Yale University Library 39002005697496 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ABRAHAM LINCOLN PRESIDENT OF THE' UNITED STATES c- WISCONSIN War of the rebellion 5 A HISTORY OF ALL REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES THE STATE HAS SENT TO THE FIELD, - - , ¦ • I And deeds of her Citizens, Governors and other Military Officers, and State and National Legislators to suppress the Rebellion. By WM. DeLOSS LOVE. CHICAGO: CHURCH AND GOODMAN, PUBLISHERS. Milwaukee: A. WHITTEMOHE. Niw YORK : SHELDON & CO. i 866. IT. PBEFACE. of every regiment can be perused in its due order by opening at differ ent pages of the work. In general, each regiment has two chapters or sections — one for the early, and one for the later part of the war. The second or last chapter of each regiment or battery, contains a review of the preceding part, with the proper references to each other section or page. The Regimental Index also shows at a glance where each part of the regimental history may be found. The part taken by any regiment or battery in any battle or campaign should be read in connection with the whole account, for a due appreciation of its action. In making this book it has been necessary to give the first part of the manuscript to the printer before the latter part was written. I had not, therefore, the best facility for graduating the length of the several parts to each other. I have also felt the need of writing for several classes of persons. First, it would have been an inexcusable neglect to have omitted all notice of the discussion of principles at home when the rebellion commenced. For, to settle principles is to determine great events. Next, some parts of the book needed to be adapted to the general reader of the history of "Wisconsin and the war. And thirdly, each soldier had a right to claim an account of his own regi ment, with some statistical matter more interesting to himself and comrades than to others. And all who had lost near friends in the war, and the departed themselves, had almost the right to ask for an honorable enrollment of the dead. These facts account in part for the size of the book. The earlier events of the war are more minutely described than the later ones, because they then occupied more of the public attention, and had a wide influence or control over that which followed. Much of the space given to some of the early regiments is occupied by the general history of the nation at the time. The arrangement of the matter is such as to give first a history of events at the East to the battle of Gettysburg, and then at the West to the same date, or the fall of Vicksburg ; then, at the West to the close of the war, concluding the history of each regiment and battery that were not engaged at the East ; and finally, events at the East, with the completion of the history of such regiments and batteries as terminated their active duties there. In preparing the work, I have been indebted to Moore's Rebellion Record, Greeley's American Conflict, Victor's History of the Southern Rebellion,, first two volumes ; Abbott's History of Civil War in America, Headley's Great Rebellion, first volume ; the New American Cyclopcedia, Coppee's Grant and His Campaigns, Bowman & Irwin's Sherman and PBEFACE. V. His Campaigns, The Annual Reports of the Adjutant General of Wisconsin, and Quiner's Military History of Wisconsin, though nearly all the mat ter in common with the last named work has been derived from original sources through other channels. Many other books have been consulted. I am indebted in particular to the courtesy of Adjutant General Gaylord ; also to Assistant Adjutant General S. Nye Gibbs, Quarter master and Commissary General James M. Lynch, Assistant Adjutant General Proudfit, to several clerks in the Adjutant General's office, particularly D. M. Sturges, and to Governors Lewis and Fairchild. In preparing the first chapter, I was much assisted by I. A. Lapham, LL.D. In collecting and compiling matter and preparing it for the press, I have been aided, in the case of one regiment, by Rev. Edward Ebbs ; in that of two other and important ones, by Mrs. M. W. Love ; in the case of a few, by Rev. J. 0. Sloan ; in that of a considerable number, by Rev. W. E. Caldwell ; and in still more by John A. Owen, Esq., formerly Lieutenant of the First Cavalry. In relation to specific regiments, I am indebted for matter as follows: In the case of the First (three months) Regiment, to Sergeant Hiram M. Booth ; First Regiment (three years), to General Starkweather, and particularly to Lieutenant H. 0. Montague ; Second Regiment, to Governor Fairchild, and a journal kept by Lieutenant William Noble until he was killed, and then by Major Otis ; Third, General Hawley and Sergeant George F. Rowell ; Fifth, General Allen ; Sixth, Major General Cutler ; Seventh, much to Major Hoyt, and Serg. J. Harrison ; Eighth, Colonel Brittan ; Ninth, Major General Salomon ; Thirteenth, L. P. Norcross ; Nineteenth, particularly to Colonel Vaughan ; Twen tieth, specially to Chaplain Walter ; Twenty-first, particularly to Col. Fitch, also to Chaplain Clinton and General Hobart, and to the last for historical matter pertaining to other regiments;. Twenty-fourth, Colonel Mc Arthur, and James McAllister, Esq., and in one part espe cially to Sanford J. Williams ; Twenty-fifth, Chaplain Harwood ; Twenty sixth, General Winkler ; Twenty-seventh, Lieutenant Colonel Brown ; Twenty-ninth, Colonel* Gill ; Thirtieth, Colonel Dill ; Thirty- first, Major Ball; Thirty-third, particularly to Captain F. B. Burdick ; Thirty-sixth, specially to Colonel Warner ; Sharpshooters, very much to Lieutenant Stevens ; First Cavalry, very much to J. R. Barnett, Lieutenant by commission, Colonel Daniels, Colonel La Grange, Major Jones, Stanley E. Lathrop ; Second Cavalry, Major General Wash burn, Colonel Stephens, to General Washburn also for general his tory ; Third Cavalry, John J. Jones ; Fourth Cavalry, General Bailey, VI. PKEFACE. Major Durgin, N. H. Culver ; First Heavy Artillery, Major Hubbell, Captain Jennings ; First Battery, Captain Webster ; Seventh Battery, especially to Sergeant John E. Warren ; Ninth Battery, Captain Dodge ; Tenth Battery, very much to Lieutenant Fowler, to Captain Beebe, and Lieutenant Groesbeck ; Thirteenth Battery, to Lieutenants Bristoll and Perrine ; and to others credited on pages where their aid was received. Also to Adjutant D. Lloyd Jones, Sixteenth Regiment. The lists of the wounded, the best that could be obtained, have been found quite defective, and some, for want of space, have neces sarily been omitted. The steel plate portraits provided for this book have been selected chiefly on the representative plan. Governors and Major Generals have been taken, for the former represented emphatically the State, and the latter the soldiers of the State. When the candidate for governor of one political party was selected, it seemed inappropriate not to select the candidate of the other party. The Secretary of State and a prominent member of Congress had both served long and well in the army, hence they were chosen. The commander of the first Wisconsin regiment sent to the field, the one Wisconsin chaplain who became brevet brigadier general, and the youngest regimental com manding officer of the State, perhaps of the Nation, have been selected. Several portraits of the worthy dead are given, and others would have been if obtained. I distinctly state that I believe many others were equally as brave and deserving as some that have been chosen, but the representative plan did not point to their selection, or I was not able to procure engravings of them. I reserve to myself the privilege of changes in the future. I am deeply conscious that this work has. many imperfections. I can hardly bear to offer it to the public ; but I have taken much pains to have it thorough and reliable, and hope it may have some value to Wisconsin citizens. If errors are learned, corrections will be made in future editions, if published. ILLUSTRATIONS. STEEL PLATE ENGRAVINGS PAGE. Face Title. 209 Pbesident Abbaham Lincoln .... Genebal Ulysses S. Geant Lieutenant Genebal William T. Sheeman - - 698 Majob Genebal Philip H. Shebidan 966 Govebnob Alexandeb "W. Randall 423 Govebnob Louis P. Habvet 431 Govebnob Edwaed Salomon 669 Govebnob James T. Lewis 929 Majob Genebal Chables S. Hamilton - - - - 510 Majob Genebal C. C. Washbubn 567 Majob Geneeal Cael Schuez 314 Beevet Majob Geneeal Ltsandee Cutleb - - - - 414 Beevet Majob Geneeal Thomas H. Rugee - - - 977 Beevet Majob Geneeal Feedeeick Salomon - - -663 Bbigadiee Genebal Halbeet E. Paine, Membbe of Congeess 527 Beigadiee Geneeal John C. Staekweatheb - - - 448 Bbigadiee Geneeal Lucius Faiechild, Govebnob - - 305 Beevet Beigadiee Geneeal Thomas S. Allen, Sec't of State 355 Beevet Beigadiee Geneeal Habeison C. Hobaet - - 992 Beevet Beigadiee Geneeal Samuel Fallows - - - 874 Colonel Sidney A. Bean 547 Colonel Feedeeick A. Boaedman > 910 Colonel Geobge B. Bingham 682 Beevet Colonel Abthub MoAethub 809 Majob Nathan Paine 740 Mbs. Coedelia A. P. Habvey 1045 WOOD ENGRAVINGS. POBTEA1TS. Beevet Majob Isaac N. Eael, a noted Scout - - - 907 Hobatio K. Foote, Chief of Scouts, Fibst Cavalby - - 889 diagbams oe maps. Battle of Bull Run 233 The Seven Days' Battles 280 Battle of Gettysbueg 406 New Madeid and Island Numbee Ten .... 466 Battle of Stone Riveb 624 Vicksbueg: The Battles and Siege .... 637 Battle or Chickamauga 676 CONTENTS. PART I. ANTECEDENT TO REGIMENTAL HISTORY. " CHAPTER I. Wisconsin — Early History. — Explorations. — Early Settlements and Events. — First Things and Persons. — Indians and Treaties. — Territorial Relations. — Territorial and State Organizations.— Improper Reduction of Territory 23 CHAPTER II. ¦Wisconsin — Extent,. Growth, and Prosperity. — Location and Extent. — Eleva tion and Climate. — Lumber and Minerals. — Lands, — Agricultural Productions, Stock, and Manufactures. — Banks and Railroads. -•- Valuation of Property. — Population and its Increase. — Public Schools, School Funds, and Children. — Colleges and Seminaries. — Benevolent Institutions. — Funds for the War. — The Troops the State has Furnished; Service Performed; The Lobs by Death. — The Extra Pay to Soldiers and their Families 28 CHAPTER III. Slavery, as a Cause op the Rebellion. — Early History of American Slavery.— Testimony of the Revolutionary Fathers against it. — An Apostacy on the Sub ject. — Anti-Slavery Guarantees Repealed. — Three Eras of Legislation. — Re-open ing of the Slave Trade.— Corrupting and Despotic Power of Slavery 35 CHAPTER IT. State Rights, as Related to the Rebellion. — Jefferson Davis' Argument for Secession. — An Examination of It. — Alexander H. Stephens' Position. — Testi mony of the Framers of the Constitution. — The Alien and Sedition Outbreak. — The Hartford Convention. — South Carolina Nullification. — The Indian Question in Georgia. — The Principles Underlying 55 CHAPTER V. The Opening op the Rebellion. — The Presidential Election. — Southern Move ments based on the Northern Triumph.— The Plea of the South for their Action. — Alexander H. Stephens Condemns Secession. — Senator Doolittle's Speech. — Vlll. contents. The Action of President Buchanan and of Congress. — The Secession Ordinances of Southern States. — Formation of the Confederacy. — Inauguration of President Lincoln, and His Address. — The Confederate Commissioners and Secretary Reward's "Memorandum." — Special Session of the Senate. — Senator Howe's Speech. — Attack on Fort Sumter, and its Surrender 83 CHAPTER VI. The Up-Rising op the People,— The ThrUling News, ^- The Shock, — The Deter mination, — The Action,- — The Presidential and Gubernatorial Proclamations, — The Enthusiastic Meetings, — The Flag-Raisings, — The Volunteering, — The Gifts for Soldiers' Families, — The Unity of the People.... 121 CHAPTER VII. * . - .... j. The Press op Wisconsin. — Its Office. — Daily Wisconsin, — Madison State Journal, — Milwaukee Sentinel, — Milwaukee News, t— Chilton Times, — State Journal, — Jauesville Gazette, — Beloit Journal and Courier, — Waupun Times, —Kenosha Telegraph, — Dodgeville Advocate, — La Crosse Union and Democrat, — Madison Patriot, — Fond du Lac Commonwealth^'— Adarils County Independent, — Dodge County" Citizen, — Fox Lake Gazette, — Green Lake Spectator, — Madison. Argus, — Madison Patriot,— Daily Life, — Monroe Sentinel,— Wisconsin. Puritan, — The Nameless,— -Opposition Press 13.1 CHAPTER VIII. » Political Men and Conventions. — Political -Affairs an Important Element, of History, — Public Meeting in Milwaukee,— Speaker Cobb's Address to the Legis lature. — Addresses by Mayor Brown, Matthew H. Carpenter, and Senator Doolittle, — Meeting in Calumet County, — Letter of Hon, J. T. Mills, in the Louisville DemocraV-Judge Hubbell's Address in Philadelphia, — Judge Byron Paine1 s Address at Madison, — Resolutions of Republican State Convention,— Address by- Judge. Mc Arthur,.— r War Meeting in Milwaukee, — Address by the Democracy of Wisconsin, and Matthew H. Carpenter's Review of It, — Resolu tions by a Democratic Convention, — The: " Loyal Democratic State Conven tion" at Janesville, — Hon. Winfield Smith's Address, — Address of Hon. E. D. Holton..,...., • • '.;'..""..:. U6 CHAPTER IX. The Wisconsin Pulpit. — The Principles that Generally Governed the Pulpit Relative to Rebellion and War, — Brief Extracts from Sermons of Fifty Ministers, — Action of Ecclesiastical State Bodies, and of Individual Churches 180 CONTENTS. IX. PART II. EASTERN DEPARTMENT — EARLIER HISTORY. FROM SUMTER TO GETTYSBURG. CHAPTER I. The First Reoiment — Foe Theee Months. — Formation, — Encampment,— Roster, — Flag-Staff of Fort Sumter, —Mrs. George H. Walker's Address, — Prophetic Sermon, — Mustering, — Departure, — Compliments, — Disappointments, — Destruc tion of Harper's Ferry,. — General Patterson, — Howell Cobb's Prophecy, — Crossing the Potomac, — Battle of Falling Waters, — George Drake, — Sergeant Warren M. Graham, — Advance to Martinsburg, — Johnston Escapes and Joins the Rebel Army at Manassas, — Senator Chandler on Patterson, — On the Poto mac, — General Banks in Command, — Homeward Bound, — Reception...;... 211 CHAPTER II. Second Infantry. — From Its Origin to Bull Bum. — Formation, — Change from Three Months to Three Tears, — Original Roster, — Transfer of Company K, — Early Privations and Hardships, — Departure and Movement -to Washington, — 'Assigned to Colonel William T. Sherman's Brigade, — Orders to March to Manas sas, — Action at Blackburn's Ford, — The First Battle of Bull Run. . ....... 228 CHAPTER III. Thied DjTFANTRY. — From Ms Origm to the Battle of Cedar Mountain. — Called Into Camp, — Origin of the Companies, — Officers in the Mexican War, — Regimental Roster, — Departure, — Movement to Harper's Ferry, — Arrest of the Maryland Secession Legislature, — Seizure of Corn, — Battle of Bolivar, — Sword Presenta tion, — President Lincoln's Order to Advance, — Reorganization, — General Banks in Command in the Shenandoah Valley, — Advance on Winchester, — First Battle of Winchester, — Bravery of Company G, — Second Battle ¦ of Winchester, — Banks' Celebrated Retreat, — Up the Shenandoah Again^ —Policy Toward the Inhabitants, — Advance to Culpepper, — General Pope in Command, — The Battle of Cedar Mountain 242 CHAPTER IV. FnrH' Infantry. — From Ms Origin, Through the Peninsular Campaign. — Organiza tion,— At the Front, — Attached to Hancock's Brigade, — Camp Life and Diver sions, — Goes to the Peninsula, — The Siege of Torktown, — General Hamilton and General McClellan, — The Battle of Williamsburg, — Pursuing the Enemy, — On the Chickahominy, — The Seven Days' Battle before Richmond 260 CHAPTER T. Iron Brigade. — From Ms Origin to the Battle of Gainesville. — Second Infantry,— from the Battle of Bull Run to the Formation of the Brigade, — The Organization, X. CONTENTS. Roster, and Advance of the Sixth Infantry, — The Organization, Roster, and Advance of the Seventh Infantry, — The Iron Brigade in McDowell's Corpst — General Pope's Campaign, — The Battle of Gainesville 288 CHAPTER TI. The Second Battle op Boll Run. — The Iron Brigade and Third and Fifth Infan try. — General Halleck Commander-in-Chief. — General McClellan Ordered to Leave the Peninsula and Reinforce General Pope. — The Opening of the Battle and Position of Forces, — Friday's Contest Favorable to the Unionists, — The Treacherous Conduct of General Porter, — The Failure of Expected Reinforce ments from McClellan, — The Iron Brigade in the Battle, — The Third and Fifth Infantry Near It. — The Unfavorable Issue 301 CHAPTER Til. South Mountain and Antietam. — The Third and Fifth Infantry and Iron Brigade. The Movement into Maryland, — General McClellan in Command, — The Rejoic ing of His Troops, — The Slowness of His March, — The Battle of South Moun tain, — The Battle of Crampton's Pass, — The Battle of Antietam 319 CHAPTER Till. Third and Fifth Infantry. — Third and Fifth Infantry from Antietam to Chancel lorville. — Third Regiment on the Upper Potomac, — On the Rapidan, — Engage in a Short Action with the Enemy, — Camp in The "Wilderness," — Approach Chancellorville. — Fifth Regiment in Maryland, — Death of Lieutenant Colonel Emery, — Proceed to Aquia Creek, — Battle of Fredericksburg. — The "Mud Cam paign," — Battle of Chancellorville 340 CHAPTER IX. God's Rule op The Rebellion. — God's Bute of The Bebellion in the Interest of Freedom. — The Interpretations of Providence by General Lee .and Jefferson Davis, — Their Thanks for Success in Treason not well Considered, — Present Success in Iniquity the Precursor of Ultimate Defeat, — The Ruling of Divine Providence to. Exhaust the Rebels, and Plant the Federals on the Rock of Free dom, — President Lincoln's Proclamation of September 22d, 1862, — His Emanci pation Proclamation 364 CHAPTER X. The Iron Brigade. — The Iron Brigade from Antietam to Gettysburg. — On the Maryland Side of the Potomac, — Cross to Virginia, — Proceed to Falmouth, — Battle of Fredericksburg, — Go into Winter Quarters, — The " Mud Campaign," —Change in Commanders, — Gloom in the Army, — Forage Expeditions, — Battle of Chancellorville, — Engagement at Brandy Station, — General Meade takes Com mand, — Approach to Gettysburg 316 CHAPTER XI. Berdan Sharpshooters. — Company G, from its Origin to Gettysburg. — Its Forma tion,— At Weehawken,— At Washington,— In the Peninsular Campaign,— Tork- town,— Battle of Hanover Court House— "Seven Days' Battles,"— Manassas CONTENTS. XI. and Antietam, — Snicker's Gap, — Fredericksburg, — Battle at the " Cedars," — Chancellorville, — To Gettysburg 380 CHAPTER XII. Nineteenth and Twenty-sixth Infantry. — From their Origin to Gettysburg. — Formation of the Nineteenth,— Roster,: — Guarding Rebel Prisoners, — Movement to the Potomac, — To the Peninsula, — Experience at Norfolk and Portsmouth, — Heavy Marching and Fatigue Duty, — Personal Incidents, — Sickness, — At New port News. — Twenty-sixth Infantry, — Formation, — German Element, — Move ment to Washington, — In General Sigel's Command, — March to Fredericksburg, — Battle of Chancellorville, — Movement to Gettysburg 389 CHAPTER XIII. The Campaign op Gettysburg. — The Iron Brigade, Third, Fifth, and Twenty-sixth Infantry, and Berdan Sharpshooters, Company G. — Movement toward Maryland, — Change of Commanders, — The Rebel Raid into Pennsylvania, — Concentration at Gettysburg, — Battles of the First, Second, and Third of July, — The Services of Wisconsin Troops, — The Dead and Wounded 403 CHAPTER XIV." Govebnob Randall and His Administration. — His Important Services at the Opening of the Rebellion, — His Discriminating Language relative to the Situa tion, — His Success in Calling for Troops, — His Wise Provision for their Wants, — His Prominent Position among other Governors, and his Influence at Washington, — His Appointment as Minister to Italy, — His Address to the Pope, — His Return to the United States, and Service as First Assistant Postmaster General, — His Early Life and Political Career previous to the War 423 PART III. WESTERN DEPARTMENT— EARLIER HISTORY. FROM SUMTER TO VICKSBURG. CHAPTER I. Governor Harvey and His Administration. — His Nativity and Early Life, — Self-Dependence, — Collegiate Education, — Success as a Teacher, — Talent as an Editor, — Popularity as a Politician, — Marriage, — Life as a Merchant, — Character as a Reformer, — Services as an Officer of the State, — Words Concerning the Death of Senator Douglas, — Executive Message, — Collection of Supplies from the Battle-Field, — Visit to Pittsburg Landing, — Affecting Interview with the Soldiers — Death, — Funeral,— Mourning 431 CHAPTER II. The Opening op War at the West. — Secession, — Refusal to Furnish Troops, — Disturbances in Missouri, — Patriotism and Worth of General Lyon, — Battles of Carthage, Dug Springs, and Wilson's Creek,— Death of General Lyon, — General 331. CONTENTS. Fremont's Proclamation, — Modified by the President, — Battle at Lexington, — Zagonyi's Charge at Springfield, — Fremont succeeded by Hunter, and Hunter by Pope,— Battles of Belmont, Wild Cat, Munfordsville, and Mill Spring, — Capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, by Grant and Foote, — Halleck relieving Grant of his Command, — The Dying Wisconsin Soldier at Fort Donelson 438 CHAPTER III. First Infantry — Reorganized. — First Tear in the Service. — Reorganization,— Roster, — Movement to Kentucky, — Winter Service; at Munfordsville, — "On; Picket," — Battle at Munfordsville, — Movement to Nashville, — Severe Skirmish, — Movement to Columbia, Rogersville, and Florence, — Skirmish at Bainbridgei Ferry, — At Chattanooga, — At Huntsville, — Return ro Nashville, — To Perry- ville 448 CHAPTER IV. Eighth and Fifteenth Infantry: Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, and Twelfth Bat teries.-* From their Origin to Island No. Ten. — The Eighth Infantry, — Its Organiz ation, — Roster, — Departure, — In St. Louis, — March to Pilot Knob, — Battle of Fredericktown, — At Sulpher Springs, — Advance to New Madrid. — The Fifteenth Infantry, — Its Organization, —Roster, — Departure from Madison, —Material, — Reception at Chicago, — At Bird's Point, Columbus, Hickman, Island Number Ten, — Expedition to Union City. — Fifth Battery, — Organization, — Roster, — Movement to New Madrid. — Sixth Battery, — Organization, — Roster,— Movement to Bird's Point, — To Sykestown, — March to New Madrid. — Seventh Battery, — Organization, — Roster, — Movement. — Twelfth Battery, — Formation, — Officers, — A Portion to New Madrid. — Capture of New Madrid, — Reduction of Island Number Ten 456 CHAPTER V. Fourteenth, Sixteenth, and Eighteenth Infantry. — From their Origm to the Battle of Pittsburg Landing. — Fourteenth Infantry, — Organization,— Roster, — Movement to St. Louis, — Thence to Savannah. — Sixteenth Infantry, — Formation, — Discipline, — Officers, — Movement to St. Louis, — Thence to Pittsburg Landing. — Eighteenth Infantry, — At Camp Holton, — Character of the Men, — Roster on Leaving the State, — Departure, — At Pittsburg Landing, — In the Advance. — Battle of Pittsburg Landing 415 CHAPTER VI. Corinthand Iuka. — The Eighth, Fov/rteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth In fantry, and the Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, Tenth and Twelfth .Bartm'es.— The Seventeenth Infantry, —Origin, — Organization, — Advance to Pittsburg Landing,— To Corinth. — First and Second Battles of Farmington, Siege of Corinth, — Summer Employ ment and Diversions, — Battle of Iuka, — Battle of Corinth, — Biographical Sketches, — Major General Hamilton 493 CHAPTER VII. Fourth Infantry and Cavalry. — From its Origin to Port Hudson. — Results of the Fall of Corinth on the Opening of the Mississippi, — Naval Battle at Memphis, — Formation of the Fourth Infantry, — Roster, — Movement to the East, — Services There,— Voyage to the Gulf,— Capture of New Orleans,— Ascent of the Missis- CONTENTS. Xlli. y ijsippi,— Colonel Paine's Refusal to Return' Fugitives,— Canal Digging at Vicks burg,— Battle of Baton Rouge,— General Butler at New Orleans,— Battle of Camp Bisland, or Bayou T6che. — On the Red River, — Siege of Port Hudson, — eofonel Bean 526 CHAPTER V.IIL. Fast cavalry. — From its Origin to Nashville. — Formation, Roster, — Movement to Cape Girardeau,— Battle of Chalk Bluff,— Battle of Hodge's Ferry,— In Cane Brakes and Bayous, — At Helena;— Sickness and Deaths,— Pursuit of Boone, — In General Davidson's Command, — Capture of Colonel Phelan, — Gallant Charge of Phelps and Hiibbs,— At West Plains, — At Pilot Knob, — At St. Genevieve, — Back to Cape Girardeau, — In General McNeill's Command, — Advance ' and Retreat, — Charge of Captain Shipman and his Men, — Battle of Cape Girardeau^ — Transfer to Nashville 553 CHAPTER IX Second Cavalry. — From its Origin to Vicksburg. — Formation, — The Commander with General Grant, — Roster, — Movement to St. Louis, and Thence to Spring field, — Second and Third Battalions in Arkansas, — Battle of Cotton Plant, — At Helena, Sickness,' — Dash Across the Mississippi, -^-Opening of the Yazoo Pass, — First Battalion in Missouri,— Movement of Second and Third to Memphis, — Before Vicksburg, — In Pursuit of the Enemy, — On the Big Black River, and at Red Bone Church , 561 CHAPTER X. Third Cavalry and Ninth and Twentieth Infantry. — From their Origin to the Fall of Vicksburg. — Third Cavalry, — Origin, — Roster, — Accident, — In Kansas, — Indian Regiment. — Ninth Infantry, — Formation and Character, — Officers, — Move ment to Kansas, — Indian Expedition, — Colonel Salomon's Arrest of Colonel Wier, — Summer Marches. — Twentieth Infantry, — Origin.— Movement to the South- West, — Marches and Privations, — Sickness, — At the Grave of General Lyon, — Battles of Honey Springs, Newtonia, Cane Hill, and Prairie Grove.— Battle of Pea Ridge,— Ninth Infantry to July 8th, 1863,— Twentieth Infantry to JulyBth, 1863 514 CHAPTER XI. Eleventh and Twelfth Infantry. — _From their Origin to the Siege of Vicksburg.— Eleventh Infantry, — Formation, — Roster, — Movements to St. Louis, Sulpher Springs, and Pilot Knob, — In General Steele's Division, and General Curtis' Army, — Battle of Bayou Cache, — At Helena and Old-Town, — On Cotton Raids, — Return to Sulpher Springs and Pilot Knob,— before Vicksburg. — Twelfth Infan. try;— -Formation, — Roster, — Movement to Weston, Missouri, — To Fort Scott, Lawrence, Fort Riley, St. Louis, Columbu^, and Humboldt, Tennessee, — Scout ing and Guarding, — Southward, — Northward, — Southward Again, — In the Trenches before Vicksburg 592 CHAPTER XII. Tbnth, Twenty-First, and Twenty-Fourth Infantry.— From their Origin to Chaplin Hills. — Tenth Infantry, — Organization, — Roster, —Movement to Louis ville,— To Bowling' Green,— To Nashville,— To Murfreesboro,— To Huntsville,— XIV. CONTENTS. Paint Rock Bridge, — General 0. M. Mitchell, — Retrograde to* Nashville and Louisville. — Twenty-first Infantry, — Origin and Organization, — Movement to the Defence of Cincinnati, — Assigned to Duty by General P. H. Sheridan at Louis ville, — Pursuit of General Bragg.— rTwenty-fourth Infantry, — Origin and Organ ization, — Movement to Jeffersonville, — To Cincinnati, — To Louisville, — Pursuit of Bragg : . ' 601 CHAPTER XIII. Battle op Chaplin Hills. r— First, Tenth, Fifteenth, Twenty-first, ami Twenty-fourth Infantry, and the Third, Fifth, and Eighth Batteries. — The Rebel and Union Armies Moving Northward, — Cincinnati and Louisville Threatened, — Movement Southward, — The Corps and Commanders of the Union Army, — Location of Wis consin Infantry Regiments and Batteries, — The Battle, — The Losses, — The Suc ceeding Movements 621 CHAPTER XIV. Battle op Stone River. — Mrst, Tenth, Fifteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-fourth Infantry, and the Third, Fifth and Eighth Batteries. — Movement from Nashville, — The First and Twenty-first defeat Wheeler's Cavalry, — The Fifteenth, in a Preliminary Engagement, — The Battle, — The Defeat, — The Victory, — Regi mental Movements, — Biographical Sketches 621 CHAPTER XV. Vicksburg: The Battles,- The Assaults, The Siege.- — Eighth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Fourteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-third, Twenty ¦ fifth, Twenty- seventh, Twenty-ninth, and Thirty-Third Infantry; First, Sixth, and Twelfth Batte ries, and Second Cavalry. — Opportunity Lost, — Attack on Haines' Bluff, — Arkansas Post, — Williams' Canal, — Milliken's Bend and Lake Providence, — Yazoo Pass, — Steele's Bayou, — Passing the Batteries, — Battles of Anderson's Hill and Port Hudson, — Feint on Haines' Bluff,— Battles of Raymond and Jackson, — Of Cham pion Hills, — Of Black River Bridge, — Investment and Assaults, — Siege of Vicksburg, — Surrender, — Second Battle of Jackson, — Fall of Port Hudson- Battle at Helena 638 PART IV. WESTERN DEPARTMENT — LATER HISTORY, FROM VICKSBURG TO ATLANTA AND NASHVILLE. CHAPTER I. Governor Salomon and His Administration. — His Accession to the Executive Office, — The Peculiar and Arduous Character of his Services, — Organization of Regiments, — Drafting, and the Attendant Difficulties, — The Indian Excitement, Suffrage to Soldiers,— Provision for Their Wants,— Rules of Promotion,— Biographical Sketch •» ¦ v 669 CHAPTER II. ,, Chiokamauga.— The First, Tenth, Fifteenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty7fourth Infantry, the First Cavalry, and Third, Fifth, and Eighth Batteries.— Roseerans leaves Mur- CONTENTS. freesboro, — Flanks Bragg at Tullahoma, — Crosses the Cumberland Mountain, Flanks the Enemy out of Chattanooga, and Takes Possession, — Moves Beyond, — Battle of Chickamauga, — The Part taken by Wisconsin Troops, — Biographical Sketches 614 CHAPTER III. Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. — The First, Tenth, Figeenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-fourth, and Twenty-sixth Infantry, and Sixth and Eighth Batteries. — Grant in Command, — Battle of Wauhatchie, — Capture of Orchard Knob, — Positions of Thomas, Sherman, and Hooker, — Battle, — Storming of the Ridge, — Wisconsin Troops, — Biographical Sketches 691 CHAPTER IV. Sherman's Campaign to Atlanta. — The First, Third, Tenth, Twelfth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-fowrth, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Wisconsin Infantry, First Cavalry, and Fifth and Tenth Batteries. — Battles of Resaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Moun tain, Decatur, Peach Tree Creek, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, — Capture of Atlanta 698 CHAPTER V. Texas and Red Rivek Expeditions. — Eighth, Ninth, Fourteenth, Twenty-third, Twenty-seventh, Twenty-ninth, and Thirty- Third Wisconsin Infantry, and First Battery. — General Banks in Command, — General Washburn moves the Thir teenth Corps to New Orleans, — General Franklin at Sabine Pass, — March to Opelousas,— Battle of Grand Coteau, — Capture of Fort Esperanza,— Texas at Our Mercy, — Why Not Taken and Held, — Twenty-third and Twenty-ninth Wis consin at Grand Coteau, — Red River Expedition, — Capture of Fort De Russy, — Battle of Sabine Cross Roads, — Battle of Pleasant Hill, — Release of Admiral Porter's Fleet by Colonel Baily, — General Steele's Movement from Little Rock toward Red River, — Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, — General Salomon's Services in that Battle, — Biographical Sketches - 143 CHAPTER VI. First, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and Eleventh Infantry. — First Infantry. — Review of History to June, 1863, — Movements from Murfreesboro to Chattanooga, — From Chattanooga to Atlanta, — Muster Out, — Roster, — Biographical Notices. — Eighth Infantry, — Review, — Expeditions, — Vicksburg, — Subsequent Movements, —Muster Out, — Roster, — Regimental Statistics. — Ninth Infantry, — Review, — Remainder of History,— Muster Out,— Roster,— Statistics.— Tenth Infantry,— Review, — Subsequent History to the Close. — Eleventh Infantry,— Review, — Remainder to the End 161 CHAPTER VII. Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Infantry. — Thirteenth Infantry,— Organization, Roster, Marches on the Western Borders, — At Donelson,— Skirmish at Clarkville,— At Stevenson,— Veteranized,— At Huntsville,— Pursuit of For est —Invested by Hood,— In Texas,— Suffering and Sickness, — Chaplains, — Muster-Out.— Fourteenth Infantry,— Review,— Expeditions,— At Vicksburg,— Medals of Honor,— Re-enlistments.— Red River Expeditions,— Battle of Tupelo, XVI. CONTENTS. — At Mobile,— Close of Service, — Statistics. — Fifteenth Infantry,— Review,— From Island Number Ten to Chaplin Hills, — To Stone River, — Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge, — Thence to Knoxville, — To Atlanta, — Close 181 CHAPTER VIII. Twentieth, Twenty-Third, and Twenty-Fourth Infantry. — Twentieth Infan try, -gRe view, — Services Around Vicksburg after its Surrender, — Campaign to the Rio Grande, — Inhabitants, — Army Church, — Mobile Expedition, — The Close, — Twenty-Third Infantry, — Early History, — Review, — Vicksburg, — Texas and Red River Expeditions, — At Mobile, — Close, — Biographical Sketches. — Twenty- Fourth Infantry, — Review, — Chaplin Hills, — Stone River, — Chickamauga, — Mission Ridge, — Knoxville, — Atlanta Campaign, — Battles of Franklin and Nash ville, — Close, — Biographical Notices 194 CHAPTER IX. Twenty-Seventh, Twenty-Eighth, and, Twenty-Ninth Infantry. — Twenty- seventh Infantry, — Origin, — At Columbus, — At Vicksburg, — Helena, — Little Rock, — In the Red River Expedition, — Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, — Before Mo bile, — In Alabama, — In Texas, — Close. — Twenty-eighth Infantry, — Origin, — In Kentucky, — At Helena, — White River Expedition, — Yazoo Pass Expedition, — In the Army of the Arkansas,— In the Thirteenth Corps, — At Mobile, — In Texas, — Close. — Twenty-ninth Infantry, — Origin, — Movements in Arkansas, — Contraband Cotton Trade, — Yazoo Pass Expedition, — At Port Gibson, Champion Hills, and Vicksburg, — Battle of Grand Coteau, — Texas and Red River Expedi tions, — Muster Out 814 CHAPTER X. Thirtieth, Thirty-Third, Thirty-Fouth, and Thirty-Fifth Infantry. — Thir tieth Infantry, — Origin, — Protecting Against Indians, — Suppressing Draft Riots, — Building Forts, — Guarding Trains, — Services in Kentucky, — Distributing Pris oners, — Companies Separated, — Muster Out. — Thirty-third Infantry, — Origin, — Movement to Memphis, — Expedition Towards Vicksburg, — Hunger, — In the Sixteenth Corps, — Siege at Vicksburg, — Battle at Jackson, — Meridian Expedi tion, — Red River Expedition, — Battle of Tupelo, — West of the Mississippi, — Battle of Nashville, — Close. — Thirty-fourth Infantry, — Origin, — Short Service, — In Kentucky, — Close. — Thirty-fifth Infantry, — Origin, — In Louisiana, — In Arkan sas, — Before Mobile, — On the Rio Grande, — Close 833 CHAPTER XI. Thirty- Ninth and Fifty-Third Infantry, Inclusive. — One Hundred-Day Troops. — Thirty-ninth Infantry, — At Memphis. — Fortieth Infantry, — At Memphis. — Forty-first Infantry, — At Memphis. — President Lincoln^ Order Returning Thanks. One Year Regiments. — Forty-second Infantry, — Garrison and Provost Duties. — Forty-third Infantry, — In Kentucky and Tennessee, — Battle of Johnsonville. — Forty-fourth Infantry, — Battle of NaBhville. — Forty- fifth Infantry, — At Nashville. — Forty-sixth Infantry, — In Alabama. — Forty- seventh Infantry, — Guard Duty in Tennessee. — Forty-eighth Infantry, — In Kansas. — Forty-Ninth Infantry, — In Missouri. — Fiftieth Infantry, — In Dakotah. — Fifty-first Infantry, — In Missouri. — Fifty-second Infantry, — In Missouri and Kansas. — Fiftv-third Infantry, — In Kansas 855 CONTENTS. XV11. CHAPTER XII. First, Second, Third and Fourth Cavalry.— First Cavalry,— Review,— M'Cook's Expedition, — Knoxville,— Battle of Dandridge, — Wilson's Expedition,— Biogra phical Sketches. — Second Cavalry, — Review, — Battalions United at Vicksburg, — Battle, — Expeditions in Texas, — General Washburn. — Third Cavalry,— Review, — Army of the Frontier, — Veterans, — Expeditions. — At Little Rock, — Pursuit of Shelby, — In Missouri and Kansas, — Close. — Fourth Cavalry,— Review, — " Organization as Cavalry,— Expeditions,— Battles,— To the Gulf,— At Mobile, — To the Rio Grande, — Colonel Boardman 819 CHAPTER XIII. First, Third, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth and Thirteenth Light Artil lery. — Light Artillery, — First Battery, — Historical Narration. — Third Battery,— Origin, Review, and Completion. — Sixth Battery, — Review and Completion. — Seventh Battery, — Review and Completion. — Eighth Battery, — Origin, Review, and Close. — Ninth Battery, — From First to Last. — Thirteenth Battery, — From Beginning to End 912 PART V. EASTERN DEPARTMENT — LATER HISTORY. FROM GETTYSBURG AND ATLANTA TO RICHMOND. « CHAPTER I. Governor Lewis and His administration. — Inaugural Address, — Recommenda tions to the Legislature, — Earnest Support of the General Government, — Forma tion of - Regiments, — Filling the Quotas of the State, — Attention to the Sol diers, — Adjustment of Claims, — Constitutional Amendment, — Biographical Sketch .' T 930 CHAPTER II. From The Wilderness to Petersburg. — Second, ^Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Nineteenth^ Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and Thirty eighth Regiments, and Fourth Battery. — Potomac Army, — Battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania, — Sheridan's Raid, — Butler Up the James, — Battles of North Anna, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, — Explosion of The Mine, — Battles of Weldon Railroad and Reams' Station, — Battles of Fair Oaks and Hatcher's Run 933 CHAPTER HI. Sherman's Great March. — Third, Twelfth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth, Thirty-first, and Thirty- second Infantry, and Fifth, Tenth, and Twelfth Batteries. — March to the Sea, — Capture of Fort McAllister and Savannah, — Orders in Behalf of Freedmen, — Campaign of the Carolinas, — Battle of Pocotaligo, — Battle of Averysboro. — Battle of Bentonville. — Arrival at Goldsboro 951 CHAPTER IV. Richmond's Fall and Lee's Surrender. — A Grand Assault, — Capture of Fort Steadman by the Rebels, — The Recapture, — The Position of Forces, — Battle at XV111. CONTENTS. Five Forks, — Assault of April 2d, — Lee's Lines Broken, — Consternation in Rich mond, — Condition and Spirit of the People, — Lee Surrenders, — Johnston Surren ders, — Services of Wisconsin Troops 965 CHAPTER V. Second, Sixth, Seventh, Thied, Flfth, Twelfth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Infantry. — Review and Close of Each Regi ment CHAPTER VI. Twenty-First, Twenty Second, Twenty-Fifth, Twenby-Sixth, Thirty-First, Thirty-Second, Thirty-Sixth, Thirty-Seventh, Thirty-Eighth Infantry. — ' Twenty-first, — Review and Close. — Twenty-second, — Origin, Review, and Close. Twenty-fifth, — Origin, Review, and Close. — Twenty-sixth, — Review and Close. — Thirty-first, Thirty-second, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, Thirty-eighth, — Origin, Review, and Close. — Sharpshooters 991 CHAPTER Til. First Heavy Artillery; Second, Fourth, Fifth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth Light Artillery;, In Other States; Addenda 1015 CHAPTER Till. Prisons, Legislation, Officials, Schools and Churches, Hospitals, Homes, Commissions. — Life in Rebel Prisons, — Votes on Constitutional Amendment, — Senators Howe and Doolittle, — Adjutant General Gaylord, — Surgeon General * Wolcott, — War Statistics of Schools, Colleges, and Churches, — Army Hospitals, — Mrs. C. A. P. Harvey, — Soldiers' Home, — Soldiers' Orphans' Home, — Orphans' Institute of Reward, — Soldiers' Aid Society, — Freedmen's Aid Society, — Chris tian Commission, — The Dying Wisconsin Soldier , . . 1036 CHAPTER IX. The Roll of the Dead. Explanations, — Names t 1055 REGIMENTAL INDEX, EIRST INFANTRY. Three Months 211-227 FIRST INFANTRY. Early History, 448-455; Chaplin Hills, 610, 611, 615, 616 ; to Nashville, 618 ; Jefferson and Stone River, 627, 628 ; Chickamauga 680-682 ; Mission Ridge, 694 ; Resaca, 700, 701 ; Dallas, 707 ; Kenesaw, 715, 716, 721 ; Peach Tree Creek, 728 ; Atlanta, 784. Residue and close .761-765. SECOND INFANTRY. Early History, 228-241; in Iron Brigade, 228- 290, 294-308; Gainesville, 303-806; second Bull Run, 818-317; South Mountain 823, 824 ; Antie tam, 334-387 ; Fredericksburg, 847 ; Chancellors- ville, 859, 360 ; from Antietam to Gettysburg, 876- 879 ; at Gettysburg, 407-412 419, 420 ; Wilderness, 984, 935 ; Spottsylvania, 936, 937 ; North Anna, 989 ; Cold Harbor, 940 ; Petersburg, 945 ; Weldon Railroad, 950 ; Hatcher's Run, 952 ; second Hatch- nr's Run, 955 ; Gravelly Run, 967 ; Mve Forks, 968 first Bull Run, 1038, 1034. Review and close 969, 970. THIRD INFANTRY. Early History, 242-249 ; second Bull Run, 815, 316 ; Antietam, 333, 334 ; to Chancellorsville, 340- 842; at Chancellorsville, 857-859; Gettysburg, 414-416; in Sherman's army, 699; Resaca, 701; Dallas, 707, 708 ; Kenesaw, 716 ; Peach Tree Creek, 727; Atlanta, 784; to the Sea, 958, 959; Averysboro, 962, 963 ; Bentonville, 964. '¦ "e and close : 976-978. FIFTH INFANTRY. Early History, 260-287; to second Bull Run, 815, 316; Orampton's Pass, 821, 825; Antietam, 824; to Fredericksburg, 342-344; at Fredericks burg, 844-850 ; Chancellorsville, 850-857; Gettys burg, 415, 417; Wilderness, 985; Spottsylvania, 937 ; Cold Harbor, 940 ; Petersburg, 945 ; Hatch er's Run, 955; Petersburg, 968. "- sandclose 978-981. SIXTH INFANTRY. Early History, 290-303; Gainesville, 803-306; second Bull Run, 309, 818,814, 816, 817; South Mountain, 828, 824; Antietam, 884-887; Fred ericksburg, 347 ; Chancellorsville, 359, 860 ; from Antietam to Gettysburg, 376-879 ; at Gettysburg, 407-412, 419, 420 ; Wilderness, 934, 935 ; Spott sylvania, 936, 987 ; North Anna, 989 ; Cold Har bor, 910 ; Petersburg, 945 ; Weldon Railroad, 950 ; Hatcher's Run, 952 ; second Hatcher's Run, 955 ; Gravelly Run, 967 ; Five Forks, 968. Residue and close 971-974. SEVENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 293-808; Gainesville 803-806; second BuU Run, 309, 318, 814, 816, 817 j South Mountain, 328, 821; Antietam, 834-837; Fred ericksburg, 357 ; Chancellorsville, 349, 860 ; Antie tam to Gettysburg, 376-379 ; Gettysburg, 407-412, 419 420- Wilderness, 934, 935; Spottsylvania, ' 936'- North Anna, 989 ; Obld Harbor, 940 ; Peters burg, 945 ; Weldon Railroad, 950 ; Hatcher's Run, 952 ; second Hatcher's Run, 955 ; Gravelly Run, 967 ; Five Forks, 968. Residue and close 974-976. EIGHTH INFANTRY. Early History, 456-461 : Island1 Number Ten, 471 ; Siege of Corinth, 497, 498, 500 ; to Iuka, 502 ; battle of Iuka, 511 ; of Corinth, 517 ; Jack son, 647 ; Vicksburg, 655 ; Red River expedition, 750-752, 780 ; items, 780. Residue and close 765-770. NINTH INFANTRY. Early History, 578-581 ; Newtonia, 585 ; Cane Hill, 586; Prairie Grove, 587, 589, 590; Red River expedition, 756, 760. Residue and close 770-772. TENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 601-604; Chaplin Hills, 608, 612, 618, 617 ; to Nashville, 6X8 ; Stone River, 622, 626-628; Chickamauga, 678, 681, 683, 684; Mis sion Ridge, 693, 694; in Sherman's army, 599; Dallas, 708 ; Kenesaw, 716 ; Peach Tree Creek, 727, 728. Residue and close 772-774. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 592-596; Anderson Hill, 648, 644 ; Port Gibson, 644, 645 ; Champion Hills, 649 ; Big Black River, 652 ; Vicksburg, 656, 661 . Later History 774-780. TWELFTH INFANTRY. Early History, 596-600 ; Vicksburg, 656 ; second battle of Jackson, 662 ; in Sherman'B army, 699 ; Kenesaw, 716 ; Bald Hill, 730, 781 ; Atlanta, 784 ; Jonesboro, 735 ; to the Sea, 959 ; Bentonville, 964. Residue and close 981-988. THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. History 781-787. FOURTEENTH INFANTRY. Early History. 475-477; Pittsburg Landing, 488, 489 ; to Corinth, 504: battle of Corinth, 515, 521 ; Champion Hills, 619 ; Big Black River, 652 ; Vicksburg, 656, 657. Later Mistory 787-790. FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 461-168 ; Island Number Ten, 471, 472; Chaplin Hills, 618, 614; to Nashville, 618, 619 ; to Stone River, 622, 623 ; Battle of Stone River, 625, 628, 629, 634, 685 ; in Sherman's Army, 699; Resaca, 701, 705; Dallas, 708, 712; Kene saw, 717 ; Peach Tree Creek, 728 ; Atlanta, 785. Residue and close 790-798. SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 477, 478 ; Pittsburg Landing, 483-485, 489 ; Siege of Corinth, 499 ; Summer of 1862, 508 ; at Iuka, 611 ; Corinth, 617 ; Kenesaw, 717 ; Bald Hill, 730, 731 ; Atlanta and Jonesboro, 785 ; to the Sea, 959 ; Bentonville, 964. Residue and close 986, 984. XX. REGIMENTAL INDEX. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 493-495 ; Siege of Corinth 499 ; Summer of 1862, 503 ; Battle of Corinth, 515, 516; toward Vicksburg, 644; Champion Hills, 649; Big Black River, 653; Vicksburg, 657; in Sher man's Army, 699 ; Kenesaw, 717 ; Bald Hill, 731 ; Atlanta and Jonesboro, 785 ; To the Sea, 959, 964. Residue and close 984-986. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 479, 480 ; Pittsburg Landing, 484. 485, 499 ; Siege of Corinth, 499 ; Summer of 1862, 503, 504 ; Battle of Corinth, 516, 517 ; Jack son, 647 ; Champion Hills, 649 ; Big Black River, 653 ; Vicksburg, 657. Later History NINETEENTH INFANTRY. Early History, 389-895 ; Petersburg, 945 ; Fair Oaks, 953,' 954. ¦ eandclose 9S8-990. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. Early History, 581-584 ; Prairie Grove, 686-589, 591 ; Succeeding History, 590, 591 ; Vicksburg, 657. later History 794-800. TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Early History, 604, 605; Chaplin Hills, 608, 611,612; to Nashville, 618 ; Jefferson and Stone River, 622, 627, 623 ; Chickamauga, 678, 680-683, 688 ; Mission Ridge, 693, 694 ; in Sherman's army, 699; Resaca, 701, 702; Dallas, 709; Kenesaw, 717,718; Peach Tree Creek, 727; Atlanta, 785; to the sea, 959 ; Averysboro, 962 ; Bentonville, 963 ; Morals, 1034, 5. ¦" land close 991-993. TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Early History, 993, 994 ; in Sherman's Army, 699; Resaca, 702; Dallas, 709; Kenesaw, 718; Peach Tree Creek, 728, Atlanta, 735, 736 ; to the sea, 959, 960; Averysboro', 962; Bentonville, 964. Residueand close 995. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. Early History, 800-803 ; Port Gibson, 643-645 ; Champion Hills, 649-651 ; Black River Bridge, 653 ; Vicksburg, 658, 661, 662 ; Grand Coteau, 745, 746; Red lliver Expedition, 752, 753. Later History TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Early History, 605, 606 ; Chaplin Hills, 614 ; to Nashville, 619 ; at Stone River, 622, 626, 629- 632 ; Chickamauga, 685-687 ; Mission Ridge, 694, 695 ; in Sherman's Army, 669 ; Resaca, 702, 708, 705; Dallas, 709, 718; Kenesaw, 718, 719, 722; Peach Tree Creek, 728, 730 ; Atlanta, 736. Later History 806-818. TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Early History, 996 ; Vicksburg, 658 ; in Sher man's army, 699 ; Resaca, 703 -Dallas, 709 ; Ken esaw, 719 ; Decatur, 732, 783 ; Atlanta, 786 ; to the sea, 960. Residue and close. 997-998. TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Early History 895-403 ; Gettysburg, 417, 418 ; Wauhatchie, 691, 692 ; Mission Ridge,695 ; Resaca, 703, 704 ; Dallas, 710 ; Kenesaw, 719 ; Peach Tree Creek, 728, 729 ; Atlanta, 736 ; to the sea, 960 ; Averysboro, 692, 963 ; Bentonville, 964. Residue and close 998. 699. TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. History, 814-817 ; Snyder's Bluffs 658 ; Jenkins Ferry, 759, 760 ; Morals, 1084. TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. History, 817-826 ; battle of Helena, 663, 664. TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. History, 826-832; Port Gibson, 644, 645, Cham- pion Hills, 650, 651; Vicksburg, 658, 659 ; second battle of Jackson, 662 ; Texas Expedition, 748- 746 ; Red River Expedition, 753, 755. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. History, 833-889. THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. History, 1000-1002 ; Atlanta, 786, 787 ; to the sea, 960 ; Averysboro, 968 ; Bentonville, 964. THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. History, 1002-1006 ; in Sherman's army, 699 ; Atlanta and Jonesboro, 737 ; to' the Sea, 960, 961; Bentonville, 964. THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. History, 839-819 ; Vicksburg, 659, 660; Red River expedition, 753, 754. THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. History 849, 850. THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. History 850-854. THIRTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. History, 1006-1009; Spottsylvania, 938; North Anna, 939 ; Cold Harbor, 940, 941 ; Petersburg, 945, 946 ; Malvern Hill, 949 ; Petersburg Mine, 950 ; Deep Bottom, 950 ; Reams' Station, 951 ; Hatcher's Run, 952, 953 ; Petersburg, 968. THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. History, 1009-1011 ; Army of Potomac, 941 ; Petersburg, 946, 947 ; Petersburg Mine, 949 ; Reams' Station, 951 ; Hatcher's Run, 953 ; Peters burg, 968. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. History, 1011-1013 ; Petersburg, 917 ; Mine explo sion, 949 ; Weldon Railroad, 952 ; Hatcher's Run 953 ; assault at Petersburg, 968. THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY 856-858, FORTIETH INFANTRY 858-860 FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY; 860-861 FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY 861-868 FO RT Y-THIRD INFANTRY FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY 866-867. FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY I FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY 868, : FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY 869, 870. FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY 870-872. FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY 872-874 FIFTIETH INFANTRY 875, FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY 876. REGIMENTAL INDEX. XXI. FIFTY-SECOND INFANTRY 877. FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY 877, 878 . SHARP-SHOOTERS. Early History, 380-388 ; Gettysburg, 416 ; Wil derness, 935 ; Spottsylvania, 988 ; North Anna- 939; Cold Harbor, 941; Harris' Farm, 947; Deep Bottom, 949; Petersburg, 950. Residue and close 1013, 1014. FIRST CAVALRY. Early History, 553-566; Chickamauga, 687; in Sherman's army, 699 : Buzzard's Roost and Re saca, 704 ; Dallas, 710, 711 ; Kenesaw, 719, 720 ; Atlanta, 737-741 ; Bloomfield, 1033. Later History 879-891 SECOND CAVALRY. Early History, 566-578 ; Vicksburg, 660 ; Jack son, 662. Later History 891-897. THIRD CAVALRY. Early History, 574-578 ; Honey Springs, 584 ; Newtonia, 585, 586 ; Cane Hill, 586 ; Prairie Grove, 587. 688. Later History 897-900. FOURTH CAVALRY. Early History 526,552. Later History 900-911. MILWAUKEE CAVALRY. History 911. LIGHT ARTILLERY— FIRST BATTERY, History, 912-915 ; Arkansas Post, 689, 640 ; Port Gibson, 645 ; Champion Hills, 651 ; Black River Bridge, 653 ; Vicksburg, 660 ; Jackson, 662. SECOND BATTERY. History 1019, 1020. THIRD BATTERY. History, 915-917 ; Chaplin Hills, 609, 614 ; Stone River, 622, 632, 638, 636 ; Chickamauga, 687. FOURTH BATTERY. History, 1020-1022 ; Bermuda Hundred, 939 ; Pe tersburg, 947, 950. FIFTH BATTERY. Early History, 468 ; Island Number Ten, 472; siege of Corinth, 498, 499 ; to Chaplin Hills, 504, 505; battle of Chaplin Hills, 608, 614, 615; to Nashville, 619 ; Stone River, 622, 625, 632, 633, 686 ; Chickamauga, 687, 688 : in Sherman's army, 699; Resaca, 704; Dallas, 711; Kenesaw, 720, 721 ; Peach Tree Creek, 729 ; Atlanta, 787 ; Jonesboro, 787 ; to the Sea, 961 ; Bentonville, 964. Residue and close 1022, 1023. SIXTH BATTERY. Early History, 463, 464; Island Number Ten, 472 ; siege of Corinth, 499 ; summer of 1862, 505 ; battle of Corinth, 517, 518, 525 ; Port Gibson, 645 ; Raymond, 646 ; Jackson, 647 ; Champion Hills, 651 ; Vicksburg, 660; Mission Ridge, 695. LaterMstory 917-919. SEVENTH BATTERY. Early History, 464 ; Island Number Ten, 472-474; Memphis, 856, 857. Later History 919-921. EIGHTH BATTERY. History, 921-923 ; Chaplin Hills, 608, 615 ; Stone River, 622, 625, 633, 636 ; Mission Ridge, 695, 696. NINTH BATTERY. History 923-926. TENTH BATTERY. Early History, 501, 502 ; Summer of 1862, 505, 506 ; Resaca, 704 ; Atlanta, 787. Later History 1023, 1025. ELEVENTH BATTERY. History 1026,1027. TWELFTH BATTERY. Early History, 461, 465 ; Island Number Ten, 473 ; Siege of Corinth, 600 ; Summer of 1862, 506; Iuka, 508, 510, 511 ; Corinth 518, 521 ; Yazoo Pass, 641, 642 ; Port Gibson, 645 ; Jackson, 617 ; Champion Hills, 651 ; Vicksburg, 660 ; Allatoona Pass, 987; Bentonville, 964. Residue and close 1028, 1029 . THIRTEENTH BATTERY. History 926, 927. FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. History 1015-1019. INTRODUCTION. "We have passed through an ordeal that ought to have a record; we have achieved a triumph that should receive a commemoration. Future years will give ampler opportunity for a perfect history ; but now, while we are fresh from the scenes of war, before any of the remaining witnesses depart from the earth, the historic page should be commenced. To picture well the difference between war and peace, we need to be in close proximity to both. These four long years of bloody war have been terrible. "We should have thought at first that we could never live through them. But strength has been given sufficient to our day. Our bravery, and patriotism, and endurance, have far exceeded our own estimate. Now, war has suddenly ceased. The long-protracted strug gle of guerrillaism, feared by ourselves, and the dying in the last ditch, prophesied by our enemies, are cut short by their complete submission; and in place of them, the long proces sions to the Capital, suing for pardon and restoration, tire our observation, and tempt to incredulity of their former treason. No more do we wait the events of long-anticipated battles — no more stand in trepidation lest the next telegraphic message or official report shall reveal to us the names of our sons, or brothers, or fathers, in the list of the wounded or the dead. No more do we look upon our young men with the fear that they may be fated to go down into the dust before the warfare shall end. No more do we picture the ambulance returning 2 18 INTRODUCTION. from the battle-field, dripping with the flowing blood of the wounded and dying, borne to the rude and comfortless field hospital. No more do we search our chests and drawers for lint and bandages to check the oozing blood from gaping wounds, fresh from the field of carnage; no more send out the messengers and delegates to minister to the suffering ones spared alive from the gory contest. The battles fought baffle all our powers of description ; their number palls our very memory. But now, all is over. A wonderful shifting of the scenery has taken place. The black clouds of war have all rolled away beyond the horizon, never more, we trust, to rise upon our vision. Surely, " This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it." The part which Wisconsin has taken in this contest is the theme of this book. Wisconsin is our picture, but it needs the frame-work of the Union ; it is our gem, but it needs the setting of the whole war. What battle has there been in which Wisconsin troops have not brorne a part; what cam paign in which they have not been conspicuous ? What fleet has not carried her soldiers to the assault or the siege ; what Southern prison has not confined and starved her sons ; what hospital has not nursed her sick and wounded troops ; what cemetery does not contain their sleeping dust? Wisconsin in the War of the Rebellion, then, must set forth at least a summary of the history of the war. There are two modes of writing history. One produces the facts alone ; the other embraces the causes of events also, and the philosophical thread that unites them together. Herodotus was a distinguished exemplar of the former kind ; Moses be longed rather to the latter class, for he sought for the beginning of Creation. Which of the two classes the writer of this book has sought for his model its pages will reveal. Tbe fact of the difference is here noted, to indicate tihe reason for intro ducing some topics embraced in the work. INTRODUCTION. 19 Fiction can never be history. Partial history often becomes fiction. Some events it were always better to leave untold; but to omit any to the prejudice of the truth or the injury of justice, to leave them unrecorded, when thereby a character or a series of events may wear an aspect too flattering or too derogatory, is a crime in a historian that God may forgive on his repentance, but which man must always impute to him as a blot on his work and his memory. Those who by promi nent deeds put themselves in the way of public history, must seek the grace of modesty to bear meekly all just praise, or the equanimity and firmness of justice to suffer the criticisms of the truth. The historian may write of the living, but if he is worthy of his office he will write of them with all the imparti ality that would be easy and natural if both they and all their friends were among the dead. True history deals with the dead and unchangeable past. It cannot alter the truth. It is absolutely impotent to change what has been done. Praise cannot flatter it, blame cannot deter it. May such be the character of these pages. PART I. ANTECEDENT TO REGIMENTAL HISTORY. I.— WISCONSIN— EARLY HISTORY. H.— EXTENT, GROWTH, AND PROSPERITY. IH. — SLAVERY, AS A CAUSE OF THE REBELLION. IV. — STATE RIGHTS, AS RELATED TO THE REBELLION V. — THE OPENING OF THE REBELLION. VI. — THE UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. VII. — THE PRESS OF WISCONSIN. VIH.— POLITICAL MEN AND CONVENTIONS. IX,— THE WISCONSIN PULPIT. CHAPTER I. WISCONSIN— EARLY HISTORY. EXPLORATIONS. EARLY SETTLEMENTS AND EVENTS. FIBST THINGS AND PERSONS. INDIANS AND TREATIES. TERRITORIAL RELATIONS. TER RITORIAL AND STATE ORGANIZATIONS. IMPROPER REDUCTION OP TERRITORY. To obtain an intelligent understanding of what Wisconsin has done, we need to consider what she is. To estimate what she is, we need to know her beginning ; and some particulars ot her history it may be well to record in this place. Nicolet, a French missionary, first explored the country west of Lake Michigan, in 1639, only nineteen years after the land ing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. He visited Green Bay and the Wisconsin River. Two fur traders penetrated to Green Bay in 1654. In 1665 Claude Allouez established a mission at La Pointe, on Lake Superior. This was probably the first settlement of Wisconsin ; which was earlier than Charleston, S. C, was settled, and before William Penn founded Phila delphia. Nicholas Perrot made the first voyage along the west shores of Lake Michigan in 1670. The French took formal possession of the North-West in 1671, and in the same year held the first treaty in this territory with the Indians, at Sault de Ste. Marie, or St. Mary's Falls, .which are in the strait connecting Lakes Superior and Huron. On June 17th, 1673, Marquette, a missionary and explorer, discovered the Missis sippi River ; and the same year, he, with Joliet, descended it to within three days' journey of its mouth, in the vicinity of the point where Be Soto and his party reached it in their explor- 24 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ations in 1541. Marquette also made two voyages from Green Bay to Chicago in 1674 ; and in 1679 the first sail craft, " The Griffin," made a trip to Green Bay, and was lost. In 1679 La Salle made a voyage from Green Bay to St. Joseph's, opposite Chicago. Hennepin and DeLuth, in 1680, explored the Upper Mississippi. Probably the first military station in the territory now occupied by Wisconsin was estab lished by Fonti, in 1680. Marquette's journal and a map of this part of the country were published in France in 1681. In 1683 Le Seur went down the Wisconsin River to the Mississippi ; and in 1695 he erected a fort on an island in the Mississippi, below the St. Croix. In 1699 Rev. John Buisson de St. Comez coasted Lake Michigan from Green Bay, and passed the mouth of the Milwaukee River November 10th. In the year 1700 Le Seur made a voyage up the Mississippi in search of copper ore, and in 1719 Francis Renalt, with two hundred miners, explored the upper part of the river. The French built a fort at Green Bay in 1726. Prairie du Chien was first settled in the same year, and in 1755 the French established a fort there. In 1761 the English, under Lieutenant Gorell, occupied Green Bay ; and on February 10th, 1763, all of New France surrendered to Great Britain. The laws of Canada were extended over the North- West in 1766, and in that year and the two following, Jonathan Carver traveled through the country; and afterwards twice sought to have confirmed to him a grant of territory by Congress, which was denied. The North- Western Fur Company was organized in 1774 ; the first grist-mill was built, at Green Bay, in 1780. In 1786 Julian Dubuque explored the lead mines of the Upper Mississippi. The ordinance of Congress for the government of the North- Western Territory was passed July 13th, 1787, and in 1796 the same year that Prairie du Chien surrendered to the Americans, the laws of the North- Western Territory were ex tended over this part of the country. In 1815 the United States established a trading post at Prairie du Chien, and in 1818 the first grist-mill was built there. In 1819 the first saw-mill was erected, on Black River, by Constance A. Andrews; and in the same year Fort Snel- EARLY SETTLEMENTS. 25 ling was built and occupied. October 26th, 1818, the counties of Brown and Crawford were organized, covering the whole State. Thomas Nuttall, the botanist, explored Wisconsin in 1809. The first Post Office in the Territory was established at Green Bay in 1821 ; the first Court was held in Brown county, July 12th, 1824, James D. Doty being appointed Judge the same year ; the first term of the United States Court was held at Green Bay, October 4th, 1824; the first steamboat appeared on Lake Michigan in 1826, although the first one at Chicago was not till 1832 ; and the first newspaper {Green Bay Intelligencer) was printed at Green Bay in 1833. Colonel Ebenezer Childs built the first frame house erected in Wisconsin, at Green Bay (formerly Navarino) in 1825. It was for Judge Doty. • In that year Colonel W. S. Hamilton, son of the distinguished Alexander Hamilton, drove the first cattle to Green Bay, for the use of the troops there. Mary C. Irwin afterwards Mrs. Mitchell, daughter of Robert Irwin and wife, was the first American child born in what is now Wisconsin ; her mother (Mrs. Irwin) was from Erie, Pa. Charles Doty, son of Judge Doty, was probably the first American male child born within the boundaries of the State. A treaty with the Indians was made at St. Louis, November 3rd, 1804, in which Southern Wisconsin was purchased, but certain lands were relinquished to them again in 1816, except ing nine miles Bquare around Prairie du Chien. In 1817 a treaty of peace and friendship was made with the Menomonees, at St. Louis, and in 1826, at the same place, one with the Chippewas ; both of which afterward received amendments ; an d in 1829 a treaty was made with the Winnebagos, at Prairie du. Chien. The Oneida and Stockbridge Indians settled near Green Bay in 1821, and in the subsequent year purchased lands in that vicinity. Early travelers in the territory found the Chippewas on lands near Lake Superior, and even then they were at war with the Sioux or Dacotah Indians, located at the head waters of the Mississippi. The Kickapoos, Mascontens, Menomo nees, Miamis, and Winnebagos, were also residents here ; and later came the Fox, Sauk, and Potawatomies. Little Crow, the head chief of the Sioux Indians, and his son Little Crow, were 26 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fiimous Indians here; and for once assisted the English, in 1813, in their war against the Americans. Black Hawk made his home in Wisconsin for many years. His possessions were first along the Rock River, in the southern part of the terri tory; and afterward farther north, in Columbia County, extending westward to the Wisconsin River. In that part was the scene of the Black Hawk war. One of the distin guished chiefs known by the name Hole-in-the-day, was also a resident here. Oshkosh was another noted Indian of the territory. When the. Menomonee Indians came once to be without a chief, in consequence of the death of the last one in the hereditary male line, Oshkosh was selected by Governor Cass and Colonel McKinney to be the head chief. For many years previous to his death, he came frequently, and with much delight, to the village, afterward the city called by his name. At Milwaukee (the Indian name being Manawahkiah) Jacques Vieux settled in 1816, and September 14th, 1818, Solomon Juneau established a trading post there, but not till 1835 did the settlement of the place fully commence, and G. W. Jone3 was that year elected a delegate to Congress. The first legislature of the territory convened at Belmont, October 25th, 1836, and the seat of government was established at Madison, December 3d, the same year. Belmont is situated in Lafayette County, in the south-western part of the State, and took its name from Belle Mountain, a high and beautiful spot near it. The Territorial Legislature passed a vote for a State Government, April 4th, 1846; Congress authorized such a government, August 6th, and a territorial Convention adopted a State Constitution, December 16th, the same year. In April, the following year, that Constitution was rejected by a vote of the people, and a new one was adopted in Convention, February 1st, 1848, and by the people the next month, March 13th, when Wisconsin became the thirtieth of the Union of States, the seventeenth admitted under the federal Consti tution. The French had governmental possession here ninety-three years, from 1670 to 1763. From the last date to 1794, thirty- one years, the British had possession and rule. After that, the State of Virginia held claim until she ceded all the " terri- EARLY ORGANIZATIONS. 27 tory north-west of the Ohio River" to the United States, and Wisconsin was a long time under the Territorial Government established in Ohio. In 1800, July 4th, the Indiana Territory was organized, and Wisconsin was embraced in it until 1809, when Illinois Territory was organized, including Wisconsin ; and when Illinois became a State, April 18th, 1818, Wiscon sin was attached to Michigan Territory, which was organized January 11th, 18051 ' Li this relation she continued eighteen years, until July 4th, 1836, when the " Territory of Wisconsin" was organized, and Henry Dodge appointed Governor. As Dr. Lapham remarks, "Within the space of one hundred and sixty-six years, Wisconsin has been successively ruled by two kings, one State (Virginia), and four Territories. Wisconsin once embraced all that territory between the Mackinaw Straits and Lake Superior. But a difficulty arising between Ohio and Michigan, relative to the boundary line in the vicinity of Toledo and the Manmee River, Congress settled the question by giving Ohio all she wanted, and compensating Michigan by a grant of all she now possesses beyond her own peninsula, a large extent of country naturally belonging to Wisconsin. There was also a political motive at the time to bring Michigan into the Union. Furthermbre, when the North-Western Territory was ceded by Virginia, that State made the stipulation that among the States which might thereafter be formed from the territory, the dividing line should run through the southern extremity of Lake Michigan. But when the State of Elinois was carved out, by some management it was arranged that her northern boundary should lie about sixty miles north of the stipulated line. Thus was Wisconsin deprived of the site of Chicago. Bv these methods she has suffered an improper reduction of her size at each end, her loss being occasioned by the acquisi tiveness of her two sister States, Ohio and Blinois, and by some Congressional political schemes. Governor Doty at tempted in Congress to regain from Illinois the lost southern territory of Wisconsin, but in vain. CHAPTER II. WISCONSIN— EXTENT, GROWTH, AND PROSPERITY. LOCATION AND EXTENT. ELEVATION AND CLIMATE. LUMBER AND MIN ERALS. LANDS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS, STOCK, AND MANUFAC TURES. BANKS AND RAILROADS. VALUATION OP PROPERTY. POPU LATION AND ITS INCREASE. PUBLIC SCHOOLS, SCHOOL- FUNDS, AND CHILDREN. COLLEGES AND SEMINARIES. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. FUNDS FOR THE WAR. THE TROOPS THE STATE HAS FURNISHED J SERYICE PERFORMED; THE LOSS BY DEATH. THE EXTRA PAY TO SOL DIERS AND THEIR FAMILIES. Wisconsin is situated between latitude 42° 30' and 47° North, and longitude 87° 30' and 92° 30' West. The extreme ex tent of the State, both east and west, and north and south, is about three hundred miles. It contains about 56,000 square miles, or 35,840,000 acres. It is divided into fifty-eight counties. 1 The State stands on a high table, or plain, without being anywhere mountainous. The lowest part of its surface is that of Lake Michigan, which is five hundred and seventy-eight feet above the level of the sea. The descent of the Missis sippi river from Prescott, the northern point where it begins to bound the State on the west, through two hundred miles to the southern extremity, where it leaves the State, is on the average five inches per mile. At Portage City the Wisconsin and Fox rivers nearly touch each other. Their waters sometimes intermingle, and a canal joins them. Thence the Wisconsin descends westward and southward, in obedience to the valley of the Mississippi ; from that point the Fox descends northward, falling one hundred AGRICULTURE and manufactures. 29 and seventy feet from Lake Winnebago to Green Bay ; and the Rock river, rising in that part of the State, thence takea its rapid southern course. All this gives a fine conformation of country, and insures a healthy climate. The land is well divided between prairie and timber, both. plains and forests abounding in much beauty and grandeur. The pine regions yield immense quantities of lumber. The grains and grasses grow luxuriantly, and rich deposits of lead, and some copper and zinc, are found in parts of the State. Few States are capable of yielding such a variety of produc tions ; few are so well qualified by nature for becoming inde pendent of other parts of the world, if that were desirable. According to the United States Census of 1860, there were 3,746,036 acres of improved, and 4,153,134 acres of unim proved lands, and this indicates, says Dr. L^pham, " that only about one-fifth of the whole area of the State has been appro priated to farming purposes." Yet the yearly products — agricultural, mineral, and manufacturing — are immensely large, as those of 1864, according to the census of 1865, will show. As this work is so particularly for Wisconsin readers, it may not be amiss to give the complete list. Apples, 113,649 bushels, valued at $119,619; wheat, 1,063,- 338 acres, 8,842,466 bushels, $9,188,013 ; barley, 47,611 acres, 385,047 bushels, $416,432 ; rye, 54,001 acres, 430,028 bushels, $374,116; oats, 412,183 acres, 9,563,480 bushels, $4,515,809 ; buckwheat, 18,064 acres, 246,048 bushels, $177,605; corn, 307,837 acres, 7,210,434 bushels, $4,568,494; beans and peas, 11,850 acres, 168,577 bushels, $193,852 ; cloverseed, 583,778 pounds, $117,121 ; timothy and other grass seeds, 9,643 bush els, $35,472; flax, 58,770 pounds, $17,317; flaxseed, 14,608 bushels, $29,192; hemp, 20,439 pounds, $1,853; hay, 558,753 acres, 611,247 tons, $5,056,714; potatoes, 63,790 acres, 4,092,- 022 bushels, $1,779,754 ; butter, 10,302,728 pounds, $2,306,043; cheese, 1,097,808 pounds, $177,038; sorghum, 1,736 acres, yielding 17,802 pounds of sugar, valued at $2,215, and 138,607 gallons of molasses, $151,345 ; maple sugar, 764,518 pounds, $146,574; molasses, 33,586 gallons, $41,429; honey, 320,735 pounds, $78,665; grapes, 48,935 pounds, $7,946; wine, 16,031 gallons, $21,261 ; cattle and calves, on hand, 447,J 30 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. head, $6,459,526— slaughtered, 94,057 head, $2,358,320 ; hogs, on hand, 327,234 head, $1,144,565— slaughtered, 258,843 head, $4,984,965; horses and mules, 143,511 head, $10,069,150; sheep and lambs, on hand, 1,038,999 head, $2,550,802— slaugb> tered, 39,367 head, $129,375. Wool, 2,584,019 pounds, $1,915,248 ; woolen fabrics, 320,078 yards, $359,294; leather, 1,150 pounds reported, $882,260; boots and shoes, 240,158 pairs, $816,954; cotton goods, $19,360; paper, $396,565 ; linseed oil, 9,608 gallons, $13,949; whiskey, 396,871 gallons, $551,702; copper, $400, reported manufacturing valuation; iron, 2,154,944 pounds of pig, $128,456— castings, $470,384; lead, smelted, $272,900— raised, $783,209; earthen, ware, $48,220 — drain tile, 1000, $450; agricultural implements and machinery, $1,708,116 ; lumber, sawed, 223,810,452 feet, $2,588,846 ; shingles, 190,378,000 in number, $598,669 ; cabinet ware, $1,208,305 ; wagons, 6,473, $487,847; wood and willow ware, $622,414; capital invested in manufactures, $5,524,241 ; beer, 2,080 barrels, reported, $24,- 160 ; hops, 385,538 pounds, $135,127. The number of banks in the State October 1st, 1865, was twenty-one, with an aggregate capital of $801,000. The railroads reporting to the State are eight in number, having a total length af 1,638 miles. The capital actually subscribed for them was $33,849,473. Number of through passengers, 280,205 ; number of way passengers, 1,622,688. Amount re ceived for transportation, $10,139,517.69; amount received for passengers, $3,044,045.60 ; amount of taxes paid, $362,088.48. " Our railroads already within our own State draw the pro ducts from 28,000 square miles. This extent of country is capable of sustaining, at a moderate rate per square mile, more than two millions of people."* From 1840 to 1860, twenty years, the cereal crop of the State grew from 1,020,000 bushels to 56,051,000 bushels. The cereal crop of 1861 was 31,414,000 bushels greater than the whole of that of all the New England States. Our wheat crop of that year was 3,000,000 bushels greater than that of Ohio, New York, and all the New England States combined, for * Hon. E. D. Holton; November 22d, 1858. INCREASE OP POPULATION. 31 1860, and more than the entire wheat crop of Canada. The area of our farms is more than that of the entire State of Massachusetts. The value of our farming lands increased from $28,500,000 in 1850, to $131,000,000 in 1860. In 1850 we had 1,046,000 acres of lands under cultivation; in 1860, 3,746,036 acres. Our exports in 1840 were, in value, $53,000; in 1848 they had risen to $3,328,000; and in 1862, to upward of $20,000,000. The whole amount of taxable lands in the State, September 30th, 1865, was 17,563,316.52 acres, the aggregate valua tion of which was $91,453,693.54. : The aggregrate valuation of city and village property was $33,151,291.10.. The aggre gate valuation of all real property was $124,604,984.64. • The population in 1830 was only 3,245. Ten years later it had increased to 30,945. In 1850 it was 305,391, and in 1860, 776,455. The increase from 1830 to 1840 was 854 per cent. ; from 1840 to 1850, 887 per cent. ; and from 1850 to 1860, 154 per cent. No State of the Union ever before grew as fast in population for ten years, as Wisconsin did from 1840 to 1850. Illinois increased in that time only 79 per cent., and Iowa 346 per cent., although the latter State is only two years older than Wisconsin. From 1810 to 1820 Indiana gained 500 per cent. and from 1830 to 1840 Michigan increased 571 per cent. These two States make the nearest approach to the increase of Wisconsin — 887 per cent, from 1840 to 1850 — except Min nesota since that decade. The ratio of increase in the United States from 1850 to 1860, was only 35£ per cent. ; in the North-West, only 68 per cent. ; in Wisconsin, 150 per cent. ; and in Minnesota, '2,761 percent. Wisconsin is the second State in the Union distinguished for rapidity of growth.* By the census of 1865, the whole number of inhabitants was 868,937. Only 2,159 are enumerated as " colored,'* — less than one four hundredth part of the whole — and some of these may be Indian,s. The deaf and dumb persons are 183 males,* 123 females; the blind, 120 males, 78 females; the insane, 103 males, 106 females; the idiotic, 130 males, 75 females. Of all these unfortunate classes 917 are white, one is black, 536 * Hon. Thomas Whitney. 32 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. are natives of the United States, 50 of Great Britain, 83 of Ireland, 152 of Germany, 45 of Norway, and 51 of other countries. The provision of the State for public schools has been mag nificent, and will hand down immeasurable blessings to future generations. " The school fund is derived from the proceeds of sales of lands granted to the State by Congress, being the sixteenth section (or square mile) of every township (of thirty- six square miles each) in the State ; the grant of 500,000 acres, made on the admission of Wisconsin as a State, in 1848 ; one- fourth of the proceeds of the sales of swamp lands ; five per cent, on the proceeds of the sales of government lands ; and certain penalties, fines, and forfeitures." * The school fund income during the fiscal year ending September 30th, 1865, which was apportioned by the State Superintendent to the several counties of the State for the support of common schools, was $163,281.48. The normal school fund income for the same year, was $12,225.24. The State university fund income was $11,757.77. The number of children in the State in 1865, over four and under twenty years of age, was 335,582. The number of pupils who attended public schools was 223,067. The number of children who did not attend public schools was 112,515. The number of teachers employed was 7,532. The average wages of male teachers per month was $36.45, the average wages of female teachers, $22.24. The State school fund apportioned was $151,816.34; total amount expended during the year for the support of public schools, $1,036,068.57; cash value of school houses and sites, $1,669,770.06. An act of Congress, passed July 2d, 1862, donates to Wisconsin 240,000 acres of land for the purpose of establishing an agricultural college, in which it is intended to join a military education with other parts. Other educational institutions, designed for more advanced pupils, are Beloit College, at Beloit, founded in 1847 ; Law rence University, at Appleton, founded in 1849; the State University, at Madison, founded in 1851 ; Racine College, at Racine ; Ripon College, at Ripon ; Wayland University, at Beaver Dam ; Milwaukee Female College, at Milwaukee ; and other academies and ladies' seminaries of a high grade. * Dr. Lapham, in "New American Cyclopaedia." TROOPS FOR THE WAR. 33 The institution for the education of the blind, at Janesville, was opened in 1850, at which no charge is made for board or tuition to pupils from the State. The institution for the deaf and dumb, at Delavan, was established in 1852, at which no charge, for board and tuition is made to pupils from the State, between the ages of ten and thirty. The hospital for the insane, near Madison, received patients as early as 1860, though the buildings were incomplete, and are still needing enlargement. The whole number of patients in the institution in 1864, was two hundred and fifty-seven. The State Reform School, at Waukesha, was opened in 1860, where boys under fifteen and girls under fourteen years are received, and generally with much profit.* The farm contains seventy acres. The whole number of children in the school in the fiscal year ending in 1864, was two hundred and forty-five, of which number ninety were discharged during the year. The State prison, at Waupun, was established in 1851, at which about seven hundred convicts were admitted during the first ten years, and one hundred and twenty were in confinement there October 1st, 1864. Its inmates will always be lessened by a judicious, healthy education in our public schools. Governor Fairchild states, in his message to the legislature, January 11th, 1866, that there has been paid out of the State treasury for war purposes, since the beginning of the rebellion to the first day of January, 1866, not less than $3,900,000. Also, that there has been raised by counties, cities, and towns, for war purposes, up to June 1st, 1865, $7,752,505.67; and that the total expended by the State is $11,652,505.67, of which sum $762,403.09 has been reimbursed by the General Gov ernment. He also gives the following : The State has furnished, under all calls from the General .Government, fifty-two regiments of infantry, four regiments and one company of cavalry, one regiment (of twelve batteries) of heavy artillery, thirteen batteries of light artillery, one com pany of sharpshooters, and throe brigade bands, besides recruits for the navy and United States organizations, numbering in all 91,319, of which number 19,934 were volunteers, and 11,445 drafted men and substitutes. * The building of this institution was burned on the night of January 10th, of the present year, but will soon be rebuilt. 3 14 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. "The total quota of the State under all calls during the war is 90,116. 1 ' In the settlement of the accounts with the General Government, the State stands credited with 1,263 men, as an excess over all calls, a gratifying evidence of the devoted patriotism of the people of Wisconsin. " The total military service from the State has been about equal to one in every nine of the entire population, or one in every five of the entire male population, and more than one from every two voters of the State. ¦ "The losses, by deaths alone, omitting all other casualties, are 10,152, or about one in every eight in the service." Of the State expenditures for the fiscal year ending Septem ber 30th, 1865, the sum of $200,900.00 was for extra pay to soldiers, and the sum of $1,030,537.36 for extra pay to soldiers supporting families, a disbursement it were ungrateful and wicked ever to regret. The whole amount of State debt, as given by Governor Fairchild, in his message of January 11th, 1866, is as follows : State bonds held by individuals, $747,700 ; State bonds held by trust funds, $194,100; certificates of indebtedness, trust funds, $700,000 ; temporary loan from trust funds, $663,000 ; currency receipts issued by the treasurer, $359,753 ; total, $2,664,553. Of which there is due, to the school fund, $1,156,100; to the normal school fund, $313,000; to the university fund, $88,000 ; whole amount due trust funds, $1,557,100. The revenues of the State for the last fiscal year, were estimated as follows: Balance in State treasury, September 30th, 1865, $185,263.01; bank tax (estimated), $36,000; from railroads and insurance companies, $196,000; tax on suits, licenses, and boarding United States convicts, $4,500 ; trust funds available for war purposes, $200,000 ; State tax, $900,278.76; due from the United States, on war claims, probably to be paid the present year, $160,000 ; total revenues, $1,682,041.77. A score of years in Wisconsin has produced wonders; in a physical and intellectual sense a nation has been born in a day. The world's history has never seen the equal, unless in some other north-western State of the Union. But for rapidity and extent of growth, with the same amount of territory, it is be lieved that even the north-west can not produce another such example. CHAPTER III. SLAVERY, AS A CAUSE OF THE REBELLION. EARLY HISTORY OF AMERICAN SLAVERY. TESTIMONY OF THE REVOLU TIONARY FATHERS AGAINST IT. AN APOSTACY ON THE SUBJECT. ANTI-SLAVERY GUARANTEES BEPEALED. THREE ERAS OF LEGISLA TION. RE-OPENING OF THE SLAVE TSADE.-^-CORBUPTING AND DES POTIC POWER OF SLAVERY. There can be no thorough acquaintance with any subject without understanding its causes. Before the outbreak of the rebellion, our country was in general enjoying a great degree of secular and social prosperity. Why the rebellion arose, producing such a wonderful change in the avocations of so ciety and the relations of man to man, is a question that will not be passed by. It will be examined and discussed until the thoughts of men are settled into nearly one opinion. There are two legitimate modes of investigating this or any other subject. One begins with the effects, and traces back to a cause ; the other commences with some supposed causes, and ascertains whether they have produced the effects. It will be in vain, at least in the outset, to assume that slavery has no relation to the causes of the rebellion. Old as this nation is, it is singular that the history of slavery has been no better understood. History always has instruction. He who studies it will acquire wisdom. Some one has suggested that history- is God's' commentary on the deeds of man. The history of slavery shows what the Almighty thinks of it. No complete knowledge of the late war can be gained without a review of the history of slavery in this country. Slavery existed in America before its discovery by Colum- 36 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. bus. In Mexico, then the most removed from the savage state except Peru, the system of slavery was a special subject of legislation. The greater portion of the world then accepted of slavery. But the traffic in slaves had for some time been diminishing. In European countries there was not a wide disposition to import and employ African slaves, as their labor there was not deemed very profitable. But the discovery and opening of America gave a new field for the extension of this institution, and the English, the French, the Dutch, the Span iards, and the Portuguese, eagerly engaged in the trade that should supply the new world with slave labor. Even royalty lusted with desire to share in the profits. Queen Elizabeth is charged with receiving a portion of the gains made by Sir John Hawkins, the first Englishman who commanded a regu lar slayer. Charles H. and James LL were members of one of the four English companies chartered under the Stuarts for the purpose of carrying on the African slave trade. The first slaves brought to the territory afterwards occupied by the original thirteen States, were sold from a Dutch vessel at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1620, the same year that the pilgrim refugees from religious bondage landed on Plymouth Rock. Slavery was early introduced into most parts of the country. The Indians were enslaved as well as negroes. The son of King Philip was sold as a slave. Previous to 1776, it is sup posed that 300,000 African slaves had been brought to the colonies. Some of the colonies had remonstrated against the introduction of more slaves, but were overruled by the mother country. The continental Congress passed a law in the year of the declaration of Independence, and in accordance with its spirit, forbidding the introduction of more slaves ; but so un willing are mankind to give up all their sins, that when the Constitution was adopted, 1788, it was forbidden to terminate the slave traffic before the year 1808. Vermont abolished slavery in 1777, before she was admitted to the Union. Georgia prohibited the slave trade in 1798. The " United States were at that time in advance of other nations in the spirit of opposition to slavery. Our nation began her history with a general aversion to slavery, and this feeling prevailed quite as much or more at the South, in some parts, than in EARLY HISTORY OF AMERICAN SLAVERY. 37 portions of the North. Some of the Southern States abolished the slave trade, while some Northern States still continued it. In 1787, the year previous to the adoption of the Constitution, an ordinance was passed excluding slavery from the north western territory ; and that was supported by Southern men. Indeed, when the nation began its existence, the most dis tinguished and more noble men all over the land regarded slavery as inconsistent with the principles of freedom adopted by the States, and on which they declared their independence, and as at war with the spirit and precepts of Christianity. They expected that before the shining, rising sun of intelli gence and prosperity, slavery would sink into more and more ugliness in the common view, and finally disappear forever. In testimony of this, call up that most honored of all names in American history, George Washington. In a letter to the distinguished Robert Morris, he declared in regard to slavery, " There is not a man living who wishes more sincerely than I do to see a plan adopted for the abolition of it, and this, so far as my suffrage will go, shall never be wanting." He wrote to Lafayette, commending him for his anti-slavery views and practice, and then said, " Would to God a like spirit might diffuse itself generally into the minds of the people of this country." To John F. Mercer he wrote, " It being among my first wishes to see some plan adopted by whi'ch slavery in this country may be abolished by law." His practice measur ably corresponded with his precepts. Washington could not bear to die and leave any whom he had held in the relation of slave still subject to that bondage. He emancipated them all by will, expressing his regret that he had not been able to effect that object in his lifetime. When Washington became the first President of the United States he was in sentiment an abolitionist, as the term was then used, and as it properly means still. Associated with him in that office was John Adams, as Vice-President, who had declared that " consenting to slavery is a sacriligious breach of trust." He was the second President. , Thomas Jefferson, the third President, as early as 1774, in a document which he laid before the convention of his own State (Virginia), affirmed that "the abolition of domestic slavery is the greatest object 38 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of desire in these colonies, where it was unhappily introduced in their infant state." , That immortal document drawn by his pen, the Declaration of Independence, affirmed that " all men are created free and equal, and endowed by their Creator with inalienable rights to life and liberty." Agam» those words have been almost too often quoted to bear repetition, in which Jefferson declared, "That he trembled for his country when he thought of her slavery, and remembered that God is just." How well he might have trembled had he known the terrible civil war to which slavery or some other cause has finally led ! In the debates on the adoption of the Constitution of this country, the fourth President, James Madison, said he " thought it wrong to admit in the Constitution the idea of property in man." A conspicuous name in our early history is that of Alexander Hamilton. He was a member and second president of the Manumission Society of New York, and signed a solemn petition for those, as it was expressed, who, " though free by the laws of God, are held in slavery by the laws of the State." John Jay, who was the first president of the New York Abolition Society, and was nominated by Wash ington, and appointed by Congress the first Chief Justice of the United States — John Jay held that slavery was an " ini quity," " a sin of crimson die," against which ministers of the gospel should preach, and Government seek in every way to abolish. " Were I in the legislature," he wrote, " I would present a bill for the purpose with great care, and I would never cease moving it till it became a law, or I ceased to be a member. Till America comes into this measure, her prayers to Heaven will be impious." In the national convention Gouverneur Morris, of Pennsylvania, most emphatically affirmed that he " would never concur in upholding do mestic slavery. It was a nefarious institution. It was the curse of Heaven." Another distinguished name of that day, who in his time stood at the head of the American bar, as Webster did in his, was Pinckney, of Maryland. He exclaimed in the House of Delegates of that State, "By the eternal principles of justice, no man in the State has a right to hold his slave for a single hour." And he went on to speak against slavery in a man- TESTIMONY OF REVOLUTIONARY FATHERS AGAINST IT. 39 ner that, fifty years afterwards, in any slave State, would have brought upon him a mob, perhaps would have doomed him to a coat of tar and feathers, or to a halter on the next tree. Maryland has finally done honor to the name of Wil liam Pinckney in adopting her anti-slavery constitution. The eloquent and immortal Patrick Henry, though himself a slave holder, instead of justifying his conduct and attempting to bolster up the institution, said, " I will not, I can not justify it. However culpable my conduct, I will so far pay my devoir to virtue as to own the excellence and rectitude of her precepts, and lament my want of conformity to them." He said, in his will, "I give to my slaves their freedom, to which my conscience tells me they are justly entitled." Concerning a conspicuous Northern man in Congress, he said, " Sir, I envy neither the head nor the heart of that man from the North who rises here to defend slavery upon principle." In 1775 was formed the Pennsylvania Abolition Society, still in existence a few years ago, of which Benjamin Franklin was the first president, and Benjamin Rush the first secretary. In 1790 that society sent a memorial to Congress, bearing the official signature of "Benjamin Franklin, President," praying that body to (£ devise means for removing the inconsistency of slavery from the American people," and to " Btep to the very verge of its power for discouraging every species of traffic in the persons of our fellow men;" and entreating that body " that it would be pleased to countenance the restoration of liberty to those unhappy men who alone, in this land of free dom, are degraded' into perpetual bondage." In 1787 Dela ware passed a law prohibiting the introduction of any "negro or mulatto slaves into the State for sale or otherwise;" and three years after that, a slave hired in Maryland, and brought into the State, was declared free under that statute. In 1787 the Synod of the Presbyterian Church, now called the General Assembly, in a pastoral letter to the churches they represented, " strongly recommended the abolition of slavery, with the in struction of the 'negroes in literature and religion." Such were the sentiments of the fathers of this nation. They had great weight in effecting the abolition of slavery in the seven northern of the thirteen original States. And abo- 40 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. lition societies existed in at least four of the remaining six, — viz., Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina, and in Kentucky and Tennessee, when they were formed. But the country was doomed to suffer an apostacy on this subject. Slowly, insidiously, there began to be a change. The state of society at the South, the absence of Puritan tastes and doctrines, and the existence of an old aristocratic sentiment there, the occupation of the people, and the climate of the territory, favored the continuance of slavery in the southern portion of the Union. But present profit was the mighty influ ence. It was convenient and promising to wealth to own laborers. The traffic in human beings became profitable. A slave child at the South commanded treasure in the market, while at the North it could hardly be given away. The slave trade at the South having been cut off in 1808, slave breeding there became a source of profit. The Southern people began to recede from the anti-slavery sentiments that attended the wisdom of their fathers. The invention of the cotton gin prodigiously increased the value of cotton, and that the value of slaves ; and thus that which was given as a blessing was perverted to a curse. Two distinguished orators of this country have recently declared, that the cotton gin was the leading instrument in effecting a change of sentiment on the subject of slavery, from that of the fathers. That truth now is generally admitted ; yet it is not a new argument. Twenty years ago the change of anti-slavery sentiment at the South was, here at the North, attributed by many to the agitations of Abolitionists ; but even then it was replied that the rise in the value of cotton was at the bottom of the reversion. How untrustworthy are the opinions of those who believe simply according to the profit — whose faith is in money and not principle! Slavery was planted in the original colonies chiefly through British influence and authority. It was to promote British commerce by giving wider extension to the execrable, nefarious slave trade. That was emphatically in the days of England's shame. For forty years the mass of the people in the colonies had resisted slavery, and prayed to be delivered from its curses; but the power of the maternal sovereign was too ANTI-SLAVERY GUARANTEES. 41 strong. When, at last, they set up for independence, it was the ardent hope of many that, gaining their own freedom, they would gain also freedom for their slaves. No doubt this hope in part led our fathers to march their slaves to the battle-fields, and led the slaves, many of them, to the first rank of heroes in those bloody combats. As soon as the war for indepen dence closed, the States began to move for the emancipation of their slaves. The reform was perfected in the North, but faltered and finally was reversed in the South. New territories arose, and the question of freedom or slavery ranged men on two sides. This extensive territory lying between the Ohio river on the south, and the great lakes on the north, and between the original Northern States on the east, and the Mississippi on the west — now known as the five States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin — was acquired by the general government from the States of Virginia, New York, and Connecticut. It was a choice land — the most grand area of the whole country. Should slavery be admitted there? That became a great question. Many wanted it. Virginia in particular might have claimed it, because a portion of the territory was once hers. But Thomas Jefferson, him self a Virginian, drew up an ordinance for the territorial government. One particular provision of it was, that after the year 1800, no slavery should exist in any of the States to be formed out of said territory, nor in any other States formed from territory then ceded, or to be afterward ceded, to the Union. But this article, in that full form, failed of being enacted, not because there was not a large majority of the people and dele gates in its favor, but because the majority was not large enough. If it had passed, and remained unrepealed, it would forever have put an end to the extension of slavery in this country. Alas ! there was some slave interest then as after ward, and some apathy and delusion then as since. How the monster might have been throttled and slain then in its in fancy ! Woe to those whose voices and votes were against it! That proviso against slavery was afterward, in 1787, applied to the territory north-west of the Ohio, and five noble, pros perous, great commonwealths were the fruit; and subsequently 42 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. they stretched out their mighty right arm against the rebellion, without which it could not have been crushed. When what is now the State of Tennessee was ceded to the Union, it contained slavery; and lest the anti-slavery senti ment of the country should abolish and exclude that institution there also, the slave interests of North Carolina deemed it necessary to make special stipulation that slavery be allowed to remain. That transaction shows that slavery propagandists did not then claim, as they afterward did, that their, institution should have traveling papers for free scope throughout all the territories. They knew that slavery was regarded as an enormity — they knew that she was such themselves. They knew that the great voice of the country was against her; they expected that at least she would be hampered, confined, per haps slain. The framing of the Constitution was in accordance with all this. The word " slave " or " slavery " was not allowed to enter it. Madison said, that the idea of property in man should find no place in the Constitution. That doctrine .prevailed. It was simply so constructed as not to annul or interfere with slavery in the States where it existed. Even the fugitive article was intended, as Daniel Webster himself once assented, only to allow slaveholders to pursue and arrest their runaway slaves, without making the general government, or the free States, at all responsible for the act. But, by and by, when the .Louisiana purchase was made, .comprising the large area west of the Mississippi, and reaching from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to the British posses sions on the north, the settled portions of that territory lay along against the slave States, and slavery, without agency or license from the gen eral government, had planted itself there in many sparse and almost unnoticed settlements. Silently, without attracting public attention, it continued to extend, until, when Missouri knocked at the door of the Union for admittance, she brought slavery with her. Then an attempt was made to carry out the original policy of the government, to limit human bondage and. exclude it from Missouri. But -slavery; like every other evil in the human heart or in human society, had deepened her root, and strengthened her trunk by sufferance. The growth of the sugar cane and the culture of THE PRO-SLAVERY APOSTACY. 43 cotton had become important interests with the slaveholding people ; they would not be satisfied with the gains of honest, well-paid toil ; they must swell their coffers by the sweat of bondage, and glut their covetousness by the sinews and souls of their fellowmen. The friends of freedom were disappointed and saddened by the opposition they met. They were over borne. Missouri came into the Union with slavery, but with the distinct compact, binding on allr that in the territory lying north of 36° 30' " Slavery and involuntary servitude, other wise than as the punishment of crimes, shall be and is hereby for ever prohibited." Then followed ten years of almost total silence on the subject. The friends of freedom were not awake. About 1830 there was a revival of anti-slavery interest, even in some of the Southern States. The debates in the Virginia Legislature at that time were eminently able, and replete with sound sentiments of freedom ; but the opposing party was too strong to effect a reform. Texas was acquired in 1845, at an expense of ten millions, and slavery was estab lished there, in defiance of the early principles of our own government, and of Mexican law that had before prevailed in that territory. That acquisition, according to Mr. Upshur, was to raise the price of slaves ; and it did, in Virginia, fifty per cent. It was also shamelessly claimed by many Southern ers, as extending the area of freedom, which extension was finally given in a way they little contemplated then. In 1848 California and New Mexico were added to our domain, chiefly through the ambition of the Southern people to extend their slave territory, and keep an even balance with the free States. But much to the chagrin of the South, California insisted on coming into the Union as a free State, while Utah and New Mexico, though free from slavery under Mexican law, were by United States statute left open to slavery. In 1850 the FugL- tive Slave law was passed, making the general government thfc minister of slavery, to pursue, catch, and return her fugitive slaves — an unconstitutional act, and a violation of the intenl of the founders of the government, who simply designed forbidding free States to enfranchise fugitives from slave States. In 1854 the Missouri compromise, most sacredly bind ing on the part of slaveholders and their abettors, both at the 44 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. South and the North, was repealed, and slavery was let loose upon the whole unorganized territory of the Union — a territory whose boundaries, then, were over three thousand miles, and its area 500,000 square miles — susceptible of division into twelve States, each as large as Ohio. The first section of that territory which came under the creative and fashioning hand of civilization was Kansas. Emigrants from free States flocked in to become peaceable resi dents there, and to be among the first citizens of the new State soon to be organized. The slave party perceived that the coveted area they had marked out for human bondage, was in danger of being consecrated to freedom. They had not a sufficient number of peaceful, industrious citizens to send there and outvote the servants of liberty, and therefore armed men from a border State to go into the new territory, and without gaining residence there, or intending to do so, eject all the judges of elections that refused to do their bidding, and install others in their places ; go to the ballot box themselves, and thrust in as many votes as would give their side a majority ; and with violence, grossest fraud, and bloodshed, inaugurate the " Border Ruffian Legislature." A majority of the free settlers refused to acquiesce in this usurpation, and called a convention, appointed a delegate to Con gress, and asked to be admitted as a State. The House of Rep resentatives appointed a special committee to visit Kansas and examine into the difficulties there, whose majority reported in favor of the free State citizens. The House finally passed a bill to receive the Territory as a State, but it was summarily defeated by the Senate. Then followed a struggle of years over the Kansas question, slavery and its friends wishing to admit her to the Union, if she would come as a slave State, and refusing to receive her as a free State. Finally, on the very day that Jefferson Davis, Clement C. Clay, and others, left their seats in Congress to openly join the rebellion, Gov ernor Seward called up in the Senate a bill to admit Kansas, which was promptly passed by that body, and a week later by the House. But going back to the inception of Kansas difficulties, we find the slave power strong and terrible. Events move on. The THREE ERAS OP LEGISLATION. 45 contest deepens. Troubles thicken. There is the Dred Scott decision added to the rest, by which it is declared that all restrictions on the diffusion of slavery in all territories of the Union are illegal — that even free negroes can not be citizens of the United States — that at the time of the declaration of Independence and the adoption of the Constitution, they were regarded, and must still be considered, " beings of an inferior order, ami altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations"— that then they " had no rights which the white man was bound to respect," and have none now. There comes also the Ostend manifesto, Messrs. Buchanan, Mason, and Soule, three United States envoys in Europe, at London, Paris, and Madrid, respectively, meeting at Ostend, in Belgium, by direction of President Pierce, to deliberate on the acquisition of Cuba, by force, if not by purchase, and that, in order to promote the security of slavery and keep the equilibrium of slave States. And there was pending still another case in the United States Court, by whose decision it was anticipated that slaveholders would be allowed to carry their slaves where they wished in any free State, and still retain them as property, if yet claiming citizen ship in a slave State. By this time the slave power becomes rampant. It will brook no restraint. It is impatient to open its plot for a sepa rate government — one where the "greasy mechanics" and "mudsills of the North" shall have no authority to hinder the career of slaveholding gentlemen. The free voters of the North are becoming incorrigible. The Southern leaders even wish for an election, and a President that will decide against the further extension of slavery, to give them a pretext for seces sion. They have it, and the Confederacy leaps into pretended existence, and the war is begun. Tracing thus the historic page of our land, we find that with the nation slavery has attempted what with the slaves it com mitted — brought them into bondage. This has been the aim and act of slavery, to bring the whole people of the land into subserviency and support of itself. Despotism with slaves, it was despotism everywhere. Three clearly defined steps mark the legislative action of 46 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. this country on the subject of slavery. In the beginning all was for restriction. The common territory, unoccupied by State jurisdiction, was all dedicated to freedom for ever. This was the action of the Fathers in 1787, and this was re-enacted in 1789. President Madison, the honored expounder of the Constitution, said the Constitution was formed in order that the Government might save herself from the reproaches, and her posterity from the imbecilities, which are always Sttendant upon a country filled with slaves. The ancient General Lee, of Virginia, said the Constitution had done as much as it ought to, but he lamented that it had not contained some pro vision for the gradual abolition of slavery. One third of a century passes. The second stage of legisla tive action opens in 1820, when the same question in regard to slavery in the territories comes up again. Witness the apos- tacy of those thirty-three years ! Half the territory — enough for a kingdom — is given to slavery, in order to secure the other half to freedom. What a change ! Still the right of the General Government to legislate in regard to slavery in the territories was not then denied, but universally assumed. Monroe was President when the Missouri Compromise passed. He, by signing that bill, sanctioned restrictions on slavery in the territories by the General Government. So did his whole Cabinet sanction it — John Quincy Adams, William II. Craw ford, Smith Thompson, John C. Calhoun, and William Wirt. Nearly every President of the nation has sanctioned the principle of restricting slavery by the General Government, among them Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Polk. Another third of a century passes. In 1854 the Missouri compromise is repealed. The half given and guaranteed to freedom in 1820, was then taken back, and this on the ground that the General Government has no authority to meddle with slavery in the territories — the common property of the nation. Another stride in apostacy ! Then slavery marches forth to plant herself in new States. She must have more political power in the Union. And with every new slave State the representation of slave property by slaveholders is extended and the crushed millions are made to vote their own bondage and the perpetuity of slavery to their children and children's THREE ERAS OF LEGISLATION. 47 children. Arid in the third historic stage it is sought to re-open the slave trade, to acquire more slave territory, even by the forcible possession of another nation's soil, and to give the slaveholder the right of going where he pleases with his slaves, even into free States, and still have over him and his slave property, the aegis of protection of the General Govern ment. And yet the Southern leaders, not satisfied to trust always to such national apostate and degenerate steps, secretly plan and treasonably act to prepare the way for secession. They purposely produce division among their own supporters, to manufacture a pretended occasion for their open treason, which they hypocritically find in the election of a Northern President, pledged to the restriction of slavery in the terri tories. Their step of rebellion is taken — they are first to arm themselves, and first to shed blood. All these swarms of iniquities, clustering .and hanging upon the nation like the vermin of Egypt, were the prolific effects, at least in part, of the same cause — slavery. The apostacy of the South from the doctrines of the fathers, on the subject of slavery, and her own estimate of the impor tance of the institution, are made very clear from their own writings. Several years before the outbreak of. the rebellion the Richmond Examiner held the following language : There is no intelligent man of any party or section of the United States, who does not know or feci that the question of slavery is the vital question of this Republic, — more important in its bearings upon the destiny of the American people than all other questions, moral, political, and religious, combined. In 1855 Senator Mason, of Virginia,' in a published letter, strenuously advocated slavery for the South, assumed that it was convenient and best for them, and therefore justifiable, and employed these words: "We are satisfied not only to retain it (slavery), but, as far as we can by fundamental law, to insure its perpetuation among us." George Washington had said before him, " It is among my first wishes to see some plan adopted by which slavery in this country may be abolished by law." Who was the heretic? Who the apostate? 48 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. About the year 1854, a Southern writer published an article in the Church Review a periodical of the Protestant Episcopal Church, in which he held this language : The agitation of this question (slavery), has caused the subject to be investigated, and the effect of this investigation is the opinion now widely prevailing among the Southern people, that slavery, as it exists among them, is neither a great moral, national, nor political evil, but that the institution is a wise and benevolent one, and has the undoubted sanction of Holy Writ. Li the year 1853, the Presbyterian Synod of Mississippi adopted a report on the subject of slavery which maintained that "the Bible does not forbid the holding of slaves, and that it was tolerated in the primitive church." The Rev. Dr. Bachman, pastor of a Lutheran church in Charleston, South Carolina, a man of considerable science and learning, especially in the department of natural history, declared in published writings, that "their [the South' s] defence of slavery is contained in the Holy Scriptures," and assumed that in that conclusion there was a unanimity of sentiment at the South. RE-OPENING OF THE SLAVE TRADE. The African slave trade was abolished by the United States Government in 1808. But the apostacy on the subject of slavery went so far, that for several years previous to the rebellion, the trade was both secretly and openly renewed, and much discussion was had at the South in regard to repealing the law that forbade it. Cargoes of slaves were frequently landed in the United States, along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans papers announced the sailing of vessels for Africa, and contained accounts of the latest arrivals of Congo negroes. Advertisements offered three hundred dollars a head for every thousand negroes from Africa, landed on the southern coast of the United States. The Richmond Reporter (Texas), about the beginning of 1860, contained the following advertisement : For Sale — Four hundred likely African negroes, lately landed upon the ooast of Texas. Said negroes will be sold upon the most reasonable torms. One-third down ; the remainder in one and two years, with eight per oent. interest. For further information inquire of C. K. 0., Houston, or L. R. G., Galveston." RE-OPENING OF THE SLAVE TRADE. 49 The Memphis Avalanche, of about the same date, had the following: Three of the six native Africans brought here a few days since were sold yesterday at the mart of Mr. West, and brought, respectively, $750, $740, and $515. The latter sum was paid for a boy about fifteen years old, who seemed to possess more intelligence than any of the others. These negroes are a part of the cargo of the yacht Wanderer, landed some months since. An eminent and long-tried missionary of the American Board affirmed that there could not be less than one hundred American vessels on the African coast, at the date of his writing, waiting to be freighted with slaves, and that at least sixty or seventy of them were destined to the American shores. Other missionaries testified that the African slave trade was on the increase. Rev. Messrs. B'ushnell and Walker, of the Gaboon .mission, agreed in the statement that all the mission aries on the coast of Africa, from the entire Christian world, were not equal in number to the slave ships from the port of New York alone, that yearly visited that coast for slaves. The reopening of the slave trade was fast being made a political question at the South. Candidates for high offices were often tested as to their orthodoxy on the African com merce in slaves. William L. Yancey, writing for the press from Montgomery, Alabama, said : Further reflection has but confirmed me in the opinion then expressed, that the federal laws prohibiting the African slave trade, and punishing it as piracy, are unconstitutional, and are at war with the fundamental policy of the South, and therefore ought to be repealed. I am further satisfied that the agitation of this question is beneficial. It has already served to develop (not to create) much unsoundness in our midst upon the question of slavery ; and one of the advantages of discussion would be to correct these erroneous views, and to warn our people of those among us who are radi cally unsound upon the principles which underlie that institution. It is wisdom to ascertain wherein we are weak, that we may fortify our position upon that point, and use extra vigilance. Until within the last twenty-five or thirty years, there had prevailed an un broken calm in the South upon the moral aspect of the slavery question. Takin» its rise in the wild and reckless radicalism of the Red Republican French school, the opinion had rooted itself in Virginia, and thence had spread over the whole South — and was taught in its religion — that slavery was morally wrong, was founded in kidnapping, and conducted in cruelty ; and it was defended solely upon the ground that it was impracticable to get rid of it. It was in the midst of this 4 50 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. unhealthy state of the public mind that the federal laws declaring the African slave trade to be piracy, were enacted. For one, I am unwilling to see continued on the statute book the semi-abolition laws, but desire to see the subject of slavery taken from the grasp of the General Government, and that Government only be allowed to act upon it to protect it. Whether the African slave trade shall be carried on should not depend on that Government, but upon the will of each slaveholding State. To that tribunal alone should the question be submitted, and by the decision of that tribunal alone should the Southern people abide. Jefferson Davis, at about the opening of 1860, in a speech at Jackson, Mississippi, said : If considerations of public safety or interest warranted the termination of the [slave] trade, they could not justify the Government in branding as infamous the source from which the chief part of our laboring population was derived. It is this feature of the law which makes it offensive to us, and stimulates us to strive for its repeal. He was sensitive under the existence of our treaty with Great Britain, by which we were obligated to keep a squadron on the African coast for the suppression of the slave trade. Relative to that he said : My friend, Senator Clay, of Alabama, (his services entitle him to the friendship of the South,) as Chairman of the Committee of Commerce, instituted at the last session of Congress, an inquiry into the facts connected with the maintenance of our squadron on the coast of Africa, and I hope his energy and ability may lead to the amendment of a treaty which has been productive only of evil, i Mr. L. W. Spratt, of Charleston, in an address at a recep tion given him in Savannah, spoke as follows : But it is said we may not stoop to a measure forbidden by the law. It is not for us, so vested with the trusts of a great destiny, to scruple at the necessary means to its attainment. Situated as we are, we cannot abrogate the law ; and must we then forego our destiny for want of the legal means to its achievement ? Col. William B. Gaulden, on the evening of September 21st, 1859, delivered an address at Waresboro, Georgia, at the con clusion of which the following preamble and resolution were adopted by the meeting : In consequence of the high price of labor, the agricultural interests of the South are in a languishing condition : therefore, Resolved, That in order to obtain the requisite supply, all laws, State and Fed eral, forbidding the slave trade, ought to be repealed. The Sea Coast Democrat, Mississippi, learned from good authority, MR. DAVIS' INAUGURAL. 51 t That a cargo of African slaves is expected in the Ship Island harbor the latter part of the present month. They will, if they arrive safe, be landed without any attempt at secrecy, the consignees trusting to the sentiment predominant in Missis sippi, as to the necessity of increasing the number of laborers, for a triumphant ac quittal, in the event of a Government prosecution. Ex-Governor Adams, of South Carolina, in a letter read on the occasion of a dinner given to Senator Chesnut, laid down the three following propositions as " undeniable truths :" First, that the acts of Congress against the slave trade are a brand upon us, and ought to be repealed. Second, that if slavery is right, the traffio in slaves ought not to be confined by degrees of latitude and longitude. And third, if it is right to hold in servitude the slaves we now have, it is right to procure as many more as our necessities require. Mr. MeRae, a Mississippian, held the following doctrine : I am in favor of re-opening the trade in slaves with Africa. I see no difference, morally, socially, or politically, in buying a slave in Africa, the original source of our supply, and buying one in the home market of our slaveholding States. It must be acknowledged that these men, on this subject, were logical and consistent. Holding to the traffic in slaves in America, they might as well hold to it between Africa and America. Holding that American slavery was just, they could as well hold that there should be no law against the slave trade. But how had they departed from the doctrines of the fathers ! Such a change of sentiment inevitably led to shock ing results. Mr. Davis, in his inaugural, after being elected President of the Confederacy, cautiously indicated that there was a dif ference in the state of society between the South and North, which became a cause of the separation, and that that differ ence pertained to slavery. His language is this : With a Constitution differing only from that of our fathers in so far as it is ex planatory of their well-known intent, freed from sectional conflicts, which have in terfered with the pursuit of the general welfare, it is not unreasonable to expect that the States from which we have parted may seek to unite their fortunes to ours under the government which we have instituted. For this your Constitution makes adequate provision ; but beyond this, if I mistake not, the judgment and will of the people are that union with the States from which they have separated is neither practicable nor desirable. To increase the power develop the resources, and promote the happiness of the Confederacy, it is requi site there should be so much homogeneity \hat the welfare of every portion 52 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. should be the aim of the whole. Where this does not exist, antagonisms are engendered, which must and should result in separation. But Alexander H. Stephens, the Vice President of the Con federacy, boldly set forth the difference of the two systems of society in a slave and a free country, in a speech made at Savannah, March 21st, 1861. It is so marked and pointed in its character, and so unequivocally declares that slavery was the immediate cause of the rupture and revolution between the North and the South, that it deserves full selections in this place, and should always hereafter be familiar to every reader of American history. SPEECH OF A. H. STEPHENS. But, not to be tedious in enumerating the numerous changes for the better, allow me to allude to one other — though last, not least : the new Constitution has put at rest forever all,, the agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution — African slavery, as it exists among us — the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. This was the immediate cause of the late rupture and the present revolu tion. Jefferson in his forecast had anticipated this, as the "rock upon which the old Union would split." He was right. What was conjecture with him is now a realized fact. But whether he comprehended the great truth upon which that rock stood and stands may be doubted. The prevailing ideas entertained by him and most of the leading statesmen at the lime of tlie formation of the old Constitution were, that the enslavement of the African was in violation of the laws of nature ; thai it was wrong in principle, socially, morally, and politically. It was an evil they knew not well how to deal with ; but the general opinion of the men of that day was, that somehow or other, in the order of Providence, the institution would be evanescent and pass away. This idea, though not incorporated in the Constitution, was the prevailing idea at the time. The Constitution, it is true secured every essential guarantee to the institution while it should last • and hence no argument can be justly used against the constitutional guarantees thus secured, because of the common sentiment of the day. Those ideas, however were fundamentally wrong. They rested upon the assumption of the equality of races . This was an error. It was a sandy foundation ; and the idea of a government built upon it — whan the storm came and the wind blew, it fell. Our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite ideas; its founda tions are laid, its corner stone rests upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to tlie white man ; that slavery, subordination to the superior race, is his natural and nor mal condition. [Applause.] This, our new Government, is tlie first in the his- tory of tlie world based upon this great physical, philosophical, and moral truOi. This truth has been slow in the process of its development, like all other truths in the various departments of science. It is so, even amongst us. Many who hear me, perhaps, can recollect well that this truth was not generally admit ted, even within their day. The errprs of the past generation still clung to many so late as twenty years ago. Those at the North who still cling to these errors A. H. STEVENS' SPEECH. 53 with a zeal above knowledge, we justly denominate fanatics. All fanaticism springs from an aberration of the mind — from a defect in reasoning. It is a species of in sanity. One of the most striking characteristics of insanity, in many instances, is forming correct conclusions from fancied or erroneous premises ; so with the anti- slavery fanatics — their conclusions are right, if their premises are. They assume that the negro is equal, and hence conclude that he is entitled to equal privileges and rights with the white man. If their premises were correct, their conclusions would be logical and just ; but their premises being wrong, their whole argument fails. I recollect once of having heard a gentleman, from one of the Northern States, of great power and ability, announce in the House of Representatives, with imposing effect, that we of the South would be compelled ultimately to yield upon this subject of slavery ; that it was impossible to war successfully against a prin ciple in politics, as it was in physics or mechanics — that the principle would ultimately prevail — that we, in maintaining slavery as it no w exists with us, were warring against a principle — a principle founded in nature — the principle of the equality of man. The reply I made to him was, that, upon his own grounds, we should succeed ; that he and his associates in their crusade against our institutions would ultimately fail. The truth announced, that it was as impossible to war suc cessfully against a principle in politics as in physics and mechanics, I admitted, but told him it was he and those acting with him who were warring against a prin ciple. They were attempting to make things equal which the Creator had made unequal. In the conflict thus far success has been on our side complete, throughout the length and breadth of the Confederate States. It is upon this, as I have stated, our social fabric is firmly planted ; and I cannot permit myself to doubt the ultimate success of a full recognition of this principle throughout the civilized and enlight ened world. As I have stated, the truth of this principle may be slow in development, as all truths are aud ever have been, in the various branches of science. It was so with the principles' announced by Galileo. It was so with Adam Smith, and his principles of political economy. It was so with Harvey, and his theory of the cir culation of the bloo'd. It is stated that not a single one of the medical profession living at the time of the announcement of the truths made by him admitted them. Now they are universally acknowledged. May we not, therefore, look with confi dence to the ultimate universal acknowledgment of the truths upon which our system rests? It is the first government ever instituted upon principles in strict conformily with nature and the ordination of Providence, in furnishing the materials of human society. Many governments have been founded upon the principle of enslaving certain classes ; but the classes thus enslaved were of the same race, and their enslavement in violation of the laws of nature. Our system commits no such vio lation of nature's laws. The negro by nature, or the curse against Canaan, is fitted for that condition which he occupies in our system. The architect, in the construc tion of buildings, lays the foundation with the proper material — the granite — then comes the brick or the marble. The substratum of our society is made of the material fitted by nature for it ; and by experience we know that it is the best, not only for the superior, but for the inferior race, that it should bo so. It is, indeed, in conformity with the Creator. It is not for us to inquire into the vjisdom of his ordinances, or to question them. For his own purposes ho has mado one race to differ from another, as he has made " ono star to differ from another in glory." 54 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The great objects of humanity are best attained when conformed to His lawa and decrees — in the formation of governments, as well as in all things else. Our Confederacy is founded upon principles in strict conformity with these laws. This stone, which was rejected by the first builders, " is become the chief stone of the cor ner" in our new edifice. [Applause.] I have been asked, What of the future ? It has been apprehended by some that we would have arrayed against us the civilized world. I care not who or how many they may be ; when we stand upon the eternal principles of truth, we are obliged to and must triumph. [Immense applause.] No one, after taking a candid review of American slavery, and of the American apostacy in regard to it — no one, after reading the foregoing address of Mr. Stephens, and consider ing his important position at the South and in the so-called Confederacy, can doubt for a moment that slavery was a pri mal if not the sole cause of the rebellion. Slavery, in its nature, is such that it necessarily becomes the contaminator of private and public morals. It breeds caste, pride, and despotism; it stupefies the conscience, perverts the judgment, and promotes falsehood, perjury, cruelty, and trea son. Slavery, that gives the lie to the very doctrines that brought us as a nation into existence; that denies the reality of human rights ; that proclaims that all men are not of one blood, and so takes its stand against Holy Writ; slavery, that breaks up the family relation, and abrogates marital and parental rights ; that denies the printed page of the Word of God to three and a half millions, and shuts them away from all the avenues, and even by-ways and lanes, to human know ledge; slavery, the most high-handed and extensive system of fraud and robbery ever known in a world of sinners for six thousand years, wresting alike from the weak and the strong the hard earnings of honest hands, and by violence and all the barricaded powers of law wrenching away the rights of millions to themselves ; slavery, that sprinkled all the equa torial Atlantic with the black ships of piracy in human bodies and souls, and joined hands with the barbarian kings of Africa to reduce God's freemen to bondage, and drag them away from home and kindred to compulsory and unpaid servi tude in a foreign land ; such a system was equal to foment ing, preparing, and executing such a rebellion as that through which this nation has passed. CHAPTEK IV. STATE RIGHTS, AS RELATED TO THE REBELLION. JEFFERSON DAVIS' ARGUMENT FOB SECESSION. AN EXAMINATION OF IT. ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS' POSITION. TESTIMONY OF THE FRAMERS OP THE CONSTITUTION. THE ALIEN AND SEDITION OUTBREAK. THE HABTFORD CONVENTION. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION. THE INDIAN QUESTION IN GEORGIA. THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING. If the Constitution gives the right of secession to the States, then there has been no rebellion, and the war on the part of the United States Government to put down the so-called rebellion, has been wrong. Jefferson Davis, in his message to the Con federate Congress, January 12th, 1§63, in which he sought especially to justify secession to the states of Europe, offers no other plea for the seceding portion of the Union than that of State rights. His language is the following : In this connection, the occasion seems not unsuitable for some reference to the relations between the Confederacy and the neutral powers of Europe, since the separation of these States from the former Union. Four of the States now members of the Confederacy were recognized by name as independent sovereignties in a treaty of peace concluded in the year 1183, with one of the two great maritime powers of Western Europe, and had been, prior to that period, allies in war of the other. In the year 1718 they formed a union with nine other States under Articles of Confederation. Dissatisfied with that Union, three of them — Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia — together with eight of the State3 now members of the United States, seceded from it in 1189, and these eleven seceding States formed a second Union, although by the terms of the Articles of Confederation express provision was made that the first Union should be perpetual. Their right to secede, notwithstanding this provision, was never contested by the States from which they separated, nor made the subject of discussion with any third power. When, at a later period, North Carolina acceded to that second Union, and when, still later, the other sevrin States now members of this Confederacy, became also members of the same Union, it was upon the recognized footing of equal and independent sovereignties ; nor had it then entered into the minds of men that sovereign States could be compelled by force to remain members of a confederation into which they had entered of 56 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. their own free will, if at a subsequent period the defence of their safety and honor should, in their judgment, justify withdrawal. The experience of the past had evinced the futility of any renunciation of such inherent rights, and accordingly the provision for perpetuity contained in the Articles of Confederation of 1178 was emitted to the Constitution of 1789. When, therefore, in 1861, eleven of the States again thought proper, for reasons satis factory to themselves, to secede from the second Union, and to form a third one, under an amended Constitution, they exercised a right which, being inherent, required no justification to foreign nations, and which international law did not permit them to question. No better argument than this is set forth to justify seces sion. The best aspect is given to it that is possible. The argument needs some examination. 1. The recognition given to " four of the States, in a treaty of peace concluded in the year 1783," does not touch the question of their relation under the Constitution. We shall see what were their obliga tions under that instrument. 2. That the States became dissatisfied with the ineffectiveness. of their relation and powers " under Articles of Confederation," and sought and formed a closer union under the present Constitution, is no justification for violating the articles of that Constitution. 3. Even if the agreement, that the " first Union should be perpetual," was violated, that does not justify the violation of the articles of the " second Union." One act of treason never justifies a second. But, 4. None of the States ever seceded from the first Union. In passing from the Confederation to the Constitutional Union, they universally came into closer relations and cen tralized their power for the general and particular good. It was, in substance, an amendment of their Constitution — there was no secession about it. The first Union was never broken up, but more closely cemented. Mr. Davis knowingly or ignorantly falsifies history. President James Madison, in the Federalist, gives the State of New York the credit of having taken the first step which led to calling the convention that prepared the new Constitu tion. The paper adopted by the Legislature of that State proposes, not that the Confederation be broken up, but that certain " defects be without loss of time repaired," and " the powers of Congress extended." Next, the Governor and Legis lature of Massachusetts recommended a convention of dele- JEFF. DAVIS' ARGUMENT — AN EXAMINATION OF IT. 57 gates, " to consider and determine what further powers ought to be vested in Congress." On November 23rd, 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed an act for the appointment of delegates to meet deputies from other States, " to join with them in devising and discussing all such alterations and further provisions as may be necessary to render the Federal Con stitution adequate to the exigencies of the Union." In accordance with these and other recommendations the Con vention assembled, which prepared the document afterward duly adopted as the Constitution of the United States. Washington, as president of the Convention, in transmitting its proceedings and the new Constitution to the Congress of the Confederation, terms their deliberations and action as an endeavor to effect " the greatest interest of every true Ameri can — the consoUdMion of our Union." The preamble of the Constitution itself embraces the phraseology, " in order to form a more perfect Union," which forbids the idea that the old Union was dissolved. Washington does not speak as Mr. - Davis does, of a " first Union," and a " second Union," but of one Union to be consolidated. He had no thought of secession. There was nothing like " withdrawal " from the Union. As well say that the late constitutional amendment forever ex. eluding slavery, was preceded by a secession from the Union on the part of all the States that adopted it. Mr. Davis' repre sentations are so contrary to the truth that they seem to forbid all belief in his honesty. 5. Mr. Davis acknowledges that "by the terms of the Arti cles of Confederation express provision was made that the first Union should be perpetual." Since that Union has never been annulled, but " consolidated " and made " more perfect," it follows that it is binding still, and that attempted secession is treason. 6. That the States • are " equal," none deny. That they are " independent sovereignties," in the sense of being sovereign and superior to the Union, is untrue, for the reason that the Constitution expressly and repeatedly says, that " no State shall, without the consent of Congress, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, lay any imposts or duties," etc., etc. The Congress of the Union is superior to 58 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the State, except where the State has certain constitutional powers, among which is no article for secession. Mr. A. H. Stephens, who held the second place in the rebel Confederacy, said, in a speech at the South, that each State in the Union was, at the time of the adoption of the Constitu tion, left to her own choice whether to resume her sovereign and independent powers. 1. Admit that there was such general consent on the part of all the States, that does not justify secession where no such consent is given. 2. But it does not appear that there was any such liberty. H they had not adopted the new Constitution, the laws of the Confederation were still binding. 3. All the States did adopt the Constitu tion, and the question is, whether there was any reserved power to leave the Union. On this the testimony of such men as Washington, Madison, Hamilton, and others, principal actors in the formation and adoption of the Constitution, must be final. At one time, Hamilton, of New York, feared that his State would not accept of the Constitution without the reservation that she might recede from the Union if she sub sequently desired. He thought that if she once adopted the new plan of government she would never dislike it; and, accordingly, wrote hurriedly to Madison, inquiring if he regarded such an acceptance of the Constitution as allowable. Mr. Madison replied decidedly in the negative, saying that the Constitution must be adopted in toto, and forever, or it was no adoption. Hamilton himself wrote, in his day, that the " Union was a number of political societies entering into a larger political society, the laws of which the latter may enact." He argued conclusively that the government of the Union must be supreme over that of the States on all questions pertaining to the gov ernment of the whole, that the Union was not a treaty but a compact, and that if States could leave the nation at their own option, there would be nothing left " but the wretched miseries of unceasing discord." Patrick Henry for a long time opposed the adoption of the Constitution, but when he found the majority of his State, and of all the States, would probably be against him, he said, "HI shall be in the minority, I shall have those painful sensations which arise from a conviction of JEFF. DAVIS' ARGUMENT — AN EXAMINATION OF IT. 59 being overpowered in a good cause. Yet I icill be a peaceable citizen." With such a doctrine we never should have had treason. The Constitution was adopted originally by all the thirteen States, for the very purpose of forming a strong and sovereign government, something better and different from the weak and divided confederate condition that existed before. The question of adopting the Constitution was debated in all the States, on the very point as to whether they should have one sovereign general government, in which all should be united, by which all should be bound. And did the puerile idea then prevail, that any State, after enjoying at its leisure all the constitutional blessings of the Union through some dozens or scores of years, might, when it had fed itself sufficiently at the public expense, withdraw from the compact and set up a kingdom by itself, right in the heart, or on any verge of the Union ? Against such an absurd claim stands not only the authorities of the time of the adoption of the Constitution, but also those of every year since. Turning to the Constitution itself, does it contain the grant of power to secede from the Union ? Not one word of it. As well expect a clause in a marriage ceremony allowing the right of separation the next day. As well look for a clause in a note of hand releasing the giver from all obligation to pay the sum due, at his option. All the States united to form the Union — it will forever require them all to dissolve it, or to grant liberty to any State to leave it. Will it be claimed that the rebel States had a right of secession on the ground of the violation of the Constitution by the other States ? The rebel States themselves never seriously claimed it If any State does violate the Constitution, there is provided in that document itself a, judicial power, vested in one supreme court, which can decide (in the language of the Con stitution), " all cases of law and equity, arising under this Constitti- Hon." The very creation of such a court implies that there is no right of secession. It is expressly provided, that " all con troversies between two or more States, or between a State and citizens of another State, or between citizens of different States, shall be decided by the Supreme Court." J£ the South 60 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. had grievances, to that court should have been their appeal. Even the question of secession should have been decided there. If the right had been granted by that court, they could have gone ; otherwise not. There never was a clearer truth than that the Constitution gives no right of secession whatever. But what if they did secede? What if they did take up arms against the Government? What then does the Constitution say ? " Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort." What less than treason was firing on Fort Sumter ? What less than levying war against the United States ? There were four instances in the history of the nation, previous to the rebellion of 1861, when State rights were unwarrantably advocated as sovereign to the rights of the General Government. It will be instructive to examine them. THE ALIEN AND SEDITION OUTBREAK. The aid received from the French in the war of the Revolu tion, produced a strong sympathy in this country in their favor. Jefferson's long residence in France, as minister there, aided and enhanced that sentiment. When the French Revolution broke out, some French residents and their particular friends in this country grew violent, and determined that more aid should be given from these shores for the revolutionary party in that country. But the French Government had allowed their vessels to prey upon our commerce, and refused adequate remuneration for just claims. Some of our agents abroad had been insulted by their officials, and the offensive acts had not been disavowed by the appointing power. As a consequence, the Federalists, or party in office at that time in this country, were inclined to be watchful and strict against French influence and interference in our national affairs. John Adams being elected President in opposition to Jefferson, it was received in France as a non-recognition of their revolutionary govern ment, and their conduct then, in regard to our commerce and ministers, grew more offensive. THE ALIEN AND SEDITION OUTBREAK. 61 In this state of affairs Congress passed an act known as the "Alien" law. It empowered the President to compel all persons to leave the country whose presence here was deemed dangerous to the peace and safety of the United States. It was aimed expressly at French residents, and was limited to two years. Soon after an act passed Congress, called the " Sedition " law. First, it forbade all persons to conspire against the Gov ernment, or to promote any sedition, insurrection, or riot to hinder the execution of the laws; secondly, it forbade the publication of any false, scandalous, or malicious writings against the Government, the President, or Congress ; the first enactment having a penalty for offence of five thousand dollars, and the second of two thousand dollars. The passage of these bills was strongly opposed in Congress, and excited much opposition among the "Anti-Federalists " in the country. As a result, some resolutions, (the original draft of which is still preserved,) in Jefferson's hand-writing, were passed in the Kentucky Legislature, which contained the doctrine that the States have the right to pronounce upon the acts of Congress, both as to their legality and the mode of redress under its constitutional laws. This was really the doctrine of State rights, as sovereign over Congress, though embracing no thought of the right of secession. The Ken tucky senators and representatives were instructed to report these resolutions to Congress, and the Governor to forward a copy to the Legislature of each of the other States. Mr. Madison introduced soon after, December 24th, 1798, similar resolutions into the Legislature of Virginia, and the next month they were coupled with an address and sent to the several States ; but none of the other States responded favor ably to these documents. On the contrary, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, rejected the doctrine of the right of State Legislatures to pronounce on the validity of the acts of Congress. The constitutionality of its laws was to be decided by the United States Supreme Court. The Alien law was never put in force by the President, though some restless and perhaps dangerous Frenchmen left 62 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. our country in consequence of the enactment. Edward Everett says of the action of the Kentucky and Virginia Legislature : But the resolutions did their work — all they were intended or expected to do — by shaking the administration. At the ensuing election, Mr. Jefferson, at whose instance the entire movement was made, was chosen President by a very small majority ; Mr. Madison was placed at the head of his administration as Secretary of State ; the obnoxious laws expired by their own limitation ; and Mr. Jefferson pro ceeded to administer the government upon constitutional principles quite as lax, to say the least, as those of his predecessors. The Alien and Sedition laws were doubtless unnecessary for the actual safety of the country, and no conspicuous good ever resulted from them. The former was unexecuted, and the latter was little different from the common law of libel. On the other hand, the resolutions were doubtless designed simply as an expression of opinion, although announcing a dangerous doctrine relative to State authority. THE HARTFORD CONVENTION. In the Alien and Sedition controversy the Anti-Federalists trenched closely upon an unauthorized doctrine of State rights. According to the circular movement of affairs, so natural ~to human society, some Federalists in the noted Hartford Con vention, at least bordered full as much on the State-right heresy, and by their action there destroyed their own political party. The embargo act of 1809 interfered with the com merce of New England, and produced a strong opposition to the Government. The declaration of war against Great Britain, in 1812, intensified the dissatisfaction, and a " peace party," which threw unjustifiable obstacles in the way of the Government, was the result. The Massachusetts Legislature finally called for a convention to take measures for " some mode of defence suitable to those [the New England] States," against what were regarded as undue encroachments of the General Government. That action of the Legislature was earnestly opposed by many in that body and in the State, as tending toward treason. But a small convention was convened at Hartford, Connecticut, December 15th, 1814 ; twelve dele gates from Massachusetts, seven from Connecticut, four from SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION. 63 Rhode Island, two from New Hampshire, and one from Ver mont, having been appointed. Twenty of the twenty-six were lawyers. Their sessions were secret, and continued twenty days. Two weeks after their adjournment, their proceedings were published, and contain this passage : In cases of deliberate, dangerous, and palpable infractions of the Constitution, affecting the sovereignty of a State and the liberties of the people, it is not only" the right, but the duty of such State to interpose its authority for the protection, in the manner best calculated to secure that end. When emergencies occur which are either beyond'the reach of the judicial tribunals, or too pressing to admit of the delay incident to their forms, States which have no common umpire must be their own judges and execute their own decisions. This language was very similar to that of Jefferson's cele brated Kentucky resolutions of 1798, concerning the rights of States, which contain these words : As in other cases of compact between parties having no common judge, each party has an equal right to judge for itself, as well of infractions as of the mode and measure of redress. The mass of the people of New England herself condemned the action of the convention that had been held in one of her cities. It was regarded as disorganizing and dangerous. The opponents of the embargo and the war still more opposed the recommendations of the convention. That body never renewed its sessions; the reaction among the people was so great, that soon after no place would have been allowed for its further deliberations in New England. SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION. The central and Southern States indignantly opposed the Hartford Convention movement. But how soon South Carolina did worse, and Virginia, Georgia, and Alabama, took legis lative action in sympathy with her! The high protective tariff of 1828, on iron, hemp, wool, and other heavy or bulky com modities was the immediate exciting cause of the nullification movement in South Carolina. The want of prosperity at the South, really attributable in great degree to slavery, was charged by her citizens to the high protection on Northern staples. Mr. Hayne, United States Senator from South Caro- 64 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. lina, in the year 1830, pronounced the existing tariff unconsti tutional, and therefore not binding on the States. Daniel Webster, Senator from Massachusetts, made a reply to Mr. Hayne, which won high honor for himself, unanswerably refuted the State rights doctrine, and killed nullification for the time being. He said : " I understand the gentleman to maintain, that, without revolution, without civil commotion, without rebellion, a remedy for supposed abuse and transgression of the powers of the General Government lies in a direct appeal to the interference of the State Governments." Mr. Hayne here rose and said : " He did not contend for the mere right of revolution, but for the right of constitutional resistance. What he maintained was that, in case of a plain, palpable violation of the Constitution by the General Gov ernment, a State may interpose, and that this interposition is constitutional." Mr. Webster resumed : — " So, sir, I understood the gentleman, and am happy to find that I did not misunderstand him. What he contends for is, that it is con stitutional to interrupt the administration of the Constitution itself, in the hands of those who are chosen and sworn to administer it, by the direct interference, in form of law, of the States, in virtue of their sovereign capacity. The inherent right of the people to reform their government. I do not deny ; and they have another right, and that is, to resist unconstitutional laws, without overturning the Govern ment. It is no doctrine of mine that unconstitutional laws bind the people. The great question is, ' Whose prerogative is it to decide on the constitutionality or unconstitutionality of the laws ? On that the main debate hinges. The proposi tion that, in case of a supposed violation of the Constitution by Congress, the States have a constitutional right to interfere and annul the law of Congress, is the propo sition of the gentleman. I do not admit it. If the gentleman had intended no more than to assert the right of revolution for justifiable cause, he would have said only what all agree to. But I cannot conceive that there can be a middle course between submission to the laws, when regularly pronounced constitutional, on the one hand, and open resistance, which is revolution or rebellion, on the other. I say, the right of a State to annul a law of Congress cannot he maintained, but on > the ground of the inalienable right of man to resist oppression ; that is to say, upon tlie ground of revolution. I admit that there is an ultimate violent remedy, above the Constitution and in defiance of the Constitution, which may be resorted to when a revolution is to be justified. But I do net admit that, under the Constitu tion, and in conformity with it. there is any mode in which a State Government, as a member of the Union, can interfere and stop the progress of the general move ment, by force of her own laws, under any circumstances whatever. * * * Sir, the human mind is so constituted that the merits of both sides of a controversy appear very clear, and very palpable, to those who respectively espouse them ; and both sides usually grow clearer as the controversy advances. South Carolina sees unconstitutionality in the tariff ; she sees oppression there also ; and she sees danger. Pennsylvania, with a vision not less sharp, looks at the same tariff, and sees no such thing in it ; she sees it all constitutional, all useful, all safe. The faith of South Carolina is strengthened by opposition, and she now not only sees, SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION. 65 but resolves, that the tariff is palpably unconstitutional, oppressive, and dangerous ;' but Pennsylvania, not to be behind her neighbors, and equally willing to strengthen her own faith by a confident asseveration, resolves also, and gives to every warm affirmative of South' Carolina a plain, downright, Pennsylvania negative. South Carolina, to show the strength and unity of her opinion, brings her assembly to a unanimity, within seven voices ; Pennsylvania, not to be outdone in this respect any more than in others, reduces her dissentient fraction to a single vote. Now, sir, again I ask the gentleman, What is to be done? Are these Slates both right? If not, which is in the wrong? or, rather, which has the best right to decide? And if he, and if I, are not to know what the Constitution means, and what it is, till those two State Legislatures, and the twenty-two others, shall agree in its construc tion, what have we sworn to when we have sworn to maintain it? I was forcibly struck, sir, with one reflection, as the gentleman went on in his speech. Ho quoted Mr. Madison's resolutions* to prove that a State may interfere, in a case of deliberate, palpable, and dangerous exercise of a power not granted. The honor able member supposes the tariff law to be such an exercise of power ; and that, consequently, a case has arisen in whioh the State may, if it see fit, interfere by its own law. Now, it so happens, nevertheless, that Mr. Madison deems this same tariff law quite constitutional I Instead of a clear and palpable violation, it is, in his judgment, no violation at all. So that while they use his authority for a hypothetical case, they reject it in the very case before them. All this, sir, shows the inherent futility — I had almost used a stronger word — of conceding this power of interference to the States, and then attempting to secure it from abuse by impos ing qualifications of which the States themselves are to judge. One of two things is true : either the laws of the Union are beyond the discretion and beyond the control of the States ; or else we have no constitution of General Government, and are thrust back again to the days of the Confederation. * * * "Sir, if I were to concede to the gentleman his principal proposition, namely, that the Constitution is a compact between States, the question would still be, What provision is made in this compact to settle points of disputed construction, or contested power, that shall come into controversy ? And this question would still be answered, and conclusively answered, by the Constitution itself. While the gentleman is contending against construction, he himself is setting up the most dangerous and loose construction. The Constitution declares that, the laws of Congress passed in pursuance of the Constitution shall be the law of the land. No construction is necessary here. It declares also, with equal plainness and precision, that the judi- ciat power of the United States shall extend to every case arising under the laws of Congress. This needs no construction. Here is a law, then, which is declared to be supreme ; and here is a power established, which is to interpret that law. Now, sir, how has the gentleman met this ? Suppose the Constitution to be a compact, yet here are its terms ; and how does the gentleman get rid of them ? He cannot argue the seal off the bond, nor the words out of the instrument. Here they are ; what answer does he give to them ? None in the world, sir, except, that the effect of this would be to place the States in a condition of inferiority ; and that it results from the very nature of things, there being no superior, that the parties must be their own judges ! Thus closely and cogently does the honorable gentleman reason on the words of the Constitution I The gentleman says, if there be such a power of final decision * The Virginia Resolves of 1199. 66 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in the General Government, he asks for the grant of that power. Well, sir, I show him the grant I turn him to the very words. I show him that the laws of Con gress are made supreme ; and that the judicial power extends, by express words, to the interpretation of these laws. Instead of answering this, he retreats into the general reflection, that it must result from the nature of things, that the States, being parties, must judge for themselves. "I have admitted, that if the Constitution were to be considered as the creature of the State governments, it might be modified, interpreted, or construed according to their pleasure. But, even in that case, it would be necessary that they should agree. One alone could not interpret it conclusively ; one alone could not construe it ; one alone could not modify it Yet the gentleman's doctrine is, that Carolina alone may construe and interpret that compact, which equally binds all, and gives equal rights to alL "So, then, sir. even supposing the Constitution to be a compact between the States, the gentleman's doctrine, nevertheless, is not maintainable ; because, first, the General Government is not a party to the compact, but a government established by it and vested by it with the powers of trying and deciding doubtful questions ; and, secondly, because, if the Constitution be regarded as a compact, not one State only, but all the States, are parties to that compact, and one can have no right to fix upon it her own peculiar construction." But in two years after, in part through the animosity exist ing between President Andrew Jackson and Vice-President John C. Calhoun, the nullification movement was resumed. Various discussions and legislative acts were had at the Souih on the subject. Some approach to concessions on the part of Congress, relative to the Tariff, added to their courage and fanned the flame. South Carolina was proud of her influence and power. A convention assembled in that State November 19th, 1832, and declared that the Tariff was "null, void, and no law, nor binding on this State, its officers, or citizens." It forbade the payment of the duties on imports imposed by that law, after February 1st following. It declared that no appeal of the question to the United States Court should be allowed. If the Federal Government should undertake to enforce the Tariff law, South Carolina would no longer consider herself a member of the Union. Their ordinance on this point was : The people of this State will thenceforth hold themselves absolved from all fur ther obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States, and will henceforth proeeed to organize a separate government, and do all other acts and things which sovereign and independent States may of right do. Senator Hayne was appointed Governor of the State, and SOUTH CAROLINA NULLIFICATION. , 67 Mr. Calhoun resigned the Vice-Presidency of the nation, and entered the United States Senate as representative from South Carolina. But Jackson was a different President from the one in office twenty-eight years later, early in 1861. He took decisive measures — determined to crush the nullification by force of arms, if it became necessary. General Scott slipped into Fort Moultrie before the Charlestonians thought of it, and so pointed the cannon that the customs should be collected by the United States revenue officers without molestation. Sol diers were made ready to march against the nullifying State. Jackson was dissuaded by Webster and others from arresting Calhoun, when he returned to the Senate, and trying an.l hanging him for treason, ne issued a strong proclamation, however, in which occurred this passage : To say that any State may at pleasure secede from the Union, is to say that the United States are not a nation, because it would be a solecism to contend that any part of a nation might dissolve its connection with the other part, to their injury or ruin, without committing any offence. Soon after Congress leisurely took up the Tariff, with the view of some revision. This was seized upon by South Caro lina leaders to defer their seceding act. Webster urged that no concessions be made to the nullifying State. But Mr. Clay finally came forward with a compromise Tariff, which pro posed to reduce the existing one by one-tenth of the excess over twenty per cent., and by another reduction of one-tenth two years thereafter, and so on until 1842. This was but a small reduction, yet sufficient for an excuse for the South Carolinians to decline an act of secession that they knew would bring upon them instantly an all-crushing military power. Mr. Calhoun, and other nullifiers, in Congress, ac cepted the change ; the State Delegates in South Carolina ac ceded to it as a " highly satisfactory arrangement," resolved that the principle of State sovereignty was established, and adjourned. The spirit of secession was thus only humbled, not de stroyed. President Jackson was highly dissatisfied with the concession and the result. He insisted that it was an ambitious restlessness, and not the Tariff, that incited nullification, and 68 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. the next year wrote to a friend in Georgia, that " the Tariff was but a pretext," and prophetically added, " The next wWL be the slavery or negro question." THE INDIAN QUESTION L>" GEORGIA. General Jackson was an invaluable man in the right place at the time of the South Carolina Nullification. Bat like most other men he was once, at least, lamentably inconsistent with his own principles. The Creek, Choctaw, Chicasaw, and Cherokee Indians, held immense tracts of land in the territory now known as Georgia, Alabama, and Missouri. They were not only the original possessors, but the United States Govern ment had acknowledged their right to it by treaties with them, which prescribed limits to the possessions of either party. As the settlements of the white man advanced upon the wilder ness, difficulties arose that it was not easy to controL The Indians had already parted with much of their territory, their hunting grounds and the graves of their fathers were dear to them, and they resolved, finally, not to sell any more of their soil. The penalty of death even was affixed to the law against any further treaty of sale. When Georgia came into the Union the General Government promised to extinguish the Indian titles within the boundaries of the State, as soon as it could be done " peaceably and on reasonable terms." But unjust and unmanly measures were sometimes resorted to for the accomplishment of this object. In 1825, after some failures to effect a further purchase of the Indians, certain governmental commissioners bribed a minor portion of them, including a chief named Mcintosh, to sism a document ceding other lands to the whites. The great majority of the Indians disowned the sale, and visited the penalty of death upon Mcintosh and another chief. But the fraudulent treaty was hurriedly taken to Washington, and stealthily pushed through the Senate just at the close of its session, when there was no time for investigation and correc tion. The Governor of Georgia proceeded to enforce the treaty, and the Indians applied to President J. Q. Adams for redress. He examined the case, decided that the Indians were THE INDIAN QUESTION IN GEORGIA. 69 right, and even ordered a body of troops to that vicinity to prevent forcible ejectment of the Indians by the Georgians. The President's act was treasured against him, and many Southerners promised themselves that he should not be re elected to the presidential chair. Jackson succeeded him in 1829. He took the side opposed to the Indians. He represented that they were attempting to " erect an independ ent government within the limits of Georgia and Alabama," . when they only asked their rights according to treaties made with the General Government. He announced that the Indians must be subject to the laws of Georgia. The contest now was entirely with the Cherokees, some arrangements having been made with the others. The State abrogated all the laws of the Indians, made them amenable to State laws, denied them the right of being even a witness in court, or a party to any suit where a white man was a party, and finally ordered them to leave her boundaries. The Indians were indisposed to obey, and two missionaries among them also refusing to go, (and that in consonance with the opinion of the Secretaries of the American Board of Commission ers for Foreign Missions,) were arrested, charged with inciting the Indians to resist the State enactments, tried, and imprisoned for several years. The issue of the battle of " Mission Ridge," where those missionaries labored, seems to have been a, judg ment on the State for her conduct then. An appeal in their be half went to the Supreme Court of the United States, and Chief Justice Marshall decided in favor of the missionaries and the Indians, and that Georgia had no State rights that could set aside the treaties made by the United States with the Indian tribes. But President Jackson refused to enforce the judicial decision. Mr. Greely learned, he says, from the late Governor George N. Briggs, of Massachusetts, who was then in Wash ington, a member of Congress, that the President said, "Well, John Marshall has made his decision ; now let him enforce it." In 1838 the Indians were driven from the State, . contrary to the judgment of the highest court of the nation, expressly empowered by the Constitution to decide all such cases of disagreement. This was the first and only instance in the 70 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. history of the nation where the State rights doctrine has triumphed, and that by the fault of the highest executive officer of the land. The historical facts have been variously understood ; but being as stated in the foregoing paragraphs, the nation herself, to-day, would decide against the State of Georgia, and for the supremacy of United States laws. The Dorr (Rhode Island) rebellion, in 1842, was not a question of State rights as sovereign to the General Govern ment, but a contest between two parties in the State. The Democratic people sought to overthrow a party, and change the laws which disfranchised two-thirds of the citizens. At first they used illegal means, and were defeated, a national military force aiding the State authorities. But in a more peaceful way the end they sought was finally attained. The noted Whiskey Insurrection, of 1791-4, was not a case of State rights forced against United States authority, but of the rebellion of a, portion of the citizens of a State against an excise law of the General Government. Western Pennsyl- vanians refused to pay a tax on distilleries. Washington, as President, made them pay it. They yielded gracefully when they saw the troops coming. The Shays' Rebellion occurred before the adoption of the Constitution, and was no conflict between the State and Gene ral Government. Daniel Shays, a captain in the revolutionary war, was not the first mover, but the chosen leader of the insurgents. They were residents of Massachusetts, and com plained that the Governor's salary was too large, the Senate aristocratic, the lawyers extortionate, and the taxes unreason ably burdensome. They demanded the issue of paper money for relief. The cost of collections was diminished, and certain taxes and debts were made payable in produce, but without their satisfaction. They interrupted the sessions of courts, even in Springfield and Worcester. In January, 1787, Shays, at the head of two thousand men, marched to capture the arsenal at Springfield. The State militia opposing, they fled, leaving three killed and one wounded. One hundred and fifty were taken prisoners; fourteen were tried, condemned, and pardoned. Shays himself escaped to Vermont, was after- s.mi FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW IN WISCONSIN. 71 ward pardoned, and subsequently lived some years, and died, in Mount Morris, New York. << THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW IN WISCONSIN. The " Personal Liberty " laws of the Northern States, enacted as some defence against the abuses, or the execution, of the Fugitive Slave act, were complained of by some at the South. , That law in Wisconsin had the following provisions : For the issuing of the Habeas Corpus in favor of persons claimed as fugitive slaves.; for a trial of the same by jury; for fining one thousand dollars, and imprisoning not more than* five years nor less than one, any person who should malici ously declare, represent, or pretend, that any free person in the State was a slave, or owed service, with the intent to forcibly remove such person from the State; for requiring two witnesses to prove a person to be a slave ; for excluding depositions, in the place of living witnesses, for evidence ; and for preventing judgments under the Fugitive act from becom ing liens upon real estate. Whether there was just cause for complaints against these laws in Wisconsin, readers can judge. They were similar in other Northern States. The Fugitive Slave law of 1850 gave great dissatisfaction, and probably in no State more than in Wisconsin. It was claimed that it was unconstitutional, and that it required some offices of free citizens particularly inhuman and demeaning. What wonder if with the reaction against it there were some excesses. The case in connection with it which particularly brought forward the question of State rights, was that of Sherman M. Booth, of Milwaukee. He was complained of for violating the Fugitive act \>j aiding in the escape of Joshua Glover from the custody of Charles C. Cotten, Deputy Marshal of the United States, on the 11th of March, 1854. The United States Commissioner, Winfield Smith, Esq., before whom he was examined, required him to give -bail in the sum of two thou sand dollars, to appear at the next term of the United States District Court for trial. The bail was given, and Mr. Booth petitioned for a writ of Habeas Corpus, and for release from imprisonment. 72 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The case was tried before the Hon. A. D. Smith, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Wisconsin. Byron Paine, Esq., counsel for Mr. Booth, made a long and able argument, claiming release for the prisoner chiefly on the ground of the unconstitutionality of the Fugitive act. His three leading positions were these : First, that Congress had no power to legislate upon the subject at all. Second, admitting such a power, the act is unconstitutional in providing that any person claimed as a fugitive, may be reduced to a state of slavery without a trial by jury. Third, that it is unconstitutional, because it vests the judicial power of the ^United States in Court Commissioners, contrary to the provisions of the Con stitution. Mr. Sharpstein, the District Attorney, replied; Mr. Watkins, associate counsel with Mr. Paine, followed; Mr. Paine made his closing argument; and a week later, June 7th, 1854, Justice Smith delivered his opinion, and discharged the prisoner — first, on the ground that the writ against him for violating the law was defective; and secondly, that the Fugitive Slave act of September 18th, 1850, was unconstitutional. The writ was pronounced defective, because it did not show that Garland, the declared owner of the fugitive, had claimed Glover, or that any one else had claimed him ; and because it did not show that Glover was a fugitive from labor; and every doubt or omission was to be interpreted in favor of liberty. He argued the unconstitutionality of the Fugitive act on the ground, first, that the constitutional provision for the return of fugitives from service or labor, was given by a compact of the States, and that in such case the parties to the compact — the States themselves — were obligated to enforce the law, and Congress had no right to legislate upon the subject; secondly, that the provision of the Fugitive act, for the trial of persons claimed and arrested by commissioners, and not constitutional judicial officers, was a violation of the compact, and hence void; thirdly, that the act violates the provision for all trials relative to life, liberty, or property, by due process of law, passing judgment upon a person summarily, without his " day in court," and alluding also to the denial of the right of trial by jury. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW IN WISCONSIN. 73 Reviewing the history of the article in the Constitution for the return of fugitives, he says : Plan after plan for the organization of the government was made and presented, resolution upon resolution offered and discussed, embracing the whole ground of Federal and State rights and powers, without one word being mentioned about fugitive slaves ; and when it did occur to the minds of some members, suggested unquestionably by the clause in regard to fugitives from justice, it is quietly agreed that the States would deliver up such fugitives from labor. No power was asked for the Federal Government to seize them ; no such power was dreamed of ; the proposition that the States should respectively deliver them up was acquiesced in without any dissent. Yet we are told, arguendo, by judicial authority, that without such a clause, the Union could not have been formed, and that this provision was one of the essential compromises between the South and the North. In point of fact, it did not enter in the slighest degree into the compromises between the North and the South. On the illegality of federal legislation on the subject, he said: Can it be supposed for a moment, that had the framers of the Constitution imagined, that under this provision the Federal Government would assume to over ride the State authorities, appoint subordinate tribunals in every county in every State, invested with jurisdiction beyond the reach or inquiry of the State judiciary, to multiply executive officers ad infinitum, wholly independent of, and irresponsible to the police regulations of the State, and' that the whole army and navy of the Union could be sent into a State, without the request and against the remonstrance of the legislature thereof : nay, that even under its operations the efficacy of the writ of Habeas Corpus could be destroyed, if the privileges thereof were not wholly suspended ; if the members of the Convention had dreamed that they were incor porating such a power into the Constitution, does any one believe that it wonld have been adopted without opposition and without debate ? And if these results had suggested themselves to the States on its adoption, would it have been passed by them, sub silentio, jealous as they were of State rights and State sovereignty? The idea is preposterous. The Union would never have been formed upon such a basis. Regarding the obligation of the States to obey the article of the Constitution, he observed : To my mind, therefore, it is apparent that Congress has no constitutional power to legislate on this subject. It is equally apparent, that the several States can pass no laws, nor adopt any regulations, by which the fugitive may be discharged from ser vice. All such laws and regulations must be declared void whenever they are brought to the test of judicial scrutiny, State or national. It is equally apparent, that it is the duty of the respective States to make laws and regulations for the faithful observance of this compact. They have generally done so, and doubtless would 74 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. have continued so to do, but for the decision of the United States Supreme Court, in the case of Prigg vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. It is still their duty so 'to do. Again, it is to my mind apparent, that the -provision of the Constitution in regard to fugitives from labor or service, contemplates a judicial determination of the lawfulness of the claim which may be made. ft*****:**** Contemporaneous history, contemporaneous exposition, early and long-con tinued acquiescence, all go to show the interpretation given to this provision of the Constitution by the States and the people. The slave States passed acts to exeoute the compact. The free States did the same. The action of the several States, or many of them, shows conclusively that they interpreted the provision as a compact merely addressed to the good faith of the States. The slave States appealed to the free States for legislative action to carry into effect this provision of the Federal Constitution, and demanded of the latter the stern exercise of a power whichit is now sought to wrest from them. In 182-6, the State of Maryland appointed com missioners to attend upon the session of the Legislature of Pennsylvania and induce the latter to pass an act to facilitate the reclamation of fugitive slaves. Their mission was successful. Pennsylvania yielded to the solicitations of Maryland's commissioners, and passed the act of 1826, which was afterwards declared void by the Supreme Court of the United States, in Prigg vs. Pennsylvania, at the suit of Maryland. In 1836 or 1837, similar commissioners were appointed by.the State of Kentucky to the State of Ohio, whose mission resulted in the passage of a most strin gent fugitive act by the Legislature of Ohio. So also about the same time iu regard to Indiana, and, I believe, Illinois. Up to 1837, the States esteemed.it their duty, and slave States demanded its performance, to provide by law for the execution and faithful observance of this compact. All seemed to regard it as a compact, and nothing else ; binding, it is true, and operative as law equally upon all, but still a compact only. He concluded his argument, which has been highly regarded by some of the best legal minds of the country, as follows : What then is to be done ? ' Let the free States return to their duty if they have departed from it, and be faithful to the compact in the true spirit in which it was conceived and adopted. Let the slave States be content with such an execution of the compact as the framers of it contemplated. Let the Federal Government return to the exercise of the just powers conferred by the Constitution, and few, very few, will be found to disturb the tranquillity of the nation or to oppose by word or deed the due execution of the laws. But until this is done, I solemnly believe, that there will be no peace for the States or the nation, out that agitation, acrimony, and hostility will mark our progress, even if we escape a more dread calamity, which I will not even mention. However this may be, well knowing the cost, I feel a grateful consciousness of having discharged my duty, and full duty ; of having been true to the sovereign rights of my State, which has honored me with its confidence, and to the Constitutio of my country, which has blessed me with its protection ; and though I may stana alone, I hope I may stand approved of my God, as I know I do of my conscience. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW IN WISCONSIN. 75 After this decision, the case was carried to the full bench of the Supreme Court, at its July term, where, by a unanimous decision, the discharge of the prisoner was confirmed, on the ground of a defective writ ; and in regard to the constitu tionality of the Fugitive act, Chief Justice Whiton agreeing with Justice Smith, and Justice Crawford dissenting from his opinion. The Chief Justice gave a lengthy and able decision, in one passage expressing himself thus : i We are of opinion that so much of the act of Congress in question as refers to the commissioners for decision, the questions of fact which are to be established by evidence before the alleged fugitive can be delivered up to the claimant, is repugnant to the Constitution of the United States, and therefore void for two reasons,^ first, because it attempts to confer upon those officers judicial powers ; and second, because it is a denial of the right of the alleged fugitive to have those questions tried and decided by a jury which, we think, is given him by the Constitution of the United States. Justice Crawford was understood to be opposed to the Fugitive Slave act in principle, but he was not prepared to pronounce the act of 1850 unconstitutional, because the United .States Supreme Court, in the Prigg case, concerning the Fugi tive act of 1793, decided that Congress had power to enact a fugitive law. Soon after Mr. Booth, and others, were arrested under an indictment found by the United States District Court. His former bail was refused; he declined to give any other aud. went to jail, the State Court denying a writ of Habeas Corpus, on the ground that now the case was in the Federal Court. At the session of the United States Supreme Gourt in 1858 and 1859, it assumed control of Mr. Booth's case, (though the Supreme Court of the State had refused to send its papers to that body,) and sent down its order to the State Court to review its decision, discharging the prisoner, and to remand him to federal custody. This the Supreme Court declined doing, on the ground that the United States Supreme Court had no rightful jurisdiction over its proceedings. The United States Court affirmed the validity of the Fugitive Slave law, and acknowledged that a State Court might properly grant a Habeas Corpus for one imprisoned, by a Federal Court, but that when it was duly informed by the federal officer that the 76 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. prisoner was held by federal authority it was bound to desist from further action ; its sovereignty extending to that point, but no farther. There the subject was left by the courts, Wisconsin having been conspicuous before the nation in respect to judicial action on the subject, and in regard to the instance on which the final decision was made. Mr. Booth was released from prison through a pardon by Mr. Buchanan, granted two days before he vacated the presi dential chair, though not received by the prisoner until six days after Mr. Lincoln's inauguration. The assigned reason of the pardon was, Mr. Booth's claim that he was unable to pay the fine of one thousand dollars and costs, and the sup posed vindication of the law. Civil suits in the case are still pending. The Legislature of the State, in March, 1858, passed resolu tions condemnatory of the Supreme Court of the United States, which had the approval of the Governor. They were doubt less entitled to their opinion, and thus far right. But when they recommended resistance to the Federal Court and Gov ernment on this subject, did it not imply an untenable doctrine* of State rights? There must be supreme authority some where. If it is in the States, then there is no Federal Govern ment. If in the Federal Government, then there must be, not always an acquiesence of opinion, but submission to govern mental action. They may agitate, influence, vote, until they have changed the Government, and finally the Supreme Court of the nation itself. No other course is left, unless aggressions and oppressions from the federal authority become so great and are persisted in so long, that the right of revolution is the last and the justifiable resort, and the despotic power is thrown off — occasion for which may God ever prevent in this land ! The judicial power, by the Constitution, extends to all cases arising under the laws of Congress. And " the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." The slave trade had actually been reopened at the South before the outbreak of the rebellion. If Northern States may interpret constitutional THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING. 77 questions independent of the United States Supreme Court, then Southern States might equally well have interpreted the constitutional power to abolish the slave trade to suit their own practice, and the rebellion itself might have found justifi cation. Opinions and liberties to others equal to those we ask for . ourselves is a cardinal principle, no matter how corrupted and wrong our fellow men may have become. The right course of conduct under the Fugitive Slave law was, to seek to change it by every possible legitimate means, to refuse active obedience to any of its requirements contrary to gospel love for our neighbor, and suffer the penalty, to take every consistent advantage, in favor of liberty, of its defective administration, and to offer no resistance to the law unless the right of revolution had come, when the State could properly separate itself from the federal authority. The Supreme Court of the State could lawfully give its opinion, grant the Habeas Corpus, and stay unconstitutional proceedings within its juris diction, even under a law of Congress, until the United States Supreme Court should sustain the federal law. Then the laborious and patient, but peaceful, agitation for a change should commence. Such was the opinion of some before the war. Such will be the general opinion now. THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING STATE RIGHTS AT THE SOUTH. It is not legitimate to say that the doctrine of State rights was a cause of the rebellion, except that it furnished an occasion or opportunity for it. There were one or more reasons under lying State rights. One historian (Victor) says, that it was " the numerical preponderance of the' North, and, under the Constitution, its ability hereafter to control the legislation of Congress by virtue of its resistless majority." But this does not sufficiently probe the subject to final causes. What is it that created the desire to be rid of that majority? The North- West does not desire a secession from the nation, though in itself a minority. Nor does New England, though destined to be always inferior in numbers and territory to the rest. Once it was said, that the protective policy was the real incitement to the South Carolina Nullification. But there was a deeper 78 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. cause, as General Jackson intimated when he denied that it was the tariff. One of the principle causes, if not the ultimate one, had but a small beginning, and that chiefly or wholly with one man — John C. Calhoun. He had an insatiate ambition. A steady, persistent pride reigned and reveled in his heart. H he, instead of Andrew Jackson, had been elected President in 1828, it is possible the rebellion had never occurred. His selfishness might have been sufficiently gratified without his seeking a southern kingdom. Had he been subsequently elected instead of Martin Van Buren, whom he so much hated and despised, had he been willing to do the little thing of calling upon the wife of Major Eaton, Jackson's Secretary of War, and thus help to make her " a person of reputation," which was readily done by Mr. Van Buren, he might have been the successor of President Jackson, and thus his ambition been satisfied. But history tells us that his disappointment took the turn toward nullification. Early in life he was a more honorable man than in later years. On entering Congress he was a model of sobriety and good morals. While many others drank and gambled, jested and quarreled, he did none of them, but with courage and courteous mien kept on more in sympathy than in after years, with the nation from which he hoped to receive the highest civic honor. But baffled in his plans for that, he preferred, at last, to give, and partly did "give up all for his own brave, magnanimous little State of South Carolina." Yet Mr. Calhoun was always before Carolina. In this mental condition he gravitated toward nullification, which he termed a " reserved power." That was once tried and failed. Colonel Benton says, (" Thirty Years," vol. ii., page 786,) that on his returning home from that defeat, he declared " that the South could never be united against the North on the tariff question; that the sugar interest of Louisiana would keep her out ; and that the basis of Southern union must be shifted to the slave question." " The South must be against the North," and " must be united." Hence he 'devoted himself with great assiduity to the slave interests. His plans and acts did more for slavery aggressions and THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING. ' 79 agitations, than perhaps all things else. He wanted to make the South mighty through slavery. For that end he wanted Texas and the territories, and he did not want the right of petition in Congress. With the whole South and a portion of the North, he could be President. His ambition and plans were designedly and inevitably communicated to others ; and when he died they were the inheritance of his friends and worshipers through all the South. This is an instance where one man gives bias to millions. Just as Mr. Jefferson, by some of his early views, gave universal prejudice to the Southern States against manufactures.* His subsequent change of opinion did not change the current he had given. Just so was a single book, the " Social Contract," by Rosseau, that may be said* to have produced the French Revolution. It did it by adopting the false theory, that the whole foundation of human society is the mere choice of man kind — not at all in any will or authority of God. The general ambition and peculiar state ,of society at the South nurtured the doctrine of State rights. She never was cured of that heresy. The moral atmosphere at the North was such that one Hartford Convention sufficed ; but among Southern people it was a disease in the blood, never cast out. The grandfather of General Robert E. Lee, of the Rebellion, was Robert B. Lee, of Virginia, three-fourths of a century since, who, in 1790, just after the adoption of the Constitution, wrote the following : The Southern States are too weak at present to stand by themselves, and a general government will certainly be advantageous to us, as it produces no other effect than protection from hostilities and uniform commercial regulations. And when we shall attain our natural degree of population, I flatter myself we sliall have the power to do ourselves justice, with dissolving the bond which binds us together. It is better to put up with these little inconveniences than to run the hazard of greater calamities, f Such wa3 his dishonest plan to reap the advantages of both a Federal government and State sovereignty. It was false to those with whom the union was made. It was treason in the essence. The same idea Calhoun revived and nurtured. During the * Jefferson's Notes on Virginia. f "The Federalist." Edition of 1864, by J. C. Hamilton ; page 78. 80 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. war of 1812, he said to Commodore Charles Stewart, " When we thus cease to control this nation, through a disjointed democracy, or any material, obstacle in that party which shall tend to throw us out of that rule and control, we shall then resort to the dissolution of the Union." He tried his plan in the South Carolina Nullification, and failed. He then left it to others to try. "In the news that the men of California had chosen freedom, Calhoun heard the knell of parting slavery ; and on his death-bed he counseled secession."* The Partisan Leader, a novel, prophetic of secession, by Beverly Tucker, Professor in William and Mary College, Virginia, was issued in 1836. General John A. Quitman, formerly of the United States army, once Governor of Mississippi, wrote in March, 1851, to Colonel Preston, of South Carolina, as follows : I believe, then, from present indications, that Mississippi, if her propositions [in the Union] are not promptly acceded to, will invite her neighboring sister States to form with her a new Confederacy. She may, from her weakness, and the incon venience of her position, withhold the final act until one of her immediate neigh bors shall also be willing to join her. I concur with you in the opinion that the political equality of the slaveholding States is incompatible with the present confederation, as construed and acted on by the majority, and that the present Union and slavery cannot coexist. * * * To those two States [South Carolina and Mississippi] alone, then, can we look for any efficient action. The latter is not yet fully prepared for final action ; she has less capital, is younger and weaker than the former, and has no seaport. The former should, then, take the lead, and fearlessly and confidently act for herself. This would prevent practical issues from her neighbors. Mississippi would, I feel assured, take position by her side, and soon all the adjoining States would follow her example. * * * If, therefore, the people of South Carolina have made up their minds to withdraw from the Union at all events, whether joined by other States or not, my advice would be to do so without waiting for the action of any other State, as I believe there would be more probability of favorable action on the part of the other Southern States after her secession than before. So long as the several aggrieved States wait for one another, their action will be over cautious and timid. Great political movements, to be successful, must be bold, and must present prac tical and simple issues. * * * The secession of a Southern State would startle the whole South, and force other States to meet the issue plainly ; it would present practical issues, and exhibit everywhere a wider-spread discontent than politicians have imagined. In less than two years all the States south of you [South Caro lina] would unite their destiny to yours. Should the Federal Government attempt to employ force, an active and cordial union of tlie whole South would be instantly effected, and a complete Southern Confederacy organized. * Bancroft's Oration on the martyred President Lincoln. THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING. 81 "The Union and slavery," he said, "could not co-exist." Slavery is made the chief or only cause of the contemplated " secession." The cause of the rebellion has sometimes been assigned to the fact that the South were an agricultural and not a manu facturing people. Carey, Montesquieu, Buckle, and even Cicero, are quoted to show that agriculture tends to accretion of estates, to ignorance, to aristocracy, to despotism, and enslavement of the masses.* Yet the West is devoted to agri culture, and has been equally patriotic with the East. Large estates do indeed tend to ignorance by rendering the common free school less practicable ; richness of soil may incite covet- ousness, and that may produce poverty and ignorance with the masses ; the warm climate of the South favors indolence, and that favors power with the few, and serfdom with the many; -but neither agriculture, soil, nor climate, nor all combined, are sufficient causes to produce either slavery or rebellion. They have furnished some circumstances favorable to slavery. Slavery has been more easily preserved and extended at the South than it could have been at the North ; but crime and oppression do not spring out of the ground or the atmosphere. The question is asked, why the Southern people clung to slavery while the Northern people banished it? Neither climate, soil, products, nor business can answer the inquiry. There must have been a reason beyond all these. Slavery never had so strong a hold at the North as at the South, and hence was more easily uprooted. Besides, it had in New England and the Central States, a stronger moral force against it. The statesmen at the South who testified against slavery, ¦annulled much of their testimony by their practice of it. Not so much was it so at the North. Further, the South never had that strong and persistent influence against slavery from the pulpit, which such able and consistent men as Doctor Hopkins and the younger Doctor Edwards gave at the North ; men whose disquisitions on that subject remain still among the most complete and powerful of all arguments against hold ing a fellow man as property. * North American Review, No. ccx., page 29. 6 82 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. A portion of the Northern press had some responsibility in fostering the pride of the South, in encouraging their preten sions, and in misinforming them of the true temper of the people at the North, and of the probable issue of any con flict that might occur; all which favored their apostate and treasonable spirit. The rebellion could hardly have put on the face of apology even to itself, without a false doctrine of State rights. But it required more than State rights, more than the most craving thirst for power, more than climate or pursuits ; it required a corrupted state of society, and a corrupting and iniquitous present object to be secured, to give an adequate base on which to originate, and project on its mad way, the Jate rebellion. The chief plank in that foundation was slavery. Others were, ambition, love of power, State rights, climate, pursuits. But slavery fed ambition, enhanced the love of power, cherished and propagated the doctrine of State rights, luxuri ated in the warm climate, condemned manufacturers, and craved large agricultural estates, all which fostered and fat tened herself, and produced a state of society inimical to free dom. Yet freedom girt her about with strong chains. Liberty was not liberty for slavery. She would not brook even the moral restraint. She would break away from control ; hence the rebellion. The doctrine of State rights was not the underly ing cause, but the justifying plea and the rallying standard of the Confederacy. CHAPTER V. THE OPENING OF THE EEBELLION. the presidential election. southern movements base!) on the northern triumph. the plea of the south for their action. alexander h. stephens condemns secession. senator doolittle's speech. the action of president buchanan and of con gress.— the secession ordinances of southern states. forma tion of the confederacy. inauguration of president lincoln, and his address. the confederate commissioners and secretary seward's "memorandum.'' — special session of the senate. — senator howe's speech. — attack on, fort sumter, and its surrender. The election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency was a coveted object with the secession party at the South. It would give them the largest semblance of excuse for the accomplish ment of their designs. Yet, if Mr. Douglas had been elected, they probably would not have been deterred, though possibly delayed. But his election they had strenuously endeavored to prevent, by withdrawing from the Charleston Democratic nominating convention, and supporting Breckenridge for that office. At a secret convention of Southern Governors, in Raleigh, North Carolina, October, 1856, it was decided, that in case General Fremont was elected President, Governor Wise, of Virginia, should march with twenty thousand men to Washington, and prevent his inauguration at that place. In 1860 the plans were more mature and direct to accomplish secession. October 25th, 1860, at a meeting of South Carolina politicians, it was unanimously decided that in case Mr. Lincoln was elected, an event confidently expected, their State should secede from the Union. Similar meetings were held in other Southern States, with like resolves. The day before 84 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the election, Governor Gist, of South Carolina, delivered his annual message to the Legislature of that State, in which he said: "I would earnestly recommend that, in the event of Abraham Lincoln's election to the presidency, a convention of the people of this State be immediately called, to consider and determine for themselves the mode and measure of redress." Public speakers of the State indicated, before the election, that that redress would be secession. The Legisla ture called a convention, to meet December 17th, with the avowed intention to withdraw from the Union. A military convention in Georgia, November 12th, passed resolves for the same action by that State. Governors of other Southern States called conventions for the same purpose. Southern senators and representatives in Congress begin to resign their places. The Georgia Legislature appropriates $1,000,000 "to arm and equip the State." The Louisiana Legislature votes $500,000 for the same object, and other States take similar action. And what, more definitely, was the plea on the part of the South for this course of proceeding ? The first and probably the fullest declaration of causes for their action was made at a secession meeting in Mobile, November 15th. The more important passages are as follows : It [the Federal Government] claims to abolish slavery in the districts, forts, arsenals, dockyards, and other places ceded to the United States. To abolish the inter-State slave trade, and thus cut off the Northern Slave States from their profits of production, and the Southern from their resources of supply of labor. It claims to forbid all equality and competition of settlement in the common territories, by the citizens of slave States. It repels all further admission of new slave States. It has nullified the Slave act in the majority of the free States. It has denied the extradition of murderers, and marauders, and other felons. It has concealed and shielded the murderer of masters or owners in pursuit of fugitive slaves. It has refused to prevent or punish by State authority the spoliation of slave property ; but, on the contrary, it has made it a criminal offence in the citizens of several States to obey the laws of the UDion for the protection of slave property. It has advocated negro equality, and made it the ground of positive legislation hostile to the Southern Stales. It opposes protection to slave property on the high seas, and has justified piracy itself in tho case of the Creole. THE PLEA OP THE SOUTH FOR THEIR ACTION. 85 It has kept in our midst emissaries of incendiarism to corrupt our slaves and induce them to run off, or incite them to rebellion and insurrection. It has run off millions of slave property, by a system of what are called " under ground railroads," and has made its tenure so precarious in the border slave States as nearly to have aboUtionized two of them — Maryland and Missouri ; and it is making similar inroads constantly upon Virginia and Kentucky. It has invaded a territory by arms furnished by Emigrant Aid Societies, under State patronage, and by funds furnished by foreign enemies, in Canada and Great Britain. It has invaded Virginia and shed the blood of her citizens on her own soil. It has repudiated the decisions of the Supreme Court. It assails us from the pulpit, the press, and the school room. It divides all sects and religions, as well as parties. It denounces slaveholders as degraded by the lowest immoralities, insults them in every form, and holds them up to the scorn of mankind. It has already a majority of the States under its domination ; has infected the Federal as well as the State Judiciary ; will, ere long, have a majority of the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States ; will soon have, by the new census, a majority of the Senate ; and before it obtains the Senate, certainly will obtain the chief executive power of the United States. It has announced its purpose of total abolition in the States and everywhere, as well as in the Territories and districts, and other places ceded. It has proclaimed an "irresistible conflict" of higher law with the Federal Constitution itself ! Its candidate elect to the Chief Magistracy has proclaimed that " the Govern ment cannot endure half slave and half free " — that there is an "irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces — that the United States must and will, sooner or later, become a slaveholding nation, or entirely a free-labor nation." Concerning these charges it is to be said, that some of them were not true of the Government, of the North, or of any party. Offending individuals were amenable to the laws and the Constitution, and redress, if desired, should have been persistently sought there. Some questions had indeed been decided against the South; but by a legal majority, and in accordance with the doctrines of the fathers previous to the apostacy in the nation on the subject of slavery. Some of the charges pertain merely to matters of opinion and moral suasion, with no violation of the Constitution, as in the case of Mr. Lincoln's anti-slavery doctrines. And in some part of the charges the South had reasonable complaint against a small portion of the North, according to the Constitution. But there was like and more cause of complaint on the part of the North, for constitutional infractions by and in favor of the- 86 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. South. The arbiters, in either case, were Congress and the Supreme Court, and not the repetition of offences, or, rebellion. But the real chief complaint was the fact, that they had lost their control of the nation, which was evinced, they assumed, by the election of Mr. Lincoln. And to that cause for seces sion it may be said to the South, " Out of thine own mouth do I condemn thee." At the opening of the Legislature in Georgia, which assembled at Milledgeville, November 8th, 1860, Mr. A. H. Stephens boldly and ably spoke as follows : The first question that presents itself is, Shall the people of the South secede from the Union in consequence of the election of Mr. Lincoln to the Presidency of the United States? My countrymen, I tell you frankly, candidly, and earnestly, that I do not think that they ought. In my judgment, the election of no mau, constitutionally chosen to that high office, is sufficient cause for any State to separate from the Union. It ought to stand by and aid still in maintaining the Con stitution of the country. To make a point of resistance to the Government — to withdraw from it, because a man has been constitutionally elected — puts us in ihe wrong. We are pledged to maintain the Constitution. Many of us have sworn to support it. Can we, therefore, for the mere election of a man to the Presidency — and that, too, in accordance with the prescribed forms of the Constitution — make a point of resistance to the Government, and, without . becoming the breakers of that sacred instrument ourselves, withdraw ourselves from it? Would we not be in the wrong ? Whatever fate is to befall this country, let it never be laid to the charge of the people of the South, and especially of the people of Georgia, that we were untrue to our national engagements. Let the fault and the wrong rest upon others. If all our hopes are to be blasted, if the Republic is to go down, let us be found to the last moment standing on the deck, with the Constitu tion of the United States waving over our heads. (Applause.) Let the fanatics of the North break the Constitution, if such is their fell purpose. Let the responsi bility be upon them. I shall speak presently more of their acts ; but let not the South, let us not be the ones to commit the aggression. We went into the election with this people ; the result was different from what we wished, but the election has been constitutionally held. Were we to make a point of resistance to the Government, and go out of the Union on that account, the record would be made up hereafter against us. But, it is said, Mr. Lincoln's policy and principles are against the Constitution, and that, if he carries them out, it will be destructive of our rights. Let us ^ot anticipate a threatened evil. If he violates the Constitution, then will come our time to act. Do not let us break it, because, forsooth, he may. If he does, that is the time for us to strike. (Applause.) I think it would be injudicious and unwise to do this sooner. I do not anticipate that Mr. Lincoln will do anything to jeopardize our safety or security, whatever may be his spirit to do it ; for he is bound by the constitutional checks which are thrown around him, which, at this time, render him powerless to do any groat mischief. This shows the wisdom of our system. A. H. STEPHENS CONDEMNS SECESSION. 87 The President of the United States is no emperor, no dictator — he is clothed with no absolute power. He can do nothing unless he is backed by power in Congress. The House of Representatives is largely in the majority against him. In the Senate he will also be powerless. There will be a majority of four against him. This, after the loss of Bigler, Fitch, and others, by the unfortunate dissensions of the Democratic party in their States. Mr. Lincoln cannot appoint an officer with out the consent of the Senate — he cannot form a Cabinet without the same consent. He will be in the condition of George ITI. (the embodiment of Toryism), who had to ask the Whigs to appoint his Ministers, and was compelled to receive a Cabinet utterly opposed to his views ; and so Mr. Lincoln will be compelled to ask of the Senate to choose for him a Cabinet, if the Democracy of that body choose to put him on such terms. He will be compelled to do this, or let the Government stop, if the National Democratic men — for that is their name at the North — the conserva tive men in the Senate — should so determine. Then, how can Mr. Lincoln obtain a Cabinet which would aid him, or allow him, to violate the Constitution? Why, then, I say, should we disrupt the bonds of the Union, when his hands are tied — when he can do nothing against us ? At a later date, in January, 1861, Mr. Stephens made a still stronger speech against secession, and showed in a striking manner the many superior advantages which the South had always had in the Union. The address was delivered in the Georgia State Convention, which finally voted to secede. He spoke as follows : This step (of secession) once taken can never be recalled ; and all the baneful and withering consequences that must follow will rest on the convention for all coming time. When we and our posterity shall see the lovely South desolated by the demon of war, which this act of yours will inevitably invite and call forth; when our green fields of waving harvest shall be trodden down by the murderous soldiery and fiery car of war sweeping over our land ; our temples of justice laid in ashes ; all the horrors and desolations of war upon us ; who but this convention will be held responsible for it t and who but him who shall have given his vote for this unwise and ill-timed measure, as I honestly think and believe, shall be held to strict account for this suicidal act by the present generation, and probably cursed and execrated by pos terity for all coming time, for the wide and desolating ruin that will inevitably follow this apt you now propose to perpetrate 1 Pause, I entreat you, and consider for a moment what reasons you can give that will even satisfy yourselves in calmer moments — what reason can you give to your fellow-sufferers in the calamity that it will bring upon us? What reasons can you give to the nations of the earth to justify it t They will be tlie calm and deliberate judges in the case ; and what cause, or one overt act, can you name or point to on which to rest the plea of justification? What right has the North assailed? What interest of the South has been invaded? What justice has been denied? and what claim, founded injustice and right, has been withheld ? Can either of you to-day name one governmental act of wrong, deliberately and purposely done by the Government of Washington, of which the South has a right to complain? I challenge the answer. While on the other hand, let me show the fact (and believe me, gentlemen, I am not here 88 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. the advocate of the North ; but I am here the friend, the firm friend and lover of the South and her institutions, and for this reason I speak thus plainly and faithfully for yours, mine, and every other man's interest, the words of truth and soberness.) of which I wish you to judge, and I will only state facts, whieh are clear and undeniable, and which now stand as records authentic in the history of our country. When we of the South demanded the slave trade, or the importation of Africans for the cultivation of our lands, did they not yield the right for twenty years? When we asked a three-fifths representation in Congress for our slaves, was it not granted? When we asked and demanded the return of any fugitive from justice, or the recovery of those persons owing labor or service, was i* not incor porated in the Constitution, and again ratified and strengthened by the fugitive slave law of 1850 ? But do you reply that in many instances they have violated the com pact, and have not been faithful to their engagements ? As individuals and local communities they may have done so, but not by the sanction of Government, for that has always been true to Southern interests. Again, gentlemen, look at another feet : when we have asked that more territory should be added, that we might spread the institution of slavery, have they not yielded to our demands in giving us Louisiana, Florida, and Texas, out of which four States have been carved, and ample territory for four more to be added in due time, if you, by this unwise and impolitic act, do not destroy this hope, and, per haps, by it lose all, and have your last slave wrenched from you by stern military rule, as South America and Mexico were ; or by the vindictive decree of a universal emancipation, which may reasonably be expected to follow ? But, again, gentlemen, what have we to gain by this proposed change of our relations to the General Government? We have always had the control, and can yet, if we remain in it, and are as united as we have been. We have had a majority of the Presidents chosen from the South, as well as the control and Inanagement of most of those chosen from the North. We have had sixty years of Southern Presidents to their twenty-four, thus controlling the executive department. So of the Judges of the Supreme Court, we have had eighteen from the South and but eleven from the North ; although nearly four-fifths of the judicial business has arisen in the free States, yet a majority of the court has always been from the South. This we have required so as to guard against any interpretation of the Constitution unfavorable to us. In like manner we have been equally watchful to guard our interests in the legislative branch of Government. In choosing the presiding presi dents {pro. tern.) of the Senate, we have had twenty-four to their eleven. Speakers of the House, we have had twenty-three, and they twelve. While the majority of the representatives, from their greater population, have always been from the North, we have so generally secured the Speaker, because he, to a greater extent shapes and controls the legislation of the country. Nor have we had less control in every other department of the General Govern ment. Attorney Generals we have had fourteen, while the North have had but five. Foreign ministers we have had eighty-six, and they but fifty-four. While three-fourths of the business which demands diplomatic agents abroad is clearly from the free States, from their greater commercial interests, yet we have had the principal embassies, so as to secure the world markets for cotton, tobacco, and sugar, on the best possible terms. We have had a vast majority of the higher officers of both army and navy, while a large proportion of the soldiers and sailors SENATOR DOOLITTLE'S SPEECH. 89 were drawn from the North. Equally so of clerks, auditors, and comptrollers filling the executive department, the records show for the last fifteen years that of three thousand thus employed we have had more than two-thirds of the same, while we have but one-third of the white population of the Republic. Again, look at another item, and one, be assured, in which we have a great and vital interest ; it is that of rovenue, or means of supporting Government. From official documents we learn that a fraction over three-fourths of the revenue collected for the support of the Government has uniformly been raised from the North Pause now while you can, gentlemen, and contemplate carefully and can didly these important items. Leaving out of view, for the present, the count less millions of dollars you must expend in a war with the North, with ten thousands of your sons and brothers slain in battle, and offered up as sacrifices upon the altar of your ambition — and for what? we ask again. It is for the over throw of the American Government, established by our common ancestry, cemented and built up by their sweat and blood, and founded on the broad principle of right, justice, and humanity. And as such, I must declare here, as I have often done be fore, and which has been repeated by the greatest and wisest of statesmen and patriots in this and other lands, that it is the best and freest Government — the most equal in its rights, the most just in its decisions, the most lenient in its measures, and the most aspiring in its principles to elevate the race of man that tlie sun of heaven ever shone upon. Now for you to attempt to overthrow such a Government as this, under which we have lived for more than three-quarters of a century — in which we have gained our wealth, our standing as a nation, our domestic safety while the elements of peril are around us, with peace and tranquillity, accompanied with unbounded prosperity and rights unassailed — is the height of madness, folly, and wickedness, to which I can .neither lend my sanction nor my vote. Notwithstanding this truthful and eloquent defence of the North, Mr. Stephens had imbibed the pestilent State rights heresy, and declared in one of his speeches, " Should Georgia determine to go out of the Union, * * * * whatever the result may be, I shall bow to the will of the people." Georgia rebelled, and he with her. On the question of the right of secession for the reasons alleged, there was another judge, whose testimony, in the circumstances that surrounded him, is entitled to very great credit, and reflects honor upon his memory. It was the voice of Mr. Douglas, who, while the chief opponent of Mr. Lincoln for tlie Presidency, in a ean-i vassing speech made at Norfolk, Virginia, declared, in reply to an inquiry, that should Mr. Lincoln be chosen President, he would not consider that a cause for resistance, but should adhere to and uphold the Union. Just previous — December 27th — Mr. Doolittle, in the United States Senate, showed the absurdity of the right of secession in a striking light. He said : 90 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Constitution of the United States speaks in language clear enough that it is not in the power of one out of ten, or of one hundred, or of all the citizens of a State, to.annul an act of Congress, because the Constitution of the United States, and an act in pursuance of it, is a supreme law of that State, and binding upon every citizen of that State, and every citizen must act at his peril. Now if this doctrine is true, that a State by its own mere motion can assemble in convention » mass of its citizens, by resolutions dissolve its connection with the Federal Govern ment, and put an end to the supremacy of the Constitution and laws of the United States, several other consequences must follow. If one State can secede from all the rest, I suppose the Senator from Louisiana will not deny but that all the rest can secede from one, and that of necessity gives to this Government the power to expel a State. Your right of secession involves the right of expulsion. Let us go a little further, and see how this doctrine would apply in time of war. We were engaged in a war with Great Britain in 1812, and the New England States, it is said, were rather disaffected, and met in convention at Hartford. Now, if the doctrine of the gentleman is correct, any of the New England States could have resolved itself out at its pleasure, and gone over to the enemy. Our fortresses in Boston harbor, which we had manned, built, and filled with munitions and guns, they might have withdrawn from and surrendered to the enemy, and turned our own guns upon us. This is the consequence of this doctrine. But, again, take it in time of peace. Apply the doctrine to Pennsylvania, that she, by a simple resolution of her people, can withdraw from the United States. She could cut off all the mail routes going across Pennsylvania, and we could not go from Virginia to New York without going across a foreign country. So, too, with Illinois ; if this doctrine is correct, we of the North- West could be cut off entirely from the East ; and especially if the Union is to be broken up, we could not go to New York except by leave of Illinois, or without going through the State of Kentucky, and you propose to make that a foreign jurisdiction. Apply this doctrine further. How is it with Florida, a little State of the Gulf that has 16,686 white inhabitants — almost as many as some of the counties in the State where I live? We purchased this peninsula, and paid for it, to get rid of the foreign jurisdiction over it — also to get possession of the key, and command the en trance to the Gulf. We paid $35,000,000 to take the Seminoles from it ; and now these 16,686 people, whom the good people of the United States permitted to go there and settle their territories — they had hardly population enough to be admitted as a State, but we have admitted them to full fellowship — Florida now attempts, by mere resolution of her people gathered together, to resolve herself out of the Union, and take all those fortresses . which we have spent thousands of dollars to make, with all our own guns, and turn them against us 1 How is it with Louisiana? The Government of the United States, upon wise national principles of great national policy, purchased from the Emperor of France, or the First Consul, the Territory of Louisiana, at an expense of $15,000,000. We purchased it to obtain possession of the great valley of the Mississippi, and above all things, to hold the mouth of that river which controls all its commerce, and discharges it upon the high seas of the world. Now, can it be contended here that because the people whom the Federal Government has permitted to go in there, and occupy its lands, and permitted to be introduced into the family of this reunion. that she, in a moment of passion and excitement, by the mere resolution of hei SENATOR DOOLITTLE'S SPEECH. 91 citizens, can resolve herself outside of the Confederacy, declare that she is a foreign power, and take with her the control of the mouths of the Mississippi ? I tell you, Mr. President, and I tell the Senator from Louisiana, that if any such doctrine had been understood when Louisiana was admitted, she would never have been ad mitted. I tell you, sir, if any such doctrine had been asserted, her people would never have been permitted to take possession of tjie swamps of Louisiana. They will not willingly consent that she should hold the mouths of the Mississippi, and thus control the commerce that goes out into the Gulf. How has it been with Texas? The Federal Government admitted Texas at a time when she had a sparse population, and there were many debts against her treasury, and her credit was impaired and broken. We took her, as one of tho States, into this Confederacy. The result of her annexation brought the Mexican war, which cost us 40 ,000 lives and nearly $100,000,000. Now, when we have made her a good State, built fortifications, paid her debts, and raised her to a position of a State in this Confederacy, with prospects as glorious, perhaps more so than any other Southern State, is she now, in a single hour or moment of passion, to resolve herself out of the Union, and become a foreign power? Suppose we had paid $200,000,000 for Cuba, and acquired her, with all her fortifications, she could now go out, and turn our own guns against us ? What is all our great blasted nationality ? Is it a farce and a delusion ? Gentlemen sometimes complain that the Republican party are disposed to do injustice to the citizens of the South, and to their social institutions especially. But what has been the history of the Government since it was formed under the Constitution ? We have acquired Florida, Louisiana, Texas, and the territory from Mexico. We have surrendered a part of Maine, and given up our claim to a large part of Oregon. Florida cost us $40,000,000. It has been given up to the social institutions of the South. We purchased Louisiana Territory, and two-thirds of the good land has been given up to the social institutions of the South. The an nexation of Texas, tho war with Mexico, and the acquisition of all those territories from Mexico, may be regarded as one transaction. Now I ask you, gentlemen, in all fairness and candor, to say whether we have not surrendered to your social institutions, your full share, comparing the number of persons who are employed in your system of labor, with the free white citizens of the United States ? When you speak of injustice, it is without foundation. You have had your full share, and more than your full share, of the territories we have acquired from the beginning up to this hour. lam sick and tired of hearing gentlemen stand up here and complain of the injustice done to this institution of the South. There is no foundation for it in our history — none whateven * * * What do we deny to you that we do not deny to ourselves? What single right have I in New Mexico that you have not? You say this law excludes your social institution. So it excludes our banking institu-' tions and our manufacturing corporations. Your social institution is a kind of close corporation, existing under the laws of your States, not existing by the common law of the country. We deny you no right which we do not deny ourselves. * * * If we acquire territory, you are asking too much when you ask us to convert it to slave territory. It is impossible that we can have peace upon any such doctrine as that. You must allow the free territories to remain free. We will not interfere with your institution where it exists. Sir, that is peace. I repeat, that non« interference by the General Government or by. the free-State men, with slavery in 92 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the Slates, and non-interference by the General Government or by the slaveholders, against freedom in the territories, is peace. Congress assembled December 3rd. President Buchanan's message was strongly conciliatory toward the South, and dis paraging of the North for her aggressions on slavery. It denied the right of secession, but deprecated coercion. The next day, instead of acting as Jackson did in the time of Nulli fication, he sent a messenger (not troops) to South Carolina, to urge a postponement of action in regard to secession until Congress should have time to act on compromises. December 7th, he declared his determination to send no more troops to Charleston, and to avoid on his part a collision. December 13th, in a Cabinet meeting, he opposed the reinforcement of Fort Moultrie, and the determination being made to adhere to that policy, on the 14th General Cass, Secretary of State, resigned. On the 18th, Mr. Crittenden introduced into the Senate his cele brated eompromise resolutions, which proposed to renew the Mis souri Compromise line, prohibiting slavery in the territory north of 36° 30', and protecting it south of that latitude ; to admit new States with or without slavery, as their constitution shall pro vide ; to prohibit the abolition of slavery by Congress in the States (which no considerable party ever claimed the right to do) ; to prohibit its abolition in the District of Columbia while Virginia and Maryland are slaveholding States ; to permit the transportation of slaves in any of the States, by land or water ; to provide for the payment for fugitive slaves when rescued ; to repeal the inequality of the fee to the Commissioner for remanding fugitives to slavery ; to ask the repeal of all Per sonal Liberty bills in the northern States ; and to submit these propositions to the people for amendments to the Constitution, which should never be changed or annulled. On the same day, and the next, Andrew Johnson, Senator from Tennessee, now chief magistrate of the nation, spoke on these resolutions, denying the right of secession^ calling on the President to enforce the laws, whatever the results, and pro nouncing resistance to the federal laws treason. December 20th, the South Carolina Legislature voted unanimously to secede from the Union, and the Methodist Conference of that State voted sympathy with the movement. Charleston and TREASON AND FRAUD IN THE CABINET. 93 many localities at the South are now almost frantic with delight — the stars and stripes are taken down — the Palmetto and other State flags are floating on the breeze. The North moves on, little disturbed, little noticing these events. On the night of December 26th, Major Anderson evacuated Fort Moultrie, and the next day found him, with his small force of eighty men, in Fort Sumter, in Charleston Harbor. But he had not raised his country's flag there without first having knelt reverently down before God in the presence of his men, while his chaplain fervently led in prayer. His retreat from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, an event so portentous, thrilled excitement through the country. Troops in Charleston were ordered out ; troops were tendered to South Carolina from other Southern States. The next day Fort Moultrie and Castle Pinckney were occupied by military of the State, and the State authorities took possession of the custom house and post office. Soldiers poured into Charles ton; the Federal flag was nowhere seen, except over Fort Sumter. December 29th, John B. Floyd resigned his place as Secretary of War, assigning the impudent reason, that the President refused to withdraw Major Anderson from Charles ton Harbor entirely. But he did not leave until he had dis tributed the few soldiers of the nation chiefly in the far west, leaving the fortresses in the Southern States well nigh defence less, that they might be easily captured. He had trans ferred one hundred and fifteen thousand stand of arms from Springfield, Massachusetts, and Watervliet, New York, to arsenals in the slave States. Seventy thousand were in tlie arsenal at Charleston alone. He had sold to southern purchasers a large number of United States muskets, at $2.50 each, worth $12 each. He had forwarded to the South a large amount of cannon, mortars, shell, ball, and powder. Moreover, under Secretary Isaac Toucey, of the Navy, our fleet of ninety vessels had been dispersed, leaving only two vessels, carrying twenty-seven guns and two hundred and eighty men, in northern ports. Under" Secretary Howell Cobb, upwards of six millions of dollars had been stolen from the Treasury. Near the close of the year, Washington city was supposed to be in danger of seizure by secession soldiers, who had a 94 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. long time been secretly drilling for some military purpose. General Scott took measures for defence. Three South Caro lina commissioners were sent to Washington, to treat with the United States Government. Mr. Buchanan declined to receive them as si*h, and they went home very indignant. At the earnest solicitation of others, President Buchanan sent the unarmed steamer " Star of the West" with provisions and two hundred and fifty men, for the relief of the beleaguered fort. On the morning of the 9th of January she entered Charles ton Harbor. But Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, Secretary of the Interior at Washington, had informed his fellow con spirators at the South of the plan adopted, and when the steamer came near Morris Island heavy cannon opened upon her. She had no guns with which to defend herself or her cause, and turning about, steamed out of the harbor. Thus were shameful insult and defiance hurled upon the nation. In Congress Senator Benjamin, of Louisiana, made a flam ing secession speech. Senator Baker, of Oregon, made a masterly reply. Mr. Douglas spoke in favor of a compromise with the South, by giving constitutional guarantees, and charged the cause of the present troubles on the Republican party. In the extra session of the Senate he said to Senator Howe: "If I had succeeded in defeating your party at the presidential elec tion, thereby rendering it certain that the policy of that party was not to be carried into effect, the people of the Southern States would have rested in security that they were safe, and the Union never would have been dissolved." That was possible only by yielding the whole question on the subject of slavery. The South were determined to rule. The apostacy had become despotism. Mr. Seward, soon to enter the new cabinet, made a highly conciliatory speech. Mr. Crittenden's resolutions were lost in the Senate. A committee of thirty-three was appointed in the House, as there had been of thirteen in the Senate, to consider the state of the Union. Mr. Corwin, as chairman, reported — that all attempts on the part of State Legislatures to hinder the recovery and surrender of fugitives from labor were un constitutional, and that the States be requested to revise their laws in that regard ; that Congress has no authority to inter- CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS. 95 fere with slavery in the States ; that all attempts to rescue fugitive slaves should be discountenanced; that it is the duty of the Government to enforce the federal laws and preserve the Union ; and recommended some other action designed to soothe the South. Mr. Corwin also reported a joint-resolution proposing an amendment of the Constitution, to the effect that Congress shall never have power over slavery in the States. The resolutions were adopted, and the proposed amendment was first rejected and then adopted by the House of Repre sentatives, February 28th, 1861, by a vote of one hundred and thirty- three to sixty-five; and subsequently by the Senate, by a vote of twenty-four to twelve. The resolution was as follows : Article 13. No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State. Among those who voted for that amendment were such well-known names as Charles Francis Adams, Schuyler Colfax, William A. Howard, of Michigan, John Sherman, and many less prominent Republicans. Had not the secessionists pressed the country into a war, there is great reason to believe that the necessary number of States would have ratified the proposed amendment, and thus made it possible for all States so disposed to continue slavery while the nation lasted, or, having once abolished it, to resume it again at pleasure. The nation, as such, could then never become, by constitutional law, anti-slavery. On looking back now, it seems hardly possible that such a resolution could have passed Congress ; yet many members of that body, who were regarded as among the most trustworthy friends of freedom, were so overawed by the threats and terrors held out by the South, that they gave their sanction to the measure. The more to be commended are Mr. C. C. Washburn, of Wisconsin, and Mr. M. W. Tappan, of New Hampshire, of the same committee of thirty-three, who presented a minority report. It was able, and valuable in itself, but demands special notice here, because it was the production of Mr. Washburn, 96 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. who searched in vain to find any one besides Mr. Tappan to join him in its presentation. The closing part of the report was as follows : Having thus expressed our views on all the propositions of the committee that contemplate any action, we feel compelled to say, that in our judgment they are one and all powerless for permanent good. The dissatisfaction and discontent do not arise from the fact that the North has passed Personal Liberty bills, or that the Fugitive Slave law is not faithfully executed, neither do they arise from an appre hension that the north proposes to interfere with slavery in the States where it exists. The treasonable purposes of South Carolina are not of recent origin. In the recent convention of that State leading members made use of the following language, in the debate on the passage of the Ordinance of Secession. Mr. Parker. — "Mr. President, it appears to me, with great deference to the opinions that have been expressed, that the public mind is fully made up to the great occasion that now awaits us. It is no spasmodic effort that has come suddenly upon us, but it has been gradually culminating for a long series of years, until at last it has come to that point when we may say the matter is entirely right." Mr. Inglis. — "Mr. President, if there is any gentleman present who wishes to debate this matter, of course this body will hear him ; but as to delay for the pur pose of discussion, I, for one, am opposed to it. As my friend (Mr. Parker) has said, most of us have had this matter under consideration for the last twenty years, and I presume we have by this time, arrived at a decision upon the subject." Mr. Keitt. — "Sir, we are performing a great act, which involves not only the stirring present, but embraces the whole great future for ages to come. I have been engaged in this great movement ever since I entered political life. I am con tent with what has been done to-day, and' content with what will take place to-morrow. We have carried the body of this Union to its last resting place, and now we will drop the flag over its grave. After that is done, I am ready to adjourn, and leave the remaining ceremonies for to-morrow. ' ' Mr. Rhett. — "The secession of South Carolina is not an event of a day. It is not anything produced by Mr. Lincoln's election, or by non-execution of the Fugi tive Slave law. It has been a matter which has been gathering head for thirty years. The election of Lincoln and Hamlin was the last straw on the back of the camel. But it was not the only one. The back was nearly broken before. The point upon which I now differ from my friend, is this : He says he thought it expedient for us to put this great question before the world upon this simple matter of wrongs on the question of slavery, and that question turned upon the Fugitive Slave law. Now, in regard to the Fugitive Slave law, I myself doubt its constitutionality, and I doubted it on the floor of the Senate when I was a member of that body. The States, acting in their sovereign capacity, should be responsible for the rendition of fugitive slaves. This was our best security. ' ' Such sentiments, expressing the opinions of leading representative men in the South Carolina movement, ought to satisfy, it seems to us, any reasonable man, that the proposed measures of the majority of the committee will be powerless for good. South Carolina is our "sick man," that is laboring under the influence of the most distressing of maladies. A morbid disease which has been preying upon that State for a long series of years has at last assumed the character of acute mania, and has extended to other members of the Confederacy, and to think of restoring the patient to health by the nostrums proposed, is, in our judgment, perfectly idle. But we hear it said, " something must he done or the Union will be dissolved." Wo do not care to go into a nice calculation of the benefits and disadvantages to HONORABLE C. G. WASHBURN'S, REPORT. 97 the several States arising from the Union, with a view of striking a balance be tween them. Should we do so, we are convinced that that balance would largely favor the Southern section of the Confederacy. The North has never felt inclined to calculate the value of the Union. It may not be improper to inquire, in this connection, whether the State of South Caro lina and the other ultra secession States have been so oppressed by our Govern ment as to render their continuance in the Union intolerable to their citizens. It is not pretended that they ever lose fugitive slaves, or that any escaping from those States have not been delivered up when demanded ; nor is it pretended that the Personal Liberty bills of any State have practically affected any of their citizens. Neither do they complain that they cannot now go with their slaves into any territory of the United States. The Supreme Court has decided that they have that right Is it, then, complained that their citizens, under the operation of the Federal laws, are compelled to contribute an undue proportion of the means to maintain the Government? If so, and the complaint is well founded, it is deserving of notice. But it is not true in point of fact. We could easily demonstrate, by official figures, that the Government of the United States annually expends, for the exclusive use and benefit of South Carolina, a much larger sum than that State contributes for the support of the Government. This same rule will hold true in regard to most of the States that are now so anxious to dissolve their connection with the Union. Florida, which contains less than one five-hundredth part of the white popula tion of the Union, and a State which' has cost us, directly and indirectly, not less than $40,000,000, and upon which the General Government annually expends sums of money for her benefit, more than four times in excess of her contributions to the support of tEe Government, has raised her arm against the power which has so liberally sustained her. But we will not pursue this subject further. The Union of those States is a necessity, and will be preserved long after the misguided men who seek its over throw are dead and forgotten, or if not forgotten, only remembered as tho attempted destroyers of the fairest fabric erected for the preservation of human liberty that the world ever saw. It is not to be preserved by compromises or sacrifices of principles. - South Carolina, it is believed, is fast learning the value of the Union, and the experience she is no w acquiring will be of immeasurable value to her and her sister States, when she shall return to her allegiance. If other States insist upon the purchase of that knowledge in the school of experience at the price paid by South Carolina, while we may deprecate their folly, we cannot doubt its lasting value to them. Regarding the present discontent and hostility in the South as wholly without just cause, we submit the following resolution, which is the same as that recently offered in the United States Senate by Mr. Clark, of New Hampshire : I . " Resolved, That the provisions of the Constitution aro ample for the preservation of the Union, and the protection of all the material interests of the country ; that it needs to be obeyed rather than amended, and our extrication from present difficulties is to be looked' for in efforts to preserve and protect the public property and enforce the laws, rather than in new guarantees for particular interests, or compromises, or concessions to unreasonable demands. " (Signed) CO. WASHBURN, MASON W. TAPPAN. 98 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. In the course of the debates, Mr. Charles H. Larrabee, representative from Wisconsin, proposed a convention of States to settle the difficulties. And while these measures were pending in Congress, on the evening of February 4th, an important and very large Union meeting was held in Milwaukee, which reflected to some extent the sentiments of the State. Alexander Mitchell was the presiding officer, and George W. Allen reported a series of resolutions. They were in effect, that in the integrity of the Union center our warmest attachments, and that in its dismemberment we see go down our present greatness and prosperity ; that we approve the action of our Legislatui e in offering the power and credit of the State to assist in the enforcement of the Federal laws ; that we recommend to the Legislature the repeal of all unconstitutional laws, however inoperative they may be ; that we disavow all intention of interfering with the local institutions of Southern States ; that we recommend thS modification of the Fugitive act, so as to deprive it of certain odious features without impairing its efficiency; that we will approve any constitutional measures of Congress to avert the impending calamities of disunion and civil war; and that we recommend our Legislature to Bend delegates to Washington, in compliance with the request of Virginia, to harmonize the different sections of the country. Mr. 0. H. Waldo then presented resolutions which he intended as a substitute in part for those of the committee, and which so aptly expressed the existing feelings of most of the assembly, at that stage of public affairs, as to elicit frequent and prolonged applause. Even many who had restrained their real indignation /at the secessionists, by acquiescence in the first series of resolves, heartily endorsed Mr. Waldo's, which were as follows : Resolved, That we are satisfied with the Constitution of the United States as the fathers framed it — that in the true spirit of the fathers of the Republic, we are willing, in good faith, to abide by its concessions and compromises, and to keep all its guarantees — that, in our opinion, the chief hope of the American patriot, in thi? time of peril, must rest upon the loyalty of the people to the Union of these States upon the firm maintenance of the Constitution, as it is, and upon the forbearing bu* energetic and faithful execution of the laws. MR. 0. H. WALDO'S RESOLUTIONS. 99 Resolved, That the seizure of Federal forts, and the confiscation of Federal pro perty ; the siege of garrisons posted for the defence of the coast line and harbors of our country ; the violation of the commerce of the States upon the Mississippi highway ; the nulUfication of the laws for the collection of revenue ; the attempted secession from the Union of the extreme Southern States, a. large part of whose territory has been bought and defended by the blood and gold of the people of the whole country -, the threats of armed outrage upon the Federal capital itself, and the schemes and acts of prominent politicians, statesmen, and officials, as shown by public rumor and authorized investigation, disclose the existence of a wide-spread, treasonable scheme to subvert the Constitution and destroy the Union, and make it our first and prime duty to uphold and enforce the supremacy of the laws. Resolved, That it is the duty of the executive of the United States to enforce the Federal laws throughout the country ; to defend and preserve the Federal property, and to protect citizens of the United States in all their constitutional rights, at every hazard, and with aU the power of the Government, on land and on sea ; and as citizens of the State of Wisconsin, we pledge our cordial and untiring support, with purse or with sword, of all measures tending to the observance of these high constitutional obligations. Resolved, That while we recognize the propriety, under ordinary circumstances, of the whole people consulting in convention or otherwise, in a constitutional way, upon the necessity or wisdom of adding such new provisions as experience may have shown to be wanting, whenever any considerable portion of the people desire it, and while we are reminded by impending dangers of the duty of carefully scrutinizing the acts of our own State government, and of modifying or repealing such (if any such there are) as are in conflict with either the letter or the spirit of the Federal compact, yet we are not in favor of amending the Constitution or of so much as consulting upon the propriety of any such amendments, at the behest of traitors or rebels in arms, or as a condition of their return to loyalty and duty. Resolved, That the asserted claim of the right of peaceable secession, without consent or consultation, is a blow struck at the root of all constitutional government in America ; that, in our opinion, the assertion of that claim should be resisted, (prudently, indeed, and with the greatest degree of forbearance that is consistent rwith the maintenance of authority,) but persistently, and at any expense and at all hazards. President Buchanan appointed a fast day for the nation, among other things calling on Northern offenders to repent of their sins against the South; but tlie rebellion went on. According to the suggestion of General Quitman, ten years before, South Carolina took the lead in secession, and Missis sippi was the first to follow. Her Convention passed the ordinance of secession January 9th, 1861, by a vote of eighty- four to fifteen. On the 10th the Florida Convention followed, by a vote of sixty-two to seven. On the 11th the Alabama Convention passed the same ordinance, by a vote of sixty-one 100 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to thirty. On the 19th the Georgia State Convention did the same, by a vote of two hundred and eight to eighty-nine. On the 25th Louisiana passed the act of secession — one hundred and thirteen to seventeen. February 1st, Texas did likewise — one hundred and sixty-six to seven. RebeHeaders in other Southern States were preparing the way for the same step. January 18th, the Massachusetts Legislature passed resolves tendering the President the aid of the State "in men and money, and declaring the action of South Carolina an act of war. On the 25th Rhode Island repealed her Personal Liberty law. The United States Southern arsenals, containing one thousand two hundred cannon, that cost more than six millions of dollars, were seized by the seceding States, and also the Custom Houses, and the Mint at New Orleans. Unquestionably, in some of the Southern States, the act of secession was passed contrary to the will of the majority. Political maneuvering and dishonesty accomplished what openness and fairness would never have done. And after these acts were passed, an unscrupulous and cruel system was adopted toward those who were known still to adhere to the Union, Peaceable men were arrested and imprisoned on suspicion of not favoring the Confederacy. Some were hung on the charge of talking to slaves about liberty. Others were slain on the ground of speaking against noted secessionists and their deeds. Some were shot because it was reported that they were abolitionists. The cruel espionage held over men who in heart were still loyal to their rightful Government, may be partially conjectured from the following document, the* original of which the author of this book found in the depart ments of General John H. Winder, Provost Marshal of Rich mond, a few days after the evacuation of that city by the rebel army. The office rooms had then been turned over to the delegates of the Christian Commission. The writer of the letter, it will be seen, was a traitor and deserter from the United States service. Pbovost Marshal's Office, Columbia, South Carolina, General: September 11th, 1863. I have the honor respectfully to report that I have arrested three suspir cious characters (civilians). One is a telegraphic operator — one Steven- THE SECESSION ORDINANCES OF SOUTHERN STATES. 101 son— the other two are lithographers, one named Donaldson and the other Pugh. Stevenson and Donaldson have been carrying on a suspicious correspondence by telegraph, and I caught them in several falsehoods in relation to the matter. Pugh is an engraver in Keatinge and Ball's establishment, and was reported to me a few days since. He has been in the habit, as 1 understand, of advancing abolition sentiments in the presence of negroes who are working in Keatinge and Ball's office. "When the news of the evacuation of BattSry Wagner arrived here, this individual commenced singing the " Star Spangled Banner." I would respectfully request to know what I shall do with these persons. I was appointed Provost Marshal for this place some time since, but I would represent to you that I am very much cramped in my duties for want of a proper guard. I have represented that fact to Major C. D. Melton, commanding this post, but as yet have received no answer from him upon the subject. I should like very much to obtain a guard, as this is a central place and many suspicious individuals and deserters are lurking about here, whom I am unable to arrest on account of want of proper forces. I am, General, very respectfully, Your obedient servant, A. M. HASKELL, Major and Acting Adjutant General, Provost Marshal, (Late of the First U. S. Infantry.) Major General John H. Winder, Provost Marshal General, Richmond, Virginia. The Congress of the Southern seceded States met at Mont gomery, Alabama, February 4th. A Provisional Constitution was adopted on the 9th, which was superseded, March 11th, by a permanent one, substantially like that of the United States, with specific provisions for holding, transporting, and capturing slaves in all States and territories. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, was unanimously elected President, and A. H. Stephens, of Georgia, Vice-President. Their inaugural addresses recognized the difference between their government and state of society on the subject of slavery, and those of the North, as the extracts from both in the chapter on " Slavery, as a cause of the Rebellion," will show. Mr. Davis' journey to the new seat of Government, (he had previously resigned his seat in the United States Senate,) was represented as one continued ovation. He made twenty-five speeches to gathering crowds on the route. A letter, subse quently found, from him to his wife, expressed regret that their children had not witnessed the fine display of military 102 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. that greeted him oh the way, as they might never have another opportunity. How slight his conception then of the war and bloodshed that were to follow, and, finally, of his ignominious defeat, capture, and imprisonment! On the same day that this Southern rebel Congress met at Montgomery, the Virginia Conference, or "Peace Conven tion," assembled at Washington. It consisted of five delegates from each State (Wisconsin not represented), appointed by the Governors, and its object was to invent some plan of adjust ment. Ex-President Tyler, of Virginia, was its president. It adopted the Crittenden Compromise with some modifica tions, which was rejected by the Senate, and not acted on by the House; Mr. Corwin's report being preferred by both bodies. In the Peace Convention, a proposition to call a convention of the States, which was known to be favored by Mr. Lincoln, and many others of all parties at the North, was voted down by aid of the slaveholding States. After the secessionists left Congress, three territories were organized — Colorado, Nevada, and Dakotah, without any stipulation excluding slavery. Both houses passed a resolve for a constitutional amendment that should forever forbid any action of Congress to abolish slavery in any State that desired to retain it. In the extra session of the Senate, Mr. Douglas, in a debate with Senator Breckenridge, (claiming that the Republicans had changed their position,) said:x From the beginning of this Government down to 1S59, slavery was prohibited by Congress, in some portion of the territories of the United States. But now, for the first time in the history of this Government, there is no foot of ground in America wliere slavery is prohibited by act of Congress. * * * * There never has been a time since the Government was founded, when the right of slaveholders to emigrate to the territories, to carry with them their slaves, and to hold them on equal footing with all other property, was as fully and distinctly recognized in all the territories, as at this time, and that, too, by the unanimous vote of the Republican party in both houses of Congress. Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, on the floor of the Senate, March 2d, made the following remarks : Mr. President, I have some knowledge of the feelings of the people in tho Northern States on this subject, both of the Democratic party and the Republican FORMATION OF THE CONFEDERACY. 103 party, and I declare to you, the representatives of the slave States, that I never saw an individual member of the Republican party who ever claimed the right, or who ever expressed the wish, that Congress should have the power to interfere with your domestic institutions, any more than they would allow you to interfere with our domestic institutions, with our relations of husband and wife, or master and apprentice, or parent and child. I have sworn to support the Constitution. The doctrine of State rights, as I understand it, reserving to the States sovereign power over their domestic institutions and all their local affairs, is a doctrine which I have cherished all my life. I believe it, and would cling to it as to a part of my religious faith. I would sooner yield my life than allow the Federal Government to usurp the power to control the domestic institutions of the States. This Govern ment would be changed in its fundamental idea by having such a power conferred, and it would become a consolidated despotism, if any such power be usurped — a complete revolution. But nothing would suffice with the leading secessionists but secession. They had now come just where they could pluck, the fruit they had long been cultivating. Why should they be despoiled the opportunity ? They boasted that they had a basis for society and government irreconcilable with that of the North. They claimed that they organized on nature's clear distinction between the two races — one being designed for freedom, the other for slavery. They would throw a flood of light on this question ! They would amaze the world with their experiment ! Infatuated men ! Whom the gods would destroy, they first make mad, is the ancient proverb. The true God gave them up to their own devices. Nothing, then, could have stayed them in their purpose but an actual and complete surrender, by the majority at the North, of all their cherished principles of freedom. No action against slavery, no liberty of speech against it, would have been granted. And yet, the mass of the Southern people, excepting the chiefs of the rebellion, anticipated no long separation. They believed the North would bow the knee, crave their pardon, give up the old Union, and ask the privilege of entering theirs.. They musingly, cheerfully considered whom they would receive — whom reject. February 11th, Mr. Lincoln, the President elect, commenced his journey to Washington. His brief address to his neigh bors, at the depot in Springfield, Illinois, was impressive then, 104 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and is made more so now by the sad event of his death. He said : My PrietoS : — No one not in my position can appreciate the sadness I feel at this parting. To this people I owe all that, I am. Here I have lived more than a quarter of a century ; here my children were born, and here one of them lies buried. I know not how soon I shall see you again. A duty devolves upon me which is, perhaps, greater than that which has devolved upon any other man since the days of Washington. He never would have, succeeded except for the aid of Divine Providence, upon which he at all times relied. I feel that I cannot succeed without the same divine aid which sustained him ; on the same Almighty Being I place my reliance for support, and I hope you, my friends, will all pray that I may receive that divine assistance, without which I cannot succeed ; but with which success is certain. Again, I bid you all an affectionate farewell." His route to the capital was by the way of Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Columbus, Pittsburg, Cleveland, Buffalo (where he spent the Sabbath), Albany, New York City, Trenton, Philadel phia, Harrisburg, and Baltimore. He was entertained in all these cities by the authorities or the State Legislatures. A grand ovation attended him everywhere, the people manifesting their attachment to the Union by their attentions to its chief magis trate elect ; and thus, also, expressing their hope that by his wisdom and energy the nation would be safely guided through the perilous storm that was impending. In New York City, 200,000 people hailed him on the streets. But, arriving at Harrisburg, he and his friends received evidence of a plot to create a riot in Baltimore, as he passed through by appoint ment on the 23rd, arid, in the confusion, to assassinate him. Abruptly and secretly, by the urgency of friends, he left the capital of Pennsylvania, and early on the morning of ihe 23rd entered Washington. Two days after, intelligence came that Brigadier General Twiggs, Commandant in Texas, had betrayed his country, surrendered the soldiers, and given the whole of the United States property in his department to the Texan State authorities. The inauguration at Washington was not trusted to ordinary provision and precaution. Gene rals Scott and Wool distributed military forces throughout the city, and President Buchanan lent a graceful efficiency in making all suitable preparations for the peaceful installation of his successor. INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN — HIS ADDRESS. 105 A smiling sun greeted the crowds in Washington on the morning of the 4th of March, 1861. The sixteenth President of the United States was to be inaugurated. But the many threats that he should never enter upon that office, had filled the loyal nation with extreme solicitude in regard to the con templated event. A great multitude thronged the capital city. Resistance to the act were vain and suicidal, and none was attempted. Mr. Lincoln's inaugural address, bearing exclu sively on the peculiar state of the nation, and being so tem pered, with kindness toward the South, and so declaratory of the unoffending principles which he designed for his adminis tration, deserves a repetition in every history of that time. Having reached the platform in the eastern portico of the Capitol, and being introduced by Senator Baker, of Oregon, to the vast multitude that stood before him and received him, the most in silence, some with cheers, he unrolled his manu script^ and read as follows : INAUGURAL address. Fellow citizens of the United States : In compliance with a custom as old as the Government itself, I appear before you to address you briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath prescribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President before he enters on the execution of his office. I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States, that, by the accession of a Eepublican Administration, their property, and their peace and personal security are to be endan gered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such apprehen sion. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed, and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the published speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches, when I declare that "I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists." I believe I have no lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nomi nated and elected me, did so with the full knowledge that I had made this, and many similar declarations, and had never recanted them. And, more than this, they placed in the platform, for my acceptance, 'and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu tion which I now read : " Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own 106 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. domestic . institutions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the perfection and endur ance of our political fabric depend; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no v matter under what pretext, as among, the gravest of crimes." I now reiterate these sentiments ; and, in doing so, I only press upon the public attention the most conclusive evidence of which the case is susceptible, that the property, peace, and security of no section are to be in any wise endangered by the now in-coming Adminis tration. I add, too, that all the protection which, consistently with the Con stitution and the laws, can be given, will be cheerfully given to all the States, when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully to one section as to another. - There is much controversy about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions : " No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made.it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law. All members of Congress swear their support to the whole Consti tution — to this provision as well as any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause "shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath ? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by National or by State authority ; but surely that difference is not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done ; and should any one, in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept ? Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in- civilized and humane jurisprudence to be intro duced, so that a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a slave ? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guarantees that " the citizens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States ?" I take the official oath to-day with no mental reservations, and with' no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypocritical rules ; and, while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Con gress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest, that it will be much safer president Lincoln's inaugural, address. 107 for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of them, trusting to .find impunity' in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy- two years since' the first inauguration of a President under our National Constitution. During that period, fifteen different and very distinguished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the government. They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope for precedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief constitutional term of four years, under great and peculiar difficulties. A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold that, in the contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination. Con tinue to execute all the express provisions of our national Consti tution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it except by some action not provided for ins the instrument itself. Again, if the United, States be not a government proper, but an association of States in the nature of a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it? One party to a contract may violate it — break it, so to speak ; but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it? Descending from these general principles, we find the proposition that in legal contem plation the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association, in 1774. It was matured and continued in the Declaration of Independence, in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778; and. finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to form a more perfect union. But, if the destruction of the Union by one or, by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, the Constitution having lost the vital element of perpetuity. It follows from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void; and that acts of violence within any State or States, against the authority of the United States, are insurrec tionary or revolutionary, according to circumstances. I therefore consider that, in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, 'and to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisite power, or in some. authoritative manner direct the contrary. 108 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself. In doing this, there need be no bloodshed or violence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will be used to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and collect the duties and imposts; but, beyond what maybe necessary for these objects, there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. Where hostility to the United States shall be so great and so universal as to prevent competent resident citizens from holding the Federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people for that object. "While the strict legal right may exist of the Government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time the uses of such offices. The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union. So far as possible, the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and re flection. The course here indicated will be followed, unless current events and experience shall show a modification or change to be proper ; and in every .case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections. That there are persons, in one section or another, who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor deny. But, if there be such, I need address no word to them. f To those, however, who really love the Union, may I not speak? Before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes, would it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? "Will you hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the ills you fly from have no real exist ence ? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to are greater than all the real ones you fly from — will you risk the commission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be content in the Union if all constitu tional rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, plainly written in the Constitution, has been denied ? I think not. Happily, the human mind is so constituted that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers, a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly written constitutional right, it might, in a moral point" of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, if such right were a vital one. But such is not our case. PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 109 All the vital rights of minorities and of individuals are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and negations, guarantees and pro hibitions, in the Constitution, that controversies never arise concerning them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifi cally applicable to every question which may occur in practical admin istration. No foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reasonable length contain, express provisions for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by National or by State authority? The Constitution does not expressly say. Must Congress* protect slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of this class spring all our constitutional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and minorities. If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the Gov ernment must cease. There is no alternative for continuing the Gov ernment but acquiescence on the one side or the other. If a minority in such a case will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be controlled by such a minority. For instance, why not any portion of a new con federacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional check and limitation, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sentiments, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unan imity is impossible. The rule of a minority, as a permanent arrange ment, is wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority prin"- ciple, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left. I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decisions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other depart ments of the Government ; and while it is obviously possible that such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still, the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be overruled, and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time, the candid citizen must confess that, if the policy of the Government upon the vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevocably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own masters, haviug to that extent practically resigned tneir government into the hands of that eminent tribunal. Nor is there in this view any assault upon the court or the judges. 110 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. It is a duty from which they may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought before them, and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions to political purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the only substantial dispute ; and the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the law for the suppression of the foreign slave-trade, are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a community where the moral sense of the people imperfectly supports the law itself. The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be per fectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before. The foreign slave-trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without restriction, in one section, while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking, we cannot separate — we cannot remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different parts of our country cannot "do this. They cannot but remain face to face ; and intercourse, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before ? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws ? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always ; and when, after much loss on both sides, and no gain on either, you cease fight ing, the identical questions as to terms of intercourse are again upon you. _ This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing Government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending, or their revo lutionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I cannot be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national Constitution amended. While I make no recom mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full authority of the people over tlie whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself; and I should, under existing cir cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair opportunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add, that to me the convention mode seems prefer able, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people them selves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish either to accept or refuse. I understand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution (which amendment, however, I have not seen) has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS. Ill my purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. The chief magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves, also, can do this if they choose, but the executive, as such, has nothing, to do with it. His duty is to administer the present Government as it came to his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people ? Is there any better or. equal hope in the world? In our present differ ences, is either party without faith of being in the right ? If the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on yours of the South, that truth, and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal — the American people. By the frame of the Government under which we live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided for the return of that little to their own hands at very short Intervals. While the people retain their virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years. My countrymen, one and all; think calmly and well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be an object to hurry any of you in hot haste, to a step which you would never take deliberately, that object will be frustrated by taking time, but no good object can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and, on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it ; while the new administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulties. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors,. You can have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Govern ment, while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend" it. I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affectiqfi. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as Burely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. 112 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. There is joy at the North that the inauguration occurred without any disturbance. There is hope that the peaceful tenor of the inaugural address will have a mollifying influ ence on the South. But at Montgomery it is pronounced a "war declaration;" and such becomes the echo throughout all the States involved in the rebellion. It did not concede seces sion, nor recognize the lawful existence of the Confederacy, nor acknowledge that the North was wholly wrong and the South wholly right in this controversy, therefore it meant resistance to their claims, and warfare. On March 4th, the Confederate flag is unfurled from the Capitol in Montgomery. It has three broad bars, red, white, and red, with a blue field and seven stars, and room for more stars. The Confederate Congress passes an army bill to call 50,000 troops to the field immediately. General Twiggs enjoys a public reception in New Orleans, and the Louisiana Legislature commends his traitorous conduct. Alabama turns over to the Confederate States the forts, arms, muni tions, etc., she has seized from the United States. Georgia does likewise. March 12th, two Confederate Commissioners having repaired to Washington, communicate their mission, by letter, to Secretary Seward, pronouncing their seven States an " independent nation, de facto and de jure," with a " Gov ernment perfect in all its parts, and endowed with all the means of self-support." They ask that a day may be ap pointed when they may present their credentials to the Presi dent. On the 15th Mr. Seward makes a " memorandum " of their communication, but declines to address them, or in any way recognize them in the capacity they claim. The " memo randum " has the approval of the President, and is laid aside, not being called for by the "Commissioners" until April 8th, who then distinctly understand that they are denied recognition. Brigadier General Beauregard, in the Confede rate service, is appointed to the command of all troops in and around Charleston. Braxton Bragg and William J. Hardee, formerly United States officers, are also found to be traitors, the former being commissioned brigadier general, and the latter colonel in the Confederate army. Texas joins the Con federacy, Governor Houston refusing, and being deposed. THE QUESTION OF COERCION. 113 The Missouri Senate votes to instruct the Congressmen of the State to oppose the coercion of the seceded States, and to retire from that body if that measure is adopted. The Ohio Legislature passes a resolution asking Congress to call a national convention. Illinois, Kentucky, and New Jersey, do the same, for proposing amendments to the Constitution. The great question in the Senate and the country was, will the Government proceed to coerce the Confederate States? Even some Republicans had been in favor of allowing them peaceably to withdraw, if with proper provisions. Some governmental officers, perhaps the President, doubted whether to withdraw Major Anderson from Port Sumter, or reinforce him. Mr. Douglas gave his voice at this time against co ercion. It would be difficult or impossible. There were constitutional difficulties, he claimed, in the way of the President's using the war power effectively. We were bound to make concessions and amendments for peace. Concerning the surrender of Southern fortresses, he said in the Senate : We certainly cannot justify the holding of forts there, muoh less the recap turing of those which have been taken, unless we intend to reduce those States themselves into subjection. * * * We cannot deny that there is a Southern Confederacy, de facto, in existence, with its capital at Montgomery. We may regret it. I regret it most profoundly ; but I cannot deny the truth of the fact, painful and mortifying as it is. Mr. Clingman, of North Carolina, offered the following resolution in the Senate: Resolved, That, in the opinion of the Senate, it is expedient that 'the President withdraw all Federal troops from the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas, and Louisiana, and abstain from all attempts to collect revenue in these States. Mr. Breckinridge, hand in hand then with the traitors, offered the following : Resolved, That the Senate recommend and advise the removal of the United States troops from the limits of the Confederate States. The Senate adjourned too soon for action on either. At all this hesitation the South took courage. They generally believed the North were too aelfish or too cowardly to fight The New Orleans Bee of March 10th, contained the following: 8 114 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Black Republicans are a cowardly set, after all They have not the courage of their own convictions. They tamper with their principles. Loathing slavery, they are willing to incur almost any sacrifice rather than surrender the Border States. Appearances indicate their disposition even to forego the exquisite delight of sending armies and fleets to make war on the Confederate States, rather than run the risk of forfeiting the allegiance of the frontier slave States. We see by this how hollow and perfidious is their policy, and how inconsistent are their acts with their professions. The truth is, they abhor slavery ; but they are fully alive to the danger of losing their power and influence, should they drive Virginia and the other Border States out of the Union. They chafe, doubtless, at the hard necessity of permitting South Carolina and her sisters to escape from their thraldom ; but it is a necessity, and they must, perforce, submit to it. The United States Senate was' convened in extra session March 5th, and on the 6th the senatorial standing committees were appointed ; the North, for the. first time in the history of the nation, having a majority of the chairmanships. Senator Doolittle, of Wisconsin, was appointed chairman of the com mittee on Indian affairs. The same day Mr. Clingman, of North Carolina, assailed the President's inaugural, and Mr. Douglas ably, and contrary to the expectation of many, defended it, and pronounced it a declaration for peace, and not for war. Mr. Wigfall, of Texas, having declared that he held no allegiance to the United States Government, Mr. Poster, of Connecticut, moved his expulsion. In the debate on this question, Senators Mason and Hunter, of Virginia, developed their State rights doctrine by affirming and arguing that they held no allegiance to the United States Government, but to Virginia only. Virginia was their sovereign, not the United States. March 13th, Senator Douglas presented a resolution of inquiry relative to Southern forts, arsenals, and military operations, aiming to draw out the plans and purposes of the Administration. It led to a variety of discussion. On the 22d, Senator Howe, of Wisconsin, who had but recently entered that body, made an able speech, and giving way for an executive session, resumed and completed it three days thereafter. In one passage, deprecating the disparaging views of the strength of the Government, expressed by Messrs. Douglas, Maynard, and Breckinridge, he said : * * Congressional Globe, Thirty-sixth Congress, page 1491. MR. HOWE IN THE SENATE. 115 I wish to note this peculiarity and this characteristic attending them all : there is a general, a studied, a deliberate dwarfing and belittling of the Government of the United States, and of the people of the United States. We hear every day that this thing cannot be done ; that the nation is not equal to this emergency, to that enterprise, to the other endeavor ; you must surrender that post, you cannot hold it ; you must abandon, that section, you are not strong enough to stay there ; it is within your jurisdiction, but you have not force enough to hold it. The Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Breckinridge] remarked to us, a few days ago, ' ' Tou must abandon all the States which abjure the authority of this nation." Why? Because you have not force enough to maintain your authority there, and not enough to do more than to irritate the people there I It does seem to me that th's is strange language to be used by the representatives of the people of the United States, here or elsewhere. It would do for our enemies to say such things. I hardly think — and I say it with the utmost respect — that it is becoming in our friends to say these things. We have not been accustomed to hear them. Our notion has been here tofore, that the authority of the United States extended to its utmost limits, and that the power of the United States was sufficient to defend its authority anywhere within those limits, and was quite equal to sustaining it against any nationality or any power in the world. Replying to Mr. Breckinridge, he remarked : The Senator from Kentucky, the other day, as I understood him, declared, very frankly, that this form of government, when administered in accordance with the terms of the Constitution, he believed was the best form of government upon earth. Why, then, seek to change it ? Why, then, seek to disturb it ? Has it not been administered in accordance with the forms of the Constitution ? If so, whose fault is it? Not, certainly, the fault of the Republican party ; not the fault of the friends of the Administration now in power. We never administered it a day until the 4th of March, and are scarcely administering it to-day. We are scarcely intrusted with the administration of the Government, but only with the administration of one department of the Government ; and that is, the executive. The laws upon the statute book, which the President announces his purpose to execute, are not laws of our dictation, not laws of Republican devising. The only right which the Executive challenges is the right to execute laws which he finds upon the statute book, not those which he places upon the statute book ; and I do not know of a single statute upon the books affecting this question of slavery which has been passed by Republican dictation ; I do not know of one which has not been passed in defiance of Republican direction. And again, responding to statements from the same Senator, he remarked : Sir, the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Breckinridge] indulged, the other day, it. most gratifying reflections. He turned us all back to the period when the citizens of his own State fought the battles of our common country upon the plains of the North-West We have not forgotten that passage in our history — not a word of it, not a syllable of it That blood is all gathered up there, and is still circulating there. We cannot carry hack those boues which, he told us, were bleaching 116 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. there, but we can tell him this : that if ever a foreign enemy, or a domestic enemy, assail the peace or assault the honor of the State of Kentucky, we will brhig our own bones there, and pay him in kind. Sir, I fear we do not remember that the people of the United States have gathered within them the blood which free dom has shed upon all her battle fields, from Marathon to Torktown. Do not try to subdue them. Slow to a controversy, they are difficult to give it up. They have not forgotten how to die, they never knew how to surrender.- Senator Howe had also an encounter with Mr. Clingman, of North Carolina, as follows : I am not advocating or assenting to the policy, the justice, or the expediency of allowing slavery to go into the territories of the United States. I do not remember a time when I have ever been willing to assent to it myself. I do not anticipate a time when I shall be willing to assent to it ; nor do I anticipate any contingency which will make, me assent to it ; but whether it shall or shall not go into the territories of the United States, I say, and we say, is a question which should be submitted to the people of the United States. As when the people of the United States have decided against us over and over again heretofore, we have submitted, so if the people shall decide against them hereafter, we ask and demand that they shall submit also. Mr. Clingman. — I wish to see if I understand the honorable Senator. By "the people of tlie United States," what people does he mean? Does he mean the people of the territories who have an interest in it ? Is he willing to adopt the popular sovereignty view of the Senator from Illinois, or does he mean that the people in North Carolina or Massachusetts, for example, should determine what New Mexico is to do with this question ? Mr. Howe. — Mr. President, I did not suppose there could be any mistake about the identity of the people of the United States. There never has been until within a few months. [Laughter.] But let me answer him more directly. I am not willing that the people of North Carolina shall say whether slavery shall or shall not exist in the Terri tory of Nevada. He asks me, am I willing that the people of the Territory of Nevada shall determine that question for themselves? No, sir ; for this plain reason, the people of the Territory of Nevada do not own the Terri tory of Nevada. Mr. Clingman.— Well — Mr. Howe. — Let me finish the answer. The people of the United States own it ; and I have as much confidence in their intelligence, and in their justice, and in their capacity to determine that question, as I have in the people of any one of the territories ; and I think it is the better tribunal of the two, because they have the first, the heaviest, and the more direct interest in the right decision of the question. Mr. Clingman. — The Senator says the people of North Carolina have no right to determine it. What better right, then, have the people of his State or of any other State ? Mr. Howe. — Not any better, but precisely the same. The people of North Carolina and the people of the thirty-three other States constitute exactly the tribu nal that I want to submit this question to — the tribunal to whoso decision I want the people of all these States to submit. I beg the Senator not to understand that PREPARATIONS TO RELIEVE SUMTER. 117 I want to monopolize the decision of this question for the people of Wisconsin, which I in part represent here ; that I want to usurp jurisdiction over it on behalf of the people of any one section of the country. I want it to be submitted to the inteliigenoe, the wisdom, the patriotism, and the justice of the people of all the States ; and then I want the patriotism and the loyalty of the people of all the States to recognize the decision when it is made. Is that unreasonable ? Is that unjust? Sir, I did not mean to be drawn into a discussion of the question whether it is wise or unwise that slavery should be permitted to go into the territories. That question is not pending before the people of the United States ; it is not pending before this body. The question, if any question be here, is, whether you will submit to the ¦ authority of the people of the United States on that and other matters? Admit, if you please,- that it he wise that slavery should go there ; that it be just that a citizen of North Carolina should have the right to take that class of property there when he sees fit to go himself ; the question I propound to the Senators on the other side is this : because they are, or are not, permitted to do that thing, is that a reason why they should not contribute to the revenues of the United States, which revenues are to be expended for their protection ? Because a citizen of North Carolina is not allowed to take slaves into Kansas, is that a reason why your forts' must be surrendered — why your troops must be driven back — why your treasury shall be plundered — why your flag shall be trailed in the dust? On March 27th, Colonel Ward H. Lamon, the President's messenger, reported favorably of the condition of the garrison at Sumter, but positively that reinforcements could not be introduced without conflict, which might result in a Federal defeat. Meantime quiet but extensive preparations were being made in New York city, and the navy yards still held by the Union, for reinforcing the Southern forts. Every avail able government vessel was put in requisition. On the 6th and 7th of April, several steamers loaded with naval stores and munitions, left the port of New York. The intelligence flashed to the South, and produced great excitement. On the 6th, General Beauregard annouuced to Major Anderson that he would be allowed no further communication with the land — a step toward demanding his surrender. Lieutenant Talbot, who had borne messages from Major Anderson to the Presi dent, was, on the 8th of April, sent back to Charleston to give notice to Governor Pickens that Port Sumter would be supplied with provisions at all hazards. He was denied access to Major Anderson, but Beauregard telegraphed his message to Montgomery, and on the 10th received orders to demand the evacuation of Port Sumter, and if that was refused, to 118 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. reduce it. On the 11th he made the demand, and Major Anderson promptly refused, though indicating that without additional provisions he, could not hold out long. At eleven P. M. of the same day, or one A. M. of the 12th, Beauregard, still further instructed from Montgomery, inquired of Major Anderson at what time he would evacuate the fort if he were not fired upon. Major Anderson replied that he would do so at noon on the 15th, if prior to that time he did not receive additional supplies, or controlling instructions from his Gov ernment. That indicated a purpose never to yield if able to hold out, and at twenty minutes past three that morning, Beau regard sent word to him that firing would be opened on the fort in one hour. The hour had just expired, when the first gun belched forth her flame on that fortress of the United States, and the war instituted by treason was begun. Quickly the first shot was succeeded by others ; a circle of fifty cannon around the harbor poured in their heavy balls and shells upon the walls, and roof, and open space, of the beleaguered fortress, creating a terrible storm of fire. It was a deed commenced in dark ness, and that was suitable to its nature. Major Anderson, after receiving warning of the attack, hoisted the good old flag to its place, it having been lowered for the night, closed up the entrances to the fort, called in the sentinels from their posts, and sat down with his men to await that threatened event that would begin the delug% of the land with blood. After their scanty morning meal, consisting only of rice, coffee, and salt pork, at five minutes before seven o'clock, Major Anderson opened his guns on the rebels — eighty men against seven thousand. The firing became furious. The walls of the fort were broken ; stone and brick were flying in a thousand directions ; cannon balls and bursting shells came crashing into the inclosure ; scarcely a moment of all the day was free from the plunging deadly missiles ; three times the wooden structures of the fort were set on fire, and three times brave men in much danger extinguished the flames. In the morning the soldiers had partaken sparingly of their scanty provisions ; at noon they ate their last piece of bread ; at night they lay down to rest from their weariness, while fresh gunners in the rebel forts still poured the storm of war BOMBARDMENT OF FORT SUMTER. 119 upon them. During the first day, about two thousand five hundred shots had taken effect on the fort. With the morning of Saturday, April 13th, they renew their defence, though faint from want of food, and seeing as yet no appearance of succor in the conflict. Their country's ships stand out at sea, and now and then dip their flags to the defenders of the fortress, in recognition of their bravery, but dare not come within range of the traitors' guns. While Sumter's flag is dipped in return, Sergeant Hart sees it lowered, as though by the shot of the enemy, and springs to lift it to its place again. The fourth time on the morning of Saturday, the wooden structures take fire, and finding that hot ball and shell were being fired upon them, to put out the flame is deemed impossible. The conflagration becomes general ; the magazine is in danger of explosion ; the whole garrison set to work to roll out the ban-els of powder through the flames; ninety-six. are brought forth, when the heat becomes so intense that the work ceases ; the wind drives the heat and smoke upon the men, until they are almost blinded and stifled, and they fling wet cloths upon their faces, and throw themselves upon the earth to get breath and protection. On Friday their cartridges gave out, and they made more of 'their shirt sleeves. On Saturday they were nearly gone again, and the firing from the fort became less. But as the con flagration increased, and became visible to the enemy, his firing became more frequent and intense. An explosion of some shell and ammunition occurred, with fearful results. Bar rels of powder that had been protected by wet covering, were so endangered that they threw them into the sea; and the whole fort became so intensely heated, that no safe breath could be obtained except through wet cloths. Only three cartridges are now left. The flag-staff is shot down ; Lieu tenant Hall rushes forward and brings the loved emblem away. It is planted on the ramparts in the midst of the enemy's firing. But seeing it fall, the Texas Senator, Wigfall, comes in a skiff to an embrasure of the fort, inquires the meaning of the lowered flag, and is promptly told it is not down. He urges a surrender, because resistance is useless. Messengers come from Beauregard. Major Anderson tells 120 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. them that his only terms of surrender are the same that he gave before. They are accepted, and the battle is over. The exulting inhabitants of Charleston, who had been stream ing out these two days to witness the scene, now turn back to their dwellings with great exultation, far from suspecting that before this opened strife shall have closed, their own city will 'fall, as Sumter had fallen, and the wrath of long years of war will brhig desolation, anguish, and despair to all their homes. According to rebel authorities, their forces suffered no loss in killed during the battle. None had occurred in the fort ; but in the process of evacuation, the explosion of a shell killed one, David Hough, and wounded three ; and two or three had been wounded before. The heroic and noble Major Anderson and his men embarked on the Federal steamship Baltic, for New York, where he immediately reported to his Government as follows : Steamship Baltic, off Sandy Hook, ) April 18th, 1861. [ The Son. S. Cameron, Secretary of War, Washington, D. G. Sir : Having defended Fort Sumter for thirty-four hours, until the quarters were entirely burned, the main gates destroyed, the gorge- wall seriously injured, the magazine surrounded by flames, and its door closed from the effects of the heat, four barrels and three cartridges of powder only being available, and no provisions but pork remaining, I accepted terms of evacuation offered by General Beauregard (being the same offered by him on the 11th instant, prior to the commence ment of hostilities), and marched' out of the fort on Sunday after noon, the 14th instant, with colors flying and drums beating, bringing away company and private property, and saluting my flag with fifty guns. ROBERT ANDERSON, Major First Artillery. CHAPTER VI. THE UP-RISING OF THE PEOPLE. THE THRILLING NEWS, — THE SHOCK, — THE DETERMINATION,-^- THE AC TION, — THE PRESIDENTIAL AND GUBERNATORIAL PROCLAMATIONS, — THE ENTHUSIASTIC MEETINGS, — THE FLAG-RAISINGS, — THE VOLUN TEERING, — THE GIFTS FOR SOLDIERS' FAMILIES,^— THE UNITY OF THE PEOPLE. The fall of Sumter sent an amazing thrill through the nation. At the north it was one of terrible disappointment and indignation ; at the South, of surprise and delight. Men are sometimes shocked by the very things that they desire and expect. The change is greater than they had conceived. The results are more fruitful and extensive than they had calcu lated. So it was at the South. It threw an activity into tjieir society that for a moment broke up the spell of their commer cial dullness, which had gradually succeeded the beginning of open secession five months before. The promised prosperity made by the Confederacy had not been realized. Banks had suspended, trade had fallen off, employment had received less demand, and the seceded States needed already a new impetus or era, or their fortunes would falter and fail. The announce ment that Sumter had surrendered to the great Confederacy, produced wild excitement and flattering hopes every where at the South, and on then* bosom all things were tossed into action. But at the North, there was first a staggering unbelief and confusion, then a sullen but rising determination under disap pointment and indignation ; and as soon as men had had a few hours for assurance of the facts, and interchange of opinions, a profound and almost universal enthusiasm of love and devo tion for the Union. "To arms!" " Sumter shall be retaken !" 122 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. "The dishonor to the old flag shall be avenged!" were the cries of the people. The evacuation of Fort Sumter took place on the Sabbath. While the sad process was transpiring, the electric wires run ning over the country, were carrying the intelligence of the surrender — strange and doubtful news to most. On Sabbath evening some are in the house of worship, praying about the uncertain story, to the God who knew perfectly the whole scene of the nation ; some discourse to the people in troub lous fears, about the value and cost of the Union, the neces sity of Government and the duty of war at times to sustain it; some at a late hour watch the telegraphic messages to know what has been done that day thousands of miles distant, and to know what the nation is thinking of; and millions lie down on their beds that night with hearts heavier than a pillow of stone. The next morning they wonder whether it is a nightmare dream or a reality that makes them so thoughtful and serious. They take up the newspaper brought to their door, or they hurry away to the neighboring village, and all doubts reluc tantly disappear at the following : PROCLAMATION. "Whereas, the laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth the militia of the several States of the Union to the aggregate number of seventy- five thousand, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. The details for this object will be immediately communicated to the State authorities through the "War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union ; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with tho THE EFFECTS OF THE PROCLAMATION. 123 objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or inter ference with, property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the country ; and I hereby command the persons composing the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty days from this date. Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution, convene both houses of Congress. The senators and representatives are therefore summoned to assemble at their respective chambers at twelve o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the 4th day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such meas ures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and interest may seem to demand. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed^ Done at the City of Washington, this 15th day of April, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independence of.the United States the eighty -fiftn. Abraham Lincoln. By the President : Wm. H. Seward, Secretary of State. Many had doubted whether the President would so interpret his power as to call out soldiers for war. His prompt action gave an impetus to the spirit and energy of the people. Then was the wonderful spectacle of nineteen millions swayed by one impulse of patriotism. The whole loyal North through thousands of miles rocked with excitement. The roar of their5 awakened enthusiasm went up to the heavens as the cho rus of the waves from the mighty ocean. The South had long supposed that no power, would dare attempt their " coercion." On the basis of this supposition they had built their Confede racy. They calculated that their professions of war, their military swagger and bravado spirit would intimidate their op ponents into all desirable concessions. They had fought duels, they could fight battles, and none would dare measure with them the strength of arms. They had ruled the nation in peace, they would rule it in war if that were attempted. But only a few days after the Presidential Proclamation was issued another spirit came over their dreams. They saw a rousing to arms at the North that portended darkness to their future. Their well known sympathizers at the North were hushed and humbled into silence. Party walls were bro- 124 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ken down. The loyalists swept the field. None evinced heart or courage to defend those who had madly stricken down the American Flag. None dared to say that a just pro vocation had been given to the rebels for their deed. It was patent to the world that the United States Government had desired peace. Her chief magistrate, the leader of the people, had done nothing but notify the traitors that he intended to feed and protect four score of loyal soldiers in Fort Sumter. He had done nothing but assume that he was set for the legit imate use of the property of the nation, and the manful defence of her citizens. The United States were to remain united until some higher power than his own decreed their dissolution. The justice of his position none could question. The spirits of millions had chafed and languished under the preceding executive, for want of some such bold and decided declaration. The call for troops fitted to their aching hearts as the flame to the tinder. It set them on fire with a lofty, enthusiastic patriotism. So early as the next day after the proclamation of the Presi dent there was issued another, nearer home to Wisconsin. PROCLAMATION. To the Loyal Citizens of Wisconsin : m For the first time in the history of this Federal Government, organ ized treason has manifested itself within several States of the Union, and armed rebels are making war against it. The Proclamation of the President of the United States tells of unlawful combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary manner, and calls for military forces to suppress such combinations, and to sustain him in executing the laws. The treasures of the country must no longer be plundered ; the public property must be protected from aggressive violence ; that already seized must be retaken, and the laws must be executed in every State of the Union alike. A demand made upon "Wisconsin by the President of the United States for aid to sustain the Federal arm, must meet with a prompt response. One regiment of -the militia of this State will be required for immediate service, and further service will be required as the exigencies of the Government may demand. It is a time when, against the civil and religious liberties of the people, and against the integrity of the Government of the United States, parties, and politicians, and platforms, must be as dust in the balance. All good citizens, every where, must join in making common cause against a common enemy. GOVERNOR RANDALL'S PROCLAMATION. 125 Opportunities will be immediately offered to all existing military companies, under the direction of the proper authorities of the State, for enlistment to fill the demand of the Federal Government, and I hereby invite the patriotic citizens of the State to enroll themselves into companies of seventy-eight men each, and to advise the Executive of their readiness to be mustered into service immediately. Detailed instructions will be furnished on the acceptance of companies, and the commissioned officers of each regiment will nominate their own field officers. In times of public danger bad men grow bold and reckless. The property of the citizen becomes unsafe, and both public and private rights are liable to be jeopardized. I enjoin upon all administrative and peace officers within the State renewed vigilance in the maintenance and execution of the laws, and in guarding against excesses leading to disorder among the people. Given under my hand and the Great Seal of the [l. s.J State of "Wisconsin, this 16th day of April, A. D. 1861. By the Governor, ALEXANDER W. RANDALL. L. P. Harvey, Secretary of State. This determined whether our professions were founded in integrity. It took but a few hours to decide the question. Scores and hundreds of men from towns and cities offered themselves for war instanter. The telegraph quickly flashed the bravery of many hearts to the Executive's office at the Capital. The one regiment was full before the distant parts of the State knew that it was called for. The eagerness of men was repressed by the tidings that there was no room for them. Fathers said to their only sons, " Go !" Mothers offered their darling boys on the altar of their country. Sons came in from the town or the field, convinced that they ought now to bear arms for the Government. Sisters delighted to do all imaginable suitable things to furnish their eager brothers for the war. And lady lovers evinced that they loved their country not less for loving some of her sons. The national banner leaped into notice and popularity beyond what it had ever won before. Its stars, colors, and field, received a wondrous study and interpretation. It was alike the theme of the school-boy's composition and the orator's discourse. It adorned the horses on the streets, and the par lors of the most cultivated ladies. It floated from halls, stores, and dwellings, from school rooms and churches, from doors, windows, pulpits, and dining tables. Every el dd must sport 126 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. a badge of red, white, and blue. The school yards were con verted into miniature camping grounds. The boys were equipped, drilling, marching, countermarching. All day long the noise of their little drums resounded through the streets. War became a study. Military tactics were the great theme. War books were swept out of the book stores as fast as the pleased merchants could procure them. The " Star-Spangled Banner" was the universal song. The great throng of the people, through a vast extent of territory, was moved by one common impulse of patriotism. The love of one's country is a mighty power, when stirred to its depths. Almost spontaneous assemblings of the people soon' became the order of the day. War meetings filled up the evenings, and military processions almost daily filled the streets. Men incited each other to bravery and self-denial by the mutual expression of their thoughts — the commingling of their senti ments. There was seldom diminution by opposition. Unity added fervor to the flame. If ever there was a murmur, it was a breeze to kindle, not a blast to extinguish. On Monday evening, the 15th, the earliest time after the fall of Sumter became known, very large and enthusiastic meetings were held in Milwaukee, Janesville, and other places. In the first named, Dr. Weeks was chairman. Various citizens made impromptu patriotic speeches, and the follow ing resolutions, introduced by J. B. D. Cogswell, Esq., as chairman of a committee, were passed amid frequent outbursts of applause : Resolved, That the citizens of Milwaukee receive the intelligence of the bombard ment and surrender of Eort Sumter with emotions of profound regret and humilia tion. We regard it as a national disaster, that the flag of our country has been struck at the behest of traitors. Resolved, That the action of the so-called Southern Confederacy in refusing supplies to, and opening fire upon a small and insulated, though gallant, garrison, reduced to the verge of destitution, is an outrage which must meet the condemnation of the civilized world. Resolved- That the events of the 13th and 14th of April should satisfy all men that it is vain longer to attempt to conciliate the seceded States by soft words and submission to repeated insults. Resolved, That forgetting former party differences, and burying recriminations for the past, we recognize it as the imperative duty of all good citizens to sustain and support the President of the United States in his efforts to suppress treasonable PUBLIC MEETINGS IN THE STATE. 127 combinations, to sustain and enforce the laws, and to repossess the forts and pro perty of the Union, and that we approve of the Governor's recommendation to the State Legislature to prepare for the exigencies of the struggle. At Janesville, resolutions were adopted pledging her citi zens, without distinction of party, to the support of the Gov ernment : " Henceforth, and until the present conflict is ended, there can be but two parties — patriots and traitors." "Na tional honor dtemands that all the forts which have been seized by traitors should immediately be retaken, and we will aid to bring about that result." On the 16th, the Legislature, in Bession at Madison, passed a bill placing $200,000 at the dis posal of the Governor, for the purpose of responding to the call for troops by the President. The same day, a large and enthusiastic meeting was held at Elkhorn, General S. Walling presiding. Resolutions were adopted endorsing the policy of the administration to maintain and repossess the United States forts, and affirming that the people of the State would promptly respond to any call for men or means. On the 17th, a large Union meeting was held at Racine. Senator Doolittle, W. P. Lyon, Thomas Falvey, H. S. Durand, H. G. Winslow, and other prominent Democrats and Republicans addressed the people. But one sentiment prevailed, which was the deter mination to rally around the stars and stripes. On the ISth, an immense meeting was held at Beaver dam, H. D. Patch being moderator. The most strong and patriotic resolutions were adopted. At noon on the 19th, Mr. William Young presented a flag to the Chamber of Commerce, in the presence of a great multitude of citizens, and after a presentation speech by him self, was*follbwed by James S. Brown, Esq., Mayor of the city, and Matthew H. Carpenter, Esq. During Mr. Carpen ter's beautiful and eloquent address the audience rose to the highest pitch of excitement and enthusiasm. Col. Walker, Judge Hubbell, Colonel Starkweather, Captain Starkweather, S. Park Coon, J. LaDue, and others, followed in patriotic and fervid speeches ; and at the Newhall House, on the occasion of receiving Governor Seymour, of New York, Jonathan E. Arnold Esq., made a short but thrilling address. But on that day a more thrilling scene is being enacted in Bal 128 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. timore. The Sixth Massachusetts Regiment of State Militia, the first complete regiment of the conntry to respond to the requisition for troops, while passing through that city is attacked by a mob, and two of them killed and eleven wounded — one mortally. Eleven of the mob are killed, and four wounded. This caused a tremendous excitement there and throughout the country. Governor Hicks, of Maryland, informed the Presi dent that no more troops could pass through Baltimore without fighting ttteir way. The railroad track was torn up, and bridges destroyed. The Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment, in passing unarmed through the city the same day, was compelled to disband and return to Philadelphia. There it was met by the New York Seventh Regiment, and the route through Balti more being deemed impracticable, transports were furnished by which they proceeded to Annapolis; thence marched to Annapolis Junction, the railroad track being torn up, and from that point proceeded by cars to Washington. On the 19th of April, 1775, Massachusetts men, at Lexing ton, poured out the first blood shed in the Revolution. On the 19th of April, 1861, Massachusetts men, at Baltimore, made the same first offering for their country in the second Revolution. The first soldier that fell in Baltimore — the first victim of the rebellion — was a youth of seventeen, a native of New Hampshire, a resident of Lowell, Massachusetts, where a monument now stands to perpetuate his memory. His name was Luther Crawford Ladd. The bloody, traitorous scerje in Baltimore gave intenser feel ing to the subsequent war meetings in Wisconsin. An early question was that of providing for the families of men who joined the army. At the regular meeting of the Chamber of Commerce in Milwaukee, on Saturday, the 19th, only one half the members being present, $11,175 were subscribed in ten or fifteen minutes, to support the families of volunteers. The following is the subscription list : Daniel Newhall, $500 ; W. B. Hibbard, $500 ; Marshall & Ilsley, $1,000 ; E. D. Holtcn, $500 ; Angus Smith & Co., $500 ; E. Sander son, $500; G. D. Norris, $500; S. T. Hooker, $500; J. Nazro & Co , $500; Kellogg & Strong, $500; D. Ferguson, $250; E. D. Cha pin, $200 ; Nichols, Britt, & Co., $200 ; Miles & Armour, $200 ; Hor ton & Fowler, $200 ; Vankirk & McGeoch, $200 ; R. Eliot, $200 , SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR VOLUNTEERS. 129 Huntington & Co., $200; 0. J. Hale, $150; H. Berthelet, $100; Berthelet & Woolly, $100 ; D. Vandercook, $100; G. Pfeil, $100; H. H. Harrison, $100 ; R. Read, $100 ; J. Lewis. $100 ; J. C. Mont gomery, $125; G. H. Lamberton, $100; R. P. Fitzgerald, $100; J. J. Tallmadge, $100 ; George C. Stevens $100 ; Bertschy & Kern, $100 ; J. H. Seelye, Jr., $100 ; Tibbits & Starkweather, $100 ; J. M. Holmes, $100;. P. R. Storm, $250; A. L. Hutchinson, $100 ; W. Young, $100; C. H. Wheeler, $100 ; Mann Brothers, $100; H. T. Thompson, $100; T. Hibbard, $100 ; J. Peck, $100; M. C. Hoyt, $100 ; D. C. Conkey, $100; J. M. Sweet, $50 ; C. Holland>$50 ; L. Pierson, $50 ; Keeler & Willard, $50 ; George H. Sawyer, $50 ; Buttrick Brothers, $50 ; D. M. Brigham, $25 ; F. W. Friese, $25 ; S. Ferguson, $25 ; George Godfrey, $25 ; L. L. Crounse, $25 •, H. H. Smith, $25 ; J. Bryden, $25. Another meeting was held in the evening of the same day, Alexander Mitchell presiding, and Governor Randall, Judge McArthur, and Judge Hubbell delivering addresses. William Hooker read the names of subscribers at the regular session of the Chamber of Commerce, and John Nazro read a sub scription of merchants as follows : Wisconsin Leather Co., $1,000; Bradford Brothers, $500; John Nazro & Co., $500 ; Hassett & Chapman, $100 ; Warren & Hewtt, $200 ; J. A. Dutcher & Co., $200 ; C. R. Baker, $100 ; Inbusch Brothers, $500 ; Isham & Co, $100 ; Lansing Bonnell, $12 per month as long as the war lasts. Haney & De Bow, $200 ; G. Pfister & Co., $300 ; George Dyer & Co., $500 ; Bradley & Metcalf, $500 ; Hunn & Crosby, $50 ; G. Bremer & Co., $200 , J. J. Fairbanks, per month, $12; Atkins, Steele and White, $200; J. L. Davis, $300 Sexton Brothers & Co., $500 ; J. M. Durand, $500 ; Greene & Button $200; Young & French, $200; John Rice, $100; Edward Truslow $100 ; Wm. M. Sinclair, $200 ; H. Bosworth & Sons, $300 ; J. Dahl man & Co., $500 ; Blair & Persons, $250 ; Strickland & Co., $100 T. P. Collingbourne, $25; Goodrich & Terry, $200; Otto Brothers. $50. Then the following subscriptions were made on the spot by men in the audience : L. Hubbell, $50; Walter King & Co., $25; J. Lockwood, $100; J. B. Frost, $10; P. Lawrence, $10; C. H. Larkin, $100; Jared Thompson, $100; Samuel Hayt $100 ; John Black, $100 ; H. Liid- ington, $200; Armstrong & Spink, $100; J. La Due, $200; W. Fink, $25 ; John Sercomb, $25; G. Von Deutsch, $100; N. Brick, $100; S. Wetherbee, $100; L. Blake, $50; James Heth, $25; Henry Williams, $100; F. Raymond, $5 ; J. B. D. Cogswell, $100 ; J. Duncan, $5 per month ; C. A. Hinde, $30 ; G. D. Doiisman, $100 •' 9 130 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. J. Stark, $100; P. L. Mossin, $3 per month; John Rugee, $20; Hans Rees, $200 ; T.Routledge, $30 ; E. H. Brodhead, $500 ; M. M. Leahy, $20; J. H. Silkman, $100 ; S. Field, $100; A. D. Seaman, $25 per month ; J. H. Tesch, $50 ; A. Games, $5 ; George Brown, $10 ; P. O'Conner, $10 ; Burchard, $5 per month ; R. Parkinson, $5 per month; W. Wesley, $5 per month; James S. Brown, $100; J. H. Jones, $10 ; Blanchard & Arnold, $100; A. N. Dickson, $100. Other subscriptions were afterward added. These are given to indicate the spirit of the hour. A subsequent statement says that Alexander Mitchell, the moderator of that meeting, gave $1,000, and that a few days after, about $30,000 had been raised in Milwaukee alone. In Madison, at a meeting held on the evening previous — the 18th — similar action was taken. Judge Orton served as chair man. A resolution was passed to maintain the families of the volunteers from Madison and vicinity. Great enthusiasm was added to the meeting by the entrance of a company of volun teers. Amid the gift-making and speech-making, one Lucius Fairchild gave fifty dollars, and himself to go to the war. Daniel Lincoln, another volunteer, gave the same. Simeon Mills pledged fifty dollars per month as long as the war should? last, and when the Silver Grays were called on, would go himself. Judge Paine, of the Supreme Court, gave fifty dollars, and T. B. Muldoon, a blacksmith, fifty dollars. Colonel Ebenezer Brigham, the first white settler of Dane County, subscribed one hundred dollars. A resolution was passed to give each young man without a family ten dollars, on the day of his departure to the seat of war, but the young men subsequently nobly declined the gift in favor of the families of volunteers. The meeting was so brisk and earnest with subscriptions that the audience would not tolerate speeches. The subscriptions at that meeting amounted to $7,490, to which additions were subsequently made. Charles G. Mayers, the secretary of the meeting, gave the following as the list of subscriptions at the time : Governor Randall, $50 ; B. F. Hopkins, $200 ; William "Welsh, $50 ; H. S. Orton, $100 ; W. W. Tredway, $50 ; The State Bank, $500 ; D. C. Bush, $100; J. C.Hopkins, $200; W. B. Jervis, $100; W.J.Ells worth, $25; George B. Seekell, $50 ; Thomas B. Taylor, $10 ; H. C. Jaquish, $25; George B. Smith, $100; Chauncey Abbott, $100; SUBSCRIPTIONS FOR VOLUNTEERS. 131 Neely Gray, $100 ; E. E. Hale, $25 ; Ezra Squires, $10 ; James E. Fisher, $25 ; Y. W. Roth, $20 ; Wm. A. Jones, $25; Z. Ramsdale, $25 ; J. 0. Tucker, $25 ; C. J. Palme, $25'; T. D. Plumb, $25 ; W. H.Watson, $25; A. C.Randall, $10; H.Rublee,$25; W. T. Ward,$25; James Cameck, $25 ; William Pomeroy, $25 ; W. H. Waterman, $8 per month for twelve months — paid for first month ; W. S. Main, $25 ; A. Flesch, $3 per month for twelve months ; O. L. Spooner, $40 ; W. H. Askew, $25; M. M. Jackson, $25 ; S. G. Abbott, Oregon, $25; T. Chynoweth, $30 ; J. H. McFarland, $10 ; Edw. Jussen, $25 ; Lud- wig Jones, $25 ; John McGregor, $25 ; William Pyncheon $25 ; J. W. Potter, Christiana, $10; J. B. Williams, $25 ; Harrison Reed, $25 ; C. Corneliusen, $25 ; James S. Hill, $50 ; J. C. Gregory, $50; M. Maudner, $10 ; C. T. Wakeley, $25 ; Thaddeus Dean, $100 ; N. "W. Dean, $250 ; G.F. Hastings, $50 ; H. M. Page, $25 ; Matthew Roach, $25 ; James Jack, $50 ; A. C. Davis, $50 ; Dorn & Brownell, $50 ; G. Dutcher & Co., Capital House, $50 ; D. McFarland, $20 T. B. Muldoon, $50 ; Clerks in the State Treasurer's Department, $100 E. H. Huntington, $25; D. Worthington, $50 ; L. P. Harvey, $100 John D. "Welch, $100 ; Butcher, per Mr. Bemis,.$50; J. T. Marston $50; David Atwood, $ 100; T. Reynolds, $50 ; Lucius Fairchild, $50 F. C. Festner, $50 ; Harlock, $10 ; The clerks in. School Land Office, $100; A. A. McGourjal, $50; A.Warren, $50; Ebenezer Brigham, $100; H. G. Bliss, $100 ; J. B. Bowen, $100 ; A. Pickarts,, $25 ; C. J. Mears, $1'00 ; J. S. Clark, $500 ; F. Mohr & Co., $60 Mosely & Brothers, $25 ; J. A. Johnson, $50 ; S. R. Fox, $50 ; C F. Solberg, $50 ; M: H. Orton, $25 ; Jacob Lenz, $50 ; Samuel Klauber, $100 ; Samuel Engle, $50 ; Bvron Paine, $50 ; John A. Byrne, one hundred bushels of wheat ; W.P. Towers, $25 ; D. K. Tenney, $100; A. G. Darwin, $200 ; Simeon Mills, $50 per month to the close of the war ; A. Sherwin, $100 ; J. W. Harvey, $100 ; Robert Nichols, $25 J. "W. Hoyt, $25 ; H. P. Hall, $50 ; H. W. Tenney, $50 ; F. J Lauler. $50; J. C. Ford, $50 ; Isaac Klauber, $25 ; Segmund Klau ber, $25 ; Breeze J. Stevens, $100 ; John D. Gurnee, $100 ; George Paine, $100 ; M. E. Fuller, $100, C. L. Williams, $100 ; J. H. Hill, $50 ; W. A. Briard, $100 ; N. J. Moody, $25 ; D. Lincoln, $50 ; M. Kohner, $50 ; R. L. Garlick, $25 ; Sharp & Oakley, $50 ; D. Fitch, $25 ; B W. Suckow, $25 ; F. D. Filkins, $25 ; Rev. J. B. Britton, $25; E. Gibbs (paid), $5 ; S. E. Pearson, $10 ; J. S. Fuller (paid), $10 ; Joseph Hobbins, M. D., $25, and professional services gratis to any family; Rev. Mr. Howe, $10 ; S. D. Hastings, $100. In WaUpun a similar meeting was held, and the subscrip tions for the benefit of the families of volunteers amounted to about $3,000. The following is a list of the subscribers to the fund, as given in the Waupun Times, of April 26th. Hans C. Heg, $50; N. H. Palmer, $25; Selah Matthews, $25- Martin Mitchell, $15; D. B. Willard, $10; A. Hall, $10; D. c' Brooks, $10,; G. G. Woodruff, $10 ; William Booth, $10 ; James 132 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. McNaughton, $10; A. E. Schmidt, $10; J. Bardwell, $10; D Christemon, $10 ; J. Wongender, $10 ; F. Homiston, $10 ; A. Gas man, $10 ; H. I. A. Holman, $10; H. K. De Moe, $10 ; Hans Wood $10; C. J. Kraby, $10; H. Daniels, $10; Sheldon Atkins, $10 A. Skofstad, $10 ; D. W. Moore, $10 ; E. Carrington, $5 ; M. E Prince, $5 ; W. H. Carrier, $5 ; D. Graves, $10 ; A. P. Phelps, $5 J. Coffman, $10; B. C. Sawyer, $10; James Crowther, $15; John Bryce, $10 ; L. Eaton, $10; Z. Burr, $10 ; H. R. .Scovil, $10 ; A S. Grant, $5; E. M. Thorpe, $10; ¦William Swick, $10; W. S Wilkes, $6 ; L. Updike, $5 ; W. E. Foster, $10 ; G. R. Bartsoh $10 ; L. Lomdon, $10; J. C. Hillebert, $10; G. Gasman, $10; Joel Taylor, $10; E. Whiting, $10 ; I. Merriam, $10; L. Thompson, $10 K. Helgenon, $10 ; Benjamin Crawford, $10 ; George Diddock, $10 S. Clark, $10 ; J. Wilkes, $5 ; A. Carter, $10 ; N. B. Cleveland $10 ; T. Carpenter, $50 ; W. H. Taylor, $25 ; J. M. Schweck, $10 J. H. Brinkerhoff, $30 ; N. J. Newton, $25 ; D. C. Fairbank, $25 Almon Atwood, $25 ; M. K. Dahl, $25 ; William Ware, $25 ; R. "W "Wells, $25; D. Andrews, $15; A. D. Allis, $25; G. Howland, $25; D Ferguson, $50 ; M. Nivison, $25 ; W". "W. Hatcher, $20 ; G. Babcock $25 ; H. Lamphire, $25 ; A. H. Rounseville, $25 ; M. J. Althouse, $£ C. S. Kneeland, $25; John Ware, $25; E. Hillyer, $25; J. Johnson & Bro., $25 ; Kimball & Bro., $25 ; A. Walker, $25 ; 0. F. Gee, $25 T. B. Ketchum, $25; S. "W. Keyes, $15; "Whit. Young, $10 "William Simpson, $10; B. H. Young, $5; S. G. Clough, $5 ; John Mosher, $10 ; F. Goodrich, $5; J. H. McDaniels, $5; A Ingersoll $10 ; E. M. Dodgson, $10 ; George "Wirt, $10 ; William Parsons, $10 J. C. Cleveland, $5 ; L. D. Henikley, $10 ; E. Van Wie, $5 ; H Lawrence, $5 ; N. Carey, $5 ; E. Miller, $10 ; A. F. Clark, $10 ; L D. Converse, 20 bushels of wheat ; M. Nichols, $5 ; L. N. Wells,' $5 "W. Sperry, $10 ; L. Town, $5 ; S. Bronson, $10 ; N. Cobb, $5 ; Jos Johnson, $5 ; C. Hart, $5 ; Starkweather & E., $50 ; E. U. Judd $10; D. Bruce, $10; D. D. Tompkins, $10; H. "Weage, $25; S Trowbridge, $15 ; A. Robinson, $10 ; D. Cheney, $5 ; M. R. Jineing $5 ; J. S. Clark, $10 ; I. W. Preston, $10 ; A. Burnham, $15 ; W.H Tompkins, $10 ; A.Bruce, $5 ; I. M. "Wilbur, $10 ; M. Spilane, $10 D. Pierce, $5 ; A. A. Greenman, $10 ; R. H. Ferris, $3 ; P. Dono van, $5; H. L. Butterfield, $50; D. P. Norton, $50 ; R. Smith, $10 A. Benson, $5 ; N. Merlan, $10 ; C. L. Loveland, $10 ; R. Damonde $10 ; Doctor Snyder, $5 ; Rank & Manz, $25 ; M. L. Coe, $25 ; R. F Beardslev, $5; T. S. Bustad, $5; S. H. Harris, $10; L. G. Alger $5 ; S. Amadon, $25 ; 0. A. Morse, $10 ; A. D. Ellsworth, $25 ; M L. Lanbom, $5, C. Mord, $5; A. P. Bixby, $25; L. J. Hollister $25; J. Jacobs, $2; S.Wilcox, $15; D. L.Bancroft, $25; R. C Dodge, $5; E. Banker, $5; S. Pebbles, $15; T. C. Sanborn, $25 A. E. Fuller, $15; C. Laithe, $10; J. Jackson. $50; W. G < McElroy, $25 ; M. Richardson, $10 ; J. Howard, $15 ; W. Greene $5; E. Kennedy, $10; J. Bloedel, $10; S. Heath, $5; P. Allen $5 ; W. E. Scott, $20 ; H. Fuller, $25 ; H. Cordier, bag of flour each month to family of Joseph Langdon, during his term of enlistment. (Faithfully "done;— Editor, February 12th, 1866.) PATRIOTIC MEETINGS. 133 In Kenosha the feeling was reported as intense, never before equaled. Colonel Lane telegraphed to Governor Randall, offering the " Park City Grays ;" and the people claimed that they had furnished the first company toward the required regiment from Wisconsin. The ministers, as in most other places, preached on the subject of the rebellion, and the St. Marks (Catholic) Church had the honor of being the first church to throw out the national flag to the breeze from the steeple of its house of worship. At a meeting held on the evening of April 19th, Rev. John Gridley in the chair, a subscription was opened to aid in the equipment of volunteers, and for their comfort while absent, and the welfare of their families at home. In one hour the sum of $3,543 was pledged, as follows : C. C. Sholes, $200; Hon. Charles Durkee, $120; Harvey' Durkee, $100 ; Z. G. Simmons, $100; Michael O'Donnell, $5 ; E. Bain, $100; H. B. Towslee, $200 ; S. Y. Brande, $25 ; C. J. Parker, $25 ; Rev. John Gridley, $25 ; Rev. J. McNamara, $25 ; M. H. Pettit, $50 ; J. M. Stebbins, $25; N. B. Hyde, $25; C. Shend, $5; Peter Grosh, Jr., $5 ; J. & P. English, $25 ; A. H. Thompson, $25 ; Brown & Weeks, $50 ; P. H. Wood, $50 ; Rous Simmons, $50 ; H, F. Schoff, $25 ; R. H. Slosson, $25 ; M. O'Brien, $10 ; Cyrus Briggs, $25 ; Schoff & Vinegar, $25 ; John T. Shepherd, $5; H. McDermott, $10 ; .C. S. Bronson, $25; A. Campbell, $100; O. S. Head, $100; Gerken & Ernst, $25; Frank H. Head, $50; John Nicoll, $20; Rev. J. T. Matthews, $25 ; J. G. Buddie, $5 ; Walter Cook, $3 ; M. Frank, $30 Ezra Simmons, $15 ; L. S. Kellogg, $15 ; H. H. Tarbe.ll, $20 ; J. B Starkweather, $1Q; A. O. Foster, $5; N. G. Backus, $20; I. W "Webster, $10; A. D. Sawtell, $5; L. B. Emmons, $10; S. McAfee $5 ; A. J. Hale, $5; Lyman, Bent & Mowry, $50 ; Doan & Hawley $135; James M. Kellogg, $5; Valentine Bauer, $5; Matthias Huck $5; C. A. Mathewson, $5; Gurdin Gillet, $15; P. Willard, $5 David Bone, $25; J. H. Kimball, $100 ; Thomas Scott, $10 ; L. P Shears, $25 ; J. Brockett, $5 ; Wallace Mygatt, $25 ; P. T. Briggs $10; T. D. Persons, $10; Hays McKinley, $25 ; A. Farr, $50 Josiah Bond, $50 ; John Turk, $5 ; John Wier, $10 ; H. W. Hub bard, $50 ; Peter Boesen, $5 ; S. S. Hastings, $5 ; Wheeler & Clark $25 ; E. J. Pierce, $5 ; George Bennett, $25 ; Herman Reinold, $10 W. & J. Lindeman, $5 ; William F. Halliday, $10 ; N. R. Allen, $25 Rev. P. B. Pease, $10; T. J. Conatty, $25; Chapman & Nott, $50 R. O. Gottfredsen, $15; T. D. Bond, $15; Levi Grant, $25; J. J Pettit, (paid $20) $25 ; Luther Whitney, $20 ; Frederick Robinson $50; S. H. Sweet, $25; William Osborn, $10; R. B. Winsor, $10 David Crosit, $20; Samuel Francis, (paid) $5; S. C. Johnson, $15 George Yule, $20; Samuel Jones, $20; J. G. McKindley, $25 134 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Orlando Foster, $20 ; E.P.Lewis, $10; E. F. Morris, $25; Isaac George, $10; Rev. H. Slade, $5; Charles F. Mather, $25; Lewis Bain, $25; James P. Glover, $20; L. Whitmore, $10; Edward H. Rudd, $10 ; Miss H. M. Dresser, half the profits of a lecture ; Joseph Vale, profits of bakery for one year; J. Sullivan, $10 ; P. Hutchinson, $6; Lansing B. Nichols, $20 ; Philip Carey, $10; "W. E. Reed, $10; C. B. Lewis, $15 ; Peter Rook, $5 ; J. B. Doolittle, $10 ; Nelson Stebbins, S10 ; John B. Jilsun, $25 ; E. R. Hugunin, $25 ; C. H. Comstock, §10 ; Head & Campbell, $50 ; W. L. Porter, $10. A like patriotic meeting was held in Fond du Lac, and $4,000 were subscribed at the time for the support of volun teers and their families. No. list has been received. At Beaver Dam, as early as on the evening of the 18th, an immense meeting was held, H. D. Patch presiding, and one hundred and fifty men enrolling as volunteers. The last of a series of glowing resolutions was the following ; the first part nobly fulfilled at once, the last at length : Resolved, That we wiU support the present policy of the Government of the United States, with men and money, and that the glorious old banner of our nation shall again wave on the walla of Fort Sumter, and every other fort, arsenal, dock yard, and navy yard which belong to this nation. On the evening of the same day, the 18th, an enthusiastic meeting was held in Columbus, which passed strong resolu tions to sustain the Government. At Janesville the relief fund was early carried up to $5,380, a company was soon formed, and a large meeting of Rock County citizens was held the 25th. In Beloit, leading citizens — among them college professors — addressed enthusiastic meetings; two companies were soon formed, and another was in progress ; there it is recorded that a merchant, Mr. A. P. Waterman, offered to allow his clerks, who volunteered, full salaries during the war; the star-spangled banner floated over the college walls ; some students enlisted at once, and others formed themselves into a company for drill; on motion of Senator Bennett, the citizens pledged themselves to take all necessary and proper care of the families of volunteers, and as early as April 25th, nearly $2,400 had been raised for that purpose; no noisy demonstrations were made on the Sabbath ; and the Beloit Journal and Courier of April 18th, describing the state of the city, said: THE UPRISING OF THE PEOPLE. 135 Volunteers have been enrolled by hundreds, and the most liberal contributions have been made for the support of the families of recruits, and the equipment of volun teer corps. All classes, from the gray-haired veterans to the boys in the streets-— clergymen, professional men, business men, have all been wrought up with patriotic emotion. The women of the city, withal, are in the field. With true female devotion, they are engaged in furnishing blankets, bandages, lint, etc., for the necessity and comfort of the troops who leave this place. Indeed, never in the history of this city has thore ever been manifested such a» depth and glow of feeling as has been exhibited since the issue of the President'3 Proclamation ; and whether the contest he long or short, Beloit will not be found wanting in energy and attachment to the cause. As early as the 27th, the town of Clinton had $2,500 sub scribed for soldiers' families ; in Oshkosh the mayor of the city offered to equip a full company for the war ; at Whitewater more wished to volunteer than could be received; at Sheboygan a meeting of the citizens of the county was early called; at Platteville they had an enthusiastic war meeting on an hour's notice, and brought in lists of volunteers from the surround ing towns ; and in Portage City they pledged themselves to give all necessary aid to soldiers' families, and adopted this resolution : Resolved, That in the great contest before us we will recognize but two parties — the Union and the Disunion party ; that we will render all of our assistance to aid the one and destroy the other. In Salem a subscription was made for the benefit of soldiers and their families. Previous to May 1st, citizens of the town of Palmyra had subscribed $1,500 for the relief of soldiers' families, and five dollars for each volunteer. The citizens of Wilmot and vicinity closed a series of resolutions with the following : Resolved, That we, as citizens of Wisconsin, will maintain the flag of our country — that it shall remain the flag of our whole country, and that not a "star" shall be torn from it by secession, rebellion, or aggrossion. In many farming communities no efforts were made at the opening of the war to provide for soldiers' families, for the reason that none seemed to be needed. The town of Burling ton may illustrate the fact with many other communities. There they sent more volunteers than their strict quota at the first call of the President. But those who enlisted were sons of parents in prosperous circumstances, and for that reason no 136 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. aid was needed or given, except the private gifts of individual citizens to their own friends for their personal use, and of such no account was kept.* Some counties pursued the course adopted by Green County, where the families of volunteers were provided for as far as seemed to be needful, but by a uniform special tax, which, ' during the war, amounted to $56,000, beside the aid granted by the State.f Li Adams County, and perhaps others, the mode adopted was this: enthusiastic meetings were held, and citizens not enlisting themselves made their individual pecuniary offers for volunteers, the spirit and the bids rising from point to point until a sufficient number was obtained.J In other communities no contributions were felt to be necessary during the first year of the rebellion, as in Polk County, where, subsequently, before the close of the war, $9,000 were raised by private effbrt.§ Such, imperfectly given, was the uprising of the people in Wisconsin. Patriotism was glowing throughout the State. The unity of the people on the one question of defending the national flag, was encouraging, inspiring. The love of country was deeper than words. Money flowed like water for the purposes of the Government. Many gave more than all money— they gave themselves. Multitudes, whose own selves were an unsuitable gift, gave husbands, sons, and brothers; and gave them, many, never to be received back again in this world. * L. P. Smith, Editor of Burlington Standard. f General James Bintliflf, late Editor of the Monroe Sentinel. % Lieutenant S. W. Pierce, Editor of the Adams County Press. § Samuel S. Eifield, Jun., Editor of the Osceola Press. Note. — The lists of subscribers for the aid of volunteers' families, given in the foregoing Chapter, are not intended as a complete account of tho benevolence of the people, bnt as some indication of the interest felt at that time by the mass. Many in these lists gave much more afterwards, and many not in these lists were among the most benevolent contributors. CHAPTER VII. THE PRESS OF WISCONSIN. ITS OFFICE, — DAILY WISCONSIN, MADISON STATE JOURNAL, — MIL WAUKEE SENTINEL, MILWAUKEE NEWS, STATE JOUBNAL, JANES- VILLE GAZETTE, BELOIT JOURNAL AND COURIER, WAUPUN TIMES, — KENOSHA TELEGRAPH, — DODGEVILLE ADVOCATE, — LA CROSSE UNION AND DEMOCRAT, — MADISON PATRIOT, — FOND DU LAO COMMON WEALTH, ADAMS COUNTY INDEPENDENT, DODGE COUNTY CITIZEN, — FOX LAKE GAZETTE, — GREEN LAKE SPECTATOR, — MADISON ARGUS, — MADISON PATRIOT, — DAILY LIFE, — MONROE SENTINEL, — WISCONSIN PURITAN, — THE NAMELESS. The newspaper press is the% pulse, but not the heart of the people. It shows the character of the life, but is not the life- beating power. Sometimes it is so virtuous and staunch that it sends a backward current powerful enough to modify or control the centre — the heart itself. It at least propels the blood through the lungs of the political system, where it secretes in itself a healthy atmospheric element or noxious malaria. What Wisconsin has been in the War of the Rebellion cannot be told without a notice of the press. What the people believed cannot be well known without what the press declared. A few sentences from each of a few newspapers of the State, at the early date of the rebellion, will be worth depositing in the historic urn. In future days they will possess more interest to the curious, perhaps will be more suggestive and instructive, than now. The Daily Wisconsin, of Milwaukee, on Saturday, April 13th, 1861, had this announcement : The rebels of Charleston have finally inaugurated civil war by commencing the bombardment of Port Sumter. It is thus that the war is commenced against our 138 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. country by the conspirators. We trust in God that the United States fleet will be able to relieve Major Anderson, and then give the South Carolina traitors such a lesson as will render their fate memorable in the history of great crimes. * * * On Monday, the 15th, it said : There is not a loyal American " From St. Lawrence's icy main To Nevada's golden mountain," who, when he learns of the bombardment and surrender of Fort Sumter to the rebels of South Carolina, will not feel humiliated. That this great country could not, on its own soil, reinforce its defenders has become one of the blistering truths of history. * * * * On November the 15th, the day the news of the fall of Fort Sumter, and the call of the President for 75,000 men were received, the Madison Daily State Journal said: * * * We entreat the Legislature to show no niggardly or stinting spirit in responding to the President's call. The people of the State will not justify it. The bill which is now in course of preparation should reflect the public spirit and tho loyal generosity of Wisconsin. If our proportion be only 1, 500, let us treble or quad ruple the number. There will be no difficulty in raising volunteers in such a cause ; and it is due to the people of the State, and due to the country, that our action at this time should correspond with the prevailing sentiment. The Southern revolt is founded on the idea that the population of the free States is composed of cowards and shopkeepers, of money worshipers and mudsills, too timid or too venal, too selfish or too abject, to defend their honor and maintain their rights. The time has come when the delusion must he dissipated, and we want Wisconsin to show that she is as ready to incur hazards and make sacrifices in support of the cause of the Union as any of her sister States. The Milwaukee Smtinel of April 17th contains the following on the war : We regard war as among the greatest calamities that can befall a nation, and in the present emergency of this nation have been willing and desirous that everything possible should be done to avoid it. Such, too, has recently been the spirit of the Government. It has carefully refrained from even the appearance of a purpose to strike a blow at the South. Its late mission to Sumter was only one of common humanity — of mercy. Indeed, to its extreme care in this respect is to be attributed its defeat in the first passage at arms with the traitors. But the hopes and prayers of the men of peace, and the peaceable spirit of the Government, have availed nothing. Animated by the infernal: spirit which prompted this rebellion, the South has needlessly opened this war. let the Government now draw the sword and throw away the scabbard. Let us hear no more of peace till it comes in appeal from the trembling lips of conquered traitors. THE WISCONSIN PRESS. 139 What may be the duration of this strife we cannot telL How many lives — how much sacrifice of treasure it may involve, the future alone can reveal. But the man who doubts that the final result will be to crush out this treason, and strengthen this Goverment, is weak of Mth and judgment The Milwaukee News on Sunday, April 14th, said : The telegraph brings us the startling intelligence that hostilities have com menced at Fort Sumter, and we confidently predict that before this number of our paper goes to press we shall have the news that the Fort has been surrendered to the Confederate troops. In any event what is the excuse and what the object of this inauguration of this war? "To protect the public property," say the defenders of the policy. If it is a mere question of property, is it worth what it will cost? " To maintain the Union," says another. No intelligent man believes that the Union can be maintained by force. " To enforce the laws," says a third. The only way in which the laws of the United States can be constitutionally enforced is through the operation of the courts ; to attempt to enforce the laws by military coercion, before the violation of the same has been established by the courts, is to supersede the civil authority by military usurpation, in utter violation of the Constitution, and subversive of our system of Government. " To collect the revenues," says a fourth. This can only be done by law, or in violation of law. If the courts of the States refuse or neglect to enforce the collection of the revenues, the Federal authorities have no more legal authority to do it than they have to legalize piracy or highway robbery. * * * * The Chilton Times, as early as December 1st, 1860, in an editorial by Harrison C. Hobart, Esq., said: When a State shall attempt to secede from the Union, we believe it to be the duty of the President of the United States, imposed upon him by the Constitution, to regard the act as rebellious, and to summon the army and navy to crush out the rebellion. If the impending danger is alarming, the President should be equal to the emergency, and promptly arouse the country to a sense of its peril, and call for a force sufficient to protect the integrity of the Union. Let Mr. Buchanan do that early, and there will be an earthquake tread of freemen that will startle every rebel in the cotton States. We have not been among those who have been ready to clap their hands at every word which malice, hatred, and revenge have uttered against the present Chief Magistrate, although we are free to concede that he has com mitted errors ; yet, if he does not resist the attempt to break the Union, with every power placed in his hands by the Constitution and laws of his country, we hope the sword of power will fall from his palsied hand, and his name be consigned to the darkest roll of infamy. We believe he will meet the crisis boldly and vigor ously, and that every patriot will be ready to respond to the call of his country, whether the helm of State is held by Buchanan or Lincoln. If Napoleon could afford to sacrifice a hundred thousand lives to resist the encroachments of Austria, the United States can afford to sacrifice ten hundred thousand to preserve the integrity of the Union. Again we say : One country — or a fight. f 140 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Madison State Journal, April 17th, in an editorial respecting a despatch by Governor Randall to the Secretary of War, asking that the State be allowed to raise two or three additional regiments, said : The time has come when the majesty of insulted laws must be vindicated. The loyalty of the people is thoroughly aroused. Forbearance, and patience, and lenity are no longer virtues. The full power of the Government should be oalled in requisition to crush this insurrection without delay. In mercy to the traitors, and in justice to ourselves, let this conflict he brief and conclusive, at whatever saorifice of life or property. Let the President but say they are needed, and such a swarm as never yet the populous North poured from her teeming loins, will flock around the banner of the country, and plant it again upon the blackened walls of Sumter, and unroll it once more over every plundered arsenal and fort where treason now shows its brazen front. The Janesville Daily Gazette of April 15th : The traitors who have so long plotted the destruction of the Government have commenced the war by attacking Fort Sumter. The Administration has not been the aggressor. Time has been given — too much time in the opinion of some — to the misguided people of the South to reconsider their action. They have been treated with every leniency possible under the circumstances. Instead of inducing them to return to the support of the common Government, which has never treated them harshly, never tyrannized over them, never turned a deaf ear to any just demand, they have conspired against it, and now seek by war upon the nation to overwhelm it. This is, then, the crisis of the fate of republican institutions in America, and throughout the world. All that we hold dear on earth is at stake. The blood of our revolutionary fathers was shed in vain, if we now falter in our determination to put down this rebellion. The importance of the occasion is greater than the revo lution of 1176. If our fathers had failed then, liberty would not have been lost, but could have risen again ; but now the temple of freedom has been reared, and if it falls, it will he a ruin not to be repaired for generations to come, and not without the shedding of rivers of blood, and untold misery. Let it be borne in mind and sink deeply into every heart, that this is no occasion for entertaining any feelings of a party nature. All party is swallowed up in a patriotic desire to save the country and our democratic, republican institutions. The Beloit Journal and Courier of April 18th : The star-spangled banner has been humbled, and traitors have mockingly trodden its folds in the dust. A voice from every patriot's grave in the land demands that its honor be retrieved. Let the patriots of this day vow to redeem the proud old banner from dishonor. Our national existence, indeed, is once more at stake. No man with a true American heart in his breast will fail to respond to the call to arms. Let there be no divisions amongst us. Let us rally heart and hand as loyal Americans, and swear at the altar of liberty that the Government of our fathers shall be maintained. Let the triumphing of the enemy be short. Be " God and our country," the watchword of patriot hearts, and let foul treason be THE WISCONSIN PRESS. 141 crushed at a grasp. God is with the right, and the God of battles grant that the flag of the Union shall forever float in triumph over its foes. April 18th, the Waupun Times discoursed : Uncertainty has given place to reality— civil war has been inaugurated. The rebels have done an overt act — they have fired upon and captured, by force of arms, a Federal fort, and there remains to the Government no resource but to maintain its rights and its power as a nation. There is no room for doubt and hesitation — men can no longer be Republicans or Democrats — party is nowhere in this issue — every man must choose for himself between the proud title of patriot or the disgraceful name of traitor — must rally to the support of the flag of the Union, the glorious stars and stripes, or join the rebel clan beneath the folds of that venomous reptile, the emblem of sin, which so fitly adorns their banner. In Wisconsin there will be few who will not stand close by the Government, and that few will soon learn that they will better display their wisdom by maintaining a " dignified silence." The Kenosha Telegraph, of the 25th : To glance back at first causes, it is patent to all that the question of slavery has been the fruitful source of the existing strife. The slaveholders have seen the free States growing and expanding in all elements of greatness, increasing in population, and growing in wealth at a rate, when compared with their own sluggish and imperceptible advancement, actually supernatural Instead of growing emulous, they have grown envious, and to satisfy, in a measure, their envy and malice, have, charged the blight that has rested upon their prosperity to Northern aggression and usurpation of the rights and franchises of the South. They have persisted in shut ting their eyes to the real difficulty in the way of their own advancement, and 'that effectually prevented them from keeping pace with the free States. They have been taught to look upon our prosperity, not as the legitimate result of free labor of a portion of their own country, in which they are almost equally interested with ourselves, but rather as rivals and enemies. Thus taught, they have sought to find cause for quarrel and contention in every measure started for the benefit and advancement of the whole country. In common with almost every civilized nation on the earth, the people of the free States have disliked and condemned African slavery, and have sought by constitutional means to prevent its spread into new and free territory. This has been in no spirit of enmity or ill will toward our brethren of the slaveholding States. It has been from conscientious and patriotic motives ; to prevent the spread of what we believed to be a great evil morally, and what we knew to be a great drawback — a perfect incubus on the growth, prosperity, and welfare of our common country. In urging upon the country the principles which we were satisfied would tend to the national welfare and prosperity, we have always been careful not to infringe on any constitutional right of the South, and at all times to disclaim any intention or wish to interfere with the institution in any State where it was already established. But this forbearance and toleration of what we con scientiously believed to be a great evil and a stai^ on our national escutcheon, did not suit nor satisfy our slaveholding neighbors. They wanted to compel us to fall in love with slavery and to give it the highest places in the nation always. To this we objected by appeals to the wisdom and patriotism of the people, until a majority of this great nation have acknowledged the righteousness of our cause, and as a con- 142 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. sequence we elected a Republican President. This is all we have done to bring on this war. We have exercised the freeman's greatest privilege — the right of suf frage, and, as we expected to do, have defeated our opponents at the ballot box. This triumph has been followed by no demonstration against the institutions of the South ; still, we are now involved in civil war, for no other reason than that we commanded the greatest number of votes last fall. The Dodgeville Advocate (now the Chronicle) on February 28th, 1861, had the following : So far the Peace Congress, sitting with closed doors at Washington, have recom mended nothing which is likely to restrain the border States, or bring back the rebels of Cottondom to their former love. It was expected by the country that some acceptable ground of compromise would soon be proposed by the well-known Union-loving men who comprise the convention, but nothing beyond the re-estab lishment of the Missouri Compromise has yet been offered. Like Hamlet, Congress and the Peace Conference, in the. present exigency, seem to exclaim — " The time is out of joint, oh t cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right." * * * In any event, slavery upon this continent has had its day of power ; but let us recollect that although it has ceased to control, it has yet left vigor enough to destroy. Republicanism, as we understand it, is not based upon devotion to the negro, but it regards the greatness of the Republic. The only true ground of making opposition to slavery national, in this Govern ment, and under our Constitution, is for the reason that slavery is opposed to the highest development of the nation's greatness. Mere sympathy for the black man in the present crisis, is imbecile ; and if the Bible be taken as our standard of morality, no man's conscience need comdemn him for loving his country better than an inferior race, which the God of nature has condemned to barbarism. Doubtless the Republican party would decline to be respon sible for the last part of the last sentence of the foregoing. Certainly many persons have a very different idea of the Bible and of the God of nature. The La Crosse Union and Democrat : There is a grand old storm coming up — there will be such fighting as this country has never yet seen, and that right soon. This is no time for wavering. The star spangled banner forever I That piece of bunting is too proud ever to trail in the dust. Under its sacred shadow our forefathers fought, and watched all through oppression's dark night. On its field of white, fair fingers toiled early and late with beating hearts. Wrapped in its honored folds too many a brave and gallant man has gone to an honored grave for it to be deserted now 1 Where ever it floats let America's sons gather, regardless of past differences— let it be protected with the blood of patriotic men, and may our arms seek not for rest till every insult given it has been punished. The Madison Patriot : THE WISCONSIN PRESS. 143 Now that war is begun, take our advice and push it to its bitter end. Let nothing be left undone. Strike your blows thick and fast, and leave nothing to chance. The only parties we know of are unionists and disunionsts. We belong to the former, thank God, and all who stand by us in that belong to " our party." All others are not only the enemies of our commou country, but our enemies. The Fond du Lac Commonwealth : If wo must fight to maintain the authority of the nation, and to keep it from tumbling into anarchy — which might be, comparatively speaking, a blessing — and to keep it from being swayed by the meanest oligarchs that ever drew a blade for despotism, then let liberty blaze brightly upon our banners ; and if the falchion for freedom must glitter in the sunlight, when it falls let tyrants feel the blow. The Adams County Independent : It is war forced upon the people of the free States by a set of the most arrant knaves that ever cursed a nation with their existence, and should they meet their just deserts, they will be reduced to the necessity of paying the price of every slave for the support of their own folly. The Dodge County Citizen : The Government must be sustained. It is the cause of justice and truth. It is the cause of God. Popular liberty, for this and future generations, on this and other continents, must stand or fall by the Constitution of these United States. Let tho war come : let every man do his duty, and may God defend the right. The Fox Lake Gazette: This is no time for backing down — the stars and stripes are in danger. Let us all « be steady to do our duty as men, as patriots, as Americans, and strike for the Union. The Green Lake Spectator : We hope the Government will adopt no half-way measure. Let there be men enough called out to make short work of this rebellion. We must overpower them with numbers, or else submit to a lingering; exhaustive war for the next ten years. The Madison Argus : "The good old Flag and Union forever." Above is the flag [a cut of it was published above this paragraph], under which, for eighty-five years, this country has existed and prospered. It is now assailed by traitors, and the Chief Magistrate of the Union calls for seventy-five thousand men to uphold it. True men of Wisconsin, let us respond to the call in a manner that will prove to the world that we are worthy the privileges we enjoy. 4 The Daily Life, of Milwaukee, in its first number, first volume, August 17th, 1861 : * * * Wo are in the midst of a war which may be long and exhausting, and 144 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. which will be expensive and bloody, and we should nerve ourselves to meet all its exigencies. We may be called on to make great sacrifices, and we should be ready to make them cheerfully. While our friends are periling their lives in the camp, in the weary march, in the midst of hunger and thirst, and on the battle-field, to main tain our rights and liberties, we should be ready to give freely of our substance „ and of our earnings, to sustain them in their conflicts. It is not simply the army in the field that is waging this war. It is the people behind them, and the holy cause for which they fight will give courage and triumph in the hour of battle. la every possible way, then, let us give them assurance of our sympathies, our confi dence, and our fellowship. It is our cause as much as theirs. It is our rights they are maintaining. It is for us they risk health and life ; and if time has hallowed the maxim, "It is glorious to die for one's country," it is not less true that it is glorious to live and to suffer for one's country. * * * * The Monroe Sentinel, of October |16th, made the following expression : We are in the midst of a great social, moral, and political revolution, which will stand out in bold relief upon the historic page, as the most remarkable contest which, up to this time, the world has ever witnessed. Never before, since God commanded Pharaoh to let the Children of Israel go, has the issue between the privileged class, who in all time have disregarded the inherent rights of human nature, and have assumed to govern by divine authority, and the friends of human progress, been so clearly made. And never before has any people, engaged in a holy cause, and compelled to figh? God's battles in behalf of down-trodden humanity, so persistently labored to deny and avoid that issue, as have the people of the loyal States. Thousands of brave men are going forth to fight the enemies of our Government, who indignantly repel the idea that they are fighting against slavery.' And nine-tenths of the presses of the North are filling their columns with elaborate essays to prove that we are not fighting against slavery, but to sustain- the Constitution and Government of our country. What is the Constitution of our country, but a charter of freedom, based upon the only clearly defined and authori tative declaration of the rights of man, as man, that has ever been made by a great people? And what is this attempt to subvert the Constitution and overthrow the Government, if it is not an organized effort of the enemies of free institutions — of the champions of human slavery, who, i* obedience to the spirit of their cherished institution, are challenging to mortal combat all the citizens of this Government who prefer freedom to slavery? The Wisconsin Puritan, in its first issue, October, 1862 : The first number of the Wisconsin Puritan hails with delight President Lin coln's proclamation in behalf of freedom. So new-born children of many genera tions will rejoice in its light and glory. It marks another era of progress for civil and religious liberty. It is a decision for freedom that the nations waited for. Such as have not had principle enough for such an act themselves, have known that the avowed principles of our nation justified it, and now, thank God, they have not looked in vain. There are two faults in it : one, it is nominally made too much in the interest of policy, rather than justice ; the other, it tempts good men too much to desire the protraction of the war till January, 1863. THE WISCONSIN PRESS. 145 We are not betrayed into tho vain opinion that the coming declaration of the abolition of slavery in the rebel States will do the work. We know that it only initiates it. But the announcement of the proclamation gives us our position ; it settles mauy questions. It supersedes the necessity of much argument. It tosses to the winds ten thousand doubts and querios whether slavery might be abolished; whether it were right to attempt emancipation ; whether the destruction of all slavery on United States soil were to be thought of. It gives an answer -to millions of prayers long Offered, and encourages prayer for all time to come. One editor, whose name and press shall here be nameless, has furnished the following historical item concerning one of the newspapers of Wisconsin : Was opposed to the war from tho beginning to the end. Can see no gpod results from it, and never voluntarily contributed one cent toward its prosecution. Printed no lists [of contributors], but can furnish you an account of the mobs that threatened tho destruction of my office, because I dared, at all times, to express my honest sentiments. If this information will be of auy benefit to you, it is at your service. The foregoing extracts will give a fair illustration of the sen timents of the press of Wisconsin, at the opening of the war. If any were adverse to taking up arms against the rebels, their proportion to the rest must have been as small as those extracts will indicate. The patriotic expressions of a large portion of the press of the State are not here given, because,, after con siderable endeavor, thoy have not come within the author's reach. And those that are given are not selected on account of any special preeminence over many others, but as specimen newspaper literature current in the State at that time. To follow the history of the press through the entire war would occupy too much space m this volume. But it should be distinctly and emphatically said, that at a later date, and through the greater part of the war, some newspapers of the State, both English and German, violently opposed the just and proper prosecution of belligerent measures to suppress the rebellion, often misrepresenting the real questions at issue, slandering the Govern ment, opposing the draft, discouraging enlistments, magnifying errors and defeats, seeking for and rejoicing over faults in the Administra tion, and partially justifying the rebels, fostering their hopes, and en dowing them with courage. Behold, they have their reward ! 10 OHAPTEE VIII. POLITICAL MEN AND CONVENTIONS. POLITICAL AFFAIRS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT OF HISTORY PUBLIC MEETING IN MILWAUKEE, SPEAKER COBB'S ADDRESS TO THE LEGIS LATURE, ADDRESSES BY MAYOR BROWN, MATTHEW H. CARPENTER, AND SENATOR DOOLITTLE, MEETING IN CALUMET COUNTY, LETTER OF HON. J. T. MILLS, IN THE LOUISVILLE DEMOCRAT, JUDGE HUB- BELL'S ADDRESS IN PHILADELPHIA, JUDGE BYRON PAINE's ADDRESS AT MADISON, RESOLUTIONS OF REPUBLICAN STATE CONVENTION, ADDRESS BY JUDGE MoARTHUR, WAR MEETING IN MILWAUKEE, ADDRESS BY THE DEMOCRACY OF WISCONSIN, AND MATTHEW H. CAB PENTER's REVIEW OF IT, RESOLUTIONS BY A DEMOCRATIC CONVEN HON, RESOLUTIONS BY A REPUBLICAN CONVENTION, THE " LOYAT. DEMOCRATIC STATE CONVENTION" AT JANESVILLE. HON. WINFIELH smith's ADDRESS. Political men and conventions emphatically reflect more or less the sentiments of the people, whether right or wrong. Politics, properly studied and followed, is a scientific pursuit, ¦needful to true statesmanship. The demagogue is usually a heartless panderer to popular prejudices, and a practitioner of deceitful arts, corrupt himself, and a corrupter of others. A political demagogue is worthy of universal reprobation. Wis dom will not ignore politics, but use it as a science, on whose principles just government and national prosperity may be built. The doctrines and practices of the political men of any country must always constitute a portion of the elements of its history. The first public meetings, after receiving the news of the fall of Fort Sumter, aside from those of the preceding Sabbath, to be elsewhere considered, were held on Monday evening, April 15th. There was a spontaneous assembling in every populous MEETING LN MILWAUKEE. 147 community, although the stunning effects of the alarming in telligence inclined men to reflection, and moderate, subdued conversation, rather than to stirring address. They had not as yet recovered and roused themselves for defence and valor. They spoke to the multitude more from a sense of duty than of inclination. In Milwaukee, on that Monday evening, a meeting was held in the Chamber of Commerce. George W. Allen was called for, and spoke in substance as follows : He had no particular sentiments to utter. He was not filled with sentiments, but with emotion. Our Government had been attacked. Men in the employ and under the protection of the Government had been stricken down by armed force. It remains now for the people to say whether the Government shall be maintained. It remains for the people to demonstrate whether we have a government or not. [Loud applause.] Our Government, it is true, is based on public opinion, yet that opinion can be brought to bear for the maintenance of that Government. Since the Declaration of Independence, the Americans were never called upon to delib erate on such an exigency as this. Gentlemen, if we had been summoned to rally around our flag to repel or attack a foreign foe, we surely would have responded with one heart. But when in the bosom of our country, we have traitors who trample our flag in the dust, then we have a double motive and duty to rally for the Government. [Applause.] * * * E. H. Brodhead was next called upon, who said he was no speaker : that he had been a Democrat, and tried to defeat Mr. Lincoln, but that he was for his country, and that he woidd sustain the Government under any and all circum stances. [Applause.] Dr. James Johnson said, in a few remarks, that the Government should be main tained at all hazards. This had been his opinion from the beginning. So Ion" as Mr. Lincoln is President, so long he should be supported. Ours is a sad spectacle. Italy is growing united as a free country, while here we are tearing ourselves to pieces. There are really no grievances presented by the South. They do not com plain that the present Government is tyrannical. But, as Jackson said that nulli fication was only an excuse for them to set up a separate form of government, so the negro is now only an excuse for them to secede. * * * * In many places in the State, patriotic meetings were held on this and the few subsequent evenings, but they were im promptu assemblings, and the speeches were so far extempo raneous that but little record was made of them. At Madison on the 17th, at the final adjournment of the Legislature, Speaker Cobb made a pointed valedictory address. A message had been received from the Governor, announcing that he had signed and deposited in the office of Secretary of 148 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. State, the bill in regard to the rights and privileges of persons enlisting in the service of the country. Speaker Cobb then rose and said in substance : Gentlemen: — The hour has been reached when it becomes my duty to give effect to tho resolution for final adjournment. Before doing so, allow me to return my profound thanks for the uniform kindness and courtesy which have characterized your intercourse with me. It is pleasant, in this time of misfortune, this time of war and trouble, to be surrounded by gentlemen in whose countenances I see so much of kindness, so much of patriotism, as is exhibited in those of the members of this House. And let us, as patriots, as soldiers of the country, now, while strife and difficulty are impending, though we may feel sad at heart, see that we show it not upon our faces. And let us meet this emergency with an assumed if not a real willingness, and master it as our forefathers met and mastered the troubles and dangers by which they were surrounded. * * * * At mid-day, on the 19th, at the raising of a flag over the Chamber of Commerce, Milwaukee, the Mayor of the city, James S. Brown, spoke as follows : Fellow-citizens : — There [pointing to the flag] is the flag of our country. Ho who can gaze upon it as it floats in the free air, without a thrill of reverence or affection, is a traitor. I little envy either the heart or the head of that American who, under any circumstances, would without sorrow see that flag dishonored. I can well imagine causes which might induce even the loyal .State of Wisconsin, smart ing under Congressional tyranDy, to oppose the General Government, and raise the standard of rebellion. But that flag has waved over every battle-field that has secured liberty to our country ; and wherever, in any part of the world, that flag floated in the breeze, it has heralded 1 o the nations civil and religious liberty. And even if forced by circumstances to act in defiance of the Government particu larly represented by that flag, I should feel that its dishonor was my shame. No where in Europe have the oppressed raised the standard of independence without pointing to the United States, as a demonstration that liberty was synonymous with order and prosperity. But within the past year a wondrous change has been wrought. That Government which, one year ago, claimed its duration as co existent with the ear#, already is divided by civil dissensions. The machinations of traitors have succeeded in arraying the North against the South. Even in the Cabinet of the President treason has flourished. * * * * Matthew H. Carpenter, Esq., then made probably the most elaborate and finished, though not lengthy address, that to that time had been made in the State, on the subject of the rebellion, after the fall of Sumter. And few if any such were earlier delivered in the country. He said : PATRIOTIC SPEECH OF MATTHEW H. CARPENTER. Nearly forty years of profound public tranquility have passed over and blessed ADDRESS OF M. H. CARPENTER. 149 our land. We have forgotten to use the weapons of war, and have cultivated the arts of peace. We have engrossed our thoughts and enlisted our hearts in the pur suits of agriculture, manufactures, and commerce, and in advancing the arts and sciences most useful to man. No nation has been so blessed — none has so pros pered. While we have been thus improving all our mutual interests, amassing wealth at home and accumulating honors abroad, other nations have been vexed and worried with the " dogs of war ;" the war cloud has darkened the sunny sky of Italy ; armies have trampled the vine-clad fields of France ; and the recruiting drum has been heard on the green hills and in the sweet valleys of merry England. It has seemed that wo alone were to be exempt from the terrible calamities which have desolated the hearth and wrung the heart in other lands. Our remote situa tion, the circumstances of our nationality, and the habits of our people, and above all, our reverence for the hereditary policy of our country, seemed sufficient to in sure our continued peace and prosperity. But now, when we were least looking for it, our trial time has come. Our prosperity has debauched our people and cor rupted our Government. We have grown rich, have waxed fat ; and as a nation have become proud and wicked. " for swinish gluttony Ne'er looks to Heaven amid his gorgeous feastB, ' But with besotted, base ingratitude, Crams, and blasphemes his feeder." With everything to fill the hearts of the American people with thanks to God, and love toward each other, God has been forgotten, and brother is in arms against brother. The union of these States, to accomplish which our fathers sacrificed so much, and which has been rendered sacred, as the nation thought, by the efforts of statesmen of all grades of intellect, and every shade of political sentiment, to preserve and protect, the union is menaced with sacrilegious violence, and armies are marching on American soil to destroy our country, and our country's flag has been displaced on the battlements of a national fortress for the treasonable banner that flouts the Southern breeze. To quiet this uuholy rebellion, to avenge this unendurable insult to our national flag, our people are rising as one man, and every man feels insulted by this insult to his country. When the country is at peace, when no storm lowers in the horizon, no wind frets the sails, we may safely trust the ship of State to the guidance of demagogues ; and if now and then some trifling thing goes wrong, our pride, our conscious great ness, will bear us unruffled above it. Old totteriug Spain may now and then pre sume upon her imbecility, and slight our flag, and our careless and generous people will say with Berengaria, " 'Tis but a silken banner neglected ;" but when a whole State forgets her allegiance, when organized traitors levy war upon the Najional Government, and our national colors are lowered to the rags of treason, we all feel this is a stain upon our honor which no man has a right to forgive, and which the State must punish. • The Chamber of Commerce, the organized business men of Milwaukee, desire to testify their adherence to the national flag, their dovotion to the Constitution as it is, and their determination to stand by the Union of the States. Differences of political sentiment are entertained by the men who come here to raise the stars and •tripes over this hall ; but they feel that when robbers are at the gate, it is no time to settle domestic troubles. If the South has wrongs to complain of, they are 150 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. wrongs which the ballot box can correct, and which the sober second-thought of the people will redress. (Applause.) To that peaceful arbitrament the South must submit. Secession is not a remedy for evils, but is the sum of all evils ; it is a heresy that must be drowned in blood (great applause); it cannot be reasoned down; and much as we all do and must regret it, there is but one of two things left us — we must crush it or it will crush us. Such is the state of feeling in the South, that nothing-but the sword can remedy it ; and it becomes our duty as good citizens, and Christian men, to prosecute this war so effectually, and end it so speedily, that secession shall know no resurrection. (Cheers.) The South once more reduced to obedience, may ask an amendment to the Constitution, which we may grant. In my opinion, the Constitution of the so-called Southern Confederacy has many valuable improvements upon ours ; but until this theory of secession is extirpated, of what value is any Constitution? It is but a contract to bind one side, it binds the faithful and obedient, but lays no obligation upon the mischievous and traitor ous. This theory is akin to Hobbes' theory of the divine right of kings, in which it is admitted there is no hope of contriving any constitution of government that shall abide a month. Suppose, in a reconstruction of the Union, as some talk about, it were expressed in the new Constitution that no State should secede without con sent of two-thirds of the other States. A sovereign State may as well secede from such a government as any other. No Constitution can be formed which, «vith this theory admitted, can bind an unwilling State. The State, when it enters into the Union , and plights its faith to obey the Con stitution, and not secede, does so with a, mental reservation in behalf of her sovereignty, from this clause, as well as the others, and may secede, notwithstand ing. Indeed, according to this theory, it is impossible for a State to bind itself to anything. This creed is the lion in the path of our future progress as a nation, and we must destroy it, or it will devour us. And no expenditure of blood or treasure should be' spared to accomplish tins result. Our prosperity is checked ; our bright prospects as a nation darkened ; we must pass through rivers of blood before we again repose in peaceful fields. (Cheers.) We hang out our banner ; no dusty rag representing the twilight of seven stars, but the old banner that has floated triumphantly in every breeze ; the banner Decatur unfurled to the Barbary States ; that Jackson held over New Orleans ; that Scott carried to the halls of the Montezumas ; and thereby we mean to say, in no spirit of defiance, but with the firmness of manly resolution, this flag shall wave while an American lives to protect it. - And God grant it may float over a peaceful land, long after the followers of the seven fallen stars' shall have hung on gibbets or rotted in dungeons. On Sunday, April 21st, a "Union prayer meeting, of all denominations, was held in Racine, and addresses were deliv ered by Senator Doolittle, Judge Wording, and other promi nent citizens. The meeting was very large, and the scene impressive. Mr. Doolitfle's address was preserved in the Racine Advocate, and was as follows : ADDRESS 0E J. R. DOOLITTLE. 151 Friends, Neighbors, and Fellow Citizens : Tlie extraordinary state of our beloved oountry is my only apology for respond ing to your invitation to speak upon that subjoot in this place and upon this holy Sabbath day, Wo aro in the beginning of a new orisis in American affairs— a great crisis, the end of whioh God only knows. We stand in the presence of great events. We are, indeed, enacting a history, and for all time. We are about to settle the great problem of man's capacity for self-government, and to settle it forevor. It is not therefore a party question, at all, upon which I speak to-day. It lies deeper, far deeper. It is no less than whothor the Union and the Constitution can be main tained ; whothor we now have or ever have had a government under which any man should desire to live, or for whioh ho should dare to die ; whether the will of the people, constitutionally expressed, shall rule ; in short, whether Presidents shall be ohosen by the peaceful ballot, or bo forced upon us by the bloody bayonet. That's the question ; and upon that, I rejoice to say, Wisconsin speaks but one voice to-day. From town and hamlet, from native and foreign born, from old and young, from Re publican and Democrat, there comes but one response, "Tho Constitution and Union must bo maintained ; liberty and Union shall be one and inseparable, now and forever ; whatever stands in the way of their preservation, by God's help, we will trample in pieces." Before such an issue, all more party issues sink out of sight. Mere political ties are sundered like llax at the touch of flvo. Henceforth there oan bo but one issue, for or against the Union and Constitution, and upon that there is, and there can bo, no neutrality. Ho that is not Tor them is against them. Without trespassing, certainly without intending to trespass upon the feelings of any one, I may be permitted to say, what all must now oonoodo, that for more than two-thirds of the last year of Buchanan's administration, vacillation and imbecility, to use no harsher term, presided at tho White House. Traitors sat in Cabinet Counoil — aye, traitors, com pared with whom Burr and Arnold wero patriots and saints. Treason, open- mouthed, defiant, and unrebukod, stalked the streets of tho Federal capital ; infested every Department ; and at times, in language not unsuitcd to Pandemonium* beloliod out its insolent ravings in both houses of Congress. Onr forts and arsenals wero loll unprotected, in utter disregard of tho prophotio warnings and earnest romonstranoos of General Scott. Large quantities of arms and ammunition were sent South on purpose to be soized by the rebels. The army was posted beyond roach ; the army in Texas plaoed in commaud of «, traitor ; every ship of war ready for sorvico, oxoopt the Brooklyn, was sent to distant seas ; and even the gallant Anderson, when pent up iu Fort Sumter, was held powerless, while traitors wore binding him fast, and with the arms stolen from the Government, girding him all around with batteries to destroy him. That compelled him to evacuate. Oh, my fellow-citizens, no language can give uttoranoo to those emotions whioh swell every true American heart at tho evaouation of that fortress ; at the taking down of tho stars and stripes that floated over it, and suffering it to go into the possession of traitors. But, great as is that calamity, it has done a still greater good. It has opened, at last, to the eyes, and brought home to the hearts of the Amorican people, of all parties, in all its length and breadth and depth, that damn ing Calhoun treason, whioh, for years, has been plotting tlie overthrow of the best government upon earth, and, with it, tho last hope of constitutional liberty for 152 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. mankind. Let us not deceive ourselves. This thing is not the growth of a day or a year ; it is the studied and persistent work of many years. Its leaders now throw off all disguises, and declare that for more than thirty years they have been steadily at this work. * * * * That new idea is that slavery is the common law of the Constitution — the natural and best relation of capital and labor — the most safe and stable basis for free instiji tutions in the world. This Calhounism, entering into and taking possession of his followers, inspired them with the wildest fanaticism. Claiming slavery to be a positive good, it became, of necessity, aggressive. It demanded, at once, a reversal of the teachings of the Southern pulpit, and they were reversed. It demanded a reversal of the teachings of their public schools, and it was done — a reversal of the doctrines of the press, and of the creeds of political parties, and it was done. Upon the same demand it has reversed the decisions of their courts ; the acts and resolutions of their legislative bodies. It admits of no question. It tolerates no other opinion. It reigns supreme, despotic and intolerant as the Spanish Inqui sition, in the seceding States, and controls the leading politicians in all the slave States. Not content, however, with controlling State action, and all domestic, it also demanded the control of every department of the Federal Government, of Congress, of the President, and of the Supreme Court. It demanded of Congress the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and it was repealed. It demanded the invasion and subjugation of Kansas by five thousand men in arms, and it was done. It demanded the enforcement of the bloody Border Ruffian Code, and it was enforced. It demanded the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution, though it came, covered all over — reeking with fraud and perjury, and, as all the world knows, voted down by almost ten thousand majority. In that, however, for the first time it failed ; and, thank God, Kansas is free. It demanded the Dred Scott decision, reversing all the decisions of the Supreme Court, and of every State court, North and South, and of every Administration from Washington to Polk, and that decision was made. Last winter, made still bolder by this decision, it demanded a reconstruction of the Government itself — a new Constitution, by the express provisions of which, this Calhoun idea should be adopted, and the institution of human slavery spread all over the free territories of Mexico and Central America, just as fast as we should acquire them. And what was more insolent than all else, it declared that even if this last demand were granted to save the Union, there was to be no Union after all ; for it would still spurn with contempt the idea that the Constitution gives to the Federal Government any power to enforce its laws in any seceding State. But all these acts and usurpations, the natural precursors of what we now see, belong to the past. They are now swallowed up in the fact that, with arms in their hands, these conspirators have seized our forts and arsenals, robbed our treasury, insulted and fired upon our flag ; and, to crown the catalogue of their crimes, they have inaugurated actual war against the Government, and threaten to advance upon and seize the Federal capital itself. * * * That point, beyond which forbearance ceases to be a virtue, has been reached and passed long, too long ago, already. * * * I would hope, and pray, and labor still for a peaceful solution of this great national trouble ; but if blood must flow, if it be His will that we must " tread the winepress of the fierceness of His wrath " before we reach the end, be it so ! We stand for the Union and the Constitution of our fathers — for the right and glory of nations. We stand for constitutional liberty and equal justice to all mankind. In such a struggle, if true to ourselves, God, the Almighty, must LETTER OF J. T. MILLS. 153 be with us. Go on then, young men ; not a day, not an hour should be lost ; fill up the muster-roll of your company, ready to make a part of the first regiment from Wisconsin. * * * * On Wednesday evening, the 24th of April, a large meeting was held at Gravesville, Calumet County, J. xT. Stone being chairman. Hon. H. C. Hobart, now brevet general, said in an address : " It is now no time to dispute as to who or what has brought about this disturbance. It is enough to know that this country is in danger, and action, prompt and decisive, is what is wanted. I would rather fill a soldier's grave than stay at home a coward." H. M. Gibbs, treasurer of the county, said : " I will appoint a deputy who is unable to bear arms, and will join the com pany. A family of small children need my assistance, but I cannot falter when my country calls for aid." He went ; was captain of Company " E," in the Twenty-first Wisconsin Regi ment; was mortally wounded in the battle of Chaplin Hills, October 8th, and died the 15th, 1862. The chairman, J. 2sT. Stone, editor of the Republican, in that county, afterwards a captain in the ^Nineteenth Wisconsin Regiment, addressed the meeting : I am filled with love and enthusiasm for the good old flag that waves its folds about me, and also with anxiety for its safety. It has never been so dear to me as now, in the hour of its periL I am trying to arrange my affairs so as to join the gallant pioneer company from Calumet. Citizens of Gravesville, you have been as a unit denunciation the course of the South, and foremost in expressing a determin ation to sustain the National administration. Will you falter now, when the Union is in danger ? I think not. Having volunteered myself, I can call upon you to do so. They who accuse the South of cowardice know not what they utter. They are traitors, but not cowards, and we must fight them. If any think £here is to be mere boy's play in this matter they had better take their names from the list I eommenu the ladies of our place for their noble heroism in urging on this move ment At the conclusion of the meeting, sixteen citizens came for ward and enrolled their names. The Louisville (Ky.) Democrat, so early as April 25th, 1861, contained a letter, addressed to its editor, John H. Haney, from Hon. J. T. Mills, of Grant county, Wisconsin. Its keen and prophetic language may well find record here: * * * We enter upon the great apocalyptic war hopefully, joyfully, enthusi astically, believing the contest which the Southern people have precipitated in 154 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. their blindness, will be the richest boon to them that Heaven can grant. Though blind, they have seen clearly. In her wild delirium, the patient has called for a medicine more efficacious than any that the soundest doctor could have prescribed. In her calmest mood, the South expelled Yankee pedlars, and hung preachers, under the suspicion of abolitionism, as she termed it. In her "fine madness," she has called down the armed legions of abolition to overrun and take possession of her fields, her ports, her cities — to emphasize their heresies with the roar of cannon, and dignify them with all the " pomp and circumstance of war. ' ' Nay, they have not separated from the North, for its armies will bivouac in her very bowels. * * * * The reasoning of the South is contemptible, but her madness is divine I Her reasoning deified human slavery, and built a temple for its worship, and wrote out a ritual enjoining every knee to bow to it, and punishing every thought against it as unpardonable blasphemy ; but her wiser madness has called down the hosts of in fidels to set fire to her temple, dash the grim idol from his throne, grind its frag ments into powder before her face, as "red battle stamps his boot." Yes, the dense darkness of the South has led her to eternal day ; her apostasy has brought her into the presence of the true God — even as she falls she rises. Arrayed against a people now whose arts and manufactures have supplied her with the implements of battle, whose fires and forges can melt mountains of ore into every form that peace or war require ; though borne down by the weight of mightier forces — though staggering beneath the volleyed thunder belched from engines foreign to her clinie — though she sinks beneath the fiery billows and descends to the abysses of death — 'tis not long. She ascends with the bloom of immortality on her cheek, and the joy of eternity in her eye — her dross all consumed, her weakness and her fever departed. . The lost Pleiad has returned to its sisters brighter than before — the " Queen of the South," the "Paragon of Nations." No longer the new Da homey, or Congo, but the world's witness in behalf of freedom against slavery Free labor shall renovate her fields, and with her will be the spoils and fruits, if not the shout of victory. Though she must yield her sword to the invaders, she receives in turn the key of power — the great truth that freedom alone can unlock the citadel of greatness, that peace and not war can impart the distinction which she covets. God alone is great, and great while he is alone ; man is strong only in the fellowship of his race and the good-will of his species. When Judge Levi Hubbell, of Milwaukee, was on a journey to Washington, in April, 1861, he was obliged to stop for some days at Philadelphia, on account of the rebel demonstrations that closed the roads beyond Baltimore. Baltimore was held by the mob, which, on the Sunday previous, had attacked the Massachusetts troops passing through the city to Washington. Large numbers of the best citizens had been driven out by the mob, because they would not raise or shout for the "Con federate flag." On Thursday evening, April 25th (probably), a meeting was called in Chestnut street, in front of the Con tinental Hotel (opposite the Girard House), which was then filled by two to three thousand persons (mostly females, mak- SPEECH OF HON. LEVI HUBBELL. 155 ing soldiers' clothes), to hear addresses from certain prominent gentlemen who were there, refugees from Baltimore. They made stirring speeches to an immense gathering, call ing on the people of Pennsylvania to arm and march to Balti more, giving them a place only in the ranks, and to compel that city to submit to the Government of the United States, or burn it to ashes. The addresses were short, and the crowd called for more. Some person discovering that " a gentleman from Wisconsin" was present, announced the fact, and Judge Hubbell was called upon to speak. Having commented on the state of affairs in Baltimore, he further said, as reported in the Phila delphia Journal : I have been one of those who supposed, from what had occurred in my section of the country, that the people of the South had some just causes of complaint; causes which ought to be, and would be, removed, and that, being removed, har mony and fraternity would be restored. But I must confess myself deceived. We have all been deceived. While the South complained of petty grievances she was arming, at all points, for strife. While she charged the North with infractions of the Constitution, she was plotting its entire overthrow. While she clamored for a more perfect administration of the Government, she was rank with treason against the Government itself. I call you to witness, that we have borne with the inso lence and outrages of our Southern brethren as long as forbearance was a virtue — insolence and outrages which, coming from any other quarter, would not have been tolerated a moment. She has driven peaceable Northern men from their Southern homes and property; has stripped and lashed them like dogs; hung them, like felons, or covered them with tar and cotton, and hooted them out of her society, like outlaws. She has plundered the National Mint, taken forcible possession of Custom Houses, Post Offices, seized upon public Armories and Arsenals, arrested the United States Mails and violated private letters. She has assailed, with all the elements of war, a fortress in Charleston harbor, built with the National treasure, occupied by the National troops, and has driven out the National troops, shot down the National flag, and hoisted a hostile banner in its place. She is now marching her armies toward the seat of the National Government. Murder in her eyes, treason in her heart, and plunder in her hands, with the full design of driving out the President of the people, destroying the Government, and proclaiming from the Capitol the institution of a new government upon its ruins. She is about to inaugurate a new era in the world's history. She is about to overthrow a government established to secure liberty, and to establish a government designed to secure slavery — a government where all laboring men shall be slaves, and all the voting men shall be slaveholders ; and she is preparing to hurl off the free States as pestilent incumbrances upon her new empire ; to hurl them off in fragments, broken, dis- evered, denationalized, existing like the republics of South America, at war among themselves, without power, wanting in self-respect, and the respect of mankind. 156 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Could overt acts of treason be more marked, more damnable than these ? And in view of such acts, could the people of the North remain longer passive ? I tell you, had we dared to hesitate, under these circumstances, the spirits of the gallant dead from the battle fields of the revolution — Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Monmoath, Brandy wine, Trenton — would have come forth and charged us with treason, or rebuked us for our cowardice. * * * Thank God, the spirit of revolutionary sires still lives in their sons. The capture of Fort Sumter roused the people of the North like an earthquake shock. The telegraphic wires no swifter bore the news than the thrill of patriotism electrified the astonished and indignant masses. Hand grasped hand, voice responded to voice, heart leaped to heart, in every State, city, village, and rural district, there was but one feeling, one resolve, and that was to sustain the Government and punish the traitors, at any cost and at all'hazards. Thus, fellow-citizens, we are at war; a war inaugurated, forced upon us, by the infatuated people of the Southern States. In such a contest we have but one duty, and that is to fight. We should have but one thought, and that is to fight as hard as we can; fight constantly, fight to the end. We need not aspire to the boasting, nor stoop to the thievery of Jeff. Davis and his " chivalry,' ' but with all the means, and all the energy God and nature have given us, we should assail the foe. * * * * We must cover with our troops the whole line of Maryland, and, if need be, the entire lines of Kentucky and Missouri. We must surround with our ships the At lantic and Gulf coasts; we must blockade the Southern ports, and keep "King Cotton' ' from going out, and Queen Merchandise from going in. We must take possession of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and prevent wheat, and flour, and corn, from going down to feed the rebels, whether slaves or slave masters. Nay, more, if the war continues we must use the elements nature gives us. We must send down an army to open the " crevasses, " and restore New Orleans to its native marshes, then march across the country, burn Montgomery to ashes, and serve Charleston in the same way. What are three cities destroyed, compared with the Union saved 1 Let them sink like Sodom and Gomorrah, and mark by their deso lation, through all time to come, the spots where the traitors to liberty perished. We must starve, drown, burn, shoot the traitors. If Jeff. Davis and his crew sur vive the field, they must die on the gibbet or rot in a dungeon. Our eloquent friends from Baltimore have told us what has occurred during the "reign of terror" in that city. There is no palliation for the outrage committed upon your brave troops and those of Massachusetts, marching peaceably to the defence of the National Capital, by order of the National Executive. But I rejoice that they bore it so heroically, so magnanimously. I rejoice that they did not punish on the spot the assaults of the mobs as they deserved. In the result the best portion of the noble city might have suffered for the lawless acts of the worst. There is yet hope that the sober second thought of the people may yet hold Balti more firmly in the Union. She has enterprise, mechanical skill, mercantile and commercial interests, too vast to be sacrificed to the Moloch of secession. But she must choose her fate, and quickly. If she wishes to die soon, she will join the traitors. But if better counsels prevail, as I hope they may — if she adheres to the Union, and sustains the Government, she will come forth from the dim and wicked eclipse of the past week, and once more shine in honor and prosperity. Fellow citizens of Philadelphia, I beg you to accept my thanks for listening so long and so kindly to the voice of a stranger. I will detain you but to add, as a ADDRESS OF HON. BRVON PAINE. 157 citizen of the Northwest, that the people of Wisconsin, of Illinois, of Iowa, and Minnesota^ are as ardent, as patriotic, as energetic in this cause as you are. Dis tinctions of party, of sect, of locality and nationality, have been forgotten. Our adopted citizens, the Germans, Irish, English, Scotch, are vieing with the native born in the promptness of their action and the liberality of their contribution. Of Wisconsin, where I live, I can say that her population of eight hundred thousand men, women and children, are ready to defend the Union, the Government, and the stars and stripes, until that glorious flag shall wave again in triumph and peace over every foot of American soil. Judge Hubbell's remarks were responded to with great enthusiasm, and a general spirit of patriotism prevailed. Before the close of April, at a meeting in Milwaukee, Judge Arthur McArthur made an address, in which, after reviewing the various steps of secession until the fall of Sumter, he said: The great question now for us to .determine is one of tremendous importance, and that is, "have we a government?" Could ever a people exist without one? Can a people be called civilized and entitled to the respect of Christendom who have no government able to make its emblems and insignia respected, its function aries obeyed, and its laws executed ? Are we living under a compact so loose and fragile that the authorities we delegate to government cannot bind us by treaty or by law, and that our institutions have no power or force on our citizens ? Can oui standard be taken from us with 'impunity, and may others assume our flag ; and is it to mean so little that all men may tear it from our bastions and fight with it upon our own soil 1 And yet all this, and much more that is dishonorable and destructive must follow, if we submit to treason, or discard the principle of Union, and admit in its place that of secession. The doctrine of peaceful and voluntary separation must lead to tho direst conflicts and calamities. It may be confined to a hostile array of the North and South to-day, but its success will be followed by the dis organizing experiment in other quarters, as caprice or passion may rule. It is a form of political or national action fraught with the deepest and deadliest dangers to the unity and freedom of our country, and is the pathway to heavier woes than all the evils it seeks to remove. It must be resisted as we value the blessings we enjoy, or would transmit for the good of future generations. We are adjured in the holy name of liberty, and in the generous one of humanity, to look to the Union and to preserve our Government. Honorable Byron Paine, Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, in a Fourth of July address at Madison, in 1861, said: ******** Between that mission and an institution which was fastened upon us from our birth, like the vulture on Prometheus, who stole fire from heaven for the benefit of .men, there has existed an " irrepressible conflict." I am aware that I tread on volcanic gupund. But we must tread that ground, though the earth heaves beneath us, and 158 WISCONSIN IN THE" WAR. our pathway leads through molten fires. I shall revive no controversies of the past. I look only to the past to see what voice it sends us for the present. What ever opinion any man may have had as to the causes or the remedies of this con flict, that the conflict has itself existed no one can deny. The Government has been, for the most part, in the possession and under the control of the slave power. Since the policy was adopted of extending that power, concession after eon- cession has been demanded for its benefit. Dissatisfaction, strife, bitterness, and animosity have been engendered, voices of protest and warning have been uttered from time to time, but the practical solution of the difficulty has in each instance thus far been, to yield some part of their demands, which the mass of the people have adopted as a settlement of the question, in the hope that such settlement might be final, and the country go on in quiet, delivered from the disturbing cause. But travelers in the arctic seas tell us that the ice mountains, whose foundations sink to the mighty under-currents of the ocean, are sometimes seen moving steadily to the North, crashing through the ice upon the surface, and driving against the storms that howl down upon them from the pole. So it has been with this ques tion. * * * * Final settlement after final settlement has been made. Religious organizations have attempted to repress it. Political parties, hostile upon everything else, have joined together upon this, and resolved that agitation should cease, and never again ruffle the smooth surface of political .concord. But the "irrepressible con flict, ' ' moved as it is by the mightiest under-currents in human nature, has moved steadily on in its gigantic power, bursting the bonds of religious fellowship, grinding political parties to powder, and crushing the mightiest individuals, with all their hopes, like insects in its path. At the last election, neither of the great parties could yield enough to satisfy the slavery propagandists, and they ran a candidate of their own, and when defeated, they grasped the sword to overturn the Govern ment, and win by force or fraud what by right they could not. I do not wish to dwell upon the hideous details of this treason, upon the violation of all faith and honor displayed in using the very offices of the Government to plot secretly for its destruction. At the meeting of the Republican State Convention, in Madison, September 25th, 1861, the following resolutions were contained in the series adopted : Resolved, — That the present war is and must be prosecuted for the sole purpose of suppressing treason and maintaining the Constitution and laws of the Union, and that the destruction of the lives, property, or institutions of the people of the South can only be justified when indispensable as a means to secure that end ; when so necessary, the Government must not falter in the path of duty. If it must be, let the sword or the gibbet destroy the last traitor in the land, and the victorious legions of the North tread under foot the cherished idol of the South ; but the Union must and shall be preserved. Resolved, That the Republican party should not be confined, in the present crisis, to its own party in making nominations for office, but loyal and uncon ditional Union men of other parties are equally entitled to its confidence and support. M°ARTHUR, BRODHEAD, ARNOLD. 159 In the spring of 1862, Judge McArthur, in a public address, said : I think it does not require much forethought to see that the duration of this war is uncertain, and that we may be called upon to hold the rebellious States, or por tions of them, by military occupation for years. * * * * They absolutely desire to pursue a war of conquest, and jiot alone one of self- preservation. It is doubtful, even, if the leaders were wilhng to restore Federal relations as they formerly existed, whether they have the power to do so now ; for the South is belligerent and factionary within itself, and were they to proclaim a cessation of hostilities to-morrow, the flames of provincial war would, in all likeli hood, burst over the plains of Texas and the mountain fortresses of Georgia and Arkansas. The war is not of the nature of civil contests that have wrapt older communities in flames. It is not a strife to dethrone a king or ursurp a crown. It is not which party shall be dominant, or who shall be the representative men of the age and country. The contention is, shall slavery become the " order of ages. ' ' At a very large and enthusiastic war meeting held on the evening of July 19th, 1862, in Milwaukee, Mr. E. H. Brodhead was chosen moderator, and on taking the chair he said : That although, when the war first broke out, he was disposed to advocate as pacificatory a course as possible toward the rebels, yet he had long since become convinced that this was perfect folly, and that the more we continued to be lenient to them, the more we strengthened them and weakened ourselves. 'He said he was therefore in favor of taking the slaves of rebels as we would take any other property of theirs, and he was in favor of using them in our armies to perform labor, and, if thought best, to arm them for their own defence and to aid us. This, he said, was his position, not because he was a member of any particular parly, (for he had. been a Democrat all his lifetime,) but because he loved his country, because ho sustained an earnest prosecution of the war, and was anxious to have it termin ated as soon as possible by crushing out the rebellion. Jonathan E. Arnold, Esq., also a Democrat, spoke, and was reported * as follows : There has been too much squeamishness, and we have favored the South too much. In protecting their property we have lost 100,000 lives, and expended nearly a thousand millions of dollars. The only question now is, if we are at war, wo must bring to bear upon the enemy all the means of aggression known to civilized warfare. I would attack them at every point. We have waited upon them long enough. We must take their property, slaves and all. (Immense applause.) This is the true policy as well as justice to ourselves. Slavery is their strongest point. The negroes stay at home and till the farms, while the men go to war. If necessary, he would use the slaves as Jackson did the bales of cotton, make ramparts of them, placing them for that purpose in the van of the army, and then let the rebels destroy their property if they will. He would not stand upon * Daily Wisconsin. 160 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. constitutional rights in such an emergency. He would do what he proposes by the laws of war. He would use the slaves to dig ditches, or in any manner the com manders thought they could most aid us. When the war is over, then let the rebels find their slaves — if they can. He said he didn't believe that the call for 300,000 men was large enough. II loyal men are true, the men and money will be had in abundance, and the rebellion will be put down. We must volunteer at once, or other means will have to be resorted to. This duty of to-day falls upon us all, and not alone upon the poor. It falls as well upon men of property — men who have vast interests at stake. Judge McArthur responded to Mr. Arnold. " They have worse fanatics in South Carolina than we ever had here. They have been plotting treason for twenty years past. But we have never drawn a sword by which to force an interpretation of the Constitution." He also alluded to Mr. Arnold's idea of " using the negroes as Jackson did the cotton bales, and wanted to know if it wasn't better, while placing them so in the van, to give them a musket, and let them take a crack at their old rebel masters." (Great applause.) The Judge said that his friend, Mr. Arnold, accepted the amendment. (Applause.) 0. H. Waldo, Esq., as chairman of a committee to report resolutions, read a series, deprecating the appearance of cap tious or impatient complaint against our rulers, and declaring that the power of the Government must be exerted at once if the nation were to be saved; that the existing rulers must exert the power, and hence should be sustained; that to refuse to support the nation was to abet treason ; that Wisconsin would remain firmly, thoroughly, and unconditionally loyal to the Federal Constitution and to the Federal Union, and would furnish her proportion of troops : that no interference of a foreign power in our domestic difficulties should be- tolerated for a moment ; that for the establishment of peace we must look for the return of a deluded and mistaken people to loyalty, but that that would never be effected until it was the fixed and declared policy of the Government to render it as dangerous to be a traitor as our enemies have made it to be a loyal citizen in that region, and concluded with the following : Resolved, That the very leading object in war is to weaken the enemy, and deprive him of the power to do us harm ; that for that purpose we do not hesitate to even take his life, and after that to stumble on imaginary points as to his legal or constitutional rights of property during his life is puerile ; that one of the best MESSRS. WALDO AND HUBBELL. 161 established rights of a belligerent in war is, to take advantage of and derive aid from the dissensions, internal grievances, and dissatisfactions which may exist in the enemy's country; and while we duly appreciate the motives of prudence and moderation which have actuated the Government in that regard at the beginning of the war, while we do not demand empty proclamations from the Government which it has no power to enforce, and we fully recognize the truth that military law has no force beyond the region of country which is under actual military sway; yet we deem it now not only the right but the imperative duty of the Government, in all those places which are or shall be actually occupied, controlled, and possessed by our military force, where we have the power to protect, as well as to proclaim and employ, to call to our aid (in all ways in which it shall be found that they can aid us with effect,) the loyal black men who are the slaves of rebels ; to systematically organize and train them; to withdraw them absolutely from giving support to the enemy; to employ them in supplying the wants and in relieving the toil of our men; and, so fast as they can be taught the duties of the soldier, to arm them for our aid and their own defence; and that to all those who shall thus legally and faithfully help themselves, and make common cause with us, it should pledge the national faith to their perpetual freedom. Mr. Waldo supported the resolutions with some remarks, reported as follows : After reading them he made a few remarks, in effect that the people must rise up to the magnitude of the great work before them. One year ago he said that it would cost one hundred thousand lives and a thousand millions to crush tho rebel lion. That sacrifice has been made, and still the work is not done. The Govern ment has under-estimated the power opposed to them. He thought it was right for the people to criticise and talk to a certain extent, so that the Government might know the spirit and demands of the people. Their voices will strengthen the Government He had wished that before Congress adjourned, some one had arisen and said in the American Senate that no foreign interference would be toler ated. (Applause.) The nation would rise against it instantly. (Enthusiasm.) I religiously believe that we have the power, when aroused, to resist any force. The Senate is regarded with respect by foreign powers. Would that Clay, Webster, Ben ton, or Douglas, had been there to give such a warning! On another point he said that we are fast losing our constitutional scruples. We must use all our strength against the united and desperate South. The whole argument is, that we are at war, and not engaged in a trial of constitutional rights. Are armies, when about to meet in battle, to stop and discuss their constitutional obligations before the blow is struck? I know that it is difficult for some to come suddenly to the idea of employing negroes. Before long it will be far less dishonorable to be an abolitionist than to be a traitor. Judge Hubbell (a Democrat) remarked : We owe it to the brave soldiers on the field who have died for us, that every man and every press at home should support and encourage those living, and honor those dead. (Loud and continued applause.) I thought at first that we might conciliate the rebels, but I do not now, and I said months ago, in Albany 11 162 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. , Hall, what my friends now say — that we must fight our enemies with all th<» weapons we can obtain possession of. We have got to fight, or die as a nation I The instrumentalities used by the white rebels are four millions of black men who would be on our side if they could. We have no millions of blacks to till our soil, fill shops, and occupy exchanges and stores; but while we are obliged to fill these5 places, we are also taxed to support our armies, while the rebels take whatever they can find and need to support their armies and destroy the Government. Is it sensible to carry on the Government for the purpose of protecting rebels, while we are sacrificing so many lives and sinking beneath the weight of taxes ? The great mistake is that we have treated them as friends, while they have shown themselves to be thieves and murderers. But we cannot conquer seven millions of whites and at the same time preserve four millions of slaves. August 9th, 1862, 0. H. Waldo, Esq., addressed a lengthy and able (published) letter to Governor Salomon, on the " Con duct of the War," with the view of bringing the same to the attention of the President through the Governor. The early date of the communication is worthy of notice. Karl Schurz, in a speech on " The Doom of Slavery," de livered in Verandah Hall, St. Louis, August 1st, 1860, said : Slavery demands for its protection and perpetuation, a system of policy which is utterly incompatible with the principles upon which the organization of free labor society rests. There is the antagonism. That is the essence of the "irre pressible conflict." * * * Mr. Douglas boasted that he could repress it with police measures ; he might as well try to fetter the winds with a rope. The South mean to repress it with decisions of the Supreme Court ; they might as well, like Xerxes try to subdue the waves of the ocean by throwing chains into the water. On September 3rd, 1862, there was adopted, in a State con vention at Milwaukee, an "Address to the People by the Democracy of Wisconsin." E. G. Ryan, Esq., of Milwaukee, presented it. It criticised the Government in various respects, especially for the exercise of military power in parts of the land not overrun by the armies of the enemy, and for suspend ing the exercise of some rights which are enjoyed in time of peace. It professed to find justification for this complaint in the principles of the Constitution. It was at least an artful and able document, probably not surpassed, or even equaled, by anything on that side of the question that appeared during the war. It expressly condemned the rebellion, and yet adopted ADDRESS BY E. G. RYAN, ESQ. 163 principles and preferred complaints that tended to paralyze the power of the administration, and to create sympathy in some respects for the traitorous enemies of the country. One passage on constitutional rights and liberties is the following : Our State Constitution, asserting the inviolable right of liberty of political discus sion, adopts an American maxim as old as American Independence, when it declares that ' ' the blessings of a free govt rnment can only be maintained/by frequent recur rence to fundamental principles." And whosoever, in whatsoever position, asserts that there has come a time in American history when freedom of speech should be suppressed, when the safeguard of political opposition should be abandoned, and the voice of all parties except one should be silenced, when the administration of the government should pass uncensured and unquestioned, when loyalty to the insti tutions of our country should give way to passive submission to our rulers, has little sympathy with the spirit of the liberty won by the valor of our fathers, or of the free institutions established by their wisdom. In a free country, the freedom of the people abides in peace and war, in domestic tranquillity and civil discord. The Constitution of the United States, and the constitutions of the several States, pro vide alike for all the exigencies of peace at home and abroad, of foreign war and of domestic insurrection. The Constitution of the United States, and the laws enacted in pursuance of it, are the supreme law of the land in all conditions of the country. The Constitution is inviolate in all circumstances of the people and the Government. State necessity has no power to suspend tlie Constitution or abridge the freedom of the people. State necessity, as an excuse for invading popular liberty, has been in all history the tyrant's plea. When popular liberty succumbs •to the cry of state necessity, the land has already ceased to be free. Loyalty, in America, is the franchise of no office or officer. American loyalty is due to the Constitution alone. Fidelity to the Constitution is loyalty to the Union. There is no Union outside the Constitution, The Constitution is the Union. And whatever man, officer or party, assumes to be true to tho Union, and not to the Constitution as our forefathers made it and our fathers enjoyed it, is disloyal to both. Blind submission to the administration of the Government is not devotion to the country or the Constitution. The administration is not the Government. The Government is established by the Constitution, and rests in its provisions. The administration is as subject to the Constitution, and as responsible for its observ ance, as the people. The administration may err, but the Constitution does not change. And when the administration violates the Constitution, loyalty to the administration may become disloyalty to the Union. Devotion to the Constitution is the only American loyalty. After a laudatory passage concerning the Democratic party, Mr. Ryan said : The defeat of the Democratic party in 1860, has been followed by the revolt of several of the States from the Union and by the present terrible civil war, because it was defeated by a sectional party. We reprobate that revolt as unnecessary, unjus tifiable, unholy. Devoted to the Constitution, we invoke the vengeance of God upon all who -raise their sacrilegious hands against it, whether wearing the soft gloves 164 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of peace or tho bloody gauntlets of war. But we affirm that the revolt and conse quent civil war were a long foretold and probable result of the accession to power of a sectional party, because their success was the defeat of the spirit of the Constitution. * * * * But the Constitution left to the several States the exclusive control of their domestic concerns ; and had the spirit of the Constitution prevailed, differences of domestic institutions would never have disturbed the peaceful relations of the States in the Union. The slavery of the African race formed from the beginning the most important and dangerous of these differences. The Constitution was a compact of compromises, and in no instance more wisely or generously so than in relation to the institution of slavery. And had the soveral States of the Union abided in their politics by that necessary and magnanimous spirit of compromise, the Union would now be undisturbed, and ancient harmony and prosperity would reign where civil war now rages. Having enunciated some principles concerning fanaticism, he then applied the subject to "political abolition," and expressed himself in regard to slavery thus : It finally found employment fatal to the peace of the country in political aboli tion. The North had rid itself of the incubus of slavery. The North was as respon sible for slavery in the South as the South itself is. But fanaticism became offended with Southern slavery ; and overlooking home evils and home reforms, it devoted itself to the discussion of the evils of African slavery, clamoring against its crimi nality and urging its abolition. It disregarded the Constitution, and denounced its guarantees of the rights of slavery as a compact of sin and shame. Many of its teachers openly advocated disunion ; and many more proclaimed an irrepressible conflict between the domestic systems of the North and the South, arguing that the States of the Union must become all free or all slave. These dangerous and revolutionary doctrines have always been combated by the Democratic party. The democracy has no apology to make for Southern slavery. Wo regard it as a great social evil. But we regard it as a misfortune, not a crime. The crime is in the presence of the African race upon the continent. That is a crime of the past, not of the present. And even in the past it was less the crime of the South than of those who grew rich in the slave trade, and who now clamor for the abolition of slavery which they themselves planted. We hold this country to be the possession of the white race, and this Government to be instituted by white men for white men. We commiserate the condition of the slave ; but we are unwilling to violate the Constitution in his behalf, or to disturb society by emancipating four millions of an inferior race in a land possessed by a superior race. It is the sin of history that the African race is here ; once here in great numbers, tho proper condition of the African was subjection in some form to the white. Equality was impossible. Nature has made social equality impossible without fatally sinning against her laws, and without social equality political equality is impossible. Nature never placed the races together ; when brought together, the servitude of the inferior is the best condition for both races ; a necessary evil resulting from the violation of natural law in bringing them together. But fanati cism did not so see it. Fanaticism at tho North, unembarrassed by the presence of slavery, did not see slavery as a necessary evil, but only as an abstract wrong. 165 It could make no allowance for the condition of the South, and had no alteration for the compromises of the Constitution, or the safeguards which it extended to the institutions of the South. For a long time the abohtion party was a weak political minority ; but it was from the beginning an energetic and dangerous apostle of unconstitutional doctrines and of sectional jealousies and distrust. * * * * The results so wisely foretold, necessarily followed. The denunciation of the South at the North was met by denunciation of the North at the South. Hostility in the North to the institutions of the South provoked hostility in the South to the people of the North. The great mass of the people of the South were loyal to the Union"; but a class of public men in the South had for some time been tainted with disloyalty, and aimed to separate the Southern States from the Union, when ever an opportunity should arise to carry tho people of the South with them. These men zealously contributed to foment the abolition excitement at the North, and exaggerated its power and importance at the South. Thus faction begot faction ; and the abolition party at the North produced the disuuion party at the South. The spirit of Northern abolition and of Southern disunion insensibly grew together for years, until the period of the last presidential election, when a bitter animosity existed between large and powerful factions in the North and in the South. It is true that the Republican party avows its abolition1 tendencies less manfully than the old abolition party. They assume to interfere with slavery in the territories and other places subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, only, and not in the States. This thin disguise of their real policy, is fully exposed by the uniform tone of their discussions of slavery, by their resistance of the Fugitive Slave law, by their avowal of an irrepressible conflict between the institutions of the North and the South, and by the whole tenor of their legislation wherever and whenever they have been in power. That a large and respectable body of the party have no sympathy with its abolition proclivities, is perhaps true ; but there is no room for doubt that the abolition element in that party is its largest, most energetic, and influential element. With the strength and influence of the Republican party grew the strength and influence of the party of secession. Both were sectional ; both were revolutionary. It would be idle to show the revolutionary character of the secession party. Its revolutionary purposes were avowed. The Republican party was no less revolutionary, though its revolutionary tendencies were less manifest. La almost every State of the Union, in which the Republican party had the power, they enacted laws impeding the execution of laws of the United States. Such laws were passed by them in this State. A Republican judiciary in this State nullified acts of Congress, assumed to overrule the decisions of the Supreme Court of the United Slates in cases arising under the Constitution and laws of the Union, disobeyed its mandates, and Sanctioned by judicial decision the forcible rescue of prisoners held under the judicial process of the United States. But not content with this measure of disloyalty, the Republican Legislature of this State passed, in 1859, and has ever since refused to rescind, resolutions setting at defiance the authority of the United States, and asserting the doctrine of secession as broadly as it has ever been asserted by any Southern States. It will be acknowledged by many, that the author of the address had some reason for criticism, as it respects the action of the Wisconsin Legislature in intimating defiance toward 166 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the General Government. But the address does not state, as it should, that the resolutions referred to in the pro ceedings of the Legislature are nearly word for word taken from the celebrated Jefferson resolutions of 1798. If the Wisconsin Legislature was wrong, Jefferson was wrong. The address abounds in patriotic sentiments and paragraphs touching the iniquity of the rebellion, and the justice and necessity of prosecuting the war, but it interposes objections like the following : But we have a right to demand, it is our duty to demand, and we do demand, that this war be carried on by the Government for the Constitution alone, and under the Constitution alone. To that end, amongst others, we retain our political organization, and will use our best efforts from time to time and at all times, to regain for the Democratic party, under the forms and sanctions of the Constitution, the control of the legislative and executive departments of the Government of the United States. * * * * But war is not our whole duty. We owe a political debt to the Constitution, and that, too, must be paid. We adopt the language of General Jackson, that war alone cannot preserve the Constitution against disunion. War can, and we hope speedily will, subdue the armies of the revolted States. War can, and we hope speedily will, disarm every traitor, possess every place of strength, and uphold the grand old flag on every flag-staff in the United States. But when war shall have accomplished all that war can do, the Union will not be fully restored. The par ticipation of the revolted States in the government of the Union must of necessity be voluntary. War has no power to compel such voluntary action. The peace and permanency of the restored Union will depend, in a great measure, in the confi dence of the people of the recovered States, in the justice of the General Government, and in the faithful observance of their constitutional rights. War has no power to in- , spire this confidence. The stability of the Union then, as in times past, will need the mutual good- will and affection of the people of the several States. War has no power to control the affections. The people of the South will return to the Union, when they do return, wounded in their pride and embittered in their feeling. When they return, they will return as brethren, and merit the treatment of brethren. The law may demand its victims, but those guiltless of the war, and those forgiven by the law, will again be our political brothers. The restored States will return to the Union with all the rights of other States. To win back the confidence and affection of their people, and to restore the Union in the spirit of the Constitution, the sectional party at the North must be vigorously combated, and in due time overthrown, at the ballot-box, by the Democratic party, the only national, consti tutional party left in the land. We claim the right, as free and loyal American citizens, to discuss the conduct of the Administration, and to censure it when we deem it worthy of censure. Our fathers won and established this right, and we will not surrender it. We utterly deny to the executive of the United States the power assumed by Con gress in the Sedition act of- 1198 to suppress opposition to the Administration, or restrict the full freedom of political discussion in the loyal Stales. This would be CARPENTER'S REVIEW OF THE RYAN ADDRESS. 167 to assume a power above the Constitution. The Administration has no more power to suspend the Constitution, than have the people. The reference in the last paragraph to the Sedition Act of Congress, of 1798, pertains precisely to the congressional action of which Jefferson complained in his noted Kentucky resolutions ; and yet, in this same address, the author, while seeming expressly to sympathize with Jefferson's complaints, condemns the Wisconsin Legislature for adopting Jefferson's resolutions. The address continues : We denounce the abolition of slavery in the District of Colombia, at the cost of the United States, as unconstitutional, and peculiarly mischievous at this time in giving force to the distrust of the North in all the slave States. We denounce the sweeping and indiscriminate measures of confiscation and emancipation, as uncon stitutional, and as having a strong tendency to unite the whole South against the Union as one man. * * * * We deny the power of the Executive to suspend the writ of Aofeos corpus in the loyal States. We deny that this act, materially changing the laws of the land, is an executive act. We have the authority of the Supreme Court of the United States, pronounced by the voice of Chief Justice Marshall as long ago as ISO 7. and affirmed by every commentator on the Constitution since, that under the Constitution of the United States it is a legislative power. No king has assumed such a power in England since the revolution. We deny the power of the Executive to make arrests in the loyal States. The suspension of the writ of habeas corpus, if validly done, would not authorize this. There are Federal Courts in all the loyal States with full power and jurisdiction to punish all crimes against the United Sntes. * * * * We deny the power of the Executive to trammel the freedom of the press by the suppression of newspapers. The press is judicially responsible for abuses ; but the freedom of the press, subject to judicial remedies, b essential to the freedom of the people. Soon after the publication of the so-called Ryan address, M. H. Carpenter, Esq., of Milwaukee, reviewed it. He, too, and many others sympathizing with him. claimed to be Demo crats. Mr. Carpenter had supported President Buchanan, and in the presidential canvass which resulted in Mr. Lincoln's election, had taken an active part as a political speaker in^favor of Mr. Douglas. But when the war came, he made, as stated in a previous chapter, the first, or one of the first, studied orations in favor of a vigorous war for the Constitution. And both he and many others of like political affinities, never faltered in that course until Lee and Johnson surrendered, 168 wkconsis m the wae. and our flag floated in unquestioned supremacy from the lakes to the Golf, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Mr. Carpenter's view of the position of the Democratic party m regard to slavery, and, on the other hand, of Mr. Ryan's exposition of tie subject, is set forth in the following passage : The Democratic party has been called by its enemies the pro-slareij party. This has been repelled as a slander by all the Democrats of Wisconsin. They have said that with slavery we had nothing to do ; that it was a local institution, protected in the States by the Constitution ; that the provisions of the Constitution in relation to slavery were a part of the compromises upon which that instrument was based ; and that it was our duty to obey every provision, whether we approved or dis approved. The Baltimore Convention, in 1840, set forth the Democratic creed upon the slavery question. Mr. Carpenter then quotes the Democratic resolution and proceeds: This resolution was re-adopted by the National Democratic Conventions of 1944 and 1S4S, and pledged the democracy to let slavery alone, as a thing it had no right to interfere with. It is believed that no Democratic Convention, in a free State, ever wentbeyond this, to a justification of slavery perse. Jefferson pronounced slavery a curse and a sin. But hear what Mr. Ryan gays : " Nature never placed the races together. When~brought together, the servi tude of the inferior is the best condition of both races : a necessary evQ resulting from the violation of a natural law in bringing them together. But fanaticism did not so see it," etc Mr. Jefferson did not so see it ; nobody hi a free State, except Me. Ryan, ever did see it so, nor was it ever heard of in a slave State until Mr. Calhoun promul gated the infamous dogma, to the astonishment of the Christian world. The Spaniards have been universally execrated in history for enslaving the TiWKana But according to Mr. Ryan, the wag perfectly right. The sin was in the white race coming here. "Mature never placed the races together." Bat when the white man had committed the sin against nature of discovering and settling upon tins continent, then inhabited by an inferior race, he was perfectly justified ia enslaving it. "M is the lest ccnuiiliiyu for lath raas*." Is fl»fa democracy? * * * This address commits the very fault the Democrats have so long condemned in tiie abohtiomste. It assumes to interfere with slavery in the States, by discussing its merits, and concludes with the implied advice that it should never be abolished. "It is the best condition for both races." The abolitionist reasons over the same ground and ends with the advice that it should be abolished, because it is the worst condition for both races. Sow while the two extremes differ in their advice, they concur to violate the principle of political faith, announced in the Baltimore plat form, that the States are uthe sole cad prefer judges ef exeryihimg pertanasg to fhar oum qfears." It should here be said, that the abolitionists, while holding to freedom of speech, and the right and even duty to discuss CARPENTER'S REVIEW OE THE RYAN ADDRESS. 169 all moral questions pertaining to the welfare of man in any country or state of society, never, in general, held to the right of the Federal Government to abolish slavery in the slave States, though claiming that right in behalf of the territories, and the District of Columbia. The following passages from Mr. Carpenter's review indi cate the views of many Democrats in regard to a complaining and fault-finding spirit toward the Government : But a far more objectionable, because more dangerous part of the address, is its manifest apology for the rebellion, and its labored efforts to throw the blame of it upon the North. Paragraph is piled upon paragraph to show that the abolitionists are really answerable for this war ; and the occasional express repudiation of the necessary inference from all its statements and arguments, cannot redeem it with any intelligent reader. A skillful lawyer, wishing to apologize for a murderer, would say, ' ' Now, gentlemen of the jury, I do not justify my client, but you should consider the circumstances of his offence. My client was an honest, peaceable man, pursuing his own calling, on his own premises; the deceased came there; came with insulting language and menacing gestures; my client declined any dis cussion with him and requested him to go away; but the deceased became more rude and insolent, heaping upon ihy unfortunate client every kind of offensive epithet,N until finally overpowered with the anger the deceased had inspired, he struck a fatal blow, a blow the law cannot justify," etc. Now read this long address, and see if it is not in this spirit and of this character throughout. The trick of oratory, to pretend one thing while really accomplishing unother, and exactly the reverse, is not new with Mr. Ryan. Anthony practiced the same art in his consummate oration to the Roman citizens after the death of Caesar, in which every sehool-boy knows how he protested that Brutus was " an honorable man, " and at the same time convinced the people that he was the vilest of malefactors. * * * * * * * * * The differences between the North and South have swollen beyond the reach of arguments a terrible exertion of physical strength must settle the question. If the South wore conquered, if this rebellion were orushed out, then it would be proper to discuss what should be her treatment. But at this time, when rebel artillery is belching on the capital, tlie direct and only effect of such an address is to make our people doubt the justice of their cause, and thus enfeeble and unnerve the arm of the Government. It is matter of unfeigned astonishment and regret that any man could be found willing, at such a time, to perform this task; and it is not, less astonishing that any man who has invited and urged his neighbors and friends to volunteer to fight in this war ore tlie part of tlie North, should after they had moved to the battle-field, give his voice for a formal address to be promulgated ex cathedra, tending to show that these volunteers are engaged in a war which, to say the least of it, had been brought on by the aggressions of the North upon tlie South. Mr. Carpenter then proceeds to defend the exercise of the war power, in all the States, to suppress the rebellion : 170 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. But there is one position not argued, but assumed as a premise, the invention of which cannot be charged upon Mr. Ryan. It is this: "The Constitution of the United States and the constitutions of the several States, provide alike for all the exigencies of peace at home and abroad, of foreign war and domestic insurrection. ' ' The traitor Breckinridge, shortly before joining the rebel army, maintained in the Senate and in public speeches, substantially the same doctrine. And if he could have convinced others of its soundness, he probably would still have remained in the Senate, and there have contributed more effective aid to the South than he can with his sword in the field. Mr/Yancey, lately writing to the people of one of the revolted States, expressed his surprise at the resources the North bad been able to command, and his utter astonishment and horror at the disregard shown in Congress for the Constitution. This language seems more appropriate in a traitor's letter than in the address of a Northern democratic convention, but comes to the same practical end. If the Constitution does indeed provide ' ' for all the exigencies of peace at home and abroad, of foreign war and domestic insurrection, ' ' then it is certain that the South will succeed, if we heed the Constitution ; and it would tend very much to dis courage the North in this contest to convince them that they are daily violating the Constitution they supposed they were fighting to maintain. But fortunately for us, and for all that is at stake in this controversy, the doctrine here announced cannot be maintained. The Constitution is the chart of civil government, and as such provides for the raising of armies and navies, and that the President shall be commander-in-chief, etc. All this is part of the machinery of the civil state. It is not very certain what is meant by "provides for all the exigencies of foreign war." The address is extremely general and oracular at this point. One of the exigencies of foreign war placed General Scott and his army in the city of Mexico. Now is it meant that the Constitution provides for such a case, and directs what General Scott might or might not do in an enemy's capital? If it means any thing it means this, and yet how unfounded is the assertion. The Constitution no where directs when, where, or how a battle shall be fought, or city be taken; and if General Scott had looked to its provisions, he would have found not one word applicable to the subject, or that any one has ever pretended was applicable. When our army marched to Mexico, it went, not under the Constitution of the United States, but under the law of nations and the usages of war, and had precisely the same rights and duties as an army of Great Britain or Russia in the same situation. * * * * But because the civil powers of 'the Government are limited by the Constitution alike in war or peace, it by no means follows that the war power is defined, limited, or controlled by the Constitution. It is a very artful feature of this address — one borrowed from the methods of Mr. Calhoun — that it passes over the really debatable ground upon this subject, and, without argument or discussion, assumes as premises the very points in controversy. It is asserted that the Constitution provides for all the exigencies of war, and thence it is argued irresistibly, that the Constitution is being violated in the prosecution of the war. But the premises assumed are totally denied . The great fallacy in this part of the address is at the starting point, and in what is assumed with perfect confidence as an axiom. If a man were to commence an argument by assuming that the moon is made of green CARPENTER'S' REVIEW OE THE RYAN ADDRESS. 171 cheese, he would have little difficulty in proving that its presence would not " illumine the night." But to return: if there is any meaning in this part of the address, it means that the provisions of the Constitution apply to the persons against whom the war is waged, and regulate the extent to which the war may be carried, as against such persons. A few examples will put this pretence at rest. The Constitution pro vides, for instance, that no man shall be deprived of life without due process of law. Does this provision apply to the conduct of the war, and can no rebel be killed till he has been first tried and convicted by a jury ? Then every rebel slain on the battle-field is murdered. So we may take up the provisions of the Consti tution one by one, and show that no one of them applies, or pretends to apply, to the conduct of the war. War is entirely outside the Constitution ; the Constitution makes preparation for it, but is silent as to its management. It furnishes the instru mentalities, but does not direct their use. This is as-true of domestic 'as of foreign, war. The Constitution commands the President to take care that the laws are faithfully executed, and gives him the army and navy for that purpose. And the President, and the military and naval officers under him, must of necessity judge in the first instance of the exigencies of the war, and prosecute it in all places till the principal object be accomplished. The. power to arrest is as undoubted as the power to kill, and is as necessary an exercise of the war power. The power to destroy property, if necessary to the successful prosecution of the war, is of the same undoubted nature. It is worthy of notice, that in the Constitution the protection of life, liberty and property, are united in the same provision as follows : No person shall "be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law ;" and all stand upon the same footing so far as this discussion is concerned. An exercise of the war power may sweep them all away, and the Constitution no more pretends to protect one than the other, as against the war power. Would it be pretended that if a spy came within the military lines, under such circumstances as are for bidden by the usages of war, that the President or his servants could not arrest him without warrant ? And could it make any difference that the spy, whose character was clearly ascertained, should be found in one of the loyal States ? Suppose the Government should be collecting at Cincinnati a large force for a particular pur pose, and a soldier from the rebel army should be sent in disguise within our camps to spy out the number, condition, and destination of the troops, would there be the slightest doubt of the right and duty of the President, or his military subor dinates, summarily to arrest such person, and subject him to military trial and pun ishment as a spy ? Yet the address says, in most charming generality of expression: ' ' We deny the power of the Executive to make arrests in the loyal States. * * There are Federal courts in all the loyal States, with full power and jurisdiction to punish all crimes againstthe United States." Again : suppose the success of a particular campaign should be found to depend upon entire secrecy, yet some newspaper in New York should persist in publishing day after day full particulars of all preparations and plans of the campaign, thus acquainting the rebels with the information necessary to render it a failure, would any man doubt that this was, if done knowingly and wickedly, giving aid to the rebellion? Would it not, under such circumstances be the duty of the President, or his military agents or officers, to arrest such editor, and suppress such news paper, with artillery, if it could not otherwise be suppressed. Yet this address 172 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. says, without any qualification whatever, " we deny the power of the Executive to trammel jthe freedom of the press by the suppression of newspapers," etc. * * * And every lawyer knows that wherever a power is lodged, there rests also with it the right to judge whether the proper case is presented for its exercise ; this is absolutely necessary to the utility of the power. The President and his military subordinates must therefore judge, answerable to public opinion and on their con sciences to their God, whether the proper case exists to make a military arrest, to batter down a fort, or blow up a newspaper. The President must judge of the con duct of men, and of the character of the publications, and say whether they are of a class to be proceeded against in the courts or with bayonets. On the 25th of June, 1863, a State convention was held at Milwaukee, composed of those in general who sympathized with the address presented by Mr. Ryan at a convention in the same city, September 3rd previous. Some of the resolutions passed by that body are the following : 2. Resolved, That a war maintained by the Federal Government in defence of the Union as our fathers established it, "carried on under the sanction and subject to the guarantee of the Constitution, is a war enlisting the holiest sympathies of mankind, and meriting, as far as mortal work can merit or mortal man can see, the blessing of the almighty God of battles ; but that war waged by the Federal Gov ernment to reduce sovereign States to provincial dependency, or to subvert rights 3ecured by the Constitution to the several States and the people thereof, under a pretence of maintaining both, would be as unholy a war as ambition could devise or tyranny inflict. 3. Resolved, That while we believe that the slaveholding States had received long and grievous provocation, by assaults upon their constitutional rights by Northern abolitionism, the original and accursed cause of the terrible civil war now raging, yet we believe the revolt of the Southern States to have been without any justification or excuse at all adequate to the terrible extremity of the dissolution of the Union. We believe the war to have been forced upon the general body of the people of the South, as well as upon the Federal Government, by the mad and guilty ambition of public men in the Southern Slates, banded in a conspiracy counter to the mad and guilty fanaticism of Northern abolitionists. We hold the Southern revolt to have been from the beginning wholly unjustifiable, a crime against the laws of God and man, against the best government ever established by human wisdom, and against the cause of civil and religious liberty throughout the world. i. Resolved, That the end does not justify the means ; and that no cause, how ever sacred, can justify a disregard of public and private rights secured by the fundamental law of the government ; that the usurpations of Federal officers, civil and military, against the constitutional rights of the Stales and people remaining loyal to the Union, have been and are unwarranted, unnecessary, wanton and criminal ; and that the present Federal administration, in conducting the present war, has left the world in doubt whelher their principal object is to restore the Constitution at the South or to subvert it at the North. The history of the world has rarely shown a grosser or more systematic abuse of delegated and limited KErTBIICAX STATE 00SVKXT105. 1TB powers, or a awse rasefent assxaapcoa af arbitrary power by the coBstitetiaea! servants of the people. a. JtearnA, That while we wSHsssciia to oar otemstabffity a -war for the resto- raooaof theUaioa as long as a reasesabfe hope for itsswwBS aa^y tenuis, we wEl owe no support to a war waged against the Ocestitntioa or the rights gaaranieed by it. Ob ftthers foanded the CoBStstoiica, and if those elnrged with the adaaio- isoaaoa of the Federal 6oTeramenl shook! be' so irssse iea guOly as » turn their power against the righe of die Ssates aad tie people of the North, we fully hehere that they »3 ±ad the great assises of the Xonhera people, without dfc- sassae of party, worthy of the Oanssatutaon by sapporoae; i, aad worthy eC the fathers who fowled it, by inritariag their esaatple oaderlawfeBS opgresscca. 6. Jtaatmd, That we will consent to no «fis«errber»eat cf the Uaiosi. aad to no abrogation or suswenswn of the CoeesMooom. ~he one is ss holy and binding a daty ss the ks. Tie Union is ssrength. *e Cassosaoon is freedom. Better Ebertr sad right one of the Uakm thsa a government above the GoasdUiiaa and the taws. * * * * * * ***** These guarantees [freedom of speech sad of press, the right to keep and bear arsBS. aad freedom Sram tanreasoaahle searches sod seinaes] h»Te bees sjsteBaia- enHy viobsed by the present Federal Adainisoatk*. Not by accident, sot by Essake. bat noon fee defiherate assumption of the President of the United Sates and sfe subordinates, erril aad uriBtary, dot they ¦ay of right viable them whenerer a their jmdj,n»r in it gay seeaa expedient. ****** ***** Aad we ho!d fiat every deliberate vwiaooa of the popular EberSy or private right by the Pressdeat or -is 5*orirs»Ks is a erase against the Ccessiasioa, which will be followed by ~2ss eeosciciic-raj punishment, if peace and egastira- tsnal ordgr si -«ld ever agam refers in ;--r distracted country. At the Republican State Convention, held at Madison, August 19ih, 186S, Mr. Doolitde, firom the Committee on Resolutions, presented the following, whieh were adopted: JBesriresi. That this. Convention eosdislly srrrr-vrs; Tie foHowEE T>r;ii35itJeffi5 contained ia the call under which it assembles. Thai the Umsa be preserved hi is Buegrirv : that die CcosiTcucc and laws of the 'Called Sates be enforced -Hiseari- earx the whole jataosaldouaata: that the ier-ei:--c be S5n>paessed, not by compromises with, or eoacessiaas to tratfiots, bat by the sword, wi;ee agency they have in voked ; that the Xaaosai Atemisfranon sir^dd be bearstfr- aaad geaeroosly sajwwwied ej ii rfins to pot d»wm the rebeffioa. * * * * Jfeewfawi That we desSpr? *e pariiaaa bos£:3y whaeh bss beea awakened agasst l3ae tSoveraaieat. by ra^ressed politiaaas aad des^arag tfenssc^:^ of tie X.-^i. 'he^ifTirs' that it eaa oahr tead, by eneoarariag Trbejs. to p^:-rr»f: the war ; arji instead M kiadfiag the patrionsav to arose the aaaamsities of oar people, aad K> eeeasw^ ebewfeete tfce suse r">:.;.-j?. dubijfieal. aad aaaiehieal sceass which have already derated the cossierebi aeae-iviis of ifee 3a£-jo. SssAnsi TJii; the warasest t*^aVs of the loyal people are doe and ate hereby tesdered to the brsve aad devoted soMJsrs who hsve rsSed rs defoace of tie old 174 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. flag, and nobly and persistently fought the battles of the country, and met and vanquished on so many fields the hosts of rebellion seeking to destroy our national life ; and that we pledge ourselves, before Heaven, to sustain them by filling up their thinned ranks in the most expeditious manner, until the end of this rebellion shall come, and peace be restored to the land. Resolved, That we admire and reverence the steadfast loyalty of the Union men of the South, which, amid so many temptations and persecutions, has kept them faithful to the old flag ; that in their sufferings they have our profound sympathy, and that it is the duty of the Government, at the earliest possible moment, to deliver them from rebel oppression. Resolved, That we recommend to the loyal people of the several districts and counties of the State such a reorganization of committees as will ensure a more perfect Union organization between Republicans and Democrats in political action. * * * * J. B. Smith proposed the following, which was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That the soldiers who have lost their health or been maimed in the service of our country, in its struggle for self-existence, should be selected for places within the gift of the Government, either State or national, wherever they have the necessary and equal qualifications, in preference to those who have taken no part in the struggle in the field. On September 17th, 1863, a " Loyal Democratic State Con vention" was held in Janesville, which had much significance and importance as related to the Union sentiment and action of the State. Many of the ablest and most prominent men of that party were present, and took part in the convention. Judge Hubbell, as chairman of the committee on resolutions, presented a report, which was read by the Honorable M. H. Carpenter. The following are several of the resolutions adopted: Resolved, That the Constitution vests in the President " the executive power" of the Government, creates him ' ' Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States," and commands him to "take care that the laws be faithfully executed," without defining tlie manner in which any of these enacted powers shall be exerted ; it becomes his duty under his responsibilities to Heaven, to the people whom he represents, and to the laws of civilized nations, " to judge," in times of war and of great national peril, ' ' what degree of force the crisis demands," and to select from the known usages of civilized warfare such measures as he deems most efficacious ; and it becomes the corresponding duty of all loyal citizens to yield to all such measures their ready and hearty support. Resolved, That the present rebellion was commenced and is prosecuted for the dismemberment of the National Union, and the destruction of the Constitution and THE LOYAL DEMOCRACY. 175 Government of the United States; that in view of the vast armies now arrayed by the rebels for the .commission of ihis national murder, no individual and no party can stand indifferently by and witness the perpetration of the crime, without be coming a participator in the bloody treason, *•» Resolved, That, as Democrats, we support the Government in this war prosecuted against it by the rebel States, with no purpose either to protect or destroy the institution of slavery; but, as the slaveholding States have causelessly and recklessly attempted the subversion of our common Government, if in the foray that Govern ment is unable to protect either their lives or their property, upon their own heads must rest the blame. Yet, as citizens of a free State, we are utterly opposed to the admission of'the black population of the South among us, so as to disturb our domestic peace, or create competition with white labor. Resolved, That we recur with undiminished pride to the past history of the Demo cratic party — a history interwoven alike with the triumph of popular liberty, and the defence and glory of the Government; that we cannot forget that the opponents of this ever-loyal party, in the war of 1812, refused to support the measures of the National Administration, and burnt blue lights along tho coast, as beacons to our enemies, and in the Mexican war factiously withheld supplies from our brave troops in the field, commending them to the " bloody hands and hospitable graves" of the foe; that we have no wish now, amid the bloodiest and most unprovoked war that ever imperiled the Government, to imitate these bad examples, and, by denouncing the measures and motives of the Administration, by discouraging enlist ments into the army, and decrying its victories, by spreading throughout the loyal States the firebrands of faction, and by giving aid and comfort to traitors in arms, thus to sink the Democratic Party to the odious level and fasten upon it the endless shame of Hartford Convention Federalism. The address, at that convention, " by the loyal Democracy of Wisconsin to the people of the State," was delivered by Judge Arthur McArthur. Justice to the theme of this chapter requires the selection of a few passages : We cannot be blind to the fact that self-constituted expounders have warranted public opinion in attributing to the Democratic party a want of zeal and devotion in a crisis when the Government can only be preserved by force of arms ; nor can we observe, without anxiety, the construction which a reasoning world places upon the resolutions and popular harangues which assume to utter its sentiments and embody its spirit. It is beyond denial that the burden and substance, during the last twelve months, of all these addresses, resolutions, and pseudo-platforms are fraught with disaffection to the national authorities, and the most terrible predictions of their evil designs. We may ask how deeply do these spurious text books, attempting to exemplify the Democratic creed, enter into the duties we owe our beloved and shattered commonwealth — what exhortation do they breathe to follow its banner? What sacrifice do they encourage for its salvation ? Where do they compare the appal ling evils of defeat, to the minor sufferings and evils and trials through which victory must be achieved ? From what stand has a popular mouth-piece uttered a sentence for the last twelve months which betokens an approval of the most 176 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fortunate administrative measure or conduct? In what phraseology has one of this class encouraged a hope that the rebellion will be crushed by executive or military vigor? Or has one of them, upon any occasion, suggested or approved of a single expedient by which our success has been achieved, our armies advanced, and the South driven to the wall ? In an examination of the address adopted by the " Democ racy of Wisconsin" in September, 1862, and of the resolutions adopted by the same class of Wisconsin citizens, in June, 1863, the address by the "Loyal Democracy" contains the following: The resolutions * * * inform us that the abolitionists were the original and accursed cause of the civil war now raging. And the learned and able gentleman who was the presiding officer of the nominating Convention declared that our own Government drew the first fire from Southern guns by a preconcerted trick to initiate a civil war. * * * * But these inconsistencies and historical perversions would not have been endorsed by the delegates if they had for a moment thought of the past. Many years before the "Abohtionists" or "Republicans" had a voice, South Carolina (to whom the term ' ' original and accursed cause ' ' of this rebellion is far more applicable than where we find it) refused to vote at the presidential election at all ; and in 1832, this State had levied armies and prepared every thing for resistance to the laws, as much as if a foreign invasion was about to enter her territory. She adopted an ordinance of conditional secession, and such was the indomitable spirit that ap peared to prevail, and the determination not to permit the laws of the United States to be executed, that an act of compromise was effected solely to avert the conse quences her threats of civil war predicted. General Jackson was President at the time, and he was about to give an appalling explanation of what he considered "treasonable practices." He considered that Calhoun had incurred the penalty of death, death by the gallows, without an overt act of violence ; and in the presence of the Great Eternal he avowed his solemn determination that he should speedily be brought to justice. He did not stop to palaver with South Carolina through platforms about their having received long and grievous provocation, by assaults upon their constitutional rights, on account of the revenue laws which they affirmed to be sectional for the benefit of the North. The dispute was ended by compromising the protective system ; and every national measure for the last thirty years that the South has found too long or too short for their views, has been denounced as sectional, and such, no doubt, do they regard even the bombardment of Charleston itself. * * * * That portion of the address relating to slavery is one of the most singular passages to be found in political literature. It rivals any of the tortured defences which bondage calls to its aid ; for although we are told that " the democracy have no apology for Southern slavery, " yet a considerable space is devoted to its vindica tion. Within a quarter of a century, although slavery had put forth more apologies for its own existence and extension than any other subject of criticism in the circle of human affairs, yet the democracy have never been so unwise as to make a defence of slavery an element of party, wisdom, and piety. We have always regarded the institution as within the protection of the constitutional compromises ; and even Southern Democrats of the most extreme opinions never asked us to HONORABLE JONATHAN E. ARNOLD. 177 defend it outside of the Constitution. But while the masters and partisans of slavery have had no little anxiety in disposing of its imputed criminality within their own conscience, and before the world, the terrible question is disposed of by the con- soionoe-keepers of tlie Wisconsin democracy, by declaring, as an abstract proposition, "that the proper condition of the African was subjection in some form to the white ; * * * when brought together, the servitude of the inferior is the best condition for both racos." * * * " Nature has made social equality impossible without fatally sinning against her laws." * * * This state of things is pro- nouucod " a misfortune, not a crime ;" "a necessary evil resulting from the viola tion of natural law in bringing them together," etc. This goes far beyond the serious opinions of reasonable Southerners, and the philanthropist of the address should not havo withheld the opinion of Mr. Jefferson, whom we have always regarded as the best possible authority, who, upon this especial subject in the abstract, has said that the Almighty has no attribute that can take sides with the slave master. The attempt is now made, we believe, for the first time, to make this dogma not a mere expression of opinion, but an article of political faith ; and perhaps we should not be surprised that the attempt to discredit the war and its active powers should be coupled with a vindication of tho peculiar institution our onemies uphold as tlie basis of their government, and which has led to the blood and ashes of this rebellion. Honorable Jonathan E. Arnold, the president of that con vention, made an address in the course of its sessions, and in it said : ¦a But, fellow citizens, no matter what may have been the causes of the rebellion, it is upon us, and must be disposed of or it will dispose of us. Upon one tiling I think all may agree, and that is, that this rebellion is utterly unjust and utterly wrong, and that the South are pursuing a war of aggression, and that upon the part of tlie North this war is just, religious, and self-defensive. This proposition, I beg leave to remark en passant, is one of the propositions of the Ryan address whioh I most heartily approve of. It asserts that this war, upon the part of the South, is aggressive and wrong, and upon the part of the North, it is just and defensive. But taking this proposition to be true, do not two consequences necessarily follow from it? First, if this war be wrong and aggressive on the part of tlie South, and just and defensive on the part of tlie North, does it not follow that it is tlie bounden duty of every man in tho North to be true and loyal to the Government? Ought there not to be a state of complete and perfect unity of feeling and action on the part of Government and people in crushing; this unholy and aggressive rebellion? (Applause.) Another proposition follows, which is just as true, and that is, that the whole constitutional power of the Executive is invoked, and may and should be properly exercised in the work of crushing the rebellion. This, fellow-citizens, is not a war declared by tlie Congress of the United States or by the Constitution. The power is vested in Congress to declare war to a limited extent, and to limit tlie means by which it shall he carried on. But we have here no declaration of war by Cougress. We have a war forced upon us— an aggressive war — a war in which we are fighting in self-defence for the very preservation of the Government. 12 178 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ******** These men talk of Southern rights, that must not be invaded. They are very careful about Southern rights, which must be protected. Pray, what rights have they, if they be rebels to this Government ? What rights have they to be respected more than those of the antagonist who has you by the throat, and is attempting to take your life ? I do not understand what this language means. Does it mean their slave property 1 Is that the rights that is meant which we are to respect ? They have forfeited all their rights. All the means and laws known to Christian warfare are now at our disposal to capture and appropriate one kind of Southern property as well as another, even if we take their negroes, together with their ships, cotton, and grain. But they say again, that you propose to carry on this war, not for the legitimate purposes for which it was first adopted, but for the pur pose of freeing the negro ; that is what the Administration is prosecuting the war for. Who is authorized to say that? Who knows it? When this subject was broached to Mr. Lincoln he is said to have replied that by the time the rebellion should be crushed, it would be time enough to inquire about that matter. I think so too. Let us go on and crush the rebellion. If they have lost slave property, it is the consequence of their own acts ; and if, by the force of our armies, we shall free every slave and exterminate slayery in the South, I for one shall shed no tears over it. (Applause.) Honorable Winfield Smith, Attorney-General of Wisconsin, delivered an address in the Spring-street .Congregational Church, . Milwaukee, on Washington's birth-day, February 22d, 1862, in which he uttered some prophecies now being fulfilled: When this rebellion shall be subdued, when "unconditional surrender" shall be the "compromise" accepted by all armed rebels, when our heroes that have gone forth in hope and courage shall return in triumph and honor, when the founda tions of our Government shall have been laid deeper and broader by their hands, and they and we shall rejoice over the noble work — think not that we shall accept the past as the measure of the future I The Constitution may be the same, but the mode of expounding it cannot but be liberalized. The Government will remain, but it will be administered in a spirit of greater freedom and more perfect equality. The Northmen, thus conquerors, will not tamely bow their necks to the old yoke, nor reconstruct that fabric of political tyranny which they are now about to destroy. The evils they have put under foot they will never again endure. They will not vanquish the enemies of the Union to yield them renewed homage. We shall have time enough to break the old spells. The dispersion of the armies of the foe, the laying down of arms will not, we fear, close the struggle. We may have peace with the honest masses of the South — we may teach them to chant the glories of the Union; but their leaders will entertain eternal hostility to the Government they are striving to overthrow. Pride, revenge, ambition, will never cease to struggle, and only the firm hand of power will keep them in restraint. The loyalty of the English Jacobins outlived generations. Southern aristocrats will hardly be less faithful to their long-cherished traditions. They will never consent to be our subjects, nor our equals. You will HON. E. D. HOLTON'S ADDRESS. 179 take care that they shall never again be our rulers. The States will be long in growing together; the materials will not be the same, and the conditions of the new Union must be different. On the 7th of November, 1861, a national flag was presented by the State to the Tenth Wisconsin Regiment, in Camp Hol- ton, Milwaukee, and Honorable E. D. Holton, of that city, made the presentation address. Near the conclusion he said : What, then, is the deep-seated, wide-spread, all-permeating cause of this rebel lion against the most benign and blessed government the world has ever seen 1 Slavery — chattel slavery — the right of property in man, that old sin, the child of the dead, by which one man seeks to subjugate his brother man to his own behests. That is the cause. And what is the remedy? Would you have so humble a person as myself offer you an opinion as to what that remedy is ? Emancipation — freedom to all — to be wisely and prudently given. In the light of this rebellion the slaveholders, with rare exceptions, are its leaders. They have not only forfeited their property, but their lives ; and you go forth to take their lives. But now let us be merciful. Let us spare their lives, but confis cate their property ; and if there be loyal men among them, fully compensate them, at the public expense, for any just claim. None, I believe, deny the legal right of this course, as a war measure ; and when it is adopted, as sooner or later it must be, we shall have a victory worth conquering. Then shall peace, a permanent peace, founded, as it should ever have been founded, upon the rights of man, pre vail throughout our whole country. Then shall not only the common blessings which follow peace come upon those now disturbed rebellious States, but the cause of rebellion being removed, then shall come in its stead the dignity and the glory of free labor. Such is a limited view of the sentiments of political men and conventions in Wisconsin, at the opening and during the earlier part of the war. It is given with the design of imparti ality. The principle has been adopted to let men speak for themselves. They discoursed often of great principles, often of great undeveloped events. All along, here and there, many spoke with true prophetic tongue. And yet in their dimness of vision they often saw " men as trees walking," only ; they often trod along the boundaries of invisible realms of reality, without knowing whither their feet were tending, or how soon they would be crowded into wonderful and mighty events of the future. Note. — The last two selections would have been put in their chronological place if they had been obtained in time for it. Other selections would have been given if the author had succeeded in finding them. CHAPTER IX. ' THE WISCONSIN PULPIT. THE PRINCIPLES THAT GENERALLY GOVERNED THE PULPIT - RE LATIVE TO THE REBELLION AND WAR. BRIEF EXTRACTS FROM SERMONS OF FORTY- FIVE MINISTERS, ACTION OF ECCLESIASTICAL STATE BODIES, AND OF INDIVIDUAL CHUECHES. The pulpit of Wisconsin, in most religious denominations, gave an early and decided expression against the rebellion and in favor of the war waged by the Government. Its own jus tification, and the principles which governed its course, were as follows : Lawful government is an institution ordained of Heaven. " The powers that be are ordained of God. Whoso ever, therefore, resisteth the power, resisteth the ordinance of God."* Whosoever rebels against lawful government is a transgressor against both God and men. The author of right ful government has appointed penalty against transgressors. " But if thou do that which is evil, be afraid ; for he beareth not the sword in vain;\ for he is the minister of God, a revenger to execute wrath upon him that doeth evil." War, then, is justi fiable when necessary to overcome the enemies of lawful gov ernment. Moreover, whether war is ever justifiable is a moral question, and therefore its discussion comes within the sphere of the pulpit. All moral truths belong to religion. No religious question can properly be excluded from the Sabbath or the sanctuary. A mere political or civil question — one which is purely secular — has no lawful place in the pulpit. The church has no right with mere state affairs, and the state or politics has no exclusive right to any moral subject. The right * Romans xiii: 1, 2. f Romans xiii: 4. REV. C. D. HELMER'S SERMON. 181 of the pulpit to all moral truths and questions is even before that of the state, inasmuch as the pulpit has the most direct relation to God and his word. When a moral topic connects itself with the state, or enters the arena of politics, it is not the duty of the pulpit on that account to ignore it ; but it is bound to abstain from all mere secular issues, from all par- tizan expression, from all political feeling and prejudice. The Redeemer of men declares that he came not to send peace, but a sword, and yet, he said to his disciples, "My peace I give unto you."* He came to bring peace on earth and good-will to men, wherever men will receive the blessing. The sword is the world's perversion of his own offered peace. His truth is a sword because of sin. The peace wbich He does not come to bring is a false peace — peace in iniquity. The peace which He does come to bring is a peace allied to purity — " first pure, then peaceable."f The sword of Christ does not make war as an end, but as a means to true peace. The religious ministers of Wisconsin, in general, early saw that if the Government were wrong on the question of defend ing its existence by the sword, it was a great crime knowingly and voluntarily to support it ; and that if its course were right on that question, it was an equal crime, with an understanding of the subject, to refuse to support it; and they saw that in either case the pulpit ought not to be silent. Nor were those ministers long in deciding that there was no right of secession in this Government, that there was no State sovereignty superior to the Federal sovereignty concerning the "Union of these States, nor that the Confederacy was guilty of treason. Brief extracts from sermons preached, nearly all immediately or soon after the opening of the war, by Wisconsin ministers of various denominations, are as follows : On April 21st, the first Sabbath after the surrender of Fort Sumter, Reverend C. D. Helmer, of the Plymouth Church, Milwaukee, preached from Zephaniah i: 12, on " Signs of our National Atheism," and in his introduction said : These are days when the noise of tumultuous events breaks over into the quietude of the Sabbath. As it sometimes happens with our lake, which lies out * John xiv: 21. f James iii: 17. 182 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. here behind the bluffs: when there is a powerful and persistent sweep of the winds across the water, you will hear the roar of the excited billows reverberating along the shore, and breaking, in softened thunder, over into the city, pouring the echoes of the storm down the streets, through the windows and doors of our houses, even into the sacred sileDce of the inmost chamber — so is it now with the tempestuous roar that comes up from the stormy deep of this turbulent nation. The low thunder and the shrill hiss of this popular whirlwind break in upon every sphere of life, resounding through the shop, the counting-room, the office, the court-house, the exchange, the market, the school, penetrating the very vestibule of religion, and invading even its inmost temple. * * * * Now, it is in vain to talk of holding back the popular mind from thinking upon this inflammatory subject. Only dead men, and such as are as good as dead — I mean such as are morally, politically, and patriotically fast asleep — only such men will remain without a touch of excitement amid this national tumult. And it is in vain, moreover, to talk of excluding the theme from the house of Gpd. I should like to see you shut out from this consecrated audience room the atmosphere, and the light, and the echoes of the noisy street. If you did, you would have a vacuum in which no man could live, a darkness in which no eye could see, and the empty silence of sepulchres. On the 28th of April, he preached from Isaiah xiii : 2-4, on " The War Begun," and said : It has been proposed, in Italy, I think, to extinguish a volcano by turning the sea into it. These volcanoes, you know, are often troublesome and devastating creatures in the lands infested by them. They will have their earthquake revels and their irruption jubilees, though at the expense of cities, green fields, luxuriant vineyards and multitudes of human lives. So it has been proposed to quench one of these fiery and obnoxious spirits of the subterranean by opening the gates and letting in the sea upon his fires. I know not whether this will be found practic able or not ; but I think the American people now have the opportunity to extinguish the ever- restless volcano of slavery. I do not mean by this, immediate and unqualified abolition ; but that, as a servile institution, opposed in nature and vital spirit to our national liberties and our highest prosperity, it shall lose its aggressive and dictatorial temper, and, restrained within its present limits, live upon itself, if it can, or die, if it cannot. To this end let the gates be opened, and the sea of freedom begin to flow with extinguishing streams into the crater of oppression. Both of Mr. Helmer's sermons were published in one pam phlet. April 21st, Reverend P. B. Pease, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, preached at Kenosha, from James iv : 1, and said : Extraordinary times demand special subjects. No ordinary theme would satisfy us in these days of intense excitement and deepest anxiety. Nations are haughty and irritable in their intercourse with each other. They seek to gratify ambition, and subserve State purposes. These may have an indirect bearing upon the present REV. DR. MILLER'S SERMON. 183 outbreak, bnt the prime moving cause lying at the bottom of the difficulty can all be summed up in one word — dark, hateful, hellish slavery. Two things maybe considered in relation to it : 1. It was reluctantly admitted into the Government, under the hone that it would die out Sad mistake 1 The general public sentiment was against it This was true of the church, especially the Methodist Episcopal Church. 3. An attempt to harmonize this antagonistic principle with the genius of the Government. This has been insisted on by the Sooth until the nation is demoral ized, and the Government well-nigh undermined. * * * * We have permitted the tree to grow until its roots have struck deep in the soil, and its branches to spread so far that nothing can thrive in its poisonous shade. We took the young dragon to the national bosom and nursed him, till he grew to a monster, and now threatens to swallow us. We must grapple with him, and although the strife be fierce and deadly, it most be met All is at stake. We are to regard it as a war of troth against error — light against darkness ; the mighty straggle — the last death-throe of human oppression upon our fair soQ. The eyes of the world are upon us. The issues of this war may fix the destinies of other nations for ages. Must we foil, and oar Government prove & short-lived, futile experiment? Never! No, never! April 21st, Reverend W. G. Miller, D. D., preached at the Spring-street Methodist Church of Milwaukee, and from that sermon the following passage is taken. The author states that the prediction of the terrible struggle to follow was received with incredulity at the time. But, ladies and gentlemen, the war is inevitable. Its coining may be hastened or retarded by the shaping of events daring the next thirty days, but that war is upon us, and a civil war, of a most frightful character and most alarming prepara tions, is to my mind no longer a question. You can no more prevent it than yon can stay the leaping floods of Niagara, or quench the king of day in the palm of your hand. It is the legitimate offspring of an "irrepressible conflict" of ideas as antagonistic as light and darkness, as diametrically opposed to each other as right and wrong, truth and error. The Bible declaration, that God hath made of one blood all the nations of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, so beautifully set forth in our Declaration of Independence, and teaching the great lesson of universal equality and universal freedom, forms the corner-stone of our institutions. Bnt a plague spot is found in die opposing doctrine of caste and privileged classes, which finds illustration in American slavery. This war of principles has already culmin ated in a collision at Fort Sumter, and it would be contrary to all history to arrest the tide of war at this stage. The antagonism is too direct and the conflict too heated to quench the flame till rivers of blood shall pass over it The act of the South in firing on Sumter is none other than a rebellion, and that of the most inex cusable and wicked character, against the best government on earth; and I am free to confess that I am filled with horror when I contemplate the result of tins suicidal act on their part, an act that must lead to years of war as far as human ken can see, and the most fearful desolations in its train. But, gentlemen, there is no alter native. The glove is thrown to us, and we most accept it If our principles are right, and we believe they are, we would be unworthy of our noble paternity if 184 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. we were to shrink from the issue. Let there, then,, be no shrinking from the con test. The battle is for human liberty, and it were better that every man should go down, and every dollar be sacrificed, than that we should transmit to the com ing millions of this land other than a legacy of freedom. Were it not that good men have gone down into the dust and smoke of battle again and again, there would not be to-day a government on the face of the globe under which a good man could well live. And since God in his providence has brought us to this hour, I trust by his help we shall not prove unworthy of the trust — the noblest ever given to man — committed to our keeping. There can be no question as to the result. We shall triumph, and with it we shall win a glorious national destiny. Reverend C. W. Camp, April 21st, preached in the Congre gational Church of Sheboygan; from Psalms cxxii : 6, a sermon which was soon published, from the conclusion of which the following passage is selected : We must pray for our country; have we anything else to do? Sincere prayer is a pledge of our willingness to do whatever lies in our power to accomplish the object for which we pray. If we rightly pray for daily bread we shall be willing to work for it ; if we say "Thy will be done," we must endeavor to do it. What have we to do for the welfare of our country at the present hour to show that our prayers are earnest ? The proclamation of the President of the United States calling for men to sustain the Government with their strong arms, and to meet the perils of war in its behalf, must be honored with a full and prompt response. The necessity is upon us and must be met, and the whole people must heartily consent to the hardships and troubles of the occasion, and endure hardness as good soldiers. We shall find we have something else to do this summer than to make money, to build railroads, or to project new towns and cities. The providence of God is summoning us to another work. We have looked back to the revolution as our heroic age, and have hardly felt that the spirit of the fathers could be needed again, but we seem to be in a graver crisis now — we need to be as courageous, as self- devoting, as enduring as they. All that they left us is in peril, and God and the interests of our children demand that we meet the peril bravely. We must not suffer the Government to be demoralized and go to wreck, and if we sustain it, and have a truly free country, though we are impoverished, though we lose many lives, wf> shall do well. Some of us must be willing to go and meet the enemies of our country in battle, and others of us must give up friends at this call of duty and consent to have them go. It is a serious thing for a man to decide that he must go into battle, and nothing has touched my heart more nearly for a long time than the fact that some of you are feeling this constraint, and that these families are alarmed and distressed at the pros pect. Vet I have nothing to say to hinder the decision. Some must go. Let them understand that they lay life upon the altar of the country, and that there is great reason to expect that the offering of their blood for her ransom will be accepted. Let tbem go under a sacred sense of duty to God. Let them go prepared for death. COLLIE, WHITCOMB, CLARK. 185 April 21st, Reverend J. Collie, of the Congregational Church of Delavan, said : Having thus shown that God has fitted us, as a nation, to do a work for the elevation of man which we have not yet completed, I maintain that we owe it to God, as well as to ourselves, to defend our national existence till that work is done ; to pursue that work through all difficulties, and at all costs. True, it may be that we have already proved ourselves unfitted to accomplish the high service to which we have been called, and that the God of nations is about to close up our unworthy career within the narrow bounds of some eighty six years. But I cannot accept this explanation of the fearful calamity which begins to descend upon us. The fact that the war now forced upon us leads right in the direction of our true destiny, right in the line of the work which God has given us to do, affords ground of hope that it is to be only an instrument to enable us to fulfill our heaven- appointed service, and not a means of destruction. If, then, as a nation, and as an instrument chosen and fashioned of God, we have a right to exist, a right to show our face above ground, then is our cause in the coming struggle a just one. If we look at this matter a little more particularly its justice will still appear. This outbreaking war is virtually another attempt, on the part of the system of slavery, to break over all boundaries and rise above all law, and to spread itself, with all its attendant crimes and woes, over the length and breadth of our land ; and if in this mad attempt the South shall insist on an appeal to the issues of war, then God grant us a brave heart, good cannon, and a speedy victory. How can a great and free people, under such circumstances, better employ their resources and fill up their history, than by cleaving a way with the sword through the obstacles which treason has thrown in their path ? Reverend W. W. Whitcomb, now pastor of the Baptist Church of Oshkosh, in a sermon, said : War, in itself considered, is rightly accounted a scourge to any people ; and yet, in the hands of God, it becomes a mighty reformer. It brings to the surface of the body-politic those foul vapors and corruptions that often accumulate in and around the national heart. God now sends us this terrible remedy. We need it. But many are heard to say, "this is Lincoln's war — unjustifiable, cruel, murderous, — it must be stopped at all hazards." No, my friends, it is God's war to purge away slavery. " The Lord reigneth — let the earth rejoice." April 21st, Reverend A- Clark, of the Congregational Church of Hartford, said in his introduction : Although Christ's mission to the earth was a mission of peace, yet the principles of love and peace he put into the world, as the leaven leavening the mass, stir wicked men up to war. * * * In the present exigency, something more than the grasping and holding of a little temporal power is at stake. Great principles are involved in the conflict. A defence of just principles, of liberty, of righteous law is demanded. This should be well considered. This should govern the actions of men, and not the frenzy of the moment, or passion, or a selfish ambition. There is a divine providence. There is a God who sits upon the throne of the universe. 186 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. He has a government among men on earth. To him we need to look at the present time. We need his aid. * * * Acting in accordance with his will, we need not be over anxious nor troubled. He has told us that righteousness shall finally triumph in the earth. Though wickedness may for awhile gain the ascendency — though oppressors may for awhile triumph, it is only as the wave pressing seaward, while just principles, like the tide, are setting in, resistless in their march. In a sermon preached September 22d, he said : If ever there was a call upon men to go to war for the defence of their own national existence, institutions, liberties, and rights — for the continuance of their government, and the exercise of its authority over the people of the land — then the call which comes from our acknowledged civil head is such an one ; to support a government, in most respects the most benign that ever existed on earth, under which we have grown to be a prosperous and a happy people, an asylum for the poor and the oppressed of all nations, save one enslaved race. April 21st, Reverend W. H. Burnard preached in the Con gregational churches of Shopiere and Clinton as follows : Why must we fight ? Why engage in deadly strife with those whom we have been wont to regard as countrymen and fellow citizens ? Slavery is at the bottom of this matter, and the successful oppression of the black man requires the subju gation of the white man. It was said in Congress, " we will subdue you ;" and the threat is about to be put into execution. We must fight them because our con sciences, which are themselves exponents of the moral law of the universe — vice gerents of God in the soul — will not yield at the behest of oppressors. Distinctly have we been told by distinguished leaders of the secession movement, that the thing they complain of is the moral sentiment of the Northern people against slavery. So we are not obliged to fight because we violate the compromises said to be in the Constitution ; not because some of the States have passed personal liberty laws ; not because we did not return the fugitive to his master — alas I we did it too willingly ; not because we will not compromise ; but because we do not see beauty and divinity in Southern slavery, but are forced to regard it as the " sum of all villainies." * * * * We must light as men of glorious memory have done before us, for the rights of conscience, for unfettered thought, and free speech. We must marshal our hosts to convince the South that of the two alternatives offered us — that of stifling our mature conscientious convictions, or the overthrow of our Government — we will accept neither ; but that write, and speak, and preach, and sing, and pray against slavery we will, all under the sanction of the Constitution, in the name of God, and protected by the stars and stripes. Reverend John McNamara, then Rector of the Episcopal Church in Kenosha, preached, April 21st, from Jeremiah iv : 19 : The Rubicon is crossed 1 The suspense is over. Peace is no longer possible. They who are not satisfied with the fundamental law of the land as it is, nor with the officers chosen under and in accordance with that law, have had recourse to the REVERENDS WALTERS AND COCKRAN. 187 ultima ratio of kings— direful war — and tins might better be called the ultima demen- fw— the last stage of madness, or the extreme of folly. We have boasted that rea son, knowledge, and universal suffrage would preserve us from a resort to arms ; that an army and a navy were but the instrument of tyrants and despots. We have now learned that they are necessary to uphold a constitution made by the wisest of freemen — freemen and patriots, unawed by the fear of kings and courts. * * * The unmistakable conduct, then, of our countrymen at the South has been to compel the present constitutional Government to vacate its place and betray ite trust, or enter on a bloody war ! Let us suppose that it shall be an united South and an united North ; the one to defend slavery, and the other to perpetuate the Union and the Constitution. This is surely the issue at present I would that they should come together, and agree to live under the Constitution. And let the South, as the weaker, ask simply for the toleration which the Constitution extends to her slaveholding ; permitting die free element to rule, but to rule in love. The forcible abolition of slavery is an issue which the selfishness of either great party will not permit it to attempt Bnt if the South desires to destroy freedom, freedom will assuredly get the better in the struggle ; and it may be that it cannot be restrained from exterminating its antagonist. If the gladiators are to fight for the ascendency — slavery itself challenging to mortal combat — our sympathies are just where they ought to be, however much my soul is alarmed at the sound of the trumpet and the clangor of war ! Reverend A H. Walters, Methodist, Chaplain of the Wis consin Legislature, on the Sabbath following the fall of Sumter, said : The call for seventy-five thousand should have been for half a million. The South are in earnest and well prepared, and before the war waked by the firing on Sum ter closes, more than half a million will be required. Raise an overwhelming force, for peaceable secession is impossible, and this country cannot be two. We most have the mouth of the Mississippi river, and will cut our way to it We have preached, prayed, and labored for peace— were willing for anything bnt dishonor. Now we say war — war on a large scale. Reverend W. Coekran, Congregational minister, now of Baraboo. in 1860, uttered in a sermon the following sentences, which had the prophecy of true philosophy : The eternal principles of truth are as unchanging as their Great Author ; and their straight, parallel lines, in their endless stretch, never yield to error. Rest less and tortuous error fe sure, sooner or later, to strike them at some point In the collision error, and not truth, must suffer. Never were there two greater antagonisms than freedom and American slavery ; the former being innate, and of heavenly origin — the latter, earthly, selish, sensual, devilish. These two antago nisms are as sure to meet as two continued, converging, straight lines. The par ticular nature and attending circumstances of this conflict none can, with certainty, predict ; but come it must And when it comes, it will be as terrible as slavery is 188 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. abominable and freedom is valuable in the sight of God. And who shall abide the day of its coming ? Reverend N. A. Staples, pastor of the Unitarian church, of Milwaukee, preached, extemporaneously, on the rebellion and the war, April 21st, the first Sabbath after the fall of Sumter; and on the 28th preached again, and from his sermon at that time the following extracts are taken : Oh, where is the people whom God has so highly favored since the world began I He intended that we should realize the angel promise of peace on earth and good will to men. All the elements of the great result are clearly within our reach. Why, then, this war, do you ask ? Why such daily cast of brazen cannon ? Why such impress of ship-wrights, whose sore task does not divide the Sunday from the week? As well ask why there are showers, or droughts, or floods I It comes upon us like one of nature's great changes. You cannot suppress a natural process in one direction, without producing violence in some other direction. As geologists tell us, that when a volcanic mountain which has long belched forth fire and smoke from the centre of the earth, suddenly ceases and becomes peaceful, then the inhabitants of southern climes expect soon to hear of a fearful earthquake, which is sure to follow swift on the closing of a crater — so is it in the life of nations : sup press the natural flow of justice, quench the bright flame of a nation's religion, suppress the natural outgoing of her charities and sympathies, while the hot fires of her passions grow fiercer at heart, and you may then expect that God will rift the thin crust which habit has built over such horrid wrongs, and allow the molten floods of the primeval passions to deluge the land with a richer and more fruitful substance. Now the dead political air can be breathed no longer by freemen. It is poisoned with insult, it is thick with shame, and the storm is gathering. In one week its black curtain rolled over the Northern sky. What deadly bolts are wrapped in its frowning folds ! — what threatening thunder mutters along its base 1 — what terrific unity I It bears everything down before it I We had lived so unworthily that we had over-estimated our forefathers. We thought them moved by a grand impulse which we were incapable of. But now the grand reality is upon us, our cant is ended, our jealousies forgotteu ; the lust for gold is over-ridden by a love of honor ; the smith drops his hammer at the forge, the farmer leaves his plow, the merchant his goods, the lawyer his desk, the minister his flock, that they may conquer a peace which shall be good- will to men. Reverend A. L. Chapin, D.D., of Beloit College, on the second Sabbath after the fall of Fort Sumter, April 28th, delivered a sermon in Beloit, from which the following selec tion is made : Our fathers, under the guidance of the Holy Ghost, drew from God's Holy Word certain fundamental truths respecting civil liberty, the rights of man and the law of Christian love. They incorporated these principles into the Constitution CHAPIN, G0ODSPEED, MCPARLANE. 189 of a free Christian republic. These principles are the very essence of that Constitution. But in course of time the nation became recreant to these principles. The word of God, even, was perverted in defence of oppression, and now suddenly has burst upon us the visitation of judgment, through the open, violent rebellion of men who long misguided the administration of our Government. While we bow in all humility under the chastening rod, we ask what God would have us do I We receive no doubtful answer. From all our past history — from the dangers of the present hour — from the hidden depths of the future — from the down-trodden millions of an oppressed world — from conscience within — from the Word and Spirit of God — from Him who is King in Zion — from all, come voices as with one utterance, saying, " Turn unto God, your fathers' God. Seek him with all your heart. Rise, and in his name stand for the principles committed to you. Defend, maintain the Constitution in which they are embodied — the government which finds in them its life. In the fear of the Lord find your strong confidence, and by his favor shall you surely triumph. Cursed be he who cometh not np now to the help of the Lord, to the help of the Lord against the mighty. Reverend E. J. Goodspeed, then Pastor of the Baptist Church of Janesville, on the 28th, from Ecclesiastes iii : 8, said: The war is necessary to preserve the integrity of the Government, and thereby save us from anarchy, overawe rebellious spirits in all future time, command the respect of foreign nations, establish the ability of men for self-government in a republic, perpetuate the blessings of civil and religious liberty to the generations that shall follow. The Government is powerless to carry on this contest without the co-operation of its loyal subjects. It becomes the duty of every good citizen to cast aside partisan feeling and local prejudice, to listen attentively to the proclama tions of the Executive, and prepare himself, as they did in the days of the revo lution, to devote means and life upon the altar of the country. If I understand the duties of a Christian, no law forbids him to fight the battles of his country when they are waged for principle. Some of the brightest examples of fidelity to Christ have been produced in the camp. Gardiner, Havelock, Vicars, are immortalized in the hearts of Christians by their holy steadfastness amidst the excitements and temptations of war. Should any of my brethren feel constrained to obey the call of the President, let me exhort you not to forget your God and Saviour. Let religion attend you, rather, invest you, shine in all your conduct, and exalt you into the position of preachers of salvation to your fellow-soldiers. Praying men make good fighting men when their cause is just. Sir Colin Campbell said that when any difficult enterprise was to be performed, he ordered out "Havelock's Saints," as bis men were termed. They were never drunk nor demoralized, but ready for duty. History has immortalized the piety of Cromwell's Puritan soldiers who went into camp with their Bibles, and into battle with prayer and psalm singing. Reverend Walter McFarlane, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, now of Horicon, uttered, in 1858, these prophetic words 190 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in a discourse on " The Origin of the Human family :" " The negro is a man, and his manhood will yet be demonstrated in this country. It is for us, as a nation, to say in what way this demonstration shall be made — in peace, or by force of arms." April 28th, 1861, in a sermon from Zechariah iv : 6, he said : Our national temple of liberty is threatened with ruin. Why? Because as a nation we have sinned, and as nations have no existence beyond time, national sins bring national punishments ; ours is upon us. Slavery is the sin for which God now calls us to account. Let us put away the evil thing. As the South has appealed to arms for the purpose of defending this institution, we have no course left us but to conquer a peace, and by the help of God drive this plague-spot from the land. Soon after the opening of the war, when so many were calling for peace, he preached from Isaiah xxxii : 17 — "The work of righteousness shall be peace." Slavery is the cause of this war, let the North or South say what they will. The abohtionists are no more the cause of this war than the man who calls " Stop thief!" is the cause of, or responsible for, a riot which may be raised in order to release said criminal. Slavery is a sin, so if we desire peace and the favor of God, we must put away all sin. We hear many say, " Has God no other way by which to purge this nation but by so much bloodshed ?" Ves, he has many ways, but this is the way chosen by the South. So in this case we must answer a fool according to his folly. The South has assumed the emblem and character of the serpent, and tell me, if you can, who is to blame should it meet a serpent's fate. " Should we not pray for peace ?" Ves, and labor for it, conquer it, and thereby prove to the world that we are a nation of sharp eyes, clear heads, strong arms, and true, brave hearts. No rest, then, till this is done, and traitors are taught that treason is death. Extract from a sermon preached by Reverend E. J. Monta gue, pastor of the Congregational Church in Oconomowoc, April 28th, 1861, from the text, Matthew x : 34 : This strange state of things follows immediately after the most earnest, united, and believing prayer for the nation that probably was ever offered. Christian people at the Xorth have prayed, for these years pasl, for the country, for our rulers, and for deliverance from national sins, in a manner and spirit altogether unusual. In thousands of sanctuaries on Sabbath days, in daily and weekly prayer-meetings, in tens of thousands of families and closets, have earnest and con tinual prayers been offered to the God of our fathers that he would interpose for our deliverance in a time when human wisdom has failed. * * * * We have expected " answers of peace," but He is answering us as he has often answered the prayers of his people, " by terrible things in righteousness. " We ought to understand that there are worse evils for a nation to suffer than war 'in MONTAGUE, MANWELL, CURTISS. 191 defence of righteous principle and just government. Anarchy and treason stalking abroad unchecked are worse : social and political corruption, sapping the very foundations of government, is worse : high-handed wrong, sanctioned by law, and wrought into the very fabric of society, is worse. We ought not to be surprised therefore, that God is answering the prayers of his people in the present manner. The one sole cause of the present terrible collision is slavery, and especially the demand, not only that it shall exist in the States choosing to have it, but that the Government of the United States shall be administered in its interests. And because this demand has been resisted by the people in a lawful manner — not by violence, but peaceably, at the polls — anarchy and, treason have madly determined to dismember the republic. It has been the growing sentiment of the people that the system of slavery is one great moral wrong, inconsistent with the spirit of our free institutions, and contrary to the spirit of the gospel of Jesus Christ. And this sentiment has spoken out at length in authoritative tones through the ballot-box, saying, "This government shall be administered henceforth in the interests of free dom, and not of slavery: slavery must be an. institution of the State, and not ;of the nation: it must stay at home: it shall not be allowed to spread itself over the broad domain of our republic, wherever it may choose to go. ' ' And who will say that this voice of the people is not the voice of God, as it certainly is the voice of humanity, of justice, and of patriotism ? Reverend A. C. Manwell, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Racine, April 28th : Let it not be said that thoughts like these are prostitutions of the pulpit,- or deviations from our sacred official character. It is as much the duty of the Christian minister to love his country, to pray for her rulers, and to teach the people their duty to government, as to perform any other part of his work. We pity the min ister who is so cowardly as not to speak for his country and Constitution, under which he enjoys religious freedom. We come forward, not for party. We come forward because we believe it to be the duty of every good citizen, in the present critical and alarming circumstances of the country, because it were treason not to speak. We speak because it is the cause of patriotism. It is the cause of civil and religious liberty. It is the cause of that Christian liberty transmitted to us by our ancestors, and purchased with their blood. We must speak. Treason is in open rebellion against the best government the sun ever shone upon. The glorious flag of my country is torn down by ruthless hands and trails in the dust I Reverend D. C. Curtiss, in the Congregational Church, at Fort Atkinson, April 28th, from Joshua v : 13 — 15 : If the rebellion which has sprung up against the Government of these United States is wrong, then we must believe it to be the will of the Lord that it should be suppressed, and that the sword, which he has put into the hand of the magistrate for such a purpose, should be used, and used as a solemn trust which cannot be put off. In the discharge of this duty the whole country must suffer. So does a whole family suffer when a rebellious son is brought to punishment ; so does the whole man suffer when the surgeon's knife is put into the diseased limb. But all such suffering is for the good that is to come out of it. Good will come out of this 192 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. war if the hand of God is seen and properly acknowledged. It will be like the purifier's fire and the fuller's soap to the nation, purging out existing evils, humbling it before God, and bringing about a better state of things. But if God is not suitably acknowledged we may expect our troubles to multiply, till the Govern ment falls to pieces and the Union into fragments. Let us, then, in the opening of this strife, humble ourselves before God, con fessing our individual sins and our sins as a people, and do what we have to do in the matter as a solemn religious duly. Let us see, in that Providence which has brought things to this pass and us to the eve of war, what Joshua saw in the form of a man — a divine messenger, with a drawn sword in his hand — and put, as it were, the shoes from off our feet, knowing that the ground we stand on is holy. Reverend E. G. Miner, of Whitewater, May 5th, from Psalm ii : 3 : But, fellow citizens and brethren in this sacred cause, it is a dangerous thing to trample upon liberty. It cannot die, and will avenge. This work of our enemies will recoil upon their own heads, and at no distant day. Our loyal people are ready for the defence. Never before has a nation witnessed such spontaneous uprising. The fate of our Massachusetts men at Baltimore, on the 19th of April, 1861, tells of ultimate victory as certainly as the battle of Lexington did on the 19th of April, 1175. The events of the last month have rekindled that old spirit of freedom. The signs of the hour are not equivocal. We already see we are a united people, and our Union is our strength. And more than this, our cause is righteous, and the God of righteousness loves it and sanctions it. And " if God be for us, who can be against us ?" * * * * The movement of the world is toward that for which we fight ; and this terri tory, on which the seeds of liberty have been so thickly sown, is not now going back to years of despotism and darkness. God means not this. God means that the harvest-song of freedom shall be sung in this 'and, and by the voices of all the people. Reverend J. Silsby, at Prairie du Sac, May 5th, from Pro verbs xiv : 34 : Let us be wise to discern the signs of the times. Let us not walk in sparks of our own kindling, but let us follow where God leads. The present attitude of the public mind is truly a miraculous result. Old questions that had floated upon the surface of things, as of apparent moment, are entirely swallowed up by the great issue that God in his providence has sprung upon us. The deep current of honest patriotism that, thank God, yet wells from the heart of the great mass of the people of all parties, is now reached by a great question that overbears all party issues, leaving only here and there a solitary individual who may be yet unable to escape old entanglements. The hearts of the children of men are in God's hands. Let us reverently follow where he leads. He has promised to make crooked ways straight before us, and to cause the light to shine more and more unto the perfect day. The multitudes of the faithful all over the North are pledges of God's favor, and if the present exigency be bravely met, our future duties will be made plain in due time. SHERWTN, BENSON, CADWELL. 193 Reverend John C. Sherwin, of West Salem, preached at the request, and in the presence, of the La Crosse Light Guards, on the Sabbath preceding their departure, early in May. In bis introduction he said : • It is with a sad spirit, my friends, that I am here this morning to address you. I am sad because there is an occasion for your military services in defending tire honor and the taws of your country. I am sad because the separation from your intimate friends, caused by this ready response to a call of duty, may be, as is often the case in the strife of battle, a final separation. I am sad, too, and most of all, because the service to which you are called is a death-struggle of brothers with brothers. Tou are to defend the laws of your country against the force of those who have, for eighty years, been ready with you to maintain them inviolate against any foreign usurpation. Eveiy thoughtful patriot must feel sad as he thinks of the present distracted state of Ins country. But there is hope. There is great signifi cance in the rapid merging of party distinctions into a strong Union sentiment — a determination to maintain the Constitution, and the oneness of the whole country. Reverend H. H. Benson preached, by request, to the " Miners' Guards,"~at Mineral Point, May 5th, from Romans xiii: 12: The principle involved on the part of the Government in this contest is one of self-defence. Our Government is the attacked and injured party. . It has borne with the greatest patience wrongs and injuries, hoping for a return to reason and duty on the part of the offenders. This forbearance has only been made an occasion of still more exorbitant demands, till war has actually been commenced against it But our cause is a righteous one, and we may expect the blessing of Heaven on our efforts. We may justly look for the sympathy and prayers of good men throughout Ore world for our success. I know that many are filled with fear as they look upon tiie future of our country, and see our political heavens gathering blackness. Trials still greater may be before us ; yet I believe the nation win successfully meet and overcome them all. I trust, still, that brighter and better days are before our nation, and the whole of it as a united nation. What is a principle or government good for that cannot endure trial? Tou are preparing to discharge a solemn duty. Ton are to aid in protecting tile Government of the nation, and, it may be, your friends, your families, and your firesides. Tou may therefore ask and hope for the blessing of God on your efforts. Be assured that many who remain behind will not forget to pray for you. Reverend C. C. Cadwell, of Bloomfield, May 5th, from Judges xx : 27, 28 : And since the trump has been sounded in Son, and tile men of Israel are gathered to the high places of the nation, does not God say to us, go up? Tea ! and this is more distinct, if possible, than was that given to our fathers of tho Revolution. Our response to that call should be, not the instinct of animal nature 13 194 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. stirred by the trump of battles, not the enthusiasm of passion aroused by appeals to honor and bravery, not alone the lofty sentiment of patriotism kindled by tlie peril of our native land, not the spirit of revenge against base and cowardly outrages ; but a deep-seated purpose to honor God, and to bless humanity by defending those great principles which regulate society and bless the nations of the earth. And this we may do rightly against organized injustice and wrong, vaunting itself in treason and cruel war. These are sentiments which lie above the region of selfish ness — in the atmosphere of philanthrophy and benevolence. Reverend J. C. Robbins, at the Spring-street Methodist Church, Milwaukee, May 12th, from Daniel v : 25 — 28 : 1. God hath numbered the Southern Confederacy and finished it. 2. It is weighed in the balance and found wanting. 3. It is to be divided and given back to the Union. ' On July 20th, 1862, from Jonah i : 15 : 1. The passengers and crew on Jonah's vessel became frightened. 2. They threw overboard the freight. 3. They held a prayer meeting. 4. Searched for the cause of the storm. 5. Tried to row to the shore with Jonah on board. 6. Held another prayer meeting. 7. Threw Jonah overboard and saved the ship. Application : — 1. Our Government became frightened. 2. Tried to lighten the ship of state by a compromise, through a committee of thirty-three. 3. Held Presi dent Lincoln's prayer meeting. 4. Searched for the cause of the storm. 5. Tried to row ashore with slavery on board. 6. Held another prayer meeting. '7. Will be obliged to put slavery overboard to save the ship of state. Lesson : — Fear God rather than man. Reverend S. A. Dwinnell, Congregationalist, of Reedsburg, in May, 1861, from Judges xx : 23 : In a war like the present, begun by the rebels to strengthen and perpetuate slavery, it is clearly the duty of the President of the United States to exercise his war power, and proclaim liberty throughout all the land. There is no national safety while slavery exists. Retributive justice will follow us. Our immediate duty is to break every yoke, and let the oppressed go free. The cries of the slave have entered the ears of the Lord of Sabaoth — their prayer " How long, 0 Lord, holy and true, dost thou not judge and avenge our blood I" has been heard in heaven, and God has come down to deal with us. Our only safety is in obeying him. Reverend L. Clapp, Congregationalist, of Wauwatosa, in June, 1861, from Micah vi : 2 : The Lord hath a controversy with his people. Lo I when he riseth up the mountains tremble, and the hills smoke. It is a day portentous and gloomy ; the lurid battle clouds are flying north and south ; a great crisis is upon us ; the foundations are breaking up. Shall we not view passing events in the light of God's Word the key to the book of his Providence ? It interprets the events of to-day, which are REVERENDS CLAPP AND TILTON. 195 soon to pass into history. Now we know that the Bible, from one end to the other, is like a constant blaze of lightning against oppression. In the time of national convulsion and civil war, I, in this sacred place, do solemnly declare that slavery is responsible for this war ; that there is no way for the present Government of the nation to avoid the contest except by sacrificing the rights and liberties of the whole people to anarchists and despots, and provoking the hot vengeance of the Almighty against us. But the country is not ready yet to say the word, that slavery must die. The Government hesitates, considering that the majority of the people are not pre pared to fight against the real cause of all our troubles. Thus God has a controversy with us, because, though slavery is seeking our lives, we are tender of its life, and mean carefully to spare the old serpent, and only prevent its destroying the Union just yet. I do not doubt that God is greatly pleased to see the grand uprising of the country to sustain its Government. If we expect God to help us, let us not refuse lo avail ourselves of this glorious providential opportunity to rid ourselves and our children, and our insane brethren at the South and their children, of the blighting curse of slavery. Reverend H. C. Tilton, then Presiding Elder of the Janes- ville District of the Wisconsin Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, addressed a meeting of citizens at the Court House of that city, on the Monday evening following the bom bardment of Fort Sumter, and made this remark : Whatever our party relations or our views of slavery, there being no justification for this assault on the Government, it becomes tlie duty of every citizen to sustain the Government, even at the cost of his fortune and his life. To doubt of the right of Government to protect its own life is treason. And I now predict that this lebellion will be utterly crushed, and that the Government will come through the storm strengthened, and will then be better prepared to maintain its proud position among the nations of the earth. On Sabbath evening, June 2d, by invitation of several leading citizens of Janesville, he preached in the Methodist Church, from Romans xiii : 1 — 7, on the " Philosophy of the Rebellion," and said : I have now shown you that to commit or to intend to commit crime, or to apologize for those who do so, debauches the character, and this holds true of States. The South, having so long committed a crime against God and humanity, and our national authorities having so long either winked at or aided in that crime, political depravity is the result, and the rebellion comes as its legitimate out growth. I have also shown you that concessions to injustice never satisfy, but increase its demands. I have shown in how many instances we have compromised with the South, each time sacrificing the rights of man and the honor of the nation. 196 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The South, emboldened by such uniform liberality, finally took the angel of liberty by the throat and demanded her virtue or her life. I have further shown you that the commission of crime against innocence in duces hatred of the party wronged. This explains the deep malignity of the South against the negro, the "Tankees," and the Government. And as the contest in tensifies, that malignity will deepen into a barbarism of the most diabolical char acter. On June 16th, Reverend William E. Merriman preached to a very large audience in the Presbyterian Church, in Green Bay, from Psalms lxxxiii : 5 : 1. Secession is rebellion. It is founded on no legal right : the Union is not a partnership of States bound together by a compact, but a nation. It is constituted a nation by the Constitution, and that which constitutes it does not, and cannot, provide for its dissolution. 2. This rebellion cannot be justified by the right of revolution. 3. The successful secession of the slave States would endanger nation ality, liberty, and every human interest in the remainder of the nation. But secession is supported by arms, and can be resisted only by arms. War is a dread resort ; our country must not take the sword without a righteous cause. But the defence of our nationality is a sufficient justification ; not because mere nationality is the chief interest in the contest — for human organizations, in church and state, are valuable only as they accord with the plans of God, and promote liberty, .righteousness, religion, and all the great interests of humanity — but because our nation is committed to these interests, has them all to sustain in this very contest, and will subserve them better when it is ended. The welfare of man kind is identified with our nation in this conflict. It is not a quarrel of States over some minor interest, or an effort to divide the nation and establish a new one. It is a conflict of principles. What is the real cause of the war? It is said that it sprang from false and pernicious notions of State rights, or from the ambition and disappointment of Southern political leaders, or from the success of a party to which the South was opposed. But these are only pertinents of the case, or the inci dental causes ; when we go to the root of the matter, it is manifest that the real cause, the cause of causes, is slavery. On June 23rd, Reverend E. D. Underwood, pastor of the Baptist Church of Wauwatosa : Ten years ago this very month I preached to you from this desk, from the text, "On the side of the oppressor there was power." (Ecclesiastes iv: 1.) It was then shown that also on the side of the oppressed there was power — a power hold ing to a rigid accountability every oppressing community — a power in the voice of history calling the nation to Nineveh's remedy, "Repent I" and if we would escape the judgment denounced, to break every yoke. But if this remedy should be cast aside , a strict and impartial rendering will be re quired. God has seen the blood and life of the slave, as they have been drawn from him by the power of the oppressor. But why recall these things at the present hour ? It is to correct what appears to me to be a misapprehension of the demands of the hour. With others, I then thought that the death of this great national sin would UNDERWOOD, FOOTS, PILLSBURT. 197 come down over all the land like the light of the morning, first changing into glory the hill-top, and then filling every valley.' We thought of and prayed only for repentance, and that God, who loves to be merciful, would come down in a jubilee of freedom throughout all the land. But the hour of repentance given was not improved. The time of reckoning is come, and war is upon us. And now two things must be taken into account. 1st. Let it be settled that this war and slavery will end at the same time, and the difference is this — if we prosecute the war with this in view, I am full of hope that I shall live to see a free press, a free gospel, and free schools in every State of the Union ; but if on the principle that slavery shall be saved, slavery will perish, for God has not drawn the sword in vain, but the Union will perish with it. 2d. The character and continuance of this war are not to be measured wholly by numbers or resources on the one or the other side, but by the sum of God's reckoning with us. Measure the untold millions due and withheld from the slave — a witness against us. Measure the griefs of but one family under the sting of the lash, or the forced separation of husband and wife, mothers and children, endowed with all the noble and tender sensibilities of your own natures, then multiply this by thousands, until the catalogue numbers four millions of our common brotherhood — and this witnesses against us. For these things an atonement must be made. * * * * Clouds and darkness drape the future. To go back is ruin — on either side there is no escape — to stand still, we cannot: The crimson sea must be crossed. On the other ¦ side is sunshine and triumph, for in this sea shall be swallowed up for ever slavery and rebellion ! July 21st, Reverend H. Foote, of Waukesha, from Isaiah xxi: 11: Among all the wars of ancient or modern times, I read of none like this. It was so unprovoked, commenced by those to whom were committed our highest trusts ; commenced by plundering our treasury,- our arsenals, and all our govern mental property upon which they could lay their hands. Its preliminaries had been carried on for months under the guise of friendship, its traitorous meshes being wound around officers in the army and navy, in the cabinet, and on the judicial bench. It had < poisoned also the fountain-heads of thought, and feeling, and patriotism, among the leading men at the South, and prepared the masses, trained under the blighting influences of slavery, for bandits and highwaymen, and blood-thirsty monsters. And then the blow has been aimed at the existence of the best nation on the globe, one which Providence had raised up to perform a mission second to none since the creation. The eyes of oppressed millions in the old world were turned to us as models ; hoary-headed tyranny grew pale at our prosperity, and the cause of human freedom throughout the world seemed wrapped up in the problem here being solved. The blow which those rebels are now striking is aimed not against Abraham Lincoln, or the party which placed him in power, nor yet simply at the Constitution and flag which have so long protected them; but it is a blow struck at the heart of liberty, an insane and demoniac effort made to place freedom under the heel of slavery, and to inaugurate a despotism such as never before cursed our world. July 28th, Reverend C. D. Pillsbury, Methodist, preached in Racine a sermon, afterward published : 198 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. No human power can hush this storm. It is a war of the very elements. Light is contending with darkness. Truth is battling with error. Freedom is resisting tyranny. Crushed rights are rising and grappling with the oppressor. Our plains may be whitened with bones, and our rivers may be tinged with blood 1 but this storm will sweep on, regarding neither the sighs of the living nor the groans of the dying. * * When the Government is induced, honestly and frankly, to confess the real cause of our present calamities, and boldly and firmly resolves to put away the evil, and public sentiment is brought to sustain the Government, the great battle will have been fought, and this position will be reached. There is a God in the heavens ! His hand was visible around Fort Sumter, and when that fort fell, His fingers produced harmony among discordant Northern nerves. His hand still guides the war-cloud that hangs over this land. If necessary, He will intensify Northern feeling, and warm up Northern blood, by a repetition of Manassas cal amities. This is the day of our nation's trial. Dark clouds hang over us, and storms are gathering over us thick and fast. Sealed orders are issued from Heaven. The highways upon which we march are new and strange to us ; we may not see the end; we cannot number the steps, count the cost, nor measure the blood required to reach it. But let us recognize our divine commander, listen to his voice in the darkest hour, and obey his orders in the fiercest of the conflict. The plans of Heaven will open as the column moves on. Rev. E. D. Seward, in July, at Lake Mills, from 2 Chronicles, xiii: 13: Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time ; and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on the Lord God of their fathers. Consider the revolt of the ten tribes uuder Jeroboam, and his master stroke of policy in setting aside a part of the Mosaic Law, erecting golden calves, ordaining priests, and appointing new feasts to keep his people from going up to Jerusalem to worship I This victory and the cause assigned, are full of significance to us at this crisis in our national affairs. Israel and Judah had a common history, a common religion, a common origin ; so have we, North and South. We stood together in our weak ness and became powerful ; social ties, commercial interests, and lines of travel making us every year more truly one and inseparable. Why then, upon the eighty- fifth anniversary of our independence, are nearly 500, 000 men under arms, not to repel a foreign foe, but to secure or avert the breaking up of the Government of these United States? The true lovers of their country and its free institutions did not provoke the contest. No Southern State had been robbed of a dollar or a right. But as Jeroboam, when he could not be king where Rehoboam reigned, cried, "To your tents, 0 Israel," and set up a new kingdom ; so the slave .power, defeated at the polls, resolved to rule by fair means or foul ; seceding peaceably if they could — forcibly, if they must I On September 8th, 1861, Reverend Henry Stone, minister of .the Unitarian Society, of Fond du Lac, from 1 Samuel xxx : 24 : "What shall they who guard the fireside and the family do, in order that they 199 may deserve an equal share with those who ward off, or repel, the danger, long ere it reach that heart at which it strikes ; for it is not merely at the life of the loyal soldier that the armed rebel strikes, in his blind and wicked madness ; bnt it is at the very centre and heart of the life of civilisation and truth itself. It is not against this or that administration, or this or that man engaged in defending his country, that this base conspiracy which now shakes the land is organised and upheld ; it is against tile existence of all those things which have made humanity nobler and mankind wiser, and nature itself kinder and more fruitful, that this gigantic evil — breathing out fire, and threatening despotism — now rears its snaky head. * * * * Reverend A S. Allen, pastor of the Congregational Chureb. at Black Earth, was one of the early preachers against slavery. He was taught the anti-slavery doctrine by his father, and taught it to his own children. On the occasion of the national last, September 26th, 1861, from Jonah 3:5: The cause for which we contend is a just one. It will assuredly triumph. Free dom will come to the oppressed, whether by the action of the President, Congress, or the army, or in spite of all these, and over the ruin of those who stand in the ¦way. I am not prepared to blame our President, or his Cabinet, for the action on the Proclamation of Fremont in Missouri ; yet I think it was a mistake, and we are now suffering for it, and we shall have to suffer more until there is a retraction of the error. I cannot see but that that proclamation was in perfect agreement with the spirit, if not with the very letter, of the act of Congress confiscating the property of rebels. Reverend Alfred C. Lathrop, in the Congregational Church at Westfield, on Thanksgiving Day, November 28th, from Colossians iii : 15 : The fearful storm is growing heavier, darker, and broader every day, threaten ing the overthrow and ruin of out beloved country. God evidently has a contro versy with us, and it may end only in the destruction of our nation, as of others in -lays of yore. Many may think we have little occasion for thanksgiving m the midst of the severe trials that have come upon us. Providenee seems to present a picture that has a forbidding phase, that shows a dark broadside to us. When we look at these things alone, we may be ready to say with Mayor Wood, of New York city, " There is Etille to be thankful for at this time." But let us remember while we behold and bewail these things, that they are by no means equal to our just deserts. There is another and brighter side to the picture held to our sorrowing eves by divine Providence. We have long looked on the dark side, let us contemplate the sunny side. We should be grateful that our trials are no greater, and that the scene may soon be changed. The blackest storm has a bright side to it, where the sun shines fair. We may not only see the silver lining and golden fringes of the storm-cloud, but as it passes see the other side, and on it behold the matchless, the many-bued how of promise, all the more brilliant and beautiful because of the 200 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. retiring storm. The darkest clouds often have looprholes-^openings through which may be seen the fair blue sky, the smiling sun, and pencil rays streaming down, lighting up here and there the shaded landscape> Reverend W. C Bancroft, at Stevens' Point, in the autumn of 1861: I believe this government was raised up for grand providential purposes, and that God will hold us responsible for the maintenance of this government in its freedom and its unity. Because slavery, ' ' the sum of all villainies, ' ' has been toler ated so long, and because that great principle embodied in our Constitution, "that all men were created equal," has, by the masses, been either unheeded or totally denied; God, after long forbearance, seeing no fruit of repentance, at last let fall his chastening rod, by permitting the outbreaking of this unholy rebellion. It behooves us now to put away this great evil, this accursed sin of slavery, from among us, humbly to confess our sins, and trustingly look to him for direction in this great crisis. If we of the North fulfill our obligations as citizens, give our hearty support to the Administration, rally with true patriotism around the standard of our country, earnestly look to God to direct in all our national councils, and faithfully trust him for success, we shall ere long rejoice to know that this accursed thing is removed from our land, witness the final triumph of our army and navy, and be able to bequeath to posterity a land— not in name only, but in fact — a land of "Liberty and Union." Reverend U. D. Graves, of Beloit, in December, from Isaiah xliv : 17 : It is the unnaturalness and wickedness of the rebellion that makes the war so terrible — our foes are those of our own household. A revolt in heaven could be no more unnatural. It is this that deepens the stain upon the soul of the leaders in this plot against the life of the nation. And surely there must be some where in the hidden mystery of God's avenging providence, bolts heated with unusual wrath, with which he will in. due time smite the wretches. " Let death seize upon them; let them go down quickly into hell, for wickedness is in their dwelling. ' ' Reverend William H. Sampson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1861, at Racine : The war is a conflict between the aristocracy and the republicanism of our country — between monarchical and free institutions. The States now free were settled by the enterprising, energetic Teutons, of the Puritan stamp. They pre ferred their own free labor to slave labor, yielded to the convictions of right, and made early arrangements to liberate the slaves entailed upon them at the organiza tion of- our Government. They demonstrated the nobility of labor, and the superi ority of truly republican institutions. On the other hand, the South was settled by the descendants of aristocratic fam ilies, and not having wealth sufficient to sustain them in idleness, they depended on their slaves to support them. The prosperity of the North, the triumph of freedom, was encroaching upon them ; had already EMERSON, GREEN, MTJLLEB. 201 destroyed their prestige of power, and their treason was the' result of a determi nation to maintain their ancestral aristocracy. Reverend Professor J. Emerson, of Beloit College, on Feb ruary 28th, 1862, delivered an address (afterward published) before the "Archaean Union" of that institution, on " Our Xation," and near the close said : How to be true to our principles at home is now, as it always has been, and always will be, the great and difficult problem. How to do justice to that race which is lifting to us that appeal, "Am I not a man and a brother?" in all the associations which God has placed us to work out this experiment of a free govern ment, is a question which has engaged the earnest study of the wisest, and the earnest prayer of the best, since we were a nation. There are very many men, and very many women, who see through it all, and are consumed with impatience because our Statesmen do not see through it too, and cut the Gordian knot with tiie sword. But we must be content to wait. The cause in which is the heart alike of God and of man is a safe cause ; and if God can wait as well as work, so may we. In the mean time, it is a great thing for us to know, and for the world to see, that this great nation is laboring through this great war. simply because there was in it an honest heart, which would not be false to the cause of man. We must labor through to the deliverance in the way that God leads us. Let us bear the burden with all consideration for the' slow judgments, the fears, the errors, even the faults of one another. Meanwhile let the world reproach us as well as praise us. It may not be best that they should exercise for us that forbearance which we ought to feel for one another. Let them show us our faults. Let them strike us wheresoever we are tender. It is fair that they should require that the nation which is to lead them all should be a perfect nation. Reverend A. B. Green, minister of the Baptist Church, preached at Eau Claire, just after General Pope's retreat in Virginia, in 1862, from Romans viii : 31, making his subjects " The Battle-cry of God's Elect :" That cry should be the nation's. It should even now come from every patriot heart. The proof of safety to the people of God is not always in present pros perity; not wholly in military achievements now. "Whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth." The prosperity of the wicked was too painful for David until he went into the sanctuary of God. Then he cried, "Surely thou didst set them in slippery places. " God's chosen wandered forty years in the wilderness. Our foes are wrong, and have been from the beginning; hence God is for us. Reverend D. H. Muller, Methodist, a native of Maryland, but an intense loyalist, on a national fast day in 1862, in the city of Oshkosh : Every nation has a mission to perform. As nations increase in wealth and power they assume airs, and through vanity and selfishness prove faithless to their 202 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. trust In our hands God has placed all that is dear to Christianity, liberty and humanity. We have boasted of our birth, growth, strength, and glory. Let us not forget that these blessings were conferred to be used for these principles, now at stake. Called to expend our treasures of blood and money, let us not withhold either, iintil the supremacy of the Government is established, and the wrongs that call upon us these evils shall be redressed ; when the surging waves of enslaved humanity, that have lashed and struggled for two centuries, shall be hushed by the voice of justice, speaking for this nation, according rights denied to them — then, and then only, may we expect deliverance from TTim who winks not at unrighteous ness. Reverend Samuel Fallows, who was subsequently chaplain of the Thirty-second Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel of the Fortieth, and Colonel of the Forty-ninth, in July, 1862, at the Methodist Episcopal Church at Oshkosh : The sacramentum of the Roman soldier must now interpret the meaning of our sacrament — the highest self-sacrifice for our country's good. With one hand upon the altar of his country, the other uplifted to heaven, he sware by him that sat upon the Olympian mount eternal fidelity to the State. So we, before our country' a altar, calling upon a mightier than Jove to witness our vow, swear unfaltering allegiance to the land of our adoption and birth. Until the last vestige of this rebellion is wiped out we must not give up the struggle. If need be, ministers and members must enter the militant ranks. Our pulpit may have to be the seat of war — our auditors the rebellious South — the singing of our choir the battle-cry of freedom— our prayers the skyward rocket and the whizzing shell — our.sermons the sharp and piercing bullet, and our benediction the bending of the forest of glistening steel, and the resistless charge of the bay onet. Reverend Joseph H. Towne, D. D., pastor of the First Pres byterian Church of Milwaukee, on the Thanksgiving day of 1862, preached from Leviticus xxiii : 39, a sermon (afterward published), on " The Harvest Festival," and in speaking of the state of the country, said : But it is a war not of our initiating. On the part of our enemies, it is a war without the semblance of an apology. For the sake of peace and fraternal 'amity, we had made concessions, until nothing was left us to concede but our very man hood. We may thank God that we did not yield that. Indeed it is fearful to think what might have been the consequences, if the policy of compromise had further prevailed, and thus afforded time for a proud, insolent, oppressive oligarchy to mature their conspiracy. We might then have witnessed the Union broken in pieces like brittle glass, and the stars fall on the earth even as a fig-tree casteth her untimely figs. If the conflict between slavery and freedom was inevitable, it could hardly have come in a time more favorable to us. ROBERTSON, HEALY, DOE, DISSM0RE. 203 Reverend H. M. Robertson, pastor of the Presbyterian Church in Fond du Lac, preached at a Union meeting on Fast Day, September 27th, 1861, from Exodus Tnnrii : 26 — 28 : Shame on those who at such time would weaken the energies of the nation by craven cries of peace, when we all know there can be no peace but at the price of dishonor and ruin. Shame on those who would distract and agitate and draw away attention by side issues and nnnecessary complications, or who would sacri fice the best interests of their country to their own petty quarrels or the strifes of personal ambition for place and power. I believe, as firmly as I believe there is a sun in heaven, that the first cannon ball that struck the walls of Fort Sumter, struck the death knell of American slavery ; and I am glad it was not Northern abolitionism but Southern fanaticism that fired that cannon. They have the responsibility of beginning the contest and they must abide the issue — what that issue shall be, cannot be doubtful. Slavery imderlies tins conflict, and it will be crushed to death in the struggle. If this war is prosecuted vigorously and successfully, slavery will surely go down before the advancing columns of the Northern army, like the prairie grass before the autumnal fires — and there I am willing to leave it Reverend J. W. Healy, of the Hanover Street Congrega tional Church, Milwaukee, in a sermon in 1861, on the justice of defensive war, said : If resistance were ever right, then is ours the cause of God. Upon its issue is hinged the fate of our churches and free schools, free speech and nnfettered thought, a pure Protestantism and the glorious experiment of a Republican govern ment It is an issue that attracts the anxious gaze of nations across the waters, and upon it is hinged material destinies. If of God, let our sympathies cluster around it, let our prayers be uplifted for it, and let us bend willingly to the sacrifice, and bear the burdens it imposes. Reverend F. B. Doe, pastor of the Congregational Church in Appleton, August 3rd, 1862, when there was pressing demand for more soldiers, said : This rebellion can only be put down by military force. If one has the qualities of a good soldier, he should he willing to go, and to go at once. He need not stop for the harrest. Let those of us attend to that who are not fit for soldiers. If his father is dead, he need not stop to bmy him. Let that be done by others. There is a higher and more pressing dug- — to volunteer in the service of your country. The wife must freely give up her husband, and the mother her son. If you are not fit to go yourself, then the duty is laid upon yon to put somebody else in your place, and to urge and help as many as possible to answer to the calL Reverend George P. Dissmore, on Thanksgiving, November 27th, 1862, at Viroqua : As a nation we are not innocent in this matter. Our fathers trusted in God- made public declarations, committing themselves fully on the side of truth, justice, 204 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and equality. These national acts have been repudiated — we: have suffered our hearts to deceive us — we have despised the higher law. Justice is but a name. Truth we have wrested from its base, that it may cover our pollution and sin. We have trusted in an arm of flesh. Now is the time of judgment, of chastisement, of civil war. Many have already fallen, and moistened the earth with their blood. Vet there is hope — there is a promise. Let us look, then, not at the graves of those patriot dead, nor at those living ranks of valiant, brave men, nor to our navy or munitions of war ; but to God. And by an eye of faith we may see, beyond this gloom, this death, the resurrection morn, when these scenes of suffering and sorrow shall have wrought our nation's purification. Reverend John Gridley, of Kenosha, had previously and repeatedly preached on the war and rebellion, but on Thanks giving Day, November 27th, 1862, he spoke from Acts xvii : 28, James i : 7, and Psalms cxviii : 1 : The rebellion itself, as stupendous and gigantic as it is, may truthfully be inter preted a blessing. It arrests and calls the attention of the country to an enormous evil — the evil of slavery ; its power, its rapid extension, its arrogant demands, the multiplication of its victims, the increasing and terrible guilt and responsibility of the nation in the toleration of it, the disgrace of it before the civilized world. My avowed opinion, in regard to the rebellion being a good, may appear absurd to some, and hence be scornfully denied. It is nevertheless a revealed principle of the divine government, as illustrated in both secular and sacred history. In a resort to history, we shall see that no great good occurs under the divine arrangement, but through destructive providences. Instance — the deluge, the deUverance of Israel, the establishment of Israel in Palestine, the persecution of Christians under the Roman Emperors, the American Revolution, and the last I shall mention, though not least, the crucifixion of Christ. All these apparent evils eventuated in acknow ledged good I Now, so has this great rebellion already produced good results. It has demon strated the loyalty of the Northern States, their patriotism, their resources, their strength, their wisdom of invention to meet exigencies. The Northern States have felt almost nothing of the desolations of the war. We can also see what legitimate bless ings are in store for us — the establishment of civil liberty, and the permanency of a Republican government — the utter overthrow of slavery ; and, finally, we shall take a prominent position among the nations of the earth ; we shall be able to radiate blessings upon the world — civil, political, religious. Reverend Charles L. Thompson, pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Janesville, in a sermon (afterward published) on Thanksgiving Day of 1864 : It is not simply to preserve the Union that this war is waged, on tho one hand, nor to conserve the institution of slavery that it is carried on, on the other. For under our Union lies a great granite principle — the brotherhood of man, and for this we contend. Under slavery lies a flat denial of this brotherhood, and for that denial rebels contend, and the armies of our country are the men on the chess-board RELIGIOUS CONVENTIONS. 205 marshaled by these conflicting thoughts. Wherein now lies our confidence that from these fire- waves our country shall arise one and undivided? In the glorious fact that over the commotions of time the Lord rules in the interest of the brother hood of man, and that we are struggling for that brotherhood ; that among the distorted visors of old federal monarchies (metallic faces of an older civilization) our Government, an unmasked child, gives to the world a human face — the clear, simple look of brotherhood. Professor Edward Searing, of Milton Academy, in an address on "President Lincoln in History," delivered June 1st, 1865, commenced : Four years ago last November, the nation had elected a President in accordance with the customary and time-honored provisions of the Constitution. The previous canvass had been somewhat unusually exciting, but no human being doubted the legitimacy of the election. When the result was known, the people occupying one-half the national territory — a region more than four times the size of the French Empire — rose in open and defiant rebellion. They were twelve millions strong. They had anticipated the movement ; had established concert of action ; and had, by previous control of the Government, silently withdrawn from the loyal part of the nation arms for their defence. They had seized all the Government forts, arsenals, and other property within their limits, and had scattered the few Govern ment vessels to the four quarters of the globe. They were actuated by an almost unanimous sentiment of bitter hatred. They possessed a warlike instead of a manu facturing or commercial spirit. Their leaders were soldiers and statesmen of experi ence and ability. Jealousy won for them the sympathy of other nations, by whom our great experiment of self-government was now boldly and exultingly declared to be a failure. The Wisconsin Baptist State Convention, at its annual meeting held at Racine, September 19th and 20th, 1861, unani mously adopted a report presented by Reverend W. H. Bris bane, of Madison, in which it was resolved: That in this national crisis it is the duty of all Christians to look to God for his interposition in putting down this unjustifiable and wicked rebellion ; that it is their duty to sustain the President of the United States by their constant prayers, by their means, and, when necessary, with their lives; that slavery having wickedly drawn the sword to compel a change of the Consti tution, in order to carry itself all over Mexico and Central America, if it shall utterly perish by the sword before this war terminates, it would be but the just judgment of a righteous God, making even the wrath of man to praise him; that the. time has come for the solution of the negro question,, both of 206 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. race and condition ; and that the Convention feel a profound sympathy for our enslaved countrymen, and recommend all Christians to make their condition the subject of earnest prayer to God, that he will remove all obstructions in the way of their deliverance from bondage, and elevate them to the condition where the gospel would place them. The Wisconsin Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at its annual meeting, convened in Fond du Lac, September, 1861, resolved: That the war by some of the States against the Federal Government, grew out of dis loyalty to truth, hatred of justice, and a desire for larger liberty in wickedness; that the disloyal States have never been improperly restrained by the Government; that they have been protected in their lawful interests; that they have received a large excess of the oflices, honors, and pecuniary subsidies of the Government; that the Government has dis criminated in their favor, limiting and restraining the great principles of equal justice with respect to them; that the nation is bound by the interest of the race, and its own honor, and the divine honor, to suppress the revolt ; and that we trust God will guide to such issues as will better prepare for the nation's great mission under a code entirely just, and operating on a constituency equally and universally free. The Presbyterian and Congregational Convention of Wiscon sin, at its annual meeting, in Milwaukee, September 27th, and October 1st, inclusive, 1861, resolved: That we heartily and sor rowfully recognize the j ustice of divine retribution now descend ing with terrible power upon the nation; that we approve of the war waged by the Government for crushing the rebellion; that slavery is the real cause of the rebellion; that we regret the frequent and needless violations of the Sabbath on the part of the military leaders ; that we desire to accept of no peace based upon a timid compromise with treason ; and that all traitors have forfeited their lives by their crimes, and that it were a mercy to save their lives by wresting from their wicked grasp the suicidal weapon of slavery. Some ecclesiastical bodies held sentiments in advance of those adopted by others ; some were more bold in the utterance of their doctrines than others, and some held in the beginning CHURCHES AND MINISTERS. 207 the very opinions that were justified and defended in tlie pro gress of the war. Some individual churches, knowing that President Lincoln desired information in regard to the mind of the people, and that the way to diffuse opinions is to express them, took separate action on some of the topics of the day. The Spring-street Congregational. Church of Milwaukee, only a few weeks previous to tlie President's announcement of his intention to issue an emancipation proclamation, forwarded to him a brief address, which met with a very courteous and prompt reply through his private secretary. They resolved, that the Government is not strong enough to put down the rebellion unless God is on our side, and that he has no attri bute that eau prompt him to uphold us in the consei nation of American slavery; that instead of striving to preserve the Union with slavery if possible, without it if necessaiy, we should strive to preserve the Union^ and thankfully embrace the present providential opportunity to destroy slavery ; that the Govern ment in tlie war should know no man as a slave ; that it is an unjustifiable extravagance of human life to limit the number of soldiers by rejecting from the service of their country any class or race of men ; and that enrolling slaves in our armies would prepare them for freedom, and tend to eradicate the spirit of caste toward them.* Many churches and ministers in Wisconsin bore an honor able part iu the prosecution of the wax and the suppression of the rebellion. They helped to raise the army and aided in sustaining it They gave many of their own members — many sons and brothers. The pulpit ofteu vindicated the truth at home while brave soldiers vindicated our cause on the battle field. A mighty march of the truth — equal to that of half a century — was witnessed during tlie war. Be it said to the honor of many churches and their pastors, that they kept their tone of sentiment even with the advancing strides of tlie provi dence of God. * The action of other individual churches is not at hand. Note. — The modesty of some ministers prevents the pleasure of extracts from their sermons in this chapter. Some may have failed to receive the author's request of them ; some ministers now in the State were not here at the open ing of the war, and some extracts, it is feared, may come too late. GENEBAL. ULYSSES S. GRANT. PART II, EASTERN" DEPARTMENT,— EARLIER HISTORY. FROM SUMTER TO GETTYSBURG. 14 I. FIRST INFANTRY— THREE MONTHS. II. SECOND INFANTRY TO BULL RUN. III. THIRD INFANTRY TO CEDAR MOUNTAIN. IV. FIFTH INFANTRY THROUGH PENINSULAR CAM- PAIGN. V. IRON BRIGADE TO GAINESVILLE. VI. SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN. VII. SOUTH MOUNTAIN AND ANTIETAM. VIII. THIRD AND FIFTH INFANTRY TO CHANCELLOR VILLE. IX. GOD'S 'RULE OF THE REBELLION. X. IRON BRIGADE FROM ANTIETAM TO GETTYS BURG. XI. BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS TO GETTYSBURG. XII. NINETEENTH AND TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. XIII. r THE CAMPAIGN OF GETTYSBURG. XIV. GOVERNOR RANDALL AND HIS ADMINISTRA TION. CHAPTER I. THE FIRST, REGIMENT— FOR, THREE MONTHS, FORMATION, — ENCAMPMENT,-^-ROSTER, FLAG-STAFF OF FOBT SUMTER,— MRS. GEORGE H. WALKER'S ADDRESS, PROPHETIC SERMON; MUSTERING, — DEPARTURE, ¦ — COMPLIMENTS, DISAPPOINTMENTS, — DESTRUCTION OF HARPER'S FERRY, GENERAL PATTERSON, HOWELL COBB'S PRO PHECY, CROSSING THE POTOMAC,— BATTIiXl OF FAZZUTG WATJEBSr- GEORGE DRAKE, SERGEANT WARREN M. GRAHAM, ADVANCE TO MAR- TINSBURG, JOHNSTON ESCAPES AND JOINS THE REBEL ARMY AT MAN ASSAS, SENATOR CHANDLER ON PATTERSON, ON THE POTOMAC, GENEBAL BANKS IN COMMAND, HOMEWARD BOUND, RECEPTION. On the 14th of April, 1861, President Lincoln issued a proclama tion calling for seventy-five., thousand soldiers. On the 16th, Gov ernor A. W. Randall responded for Wisconsin, by issuing his proclamation for the one regiment required of this State. The formation of the First Regiment was attended with great enthusiasm. This might have been expected from the great uprising of the people already recorded. The militia of the State was in a disorganized condition ; the military laws were insufficient, and were soon found to need amendment. Not withstanding this, the celerity with which the volunteers and the companies came forward was surprising. Governor Ran dall opens his third war proclamation as follows : ¦ " In six days from the issue of my proclamation of the 16th instant, the first regiment called for by the President of the United States, for the defence of the Union, is enrolled and ready for service. * * It is to be regretted that Wisconsin is not per mitted to increase largely her quota, but her loyal citizens must exercise patience till called for." The Adjutan^General, William L. Utley, says: "The call had- not reached manv 212 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. parts of the State before the regiment was full." Other com panies about ready to report were necessarily deferred until the requisition for other troops. The first regiment was called into Camp Scott, at Milwaukee. Four companies were formed in that city, two in Madison, one in Beloit, one in Fond du Lac, one in Horicon, and one in Kenosha. FIRST REGIMENT. Colonel — John C. Starkweather. Lieut. Colonel — Chas. L. Harris. Major — David H. Lane. Adjutant — A. R. Chapin. Quartermaster — Dwight W. Keyes. As. Quartermaster — Harry Bingham. 1st Assist. Surgeon — L. J. Dixon. 2d Assist. Surgeon — Jas. Crugom. Commissary — W. J. Plows. As. Commissary — Chas. Fairchild. Aid to Colonel — Samuel Brooks. Surgeon — B. F. White. Captains. A — Geo. B. Bingham. B— Henry A. Mitchell. C— -0. B. Twogood. D — Pius Dreher. E— Geo. E. Bryant. r-¥m. M. Clark. G— D. C. McVean. H — Wilhelm George. I— James V. McCall. K — Lucius Fairchild. Mrst Lieutenants. Charles Dudley. Edward D. Luxton. J. C. Adams. J. C. Harttert. Wm. H. Plunkett. Thos. P. Northrup. W. H. Pettit. Philip Horwitz. Thomas H. Green. De Witt C. Poole. Second Lieutenants. Geo. F. Williams. Henry L. Bruyeres. S. E. Tyler. A. Bingenheimer. Wm. H. Miller. Noble W. Smith. Levi Howland. Christian Sarnow. Henry Decker. James K. Proudfit. The regimental officers were not all in accordance with the law and mode adopted afterwards. The hurry of the first organization did not allow of perfect arrangement. Company A was designated as the " Milwaukee Light Guard;" Company B, the " Milwaukee Union Rifles,;" Company C, the " Horicon Guards ;" Company D, the " Black Yagers ;" Com pany E, the "Madison Guard;" Company F, the "Beloit City Guard;" Company G, the "Park City Grays;" Company H, the " Milwaukee Riflemen;" Company I, the " Fond du Lac Badgers ;" Company K, the " Governor's Guard." The numerical strength of this regiment on the day of its departure from Camp Scott to the seat of war was as follows : REGIMENTAL FLAG. 213 Field and staff officers Non-commissioned on staff .... Company officers . . .... Band Non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates Total 9 10 30 16 745 810 As the enlisted men began to collect in Milwaukee, they at first found quarters sufficient in the dwellings and other build ings about the city. But on the 23rd of April camp life and experience were commenced, on Spring-street Hill, by the Light Guard and Union Rifles, of Milwaukee, and the com panies from other towns soon joined them. They received there large numbers of visitors, and numerous attentions to their wants. On the 27th they were sworn into the State ser vice by Judge Advocate Edwin L. Buttrick. On the same day Colonel Starkweather issued his fourth regimental order, pre scribing the uniform of the regiment. Then there were hurry and bustle to obtain the requisite dress. Neither State nor United States had any uniform ready at hand. In the same order the commanding officer said : " In the name of Colonel Rufus King, I have the honor of presenting to the regiment a piece of the flag-staff of Fort Sumter, cut by him from the same by the consent of Major Anderson, which I propose to engraft into the flag-staff of the regiment; and I call upon every officer and man to see that such staff and such colors are carried forward to the foremost and extreme point of the fight, if there shall be one in which we may be engaged, and that, in no event, shall such colors or staff be disgraced." On the 8th of May, a large concourse of people, estimated at five thousand, assembled at Camp Scott to witness the present ation of a regimental flag, by Mrs. George H. Walker, on behalf of the ladies of Milwaukee. It was done in the army regulation style, in the presence of the Governor, Brigadier- General King, and other Wisconsin military officers. After a review of the regiment, and its formation into a grand hollow square, the officers being assembled in the centre, Judo-e Arthur McArthur introduced Mrs. Walker to the troops 214 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. when she delivered her. presentation address ina clear and distinct tone. The.following . sentences of ; the address reflect the spirit of the occasion and of the people of the State: "In confiding this banner to be upheld by your strong arms and dauntless hearts, we feel that you will, never, permit a hostile and traitor's flag to assume the place of the glorious and un sullied stars and strapes, which have been, with the blessing of God, and ever shall be the symbol of our national glory. * * * * The ladies who have, prepared this beautiful standard, have adorned its azure field with a star for each state of the Union, making thirty-four in all. We have made no distinc tion, selecting some and excluding others, but have embraced our whole country with all its luminaries shining^ for we can recognize no secession from theglorious sisterhood of States." While the regiment was in camp, Governor Randall issued a proclamation to the "Patriotic Women of Wisconsin," requesting the preparation and contribution of lint and band ages for the use of the army, to be forwarded to James Hol- ton, Esq., of Milwaukee, for proper distribution. He asked for even a larger amount of such necessaries than might be required by the sons of Wisconsin, and remarked that, "in the long war likely to follow, there may be thousands who will require such kindness." Little did Governor or people then suppose, that before the war should close the dead of Wiscon sin soldiers alone would number nearly eleven thousand. While the regiment was encamped in Milwaukee* many people were attentive to the religious as well as other wants of the soldiers. Sermons were preached, and other religious ser vices held at Camp Scott. Churches were opened in the city, and the regiment, by companies or as a whole, was frequently invited to attend divine service in them with the usual congre gations. The invitation was often accepted, and the troops marched in military order to the house of God. Bibles and other religious books, of small size, were liberally offered to the soldiers, and usually or always respectfully and gratefully received. Some or most of the books may have been lost in the three months' absence, but the gift was not lost. In one of the churches a sermon was preached before the regiment from this text : " Shall iron break the northern iron and the RELIGIOUS SERVICES. 215 steel ?"* Some sentences of that sermon were the following : For a long time past the Southern iron has seemed to he breaking the Northern iron. A difference — a compromise between the North and the South, on one subject, began with the origin of this nation in its separate existence from Great Britain. * * * * Though slavery In the beginning of our independence was put under the ban, and professedly all along has been under prohibition, yet all along she has triumphed and ruled, step after step, until at least the fourth of March, 1861. Thus far ; no farther. * * * * But there is more substance in this Northern iron than many have been wont to suppose." It has had a longer hardening process than many have dreamed of; it has passed through more conflict and tempering heat than most of the world have gazed upon ; there has been a higher and more recondite art at work in shaping and hardening its edge than is generally understood; and the artist of the Northern iron is divine, a feet greatly overlooked. * ' * * * The hardened superior metal is the high moral principle lying at the foundation. It is, that "slavery is a crime against wan and a sin against1 God, and that it may not and shall not usurp the reins of government in this land— a land flowing with milk and honey — a gov ernment dedicated to freedom eighty-five years ago next Fourth of July. Here is the true steel of the North. Her iron has come forth from the forge of liberty, har dened, brilliant and keen for the conflict. * * * * Its authors [of secession] will not obtain recognition from the nations abroad — at least not from the people, if they do from the sovereigns. While we have arms and ammunition, with men and means to obtain more, they will soon find them selves cooped up on their Southern plantations. * * * * With their ports blockaded by our war vessels, and the ships and fleets of other nations indisposed to effect an entrance to their harbors; with no navy of their own, and no ability to make it or get it, and the supplies of physical life bordering on famine prices, what will the iron do to break the Northern iron and the steel ? * * * * The present question is one that can never be settled until it is settled right, and when settled right it is settled on our side. If the present contest fail for us, yet another, it may be another still,- must come, until at last the Northern iron shall win the day. Some accepted these sentiments as the truth; others doubted; others still disbelieved. Such was the state of the public mind in regard to the war, its causes and its results. On May 17th the regiment was mustered into the United States service, received marching orders June 7th, and departed for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, on the 9th. Many regretted that it was on the Sabbath, but it was said that railroad neces sities and the mandates of war obliged it. Religious services were first held in camp that morning, Reverend James C. Richmond, chaplain of the Second Regiment, then encamped at Madison, officiating. The troops were finely equipped, and during their six weeks in camp Scott they had been so well * Jeremiah xv: 12. 216 / WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. drilled, as to present a truly soldierly appearance. It is esti mated that fully ten thousand people thronged after them to the cars. The more retiring ladies had taken their farewell of dear ones in the regiment at their homes, but many were the tender partings as the soldiers were about to move away. What painful losses; what sad bereavements even three months of war service might produce, none could tell. Those sepa rations might be the last upon earth. But, in general, the gift of sons, brothers, fathers, and lovers, was a willing one, and those thus offered on the altar of their country were in good spirits and cheer. The sacrifice was made with an im pressive blank uncertainty of the great impending future for the country. The total of the regiment was eight hundred and ten, and it required seventeen passenger cars, two baggage cars, and five freight cars, to convey them away. They left Milwaukee at two o'clock P. M., and through the favor of citizens of Kenosha, dined sumptuously with them at four o'clock. Of their passage through Chicago, the Tribune of that city thus speaks : They were completely equipped in every feature of military perfection, and made a splendid appearance. Their progress through Clark street was a continued ovation of cheers. Chicago will have to look well to her laurels, if she would not be surpassed by her down-lake sister in the item of military equipments for her troops. Wisconsin need have no fear concerning the rank her soldiers will take in the grand army of the Union. That last remark has been a true prophecy through all the war. The special correspondent of the New York Tribune, writing from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, on the 13th of June, said : The Wisconsin regiment presents an appearance highly creditable for that young and patriotio State, both in muscle and discipline of the men, and their compara tively perfect equipment. **** * * ***## The Wisconsin boys are armed with the Minie rifle, and they are sharpshooters, who know how to use that effective weapon. It is said there are five lawyers, three doctors, and two preachers in the ranks. The clarion voice of their martial-looking colonel, Starkweather, will ring the knell of the traitors who get within rifle distance. The complete discipline of the regiment is evinced by the fact that, though the camp is in the suburbs of the town, not one soldier has been seen out of it, and all communication outside is strictly prohibited. A BATTLE EXPECTED. 217 The regiment was received with much enthusiasm by the people all along its route to Chambersburg, where it remained four, days; then, hearing of the evacuation and burning of Harper's Ferry, proceded to Hagerstown, Maryland. There it was reviewed and addressed by General Robert Patterson, Governor Hicks, of that State, being present. It is said that General Patterson made the confidential remark that this was the best regiment of volunteers he had ever seen; and yet there were about 22,000 troops then under his com mand. At least, he sent word back to our State, " Tell your Governor we ask no better regiments than his First. They :..: Rifle Pits. \ A* "¦-• \ '" V4 Rebels Steep ascent. Va\ behind \ "A* housesand in Stone wall. RiflePits. Open ground 400 yards. Right wing 5th Wis. as Skirmishers. 50 yards. New York. 6th Maine. wing 5th Wis. Fredericksburg. The Sixty-first Pennsylvania and Forty-third New York were to make a flank movement at the right, to divert the attention of the enemy. The right wing of the Fifth Wis consin, Companies A, F, I, and H, were to advance as skir mishers. The Sixth Maine were to follow the right wing of Waaxswr ISfronAVXiTi* Co.Cinc BRIG. GEN.U. S .VOLS _ SECY or STATE, WIS. 1866-67 ENGRAVED EXFP.ESSLY FOR'v.1SCCiWSlH III TOE WH.OF THE REBEIJION. BATTLE 0E CHANCELLORVILLE. 355 the Fifth in line of battle, and fifty paces in their rear ; the Thirty-first New York were to form and advance on the left of the Sixth Maine, and in line with them; and ten paces in the rear, at the left of the Sixth, the left wing of the Fifth was to follow. The men knew what a human slaughter-ground the space before them had been. As they lay there waiting those three hours, they had some serious reflections, and some temptations to be dispirited; and Colonel Allen, who had arranged the plan of attack, felt the need of raising their spirits. This he did not do by attempting to divert their attention by folly, or to depreciate the danger. He studied the case, and observed that both Burnside at the.battLe of Freder icksburg, and the brigade of the third division on that morn ing, had stopped when about, one hundred yards from the stone wall, under a slight slope, and delivering their fire, at that instant received such terrible . shots from the converging batteries and musketry of the" enemy that they never went farther. Colonel Allen therefore made this short address to his men just before starting: "Boys, you see those heights! You have got to take them ! You think you can't do it, but you can! You will do it! When the order 'forward' is given, you will start at double quick ; you will not fire a gun ; you will not stop until you get the order to halt ! You will not get that order I" The order "Forward" came. The various bodies of soldiers moved according to the plan. The enemy reserved their fire until the skirmishers arrived within about one hundred yards of the stone wall, expecting them to halt there, under a protecting slope and commence firing. Then they opened on the assaulting heroes with terrific fury and terrible effect, from musketry behind the stone wall and in rifle pits above, in front, and from houses and rifle pits at the right, and from batteries posted on all the crests of the hill. Cap tain Harris' battery w,as firing at the enemy over the heads of the " Light Division," and all the numerous artillery on that part of the enemy's line was intensely engaged. The scene was awful. Shot, shell, and cannister plunged in among our men, and in ten minutes five hundred of them fell, killed or wouqded. Colonel Spear, of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania, was 356 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. wounded at the first fire, which caused some confusion and delay there, but the advance portion of the Fifth rushed for ward, and in a few seconds reached the stone wall, four hun dred yards distant, having lost already one hundred of the two hundred and twenty-five that started, and then leaping the wall in a twinkling, and thrusting their bayonets into some antagonists as they passed scaled the heights above, Colonel Allen being the first man in the enemy's works, and waving his sword, and shouting "Come on, boys!" Some of the "boys" were soon there, and, alas! some were not, and could not be there ! They were dead ! Lieutenant Brown, of the celebrated Washington artillery of New Orleans, in person surrendered his battery to Colonel Allen, expressing high admiration of his bravery, to whom the Colonel replied, " I am sorry to see so brave a man as you fighting against the flag of his country." The Sixth Maine planted their flag on the heights at the right, and the left wing of the Wisconsin Fifth placed theirs on the left, at the Washington battery. Other regiments came for ward and took batteries and positions still farther at the right and left. The Fifth captured nine guns, several hundred prisoners, and many small arms. Among those who lost their lives in the assault were Captain Strong, of Company G; and Captain Turner, of Company H, whom Colonel Allen named as among the bravest officers. As Captain Strong was struck by the fatal shot and began to fall, he waved his sword, and cried " Forward, boys, the day is ours !" The right wing of the Fifth lost twenty-six killed and seventy-three wounded ; the left wing, five killed and thirty-three wounded. But the victory so dearly won was nearly fruitless, except in its glory and its historic worth. The next day the whole of the sixth (Sedgwick's) corps was nearly surrounded by the rebels under General Longstreet, who took possession of the heights again, our troops having advanced. A large part of Lee's army lay between Sedgwick's corps and Hooker, and . no proper means were taken to improve the advantage of the victory gained by Sedgwick's heroes, who had their struggle alone, far separated from their comrades. Finally the command came from General Hooker to cross the river. But the sixth corps must fight their way to the BATTLE OP CHANCELLORVILLE. 357 ford. Colonel Allen was ordered by General Sedgwick in person to take the Fifth Wisconsin and Sixty-first Pennsyl vania, and go to the assistance of Brookes' and Howe's divisions, who were fighting toward the ford of the river. This was done, with the loss of twenty-six more men in a few moments. At three o'clock the next morning the Fifth crossed the river, and worked all the following day in taking up the pontoon bridges, and hauling them by hand up a steep ascent half a mile. The latter part of Sunday, General Hooker acted on the defensive, and awaited developments on the part of Sedgwick. But there being no arrangement whereby the main army could take advantage of the capture of Marye's Heights, and com munication with Sedgwick not being effected, and Stoneman's cavalry, that went farther into' the enemy's rear, not being heard from, General Hooker decided on retiring across the river. Some cannonading and picket skirmishing occurred on Monday,, day and night; early on Tuesday all the pioneers engaged in cutting roads to the United States Ford, and on Tuesday night, in a rain storm, the army crossed. The Third Wisconsin, on May 1st, moved out from its camp in the " Wilderness," toward Fredericksburg, and took posi tion as pickets. There they immediately discovered the enemy in front, in the woods, and prepared to receive their attack. That was soon made, and Lieutenant Colonel John W. Scott, of the Third Regiment, was struck by a bullet and instantly killed. The enemy pressed back the left of the regiment, and Colonel Hawley ordered a change to a fence near by, which they converted into a breast work, and held the remainder of the day. On the afternoon of the 2d they moved forward some distance toward the enemy, but not to an attack. When ordered back to their works, they found them occupied by the rebels. There they had left their knap sacks, and thus they lost all their shelter tents, blankets, and rations. They then formed a line of battle to resist the rebel advance. At ten o'clock at night their skirmishers were driven in, and a volley was fired over their heads, followed by a wild yelling of the enemy. Colonel Hawley ordered a fire upon them, and while this was being executed, a portion 358 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of the Thirteenth New Jersey Infantry, blinded by the dark ness, opened fire upon the rear of the Third, which caused some confusion. At daybreak on the morning of the 3rd, the enemy began a vigorous attack upon them with infantry. The Third Regi ment replied with a constant and well-directed fire, checked the advance of the rebels, and slowly drove them back about one-third of a mile. Thus they fought until half-past nine o'clock in the forenoon, when their muskets became so foul that they could scarcely load them, and they were relieved by a portion of General Whipple's forces. Colonel Hawley ex pressed the opinion, in his report to his superior officer, that if all Union troops had borne the fatigue and privation of that series of battles at Chancellorville as well as the Wisconsin Third Infantry, and had fought with as much unflinching determination and bravery, a decided victory to our arms would have been the result. LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN WALTER SCOTT. This excellent and beloved officer fell, greatly mourned, in this battle of Chancellorville, May 1st, 1863, aged forty years. He was^a native of Meadville, Pennsylvania, and settled as a silversmith and jeweler in Watertown, Wisconsin, about 1842. He joined the army, and served under General Scott in the Mexican War, participating in the fiercest and bloodiest battles from Vera Cruz $0 the City of Mexico, and continued in the service till the close of the strife. When the war of the rebellion broke out, he was tendered a captain's commission, and immediately closed up his business, raised a company, was assigned to the Third Regiment, and went at once to the seat of war. He rose steadily and deservedly to the rank of lieutentant colonel, and had he lived, would have gone higher if any opening had been made. At the battle of Cedar Moun tain he was severely wounded, and taken to the house of Hon orable J. Fife, a secessionist of Culpepper, where, from the family of that gentleman, he received every kindness and attention. At Chancellorville he was shot in the left eye, the ball passing through his head, and died instantly ; no word, BATTLE OP CHANCELLORVILLE. 359 nothing but a groan escaping from his lips. He went into this campaign against the advice of his surgeon, his health being shattered, and one arm useless from wounds received at Cedar Mountain. On the day of the battle he was sick, but persistently remained with his regiment, and that act of self- denial and bravery cost him his life. Several years before his death he became a useful member and good steward in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and remained so to the last. Early on the morning of April 29th, the Iron Brigade, in connection with the first (General Reynolds') corps, appeared at Fitz Hugh's Crossing, on the Rappahannock, below Fred ericksburg. The engineers, preceded by sharp-shooters, had prepared to lay a pontoon bridge, and were driven back by the enemy's pickets on the opposite side. , The brigade, with a few other troops, were ordered to force a passage of the stream, and drive out the rebels at the point of the bayonet; the Sixth Wisconsin and Twenty-fourth Michigan being placed in the advance, and closely followed by the Second and Seventh Wisconsin, and Nineteenth Indiana. They were to cross in the slow-moving, square-bowed pontoon boats — twenty-five feet long, four wide, and three deep — which must be rowed or poled over. The rifle pits on the opposite side were swarm ing with sharp-shooters, who, from their protected position upon the bank, forty feet above the river, could deal death to the adventurous Federals while crossing. The bank on the south side was overgrown with vines and underbrush, and was slippery from recent rains. The men advanced to within a ' quarter of a mile of the river, and there selected their oarsmen — four to each boat; boats' chiefs were appointed; and knap sacks, haversacks, and every superfluous weight, were laid aside. They then deployed into line and moved forward steadily, keeping step as they advanced to what appeared must be their sure destruction. Not a man faltered ; every one was in his place. The order was given, "By the right of details to the front ; double quick; march!", and each boat's creW, headed by their chief, started on the run for their boat. Volleys of bullets met them, but they rushed on ; once in the boats, they pushed off to cross the three hundred yards of water that lay between them and their foe. The splinters from the gunwales flew in 360 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. every direction, while here and there some poor soldier was struck and fell back in the boat with a gasp, either killed or wounded. They reached the opposite shore, and charged immediately up the bank and upon the intrenchments at the top. In a few moments all is quiet, but twenty-nine rebels lie prostrate and lifeless, two hundred are our prisoners, and the remainder are fleeing to other intrenchments on the heights beyond. While getting into the boats, Captain Alexander Gordon, Jr., of Company K, was killed, and also Second Lieutenant William 0. Topping, Company C, Seventh Regiment. Several others were wounded. The loss of Captain Gordon was a heavy one for the regiment, as he was an exceedingly brave and efficient officer. Lieutenant Topping was young, and had been recently promoted. He was held in much esteem by all. The pontoon bridges were then laid, and another brigade, commanded by General Cutler, crossed over, and the troops took position on nearly the same ground occupied by the Iron Brigade in the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13th. On the 2d of May, the brigade recrossed, and moved to join the forces on the extreme right. On the 3rd, at four o'clock in the morning, they crossed to the south side of the river, at United States Ford, and reached the battle field near Chancel lorville at sunrise. There, owing to marshes and heavy timber in their front, their position was nearly inaccessible, though the battle raged terribly near by, the enemy making charge after charge upon our works without avail, and con tinuing the conflict nearly all day. On the 28th of April, the third corps, to which Berdan's sharp-shooters were now attached, marched down the river to the left of the army below Fredericksburg. On the 30th, they were suddenly ordered to the right of the army. They made a detour to the rear to escape observation from the opposite bank, and by a forced march arrived at their position on the 1st of May, at four in the morning, having moved twenty miles with but one rest of two hours. They now crossed the Rappa hannock at United States Ford, and took position near the front. At ten o'clock the next morning, (May 2d,) the sharp-shooters acted as skirmishers in the battle, and drove the rebel outposts BATTLE OF CHANCELLORVILLE. 361 in. Pushing forward through dense thickets for two miles, they came upon the rebels in force, when Company G, with others, captured three hundred and sixty-five men of the Twenty-third Georgia Regiment, who were caught by being cornered in a railroad cut, having been previously discovered by look-outs posted in trees and along the roadside. The sight of fifty sharp-shooting rifles, every one of which was death when aimed at them and the trigger was pulled, was too much for the Georgians, and they surrendered. The sharp-shooters, with their corps, were cut off from the army that night, by the flank movement of Stonewall Jackson, by which he gained their rear. At daybreak on the 3rd, the battle again commenced, the rebels fighting fiercely to prevent their joining the main body. A terrible struggle ensued till noon. Company G was posted in a thick belt of woods, and was engaged as skirmishers during the whole time, losing seven men wounded. In the evening they took position in the reserve, where they remained till the next morning, when, having again been sent to the front, they were placed in posi tion as skirmishers, where they remained, covering the move ment of the army until it had recrossed the Rappahannock, and repulsing several attempts of the rebels to drive them back. They held this position for seventeen hours without relief, or even water, and on the 6th of May crossed the river and returned to their old camp at Falmouth. The Federal cause in this battle received the advantages of another Wisconsin agency, namely, the ready pen of Mr. L. L. Crounse, formerly editor of a Milwaukee paper, whose valuable report of the battle in the New York Times, has been the chief authority of the Annual American Cyclopoedia, and of Tenney's and Abbott's histories of the war. Lieutenant B. F. Cram, Company F, Fifth Regiment, also reported well con cerning the capture of Marye's Heights, though this brave and memorable deed is not noticed in the forementioned histories. At the battle of Fredericksburg the Second Regiment lost one killed and ten wounded: the Sixth, three wounded; the Seventh, one killed, eight wounded, and three missing. At the battle of Chancellorville, chiefly or wholly at Fitz Hugh's 362 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Crossing, the Second Regiment lost five wounded, and one missing; the Sixth, three killed, and thirteen wounded; the Seventh, two officers and one private killed, five wounded, and one missing. The whole number in each regiment, at that time, was small. The whole brigade, including the Twenty- fourth Michigan, at Fitz Hugh's Crossing, was only about fifteen hundred. The Federal loss was, 154 officers, 1,358 enlisted men, killed; 624 officers, 8,894 enlisted men, wounded. Some of the wounded remained on the field of battle at least ten days, aided somewhat by the Confederates, but generally suffering much. The rebel loss was not as much in numbers, but far more in important officers. General Thomas Jonathan (" Stonewall ") Jackson was one of the numerous Confederate loss in this battle. After he had made his terrible attack on the Union right and had driven back our forces, he went forward to examine the position, and as he was returning to his own lines, he and his attendants were mistaken for Federal cavalry, and were fired upon by a South Carolina Regiment. He was wounded in both arms, and several of his staff were killed. As he fell from his horse he exclaimed, " All my wounds are by my own men ! " The Federals were attracted by the firing, and in the midst of fly ing shot and shell which struck down many Confederates, Jackson was borne off by his own men, receiving additional wounds as he went. His left arm was amputated, he was removed to Guinea's Station, on the railroad from Fredericks burg to Richmond, pneumonia set in on the 7th, and he died on Sunday, the 10th, saying to his wife, who told him he was going, " Very good, very good ; it is all right ! " He was a victim of the State rights doctrine, being opposed to the rebellion, except for the reason that Virginia voted to secede from the Union. His soubriquet, " Stonewall," was received, as some say, because at the first battle of Bull Run he answered an inquiry by saying, " My troops will stand like a stone wall;" or, because the Confederate General Bee said of him after the battle, "He stood like a stone wall." He further earued the title in numerous conflicts, especially at the battle of Winchester. BATTLE OF CHANCELLORVILLE. 363 The names of the wounded of the Wisconsin Fifth in this battle were as follows : Major H. M. Wheeler. Company A — 1st Lt. Horace Walker, 2d Lt. A. B. Gib son, Sergt. Maurice Mullens, Corps. Wm. Turpin, J. K. Leykorn-j Albert Burbick, Francis Stirn. Privates Wm. C. Crocker, Samuel E. Dexter, Gotlab Herman, L. Lacount, Ole Nelson, Peter Perrauld, Michael Peleher, Joseph Cox. Company B — Sergts. Oscar H. Pierce, Henry Pigg, Washington I. Carver. Corporals Rollin R. Wheeler, James Young, Leander L. Hatch. Privates M. M. Bailey, Wm. Byrne, Wm. George, Jeremiah Merrils, Malcolm McNie, Joseph McDonald, E. O'Brien, J. Parkinson, Jeremiah Sheldon, J. S. Parker. Company C-^Capt. C. W. Kempf, 1st Lt. Muller, 2d Lt. C. H. Mayer. Privates Joseph Bob, Dietrick Dierolf, Frauz Kurtzner, Joseph Lesaulmier, Joseph Thiefault, Christon Rudarer, Hugo Riehter. Company D — Corps. E. Charnock, C. P. Jones, Holland Smith, L. A. Hovey. Com pany E— 1st Lt. A. W. Hathaway, Sergt. Jas. Huggins. Corps. W. W. Wiggins, H. S. Ames, C. T. Hackard. Privates R. D. Coon, George Peelerson. Company F — Sergt . F. L. Ladue, Corp. George Klock. Privates John Rose, A. J. Smith. Company G — Sergt. Robert Berry. Corps. James F. Elliott, Reuben H. Shumway, Charles Knudson, Henry V. Strong. Company R— Corporals A. T. Robb, W. B. Walker. Privates A. C. Bell, John Douglas, Martin Morrison, D. W. McCarty, T. J. Shannon, John Berlan, John McGregor. Company I— 2d Lt. Richard Carter. Privates Edward F. B^lynn, John Anderson, T. J. Keys, Charles Bartlett, Alfred Kelley, William Duriff, Thomas Adkins, Abraham Adkins. George Thomas, A. P. Brown, J. Henry Osborn, John Simons, Peter Sable, John Thompson, James Wait. Company K— Corp. J. B. Kendall. Privates John H. Bolton, Francis Lee, Frederick Britenather, Frederick Messner. CHAPTER IX. GOD'S RULE OF THE REBELLION. GOD'S RVLE OF THE REBELLION IN THE INTEREST OF FREEDOM. THE INTERPRETATIONS OF PROTIDENCE BY GENERAL LEE AND JEFFERSON DAVIS, THEIB THANKS FOR SUCCESS IN TREASON NOT WELL CONSIDERED, PRESENT SUCCESS IN INIQUITY THE PRECURSOR OF ULTIMATE DEFEAT, THE RULING OF DIVINE PROVIDENCE TO EXHAUST THE REBELS, AND PLANT THE FEDERALS. ON THE ROCK OF FREEDOM, PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF SEPTEMBER 22D, 1862, HIS EMANCIPATION PRO CLAMATION. Man needs to use much care and humble obedience if he would rightly interpret the ways of God's providence. Let him take out any short section of the course of providential events, and then, without rigidly consulting the moral prin ciples involved, make his conclusions as to God's design, and his interpretation will be but a mere human guess, and will probably prove an utter failure. At all times during the rebel lion, it was hazardous for any one to prophesy the future from any success or defeat, without strict attention to the demands of justice and righteousness in the land. At evening on the 30th of August, 1862, General R. E. Lee, in reporting to Jef ferson Davis the success of their arms that day on the plains of Manassas, said, " Our gratitude to Almighty God for his mercies rises higher each day." And on the 2d of September, Mr. Davis, in a message to the rebel Congress, said : " From these dispatches it will be seen that God has again extended his shield over our patriotic army, and has blessed the cause of the Confederacy with a second signal victory on the field already memorable by the gallant achievement of our troops." This deduction was a great blunder in logic, because the ques tion whether Lee and Davis and all the rest were traitors and REBEL GRATITUDE. 365 oppressors or not, was ignored. It might be that God was allowing them brief success, that all their strength might be expended and their power lost, and that their opponents might be disciplined to a state of rectitude that would bear perma nent victory. So, just after the battle of Fredericksburg, December 21st, 1862, General Lee said, in an address to his troops, " The Bignal manifestations of Divine mercy that have distinguished the eventful and glorious campaign of the year just closing, give assurance of hope that, under tlie guidance of the same Almighty hand, the coming year will be no less fruitful of events that will insure the safety, peace, and happiness of our beloved country, and add new lustre to the already imperish able name of the Army of Northern Virginia." And at the close of the battle of Chancellorville, General Lee reported to Davis that his army had " succeeded, by the blessing of Heaven, in driving Sedgwick over the river." A few days after he issued an address to his army, recommending " that the troops unite on Sunday next in ascribing to the Lord of Hosts the glory due his name." And Jefferson Davis, at Richmond, responded to a message from Lee just then: "I have received your dis patch, and reverently unite with you in giving praise to God for the success with which he has crowned our arms." They were indeed very grateful ! But how much better if even then they had stopped to consider whether, according to the prin ciples of justice, God was leading them to triumph or ultimate destruction. Which did they the most respect, God's sove reignty or State sovereignty — the higher or the lower law ? It is true that the issues of the war up to the close of the year 1862, and even to the battle of Chancellorville, were not very promising in themselves for an ultimate Northern victory. Nevertheless there was no ground for despair; justice in the contest plainly stood on the side of the North, and yet the North was not so guiltless as to need no chastisement. To that time God had after all ruled the rebellion in the interests of freedom.* There are two departments in the Divine provi- * A portion of the few following pages was published by the author of this book in the Wisconsin JPuritan of December, 1862, and was preached to his people on the annual Thanksgiving Day of the previous month. The sentiments contained are the more significant on account of the early date of their expression. 366 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. dential government. In one, God directly rules to bring certain events to pass, with an entire approbation and institution of all the means to accomplish the desired object. In the other, while not destroying free agency, nor preventing all evil, he so circumscribes and overrules the evil, as to make it serve a good object. One of his modes of this latter kind of govern ment is, to allow bad men to have their own way and take their own course, within certain bounds, until they either see and loathe the mischief themselves, or others see it and turn against them. Another kind of the latter mode is, putting selfishness against selfishness, selfish men against selfish men, selfish plans against selfish plans, until in some defeat produc tive good is secured. At first the founders of this Government left the root of slavery in the Constitution. The gift of their free agency was such a towering possession that God did not see it best to go farther then and there to change their deed. The tares grew, grew mightily. Apostacy came, it would flood the land. Men's minds were perverted. They consented to the iniquity though infamy to themselves. Treason lay concealed in the body politic for long years. She nestled in Senate Chambers and Representative Halls ; she plotted far away in Southern studios, and on Southern plantations. At last her denoue ment came ; she burst forth hydra-headed and Briarian-armed upon the land. It was the day of her victory, and yet the day of her destruction. Too speedy victory to our Northern forces would surely have brought a compromise with slavery and an immensely lengthened lease to its existence. We at the North needed to be called back from our unfaithfulness to freedom. God in his compassionate rule, would not let us bury ourselves in ostentatious delight in our sins. So nigh to complete triumph did he allow the rebellion to go, that it could leave behind no reserve strength for future years, and that the danger to our own freedom and to humanity might fully appear. Come to a nearer view. We too soon forget the perilous state of the country, just at the eve of President Lincoln's, first administration. The plotters of treason at the South had long confidently calculated that in the event of showing their GOD'S RULE OF THE REBELLION. 36*7 designs, they would have large and influential support at the North. Division at the North was pledged to them by some ; while others were interpreted as on their side. So they understood Mr. Fillmore in 1856. Then, also, some of Mr. Buchanan's friends pledged the aid of Pennsylvania to the South in case of rupture. In the Charleston Convention of 1860, 20,000 men from New Jersey were promised to the South ; and Fernando Wood sagely intimated that the city of New York should go also. In these circumstances came the Presidential election of 1860. Mr. Lincoln was made President, not by the majority, only by the plurality. Two large parties had opposed his being made Chief Magistrate. Between his election and in auguration, ^j,nd afterward, many of both those parties, and some of his own also, combined in the endeavor to draw forth from his administration another compromise with the South, that should give one-half of all the United States territories to slavery forever. This they did as the only method they saw of preserving the Union and averting civil war. Many of the leaders of the Republican party were openly in favor of amend ing the Constitution by inserting a guarantee that slavery, wherever existing, should never thereafter be molested, not even in territories or the District of Columbia. It is certain that if in that state of things a 'rupture among loyalists had occurred .in consequence of some overt, even though constitutional act of the Administration, the North would have been hopelessly divided and the Union probably destroyed. If even then the policy and intent of the Govern ment for emancipation had been proclaimed as certain to be taken in case of the offences which were afterward committed by the South, so wrong and untaught were the principles and sensibilities of a great portion of the North, that division and ruin would have been the result. So God kept men in ignor ance of the future, and suffered not rulers themselves to know or to foreshadow what would be their future acts. Meanwhile the rebellion, having robbed the public treasury and arsenals, and suborned many public servants in high trust, was strutting forth in Southern forts and marts, forbidding free 368 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. speech, denying liberty of person, and coercing loyalists into her perjured ranks, or hanging them on the next tree. The all-seeing God was about to overrule great wickedness for good. Therefore he let the pride and madness of the South , run on without check or hindrance. At length the vial of wrath was filled by the bombardment of Fort Sumter. With the fall of Sumter it was ventured to call for 75,000 men, not with the expressed purpose of putting down the rebellion, but to retake and re-occupy the stolen fortresses of the Union. The call was answered by four times 75,000 ; but still there was the wide-spread stipulation in the public mind, especially among army officers, that the military force should in no way help toward the emancipation of slaves or the destruction of slavery. Men were maddened at the suggestion that such might be the tendency, maddened at the statement that slavery was even the leading cause of the rebellion. Public speakers figured around it — even some ministers tried their brains to make it out that there were other sins, and not slavery, that had brought this judgment of civil war upon us. The Generals went forth with the 300,000 men, and the most that many ,a 10,000 and 20,000 force did, was to guard rebel property and return fugitive slaves. Many of the public authorities seemed determined to make the army a better slave-catching police than had ever existed before, as a bait to the South for the suppression of the rebellion in ninety days, and a kind of self-consistency with previous pro-slavery senti ments. And what if the first 75,000 or 300,000 army had sufficed ? What if the treason had yielded in ninety days, or twice or four times ninety days? Would God's objects in suffering the rebellion have been accomplished? What if the Union forces had been successful at the first battle of Bull Run ? How soon should we have complacently settled down into grosser wickedness than before, and given slavery greater immunities than all previous compromises had done. And yet how near we came to a martial victory and moral defeat even there. Through all the former part of that bloody battle we were triumphant. And we might possibly have been even aftet Johnson's reinforcements came, but for the persistent blind god's rule of the rebellion. 369 ness and deception of one Union officer, who insisted that he recognized Unionists in the approaching fresh rebel troops. The cannoniers were stationed ; they wished and asked to fire, 'and by raking and incessant shots might have blown the reinforcing rebels to atoms. But God suffered that man's eyes to be blinded, and we were saved from a peace that would not haVe been in the interests of freedom. The contraband question arose, which, like the famed ghost, would not down, and after the defeat of Bull Run we made the astonishing advance of a Congressional act confiscating the property of rebels, even slave property actually used in aid of the rebellion. We had at length a mighty army on the Potomac. And if that General was tardy and over cautious, why did not God quicken him to move on Manassas and Richmond ? Because he would not help us out of our difficulty until we were ready to do justice to others as well as to ourselves. After the battle of Fair Oaks, we were nigh to victory at the Seven Days' battles, before the rebel capital. But an uneasy hair-brained commander of a company of horse, being sure that he could whip the whole South, without orders rushed in with his troops right in front of our powerful cannon just as the rebels made a dash upon our forces, and the cannoniers wishing not to fire upon our men did not fire upon the enemy, and then began the famous but melancholy retreat to James River. But for that event the decision after all might have been to make an advance at the right time on Richmond But while the Lord was ruling the rebellion on the one side so as not to give our Government at that time a final conquest, he was just as provident not to give traitors a triumph that would insure the preservation of slavery. How carefully he guarded our Chief Magistrate against the power of sworn and bloody men, in his journey to the capital of the land ! How he overawed and held back the rebel troops from sacking and burning our capital city, when the event lay in their power as a child in the cradle lies in your power ! How he moved upon those in charge of the Monitor in New York, urging their minds forward to provision and store that steamer for her first trip, and hurriedly to set sail without sailing orders, so as to 24 370 WISCONSIN in the war. reach the Merrimac just in time to cut short her career of terrible devastation. So the Lord kept loyalty and rebellion somewhat evenly balanced, that while there should be the waving to and fro of the fierce and bloody crash of arms, the great moral lessons of the war should be pondered by the people, and a climax of sen timent finally be obtained that would sustain an emancipation proclamation when made, and would press our Chief Magis trate to make it. The border State sentiment was feared. For this reason Fremont's proclamation was modified and Hunter's annulled. But such was the progress of public sentiment that Delaware soon voted for a Republican Governor and Republican Con gressmen ; Maryland elected a Unionist Governor and Unionist Legislature, and she turned away with a shudder from the rebel army that visited her soil in the autumn of 1862. Missouri changed, and soon sent emancipation representatives to her Legislature and to Congress. God could not give a total route to the enemy at Antietam, because the rebellion had not yet driven people and President to the deed of emancipation. Whether the failure to achieve a more decided victory there was owing to the inertness of the General commanding, or to the influence of the majority of his subordinate generals, or merely to the misinformation concerning the enemy obtained from a single captured rebel soldier — with either supposition God would not move forward to obviate the difficulty. Chagrin and sorrow to the Adminis tration and to the nation on account of the escape of the enemy, were yet necessary to inspire with sufficient spirit and courage for the act of emancipation, and especially to let us loose from the overawing influence of the border slave States. And yet there was success enough to our arms in that battle to cause the President to fulfil his vow to God to make the Proclama tion, and to cause the people on all sides to respect it when it came. Many said that two-thirds of the officers of the army, and three-fourths of the soldiers, would throw down their arms at the announcement of the emancipation scheme; but the army was immediately stronger in faith and moral vigor than ever before. GOD'S RULE OP THE REBELLION. 371 The great mass of the nation thus verging toward freedom, more resolution and energy were needed at the central power. Adverse elections added to a defiant and bitter enemy in front the discovery of a plotting and dangerous opposition in the rear. Now selfishness and self-preservation, as well as patriotism and philanthropy, demanded of the Administration a forward and determined course. The border State elections encouraged the venture of emancipation. The Northern elec tions .were not so adverse as to hazard the scheme for emanci pation, yet were sufficiently adverse to prompt dependence on friends and forbid flattering attentions on enemies. Finally, we were so near the first of January as not to have the emanci pation proclamation prevented by the suppressing of the rebel lion, and yet so far off from January as to call mightily for the Aarons and the Hurs, and for all the righteous ones for wrhose sake God might save the nation. Abroad, Mr. Gladstone, in England, made a speech to obtain recognition of the Confederacy, and that obliged the ministry to declare against it. Emperor Napoleon tried to get a medi ation by a mighty triple power, and that compelled two of the three powers to publicly refuse it. In all this there was a rapid and mighty change in public opinion and a glorious march of divine Providence. Such a change never occurs in favor of iniquity. The quick changes in human sentiment are for the right. A retrograde in moral opinions never has so rapid a descent. God has put too many breaks upon man's moral nature ever to allow it. There existed, then, God's rule of the rebellion in the interest of freedom, and Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis were false interpreters of divine Providence. The emancipation proclamation of President Lincoln was so important an agency in suppressing the rebellion, that it can not properly be withheld from any history of our country, or of even a single State, at that time. PROCLAMATION. I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States of America, and Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy thereof, do hereby pro claim and declare : 372 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. That hereafter, as heretofore, the war will be prosecuted for the object of practically restoring the constitutional relations between the United States and the people thereof, in which States that relation is or may be suspended or disturbed ; That it is my purpose, upon the next meeting of Congress, again to recommend the adoption of a practical measure tendering pecuniary aid to the free acceptance or rejection of all the slave States, so called, the people whereof may not then be in rebellion against the United States, and which States may have voluntarily adopted and hereafter may voluntarily adopt the immediate or gradual abolishment of slavery within their respective limits ; and that the efforts to colonize persons of African descent, with their consent, upon this continent or else where, with the previously obtained consent of the governments exist ing there, will be continued. On the first day of January of the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be thenceforward and forever free ; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or act's to repress such persons, or any of them, in the efforts they may make for actual freedom. That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, issue a proclamation designating States or parts of States in which the people thereof respectively will be in rebellion against the United States. The fact that any people thereof shall, on that day, be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by mem bers chosen therein at elections wherein a majority of qualified electors of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and people have not been in rebellion against the United States. Attention is hereby called to an act of Congress entitled "An Act to make an additional Article of "War," approved March 13, 1862 : Be it enacted by the Senate and Rouse of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That hereafter the following shall be promulgated as an addi tion article of war for the government of the army of the United States, and shall be obeyed and observed as such: Article — . All officers in the military or naval service of the United States are prohibited from employing any of the forces under their respective commands for the purpose of returning fugitives from service or labor, who may have escaped from any person to whom such service or labor is claimed to be due, and any officer who shall be found guilty by a court-martial of violating this article shall be dis missed from the service. Section 2. And be it further enacted, That this act shall take effect from and after its passage. Attention is also directed to the 9th and 10th sections of an act entitled " An Act to suppress Insurrection, to punish Treason and Rebellion, to seize and confiscate the property of Rebels, and for other purposes," approved July 17th, 1862, and which sections are in the words- and figures following : GOD'S RULE OP THE REBELLION. 373 Section 9. And be it fwrther enacted, That all slaves of persons who shall here after be engaged in rebellion against the government of the United States, or who shall in any way givo aid or comfort thereto, escaping from such persons, and taking refuge within the lines of the army; and all slaves captured from such persons, or deserted by them, and coming under the control of the government of tho United States; and all slaves of such persons found on [or] being within any place occupied by rebel forces, and afterwards occupied by forces of the United States, shall be deemed captives of war, and shall be forever free of their servitude, and not again held as slaves. Section 10. And be it fwrther enacted, That no slave escaping into any State, Territory, or the District of Columbia, from any other State, shall be delivered up, or in any way impeded or hindered of his liberty, except for crime, or some offence against the laws, unless the person claiming said fugitive shall first make oath that the person to whom the service of such fugitive is alleged to be due is his lawful owner, and has not borne arms against the United States in the present rebellion, nor in any way given aid or comfort thereto; and no person engaged in the mili tary or naval service of the United States shall, under any pretence whatever, assume to decide on the validity of the claim of any person to the service or labor of any other person, or surrender up any such person to the claimant, on pain of being dismissed from the service. And I do hereby enjoin upon, and order ah persons engaged in the military and naval service of the United States to observe, obey and enforce, within their respective spheres of service, the act and sections above recited ; and the Executive will in due time recommend that all citizens of the United States who have remained loyal thereto through out the rebellion shall, upon the restoration of the constitutional rela tions between the United States and their respective States and people, if the relation shall have been suspended or disturbed, be compensated for all losses by acts of the United States, including the loss of slaves. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the great seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of "Washington, this, the 22d day of September, in the year of pur Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, and of the Independence of the United States, the 87th. (Signed) Abraham Lincoln. "Wm. H. Sewabd, Secretary of State. The action of Congress was very properly embraced in the foregoing. On the first of the succeeding new year the Presi dent's threat to rebels, his promise to loyalists, was made good by the following : THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. J3y the President of the United States of America. Whereas, On the 22d day of September, in the year of our Lord 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing among other things the following, to wit : That, on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof 374 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be thence forth and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recog nize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any effort they may make for their actual freedom ; that the Executive will on the first day of January aforesaid, issue a proclamation designating the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people therein respectively shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith repre sented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not in rebellion against the United States. Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, in a time of actual armed rebellion against the authority of the Government of the United States, as a fit and neces sary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly pro claimed for the full period of one hundred days from the date of the first above mentioned order, designate as the States and parts of States therein, the people whereof respectively are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit : Arkansas, Texas and Louisiana (except the parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemine, Jeffer son, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre bonne, La Pourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Acco- mac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this Proclamation were not issued ; and by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within the designated States, and parts of States, are and henceforward shall be free ; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of the said persons ; and I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence ; and I recommend to them that in all cases where allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages ; and I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States, to garrison forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And upon this, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God. GOD'S RULE OF THE REBELLION. 375 In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the city of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh. (Signed) Abraham Lincoln. By the President : Wm. H. Sewabd, Secretary of State." The history of the war subsequent to this proclamation will show, that when the nation began to execute it according to the power they had, more power and success were given them; not so much or so fast as to foster pride and tempt them to forget the God of their fathers, but enough to make " onward" their watchword, and final victory over the rebellion and their enemies the ripened and well-prized fruit. CHAPTER X. THE IRON BRIGADE. , THE IRON BRIGADE FROM ANTIETAM TO GETTYSBVRG. — ON THE MARYLAND SIDE OF THE .POTOMAC, CROSS TO VIRGINIA, PROCEED TO FALMOUTH, — rBATTLE CIF FREDERIC KSBURG, GO INTO WINTER QUAR TERS, THE " MUD CAMPAIGN," CHANGE IN COMMANDERS, GLOOM IN THE ARMY, FORAGE EXPEDITIONS, BATTLE OF CHANCELLORVILLE^ ENGAGEMENT AT BRANDY STATION, GENERAL MEADE TAKES COM MAND, APPROACH TO GETTYSBURG. The next day after the battle of Antietam, September 19th, the Iron Brigade moved to the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, and encamped. Here they rested until the 20th of October, keeping a watch over the rebels on the opposite side of the river. At that date their camp was removed seven miles to Bakersville, from which place they marched on the 26th, by way of Keedysville and Crampton's Gap, twenty miles, to Petersville, in Middle- town Valley, where they camped the next day. October 30th, they crossed the Potomac at Berlin, and marched through Sniokersville and Bloomfield to "Warrenton, which they reached on the 6th of November, a distance of sixty-two miles. On the 11th they moved six miles to Fayetteville. On the 17th the brigade moved, by way of Morrisville and Stafford Court House, thirty miles, to Brooks' Station, on the Aquia Creek Kailroad, where they encamped on the 22d. Colonel Cutler, on the 5th of this month, had taken command of the brigade, and retained it until after their arrival at Brooks' Station, when General Meredith assumed command. On the 9th of December they participated in the movement immediately preceding the battle of Fredericksburg, and the history of the brigade from that date to December 20th, is the iron brigade. 3.77 grouped with the account of that battle in the eighth chapter of this second part. On the 20th they moved toward Belle Plain, Virginia, twelve miles distant, and on the 23rd went into winter quarters at that place. There they built huts, about seven by ten feet in size, of pine logs, with shelter tents for roofing, and with fire-places and chimneys made of sticks and mud. The Potomac was before them covered with sail vessels and steamers. Of the movement on January 20th, Lieutenant Noble writes in his diary, " An anxious public at the North, and ambitious politicians, continue to clamor and censure the failures of the army of the Potomac so loudly, that it becomes necessary for Burnside to attempt a winter's campaign." At noon of that day, the brigade broke camp and moved out with three days' rations, to participate in what, the soldiers have since called the " Mud Campaign." They proceeded to Stoneman's Switch, on the Aquia Creek Railroad. A cold rain, with north-east wind, had set in, and some of our men, engaged in guarding trains, marched till near midnight, and then, Wet and chilly, remained till morning, without fire or shelter. The rain and mud prevented the success of the attempt to attack the enemy in force, and by the advice of a majority of the generals in a council of war,, the campaign was abandoned, and the Iron Brigade returned to camp, after a very toilsome and vexatious march of forty miles. The want of success in the army, now under command of General Burnside, and especially during this last movement, caused a general feeling of discouragement among the troops. The order, soon after published, announcing that General Hooker had been appointed to the command of the "Army of the Potomac," caused no emotion or demonstration among the men. Changes had become so common that they gave them but little heed. Deep gloom had settled upon the men of that army who had fought and marched so long and bravely j while all their labor and blood seemed to them to have been wasted. But the furnace of trial was good for., the nation. Generals Burnside, Sumner, and Franklin were relieved from their respective commands, and General Hooker was placed at the head of the army. 878 WISCONSIN IN THE war. On the 12th of February, at two in the afternoon, the Second and Sixth Regiments left camp, under command of Colonel Fairchild, embarked at Pratt's Landing, and sailed down the Potomac. They landed the following day, at noon, at Cone River, in Northumberland County, and marched to Heaths- ville, the county seat, five miles distant, and returned the same evening to the river. The next day, after gathering a large number of horses, mules, grain, bacon, and negroes, from neighboring plantations, and taking several secessionists pris oners, they sent a party overland with some animals, and returned by steamer to camp with a large amount of what the soldiers called "plunder." March 12th, Adelbert Staley, Company F, Seventh Regi ment, whose parents resided in Portage City, came to his death in this singular manner. He went with his tentmates to cut and bring wood into camp. On their return he was loaded with a very heavy stick on his shoulder, and as he was crossing a rut on a fooklog he fell, striking one side of his head on the log, and the stick he was carrying falling with him, struck him on the other side of the head, and between the two his skull was crushed. He was reported as " a good, brave, and faithful soldier." He had passed through battles and campaigns of great danger and moment^ and died by accident, lamented by many. March 25th, the Second Regiment, under Colonel Fairchild, embarked on an expedition by steamboat to the " Hague," on lower Machodoc Creek, in Westmoreland County, Virginia, whence they returned on the 28th with many negroes, bringing large quantities of grain and provisions, princi pally obtained on the plantation of Mr. Willoughby Newton, a member of the Confederate Congress. On the 4th of April, the tattered flag of the Sixth Regiment was returned to Madi son, where it was exchanged for a new one, while the old one was carefully laid aside among the archives of the State. On the 9th their corps was reviewed by President Lincoln, Gene ral Hooker, and Secretary Seward, accompanied by several prominent ladies; and on the 22d Governor Salomon visited our brigade and addressed them. April 28th, the army under General Hooker received once THE IRON BRIGADE. 379 more the order, " Forward," and the battle of Chancellorville followed, an account of which, embracing the part taken by the Iron Brigade, has been given in the eighth chapter. After the battle, May 6th, they retired across the Rappahannock, and on the 7th marched to Fitz Hugh's Crossing. On the 21st of May the brigade was hurried away to the " Northern Neck," to relieve the Eighth Illinois cavalry, which was reported to be cut off by the enemy. At Westmoreland Court House they met those troops, and returned to camp on the 27th, after a march of one hundred and twenty miles. On the 7th of June the Seventh Regiment, in company with Companies A and I of the Second, was ordered by General Reynolds to proceed to Kelly's Ford, where it arrived and bivouacked on the 8th. A cavalry reeonnoissance and battle took place at Brandy Station on the 9th. Our Wis consin troops supported the cavalry all day, and afterward recrossed the river at Beverly's Ford. It was reported, that at this point General Hooker first learned of General Lee's intended movement north. On the morning of the 27th, the news came that General Hooker was relieved from command, and that General George G. Meade was made his successor. July 1st, the brigade moved cautiously to within a mile of Gettysburg, and many a man of their number was there near his end. CHAPTER XI. BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. COMB ANY G, FROM ITS ORIGIN TO GETTYSBVRG.— IT8 FORMATION, AT WEEHAWKEN, AT WASHINGTON, IN THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN, ; YORKTOWN, BATTLE OF HANOVER COURT HOUSE, "SEVEN DAYS' BATTLES," MANASSAS AND ANTIETAM, SNICKER'S GAP, — FREDER ICKSBURG, BATTLE AT "THE CEDARS," CHANCELLORVILLE, TO GETTYSBURG. Company G, of the Berdan Sharp-shooters, was raised in Wis consin, in September, 1861, in response to a call from Colonel Berdan, of New York, for a company of sharp-shooters from each loyal State. Special authority to recruit the same was given by the United States Government. The history of this company has been faithfully written by Captain C. A. Stevens,. who was a member of the company during its whole period of service, except while detailed once to return to Wisconsin to obtain recruits. He was at great pains to write and pre serve a minute and correct history, a portion of which was published in the Fox Lake Record, and Colonel Berdan him self, having read the narrative, says of it, " The statements are correct so far as I know, and the articles are well written." That narrative is followed closely in this account, and the language sometimes borrowed. " As it was intended to procure the best marksmen possible for this organization, it was ordered that ' no man be accepted who cannot, when firing at a rest, at two hundred yards, put ten consecutive shots in a target, the average distance not to exceed five inches from the centre of the bull's eye." The arms to be used were rifles, and each man was allowed to furnish his BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. 381 own, but must justify his selection by the performance of the weapon in his own hands. W. P. Alexander, of Beloit, a noted marksman, having been appointed recruiting officer for the purpose of raising the company called for, proceeded to different parts of the State, where trials of skill were allowed and reported. He finally returned to Madison, where proper target grounds were pre pared, and at which place a greater part of the members of the company were examined and accepted. On the 3rd of September, 1861, the first members of the company were sworn into the State service, and others were sworn in daily during their stay at Camp Randall. The candidates for admission into the company were allowed to shoot with any rifle they saw fit, with different kinds of sights — telescopic, globe, and open. On the 18th, the officers of the company were elected as follows : Captain — W. P. Alexander, of Beloit ; 1st Lieuten ant — F. E. Marble, Beloit; 2d Lieutenant — C. F. Shepard, Stoughton. Having been ordered to report at the rendezvous at Wee* hawken, New Jersey, the company, uniformed in the " State gray," left Madison, about eighty strong, on the l'9th, at noon, and after a pleasant and orderly trip, arrived at " Camp Blair," Weehawken, where several New Yorkers joined the company. On the 23rd they proceeded to New York city, underwent medical examination, and were mustered into the United States service by Captain Larned, returning the same day to the rendezvous. On the 24th, Edward Drew, of Buffalo, New York, was chosen captain by the company vice Alex ander, who returned to the State for more recruits, he being unable, from lameness, to take the field; after which they proceeded to the Camp of Instruction at Washington, District of Columbia, where they arrived on the 25th. On the 5th of November twenty-five recruits arrived, under charge of Cap tain Alexander, who turned over the same to Captain Drew. The total of the company was now one hundred and seven. The first regiment of United States Sharp-shooters was com posed of ten companies, which arrived at different times, 382 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. during the occupation of the Camp of Instruction, and repre sented the following States: Company A — Swiss, of New York; B^-Eastern New York; C — Michigan; D — Central New York; E — New Hampshire; F — Vermont; G — Wis consin ; II — Long Islanders (New York) ; I — Michigan ; K — Michigan. In the target practice, under the supervision of Colonel Berdan, great improvement was evinced in the marks manship of the men. The colonel was himself a noted shot, and had put himself to the test on many occasions before crowds of people. One of his targets was situated at a dis tance of one hundred and ten rods (six hundred and five yards), and he frequently put five successive shots within the ten-inch ring, using the telescope rifle. But two companies in the regiment; — E, of New Hampshire, and C, of Michigan — were armed, having target rifles of different descriptions, weighing from twelve to thirty pounds, the others waiting for Sharp's Improved Rifle, which had been ordered. In conse quence of not having guns, the Wisconsin company had but little practice, and that with such rifles as could be borrowed from the other companies. The company were fortunate in having elected Captain Drew, by reason of his superior mili tary knowledge. And it was not long before they were in an excellent state of discipline. They were reviewed late in the fall by General McDowell, and visited by Governor Randall, of Wisconsin, and others. Considerable sickness prevailed during the winter, which was a very unfavorable one, and several deaths occurred in the Wisconsin company. During the month of February a recruiting party, consist ing of a lieutenant and two non-commissioned officers, was ordered to Wisconsin. The uniform of the regiment consisted of dark green coat and cap, with light blue trowsers; they carried a hair-covered calf-knapsack, which was considered the beet in use, and was well packed with extra clothing, blankets, and the like. On the 21st of March, 1862, they left Washington, and pro ceeding to Fortress Monroe, were assigned to General Fitz John Porter's division, and took their place in the " Army of the Potomac," then concentrating; for an attack on Richmond. BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. 383 During the "Peninsular Campaign" they were not attached to any brigade. In the reconnoissance to Great Bethel, Va., on the 27th of March, they were under fire for the first time. They accompanied the army from Hampton towards York- town, and took part in the skirmish at Cockletown on the 14th of April, and marched twenty-four miles in the first day's advance. From the time they reached Yorktown until it was evacuated by the enemy they were constantly in the rifle pits, the regiment being divided into companies and detachments, and sent to different points on the line for special duty. On the night of May 1st, a detail was sent out from Company G to select an advanced position for new rifle pits. While silently creeping along in the dark up to within forty paces of the rebel rifle pits on their hands and knees, they were discovered by the enemy and fired upon, one of their number, Joseph Durkee, being killed, whose body was afterwards discovered and buried by his comrades while on a scouting expedition. The next morning after the evacuation of Yorktown, General Jennison, with Sergeant Major Horton, of the Sharp-shooters regiment, and five picked men of Company G, proceeded, under cover of some Massachusetts troops, to enter the works. They cautiously approached, fearing the rebels had not yet left, and scaled the embankment, finding one Confederate soldier, a sergeant, who belonged in New York, and while in the South on business, had been pressed into the rebel service. He concealed himself when the works were evacuated, and surrendered to the Federals, cautioning the first party which entered the fort against concealed torpedoes. The company moved with the army up the Peninsula on the 7th of May, received their new. Sharp's rifles on the 8th, and encamped at West Point on the 9th. They were frequently employed as skirmishers, but took part in no important action until the 27th of May, when, after a march of eighteen miles through a drizzling rain, they reached the scene of action, near Hanover Court House, a little after noon. In this battle they skirmished, were under deadly fire, aided in capturing a cannon, took some prisoners, and with other troops thoroughly repulsed the enemy, under General Branch, of North Carolina, who attacked the Federal 384 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. rear. The next day our forces buried a large number of the dead, and found that they had captured seven hundred and fifty prisoners. Corporal H. N. Richardson, of Company G, was wounded. Private B. D. Atwell, of Madison, a youth eighteen years of age, with Eli Vincent, pushing forward in the dense woods, found a chance to shoot from behind a tree, when, as Atwell was about to fire, he looked back and dis covered three rebels capping their guns, with their backs toward him. Rushing close up to them, he resolutely ordered them to throw down their arms. They instantly obeyed, and turning around replied, " We are your prisoners." The trio consisted of a second lieutenant, an orderly sergeant, and a private. He shouldered their guns and marched them to the rear some two miles, to the provost guard. The next day they marched to camp at Gaines' Mills, and during the month, the regiment being broken up into detach ments, Companies G and C, commanded by Captain Drew, were sent to General Slocum's division, and with that moved to Fair Oaks, and back to Mechanicsville. While here, their principal duty was to furnish details for pickets to scout along the line of advanced sentinels. In the battle of Mechanics ville the sharp-shooters were engaged as skirmishers on the extreme right of the army, close to the Chickahominy swamp, but sustained only trifling loss. The next day they took part in the battle of Gaines' Mills, Company G being among the last to cross the Chickahominy on the retreat, late at night, and on the 28th of June were exposed to artillery fire while protecting the pioneers in obstructing the road. In the after noon of the 30th they were ordered forward, and took part in the battle of Charles City Cross Roads. Here they suffered severely from a flank fire — caused by the hasty retreat of a regiment in their front — but held their position, although run over by a retreating regiment, losing five killed and seven wounded and prisoners. It Was here that their gallant Cap tain Drew was killed ; also Sergeants Joel Parker and James W. Staples, and Privates Lyman L. Thompson and George Lanning. " Parker was the first man shot, being killed on the slope, while on his knees preparing to fire ; having been shot through BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. 385 the head. He was sergeant of the celebrated Badger Scouts, noted for the conspicuous part they enacted in the movements before Yorktown, prior to the evacuation of the place by the enemy. He was a brave and impulsive soldier, and a good marksman. " Staples was a soldier of excellent disposition and good judgment, and was unexcelled in true manly qualities, in his company. He was shot through the body. " Captain Drew was shot immediately* after Parker, and also through the head. He had just turned to look at Parker, after the latter had fallen, and while in the act of reloading a rifle which he had obtained'from a sick man, and was using,' received the fatal bullet. In Captain Drew's death, the com pany and regiment sustained a great loss. He was a cool and brave-hearted man, and died fighting to the last, having rallied his command after the stampede of the troops in the front." He was noted for Christian principle, kindness of heart, cau tion, but bravery in danger, and true patriotism. The company was afterward ordered back to the neighboring woods, where they continued doing good service. Private Henry Lye, of Madison, captured several prisoners in the woodsr among them a lieutenant colonel, and in dangerous circumstances admirably secured him. Early on the-' 1st of July they arrived at Turkey Bend, near which place in the afternoon and night, the battle of Malvern Hill was fought, in which the Sharp-shooters lost considerably in killed and wounded, among the latter, Lieutenant Colonel W. S. W. Ripley. At Harrison's Landing General Salomon issued commissions. as follows : Captain, Frank E. Marble, vice Drew, killed. First lieutenant, Charles F. Shepard, vice Marble, promoted. Second lieutenant, C. A. Stevens, vice Shepard, promoted to rank from July 4th, 1862. Sergeant Benson was then promoted to be first sergeant, and the other vacancies were afterward filled. On the 16th of July, Company G lost Sergeant Shepherd K. Melvin — greatly respected by his comrades — who died in regimental hospital, of fever, the result of fatigue and exposure. Previous to the commencement of the " Seven Days," he had been one of the heartiest members of the company. He was 25 386 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the oldest of three brothers, one of whom, the youngest, died a few weeks previous, and the other, Oliver E. Melvin, being greatly reduced by sickness, was afterward discharged. A number of the sick were now hurried off northward, being greatly reduced, and who would no doubt, in a majority of cases, have died on the banks of the James, had not the change been made. On the 12th of August, the Major General commanding, McClellan, reviewed the troops, and on appearing before the handful of Sharp-shooters left of the detachments com posed of the Wisconsin and Michigan companies, expressed much sorrow at their losses ; their ranks being greatly thinned by the casualties of the battle-field and sickness. Riding close up to the detachment, he shook his head, and said to one of his aids : " It's too bad, I know ! but they're good, what's left of them ! " On the 14th of August, proceeding by way of Yorktown and Hampton, they reached Newport News, and embarking, landed at Aquia Creek on the 20th, and immediately went forward to Fredericksburg. They moved again on the 24th, and marching by way of Warrenton Junction and Catlett's Station, engaged in skirmishing near Manassas on the 29th, and took part in the battle of Bull Bun, the 30th and 31st, as skir mishers, during which nine of them were wounded. After the battle they fell back to Centreville, and arrived in the vicinity of Washington September 1st, camping near Fort Corcoran. September 12th, they left this camp with the fifth corps, passed through Boonsborough on the 16th, and were present at the battle of Antietam, though they took no active part in it. On the 19th they marched with their corps through Sharpsburg to Blackburn's Ford, on the Potomac, and skir mished with the rear guard of the rebels. The next morning, at the crossing and recrossing of the Federals, the Sharp shooters were of great service in covering their movements, being posted in a dry. canal, and were highly commended for their conduct on this occasion. They remained at Sharpsburg, Maryland, until October 30th, when they marched toward Harper's Ferry, crossed the Potomac there on the 31st, and moving toward Warrenton, BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. 387 arrived on the evening of the 2d of, November at Snicker's Gap. Here they went out on/ picket duty, climbed the mountain, and notwithstanding the dangers of the ascent from slipping and rolling to the bottom, owing to the darkness that pre vailed, they finally succeeded in getting safely to the summit, and" were stationed for the night. The next day they left their elevated position, and descending to the foot, moved on to Warrenton, where General Burnside took command of the army. Leaving about the 12th of November, they arrived at Falmouth on the 23rd, and went into camp some two miles from town, where they remained until December the 11th, when they received sixty rounds of ammunition and marching orders. Their part in the battle of Fredericksburg is grouped with sketches of other Wisconsin troops, in the eighth chapter. On the last day of the year, they were near Ellis' Ford, twenty miles west of Fredericksburg, and there protected cavalry in crossing the river, crossed themselves and recrossed, skirmishing with the rebels and driving them some nine miles, and on the first day of the new year skirmished back to their old camp near Falmouth. After taking their part in the " Mud Campaign," under the direction of General Hooker, the second regiment of Sharp-shooters was united to the first, forming a brigade, and Colonel Berdan was appointed " Chief." They were the third brigade of the third division, General Whipple, commander, and of the third army corps, commanded by General Sickles. An account of their services at the battle of Chancellorville is transferred to the description in the eighth chapter. But in that short campaign the Sharp-shooters had one battle alone — that of " The Cedars." In their rapid and varied move ments through woods and clearings, on the 2d of May, just after passing the Third Wisconsin, of the twelfth corps, they came upon a body of the enemy, and fell into a hot engage ment, pushing back the rebels, capturing sixty in one squad, putting many more to a confused flight, and, finally, fifty Wis consin and other troops capturing the Twenty-fifth Georgia Regiment in a railroad cut. Private John Ross, a German, of 388 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Milwaukee, made a spirited dash and captured a wealthy citi zen of Fredericksburg, with his horse and buggy. But at night they found themselves cut off from the other Union forces, and failed to make connection with them until the hard fighting" of the next day. And in that engagement about eighty of their number, acting as skirmishers, fell suddenly upon a body of the enemy in a thick wood, and in their eagerness charged upon them with unfixed bayonets, compelling them to retire. It was afterward ascertained that this was the celebrated " Stonewall Brigade," who boasted that they had never been driven before. On the 11th of June the third division was consolidated with the first and second, the Sharp-shooters being assigned to the second brigade. They left Falmouth the same day with the army, crossing the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, and proceed ing by way of Point of Rocks, Frederick City, and Emmits- burg, arrived at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the evening of July 1st. CHAPTER XII. NINETEENTH AND TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO GETTYSBURG. FORMATION OF THE NINE TEENTH, ROSTER, GUARDING REBEL PRISONERS, MOVEMENT TO THE POTOMAC, TO THE PENINSULA, EXPERIENCE AT NORFOLK AND PORTS MOUTH, HEAVY MARCHING AND FATIGUE DUTY, PERSONAL INCIDENTS, SICKNESS, AT NEWPORT NEWS. TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, FOR MATION, GERMAN ELEMENT, MOVEMENT TO WASHINGTON, IN GEN ERAL SIGEL'S COMMAND, MARCH TO FREDERICKSBURG,— Battle ofChan- eellorville, MOVEMENT TO GETTYSBURG. The Nineteenth and Twenty-sixth Wisconsin Infantry had each an early eastern history, though not a common or joint one. They were, the only Wisconsin Regiments, between the Seventh and Thirty-sixth, that went to the Eastern Depart ment. So much of their history is comprised in the earlier part of the war, that an account of each should be given here. NINETEENTH INFANTRY. The War Department commissioned Horace T. Sanders, a lawyer of Racine, as colonel, on the 11th of November, 1861, that he might raise and organize the Nineteenth Wisconsin Infantry. It was called an " Independent " regiment, the colonel not having, as is usual, received his commission from the Governor of the State, although Governor Randall approved the appointment. Colonel Sanders was an old resident of Racine, a man of untiring energy, and undoubted courage. 390 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The regiment rendezvoused at Racine, and the men were mustered into the United States service as fast as enlisted. On December 31st, Alvin E. Bovay, a prominent lawyer of Ripon, was appointed major, and January 8th, 1862, Charles Whipple, a well-known steamboat captain, from Eau Claire, was ap pointed lieutenant colonel. Many of both officers and men had already served in the army. By a general order from the War Department, on the 21st of February, all independent organizations, as such, were abolished, which placed this upon the same footing as other regiments from the State. On the 20th of April the regiment was ordered into Camp Randall, at Madison, to guard rebel prisoners, who had been sent from Fort Donelson, soon after its capture. Here the organization of the regiment and their muster into the United States service, were completed. The roster was as follows : Colonel — Horace T. Sanders. Lieut. Colonel — Charles Whipple. Surgeon — Peter Winter. Major — Alvin E. Bovay. 1st As. Surgeon — H. C. Markham. Adjutant — Lorenzo Van Slyke. 2d As. Surg. — Lyndulph Nichols. Quartermaster — Frank Morton. Chaplain — Joseph H. Nichols. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Rollin M. Strong. Henry A. Tator. Alex. P. Ellingwood. B — Albert A. York. Jonathan S. Patten. Wallace W. Gordon. C— Charles Case. Henry D. Nichols. W. R. V. Frisby. D — Samuel K. Vaughn. William H. Spain. Edward 0. Emmerson. E — Patrick Bennett. Charles D. Willard. S. C. Tuckerman, Jr. F — Martin Scherff. Wolf A. Kopps. William Spiegelberg. G — J. N. Stone. Henry W. Kingsbury. Otto Puhlman. H— Albert Grant. John Wright. Cromwell Laithe. I — Amasa 0. Rowley. Chipman A. Holley. Levi Welden. K — Henry Myers. Harmon Wentworth. Silas C. Seaman. - While at Madison, the chaplain, in a sermon preached to the regiment, delivered an eloquent and touching tribute to the memory of the lamented Governor Harvey, then recently deceased. On the removal of the rebel prisoners to Chicago, the regiment was ordered to the Potomac, and left the State on the 2d of June. It passed through Chicago, amidst the NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 391 greatest applause from the citizens ; their fine soldierly bear ing and appearance commanding the admiration of all who saw them. The regiment numbered nine hundred and fifty men, though about one hundred were left behind at Camp Randall, to perform guard duty. Before leaving the State, they were armed with the Enfield rifle, were well equipped throughout, and had received their pay to May 1st. Upon their arrival at Washington, they were ordered into camp near Fort Lyon, in Alexandria ; but while marching through the streets, the order was countermanded, and they were directed to embark on transports, and report to General Dix, at Fortress Monroe. General Dix ordered them to land and march to Hampton, three miles distant, where they remained, doing picket duty, for two weeks, when eight com panies were ordered to move, with all haste, to Yorktown, and report to General Keyes. It was supposed that the rebels were about to attempt the recapture of that place. But no demonstration being made against the town, after two weeks they returned to Fortress Monroe. Soon after their return they were directed to report to General Viele, at Norfolk, where they remained in the performance of garrison and out post duty, from July 1st, 1862, to April 14th of the next year, except three companies, who were detached to serve as provost guard at Portsmouth. This regiment performed more of this species of service, perhaps, than any other Wisconsin troops. While engaged thus, the men became impatient because they were so long kept back from the field, yet they performed their duties with unusual fidelity. Early in Septem ber, 1862, Colonel Sanders returned to Wisconsin for recruits, when Major General Dix, addressing Governor Salomon by letter, made honorable mention both of the colonel and the regiment. He termed the former a devoted and efficient officer, and said that the conduct of the whole regiment was creditable both to themselves and their State. Three hundred recruits were asked for. At this time the health of the men was excellent. Colonel Sanders did everything that was possible to secure the comfort and health of the men, as his subordinate officers at the time testified. But on the 24th 392 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of September, Assistant Surgeon T. J. Linton died at Ports mouth. While at Norfolk, the members of Company H formed a mutual relief association to assist each other when sick, and to send home the bodies of their comrades who should die. The members of this company were especially mindful of their families at home, having allotted an aggregate of five hundred and thirty-nine dollars per month of their wages to be drawn by their friends in Wisconsin. New Year's Day of 1863 was observed in Norfolk very spiritedly. The negroes had a large procession in honor of their new-born independence. An outbreak was seriously feared. Extra guards were posted, and Colonel Sanders was intrusted with the duty of preserving order and quelling the first symptoms of a disturbance, which never occurred. Dur ing the day, the Nineteenth, with full ranks, called on General Viele, under whose command they had served eight months. Having formed a line in front of his house, the music of the band brought him before them, and in an appropriate address he complimented them thus: "Trusted with important duties and responsibilities, you have not in one instance failed to fulfill them. Stationed among those who have felt little kind ness toward you, you have daily exhibited a noble forbearance. When no courtesy was shown you, you have not failed mag nanimously to show pity toward the many misguided people whom the enemy have left here unprotected, and who have made petty efforts to annoy you." The regiment became a favorite with the law and order portion of the citizens at Norfolk. By their gentlemanly con duct and quiet deportment they commanded the respect even of those who hated them. The following is from the Norfolk Union, where the regiment was on duty. " We do not wish to detract from, or in any respect call in question the claim to the brave, moral, and high-toned qualities of the people of the good old State of Connecticut, so renowned in all that gives dignity to a christianized civilization of the highest order ; but we think a part of the great North- West will be entitled to be known as the Connecticut of the West in this respect ; and we are led to these remarks by the exem- NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 393 plary conduct and quiet bearing of the Wisconsin regiment now stationed here under command of its gallant leader, Col onel Sanders." Colonel Sanders was at this time President of the Military Commission, and Provost Judge. On the 14th of April, 1863, this regiment received orders to march without tents to Suffolk, to reinforce that place, as an attack was expected from Longstreet's corps. They marched at ten o'clock in the evening, reached Suffolk at midnight, went two miles farther, through a heavy rain and intense darkness, to the camp of the Twenty-first Connecticut, where about half of the men obtained shelter among the friendly soldiers of that regiment, and the other half suffered exposure to the cold and drenching rain until morning. They now had six hundred men for duty. At five in the evening an order was received to march to Jericho Creek, where they pitched their tents, which had now been brought forward. At midnight they were ordered out under arms, and four com panies were directed to march. It was very dark, the roads were bad, and it rained in torrents. The party proceeded seven miles, floundering along through the mud as best they could, wading swollen creeks, where one man came near drown ing, and immediately entered on picket duty when they arrived at their destination. One night they spent in the rifle pits on the Nansemond River. Another night one hundred and sixty men, in nine hours, built a corduroy road three hundred yards long over a deep marsh, and a rough bridge over a creek ten yards in width, carrying the timber and rails for them on their shoulders from half to three-fourths of a mile. At one time half their number, while exposed to a cold rain, had neither rest nor refreshment for thirty-six hours. On one night they pitched tents in obedience to orders, and in an hour, by order, struck tents and prepared to march ; then, in obedience to new orders, pitched tents again — two companies being posted as pickets — and at ten o'clock the same night set out on a six miles' march through deep mud; that accomplished, rested two hours, chiefly in the mud, and then at three o'clock in the morning went into line of battle. That done, they stacked arms, and at daylight engaged in building an earth-Work, named "Fort Wisconsin," where they labored until noon of the next day. 394 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Soon after one hundred and fifty men were reported sick ; sur geons had resigned ; no field officer was with the regiment except Colonel Sanders ; three line officers were detached from service, and four others were sick. This recital of their ser vices is important, on account of the publication of an order by the General commanding, in which the regiment was relieved from duty on the line of river defences and ordered to its camp in Suffolk, the order accusing the men of grum bling, and reciting that they were sent away because the General did not want the rest of the troops to become affected by such childish behavior. The order was given, doubtless, in a moment of petulance, without knowledge of the facts. Colonel Samuel K. Vaughan, who was with the regiment during its whole period of service, having risen, step by step, from a second lieutenant in the Second Wisconsin Infantry to the colonelcy of this regiment, relates that when the regiment was on the Nansemond, below Suffolk, they were much annoyed by sharp-shooters concealed in the tall grass on the opposite side of the river, which was thirty rods wide, and that Ephraim Haines and another soldier volunteered to swim across and set fire to the grass, carrying matches over in their teeth. This daring exploit they performed, and returned in safety, although made the target of thirty rifles as they recrossed. Haines fell by a rebel bullet in July, 1864, before Petersburg, and lies buried near the Appomattox. In May, 1863, Lieutenant Colonel Whipple was appointed to take command of the gun-boat " General Jesup." He selected Lieutenant Charles D. Williams, of Company E, for his mate, and chose a full crew from the regiment. The boat was armed with two thirty-two pound Parrotts and two twelve- pound Napoleons. The colonel, with his Wisconsin crew, did excellent service during the year up the James, the York and its tributaries, and in the sounds of North Carolina. In one action they received eleven shots through the boat. In the autumn Colonel Whipple was compelled by ill health to quit his post, and was discharged from the service. Lieutenant Williams being appointed to succeed him in the command of the boat, proved himself a competent and reliable officer in TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 395 that capacity, capturing a rebel steamer soon after his promo tion, on the York River, near West Point. A movement being again on foot for an advance to Rich mond, on the 17th of June the regiment left Suffolk, and marched to the scene of their former duties at Norfolk. Here they embarked and sailed to Yorktown, where they debarked on the following day, and went into camp half a mile from the fortifications. On the 25th they again embarked, and pro ceeded up the river to West Point, but soon returned to York- town, where, about the middle of August, ninety per cent, of their number were sick with fevers, and the regiment was removed to Newport News. TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY.* When, in the month of August, 1862, the exigencies of the nation necessitated the President to call for " 300,000 more," in addition to the 300,000 men then being recruited for the armies of the United States, it was resolved to raise another regiment from the German population of this State. W. H. Jacobs, Esquire, of Milwaukee, was in trusted with the task, and appointed colonel. By his energy and ability, and the ready aid which the patriotic zeal of our German fellow citizens everywhere afforded him, a full regiment was re cruited in about two weeks' time, and organized as the Twenty- sixth Wisconsin Infantry. Excepting Company G, which consisted in part of native Americans, the whole regiment was composed of men of German birth, or, at least, German parent age. It rendezvoused at Camp Sigel, Milwaukee, and was there mustered ¦ into the service of the United States the 17th of September. Colonel — William H. Jacobs. Lieut. Colonel— ~ Charles Lehman. Surgeon — Francis Huebschmann. Major — Philip Horwitz. 1st As." Surgeon — S. Vandervaart. Adjutant — Jacob Schlosser. 2d As. Surgeon — Theodore Fricke. Quartermaster — F. W. Hundansen. Chaplain — William Vette. * The narrative of the Twenty-sixth contained in this chapter is.in nearly the exact language of Brevet Brigadier General Winkler. Its excellence, and his rela. tion to the regiment — as first a Captain, and then its Major, Lieutenant Colonel, and Colonel — will cause every reader to feel that it should not be displaced by any other narrative, nor suffer any interpolations. 396 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — William George. August F. Mueller. B — Fred. C. Winkler. Francis Lackner. Charles H. Doerfiinger. C — John P. Seeman. William John Fuchs. Bernhard Domschke. D — August Ligowsky. August Schueler. Herman Furstenberg. E — Anton Kettles. Charles W. Neukirch.John F. Hogan. F — Henry Baetz. Charles Pizzala. Albert Wallber. G — Julius Meisswinkel. H — Hans Boebel. Joseph Wedig. Charles Vocke. I — William Smith. Henry C. Berninger. John Orth. K — Louis Pelosi. Edward Karl. On the 6th of October the regiment left the State about 1,000 strong, and went to Washington, marched thence to Fairfax Court House, and there joined the eleventh army corps, Major General Sigel commanding. A short time was here allowed for drilling and preparation for active campaigning, which was diligently improved. The regiment was assigned to the second brigade of the third division of the eleventh corps. A forward movement was in progress. McClellan's main army was on the march from the vicinity of Martinsburg toward the Rappahannock, and the eleventh corps was to push forward on the Manassas Gap Railroad, to establish a tem porary depot of supplies at Gainesville. At daybreak of the 2d of November, the regiment started, rested that night on the far-famed field of Bull Run, and occupied Thoroughfare Gap the afternoon of the next day. The railroad was soon in work ing order. On the 7th the regiment advanced to New Balti more, and on the 9th went to Gainesville, now the main depot of supplies for the army of the Potomac. Here diligent drill ing again occupied the time till the 18th, when Gainesville was abandoned. The eleventh corps fell back to its old position. The Twenty-sixth was left at Centreville. Early in December preparations for further operations be came manifest, and on the 9th of that month the regiment was on the march again. The weather was the most inclement, the mud such as only Virginia roads can show, and members of the regiment think that in all their after experience, they have hardly known a more toilsome march than that from Centreville to Falmouth, where the regiment arrived late in the evening of the 14th, just as General Burnside was with- TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 397 drawing bis troops from the south side of the Rappahannock, after the unsuccessful assault upon the rebels on the heights of Fredericksburg. Active operations having been checked, the eleventh corps was sent to the vicinity of Stafford Court House, and the regiment there went into camp. Toward the middle of January active operations were again inaugurated, and on the 19th the eleventh corps left its encampment. The Twenty- sixth was left as rear guard, and for several days and nights had to picket the entire line lately picketed by the corps. A heavy rain set in just as this movement commenced, and con tinued for many days without intermission, and was followed by a heavy fall of snow. Having been relieved by the arrival of the twelfth corps, the regiment marched to Beriah Church, and there rejoined its proper brigade.. The weather here put a stop to campaigning, and preparations were at once made to secure the comforts of winter quarters. But the snug huts of log, with their chimneys of clay, were only just completed when orders to return to Stafford Court House were received, and the regiment returned to within a mile of that place, the 4th of February. A new comfortable camp was soon con structed, and here a rest of several months was enjoyed, during which the regiment acquired a high proficiency in drill and general military bearing and instruction. With the month of April came the most energetic- and thorough preparation for active campaigning. The sick, all who were not able to march, were sent away. Surplus baggage, which included all kinds of property, all the hundred little luxuries which had made up the comforts of the last two months, everything which was not easily portable with what was then considered the most limited allowance of transportation, was sent to the rear. Wagons were not intended to accompany the army to the south side of the Rappahannock for the time. Pack mules were got ready to carry the ammunition. Every soldier was to carry eight days' provisions, besides his sixty rounds, and all his clothing and his bedding. Thus the army fairly stripped itself for the coming fight. On the 27th of April the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin broke camp ; at midnight, the 28th, it crossed the Rappahannock at Kelley's Ford; the evening of the 29th, reached the Rapidan 398 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. at Germania Ford, where a crossing was effected that night; and by hard marches a spot called Locust Grove, a few miles west of Chancellorville, was reached by Thursday afternoon, the 30th of April. And soon couriers came — their counte nances beaming with joy — and scattered about printed copies of a congratulatory order from the Commander-in-Chief — of that extravagant note of exultation which confidently asserted that " the enemy must ignominiously fly or attack us on our own chosen ground, where certain destruction awaits him." There were those, doubtless, who deemed this premature, and judged that unless the strongest positions were selected, and the flanks made secure, and all the necessary and ordinary precautions taken to resist the attack which might come, the victory deemed certain might still elude Us. But many — and among them, it is to be feared, some in high command — were impressed with the spirit of the dispatch, and could not but implicitly believe that " the enemy must fly." The corps was put in position along the Fredericksburg pike, facing south. The line of battle was along the road. The brigade on the extreme right, with two small regiments in the first and two in the second line, retired from the road at an angle of about forty-five degrees. One section of artillery assisted this brigade. This was the extreme right of the army. The third division was in the centre of the corps, and the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin about a quarter of a mile from the extreme right. All day Friday, May 1st, the utmost quiet prevailed. Only toward evening a hostile piece of artillery opened fire nearly opposite the centre of the eleventh corps, and evidently desired to elicit an answer, so as to ascertain the position of the Union army. No answer was given, and soon^all was hushed into silence again. During the night some work was done to strengthen our front; a light rifle pit was thrown up, and a wood road leading toward the place from which the rebel gun had opened was barricaded by slashing timber. The next day opened and the same calm continued. Reports spread, and they seemed trace able to high quarters, that the enemy was retreating. A slow artillery fire opened from the Union side, some way to the left of the eleventh corps. It was said to be General Sickles, in pursuit of the " flying foe." Indeed, " the retreating column" TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 399 of the rebels was in sight ! About two miles in front (south) of our line there was a road nearly parallel to Fredericksburg pike, and there a wagon train could be seen going west. Meanwhile, an officer of artillery, of the eleventh corps, and his orderly, who had ridden some distance to the rear toward the river, found themselves set upon by a body of rebel cavalry and pursued with great vigor close up to our troops. It was reported to the corps commanders. About the middle of the afternoon each of the two pieces of artillery which guarded- the right flank was discharged. Those who served them in sisted that they saw bodies of troops marching by. But it was decided that it was only a few rebel scouts, and the artillery was directed to reserve its fire for a more worthy foe. The original line of battle remained undisturbed this day, except that a few regiments of the third division (which occupied the centre of the corps) were marched perpendicularly to the rear, and there posted on some hills facing west, and that one bri gade, which constituted the larger part of the second division, was taken out of the line entirely, and sent to aid General Sickles to harass " the enemy's flight." Among the former was the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin. It was posted on a ridge in an open field, about a quarter of a mile from the road, with the One Hundred and Nineteenth New York on its left, and its right wholly uncovered. With the exceptions noted, all was quiet. It was perhaps five o'clock in the afternoon, when a crash of artillery at the extreme right flank was heard. There was nothing of the slow skirmishing which generally opens a battle. Sharp volleys from right and rear upon Von Gilsa's brigade (the extreme right) were the first warnings of that terrific onset, and volley succeeded volley as the strong, well- organized columns of the enemy pressed forward. Of course, this brigade was broken, and it scattered at once to the woods in rear. The loose teams of the artillery and several with caissons attached, came dashing from the right along the road where our troops were formed, and created no little con fusion. The other brigade of the first division, and the first brigade of the third, were also at once struck in flank and rear ; partial changes of front were effected, and there were many fierce conflicts of longer and shorter duration, but they 400 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. could do nothing more than check the enemy. Retreat was inevitable. It was effected with very little loss of materiel, except knapsacks and blankets, and the enemy suffered very severely ; but as large portions of our line were rolled up, there was necessarily a great deal of disorganization and confusion. Another column of the enemy had passed still further to the rear of the right of the corps, and struck the position held by the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin almost at the same time that the .attack commenced on the first division. Here, too, there was no skirmishing. A sudden volley fairly overwhelmed the skirmish line in front of the regiment. Captain Pizzala. who commanded it, was instantly killed. The reserves fired a volley and retreated on the battalion, which was instantly engaged in the fiercest of struggles. And here those two regiments — the One Hundred and Nine teenth New York, and the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin — both under fire for the first time, standing alone on a bare hill-top, attacked by largely superior numbers, who had the advantage of a screening forest, stood and fought unflinchingly until the enemy had largely doubled round their flanks, both right and left, when the twice repeated order of the brigade commander to march in retreat was reluctantly obeyed. The xetreat was continued to the main position of the army, near the Chan cellor House, which was held in great strength, by artillery and infantry. It was dark by the time the troops arrived there, and the advance of the enemy was stopped for that night. Everywhere, as the troops of the eleventh corps came in, they were violently assailed by the most abusive impre cations. Correspondents of the press were loud and clam orous in charging the disaster of the day on the " cowardly Dutch," the " flying Dutch." Many of those who had met the enemy for the first time did not know but the charge was true ; they did not know but that they had retired without reason, but that they should have remained to die. Among these were officers who have subsequently gained large experience in war, who have participated in subsequent battles, both offensive and defensive, in sieges and campaigns, and they assure us that never in their experience were troops, on any other occasion, placed in so abnormal a position, and that the TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 401 best troops in our armies would in the same position, and under the same attack, have been broken and routed no less effectually than was the eleventh corps on the 2d of May, 1863. The twentieth corps of Sherman's army, which con tained what was left of the old eleventh and twelfth corps of the Army of the Potomac, on its home march after the con quest of peace, passed over the field of Chancellorville and halted there for the night on the afternoon of the 15th day of May, 1865. A party of officers rode over the field. Some of them were able to point out the position of every regiment, and every field piece of the eleventh corps, on the 2d of May, 1863; and officers then in the twelfth corps — among them Brevet Brigadier General William Coggswell, colonel of the Second Massachusetts Infantry — who had subsequently attained high rank and wide reputation, frankly acknowledged, that while they had at the time shared the common sentiments and feelings against the eleventh corps, they were now fully convinced that the position was utterly untenable, and an attack upon its rear and flank must prove disastrous, and would leave us no alternative but instantaneous retreat. It is possible that some regiments gave way more readily than others, but upon the whole, the eleventh corps accomplished all that could be done, and had every man been a hero the general result would have been the same. Let any impartial Boldier examine the position and he will come to the same conclusion. Aside from the weakness of the position, it must be remembered that the rebel attack was much in the nature of a surprise. All warnings of the coming danger had been disregarded with an apathy which infatuation only can account for. At break of day the next morning the eleventh corps was on the way to the left of the army, where it took position. The Twenty-sixth Wisconsin was placed on the extreme left, its left flank resting on the river. A spirited skirmish was kept up through the day and the ensuing night. The next morning the regiment was moved half a mile to the right, and there remained till about three o'clock on the morning of the 6th of May, when, the army being on the retreat, it marched to United States Ford, crossed the river, and by a long and diffi- 26 402 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. cult march returned to its camp, near Stafford Court House, the same day. The losses of the regiment in this battle were thirty-seven killed, one hundred and seventeen wounded, twenty taken prisoners, and three missing. New camps were soon selected, and daily drills and camp duties again occupied the soldiers' time. On the 12th of June very sudden marching orders were received. Within an hour's time the regiment was on the road for Hartwood Church, where the night was passed. Lieutenant Colonel Bcebel was now in command, Colonel Jacobs not having returned from a leave of absence. On the 13th the march was continued to Catlett's Station, and on the 14th to Centreville, where a two days' rest was enjoyed. On the 17th a very long and fatiguing march, almost due north, in the most trying heat and dust, brought the regiment to Goose Creek, about five miles from Edwards' Ferry, on the Potomac. Here a halt was made till the 25th, when, starting at four o'clock in the morning, the Potomac was crossed at Edwards' Ferry, and the day's march extended to Jeffersonville, Maryland, and the next day's to Middletown. On the 28th Frederick was reached, and Emmets- burg on the 29th, where the 30th was passed. The wounded of the Twenty-sixth Regiment, in ythe battle of Chancellorville, are given below. The list of the dead is given at the close of the regiment's history. Twenty-Sixth Regiment. Company A — Private Gotthold Jaening. Company B — Privates Fred. Liebold, Wm. Lauer, Henry Finke, August Moldenhauer and Aug. Schasse. Company G — Lts. Robert Muller and Henry Rauth, Corps. Henrich TJrich and L. Schuly, Privates Jacob Muhel, John Beres, John Sauer, Lewis Manz, Andreas Sprengling, P. Weber, Dominique Weiss and Carl Muller. Company D — Corp. John Mower, Privates Henrich Eisner, P. Lersch, Nicolaus Rausrmmere and Adam Freling. Company E — Privates Carl Beinnel, John Brown, Anton Ewins, Henry Flammary, Friedrich Hanson, August Luedtke, John Ostertag, Wm. Rosen thal, August Steugel, Heinrich Wagner and John Waskoweiz. Company F — 2d Lt. Adolph Cordier, Corp. Banl. Taube, Privates Gottfried Arndt, Joheph Braumeister, Christof Burkhardt, August Donath, Wm. Hoefling, Ernst Jaelling,. Jos. Joachim- stahl, Aug. Koinke, Wilhelm Utke and Wenzel Jours. Company G- — Corp. An drew J. Fullerton, Privates Henry Bleuker, Wm. Salter, Peter DulIenbach,.Pred. Distler, George H. Emmett, Jacob Knobel, Johan Maier, Peter Ripplinger, Fritz Schaeffer, Matthias Stroupp, Peter Ullweling, Mathias Zaeger and Martin Abbott. Company R — Sergt. Christian Harsch, Privates Wm. Anhult, Barbien Guiseppe, Erasmus Boll, Chas. Grasse, Friederich Imig, Michael Wagner and Philip J. Zim merman. Company I — Privates Christian Crusius, John Koegs, Carl Beokman, Gustar Braun, Peter Dwarschack, Henry A. Fisher, John Graft', Charles Jaoobi, Clemeus Kamschatte, Warlow Lustofke, Wm. Lehmann, Chancy Leky and Wm. Baetz. Company E— Lts. C. Doerflinger and Henry Grere, Sergts. F. T. Koerner and Friedrich Mann. — 96. CHAPTEE XIII. THE CAMPAIGN OF GETTYSBHKG. THE IRON BRIGADE, THIRD, FIFTH, AND TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, AND BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS, COMPANY G.— MOVEMENT TOWARD MARYLAND, CHANGE OF COMMANDERS, THE REBEL RAID INTO PENN SYLVANIA, CONCENTRATION AT GETTYSBURG, BATTLES OP THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD OF JULY, THE SERVICES OF WISCONSIN TROOPS, THE DEAD AND WOUNDED. The Federal attempt to destroy the enemy or drive him from his position on the south side of the Rappahannock, near Fredericksburg, had failed. General Lee did not venture to attack the Federals in their position on the north bank of that river, but he decided to draw our forces from their encamp ment, and, taking the lead in the summer campaign of 1863, frustrate the plans of our generals, whatever they might be. Accordingly, on the 3rd of' June, he began to move his army toward the Upper Rappahannock. This obliged General Hooker to follow up the Potomac toward Washington, and to Manassas, the old field of conflict, where it was supposed a third battle might occur. General Lee found no good oppor tunity to make an attack on the Unionists or on Washington, but made some spirited movements about Culpepper and Thoroughfare Gap, in order to conceal the march of General Ewell and his corps through the Shenandoah Valley toward Harper's Ferry. June 12th, General Milroy, holding Win chester, was attacked by Early and Johnson, and after another battle at that place — the fourth in order — a large part of his forees were captured in a retreat, and on Sunday, the 14th, General Tyler was attacked and driven from Martinsburg, escaping with only a portion of his forces to the Potomac. In 404 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. these two engagements General Lee claimed to have taken more than 4,000 prisqpers, 29 pieces of artillery, 270 wagons and ambulances, 400 horses, and a large amount of military stores. But the enemy met with a fortunate check in the attack made on the advance of Stuart's cavalry, under Rousseau, by the Fed eral cavalry, under Kilpatrick, June 18th, at Aldie, on the road to Ashby's Gap. A hard fought battle of hours ensued, in which the Unionists were victorious. This prevented many harassing movements of the rebels on Hooker's flank and rear while the two armies were pressing forward, and secured for General Hooker some Confederate correspondence, which showed that Pennsylvania was to be invaded. The dangers from that threatened invasion now became so great that President Lincoln called for 100,000 six months' troops from Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Western Vir ginia, and 20,000 from New York. On Sunday, the 21st, the advance of General Ewell's corps seized the fords of the Potomac between Harper's Ferry and Williamsport, and thence began to pour into Maryland and Pennsylvania. Gen eral Lee and other Confederates followed, and proceeded to Chambersburg, York, and other places not before reached by the enemy. They made large demands of the citizens for money and supplies, offering Confederate paper in return, and demand ing therefor receipts for payment, but generally with no ceremony taking whatever they found which they wanted — horses, cattle, and stores of all kinds in immense quantities. Generals Rhodes and Johnson went to the vicinity of Carlisle and Harrisburg, and the rebel cavalry, vrhder Colonel White, advanced to the Susquehanna. It was a week of terror and gloom at the North. Treason at the head of a mighty army was let loose upon the land. Whither would she go ? What would she do ? Could she be restrained ? Some, complaint, has been made that the movement of the army under General Hooker was not so orderly and indicative of success as the case required. As Lee's plan to invade Mary land became known, General Hooker urged upon the authori ties at Washington that the best way to defend that city and Baltimore was to meet and repulse the rebel forces, and that to that end he needed more troops. He desired to detach GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. 405 • from Harper's Ferry 10,000 soldiers, under General French, and put them into active service against the enemy. General Halleck, at Washington, opposed that measure, and did not leave General Hooker to an independent management of the army he commanded, whereupon General Hooker asked to be relieved from his position. The rank and file of the army had high confidence in him as a leader. A portion of the officers had not; whether because General McClellan was the favorite of some, or because General Halleck was> unfriendly to Gen eral Hooker, or because they did not perceive in him the ability to command so large an army, or because of all these reasons combined, it does not positively appear. General Hooker reached Frederick, Maryland, on the 27th of June, and on that day was ordered to transfer his com mand to Major General Meade, who was in command of the fifth corps, and report at Baltimore. ' The change greatly surprised General Meade, the army and the country. General Hooker's departure from the army was affecting to all. After General Meade took command, the force at Harper's Ferry was transferred to the main army, as General Hooker had desired; and General Couch, and the force at his com mand were also assigned to him, and the general movement of the Federals to oppose the enemy was continued according to the plan of General Hooker. General Lee now began to concentrate on Gettysburg, marching toward the east and south. General Meade was moving northward, but turned toward the enemy and Gettys burg. Gettysburg is the seat of Adams County, Pennsylvania, situated at the head waters of the Monocacy, and forty miles north of Frederick, Maryland, with a population of about 8,000. It has the Blue Ridge on the west, and the Catoctin range of mountains on the south, with sloping hills1 nearer the town. Seven roads meet there, and on these the two great menacing armies were now advancing toward a common centre. Purposes must soon change, or there will be a terrible shock. General Pleasanton had informed General Meade that from his knowledge of the country, derived in the Antietam cam paign, he was confident that there was but one place to fight 406 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. A— Iron Briqade; B— Semisaey; 0— College; D— Howard; E— Doublkday; F— Meade's Headquarters ; G— Hancock ; H — Sedgwick ; J — Sickles ; K — Sykes ; L — Little Round Top : M— Round Top; N— Slocum; 0 — Williams; P— Wadswoetb; Q— Kilpatbick ; R— BuroRs; S— Cemetery Hill. GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN. ' 407 the enemy, and that was Gettysburg. General Pleasanton, with that view, on the 29th of June sent forward the cavalry division under General Buford to occupy that town, with instruc tions to hold the place to the last extremity, until the army could arrive there. It appears, however, from the report of the Con gressional " Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War," that General Meade decided on making a stand on Pipe Creek, between Middleburg and Manchester, and was making arrange ments to that end so late as the afternoon of the 1st of July, when his plan was necessarily changed by the fact that the contest had already commenced at Gettysburg. At half-past nine o'clock of the morning of July 1st, General Buford was fiercely attacked by the enemy's cavalry. He drove them back, but soon met the rebel infantry, and was compelled to fall back for the assistance of the Federal infantry. General Reynolds, who had deeply felt the importance of an early attack upon the enemy in order to keep him from Gettysburg, was near by in command of the first and eleventh corps. The first corps was his own command, but while he led the whole right wing of the army^ General Doubleday took his place as corps commander. The first corps was advanced to Seminary Ridge, a half mile west of Gettysburg, and before they could form their line they became engaged with the Confederates. General Wadsworth had command of the 1st division, and was posted with three regiments at the right of the line, while General Reynolds himself went to the left, near a piece of woods, taking General Cutler's brigade, which belonged tc Wadsworth's division. At the first rebel volley from the woods the braVe and able General Reynolds was mortally wounded. But General Wadsworth continued to contend with the enemy, and held his ground for two hours alone before the other divisions of the first corps came to his relief. Gen eral Doubleday reached him, however, in a half hour, and he, as an eye-witness, reports as follows : " The Iron Brigade charged with great gallantry ; rushed into the woods, and on the left and somewhat on the right of the woods, and drove the enemy before them into a little ravine called Willoughby's Run; there they captured a large number of prisoners, with general officers. They formed on the high ground on the other side 408 " WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of the Run. This was being accomplished as I rode up. I sent word to them that this movement had carried them too far to the front, and they must fall back on a line with Cutler's brigade. They had got several hundred yards beyond that. * * * In the mean time Cutler's brigade had been ordered back by General Wadsworth. Its right flank had been turned, and the battery attacked, and it was ordered back to Seminary Ridge. * * * I found the enemy massing themselves in front of Cutler. I had kept one regiment — the Sixth Wiscon sin — as a reserve. I ordered it to attack on the flank of the enemy as he formed, if he formed in front of Cutler. That regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel Dawes, together with the Fourteenth Brooklyn, under Colonel Fowler, and the Ninety- fifth New York, under Colonel Biddle, made a most gallant charge, and surrounded the enemy, who had rushed into the railroad cut, and after a short but desperate conflict we cap tured two rebel regiments, with their battle-flags. The remain der of the enemy retreated to their first position." Among the prisoners was Brigadier General Archer, and the two regi ments captured belonged to the celebrated " Davis Brigade." The enemy seemed thoroughly repulsed. Thus did the three regiments of the Iron Brigade distinguish themselves early in the first day's battle, and the result of that rebuff to the enemy may have even decided the fate of our army on the two subsequent days. Just as this victory had been won, the remaining divisions of the first corps came up, and soon after, the eleventh corps, General Howard in com mand. General Buford had by that time ascertained that the rebels they had been fighting were General A. P. Hill's corps of 30,000 or 35,000, while the Federals opposing them were only about 8,200. It being now reported that General Ewell's corps was coming down from York at the north-east, General Howard formed the eleventh corps on the right of the first, at the north of Gettysburg, to meet them. General Howard being the senior officer, took command of the whole field, General Reynolds having fallen, and General Schurz took command of the eleventh corps, in Howard's place. General Hill's forces now made a terrible onset against our- first corps, and General BATTLE OP GETTYSBURG. 409 Ewell's, led by Rhodes and Early, came with great fury against the eleventh corps. The enemy so much outnumbered our men that they had a great advantage, bearing down upon us in double and triple lines, with battalions of reserves, over lapping both our wings, and driving into a serious gap between our two corps. To that gap General Doubleday sent Baxter's brigade, of Robinson's division, and finally his last reserve brigade. These troops successfully met the enemy, capturing one thousand of their men and several of their battle-flags, but the division of the eleventh corps that joined them on their right unfortunately gave way, and that exposed their flank and rear so much that the enemy " folded their lines" around the right wing of the first corps. Soon, toward the left of that corps, fresh rebels, under General Hill, came swarming np where the Iron Brigade and other troops had been lighting for nearly six hours — from ten till four — and it seemed almost madness to withstand them any longer. They had made charge after charge with the bayonet, repulsing their opponents, capturing many, and, receiving little reinforce ments themselves, how could they longer contend against enemies who vastly outnumbered them and received reinforce ments almost without limit ? Finally they fell back, but only one or two hundred yards at first, and then turning about, fought the enemy again until they were nearly surrounded, when they retreated a second space and fought, and having repeated that process six times they escaped. At the same time the troops on the right of the eleventh corps, who had bravely held out through a long engagement, began to retreat, which induced some confusion among the troops as they poured through the town to Cemetery Hill, a mile and a half from their first position, where they reformed their lines, and where the desperate battle of the next day was destined to take place. The rebels did not pursue, they had suffered too much for that ; they felt the necessity of a further concentration of their forces ; and thus this first day's battle put a check upon the enemy, and prevented his routing our army in detail, until General Meade should collect all the Federal troops upon and around the admirable position of Cemetery Hill. Lieutenant Colonel R. R Dawes was in command of the 410 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Sixth Regiment, and in the charge in the railroad cut. Major Blair, in command of* the Second Mississippi Regiment, sur rendered his sword and men to him. The battle-flag of that regiment was captured previous to the surrender, by Corporal Asbury Waller, of Company I. Captain Converse commanded a party that brought off the field and saved from capture a gun of the Second Maine Battery, which had been abandoned by its owners. General Cutler had three horses shot under him. • In that day's battle, the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Infantry came near to destruction, and was saved, as related by Captain Gary, of that regiment, in his speech when its torn flag was presented to the common council of Oswego : " At this critical moment, when the salvation of the regiment depended upon immediate action, a little band of men was seen emerging from the woods on the left. They were what remained of the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers, a regiment which had been two years in the service, and to whom the leaden rain and iron hail of battle had become as familiar as the showers of heaven. Every man of that band was a host in himself. Steadily, swiftly, and furiously they charged upon the enemy's flank, while the Ninety-fifth New York and Fourteenth Brook lyn regiments charged the enemy upon the right and left of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh. Northern courage was too much for Southern chivalry. The rebel columns recoiled, wavered, broke, and fled. Two entire rebel regiments were taken prisoners. The One Hundred and Forty-seventh Regi ment was relieved. All honor to the gallant Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers. They saved what remained of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh on that day." The loss of that regiment, on that day, was two officers and twenty-seven enlisted men, killed ; five officers and one hun dred and six enlisted men, wounded ; and twenty-seven mis sing. Colonel Dawes said, in his report : " Captain John Ticknor, of Company K, was instantly killed while cheering on his men to the charge. This officer rose from the ranks, win ning his captaincy for coolness and efficiency in command of skirmishers at South Mountain, and was distinguished for bravery upon every battle-field of the regiment. A good BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 411 officer, a brave man, a genial, whole-souled companion, Tick nor will be sadly missed from our circle. Second Lieutenant 0. D. Chapman, commanding Company C, was also killed at the railroad cut. He had but lately been commissioned. He was always a faithful, obedient soldier, and as an officer brave and efficient." The Second and Seventh Regiments not being detached that day from their own brigade, were farther at the left. As they went to the support of Buford's cavalry, the Second was on the lead, but the Seventh faithfully in its place, close behind. The first volley received from the rebel line cut down nearly thirty per cent, of the Second Regiment, yet their comrades pressed on, and checked and turned back the rebel advance. In less than a half hour the Second lost one hundred and six teen men, in killed and wounded, of three hundred engaged. Lieutenant Winegar, Company H, was killed; Lieutenant Colonel Stevens, mortally wounded ; Colonel Fairchild there lost an arm ; Captains Parsons, Perry, and Spcerri, and Lieu tenant Jameson were wounded. Major Mansfield, the only field officer left, was wounded in the afternoon, and the command devolved upon Captain George H. Otis. On the retreat to Cemetery Hill, some were taken prisoners, and when the men " lay down upon their arms at night, there were only fifty of the three hundred who charged in the morning, to answer the roll call." A correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette wrote, " Captain Richardson, of the Seventh Wisconsin, seized the colors of a retreating Pennsylvania Regiment, and strove to rally the men around their flag. It was in vain ; none but troops that have been tried as by fire, can be reformed under such a storm of death. But the captain, left alone and almost in the rebel hands, held on to the flaunting colors of another regiment, that made him a conspicuous target, and brought them safely off" Major George S. Hoyt, then commanding Company K, says that he left more than two-thirds of his company on the field, killed and wounded, and nearly half of the regiment General Cutler says that he lost two-thirds of his men, killed and wounded. Cemetery Hill is situated in the central part of a curving 412 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ridge, which sweeps around in the form of a semi-circle, or rather, like a horse-shoe, the hill being at the front or toe part. As General Howard's corps came to the field, on the first day of the battle, General Steinwehr's division was stationed as a reserve on this hill, which, on the two subse-, quent days, was the key to General Meade's position, and the occupancy of which was of itself nearly enough to decide the issue of the battle. At dusk, after the first day's fight, the third and twelfth corps, under Generals Slocum and Sickles, respectively, reached the field, and the former took position on the portion of the ridge at the left of the hill, as one looks toward Gettysburg, and the latter on the ridge at the right. Other troops came up, and General Meade himself came at eleven o'clock at night, when on examining the ground, he posted the corps in this order : at the head of Cemetery Hill stood Howard's, the eleventh corps — Schurz commanding the left wing; next, southward, was the first corps, a portion on the left part of the ridge, and Wadworth's division — to which the Iron Brigade was attached — on the right, and extending to General Slocum's, the twelfth corps, which held our extreme right Next upon the left part of the curving ridge, stood the Second, under Hancock, then the third, under Sickles, and the fifth, under Sykes, at the extreme left, in the vicinity of Round Top and Little Round Top Hills. The sixth corps, under Sedg wick, reached the ground late on the second day, and was held more as a reserve than an active force. The morning of the 2d was spent by both armies in strength ening their position, and arranging their forces, the rebels evidently not wishing to make an attack on our position after the previous day's experience. Skirmishing began before noon, but the chief rebel onset was reserved till half-past three o'clock in the afternoon. It was then principally made on General Sickles' corps, who has been criticized for inviting the attack by taking an advanced position. He replies by saying that he thus prevented a flank attack on our left. He had sent out Berdan's Sharp-shooters, who reported that large masses of the enemy were preparing to turn the Union left; upon this he decided to advance in order to prevent such an attack, receiving one in his front, where he had one wing of his troops very advan- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 413 tageously posted on Round Top Hill. The enemy moved to the assault in two lines of battle, supported by three columns, but all their repeated and most determined attacks were repulsed with immense loss to them and great to us, until General Sickles was wounded in the leg, which was amputated. General Birney then took command. The battle lasted till seven in the evening, when the third corps fell back to near its original line. On the same day, at evening, General Ewell made a desperate assault on our opposite wing, General Slocum's' corps, which had been weakened by a withdrawal across to the other side of the triangle; but troops from our sixth and first rushed over to their aid, and the enemy was repulsed about nine o'clock in the evening, though holding a portion of the ground until the next morning, when he was compelled to withdraw. On the night of the 2d a council of war debated the question, whether it was best to retire from that position or remain and await another attack of the enemy. A. majority were in favor of the latter course. Early on Friday, the 3rd, the twelfth corps on the right drove the enemy from a position taken by them the night previous. At one o'clock in the afternoon the rebels opened a terrific cannonade from about one hundred and fifty guns, converging their fire on our lines, and thus rendering it far more terrible where it was received. After one and a half hours' firing, General Longstreet, with 18,000 infantry, made a most furious assault on the first, second, and third corps, under Hancock. The rebels checked their cannonading to allow their infantry to come to a hand to hand attack. They were permitted to approach close to us, when suddenly one continuous stream of fire flashed like lightning along our lines, and the rebels fell in heaps and winrows of dead and wounded. Still they were undaunted, and pressed forward unrestrained, whole columns rushing into the jaws of death where only a few escaped. General Hancock was wounded in the thigh, and General Gibbon in the shoulder. The Federal lines quivered and drew back; the rebels pressed up to our batteries, and were on the point 414 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of capturing them, but Sedgwick's corps rushed forward with tremendous shouting, and barely turned the enemy away from a victory almost in their grasp. We captured there forty colors and four or five thousand prisoners. On the second day of the battle General Newton had com mand of the first corps, to which the Iron Brigade belonged, and our Wisconsin regiments remained on Culp's Hill, near Cemetery Hill and the, Baltimore turnpike. On both the second and third days they supported batteries, and . were exposed to the tremendous artillery fire of the enemy, but did not become engaged with his infantry. Major General John Newton says that General Cutler "was in the advance, and opened the battle of Gettysburg. In this severe and obstinate engagement he held the right for four hours, changing front, without confusion, three times, under a galling fire, and lost in killed and wounded three-fourths of his officers and men, having three of his staff wounded and all the horses killed. When the order was given to retire, he marched the remnant of his brigade off the field in perfect order, and checked the advance' of Ewell's corps, which gave the artillery time to .retire. In effecting this he lost heavily. His brigade was engaged on the night of the 2d and the morning of the 3rd in repulsing the assault of the rebels on the right of our line." The Sixth Wisconsin was in his brigade, being detached from the Iron Brigade. The Third Wisconsin Infantry, whose history has been traced through the battle of Chancellorville, was temporarily detached from the twelfth corps, and, moving on the 6th of June, took part in the cavalry engagement near Brandy Sta tion. There Lieutenant Colonel Flood, with one hundred and twenty men, had an hour's fight with a rebel regiment of dis mounted dragoons, who were making terrible work with Colonel Deven's brigade. Meanwhile Captain Stevenson, of Company B, in command of his own men and a Massachusetts company, was ordered to dislodge a force of dismounted rebel cavalry, posted behind a stone wall in such a position that they repulsed several charges of the Federal cavalry. Captain Stevenson crept around cautiously with his command till he had gained the same side of the wall with the rebels, when he WAJ.6EN.LYSANDER CUTLER. ENGRAVED EXJ?RESSLrFOR"WISCONSIH IN TOE WAROF THE REBELLION' BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 415 poured such a sudden enfilading fire upon them that they soon scattered, leaving their dead and wounded on the field in greater numbers than the attacking party. In this battle David Agnew, a private soldier of Company- H, advanced beyond the Federal line to save the life of a comrade, and cap tured a rebel who was in the act of firing. Honorable men tion is made of this act of bravery in the official report of the engagement. On the 16th of June the regiment rejoined their corps and marched to Gettysburg, arriving on the evening of the first day of the battle. The next morning they took position in front along a rocky, wooded ridge, north of the Baltimore pike, where for two hours they engaged in some desultory firing, when they were withdrawn and posted along the east bank of Rock Creek. Here, under orders of Colonel Hawley, the regiment threw up rude breast works of rails and earth, and threw down such stone walls and other places of shelter as might afford the enemy cover in their front. They now rested until six o'clock in the evening, when the brigade was ordered to the left of the line, where the fighting was severe, and took position in line of battle, but too late, to participate. At dark they were ordered back to the place they had been fortifying that day, which was found to • be enfiladed by the enemy, who had crossed the breast works of the Federals and severed their line. A corresponding position was taken, and the men were permitted to rest on their arms for the night At daylight on the 3rd they were aroused by a volley from the rebels. The regiment moved forward and to the right, to the cover of some bushes, rocks, and hastily constructed breast works of rails. Two companies were now thrown out as skirmishers, with instructions to keep themselves well covered from the fire of the rebel sharp-shooters posted on the Federal right These companies were occasionally relieved and a con stant fire kept up till eleven o'clock in the forenoon, when the regiment moved forward and again occupied the defences erected the day previous, driving the enemy before them and taking some prisoners. They remained in their position until the next day, engaging in a desultory fire with the rebel sharp shooters and skirmishers. The chief locality occupied by the 416 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. regiment was so favorable and well protected that their loss in this battle, so sanguinary and destructive to some regiments, was but two killed and eleven wounded, one of whom was Lieutenant Joseph Woodford, of Company F, who was severely injured in the head. At eight o'clock on the second day of the battle, the Sharp shooters were posted on picket in an open field behind a fence, near the Emmittsburg road, the Wisconsin Company and Company B, of New York, ' under Captain Marble, being at the right of the centre of the Union lines. Skirmishing immediately commenced, and continued till afternoon, when the action became general. The enemy then advanced from the woods in front, about three hundred yards distant, in line of battle across the plain ; but by the accurate and rapid fire of the Sharp-shooters, they were checked, broken, and scattered. Later, a Federal regiment on the left giving way, the foe fell upon the flank and rear *of the Sharp-shooters, when they were nearly destitute of ammunition, and they fell back behind the artillery, where,; with the aid of reinforce ments, the rebels were repulsed. Colonel Berdan, meanwhile, with another part of the regiment, defeated a considerable force at a point toward the left. The Wisconsin Company lost nine in killed, wounded, and missing, during the day. The next day, the company remained in the rear till the after noon, and then advanced and took part in defeating, the des perate attempt of the enemy to break the Federal centre, and in capturing a rebel brigade with their colors William H. Woodruff, of Fox Lake, and Eli J. Fitch were killed, and Sergeant Henry Lye, and Eli S. B. Vincent were mortally wounded. Woodruff had been with the company in all its history, had a narrow escape at Chancellorville, and was noted for his kind disposition to all. Vincent was an excellent marksman, and left the pioneer corps that he might engage in battle. After the battle of Chancellorville, the " Light Division," by order of General Sedgwick, was disbanded, and the regi ments distributed among older organizations — the Fifth Wis consin being assigned to General Russell's brigade, first division, sixth army corps. That corps was retained at Fred- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 417 ericksburg after the main army had marched up the Potomac to watch the movements of Lee. But the sixth corps moved on the 13th of June, crossed the Potomac on the 27th, and reached Gettysburg at two o'clock in the afternoon on the 2d of July, marching, on the average, twenty miles a day, and within the last seventeen hours making thirty-two miles. In the battle the Fifth Wisconsin remained in the position assigned them, on the left of the line, protecting the left flank of the army until the conflict was over; and although at times exposed to heavy artillery fire, not a man was injured ! General Winkler, then captain of Company B of the Twenty- Sixth Wisconsin Infantry, narrates the part taken by his regiment as follows : " At seven o'clock on the morning of July 1st, marching orders were received. The Maryland boundary was crossed, artillery fire was soon heard in advance, the march was hastened with all possible speed. From the summit of a hill Gettysburg was seen and beyond it the smoke of battle. The troops were pushed forward, passed through the town, and were at once marched for the con flict. The third division, eleventh corps, formed to the right of the first corps, north-westerly of the town. The Twenty-sixth was placed in second line, in double column closed in mass. The lines then advanced. The first line became engaged, and being very suddenly set upon by overwhelming numbers of the enemy, broke to the rear in some disorder, hardly giving the second line (or rather the regiments acting as supports, for there was no continuous second line) time to deploy. The Twenty-sixth became very hotly engaged, but checked the enemy's advance, and sus tained its position with admirable firmness. The One Hundred and Nineteenth New York was again on its left, (as at Chan cellorville,) and fought with equal gallantry. But the enemy doubled round its left flank, which was without support, threw it back on the Twenty-sixth, and the brigade was then ordered to fall back. The retreat, over open fields and under the fire of the enemy, proved fatal to many, but was conducted in good order. A stand was made in the outskirts of the town, where a short skirmish en sued, and the Twenty-sixth then acted as rear guard during 27 418 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the further retreat to Cemetery Hill. There it took position behind a low stone fence, its right resting on the street. Of the officers engaged with the regiment in this conflict, only four, Captains Carl and Fernekes, and Lieutenants Schmidt and Rauth, escaped unhurt. Captain Fuchs, whose wound was slight, and had been dressed, at once rejoined the regi ment upon its reaching Cemetery Hill, and took command. During the subsequent days and nights of the battle of Gettys burg, parties detailed on picket were constantly engaged in skirmishing, but the regiment, as a body, did not again parti cipate in the fight. The total losses of the regiment in this battle were forty-one killed,/ one hundred and thirty-seven wounded, twenty-six prisoners, and six. missing." General Meade estimated the Federal forces in this battle to be about 95,000 men, and the rebel forces to be about 105,000. The Federal loss was 2,834 killed, 13,790 wounded, and 6,643 missing; total, 23,267; General Meade says 24,000. The loss of the rebels was large ; Union soldiers buried 4,500 of their dead, received 26,500 of their wounded, captured 13,621 of their men not wounded — total, 44,621 — and took 3 guns, 41 standards, and 24,978 small arms. On the night of Saturday, the 4th of July, the enemy re treated toward the Potomac at Williamsport. Their ammu nition was exhausted, and it would seem that their destruction might have been effected by a speedy and vigorous pursuit. On the 5th the sixth corps moved after them by a circuitous route, to avoid the mountain passes, and the rest of the army followed on the 6th and 7th. Generals Pleasanton, Warren, Birney, Doubleday, and Howe concurred in the opinion that the rebel army might have been dispersed or captured if attacked on the north side of the Potomac. General Meade determined to attack the rebels on the 14th, and moving for ward for that purpose, found that they had crossed the Potomac on the night of the 13th, and escaped. In one of the terrible charges made by the rebels on our troops in the first day's battle, one of their regimental flags was seen to fall, with its bearer, about midway between our lines and the enemy's. Sergeant Solon Richards, of Company E, Seventh Wisconsin, started immediately to capture it. He BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 419 advanced to the supposed spot, but owing to the roughness of the ground, or the flag-bearer's ability to crawl off with it, he did not find it. The balls were flying like hail stones around the sergeant, and it seemed that he must be cut to pieces. But wishing to make his adventure pay, and espying two rebels who were hugging the ground for safety, he ordered them up, and brought them off prisoners, amid the cheers of the regi ment, receiving no harm himself, except a wound in the heel of his shoe. In the beginning of the battle, as Captain L. E. Pond, of the Seventh Regiment, was leading on his men to a charge, he received a wound in the breast, which the surgeon pro nounced fatal. As he fell his company (E) seemed to falter, until they heard his well-known voice, though faint, " Press on, boys; never mind me!" and they did press on with exas perated fury, to avenge the supposed death of their brave com mander. A little more than a month after, with the ball still in his body, Captain Pond returned to his regiment, answering those who advised him to resign, that he would not while he had sufficient strength to march with his company. Sergeant Robert W. Hubbard, of the same company, re ceived a mortal wound at Gettysburg on the same day. His last and only words, after the fatal ball passed through his body, were, " Tell my mother I died like her boy." He was a young man esteemed and respected by all who knew him. Lieutenant William Seward Winegar, of Company H, Second Regiment, killed in the battle of July 1st, was born in Stark, Herkimer County, New York, October 27th, 1840, but was brought by his parents to Bradford, Rock County, in this State, in the spring of his fourth year. He was brought up on a farm — one of the best of places — by his parents, but left laboring there at the age of nineteen, and entered Milton Academy, where much of the time for three years he was a successful scholar, and won the high esteem of teachers and students. When Sumter fell he decided to enlist and go with the first (three months) regiment, but that being full too soon, he and other student? if that institution joined Company H, of the Second Regiment, Winegar being at once made ser geant. Owing to sickness he was not in the first battle of 420 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Bull Run, but shared with his regiment in all subsequent engagements up to the battle in which he fell, pierced by a minie bullet in the right breast, and living only a few moments afterwards. Lieutenant Colonel George H. Stevens, who was mortally wounded in the battle of July 1st, and died on the 5th, was a native of New York city, where he was born December 3rd, 1831. He early evinced a taste for military life, and soon after the Astor Place riot joined the celebrated Seventh Regiment (National Guard), with which he was connected several years. In 1856 he removed to Milwaukee, and engaged in business; soon became connected with the Milwaukee Light Guard, as orderly sergeant of Company B, afterward a part of the Citi zens' Corps. In that position he received a silver medal, awarded for being the best drilled man in the company. In 1858 he entered on business in Fox Lake, and there organized the Citizens' Guard, which, on the fall of Sumter, became Company A of the Second Infantry, he being captain. Cap tains Converse and Jones, and Generals L. Fairchild and Allen, of that regiment, testify warmly to his great worth as a mili tary man. He was everywhere efficient as a soldier and officer, and cool and collected, yet brave and daring in battle, and his country owes him a debt of honor. He married Miss Harriet L. Purdy, of Fox Lake, and left a son and daughter. Let the soldier's orphan children ever be tenderly regarded. He was of a generous, earnest nature, had many friends, and one ex cellent thing said of him is, " His language was never pro fane." The wounded of the Wisconsin regiments were as follows : Second Regiment. Col. Lucius Fairchild, left arm, amputated; Major John Mansfield, Adjutant G. M. Woodward. Company A — 2d Lieut. Alured Lark, Sergt. A. D. Bennett, Sergt. George Hills, Corp. W. H. Thomas, Corp. Henry M. Hunt ing, L. M. Preston, Louis P. Norton, Fred. Martin, Rufus W. Clark, John Mason, R. J. Leiser, H. Heath, Charles Hayner, A. A. Niekerson, Albert T. Morgan, Robt. Mason, Chester C. Thomas, John Mason. Company B— Sergt. C. W. Forrest, Corp. C. C. Bushee, Corp. E. Markle, Corp. James Woodward, L. M. Baker, R. J. K. P. Bradford, Silas Castor, Geo. H. Easterbrooks, G. F. Marshall, Robert Scott, Syras Van Cott, E. D. Weeks. Company C— 2d Lt. Levi Showalter, Sergt. S. M. Train, Sergt. Philo B. Wright, Corp. G. W. Pritz, Corp. Wm. P. Crosby, C. M. Brooks, Alpheus Currant, Jefferson Dillon, William Ennig, William Prawly, J. W. Hyde, Valorous P. Kinny, Samuel Sprague, A. Parody, Charles fcaroin, Charles Hilger. Company D — Capt. E. P. Perry, 1st Lieut. Wm. A. Jamison, 2d Lieut. A. F. Lee, Sergt. Andrew Douglass, Sergt. Philander Wilcox, Edwin Atkinson, Samuel Creek, Samuel Eliot, Oliver Friddle, A. B. Heath Frederick Kustil, H. J. Langhoff, Hugh BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 421 Murray, John W. Scott, L. L. Turner, George Batchillber. Company E— 1st Sergt. W. S. Rouse, Sergt. J. Waite, Corporals Luke English, Wm. H. Boyd, C. Montgom ery and John Bancroft; John Burch, Sebantin Osterday, Gilman Clindinn, Fred. A. Zahn, Henry Heith, John Sexton. Company , .F— Capt. Wm. L. Parsons, Sergt. Charles A. Ives, Sergeant Charles Jewett, Corp. Cornelius North, Corp. John T. Christy, A. B. Adams, Thos. W. Cliff, Thos. Kelley, Thos. Lyons, Thos. Malcomson, Henry Powles. Company G— Sergts. S. H. Morrison and G. W. Blanehard, Corps. R. P. Batson and Wm. H. Church, W. S. Pratt, C. E. Riley, Patrick Molong, S. H. Nichols, Geo. Stalker, Dan O'Brien, M. M. Mohon, George Hill, J. T. Loomer, Homer S. Weetman, Howell Pixly. Company R— Sergts. S. M. Bond, T. D. Bohn, 0. A. Strand and T. H. B. Kelly, Edward Loonie, Edward H. Heath, ADen S. Bo- ker, Edward Bub, W. S. Block, Henry Chilcote, J. G. Charlton, Thomas Daily, Virgil Helms, Frederick Lythson, Geo. M. Morlett, E. R.Reed, G. M. Stone, John Smith, J. A. Thompson, E. S. Williams, Frank Wilkins. Company I— Corps. Luke Avery, Thos. H. Rowland, John M. Furze and Michael Walsh, Otis Evans, R. L. Gridley, W. Grant, Christian Klian, J. F. Johnson, W. M. Loofbourn, Chas. Milch, W. A. Owens, J. C. Prinn, Joseph Weber, Alex. C. Perry, W. P. Smith, Charles Doring.. Company E — Capt. John R. Spoerry, Sergts. August Wandery, Fred'k Goiser, Corps. Alex. Clark, John Wieland and John Paschke, Jacob Witting, Mar tin Ormbuester, Christian Semke, Fred'k Barber, Fritz Brand, Fridolin Luehsinger, Wm. Ramthen. Third Regiment. Lieut. Jasper Woodford, Company F; John F. Donovan and Nathan Tuttle, Company A; Andrew T. Shanks, Company B; Jesse Collins, Com pany C; Serg. John B. Dubois, Company E; George Kolb, Company F; Corp. John B. Garvis, Company G; Charles H. Curtis, Company G. Shaep- Shooters. Company G — Sergeant Henry Lye (died next day), John D. Jjemmon, Eli S. B. Vincent (died July 16th), Orris D. Hawley, Levi Ingalsbee, John C. Hauxhurst, Abner Johnson. Sixth Regiment. Company A— Lt Howard F. Pruyn, Sergt. Peter Stackhouse, Corps. Dayton, Hedges and Allison Fowler, Private John Hedges. Company B — Sergt. Marug, Privates Joseph Fachs, C. E. Bullard, J. F. Kelly, T. J. Hall, J. R. W. Harvey, C. A. Keeler, James McEwen. Company G— Lt. L. G. Harris, Sergt. J. Lenimon, Corporal Sykes, Privates W. Day, T. Young, S. W. Faulkner, A. P. Sprague, C. Green, L. Holford, A. Muller, H. Oviatt, C. Okey, W. Russell and A. Turk. Company D— Sergt. James H. McHenry, Corp. Theodore Huntington, Privates Geo. Hall, John Hanlon, Lorenzo Preston, Dugald Spear. Company E— Act'g Lt. Mangan, Corps. Dillon and Delaglize, Private Eiman. Company ^—Pri vates Casper Gehrmiller, August Schott, Albert Hocthausen, Philip Sehard and Christ Christian. Company G— Privates Royal Atwood, Fred'k J. Tuttle, Thomas Smith, Alonzo Clark. Company R— 1st Lt. John Beely, 2d Lt. H. B. Merchant, Sergt. Wm. Evans, Privates Thos. H. Polley, Bernhard McGinty, Theodore Lewis, George Augustine, Bath Keller, Louis Miller, Roger Bingham, John 0. Johnson, John Jinson, Henry Kolhepp and John Herdick. Company I— Corp. S. Goodwin, Privates J. B. Hill, C. 0. Jones, E. Lind, Wm. Sweet, G. Shriver, G. Thurbur and S. Walles. Company E — Lt. Wm. W. Remington, Serg. Van Wie, Privates James Sullivan, Silas W. Kemple, Charles A. Crawford, Peter A. Everson Wm. D. Han cock, Wallace B. Hancock, Lorenzo Pratt, Eugene P. Rose, William Revels, Hugh Taltey and Chauncey Wilcox. — 81. Seventh Regiment. Field Officer L't. Colonel Callis, severely. . Company A — Lt. James Johnson, Sergt. T. J. Buchanan, Corps. Jonathan Walrod, W. J. Cumminga and James Morrison, Privates Henry Barney, H. K. Lull, John Stadler and Gabriel Truckey. Company B— Capt. M. C. Hobart, Lt. C. Wicks, Privates H. Newell, A. Stoddard and Henry Sickles. Company G — Corp. Wm. Beasley, Privates Isaac McCollister, Lewis Winans, J. W. Euloe, August Erb, John C. Bolds, Wm. Neal, William Carlisle, A. J. Smith, Malcom Roy, E. Parker, W. W. Davis and James Armstrong. Company D — Capt. A. W. Bean, 1st Lt. A. J. Compton, 2d Lt. R. L. Estis, Sergts. Alexander Ivey and J. J. Hibbard, Corps. Walter Pierce, J. C. Mor-- gan, Philip H. Walker, Charles E. Kelly and Jas. Murphy, Privates W. Sylvester and Francis Fayaut. Company E— Capt. L. E. Pond, Lt. Henry Gibson, Sergt. N. B. Prentice, Corp. Elijah Mills, Privates Geo. J. Dewey, John C. Casey, W. L. Holcomb, Wm. L. Jump, C. A. Oshborn. E. R. Parks and E. A. Warring. Com- 422 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. pany F— 2d Lt. A. A. Kidd, Corporals William R. Ray, John J. Schloeaser, John Blackburn and John Bronson, Privates Thomas Garvey, Isaac Raymer, Danford Rector and Judson N. Carrier. Company G — Sergt. George Lytle, Corps. William Richards and Alexander McAsky, Privates P. F. Babcock, Stephen Durkee, Geo. Crocker, Fred. D. Best, Isaiah Altonburg and James C. Ingraham. Company R — Privates Nicholas Heber, Wm. A. Clark, Joseph J. Clark, John McLimans, John Shultz and William Fulke. Company I— Private W. Greenfield. Company E— 2d Lt. John W. Bruce, Color Sergt. Daniel McDermott, Privates Daniel Moriarty and Edward M Hopkins. — 80. Twenty-Sixth Regiment. Company A — Sergeant S. Junger, Corporals Conrad Grode and Adelbert Eyesenhardt, Privates George Kissinger, Philip Kissinger, Ed ward Seeliger, Herman Sentz and Charles J. Theime Company B — Lieut. Francis Lackner, Sergt. Wm. Steinmerer, Privates William Braacsch, Matthew Dornbach, Wm. Duchring, Albert Jahns, Bernhard Kuckkan, Chas. Kuhlmann, Julius Muller, Gottleib Rabe, Hermann Schultz, John Weissenbach and Fredk. Wendorf. Com pany G — Corp. Henry Klinker, Privates Johan Ayt, Charles Boye, Wm. Gerber, Peter Hoffmann, Rudolph Hunsiker, Mathias Zack, Nieolaus Paulus, Benedict Rig ger, T. Shaeffer, Carl Scherer and Morris Winkler. Company B — Sergts. August Bartsch and Leopold Melcholr, Corporal Peter Gutmann, Privates Wm. Frankseu, Friedrich Baer, John L. Gerhauser, Joseph Heilger, Heinrieh Rost, Ludwig Rohn, August Westhoff and John Wildhagen. Company E — Sergt. Casper Beuchnar, Privates Carl Kreuger, H. Brown, Carl Arndt; John Brown (prisoner), Isham L. Gross, Mathias Haertle, Nicholas Jenner, John Pommerich, Carl Reubeamers, John Schueller, Charles Steir, Christian Weiss, Ferdinand Waller and August Yapfe. Company F—IA. Otto Troemel, Privates Adolph Yodle, Franz Beuda, John Kampf, Abraham Kletsin, Gottleib Krueger, John Libal, Gerhardt Neiphaus and John Shi- monek. Company G — Lt. Ferstenberg, Corp. John Shultz, Privates George Dellen- bach, Bernhard Daul, John Fitting, Christian Franz, Chas. Franz, Chas. Hafeman, Jacob Heinz, Wm. Hughes, Peter Kuhn, Henry Miller, Gottleib Metzner, G. Schuk, Andreas Stubanus, Joachim Wiedemann, P. Walter, John Walter and Nicholaus Young. Company R — Sergt. Joseph Maschauer, Corps. Friedrich Ruesche and Philip Kuhn, Privates Ludwig Beck, Heinrieh Boehler, William Ehrmann, Adam Goeltz, Heinrieh Meiners, Joseph Steffen, Jacob Steinback, Friedrich Steinhaus, F. Thriele and Charles Wickesberg. Company I — Privates Carl Baluff, Louis Justin, Anton Neumeister, Frank Rerac, John Style, John N. Stilb and Adolph Weidner. Company AT— Privates Charles Grochowsky, John Goess, Gubert Mend- lock, Friedrich Sasse, H. Schroeder, P. Schneller and Leonhard Von Wald. — 115. "WJHTBRSI Enghctikg Oo-Ckic^g°- tfdi^ . ti? /?^L~^^ GOV. OF WIS-1860- 61 EWRAVED EXPflES SLY TOR-WISCONSIN IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.- CHAPTER XIV. GOVERNOR RANDALL AND, HIS ADMINISTRATION. HIS IMPORTANT SERVICES AT THE OPENING OF THE REBELLION, HIS DISCRIMINATING LANGUAGE RELATIVE TO THE SITUATION, HIS SUC CESS IN CALLING FOR TROOPS, HIS WISE PROVISION FOR THEIR WANTS, HIS PROMINENT POSITION AMONG OTHER GOVERNORS, AND HIS INFLUENCE AT WASHINGTON,— HIS APPOINTMENT AS MINISTER TO italt, — His address to the pope, — -his return to the united STATES, AND SERVICE AS FIRST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER GENERAL, HIS EARLY LIFE AND POLITICAL CAREER PREVIOUS TO THE WAR. The earlier history of the early regiments from "Wisconsin, in the war of the rebellion,' is; in part a biography of Governor Alexander W. Eandall. \fTo candid person, acquainted with the facts in the case, will deny that he was patriotic, earnest, and eflicient in furnishing troops for the war. "When treason broke forth upon the land, and the people needed that their rulers should be both wise counsellors and faithful servants, Governor Eandall was found fully qualified to sit as chief magistrate of one of the most vigorous and prosperous States of the Union. "When treason was seeking some plausible reason for her perjury, and some at the Worth even were apologizing for her infidelity, or justifying her madness, then Governor Eandall said to the Wisconsin Legislature, January 10th, 1861 : " The election of Mr. Lincoln was legal, and there was no just cause of complaint from any quarter." At that early date he had the penetration to see, and the ability compactly to state the true rela tion of the States to the Federal Government. He said : " This is not a league of States, but a government of the people. 424 WISCONSIN IN THE war. The General Government can not change the character of the State governments, or usurp any power not delegated ; nor can any State change its character or increase its rights." He had also the prophetic eye to use the following language : " The signs of the times indicate, in my opinion, that there may arise a contingency in the condition of the Government under which it may become necessary to respond to the call of the National Government for men and means to sustain the integrity of the Union, and thwart the designs of men engaged in an organized treason." Concerning the personal liberty laws in Northern States, of which some in the South had hypocritically complained, he said : " Personal liberty laws are found, or should be found, upon the statutes of every State. All States have them, both North and South, varying in their character and provisions, yet still personal liberty laws. The States never surrendered the right to protect the person of citizens. Every living human being has a right to a legal test of the question whether he is a free man or a slave. Yet all such laws should conform to the Constitution of the United States. * * But no fear, no favor, no hope of reward, no demand, no threat, should ever induce or drive a free people to break down the walls of their protection." Noble words ! Let President, Cabinet, Congress, all office-holders, all loyal people, never more swerve from protecting even the humblest, the poorest citizen in his rights ! Let them yield to " no fear, no favor, no demand, no threat !" Let them not sacrifice or endanger the life, liberty, or happiness of the lowest person in the land ! Let them show no favoritism, nor grant undue power over the weak to those who are yet disloyal, in opinion if not in purpose, or whose fealty to the Union has not yet had the probation of a twelve month! Governor EandalPs prompt and spirited proclama tion — given on a previous page — calling for troops immediately after the fall of Sumter, struck responsive chords in the hearts of the people. The success of the call is noted in the account of the great uprising of the people. He appealed immediately to the existing military companies of the State, twenty of which responded. Eight of them were embodied in the Eirst (three months') Eegiment, making all of the regiment except GOVERNOR RANDALL. 425 Companies B and I; four formed Companies A, B, G and I, in the Second Eegiment; four, A, D, E and G, in the Third Eegiment; two, F and G, in the Fourth Eegiment, and two, B and D, in the Sixth Eegiment. But other companies were immediately formed, and in seven days after the Governor's proclamation was issued, thirty-six companies had tendered their services for three months ; and yet all besides those of the First (three months') regiment enlisted for three years, except the Beloit company, which was largely composed of students, who had not calculated on a three years' absence. The Governor gave immediate attention to all the present and prospective wants of the troops, and soon began to prepare the way with the authorities at Washington to raise additional regiments. He at once took a prominent position among the Governors of the several States, who held frequent conferences for wise and concerted action, and in those councils rendered valuable service to the nation. He ordinarily sent a messenger to the field with each regiment, to watch over the interests of our soldiers by the way, and to do anything for their welfare, beyond the functions of regimental officers, that each day or hour might suggest. He frequently visited the regiments himself in their distant camps, especially after a battle, or any important change in their condition, as shown by allusions in regimental narratives. But, when the war broko out, there remained only eight and a half months of his second two years' term as Governor of the State, and as that time drew near its close, he received from President Lincoln the appointment of Minister from the Government of the United States to that of Italy. In his address to the Pope of Eome, on the subject of non intervention, he said : "lam directed, also, to assure His Holi ness that it is the settled habit of the Government of the United States to leave to all other countries the unquestioned regulation of their own internal concerns, being convinced that intrusion by a foreign nation, any where, tends to embarrass rather than aid the best designs of the friends of freedom, religion, and humanity, by impairing the unity of the States exclusively interested. It is happening to the United States now, as it happened to ancient Eome, and as has happened to 426 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. many other republics, that they are making the trial whether liberty can be preserved while dominion is widely extended. The Government of the United States asks the Government of Eome to continue its example of non-intervention, and to exercise its great influence in favor of a course of national justice among nations. The Government of the United States cannot ask or receive more, and it is confidently believed the Government of His Holiness will not propose to do less." In the same address he put the character of the war and its causes in their true light in the following : " It is not improper for me to say here, that the character of the war now existing in the United States, and the causes of that war, have been most grossly misrepresented, and are almost universally mis apprehended abroad. It is not resistance by the South to oppression, for there has been no oppression by the Govern ment, its officers or agents. It is not a struggle by the South for rights, for every right guaranteed by the Constitution, or ever enjoyed since the Government began, was protected and enjoyed, by and under the laws, at the commencement of the war. It is not a war of the North against the South, nor a war waged by one portion of the country to subjugate or con quer another portion of the country. It is a war of principles. It is treason and rebellion on the one hand, and law, order, and constitutional government on the other. On the one hand it is the rebellion of disaffected, ambitious, bad men, who desire,, not to change the form of the government or the char acter of the government, but to destroy it altogether. On the other hand it is a struggle for peace, law, stability, liberty, government itself. It is government and existing institutions against an armed rebellion seeking to overthrow them." Concerning the final result of the conflict, he made the following dignified and patriotic prophecy: "However the accidents of fierce conflicts may temporarily vary the appear ance of the strife, it is certain that the government will sustain itself. It is certain, because, under God, justice is always cer tain. This causeless, inexcusable, wicked rebellion will be crushed — ground as between an upper and nether millstone. The government is in the right ; it has the will and the power. It will come out of the conflict stronger than ever before, with GOVERNOR RANDALL. 427 elements of power newly developed, and prepared for sterner quarrels, if they must come — to vindicate its honor, maintain its rights, and the rights of its people. It is like the fabled rook, so aptly poised that while the touch of a child might jostle it to its centre, yet no opposing human force could move it from its foundation." Unquestionably Governor Eandall performed an important service for our country by his official visit to the Government of Italy at that early stage of the war, and contributed toward fixing the policy of non-intervention with American affairs among foreign nations. That being done, he soon tired of remaining abroad while the agitations and dangers of an unprecedented intestine war oppressed our country at home. He accordingly resigned, and, while Major General King, of "Wisconsin, succeeded to his place, he received the appoint ment of First Assistant Postmaster General, which office he proceeded to fill. Governor Eandall is a native of New York, but had been a resident of "Wisconsin about twenty years when the rebellion broke out. He practiced law in Waukesha many years, and was postmaster there under President Tyler's Administration. He acted with the Democratic party from 1844 to 1848, but with free soil tendencies supported Yan Buren instead of Cass, in the latter year ; and yet four years later, in 1852, supported Pierce and King. He was an anti-Barstow advocate in the division among the Democrats of the State from 1849 to 1853, and in 1854 was elected to the Assembly of the State from the Waukesha District, as an independent Democrat, though act ing with the Eepublicans in the next session of the Legislature. In the autumn of 1855, he was the Eepublican candidate for Attorney General, but the whole ticket, except the candidate for Governor, was defeated. When Judge Hubbell resigned his place as Judge of the second circuit, in 1856, Governor Bashford appointed him to that office, which he filled with much ability. In 1857, as the Eepublican candidate for Gov ernor, he was elected, and was reelected in 1859. He has had a successful career as a politician, in the better sense of the term; and while he rendered important services to the country, especially at the opening of the war, the fortunes of 428 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. war, by calling for those services, contributed to his success as a public man. Some men remain in comparative obscurity for want of the opportunity to be developed and known, but such has not been the ordering of Providence with Governor Eandall. PART III. WESTERN DEPARTMENT— EARLIER HISTORY. FROM SUMTER TO VICKSBURG. I.— GOVERNOR HARVEY AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. II.— OPENING OP WAR AT THE WEST. III.— FIRST INFANTRY— REORGANIZED, FIRST YEAR. IV.— EIGHTH AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY — FIFTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND TWELFTH BATTERIES TO ISLAND NUMBER TEN. V.— FOURTEENTH, SIXTEENTH, AND EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY TO PITTSBURG LANDING. VI.— CORINTH AND IUKA, AND WISCONSIN TROOPS ENGAGED. VII.— FOURTH INFANTRY AND CAVALRY TO PORT HUDSON. VIII.— FIRST CAVALRY TO NASHVILLE. IX.— SECOND CAVALRY TO VICKSBURG. X.— THIRD CAVALRY, AND NINTH AND TWENTIETH INFANTRY. XL— ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH, INFANTRY TO VICKS BURG. XII.— TENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY TO CHAPLIN HILLS. XIII.— BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS, AND WISCONSIN TROOPS ENGAGED. XIV.— BATTLE OP STONE RIVER, AND WISCONSIN TROOPS ENGAGED. XV.— VICKSBURG : THE BATTLES, THE ASSAULT, THE SIEGE, AND NUMEROUS WISCONSIN TROOPS ENGAGED. ^^^^^^x^^^e^ GOV. OF. WIS. 1862 fi^l/^AVED TiXPRESSL-' FOR" WISCONSIN IN THEVMIOFTHEREHELIICIK CHAPTER I. GOVERNOR HARVEY AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. HIS NATIVITY AND EARLY LIFE, SELF-DEPENDENCE, COLLEGIATE EDUCA TION, SUCCESS AS A TEACHER, TALENT AS AN EDITOR,— POPULARITY AS A POLITICIAN, MARRIAGE, LIFE AS A MERCHANT, CHARACTER AS A REFORMER, SERVICES AS AN OFFICER OF THE STATE, WORDS CON CERNING THE DEATH OF SENATOR DOUGLAS, EXECUTIVE MESSAGE, COLLECTION OF SUPPLIES FOR THE, BATTLE-FIELD, VISIT. TO PITTSBURG LANDING, AFFECTING INTERVIEW WITH THE SOLDIERS, DEATH, FUNERAL, MOURNING. Louis Powell Harvey, who became Governor of the State of Wisconsin in January, 1862, and whose life was so mysteriously and mournfully cut off a fe"w months afterward, was born^in East Haddam, Connecticut, July 22d, 1820: When he was eight years of age his parents removed to Strbngville, Ohio, where, laboring themselves, they taught their son the honor able employment of manual labor. He early manifested a commendable ambition to rise to some importance in the world, and as his parents could not lavish on him the means and facilities of wealth, he was not ruined in that manner, but summoned himself to the true method for every youth — that of self-dependence. He was thrown entirely upon his own resources before he was nineteen years of age. He entered the Freshman class of Western Eeserve College, at Hudson, Ohio, in 1837. Soon after Governor Harvey's death, Eeverend Mr. Brown, in a meeting at La Crosse, spoke of him thus : " As class-mates and members of the same literary society j and boarders in the same family, our acquaintance was of the most intimate kind. I can bear testimony to his early charac- 432 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ter, that it was without a stain. He was a noble youth. With brilliant talents, good scholarship, and pleasing manners, he became a favorite among his fellow students. He was impul- , sive in temperament, of unbounded wit and humor, yet ; chastened by Christian principle. He possessed that rare quality of true nobility, a promptness to retract an error, or confess a wrong. When a sharp word or sally of wit had wounded the feelings of a fellow student, I have seen him repair to his room, and with a warm grasp of his hand, and a tear in his eye, say : " Brother, forgive me if I have hurt your feelings ! " Being straitened in means, he worked a portion of his leisure hours at bookbinding. In the junior year he was compelled to leave and seek employment to enable him still to pursue his studies." Eesuming his studies, he was obliged to leave college before graduating, on account of ill health. He subsequently engaged as teacher in Nicholsonville, Kentucky, and afterward as tutor in Woodward College, Cincinnati. After two years spent in the latter position, he came to Kenosha (then Southport) in this State, and there opened an academy in December, 1841. Two years after, he added to the useful and laborious calling of teacher that of editor of the Southport American, a Whig newspaper, which he made a spirited and vigorous sheet. He was earnest, genial, courteous; and though a politician, he won favor with all classes, was often put forward for office by his party, and generally, or always, ran ahead of his ticket. He industriously cultivated the art of addressing an audience, manifested decided ability as a speaker, and afterward distinguished himself as a good platform orator, and an excellent debater in the State Legislature. Like his gubernatorial predecessor, he was postmaster a short time, under President Tyler's administration. He always manifested a deep interest in the public schools of the State, and though rising in usefulness and public esteem, he never became inflated with pride or conceit, which, with many, is at once the index of their weakness and the cause of their fall. He was a consistent and decided temperance man, abstaining from all intoxicating drinks, as a beverage, and was a commu nicant in a Congregational Church. s GOVERNOR HARVEY. ' 433 In 1847 he married Miss Cordelia Perrine, and removed to Clinton, Eock County, where he entered upon mercantile life. In the autumn of that year he was elected to the second Con stitutional Convention of the State, in which he was a highly influential member, and where his powers as an able debater were brought into useful requisition. Subsequently he became a resident of Shopiere, the same county — which provedjto be his last earthly home — and of his services there, Eeverend Mr. Brown, before quoted, thus speaks : " He purchased the water power, tore down the distillery, that had cursed the village, and in its place built a flouring mill and established a retail store, and exerted a great influence in reforming the morals of the place. A neat stone edifice was built, mainly by his munifi cence, for the Congregational Church, of which he was a member, and his. uncle, Eeverend 0. S. Powell, settled as its pastor. It is a coincidence worthy of remark, that Mr. Powell came to his death also by drowning, at Fort Atkinson, July 2d, 1855." He was soon after elected to be State Senator, then to be Secretary of State, and in the autumn of 1861, to be Governor of Wisconsin. His rapid rise from one step of important public trust to another, shows the high satisfaction he gave, at least to his own political party, and also indicates that he was no dead weight upon his party to sink it. At a meeting of the citizens of Madison to express their sentiments in regard to the death of Honorable Stephen A. Douglas, Mr. Harvey — then Secretary of State — paid him a merited tribute for his patriotic position relative to the rebel lion, and near the close of his remarks indulged in a strain which, alas ! soon became very fitting in regard to himself. Two sentences were these: "We may well wonder at the in scrutable Providence which snatches him from us, in the full vigor of his manhood and the maturity of his powers, just whem apparently, he was entering upon a new career of usefulness. * * . * * Laden with matured deeds and honors, and blooming with promises and powers for greater usefulness to his country and humanity, we mournfully consign him to the grave and to history." Governor Harvey's message after his inauguration received 28 > 434 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. very high commendation throughout the State, as simple, pointed, and unambitious in style, systematically and clearly arranged, exceedingly comprehensive and suggestive as to the state of the country, and wise in recommendations for the action of the Legislature. Many said that no message from any other Executive of the State had ever excelled it; some, that none had equaled it. It was the first annual message after the opening of the war. Concerning our duty to the General Government he said : " In every emergency the Ad ministration should be made to feel the strength and consist ency of that will by which the destiny of a great nation was confided to its direction. I do not deny sharing largely in the prevailing impatience ; I do not underestimate the demoraliz ing influence of delay upon armies and public opinion ; but I believe the Administration means as honestly by the country — as honestly by the sacred cause of liberty — as any faction opposing it. It possesses alone the power to act for us ; and we must, per force, stand by it, or take the alternative of faction and ruin to our cause. History teems with examples of the malign influence of discontent, and the uneasy ambition to lead in times like these." Immediately after the battle of Pittsburg Landing, Governor Harvey asked of Surgeon General Wolcott a list of such articles, and their relative quantities, as would be most ser viceable on the battle-field, and the doctor telegraphed accord ingly. The articles were soon at the command of the Execu tive — sixty-one boxes from Milwaukee, thirteen from Madi son, nine from Janesville, six from Beloit, and one from Clinton — and he was on his way to the bloody scenes of the war — his last journey from the State, the last earthly one he ever made. Mr. J. M. Bundy, then of the Milwaukee Wisconsin, reported •the Governor's conduct on the route as follows : " Although pressed with a thousand cares in making the arrangements for our trip, he made it his duty, at Cairo, to visit our wounded in the hospital boats, taking them each by the hand, and cheering them, more than can well be described. As he came round among them, his heart full of kindness, and his face showing it, tears of joy would run down the cheeks of those GOVERNOR HARVEY. 435 brave fellows, who had borne the battle's brunt unmoved, and they lost at once . the languor which had settled on them. Then', at Mound City and Paducah, in the hospitals and on . the hospital boats, it would have moved a heart of stone to witness the interviews between the Governor and our wounded heroes. There was something more, than formality in those visits, and the men knew it by sure instinct. When we went ashore at Savannah for a few hours, on our way to Pittsburg, these scenes became still more affecting. Over two hundred of our wounded were there, suffering from neglect and lack of kind care. The news of the Governor's arrival spread, as if by magic, and at every house those who could stand clus tered around him, and those who had not raised their heads for days sat up, their faces aglow with gratitude for the kind looks, and words, and acts, which showed their Governor's tender care for them. At times these scenes were so affecting that even the Governor's self-control failed him, and he could not trust himself to talk." During the passage he stood by the flag of the Cross as well as by that of his country. While ascending the river to Pitts burg, a day for national thanksgiving occurred, when, at a meeting in the cabin, the President's proclamation was read, and Governor Harvey joining in the religious services, made a religious as well as patriotic address. Daniel Hall, Esquire, of Watertown, who was with him in that journey, remarks : " Such always was the high respect for the Governor, that no rough language or conduct, in his presence, could escape from even those accustomed to such things elsewhere." When he reached the camp of the Wisconsin regiments at Pittsburg Landing, the scene was interesting and touching beyond description. There were hundreds of sick and wounded men wbo had been rushed into battle only a few weeks after leaving their State, losing terribly in comrades and officers, and were now sunken in suffering and gloom. When it was announced that their Governor had come, an electric thrill of joy started them up from saddened groups, and from couches wet with tears and blood, and collected them in crowds to feast their eyes on one smiling face, and to hear words of cheer and praise from the chief magistrate of their 436 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. much-loved, far distant Wisconsin. He worked unremittingly among the men to alleviate, in every possible way, their suffer ings, and to fill them with courage for the present and the future — an effort they well repaid. He carefully ascertained who had distinguished themselves in the battle, and took their names in order to promote them — a good resolve he did not live to fulfill. On Saturday mprning, April 19th, Governor Harvey bade farewell to the soldiers at Pittsburg Landing, and went down to Savannah, ten miles below, on the Tennessee Eiver. It was not expected to take a steamer for Cairo until the next - morning, and some of the company had retired for the night, on board the Dunleith, lying at the wharf. But at ten o'clock in the evening the Minnehaha hove in sight, the party were aroused, and Governor Harvey, with others, took position near the edge and fore part of the Dunleith awaiting the oppor tunity to pass to the approaching boat. As the bow of the Minnehaha rounded close to the party on the Dunleith, the Governor stepped back on one side, either for convenience or to get beyond harm, and the night being dark and rainy, and the timber of the boat slippery, by some mis-step he fell between the two steamers. Dr. Wilson, of Sharon, being near, immediately reached down' his cane, which the Governor grasped with so much force as to pull it from his hands. Dr. Clark, of Eacine, jumped into the water, made himself fast to the Minnehaha and thrust his body in the direction of the Governor, who, he thinks, once almost reached him, but the current was too strong; the drowning man, it is supposed, was drawn under a flat-boat just below, and when his life was despaired of, Dr. Wolcott and General Brodhead, of Mil waukee, and others of the party, made diligent and long search to recover the body of the lost one, but in vain, until some children found it sixty-five miles below. Citizens there buried the remains, which were disinterred, brought to Madison, laid in State in the Assembly Chamber, and buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, near the Capital, Eeverend M. P. Kinney, of Janes- ville, conducting the religious services. Lieutenant Governor Edward Salomon entered the Guber natorial chair, and issued a proclamation for a " day of rest GOVERNOR HARVEY. 437 and cessation from business, to commemorate the death of the late Governor," and on the day appointed, Thursday, May 1st, at the State Capitol, introduced the public services by a brief appropriate address, and President Chapin, of Beloit College, pronounced a fitting and eloquent eulogy. Numerous other eulogies and funeral sermons were delivered throughout the State, the press was draped in mourning, and teemed with the language of sorrow, and the people of the State were deeply moved with grief. The language of the Psalmist came to the thoughts and lips of some — "I said, 0 my God, take me not away in the midst of my days;" and many chided themselves because they had not more thoughtfully and fervently prayed that the Lord would not take away the late Governor of the Commonwealth in the midst of his days. CHAPTER II. THE OPENING OP WAR AT THE WEST. secession, refusal to furnish troops, disturbances in missouri. patriotism and worth of general lyon, battles of carthage, dug springs, and wilson's creek, death of general lyon, general Fremont's proclamation, — modified by the president, — battle at lexington, zagonyl's charge at springfield, free- mont succeeded by hunter, and hunter by pope, battles of bel mont, wild cat, munfordsville, and mill spring, capture of forts henry and donelson, by grant and foote, halleck relieving grant of his command, the dying wisconsin soldier at fort donelson. When Sumter fell, the United States Government had no military force except 16,006 regulars, who were principally stationed at the West, to hold in check the wild Indian tribes. When the President called for 75,000 volunteers, the Gover nors of Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas and Missouri, at the West, refused to furnish their quota, and Virginia and North Carolina at the East, though requisition was made upon them all. Yet the patriotic citizens of Missouri soon raised a volun teer force of 11,445 officers and men — twelve organized regi ments — and on December 1st, 1861, they had furnished 22,130. But the government of the State, and that of St. Louis, were in rebel hands. Governor Jackson was a determined seces sionist. But Captain Nathaniel Lyon was in command of three hundred regulars at the St. Louis Arsenal, and he — an able, brave, and loyal man — was of great importance to the Union cause. April 20th, the rebels seized the arsenal at Liberty. On the night of the 25th, Captain James H. Stokes, communi cating with Captain Lyon, removed the valuable contents of the OPENING OF WAR AT THE WEST. 439 St. Louis arsenal — 20,000 muskets, and other arms and ammuni tion — first to Alton by steamer, and then to Springfield, Illinois. General Harney arrived at St. Louis May 12th, and took com mand. He made a truce with the rebel Price, which was dis owned at Washington, and he being recalled, General Lyon succeeded him. He soon occupied the strong strategic points of the State with troops. April 20th, Cairo was occupied by Federal authority, and a strong military force, under Colonel Prentiss, was concentrated there. On June 12th, Governor Jackson, of Missouri, fled from the capital of the State, having first issued a proclamation calling for 50,000 troops to repel the Union forces, whom he termed " invaders " of the State. His troops rendezvoused at Boones- ville. General Lyon issued an address to the people, counter to the one that Jackson had published, and then rapidly collecting his forces moved upon the enemy, under Colonel Marmaduke, at Boonesville, where he fell upon and defeated them, losing two killed and. ten wounded, and killing and wounding forty rebels, . and taking a large number of prisoners, besides capturing arms, clothing, and stores. On June 23rd, Colonel F. Sigel arrived at Springfield, in the south-western part of the State. He was quickly followed by Colonel C. E. Salomon, in command of the Fifth Missouri Infantry, a three months' regiment, and our fellow citizen, Frederick Salomon, of Manitowoc, being in St. Louis/ at the commencement of the war, joined that regiment as captain, and served under Colonel Sigel through the campaign in South- Western Missouri. After some daring movements, July 5th, Sigel broke camp near Carthage, to find the enemy a few miles north. He had only nine companies of the Third Missouri Infantry, seven of the Fifth, and eight field pieces ; while the rebels had 5,500 men — nearly half mounted, and a battery of five guns. The battle began at half-past nine o'clock in the morn ing, and at eleven o'clock the enemy's centre was broken, their twelve-pounder was silenced, two secession flags had been shot down — when they displayed a State flag, which was not fired at— and disorder prevailed in their ranks. At two o'clock their cavalry attempted to out-flank the Federals, who be gan to retire to their baggage trams in the rear; then fol- 440 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. lowed Sigel's celebrated masterly retreat, in the face of the enemy, back to Carthage and thence to Sarcoxie. On the evening of the same day, the rebels, Jackson, Parsons, and Eains, in pursuit of Sigel, were joined by Price, Ben McCul- lough, and General Pierce, and unless the retreat had been made, the loyal forces must have been captured or destroyed. General Lyon moved at once upon Springfield, and there Sigel joined him. The Federal loss in the battle of Carthage was thirteen killed, and thirty-one wounded, while the rebels suf fered more severely. Major General John C. Fremont was appointed to the "De partment of the West," July 9th, and assumed command late in the month. General Lyon, learning that the enemy were clos ing their lines around Springfield, with 15,000 or more troops, summoned all his available forces — about 5,000 — and pushed out to meet the rebel columns. August 2d, they were seen advancing, and Lyon drew up his forces for battle, hoping the enemy would come forward and attack. As they would not, he feigned a retreat, leaving a decoy, and when the rebels pursued, the decoy — five hundred infantry and a company of cavalry — opened fire upon them with great effect, and an enthusiastic Federal under-officer of the infantry crying, " Charge," thirty regulars dashed forward, the cavalry rushed to their support, and the rebels broke and ran. Larger forces then advanced from both sides, Totten's well-aimed guns were put in position, and the enemy fled. This was the battle of Dug Springs. General Lyon finding that the Confederates had retired to join other forces and make an attack on Springfield from the west, returned to that city, and when, the enemy had reached Wilson's Creek, ten miles south of Springfield, advanced on the night of August 9th, to make an attack upon them, he leading one column to an assault in front, and Sigel the other to fall upon their right. The rebels had 20,000 men, a force so much exceeding our own that General Lyon knew he must take them at some disadvantage or suffer defeat. About five o'clock in the morning of August 10th, he made the attack, which was stubbornly resisted, and a fierce and long battle ensued. Over hills and through valleys went our troops, OPENING OF WAR AT THE WEST. 441 under General Lyon, defeating the enemy at various points, our batteries doing excellent service, and the enemy continu ally receiving reinforcements. General Lyon, exposing him self too much, had already received two wounds, and had a a horse shot under him, and now proposed to lead a regiment of Iowans to a charge. As they were just ready to rush for ward, the enemy advanced near enough to fire upon us, and the brave, the noble General Lyon fell, greatly mourned by all the loyal people of the land. General Sturgis took command, and obtained further suc cess, but, not knowing whether Sigel had made an attack, such was the roar of battle, and our artillery ammunition giving out, he commenced a retreat. General Sigel had advanced upon the enemy, and routed and pursued them some distance, when, learning that General Lyon was also successful, and observing that his cannon ceased firing, and that troops were'' advancing toward him, he supposed them to be Federals, until they approached and opened a terrible volley upon his lines. Our men still believed that by mistake Lyon's troops were firing upon them, until disorder, confusion, and irreparable flight succeeded. But after General Sturgis' last repulse of the enemy they began a retreat in one direction, while the Federals, destitute of ammunition, went in the other. The Federal loss was two hundred and sixty-three killed, seven hundred and twenty-one wounded, and two hundred and ninety-two missing. The loss of the enemy, was four hundred and twenty-one killed, and over one thousand wounded. Our forces, after the battle, were too small to repulse further advances of the enemy, and all that portion of the State fell into their possession, as General Lyon foresaw would be the ease unless they were then defeated. A disgraceful and distressing guerrilla war fare followed. August 14th, General Fremont declared martial law in St. Louis, and, on the 30th, throughout the State, and also the confiscation of all property of those in arms against the Gov ernment, and the freedom of all their slaves. He was subse quently charged with paying enormous prices for muskets and labor on fortifications, as if himself in complicity . with con- 442 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR, tractors to rob the national treasury. But he had 20,000 men without arms, and doubtless his Austrian muskets, at that time, were worth all they cost. September 11th, Presi dent Lincoln modified Fremont's proclamation of freedom, making it apply only to slaves who were employed on rebel military works, while it at first applied to all slaves of those found in arms against the Government. September 16th, Price, with 5,000 rebels, assailed Colonel Mulligan in an intrenched camp at Lexington, Missouri, and was repulsed ; but on the ~20th Mulligan surrendered, after suffering a continuous assault and bombardment for fifty-nine hours. On the 27th Fremont, with 12,000 men, started in pursuit pf Price, who commenced a retreat toward Arkansas, having gathered much plunder from the country. But the rebels; made a stand near Springfield, where they hoped to defeat Fremont as they had driven back Lyon's forces, and then press on to St. Louis. In the latter part of October, General Sigel resolved to ascertain the strength and disposi tion of the enemy at Springfield. He selected for the purpose the celebrated "Prairie Scouts," commanded by Major. Frank White. They had just returned from the recapture of Lexing ton, and as they advanced were joined by Zagonyi, under orders from Fremont. Zagonyi had with him one half of Fremont's body guard, and only one ration, and taking com mand of the whole force, made a forced march of fifty-one miles in eighteen hours. Major White was sick, and was taken prisoner, and barely escaped murder afterward; and his Scouts, by some confusion, failed to have part in the charge, Eeaching the outskirts of the city, Zagonyi and his brave band met 2,100 rebels, including four hundred cavalry, and were themselves three hundred ! The Hungarian commander gave liberty for any to go back if they would. None with drew ; they made ready, dashed upon the enemy with drawn sabres, turned hither and thither, drove down a rocky hill, made flank attacks upon the rebels here and there, ran the gauntlet in numerous places, gained entrance to the village, drove and scattered the enemy in all directions, and then retired. Major White having escaped, and captured his captors, entered the town the next morning with a small band, OPENING OF WAR AT THE WEST. 443 had a garrison of twenty-four men, and put twenty-two of them on guard, received a flag of truce from the enemy, and granted them permission to bury their dead, and finally withdrew. The Guards lost fifty-three killed, wounded, and missing, and the Scouts thirty-one. November 2d, General Fremont was relieved from command, and General Hunter temporarily succeeded him. November 7th,. the battle of Belmont was. fought, General Grant in com-- mand, the Federals defeating the rebels, capturing and des troying their camp, and then retiring in the face of superior numbers, with a loss of eighty-four killed, two hundred and eighty-eight wounded, and two hundred and thirty-five missing. December 7th, General John Pope was assigned to the command of all the Federal forces between the Missouri and Osage Eivers, his army being composed largely of Fremont's old troops. Meanwhile, in Kentucky, the rebel General Zol- licoffer engaged and defeated the Unionists at Wild Cat, October 21st. But on the 22d the rebels were routed at West Liberty, by Nelson's command, and at Munfordsville, Decem ber 17th, by Willich's German (Indiana) Eegiment. January 19th, General Thomas defeated the rebels Zollicoffer and Crittenden, at Mill Spring, with heavy loss, General Zollicoffer being among the slain. November 18th, Captain Andrew H. Foote (afterward com modore and admiral) was placed in command of the fleet oper ating in the western rivers. Early in February, 1861, he was at Cairo, with a number of gunboats, and General Grant was also there with several thousand troops at his command lying idle. They consulted together, and concluded that they could go up the Tennessee and capture Fort Henry, and General Grant sent a dispatch to General Halleck, at St. Louis, in about these words : " Commodore Foote and myself are of the opinion that we can capture Fort Henry, on the Tennessee. Have we your permission to do so?" The only reply that came, and the only order, was a dispatch in these words, " Take and hold." They lost no time in moving, and captured Fort Henry as they intended. General Halleck, as soon as he heard of its 444 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fall, sent forward a large amount of intrenching tools, and ordered them to fortify and make safe their position, but Foote and Grant, not stopping for that, moved at once on Fort Donelson, and speedily captured it. This last capture was probably made entirely without orders. Two weeks after, the capture of Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland Eiver, an order from General Halleck reached General Grant, directing him to move his troops across to Fort Henry, on the Tennessee, where he would find transports to take him up that river. He was much rejoiced on receiving the order, and immediately put his army in motion, and pro ceeded to Fort Henry with his staff. The next day after his arrival he received an order from General Halleck, unaccom panied by any explanation, relieving him of his command, directing him to remain at Fort Henry, and appointing Gen eral C. F. Smith in his place. This must have greatly sur prised General Grant, though he did not manifest it, and said but little on the subject. Here was a man who had achieved the first real success for our arms by the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, successes which had electrified the whole country, summarily struck down without one word of explan ation. What could possibly be the reason ? The next day- saw the telegraph line completed to Fort Henry, and the first dispatch that came through was from General Halleck, at St. Louis, to General Grant; and the substance of the message was as follows : " Why have you not sent reports of the con dition of your command ? Your failure to do so, has greatly deranged military plans. Your having gone up to Nashville without orders, when your presence was much needed at Fort Donelson, has been much censured at Washington, and I have been advised to place you in arrest." To that dispatch General Grant replied substantially as follows : " I have sent you reports as often and complete as the situation of my command would allow, and have written you as often as twice a day every day since the capture of Fort Donelson, and have done all in my power to keep you fully advised of the situation. I went up to Nashville because I believed I could serve my country by doing so, and not to serve any personal purpose of my own. If my actions have BOMBARDMENT OF FORT DONELSON. 445 not been satisfactory, I respectfully ask to be relieved from the service." He was not relieved, but through the interposition of friends was soon restored to his command. Whether he ever ascertained what the malign influences were that secured his temporary disgrace is not made public. He probably never took any trouble to learn, as he was always disposed to bide his time, and allow his reputation to take care of itself. There was foul usage somewhere. The circumstances that led to the movement against Forts Henry and Donelson were as before stated, but all the news papers of the country in the interest of General McClellan were claiming all the glory for him. "See," said they, "you who have been so impatient at his delay. The anaconda has begun to wind his constricting coils about rebeldom, and you seethe result! See how beautifully his plans are disclosing, and with what stunning effect !" On the other hand, the papers in the interest of General Halleck were full of glorification of him. " See his masterly strategy," said they. " This is what comes of having a man with brains at the head of the department." The truth is, that neither of those generals had anything to do with the planning of the capture of either of those forts, and there was no strategy about it so far as they were concerned. In the capture of Fort Henry, the land forces, under General Grant, were taken in transports to within a few miles of the fort, and at ten o'clock, February 6th, commenced their march over hill-tops, while the gunboats proceeded up the river to within six hundred yards of the Confederate batteries, and commenced firing. The action continued one hour and a quarter, when the rebel flag on the fort was hauled down, and General Grant being delayed by high water and muddy roads, most of the Confederate troops — 4000 or 5000 men — escaped. Eighty-three were taken prisoners, among them Brigadier General Tilghman, and a large amount of stores fell into our' hands. The boiler of the gunboat Essex was pierced with a shot, wounding and scalding twenty-nine officers and men. On the afternoon of February 14th, Commodore Foote com menced the attack on Fort Donelson, with four iron-clad boats 446 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and two wooden ones. The firing continued one hour and a quarter, when the wheel of one vessel and the tiller of another being shot away, and others having suffered injury, he retired to Cairo for repairs. General Grant, with less than 28,000 men, invested the fort on the 13th, drew up closer on the 14th, and then intended to partially fortify and await the repairs on the gunboats. But on the 15th, his right, under General McClernand, was vigorously attacked, and a* bloody contest of several hours ensued, when the enemy was repulsed. Then General Grant ordered a charge to be made by General Charles F. Smith on the left, which was bravely done, and a part of the rebel intrenchments were gained and held that night, the other Confederate flank having been atta'cked at about the same time by General Wallace. During the night Generals Pillow and Floyd withdrew, with about 5000 troops, and the next morning General Buckner surrendered 10,000 soldiers, forty pieces of cannon, and extensive magazines of ordnance, and quartermasters' and commissary stores. On the Confederate side 231 were killed, and 1,007 wounded, and on the Union side more. The first seven Wisconsin regiments having been ordered to the Eastern Department, and the few other regiments from that State being in other localities at the West, we had no Wisconsin organized force in the battle either at Fort Henry or Fort Donelson. But Charles Carleton Coffin, the author of " Winning his Way," tells the story of a single soldier in the battle of Fort Donelson, whose parents were in Wisconsin. He was mortally wounded, and as he lay on the field asked a passing stranger to overhaul his knapsack and hand him his Bible. He took the precious book, which his mother gave him when he joined the army, and asked the stranger to write to his mother and tell her that he had read it every day, according to his promise — that he had tried to do his duty to his country and his God — that he would like to live, but was not afraid to die, and was not sorry that he enlisted. Then he said, " Write to my sister. She is a sweet girl. I can see her now — a bright-eyed, light-hearted, joyous creature. Oh, how she will miss me ! Tell her to plant a rose-bush in the garden and call it my rose, that little Eddie, when he grows up, may DYING SOLDIER AT FORT DONELSON. 447 remember that his eldest brother died for his country. They live away up in Wisconsin !" " Then he took a photograph from the Bible. It was the picture of a dark-haired, black-eyed, fair-featured girl, and he gazed upon it till the tears rolled down his cheeks. He drew his brawny hand across his face and wiped them away, but the effort started the bright blood flowing in a fresher strain. ' It is hard to part from her,' he said ; ' she promised to be my wife when I came home from the war.' Then he touched the picture to his lips, and gazed upon it till his sight grew dim with approaching death, when he laid the photograph and the Bible on his breast, closed his eyes, and was gone." CHAPTER III. FIRST INFANTRY— REORGANIZED. FIRST YEAR IN THE SERVICE. REORGANIZATION, ROSTER, MOVE MENT TO KENTUCKY, WINTER SERVICE AT MUNFORDSVILLE, "ON PICKET," BATTLE AT MUNFORDSVILLE, MOVEMENT TO NASHVILLE, SEVERE SKIRMISH, MOVEMENT TO COLUMBIA, ROGERSVILLE, AND FLOR ENCE, SKIRMISH AT BAINBRIDGE FERRY, AT CHATTANOOGA, AT HUNTSVILLE, RETURN TO NASHVILLE, TO PERRYVILLE. The next day, after the three months First Eegiment was mustered out of the service, its late colonel was commissioned as the commanding officer of the three years First Eegiment. The enlistment and re-enlistment went on rapidly, and definite orders for reorganization were received on the 28th of August, the same month. The companies began to rendezvous at Camp Scott, Milwaukee, and, the organization being perfected, the regiment was mustered into the United States service by companies, October 8th to 19th, by Captain Trowbridge. The following was the original roster of the regiment. Colonel — John C. Starkweather. Lt. Colonel — David H. Lain. Surgeon — Lucius Dixon. Majors— George B. Bingham. 1st As. Surgeon — James Crugom. Adjutant — Henry L. Franklin. 2d As. Surgeon — Dan'l B. Diefendorf. Quartermaster — Harry Bingham. Chaplain — James McNamara. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A— John C. Goodrich. S. Babcock. W. W. Watkins. B — Henry A. Mitchell. John M. Cosgrove. James White. C — Robert Hill. ^ William Gibbins. Hiram Sheldon. D — Henry A. Starr! William S. Mitchell. Cha's H. Messenger. ¦Sfc^VA.HEilKas- FIRST INFANTRY. 449 Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. E— Donald C.McVean. George E. Scott. Edward Haley. F— M. M. Samuels. William J. Vincent. Pembroke V. Wise. G— Edwin Bloodgood. W.H.Wilson. Ch'aYG. Robinson. ; H — Eugene Gary. Gilbert E. Bingham. . John C.' McMullen. I — Oran Rogers. A. C. Heald. James F. Brooks. K — Thomas H. Green. Roswell M. Sawyer. Henry Stone. The regiment was ordered, October 27th, to move and report for duty to General W. T. Sherman, at Louisville^ Kentucky. On the morning of the 28th, Milwaukee was full of people and excitement to witness the departure of these soldiers. They were escorted to the cars by Companies A and K of the Tenth Eegiment, under command of Colonel Chapin, and by the Milwaukee Light Infantry, preceded by a fine band of music, all accompanied by thousands of people, and greeted throughout the line of march by the waving of white hankerchiefs and loud huzzas. Colonel Starkweather was mounted on a fine horse, the gift of the officers of the regiment. These minutiae indicate the general tenor of the people. The regiment went "for three years, or the war." Some conjectured that six months might terminate its service, scarcely one supposed that the three years' time would be required. The thought flashed through the minds of some departing soldiers, and of some of their friends, that possibly they might never return — a fear, alas ! that was realized by many more than seriously considered it then. A great crowd of people gathered around the cars as they began to be filled with troops; some were bouyantly, laughingly saying "good bye," and some were hiding tears that had no cause for shame, and needed no concealment. As the steam horse moved on his track, many felt that he drew a great and precious freight, offered a sacrifice on the altar of a beloved country. The third day thereafter, the last day of October, the regi ment, having proceeded by the way of Chicago and Indian apolis, entered Camp Sherman, on the north side of the Ohio Eiver, opposite Louisville, Kentucky. This was at Jeffer- eonville, Indiana, and according to one account was on the farm of General Bright. . November 16th, the: regiment moved 29 450 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to the mouth of Salt Eiver, Kentucky; December 3rd, to Elizabethtown ; and the next day reported to General Jamea S. Negley, at Camp "Nolin," on the Louisville and Nashville Eailroad, having been assignecHo his (seventh) brigade, second division. December 11th, they moved to BacOn Creek, and constructed a bridge across that stream; and on the 17th moved to Munfordsville, where the regiment remained nearly all winter, engaged in the usual routine of fatigue, drill, and picket duties. The soldier's service on picket is a large and important part of his military life, and makes on his mind a vivid impression, and give him sometimes a singular, or ludicrous, . though generally a monotonous, experience. In the journal of Ser geant Charles G. Lyon, Company B, First Eegiment, who was mortally wounded at the battle of Chaplin Hills, were found, after his death, the following lines, by George Bleyer, dated, Mooresville, Alabama, August, 1862. They aid in obtaining a glimpse of one phase of the soldier's life. Probably the author was Lieutenant George Bleyer, of Company A, Twenty- fourth Wisconsin Infantry, who was wounded in the battle of Stone Eiver, and died January 24th, 1863. ON PICKET. 'Tis midnight ; in a lonely strip of wood With darkness draped — a pall of solitude— I walk my beat with, measured step and slow, Then, like a; drunkard, stagger to and fro, Intoxicated by the drugs of sleep ; My eyes are heavy, yet strict vigils keep j Imagination fills my drowsy brain With scenes of battles — fields of maimed and slain ; The stumps and bushes into phantoms grow, The shadows shape- themselves into the foe. There is no moon, and not a star I see, Altho' I know they shine on shrub and tree, By the faint streaks of silvery, wandering light, That now and then bewilder sense and sight. Like the poor felon in his dungeon deep, I pray each beam my company to keep, And light my lone and solitary place. How long Will morning screen her rosy face ? Hark 1 hear that crash among the bush and leaves— FIRST INFANTRY. ' 451 Still,: still, my nervous heart, your throbbing heaves Tou flutter like some frightened captive bird. Hush 1 for your throbs by others may be heard, And thus betray the covert where I stand, Grasping my musket with a firmer hand ; My drowsy eyes open wide and peer Into the gloom. Again the noise I hear j And now a form of tall, gigantic size, From out the earth, as 'twere, I see arise. Slowly it moves, but with its forward strides Into a human form and shape it glides. My heart beats slow again, my speech I've found, My challenge stern the ghostly woods resound ; It proves a "friend," and not a wily foe ; The secret talisman it whispers low ; I let it pass toward the sleepy camp : A soldier from a chicken forage tramp. December 17th, at Munfordsville, a desperate fight took place between the Thirty- second Indiana (German) and a regi ment of Texan Eangers. It was a hand to hand conflict, and a complete discomfiture of the Texans, whose commander, Colonel Terry, was killed. The battle did much to disabuse the Southern mind of their " five to one" idea. The Wiscon sin First was marched down to the bank of the river, and wit nessed the engagement, but were not permitted to cross. The rebels there for some time, under Generals Tilghman and Buckner, occupied the south bank of the Green Eiver, and the Union forces, under General Buell, the north bank. While in that camp Colonel Starkweather was regarded by his own men, and many others, as the best drill officer in that whole department. On February 14th, 1862, the regiment moved toward Nash ville, passed through Bowling Green, which was evacuated by the rebels on their approach, and, March 2d, reached Edge field, on the north bank of the Cumberland Eiver, opposite Nashville. The colonel of the First Wisconsin was there appointed Provost Marshal of Edgefield, and a portion of the troops being left with him, the others crossed the river, Gen eral Mitchell's division being in the advance, and passing through the city amid the greetings of the negroes, and the scowls, and soraetimes weeping of the whites, halted three' miles beyond and went into " Camp Andy Johnson." 452 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The next day five companies were sent out on picket and outpost duty, and at six o'clock on Sunday morning, the 9th, a portion of Company B, that had not been sufficiently pro tected by other troops, was attacked by the enemy at a dis tance of twelve rods, and J. W. Greenly fell, the first Union soldier, Adjutant General Gaylord says," "who gave his life for the Union in Tennessee." Two others were severely wounded, Corporal Henry F. Smith, and Private John Fitzgerald, both of Company B. The soldiers were driven back upon the reserve of the company (says one correspondent), and all upon the Thirty-fourth Illinois Eegiment, when the enemy were repulsed, having three of their number killed and four wounded. Another account, given by " Marion," a correspondent of the Daily Wisconsin, Milwaukee, says that this " brilliant skir mish" was on " Granny White's Pike ;" that the enemy were two hundred dismounted cavalry; that Lieutenant James S. White, having command of Company B, made a masterly movement which deluded the rebels as to the Union strength, and gave our troops at the same time the protection of a stone wall; that then Company C, under Lieutenant Hiram Shel don, coming to the rescue, the enemy mistook these troops for heavy reinforcements and fled ; and that then General Eousseau sent out the Thirty-second Indiana Eegiment, under Colonel Willich, to reinforce the picket and pursue the rebels. The same writer notes the following coincidences; that it was Company B, in both this and in the three months' First Eegi ment, that was first in battle, one in the south-west, and one in Virginia, and that Private Greenly was wounded in this skirmish in three places nearly the same with the wonnds of Sergeant Warren Graham, in the battle of Falling Waters. Young Greenly died, it is said, talking of his mother — a name generally more often in the soldier's thoughts than that of any other absent earthly being. Previous to this date five of the regiment had died of typhoid fever in the hospital at Louisville. They died in the service of their country not less than the slain. Their names will be found in the list of those who died of disease. Others barely escaped death there by the same disease, among them FIRST INFANTRY. 453 Sergeant, afterwards Lieutenant Henry 0. Montague, Com pany B. The almost constant rains, the dampness of the ground, and the deep and prevailing mud, sowed wide-spread the seeds of disease and death. Some were laid aside by rheu matism. Lingering consumption was the fate of others. One writer of the regiment remarks : " It makes one sad to walk through the company streets at the hour of midnight, and hear the hollow cough in almost every tent. I often weep when I pass through the ' streets' on guard, the rain pouring down, and the only requiem with the pattering of the large drops on the tents being the hollow, sepulchral cough of the soldiers." But high hope — some hopes not to be realized — buoyed up the hearts of those brave and self-denying men. Often the story came to them, even at that early day, that the rebellion had about collapsed. But what changes in the mode of war fare had yet to take place! Correspondents of that time speak of guarding the property of rebels, and of returning their fugitive slaves. All that had to pass away. March 29th, the regiment moved with General Negley's command toward Columbia, Tennessee, where it arrived April 2d, and' went into Camp Walker, and on the 5th General Starkweather was assigned to the command of a brigade, com posed of his own regiment, the Thirty-fifth Indiana, Companies D and F of First Battalion Pennsylvania Cavalry, and one section of Artillery. Captain Hill, of Company C, was detached about this time as Assistant Adjutant General, on General Negley's staff. Generals Mitchell's, Thomas', and McCook's divisions were in that vicinity On the 7th of that month General Starkweather moved his brigade forward to . a point two and one-half miles beyond Mount Pleasant, and took a position on a branch of Bigby Creek, where they remained some time, making reconnoissances and keeping open the communication between troops north and south. Five weeks afterwards the Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteers, and Fifth Kentucky Cavalry, were assigned to that brigade, and the whole body marched toward Eogersville, on the Tennesee Eiver, and the next day to Florence, to destroy all the boats there, having a skirmish with the enemy at Bainbridge Ferry, 454 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. driving him from his ferry boats and shelling him out of his camp, and thence returned to Columbia, having marched one hundred and eighty-seven miles in ten days. At Columbia the command was divided into smaller bodies, and assigned to ¦building and guarding railroad bridges, roads, and telegraph lines. Captain Green, of Company K, was appointed Provost Marshal of Columbia, and confiscated a large amount of Con federate property. On the 24th of May, Company K was relieved by Company •C, as provost guard at Columbia, and on the 28th Companies A, B, G, and K> under command of Major G. B. Bingham, accompanied other troops of General Negley's division in an expedition against Chattanooga, Tennessee, where, opposite that place, they had a skirmish with the enemy, and thence moved on to Huntsville, Alabama, where they remained until August 18th. Here and around Columbia the design of the military movements were in part, by constant watchful ness, rapid marches, and decisive assaults, to prevent the organization and concentration of rebel forces. A portion of the troops moved to Shelbyville and Battle Creek, where the Indiana, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania troops were separated from the brigade. On July 6th, in a skirmish with the enemy, we lost one killed, four wounded, and five missing, but were victorious. On the 19th, the First, and a section of artillery, moved to Mooresville, and remained there nearly a month. General Buell's order to the troops at that place was, that they take noneof the summer fruits or grain of the enemy ; which order, however, seems to have been a dead letter ; and there was witnessed an example of our warfare at the time, in the tele graphic message from that commander, to return certain cap tured arms and ammunition to the rebel citizens of the vicinity. Not all our commanding officers had yet learned that the enemy was too insane and determined to be appeased by concessions and kindness. But, August 13th, our troops were again on the march, by order of General Buell, to destroy all the boats in that vicinity on the Tennessee Eiver, which was done. On the 18th the First was ordered to Nashville, where it took up a position on the FIRST INFANTRY. 455 Edgefield side of the river. The Government having found it impracticable to support a band for each regiment, that of the First Wisconsin was mustered out of service, and the non commissioned officers presented Fife Major Eobinson with a silver fife. He was in the Mexican war, and belonged to the noted First Ohio in the battle of Bull Eun, and had already been engaged in nine, battles. Having once received informa tion from a negro of a provoking secession flag near Camp bell's Station, he obtained permission from Lieutenant Colonel Lane, for himself and a few others, and eaptured it. At Nashville, Brigadier General L. H. Eousseau assumed command of all the troops, and the First Wisconsin was relieved from the seventh brigade and assigned to the twenty- eighth, where it was associated with the Seventy-ninth Penn sylvania, Seventeenth Kentucky, Twenty-fourth Illinois/and the First Kentucky Artillery, to which were afterward added the Fourth Indiana Artillery, and the Twenty-first Wisconsin Volunteers. Colonel Starkweather was put in command of this brigade, and it was ordered, September 14th, to move in advance toward Bowling Green, which was being threatened 'by General Bragg and his forces. On the 16th it moved to -Nashville, and on the 28th toward Perryville, in pursuit of the retreating enemy. The battle of Chaplin Hills was fought on the 8th of October, in which the First Eegiment bore a con spicuous and noble part, described in another chapter. CHAPTEK IV. EIGHTH AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY: FIFTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, AND TWELFTH BATTERIES. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO ISLAND NUMBER TEN. — The Eighth Infantry, ITS ORGANIZATION, ROSTEH, DEPARTURE, IN ST. LOUIS, MARCH TO PILOT KNOB, BATTLE OF FREDERICKTOWN, AT SULPHUR SPRINGS, — ADVANCE TO NEW MADRID. — The Fifteenth Infantry, — ITS ORGANIZA TION, ROSTER, DEPARTURE FROM MADISON, MATERIAL, RECEP TION AT CHICAGO, AT BIRD'S POINT, COLUMBUS, HICKMAN, ISLAND NUMBER TEN, — EXPEDITION TO UNION CITY. — Fifth Battery, — ORGAN IZATION, — ROSTER, — MOVEMENT TO NEW MADRID. — Sixth Battery, — OR GANIZATION, ROSTER, MOVEMENT TO BIRD'S POINT, TO STKESTOWN, — MARCH TO NEW MADRID. — Seventh Battery, — ORGANIZATION, — ROSTER, — MOVEMENT. — Twelfth Battery, — FORMATION, — OFFICERS, — A PORTION TO NEW MADRID. — Capture of New Madrid,— Reduction of Island number Ten. The capture of New Madrid and the reduction of Island Num ber Ten, involved so much resolution, toil, and marvellous execution, that an account of the procedures should be given, together with a particular notice of the part performed by Wisconsin troops. Preparatory to this, a history of the two regiments and four batteries from this State engaged in those exploits, will first be presented, from their origin to the time of their concentration in that enterprise. EIGHTH INFANTRY. The Eighth or "Eagle" Eegiment was organized on the 4th of September, 1861, with Colonel Eobert C. Murphy, of St. Croix Falls, as its commander. The following is a list of the field, staff and company officers : EIGHTH INFANTRY. 457 , Colonel — Robert C. Muepht."- ' Lieut. Colonel — Geo. W. Robbins. Surgeon — Samuel P. Thornhill. Majors- John W. Jefferson. 1st As. Surgeon — William Hobbins. Adjutant — Ezra T. Sprague. 2d As. Surgeon — Joseph E. Murta. -Francis L. Billings. Chaplain — William McKinley. Captains. A— J. B. Redfield. B — David B. Conger. C— J. E. Perkins. D— W. J. Dawes. E— Wm. C. Young. F — James H. Green. G — Wm. B. Britton. ,H — Stephen Estee. T — M. M. Baker. K— W. P. Lyon. First Lieutenants. Melvin Patchen. John A. Smith. Victor Wolf. B. S. Williams. James M. Gilbert. Zenas Beach. C. P. King. L. F. Munsell. A. 0. Hickok. A. E. Smith. Second Lieutenants. R. J. Baker. CD. Stevens. Seth Pierce. H. Williamson. M. H. Helms. James Berry. R. D. Beamish. P. B. Willoughby. Henry M. Lathrop. J. 0. Bartlett. This regiment was but a short time in camp before moving from the State. On the morning of October 12th, at half-past nine o'clock, it left Madison, en route for St. Louis, all in fine .spirits. Says the Madison Journal of that date, " The depart ure was managed better than that of any regiment that has yet left Camp Eandall. Within half an hour from the time the cars were ready, the regiment, with all its baggage, band, and officers, were on board, and the two trains, of fifteen cars each, were in motion. The second train stopped a few mo ments at the depot, but was bowling across the bridge at twenty-five minutes before ten o'clock." On the evening of ,the 13th, the regiment arrived in St. Louis, where it was received by the Secretary of War, Mr. Cameron, and Adjutant General Thomas, who paid it a marked compliment. As this was the first regiment from Wisconsin that had passed through that city, it attracted general attention. The march to Benton Barracks created a marked sensation ; and this was especially increased by the appearance of an American live eagle, that was conspicuously elevated by the side of their colors. They entered the barracks nine hundred and eighty-six strong. The men were early destined to meet the enemy. On the next day, the 14th, orders were received to march to Pilot Knob, Missouri. The enthusiasm of the regiment was immediately '458 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. manifested in the most unequivocal manner. N The air resounded with shouts of the wildest joy. The right wing, under Lieutenant Colonel Eobbins, set out ¦for Victoria, thirty-five miles away, on the Iron Mountain Eailroad. They went, however, farther than this on the 15th ; for a late hour of the night found them at De Soto, ten miles beyond Victoria. It was a stormy night, and the men lay upon their arms, in the rain. The next morning the left wing joined them. The regiment then proceeded,. October 17th, as far as Big Eiver Bridge. Here they found that the enemy, a few days before, had captured our little guard of thirty-five men, and burned the bridge. The loss of this bridge was a great embarrassment, for it compelled the soldiers to transport the regimental baggage across the river on their backs, the dis tance of half a mile, wading the river waist deep, and con suming four hours of time. They were then free to go to Pilot Knob, except Company G, which was detached to guard the baggage. On the 20th other forces were added to the regiment, and the whole, under command of Colonel Carlin, of Illinois, proceeded toward Frederiektown, twenty-two miles off. The famous " Jefferson Thompson " was reported to be at that place, with 4,000 men. To find him the troops marched all night, and the next morning discovered the retreating enemy near Greenville. Our men, greatly fatigued with this heavy march, were glad to lie down in the streets. At three o'clock in the afternoon they moved again, and at the distance of a mile and a half found the enemy arrayed in line of battle, and a desperate fight ensued. It was supposed that Thompson had retreated a long dis tance. But hearing, that our forces from Cape Girardeau were only one thousand, and not knowing that they had been joined by the little army from Pilot Knob, he awaited the approach of the Federals, that he might meet 1,000 with 4,000 — a dis proportionate number that quite suited him. Major Jefferson, of the Eighth Eegiment, says : " A negro boy was the first to inform our advance forces of the whereabouts of the enemy. He ran out of some brush, saying, ' De Lawd Massas, de woods over dar am just full ob dem cesheners!' His remarks at first . EIGHTH INFANTRY. 459 were ridiculed, no one believing but what the enemy was twenty-five miles distant." But soon our men were arrested by a shot from a twelve* pounder. Major Jefferson continues : " I met the major of the Twenty-first Illinois, and asked, ' Can we have come upon the enemy?' He replied, 'Oh no, sir; it is impossible — •Thompson is twenty-five miles distant.5 Then came another shot. I said, ' That means fight, as sure as you live.' I had not finished speaking before the whole artillery force com menced firing, and within three minutes more the sharp sputter of musketry was heard. The most intense excitement and fright prevailed among the inhabitants of the towm Women and children were -running to and fro^ seeking cellars and other places of concealment. Every person and thing that could move was moving. Our regiment was now ready, and took the double quick step down the street toward the battle-ground. The day was very warm, and the men, to facilitate their movements, commenced stripping off their loose clothing and threw it along the road side. After we had pro ceeded two-thirds of the way to the battle-ground, we were ordered back to the Court House for the reserve force, and to support some heavy artillery which was planted near that build ing, and at the end of the street leading to the battle-ground. In half an hour the wounded commenced to be brought in — some shot in the head, some in the leg, some with an arm off, and so on. The whole country resounded with the echo of our men's cheers and yells as they charged the enemy. The battle lasted one hour and a half, and I think it was one of the most brilliant and complete victories we have had during this war. " I was on the battle-field, and it presented a horrible pic ture. The dead and wounded were strewn in every direction; one rebel was shot through the heart, while he was astride of a rail fence which he had attempted to climb over. He died ' on the fence,' with one hand clinched, and the other grasping his old rifle. Ten yards from him lay Colonel Lowe, of the rebel army. His horse had been killed, and he had dis mounted, and a few minutes after he was pierced through the head by a minie ball." One account states, that " the regiment 460 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. was held as a reserve, and it is related of them, that it was almost impossible to keep the men under subjection, they were so eager to take a hand in with the rebels." The next day after the battle the united forces marched toward Greenville, and bivouacked at ten o'clock at night. The following day they countermarched for Fredericktown, which was reached at four o'clock in the evening. This was the first battle in which the Eighth Eegi ment had the honor to assist in defending our nation. The loss of the united forces was comparatively small, it being but eight killed and thirty-three wounded, while the enemy's was about three hundred killed and wounded. October 24th, the regiment went into camp at Pilot Knob. During the whole expedition they subsisted on short rations, and bivouacked without blankets or tents, losing only one man. They remained at Pilot Knob, on guard duty, until they took part in an expe dition up the St. Francis Eiver, from which they returned November 15th, having marched one hundred and fifty miles. Thence they moved to Sulphur Springs, arriving there Novem ber 25th, where they found the Eleventh Wisconsin, who. had arrived a few days previous. Colonel Murphy assumed com mand of the post, and the men made rapid proficiency in camp and drill duties. While at this point Major Jefferson, with five companies, was detached as a guard for different places along the Iron Mountain Eailroad. They remained here until January 17th, 1862, when the regiment was ordered to Cairo. The barracks, near Fort Defiance, at that place, was their home, and guard duty was the principal occupation. At Mound City Company K was detached to guard that post, and did not rejoin the regiment until April 14th. Detachments were furnished at different times from the remainder of the regiment as guards for rebel prisoners until the 4th o'f March, when they left Cairo, having received orders to join General Pope's command at New Madrid. Detachments from the regiment were now employed to rebuild the bridges on the Cairo and Fulton Eailroad, which had been destroyed some time before. They worked thus until the 10th of March, when they arrived within two miles of New Madrid, where they remained over night, and the next morning were sent to join General Plummets command, by the road about twenty-three FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 461 miles distantj near Point Pleasant. They had no cavalry to defend them, yet they reached that camp in safety on the morning of the 12th. THE FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. The formation of this regiment was commenced at Camp Eandall, in December, 1861. Its members were chiefly com posed of the Scandinavian population of the State. The Hon orable Hans Heg, formerly State Prison Commissioner, became colonel of the regiment, and under his supervision its organi zation was effected. He had previously been renominated as commissioner, but a desire to serve his country in the field led him to choose the duties of a soldier. He was a Norwegian by birth. The regimental roster was as follows : Colonel — Hans C. Heg. Lieut. Colonel — David McKee. Major — Charles M. Reese. Adjutant — Hans Borchsenius. Quartermaster — Ole Heg. Surgeon — Stephen 0. Himoe. 1st As. Surgeon — S. J. Hansen. 2d As. Surgeon — G. F. Newell. Chaplain — C. L. Clausen. Captains. A — Andrew Torkildsen. B — Ole C. Johnson. C — Frederick R. Berg. D — Charles Campbell. E — John Ingmundsen. F — Chas. Gustaveson. G — John A. Gordon. H — Kund J. Sime. I — August Gasman. K — Mons Grinager. First Lieutenants. Eman'l Engelsted. Joseph Mathieson. Hans Hansen. Albert Skofstadt. Wm. Tjentland. Thor. Simonson. Henry Hauff. Andrew A. Brown. Reynard Cook. Ole Peterson. Second Lieutenants. Oliver Thompson. George Wilson. John T. Rice. C. E. Tanberg. John M. Johnson. Svend. Samuelson. W. A. Montgomery, John L. Johnson. Martin Russell. Olaus Lolberg. On the 2d of March, 1862, the regiment left Madison amid the cheers of the people, particularly of the men and women of their own nationality, having been escorted to the depot by «• the Sixteenth Eegiment, Colonel Allen, who gave them their hearty good wishes and an earnest farewell, with the voice* of booming cannon. The Fifteenth had nearly nine hundred men, a few of them Americans, while some of the Norwegians had been in America less than a year. The material of the 462- WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. regiment looked hardy and active, and some of its number had served in foreign armies. On. their route to Chicago they encountered a snow-storm, and at one point were obliged to shovel their way through it, but at that city they were cordially met by the Scandinavian Society " Nora," and by them pre sented with a flag, having on one side the American colors with gilt stars on a blue field, and on the reverse the American and, Norwegian arms united, the Norwegian being the picture of a lion, with an axe, on a red field. From Chicago they pro ceeded by rail to Alton, Illinois, and thence by steamer to St. Louis, where they were ordered to Birds' Point, Missouri, opposite Cairo, and at that place they disembarked, March 5th, and encamped. On the 14th, leaving six companies to. garrison Bird's Point, they embarked on the transport Silver Wave, and joined a fleet of seven gunboats, ten mortar boats, and twelve transports, and reaching Columbus at noon of that day, they occupied the town, then but recently evacuated by the enemy. Thence they proceeded by water to Hickman^ Kentucky, where they repulsed a small rebel force, and then reembarking, joined the Federal forces before Island Number Ten. There the regiment served on picket and siege duties till the 30th, when they joined an expedition of 1,500 men to Union City, Tennessee, fifteen miles from Hickman, to capture a force of rebels there. They left Hickman at two in- the after noon, and went to within four miles of Union City, where they camped for the night. The march was rapid. Everybody was arrested on the road that was likely to advertise their ap proach. Scouts were in advance for this purpose, and guards were stationed around houses in the neighborhood where they stopped. The next morning, at twenty minutes before seven, the first shots of the pickets were heard, and soon after our artillery opened on the rebels, who fired their camp and fled, leaving swords, pistols, and much clothing behind them, and. their horses and mules tied to posts, or harnessed and partly hitched to wagons. Among other trophies taken was a secession flag, captured by Company G, on which was in scribed, " C. S., H. C, [Hill's Cavalry,] Victory or Death," from which it should be legitimately inferred that the whole FIFTH AND SIXTH BATTEREES. 463 regiment was killed, since that was the only, alternative of: victory. FIFTH BATTERY. This battery was recruited at Monroe, Green County, under the superintendence of Captain Oscar F. Pinney, and afterward moved to Camp Utley, Eacine, where they were mustered in on the 1st of October, 1861. The following is the first roster of their officers : Captain — Oscar F. Pinney. Sr. 1st Lieutenant — Washington Hill. Sr. 2d Lieutenant — Almon Smith.1 Jr. 1st Lieutenant — C. B. Humphrey. Jr. 2d Lieutenant — G. Q. Gardner. Surgeon — William H; Smith. They left the State one hundred and forty-nine strong, for active service, on the 15th of March, 1862, having spent the winter at Eacine, chafing with impatience at their detention; They reported to the commander at St. Louis, Missouri, for orders on the 16th> and on the 19th embarked and proceeded down the river to New Madrid. SIXTH BATTERY. This battery was known, as the "Buena Vista Artillery," and was recruited at LoneEock, Eichland County, in Septem ber, 1861, under the superinteudence of Captain Henry Dillon, and mustered into the United . States service on the 2d of October, at Camp Utley, Eacine, with the following roster of officers : Captain — Henrt. DillOn. Sr. 1st Lieutenant — S. F. Clark. Sr. 2d Lieutenant — J. W Fancher. Jr. 1st Lieutenant — T. R. Hood. Jr. 2d Lieutenants— Daniel T. Noyes. Surgeon — rClarkson Miller. They left Eacine for active service on the 15th of March, 1862. At Chicago they took the cars for Alton, where they arrived at noon of the 16th, when they took a steamer to St. Louis, arriving at the latter place at five o'clock in the even ing of the same day. They there marched to Benton Barracks, 464 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. four miles west of the river, and remained thirty-six hours, when they again marched to the river and embarked for New Madrid. A break in the machinery of their boat compelled a delay until noon of the 19th, when they steamed down the river to Cairo, where they made a brief stop and sailed on to Bird's Point. Here they left their baggage, and went by cars twenty-five miles to Sykestown, and at three o'clock in the evening started on a march from that place to New Madrid. Marching twenty miles that night through the rain and mud, they bivouacked when it became too dark to move any farther. The next morning they moved early to New Madrid, and reported to General Porfe. SEVENTH BATTERY. This battery, under the name of the " Badger State Flying Artillery," was recruited and organized in Milwaukee, during the summer and autumn of 1861. Captain Eichard E. Grif fiths superintended the organization, and the troops were mus tered into the United States Service October 4th, and on the 8th the battery went into Camp Utley, at Eacine, which was at that time the rendezvous of artillery. Its officers were as follows : Captain — R. R. Griffiths. Sr. 1st Lieutenpmt — H. S. Lee. Sr. 2d Lieutenant — A. B. Wheelock. Jr. 1st Lieutenant — G. E. Green. Jr. 2d Lieutenant — Samuel Hays. Surgeon — L. C. Halsted. It remained with the other batteries that were raised at that time until the 15th of March, 1862, when it left the State for active service. It arrived at St Louis on the 16th, and quar tered at Benton Barracks. On the 19th it went down the Mississippi, landing at New Madrid on the 21st. Previous to reaching New Madrid they had a march through the mud, which was very exhausting to new troops. The Fifth and Sixth Batteries accompanied them to this point. I TWELFTH BATTERY. * , This battery was recruited in February and March, 1862, by NEW MADRID AND ISLAND NUMBER TEN. 465 Captain William A. Pile, of Missouri, by special permission of Governor Harvey. The men were sent to St. Louis in squads, as fast as enlisted, with the understanding that they were there to. form ,a part of the First Missouri Artillery, as the Twelfth Battery of Wisconsin Volunteers. In the latter part of March a portion of the men thus recruited were temporarily attached to a Missouri battery, and sent to New Madrid, to take a part in the siege of Island Number Ten. The original roster of officers of this battery was as follows: Captain — William A. Pile.* Sr. 1st Lieut. — Wm. Zickerick. Sr. 2d Lieut. — W. H. Hamilton. Jr. 1st Lieut. — William Miles. Jr. 2d Lieut. — NEW MADRID AND ISLAND NUMBER TEN. When Forts Henry and Donelson fell, Columbus, the rebels' stronghold at that time on the Mississippi, was flanked, and they evacuated it, and concentrated at two strategic points- Island Number Ten and New Madrid. In the Mississippi Eiver, between Cairo and New Orleans, are one hundred and twenty-four islands, numbered in their order, the first being a few miles below the mouth of tbe Ohio. Near the point where the States of Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri, corner upon each other, lies the Island Number Ten, in an abrupt bend of the river to the north and west, and ten miles beyond where the river changes its course again to its southerly direc tion, on the right hand or Missouri bank of the stream, lies New Madrid, which the rebels made the base of their move ments toward St. Louis. For a long distance on both sides of the river in that vicinity, the ground is sunken and swampy, so that the Tennessee shore, opposite Island Number Ten, is itself nearly an island, and only one entrance exists to New Madrid from the country beyond the swamp, and that by a plank road. General Beauregard, a noted engineer, having been appointed to the rebel western department, superintended the construc- * Captain Pile's commission was revoked by the Governor, with the approval of the War Department, on the 18th of July, 1862. 30 466 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. tion of the formidable fortifications on the island, whioh is about one mile long and a half mile wide. On the 21st of February, General Halleck ordered General Pope to collect a military force at Commerce, on the west side of the Mississippi, above Cairo. The last week in February he moved from that point, with 40,000 men, for New Madrid, seventy-five miles distant. The roads were very bad, and the march very severe, but March 3rd he arrived before the place, and found that it was occupied by five regiments of infantry and several companies of artillery. In the fortifica tions at the lower' end of the town were fourteen heavy guns, and seven at the upper end, with intrenchments between. In the river near by were six rebel gunboats, carrying from four to eight heavy guns each, and looking frowningly down upon our forces on the low ground beyond the river bank. Twelve miles below New Madrid was Point Pleasant, by occupying which, with heavy guns on the bank of the river, New Madrid and the island would be blockaded. General Pope assigned Colo nel Plummer to the task of posting a blockading force there. NEW MADRID AND ISLAND NO. TEN. A— Cypress Lake. B — Gunboat Channel. C— Cypress Pond. D — Mill Pond. E — Wilson's Bayou. P— Transports. G— GrUIIBOATS. H — Mortar Boats. J^-.Line Lake. K — Reel Foot Lake. L — Rebel Batteries. M— Rebel Gunboatb jl. Batteries. P — Poiei- Pleasant. R— B:j)dle's Point. T — Tiptonville. CAPTURE OF NEW MADRID. 467 He chose a very dark and rainy night; so as to avoid discovery by the enemy on the gunboats, and not daring to take the high ground on the bank of the river, he drew the heavy cannon through the miry swamps beyond. It was a severe and painful undertaking, and broke down the health of some of the soldiers. Soon after getting the guns into position, two Confederate steamers came plowing along up the river, and were aston ished at the sudden cannonade and infantry firing that flashed upon them from Point Pleasant. They quickly turned back, and did not repeat the attempt to ascend the river, but sent all their supplies to their comrades above overland from Tip tonville, on the Tennessee side. General Pope also sent Colonel Bissell's engineer regiment to Cairo for four heavy siege guns, which they transported across the river, and con veyed to Sykesville by railroad, and thence dragged twenty miles through the mud. They arrived at New Madrid March 12th, and that night being dark and rainy, and thus favorable to concealment, the rebel pickets were driven in, and those guns placed in two small redoubts, with a curtain between, and rifle pits for two regiments in front and flank, within eight hundred yards of the enemy's main defence, and commanding both it and the river above. At daybreak the next morning they opened upon the enemy, and received in reply his whole artillery force on land and water, and soon the additional fire of reinforcements brought down from the island. In a few hours three heavy guns in the enemy's works were dismounted, and several gunboats silenced, and though the cannonading continued all day, only one of the Federal guns was disabled. The day's experience convinced General McCown, in command of the rebel land force (aided by Generals Stewart and Gantt), that he could not hold the town, and at night, in a rain storm, he suddenly evacuated and crossed to the Tennessee side, leaving thirty- three pie,ces of artillery, thousands of small arms, magazines of ammunition, many horses, mules, and wagons, and tents for 10,000 men, to fall into Federal hands. Fifty-one of our own men were killed and wounded, and probably more of the Con federates, who left some of their dead unburied. Our troops 468 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. quickly turned the guns upon the river, to prevent the ascent of any rebel steamers, and New Madrid at once became the base of operations against the island. The evacuation occurred on the night of March 13th, and the next day a fleet, under Commodore Foote, of eight gunboats, ten mortar-boats, and a large number of steam tugs, advance- boats, and transport steamers, left Cairo for the scene of action. The bombardment of the Island was the next step, and it was important that land batteries should cooperate with the fleet Colonel Bissell reported that it was impossible, on account of the sloughs and miry nature of the ground, to construct a road from New Madrid, on the Missouri side, up to the head of the land opposite the island, so as to plant batteries there. The next thing to be attempted was to land a large Federal force on the Tennessee side, opposite New Madrid, to cut off the communications of the enemy between the island and main land. For that enterprise transports were needed, and gunboats to protect them ; but to steam them down from the fleet above, .incurring the fire of a hundred or more guns on the island and in batteries on the east shore of the river, was deemed nearly impossible. A citizen of New Madrid sug gested to General Schuyler Hamilton the plan of cutting a canal for steamboats from the river above the island across the neck of land to New Madrid, the distance being twelve niiles, half of it through heavy woods. Nothing was too hard to be undertaken ; the endeavor was made. The canal was to be fifty feet wide, and four and a half deep, and 1,000 trees were to be sawed off four feet below water, by long saws worked by hand. While this was being done, a heavy bom bardment of the island from the gunboats took place. The Confederates evidently enjoyed our harmless waste of powder and shot upon them, and their newspapers boasted of our loss of materiel in the affair, little dreaming of the secret work going on upon the canal. Our own public prints, mean time, be came restless at tho apparent inefficiency and gloomy prospects. But now and then a daring adventure enlivened the state of affairs among our men. On the night of April 1st, Colonel George W. Eoberts, of the Forty-second Illinois Infantry, took command of five oar boats, each with a crew of ten men ISLAND NUMBER TEN. 469 besides officers, and with muffled oars dropped down the river to battery number one, on the Tennessee shore, (incorrectly stated by some writers to be a battery on the island,) surprised the rebel sentinels, landed, rushed to the fort, spiked the six guns mounted there, and escaped to their boats before any attack could be make upon them on land, or by the rebel gun boat Grampus, that stood toward them on hearing the fire of the sentinels. As the canal, after great toil, drew near completion, it was found that transports could pass through it, but that the water was not deep enough to bear gunboats. By this time the enemy had planted batteries all along the shore opposite New Madrid, to prevent our troops from crossing, and gunboats were needed to silence the batteries as the Federals should attempt to cross, as well as to protect our transports from rebel armed steamers. There was only one way to place one or two gunboats in the required position, and that was, to run the gantlet of the batteries between the island and the shore. That method was adopted, as the following letter, dated March 30th, to Captain Walke, commander of the gun boat Carondelet, will show: Sir: You will avail yourself of the first fog or rainy night, and drift your steamer down past the batteries on the Tennessee shore and Island Number Ten, until you reach New Madrid. I assign you this service, as it is vitally important to the capture of this place that a gunboat should soon be at New Madrid, for the purpose of covering General Pope's army while he crosses at that point to the opposite or to the Tennessee side of the river. * * * * On this delicate and somewhat hazardous service to which I assign you, I must enjoin upon you the importance of keeping your lights secreted in the hold or put out, keeping your officers and men from speaking at all when passing the forts .above a whisper, and then- only oh duty, and of using every other precaution to prevent the rebels suspecting that you are dropping below their batteries. If you successfully perform this duty assigned you, which you so willingly undertake, it will reflect the highest credit upon you and all belonging to your vessel, and I doubt not that the Govern ment will fully appreciate and reward you for a service which, I trust, will enable the army to cross the river and make a successful attack in the rear while we storm the batteries in front of this strong hold of the rebels. Commending you, and all who comoose your command, to the care 470 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and protection of God, who rules the world and directs all things, I am, respectfully, your obedient servant, A. H. FOOTE, Flag- Officer. P.S. — Should you meet with disaster, you will, as a last resort, destroy the steam machinery, and, if possible to escape, set fire to your gunboat, or sink her, and prevent her from falling into the hands of the nebels. On the night of April 4th, the Carondelet, Commander Walke, (improperly printed Walker by some,) left her anchorage at ten o'clock, in a heavy thunder storm, with a barge of hay in tow on her left side, and started on the fear ful passage. The machinery had been changed to avoid the puffing of the steam, and . that soon led the soot in the chimneys to take fire, and a blaze rose up five feet in height ; and though quickly put out it burst forth again and alarmed the rebels, who sent up rockets from the island and main land to set the batteries in play upon the coming steamer. Captain Walke seeing that concealment was no longer possible, put on a full head of steam, and forty-seven guns plunged their heavy shot at his vessel as rapidly as possible. The roar of cannon mingled with the thunder of the storm, the flash, of artillery answered the lightning flash, while thousands almost breath less with interest watched and waited for the result. At length, though thunders were yet roaring, it was thought that three minute-guns were heard far below the island, and soon three more. They were the signal from the Carondelet to their comrades they had left that all was well; yet all anxiety did not pass until positive word came that the gunboat had reached New Madrid, untouched by a single shot. Gen eral Pope wanted one or two more gunboats, and on the night of the 6th the Pittsburg, Lieutenant Thompson, also passed the batteries in intense darkness and under the fire of seventy- three rebel guns, but with safety. On the morning of April 7th, four transports laden with troops passed through the canal to New Madrid. Then the two gunboats silenced several heavy batteries on the Tennessee side, our land forces passed rapidly and safely over, and began to pursue and cut off the retreat of the enemy, already flying from the island and the ¦ISLAND NUMBER TEN. 471 shore. Large numbers surrendered to them, while General Mackall, commanding the island, surrendered to the navy. In all about 5,000 men w^re taken prisoners, among them three generals, and seven colonels; and over one hundred siege guns, twenty-four pieces of field artillery, an immense amount of small arms and ammunition, and a great number of tents, horses, and wagons, were captured, the Federals losing not a man. ¦ Commodore Foote pronounced it " a bloodless victory — more creditable to humanity than if thou sands had been slain." The Confederates were sad and gloomy over the results of all their efforts to hold the position, and Pollard, the Southern historian, says that the evacuation took place only two days after Beauregard left the post, and that " no single battle-field had yet afforded to the North such visible fruits of victory as had been gathered at Island Num ber Ten." Wisconsin had an honorable connection with the capture of that important rebel post. Two regiments of infantry and four batteries shared in the service. The office of the whole army was one rather of toil, watching, and adventure than of of fighting and bloodshed. The Eighth Wisconsin Infantry joined General Plummer's command about the time he took possession of Point Pleasant. There they were on the right of an extended line of warfare, the left of which was Island Number Ten, and the centre New Madrid. Every alternate night they were now placed on duty, serving in the rifle pits on the river bank, to keep off the rebel gunboats. April 7th, the regiment, together with General Plummer's com mand, marched to New Madrid, to aid in the reduction of Island Number Ten. They crossed the river at midnight into Tennessee, with the main force of General Pope's army, and assisted in preventing the retreat of the enemy. April 9th, they returned with prisoners to New Madrid, and for their gallantry displayed in the whole campaign General Pope ordered " New Madrid " and " Island Number Ten " to be in scribed on their banners. Thus early originated that high opinion and preference of Wisconsin troops which General Pope often afterward expressed. The Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry were conveyed on one of 472 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Commodore Foote' s transports (for land for.ee,s) from Cairo to the, scene of action. There they landed on the. Missouri side, and performed the usual, camp duties, though. unable, to, find dry ground for either camps or drilling, and frequently remov ing from place to place : to escape the flpoding water., , While there they joined in the expedition . to Union City before related. At the evacuation of the island they captured about, five hundred prisoners,, and then were busily, engaged in . col-. lecting and caring for, the large amount of military .stores and ammunition left by the rebel forces. When the Federals took possession of the place the Fifteenth was put in garrison, there. Soon after, these six companies were joined by those, comr. panies that had been left.at Bird's Point, and. the regiment was employed in garrison duty, and strengthening the fortifications upon the island and the Tennessee shore. . Companies G and I, under command of Captain Gasman and Captain Gordon, were now appointed a permanent garrison on Island Num ber Ten. While on this island, early in October, following, these two companies, together, with, one of the Second Illinois Cavalry, all under command of Major Quincy McNeil, of the Second, were attacked by three hundred rebel cavalry, under Colonel Faulkner, The rebels were repulsed, with a loss of seven killed, nine wounded, and fifteen prisoners. Our men lost three killed and one wounded. Major McNeil thus writes Governor Salomon, under date October 19, 1862: ¦"The, com panies from your State now under my command, are worthy of the fullest confidence, because of their bravery. The com panies are G and I, Captain John A. Gordon, commanding. Of Captain Gordon I will say no braver man is in the service, and should your Excellency see fit to promote him, rest, assured he will fill any position with credit to himself and honor to the State." The Fifth Battery was ordered to New Madrid, wh^re the men were put to work on the fortifications, building and strengthening them, and garrisoning the works until the sur-. render of the island, and subsequently until April 19th. The Sixth Battery was put in charge of siegeguns, and, held that position till the evacuation; then they performed garrison service until May 17th. The Seventh Battery,' like the Fifth ISLAND NUMBER TEN. 473 and1 Sixth, not being equipped as light ¦ artillery, performed the duties of heavy artillery in the forts at New Madrid which the enemy had evacuated. They also aided in erecting other batteries- through the distance o£two miles: below New Madrid, to assist in repelling the enemy when our forces should attempt to cross the river. After the final victory they remained awhile at New Madrid, and then went to the island, where theyiwere furnished with guns and horses, and at once commenced the patient labor of drilling, and continued in that place till June. 13th. The portion of the Twelfth Battery that was attached to a Missouri battery at St. Louis, was also sent to New Madrid, and after engaging in the reduction of the island, returned to Jefferson Barracks, nine miles below St. Louis. John E. Warren, of Wauwatosa, First Sergeant of the Seventh Battery, speaking dtf the prisoners taken in the Ten nessee swamps after the capture of the island, says : " Wet, cold, hungry, and exhausted as they were, we could not help pitying them, not knowing how much more bitter experience was in store for some of us when in their hands." He con tinues : " I will relate a little item which certainly was inter esting to the spectators at New Madrid at that time, connected with the evacuation of the island. Just before day, April 7th, a strange-looking craft showed itself, coming with the current steadily around the bend of the river above. What it meant we could not tell, and we watched it with intense interest. The transports which had just gone down, and landed their troops on the other side, were returning, and at first sight of the strange-looking affair, whistled, turned about, and steamed down the river like frightened birds at the sight of a hawk. The gunboats had both gone on a reconnoissance down the river. As soon as it came within range of the guns at the town they opened upon it, but provoked no response. It had passed the town in silence, and was moving slowly' toward us, when a boa+ put off from the town and boarded it. It was found to be a famous floating battery, which had been constructed by the rebels, and which they had scuttled and set adrift, with all the guns and ammunition on board. The transports, when they saw it boarded in quiet, concluded it must be harmless, and returned. It landed on a sand bar a 474 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. few miles below, and could be seen last summer (1865) at low water." [In the roster of the Eighth Eegiment, Pascal M. Hovey was the first quartermaster, and Frank McGuire the first second-lieutenant of Company C, but both resigned before the regiment left for the field.] CHAPTEK V. i FOUKTEENTH, SIXTEENTH, AND EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE BATTZE OE PITTSBVRG LANDING Fourteenth Infantry, — ORGANIZATION, — ROSTER, — MOVEMENT TO ST. LOUIS, — THENCE TO SAVANNAH. — Sixteenth Infantry, — FORMATION,— DIS- CIPLINE.,^-OFFICERS, MOVEMENT TO ST. LOUIS, THENCE TO PITTSBURG LANDING. Eighteenth Infantry, AT CAMP H0LT0N, CHARACTER OF; THE MEN, ROSTER ON LEAVING THE STATE, DEPARTURE, AT PITTS BURG LANDING, IN THE ADVANCE. — Battle of Pittsburg landing. Three regiments of infantry were engaged in the battle of Pittsburg Landing or Shiloh. Though occurring early in the war, it was one of the most severe and noted conflicts of the whole four years of campaigns and battles. Its second day,1 the 7th of April, was the date of the capture of Island Number Ten. Before giving an account of the battle, and of the part taken in it by Wisconsin troops, the origin and history of those three regiments to that time will first be delineated. fourteenth infantry. , The Fourteenth, sometimes called the '" Northwestern " Eegiment, also the " Wisconsin Eegulars," was organized during the month of November, 1861. The place of rendez vous was Camp Wood, Fond du Lac. Under Colonel David E. Wood, of that place, its regimental organization was com pleted in January, 1862, and this regiment was mustered into the United States service January 30th. With the : exception of arms, the regiment was fully equipped by the State., It was composed, for the most part, of companies from the northern 476 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. line of frontier counties. Colonel Wood, its commander, had held positions of honor and trust to the satisfaction of the com munity in which he resided, and he entered with zeal into the nation's defence. The chaplain, Eeverend J. G. Eogers, of Fond du Lac, is the author of " War Pictures," a creditable volume of two hundred and fifty-eight pages, published in 1863. The following embraced the list of field and staff officers when the regiment left the State. Colonel — David E. "Wood. Lt. Colonel — Isaac E. Messmore. Major — John Hancock. Adjutant — Beriah E. Brower. Quartermaster — James T. Conklin. Surgeon — W. H. "Walker. 1st As. Surgeon — D. D. Cameron. 2d As. Surgeon — David La Count. Chaplain^- J . Q. Eogers. Captains. A— L. M. "Ward. B — Asa Worden. C— W. W. Wilcox. D— J. "W. Polleys. E — George E. Waldo. F — J. G. Lawton. G — F. H. Magdeburg. H— Wm. D. Ghoslin. I — C. B. Johnson. E— E. W. Comes. First Lieutenants. C. L. Kimball. J. D. Post. Colin Miller. George Staley. L. W. Vaughn. George W. Bowers. ' James La Count. C. M. G. Mansfield. John.Kittenger. 0. W. Fox. Second Lieutenants. J. V, Frost. F. G. Wilmot. A. S. Smith. David Law. Don A. Shove. Samuel Harrison. Orrin R. Potter. William Gardner. Joseph Clancy. M. W. Hurlburt. William Wiley was the first second assistant surgeon, but resigned before the regiment left the State. W. D. Ghoslin was the first captain of Company II, and William Gardner the first second lieutenant ; but both resigned before the regiment went to the field. When in the field the place of the former was filled by the promotion of Lieutenant Mansfield, and that of the latter by the appointment of Lyman K. Barnes. Van Epps Young was appointed to the lieutenancy vacated, by Lieuten ant Mansfield. Lieutenant Barnes died, June 10th, 1862, and John F. Prosser. succeeded himj Company A was called "Wood Protectors;" B, " Wau- pacca and Portage County Union Eifles ;" C, " Omro Union Eifles;" D, "Messmore Guards;" E, " Manitowoc and Kewa- nee County Guards;" F, "Depere Eifles;" G, " Calumet and Manitowoc Invincibles;" H, "Forest Union Eifles;" I, "Black SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 477 Eiver Eangers;" K, "Noble Guards." The field and staff officers were nine ; the company officers thirty ; non-commis sioned officers and privates eight hundred and twenty — total, eight hundred and fifty-nine. During the month of February, 1862, this regiment received thorough instruction in drilling and discipline; and, March 8th, broke camp and started for St. Louis, receiving much attention by the way, especially in, Chicago. Arriving jn St. Louis pn the 10th, they were assigned to Jefferson Barracks, where they remained until orders were received to move up the Tennessee Eiver, when they took a transport, March 23rd, and reported themselves to General Grant, at Savannah, Tennessee, the 28th, where they encamped. April 6th, they marched from Savannah to Pittsburg Landing, where they arrived about midnight. SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. The first company of the Sixteenth Eegiment came into Camp Eandall November 20th, 1861. The last came in about a month later. As the regiment did not leave for the front until March, they spent the winter at Madison, in tents and barracks. The drill was most thorough, and the men attained great pro ficiency in it. The regiment was mostly full the 26th of December, and the material composing it was good. It was mustered into the service January 31st, 1862. Its colonel was Benjamin Allen, of Pepin. The Sixteenth was fully equipped by the State, with the exception of arms, and it numbered, at its departure, 1,070 men. Its regimental roster was as follows : Colonel — Benjamin Allen. Lieut. Colonel — Cassius Fairchild. Surgeon — George W. Eastman. Major — Thomas Reynolds. 1st As. Surgeon — Ira A; Torrey. Adjutant — George M. Sabin. 2d As. Surg. — OttoMaurer. Apl '62. Quartermaster — John E. Jones. Chaplain — Lark S. Livermore. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Edward Saxe. Oscar F. Silver. George A. Spurr. B — George H. Fox. Sidney B. Tuller. James 0. Hazleton. C — Horace D. Patch. John G. Daily, • Pascal M. Hovey: D — Oliver D. Pease. Edwin B. Roys. William A. Green. 478 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ' Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. E— William F. Dawes. ' Charles White. William D. Niles. F — Harrison V. Train. John Lymburn. . Bertram E. Stevens G— John R. Wheeler. William H. Pond. Cyrus A. Allen. H — Almon D. Gray. Henry M. Beecroft. John Lewis. I — S. W. Osborn. Charles H. Vail. Russcl J. Cone. K— Geo. C. Williams. R. P. Derickson. Daniel F. Vail. John Bracken was the first lieutenant colonel of the regi ment, but resigned before it went to the field, and Cassius Fairchild, promoted to fill the vacant lieutenant colonelcy, was the first major. James H. Eogers was the first first assistant surgeon, but resigned. Henry G. Webb was the first captain of Company H, but resigned before the regiment left the State. Company A was designated as the " Waushara and Green Lake County Eangers ; " B, " Oconomowoc Eifles ; " C, "Dodge County Guards;" D, " Union Guards, Hanchettville;" E, "Adams County Eifles;" F,' "Northern Lights;" G, " Chippewa Valley Guard; " H, Tredway Pumas ; " I, " Dar lington Light Infantry;" K, Ozaukee Eifles." On March 13th 1862, it left Camp Eandall, under orders for St. Louis. All needful preparations had been made the night before, and at seven o'clock in the morning, before many citi zens had risen, the Sixteenth was drawn up in line, and every movement proved that it intended to be " on time " in obeying orders. Marching from the grounds, under escort of the Seventeenth Eegiment, they reached the cars in season to move off at half-past seven o'clock, all in fine spirits. But about twenty of their number were left behind sick in the hospital, in charge of Surgeon Eastman. A company of citizens attended them to Chicago, where they were met by Captain Brand's Ellsworth Zouaves, Captain Thompson's Eegulars, and the Light Guard Band, and escorted through the principal streets to the Central Depot. Arriving at St. Louis the next day—the 14th— they embarked for Fort Plenry, Tennessee, to join General Grant's command. Before their arrival there, General Grant had moved his army to Savannah, and on the 20th of March the regiment disembarked at Pitts burg Landing, on the Tennessee Eiver. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. , 479 EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. Preparations were making as early as the latter part of October, 1861, for the organization of the Eighteenth Wis- cdnsin Volunteers. At length,' on the 7th of January, 1 862, it was ordered into quarters at Camp Sigel, at one time known as Camp Hoi ton, Milwaukee. Previous to the completion of this camp, the men were quartered at various city hotels. December 28, 1861, seven companies had been assigned to the regiment, and on the 15th of January, 1862, nine companies had reported. The men were of excellent material. They came, many of them, from the frontier settlements, and were capable of much. physical endurance. Generally they were men of large size ; and it has been said that the Albah Pinery .Eangers, Company G, averaged one hundred and sixty pounds to a man, by actual weight. Before their departure they suffered considerably from measles. Colonel J. S. Alban, of Plover, Portage County, took com mand. He was at one time Judge of the Portage Circuit, and for two years — 1852 and 1853 — served acceptably in the State Senate. Lieutenant Colonel Beall was one of the oldest settlers of the StatQ, and formerly Lieutenant Governor. The roster of the regiment, on leaving the State, was as follows : Colonel — James S. Alban. Lieut. Colonel — Samuel W. Beall. Surgeon — George F. Huntington. Major — Josiah W. Crane. 1st As. Surgeon — Erastus J. Buck. Adjutant — Gilbert L. Park. 2d As. Surgeon — Quartermaster — J. D. Rogers. Chaplain — James Delany. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. j^ James P. Millard. Edward Coleman. Thomas J. Potter. B Charles D. Jackson. Thos. H. Jackson. Samuel B. Boynton. q Newton M. Lane. John H. Graham. Allen A. Burnett. D— Geo. A. Fisk. , D. W. C. Wilson. Peter Sloggy. E Wm. Bremmer. Geo. R. Walbridge. Luman H. Carpenter. y jos. V. Roberts, George Stokes. George A. Topliff. . q John H. Compton. Frederick B. Case. James R. Scott. jj Davicl H. Saxton. S. D. Woodworth. Thomas H. Wallace. I \v\ A. Coleman. Ira H. Ford. Ogden A. Southmayd. g "Wm. J- Kershaw. Alexander Jackson. Phineas A. Bennettj 480 , WISCONSIN IN THE. WAR. John H. Graham was the first first lieutenant of Company C, and John Goode the first second lieutenant of the same company, but both resigned before the regiment left the State. While they remained at Camp Sigel, or Holton, the weather was very inclement, and unfavorable for the best military drill. It was unfortunate for this noble body of men that they were precluded the highest opportunities for discipline, especially as they were directly thrown into the very front of a battle where overwhelming numbers of skillful troops fought them, and this before they had obtained any experience in the field. The departure of the regiment took place March 30th, 1862, at nine o'clock in the morning. The Milwaukee Light Infantry, Captain Wage, accompanied by the American Cornet Band, escorted them to the depot. At ten o'clock a procession was formed, and the regiment, numbering about one thousand men, fully armed, marched through several of the principal streets of the city. At the depot they found a large gathering of both sexes, who cheered them most cordially as the train departed. It contained twenty passenger cars, with four engines, and left at half-past twelve at noon, the band mean while playing Hail Columbia and the Star Spangled Banner. The regiment was under orders to report at St. Louis, which they did on the 31st, but embarked at once, and proceeded to join our army at Pittsburg Landing. On the morning of the 5th of April, they left the steamer and reported immediately to General Prentiss, who then held the advance. The regi ment was placed in position on the left. BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. After the fall of Forts Henry and Donelson, Nashville readily yielded to the Unionists, and General Buell advanced from Bowling Green and occupied it, while General Grant advanced toward Pittsburg Landing. It was the design to push back the enemy, and flank his strongholds on the Missis sippi — Island Number Ten, Fort Pillow, and Memphis — and oblige him to evacuate them, and thus open again the " Father of Waters" to Federal commerce. General Halleck, at St. BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. , 481 Louis, had the general command. The rebel General Albert Sidney Johnston moved back from Murfreesboro to join Gen eral Beauregard, near the Memphis and Charleston Eailroad, which was evidently an important interest for them to protect. On the other hand, if General Grant could obtain possession of that railroad, he would capture Memphis. General Buell was ordered to join General Grant at Pittsburg Landing. That place, on the west side of the Tennessee Eiver, consisted of only two log houses, with a landing for steamboats, but its locality and vicinity were important for the command of the river, and also for an advance upon Corinth, which was twenty miles south-west, at the junction of the Memphis and Charles ton and the Mobile and Ohio Eailroads. Savannah is ten miles below Pittsburg, on the opposite or east side of the river, and Crump's Landing on the west side, six miles below, or north from Pittsburg. General Johnston quickly united by aail his forces with those at Corinth, while General Buell had a march of one hundred and fifty miles to join General Grant. The rebels saw that their time to attack Grant was before Buell could reach him. Johnston addressed his troops in stirring but traitorous lan guage. General Beauregard is announced as in command, but Johnston is leader in the field, while Polk, Bragg, Hardee, and Breckinridge are his corps commanders. General Grant's troops were already on the west side of the Tennessee Eiver, in an exposed position. His own forces of 38,000 were far inferior to the combined armies of the enemy, at least 45,000, and his rear was near the river, where he could not rapidly or safely retreat. But a large fleet lay in the river, among them two gunboats, the Tyler and Lexington, to drive back an advancing foe, though it does not appear that General Grant had relied upon them at all for protection. General C. F. Smith had selected the position with the view of a possible attack from the rebels. It was a wooded place, but generally without thick underbrush. It was between two streams emptying into the Tennessee river — the Lick and Snake Creeks, to the latter of which the Owl Creek is tribu tary — and these could aid in protecting our flanks, and in com pelling the Confederates to meet us in front, although on the 31 482 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. first day of the battle we had not men enough to extend our lines the whole distance between them — two and a half miles. The question had been considered whether to erect fortifi cations there, and Grant, Sherman, and others had decided that it would be injurious to the morale of our men, and that they were able to meet the enemy in the open field. General Sherman afterward testified, that if there was a mistake in placing the army there it was not General Grant's, but insisted that there was no mistake, and added, " It was necessaiy that a combat, fierce and bitter, to test the manhood of the two armies, should come off, and that was as good a place as any." But all this does not satisfy. Every precaution should have been taken to spare life. If "courage and pluck" must be tested, let it be under the most economical arrangements. The fact was, probably, that the risk was incurred because, as General Grant said, he did not believe the enemy would make a determined attack, but only a reconnoissance in force. Hon orable E. D. Holton, a Wisconsin allotment commissioner, who was upon the field soon after the battle, in regard to the question of General Grant's advance across the river before Buell was near, then wrote: "I do not see how a careful and thoughtful general should not have given particular attention to this point, especially when he was dealing with an opponent so wary, so cunning, and so able as Beauregard ;" and such queries will continue to arise while history is read. General Grant's force was distributed in five divisions, under Generals Prentiss, McClernand, W. H. L. Wallace, Hurlbut, and Sherman. Our forces faced south and west; Prentiss at the left, a mile and a half from the landing, McClernand at his right, Sherman still farther at the right and in the advance, near to Shiloh Church, and in the rear Hurlbut, to support the left wing, and Wallace to support the right. On Friday, April 3d, the rebels began their march toward the Federal lines, taking five days' rations, with the calculation of getting- whatever else they might want in our captured camps. From spies in the country, Beauregard knew the position and number of our forces, and he and his generals md troops confidently expected to reach and defeat us before ' uell's arrival with reinforcements. They advanced less rapidly BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 483 than they intended, on account of difficult roads and a rain storm, and did not reach the vicinity of our forces until Satur day night, too weary for an attack without rest. They kept .their advance concealed from our men, allowing no fires, no music within sight or sound. How they should have been allowed to approach so near us in so large, force, without our knowledge, has not yet been satisfactorily answered. Mr. Holton, before quoted, also wrote,- soon after the battle : " It seems strange how Beaure gard could steal out of his camp here at Corinth, with his immense army and all his munitions of war, and come upon our men, and they know nothing of his approach until he stood face to face before them." He adds, "But it is not true that our officers were taken wholly unprepared, for Colonel Allen (of the Sixteenth Wisconsin) informs me that, after a conference with officers, as early as Friday afternoon, he felt called upon, in view of the possible chances of an attack, to order and distribute forty rounds of ammunition, and this was true to a great extent throughout the regiments. But this was done rather in view of danger by skirmishers in force, than the approach of the main army." Yet one Michigan regiment, in front was destitute of all ammunition when the battle commenced. At three o'clock Sabbath morning, April 6th, the rebels had breakfasted, and made ready for their advance and attack. All nature was joyful; a refreshing rain had passed; the air was pure and delicious; the birds were singing among the blooming trees. Eeverend James Delany, chaplain of the Eighteenth Wisconsin, then upon the field, afterward de scribed the morning and the occasion thus : " Soon after the sun had risen to give Tennessee one of the most balmy and beautiful Sabbaths that had ever dawned, and just as some feathered songsters, in their peaceful innocence, were about to sing their morning hymn on full-bloom peach trees, the hoarse voice of the secession Moloch was heard, demanding another sacrifice of treasure, blood, and precious life. Nor was the demand unheeded, for ere the sun had sunk in the west, the sacrifice was horridly offered." The space that became the field of battle was about three 484 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. miles square. Shiloh Church — a barn-like building — was about two miles from the landing, and on the night of the first day's battle was Beauregard's headquarters. Sherman was near it when the battle commenced. The rebels fought, not for Shiloh, but rather for the landing ; the chief part of the fight ing was done nearer the landing than the church; and although Beauregard and the rebel Congress have named the battle Shiloh, let it be called Pittsburg Landing. The Sixteenth and Eighteenth Wisconsin Eegiments were in the left brigade of the left (General Prentiss') division. The Eighteenth had reached the locality only the night before, and had not even completed the erection of their tents. On that Saturday night General Prentiss sent out on picket, a mile and a half — one account says half a mile-height companies, under Colonel Moore, four of them being, A, B, C, and D, of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, under Lieutenant Colonel Fairchild. At half-past four o'clock on Sunday morning they were ordered to advance and reconnoitre. Proceeding half a mile they came upon the enemy's pickets, stationed behind a fence. There were really about 3,000 men, and immediately fired upon our soldiers, killing Captain Saxe and Orderly Williams, of the Sixteenth. This was the beginning of the battle. The Fed erals retreated before such a superior foree, and the rebels pursued them. Lieutenant Colonel Fairchild was the first to announce in camp that the rebels were coming. The Sixteenth was immedi ately formed in line of battle, about thirty rods from their tents, and the Eighteenth, Colonel Alban, was formed on their left. About fifteen minutes after, the enemy showed himself in great force, and as he approached the Sixteenth opened fire, which was replied to by a terrific fire from the rebels, who advanced upon the whole division, pressing our front and flanking our left. There was no panic in our lines, unless with individuals ; the men fought bravely ; but they must either surrender, or be shot, or fall back ; the last they did slowly, fighting as they went. The flank movement by the enemy on our left, finally resulted in the capture of General Prentiss and 2,000 of our troops, among them some of the Eighteenth Wisconsin. Colonel Allen, a skillful commander, saved his regiment from BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 485 capture by changing iront when he was flanked, and falling back to fight again. Eight times he did this, had two horses shot under him, and then was wounded and carried from the field. Lieutenant Colonel Fairchild was previously wounded — while fighting at the front. Captain Pease, of Company D, and Lieutenant Vail, of Company I, were mortally wounded. Captain Harrison V. Train, Company F ; Captain John E. Wheeler, Company G; Lieutenant Pascal M. Hovey, Com pany C ; Lieutenant D. Gray Parman, Company I, and Lieu tenant Daniel F. Vail, Company K, were wounded, (most or all the first few hours,) and many non-commissioned officers and privates were killed, whose names are preserved in the roll of the dead. Adjutant Sabin, of the Sixteenth, is credited with much skill in saving the balance of the regiment from being captured after both the colonel and lieutenant colonel were wounded. In the Eighteenth Eegiment Colonel Alban received a mortal wound in the lungs, of which he died the following Wednesday. Lieutenant Colonel Beall was severely wounded before him. Major Crane and Captain Compton were killed. Lieutenants Coleman and Potter, both of Company A, were wounded, and many officers and privates — nearly half the regi ment — were prisoners; and all this before noon of the first day. The number of killed and wounded shows that they fought nobly. It was W. J. Hardee's corps that attacked Prentiss. At first they drove in among the Federals in wedge shape, and then adopted the flanking process. Hardee found an inexcusable gap between Prentiss' and McClernand's divisions, into which he vigorously pressed, while Braxton Bragg, who commanded the second rebel line, reinforced him on our front. General Hurlbut was too far in the rear to perform his office of sup porting the left wing at the earliest necessity, but came bravely to the Federal aid at length. In General Sherman's division his pickets were driven in about sunrise, and his line of battle was then hastily formed. The at tack was no less a surprise there than at the left. Some of the men ran, but most stood their ground. His position was on a ridge, with a creek in front, which the enemy must cross to 486 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. reach him. Taylor's cannon played upon the rebels, at first, with success ; but, although McClernand went to Sherman's aid, the enemy surged over the stream, and Hardee, having driven back Prentiss' division, made a flank movement on Sherman's left, which obliged him to fall back, losing three of Waterhouse's guns. At the same time his centre and right were pressed equally hard, flanked, and driven back. He took a new position, but could not hold it long — the second rebel line, under Bragg, having been reinforced by the third, under Polk — and back again he went, losing more men and more guns. Hildebrand's brigade, at his left, was broken in pieces. McClernand's division was cut up, and thrown back toward the landing. General Hurlbut's regiments that went to the aid of Prentiss were forced to retire, and his whole division shared with the rest in falling back until he came in line with General W. H L. Wallace's division, when the two bore the brunt of the battle for a while, until General Wallace was mortally wounded and borne from the field. Colonel Stewart, of General Sher man's division, who had been sent in the morning far to the left, on the Hamburg road, was attacked by Breckinridge's reserves, and after maintaining his ground for some time, fell slowly back to Hurlbut's left. General Lewis Wallace with his division was at Crump's Landing, and though ordered by General Grant, in the morning, to come upon the field in the rear, on a road leading up the river, through some misunder standing he took a road running nearly west, marched five miles, and was no nearer the battle-field than when he started. He then marched back four and a half miles, took the road he should have taken in the morning, and reached the battle-field not till after dark. General Grant was of the opinion that if he had come directly to the field, Prentiss and 2,000 troops taken prisoners might have been saved, and perhaps the battle won the first day. The rebels made three grand attacks : one at six o'clock in the morning, one at half-past ten o'clock, and one at four in the afternoon. When the last one came all seemed nearly lost. But the artillery, that had already done excellent execu tion, began to do more. Colonel Webster, of General Grant's staff, skillfully and rapidly placed on a ridge near the land^ BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 487 ing sixty cannon — among them three thirty-twos and two eight*inch howitzers. Captain Gwin, of the gunboat Tyler, Bent to General Grant for permission to shell the woods, and sweep the ravine up which the rebels were coming. Eeply was returned that he might do it if he thought best. He did it; Captain Shirk, of the Lexington, joined him; they took an enfilading fire upon the approaching enemy, compelled them to bring up their artillery, and to change their point of attack. Bnt again the gunboats reach and sweep them down, and the sixty cannon lining the crest plunge their terrible shots into their ranks, and they fall back to turn and face the fire a third time, which was the last on that day. The rebels concluded to rejoice over what they had gained, and await for the rest until the morrow. Nearly every Federal camp held in the morning was now in the enemy's possession. Some they had destroyed ; others they had rearranged for their own comfort, as though they expected never to lose them. In some they had eaten the warm morning meal prepared and waiting for our men when the battle began. In some tents they had fallen upon the sleeping and bayoneted them, and such wounded sur viving ones were found there by our men the next day. But the rebels themselves were not without loss. General Johnston was among the slain. A bullet had cut an artery in the calf of the leg, and keeping his horse and the field, he bled to death, and his body fell into our hands. Generals Gladden and Hindman were killed. The enemy's army corps were broken up, and their loss had numbered thousands. Still they were confident of complete victory the next day, and this buoyed them up for the night. But General Grant was making other calculations. He had come up from Savannah at eight o'clock in the morning, and had been riding here and there over the field during the day. He often visited Sherman, and the last time at five o'clock in the evening, telling him, that with his own gathered fragments of brigades and divisions, and General L. Wallace's fresh troops, he must take the offensive in the morning. But just after, Nelson's division of Buell's army hove in sight, on the opposite side of the river. All night long the transports were carrying troops across the stream and up from Savannah. 488 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Among the rest the Fourteenth Wisconsin, which had disem barked at Savannah on coming up the Tennessee, now landed at Pittsburg at midnight, stood on the bank in the rain and mud until morning, and then went into the second day's battle, being temporarily joined to General Smith's or W. H. L. Wal lace's division. General Buell had been too tardy in his coming. He stopped at Columbia a week to build a bridge across a stream which ought to have been done in a night. General Nel son, tired of waiting, obtained permission to wade his men across, each one carrying his gun and knapsack above his head ; but after reaching the vicinity of Savannah, he did not satisfy General Grant by coming speedily to the field. On Monday morning the Federals were posted, from left to right, by divisions, in this order :i Nelson, Crittenden, McCook, Hurlbut, McClernand, Sherman, and L. Wallace. Our left and centre commence the attack. Beauregard at the same time advances upon our left. His men fight terribly. Nel son's men are nearly overcome, but Mendenhall's battery rushes over from Crittenden's division and beats back the foe. They pour fresh troops upon us again and again, but as yet without success. Then Hazen's brigade charges and captures a battery of the rebels, and turns it upon them. But Hazen is driven back; Terrill's battery, of McCook's division, comes, and finally the rebel hosts are rolled upon themselves at the left. At the right Sherman and L. Wallace advance to the former's position on Sunday morning^; there another severe battle is fought near the old church; at last, in the afternoon, the whole Confederate line yields ; at half-past five o'clock the rebels are in full retreat, but the next day the lying Beaure gard telegraphs to Eichmond that he has " gained a great and glorious victory." After reaching the field of battle that day, the Fourteenth Wisconsin lay awhile in a ravine. Then they were ordered to charge upon a rebel battery. They did so ; across a ravine, over a brook, through a thicket, beyond a narrow road, and captured it ; but not being supported, fell back. Twice more they did the same, with like result. The fourth, time they BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 489 held it, and one of the guns — a trophy — spiked in the first charge by Lieutenant Staley, was brought home to Wisconsin. At the battery were found at last seventeen dead horses and sixty dead rebels. For their bravery the Fourteenth obtained the title, " Wisconsin Eegulars." They went without food during that day, and served as guard at the landing during the night, and were afterwards retained there as provost guard, Colonel Wood being provost marshal, until July 23rd follow ing. Captain George E. Waldo, of Manitowoc, was killed in this battle ; and Colonel Wood, Lieutenant Colonel Messmore, and Lieutenants M. M. Hurlbut and J. D. Post were wounded. The latter died from the effects of his wounds May 27th. Colonel Wood subsequently died at Fond du Lac, from hard ships and exposure incident to this battle — a noble victim to the war ! Lieutenant Smith, of Company E, had twelve bullet holes in different parts of his dress, and others had similar marks of exposure and bravery. The loss of the regiment was fourteen killed, and seventy-nine wounded and missing. The loss of the Sixteenth Eegiment in this battle was, killed and wounded two hundred and forty-five. The four com panies of the Sixteenth Eegiment on picket during Saturday night, were the'first infantry engaged in the battle, and Cap tain Saxe, of Company A, was the first Federal victim. He was an energetic and useful business man, and a devoted soldier. He early settled in Waushara County, where the village of Saxeville took its name from him. He died at the age of forty, leaving many to mourn his loss. Captain Oliver D. Pease, of Company D, was a promising young officer, the son of Walter Pease, of Watertown, this State, and was born in Hartford, Connecticut, September 18th, 1831. He became a citizen of Wisconsin in 1849, resided about five years in Milwaukee, where he was an ¦ active mem ber of the Light Guard, and returned to Watertown in 1859. He received his mortal wound while leading his men against the enemy on the first day of the battle, and died on the 11th of April, the fifth day following. He fell in his first and last battle, while the eyes of many were turned upon him with the just expectation that he would be among the most promising and brilliant of officers. Such a death, occurring 490 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. at the very outset of his new career, spread mourning over an extensive circle of relatives and friends. The Eighteenth regiment was put into the front of this battle just one week after leaving their camp in Milwaukee. Some of them had never seen more than four battalion drills, and some had never loaded a musket until forty hours before. They had been promised drill and discipline in St. Louis, but moved under orders at once to Savannah, and from there to the landing. On the boat they had suffered for want of room and food, and had not time fairly to encamp on the field before the battle began. Drawn up in line as the enemy advanced, their dark forms, standing in bold relief against the white tents that had been erected in the general camp, were an inviting and sure mark to the rebel hosts. Besides, one adjoining regiment being without ammunition, and retreating, the Eighteenth, after firing a few volleys and being flanked, inevitably wavered, and fell back under the shock of furious battle. Confusion and further retreat succeeded, which indeed was the fortune on most parts of the whole field. The regi ment's loss was twenty-four killed, eighty-two wounded, and one hundred and seventy-four prisoners — among the last, four captains and four lieutenants. Governor Harvey wrote from the battle-field during his visit there : " My heart bleeds at the Bad fortune of this regiment [the Eighteenth]. Without a single regimental officer, and I believe no company officer of military experience, they were ordered from Milwaukee to St. Louis, with the expectation of spending some time at Benton Barracks in becoming familiar with their duties. * * * * Many of the men heard the order to load and fire for the first time in their lives in the presence of the enemy." Colonel Alban was mortally wounded about two hours after the battle commenced, the ball entering the right shoulder blade and passing out in the front of the neck. He bore his sufferings with composure, saying that he was no better than a mere private. Major Crain's body was found pierced in more than a dozen places, showing that he must have been cruelly stabbed after he fell. Many thrilling incidents occur on a hard fought battle-field. O. C. Sabin saw at Pittsburg Landing a father with one son in BATTLE OF PITTSBURG LANDING. 491 the rebel army meet that father's younger son of the Union army. The old man wept. He saw a lad of seventeen years lying cold in death, with his penknife firmly grasped, and the word " Dan" cut in the bark of a tree just above his head. He had undertaken to carve his name that he might be identified by his friends, and died in the act. Mr. E. D. Holton wrote of that field just after the battle : " The numerous graves of the slain, the reeking remains of partially buried horses, the wrecks of artillery wagons, the garbage of provisions, the scattered cartridge boxes, canteens, bayonets, balls and bul lets — all testify to the locality of the fatal field. But more than all, is the language of the spotted, bruised and broken frees : great oak trees are split, and rift, and cut entirely off by can non shot. Upon many trees I doubt not full twenty musket balls could be counted, and this for a long distance, whichever way you turned." Mr. Sabin who was in the battle, says that every little tree and bush all over the field had been hit with bullets, and the ground ruffled or plowed up by them into little furrows. Often a little sapling would be seen which had been struck by two bullets, one on one side, and the other on the other side, cutting it off so that the top part had toppled over upon the ground.' It is marvellous that so many soldiers escaped death. The Federal loss in this battle was 1,735 killed, 7,882 wounded, and 3,956 prisoners ; total, 13,573. Beauregard confessed to a loss of 1,728 killed, 8,012 wounded, and 959 missing; total, 10,699. The wounded of Wisconsin regiments, in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, were as follows : Fourteenth Regiment. Company A — Privates James B. Titus, E. G. Mas- craft, Adam Slidell. Company B — Lieut. J. D. Post, Sergt. Charles Drake, mor tally ; Corp. Gottleib Stanly, Privates Ezra L. Whittaker, Thomas Morgan, and John Barker. Company G— Lieut. A. S. Smith, Sergt. Wm. Dittey, Corp. A. B. Miller, Privates Sol. Stateler, Nelson T. Hammond,, James Stateler, James Alley, James K. Bishop, James E. Williamson, George E. Stunts. Company .D-^Sergt: Gallagher, Corps. Guertin and Harris, Privates, Owens, Alfred Collins, Wm. Reed, and Louis Arniot. Company E — Privates Ezra Austin, Wm. Baruth, Julius Win- termeyer Wm. Flinn, A. C. Tufts, Sam'l Gokie, J. Lovell, RobeH Lee, and W. C. Wheeler.' Company F—iA Sergt. Charles Vincent, Corp. H. J. Cronk, Privates Henry Westcott, Gregory Milquiet, and James N. Howard. Company G — Corp. Theodore Josoh, Bugler Henry Secrist, Private John Keif, Private Newton, mor tally. Company R — Corp. Henry Voss, Spencer A. Hamblin, Privates Edward Gil- man,' Peter Cuttell, David Carr, Geo. B. Clark, and Andrew Winegarden. Com pany /—Corps, G. S. Travis, S. D. Parker, Wm. Stenesky, W. Licbness, Privates 492 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Chas. Bacon, Henry Ross, Geo. Rutherton, G. W, Reeder, Joseph Wilson, Har rison Maxon, J. W. Rockwood, Elisha Stockwood, N. M. Clapp, and Henry Lincoln. Company E — 2d Lieut. M. W. Hurlbut, Corp. H. D. Lyman, Irwin Underwood, Anthony Kerneah, Chas. A. Brice, Hiram Filkins, A. W. Kirby, and Chas. Larcher. Sixteenth Regiment. Col. Allen, Lieut. Col. Fairchild. Company A — 1st Sergt. C. Smith, Privates R. Billings, Peter Bird, Jas. 0. Champlin, Joshua Eldridge, Truman Hall, John Lurch, John Michaels, Wm. P. Walbridge, James Patterson, J. A. Smith, Newton Whiteman, J. H. Kellogg. Company B — 1st Sergt. E. G. Wheeler, Privates J. Brost, E. W. Ellis. J. Jargen, H. Noncaron, H. Powers, J. C. Quiner, H. J. Hanes. Company G— Captain H. D. Thatch, Corps. A. H. Turner, V. Rix, Privates A. Filkin, C. H. McGould, J. A. Hampton, W. I. Kerskie, M. McMullin, W. H. Stevens, F. Graham, and Max Morts. Company D — Sergt. J. S. Bean, Corps. C. N. Virgin, M. Walrod, Privates 0. E. Cook, Herman Gerrick, Joseph Edwards, J. M. Lyons, Dennis Delanty, J. H. Fields, B. R. Towslep, C. R. Tracy, Wm. Hamilton, Daniel Kallahan, Harrison Fuller, and Milo Farrington. Company E — Corp. Almon Webster, Privates A. Newcomb, Albert Gates, Oscar R. Brown- son, Jesse Crouch, Hosea Hugoboon, Henry Liningor, James McPhutus, Daniel O'Miltiman, P. T. Stivers, Frank Stowell, H. D. Ely, J R. Hammond, and George Willamson. Company F — Sergt. E. W. Pierseus, H. T. Train, Corps. E. A. Dean, Stephen Bailey, J. McMurts, and George Speed, Privates J. F. Bennett, W. 0. Bassett, Ebenezer Boneslu, F. E. Brink, George Birdsall, John Duckwork, L. S. Cloffin, H. Higgins, Archibald McCall, John Mclntyre, Samuel Monroe, Charles More, Ole Nelson, Samuel Pluman, E. Trimble, Chas. Ellsworth, and Jonathan Ellsworth. Company G — Sergts. M. E. O'Connell, A. Chambers, James Crawford, John M. Joues, Corps. James Smith, Jackman, P. Long, W. H. H. Beebe, N. Bar- num, Privates John J. Pearsons, Thomas McGillon, Charles Francisco, Peter Fran cisco, S. Cochran, G. Ritter, Wm. Smith, Geo. Odell, John Tomlinson, A. Loomis, James 0. Hatch, J. B. Van Vlack, James A. Swan, Myron D. Bradway, W. W. Bartlett, and S. L. Benjamin. Company R— Sergts. A. D. Thompson, David Dalarmple, John Lamb, Corps. Richard Leigh, G. J. Kashaw, H. White, David Collier, Privates L. Raymond, L. S . Bennett, John Blar, Hiram Bell, J. W. Has- kins, Edgar Weed, Wm. Spring, Robert Sanders, Geo. Skeels, Frank E. Wicks, Charles Bump, Hiram Nichols, Leander Roberts, Geo. M. Porter, Wm. Rice, and R. R. Parks. Company I— 2d Lt. D. Gray Purnam, 2d Sergt. W. H. H. Townsend, 3rd Sergt. Haughawout, Corps. P. H. Dumpley, J. C. Long, W. V. Turek, Privates Wm. Brewer, Geo. Burchill, F. A. Cherry, C. S. French, Jacob Fawcett, M. Hanley, H. C. Hall, H. C. Howard, Geo. Long, G. W. Pease, M. J. Smith, Thos. Pendergrass, and Lemuel Phelps. Company E — Capt. G. C. Williams, Lt. F. F. Vail, Sergt. E. D. Bradford, Corps. 0. G, Valentine, S. Trumbull, and G. W. Hed- ding, Privates E. M. O'Neil, B. Walker, J. Keever, J. Murphy, J. Clark, A. Col lins, L. Nelson, S. Gunther, and Wm. Cooper. Eighteenth Regiment. Lt. Col. Beall-. Company A — Lt. Edward Coleman, Corp. C. Whitney, Privates D. C. Bailey, R. H. Hart, Leader Depuy, Ludwig Holsu, J. Koehn, A. Losey, 0. K. Norris, A. Whitney. Company B — H. Combs, F. Bailey. Company C — H. Carey, W. W. Dielseman, H. Mooby, H. Mooney, J. J. Swain, S. Lager, A. Singer. Company B — Corp. John Williams, Privates E. Crocker, Henry Beach, H. C. Wilson, Jack Jewell, H. Stephenson, C. N. Sprout, Byron Carey, John Gary, Charles Morley, and Ezra Hankabout. Company E — Lt, Geo. R. Walbridge, Albert Taylor, Geo. W: Evans, Walter Whittaker, Wm. R. Sherwin, John Harris, John Kinney, Isaac Levison, Reuben Edminster, and Ed. L. Kent. Company F— Geo. Dew, Andrew Felton, E. R. Worthan, J. W. Law- plinn, D. W. Wilson, Henry Senkins. Company G — John Snyder, A. C. Loomis, Joseph Bullock, Alvin M. Coon, and John S. Eaton. Company R—lst Lt. S. D. Woodwork, Sergt. Albert Later, J. H. Histon, Eugene Gay, E. F. Chamberlain, Ed. Potts, Sam'l Bixley, Thos. Carey, B. W. Coates, F. Deselle, G. F. Dens, A. F. Dond, G. W. Dond, Zaddock, Malloy. Company /—Peter Mclntyre, Cornelius 0. Devon, Thos. Luskey (mortally), Sam'l W. Smith, E. M. Haight, Wm. Miller, D. McCloud, Peter Calahan, James Litel, 0. Guiduse, A. Turek, Frank Everson, Alf. 0. Elison, Adrastus Cross, Ferdinand Benton. Company K—S. Councilman, Wm. P. Green, and Wm. Lowe. CHAPTER VI. CORINTH AND IUKA. THE EIGHTH, FOVRTEENTH, SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, AND EIGH TEENTH INFANTRY, AND THE FIFTH, SIXTH, TENTH, AND TWELFTH BATTERIES — Tlie Seventeenth Infantry, — ORIGIN, — ORGANIZATION, — ADVANCE TO PITTSBURG LANDING, TO CORINTH. FIRST AND SECOND BATTLES OF PARMINGTON, — Siege of Corinth, — SUMMER EMPLOYMENT AND DIVERSIONS,— Battle of Iuka,— Battle of Corinth, — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, MAJOR GENERAL HAMILTON. The next natural step for the Federals after the battle of Pitts burg Landing was toward Corinth ; first, because the rebel army had gone thither, and secondly, because that was the objective point at which General Grant aimed before the battle of Pittsburg Landing was fought. The siege of Corinth is the next natural subject for consideration, since it Occurred very soon, and the Wisconsin participants were so nearly the same as those at Pittsburg. A few months after the siege of Corinth came the terrific battle there, and just before, the one at Iuka ; and the Wisconsin troops in these three engagements were much the same ; also nearly the same as those engaged at Pittsburg Landing, New Madrid, and Island Number Ten. Therefore the siege of Corinth, and the battles of Iuka and Corinth, though different themes, may be joined together in one chapter. But one new Wisconsin regiment shares in this part of the history. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. This regiment, sometimes known as the " Irish Regiment," was organized, in the early part of 1862, the field and a few of 494 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the staff officers having been appointed as early as the latter part of 1861. John L. Doran, an eminent Irish lawyer of Milwau kee, was appointed colonel, and accepted the commission. The regiment rendezvoused at Camp Randall, the " Mulligan Guards," under command of Captain Hugh McDermott, hav ing been the first company to go into camp. The regiment was recruited at large from all parts of the State, and after completing its organization was mustered into the United States service on the 15th of March, 1862. Colonel — John L. Doran. Lt. Colonel — Adam G. Malloy. Major — Thomas McMahon. Adjutant — William H. Plunkett. Quartermaster — John Gee. Surgeon — Henry McKennan. 1st As. Surgeon- — Charles D. Davis. 2d As. Surgeon — E. Jackson. J'e '62. Chaplain — Napoleon Mignault. Captains. . First Lieutenants. A— P. H. McCauley. B — Hugh McDermott. C— Patrick O'Conner. D— Donald D'Scott. E — John McGourin. F — Patrick Geraughty. G — William Southward. H — Charles Armstrong. I — Alex. McDonald. K — Welcome Hyde. John Crane. John E. Mahoney. Samuel Eea. James G. Kelley. J. McDermott Eoe. Charles E. Furlong William Beaupre. Samuel R. Apker. Julius G. Nordmau. Rollin H. Crane. Second Lieutenants. Patrick McGrath. Martin Schulte. Martin Curran. John C. Maass. Peter Feagan. Peter Smith. Joseph G. Moreau. Richard Rooney. D. S. Thurston. James E. Richards. Thomas Reynolds was the first quartermaster, but was promoted to be major in the Sixteenth Regiment before the Seventeenth left the State. George T. Riordan was the first chaplain, but resigned, November 30th, 1861. D. S. Thurston, second lieutenant, Company I, resigned March 12th, 1862, but his place was not filled before the regiment left the State. A few days after its organization, it was ordered from Camp Randall for St. Louis. A portion of the regiment refused to go aboard the cars because they had not been paid their wages. They threw off all subordination to authority, and for a time roved about the streets of Madison in squads, with knapsacks on their backs, carrying their guns, and a few of them were somewhat intoxicated. Some fear prevailed among the citi- SIEGE OF CORINTH. 495 zens on account of their conduct, but no serious difficulty occurred. The next morning about one hundred changed their mind, went aboard the cars, and left for Chicago, The entire regiment was soon persuaded that no wrong was intended them, and that they would doubtless very sooii receive their pay, and on the 23rd of March the last division left Madison. Upon reaching St. Louis they went to Benton Barracks for further drill and instruction, and on the 10th of April were ordered to Pittsburg Lauding, Tennessee, which tliey reached on the 14th, and went into camp. The regiment suffered very severely from sickness during the spring and early part of the summer, a very large number, indeed, being on the sick list. SIEGE OF CORINTH. Notwithstanding Beauregard's claim of a victory at Pitta- burg Landing, he and his army ran away from that place to Corinth as fast as they could. They lined the roads where they went with wagons, ambulances, and accoutrements, and in many places felled heavy trees across the way, and de stroyed all the bridges. If this does not prove that they lost the battle, it shows that they were in great haste to be at Corinth, and that they were afraid of being too soon followed by the Federals. The next day after the close of the battle, April 8th, General Sherman took two brigades and a cavalry force, and pursued the fleeing enemy on a reconnoissance; but findino- the roads bad and badly obstructed, and knowing that the Confederates could reach Corinth (at the rate of travel they had adopted) before he could reach them, he returned at night of the same day and reported. The day following, the 9th, General Halleck left St. Louis to take command of the army in person. Before his arrival General Sherman, under orders from General Grant, had led an expedition up the Ten nessee, accompanied by gunboats, and destroyed the bridge over Big Bear Creek, at Eastport, thus severing the connection between Corinth and Richmond. After the reduction of Island Number Ten, Commodore Foote with his gunboats, and General Pope with 20,000 troops on transports, sailed down the Mississippi to 'the vicinity of 496 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Fort Pillow, and after a reconnoissance concluded that by a united attack of land and water forces, they could, in a few days, capture that next stronghold of the Confederates on that river. But just as they were about to make the attempt, an order came from General Halleck for General Pope to move at once to Pittsburg Landing ; and he proceeded to do so by the conveyance of his army, 25,000 men, on transports up the Tennessee, arriving at Pittsburg April 22d. The Eighth Wis consin Infantry were a portion of this force, and they went into camp four miles above the landing, near Hamburg. April 30th, General Wallace was sent to destroy the bridge across the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, four miles beyond Purdy, and thus Beauregard was cut off from resources de rived in the direction of Jackson, Tennessee. All things were now deemed ready for an advance. The enemy was at Corinth, and must be captured or driven out. On the 1st of May, Monterey, half way to Corinth, was occupied by our troops. General Beauregard saw that the Federals were coming, and issued a grandiloquent proclamation to his army — intended much for the whole Confederacy — addressing them as soldiers of " Shiloh and Elkhorn," at both which battles, says Coppee, they were defeated. He called upon them to meet once more in the shock of battle, the invaders of their soil, the despoilers of their homes, and the disturbers of their families, closing with a triumphant reference to the "historic battle-field of Yorktown," which, as Providence had either ordered or per mitted, was evacuated by the rebels the very day the procla mation was written. The whole rebel force at Corinth was about 65,000, while General Halleck marched thither with three armies combined, Grant's, Buell's, and Pope's — 90,000 in all. If General Grant erred in not intrenching his army at Pittsburg, Halleck now went to the other extreme. On his way to Corinth he hardly stopped for the night without throwing up fortifications and clearing the way for a battle. Mr. E. D. Holton, at Corinth June 8th, 1862, wrote of General Halleck's march: "He cast up extensive intrenchments, running for miles, and in one place we passed he cleared a heavy forest of a thousand acres, thereby completing an extensive opening and vista before his BATTLE OF FARMINGTON. 497 line of defence." General Grant, for some reason, did not afterward follow the example of his superior, for he did not intrench but flanked. Before Corinth General George H. Thomas, in command of Grant's army of the Tennessee, held the right of our lines, Buell the centre, and Pope the left. General Grant being second only to General Halleck, and having immediate com mand of all in the field in Halleck's absence, now had only a general supervision of the right wing, and the duty of attend ing to reports, discharges, and similar offices. Probably this did not satisfy him, but he was wise enough to make no com plaint, and to attend duly to what was before him. When within eight miles of Corinth, May 3rd, General Pope sent Paine's division to occupy, if possible, Farmington, a small but elevated place a few miles east of Corinth. Marmaduke was in command of 5,000 troops there, who, after a short resis tance, fled, leaving all his supplies and thirty of his men killed. As the Federal lines encircled the village of Corinth — contain ing from 1,200 to 2,000 inhabitants — the intrenchments were made very strong on either side. The Confederates had the advantage of a ridge outside. the town and sweeping around it, on which they fortified to the best advantage. But the patriot troops advanced step by step, intrenching as they went, and drawing themselves closer and closer around the enemy — ana conda like, indeed ! The rebel outer lines were fifteen miles long ; on the east they had the aid of a creek and ravine ; on the north they built heavy abattis and breastworks, with a wide open space in frout. In many places the trees had been so ingeniously felled toward the approaching Federals, and the limbs of the thick tops had been so sharpened, that troops could pass only by marching eighty rods in single file through an almost impenetrable thicket of forked branches and jangled timbers. To oppose all these advantages with fortifications equally strong and available, required an immense amount of labor, but it was done. On the morning of May 9th, a force of 20,000 rebels came out to attack General Pope's much smaller force at Farming- ton; General Van Dorn in front, and General Price cireui- tously in the rear. The Eighth Wisconsin was posted there, a 32 498 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. portion in front, under command of Major Jefferson. Dis covering that the enemy was in force, he deployed his men as skirmishers, and held the rebel skirmishers in check for three hours. When the enemy advanced in force and planted his batteries, our skirmishers fell back, and the regiment alone withstood the artillery fire for an hour without support. At length General Palmer coming up with four Illinois regiments and Hescock's battery, the engagement became general, with continued severity. The enemy took advantage of their superior numbers to fill the woods on the right and left, and attempt to flank us. In this they persisted until the Illinois troops and the battery began to fall back, leaving the Eighth Wisconsin much exposed. One shot passed close to Major Jefferson's head, and took off the leg of Colonel Miles, of the Forty-seventh Illinois, who afterward died of the wound. A shell exploded near Company G, of the Eighth, killing Lieu tenant Beamish and Corporal White. Captain Perkins was soon among the slain. The brigade was ordered to lie down for protection from the enemy's guns. But that did not satisfy; they rose and advanced with so much fury that the rebels flew back to the woods. A little after another force flanked our men on the other side, and they were ordered back. The enemy still pushing on and outnumbering the Federals, and General Halleck not wishing to bring on a battle with the whole army, our troops retired to their next line, a mile in the rear, and that terminated the action. The Fifth Battery having moved with Pope's army from New Madrid, took position in his lines seven miles south of Hamburg, on May 7th, and in this battle Lieutenants Hill and Gardner were ordered with four guns to the extreme front to defend a bridge where the rebe's might pass in making an attack. They bravely held their position until ordered to retire. General Price, who went to the rear with the hope of capturing the Unionists, failed to appear in. season, though the battle lasted several hours. General Palmer, in person, highly complimented the Eighth Wisconsin, and in general orders said, " The Badger State may well feel proud to have the honor of being represented by so gallant a regi ment as the Eighth Wisconsin." But three of their men were SIEGE OF CORINTH. 499 beyond the reach of human praise — among the dead ; two of them commissioned officers, all valuable men, and nineteen were wounded, some seriously. The regiment soon advanced again, and like all the rest, intrenched. The Sixteenth and Eighteenth Regiments, belonging to General Grant's old army, then under the immediate com mand of General Thomas, were posted in the right wing of the whole Federal force, and during the siege were constantly engaged in the trenches and on picket and outpost duty, no participation in any marked battle having fallen to their lot. Owing to their severe losses at Pittsburg Landing, some changes were necessary to perfect again the organization of the Eighteenth, and Captain Gabriel Bouck, of Company E, Second Wisconsin Infantry, was appointed Colonel, April 22d, and took command ; at which time the regiment numbered two hundred and fifty effective men, disease having joined with battle to reduce their numbers. The Seventeenth Regiment was attached to General McAr- ¦ thur's division, and took an honorable part in the siege. Colonel Doran, its commander, August 5th, after the siege, in defending General Grant and criticising the prevalent mode of warfare at that time, had the discrimination to say, " The reasoning of the present age not only justifies but demands the destruction of the enemy by the most available means known to modern warfare." And even at that early date, he also defended the negro's capability to bear arms. After the battle of Farmington, the Fifth Battery were actively engaged during the siege in the duties of their posi tion. The Sixth Battery took part in the siege as a reserve in the rear of the Federal forces. The portion of the Twelfth Battery engaged at New Madrid, subsequently re turned to the Jefferson Barracks, where they were joined by other recruits from Wiscensin, and on the 6th of May two sections proceeded by steamer to Hamburg, and thence; on the 11th, advanced to join General Pope's command. There, on the 14th, they were rejoined by the other section, under command of Lieutenant L. D. Immell, of Missouri. On the 17th of May General Sherman captured the Russell House, a strong rebel outpost. On the 21st the whole Fed- 500 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. eral line was within three miles of Corinth, and from that time skirmishing and cannonading occurred daily. The Confederate communications were now cut off' on all sides except the South. On the evening of May 27th, Colonel Elliott, of the Second Michigan Cavalry, led his regiment and the Second Iowa Cav alry out from Farmington twenty-five miles to Booneville, where they burned trains and depots, and destroyed many locomotives, five cars loaded with arms, five with ammunition, five with subsistence stores, and six with officers' baggage. On the 28th, a strong reconnoitering column from each of the three Federal armies advances upon the enemy, and Sherman attacks and takes a strong rebel position in front, and plants his forces within one thousand yards of the Confederate line. Pope's attacking column comes to a close engagement with the rebels; the Eighth, with its brigade, while supporting a battery, sees a mass of the enemy approaching on the double quick to capture the guns, and waiting until they come within forty yards, rise and pour upon them a fire so destructive that they are thrown into confusion and retreat, leaving two hundred of their number killed and wounded on the field. The Eighth were complimented for this action by Generals Tyler and Plummer on the field. On the 29th one section of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, under command of Lieutenant Zickerick, moved to the front, opened fire upon a fort commanding the Memphis and Charles ton Railroad, and destroyed it. On the 30th, General Pope's batteries were all to be opened on the enemy. But it was too late ! The night previous the rebels completed their evacu- tion, preparations for which commenced on the 26th, and at four o'clock on the morning of the 30th an immense explosion was heard by our troops, smoke and flame filled the air above Corinth, the Federals pressed forward on the double quick, and gazed on the spot which their long-watched enemy had just left in ruins. ^ But at seven o'clock of that day General Pope set out in pursuit of the enemy, the Eighth Wisconsin being among his forces. They captured a large amount of stores, and June 2d the Eighth encamped at Booneville, twenty-five miles south of Corinth. The Sixteenth, Seventeenth, and Eigh- TENTH BATTERY, 501 teenth Wisconsin Infantry were among the eager troops that pressed toward Corinth as soon as the advance was ordered after the evacuation. They soon went into camp side by side, about one mile south of the town. The Twelfth Wisconsin Battery joined in the pursuit of the retreating foe, and went into camp at Clear Creek, Mississippi, May 31st. « TENTH BATTERY. A new Wisconsin participant in the honors and duties of the siege and battles of Corinth is the Tenth Battery. It was recruited under the superintendence of Yates Y. Beebee, assisted by P. H M. Groesbeck, James Toner, and David Piatt. They commenced October 15th, 1861, and December 1st fol lowing, had one hundred and sixty men, and asked for orders. But owing to delay in rendezvousing the number diminished to one hundred and thirty, and when mustered in they had but one hundred and eighteen. December 6th, David Piatt was elected first lieutenant by a detachment of forty, who had been put into winter quarters at Werner and Germantown. December 21st, Y. V. Beebee was elected captain by the com pany. February 7th, 1862, they went to the rendezvous at Milwaukee, were mustered in by Captain Trowbridge on the 10th, and on the 12th moved to Racine. The roster was as follows : Captain — Yates V. Beebee. Sr. 1st Lieut.— David C. Piatt. Sr. 2d Lieut.— -P. H. M. Grosbeck.. Jr. 1st Lieut. — James Toner. Jr. 2d Lieut. — Henry A. Hicks. Some sickness had already prevailed in the company, and the first death was that of " little Willie Bacon " — carried off by the measles — a boy of much promise and universally beloved. In March they received orders to proceed to St. Louis. They were reluctant to go, because they had received no pay, though they enlisted five months before. They reached St. Louis on the 20th, and were soon paid. But there Lieutenant -Toner, with twenty-five men, was transferred to the Eighth 502 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Battery, in order to fill it ; and Lieutenant Hicks, with forty- five men, to the Ninth Battery. Twenty-four men, originally recruited for the Seventeenth Regiment, were added to the battery, April 18th, making their number one-half that of a full battery. After a drill of three days, they were ordered to Hamburg, Tennessee, where they arrived May 4th. After suffering disappointment and delay for supplies, they joined General Pope's division, and commenced service, their camp being near Farmington. Here they remained during the siege, engaged in the usual artillery duties of such a position. In the action on May 28th, just before the evacuation, Sergeant Kewen was killed, and one or two others injured. WISCONSIN TROOPS DURING THE SUMMER. The Eighth Regiment remained at Booneville until June 12th. They next advanced to Rienzi, which they soon left for summer quarters at "Camp Clear Creek," nine miles south of Danville. A good opportunity was now given for exercise in brigade and battalion drill, which was Well improved under Colonel Murphy, who had command of the brigade to which the Eighth was attached. On the 18th of August they marched for Tuscumbia, Alabama, sixty miles, reaching it on the 22d. Colonel Murphy was put in command of the post, and the regiment was detailed as provost guard, Major Jefferson acting as assistant provost marshal. Afterward they assisted in two expeditions, to Decatur and Courtland, against guerrillas. On the 8th of September, at evening, they left Tuscumbia and marched all night on the Iuka road. The next day they encamped at "Buzzard's Roost," where they found a fine spring. A little time was now spent in hunting guerrillas. On the 12th Iuka was reached, which a few days before our troops had evacuated. The Eighth was expected to remain as guard of the position, but the next morning they encountered Price's advance cavalry, with whom they had a severe skirmish. Three times the enemy assaulted their lines, but in spite of this the Eighth repulsed them, though not without the loss of fifteen wounded and twenty-four prisoners. Finding it would be impossible for them to hold their ground against such for- TROOPS DURING THE SUMMER. 503 midable odds, they marched, on the morning of the 14th, toward Farmington, thirty, miles distant, where they arrived in the afternoon. One account estimates that 2,000 negroes followed them. The enemy's cavalry still pressed them with irregular assaults, which greatly harassed them. The march being hot and dusty, there was but little opportunity for rest, and at one o'clock the next morning they were again on the march toward Iuka, camping at Burnsville for the night. The 16th found them still pressing toward Iuka, followed by the enemy. Three different times they went to within one and a half miles of Iuka, and finally encamped again at Burnsville — having neither tents nor blankets. Their rations were also short, and they had marched thirty miles during the day, in the rain. The next day, with a large force, they moved south to Jacinto, and on the 19th the whole force moved at daylight toward Iuka. The Sixteenth were stationed in the fortifications at Corinth, until September 17th, when they marched for Iuka. They were in the left wing of the army, which was now advancing to meet Price. The Seventeenth remained at Corinth, engaged in garrison and police duty, during the summer, with the exception of Company A, who, under command of Captain McCauley, were detached and stationed as guard on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, fifteen miles north of Corinth. In the evening of October 2d they discovered some rebel cavalry tearing up the track, and attacked and routed them, killing and wounding several, and capturing some horses and equipments. The Eighteenth were ordered to Bolivar, Tennessee, on the 18th of July, where they remained until August 16th, when they turned their faces toward Corinth, encamping there on the 19th. Their position here was under Colonel Oliver, of Michigan, in the second brigade, with the Fourteenth Wiscon sin. Orders having been given for a southward movement of the whole army, the Eighteenth moved with it, September 17th, out of Corinth. Its object was to reinforce General Rosecrans, who was marching on the rebel forces under Price, at Iuka, Mississippi. On the 19th the brigade left their divi sion, and taking a circuitous route came out on the east side 504 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. of the town, where they met the enemy's pickets at four o'clock in the afternoon, and drove them in after a sharp skir mish, i At this time the battle of Iuka was taking place on the south-west side of the town. After rejoining the division they camped late in the evening. The next day they arrived near Iuka, and were met by orders for their whole division (Gen eral Ord's) to make a forced march to Corinth, which was threatened by the enemy. They advanced thirty miles, to within four miles of the town, that night, and entered it on the 21st. The Fourteenth Regiment had been detained as provost guard near Pittsburg Landing. There the cannon they had captured in the battle was presented them, with addresses from General Halleck and Governor Harvey, just previous to the death of the latter. On the 23rd of August they went to Corinth, and were assigned to the sixth division, commanded by General McAuthur. Guerrillas were at this time reported to be destroying the track of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and on the 27th the regiment were sent against them. They marched as far as Bethel, but not finding any rebels, returned to camp on the 29th. During the month of September they went on various expeditions through northern Mississippi, but met with few of the enemy. Returning, they marched as far as Chewalla, and on the 17th joined in the movement to rein force General Rosecrans, who was marching on General Price, at Iuka, as before described. October 1st, the brigade moved to within two miles of Chewalla, and the next day, skirmish ing with the advancing enemy, fell back to within two miles of Corinth. The Fifth Wisconsin Battery moved from Corinth to Jacinto, Mississippi, June 23rd, and advancing through Rienzi reached Ripley on the 29th, where they performed guard duty until August 14th, when they were ordered to Iuka. During the month they were transferred to the " Army of the Tennessee," and on the 21st of August left Iuka and crossed the Tennessee at Eastport, on their way to Nashville, which place they reached on the 3rd of September, after a very toilsome march of nearly two hundred miles. Marching with General Buell's forces northward from Nashville, they reached Louisville in the T000PS DURING THE SUMMER. 505 latter part of the month, and on the 1st of October left it to meet and turn back the rebel General Bragg, who was making a triumphal march toward the Ohio. At Bardstown the battery took part in a skirmish on the 7th, and on the next day parti cipated in the battle of Chaplin Hills. Soon after the evacuation of Corinth, the Sixth Battery moved to Rienzi, Mississippi, sixteen miles south of Corinth, and thence to Booneville, twelve miles south of Rienzi, where they were stationed a short time, after which they marched back to Rienzi, in June, and there remained until the 1st of October. They were attached to the fifth division, commanded by Brig adier General Asboth. They were encamped near the village, on high land shaded by oak and hickory trees. Captain Dillon was there appointed brigade inspector, and Surgeon Clarkson Miller, of Geneva, Wisconsin, who had been com missioned for this battery on the 6th of June, arrived in the early part of July, commenced the performance of his duties, and proved a faithful and efficient officer. The battery was, during the summer, engaged in drilling, reconnoitering, and guarding against surprises of the Confederates, but obtained no opportunity to fire a shot at them until the 4th of October, at the sanguinary battle of Corinth. When Corinth was evacuated, the Tenth pursued the enemy as far as Booneville. Returning they camped on Tuscumbia Creek, near Corinth. ' Here they were assigned, on the 5th of July, to the first brigade, first division of the army of the Mis sissippi. At this time twenty-four men were taken from the brigade and attached, for a time, to the battery. This greatly lightened the labor of the battery, which hitherto had been too heavy ; since they had done the duty of a full battery with but half the usual number of .men. On the 21st of July they went twenty-two miles east of Corinth, to Iuka; and from this point, on the 12th of August, they began the march with the division to join the army of the Tennessee. From Iuka they went to Tuscumbia. On the 17th they resumed the march along the line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and arrived on the 20th at Courtland. Here one section of the battery was left, under command of Lieutenant Groesbeck, while the remainder Wept to Decatur, Alabama. Lieutenant 506 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Groesbeck's section rejoined the battery at this place, Septem ber 3rd. On the 5th they , crossed the river, after having burned the. tents and extra, baggage, and marched northward to Athens, where they bivouacked on the 7th. They here awaited the arrival of the second brigade, and the next day the whole command resumed the march. The Twelfth Battery moved from Clear Creek, June 6th to Booneville, but returning the ,11th, remained until the 27th, when they marched for Holly Springs. They advanced beyond Ripley, and being ordered to return, camped, July 2d, between Rienzi and Jacinto, where they remained until the 10th, and returned to Clear Creek. While there Captain Zickerick took command, and, August 11th, the battery re ceived four ten-pounder Parrott guns. On the l4th they removed to Jacinto, and served on outpost duty. September 14th, Lieutenants Harlow and Miles joined them with seventy- one recruits, and on the 18th they moved to Iuka. THE BATTLE OF IUKA. On the 11th of August, 1862, General Halleck was ap pointed to the command of " the whole land forces of the United States, as general -in -chief" This made General Grant supreme in command at the west. General Pope had been called to the command of the army of Virginia, and Gen eral Rosecrans succeeded him in command of the army of the Mississippi. General Grant proceeded to reorganize his forces, and arrange for aggressive movements in the autumn. Mean while he kept a vigorous watch over the enemy, which accounts for many of the movements of Wisconsin troops dur ing the summer, which have already been, recorded. By orders from Washington he sent some of his troops to reinforce Gen eral Buell, whom Bragg was threatening in his contemplated advance to the Ohio. General Price left Tupelo, Mississippi, early in September, with 15,000 men, and marching northward occupied Iuka, a station on the Memphis and Charleston rail road. His plan may have been to threaten a pursuit of Buell on the other side of the Tennessee, with the hope of drawing Grant's forces away from Corinth, and thus aid Van Dorn in BATTLE OF IUKA. 507 his contemplated attack on that place. But General Grant de signed to have a battle with Price at Iuka, and then return in time for one with Van Dorn at Cornith. As stated in part first, General Hamilton, at his own request, was transferred from the east to the west, and at this time he was in command of a division under General Rosecrans, at Jacinto. General Grant ordered Rosecrans with his two divisions of about 9,000 men, under Hamilton and Stanley, to advance on Iuka, at the north-east ; and at the same time sent General Ord with 3,000 men from Corinth, to be joined by 3,400 under Colonel Ross, from Bolivar, to attack Price at. Iuka from the north — thus making a combined attack with two Federal armies on two different sides. Ord was too dilatory, or too much hindered by difficult roads and roughness of the country, to reach Iuka in season. Price, learning that the Federals were advancing from two different directions, deter mined to meet and defeat them in detail. He moved south west from Iuka about two miles, and posted his men to meet Rosecrans' army as it advanced. That army, General Hamil ton's division being in advance, eight miles south-west from Iuka, met the rebel pickets in a deep ravine. They were quickly driven from their cover, but soon after opposed our advance with a stronger force, and as their sharp-shooters occupied every available position, the last five miles of the march was a con stant skirmish. At a white house on the way the action became very severe, and Lieutenant Schramm, one of General Hamilton's body guard, was mortally wounded, and other casualties occurred very close upon the general himself. When within two miles of the battle-field the advance of the forward column was hastened. At a cross-road two miles from Iuka, on the brow of a hill, the column was halted, and skirmishers were sent forward to reconnoitre. They had ad vanced only three hundred yards when they came upon the enemy in great force, drawn up in a strong position along a ravine that ran transversely to the Iuka road. The land was very uneven. On either side the road, in the rear, was lined With marshy ground, while in front the hills rose in terrace- form to Iuka. Price had selected a spot where our troops must pass through a narrow space, and could use but a small 508 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. force at once, with no opportunity to flank his men. The rebels were posted in three lines of battle, on rising ground, so that the rear could fire over the heads of the line in front, and yet so that they could retire to the shelter of the ravine. General Hamilton instantly decided on his plan, took his position on the hill at the head of his men, and began to direct the movements of his division. The trees and underbrush were too thick to allow of deploying into line, and the regi ments were therefore moved into position, marching by flank. The Eleventh Ohio Battery advanced rapidly, but with diffi culty, to its allotted place on the height of the knoll. The Fifth Iowa Infantry moved into line, its left resting on the knoll and supporting the- battery, while its right stretched across the Iuka road.. On the right of the Fifth a portion of the Twenty-sixth Missouri formed, under Colonel Boomer, and the other four companies at the right and rear of the battery. On the other side of the battery the Forty-Eighth Indiana, Colonel Eddy, rested its right on the hill, covering the battery, and its left on the open field in front. During all this time a heavy artillery and infantry fire was poured in upon our troops. But they now speedily returned it, and with deadly effect. There were only these three regiments and the one battery to open the battle on the Federal side. As other Union regiments came up, the Fourth Minnesota, of Colonel Sanborn's brigade, under Captain Le Gro, was posted to pro tect the rear of the left, and the Sixteenth Iowa, Colonel Chambers, to protect the right. When Brigadier General Sullivan reached the rear, he placed the brave Perczel, with the Tenth Iowa Infantry, and Immel's section of the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, at the extreme left, across a ravine and open field. No more ground in front could be occupied by the national troops, and the enemy, knowing this, charged repeatedly with great force upon that narrow line, with the confident expectation of dashing it in pieces. The rebels had eighteen regiments, 10,000 men, to bring against one-third that number, and Price was present to command. As General Stanley's troops came up in the rear they were unable to form in line of battle for want of room. And unless the faithful, brave men on the knoll should stand their ground, the enemy BATTLE OF IUKA. 509 would break through and fall upon our forces in the rear with terrific power. General Hamilton gave each regimental com mander orders to hold every inch of ground at every hazard. General Sullivan then took command at the right in front, while ColonerSanborn nobly held the left for some time in their place. But at length Colonel Eddy, in command of the Forty-eighth Indiana, was cut down, and his regiment having an enemy five to one against them, fell back in some disorder upon the Eightieth Ohio, which misfortune left the Eleventh Ohio Bat tery exposed. Then the rebels determined to dispose of that artillery force which had already wrought dreadful havoc among them. They advanced upon it in a huge mass, and the battery opened with grape and cannister at short range, and mowed them down in fearful heaps. But at last every officer of the battery was either killed or wounded, and nearly every man and horse killed or disabled, and it fell into rebel hands. Then the heroic Sullivan rallied a force at the right wing, and rushed over amid terrible danger and recaptured it* But again it fell to the enemy, and again was retaken, though three of its guns were spiked by the rebels, and the timbers of the gun-carriages were cut and shivered with balls. When General Stanley's division came up he aided to restore order in the Forty-eighth Indiana and Eightieth Ohio regiments, and, at General Hamilton's request, sent the intrepid Eleventh Missouri regiment, Colonel Mower, to support the right wing. It was half-past four when the battle com menced ; the contest had now raged two hours with unabated fury, darkness was coming on, and the enemy made one last desperate effort to crush the Federal centre and right. They were met with mighty energy and valor, the woods rang and shook with the echoes of the terrible crash of arms, and Price and his men reeled and fell back, shivered and despairing. The Federals lay on their arms during the night, and the next morning the enemy were on the retreat. Their loss was as follows : Found killed, and buried by our men, 265 ; wounded who died, 120 ; total killed, 385. Wounded carried off by the , enemy, 350 ; wounded found at Iuka, 342 ; prisoners 361 ; total loss, 1,438. Among their killed were Generals Little and Berry > and among their mortally wounded, General1 510 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Whitefield. The Federal loss was 300 killed and mortally wounded, 500 wounded, and 20 missing. Lieutenant W. F. Wheeler, of the Fourth Minnesota Regi ment, who was slightly wounded in the battle, gives an intelli gent account of it, and near the conclusion says : " Amid the, incessant roar of musketry, the thunder of artillery, and the clash of arms, General Hamilton moved with his staff wherever the battle raged the hottest, and gave his orders with the same quiet firmness, promptness, and clearness which are his greatest characteristics in all things. His presence everywhere, just when needed, excited the admiration of the soldiers. His horse was killed under him, and the hilt of his sword shat tered, as he was moving amid the showers of balls which fell on all sides. Yet there -was no excitement or fear exhibited by him. He was soon remounted on a fresh horse, and as calmly as ever directed the movement of the battle at the close as he had from the beginning." In further comment on his character, he says: "He is a man of few words, and always to the point. He is undemon strative, and seems- to possess but little of the art of courting favor. His only care is to do his duty well. The incessant cheers by which he was greeted the day after the battle by each regiment, as he rode past on the march in .pursuit of Price, show that his modest bravery, unflinching courage, and sure skill as a soldier, are fully appreciated by them, and that they are ready to follow wherever he choses to lead." Every correct description of the battle of Iuka gives the honor of the Federal victory there to General Hamilton, as the commander. Lieutenant Wheeler, whose regiment took a gal lant part in the battle, gives him the credit. L. D. Ingersoll, author of " Iowa and the rebellion," in recording the part taken in that battle by the brave troops of his State, says that Hamilton did the principal part of the fighting. Reports of commissioned officers on the field show the same thing; and more than all, General Grant, in his report of the battle, attributes the victory to him, and General Halleck says, " Hamilton's division sustained the brunt of the battle." Lieutenant Immell, in his report of the part taken by the Twelfth Battery says, "Those most meritorious I am con- MAJ. GEN. U-S-^OIiS. ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY FOfl " WISCONSIN IN THE WAR Or' THE REBELLION'/ BATTLE OF CORINTH. 511 strained to mention, are First Sergeant S. E. Jones, and Ser geant Philander Cady, who nobly did their duty.'-' The Eighth Wisconsin was in the reserve, under Stanley, during the battle, but had five men wounded. The Four teenth and Sixteenth Wisconsin were under General Ord, and though some time hovering near and circling about the battle field, did not get to it until the conflict was over. General Hamilton pursued the retreating enemy the next day, the 20th, fifteen miles, but turned, under orders from Grant and Rosecrans, to Corinth, where the rebels in still stronger force were to be met again. BATTLE OF CORINTH. The battle of Iuka having forced Price back to his old position south of Corinth, an effort was to be made, by com bining his force with Van Dorn's, to recover the valley of the Mississippi to the Confederates. The main force of the Fed erals in West Tennessee was stationed near Corinth, and along the Memphis and Charleston Railway. These forces were under the immediate command of Rosecrans, Grant's head quarters being at Jackson, Tennessee. By combining an overwhelming force on Corinth, Van Dorn and Price hoped to effect its capture, and then to follow it up by driving Grant, with his small remaining force, north of the Ohio. This, result would certainly have been effected, had the conflict at Corinth been a victory instead of- a defeat for the Confederates. This campaign was planned as a sequel to the Virginia com- paign, which had witnessed McClellan's and Pope's discomfit ure, and the forcing of the Federal armies to the north of the Potomac. Had Van Dorn's plans proved successful, the month of October, 1862, would have seen the armies of free dom, after two years of war, driven back to the ground they occupied at the, fall of Fort Sumter. It is thus readily seen that the battle of Corinth, though falling far below the battles of the east in magnitude, has, in the magnitude of the interests staked upon it, scarcely a peer in any battle of the rebellion. Failure would have cost us the whole valley of the Mississippi to Cairo : success confirmed the victories and 512 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. achievements of Donelson, of Shiloh, and Island Number Ten, to us forever. About the 25th of September, Price moved from Tupelo to the west, effecting a junction with Van Dorn at Ripley and Holly Springs, their united forces reaching an aggregate of thirty-four thousand men. They moved on Corinth from the north-west. Grant had been advised of the movement, and as early as October 1st ordered Rosecrans to concentrate his forces at Corinth. Hamilton, who after the battle of Iuka had resumed his old position at-Jacinto, eighteen miles south-east of Corinth, moved to the vicinity of Corinth on the 2d, and into Corinth on the morning of the 3rd. Rosecrans' force comprised the divisions of Hamilton, Stanley, McKean, and Davies, which, with cavalry and artillery, made an effective force of about 18,000 men. Rosecrans' plan of battle was to place Davies in front of the enemy, while Hamilton and McKean were to fall on his flanks — a plan so defective that the soldiers in the ranks marveled at it, inasmuch as Davies defeated, the divisions of Hamilton and McKean would be separated from each other's support- by an overwhelming force of Confederates. Rosecrans had taken no pains to ascer tain the nature of the ground over which the enemy was to approach, and as he did not visit either of the divisions in position, he was in no condition to direct their movements understandingly. The position assigned to Hamilton was one separated from the line of rebel approach by impassable thickets and swamps, so that no ' matter what necessity might arise for Hamilton to move on the enemy while engaged with Davies, such movement was impracticable. The enemy approached on the morning of the 3rd, meeting with stern resistance from the Fourteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Wisconsin Regiments, on the south-west. These were forced to fall back, and a series of severe encounters with Davies' division, which was gradually forced back on the town, closed the first day. Rosecrans' plan had failed, but, quick to adopt another quite as faulty, he ordered Hamilton to move on the enemy at midnight with the bayonet, while the thickets and swamps still lay between him and the enemy's position. This new plan seemed so wild that it drew forth a sharp remon- BATTLE OF CORINTH. 513 strance from Hamilton; to the effect that such a movement would result in a total destruction of Rosecrans' army in the morning. A division of troops moving through a dense thicket and forest in a dark night would have been uncontrol lable; friends could not be distinguished from foes. The troops of Hamilton were between two and three miles from any other division and from the town. Rosecrans was plainly told by his subordinate, that while he was ready to execute the order for a midnight charge through the thickets, yet if Rosecrans did not concentrate his troops during the night around the town, so that one part of his army could support another, his defeat on the coming morning would be inevitable. The conference resulted in the concentration of the troops in and around the town during the night. The relative position of the troops was much the same as on the 3rd: Hamilton on the extreme right in the open fields, covering the approach on the north and east; Davies again in the centre, in front of the town ; , Stanley on the left of Davies, occupying the fortifications, and McKean mostly in reserve. The -first streak of morning light on the 4th was announced by the enemy's batteries, as they opened with shot and shell on the town. A brisk cannonade of half an hour from both sides was followed by an interval of some hours of silence, the enemy forming his eolumns of assault, and the Federals lying ready for him. At about nine o'clock in the morning the heads of his columns made their appearance as they emerged from the forest, driving in our pickets and skirmishers. The main attack seemed directed against Davies, whose division was swept away like dust, allowing the enemy to penetrate to the centre of the town. Heavy columns were directed against Hamilton and Stanley. On the right they met the troops who had beaten them but a few days before at Iuka. The batteries of Hamilton, posted to great advantage on all the eminences of the village, played with murderous effect on the advancing columns, pouring in grape and canister at short range, until the onward march of the enemy in that direction was checked. The -favorable moment had arrived. Hamilton hurled his division at double 33 514 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. quick against the wavering columns of the enemy, which after a sharp contest broke and fled. As soon as the rebels in Hamilton's front were routed, his troops were swung round upon the flank of the heavy force which was pushing Stanley to the wall. , The rebels had already planted their standards on the parapets of the .field- works occupied by Stanley's troops, and were pouring victori ously into them, when Stanley heard the shouts of victory from Hamilton's lines, and saw the troops of the latter open their volleys upon his (Stanley's) assailants. The rebels saw their position, with Hamilton on their flank, and break ing they fled to the woods, and the battle was over. But the movement of Hamilton closed the escape of the rebels who had reached the town, and they were all captured. When the battle, was concluded, and the Federals could realize how narrow had been their escape, Rosecrans, with his staff, and the other generals, publicly acknowledged that the day had been lost, but was saved by the prompt and decisive move ment of Hamilton. Pursuit, which should have been 'made immediately, was not commenced until the following day, when it was too late, and the rebels had got too far away to make it effective. It was kept up for three or four days, without other result than the capture of a few broken down wagons and caissons, with their contents, when it was abandoned by order of General Grant. If we may believe the universal testimony of the prominent officers in command of divisions and brigades engaged in this action, more credit is due to General Hamilton for the dispo sitions that were made on the night of the 3rd, and for the vietory on the 4th, than to any other man. In General Rosecrans' report concerning the disposition of forces for the battle on the 4th, he says ; " The design of Gen eral Hamilton was to use the hill where the batteries stood .against an approach from the, west, where Sullivan found the enemy on the last evening. Against my better judgment, expressed at the time, I yielded to his wishes and allowed the occupation as described." In another part, after describing the repulse of our centre under Davies, he acknowledges the BATTLE OF CORINTH. 515 wisdom' of Hamilton's action thus : " Hamilton having played upon the rebels on his right, over the opening, effectively swept by his artillery, advanced by them and they fled. The battle was over on the right." And that decided the issues of the day. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was engaged in the first day of the battle, October 3rd, and had the advance position in the line — the post of honor. Colonel Oliver, of Michigan, who commanded the brigade, said in his official report : " Colonel Hancock and his regiment, the Fourteenth Wisconsin Volun teers, there was no discount on ; always steady, cool, and vig orous. This regiment was .the one to -rely upon in any emergency. Though suffering more loss than any of the regiments- in the command, they maintained their lines and delivered their fire with all the precision and coolness which could have been maintained upon drill." Corporal Joseph Doucett, of Company E, one of the color guard, is very honor ably referred to. The enemy attempted to capture him, with the colors. He defended himself, but received a severe bay onet wound while so doing. For this brave conduct he was subsequently discharged, and received a pension from the Government. Colonel Hancock says that Dennis J. P. Mur phy, color sergeant, bravely clung to his flag till wounded three times. Captain Levi W. Vaughn, Company E, fell bravely fighting in this battle ; and Captain Samuel Harrison, of Company F, lost a -leg, and died on the 20th of the same month. Lieutenant Samuel A. Tinkman, who was promoted for meritorious ser vices at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, also fell on the first day of this battle. The whole loss of the regiment was 27 killed, 50 wounded, 21 missing. On the morning of the 3rd, at four o'clock, the Seventeenth regiment was in line of battle upon the left of our forces, on a hill near the Chewalla road, Company B, under command of Captain McDermott, being advanced as skirmishers. ' Just before noon the rebels crossed their old line of breastworks, and were rapidly driving our men before them when the Seventeenth was ordered to charge with the bayonet. With the gallant Doran for their leader, the men rushed upon the 516 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. rebels with a deafening cheer of their national "Faugh a ballah," which has so often been heard upon the battle-fields of Europe, and routed and dispersed them in wild disorder, our men, after that, retaining possession of that portion of the field. General McArthur, their brigade commander, compli mented the regiment on the field, saying, "Boys of the Seventeenth, you have made the most glorious charge of the campaign." Their loss in this action was forty-one in killed, wounded, and missing. Captains McDermott, of Company B, and Nordman, of Company I, were among the wounded. The regiment bore their State and also the Irish colors, as well as the stars and stripes. Before reaching the enemy, the State and Irish colors were riddled with bullets. The enemy's forces that were thus routed by this one Irish regiment were the Thirty-fifth, the Thirty-sixth, the Thirty- seventh, and the Thirty-eighth Mississippi — an entire brigade! Every officer and man was in his place in the line on that day, and every one did his duty. Lieutenant Colonel Malloy and Major McMahon, both young men, were true to their trust, leading their men with the impetuous and daring gallantry charac teristic of their race. Sergeant Major John Nichol was thanked on the field by General McArthur, for his services in commanding a party of skirmishers. On the next day, the brigade to which the Seventeenth was attached was moved from the right to the left of the line, and the regiment suf fered no loss. As the Eighteenth Wisconsin approached Corinth on the eve of the 2d, they were posted as guard over Smith's Bridge. At daylight on the morning of the 3d they skirmished with the enemy, and when he approached in force they burnt the bridge and rejoined their brigade, which was in line on the railroad, in the extreme advance, supporting a Minnesota bat tery ; but at length it was compelled to fall back before the superior numbers of the Confederates. In the official report of the brigade commander is the following complimentary notice of the regiment in this battle. " Colonel Bouck, cool and sagacious, with his gallant Eighteenth Wisconsin, while with us did most effectual service ; was detached, to guard Smith's Bridge; which he afterward, by order, destroyed, and BATTLE OF CORINTH. 517 brought ¦ his command into the division in excellent order." The loss of this regiment was twenty-five men killed and wounded. The Eighth Regiment, in Stanley's division, reached Corinth on the afternoon of the 3rd, and with their brigade were at once led into action, which lasted the remainder of the day. The regiment was exposed to a terrific fire for three hours-, and came out of battle with seventeen killed, eighty wounded, and eighteen missing. Lieutenant Colonel Robbins and Major Jefferson were both among the wounded. During the night they lay on their arms, and were engaged the next day. Gen eral Hamilton speaks of this regiment as gallantly maintaining itself, under Major Jefferson, in the assault made by the rebels on Stanley's position. After he was wounded, the command devolved on Captain Britton, whose horse was shot during the engagement. The Sixteenth Wisconsin was ordered, on the 2d of Octo ber, to reinforce the Union troops that were engaged in obstructing the advance of the enemy. For this puprose they they marched out on the Chewalla road three miles, and lay there all night, waiting for the rebels ; but early next morning marched back to their camp. Major Reynolds then had com mand, Colonel Allen being at the head of a brigade. The regiment advanced again with their brigade two miles, and met the enemy, when a severe conflict ensued. At the first fire some regiments near the Sixteenth broke and ran, and the Sixteenth itself began to waver. But Major Reynolds and Adjutant Sabin rode along the lines, waving their swords and rallying the men, and Captain Osborn, acting major, brave and efficient, called upon the men to stand firmly, when they came manfully forward and held their position, for at least fifteen minutes, in the midst of a galling, enfilading fire, right and left, without any support whatever. At length they were ordered to retire, which they did in good order. On Friday and Saturday the Sixteenth was engaged, and took many prisoners the second day. In this battle Lieutenant Angus T. Northrop, of Company I, was killed. The Sixth Battery, under Captain Dillon, reached Corinth early, October 3rd, and took position at the north of the town, 518 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. with the reserve forces under General Sullivan. In the after noon they moved to the right, near where the battle was raging, and at night returned to the town, changing position several times before morning. Early, October 4th, they were at the right of Davies' division. In the forenoon they commenced firing on the advancing enemy, who wavered under the heavy volleys, but who pressed on with front and enfilading fire until they made a bayonet charge and captured the guns, a large number of our cannoneers having been killed or wounded. But the pieces were, in a few minutes, recaptured, when Captain Dillon left two of them, and took the field with a four-gun battery, and held it until the enemy retreated. As cannoneers were killed or disabled t officers took their places. Captain Dillon had his horse killed under him. Lieutenant Hood had a narrow escape, a bullet imbedding itself in the iron sheath of his sabre. The battery lost six killed, and twenty-one wounded — twenty-seven out of ninety-three, the number with which they entered the battle. Lieutenant Reverend D. T. Noyes Was among the slain. It was said that he was wounded, and afterward bayoneted on the field by the fiendish rebels, who had temporarily obtained possession, of the ground. He was the son of Mr* Noyes, of Boston, of the ink manufacturing firm, Maynard and Noyes. He came to Wisconsin as a Congregational min ister, ten or twelve years before his death, and labored in the ministry at Mineral Point, Prairie du Sac, and Spring Green. He desired a chaplaincy in the army, but not obtaining one, he felt that consistency and patriotism required him to take a fighting position. His battery passed the following, resolution a few days after the battle : " That in the death of Lieutenant D. T. Noyes, this battery has lost a brave, efficient, and faithful officer, whose intelligence, fidelity, and patriotism had won for him a high place in the esteem of all who knew him." General Hamilton mentions the Sixth Battery as being hotly engaged, and doing a noble work in the repulse of the enemy on the morning of the 4th. He also compliments the Twelfth Battery in the same manner. They were both in his division. General Sullivan rode up to the Twelfth on the field, and said : " Boys, I am proud of you ; you have done nobly. The dead in front of your battery show the work you have done." BATTLE OF CORINTH. 519 - The centre section of the Eighth Wisconsin Battery, Lieu tenant McLean, having been left at Eastport, was ordered for ward to aid in the battles of Iuka and Corinth. At Iuka, with other troops, it did not reach the field; at Corinth it did excellent service, and by the Cincinnati Commercial was ranked with those who greatly distinguished themselves. ¦ The *' Eagle " of the Eighth Regiment took- a noticeable part in this battle. That eagle was originally captured by the Indian " Chief Sky," in the northern part of Wisconsin, near the Flambeau River, a branch of the Chippewa. The Eau Claire Badgers, or "Eagles," brought him- to the Eighth Regi ment at Madison. Captain Perkins, afterward killed at the battle of Farmington, gave the name " Old Abe " to the eagle, in memory of the services of Abraham Lincoln, and the bird gave the name " Eagle " to the regiment. He generally rode on the banners of the regiment in all its marches, and mani fested a singular sagacity. In time of battle he kept his place on his perch upon the colors, and showed the highest interest and excitement ; often jumping up and down, spreading his pinions, and uttering his wild eagle screams. When the regiment would lie down, or otherwise screen themselves from the fire of the enemy, then he would come down from his perch, and insist on being also concealed. Captain William J. Dawes, of Company D, Eighth Regiment, wounded October 3rd, in this battle^ gives the. following incident concerning their eagle, and though enjoining that the account shall be put in other language, it is better to keep it in bis own. " Generals Price and Yan Dorn were driving us toward Corinth, while we, under Rosecrans, were making a stubborn iresistance, contesting every inch of our retreat. The object of our general was to tole;them under the big siege guns of Forts Robbinet and Williams. By a sudden movement of the enemy they got an enfilading fire upon our regiment, which was exceedingly destructive. Of thirty-five men which I took in, I lost fourteen killed and wounded, and other companies lost in a like proportion. Our field officers were all wounded. .The general commanding the brigade, General Mower, had his horse killed the moment I fell, and his adjutant general, Temple Clark, was shot through the body, The same volley that 520 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. did this mischief cut the cord of "Old Abe," who sat on his perch viewing this scene, and he slowly raised himself on his broad pinions and floated off over the rebel lines till I lost sight of him. I was gathered up in a blanket and carried from the field, hardly knowing which most to deplore — our defeat, my own disaster, or the loss of our guardian aegis. Our broken regiment now fell back, and passed me as I was carried slowly along, and as the colors of the regiment swept by I raised my head to salute them, and there, in his proper place, sat our bird, having returned from his reconnoissance, and taken his own stand* What joy thrilled my heart ! And it was a sure omen of the terrible slaughter made among the rebels the next day, completely destroying their army. Our eagle usually accompanied us on the bloody field, and I heard prisoners say they would have given more to capture the eagle of the Eighth Wisconsin, than to take a whole brigade of men." Captain Dawes was made brevet major by President Lin coln, for his noble conduct in the battle of Corinth, and not recovering from his wound, was discharged from the regi ment and appointed in the Veteran Reserve Corps, March 31st, 1864. During the summer previous to this battle, the Sixteenth Regiment lost a valuable man and officer in the death of Cap tain Horace D. Patch, Company C. He resided at Beaver Dam, and was one of the earliest settlers in the State. His fellow citizens sent him to the Assembly, and - during the second term (1852) he was the Democratic candidate for Speaker. He was also a member of the first Constitutional Convention. His country received the noble services rendered by him as a man and a citizen, with a true appreciation of their value. He paid for his patriotism with his life; for disease, contracted in the service, swept him away. He died at Corinth June 22d, 1862. General Rosecrans stated the losses to be as follows : the enemy's, 1,423 killed; 5,692 wounded; 2,268 prisoners, among whom were 137 field officers, captains, and subalterns, repre senting 69 regiments, 13 batteries, 7 battalions, and several companies ; 3,350 stands of small arms, 14 stands -of colors, two MAJOR GENERAL HAMILTON. 521 pieces of artillery, and a large quantity of equipments : the Federal loss, 315 killed; 1^812 wounded ; 232 prisoners and missing. In the pursuit of the retreating enemy the next day after the battle, October 5th, which continued in force forty miles with infantry and sixty with cavalry, the five Wisconsin Infantry regiments, and the Sixth and Twelfth Batteries — perhaps also the section of the Eighth — joined in the mase, all returning to Corinth about a week afterward. ^ MAJOR GENERAL HAMILTON. Inasmuch as General Hamilton closed his connection with the army a few months after the battle of Corinth, the reason of that action can not have a better place for record than at the conclusion of this chapter. About the 25th of October, 1862, General Rosecrans was relieved from his command in Grant's army, and ordered to supersede Buell in the command of the army of the Cumber land. Hamilton was assigned by Grant to the command of Rosecrans' army. Under his supervision Corinth was placed in a condition of defence which would enable a small force to hold it for a long time against heavy odds. Early in Novem ber Grant reorganized his army, merging the old army of the Mississippi into the army of the Tennessee. Large reinforce ments arriving, Grant divided his force into three distinct organizations, giving to Sherman the right wing, to Hamilton the left wing, and to McPherson the centre. This organiza tion completed, Grant wrote to Halleck, then commander-in- chief, asking that, on no account, might any changes be made in his commanders, for it was the first time during the war he had just the men he wanted. But coeval with the battles of Corinth and Iuka, Halleck had made a number, of major generals on suspected merits, and it was not in Grant's power to retain Hamilton, who was onjy a brigadier, in the command to which he had been assigned. One major general, who has done the State of Illinois no credit, was placed on duty at Memphis, in order to keep Ham ilton in command of the left wing of the army. 522 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. In December, Grant, by bringing Sherman from Memphis, had concentrated a strong force in front of the enemy's position on the Tallahatchie. The rebels, finding their position likely to be turned, abandoned their strong works on that river, and fell back to Granada, destroying the railroad and public stores on their way. Their movement was closely followed by Hamilton's corps as far as Oxford, at which point General Grant decided to advance no further with the main body of his army. Sherman was detached with a force of 20,000 men, with the expectation that a rapid movement down the Mississippi would enable him successfully to assail Vicks burg. While Grant occupied Oxford, the rebels, under Van Dorn, made a successful raid on Grant's lines of communica^ tion, capturing the village of Holly Springs, which had been made the principal depot of supplies. Holly Springs fell without resistance, though the number of able-bodied soldiers captured and paroled were nearly equal to Van Dorn's force. It was probably for making no resistance whatever that Colo nel Murphy, who was in command, was summarily dismissed. His defence will be given in connection with a further narra tive of his regiment. This cutting of General Grant's lines of supply induced him to withdraw to the north of the Talla hatchie, and very soon thereafter the main body of his army was transferred to Memphis, preparatory to a movement toward Vicksburg. In the month of January, 1863, Grant was ordered to reorganize his army into four army corps, and by direction of the President, Major Generals Sherman, McClernand, McPherson, and Hurlbut were assigned to the command of the different corps. General Hamilton was still a brigadier. This new distribu tion of commands deprived him of the troops he had led to victory at Iuka and Corinth, and gave them to men who had borne no part in that memorable and decisive campaign. He was for a time assigned to the command of the District of West Tennessee, with headquarters at Memphis, but was soon transferred to the command of the District of Jackson and Corinth, with headquarters at La Grange. In the month of March, 1863, Hamilton was made a major general, dating from the battle of Iuka, which gave him the same seniority as major BATTLE OF CORINTH. 523 general that he had exercised as brigadier.- He at once asked to be assigned to duty with the army at Vicksburg, according to his grade. As his troops had been taken from him to be given to a senior officer, he asked simply that they be restored to him for the same reason they were taken away. They were taken from him as brigadier and given to a major general. Now that his- rank as major general dated farther back than that -of him who had succeeded to his command, he asked that he have bis old troops and the place which his rank evidently gave him. But Grant could not make the change, for he could net alter assignments made by the President. General Ham ilton then made the demand of the Secretary of War, accom panying it with his formal resignation, which he begged might be accepted in the event of his command not being restored to him. The Secretary of War received the resignation of Gen eral Hamilton, accompanying his demand, in the light of a threat, and without consultation with the President, it was accepted. The President, on learning that it had been accepted by the Secretary of War, and that General Hamilton was out of the army, sent him a message that he should be restored to his rank if he would recall his resignation. This General Hamilton declined to do, and has since remained in civil life. On reviewing General Hamilton's demands, at, this late day, it is evident they were reasonable, but to have had them granted was more than can always be - obtained of human nature. If General Hamilton had known and considered how important to the country his services would have been, if continued in the army, he might perhaps have simply rebuked' the irregu larity and injustice of which; he was the victim, and withheld his resignation; Many of his fellow-citizens of Wisconsin could wish it had been so. General Grant protested to him personally against his resignation. When Grant said he had his commanders for the first time to suit him, he had placed General Sherman on the right, the first post of honor, and General Hamilton on the left, the second place of preferment. There is reason to believe that General Grant esteemed ¦ Gen eral Hamilton as second only to General Sherman of all mili tary men in the country. General Hamilton was greatly respected and beloved by his 524 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. troops in the army, and was always a man of weight and influence among his fellow officers. But he has a strong preference for the quiet, of private life, which is one element to be considered in judging of his resignation. He was for merly from Oneida county, New York, but early removed to Aurora, Erie county. He entered West Point Academy, as a cadet, in 1839, where he was a class-mate of Ulysses S. Grant; was made brevet second lieutenant of the Second Infantry of the regular army, July 1st, 1843 ; became second lieutenant of the Fifth Infantry in November, 1845, and first lieutenant in June, 1847 ; was promoted to a brevet captaincy, for " gal lant and meritorious conduct" in the battles of Contreras and Cherubusco, August 20, 1847 ; commanded his company with distinction, and was severely wounded, in the battle of El Molino del Rey, in 1847, and served as regimental quarter master from March, 1848, to January 1849. He fought all the way from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico with distin guished bravery. He resigned his commission in the regular army May 1st, 1853, and is now a resident and manufacturer of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. As the first appointed major general, he outranks all other military men in the State. The statement of General Grant relative to the services of General Hamilton and his division in the battle of Iuka, to which allusion was made in the account of that conflict, is as follows: "It was part of General Hamilton's command that did the fighting, directed entirely by that cool and deserv ing officer. I commend him to the President for acknowledge? ment of his services." The fall of Sumter, singularly discovered to the public many hidden talents buried here and there in the coun try. When Governor Raudall began to call for troops, a gentleman showed him the record of Captain Hamilton, in the Mexican war, and the Governor immediately sent for him, and secured his aid in reorganizing the first regiments that left the State. His services for the country in military life may be briefly stated as follows : graduating at West Point Academy, he entered the regular army in July, 1843 ; served with Generals Taylor and Scott through the Mexican war, in which he WOUNDED AT CORINTH. 525 received a wound in the shoulder that detained him in the hospital at the City of Mexico during six months ; at the close of that war engaged in the recruiting service for two years, and then was stationed in the Indian Territory and Texas, to protect the frontier and ward off and fight the Camanches ; at the opening of the rebellion, aided in the organizatioa of the first Wisconsin troops, and then took command of the Third Regiment ; was soon promoted to be brigadier general, and commanded the second brigade of Banks' division ; then was called to take command of Heintzelman's old division in the third army corps, which he led in the early part of the Penin sular campaign ; next organized troops in and about Washing ton, and moved to aid Banks in the Shenandoah Valley ; then was transferred, to the command of the left wing of the Army of the Mississippi, and fought and won the battle of Iuka, and saved that of Corinth, for which he was promoted to be major general of United States Volunteers. The following Wisconsin soldiers were reported as wounded in the battle of Corinth : Eighth Regiment. Lieut. Col. Robbins, Major J. W. Jefferson. Company A — Preston Hay ward, Arthur ,T. Putnam, D. M. Gano. Company B — Sergt. Daniel O'Neal, Fayette Bunee, Corp. A. Underbill, William Carey, F. Lester. Company G—3. J. Miles, J. F. Hill, Adolph Stallman, Geo. W. Riley, A. B. Terril, Elijah H. Paine, A. P. Thurston, Hobeel Swoson, Gabriel Gethardt, Sergeant Christian Shelkopf, Charles , (new recruit). Company D — Captain William J. Dawes, Francis Gale, Peter Pace, Charles Smith, Frederick Jaster, Daniel Morris, August Partz, Joseph Palmer, John Wilson. Company E — Sergt. John Pinick, Samuel 0. Edwards, Edwin Shafer, John Burr, mortally ; William Strong, Jacob Braider, George Barrows, Michael Hogan, Clarkson Blacklege. Company F — George W. Robbins, William H. Thompson, missing. Company G — H. Hines, Corp. William Brown, George Stiekney, John Stevenson, Julius Love, Corp. J. Phillips, Julius Trumbly, David Harvey, Joseph Kane, Wjlliam McNair. Company .ff— Captain Stephen Estee, Philip Gould, mortally ; P. H. White, Nelson Heal, L. Roberts, S. Cluckton, James Gilbert, missing. Company I — George W. Glover. John B. Wright, Charles Brown, Edward Cronan, William Hewett, Nelson Quiggie, Prank J. Case, Thomas J. McMahan. Company E — Lieut. Fellows, Sidney Wetworth, Dennis Murphy, Ole Anderson, Joseph Herns, Henry Collens, William H. Geery, Andrew E. Evans. Fourteenth Regiment. — Colonel Hancock. Company A — Lieut. E. F. Ferris, Aimer Cornish. Company B — Capt. A. Warden, Washington Hoyle, J. J. Bead- liston, W. H. King, James Galbrath, Carlos M. Hardy, and Thomas Tompkins. Company C — Corp. J. Dean, D. Maxon, William Anderson, J. Dewrose, L. Cady, T. Fitzgerald, P. Gallagher, R. Hunter, G. Perkins, B. Porter, and B. F. Smith. Company D — Sergt. S. H. Hunstable, Corps. E. B. Sherwin, W. A. Strasnider, L. Ammitt, and S. Mason ; Privates) Pat McGruer, W. B. Logan, A. Lowell, and L. Spram. Company if— Corp. F. E. Engle, Warren P. Thayer. Company .F— Capt. Samuel Harrison (leg amputated, died October 20th), Lieut. D. A. Ward, Color- bearer D. J. F. Murphy, John Dollar, and A. Parsons. Company G— Capt. L. C. Potter, Corp. C. G. Dreutzer, I. J. S. Holmes, J. Cotrell, Dan. Towsley. Company /—Sergt. A. J. Covill, Joseph Meek. Company E— Sergt. A. G. Abbott, Corp. 526 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. I. Underwood, Corp. F. R. St. John, M. J. Amon, :S. S. Casper, E. H. Country man, Joseph Covenstance, Haseltine Dunter, Chas. F. Davis, Renselaer L. Edson, George Fuller, H. F. Manlore. Sixteenth Regiment. — Company A— Capt. Cotauch, Sergt. Champlain, Lieut. Jos. Mann, James Begard, Amos Brown, John Colby. Company C— Byron Ran dall, M. M. Eldred, T. G. Boss, F. Meislenz, W. J. Jones. Company I> — Hiram Whitney, Jacob Beck, William. McDonnell, James Cook, W. Fisher, Jos. Edwarda. Company E — Perry Proper. Company G — M. McGillon, Corp. George Robinson, Corp. William Wartz, William M. Stewart, F. Liegerst. Company 'R- — Sergt. E. A. Winchester, Solon M. Weston. Company I — Corp. William Tipping, Sergt. Dumphy. Company isf— Nicholas Colling. Eighteenth Regiment. — Company AS. Flynn, John Sturgeon, L. Holzer. Company B — J. Goff, Sergts. B. Aldridge, H. Farmer ; E. F. Waite. Company 0— Robert Graham, William Downey. Company J) — John Winters. Company E — Thomas Clark. Company F — Perry Woodruff, C. N. Plummer, James Tates. Company G — William Pine, Lucius Vaughn, Lewis Reyson. Company iZ— George W. Vincent. Company I — F. Benton, 0. Gunderson, Hugh Carey, Corp. Wm. N. Wright, Ambrose Osborn, Sergt. Peter Mclntyre'. Company AT— Mich. Lenen, Stephen Faunt. Sixth Battery. — Sergt. John B . Jackson, Corp. Stephen A. Ferris, Herman Demmer, Christian Berger, Daniel Goodwin, George A. Brickford, P. J. Seiders, Maengo Tenant, Henry J. B.eynes, William N. Piper, Peter Walport, Augustus ' Trunkhill, Lyman Leach, Hiram M. Morey, Hugh Plannery, John C. Eaglon, Jules Francois Lloyd, Harlan S. Dunning, Frederick Malish, Charles H. Fernald, U. Bauman. "Webjehu En Their attempt to drive in the advance was repulsed by the bravery of Captain W. P.. Moore and his men of the Fourth. At seven an the morning the artillery became engaged, and the line advanced, shot, shell, grape, and canister flying thick and fast. At noon a general advance was made under a heavy fire, the rebels falling back as the army, in three unbroken lines, approached them. At this time Company D was ordered out on the right as skirmishers ; they advanced . close to the rebel works, and shot the gunners, thus silencing their largest piece. The company was commanded by Lieutenant E. R. Herren. Their success in keeping down the rebel gun ners challenged the admiration of the army. The troops advanced and occupied the deep ditches that crossed the plan tation on which they were. These afforded a safe protection. The regiment, numbering three hundred and fifty, engaged in sharp fighting during the day, losing six killed and seven wounded.. In the night the rebels evacuated, and in the 542 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. morning the Federals took possession of the works-. ¦ This was known as the battle of Camp Bishnd. The rebels were pursued to Franklin, and thence the march was mad'e to Opelousas, which place was reached at five in the afternoon on the 20th. On this day a large force of mounted rebels was overtaken, but they fled, and infantry could not catch them, whereupon General Banks ordered Colonel Bean at once to seize horses and mount the regiment as iast as possible. By the evening of the 21st, two-thirds of the men were mounted. The next two days were spent in scouting about the prairies for horses; when the entire regiment was mounted. Engaging almost constantly in scouting and scour ing until May 1st, they then galloped to Washington, Louisiana, on Bayou Cortableau, and joined General Dwight's brigade, and during the night advanced twelve miles up the Bayou, skir mishing by moonlight with Texas and Louisiana cavalry, and returning afterward to Opelousas. On the 4th the expedition marched from Opelousas, and on the 7th reached Alexandria, and camped on the bank of the Red River, near Bayou Rapides. Porter's fleet of gunboats was there at the time, having arrived twelve hours before. The rebels had just fled from the place, and their rear had been in sight of the Federal advance nearly the whole distance from Opelousas. The regi ment made a dash into Alexandria with a yell, cheering for the flag, the army and navy. On the 8th, they moved four miles up the bayou, and the following day, with General Dwight's command, started toward Cane River, following Bayou Rapides to its head, then the Red River, through the pine woods, overtaking and capturing the rear guard of Dick Taylor's force. Returning, on the 12th, they encamped six miles from Alexandria. The cavalry and mounted infantry of the expedition were all under command of Colonel Bean. Three days later, Captain Carter, with his company (B), had a sharp fight with the rebels toward Bayou Rapides, in which six of the rebels were killed, and < several wounded, with no loss to the company. On the 19th, the expedition started for the Mississippi, the Fourth being rear guard, and by rapid marching reached it, opposite Bayou Sara, ten miles above Port Hudson, on the 25th, having engaged in almost daily SIEGE OF PORT HUDSON. 543 t skirmishing with about five hundred cavalry of Taylor's com mand, -which hovered about their rear. The regiment crossed the Mississippi at once, General Paine having received orders from General Banks to hasten forward to Port Hudson. They reached the rear of that town on the 26th, and advanced to their position as a part of the investing force. SIEGE OF PORT HUDSON. , Port Hudson, formerly called Hickey's Landing, is situated at a bend of the Mississippi River, on its east bank, one hun dred and forty-seven miles above New Orleans,* and twenty-two above Baton Rouge. Its position, on a high bluff, made it easy to fortify. Colonel Frank Gardner was in command of the Confederates there, and General Banks of the Federals. The investing force landed near the town, May 21st ; the enemy fell back from his first line of works on the 25th, and on the 26th the line of investment was made complete. At the right was Dwight's (Weitzel's) division, next General Paine's, then Grover's, Augur's, and T. W. Sherman's at the left, below the town. Two colored regiments having reported to General Paine, he posted them at the extreme right, near the river, the Big Sandy Creek running between them and the enemy, with a bridge across it, but subsequently they were transferred to General Dwight, at his request. On the morning of the 27th, a part of General Dwight's command was placed in the first line of battle, and General Paine's in the second. The ground to be traversed by the assaulting lines was, upon the north and east, very rough, and covered with a thick growth of trees. Hills and ravines, very precipitous, and rendered almost impassable by felled trees, were to be crossed. On the other portions of the line the enemy's works were much nearer, and to a great extent visible from the Federal position. At three in the morning, Weit zel's two divisions prepared to form. The pioneers were ordered to follow the infantry rapidly, and open roads for artillery, wMch was to follow with the utmost promptness. They had no definite knowledge of the ground over which they were to pass, for the enemy had held it. The forest was so dense that glasses were totally useless. 544 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. 4 The advance was ordered, and the lines moved forward at four o'clock in the morning, driving in the rebel pickets, and soon coming upon their infantry in rifle-pits outside of the abattis, drove them through it and over into their forts. "The attack was a huge bushwhacking," says General Paine, in describing the battle. The Federal line advanced through the bushes and fallen timbers, climbed over hills and logs, and through tree tops, in their impetuous pursuit, cap turing many prisoners, but suffering heavily from the con cealed riflemen of the foe, and from their light artillery, which belched forth a storm of fire continually. The right wing reached a ridge only two hundred yards from the enemy's works, but no attack had yet been made upon the balance of the line. The pioneers, under Captain Duryea, worked with admirable celerity in opening roads, and in fifteen minutes after the rebels were driven into their fortifications, the Federal bat teries were answering theirs from two commanding points, distant respectively two hundred and three hundred yards. These positions were held until. the surrender of the place. During the advance of the right wing the first line (General Dwight's command) became broken up, and obliqued to the left, so that General Paine's division was soon in front, and pushed on through the storm of leaden rain that was cutting them, not daring to fire a. gun themselves lest they should kill their own men, still supposed to be between them and the enemy. Soon the gallant Sherman advanced with his com mand, in three lines, on the left. He saw beforehand that failure was inevitable, and that he was leading his men to death with no hope of success. He had remonstrated with General Banks, but to no purpose. The men moved up bravely, and fought desperately. General Sherman was severely wounded, and borne from the field in the arms of his orderly. General Grover, in the afternoon, took command of the entire right wing, and ordered the Twelfth Maine and One Hundred and Fifty-ninth New York to make separate assaults at different points. They were gallantly made, but unsuccessful. The Fourth Wisconsin reached the ditch sur rounding the enemy's fortifications, losing five officers and fifty-five men killed and wounded. Two other regiments SIEGE OF PORT HUDSON. 545 reached positions within one hundred yards, of the parapet, and all held their place until the. assault of the 14th of June. The colored troops upon the right fought like heroes. Gen eral Banks reported that " no troops could be more determined or more daring." General Paine says they fought bravely. They made three charges upon the enemy's batteries,, and held their position at nightfall with other troops on the right. An artillery fight was continued day and night, from the date of this assault, to June 14th. The sharp-shooters also plied their occupation on each side, sending their swift and sure missiles upon their errands of death. On the 29th of May one of the rebel sharp-shooters killed Colonel Bean, of the Fourth Wisconsin. It was reported that General Johnston was in the rear of Port Hudson, meditating an attack upon the investing army. The Fourth Wisconsin were now again mounted, having been dismounted during the siege, and temporarily attached to Grierson's cavalry, were ordered to Clinton, Louisiana. On the 1st of June they met the enemy fifteen miles from Port Hudson, and were repulsed, with the loss of one killed and eleven wounded in the Fourth; among the latter, Captain Blake and Lieutenant Maxon, both of whom subsequently died. They were tried, faithful, and esteemed officers. Returning to Port Hudson on the 3rd of June, the regiment remained there until the 14th,. when, at two o'clock in the morn ing, under command of Captain W. P. Moore, they took part in the general assault of that day, being assigned to a position, dismounted, with the Eighth New Hampshire, as skirmishers. They were in General Paine's division, in the centre, and advanced to within fifteen rods of the rebel works, where General Paine, having gone to the extreme front to encourage the men, fell, severely wounded, soon after daylight. Some of the regiment, and also of the Eighth New Hampshire, had entered the works, but. the loss of their chieftain, and the lack of support,, prevented the possibility of success. Of the two hundred and twenty men of the Fourth Wisconsin engaged in this day's charge, but eighty returned ; the remainder were among the killed, wounded, and captured. The gallant Paine lay. upon the field in the. broiling sun all 35 546 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. day, partially protected from the enemy's fire by the slight ridges in the field, which had formerly been cultivated. As often as he attempted, on account of the intolerable heat, to move, a furious fire opened upon him. Two white soldiers attempted to reach him with a stretcher, to bear him away, but were shot and fell near him. They were E. P. Woods, a private of Com pany E, Eighth New Hampshire, and John Williams, of Com pany D, Thirty-first Massachusetts. Both were killed. Several colored soldiers were said to have been killed in making similar attempts, whose- names are not known. Patrick H. Cohen, a private of the One Hundred and Thirty-third New York Infantry, was lying wounded near the general, and, denying himself water, tossed to his suffering commander a canteen cut from the body of a dead soldier. This doubtless saved his life, as the general himself testifies. In the evening he was rescued by a party under Colonel Kimball, of the Fifty-third Massachusetts. This officer, and Colonel Currier, of the One Hundred and Thirty-third New York, with their commands, most gallantly supported the advance in this terrible charge. General Paine would probably have had his division within the fortifications in twenty minutes, had Jhe not been wounded, though the slaughter must have been terrific. The general was taken to New Orleans, where his leg was ampu tated on the 23rd of June. In less than a month he started for Milwaukee, and on the 1st of September started from that city to Washington, to do duty as a member of a militaiy com mission, where he remained until August 12th, 1864, (on that duty, and a portion of the time in the command of troops), at which date he was ordered to take charge of the Military District of Illinois, with his headquarters at Springfield. The capture of Port Hudson dates after the fall of Vicks burg. The history of the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry — cavalry it had become by force of circumstances — may be suspended here until after the narration of other events. But a notice of some of the dead of that enterprising, laborious, and brave body of men, is due in this place. Besides those already named, Private Hyslop, of Company G, whose skillful hands packed the statue of Washington at Baton Rouge, was subse quently killed in a hand-to-hand cavalry fight at that place. COLONEL SIDNEY A. BEAN. 547 Adjutant Lewis D. Aldrich died of consumption, May 21st, 1862, on board a steamer, near Boston, Massachusetts. Lieu tenant Edward A. Clapp was killed in the assault upon Port Hudson, May 27th, and Captain N. F. Craigue, and Lieuten ants N. H. Chittenden, G. C. Pierce, and E. R. Herren, were wounded at the same time, the last losing a leg. Adjutant Gustavus Wintermeyer was killed in the assault on June 14th, and Captain George W. Carter, and Lieutenants G. 0. Pierce and D. G- Jewett, were wounded, and the last taken prisoner. Daniel B. Maxson and Levi R. Blake were mortally wounded in action at Clinton, Mississippi, Jime 2d, and died, the former June 3rd, and the latter the 10th; and many privates were slain in those deadly assaults, whose names will appear in the complete list of the dead. COLONEL SYDNEY A. BEAN. Colonel Sidney Alfred Bean, while in command of his regi ment, in one of the advance positions gained by the assault of the 27th of May upon Port Hudson, was killed, May 29th, by a rebel sharp-shooter, the . minie ball passing ; through his right lung and through his body. He was born in Chesterfield, Essex County, New York, September 16th, 1833, but early came with his parents to 'Wisconsin, and removed with them from Milwaukee to Waukesha in 1846. He early displayed qncommon powers of mind, fitted for college, entered the Sophomore class of the University of Michigan in 1850, and graduated in 1852. Professor E. P. Evans, of that institution, gives this testimony : " He was distinguished at the univer sity for the ease and rapidity with which he acquired know ledge — indeed, he seems to have mastered the subjects almost intuitively, so that, while his scholarship was thorough and accurate, he was enabled to devote much time to independent literary and scientific studies outside of the regular college curriculum. His proficiency in mathematics already indicated for him an exalted position in this branch of, science ; besides, the talent and earnestness which he thus early exhibited as a speaker and writer, promised unusual eminence in more popular fields of usefulness." The death of his father, soon after his graduation, compelled 548 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. his attention to business, but could not destroy his love of intellectual pursuits. He became professor of mathematics in Carroll College, at Waukesha, performed double duty, with no salary, much of the time, and contributed of his own means to sustain the institution. There he pursued the study of the oriental languages, and comparative philology, and "his common-place book," says Professor E. P. Evans, " contains many valuable and original suggestions on those topics, which, it is to be regretted, he did not live to elaborate and systema tize. Some of the results of his investigations, however, are embodied in a lecture i On the Study of Language,' delivered in 1859, before the University of Wisconsin, at the request of Chancellor Barnard. Few i persons of his years displayed more varied attainments, or were more thoroughly versed in the different departments of language, literature, philosophy, and the natural sciences." An article of his on " De Quincy and the Greeks," pub lished in the Christian Examiner of March, 1866, is a good specimen of his style, and in a lecture on " Heroism," deliv ered at Waukesha, in January, 1856, he had the following bold and manly thoughts : Young men are in danger of falling into the conviction that all the forces of society are controlled by wire-pulling. , It is a great blunder. The world does not go by wire-pulling. It has more reputable methods of looomotion. In its own, little sphere, and with its own little men, wire-pulling doubtless has its filthy function. In its poverty it greedily gulps the meager morsels of sin, knowing well of its final starvation. It is content with proximate success, in the certainty of ultimate and utter overthrow. The wire-pullers in the end always get pulled themselves. * * - Be assured that the compensatory powers of this good universe are never exhausted, and the recuperative energy ¦ of nature is such, that, however old and wrinkled she may be, she will yet.give blow for blow to those who insult her. * * Every prodigal son who deserts her munificent table will surely bring up with the swine and the husks. When the war broke out, though having a delicate consti tution, he heard the voice of duty in the event. " When warned of the danger to which he would be exposed," says Professor Evans, " and told that he would probably never return alive, he replied in the words of Marshal Saxe, when similarly remonstrated with on the eve of the battle of Fontenoy: 'It is not my business to live, but it is my business to go.' He saw COLONEL SIDNEY A. BEAN. 549 clearly from the first the question at issue, and drew his sword distinctly and avowedly in order to give freedom to the enslaved." In an address to his fellow-citizens of Waukesha, in Janu ary, 1860, when speaking of the former agitation of the ques tion of the higher law, he said : « Men banded themselves together,, and by terrible demonstrations of mammoth meetings, and platforms, and resolutions, and cleaving the general ear with horrid speech, seemed trying to' bully God out of the country. No sooner was it announced that there was an antecedent law of God comprehending and control ling all human laws, then men discovered that the country was in danger. * * Evidently, in their view, God was a disunionist. And then came religion to bend the supple knee for the thrift which follows fawning, and to draggle her purple robes in the dust of self-abasement, to disown the God she lived to teach. Not altogether so, for we rejoice- to know that so large a proportion of the clergy main tained their integrity as ministers of that religion which teaches that the human soul is of more value than human governments. For this is their name baptized with all sweetness and honor. * * But you know, also, how all the thin- skinned, hunt-the-slipper gentry — the ambassadors of heaven, forsooth — told you that "the powers that be are ordained of God," and, therefore, oh masterly logic, we hardly know whether to admire more their head or their heart ; therefore we must put aside the law of Christ to bow to the will of man, either actively by obeying the wicked law, or passively by Submitting to its penalty, and both come to the same end. They told you that if we were caught in the meshes of wicked laws, we must be quiet;- we must not agitate,;, that, we should, not have the . poor right of the mouse in the trap — to squeal I And oh, how deftly they sandwiched their little morsel of patriotism between an under-erust of bad logic and an upper-crust of bad piety. In answer to the plea that slavery had christianized the African race, he exclaimed : Oh, the iniquitous solecism of evoking the Christian from the ashes of the man I * * If the Jews held slaves, not so much the better for slavery, but so much the worse for the Jews. Slavery is fairly responsible, not only for all the actual conse quences of it, but for all the possible consequences. * * It is logically held for all the evils which exist m posse, and not for those alone in esse. A law or an insti tution which confers a power to do wrong, is criminal to the full extent to which that power may be carried under any circumstances. Because a power that ought never to be exercised ought never to exist. The man who had the penetration and the bravery to utter such thoughts before the war came, did not live in vain. Decide as you will, whether the assaults on Port Hudson were fruit less, he did not die in vain ! No drop of blood that oozed 650 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. forth from his mortal wound was lost ! Rather, it was precious seed, that will, a century hence, be springing up and bearing fruit. " Being in Washington when the first call for troops was made, he left immediately for home, and was commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Infantry — afterward cavaliy — May 27th, 1861. When his regiment took part, under orders, in the expedition to the Eastern Shore of Maryland, professedly to subjugate, really to shamefully con ciliate, the rebels, he abominated the transaction, as his testi mony before the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War will show. Of his interviews with General Williams, who put General Paine under arrest for refusing to turn out fugitive slaves from the camp, he wrote in his diary thus : " I go to the General, and say, General, our , men are dying of salt pork and hard bread; they grow weak and pale; they need vegetables — vegetables are all around us, and in the fields of rebels who, if they are not now in arms, are supporting those who are; besides, they have been before, and will be again when we go away ; their sons, and nephews, and relatives are now fighting us ; their treason has brought our men here, and given them these pale faces. Let us take their corn and potatoes. The General turns in his chair, and says, ' Oh, you're an aboli tionist!' " Again I say, General, this man is a rank traitor ; I have heard him in the street declaiming treason ; if you give him a pass he will use it to our injury. The general replies: 'Oh! you can't think of anything but the nigger,' etc., usque ad nauseam." Of the removal of General Butler he said : " Under General Butler this department was standing ground, solid under a man's feet. Much was accomplished with small means. Now nothing is accomplished with gr eat < means. Butler's little finger is thicker than Banks' loins ;" Diary, February 20th, 1863. And again, "Brave soldiers, the world never saw better ; subordinate officers worthy of the soldiers : but gen erals, the world never saw worse. * * * We are dying of lack of brains. Little^men are the lice that are eating us up. COLONEL SIDNEY A. BEAN. 551 * * * I am disgusted. But I do not wish to leave the ser vice. This is the time to stand by. I have httle desire to survive the fell of my country." After his death there was found in his possession a well- written account of the assault of the 27th, in which he speaks of some of his comrades in these words : " Captain Craigon was hit with a musket ball, not mortally, I hope, and the poor fellow lay there among the trees, bleeding like an ox, laughing at his wound and cheering on his men. Captain Herren had bis leg knocked off. It has since been amputated, and fife is questionable, and he lies on his bed crying, now for his leg, and now that he did not get into the forts. Lieutenant Pierce, of the same company, was shot in the arm, but seemed quite consoled when I told him the regiment was ahead of every thing. Lieutenant Chittenden was hit in the breast; how badly I do not know. Our whole loss during the day was about seventy killed and wounded, and three hundred was all I took on the field." And he closed that letter by saying, " My admiration for my men is beyond bounds." In bis portfolio was also found a note, written a few hours before the battle, requesting that, in case he was killed, bis body and effects might be sent to his friends in Waukesha. His solemn request was sacredly complied with ; his funeral occurred at the residence of his mother, in Waukesha, on June 16th, General Smith, several members of General Pope's staff, Colonel Lewis, and other military gentlemen, and a large con course of citizens being present ; and Reverend 0. Park having preached an appropriate discourse, the young philanthropist, philosopher and hero, was slowly and sadly buried in the village cemetery. The family of Mrs. Bean sustained a heavy affliction and loss by the war. Three sons, and one son-in-law were in the service at once — Colonel Sidney A. Bean, of the Fourth Wis consin Cavalry, Captain Irving M. Bean, of the Fifth Wis consin Infantry, Lieutenant Walker L. Bean, of the Twenty- eighth Wisconsin Infantry, and Captain M. G. Townsend, of the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin Infantry. Only one of the four is left. Lieutenant Bean died of disease, contracted by expo sure in the army, at Columbus, Kentucky, on the 28th of 552 WISCONSIN IN THE :WAR. December, 1862. After prostration by illneSs1, without the knowledge of his surgeon, . he followed his regiment away from camp with the expectation of meeting the enemy, and persisted in remaining, against the expostulations of friends, until his exertions so overcame him that he was borne back to the hospital, where he died, a few hours after, of brain fever. Captain TownBend served long and faithfully in the army commanded by General Steele, in Arkansas, and was instantly killed in battle during the retreat of that army from Camden to Little Rock, on the 17th of April, 1864. Not many families of the State have lost so many of their members as this one. But a record should be made of such as have, whoever or wherever they may be. CHAPTER VIII. FIRST CAVALRY. FROM ITS ORIGIN TO NASHTIZZE, — FORMATION, — E0STEE, — MOVEMENT TO CAPE GIRARDEAU, — BATTLE OF CHALK BLUFF, — BATTLE OF HODGE'S FERBT, IN CANE BRAKES AND BAYOUS, — AT HELENA, — SICKNESS AND DEATHS, — PURSUIT OF BOONE, — IN GENEBAL DAVIDSON'S COMMAND, — CAPTUEE OF COLONEL PHELAN, — GALLANT CHAEGE OF PHELPS AND HUBBS, — AT WEST PLAINS, — AT PILOT KNOB, — AT ST. GENEVIEVE, — BACK TO CAPE GIRARDEAU, — IN GENERAL M°NEILL's COMMAND, — AD VANCE AND RETEEAT, — CHAEGE OF CAPTAIN SHIPMAN AND HIS MEN, — Bottle of Cape Girardeau, — TRANSFER TO NASHVILLE. Wisconsin troops bore an important part in opening the Mis sissippi. A portion also shared largely in the peculiar and wearisome warfare west of that river ; and the First Wisconsin Cavalry, during the first part of its history, was conspicuous in services rendered there. According to the report of Adjutant General Utley, this regi ment owes its origin to the energy and perseverance of Prof- fessor Edward Daniels, of Waukesha. His permit from the General Government to raise a regiment of cavalry was fol lowed by a commission as lieutenant colonel, from Governor Randall, June 30th, 1861, and the work of recruiting at once commenced. As the first regiment of its kind organized in Wisconsin, the difficulties to be 6vercome were many and peculiar, but "the indomitable spirit of Colonel Daniels sur mounted them all," and the First Wisconsin Cavalry, described as " a splendid body of men," was the result. Ripon was at first the place of rendezvous, but being deemed unsuitable for the winter quarters, the regiment was removed to the more sandy soil of Kenosha, November 23rd, where its 554 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. organization was completed, and its last company mustered into the United States service the 10th of March, 1862. The roster, when the regiment left the State, was as follows : Colonel — Edward Daniels. Major 1st Bat. — 0. H. ,La Grange. Surgeon — Horajtio N. Gregory. Major 2d Bat. — Henry1 Pomeroy. • 1st As. SurgeonA^-Qhaxles H. Lord. Major 3rd Bat.—Wm. H. Torrey. 2d As. Surgeon— H. W. Cansdell. Adjutant — Charles "W. Burbank. Quartermaster — James C. Mann. Captains. A — Thomas H. Mars. B — Henry S. Eggleston. C — James W. Decker. D — Nelson Bruett. E— R. H. Chittenden. P— John Hyde. ¦ G — Nathan Paine. H— Lewis M. B. Smith. I —William M. Hoyt. K — Algernon S. Seaton. L — Henry Harnden. M — Thomas J. Conatty. First Lieutenants. Levi Howland.. Frank T. Hobbs. Alex. J. Burrows. Fernando C. Merrill. Augustus J. Hunt. Newton. Jones. Steven V. Shipman. James M- Comstock. Joseph H. Morrison. Gilbert D. Coyle. Hiram Hilliard. George W. Barter. Second Lieutenants. "Wm. J. Phillips. John T. Consaul. Chas. F. Huxford. Geo. "W": Frederidk. Thos/W. Johnson. Henry W. Getchell. Joseph E. Mosher. "William S. Cooper. Wm. G. Cooper. Joseph E. Atwater. Talbot C. Ankeny. John A. Owen. Charles L. Porter was the first second lieutenant of Com pany D, but resigned September 2d, 1861. Oscar H. La Grange was the first lieutenant colonel, but was not commis sioned until after the regiment left the State. On the 17th of the same month, the regiment started for St. Louis, the kindness and generosity of their Kenosha friends equalled only by: their own joy in being at last en route for Rebeldom. Arriving at St. Louis,, they were quartered in Benton Barracks till the 28th of April, when, having been furnished with horses and other equipments, they embarked for Cape Girardeau, Missouri. ¦ This place, occupied as a military post by Union forces, became a favorite camping ground for the First Wisconr sin Cavalry. The climate was healthful, the citizens loyal and kind, and, perhaps, equally potent was a real or fancied resem blance between the surrounding scenery and their old Wis consin homes. The principal features: '. of interest were the FIRST CAVALRY. 555 Forts A, B, C, and D, the St. Charles Hotel, and crowning the whole, the large brick college building, used as a hospital. But the regiment had work before them, and on the 10th of May they marched to Bloomfield, fifty miles south-west, a place described as a " stronghold of the most malignant rebellion." Here the rebel Colonel Phelan's command of one hundred and. thirty was broken up, himself and several of his men being taken prisoners. Jeffries and Miller, with their followers, were pursued into Arkansas, across the St. Francis to Chalk Bluff, where, on the 15th of May, eighty of the rebels made a stand against twenty of our own men, from Companies A and D, under command of Major La Grange, but were driven off in some twenty minutes. Our loss in the encounter was three killed, including Lieutenant Phillips, and four wounded, among them, Lieutenant Merrill, who received several wounds, some of the bullets yet remaining in his person. The rebel loss could not have been less than eleven killed, and fifteen wounded. Doctor Gregory, the regimental surgeon, was also soon after shot while watering, his horse in the St. Francis, near Chalk Bluff, and in a few days died. He was a worthy man, of excellent habits, and could illy be spared from his position. " Subsequently the regiment, penetrated the swamps of the " Panhandle," reaching Little River at Homersville, where they captured the rebel steamer Daniel B. Miller, worth' dbout $15,000, loaded with sugar, molasses, whiskey, and rebel officers. , ' From Bloomfield, as a place of rendezvous, the regiment was scattered in various scouting expeditions, meeting, with many hardships and privations, but doing excellent service in dispersing the rebels.. A correspondent of the Milwaukee Sentinel writes: "We have been through every thing, and stopped for nothing ; marshes, passable and impassable, with bottom and without bottom, were all the same to our vigorous northern horses." " We have slept out of doors, in the woods, with our horses picketed around and among us. We have been half starved a part of the time,, fruit and long, lean, lank swine constituting the sole product of the country; but we have enjoyed excellent health in this wild business, till. we came to Chalk Bluff, where the water is so bad that, sickness is sure to follow its use." 556 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. On the 8th of July, Colonel Daniels, with Lieutenant Colo nel La Grange, Major Torrey, and six squadrons of troops, accompanied by a train of thirty wagons, left Bloomfield'm the direction of Arkansas. Garrisons were still remaining at Bloomfield and Cape Girardeau. Following Crowley's Ridge, the regiment came to Scatterville on the 10th, where Company L, under command of Captain Harnden, attacked and routed a detachment from Colonel Allen's command, of which twelve or fifteen were killed, twenty wounded, and twenty-five or thirty taken prisoners, and the remainder of his two hundred men driven beyond the White River. Other rebel forces were dislodged from Greenboro, Jonesboro, Harrisburg, Taylor's Creek, and Madison. At Jonesboro, on the 1st of August, Captain Porter, with a detachment of twenty-three men from Company I, While returning with the sick to Bloomfield, sur prised a rebel encampment of eighty-five men, under Captain Adair, which, after exchanging a few shots, fled, leaving horses, arms, all their camp equipage, and eleven men taken prisoners. By daylight the next morning, the rebels returned with rein forcements, and Captain Porter was obliged to surrender, losing five killed, two wounded, eight prisoners, and eight missing. Of the enemy seventeen were killed, four of them lieutenants, and four wounded, including one captain and one lieutenant. At sunrise on Sabbath morning, August 3rd, Major Eggles- ton, with some one hundred and thirty, including sick and convalescent; encamped at Hodges' Ferry, on L'Anguille River, between Madison and Helena, was attacked by a party of five hundred Texan Rangers, under Parsons. Thirty-eight of the enemy were killed, and some wounded, while of our own men some fifteen were killed and about thirty wounded. Among the former was Chaplain George W. Dunmore, who, awakened by the rush of horsemen into camp, joined in the struggle, and " was shot while fighting splendidly." Lieuten ant Owen, in the Chicago Republican of January 2d, 1866, graphically describes this encounter and his own escape, an extract being as follows : " We were dismounted, and our horses hitched and unsaddled in the camp among the wagons. The negro cooks were just building their fires and preparing FIRST CAVALRY. . 557 for breakfast. ' The vidette on duty at the picket post had been approached so suddenly by the head of the rebel column, that he was overpowered in an instant, and with a number of rebel guns leveled at him, was threatened with instant death if he fired a- shot. The brave man, a member of Company B, felt that the salvation of the company depended upon him, and true to the instincts and discipline of the soldier, he fired.' That single shot we disregarded, and our first alarm was the frightened shrieks ,of the negroes and the yells of the rebels. Every man sprang to arms without orders, and there com menced one of the savagest fights of the war. For twenty minutes the unequaled contest raged, till fifty of our men were killed and wounded, and an equal number of rebels lay dead and dying on the ground, when, by a bold attack upon the rebel line on the north, about twenty of our number escaped. The rebels, now that resistance had ceased, took possession of the camp, and with the most fiendish barbarity murdered many negroes, both men and women, plundered and burned the train, and then, with forty-seven prisoners beside negroes, returned, as rapidly as they came, toward Little Rock, taking with them the horses and mules that had not been shot in the fight." Lieutenant Owen and six others having escaped, attempted to reach Mariana, but losing the way, wandered among tangled cane brakes, waded deep bayous, eating only two toads and a few raw fishes till Tues day, when they found a log house and friends, who afterward guided them to the Mississippi, where they took a skiff and floated down forty miles, to Helena. These hardships were so severe that most of the party died from their effects. Early in August, the expedition reached Helena, where, diminished by deaths and replenished by recruits, it remained till September 22d, when it was ordered back to Cape Girar deau. Perhaps other regiments have been initiated through experiences equally severe, but certainly this First Wisconsin ' Cavalry had its full share of suffering. Scattered by hands'ful over two hundred and fifty miles of hostile country, upon which they were dependent for supplies, often insufficient or unwhole some; chasing through swamps after an enemy too cowardly to meet them in fair fight; wading through floods and 558 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. drenched by heavy rains ; breathing malaria and drinking foul water ; every considerate person will be somewhat prepared for Mrs. Harvey's report of their sad condition, on her visit to the Cape, early in October. Eighteen had died at Helena, three more on the boat, and still six others the first week of their return. Forty of them, sick or wounded, were in the St. Louis hospitals, one hundred in the hospital at Cape Girardeau, twenty-two of them pronounced by the surgeon as unfit for any future service ; " only one hundred and fifty able to be about, and they the ghosts of their former selves," and Major Torrey sick with the rest — such was the mournful picture. No won der, perhaps, that friends at home were anxious, or that some supposed the regiment reduced to one hundred and fifty, un mindful of the fact that the available force of the First Wis consin Cavalry was always at work some where, and that seldom at camp. An official report of November 21st, for warded to Governor Salomon from Patterson, where they were then encamped, brings up the number to within one of a thou sand, though two hundred and fifty of them were siek, and Captain Shipman adds a note stating that " the men are fast recovering from the ill effects of their stay, during some of the most unhealthy months of the year, at Helena" But whatever were their discouragements, the activity and ardor of those fit for duty seems in no way to have abated. Within a week after their return to the Cape, we find them in company of the Twenty-ninth Missouri, hunting up the guer rillas that had been ravaging in the neighborhood. Scarcely were they back from this expedition when the regiment was ordered to Greenville, seventy-five miles west, to start within two hours, Captain A. S. Seaton in command. October 19th, they removed to Patterson, ten miles distant. Arrived there a scouting party was next day formed, consisting of the Twelfth Missouri, a battery, a company of infantry, and the First Wisconsin Cavalry. On the second day out, reports came that Colonel Boone, with a company of six hundred, was encamped ten miles distant, and at once our forces were in pursuit. Ten miles passed, but no trace tif Colonel Boone or his camp. The next- day, after crossing a stream, Captain Seaton determined, with his small force of less than two hum FIRST CAVALRY. 559 dred, 'to attack the enemy in his own stronghold. > Scouts were sent out, skirmishers deployed, and the various military evolu tions of a scientific attack were all performed, and the charge made gallantly upon — an empty camp. Boone was on his way to Thomasville. Thither, after receiving supplies and dis patches from Patterson, our troops followed them. Again the pickets were driven in., again was the charge made, and again was the camp found empty. Guerrillas can vanish while a battle line is forming. Having followed them to Pocahontas with no better success, the cavalry returned to Patterson, November 3rd. After another hard march in pursuit of the enemy, on a false report, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel La Grange, they took time for rest, and a thorough' renovation of camp and equipments; The four hours' daily drill brought back martial polish, and the First Wisconsin, Cavalry was itself once more. November 22d, the regiment was inspected by Brigadier General Davidson, to whose command it had been attached, and soon after a battalion was ordered out, under command of Major Torrey, to march against Colonel Phelan, who was reported to be near Bloomfield. The colonel was surprised, with his body guard of thirteen men, asleep on the floor of his own house, by Sergeant Milton Martin, of Company F, who, withdrawn pistol, obliged them to remain quiet until he called assistance sufficient to confine them. Having secured their prisoners, the troops charged into Bloomfield after the main body of Phelan's force, but they had retreated. This was the second time that Colonel Phelan had been captured by the First Wisconsin Cavalry. < " Thanksgiving came and went, but brought no dinner peculiar to the day. Too far removed from home to receive its luxu ries, the First Wisconsin Cavalry boys sat down to their hard bread, pork and coffee, with an appetite that made even that more savory to them than turkey or oysters to the epicure; such is their testimony. December 11th, the brigade was again ordered out with five days' rations ; met with heavy rains arid bad roads ; went to Centreville and Bobnesville ; erected fortifications; arid gath ered corn for provision trains between Pilot Knob and Van Buren. 560 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. About December 28th, Sergeants Phelps and Hubbs made a gallant charge upon four hundred rebels. While a small party of infantry (some twenty men, with their wagons), sent out by General Benton, were gathering corn, the rebels in large numbers suddenly surrounded, them, took them prisoners, and started for Pocahontas. The news reaching our camp, every available man was started out in pursuit, two hundred infantry and eighty cavalry, the latter comprising two companies, D and M, of the First Wisconsin, under Captain Jones, and the Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, under Colonel Hartman. Our cavalry dashed on at a break-neck speed for sixteen miles, where they overtook the rear of the enemy, at which they charged with such fury that the pickets ran in all directions, forgetting even to discharge their fire-arms. The two ser geants, Phelps and Hubbs, who were in advance, supposing that the whole column was near at hand, dashed on after the rebels till brought face to face with their rear, drawn up in battle array. Turning to their companies, only to find them still out of sight, the sergeants added discretion to their valor, and galloped back to the advancing column. Company D, with rifl.es, was immediately dismounted, and went forward as skirmishers, driving the enemy, who kept up a brisk fire as they retreated. But it was sundown; the infantry had not arrived, and the enemy were moving up the gorge, where it was unsafe for the cavalry to follow them. The recall was sounded, and with hats and coats off, and covered with perspi ration, the riflemen returned, thirty-six from the pursuit of four hundred. January 2d, 1863, a detachment having been engaged in guarding a provision train through to Van Buren, returned, to find the regiment under marching orders for the same place, which they reached January 7th. There the regiment was ordered to meet General Davidson at Alton. With an episode to Thomasville, and back to Alton, the regiment.at last reached West Plains, where the divisions of Generals Davidson and Benton were already encamped, making a force about 17,000 strong. But soon the First Wisconsin was detached from General Benton's force; and sent on in. advance to Pilot Knob. Here the regiment was paid four months' dues, arid s FIRST CAVALRY. 561 the following day was to have been appropriately celebrated, the wherewithal being abundant, but in this the boys were disappointed. Major Pomeroy, who was wont at times to give a supper to the whole regiment; had been ordered by General Davidson to proceed with a regiment of cavalry to St. Gene vieve, and occupy that. point as a military post, surveying camping grounds for the remainder of the army. The First Wisconsin Cavalry were selected, and started immediately. Remaining at St. Genevieve leBS than a fortnight, the next move was by transports to Cape Girardeau, March 10th. The First Wisconsin Cavalry was now attached to General McNeil's command, stationed at Bloomfield, Jeff Thompson's forces being on the east, and Marmaduke's reported as on the west of the St. Francis, at Chalk Bluff. Colonel Daniels had ' resigned early in February, and Lieutenant Colonel La Grange succeeded him in position and command, Major Pomeroy hav ing been at the same time promoted to be Lieutenant Colonel. The regiment was in good health and spirits, prepared by the discipline through which they had already passed for the cam paign opening before them. Their next movement wras to Bloomfield, thence to Chalk Bluff, where they had a successful engagement with the enemy, and then they returned to the Cape with strong hope of being transferred to Tennessee. But General McNeil objecting, April 10th, they were on their way to Bloomfield again. At two o'clock on the morning of the 21st, the shrill blast of the bugle summoned them for a march upon Dallas, whither- the insurgents, in strong force, were marching, having attacked Patterson, killing some, and rout ing the whole garrison. With the arrival of General McNeil's forces the column began its rapid, march, and at nine o'clock in the morning entered the town. Here it was ascertained that Patterson and Greenville were in possession of the enemy, and a strong force was marching upon Fredericktown. To' learn the strength and position of the enemy, Company G, under Captain Paine, was sent out to reconnoitre the Freder icktown road. About eighteen miles out, they encountered a small party of the enemy, captured twelve, with their horses and mules, and returned to camp. From the prisoners it was learned that 20,000, under Marmaduke and Burbridge, were 36 562 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. at the places previously mentioned, ready to march upon Pilot Knob and St. Genevieve, 10,000 being considered sufficient for the capture of each place. News soon came that Bloom field and Jackson were also in the enemy's possession, and being thus completely surrounded by superior forces — their own number was only 1,500 — a retreat toward the Cape was ordered, where, April 24th, they were welcomed not only as friends but deliverers. But Captain Shipman, and forty men of Company E, stationed at Whitewater bridge, were sur rounded by the rebels, and had no way but to surrender or charge through a force of three hundred. They decided on the latter, drew sabres, and started. " A deadly fire was opened upon them as they advanced, but it was of no use ; the compact mass went like a wedge into the grey ranks of the enemy, and bore down everything that attempted to oppose it. This steady front of steel was irresistible. The enemy made way as they advanced, pouring in a close fire into their flanks, but the sabres made such havoc among them that the breach was rapidly widened, and in a few minutes our brave boys were through and flying for the Cape." "When nearly through the broken rebel ranks, Captain Shipman's bridle-rein was cut by a bullet, and his horse became unmanageable ; the crowd that had before given way closed round him ; arid striking right and left, fighting with both sabre and pistol, he fell at last with a dangerous wound. Two of his men lay dead by his side, and four more were bleeding in the path behind. Lieutenant Ogden, with the remainder, met the last line of the enemy. Three more were wounded, but all broke through, and the lieutenant left his sabre driven to the hilt in the body of his antagonist." Of our men, six were killed, six dangerously wounded and paroled, three slightly wounded and escaped, ten taken prisoners and paroled. " The loss of the enemy was much greater, as, besides those who were killed by our boys' sabres, many were killed by their own shots, which, passing through our column, took effect in their ranks on the opposite side." BATTLE OF CAPE GIRARDEAU. On the morning of the 25th, our whole available force was BATTLE OF CAPE GIRARDEAU. 563 drawn up in line of battle, but as the scouts reported no ad vance of the enemy, the remainder of the day was spent in rest At eleven o'clock in the evening, a flag of truce arrived from Marmaduke, demanding an unconditional surrender of the town, with twelve hours for consideration. General McNeil returned immediate reply to the effect, " not while a fort remains standing, or a soldier lives to defend it." At ten o'clock the next morning, Lieutenant Comstock, Company H, commanding outpost, discovered the enemy in force and retired, skirmishing with his advance, untikunder the protection of Fort B. One of his men, Christian Bejorensen, of Company G, was struck by a shell which nearly severed the leg from his body, leaving it dangling by a narrow piece of flesh and skin. Gathering the severed member up in his arms, he endeavored to get into an ambulance without assistance, and actually per formed the feat of carrying the shattered limb in his arms a distance of two miles, to the hospital. He died soon after. " The great bell in the cathedral had just ceased its tolling when the loud thundering of the guns on Fort B, answered by Marmaduke's hostile cannon, in the direction of the Jackson road, told that the battle had fairly begun." In an instant each man was in his saddle, and galloped into line. Soon a reconnoissance was ordered by General McNeil, on the Jack son road, to ascertain the exact position of the enemy's forces in the woods. Dangerous as the mission was, it was coveted by all, but the honor fell upon Companies I and G. It was quickly performed, and though within full view of the enemy, and within range of his batteries, without the loss of a single man. On their return another battery was posted on an emi nence between Fort B and the timber covering the enemy, which at its first discharge silenced one of the enemy's most efficient guns, and every succeeding shot seemed to strike where it was needed most. To support this battery were placed the First Nebraska Infantry, and the First Wisconsin Cavalry, except two or three companies of carabineers, who, deployed in front as skirmishers, were doing excellent service. For a time the battle was carried on . chiefly by the artillery, the First Nebraskans, and the carabineers. "-The din was terrific. The thunder of the contending artillery, the shrieking of the 564 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. shells and their loud explosion, the steady fire of the musketry, and the shouts of the combatants, made a pandemonium of deafening sounds impossible to imagine." At last the enemy prepared to make a dash upon the battery, and Colonel La Grange rode before the line of the First Wis consin Cavalry, preparmg them for the charge they were expected soon to make ; " but the withering fire of the brave Nebraskans proved sufficient to drive the rebels back to their covert. Still it was feared that another and more determined attack on their part might be successful from overwhelming numbers, and reinforcements were anxiously looked for. Gen eral Vandever was known to be approaching from Pilot Knob, and troops from Bird's Point were also on the way: but neither could arrive in season to help in that days fight. Another hour's vigorous cannonading, and Marmaduke sent in his second summons to surrender, bnt received the same answer as at first. At this juncture the arrival of a transport at the levee, heralded by her loud whistle, accompanied by the shrieking of fifes and the roll of drums, told that succor bad at last arrived, and shortly afterward a long column of blue uni forms appeared at the escarpment of the ridge which flanked Fort B." Marmaduke, doubtless supposing there inforcements to be greater than they really were, after a demonstration in the direction of Fort D, where he was again repulsed with heavy loss, sent up his third and final demand for surrender, threatening terrible destruction if his demand was not imme diately complied with. General McNeil's reply, accompanied by the remark, he " never saw such impudence in a white man," not proving any more satisfactory than the previous messages, Marmaduke withdrew his forces, after a three hours' contest, and retreated on the Jackson and Bloomfield roads. Pursuit was made the next day, and arriving at the White water, the advance, under Major Torrey, found the bridge gone — destroyed by the retreating rebels, and the rain was falling in torrents. Nothing could be done till morning; so, without tents or covering of any kind but their blankets and ponchos, the soldiers sank on the soaked earth and slept. The enemy's rear guard was on the other side of the river, within musket shot, but not a gun was fired during the night. Before BATTLE OF CAPE GIRARDEAU. 565 the bridge could be completed the next morning, (though the Wisconsin boys, under the inspiration of the major, did in three hours what the engineer reported as requiring a day and a half,) the enemy were five hours in advance. Heavy rains, with the passage of Marmaduke's troops, had rendered travel difficult, while felled trees and broken bridges still further impeded their progress ; but nothing could damp the ardor of their pursuit. At night the rear guard was again within reach of the enemy, but a broken bridge, near the Castor River, detained them in the morning. Companies G and H repaired the bridge, skirmishing at the same time with the sharp shooters on the opposite bank. Three miles from Bloomfield the enemy's pickets were driven in by the advance guard, Companies G and H, and near Crooked Creek a sharp skirmish ensued. In the morning the attack was renewed, but the enemy had retreated, destroying the bridge and obstructing the creek; leaving also a rear guard of sharp-shooters to dispute the passage. Companies I and M were detailed to clear the creek, the bridge was soon re paired, and our troops entered Bloomfield without opposition, although it was evident that Marmaduke had made great prepar ations for defending the place. After a few hours rest, the regi ment went on, marched all night, stopped two hours at St.Luke and then on again. Twice during the day was the rear of the enemy overtaken, engaged, and repulsed. At "Four Mile" both parties seemed determined to make the most of their last opportunity. A fierce battle ensued, the enemy fled, and the Federals still pursued. At the St. Francis River, a brisk duel of artillery took place until Marmaduke and his forces crossed the river, and were under the protection of Chalk Bluff. This was the third time that some parts of the First Wisconsin Cavalry had been in battle in this vicinity, and well may its name be emblazoned on their banners. The Union loss, during this series of battles, was estimated at not more than twenty-five killed, and one hundred wounded; while the rebel loss could not have been less than 1,500. On the 7th of May the regiment, with other troops, entered Cape Girardeau, after an absence of nearly two weeks — the most eventful of their history, thus far. On the 31st of May, 566 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. 1863, they embarked on Government transports for their long desired field, Tennessee. Down the Mississippi they sailed, and up the Ohio, then up the Cumberland, till the stranding of the Dickey, near Eddy- ville, brought them to their feet again. There they encamped a week, and reached Nashville June 15th, where they were joined by Companies G and M, who had come to Louisville, and from there by rail, escorting exchanged Unionists. Rein forcements had arrived from Wisconsin ; fresh horses and new carbines (Merrill's patent) had been furnished, so that in num ber and. appearance the First Wisconsin Cavalry was equal to any veteran regiment in the field. \ General Granger so much desired to retain it as provost guard for the city, that an order from Rosecrans, requiring it at the front, was countermanded. But this regiment had come to work again, and the character of the enemy in Tennessee was so different from the rebel bushwhackers of Missouri, as to highly interest the boys, and put them on their mettle. Marching orders were therefore received with pleasure, and at noon of the 18th, the regiment left for Murfreesboro, though the march was not completed, a strong force of rebel cavalry being reported as in the way; and, after encamping for the night on the old battle-field of Stone River, the regiment joined the Union forces at Triune. The First Wisconsin Cavalry was now ranked in the Army of the Cumberland, under Major General Rosecrans; cavalry corps, Major General D. S. Stanley; first division, General R. B. Mitchell ; second brigade, Colonel E. M. McCook. The regiments in the brigade were, the First Wisconsin Cavalry, Second and Fourth Indiana, and Second Tennessee. From this time the history of the regiment is mostly that of the brigade, frequently that of division, and sometimes of the whole cavalry corps. Now commenced a new stage of their history : the fall of Vicksburg was near at hand, and before going beyond that date, a record of other Wisconsin troops should be made. £ngdly.LH.»t'*« /fr^,// '6 CHAPTER IX. SECOND CAVALRY. FROMITS ORIGIN TO TICSSBVRG^-'FOBUA.TION, — THE COMMANDER WITH GENERAL GRANT, ROSTER, MOVEMENT TO ST. LOUIS, AND THENCE TO SPRINGFIELD, SECOND AND THIRD BATTALIONS IN ARKANSAS, BATTLE OF COTTON PLANT, AT HELENA, SICKNESS, DASH ACROSS THE MISSISSIPPI, OPENING OF THE YAZOO PASS, FIRST BATTALION IN MISSOURI, MOVEMENT OF SECOND AND THIRD TO MEMPHIS, BE FORE VICKSBURG, IN PURSUIT OF THE ENEMY, ON THE BIG BLACK RIVER, AND AT RED BONE CHURCH. The Second Cavalry Regiment was organized under special authority from the General Government, granted to the Hon orable C. C. Washburn, Governor Randall indorsing the action, and commissioning him as colonel, October 10th, 1861. He at once proceeded to the work of collecting the men, who were called into rendezvous at the Milwaukee Fair grounds, named Camp Washburn, where special attention was paid to their comfort and health. The lieutenant colonel, Thomas Stephens, of Dodgeville, formerly Inspector General of Wis consin, was a native of England, where he served two years as body-guard to Queen Victoria, and is an accomplished swordsman. In January the regiment was fully filled and organized, and while awaiting orders to move, Colonel Wash burn received a dispatch from General Grant, dated before Fort Donelson the day previous to its capture,vdesiring him to take a position on his staff. A few days after, Colonel Washburn received from the War Department a temporary leave to enable him to do so. Starting to avail himself of this invitation, he took St. Louis in his way, where he obtained an 568 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. order from General Halleck to move his regiment. This rendered it improper for him to accept any position not con nected with the regiment; but in order to obtain certain information, he, by the advice and sanction of General Hal leck, went to Fort Donelson, arriving two weeks after its sur render, and continuing with General Grant until he had moved back to Fort Henry. The regimental roster, 6n leaving the State, was as follows : Colonel — Cadwalader C. Washburn. Lieut. Colonel — Thomas Stephens. Major 1st BaU.—Wm. H. Miller. Major 2d Bait. — H. E. Eastman. Major 3rd Batt. — Levi Sterling. RegH Adjutant — Wm. Morgan. Chaplain — Rev. W. H. Brisbane. RegH Quartermaster — G. C. Russell. RegH Commissary — J. B. Bradford. Surgeon — Clark G. Pease. 1st As. Surgeon — Alex. M. Bean. 2d As. Surgeon — M. P. Hanson. Captains. A — William Woods. B— A. W. Bishop. C— Reuben R. "Wood. D — Joseph H. Burnell. E — Geo. N. Richmond. F— Chas. F. Palmer. G— Nicholas H. Dale. H — Henry Von Hyde. I — E. D. Luxton.' K—F. W. Hutchins. L — A. L. Sherman. M — Nathaniel Parker. First Lieutenants. Napoleon Boardman. John Why took. Myron W. Wood. Chas. S. Bentley. Wallace Smith. R. R. Hamilton. James P. Walls. Aloys Klaus. Geo. W. Ring. Edson Williams. Israel B. Burbank. F. A. Kimball. Second Lieutenants. Henry Decker. Thomas La Flesh. Daniel Riley. Daniel Mears. Austin Cannon. Newton De Forest. Edwin Skewes. Peter Howen Lutern. Wm. H. Brisbane. Porter M. Roundy. Thomas J. Nary. J. C. Metcalf. George F. Hartwell was the first captain of Company D, but resigned February 13th, 1862. Colonel Washburn, with his regiment, left Milwaukee, March 24th, 1862, for St. Louis, where they were completely equipped and mounted. About the middle of May they were ordered to report to General Brown, at Jefferson City, and thence proceed to Springfield, Missouri. The first battalion, under Major Miller, composed of Company A, Captain Wil liam Woods, Company D, Captain Burnell, Company G, Captain Dale, and Company K, Captain Hutchins, escorted General Brown by the western route. The second battalion, SECOND CAVALRY. 569 commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Stephens, composed of Company B, Captain Bishop, Company E, Captain Richmond, Company H, Captain Von Hyde, and Company L, Captain Sherman, marched east, by way of Rolla. The third battalion, commanded by Major Sterling, composed of Cohipany C, Captain R. R. Wood, Company F, Captain Palmer, Company I, Captain Luxton, and Company M, Captain Parker, was the color battalion, and marched by the central route. All these bodies of troops converged upon and met at Springfield, Mis- - souri. There Lieutenant Colonel Stephens was detached, and placed in command of a camp of instruction in that city. , In June, while still at Springfield, Colonel Washburn was commissioned a brigadier general, and moved, with the second and third battalions of the Second Wisconsin, under Major Sterling, and one of the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, in charge of a large train, to join General Curtis, then at Batesville, Arkan sas. Detachments of Companies I, L, and F, moved to Ozark, in pursuit of rebels who were about to plunder a grist-mill there, and killed six, and captured some of their number. The expedition reached General Curtis' rear guard, at Jacksonport, Arkansas, July 4th, and the main army on the 6th, at Augusta, having marched four hundred miles, with no loss, and cap turing one hundred and fifty prisoners. They moved with General Curtis down the White River, expecting to meet transports, with supplies, at Clarendon. On the 7th of July, they encountered the enemy, 4,500 in number, near- the town of Cotton Plant. The Second Wis consin Cavalry was in the extreme advance ; Companies D, G, I, and H acted as skirmishers. Company D, being ahead, came near being surrounded, and, under orders, fell back. Other troops came to their aid, the Eleventh Wisconsin Infantry and Thirty-third Illinois doing the chief part of the fighting, and the rebels were repulsed, leaving, as Captain Wood reports, one hundred and thirty-five dead and five wounded on the field, thirteen Unionists having been killed,and twenty- five wounded. He also states that the rebels took one of our sergeants and one corporal prisoners, tied them to a tree, and shot them. The battle occurred chiefly in a field of high 570 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. July 10th, the force reached Clarendon, and found that the transports had left two days before. This was a great dis appointment, as it was the intention to cross the White River at Clarendon, and capture and hold Little Rock, the capital of the State. Could this have, been done, that system of mer ciless conscription that was exercised by the rebel General Hindman, of that State, would have been prevented. But the failure to procure supplies here completely changed opera tions in this quarter. General Curtis then determined to move his army to Helena. He accordingly ordered General Wash burn to take 2,500 cavalry, and, by a forced march to Helena, put himself in communication with the troops at Memphis, and have supplies sent from there. They set out on the morn ing of the 11th, and reached Helena on the morning of the next day — sixty miles distant — General Curtis, with the main army, arriving two days after. The men numbered about 25,000, and were in fine condition, save that they were hungry and ragged. But their health was excellent, and formed a remarkable contrast to their condition in this respect during the following months of August and September, when idleness and a most pestilential climate began to make great inroads upon their number, and many were soon among the dead. The responsibility of their location and want of employment does not seem to rest with General Curtis, but with General Halleck, the commander of the Western Department. They might have been at Vicksburg instead, and saved the long siege there, as the record in another chapter will show. General Curtis assigned General Washburn to the post at Helena, which he held until November, when the whole cavalry force of Arkansas was placed in his command. While at Helena his headquarters were at the house of the rebel Gen eral Hindman, once a fellow member in Congress. What changes the rebellion produced ! July 26th, Lieutenant Colo nel Stephens received orders to report to Major General Curtis at Helena, and to assume command as colonel of his regi ment. Major Sterling, from command of the second and third battalions, was promoted to be lieutenant colonel ; Captain E. D. Luxton, of Company I, to be major of the third battalion; and Lieutenant George W. Ring, of Company I, to be captain. S0CQND CAVALRYi 571 In November, 1862, General Grant began to move his army southward through Mississippi, for the capture of Vicksburg. Reaching the Tallahatchie River, the enemy was found* in large force, strongly fortified at the crossing of that stream, at Abbeville. To get him out of his fortifications without assault ing them, General Washburn, with 2,000 cavalry, crossed the Mississippi, ten miles below Helena, the last of November, and made a rapid move for the enemy's line of communica tions fifty miles south of him, and in his rear. At Oakland, Mississippi, they met a brigade of Texan cavalry, under Gen eral Whitefield, and repulsed them severely. The whole demonstration produced the desired result; for as soon as the enemy found that the Federals were dashing about thus freely in his rear, he abandoned his works and retreated. Then Gen eral Grant pursued him as far as Oxford, Mississippi, when General Van Dorn made a raid on his communications and supplies at Holly Springs, and compelled him to abandon that line to Vicksburg. Early in February, 1863, General Washburn had charge' of the expedition for the opening of the Yazoo Pass from the Mississippi, the object of which was to take troops and gun boats into the Yazoo River by way of the Cold Water and Tallahatchie Rivers. After two weeks of incessant labor, the Pass was cleared so as to allow boats to move through, the first boat reaching the Cold Water River February 22d. The duty assigned to General Washburn was the opening of the Pass, and was successfully accomplished ; but the expedition, having proceeded about one hundred and fifty miles on its way, under General Ross, was brought to a stand at Fort Pemberton, near the confluence of the Tallahatchie and Yalla- busha Rivers, and after making an ineffectual effort to capture the fort, returned. After the departure of the second and third battalions for the south-west, the first remained in Missouri; first at Spring field, then at Cassville, until October, when they moved to Osage Springs, Arkansas, and remained there until the middle of December. Then they returned to Missouri, and were stationed, first at Forsyth, until the latter part of March, 1863, and then at Lake Springs until June, when they marched to 572 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Rolla, and encamped for the summer. Their labors were not light, but, on the contrary, they performed a large amount of heavy scouting, though with little loss of life, and the men in general were healthy and in good condition. They also took part in the battle of Prairie Grove, described in the next chapter. About the 1st of March, General Washburn was ordered by General Grant to proceed to Memphis and take command of the cavalry in that department,, which he did, remaining there until early in May, when he was ordered to proceed to Vicks burg, and take part in the siege of that city. He was com manded, with two divisions from West Tennessee, consisting of about ll,000 men, to occupy and hold Haine's Bluff, and watch the rebel General Joe Johnston, who was hovering, with a large force, in the rear, with a view of raising the siege. Early in February, 1863, the second and third battalions were ordered to Memphis, Tennessee, where they remained until May. At this time the command devolved upon Lieu tenant Colonel Sterling; Colonel Stephens, as chief of cavalry, being in command of the third brigade. While in Memphis, the regiment took many prisoners from the rebel General Chalmer's command, without losing a man in action, though thirteen died? in May, from sickness. June 10th, Colonel Stephens received orders to embark with his regiment upon transports for Vicksburg, where they arrived in good condition on the 13th, and reported to General C. C. Washburn, at Snyder's Bluff, on the Yazoo River. On the evening of July 3rd, orders were received to move the entire regiment the following morning, at four o'clock, to the forks of Deer Creek and Big Black River. At nine on the morning of the 4th, Colonel Stephens received information that Vicksburg had surrendered, but the report was scarcely credited, so many were the false rumors continually afloat. On reaching the headquarters of General Parks, as the regiment was on its way to the Big Black, the report was confirmed by telegraph from General Sherman. Then the Second Cavalry could no longer repress their feelings, but, with great enthusi asm and joy, sent up cheer after cheer for the Union. SECOND CAVALRY. 573 On the 7th, in General Sherman's command, they moved toward Jackson, Mississippi, the cavalry in advance, under Colonel Bussey, and General Joe Johnston's forces disputing their march. Reaching Jackson on the 10th, the cavalry was sent, the next day, to destroy the railway track and build ings near , Canton, which they did ; but learning that there was a strong rebel force at tha,t town, they fell back to Jack son, when, being reinforced, they appeared again before Can ton. Here Private Simpson, of Company I, when in search for a better horse on a neighboring plantation, captured four rebel cavalry, by some strategic movements, and a little aid from a colored boy, and brought them into camp. The enemy were repulsed, and the Federals entered the city on the 15th. On the 18th they found General Sherman at Jackson, still shelling the rebels under Johnson, who, on the 19th, de camped, and retreated across the Pearl river. On the return to Vicksburg, and in camp there, Colonel Bussey being ill, Colonel Stephens was in command of the cavalry force. At the camp on the Big Black River, which was reached the 29th, General Sherman ordered all the carriages and buggies that had been collected on the route to be burned. This locality proving unhealthy, the Second Wisconsin, early in August, moved to Red Bone Church, ten miles from Vicks burg, where they remained till September 1st, but some of the regiment never recovered from the disease contracted on the Big Black River. CHAPTER X. t THIRD CAVALRY AND NINTH AND TWENTIETH INFANTRY. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE FALZ OF VICKSBVRG, — Third CavaVryr- 0RIGIN, ROSTER, — ACCIDENT, IN KANSAS, INDIAN REGIMENT. Ninth Infqmtry, — FORMATION AND CHARACTER, — OFFICERS, — MOVEMENT TO KANSAS, INDIAN EXPEDITION, COLONEL SALOMON'S ARREST OF COLONEL WIER, — SUMMER MARCHES. — Twentieth Infantry^- ORIGIN, — MOVEMENT TO THE SOUTH-WEST, MARCHES AND PRIVATIONS, SICK NESS, — AT THE GRAVE OF GENERAL LYON, — Battles of Honey Springs, Newtonia, Cane Hill, and Prairie Grove. — BATTLE OF PEA RIDGE, — NINTH infantry to july 8th, 1863, twentieth infantry to july 5th, 1863. The three regiments, whose history in the earlier part of the war is made the subject of this chapter, were associated with each other during a part of that period. This fact, together with the necessity for economizing space, is the reason for the grouping that has been adopted. THIRD CAVALRY. This regiment was fully organized, and the colonel and field officers mustered into the United States service on the 28th of January, 1862. Colonel William A. Barstow took command, its headquarters were at Camp Barstow, Janesville, and the regimental roster as follows : Colonel — William A. Barstow. Lt. Colonel — Richard H. White. RegH Commissary — F. Quarles. Major 1st Bat. — Elias A. Calkins. Surgeon — B. 0. Reynolds. Major 2d Bat. — Benj. S. Henning. 1st As. Surgeon — W. H. Warner. Major 3rd Bat. — J. C. Schroeling. 2d As. Surgeon — Joseph S. Lane. RegH Adjutant — Henry Sandes. Chaplain — Hiram W. Beers. RegH Quartermaster — A. "W. Farr. THIRD CAVALRY. 575 A — J. D. Dammon.. B— Alex. W- David. C — Edward R. Stevens. D — Leander J. Shaw. E — Ira Justin, Jr. F— David S. Vittum. G — John P. Moore. H — Nathan L. Stout. I — Theodore Conkey. K— -Ernest Off. L — Thomas Derry. M — Henry F. Rouse. First Lieutenants. Robert Carpenter. William Wagner. Jason Daniels. Fernando C. Kiser. A. M. Pratt. Asa Wood. Hugh Calhoun. Julius Giesler. Hudson Bacon. John P. McDonald. Charles A. Perry. William Schmidt. Second Lieutenants Leonard Morley. L. B. Reed. J. B. Pond. B. H. Kilbourn. L. House. C. 0. Ferris. Henry Goodsell. J. W. Van Myers. M. H. Ehle. C. T. Clothier. James Campbell. Olaf Meyer. John D. Welch was theirs-! first lieutenant of Company L, but became battalion -adjutant, December 12th, 1861. On the 26th day of March, 1862, the regiment left the State, under orders to report at St. Louis. They took the train for Chicago, and had arrived within three miles of that city when they met with a terrible disaster. The cars were running rapidly, and several of them were thrown from the track. Twelve men were instantly killed, and twenty-eight wounded. On the morning of the 27th, they arrived in Chicago, and took the cars for St Louis, where they arrived the 28th, and marched to the fair grounds near Benton Barracks. May 22d, 1862, they took three steamers up the Missouri for Leavenworth, Kansas, arriving May 27th. They had previously drawn Merrill's car bines at St. Louis, and sabres at Janesville. They camped on the blue grass near Fort Leavenworth, and there drew their horses and equipments, and, in the city, their revolvers. Colonel Barstow was appointed provost marshal of Kansas, and in the beginning of June, the regiment was stationed, by detachments, in different parts of the State, extending from the Nebraska line on the north, to Fort Scott on the south. The nature of the service was chiefly to hunt up and expel the jay- hawkers and bushwhackers of that region. Companies C, F, I, and M were sent, June 12th, from Fort Leavenworth to Fort Scott, where they arrived On the 17th. This march is worthy of record, as it was accomplished in five days without the loss of a man or a horse, the distance being one hundred and thirty miles. Fort Scott was now the outpost of the 576 WISCONSIN IN SHE WAR. forces, and Major Henning took command of the post. Com pany I was sent to occupy Carthage, Missouri, sixty-five miles from Fort Scott, Captain Conkey in command. Company C was sent to Trading Post, thirty-five miles north of Fort Scott, on the border. Bands of rebels were prowlmg about the territory. Captain Conkey followed one party, with a small force, from Carthage, and, finding himself in danger, charged through their camp of 2,000 one morning before day light, and escaped. Colonel Barstow unexpectedly met the same band at Montevallo, and, routing them, fell back to Fort Scott, where an attack was expected. But General Salomon's arrival, on his return from the Indian country, made the post secure. General Blunt arriving, Companies F and I, Lieu tenant Willets in command, joined an expedition in pursuit of the enemy. At Taberville they had an engagement with him, and Company I being in front, showed so much bravery, that Colonel Cloud commended them in his official report. They took part also in the action at Coon Creek, where 600 loyal ists routed 1,500 rebels. Early in September, Companies I and M were substituted, at Fort Scott, for C and F, Major Henning still commanding. They were constantly engaged in scouting expeditions, and as escorts for trains to General Blunt's army in south-west Mis souri, until January, jt863, when Companies C and G were added to the command, and remained till July, at which date Company G was ordered to report to Lieutenant Colonel White, who then had command of the regiment. Meanwhile, the first and third battalions, under Major Schrce- ling, were engaged in such varied movements and alterna tions as were common to a state of border warfare. In June, 1862, a disposition was made of them at different points, thus : Company D was sent to Atchison, G to Shawnee, and L to Aubrey ; Companies B and H guarded Fort Leavenworth ; at Leavenworth City, A, E, and K performed provost duty, besides scouting in the border counties of Missouri. The infamous Quantrell, with his guerrillas, was often found and fought by them. September 13th, six companies went to Indian Creek, in south-west Missouri, and joined the command of General Salo- THIRD CAVALRY. 577 mon. In his brigade they took part in the battle of Cane Hill, the last of November, and in that of Prairie Grove, December 7th, to be described hereafter. Subsequently they went to Cane Hill again, thence to Van Buren on a raid, driving out a Texas regiment,' and capturing several steamboats. During the winter of 1862 — '63, they were a part of the time at Elm Spring Mills, and Marmaduke being engaged in raiding through the country, they were continually on the alert. To intercept and dislodge him, they were now in Arkansas and then in Missouri, on short marches arid on long ones — at one time moving from Forsyth, Missouri, to Springfield, two hun dred and fifty-six miles, in four days, without taking forage or rations. June 22d, they were separated from the rest of the command, and marched to Fort Scott, Kansas, camping there July 5th, the day after the fall of Vicksburg. The other companies of the regiment, B, G, H, I, and M, in the preceding month of May, under the command of Cap tain Stout, marched to Fort Blunt, in the Cherokee Nation, as an escort for the post supply train. A heavy force of some 1,500 Texans and Indians, under the rebel General Cooper, ' attacked them on the 30th of May, when they were only four miles from the fort. The enemy was repulsed, the national troops losing five men killed and wounded. June 4th, they again set out from Fort Blunt, as escort to the returning train, and, on the 20th, turned about as escort to a large train of supplies to the fort. At Cabin Creek, on the 27th, the rebel General Cooper again attacked them, with a much superior force. The enemy, however, were driven fifty miles across the Verdigris River. Reaching Fort Blunt, they were attached to the third brigade, army of the frontier. July 16th, they marched south, under the lead of General Blunt. The next day they had a battle at Honey Springs, where the rebels, under Cooper and Standwaite, lost many prisoners, and their whole artillery. Afterward they crossed the Arkansas River and pursued the enemy, having some skirmishes, and, on the 19th, returned to Fort Blunt with the army. The early border warfare led to the formation of several Indian regiments, composed, in general, of the arms-bearing refugees among the Indians that could be obtained for the service of the 37 578 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. United States. The Third Wisconsin Cavalry had some con nection with these regiments, particularly the third, which was recruited on the frontier of Missouri and Kansas. Mr. E. H. Ely, of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry, was first detailed for special service, and then ordered by General Blunt, November 15th, 1862, to take command of Company G, Third Indian Regiment, as first lieutenant. The first battalion was with this regiment in the battle of Honey Springs, or Elk Creek. NINTH INFANTRY. On the 26th of August, 1861, a general order was issued for recruiting and organizing a regiment exclusively from the German population, which became the Ninth Wisconsin In fantry. Colonel Frederick Salomon, of Manitowoc, already distinguished in the Missouri service, especially at" the battle of Wilson Creek, was called to the command. The following is the roster of the regiment on leaving the State : Colonel — Frederick Salomon. Lieut. Colonel — A. G. Wreisberg. Surgeon — Hermann Naumann. Major — Henry Orff. 1st As. Surgeon — Louis Loehr. Adjutant — Arthur Jacobi. 2d As. Surgeon — Herman Hesse. Quartermaster — Wm. Finkler. Chaplain — John Bantly. Captains. A — Frederick Aude. B — Frederick Becker. C— Geo. Eckhart. D — 0. C. Buckenen. E — Hermann Schlueter. F — Dominic Hastreiter. G — John Harttest. H — Gumal Hesse. I — Peter Spehn. K— H. F. Belitz. First Lieutenants. Anton Blocki. August F. Dumke. John Arensten. C. E. G. Horn. Conrad Brunke. Martin Voegele. Wm. Meissner. Fred. Molzner. Wm. Markhoff. Edward Ruegger. Second Lieutenants. Henry Stock. Gisbert Guotzloe. Chas. Franz. Jacob Bohn. Erhard Weber. John Gerber. Adolph Miller. Philip Kruer. Wm. Schulten. Otto Leissring. August Kruger was the first second lieutenant of Company A, but resigned December 16th, 1861. Dominic Klutsch was the first second lieutenant of Company G, but resigned Octo ber 8th, 1861. Company A was called " Sheboygan Tigers ;" Company B, "Salomon Guards," of Manitowoc; C, "Wis- NINTH INFANTRY. 579 consin Light Guard;" D, "Sauk County Rifles;" E, "Bur lington Rifles;" F, "Madison Sharp-shooters;" G, "Sigel Guard;" H, "Wisconsin Yagers;" I, "Ozaukee Guards," K, " Tell Sharpshooters." The Germans of Wisconsin deserve credit for the energy exhibited in filling this regiment, in spite of the many obstacles that lay in their way. Wednesday, January 22d, 1862, they left, under orders to report at Fort Leavenworth, where they arrived, after crossing the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers on the ice, and riding in cattle cars a portion of the way, with the thermometer at ten degrees below zero. At Leavenworth they met the Twelfth and Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, and joined the great " South-Western Expedition." On the 26th of February, Companies B and E, of the Ninth, and two companies of the Twelfth Wisconsin, marched to Kansas City, and encamped there the next day, Major Strong, of the Twelfth Wisconsin, m command. They bivouacked at a place called " Johnny Cake," without blankets, on the frozen ground, in the sevgre cold, with nothing to eat except old tough crackers, and resumed the march next day, with empty stomachs and stiff limbs. March 2d, the main body of the regiment left Leavenworth for Fort Scott, one hundred and sixty miles distant, Companies B and E joining the regiment on the 4th. They remained at Fort Scott until May 27th, 1862, during which time , Companies C and F were detached, May 1st, to Carthage, Missouri, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Orff, and at this place they were reinforced, on the 9th, by Companies A and K, with two pieces of artillery, com manded by Major Jacobi, who relieved Colonel Orff, arid took command of the expedition. May 17th; the whole force was ordered to rejoin the regiment at Fort Scott. On the morning of May 27th, they marched for Jlumboldt, Kansas, forty-five miles distant, where they enjoyed an excel lent camp, and good water. But, on June 1st, they moved south-easterly, by way of Indian Mission, to Spring River, at the mouth of Shoal Creek. The entire force at this place con sisted of two regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, under command of Colonel Doubleday, who soon relinquished his position to Colonel Salomon, and he 580 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. removed the camp to Baxter's Springs, six miles south-west, where it continued to June 28th. On the 25th, two infantry (Indian) regiments, two of cavalry, and a battery of artillery, were added to the force called the " Indian Expedition," under command of Colonel William Wier, of Kansas. While remaining at Baxter's Springs, foraging and recon- noitering expeditions were frequent. At Cowskin Prairie, near the Missouri and Arkansas line, two rebel camps were routed — containing a few hundred men each, led by Standwaite and Coffee — and a considerable number of horses and cattle were captured. June 29th, the march was resumed; the weather was very hot and dry, the thermometer standing, one authority says, one hundred degrees Fahrenheit, and another, one hun dred and eighteen ; water was very scarce, at one time there being none within three miles of camp, and once the regiment marched twenty-four miles without any water. Still, the enemy sometimes hovered near them — white rebels and red rebels — though not venturing to meet them in battle, except by skirmishing, when the loyalists were always victorious. It was one object of this expedition to strike terror among the Cherokee, and other Indian tribes, who had been influenced by the rebel agents, and who had already bec.ome hostile to the United States Government. In this the expedition was successful ; for very many Indians came daily into the Union camps, gave up their arms, and in many instances proposed to join the Federal army. The Third Indian Regiment was there enrolled to the number of four hundred, and the Indian troops could well endure the climate. It was designed to have this expedition cooperate with the advance of General Curtis, westward through Arkansas, to occupy Little Rock. But he, for reasons named in the last chapter, went back to the Mississippi, and encamped at Helena. The Indian expedition had been miserably fitted out ; for the first brigade, Colonel Salomon, there had not been provided a single horse-shoe or nail ; and yet they had pushed forward to the Arkansas River, which could not be crossed; their line of communication — one hundred and eighty miles to Fort Scott — had not been kept open, they were nearly destitute of provi sions, the enemy had marched through the mountains to their NINTH INFANTRY. 581 rear, a provision train, then due several days, had not been heard from, and was in danger of being captured, and yet Colonel Wier would not fall back, and refused, even upon Colonel Salomon's entreaty, to send a regiment back to pro tect the train, on which their very subsistence was soon to depend. In those circumstances, Colonel Salomon, fully aware of the responsibility he assumed, felt impelled to arrest Colonel Wier, and send him back to Fort Leavenworth, where General Blunt was in command. Then he assumed command of the expedition, and turned back. The rebels had already occupied Neosho and Carthage, and were threatening Fort Scott, the only depot of supplies for the expedition. Repeated messages were now received to hasten back to Fort Scott ; and leaving one half his force with the train, Colonel Salomon with the other . half, by forced marches, reached the Fort in time to prevent an attack upon it. Colonel Wier prefered charges of mutiny to General Blunt against Colonel Salomon, but, after examination, all proceedings were dismissed. It was one of the mouruful cases where the intemperance of one man tlfceatened the ruin of many. VJuly 16th, 1862, Colonel Salomon was commissioned briga dier general, and as such commanded the first brigade of the army of the frontier, the command of the regiment devolving on Lieutenant Colonel Jacobi, until August 25th, when Colonel Charles E. Salomon took command. During the summer and autumn, they were constantly on the march ; at one time chas ing Rains and Shelby with their raiding bands, and at another pursuing predatory hordes in an opposite direction. August 14th, they began a six days' march of three hundred and fifty miles to intercept raiders into Missouri, and took but one night for rest during the whole time. Among their various engage ments were the battles of Newtonia, Cane Hill, and Prairie Grove. One other regiment should be brought forward, and then these battles will be described. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. The men of this regiment were recruited in June and July, 582 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. 1862, and sent forward in squads to Camp Randall. The regi mental organization was completed, and the regiment mus-' tered into the United States service— the muster being com pleted on the 23rd of August. The field officers of the regi ment were all promoted from the old regiments in the field — the colonel, Bertine Pinckney, of Rosendale, havifag formerly been the lieutenant colonel of the Third Infantry, and Lieu tenant Colonel Bertram, the captain of Company A of the same regiment; and Major Henry A. Starr, who was one of the best drilled officers in the volunteer service, captain of Company D in the First Infantry — all officers of capacity, a* well as of experience. The officers were as follows : Colonel — Bertine Pinckney. Lieut. Colonel — Henry Bertram. Major — Henry A. Starr. Adjutant — Henry V. Morris. r — John A. Douglass. Surgeon — Chandler B. Chapman. 1st As. Surgeon — Emanuel Munk. 2d As. Surgeon — M. A. Mosher, Chaplain — Wm. H. Marble. Captains. A — Aug. H. Pettibone. B— Byron W. Telfair. C — John McDermott. D — Almerin Gillett. E — John Weber. F — Nelson Whitman. G— Edward G. Miller. H — Henry E. Strong. I — Wm. Harlocker. K — Howard Vandagrift. First Lieutenants.. Wm. H. York. Emory F. Stone. Chas. E. Stevens. Geo. W. Barter. Fred. Kusel. Albert H. Blake. Albert J. Rockwell. Geo. "W. Root. Thos. Bentliff. Nathan Cole. Second Lieutenants. A Jas. M. Brackett. Fred. A. Bird. Jacob McLaughlin. Chas. B. Butler. Chas. A. Menges. David W. Horton. James Ferguson. Geo. "W. Miller. Albert P. Hall. Sam'l P. Jackson. On the 30th of August, the regiment left the State for St. Louis, where they marched to Benton Barracks, which they found very filthy and disagreeable. On the 6th of September they were ordered to take the cars for Rolla, where they remained ten days. There they received their quota of wagons and mules, all the mules being as wild as Indians, except one in each team. The mule-breaking process, and harnessing them into teams, was, as usu^Van exciting and ludicrous scene. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 583 On the 16th the regiment marched, with the rest of Her- ren's brigade, to Springfield, which place they reached on the 24th, the distance being one hundred and thirty- five miles. There were now nearly one hundred and fifty cases of sickness in the regiment. The first severe march always proves too much for the strength of new troops. They suffered much on this march for want of water, all they found being sometimes only stagnant pond water. But at Waynesville an excellent spring, twenty feet in width, of clear cold water, rising up constantly, gave them great pleasure. The quartermaster, Lieutenant J. A Douglas, was left sick at Lebanon, and died on the 14th of October, universally esteemed by the regiment. October 11th, the regiment marched for Cassville, sixty miles distant, where Colonel Pinckney was placed in command of the brigade, and Lieu tenant Colonel Bertram, of the regiment. Not until about this time were they furnished with good guns, or of a uniform kind. October 17th, they commenced a march to attack the rebel camp at Cross Hollows, Arkansas. When near the Missouri State line, twenty or thirty of the Seventh Missouri Cavalry refused to cross the boundary into Arkansas, claiming that they could not be compelled to leave the State. Com panies B, G, K, and E, of the Twentieth Wisconsin, were ordered forward, with fixed bayonets, to compel them to go. The Missourians concluded that prudence was the better part of valor, and 'marched on. In the afternoon of this day they were in the presence of the enemy, and expected a battle, but the rebels declined. In one part of their march, which included crossing the Boston Mountains, they were thirty hours without food, with only six hours of rest, and again they marched a whole day without food. On the 24th, they reached Cross Hollows, which they occupied without opposition, the enemy having fallen back ; and, remaining there until November 4th, they started on the march northward to Wilson's Creek, having first held their election for State officers at home. They encamped near the Pea Ridge battle-ground, and on the next day experienced a terrible hurricane, and reached their old camp near Cassville, and on the 11th, joined Totten's com mand at Ozark. Through rain and mud they moved on, and 584 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. on the 22d reached their late camp at Wilson's Creek, near the spot where the brave Lyon fell. Many of the regiment visited his grave, each one carrying a stone to aid in erecting a rude monument to the memory of the gallant hero. At this time many of the regiment were sick, one hundred being in hospital at Springfield, twelve miles away, under charge of the attentive and skillful Dr. Chapman. November 22d, Colonel Pinckney left for Springfield, sick. The regiment had, within two months and a half, moved four hundred miles, and suffered much from forced marches and exposure, and to this time twenty-five of their number had died. November 14th, Colo nel Pinckney was presented with a sword by the regiment. December 3rd, they again broke camp, and accompanied Gen eral TIerron's forces to effect a junction with General Blunt, who was then holding the enemy in check at Cane Hill, Arkan sas. By a forced march over a rough and difficult country, they arrived in the vicinity of Fayetteville, on the 6th, having made the remarkable march of one hundred miles in three days. During the summer and autumn of 1862, a series of battles occurred on the "Frontier," which should here be described in their order. BATTLE OF HONEY SPRINGS. As a supply train was returning to Fort Scott,. in the month of July, they approached a heavy force of the enemy at Honey Springs, on the Elk River, in the vicinity of Fort Gibson. General Blunt was passing with his body guard, and concen trated all his available forces to attack the rebels, July 17th. The troops here engaged were the Second Colorado Infantry, First Kansas Colored, the First, Second, and Third Indian Regiments, first battalion of the Sixth Kansas Cavalry, one com pany of the Fourteenth Kansas, a few recruits attached to the Fourth and Fifth Embryo Indian Regiments, and the first battal ion of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry, Companies B, G, H, I, and M, commanded by Major Calkins. These all numbered about 3,000 men. The enemy's force was about 7,000. General Blunt's army descended a long sloping prairie, but none of the enemy could be seen, though it was known, from BATTLE OF NEWTONIA. 585 the smoke of an occasional shot, that they were in position in the edge of a heavy wood. The national forces advanced to meet them on the double quick. As they descended the hill they charged into the timber. Lieutenant E. H. Ely rallied his Indian company, and advanced under a heavy inusketry fire. At one time a portion of the Union artillery mistook our troops for the rebels, and fired upon them. The Second Colo rado, and the First Kansas Colored Regiments, did the princi pal part of the fighting. The battle continued four hours, from first to last, the enemy being defeated, with a loss of two hundred killed and wounded, and eighty prisoners, while the Federals lost sixty-five killed and wounded, and captured valuable supplies and horses. BATTLE OF NEWTONIA. A force of 7,000 or 8,000 rebels, under General Cooper, had collected at Newtonia, Missouri. In the afternoon of Septem ber 29th, 1862, Lieutenant Colonel Jacobi, under orders, marched to make a reconnoissance of the enemy's numbers and position, having in command Companies D and G of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry, a section of artillery, and a squadron of cavalry, which were reinforced at evening by Companies E and H of the Third Wisconsin, and the next morning by still other forces. As this force approached Newtonia, on the 30th, about 3,000 rebels, concealed behind stone fences and in a large stone barn, awaited their coming. When they were within thirty paces of the concealed foe, the rebels rose and fired upon them with deadly effect. The Unionists fell back in good order, checking the advancing rebels by repeated and well-directed volleys, our artillery also unlimbering as they receded, and pouring their shots upon the exulting Confede rates. But the enemy were sufficient in number to flank our infantry on both sides, and take many of them prisoners, the cavalry and artillery escaping by the fleetness of their horses. General Salomon hearing the cannonading some miles dis tant, pressed his forces toward Newtonia, arriving near the battle-field, says Major Schlueter, at sunset. Awaiting the arrival of Colonel Hall jwitb. a force by another route, and 586 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. exchanging a few shots at long range with the enemy, General Salomon moved back his troops that night toward Sa,rcoxie, where they arrived next morning. In the battle we lost twenty- five killed, and one hundred and sixty-seven prisoners, fifty- one of whom were wounded. October 3rd, preparations for another attack on Newtonia having been made, the Third Cavalry marched with the first division for that place, and found it evacuated. Our wounded, captured on the 30th, were found and removed to Sarcoxie. BATTLE OF CANE HILL. November 27th, 1862, the first division of the Army of the Frontier-^-in the first brigade of which was the Ninth Wiscon sin Infantry — marched southward across the Ozark Mountains, and on the 28th, approached Cane Hill, Arkansas. There the advance engaged the enemy, and drove him back ten miles, with considerable slaughter on both sides. Six companies of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry were participants in the strife, and the Ninth Wisconsin Infantry were present in the rear of our advancing column, though too far from the retreating enemy to be actively engaged. General Salomon and a por tion of his brigade, took part in the engagement. The Twentieth Wisconsin was in General Herron's force, which at that time was on the march to join that of General Blunt's, at Cane Hill ; this fact, with the gathering of forces by the rebel General Hindman, was preparing the way for a greater battle. On the 29th, the Ninth Infantry, with the first brigade, went back to Rhea's Mills, took possession, and ran them for the purposes of bread for the men and feed for their animals. BATTLE OF PRAIRIE GROVE. At two o'clock on the morning of December 7th, the reveille sounded, and at three the first brigade marched to join the Federal forces at Cane Hill. But during the fore noon it was ascertained that the rebel Hindman and his men had effected a flank movement, and were on the march toward Rhea's Mills. General Blunt moved toward them BATTLE OF PRAIRIE GROVE. 587 from the west, while General Herron approached from the north with the second and third divisions of the army, and commenced the battle at ten in the morning. The rebels numbered 26,000, with twenty-two pieces of artil lery, under Hiridman and his four division commanders, Rains, Marmaduke, Frost, and Parsons. General Herron had 7,000 men, with twenty-four pieces of cannon, and General Blunt five thousand with twenty-four pieces. The rebels had a strong position. They were on a wooded height, with large open fields in front and on their left They were able to obtain a perfect knowledge of all our movements, and could mass their forces on any point we might attack. After con siderable battling, General Herron directed all his artillery, at once, against the nearest of the enemy's guns, and silenced it in two minutes. He then tried another and another in the same way, till eight or nine of the most troublesome were abandoned by their possessors. When General Blunfs forces reached the field, at two in the afternoon, General Herron was nearly out-flanked by the numerous enemy, his batteries nearly ready to fall, and his men almost exhausted. General Blunt immediately marched his forces across the open plain, pushing the rebels inch by inch, till they fled to the woods, where our troops charged upon them. On the crest of that wooded hill, for four hours, hung in perilous uncertainty that terrible con flict. But when Herron's men knew that Blunfs were on the field they were inspired with new bravery and power. At night an armistice was agreed upon, and in the morning it was found that the enemy had fled. The Wisconsin troops engaged were, one battalion of the Second Cavalry, under Major Miller; five squadrons of the Third Wisconsin Cavalry, and two howitzers, under Major Calkins; and the Twentieth Infantry, under Major Starr, Lieutenant Colonel Bertram having command of the brigade. The Ninth Wisconsin, for the most part, had charge of trains. Early in the battle the Twentieth Wisconsin were ordered to storm the height beyond them. They advanced in line, at " double quid?," one hundred rods, until they were brought face to face with the rebels. The regiment now halted, fired two rounds, and commenced to ascend the hill. The whole 588 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. slope was covered with underbrush, and they advanced with great difficulty; but pressing on, in as good a line as possible, they soon stood before a rebel battery of six guns ; they halted, fired a volley, rushed over the rail fence between them and it, and captured the battery. The brave Major Starr led the regi ment in this charge. The men raised an exulting cheer at their success, Sergeant Teal raised the stars and stripes over one of the pieces, and the regiment was wild with enthusiasm. They still pressed on rip to the rebel lines. The right of the regiment had advanced to within thirty feet of the rebels when they opened on it a tremendous cross fire. Against such a storm of bullets men could not stand, and the right wing gave way. On the left the fire was also galling, but not so severe. . By the daring energy of the officers the men were rallied and brought to the work again. Nobly they fought, but could not succeed. A heavy column of rebel infantry was seen advancing rapidly on the right; a minute more and the Twentieth would have been surrounded. No course was left but to retreat, and that at once, which was done. As they fell back, five regiments of the rebels were pouring their fire upon them, and pursued them so closely that they were compelled to abandon the captured battery, partially destroying it as they left. Afterward, it is said, this same battery was entirely dis abled, the horses killed, and gun-carriages broken to pieces, by our Parrott guns, at the distance of more than a mile. The Twentieth retired across an open field to a fence and reformed, and remained until the firing ceased for the day. After this, the Thirty-seventh niinois and Twenty-sixth Indiana prepared to make a charge. They had seen war at Pea Ridge, and were considered to be two of the finest regiments of the "Army of the Frontier." They advanced up the hill in excellent order, but were also repulsed. In this terrible charge made by the Twentieth, it was scarcely twenty minutes from the time the first man fell till they withdrew, but in that brief time fifty-one of their number were killed, one hundred and fifty wounded, and eight missing — nearly one half of the whole number engage€. Colonel Bertram, in his official report of the battle, says of the Twentieth Wisconsin, " officers and men behaved nobly, BATTLE OF PRAIRIE* GROVE. 589 and stood fire like veterans." The gallant behavior of Major Starr, and of the adjutant, Lieutenant Henry V. Morris, was also noticed, and their cool and prompt manner of executing orders commended. General Herron wrote to. Governor Salomon, "I congratulate you, and the State, on the glorious conduct of the Twentieth Wisconsin Infantry in the great battle of Prairie Grove." The Ninth Infantry, at night, escorted a train to Fayetteville, and at two o'clock the next morning were ordered upon the battle-field again, having marched forty-five miles in thirty-two hours. Captain John McDermott, of Company Cr and Lieutenant Thomas Bintliff, of Company I, were killed in this fearful charge of the Twentieth Wisconsin. Captain. McDermott fell bearing the colors of the regiment, which he had seized when the color bearer was shot. The captain was a warm-hearted, earnest man, and as brave as the bravest. Lieutenant Bintliff was a methodist clergyman, from Beetown, Grant county. He was a fine musician, and a genial, kind man. He was an excellent officer, did everything well, and was universally beloved. A fellow-officer of his says, " He died as he lived, a, noble specimen of what I consider the highest type of man hood — a Christian soldier." Captain John W. Weber, of Com pany E, was severely wounded, and soon died. Lieutenant Colonel Bertram had a horse shot under him, and received a slight contusion of the thigh. Captains A. Gillett and H. C. Strong, and Lieutenants Jackson, Bird, Butler, Blake, Fer guson, Root, and Miller, were wounded. . George M.. Recker^ man, of Company G, fell, pierced by eight balls. On the 9th the dead received a soldier's burial. In these marches and conflicts, Wisconsin troops repeatedly passed over the battle-ground of Pea Ridge, though it appears that no troops from that State were in the battle. There was fought, March 6th and 7th, 1862, one of the most severe battles of the war. The Union force was 10,500, and the Confederate, by their own estimate, from 30,000 to 35,000. The leading Union commanders were Generals Curtis, Sigel, Asboth, Davis, and Colonel Carr — the last four having each a division. The rebel commanders were Price, Van Dorn, McCulloch, and Mcintosh. The Federals were at first surrounded and 590 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. repulsed, but the day was saved, in great part, by the genius and bravery of Sigel. There Mcintosh, who was a cultivated man, and is said to have grieved because he found himself in such bad company among the rebels, was slain ; and there the notorious Ben. McCulloch fell, mortally wounded, declaring with the most horrid oaths, as he was borne from the field, that he would not die, that he was not born to be killed by a Yankee. But he died ! After the battle of Prairie Grove, the Ninth Infantry again became employed in flour and bread making at Rhea's Mills, then in a raid on Van Buren, then in a chase after Mar maduke, then in foraging expeditions, marches and counter marches, incident to the border warfare, with which they had become very familiar. Toward summer they came to For syth, Missouri, and to Springfield, and the 8th of July to St. Louis. Colonel Pinckney leaving the command of the Twentieth, on account of ill health, Lieutenant Colonel Bertram was pro moted to the colonelcy, December 10th, and Major Starr to the lieutenant colonelcy, the same day. After this battle, the Twentieth Wisconsin remained in camp at Prairie Grove until the 27th of December, when they accompanied a force of 12,000 of our troops, with thirty-six guns, upon a reconnoissance to Van Buren, on the Arkansas River, but found no enemy. Shortly after this the regiment marched back into Missouri, and spent the balance of the winter there, moving from place to place in the south-western part of the State. While camped at Mountain Grove, on the 14th of March, this regiment, and the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, adopted a series of patriotic resolutions, strongly denouncing northern opponents of the Federal prosecution of the war, and express ing the most devoted love for the country. The Twentieth adopted them unanimously, after being requested by Colonel Bertram not to vote affirmatively unless they cordially indorsed them. On the 31st of March, the regiment went into camp at Lake Springs, near Rolla. During their six months' absence from Rolla, they had marched 1,100 miles, and lost, of officers and men, two hundred and forty-six, including the discharged and BATTLE OF PRAIRIE GROVE. 591 I wounded who had died. Of those who were still in the regi ment, one hundred and thirty-one were absent, sick, and but four hundred and thirty-nine were present and fit for duty. June 3rd, they marched to Rolla, and took the cars for St. Louis, and the next morning embarked on the steamer Em press, for Young's Point, in Louisiana, a short distance above Vicksburg. They landed there on the 10th, and moved over the peninsula to the river below Vicksburg, crossed the river, and took position in the trenches on the left of the line of the investing force. Here they lay, doing their proportion of picket duty, till the city surrendered. On the 5th of July, General Herron's division moved inside of the rebel Works. The wounded of the Twentieth Infantry in the battle of Prairie Grove, as officially published, were as follows : Company A — 2d Lieut. S. P. Jackson, Corp. S. Smith, Privates E. W. Blake, W. Brownell, W. Heines, A. Huddleston, P. Dean, W. Morrison, G. Petteugill, H. E. Thompson, H. Underwood, M. J. Paine, E. W. Hestleroth, G. B. Shaffer, Jerry Brandon. Company B — Lt. F. A. Bird, Privates 0. M. Atwood, J. Davolt, S. R. Swing, H. Hineman, J. Holden, G. Hoffman, R. M. Jacks, E. Lewis, P. 0. Pool, H. Pine, M. Simpkins, 0. M. Welton, J. Gray. Company C — Sergt. K. Smith, Corps. J. M. Reynolds, S. Livingston, Privates J. Ewing, S. Fitzgerald, J. Hammond, A. Houghtaling, A. Norton, A. S. Richards, J. Watkins. Company D— Capt. A. Gillette, Lt. 0. B. Butler, Sergt. E. E. Ellis, Corps. F. Swinger, S. Doane, Privates F. E. Garner, J. Girsenheimer, C. Pagel, G. H. Phillips, 0. G. Read, J. L. Rockwell, S. D. Stevens, B. J. Thompson, D. Tool, H. 0. Wood. Company E — Lt. F. Kuzel, Sergt. H. Sommers, Prs. G. Janish, C. Rettig, H. Mueller, W. Tank, L. Zanener, W. Bandle, H. Volkman, W. Hahn, W. Wodke. Company F—Lt. A. H. Blake, Sergt. W. E. Marshall, Corp. J. T. Paine, Privates S. Paine, J. Harris, R. Russel, E. Holmes, J. Wagner, G. Lamb. Com pany G—U,. J. Furguson, Sergts. 0. S. Phillips. W. Scott, Corps. T. Parr, D. S. Burbank, Privates A. Hazlewood, D. Foley, M. W. O'Kean, S. G. Lockwood, F. Larson, W. Brandt. Company R— Capt. H. C. Strong, Lt. G. W. Miller, Corp. E. M. Lull, Privates A. Nass, F. Cruger, B. Smith, L. St. George, David Weber. Company /—Corps. John Stoek, E. Sprague, C. W. Snider, G. W. Day, Privates M. Bitney, G. C. Johnson, 0. R. Saddleback, M. J. Whiteside, Wm. Waddle, J. Woodhouse, A. M. Barnum, E. Hulthcroft, B. Peasley. Company E— 1st Lt. N. Cole, Sergt. J. Blackstone, Corps. F. Rinses, W. Nagues, J. M. Hunter, Privates M. Aaron, J. W. Hamilton, H. Herbig, E. Hager, B. F. Hickman, M. H. Judd, G. Otto, D. W. Plopper, J. Shaffer, S. Smith, J. Sullivan, W. Wilcox— 123. CHAPTEE XI. ELEVENTH AND TWELFTH INFANTRY. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THE SIEGE OF VICKSBURG Eleventh In- fantry, — FORMATION, — ROSTER, — MOVEMENTS TO ST. LOUIS, SULPHUR SPRINGS, AND PILOT KNOB, IN GENERAL STEELE'S DIVISION, AND GENERAL CURTIS1 ARMY, — Battle of Bayou Caehey-AT HELENA AND OLD- TOWN, — ON COTTON RAIDS, — RETURN TO SULPHUR SPRINGS AND PILOT KNOB, — BEFORE VICKSBURG.— Twelfth -En/amiry,— FORMATION, — ROSTER, — MOVEMENT TO WESTON, MISSOURI, — TO FORT SCOTT, LAWRENCE, FORT RILET, ST. LOUIS, COLUMBUS, AND HUMBOLDT, TENNESSEE,1 SCOUTING AND GUARDING, SOUTHWARD, NORTHWARD, SOUTHWARD AGAIN, IN THE' TRENCHES BEFORE VICKSBURG. The Eleventh and Twelfth Wisconsin Infantry had a lengthy and important history previous to the siege of Vicksburg, in which both were engaged. Their common participation in that siege, and their contiguity in numerical order, lead to uniting their early history in the same chapter. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. The Eleventh Infantry was called by companies into Camp Randall, the latter part of September and first of October, 1861, and organized under the supervision of Colonel Charles L. Harris, of Madison. Its muster into the service- was com pleted October 18th, after which it spent a ^ew weeks there for drill and discipline. The regimental roster, on leaving the State, was as follows : Colonel — Charles L. Harris. Lieut. Colonel — Chas. A. Wood. Surgeon — Henry P. Strong. Major — Arthur. Piatt. 1st AssH Surgeon — Edward Everett. Adjutant — -Daniel Lincoln. 2d AssH Surgeon — C. C. Barnes. Quartermaster — Chas. G. Mayers. Chaplain — Jas. B. Brittan. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 593 Captains. A— D. E. Hough. B— J. H. Hubbard. C^Charles Perry. D — Jesse S. Miller. E— L. H. Whittlesey. F— Edward R. Chase. G— Wilbur F. Pelton. H — Alex.'Christie. I — Allen J. Whittier. K — H. J. Lewis. First Lieutenants. P. W. Jones. E. S. Oakley. James Lang. Wm. Hill. Abner Powell. F. D. Stone. Edwin D. Partridge. Eli H. Mix. De "Witt C. Benham. Ira, W. Hunt. Second Lieutenants "W. L. Freeman. James M. Bull. Oscar F. Mattice. Wm. H. Dawson. Sidney Shepard. Riel E. Jackson. Henry Blake. Isaac J. "Wright. Jerome Cheese bro. R. P. House. George . M. Sabin was the first quartermaster, but resigned November 6th, 1861; Elijah A. Woodward was the first second assistant surgeon, but became the first assistant surgeon of the Twelfth Regiment; Calvin J. Wheeler was the first captain of Company K, but resigned November, 1861. Company A was called "Watson Guards;" B, " Mendota Guard;" C, "Waterloo Rifles;" D, "Richland County Plow- Boys;". E, "Farmers' Guards;" F, "Harvey Zouaves;" G, "Randall Zouaves;" H, "Dixon Guard;" I, "Fox River Zouaves ;" K, " Neenah Rifles." The Eleventh was chiefly composed of farmers, and was a fine-appearing body of men. Colonel Harris was a West Point graduate, and was the lieutenant colonel of the First (three months) Regiment. On the 20th of November, says the adju tant general-^on the 19th, says another writer — the regiment left the State for St. Louis, and went into quarters at Sulphur Springs, twenty-three miles below the city, on the river, where, during most of the winter, it was stationed, in detachments, to guard bridges, and keep open the communications through the distance of fifty miles on the Iron Mountain Railroad. March 13th, it moved to Pilot Knob, Missouri, which it left March 23rd, arriving at Reeves' Station, on Black River, the 27th. There, joining General Steele's force of 8,000, it was assigned to the second brigade, under Colonel Hovey, whose commission was older than^that of Colonel Harris. The Gen eral, after witnessing its dress parade, paid the regiment a fine compliment. April 19th, they moved southward, to effect a junction with General Curtis, about two hundred miles distant. The roads 38 594 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. were very bad, the country rough, swamps many, communica tions imperfect, rations and forage scarce, water very bad, atmosphere malarious, and altogether the march produced much suffering and sickness. They effected a junction with General Curtis on the White River, and took the advance. Numerous blockades of timber were encountered on the way, which required much labor for their removal. June 30th, the Eleventh guarded a large train in pursuit of forage, and when five miles from camp encountered and repulsed the enemy's pickets, and five miles further on, routed a detach ment of rebel cavalry, filled their forage wagons, and returned in safety late at night. July 1st, they again advanced, skirmish ing much with the enemy, and were detained by blockades, but reached Augusta on the 3rd, where they celebrated the 4th, and on the . 6th reached a blockade of timber on the Bayou Cache, where they were fired upon by the rebels across the river. A few shells soon silenced them. The next morn ing troops were sent out to remove the blockade, and in their advance were Companies D, G, H, and I, of the Eleventh, and three companies of the Thirty-third Illinois, with a small howitzer, all under command of Colonel Chapin. After they had gone four miles across the bayou, the troops of the Eleventh were fired upon by'a regiment of Arkansas rebels, and two regiments of Texan Rangers — 2,000 or more — all mounted. Colonel Harris immediately went forward with the four companies of the Eleventh, and the mountain howitzer, Company D being deployed as skirmishers. Having advanced half a mile, at a turn in the road they received a heavy fire. Colonel Harris and Adjutant Lincoln soon brought the whole of their force into action. The engagement became severe ; the skirmishers were ordered to fall back in line with the other companies, but this command was mistaken for an order to retreat. In the resolute and successful endeavor to rally his men, Colonel Harris was wounded in the arm and leg, but kept his horse. They then fell back fighting the superior force, made a stand again when the companies of the Thirty- third Illinois came up, and felled many rebels ; and when the First Indiana Cavalry came also to their relief, the enemy fled, and were pursued several miles. During the contest, the rebels ELEVENTH INFANTRY. . 595 made a determined effort to capture our howitzer, but Captain Partridge, Company G, rallied his men, beat back the enemy, and saved it. . General Washburn, then in General Curtis' army, says this battle occurred near the town of Cotton Plant, and that the Eleventh Wisconsin and Thirty-third Illinois did most of the fighting. The next day the Unionists buried about one hundred and fifty of the enemy's dead, and the Eleventh had four killed, and forty-one wounded, three of them mortally. The list of the wounded will be found at the end of the chapter. July 8th, the forces proceeded, by Bayou de Vue, to Claren don, thirty miles, through the sand, with only filthy, slimy water from the swamps to drink; and on the 11th were .greatly disappointed to find that boats, with supplies, had gone down the river only the day before, and that they were to march sixty-five miles to Helena. If supplies had been obtained at Clarendon, it was General Curtis' plan to advance and take, and hold, Little Rock. The regiment remained two weeks at Helena, and, July 26th, left with the second brigade, for Oldtown Landing, twenty-four miles below. While here, detachments were sent out, at different times, in search of cotton. Much of it had been hidden, but the negro generally gave reliable information respecting its location. On the 30th, Companies K, E, H, and G, under Lieutenant Colonel Wood, went down the river to seize a quantity of cotton on the Mississippi side, eight miles below. The next day Companies C and I, with other troops, reinforced them, and in a skirmish they had several wounded. August 4th, the whole company returned to Oldtown, having with them four hundred bales of cotton. September 20th, they moved up the river to Sugar Point, Arkansas, ten miles below Helena, for a dry and healthy location. Early in October the division was ordered, with General Curtis' com mand, to Sulphur Springs, on the way to Pilot Knob, Mis souri. November 2d, they moved from Pilot Knob thirty miles south, to Patterson, and encamped. There the regiment was assigned to the first brigade, Colonel Harris, first division , General Benton, Army of South-east Missouri. During the 596 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. winter the regiment was chiefly occupied in patrol and railroad duty, being successively stationed on the Black River, at Van Buren, West Plains, and Middlebrook near Pilot Knob, and marching from point to point, guarding forage • trains, and accompanying expeditions in various directions through the country. In December, a heavy rain flooded their camp, swept off some of their tents, put some soldiers in alarm for their lives, and caused pickets to fire guns as signals of distress, and climb trees for safety. March 11th, 1863, they moved to St. Gene vieve, where they embarked for Memphis, and Helena. Thence they went to Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, taking posi tion in the second brigade, Colonel Harris, fourteenth division, thirteenth army corps. From this point they went across the peninsula, opposite Vicksburg, where they embarked for New Carthage, and thence marched to Perkin's Plantation, the Eleventh taking the advance^ April 30th, the regiment crossed the river, landed at Bruinsburg, Mississippi, and marched the same night to Port Gibson, in order to reach and hold several bridges across Bayou Pierre at that place. Then followed the battles of Anderson Hill, Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and the famous assault on Vicksburg, all which were directly related to the siege of that city, in which other Wisconsin troops were engaged, and the services of all in these several engagements will be grouped together in one chapter. TWELFTH INFANTRY. This regiment was called into Camp Randall, at Madison* in October, 1861. George E. Bryant, the gallant captain of com pany E, in the first (three months) regiment, was commissioned colonel, and took command. It was mustered into the United States service, by companies, by Captain Lamont, of the regular army, and its roster was as follows : Colonel — George E. Bryant. Lt. Colonel— De Witt C. Poole. Surgeon — Luther Cary, Major — William E. Strong. 1st As. Surgeon — E. A. Woodward. Adjutant — James K. Proudfit. 2d As. Sur. — A. F. St. S. Lindsfelt. Quartermaster — Andrew Sexton. Chaplain — Lemuel B. Mason. TWELFTH INFANTRY. 597 Captains. A — Norman McLeod. B-- — Giles Stevens. C-r-Charlcs G. Loeber. D — J. Martin Price. E — Abram Vanderpool. F — George C. Norton. G — Daniel Howell. H— Milo E. Palmer. I — H. L. Turner. K— D. R. Sylvester. First Lieutenants. 0. T. Maxson. B. F. Blackman. Francis Wilson. Thomas Farmer. John Gillespie. Levi Odell. Charles M. Webb. N. A. C. Smith. Van S. Bennett. A. N. Chandler. Second Lieutenants. Francis Hoyt. James W. Dusk. Michael J. Oantwell. William J. Norton. Lewis T. Linnell. Henry Turtillott. W. Wallace Botkin. Charles 0. Lovitt. Jerome S. Tinker. Isaac Walker. Company A was called "Lyon Light Guard;" B, "Pioneer Rifles;" C, "Dodgeville Guards;" D, "West Bend Union Guard;" E, "Wisconsin Volunteers;" F, "River Sackers;" G, " Evergreens ;" H, " Green Bay Union Guards;" I, " Wis consin Union Riflemen ;" K, " Kickapoo Rangers." The State equipped the regiment in full, With the exception of arms. The men received their pay to date, just before their departure, and leaving most of the money with their families, moved, January 11th, 1862, for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. It was the largest regiment that had yet left the State, numbering 1,049 men. The average weight of the men was one hundred and fifty-five pounds; their height, five feet eight inches. There was in the regiment considerable religious interest. Prayer meetings were held regularly, and in Company A there were fifty who openly professed to be Christians. Their captain was a Christian minister. The regiment was armed with Belgian rifles. It had Sibley tents, and was well equipped. The band was a superior one,. and the martial music which it discoursed as the regiment passed through Chicago, won plaudits from thousands who had assembled to greet the Wisconsin boys, and bid them God speed on their errand of justice, truth, and law. The regiment was unable to cross the Mississippi, at Quincy, on account of the state of the ice and water, and marched to Douglassville, twenty-two miles, opposite .Hanni bal. There they spent the night of the 13th, with- the ther mometer twenty degrees below zero, and had no resting place, after their wearisome march, but to lie down on the frozen ground, without shelter, on the banks of the ice-gorged Father of Waters. 598 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. From Hannibal to Weston, Missouri, they rode chiefly in open hay cars, twenty-four hours without fire, lights, or warm food ; and soon over one hundred were on the sick list. Feb ruary 15th, they moved to Leavenworth, and, March 1st, toward Fort Scott, one hundred and sixty miles distant. One of the regiment says, "We stood it bravely; indeed, how could we help it? for both the colonel and lieutenant colonel freely gave up their horses to the tired and foot-sore soldiers." March 27th, they started for Lawrence, and, April 20th, left that city for Fort Riley, one hundred and five miles distant, by way of Tecumseth and Topeka. At the Fort they shared with the Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry, and Eighth Wiscon sin Battery, and many other troops, in a general review. May 1st, the Wisconsin allotment commissioners appeared among them, and most of the regiment allotted to their families all their wages, except three or four dollars per month — in the aggregate, more than any other Wisconsin regiment. The great south-western expedition to New Mexico having been abandoned, the whole command was ordered back to Leavenworth, which they reached the 27th of May, and joined in another grand review. On the 29th the Twelfth and Thir teenth Wisconsin Infantry, and the Eighth Wisconsin Battery, with other troops, moved to St. Louis, on the way to Corinth, and the Twelfth, with General Mitchell's brigade, landed at Columbus, Kentucky, on the 2d of June. There they were engaged in repairing the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, events having transpired at Corinth which made their presence there unnecessary. They subsequently moved to Union City, and thence to Humboldt, Tennessee, where, in July, they effected a junction with a portion of the troops that were engaged in the siege of Corinth. While at that post the regiment was party mounted ; Colonel Bryant having, by order of General Grant, seized all the serviceable horses he could find within a circuit of sixty miles. The men were kept busy scouring the country in search of bridge-burners and bushwhackers. The rebel Jackson, with 1,000 cavalry and a battery, were at this time reported in the neighborhood of Humboldt. This village then, would have proved a rich prize to the Confederates, as in it were stored $60,000 worth of cotton, and $11,000 TWELFTH INFANTRY. 599 i worth of sugar and molasses, which had been siezed on the Memphis and Nashville Railroad by Company I, a few days before. The men took possession of a printing office, and commenced the issue of a newspaper — the " Soldier's Budget" — which was published regularly during their stay in that town. While encamped at Huriiboldt, Captain Maxson cap tured the rebel Colonel Burroughs, who had been wounded in a recent fight, and lay at a house in the vicinity of the battle field. The constant scouting and frequent arrest of suspicious characters, thoroughly prosecuted by Colonel Bryant, had a wholesome effect, citizens being less molested by our troops than previously they had been by the marauding bands of guerrillas that roamed through the country. September 14th, A. B. Cary, assistant surgeon of the regiment, died, at his home in Wisconsin, of disease contracted in the field. He was a young man of great promise, and gave up his life minis tering to the wants of his fellow soldiers. On the 4th of October the regiment moved to Pocahontas, to take part in the battle of the Hatchie, then going on. They formed the reserve, and were not in action, and thence marched to Bolivar, Tennessee. There they remained till November 3rd, when they commenced their southward march with the " Army of the Mississippi," under command of Gen eral Grant. On the 4th they reached La Grange, and on the 8th, the Twelfth led the advance of a large force under com mand of General McPherson, on a reconnoitering expedition toward Holly Springs, near which a heavy rebel force was known to be encamped. They marched to within eleven miles of that place, when Companies A and B were deployed as skirmishers, and advanced to the supposed position of the rebels, but they had retreated, and the regiment moved up and bivouacked on the site of the rebel camp. The expedition returned next day to La Grange, having captured one hundred and fifty prisoners. Major Strong was appointed chief of staff to General McKean, and, December 13th, was made acting inspector ' general of the seventeenth army corps. Lieutenant Whitney was appointed division commissary. November 28th, they moved southward to Holly Springs — 600 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to Lumpkin's Mills, and, December 12th, to Yocona Creek, near the Mississippi Central Railroad. Holly Springs having been surrendered, General Grant retraced his steps, and the Twelfth went into camp again at Lumpkin's Mills, on the 27th of December. In January they moved to Moscow, Tennessee, thence to La Fayette, then to Collinsville, and, March 14th, to Memphis. April 18th, Colonel Bryant commanded an expe dition to attack the rear of the rebel General Chalmer's forces, while General Smith should attack in front. In a skirmish seven rebel officers and sixty men fell into our hands. The next day they came upon the enemy, eight miles south of Her nando, in strong position, but, being too small in force, and awaiting the cooperation of General Smith, did not attack — all which movements were intended to hold the enemy* in that vicinity while Colonel Grierson made his famous raid through Mississippi. May 11th, thev embarked at Memphis, disem barked opposite Vicksburg, marched across the peninsula, and, on the ^Sth, embarked again, and landed at Grand Gulf. Colonel Bryant was placed in command of that important post, and, after the valuable army stores had been removed, the regiment proceeded up the river to Warrenton, where they joined the 4th division, under General Lauman, and took position in the trenches before Vicksburg. The wounded of the Eleventh Infantry, in the battle of Bayou Cache, were as follows : Colonel C. L. Harris. Company D — Corps. D. W. Thomas and G. N. Mickel, Privates C. McArthy (in three places), Andrew Snyder, Joseph Brace (mortally), D. Fogs, John Reesbeck, P. Acton, D. Burnet. Company G — Sergt. W. S. McCreedy, Corp. Jerome Calkins, Privates, S. H. Parks, C. B. Jacobs, S. W. Jones, I. S. Welsh, Jacob Shedle. Company R— Captain A. C. Chrystie, Corp. B. P. Benson (mortally), Privates H. H. Laith, J. t. Levine, 0. B. Lyon," J. S. Dick inson, John Haney, E. D. Bidwell, Robert Murray. Company .^Lieutenant N. R, Doan, Sergt. H. H. Hopkins, Corp. L. W. Medley, Privates Peter Everson, G. F. Hamer, Amos Shepherd, A. Nash, H. C. Harrington, S. Marvin, Geo. Gordon, O. Parmalee, C. S. Benjamin, W. W. Coon, Jas. Bedieut — 38. CHAPTER XII. TENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO CXUPXXN HXZjLS.— Tenth Infiuttr^r- ORGANIZA TION, — ROSTER, MOYKMRXT TO LOUISVILLE, TO BOWLING GREEN, — TO NASHVILLE, TO MUKFRKKSRORO. — TO HUNTSVILLE, — TAINT ROCK BRIDGE, — GENERAL O. M. MTTOHRTX, — RETROGRADE TO NASHVILLE AND LOUISVILLE T>«>»#)»-^rt* Infantry,— ORIGIN AND ORGANIZATION, MOVEMENT TO THE DRFKNOK OF CINCINNATI, — ASSIGNED TO DUTY BY GKXRRAL P. It. SHERIDAN AT LOUISVILLE, — PURSUIT OP GENERAL BRAGG. TM**Ht»-fl»tr SriT OF BRAGG. The Tenth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry are three of the five infantry regiments from this State that were engaged in the battles of Chaplin Hills and Murfreesboro. The early history of the other two has already been given. Some acquaintance should be made with the throe, the opening of whose history occupies this chapter, before passing to their services in those martial con tests which will be so long, and in many families painfully, remembered in Wisconsin. TENTH INFANTRY. The Tenth Wisconsin Infantry was enlisted in September, 1S61, and was mustered in at Camp Holtou. Milwaukee, October 14th. Its colonel, Alfred R. Chapin, had been adju tant of the First Infantry (three months), and afterward of the 602 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. brigade to which the First was attached. leaving the State, was as follows : The roster, on Colonel — A. E. Chapin. Lieut. Colonel — Joshua Guppy. Major — John G. McMynn. Adjutant — William A. Collin. Quartermaster — Benton McConnel. Surgeon — Solon Marks. 1st As. Surgeon — Robert Mitchell. 2d As. Surgeon — James T. Reeve. Chaplain — James L. Coffin. Captains. A — H. 0. Johnston. B— Jacob W. Roby. C — A. J. Richardson. D— 0. B. Twogood. E— J. H. Ely. F— Wm. H. Palmer. G— William Moore. H — Duncan McKercher. I — Caleb T. Overton. K— E. D. Hillyer. First Lieutenants. P. J. Harrington. James C. Adams. Prank W. Perry. Thomas L. Kennan. Robert Kohlsdorf. Ed. D. Lowry. L. B. Brewer. Ingersoll George. H. H. Fairchild. Leander B. Hills. Second Lieutenants. Robert Harkness. Sam'l W. Herrick. Samuel L. Hart. George W. Marsh. George M. West. A. C. Brown, Jr. Silas A. Wilcox. Robert H. Spencer. John Smail. Charles H. Ford. James S. Coffin was the first captain of Company D, but resigned October 31st, 1861 ; 0. E. Foote was the first first lieutenant of Company H, but resigned October 5th, 1861. Company A was called "Walworth County Guards;" B, " Lyon Guards ;" C, " Menasha Guards ;" D, " Fremont Eifles; " E, "' Sturdy Oaks;" F, " Grant County Patriots;" G, "Jackson County Rifles;" H, "Juneau County Rifles;" I, " Grant County Sixth;" K, "Waupun Rifles." November 9th, the regiment left the State for field service, arriving at Louisville, Kentucky, November 11th, and was employed in guarding the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, with headquarters at Shepardsville. On the 5th of December, it was assigned to Colonel Sill's brigade, of the third division, which was under command of General Mitchell, and moved to Elizabethtown, continuing to perform railroad and picket duty until February 10th, when, participating in the general movement of our forces, it joined the advance upon Bowling Green, arriving at Big Barren River, opposite that place, on the 15th. The rebels evacuated it on their approach, and our forces entered it on the 16th. On the 22d the Tenth was again in motion, and on the 27th went into camp four miles south TENTH INFANTRY. 603 of Nashville, where they remained till March 18th, when they moved to Murfreesboro. At this place the regiment was employed as provost guard, Colonel Chapin being provost marshal. On the 5th of April the regiment left Murfreesboro, and arrived at Huntsville, Alabama, on the 11th. Detached por tions of the regiment were placed at various points on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad as guards. On the 23rd of April, a detachment of twenty-three men saved the Paint Rock Bridge from destruction — successfully repulsing two hun dred and fifty bushwhackers. For the gallantry displayed on this occasion, the general commanding returned special thanks. The nature of tlie work in which they were engaged after February 10th, was most kindly recognized in an order issued at Huntsville, April 26th, by General 0. M. Mitchell, who is endeared to the American people as an astronomer, as well as patriot and warrior. He was as brilliant in arms as in eloquence. He graduated at West Point, and was a class mate, there, of the rebel Generals Robert E. Lee and Joseph E. Johnston. His military education qualified him for important services in the Federal army, and when he fell, by disease incurred through exposure in his military life, the whole loyal country deeply mourned their loss. After the capture of Huntsville, Alabama, to his soldiers he said : " In three days you have extended your front of operations more than one huudred and twenty miles, and. your morning gun at Tuscumbia may now be heard by your comrades on the battle field, recently made glorious by their victory before Corinth." From the same place to the Secretary of War he wrote: "The campaign is now ended, and I now occupy Huntsville in per fect security, while all of Alabama, north of the Tennessee River, floats no flag but that of the Union." The summer of 1862 was passed in the numerous perplexing and important duties of protecting the railroad. When the general retrograde movement toward the Ohio commenced, they acted as rear guard, and were compelled to fight guerrillas as almost every step. Arriving at Stevenson August 31st, they contributed to the repulse of the enemy, who had attacked our army while evacuating. 604 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The retreat from this point to Nashville, was one of great suffering. Rations were* not issued; they were destitute of blankets, medicine, and transportation for the sick, and arrived at Nashville September 5th, much exhausted. Making no stay at that place, they moved the next day for Louisville, where they arrived on the 28th of the same month. Thus had they, by a retrograde movement, returned to the point where their feet first touched slave soil. On their arrival, a general movement was inaugurated to repel and pursue the invading forces, under General Bragg, and the Tenth imme diately joined it. On the 1st of October, they were again moving, and, on the 8th, were engaged in the battle of Chaplin Hills, near Perryville. TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. The companies comprising the Twenty- first Wisconsin Infantry were enlisted in the latter part of August, 1862, in the counties of Fond du Lac, Winnebago, Outagamie, Waupacca, Calumet, and Manitowoc. Rendezvousing at Camp Bragg, Oshkosh, they were mustered in on the 5th of September, with the following roster : Colonel — Benjamin J. Sweet. Lieut. Colonel — H. C. Hobart. Major — Fred . Schumacher . Adjutant — Michael H. Fitch. Quartermaster — H. C. Hamilton. geon — Samuel J. Carolin. 1st As. Surgeon — J. T. Reeve. 2d As. Surgeon — Sidney S. Fuller. Chaplain — Orson P. Clinton. Captains. A — Alexander White. B — Charles N. Paine. C— A. S. Godfrey. D — John Jewett, Jr. E— Hiram M. Gibbs. F— Edgar Conklin. G — Milan H. Sessions. H — George Bentley. 1 — Simeon B. Nelson. K— Chas. H. Walker. First Lieutenants. Nathan Levitt. Hiram Russell. William Wall. Henry Turner. Ferd. Ostenfeldt. Milton Ewen. John C. Crawford. Fred. L. Clark. Abner B. Smith. Wyman Murphy. Second' Lieutenants . Hiram K. Edwards. James H. Jenkins. David W. Mitchell. Fred. W. Borcherdt. R. J. Weisbrod. Charles H. Morgan. James M. Randall. Timothy T. Strong. Edward Delany. Joseph La Count. The lieutenant colonel, Harrison C. Hooart, being a captain of the Fourth Wisconsin at New Orleans, did not immediately join the regiment. They were nine hundred and sixty strong, TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 605 and had been in camp only ten 'days when they left the State, September 11th, for Cincinnati, which was being threatened by the rebel forces under Kirby Smith. At Covington, Ken tucky they entered the trenches of defence, but were not attacked. There they suffered seriously for want of .tents, camp equipments, and good water. But they were soon hurried off to Louisville, which was also threatened by the enemy, and were there assigned to duty by General P. H. Sheridan. From September 18th to October 1st, their 6on- stant duty was, digging trenches and guarding them; and taking advantage of the cooler hours of the day, they marched into the works every morning at three o'clock. There, for the first, they drew tents, and became thoroughly equipped for the field. When General Buell arrived from Tennessee, in his race with General Bragg, the Twenty-first was assigned to the twenty-eighth brigade, General Rousseau's division. Octo ber 1st, they moved with the Army of the Ohio into the interior of the State, having had a very exhausting march on account of the heat and scarcity of water. October 8th, they took part in the battle of Perryville, to be described in , the next chapter. TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The companies composing the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin Infantry, began to rendezvous at Camp Sigel, Milwaukee, in the early part of August, 1862. They originated, for the most part, in the city and county of Milwaukee, and Herman L. Page, then late mayor of the city, being commissioned lieu tenant colonel, exerted a strong influence for the rapid forma tion of the regiment. The companies were mustered into the United States service at various dates, from the 15th to the 21st of August, Honorable Charles H. Larrabee in command. The next day Lieutenant Colonel Page resigned, for reasons satisfactory to himself and friends, and Edwin L. Buttrick, a member of the legal profession, in Milwaukee, was appointed lieutenant colonel. The next ten days were vigorously em ployed in the necessary preparations for a hasty departure to the front. The regimental roster on leaving the State was at follows : 606 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Colonel — Charles H. Larrabee. Lieut. Colonel — Edwin L. Buttrick. Surgeon — Herman E. Hasse. Major — Elisha C. Hibbard. 1st As. Surgeon — Chas. Mueller. Adjutant — Arthur McArthur, Jr. 2d As. Surgeon — M. C. Hoyt. Quartermaster — G. E. Starkweather. Chaplain — Francis Pusseder. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Richard H. Austin. Thomas E. Balding. George Bleyer. B — William H. Eldred. Howard Green. Charles D. Rogers. C — Carl Von Baumbach. Peter Strack. Charles Hartung. D — Alva Philbrook. Samuel B. Chase. Christian Nix. E— Duncan C. Reed. David Y. Horning. R. P. Elmore. F— John W. Clark. Peter C. Lusk. C. P. Huntington. G — Henry M. Bridge. William Kennedy. E. K. Holton. H — H. W. Gunnison. Gustavus Goldsmith. Cqurtland P. Larkin. I — Frederick A. Root. Robert J. Chivas. John L. Mitchell. K — Orlando Ellsworth. Edwin B. Parsons. L. T. Battles. September 5th, the regiment left the State, and, on the 7th, went into the delightful camp at Jeffersonville, Indiana, oppo site Louisville. . But on the 10th they were ordered to move immediately to Cincinnati, then seriously threatened by Gen eral Kirby Smith. All business in that city was suspended at the time, and the attention of the entire citizen population, as well as the military, was given to its defence. Reaching Cin- cinati the 11th, the regiment crossed the Ohio to Covington, Kentucky, and encamped in the suburbs of the town. There they were assigned, by General Lewis Wallace, to the brigade commanded by Colonel Greusel, of the Thirty-sixth Illinois, in General Gordon Granger's division. On the 18th the brigade proceeded, by transports, to Louisville. By direction of General Sheridan, they encamped three miles from the city, on the Salt River Pike, where they remained, until, in con- juntion with General Buell's army, they took the offensive against the rebel General Bragg. From that time the brigade was known as the thirty-seventh, Colonel Greusel, of the eleventh division, Brigadier General Sheridan, of the third corps, Major General Gilbert, of the Army of the Ohio, Major General Buell commanding. f The march continued with energy from October 1st to the 7th, and on the 8th the regiment was engaged in the battle of Chaplin Hills, near Perryville. CHAPTER XIII. BATTLE OP CHAPLIN HILLS. FIRST, TENTH, FIFTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, AND TWENTY-FOVRTH INFANTRY, AND THE THIRD, FIFTH, AND EIGHTH BATTERIES.— THE REBEL AND UNION ARMIES MOVING NORTHWARD, CINCINNATI AND LOUISVILLE THREATENED, MOVEMENT7 SOUTHWARD,. — THE CORPS AND . COMMANDERS OF THE UNION ARMY, LOCATION OF WISCONSIN INFANTRY REGIMENTS AND BATTERIES, THE BATTLE, THE LOSSES, THE SUCCEED ING MOVEMENTS. A heavy cloud of anxiety and fear hung over the loyal people of the country in the month of September, 1862. Kirby Smith, with an army of rebels, was threatening Cincinnati, and adja cent parts, while General Bragg, with another rebel army, had left the southern line of Tennessee, passed by Buell, and pushed northward, with the hope of forming a junction with Smith's forces, and of then invading the free States. All the territory of Tennessee, and the northern part of the tier of Gulf States, which General 0. M. Mitchell had so gallantly brought under the Union sway, was by this movement lost. General Lewis Wallace was in command at Cincinnati, General Sheridan at Louisville ; while General Buell, with his large army, first moved from the Tennessee River, near Chattanooga, to the defence of Nashville, and then pursued General Bragg, by way of Bowling Green, to the vicinity of Louisville. The First, Tenth, and Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry Regiments, were with General Buell's army at that time. * At Munfordsville, September 14th, the rebels attacked Colo nel Wilder, and 4,000 Union troops, who resisted on that day with great bravery and success. But on the next day, no reinforcements coming either from Louisville, on the one side, 608 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. or Bowling Green, where General Buell lay, on the other, they were obliged to surrender. General Bragg, with the rebel forces, continued to make his way northward, threatening Louisville, and conscripting men and gathering supplies as he went. But the Federal army, under General Buell, keeping pace with him, he was obliged to forego a Union with Kirby Smith, and to leave the coveted prizes, Louisville and Cincinnati, untouched, and deflect southward again. The Union army was soon in his rear, and was marching rather too fast for his safety. On the 7th of October, he halted at Chaplin Creek, a small stream about three-fourths of a mile west of Perryville, and there stationed his troops in lines of defence along the running water, and on a rising series of hills beyond, his whole line extending several miles. > A portion of General Buell's forces having reached that vicinity toward evening, they were, during the night, put in a position to receive an attack. General Buell's corps commanders were, Generals Gilbert, Crittenden, and McCook. On the march from Louisville, General McCook led the left wing, General Gilbert the centre, and General Crittenden the right, accompanied by General Buell. The First and Twenty-first were in the twenty-eighth brigade, Colonel Starkweather; the Tenth was in Harris' brigade; the Fifteenth in Carlins'; the Twenty-fourth in Greusel's. The left wing, under General McCook, was the first to engage the enemy on the morning of October 8th, and the other two corps were not engaged, except as portions of them moved to the left. General Crittenden had delayed half a day to obtain water, and was in the rear. Of the corps attacked, Generals Sheridan's and Mitchell's divisions were at the right. and Generals Jackson's and Rousseau's at the. left.. The First and Twenty-first Wisconsin were in Rousseau's division, and the First constituted the extreme left of that brigade. The Tenth Wisconsin was near the centre of the whole line of battle, and the Fifteenth and Twenty-fourth toward the right. The Fifth Wisconsin Battery, Captain Pinney, was a support in General McCook's corps, and the Eighth, Captain Car penter, was in Colonel Caldwell's (Indiana) brigade. The BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. 609 Third , Wisconsin Battery was in Crittenden?s corps, Tan Cleve's division, and though near the field of conflict, was not permitted to take part. Some of the troops in McCook's corps were on the march as early as two o'clock in the morning, guided in their course by the bright moonlight. And before the moon became obscured by the brighter light of morning, our skirmishers had advanced and received the fire of the enemy's pickets, and driven them back beyond the crest of a hill on which they were posted. This brought out the rebels on the right and left, with a battery in the centre, and heavy firing commenced. The contest deepened. The bullets flew like hailstones. The shrapnel, shell, and solid shot were whizzing, screaming, and crashing through the opposing lines. At ten o'clock the firing ceased, but only to be renewed with additional forces^ and greater determination. The .two armies had long watched each other in the northward march, and now eagerly rushed to the contest. Even the troops fresh from recruiting grounds caught the fierce spirit of the strife, and fought with wonder ful zeal and bravery. ' Our troops in the rear, hearing the roar of the artillery, received it as a signal to hasten forward. As the forces of Generals Rousseau, Jackson, and Mitchell, came up, it was found that the enemy was preparing to make a grand effort to drive back our whole army, and that he had so arranged his troops as to entrap and overwhelm our advance if we moved forward. Prudence dictated that we should allow him to come to our position. At eleven o'clock cannonading was resumed, and the number of batteries engaged gradually increased. Before two o'clock the artillery fire became terrific, the enemy's batteries advancing, but under shelter of hills or woods. At three o'clock the rebels advanced in force, under Bragg himself, and attempted to break- our lines at the left of our centre. Their combined infantry, artillery, and cavalry beat upon our men with tremendous power, and caused some wavering and falling back at several points ; but our line of battle, as a whole, remained unbroken. Forth and back the contending forces swayed, and the victory >yet! hung 'in the balance. 39 610 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. At four o'clock in the afternoon, General Buell having arrived near the battle-field, received a request from General McCook for reinforcements. Aid was sent from General Gil bert's corps, but General Crittenden's were too distant. As the struggle went on, Brigadier General James S. Jackson was killed, two bullets entering his right breast. He died on the field a few moments after. A portion of his troops fell back, and Brigadier General W. R. Terrell, in attempting to rally them, also received a fatal wound. Colonel George Webster, associated in the battle with them both, at half-past five o'clock fell from his horse mortally wounded. In the' earlier part of the day, General Starkweather's brigade was hurrying forward. On their arrival, General Rous seau ordered them immediately into position to check the exulting enemy, and then vainly endeavored to rally the fleeing soldiers of General Terrell's brigade. He broke his sword in the attempt, and returned to aid Starkweather's columns in saving the left wing of our army from utter defeat. The discomfiture of Ter rell's troops had tended to dishearten the men in other parts of the lines, many of whom had never been in battle before. But General Rousseau rode along their front under a terrible fire, with his hat hung on the end of his broken sword, declaring to them, " We are not whipped — we will whip them yet !" A correspondent says of the First Wisconsin, that they ex claimed, " He's the general for us — puts us all in front." The enemy's long and advancing line is described as mag nificent. It was three columns in depth, with a heavy reserve in the rear. They rushed forward with great spirit, their skirmishers deployed beautifully, as if on dress parade; but in general they, were every where, and throughout the day, met with a- terribly destructive fire from unflinching and brave men. Terrell. Terrell wounded here. Starkweather. Gross Roads. * Jackson fell here. Harris. a '.I".'.'. o pq Lytic H Road to Perryville. Hospital.This country is hilly and rolling — deep ravines and prominent hills. BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. 611 General McCook, in his official report of this battle, says : "I remained in rear of my left centre until I saw the enemy's right completely routed and driven back by the gallant brigade of Starkweather, so admirably posted for the work they per formed so well." General Rousseau, in speaking of the First Wisconsin, Lieutenant Colonel Bingham, and the Seventy- ninth Pennsylvania, says : " They drove back the enemy several times, with great loss, and, until their ammunition was exhausted, bravely maintained their position, and then quietly (not under fire) returned, under orders, to the line of battle originally, selected by General McCook and myself." The left wing was- never repulsed. The Twenty-first Wis consin, of that wing, had been mustered into service only thirty- four days previous to the battle, and had received only four days of actual drill. Besides having been engaged as guard of a supply train, it had marched twelve miles, three of them through fields and woods, on the day of the conflict. It was yet unsupplied with regimental colors; and Colonel Sweet, it is said, anticipating the possible emergencies of a battle, had announced to his men, that in case a precipitate retreat became necessary, he would give the command " Break and rally," at which they were to retire and reassemble around himself. This proved a prophetic provision ; for, at one time in this contest, the emergency came. McCook and Rousseau, being very ambitious for a battle, ' brought this one on not only sooner than Buell intended, but too hurriedly for the best disposition of the troops. The Twenty-first Wisconsin, in its unprepared condition, ought never to have been put in the front of such a fierce contest. By some mistake, the responsibility for which is not yet deter- determined, that regiment was even marched some distance in advance of our main line, beyond a railroad cut, into a corn field. In that position, they were under both rebel and Fede ral fire, and soon the enemy came rushing toward them, firing as they ran. Utter destruction or capture awaited the Twenty- first, unless they changed their locality. They therefore hur riedly retired and collected in part in our rear, leaving many of their number dead and wounded. Colonel Fitch, then adjutant, says that the Twenty-first regiment took position in line of battle at four o'clock in the 612 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. afternoon, about one hundred yards in front of the main line of Rousseau's division ; that many of their men were struck down by bullets from the enemy that were fired over General Jackson's troops, then in front of them ; that in a few minutes Jackson was killed, and his shattered battalions driven back, bleeding and in confusion — the brigade of General Terrell coming directly against the Twenty-first and passing through their lines. The first man struck in the regiment was Corporal Smith, Company A, whose leg was broken the instant he stepped into his place, when the regiment was taking position. Among the killed were Major Frederick Schumacher, Cap tains Hiram Gibbs and George Bentley, and Second Lieu tenant David W. Mitchell. Among the wounded were Colo nel Sweet, twice, and Lieutenants Abner B. Smith, and Ferdi nand Ostenfeldt. The total loss of the regiment was 42 killed, 101 wounded, and 36 missing : total, 179. Toward the centre of the line, some Illipois troops were overborne b}* the enemy ; some ground was lost ; a portion of the men were at one time withdrawn, because outflanked and destitute of ammunition, but another position was rapidly taken, and maintained till the battle ceased. Far ther toward the right, where the Tenth Wisconsin was located, a disadvantageous advance was early necessary, on account of the reverse on the left. At first the rebels — Jones' and John ston's brigades — were repulsed, the Tenth Wisconsin being conspicuous in the fight. But later the tide of battle was reversed upon us. A second line of the enemy attacked and flanked ours", which was less in number than theirs. Colonel Lytle was severely wounded, and our line was nearly broken; but it recovered again, and withstood the surging fury of the foe. The Tenth Regiment was under fire from eleven in the morning till night. They were in Colonel Harris' brigade, of General Rousseau's division, and in his report the general uses this language : " Colonel Harris' whole brigade was repeatedly assailed by overwhelming numbers; and, after exhausting their ammunition, and that taken from the dead and wounded on the field, still held their position. * * For this gallant conduct, these brave men are entitled to the gratitude of their country; and I thank them here, as I did on BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. 613 the field of battle." Until three o'clock they were engaged in supporting Simmon's Battery, and being protected to some extent by the crest of a ridge, lost but four wounded. Then they advanced to the crest to meet a heavy force of rebels who drove in our skirmishers confused and breaking through our lines. But the body of the regiment withstood the shock and with a tremendous volley beat back the foe. Again the rebels rallied to take our battery, and beat upon the Fed erals with great determination ; the contest was furious and appalling; still the Tenth Wisconsin held their ground until the Thirty-eighth Indiana came to their support. At length their ammunition gave out ; they searched the cartridge boxes of the dead, and for a half hour withstood the enemy without ammunition. Finally, they withdrew to the next ridge, and replenished their cartridge-boxes, and held that position. Forty-one bullets pierced their flag, and two its staff, and the sixth color-bearer brought the sacred emblem off the field. Of 376 — the adjutant general says 76 — engaged, 36 were killed, 110 wounded, and one missing. The Fifteenth Wisconsin, of General Gilbert's corps, was early sent to the aid of McCook's troops, and formed in line of battle in the woods, at some distance from the severest fight ing. One company was sent forward as skirmishers, and were soon engaged with the enemy in force. The brigade, which was commanded by Colonel Carlin, of the Thirty-eighth Illinois, supported Sheridan's division. The Twenty-first Blinois and the Fifteenth Wisconsin had scarcely emerged from the woods, before the rebels began a retreat to the pro tection of their artillery. The surface of the country being broken, some shelter was afforded the brigade, and the men were able to protect themselves in som* places, and by passing exposed positions with rapidity, suffered but little loss. These two advanced regiments continued to press the enemy, who were constantly retreating, and planting r their batteries as they found it convenient to do so. After the advance had been made for about a mile in this manner, a brief halt was ordered ; but, upon ascertaining that the rebels were yet in retreat, the Union soldiers again rallied and pur sued them. Another halt was ordered within a quarter of a 614 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. mile of the village, and the men lay down behind a small elevation of ground. The rebels kept up their fire upon them with canister and shell, and the Union troops replied by their rear artillery, which threw shell over the heads of their advanced troops Hnto the lines of the enemy. At length, after a running fire of about two hours, the brigade was ordered to retire. In accomplishing this, they captured thirteen wagons loaded with ammunition, one ambulance, and two caissions, and succeeded in bringing with them, about one mile to the rear, over one hundred prisoners. It is remarkable that, although the Fifteenth was so much exposed at times, not a single man was wounded. The Twenty-fourth Wisconsin, in General Gilbert's corps, General Sheridan's division, and Colonel Greusel's brigade, was held in reserve until three o'clook in the afternoon ; mean while, lying on the ground beneath the flying bullets of the enemy. The fortunate formation of the ground was their pro tection. They were finally ordered to the support of a battery, which they did with high credit, and shared, at last, in the defeat and pursuit of the foe. They lost but one man — James Hazel, of Lone Rock, and it was said of them, " In this, their first battle, both officers and men behaved with coolness and deliberation, marching to the front with the steadiness of veterans." The Third Wisconsin Battery was in General Crittenden's corps, and on the march from Louisville to Perryville, the men suffered greatly for want of water — some of them freely offering one dollar for a single draught of water, without obtain ing it. October 3rd, they came up with the rebel rear cavalry pickets, and by a few shots drove them in. Hearing the can nonading on the*8th, they pressed forward, but, with the whole of the corps to which they belonged, were too late to partici pate in the battle. The next day Surgeon Cansdell, of that battery, devoted himself to the wounded of both armies, at a private house converted into a hospital. The Fifth Wisconsin Battery was held in reserve during the forenoon, and at five in the afternoon was ordered to the sup port of General McCook's forces, who were hard pressed. They promptly got into position with five guns — there not BATTLE OF CHAPLIN HILLS. 615 being room for its sixth — and opened a destructive fire "upon the rebel artillery. The enemy were compelled to change position. Three times they attempted to take the battery, and as often were repulsed by the steady, unflinching bravery of these battery men, who poured a stream of constant fire into their ranks. Their loss here was one killed and one wounded. General McCook, in presence of his staff, thanked the captain and battery for their gallantry, saying that they " saved the division from disgraceful defeat." General Mitchell says, " The Fifth Wisconsin Battery was placed in position under the orders of General McCook, and for nearly three hours, almost unsupported, defended itself against the terrible numbers and charges of the enemy, piling the ground in front of his guns with their slain." The Eighth Wisconsin Battery was in Colonel Caldwell's brigade, General Mitchell's division, and the general says: " The officers and men of this brigade did not have the oppor tunity to gratify that desire for a chance at the enemy that their looks, language, and actions showed they possessed." Yet they moved forward at different times to positions evacu ated by Colonel Carlin in his advances upon the enemy. The battle continued until darkness closed the scene, being extremely fierce in the latter part of the afternoon. But as daylight passed away our flag was triumphant; our troops occupying the ground held by the enemy in the morning, with his right wing turned. The destruction of life had been appalling. The woods, corn-fields, and open space were in many places strewn with the slain. Here were hundreds, and there were uncounted numbers of unburied dead. One witness found five men and five horses piled together in one place, all doubtless killed by one shell. In the front of Captain Stone's battery, (which was supported by the Wisconsin First,) four dead rebels were found killed by one shot. The top of the head of the first was taken off, the whole of the head of the second was gone, the breast of the third was torn open, and through the abdomen of the fourth the ball had passed. Such are some of the terrible, but sometimes necessary, fruits of war. The First Wisconsin captured the colors of the First Ten nessee (rebel) Regiment. Its own flag-staff was broken by a solid 616 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. shot, the silken folds were torn by three shells, and pierced by numerous bullets. When the color sergeant fell, wounded, and all the color guard were killed or wounded but three, it is said that Private James S. Durham, of Company F, seized the colors, and bore them to the end of the battle. Colors and guidons were presented to this regiment by Indiana troops, for bravery exhibited in supporting and saving the Fourth Indiana Battery. The First Regiment had four hundred and seven men engaged ; fifty-six of whom were killed, one hun dred and twenty wounded, and four missing — a loss of nearly fifty per cent. Major Mitchell, Captain Green, Lieutenant Wise, and Lieutenant Hambrook, were severely wounded. Sergeant Charles G. Lyon, of Company B, First Regiment, fell, mortally wounded, in this conflict. The injury was in his head, a fever set in, and he died on the 15th, a week after the battle. He was a private in the first (three months) regiment, and on its reorganization was appointed sergeant. He was acting as orderly sergeant when he received the fatal injury, and died at the age of twenty-one years. He was a native of Swanton, Vermont, came to Ripon with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ira C. Lyon, and subsequently became a resident of Mil waukee, where he was a printer, a Sabbath-school teacher, and a professing Christian. His parents lost their only remaining son, Martin Luther Lyon, also in the war. Not deterred, but more anxious on account of his brother's death, Martin enlisted in the Twentieth Wisconsin, went to Vicksburg, thence to St. Louis Hospital, New Orleans, where he died, August 31st, 1863, aged twenty years. They who have lost cbildren, on the loyal side, in this terrible war, especially if all their children, or all their sons, are entitled to much human sympathy, and are needful of a higher consolation. When such bereavements are known, it is one office of this book to note them. At length, after hundreds had fallen and were weltering m their blood, or were already stiffened in death, the still ness of darkness came over the sanguinary field of Chaplin Hills, the yet living soldiers slept on their arms, with their dead comrades around them, and the next morning only the rear guard of the enemy were within reach of our guns. On RETREAT AND PURSUIT. 617 the field and in the hospitals were labor and care for the sur geons; and General McCook makes favorable mention of Surgeons Marks, of the Tenth, and Dixon, of the First Wis consin, and of Assistant Surgeons Diefendorf, of the First, Mitchell, of the Tenth, and Reeve and Fuller, of the Twenty- first. When the battle commenced, General Bragg had probably 20,000 in the field, and at its close had collected 40,000 more. General Buell's army numbered about 100,000, though a less number than that of the enemy were engaged in the battle. The Federal loss was about 466 killed, 1,463 wounded, and 160 missing; that of the rebels was nearly the same. General Bragg probably ventured a battle at Chaplin Hills because he knew that the Federal corps, under General Crit tenden, was in the rear. When, on the evening of the 8th, he learned that those troops had reached the vicinity of the battle field, he had good reason for a retreat, even if the results of the battle itself did not convince him on that point. He fled, and the Federals, not quickly or rapidly, pursued — the Wis consin infantry and batteries with the rest — as fast as the gen eral in command would allow. The rebel infantry retreated toward Harrodsburg, and the cavalry on the Danville pike: They had an immense amount of plunder — nearly 4,000 heavily loaded wagons, most of which Were marked "U. S.," and had been captured during the year, with several thousand head of cattle, 1,000 mules, and 1,000 sheep. Many in the Union army were indignant that they should get off' safely with all these spoils. General Bragg himself reported, " The enemy following slowly, but not pressing us." A portion of the rebel train took a circuitous route, and a part of the Union army a more direct one ; so that, it is believed by many, a con siderable part of the rebels, with their spoils, might have been captured. The lamented Colonel Heg is gone ! But he stated that one night, during the pursuit of the enemy, his pickets were within hearing of the rumbling rebel train, and he greatly desired that an attack upon it should be made. It was prob ably a Confederate wing of 22,000 men, besides their plunder. Colonel Heg lost no time in informing Colonel Carlin of what was passing, and he told General Mitchell, and General Mitchell 018 WISCONSIN IN THE,, WAR. General Gilbert, the corps commander, but he would not consent to any molestation of the enemy. Possibly his reason may have been, that General Buell contemplated attacking the enemy at Camp Dick Robinson, and would not interfere with that plan, of which, however, Buell learned in season to safely evacuate on the night of the 11th. At midnight of the 12th — no sooner — General Buell again ordered an advance. At Crab Orchard the rebels stationed their rear guard on two hills in formidable array, and detained the Whole Federal column several hours in getting ready to attack them, when suddenly the enemy retreated to their main body, then a long distance in the advance. Thus the pursuit ended. FROM CHAPLIN HILLS TO STONE RIVER. The First and Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry, with the rest of their brigade, moved, by way of Lebanon and Bowling Green, to Mitchell ville, the terminus of railroad transportation to Nashville, and there engaged in guard and provost duty until December 7th, when they marched to Camp Andy John son, at Nashville. Colonel Sweet having been disabled at Chaplin Hills, and Major Schumaker having been killed, the command devolved on Captain White, of Company A, until, at Lebanon, Lieutenant Colonel Hobart joined the regiment and assumed command. In passing Bowling Green, Novem ber 4th, Surgeon Carolin, of the Twenty-first, suddenly died of heart disease. The Tenth Regiment moved to Edgefield Junction, ten miles north of Nashville, and there performed guard duty till the beginning of December, when they moved to camp four miles south of Nashville, and remained until the movement toward Murfreesboro, the 26th of December. The Fifteenth Infantry was employed at Crab Orchard as provost guard for a week, and thence proceeded to Edgefield Junction, where, in November, they joined an expedition, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel McKee, down the Cumber land River fifty miles, in search of Morgan's guerrillas. They returned, after five days, with fifty prisoners, and many horses, mules, and wagons, having destroyed guerrilla premises, a dis tillery, whiskey, salt, and grain. General Rosecrans compli- FROM CHAPLIN HILLS TO STONE RIVER. 619 mented them on their success. From Edgefield Junction they moved to Nashville, where they were occupied with skirmishing, and guarding forage trains, until December 26th. The Twenty-fourth Infantry, in common with the whole army, marched to Crab Orchard, fifty miles from Perryville, and thenoe moved by way of Danville, Lebanon, and Cave City, one hundred and thirty miles, to Bowling Green, and from there to Edgefield, making a march of three hundred and thirty miles from Louisville. November 22d, they passed through Nashville, aud went into camp at Mill Creek, six miles beyoud the city, where they remained till December 26th. The Third,- Fifth, and Eighth Wisconsin Batteries, also moved with the army to Nashville, aud there remained until the advance toward Murfreesboro. The wounded Wisconsin troops in this battle, as officially published, are as follows: First Regiment. Company A — Sergts. Edwin Ferguson, Wm. Wilson, Jun. ; Corp. Wm. W. Farrow, Privates Patrick Cardiff, Morrell Baily, Bernard Cook, Henry Sturtevant, Louis A. Latrue, Michael Schwartz, Austin W. Snell, Goriu S. Porter, Poter Groely, George Budd. Company B — Sergts. Charles Lyon, Charles Miller, Privates Batten La Roche, Matthew Hansont, Isaac Knight. Company C — Privates Daniel Whalen, Robert Black, Henry Coleman, Clark MoFee, Wm. Wilson, Conrad Slever, Frederick Wufors, Charles Sutton, John Scofield, George Bradshaw, Wm. R. Lawrence, Aug. Heinsbreter, Sergt. James Cranshaw, Corps. Milos Trowbridge (mortally), Luther Crane. Company D — Orderly Sergt. S. M. Sweetzer, Privates Gabriel Cornish, Rudolph Wechselberg, Frans Wertz,_Paul Mayor, John Mayer, Chas. Waldrou, Henry Filkins, A. D. Clarke. Company E — Lt. R. S. Hambrook, Sergts. S. A. Langworthy, Perrie H. Duhval, Dewitt C. Sponoer, Corp. C. C. McVean, Privates D. B. Moore, Sampson Miller, John O'Brien, E. Stokin, Charles Williams, Charles Seribuer, John McLain, Charles Chappie, James Harkinson (mortally), Louis De Deamer (arm amputated), Charles Foote, Henry Winsor, W. H. Staats, John Schoefield, James Irving, Jas. Briggs. . Company F — Lt. P. V. Wise, Sergt. Simon Lillis, Corp. John Dolin, Privates Shannon Sweasy (mortally), F. A. Peabody, Ebenezer Moore, J. Lapham, L. Wil bur, Newtou Webster, Hugh McCuwry, Elias Hunter, John Lenfest, N. J. Beejer, Edw. Warrendorf, James Fowler. Company G — 1st Lt. E. J. Watkins, Sergt. Louis Brummer, Corp. Edward Oliver, Privates Nathaniel N. Anderson, Hamilton A. Browu, James 0. Brintnall, Albert L. Cook, John Coray, Charles Clement (mor tally), Lucius E. Kuowles, Geo. W. Rped. Company H— Sergts. Ralph M. Dawley, Edward McDonald. Corp. Walter Gleason. Privates Wm. Lake, Charles Durkee, John Phelan, Henry Mutiuk, Seward Nelles, Frank Locke, M. Deuiaster, C. De Smidt, Ignace Flute. V. R, Groome, Albert F. Waugh, Edwin C. Rounsville. Com pany /—Sergt. Herrick, A. Forbes, Corp. Wm. Row, Privates Geo. W. Bowen, Sam'l E. Root (mortally), Salathiel Nichols, Frank Putnam. Company £— Captain T. H. Green, Sergt. G. E. Wood, Corps. W. W. Lowe, G. H. Clarke, Privates C. W. Ackley, F. N." Baker, H. H. Drury, L. B. Everdell, W. M. Foster, U. Groat, B. K. Longstreet, 0. A. Smith, G. H. Smita, J. B. Wood, H. Dreien. Textu Regtue:w\ Company- J— Corps. Amos Hitchcock, Walter Wood, Priv's Win. H. Garrison, Joseph Tyler, Alfred Wenderlin, Thomas H. Morrison. Com pany B — Privates Joseph Thiorett, Edwin B. Speed, Fred. Spencer, John Straw, John Burgess, Hercules Juneau, Anra Chapin, Henry Mabro, Jos. Jacquet, And. Harmon. Company 0— Corp. Jas. 0. Adams, Privates John McKillip, Charles V. 620 WISCONSIN IN WAR. Donaldson, Theo. F. Snover, Simon R. Northain, Hiram A. Eldridge, Charles C. Bisley, Julius Zulhkee, Theo. Rubeck. Company JD — Sergt. Gilbert Dowd, Privates Hiram C. Luther, James L. L. Cummings, John Best, Chas. Coleman, Lyman Bur- lison, Lewis Shelby. Company E — 1st Lt Geo. M. West, Corp. Silas R. Hem- street, Privates Jesse Crowfoot, Alex. Baker, Alden H. Wright, Chas. Lozwiskey, Wm. Sharp, John Harrington, Henry Clark, Willis Lackey, Chas. Stone, Patrick O'Brien, James Ryan, Martin Shoemaker, John Satterly, Thos. S. Smith, Hamilton B. Duteher, Jas. A. Paddock, Peter Anderson, Chas. F. Arnold, Albert Schmidt, Wm.' Bodwell, F. C. Hazleton, John Waterman, Zeria Francis, Albert F. King, Wm. Voly, David E. Lumly. Company F — Sergt. Jas. Kilgore, Privates Benjamin Bass, John Singer, Daniel Boyle, Jos. D. Costello, J. Manes, Timothy Lathain, D. B. Robinson, Wm. Pierce, Byron B. Taft. Company G — Sergt. Jos. C. Hussey, Corps. G. Hunter, Archibald CarnahanT Privates L. L. Dimmick, Jas. T. Brown, Edward Burrows, Hiram Hulet, J. D. Hayden, Jacob Hummal, Chas. Franz, Rudolph S. Himmel, M. W. Blinn, V. Carlisle. Company //—Corps. Hulberg Prince, Geo. W. Angel, Privates Miles Sandford, Dwight Thompson, Geo. Ashley. Company K — Corp. Ira Houghtelling, Privates Chas. Hatch, Delos Hasch, Wm. Lalhrop — 9T. Twenty-hrst Regiment. Colonel Benjamin J. Sweet. Company A — Sergt. L. F. Davis, Corp. H. S. Lee, Privates Sam. Hottaling, John Defor, A. J. Pelton, M. Lesselyng, Joe. Grissey, 0. Demsha, J. Bushaw. Company B — Corp. M. C. Thomp son, Privates Henry Hoffman, Jos. D. Carpenter, Nelson Rice, Francis Moon, Israel Welch. Company C — Wm. C. Hubbard, Jacob B. Choate, H. T. Farrow Christopher Coffey, Louis Antoine, Wm. Stormmer, Benjamin Kinsley, Fred. Luck, John Dick. Company D — 1st Sergt. Chas. L. Fay, Sergt. Hamlin B. Williams, Corp. Richard Webb, Privates John Buholz, Chas. W. Carr, Goverueur Davis, Miles Haskins, Theo. W. Morse, Joel Prince, Robt. Logan, S. W. Rexford. Com pany F—IA. F. Ostenfeldt, Privates Christian Kruse, Peter Glasshoff, Benjamin Jackson, Benjamin Barnard, Joseph Bart, Henry Shelley, Luther O. Schooner, Thos. Winters, Isaac Acker, Almanza Robinson, James Stone. Company F — Pri vates Solomon Bradford, John Cater, Edgar Dick, Franklin Everett, John Gilchrist, Richard Palmer, James Yarnell. Company G — 1st Sergt. D. Manchester, Sergt. J. C. Little, Corp. B. F. Hall, Privates E. Thompson, W. Chady, H. Warsdale, Francis Conrad. Company R— Private J. A. Campbell. Company I— Lt. Abner B. Smith, Private Louis W. Bell, Jerome Pendleton, Jos. M. Stiles, John Town, Barthold Schwander, Daniel J. Ryan, FVed. W. Zeim, Jacob Erb. Company i£— Corps. Chas. W. Butler, Chas. Whitcomb, Privates J. Johnson, Daniel H. Davis, Peter S. Weaver, Thos. Atridge, George Jones, Thomas H. Pierson — 80. CHAPTER XIV. BATTLE OF STONE RIVEK. FIRST, TENTH, FIFTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY, AND THE THIRD, FIFTH, AND EIGHTH BATTERIESr- M0VEMENT FROM NASHVILLE, THE FIRST AND TWENTY-FIRST DEFEAT WHEELER'S CAVALRY, THE FIFTEENTH IN A PRELIMINARY ENGAGE MENT, THE BATTLE, THE DEFEAT, THE VICTORY, REGIMENTAL MOVEMENTS, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. At Bowling Green, after the battle of Chaplin Hills, General Buell was relieved of his command by Major General Rosecrans, and the name of the army was changed from " Army of the Ohio," to "Army of the Cumberland." The forces moved on to Nashville, and preparations were made to move upon the enemy at Murfreesboro. . But General Bragg having been led by spies to believe that the Union army had gone into winter quarters, sent a large part of his cavalry, under Forrest, to annoy General Grant in West Tennessee, a large force also into Kentucky to break up the Federal railroad communications with the North, and a body of infantry to the Confederate army of Mississippi. General Rosecrans deemed this a good opportunity to strike the rebel army yet remaining at Murfreesboro — about 45,000 effective men. The Union army was also 45,000, including a a wagon guard of 1,600. The Army of the Cumberland was at that time the fourteenth army corps, the right wing being in command of Major Gen eral McCook, the centre, of Major General Thomas, and the left wing, of Major General Crittenden. After the battle of Murfreesboro, the right wing was named the twentieth corps, and the left the twenty-first, the centre retaining the name of the fourteenth. The right wing had three divisions, each of which 622 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. had three brigades. Brigadier General J. C. Davis had com mand of the first division of that wing, and he reports that in the first brigade of his division, commanded by Colonel Post, was Pinney's Fifth Wisconsin Battery; that in the second brigade, commanded by Colonel Carlin, was the Fifteenth Wisconsin Infantry ; that in the third brigade, commanded by Colonel Woodruff, was the Eighth Wisconsin Battery. The third division of the same wing was commanded by Brigadier General Sheridan, and in his first brigade", commanded first by Colonel Sill, and then by Colonel Greusel, was the Twenty- fourth Wisconsin Regiment. The centre of the corps, under command of General Thomas, had two divisions. The first division, under command of Major General Rousseau, had four brigades. In the first brigade, commanded by Colonel B. F. Scribner, was the Tenth Wisconsin; and in the third brigade — the twenty-eighth of of the whole corps — commanded by Colonel John C. Stark weather, were the First and Twenty-first Wisconsin. The left wing, commanded by General Crittenden, had three divisions. The third was in command of Brigadier Van Cleve, who being wounded the first day of the battle, was succeeded by Colonel Samuel Beatty. The division had three brigades, and in the second, commanded by Colonel S. Tiffie, was the Third Wisconsin Battery. Wisconsin was represented in the centre and in each of the two wings of the army, but the chief part of her troops in this battle were in the centre and right wing, where there were the most fighting and suffering on the first day. On the evening of Christmas, December 25th, 1862, the decision was made to advance the next day. At dawn of the next morning the troops broke up camp, and poured along the highways with shouts of joy, the great mass little thinking how many of them or who were soon to fall in battle. McCook's three divisions advanced on the Nolensville Pike, meeting the enemy's artillery and cavalry, skirmishing all the way, and closing the day with a sharp fight. The Fifteenth Wisconsin was in this force, and, in connection with the One Hundred and First Ohio, captured a gun. The loss of this corps during the day was seventy-five killed and wounded. On the Sab- BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 623 bath, the chief part of the troops remained in camp and at rest. On Monday morning, the 29th, they resumed the march, con testing their advance, and bivouacked in order of battle at night. On the 30th, still advancing, McCook's divisions lost one hundred and thirty-five killed and wounded. The Fif teenth Wisconsin, Colonel Heg, and the Eighth Wisconsin Battery, Captain Carpenter, performed honorable services in this engagement. It was General Rosecrans' plan of the battle to have McCook advance upon the enemy at our right, sufficiently to hold the whole rebel force in his front for three hours ; to have Thomas engage in some skirmishing in front of our own and the rebel centre to prevent the withdrawal of any rebels from that part of the field ; and to have Crittenden cross the Stone River and overwhelm the enemy's right, where Breckinridge was in command, and then take Murfreesboro and pass to the enemy's flank and rear. The plan was unsuccessful, because McCook failed to main tain his position. The right wingwas not deep enough, not suffi ciently supported, and not enough on the alert for an attack. There were the samcerrors, on the right wing, in the battle of Chancellorsville. At half past six in the morning of the 31st, the enemy attacked McCook instead of waiting for him to attack them. Brigade after brigade gave way. Willich's and Kirk's brigades were driven back and broken in pieces, which compelled Davis' division to yield, in which was the Fifteenth Wisconsin. An hour after the beginning of the fight, McCook sent to Rosecrans for assistance, but the latter, not understanding the need, nor the altered position of McCook's forces, directed him to hold his ground. Soon a second mes senger came for help, but it was too late to prevent a reverse. Rousseau was sent ; Crittenden was recalled from the contem plated attack on the enemy's right; Van Cleve was sent to aid Rousseau, and Harker to aid Van Cleve; and all succeeded in checking the advancing enemy in a piece of cedar woods. But hard fighting, and. many of the sad casualties of war, occurred before all this was accomplished. When Johnson's two brigades, at the extreme right gave way, and lost their commanders, Willich and Kirk, the brunt of the enemy's 624 BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. First position of enemy, Dec. 80th, 1862 : 1— MoGown ; 2— Claiborne j S— Ohbathaii ; 4— Withers ; 5— Breckinridge ; 6 — Jaoksoh's Cavalry ; 7 — Wheeler's Cavalry. First position of Federals : A— Johnsos ; B— Davis ; C— Sheridah ; D— Nbqley ; E— Palmee : F— Wood; G — Van Clbtb. Second position of Federals, afternoon of Deo. 81st, 1862 : H— Davis ; J— Sheridah ; K— Johnsoh ; L— Pioseers; M— Rousseau; N— Neolet; 0— Vah Cleve; P— Cedae Woods; R— Railroad Depot; W S— West Fork of Stosb River ; 0 C— Overall's Creek. BATTLE OF STONO RIVER. 625 attack fell immediately on Carlin's and Woodruff's brigades. The rebels bore down upon them in great numbers, both in front and at the right. But the loyal men stood their ground firmly, until Carlin found that his right flank was about to be turned, when he ordered his troops to retire. , General Davis says it was, according to his observations, the " best contested point of the day." The Fifteenth Wisconsin bore a part in that honorable and arduous struggle. And when Carlin's and Woodruff's brigades retired, the Fifth Wisconsin Battery, Captain Pinney, opened a destructive fire upon the enemy's advancing lines, and brought them to a check. But the infantry failed to give support, and it, too, was forced to retire. General Davis speaks of this battery in this con nection as being " gallant and distinguished." Its commander, Captain Pinney was mortally wounded, and Captain Carpen- of the Eighth Battery, and Lieutenant Colonel McKee, of the Fifteenth Infantry, were enrolled with the dead. General Davis says of them, in connection with other killed, "The war will record no brighter names, and the country will mourn the loss of no more devoted patriots than these." Nearer the centre, Sheridan sustained four successive attacks, each time repulsing the enemy, but losing the brave General Sill, of his right brigade, and Colonel Roberts, of his left. Finally, his ammunition gave out, and he retired through the cedar woods, where Rousseau had checked the surging rebel waves. Negley's division, contiguous to Sheridan's, was also hard pressed, and when ammunition was exhausted, also retired. All these sad reverses utterly dashed the original plan of the battle in pieces. A new Federal line must be formed, one not by convenience, but by necessity, which was done by Rose crans. The close of the day, which was the close of the year, found our right and centre at about a right angle with the line in the morning, but at our left there had been but little fight ing, and our position was maintained. Yet at tveniag the ground in our front was more open, giving a better oppor tunity for the artillery to aid in the next struggle. We had lost many troops in killed and wounded, and in stragglers and prisoners f also twenty-eight pieces of artillery, the horses having been killed, and the men being unable to drag the guns ' 40 - 626 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. t from the field. But we were crowded nearer together, ami he enemy must fight us on the arc of the outer circle. The first of the four attacks on Sheridan, named above, was made fifteen minutes after seven in the morning. He had been ready to receive them since four. As they advanced toward us, one battery opened upon their deep columns directly in front, and two obliquely in front. The effect on the rebels, says General Sheridan, " was terrible." Still they advanced, and when within fifty yards, near the edge of the tim ber, their columns being closed and several regiments deep, Sill's infantry opened upon them, and their destruction was awful. Vet they withstood for a time, maneuvered, then broke and ran, when General Sill's troops charged upon them, and drove them back to their intrenchments. But they rallied, and returned to the attack. All the troops at Sheridan's right finally gave way, and to avoid a rebel fire in the rear, he fell back, having lost Colonel Schaefer, his third and last brigade commander, and many other officers and privates. He refers, " with pride, to the splendid conduct, bravery, and efficiency " of various regiments and their commanders, among them the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin. Colonel Larrabee was at the time in Murfreesboro, unwell, and Lieutenant Colonel Buttrick had resigned, December 24th, on account of ill health and another satisfactory reason. The command devolved upon Major Hibbard and Adjutant McArthur. , General Thomas, in the centre of our line, was obliged also to fall back, in obedience to the misfortune of the right wing of the army, but rallying his troops he met the foe again, and, after great slaughter, drove him back, and secured the position of our centre on high and advantageous ground. Colonel Scribner gives much credit to the Tenth Wisconsin, Colonel Chapin, for their services in this part of the battle. With the Thirty-eighth Indiana, they checked the advance of the enemy for twenty minutes, "And I am convinced," says Colonel Scribner, "that both regiments would have suffered exter mination rather than have yielded their ground without orders." The new year opened, and throughout the day our troops waited for the advance of the enemy, but in vain. On the BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 627 morning of the 2d they opened four heavy batteries on our centre, and made demonstrations of an attack farther to the right. But our artillery silenced their batteries, and checked their movements to attack us. At three o'clock in the after noon a double line of rebel skirmishers advanced from the woods across the fields, toward our left, followed by heavy columns of infantry in line of battle, with three batteries of artillery. Van Cleve's division received the attack, gave way, and crossed the river to our main body on the west side, fol lowed closely by the rebels. General Crittenden disposed his artillery on a hill, and two brigades of General Negley came forward. The enemy were in heavy columns, furnishing an easy mark ; our fire was excellent, and dreadful slaughter was made, two thousand rebels being killed and wounded in forty minutes. At that point General Davis, quick to see a possible advantage, moved rapidly to attack the enemy's left flank, and was followed by the remainder of McCook's division. Mean while a portion of Negley's and Palmer's divisions had pushed and pursued- the fleeing enemy across the fields, capturing guns and colors. Darkness and rain came on, but a portion of our men, in the early evening, advanced and entrenched. On the 3rd, they waited in the morning'for ammunition trains, and in the afternoon cleared their front of sharp-shooters, and on Sunday, the 4th, learned that the enemy had fled from Murfreesboro. In the advance on Murfreesboro, the First and Twenty-first Wisconsin reached Jefferson, near Stone River, December 30th. There, on that day, Wheeler's rebel cavalry of 3,500, with four howitzers, attacked our supply train of sixty-four loaded wagons, sent under the protection of convalescents', and a small guard. The twenty-eighth brigade, General Stark weather, though but 1,200 strong, promptly attacked Wheeler, fought him an hour, and rescued the train. The First and Twenty-first, under command of Colonels Hobart and Bing ham, respectively, behaved with coolness and bravery. The First lost four wounded, and thirteen missing; the Twenty- first, one killed, three wounded, and thirty-seven missing. General Rousseau reported : " In this affair the whole brigade (twenty-eighth) behaved handsomely. The burden of the fight 628 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fell upon the Twenty-first Wisconsin, Lieutenant Colonel Hobart commanding. This regiment, led by its efficient com mander, behaved like veterans." On the 31st the brigade moved to the battle-field, taking in one gun and a few hundred stragglers. January 2d, they advanced in the morning to the support of batteries then in action, and received a heavy fire of shot and shell, until, by another change, they went to the extreme front, still under the fire of the enemy, and held that position through the 2d, 3rd, and 4th, in a cold rain. General Thomas reports that Colonel Stark weather's brigade reinforced him during the night of the 31st, " and bore their share in repelling the attempts of the enemy on the morning of the 1st." The Wisconsin Tenth became engaged with the enemy early on December 31st, as previously stated, the rebels retreat ing. They made a further advance under a severe skirmish fire, until they were attacked by a strong force in front, but maintained their position until they received a flank fire, and were ordered to retire. On the morning of the 1st they advanced again, nearly to their former position, and there remained until the close of the battle, without another general engagement. Colonel Chapin reports, that he went into battle with eleven officers, and two hundred and fifty men; lost three killed, one officer and fifteen enlisted men wounded, and six missing. In the advance on December 26th, the brigade of the 15th Wisconsin gradually drove the rebels to a strong and nearly impregnable gorge in a mountain, which they had fortified by a force of dismounted cavalry and eight pieces of artillery. The order was given to Colonel Carlin to capture that battery. He commissioned Lieutenant Colonel McKee, of the Fifteenth Regiment, to undertake the desperate task. Accordingly, Colonel McKee led the brigade line of skirmishers. They approached to the very mouths of the cannon, which opened upon them with shot and shell. But these intrepid men steadily advanced, followed by the brigade, who soon poured in a tremendous fire, which caused the rebels to yield, leaving one brass six-pounder behind, marked " Shiloh," they having captured it in that battle, the Fourteenth Georgia using it BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 629 now. In this charge Colonel Heg was conspicuous in his attempt to reach this cannon, and took possession of it in the name of the Fifteenth Wisconsin. On the morning of the 30th, the regiment was formed in line of battle, made a cautious advance, and Company E was sent out to skirmish, under Captain Ingmundson, who encountered the enemy about twelve o'clock. At two the regiment was ordered to support the skirmishers, and in the engagement Captain Ingmundson was slain. Colonel Heg fell back slowly, and his men, faking refuge behind a fence, held the position until dark, and rested on their arms during the night, in the severe cold, without fire. On the morning of the 31st, at four o'clock, the regiment was in line of battle. They first supported a battery, and then took a position in rear of the Thirty-eighth Illinois, when they were at length forced to retire, the rebels advancing upon the Fifteenth in solid columns. At this point, Lieuten ant Colonel McKee and some others were killed, and several wounded. Colonel Heg then withdrew his men to avoid an overwhelming force of the enemy. Again he posted his troops behind a fence, within four or five hundred yards of the Mur freesboro pike, and poured some destructive volleys into the rebels. Still they were too many for him to withstand,1 and he crossed the turnpike, rallied his men, and remained there the rest of the day. The losses on the 30th and 31st Deccember were, killed, 15 ; wounded, 70 ; missing, 34 ; total, 119. The report of Brigadier General Carlin testifies to the great bravery, both of 'privates and officers, in these engagements. The Scandinavian blood was thoroughly tested, and found to be inferior to none in point of endurance and courage. On the morning of December 30th, the Twenty-fourth regi ment left their camp in front, following in the rear of Bush's Battery. Two companies were deployed for a flank moveT ment, ordered by General Sill. To these, after an hour's march, another company was added, the whole moving out farther from the main column. The regiment formed in line about two hundred paces in the rear of the Thirty-sixth Illinois, and on the right of Bush's Battery. They remained in this position, on the edge of a wood, until ordered to advance. 630 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Five companies were sent to support the battery, which was hotly engaged with the enemy's artillery, while the balance of the regiment occupied1 an exposed position in the open field, where they had previously advanced, losing several men from the fire of the enemy. Finally, all the regiment were ordered to protect the battery, which the rebels were making efforts to capture. Night having put an end to the engagement, pickets were posted, while some sought to prepare coffee. The night was intensely cold, and the men were nearly frozen. At early dawn they were, however, ready again for action. The firing soon commenced, their column coming close on the rear of the skirmishers. The men were ordered to lire, but it was soon observed that another column of the rebel forces was coming from the woods on the right flank. In this difficulty, the regiment was ordered to break to the rear by companies, but all the officers not hearing the order, some confusion arose. Shortly the regiment was again formed in line in the open field, to the right of the log house which was used for a hospital. It is worthy of remark, that no regiment could have more rapidly moved into line again after retiring, surrounded as they were by confused masses of fugitives, many of them veterans of some of the hardest fought battles of the war. Soon after the regiment was moved up to the woods, where it joined the Eighty- eighth Illinois, and was then under the immediate command of Colonel Greusel. Marching through the Cedar Swamp, where they, were exposed to a terrific fire of artillery and infantry, they soon reached the Murfreesboro Pike. Seeking the shelter of a thicket, skir mishers were deployed, and a watch kept for the enemy's cavalry. Moving farther up to the right, they supported a gun of the First Ohio Battery. January 1st, the regiment returned, following the Eighty- eighth Illinois, and marched down to the Cedar Swamp, a mile beyond Stone River, where they were ordered to erect tem porary breast-works. They occupied this position until the evening of the 2d, and then changed to the left of Bush's battery, near the Thirty-sixth Illinois. From this position they went into camp near Stone River. The loss of the regiment, in killed, wounded, and missing, was 173 men. BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 631 Among these were Lieutenants George Bleyer, of Company A, and Christian Nix, of Company D. Lieutenant Bleyer's death was the more lamentable as the wound from which he died was received from one of our own batteries while the regiment was lying in front of it. After this battle the regiment had but about 200 men left fit for duty. The following extract from the diary of Sanford J. Williams, Twenty-fourth Wisconsin, Company B, gives a vivid descrip tion of some of the stern and terrible realities of the battle : My wound spouts blood fast, and I stop it by buckling my overcoat strap tight above the knee. The shells strike all about me, tear up the earth, burst, and kill wounded as well as others. George Rockwell has his right leg nearly severed close to the groin, poor fellow 1 and little George Merrick has a ball through him, entering a little below the navel, and coming out through the left hip. Lemuel Cochrane and Richard Joyce are killed, and many others killed and wounded, whose names I can't get. I crawl Borne rods through a hail-storm of missiles coming over and through the enemy from our own guns ; the roar of cannon, and the howl and growl of shells is terrible I I am soon picked up, and carried in and laid on the floor of an old log house, which is covered with wounded and dying. The floor is swimming with slimy blood, and the shells are tearing through the roof and body of the old house, driving the splinters in all directions. One shell strikes on the floor, and cuts four wounded men in two. Thursday, January 1st, 1863. — Weather clear and warm. The battle still rages, but too far off towards Stone River for any thing to reach us — some two miles away. The roar of the artillery makes the ground shake, and the moans of the wounded mix with other sounds. It is awful ; and they die fast. The bodies are carried out, and the wounded brought in and put in their places. Hundredfl lie outside and have no shelter. I wonder if they know at home how we are spending New Tear's Day in our own gore ? Friday, January 2d. — Clear and warm. No surgical care yet. Nothing to eat. (They are within the rebel lines.) I suffer badly with my wound to-day. At noon a little flour and water is mixed up and given us, partly cooked ; it tastes very good. George Rockwell died this evening, in great pain. He said, ' ' Tell Mr. and Mrs. Burchard (relatives of his) I have done my duty — I did my best." Then he said last, " I am growing cold, Sanford," and expired in a few moments. Good-bye to you ! as true a soldier as ever died for his country. All paroled this eve. Can still hear the roar of battle in front. Saturday, January 3rd. — Windy and rainy all day. No surgeon yet ; must lay and bear it, though it is terrible. Wounded are dying fast. Can still hear the roar of battle, near all day, but can't learn how it is going. The rebels say they are whipping us. The dead blood on the floor begins to smell bad I Horrid, indeed 1 Sunday, January 4th. — Beautiful and warm ; the birds sing like June at home. No surgeons yet. I suffer a good deal to-day. At daylight the rebs are skedad dling back over the field fast. Glory to the right in battle I They are whipped I 632 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. V 10 o'clock, a. m. — We see those glorious old Stars and Stripes again ; we are once more, thank God, under its folds, and it looks more precious and dear than ever before. Monday, January 5th. — At 9 a. m., all loaded, and the train of wagons started for Nashville, 27 miles distant. Oh, horror of horrors I this beats all miseries yet endured — rattling us over the stone pike I Tuesday, January 6th. — Fine and warm. At 3 p. m., Surgeon Duff, of Ohio, put me on, the table, and I went through the ordeal ; and oh, it was equal to death itself, I believe. But, thank God ! it is over, and off! I am so very weak, but feel easier than when the shattered limb was on. The wounded in this battle complain that, while suffering day after day without help, there were several surgeons present, like themselves, prisoners, who did not raise a hand to dress a wound or soothe a dying soldier' s pain. Such conduct seems too disgraceful and inhuman to credit, but the fact is well attested that they were sometimes entirely indifferent to their duty, especially when the wounded did not happen to belong to their own command. But among our corps of surgeons, such conduct was the exception, and not the rule. On the 31st of December, the Third Wisconsin -Battery was ordered, at daylight, to the extreme left of the Federal line, to guard a ford across Stone River. During the day, they assisted in repelling a charge made by the enemy's cavalry upon a hospital, and some baggage wagons around it. The only loss of the battery, that day, was one man wounded. On New Year's Day the battery, with a brigade of infantry, crossed the river, and fired a few rounds at the rebel skirmishers and cavalry. At nine in the morning, on the 2d, a rebel battery opened upon them with shot and shell. The men lay down on the ground, and the shot passed over them. One only of their number was wounded on that day. At two in the after noon, General Rosecrans rode over to their position and ordered them to move farther forward. They no sooner obtained a position as ordered, than the rebel army advanced rapidly out of the woods, with their artillery following them, which quickly obtained position and opened fire upon this battery — the only one there opposed to them. In obedience to orders, the Third Wisconsin held their fire until the Federal infantry had retired from their front, when they opened upon the advancing line of rebels. It was, however, too much for BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 633 them to cheek that line. The rebels rapidly moved forward, in spite of the gaps that were cut through their lines, and the battery was ordered to fall back across the river, which was accomplished at the lower ford, without much loss. The Federal line here being promptly reinforced by several bat- teries, the rebels were soon routed. That night was spent in darkness and rain, without fires and without food, causing great suffering to the men, while the dead and dying rebels lay all around them. At noon on the 3rd, they were relieved by the Seventh Pennsylvania Battery, when they retired to the rear to feed their famished horses and themselves. They had been without food for nearly two days. They fired three hun dred and fifty-eight rounds of ammunition in the battle. The location and services of the Fifth and Eighth Batteries have been described in the general account of the battle. Colonel Post says of the 5th : Captain Finney's guns were splendidly handled, and great credit is due to Lieutenants Humphreys, Gardner, and Mr. Knight, and to the men of the company, for their promptness and skill. No shots were wasted over the heads of the enemy. Colonel Woodruff gives great credit to the Eighth Wisconsin Battery; and to First Sergeant German, who succeeded to the command after Captain Carpenter was killed. Many families and circles of friends in Wisconsin were cast into great grief by this battle. Many promising young men of this State laid down their lives in their country's service at Stone River. George _F. Rockwell, of Company B, Twenty-fourth Regiment (a resident of Milwaukee), so touch- ingly alluded to in Sanford J. Williams' journal, was a very patriotic and brave young man, who fell at the early age of 22. He was intelligent and moral, and rose rapidly by promotion during the few months of his service, being orderly sergeant when killed. Corporal Frank A. Hale, of Company G, Twenty- fourth Regiment, went out from another family in Milwaukee, at the early age of eighteen and a half years. His youth, in telligence, and manliness had won for him much respect. As the eldest son and child in his father's house, his exemplary conduct and correct moral principles were worthy of admira tion. Who has not noticed that in a long line of kindred 634 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. there often peer out at intervals strong or marked, characters of striking similarity and special coincidence of history. Young Hale was great-great-nephew of Nathan Hale, of revolutionary memory. When Washington called for some discreet and experienced officer to enter disguisedly the British lines and procure intelligence of their strength and position, young Hale, only a little past 21 years, volunteered for the service. He went safely to the British camp, obtained the requisite intelligence, drew maps and made memoranda, but as he was returning to our forces, he was discovered by the enemy and taken before General Howe, who ordered him to be executed the next morning. He asked for a bible and a clergyman, but these were cruelly denied him. The letters he penned that last night to his father and sister were destroyed. When brought out to the gallows for execution, he met his fate without quailing, and died, saying, with his last breath, " I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." When the lifeless body of Frank A. Hale was found on the battle-field, the last letter from his mother was found lying upon his breast. After receiving his mortal wound, he had evidently drawn it from his pocket to read a few lines from his beloved parents once more, and thoughtfully placed it where it might lead some one to identify his corpse and return it to his father's house. His plan was successful, and he and Lemuel Cochrane, another Milwaukee son who fell in this battle, were buried the same hour in Forest Home. Lieutenant Colonel McKee, of the Fifteenth Regiment, was of Irish descent, and spent his early life in the lead mines of Wisconsin. He was well educated in St. Louis, and engaged in law practice with Judge Mills, of Grant County. He was once a member of the Wisconsin Legislature, but left his political party, because of his strong anti-slavery principles. He enlisted as a private, became captain of Company C, in the Second Regiment, behaved with courage and wisdom at the first battle of Bull Run, was commissioned lieutenant colonel of the Fifteenth,. and in the terrible struggle at Stone River, December 31st, 1862, was shot in the forehead, and instantly killed. He proved himself possessed of both physical and moral bravery. His name will not die. BATTLE OF STONE RIVER. 635 The exposure of the troops in this battle to the cold and storms, produced disease, from which some never recovered. Of that number was Sergeant E. R. Barber, of the Twenty- fourth, a resident of Wauwatosa. Had he obtained a furlough, and permission to return home, which his father earnestly sought, undoubtedly his life would have been spared. But, instead, he was kept in Nashville Hospital a long time, and when finally permitted to set out for home, he was too feeble to proceed farther than New Albany, where he died, May 6th, 1863, lamented by many. Thousands had a similar history. The no-furlough system cost many lives. Whether it saved any, by shortening the war, or making it less terrible, is doubtful. The wounded in this battle, as given in General Rosecrans' report, is as fol lows : Frasi Regiment — Company A — Corp. Andrew Bunteen. Company B — Baptiste DeMara. Company D — Corp. Azra D. Bundy. Company E — Capt. D. C. McVean. Company F — L. W. Peterson., Company I— Sergt. Waldo Tibbitts, Harvey Arnold. Company E— Corp. F. H. Farr — 8. Twenty-first Regiment. — Company A — Corp. P. A. Maloney. Company J) — Benj. D. Turney (mortally). Company F — Chas. Goutermont. Company I—1A. A. B. Smith— 4. Tenth Regiment. Company A— Private Thos. H. Morrison. Company B — Capt. J. W. Roby, Rufus Cowles. Company C — Sergt. Martin D. Jenkins, Privates Nel son Corrison, Bela S. Bishop. Company D — Private Geo. Dewey. Company F — Priv. Reuben F. Crosby. Company G — Privs. Jasper Wochter, Geo. Lane, Ed. 0' Flaherty (mortally). Company .H^Sergts. Augustus H. McKimpson, James Maginnia. Com pany A-— Privates Washburn Blatchly, Wm. L. Holdridge, Andrew Show — 16. Fifteenth Regiment — As reported at Madison, and not dying of wounds. — Com pany A — Sergt. Ormond Peterson, Corp. Hans Ingebretson, Privates Gahn An- nunson, Martin Jorgenson, Gabriel E. Somme, Jonas Thompson, Halver Jorgenson, Lorenz Nelson. Company B — Privates Albert A. Nelson, Anfind Syverson, Syvert A. Anderson, Lewis Nelson . Company 0 — Corp. Saml. Johnson, Privates Lorenz Olson, Torbjon Hanson. 0. C. Bergenson, Peter Jergenson, Jacob Jordahl, Knudt Hanson. Company D — Lt. C. E. Tanberg, Sergt. Iver A. Brandt, Privs. Halver Olson, John Warp. Company E — id Lt. J. N. Brown, Sergt. G. Gunderson, Privs. Absjorn Sacariason, Ole Milesteen, Jacob L. Lee, Iver Anderson, OleLindloe, Anan Kjellsvig, William Bergerson. Company F — Capt. Chas. Gustaveson, Lt. Thor Simonson, Sergts. John Obery, Nils J. Gilbert, Corps. Gilbert Paulson, Andrew Thompson, Privates Sren Bjorgenson, Ole S. Olson, Ole Christenson, Thor. Thorkleson, Chas. 0. Morbeck, Eliing Ellingson, Albert Olson. Company R— Capt. George Wilson, Corporal Thos. Thompson, Privates Nils J. Eide, Peter Peterson, Thos. A. Lanvig, Edlin P. Seine, Nils Emerson, Christian L. Bolstad. Company E — Capt. Mons Grinager, Corp. Knud Anunson, Privates Anders Gulbranson, Iver Jacobaon, Ole V. Wingard, T. K. Hundeley— 59. Twenty-fourth Regiment. — Company A — Privates Geo. H. Tucker, Frank D. Fowler. Company B — Sergts. Geo, Cole, Charles Swan, Corps. H. B. Furness, Albert Weber, Privates Chas. Ellmaker, Geo. W. Merrick, David Newcomb, S. J. Williams. Company G— Corp. C. C. Mayer, Privates Frederick Zetter, Heinrieh Geiger, Moritz Berngen. Company I) — Privates Patrick Ryan, Michael Hickey. Company E — Privates John D. Barrett, James Harvey, William Queenan. Company i7_Corp. Geo. Oreighton, Privates John Dunn, Frank Kittridge, William Parkinson. Company G — Sergt. H. W. Carter, Privates Harry Weldon, Martin Smith, James 636 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Foley. Company R— Privates Chas. Bisch, Morris Reilly, Daniel Murphy. Com- vanyl— Corps. B. F. Marshall, C. Gabriolson, Privates C. Ambecker, H. TJlrich, John French, Aug. Hunn, H. Baker. Company Z— Privates H Baldwin, J. H. Bruder, T. G. Chapman, J. Gitter, D. Saulsbury, S.X. Smith, W. Small, A. Wrase, Third Battery— According to Gen. Rosecrans' report.— L. J. Uline, H. Sutley, Daniel Robbins, R. D. Hollinbeck— 4. Fifth Battery— Capt. 0. F. Pinney, Sergt. Elijah Booth, Privates David Wilty, Josiah C. Forbes, Michael Ward, Martin Campbell. Eighth Battery— Privates Joseph H. Worby, Wm. A. Bowers, Peter Murkley, Thos. Gannt. Note. — In the engagement with Wheeler's Cavalry on the Jefferson Pike, Dec. 30th, 1862, which has been noticed on page 627, the Twenty-first Wisconsin, alone, double quicking by the. left flank along the train, drove the enemy away. They then formed a line, sustained a charge of the cavalry, and held the enemy completely at bay about thirty minutes. Then other regimenta marched up and formed line, but too late to do any effective work, as the enemy fled as soon as one artillery shot was fired into them from Stone's Kentucky Battery, which had been hauled up and placed in position by men of the Twenty-first. VICKSBURG: THE BATTLES AND SIEGE. 637 » » 0— Canal ¦ N 0— New Oabthaoe ; H T— Hard Times ; G G— Grand Gulj- ; P G— Port Gibson ; B B R— Bio Black River: R— Raymond; J-^Faokson; nB R. B^-Blaok Riyeb Bridor; W H— Walnot Hills; H B-Haines' Blotf ; Y R— Yazoo River ; Y O-Yazoo City; B S R-Biq Sua Floweb River ; 0 L— Oyfbess Lake. CHAPTER XV. VICKSBURG: THE BATTLES, THE ASSAULTS, THE SIEGE. EIGHTH, ELEVENTH, TWELFTH, FOURTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, EIGHTEENTH, TWENTIETH, TWENTY-THIRD, TWENTY-FIFTH, TWENTY-SEVENTH, TWENTY-NINTH, AND THIRTY-THIRD IN FANTRY,- FIRST, SIXTH, AND TWELFTH BATTERIES, AND SE COND CAVALRY. OPPORTUNITY LOST, ATTACK ON HAINES' BLUFF, ARKANSAS POST, WILLIAMS' CANAL, MILLIKEN's BEND AND LAKE PROVIDENCE, YAZOO PASS, STEELE'S BAYOU, PASSING THE BAT TERIES, BATTLES OF ANDERSON'S HILL AND PORT HUDSON, FEINT ON HAINES' BLUFF, BATTLES OF RAYMOND AND JACKSON, OF CHAMPION HILLS, OF BLACK RIVER BBIDGE,-^INVESTMENT AND ASSAULTS, SIEGE OF VICKSBURG, — SURRENDER,— SECOND BATTLE, OF JACKSON, — FALL OF PORT HUDSON, BATTLE AT HELENA. Soon after General Curtis reached Helena, in the summer of 1862, he sent a reconnoitering party down the Mississippi to in quire into the situation at Vicksburg. They proceeded to within sight of the city, and then went up the Yazoo river to the first highlands, Snyder's and Haines' Bluffs. There they found the enemy in small force, fortifying and mounting guns. The Federals captured and destroyed the guns and several tons of ammunition. They proceeded beyond until they found the river obstructed by a raft, and then returned to Helena. The rebels at that time had scarcely begun to fortify Vicksburg, and General Curtis then repeatedly informed General "Wash burn that he had applied to General Halleck for permission to capture the place, but had been refused. It is evident that General Curtis could have taken Vicksburg in August or Sep tember, 1862, and held it ; which would have greatly shortened the war, and saved untold millions of money and thousands of lives. His reconnoitering party captured Haines' Bluff, and • CAPTURE OF ARKANSAS POST. 639 could have held it, and thus Vicksburg would have been effectually flanked. The rebels expected that we would take it. When they found that we did not, they fortified Haines' Bluff, Vicksburg, and Port Hudson, and rendered them almost impregnable. So far as now appears, the blame of our neglect must rest upon General Halleck, then in command at the West. When the Confederates had fortified Vicksburg, it was found that it must be taken; and General Halleck himself, awaking to its importance, in December, 1862, ordered General Grant to send an expedition against it. Sherman's attack on haines' bluff. General Sherman was selected to command the expedition. He rapidly and carefully prepared, sailed down the Mississippi and up the Yazoo, landed, and attacked Haines' Bluff. The ground on which he fought was very unfavorable, being chiefly made up of bayous and bluffs, and on account of the surrender of Holly Springs, the rebels had largely reinforced Vicksburg and the Bluff. He was compelled to acknowledge himself defeated, and returned, having lost one hundred and ninety-one killed, nine hundred and eighty-two wounded, and fifty-six missing. * CAPTURE OF ARKANSAS POST. After the defeat at Haines' Bluff, Generals Sherman and McClernand determined to proceed against Arkansas Post, the former having originated the project. They sailed up the White River, and crossed through a canal to the Arkansas, and thence proceeded to Fort Hindman, at the old Post of Arkansas, which was once the capital of the State. The attack was made by land and water, January 11th, 1868, and lasted from noon until four o'clock, when the fort was sur rendered and destroyed. Our loss was six hundred ; the rebel loss one hundred and fifty. The Twenty-third Wisconsin In fantry and First Battery were engaged in this battle. When moving forward to their position, the Twenty-third was assailed by an unexpected enfilading fire from the enemy's rifle-pits, which rendered it necessary to change front. That was effected without disorder, and Companies B, G, and K advanced as skir- 640 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. mishers, captured several block-houses occupied by the rebels, and drove them into their works, while the remaining companies attacked the rifle-pits, drove the enemy to the fort, and kept silent a number of pieces of artillery. The action of the regi ment in this battle was made the subject of congratulatory orders from their division and brigade commanders. The regiment lost six killed and thirty-one wounded. The right section (two guns) of the First Wisconsin Battery, under Lieutenant Webster, took position 1,000 yards below the fort ; the remainder of the battery, under Captain Foster, being on the other side of the river. The cannonading of the right section lasted two hours, and was very effective. General P. J. Osterhaus, who was present, gives them the very highest praise, and says : " The reduction of the lower casemate, and the silencing of three or four formidable guns, are their exclusive merit." Lieutenant Webster gives special credit to the gun ners, Gabriel Armstrong and Ira Butterfield. The list of the wounded is. as follows : Twenty-third Regiment. — Company A — Privs. B. P. Benson, Peter Marxen, Edward Snyder. Company B — Corps. A. J. Palmer, W. Jar vis, Privs. Peter King, Isaac Murray, Jesse Mills, Asa McConnell, Wm. Johnson, Benj. Kanouse, Alvin DeWitt, John Thompson. Company C — Private Louis Hetrick. Company J) — Sergt. B. A. Taft. Company E — Sergt. Wm. Bird, Corp. Roche, Privs. Ed. Blackman, Wm. Lain. Company G — Sergt. E. E. Easton, Corp. Cooper, Priv. P. Olson. Company R—Lt. D. C. Holdridge, Corp. T. Yule. Company E — Sergt. Hilliard, Privs. C. A. J. Damon, Andrew Biker, Fred. Beaver, N. B. Aldrich, Charles Bender, Alex. Murray — 31. WILLIAMS' CANAL, MILLIKEN'S BEND, AND LAKE PROVIDENCE. General Grant wished in some way to get into the rear of Vicksburg, in order to capture it. The government had an increased confidence in him, and sent him many troops. If he could transport his army below Vicksburg, he could effect a landing on the east side of the river, establish a base of opera tions, and put the city and fortress under siege. He first tried Williams' Canal, a cut-off, six miles below Vicksburg, and one mile across, from point to point on the river. K that could be made large enough for transports, he could re move his army below Vicksburg without exposure to the enemy's guns. It was tried. General Grant arrived February 2d, and superintended the work. Much hard labor was ex pended upon it, and many soldiers lost their health there, WILLIAMS' CANAL AND MILLIKEN'S BEND. 641 The ground was low, and it was necessary to make an embank ment for the canal, with the earth excavated from it. The river was rising, and March 8th, the water suddenly broke through, sweeping away the embankment, and flooding the camps, to the great discomfort and danger of the soldiers. It was then impossible to perfect the canal for its purpose, and the project was abandoned, to the chagrin of the Federals and the exultation of the rebels. The next scheme to be tried was that of passing through a series of bayous (on the west side of the river and beyond the canal), extending from Milliken's Bend, some distance above Vicksburg, to New Carthage, considerably below it. Dredg- boats were put in operation to clear a passage, a small steamer and a few barges had proceeded a part of the way through, when, about the middle of April, the water began to fall, and this plan also failed. While the men were at work on Williams' Canal, another route received some attention from General Grant. Lake Providence is situated seventy-five miles north from Vicks burg, at the extreme northern part of Louisiana, and only one mile west of the Mississippi. It is six miles long, and at its western extremity is connected with Bayou Baxter, which extends to Bayou Macon, a channel that connects with the Tensas River, which leads into the Washita River, and that into the Mississippi. By cutting a canal one mile in length from the Mississippi to Lake Providence, a long and tortuous passage was possible to the Mississippi, near Port Hudson, but it was impracticable for the reduction of Vicksburg. Nevertheless, troops were put to the work of digging that canal also,- but the project was soon abandoned. Thus, three attempts were made, on the west side of the river, to secure a passage below Vicksburg, without subjecting the army to the fire of the many powerful guns of that fortress. It remained to make two attempts on the east side. TAZOO PASS AND STEELE'S BAYOU. The Yazoo Pass is a channel running east from the Missis sippi, eight miles below Helena, into Moon Lake, and thence, 41 642 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. by a crooked course, into the Coldwater River, which empties into the Tallahatchie, and that into the Yazoo River, whose waters pour into the Mississippi just above Vicksburg. General Grant hoped to make that a practicable passage for light gun boats, which, cooperating with the land forces, should first destroy some rebel boats on those rivers, and then make an effectual assault on Haines' Bluff, and thus flank Vicksburg. But the route was tortuous and long, and the rebels blockaded the rivers. Generals Quimby, McPherson, and Ross had com mand of the Federal forces, and proceeded to the vicinity of Fort Pemberton, where the Tallahatchie and Yalabusha rivers unite to form the Yazoo. The protection of the fort by the rivers on two sides, and the overflow of water on the third side of the triangle in which the fortress was situated, rendered a land attack nearly impossible. After an ineffectual attempt made by the gunboats to silence the guns of the fort, and a partial land attack, our army withdrew. Still another route remained to be attempted, and Commo dore Porter was conspicuous in the effort. Passing up the Yazoo, seven miles from its mouth, he steamed his gunboats on the west side into Cypress Bayou, and thence into Steele's Bayou, and, thirty miles beyond, passed into the Little Black Fork — a short canal — and from that into Deer Creek. Pro ceeding north eighteen miles in that stream, he turned east ward into Rolling Fork, and from that into the Sunflower River, which, after a southward course of forty-one miles, empties into the Yazoo a few miles above Haines' Bluff, and sixty miles from its mouth. General Grant accompanied the fleet a part of the distance, passing through many obstacles of trees and thickets, incident to a wild country, and then turned back to send a pioneer force for assistance. But the rebels learned of our enterprise, and began to make large preparations to meet us at the mouth of the Sunflower. The expedition proceeded to within a few hundred yards of the Yazoo, and there, learning of the imposing obstructions to be met in the advance, abandoned the route. General Grant then determined to occupy New Carthage, below Vicksburg, on the west side of the Mississippi. He sent troops across from Milliken's Bend, who found that New PASSING THE VICKSBURG BATTERIES. 643 Carthage had been made an island by the breaking away of the levee of Bayou Vidal. They passed around twelve miles farther, where a crossing was practicable, making the route from Milliken's Bend thirty-five miles. The army could march over this difficult road, but transports . and gunboats were needed to cross the Mississippi, and thus enable troops to reach the rear of Vicksburg. PASSING THE VICKSBURG BATTERIES. On the 16th of April, Commodore Porter prepared eight gun boats — all iron-clads but one — and three transports laden with army supplies, to run by the Vicksburg batteries. Hay and cotton were abundantly used for protection, and between ten and eleven o'clock at night they came in sight of the city, the gunboats to pass in single file, and the transports on the opposite side from the fortress. Suddenly the batteries were all ablaze with firing, and the fleet responded upon the city with twenty-five guns, loaded with grape and shrapnel. The Henry Clay, a transport, was lost ; the Forest Queen was disabled but saved; otherwise all was well. The batteries were passed in an hour and a quarter. The attempt was so successful that, on the night of April 22d, six more transports, and twelve barges, laden with forage, were run past the batteries. One transport was sunk, others damaged only, and half the forage was landed safely. The army was now moved farther down the river to Hard Times, opposite Grand Gulf. The attempt was made to silence the guns of the Grand Gulf Fortress by the gunboats, with the design of then storming it by a land force. It was found too difficult, and the army was marched still farther down, to a point opposite Bruinsburg, where the fleet joined them, after passing the Grand Gulf batteries. BATTLES OF ANDERSON'S HILL AND PORT GIBSON. On the 30th of April, the thirteenth corps, under McCler-; nand, (in which were the Eleventh, Twenty-third, and Twenty-ninth Wisconsin Regiments, and the Sixth and Twelfth Batteries,) crossed the Mississippi, followed by 644 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the seventeenth, under McPherson, (in which were the Fourteenth, Seventeenth, and Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry). All landed safely at Bruinsburg, the enemy making no resist ance. McClernand immediately moved toward Port Gibson, in the interior. Advancing eight miles, he met the rebels about one o'clock at night, when an artillery duel occurred for two hours, ceasing only as the moon disappeared, and then the rebels took the opportunity to retire. This was the battle ot Anderson's Hill, and in it the Eleventh Wisconsin and the First Battery took part. The next morning, May 1st, we met the enemy, under Gen eral Bowen, strongly posted at the angle made by two roads leading to Port Gibson, and four miles from that town. Much depended on the issues of the battle, and it was fought with great determination. On the right we were successful all day; but on the left Osterhaus was baffled until Logan came up, when the rebels were driven with the bayonet, and then sub jected to the fire of our artillery. Their loss at our left alone was one hundred and fifty killed, three hundred wounded, and six hundred prisoners. The next day the enemy were pursued toward Vicksburg, across the Big Black River. The Eleventh Wisconsin took an important part in this en gagement, remaining in front until the victory was gained. The brigade commander, Colonel Stone, complimented the regiment and Lieutenant Colonel Wood, who had command that day ; also Colonel Harris, who was on the ground, but too unwell to take active part, and Captain Whittlesey, who was his assistant adjutant. general, and Lieutenant R. E. Jackson. The Twenty-third Wisconsin marched most of the previous night; reached the field at eight o'clock in the morning; under orders, joined the reserve; in the afternoon supported a battery for an hour ; then advanced, skirmishing through the cane brakes, and capturing twenty prisoners. The Twenty-ninth Wisconsin contributed largely to the Buccess of the day. They were sent, at one time, to check a flank movement of the enemy, and were obliged to fight severely, or suffer defeat. " They were assailed," says- Colonel Gill, " by a heavy fire from the enemy on the top of a ridger across the ravine, and also from woods on the right. They BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON. 645 were forced to halt in this position. * * * Here they kept up an incessant fire for over an hour, subject to a heavy fire from the enemy on the opposite ridge, who seemed intent on driving them from their position, and securing the battery, which fired over their heads, in the rear." General McGinnis, their brigade commander, made special mention of them for their gallantry in this their first battle, and declared that they fought like veterans. They lost eleven killed on the field, ten who died of wounds, and fifty wounded, but not mortally. The First Wisconsin Battery took position on Thompson's Hill, and held it during the day. In the afternoon they dis mounted four rebel guns that were annoying General Oster haus, and cut to pieces the celebrated Virginia Battery. A correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial said, that by one shell they killed six horses and two men of the enemy, and dismounted one of their pieces; that not one horse out of twelve survived to haul the ammunition wagons away ; and that theirs was the most effective artillery fire he had ever witnessed. The Sixth Battery, on the night of April 30th, took position at a cross road to prevent a flank movement of the enemy, and proceeded the next day to the battle-field, but took no part, until in the pursuit, when they engaged in a skirmish. The Twelfth Wisconsin Battery was also attached to these forces, but not engaged in this battle. Tho following lists embrace the names of those wounded only, who did not die of their wounds. Eleventh Regiment. Company A — Privates Benjamin Fowler, Obadiah Rice. Company C — Private H. C. Leland. Company D — Privates Cyrus Butler, Phillip Acton. Company E — Privates Thomas Smith, Samuel C. Kirkpatrick. Company F — Privates Michael Farley, Thos. W. Hunt, Andrew Ripple. Company R— Privates Stephen R. Rice, Thomas Edwards, Horace Sheldon. Gompany I— Privates M. H. Day, Samuel H. Parker. . Twenty-ninth Regiment. Company A — Privates Franz Hebel, John C. Ken- lin. Company B — Privates Norman Humphrey, John Lloyd, John L. Urtubees, Almon Chapin, John Moore, P. Frank. Company G— Capt. H. E. Connit, 2d Lt. L. F. Willard, Private J. Beir. Company D — Privates F. S. Skeele, F. Ludtke, Albert Cebelle. Company .E— 2d Lt. Geo. W. Hale, Sergts. C. A. Dibble, P. Hodge, Corp. J. M. Davis, Privates Henry Zock, C. H. Eggleston, Anton Arutz, S. Carlisle, S. S. Darwood, J. B. Ireland, Peter Mullen, A. Marquhart, N. Powers, P. Ready, George W. Wicks, David Williams, J. G. Dunning, E. M. Emory, J. Connor. Company .F— Corp. Jackson Jonfes, Private Joseph Blatz. Company G— Privates Barnhard M. Meunch, Jacob Steinmitz, P. O'Brien, V. Sturm, Robert 646 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Rowley, Fred. Hammersby. Company R— 1st' Sergt. A. D. Gibbs, Sergt. G. W. McMullen, Corp. A. A. Wicks, Private Charles Bundy. Company /—Private Jas. S wanton. Company E — 1st Sergt. H. K. Bushnell, Privates N. F. Gillman, D. 0. Bennett, M. J. Carleston — 50. SHERMAN'S FEINT- ON HAINES' BLUFF. General Grant, intending to land at Bruinsburg, directed General Sherman to feign an attack on Haines' Bluff, north of Vicksburg, the design being to divert the enemy's attention, and prevent rebel reinforcements in his front. The order was given on the 28th of April, and every preparation was made to carry it out. Going up the Yazoo, and reaching the Chicka saw, the naval force opened on the bluffs, Sherman, on the same day toward evening, disembarking one division, as if he intended to assault. The enemy were completely deceived, fully anticipating that their works would be stormed. Troops and artillery were seen moving back and forth, and active prepara tions going on to meet us. The feint secured all that was desired, and proved an entire success. Similar demonstrations were made the next day on both sides of the Yazoo River, deceiv ing the rebel forces as to the real designs of our army. The Eighth Wiseonsin belonged to the fifteenth (Sherman's) corps, and took part in this expedition. Immediately after, Sherman followed Grant by the way of Milliken's Bend, and joined him on the east side of the Mississippi, below Vicksburg. BATTLES OF RAYMOND AND JACKSON. General Grant now wished to destroy the rebel positions in the rear of Vicksburg, and then turn upon that city. He skillfully kept his plans from the enemy, and thus prevented their concentration of forces against him. McPherson marched rapidly to attack the rebels at Raymond, on the 12th of May. The battle was severe, and was chiefly fought by Logan's first and second brigades. After two and a half hours, the victory was on the Union side, but was gained at the cost of sixty-nine killed, three hundred and forty-one wounded, and thirty-two missing. The Sixth Wisconsin Battery was in the reserve during this battle. Immediately after the victory at Raymond, McPherson BATTLES OF RAYMOND AND JACKSON. 647 marched toward Jackson, there to meet Sherman and attack that place, according to a previous plan. They met three miles from the city, on the morning of the 14th, with supporting troops well posted in their vicinity, for reinforcements if necessary. The battle commenced in a rain storm, but the weather soon cleared. Johnston was in command of the rebels. As our troops approached, he came out with" a large force and attacked McPherson, who occupied our left, meeting Sherman on our right with only a small force of infantry and artillery. Two divisions of McPherson's corps successfully engaged the main force of the enemy. Their batteries on our right were silenced in a short time by Sherman's guns, and a charge of Mower's brigade drove the men to their rifle pits. The enemy being aware that Sherman had discovered their weakness, soon sought safety in flight, going northward, toward Canton. They were badly beaten, and our men pursued- them until night. The Eighth and Eighteenth Wisconsin Infantry, and the Sixth and Twelfth Wisconsin Batteries, were engaged in this battle. The Eighth and Eighteenth joined in a charge on the enemy's works, the former passing through a ravine half filled with water. The Eighth was one of the first to enter the city, and Lieutenant Colonel Jefferson was appointed provost marshal. The Eighteenth lost twenty-two in killed and wounded, six of whom died. When General McPherson ordered the bayonet charge which routed the enemy, Captain Dillon, of the Sixth Battery, was ordered to take a new position farther to the front. Seeing no chance to open again without firing over our men, he put the battery on the double quick, and advanced with the line, and by the time the rebels were again in retreat, the battery was in position and sending after them rapid discharges of canister shot. The general remarked, that it was the first artillery charge he ever saw. They had two men wounded. Among the artillery captured was one breech-loading piece, of Southern manufacture, know among the rebels as "Jeff Thompson's General Picker." It was presented to this battery by General McPherson, and they afterward retained it in service. The Twelfth Battery was under fire, but not ordered to reply. 648 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Sherman was left at Jackson to destroy the arsenals, public works, bridges, and an extensive cotton factory, that had a long time made clothing for the Confederate army. But he soon followed Grant and McPherson toward Vicksburg, expecting that Pemberton would come out of that city and meet them in battle. The names of the wounded were : Eighteenth Regiment. Company B — Sergt. H. Farmer, Corp. J. R. Knapp, Privates Geo. S. Foucks, M. I. Bussey, Geo. W. Davis, Frederick Ties, William H. Dusen, Geo. W. Webb, Isaac W. Young. Company G — Privates Peter Tenison, Michael Farley. Company jS^Privates Isaac Matoxen, Wm. Hill, Daniel Leitch, Fred. Kidder. Company K- — Private Wm. Krisman — 16. BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS. Pemberton came, hoping to effect a junction with John ston, but he was too late. He took a strong position at Champion Hills, along a narrow ridge, the left resting near a sharp turn in the road. The top of the hill was covered with a thick growth of timber- From this protected place the fire of the enemy commanded the road, and swept the open field, over which the Union forces were compelled to pass. While other portions of our army were advancing by other roads to the south, it seemed evident that the fighting would be chiefly done along the field and road overlooked by the ridge, and would be sustained, in a great measure by Hovey's division of McClernand' s corps. McClernand was advancing with four divisions, but was several miles to the left of Hovey. Couriers were sent to hurry him up. The battle commenced between nine and ten o'clock in the morning. The enemy being aware that the other portion of our army was hastening forward to take part in the battle, decided to make an attack before their arrival. Massing their troops, they made a furious assault on the centre of Hovey's line. He maintained his position with great firmness, until overpowered with a large force, when he was compelled to fall back, which he did slowly and in perfect order, looking for reinforcements every moment. He was soon aided by two brigades of Crocker's division. But Logan's division of McPherson's corps had attacked Stevenson, on the enemy's left, driving him back, and threatening to pass to the rear and capture Pemberton's entire force. The enemy had BATTLE OF CHAMPION HILLS. 649 obtained some advantage by their attack on our centre and left, but Logan's successes on our right more than counter balanced it. Loring was ordered by Pemberton to attack with Bowen, but refusing, he went to the aid of Stevenson. They fought with great determination, but were forced to give way under the terrible fire of our artillery. Stevenson's force broke in confusion — nearly all their artillery horses being killed. The rebel general tried to encourage them, assuring them that he had sent for Loring. But it had no effect. It would have been too late even had Loring appeared. The battle was decided, and the enemy were flying, panic-stricken, from the field. Loring, by a circuitous route beyond Jackson, joined Johnston at Canton. Pemberton's army was evidently de moralized. General Tilghman, who figured at Fort Henry, was killed in the retreat. General McClernand did not arrive on the ground in time for the battle. The enemy were pur sued to the Big Black. The Wisconsin troops that were connected with the forces engaged in this battle were : the Eleventh, Fourteenth, Seven teenth, Eighteenth, Twenty-third, and Twenty-ninth Infantry, and the First, Sixth, and Twelfth Batteries. The Eleventh was held in reserve until four in the afternoon, and then was ordered to join in pursuit of the foe. The Fourteenth took no active part, but contributed, to aid in the contest by protecting an exposed flank. The Seventeenth reached Raymond on the morning of the 16th, and there heard the distant cannonading at the battle of Champion Hills. They at once pushed forward, and arrived in the vicinity of the battle-field soon after noon, when they were detached from their brigade and ordered to support a battery. When the rebels fled they engaged in the pursuit. The march was kept up until near midnight, when they bivouacked, and slept on their arms. The Eighteenth Regiment advanced from Jackson, and took part in the battle, sustaining a loss of one killed and five wounded, They joined in the pursuit to Black River, and aided in rebuilding the bridge. Early in the morning the Twenty^third took the advance of the division, Companies A, D, and H being thrown forward as the advance guard. They soon met the rebel pickets, and 650 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. deployed as skirmishers. Advancing rapidly, the rebels were quickly driven back to their main line, when the advance was recalled, and the regiment Ordered to support the Seventeenth Ohio battery. After a few shots, the enemy retired from their front, and Companies B and E were deployed as skirmishers, covering the further advance of our troops. The rebels were pressed steadily back a mile and a half. They then changed position, and a corresponding change/ in the line of attack was made. The Twenty-third, which still retained the advance, soon discovered the enemy in full force. Eight companies of the regiment now supported a battery, which opened upon the rebels a heavy fire, and drove them back. The enemy was now in a strong position, defended by twelve pieces of artillery. The skirmishers were recalled, and the entire division moved forward with the design of cutting off the rebels in front from their main body. The Twenty-third charged at the double quick across an open field, and gained a road which ran parallel to the rebel position. Here they were sheltered from the fire only by a slight rise' of ground. The enemy made a desperate attempt to drive them from this position, but were unable to do it, and their leader, General Tilghman, being killed, they retreated precipitately, being cut off from their main body. They left several pieces of artillery, and some two thousand prisoners in our hands, together with a large number of small arms and considerable ammunition. For their gallantry in this battle, the Twenty-third Regiment was complimented by their commanding general. Thirteen rebel regiments were cut off and forced from the field by this division, consisting of less than half that number of men. They lay on their arms that night, and next morning pushed for Black River Bridge. The Twenty-ninth, in another corps, advanced across an open field, four hundred yards, to the foot of a thickly, timbered hill, where the rebels were posted. At twelve o'clock, General McGinnis ordered a charge up the hill. As the Twenty-ninth advanced, the enemy opened upon them with infantry and artillery; but they kept steadily on until within easy range, when the whole brigade fired upon the Confederates, with great effect. Soon they began to waver, when Colonel Gill ordered BATTLE OF BLACK RIVER. 651 a bayonet charge*, and three hundred rebels, with their battery and one stand of colors, were captured. Colonel Gill reported that he went into action with four hundred and ninety-one officers and men, and that he lost nineteen killed, ninety-five wounded, and one missing. He says that Captain 0. C. Bissell, of Company I, when wounded and lying on the ground, ex posed to the enemy's fire, refused assistance, but kept cheering on his men. Among the wounded were Major Hancock, Captains Bissell, Mott, Holmes, and De la Matyr, Lieutenant Ray, and Commissary Sergeant Wilson. Their brigade re mained on the field the next two days, burying the dead and collecting arms, and on the 1 9th, moved to Black River. The First Battery was early in position, but owing to the nature of the ground, took no active part in the battle. The Sixth Battery rendered important service, and had two men wounded. The Twelfth occupied position near our centre, and on the left of the artillery line, throughout the battle. The names of the wounded were : Eighteenth Regiment. — Adjutant Edw. Coleman. Company B — Lieut. R. C. Laird. Company C — Priv. Bent Markisoc. Company D — Priv. Nathan Hale. E — Priv. Edw. Richardson — 5. Twenty-thied Regiment. — Company A — Aug. Herle. Compa/ny D — H. R.Bird. Company E — Esau Barnes. Company E — Andrew J. Kyle — 4. Twenty-ninth Regiment. — Major B. Hancock, Commissary Sergeant Wilson. Company A — 2d Lt. 0. L. Ray, Privates Wm. Blaskey, James W. Boyd, T. Eller Drangerson, J. Haberman, N. C. Wiseman, W. L. Dalton, J. Fridall, Moses F. Kimball, Simon Miller, Frederick Schott. Company B — Capt. T. R. Mott, Corp. Julius Keyes. Company G— Privs. Henry Ely, J. Navin, J. Powers, John Garvin, Wm. Fretz, Julius Kruschke, J. Norton. Company D — Privs. D. W. Stanley, Wm. Brink, J. Doughty, C. Miller, Wm. Raston, S. Babb, Barney Reif, S. Matson. Company E— Priv. John Egan. Company F— Capt. C. A. Holmes, Sergt. Wm. B. Whipple, Privs. Edward Hart, Peter Lang, Henry Baumgartner, Geo. DoUioffer, John Fitch, F. Fritz, Geo. Schaefer. Company G — Privs. Hugh Berkley, C. R. Gard ner, R. M. Windsor, John Smith, Jacob Ritterbuseh, F. Duppler, F. Roedel, Joseph Roeder, James W. Barrett, W. H. Bacon, J. Segebrecht Company H— Corp. C. Huett, Priv. N. Lackey. Company /—Capt. 0. C. Bissell, Ord. Sergt. J. P. Gould, Privs.' J. W. Taylor, 0. F. Benedict, A. Merrill, J. Loomis, J. Rassmussen, H. C. Brewster, D. Rhive, J. Crawford, F. Leonard. Company K— Capt. W. A. De la Matyr, Privs. E. B. Hyde, W. H. Brown, H. C. Campbell, 0. Frances, C. Gorman, E. Hutchins, Henry Ihde, H. S. Jones, C. M. Kendall, C. Radloff, F. Stam, E. Tyler, G. D. Luce— 79. BATTLE OF BIG BLACK RIVER. Although Pemberton was defeated and scattered at Cham pion Hills, he was determined to rally his forces and risk an- 652 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. other engagement before going into Vicksburg. He therefore waited our approach at the Big Black River. On the morning of the 17th, our men were refreshed, and ready to follow the retreating foe. They soon found that they were in large force on both sides of the river. Their pickets were driven in, and the brigade, occupying the extreme right of the line, pushed forward in the direction of the river, the Eleventh Wisconsin and Twenty-third Iowa regiments in the front. The bank of the river on the opposite side was very steep, and covered with the enemy's guns, while in the low bottom land, on the side where our men were advancing, they had made a number of strong defences. They had also the advantage of a bayou and swamp in front of their position; along which they had erected rifle-pits and arranged guns. As our forces came on, Com pany A of the Eleventh Wisconsin, Captain Hough, were sent out as skirmishers. They advanced into the open field, on the opposite side of which were the rebel breastworks, extending along the bayou, as already described, and upon the edge of the marshy piece of ground in front. The enemy held the railroad bridge, and had also provided means of crossing above it, by using for the purpose an old boat which lay in the stream. The skirmishers, advancing about one hundred and fifty yards, opened fire. The line of battle was formed near a fence. The men were ordered to lie down, which they hardly had time to do before a volley of bullets passed harmlessly over the heads of those near the fence. Several of Company A of the Eleventh, who were skirmishing, were wounded, Captain Hough mortally. The Union forces were determined that the success gained at Champion Hills should not be lost by a failure at the Big Black. The enemy fought with determined resist ance, and with a courage that manifested a strong desire to retrieve their previous defeat. But their effort was in vain. The Eleventh Wisconsin led the charge which carried their works, and captured several hundred prisoners. Finding that our forces had obtained possession of their defences, those on the west bank of the river burned the railroad bridge and destroyed all means of crossing, thus leaving those on the east side cut off from retreat. Seventeen guns fell into our hands. It was a complete defeat to the enemy, a panic seizing INVESTMENT AND ASSAULTS. 653 the whole of Pemberton's army. Terrified and in confusion, they poured into Vicksburg in the middle of the night, arousing the inhabitants, and giving the most alarming accounts of our advancing forces. The Fourteenth Regiment came up from Raymond only in time to assist in rebuilding the bridge over the river, which the rebels in their retreat had destroyed. They were employed all night upon this duty. The Seventeenth Regiment made the march of nine miles to Black River Bridge in two hours, and aided in the construction of a floating bridge. The Eighteenth also aided in rebuilding the destroyed bridge. The Twenty-third pushed forward to Black River early on the morning of the 17th, and at once formed in line of battle. The brigade advanced steadily, and captured the Sixtieth Ten nessee, with its colors. The regiment, after the battle, by order of the commanding general, destroyed a large number of small arms left on the field by the enemy. The First Battery ad vanced at daybreak to Black River Bridge, and engaged in the artillery duel, which lasted two hours. A shot from the enemy eariy blew up the ammunition chest of one section, which wounded General Osterhaus and Captain Foster, and mortally wounded Charles Withee, of the battery. INVESTMENT AND ASSAULTS. Vicksburg was next invested, Sherman being on the right, McPherson in the centre, and McClernand at the left. In the rebel lines opposite Sherman was Major General M. L. Smith; in the centre, Major General Forney; and opposite McClernand, Brigadier General Stevenson. General Bowen, held the rebel reserve. When Porter heard our firing near Vicksburg, he made ready to cooperate. In three hours, May 18th, Haines' Bluff was captured, the rebels having begun to evacuate the day previous. This opened the way for sup plies to our army. Grant determined on an assault before the enemy should re ceive assistance, or recover from their demoralized state. At two o'clock on the afternoon of May 19th, Sherman moved to the attack. The way was difficult — chasms and gulfs were to be crossed which were filled with fallen and standing timber. 654 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The attempt was unsuccessful, and at night the troops were withdrawn. Another assault was ordered to be made along the whole line, at ten o'clock on the morning of May 22d. Porter bom barded the city the whole night previous, and engaged the river batteries' the next morning. Promptly at the time the advance was made, and the head of each column reached the exterior slope of the works in their front, and planted their flags. But the contest was unequal; only a few Federals could act at once; the enemy could mass upon our forces, and had a great advantage in firing. The second assault, like the first, was unsuccessful. McClernand claimed to have taken two forts, and wanted reinforcements; Grant doubted, and reluctantly sent them, but the result was so disastrous that Major General Ord relieved McClernand. THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER. The investment of the city was next made complete. Forts, batteries, and rifle-pits were erected, and covered ways were made for our men to pass from rear to front of our works, unex posed to sharp-shooters. Mines were secretly constructed for blowing up the rebel works. Grant learned from a courier, sent by Pemberton to communicate with Johnston, that the rebel army in the city had rations for only thirty days, one meal a day, and that their ammunition was nearly gone. At three o'clock on the afternoon of June 25th, the match was applied to the first mine, and throughout our lines there was intent watching and readiness for an assault. The ex plosion came. Timbers, earth, gun-carriages,- stockades, in immense quantity, were thrown one hundred feet into the air; two columns of stormers pushed forward ; brigades moved to their support; our artillery opened all along our lines ; Porter's fleetjoined in the thundering and awful cannonade ; McPherson entered the crater made by the explosion, and posted batteries. But the rebels resisted with great energy and power. Other mines were hastened towards completion. July 1st, another mine was sprung, which demolished a portion of the enemy's works, buried nine of their men who were countermining, and killed and wounded others. Thus the work was to go on. THE SIEGE AND SURRENDER. 655 The bombardment of the city had been daily kept up. The inhabitants were suffering in the extreme, and many of them lived in caves. Their dwellings were shattered and torn in pieces. Cannon balls and shells were plowing through their streets. All food was nearly gone. Even mule meat brought fabulous prices. The city's filth was all stored in the midst of the inhabitants. Neither citizens nor soldiers could endure much longer. On Friday morning, July 3rd, a flag of truce appeared on the enemy's breastworks. Pemberton wanted commissioners to arrange terms for capitulation. Grant said " Unconditional sur render." The two generals met under an oak tree. " Uncon ditional surrender," Grant repeated. Pemberton said, " Never, so long as I have a man left me ! I will fight rather." Then, sir, you can continue the defence," said Grant. But July 4th — a grand day, -more grand for the victories of Gettysburg and Vicksburg — Pemberton's army stacked their arms, and marched out of their works, and Grant's army marched in. We had captured 37,000 prisoners, including nineteen general officers, and 4,000 officers of a lower grade. The rebels had lost in the siege and the five previous battles, 10,000 men, 301 pieces of artillery, and 35,000 small arms, besides an immense amount of public property. The Mississippi, closed for more than two years, was again opened. The steamer Imperial, from St. Louis, reached the New Orleans wharf on the 16th of July. SERVICES OF WISCONSIN TROOPS. - The Eighth Regiment took position before Vicksburg, at the extreme right of the investing forces, near Walnut Hills. They engaged in the assault on the 22d. General Mower's brigade attempted to pass through a ravine, but the fallen men and other obstacles made the passage difficult, and the Eighth turned to the right, and under the brow of a hill reached the outer slope of the works, having lost two killed and seventeen wounded, two mortally. At dark they with drew, by order of General Sherman, to their former position. For gallantry displayed in this action the regiment was highly complimented by their commanding general. 656 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Eleventh Regiment took position in the trenches on the 19th, in the central part of our forces, in General Carr's division, between Osterhaus' and Smith's divisions. In the charge on the 22d, they had two parallel gullies between them and the enemy's works. Through one they passed, and up the slope beyond. There the ground was open, and the rebel guns swept the whole space with fearful destruction. They were ordered to lie down and seek protection under the crest before them. Their loss was heavy, and though at night the main body retreated, some of the wounded could not be brought off until the 25th. They were constantly employed in the duties of the siege until July 2d, when they marched towards Warrenton, to intercept a rebel raid. On their ap proach the raiders fled to the other side of the Black River, and the regiment returned to the trenches. The Twelfth Regiment, in Herron's division, occupied the trenches on the left. They lost one man killed and five > wounded, during the siege. The Fourteenth Regiment reached a point within range of the rebel guns, at ten o'clock at night on the 18th, and en camped. The following day they reached a point within eighty rods of the rebel works in the rear of the city. In gaining this position they were exposed for a time to the enemy's fife, and lost one killed and six wounded. Brisk skirmishing between the sharp-shooters on each side ensued for the next two days, almost without intermission. On the first day one man was wounded, but on the second day the regiment suffered no loss, having protected themselves by rifle-pits. On the 22d they joined in the charge upon the works half a mile to their right. It proved especially disastrous to this regiment, losing as they did one hundred and seven men in killed, wounded, and missing, out of two hundred and fifty-six who advanced to the assault. Three detachments of the regiment charged over a hill towards a rebel fort, while not a man of . any other regiment went over. After dark they were ordered back to their former position. They were in the front line until the surrender, and on constant duty, occasionally losing a man by the sharp-shooters. When, after the surrender, the brigade marched into the city, the Fourteenth was assigned to the right as the position of honor. General Ransom, in his WISCONSIN TROOPS AT VICKSBURG. 657 order giving them the advance, took occasion to say, " Every officer and man in the Fourteenth is a hero," The Seventeenth reached the rear of Vicksburg, within half a mile of the fortifications, on the 18th, and bivouacked in a ravine. The following day they deployed into line and com menced making an approach to the city, covered by the timber and ravines. Company K was sent forward as skirmishers, and performed that duty until the 22d. Their gallant services received special mention from the commanding general. In the charge of the 19th, the regiment, under Lieutenant Colonel McMahon, moved forward over fallen timber and broken ground, to within seventy-five yards of the enemy's works, and held that position under a heavy fire for two hours, when, being unsupported on. the left, they were ordered to retire. This movement was accomplished in good order, the regiment taking cover in a ravine, but losing forty-five in killed and wounded. During the night, rifle-pits were dug in their front. By the 22d they had constructed regular approaches within two hundred yards of the rebel works. In the grand assault of that day they were held in reserve, and covered the retreat when the balance of the brigade was ordered to retire. They lost in this second assault twenty-three in killed and wounded. From this date until the surrender, the regiment was con stantly in the trenches. The Eighteenth Regiment took position in the investing line on the 20th. On the 22d, they were deployed as sharp shooters, to cover the charge of that day. Having been sent towards Yazoo City on the 26th, to take observations of Gen eral Johnston's movements, the regiment took no further part in the siege until the 4th of June, at which date they took position in the trenches, and remained there until the surren der. The Twentieth Regiment reached Vicksburg about the 10th of June, and took position in the left division of the line. June 3rd, Captain Gillett with . twelve men of Companies B and D, advanced carefully to within four rods of the rebel rifle-pits, and killed one and captured thirteen of the enemy. For this service General Herron appointed Captain Gillett in spector general of his command. 42 658 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Twenty-third Regiment marched on the 18th to within three miles of Vicksburg. On the 19th they moved to within a few hundred yards of the rebel fortifications, and that night lay on their arms. On the 20th, the whole regiment went forward as skirmishers, and engaged the rebels all day, cover ing thus the works of the division while they secured an established position in the trenches. The regiment lost two killed and fourteen wounded on this day, among the latter, Lieutenant A. J. McFarlane, of Company K, and Lieutenant John A. Bull, of Company E. Several of the wounded soon died. In the assault on the 22d, the Twenty-third pushed forward to the base of one of the forts under a terrible fire. Companies D and A, being thrown out as skirmishers to protect the right, performed their duty well. Companies B and E dragged a piece of artillery to within forty feet of the fort. The remainder of the regiment poured their fire into the fort until nearly dark. The fatigue, exposure and loss suffered in battle had reduced the regiment to one hundred and fifty men fit for duty. The flag of truce sent by Pemberton to Grant on the 3rd of July, was received by Captain Joseph Greene, of Company D, who was brigade officer of the day, and was conducted by him to General Grant's head quarters. The Twenty-fifth regiment moved down the valley of the Yazoo, thirty miles, and encamped, on the 7th of June, at Haines' Bluff. Four days later they were ordered to Snyder's Bluff, four miles distant, on the bank of the Yazoo, where they were in the rear of the investing line of Vicksburg. June 25th they moved in pursuit of guerrillas up the Mississippi. The Twenty-seventh regiment, with the Twenty-fifth, was in the second brigade, commanded by Colonel Montgomery, of the Twenty-fifth, and in the third division, General Kimball, sixteenth army corps. On the march down the Yazoo, Captain Stannard, Company B, was mortally wounded by the discharge of a gun, which he was passing to a sick man in an ambulance. He died June 7th, greatly lamented. The regiment was stationed at Snyder's Bluff until after the capitulation. The Twenty-ninth Regiment marched on the 21st to the ad vanced lines of our intrenchments in rear of the city, and on WISCONSIN TROOPS AT VICKSBURG. 659 the following day participated in the assault. During the re mainder of the siege they were employed in the advanced works. Their loss,was six men killed and wounded. They engaged in the infantry firing that followed the explosion of the mine, June 25th. The Thirty-third Regiment took position on the 25th of May, on the south side of Vicksburg, close to the enemy's works, and from that date until the surrender, took an active part in the siege. They were so near the rebel lines that they were constantly exposed to fire, one of their number having been killed while asleep in his tent by a bullet from a rebel sharp-shooter. On the night of the 4th of June, Lieutenant Colonel Lovell led Companies C and K, commanded respectively by Captain Gurly and Lieutenant Shea, to an attack on the enemy's rifle pits. The charge was made with such impetuosity, that the rebels broke and fled into their main works, without injuring the little band of pursuers. On the night of the 13th, Company D, numbering fifty men, under Captain Warner, was ordered to advance on the right of the brigade front, and take the enemy's rifle pits immedi ately under a strong fort. They were supported by Company F, under Lieutenant Stark, and two Blinois companies as flankers. The enemy kept up a furious fire upon the storming party, but it passed over their heads, as they were on much lower ground. Captain Warner and Company D, creeping on their hands and knees half way up the hill, charged and took the hill with the rifle pits, driving the rebels precipitately from the position. The pioneers failing to come forward and intrench, they were compelled, at daylight, to abandon the ground, as they were exposed to an enfilading fire at short range, from three forts. The rebels at once re-occupied the .position. Colonel Moore obtained permission to retake the position at an early hour the following evening. At dark Captains Warner and Carter, with eighty men of the regiment, went forward, an Blinois regiment covering their, flanks, and picketing the ground as they advanced. Before the impetuous charge of these two companies the rebels broke and fled, with out injuring a man. The hill and pits were again taken. The 660 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. enemy attempted afterward, in vain, to regain them. On the night of the 21st, six companies were ordered to advance the line in the centre of the brigade front; and establish a rifle pit within eighty-five yards of a large fort. Companies C, H, E, B, K, and G, in this work, drove in the rebel pickets, seized the position, and repulsed all efforts of the enemy to recover it. The works of the enemy were so near that their guns could not be sufficiently depressed to bear upon it. In four hours of severe labor they dug rifle pits, and were strongly and quite securely established. The next night the ground was lost by another regiment, which, allowed itself to be surprised and driven away, with a loss of seventeen killed and wounded. On the night of the 24th, the enemy were again dislodged by five companies of the Thirty-third, Companies C and H being under the immediate command of Maj or Virgin , supported by Companies A, D, and F, under their respective captains, and the whole being under the command and moving accord ing to the plan of Lieutenant Colonel Lovell. Company D led the charge with such celerity that the rebels were surprised, and driven precipitately to their fort, losing fifteen muskets, four men killed, and seventeen wounded. The attacking party lost two men wounded — one mortally — both of Company H. The whole was accomplished in fifteen minutes ! For their gallantry upon this occasion the regiment received the com mendation of their division commander. The Second Wisconsin Cavalry occupied a position at Snyder's Bluff, during the latter part of the siege. They were also employed, much of the time, in scouting. The First Battery was in position before the rebel works in the rear of Vicksburg, on the 19th of May. During the siege it bore a prominent part close to the enemy's lines, and by its accurate fire did terrible execution. The Sixth Battery took position in the trenches, May 19th, and was constantly engaged in active duty until the surrender. The Twelfth Battery took position before the fortifications, on the 21st of May, and was there employed in the duties of the siege until the surrender. The names of the wounded are in the following list : Eighth Regiment. Company A — Privates G. E. Leonard, Thomas T. Carroll. Company C— Private Daniel Wyman, Company D — Private Jonathan E. Hawley. WISCONSIN TROOPS AT VICKSBURG. 661 e Company E— Sergt. Morrison Sayles, Privates John W. Smith, Patrick Welsh. Company F—Oarp. Geo. Robbihs, Private George Sterling. Company' G— Private Arthur Cooley. Company H— Sergt. Sherman Ellsworth, Private Joseph Lewis. Company /—Privates Paul Olson, A. Pruett, Robbins Bassett — 15. Eleventh Regiment. • Company A — Seigt. Loren Walker, Privates J. Hillier, J. Shaffer, N. S. Hazeltines, M. Quinlin, M. Donahue, Peter Bradshaw. Company B— Sergts. H. J. Lunneberg, Darwin Glidden, Corps. Daniel Cook, Wm. Taylor, H. J. Norton, Privates C. M. Eaton, J. Damon, J. M, Sandford, J. N. Glidden, E. R. Nichols, P. O'Brien, C. F. Smith. Company C-^Sergt. John Brink, Privates H. Brink,, Nelson Hyer, Scott Case, Fred. Bowman, Tabor Sherman, A. M. Thayer. Company D— Privs. J. Risenback, J. M. Jaquish. Company E— Sergt. T. W. Risk, Corps. C. J. Bracken, N. O'Connor, Private E. Oheeney. Company F— Privates G. W. Brown, Geo. G. Mory, Martin Redding, William Devine, William Stackhouse. Company G — Corporals Edward Borwell, George W. Farwell, L. H. Parks, Privates George Kolb, James Nary, Eleazer Moore, David Wingar, H. H. Wood cock, George H. Baker. Company. R— Lieut. Charles Allen, Sergeant J. E. Lyon, Privates F. Bower, W. G. Hughbanks, J. H. Kerr, W. Gnoedig, J. F. Mason, J. B. Oowen. Company i^-Corp. Hollis Stedman, Privates J. A. Hake, H. Harring ton, Scott Harrington, L. Shadduck. ' Company E — Sergts. B. F. Disk, Ed. Jones, Corps. C. C. Nelson, J. W. Hughs, Privates Marcus Cramer, H. Holverson, H- E. Harrington, W. Kruger, Fred. Gotschaw, Geo. Harmon — 69. Fourteenth Regiment. Sergt. Maj. John M. Reed. Company A — Lt. Charles T. WiUiam, Sergt. Geo. 0. Denniston, Corp. G. Van Hinkian, Privates Orlando J. Ribble, Adam Slidell, Gideon F. Jones. Gompany B — Corp. John F. Beach, Privates Michael Haley, Albert A. Jeffers, Dennie Bqssie, Thomas J. Pray. Com pany C — Corps. G. T. Crafts, Benj: F. Hovy, Privates Daniel Hdwe, Charles M. Johnson, John McMahou, Benj. Smith. Company D — Privates W. Dolan, Samuel H. Moody, Patrick. 0. Day. Company E — 2d Lieut. Daniel Ramsdell, Privates J. Smith, John Barnard, Patrick Hogan, Christian Hanigan, Thomas Lovelace, Henry Mikey, Jas. Murphy, Chas. NcAllister, Martin C. Tyler Company F— Lt. Rewben Wheeler, Sergt. John P. Ryan, Privates Charles Blathe, John Ralley, Thos. Steele, John Sullivan, Thomas Tariff, William J. Wright, Henry Puday, John Hawley. Gompany G — Private Joel T. Brewster. Company if— Privates Edward Galligan, Adin Gibson, Henry Herte. Company I— Privates Charles F. Bone, Jas. Currens, Charles Stahl. Company E — Privates Martin Alftman, Ewd. R. Abbot, Edmund Pettit— 50. Seventeenth Regiment. Gompany B — 2d Lt. Martin Schulte, Corp. H. Hoyt, Privates John Fink, John Fogarty, John Hoy, Edmund Hanneburg, Ernest Marks . Company G — Privates Joseph Gaffrey, Thos. Mullaly, F. Murray, B. Cole, J. Ryan, John Dougherty. Company E — 1st Lt. James McDermot, Privates F. Luseombe, Timothy Toomey, Patrick McHugh, William H. Patten, D. McCausland, William H. Starkey, Francis Clarke. Company F — Sergt. Thos. McNary, Privates Patrick Sullivan, John Molony. Company ff— Corps. Moses L. Rousseau, John B. Nellis, Matthew Pitts, Joseph Valquint, Privates Lewis Rouse, Antoine La Conte, Eugene Regnier, Joseph Verheyden. Company R— Lieut. Darius E. Palmer, Sergt. Thos. Hennan, Privates Andrew Byron, James Markee, Nicholas Stein, Frank McKenna, Michael Jarrett. Company I— Capt. J. G. Nordman, Lt. 0. V. Austin, Privates Marcus Weeks, Allen Slater, Nicholas Miller, M. Britton. Company E— Privates Thomas L. Ward, Ernest Marks, Alvin Sigworth, John Kitson, Andrew Logan. Eighteenth Regiment. Gompany D — Private A. W. Calkins. Company G — Private Charles Montgomery. Company if— Privates Henry Cassel, Wm. Smith. Company J— 1st Sergt. S. C. Alban, Corp. Wm. Jones, Private A. J. Shepardson. Twenty-third Regiment. Company A — Corp. J. B. Howe, Privates John Budd, Samuel Paynter, James A. Wells. Company B — Capt. J. E- Duncan, Sergt. John Boss, Corp. J. W. Dunlop, Privates Isaac Bennett, Lafayette Case, W. H. Roberts. Company <7— Capt. 0. H. SorenSon, Priv. H. Mattey. Company J) — Privates H. H. Holcombe, James Sanderson. Company E — Lieut. John A. Bull, Private Charles Netherwood. Company .P— Privates J. M. Babeoek, Isaiah Fry. Company G — 662 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Privates Peter Hayes, John G. Jones, Francis W. Wright. Company R— Privates W. D. Edgebert, Seth B . Tannehill; Vincent Webber, H. J. Youmans. Company I— -1st Lieut. John Starks, Privates J. B. Innskeep, Josiah Nye, Michael McNulty, Caspar Wolff, Moses Flesh. Company E— Private Levi Schell. Twenty-ninth Regiment. Company A — Private J. C. Kenlin. Company I— Privates J. Stevens, H. Welsh. Thirty-thied Regiment. Company A — Privates C. Randall, Lemuel A. Elam. Company B — Privates Samuel Armstrong, Peter Fillmore. Company D — Private George H. Farman. Company E — Private Alonzo Miltimore. Company F — Corp. Matthew Croll. Compomy .H1— Private William Dunbar. Company if— Private N. Peterson. SECOND BATTLE OF JACKSON. Closely related to the fall of Vicksburg, was the second battle at Jackson, the capital of Mississippi. Joseph E. John ston was in command there. Taking portions of the thirteenth and fifteenth corps, Sherman moved upon that city, and en camped before it July 10th. Waiting for ammunition, he intrenched and fortified. On the 11th, 12th, and 13th there was considerable fighting. Johnston made a sortie on our works on the 13th, and was defeated. On the 16th, he began to evacuate, and on the 18th, Sherman entered the city and found that he had gone. In this expedition the Twelfth, Twenty-third, Twenty-ninth, and Thirty-third Wisconsin In fantry, and the Second Cavalry and First Battery were engaged. Colonel Bryant, of the Twelfth, commanded the third brigade of his division. June 12th, General Lauman ordered the first brigade to charge on the enemy's works, and was terribly repulsed. A portion of the Twelfth protected the flank of the assaulting column. The Twenty-third were for several days under the fire of the enemy ; the Twenty-ninth had several engagements; the Thirty-third was in the brigade that charged the enemy's works, but being at the right to prevent a flank movement, adroitly escaped unhurt. THE SURRENDER OF PORT HUDSON. The fall of Port Hudson, invested by General Banks, May 21st, was a necessary consequence of the surrender of Vicks burg. The siege and assaults of the former have been related in the preceding chapter on the Fourth Cavalry. July 7th, General Frank Gardner, the rebel commander of Port Hud- ¦^yy i F.!TO..i-::(s Co. Chi MAJ.GEN_ FGSALGHOrL ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY F0R_1jvTSC0N3IK 1ST IHE "WAR OF THE KK-ELUOJf BATTLE OF HELENA. 663 son, sent a letter to General Banks inquiring if Vicksburg had surrendered. General Banks replied on the 8th, inclosing G rant's letter which announced the capitulation. The same day Gardner surrendered his works, with 5,500 troops, includ ing one major general, and one brigadier, twenty guns, thirty- one field-pieces and ammunition, and two steamers. Another important event may well be grouped here. The victory at Gettysburg, and the surrender at Vicksburg being added to the Declaration of Independence, the 4th of July became a great and fortunate day. But another star arose to enhance its glory. BATTLE OF HELENA. General F. Salomon having, at his own request, been relieved from his command in the Army of the Frontier, was placed in command of the first brigade, thirteenth division, thirteenth army corps, Army of the Tennessee. In February, 1863, the thirteenth division embarked and entered the Yazoo Pass, Cold Water, and Tallahatchie. As before related, the expedi tion met with strong fortifications — Fort Pemberton — at the junction of the Tallahatchie and Yalabusha Rivers. General Salomon's brigade was in the front, and much exposed to the enemy's fire. The division was recalled, and reached Helena on the 8th of April. The district of Eastern Arkansas was then under the com mand of Major General Prentiss; General Ross commanded the United States forces at, and the defences of, Helena ; and General Salomon the thirteenth division. Leave of absence having been granted General Ross, General Prentiss directed General Salomon to assume his command. Early in June, the enemy showed more activity in the vicinity of Helena, and General Salomon began to fortify the place as well as possible. Surrounding hills rendered it difficult of defence. His line of fortifications was over five miles long, and he had only 4,000 men to occupy it. While the works were yet incomplete, the enemy — 18,000 or 20,000, under Holmes, Price, Marmaduke, Parsons, and McRea — attacked our forces, July 4th, at three o'clock in the morning. At five o'clock, 664 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. under a thick fog, the rebels massed their forces in front of Batteries C and D. These were reinforced, and two companies of the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin were posted near Fort Curtis for its additional defence. Battery D was four times attacked, but each time the enemy were repulsed with great slaughter. Battery C was taken on the third charge. General Salomon now expected that Fort Curtis would be attacked, and, posting other troops and one gun in its front, he opened upon the rebels from the fort and the wooden gunboat Tyler. As the enemy rushed forward they were either killed or captured. Soon after Battery C was retaken, although Generals Holmes and Price commanded it in person. On our right and left the loyalists held their ground against heavy forces. When the battle had raged seven and a half hours, at half-past ten o'clock, the enemy fell back, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. We took 1,500 prisoners, five hundred of whom were wounded, two colors, and a large quantity of arms. Other wounded escaped. Four hundred rebel dead were buried on the field, and General Salomon estimated the total loss of the enemy at 3,000. In General Prentiss' report of the battle, he improperly gave himself credit for the victory, to General Salomon's disadvan tage. He also stated that General Salomon was in command of the thirteenth division only, when he himself had placed him in command of the forces at Helena, and of the defences of the place, during General Ross' absence. When General Ross returned and assumed command, he issued an order which recognized that General Salomon had been in command in the late battle. The brigade commanders, and field, staiff, and line officers who survived the battle — among them the lamented John A. Savage, Jr., afterward Colonel of the Thirty- sixth Wisconsin — petitioned President Lincoln for the further promotion of " Brigadier General Salomon," in view of his merits for this victory. Adjutant Savage, then of the Twenty- eighth Wisconsin, wrote to Senator T. O. Howe, August 20th, 1863, that Salomon was in command of all the troops ; that it was not General Prentiss' place to command them. He also states that some officers had previously laughed and sneered at General Salomon's zeal in erecting fortifications and preparing BATTLE OF HELENA. 665 for the defence of the place, and that when the battle came, the previous "complaints and growling about their heavy 'fatigue details,' gave place to expressions of admiration for the prudence, forethought, and admirable management which placed them where they could confidently await the attack of a foe four times their number." Yet, neither General Salomon's official report of the battle, nor the petition of the officers was ever published, or came to the hands of President Lincoln. Jefferson Davis recognized the importance of the battle of Helena, by placing it in the list of the great disasters which had befallen the Confederate Government. PART IV. WESTERN DEPARTMENT — LATER HISTORY FROM VICKSBURG TO ATLANTA AND NASHVILLE. I. — GOVERNOR SALOMON AND HIS ADMINISTRA TION. n. — CHICKAMAUGA. ILL — LOOK-OUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONARY RIDGE. IV. — SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN TO ATLANTA. V. — TEXAS AND RED RIVER EXPEDITIONS. VI.— FIRST, EIGHTH, NINTH, TENTH, AND ELEVENTH INFANTRY. VII. — THIRTEENTH, FOURTEENTH, AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. VILL — TWENTIETH, TWENTY-THIRD, AND TWENTY- FOURTH INFANTRY. IX. — TWENTY -SEVENTH, TWENTY- EIGHTH AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. X. — THIRTIETH, THIRTY-THIRD, THIRTY-FOURTH, AND THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. XL — THIRTY-NINTH AND FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY, INCLUSIVE. STL— FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, AND FOURTH CAVALRY. X III. — FIRST, THIRD, SIXTH, SEVENTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, AND THIRTEENTH LIGHT ARTILLERY. •'¦^arean Emohavino Co.Ciiicaoo. ^OV.OF W1S.1862-3. fok "v-r.^coNnrw in t?ie vV7-r of' CHAPTER I. GOVERNOR SALOMON AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. HIS ACCESSION TO THE EXECUTIVE OFFICE, THE PECULIAR AND ARDUOUS CHARACTER OF HIS SERVICES, ORGANIZATION OF REGIMENTS, DRAFT ING, AND -THE ATTENDANT DIFFICULTIES, THE INDIAN EXCITEMENT, SUFFRAGE TO SOLDIERS, — PROVISION FOR THEIR WANTS, — :RULES OF PROMOTION, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. Upon the melancholy death of Governor Harvey, immediately after the. battle of Pittsburg Landing, Lieutenant Governor Salomon became the Chief Magistrate of Wisconsin. Through out his term of office the war raged with unabated fury, and his principal labors were wisely directed towards supporting the general government in its gigantic struggle. Had he been otherwise than loyal to the core, the danger would have been incalculable. He had the strongest faith in the ultimate suc cess of our cause, and the power of hope was thus an element in his labors. His services were especially arduous and impor tant during the year 1862, for several reasons. The Government had then no mode for filling the decimated ranks of the army, independent of the cooperation of the Governors of States; the war then assumed huge proportions never before conceived ; volunteering was then for the first found insufficient for recruiting the army to the requisite strength, and the draft was the necessary resort ; during that year opposition to the war was first organized, and became bitter and vindictive in the Northern States; and no election had yet been held to demon strate that the people would surely sustain the prosecution |0f the war until the rebellion was crushed. In the early part of 1862, all recruiting had been stopped by an order from the War Department — the number of soldiers 670 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in the field, unfortunately being considered sufficient to silence and destroy all organized treason in the land. There had then been organized in Wisconsin nineteen regiments of infantry, three of cavalry, Von Deutsch's company of cavalry, twelve batteries of light artillery, one company of heavy artillery, and a company of sharp-shooters. In May, 1862, another regiment of infantry was called for from Wisconsin, the organization of which (the Twentieth) Governor Salomon at once commenced, appointing for field officers, meritorious and experienced officers from other regiments. At the very beginning of his administration, the Legislature having previously adjourned, to meet again in June, he found himself embarrassed by urgent calls for assistance, by and on behalf of sick and wounded soldiers, without any appropria tion having yet been made for that purpose, while other States were bringing their sick and wounded home, and' otherwise caring for their wants. Without hesitation, he assumed the responsibility of acting in this matter for the relief of Wis consin men, trusting to subsequent legislative sanction, which was afterwards fully and readily obtained. In the middle of July, five more regiments were called for from Wisconsin, and on the 4th of August following, 300,000 more men were called for from the country, and a demand was also made for filling the old regiments then in the field. More over, an order was issued by the President to the effect that if the volunteers under all these calls were not furnished by the 15th of August, a draft should be made. The time for re cruiting by volunteering was subsequently extended to August 22d, but no further extension could be obtained, except for filling old regiments. Up to August 4th, when the order for a draft was made by the government, only a few volunteers had been secured in Wisconsin under these calls, but during the eighteen days between that date and August 22d, about 13,000 men were recruited, out of which were organized thir teen new regiments. The Indian disturbances in the State occurred during that year, and all these facts combined, im posed very peculiar and unusual burdens upon the Executive, generally requiring him at his office from the early business hours of the morning, until midnight, or beyond. DRAFTING, AND ITS DIFFICULTIES. 671 But still more men were called for; Wisconsin had not fur nished its quota by volunteering, and the duty devolved upon the Governor, by act of Congress and the orders of the Presi dent, to execute a draft. It was appointed for November 10th, 1862, and was called the State draft, in distinction from the the subsequent conscription act of Congress. The opposition to that State draft had become determined and violent ; it was pronounced unconstitutional ; it was prophesied that it could not be carried out. The emancipation proclamation, while strengthening our cause -abroad, and preventing European in- interferenoe, became the apology of thousands for opposing, and even resisting the draft. To execute that draft, under those circumstances, in a straightforward manner, required courage, and an absence of all disposition to pander to the prejudices and tastes of the ignorant or evil. In the State of New York, Governor Morgan had appointed the State draft for the same day, November 10th; but seeing the opposition, he delayed it, and finally postponed it until after his term of office expired, in the following January. That yielding to the violent opposition undoubtedly prepared the way for the riot and bloodshed in New York City, which afterwards attended the attempt to execute the United States draft. Had Governor Salomon taken a similar course, he might have been responsible for the blood of hundreds, and even thousands, in Wisconsin and the country. When the Wisconsin State draft was executed, the peace of the State was seriously endangered by insurrectionary pro ceedings in several counties : but an efficient military force, previously made ready, suppressed them, and taught an im portant lesson of submission to all subsequent orders for filling the State quotas by drafting. And yet no man was killed by this prompt execution of the law. But it caused more trouble to the Executive than any other act of his administration, resulting in innumerable and per plexing questions relative to alleged mistakes and omissions in the enrollment, and becoming the occasion of expensive litigation, and of both open and secret enmity, threats, and denunciations. When the Indian massacres occurred in Minnesota, in 672 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. August, 1862, the Executive knew, from reliable authority, that there was really a threatening attitude on the part of some Indians in Wisconsin. Being without sufficient arms and am munition, he applied to the Secretary of War for a supply, sending immediately such as were at hand to the parts of the State that were becoming rapidly depopulated through fear of Indian raids ; and having no militia, he stationed companies of the Thirtieth Regiment, which had just been recruited, at various points in the north-western part of the State. The Indian question, and the gloomy aspect of public affairs, induced him to call an extra session of the Legislature. A portion of the people were opposed to the further prosecution of the war, and 40,000 loyal voters had gone out of the State to the army. It was thought that they were among the most intelligent on the question of suppressing or yielding to the rebellion, and legislative action was needed to allow them to express their opinion and choice by voting in the field. The Legislature convened September, 10th, 1862, and acted promptly, at least upon the suffrage question, and the soldiers, by their votes, triumphantly vindicated the prosecution of the war. On recommendation of the Executive, the Legislature enacted a law authorizing the organization of the militia and its equip ment, to a certain extent, and 4,000 men were organized and equipped sufficiently to be called out in any emergency. In each year of his administration, the Legislature placed at his disposal from $20,000 to $25,000, to be expended in caring and providing for Wisconsin soldiers in the army. Only a portion of this sum was disbursed, and yet Governor Salomon kept agents with the different armies, and at the principal places, to attend to the wants of Wisconsin troops, requiring of them frequent communications with himself; and sick and wounded soldiers of this Commonwealth were as well provided for, it is believed, as those of any other State. Governor Salomon adopted the rule of appointing merito rious privates and non-commissioned officers to fill some of the more important places in all new companies, and selected them from a " roll of honor," prepared from names sent him by commanding officers in the field. The New York Evening GOVERNOR SALOMON AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. 673 Post once said that he was the only governor in the Union who adopted that wise and just measure. His rule of promotion was in the line of seniority by companies, and of field officers by seniority ; and when exceptions occurred for the exigencies of the service, or the reward of merit, he appointed on the recommendation of the commanding officer — unless that place was itself to be filled — and if that officer recommended irregular promotion, his reasons were required in detail. Ad jutant General Gaylord credits this plan of the Executive with manifest advantages in the organization of regiments, and their drill and discipline for the field, and in the bestowment of honors upon the meritorious. The facts of the foregoing narrative speak for themselves, and facts, not pompous praise, are the record of history. But this fact may properly be noticed here, that every man does well who properly fills his place, whatever that may be ; and to have filled well the place of Governor of a loyal American State during two years of the war of the rebellion, is no trifling commendation or honor. Governor Salomon was born near Halberstadt, in Prussia, in 1828 ; attended school (college, in this country,) at that city, and afterwards the University at Berlin, where he principally pursued the study of mathematics, natural history, and philoso phy. His entire early life in Germany, up to the time he came to this country, was spent in school and university studies. He left the university, and came to this country in the fall of 1849, proceeded directly to Wisconsin, and lived for three years in Manitowoc. There he was successively school-teacher, county surveyor, and deputy clerk of the circuit court. In 1852, he removed to Milwaukee, in order to study the legal profession, and read law with E. G. Ryan, Esq. In 1855, he was admitted to the bar, upon an examination by the judgft of the supreme court in person, and has since then, with the exception of the two years of his official life, practiced law in that city. 43 CHAPTER II. CHICKAMAUGA. THE FIRST, TENTH, FIFTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, AND TWENTY- FOVRTH INFANTRY, THE FIRST CAVALRY, AND THIRD, FIFTH, AND EIGHTH BATTERIES. ROSECRANS LEAVES MURFREESBORO, FLANKS BRAGG AT TULLAHOMA, CROSSES THE CUMBERLAND MOUNT AINS, FLANKS THE ENEMY OUT OF CHATTANOOGA, AND TAKES POSSES SION, — MOVES BEYOND, — Battle of Chiekmmauga — The Pairt taken by Wis consin Troops.— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. After the battle of Stone River, General Rosecrans held his army at Murfreesboro five and a half months. This long in activity produced dissatisfaction and complaint at Washington and throughout the country. Rosecrans' defence was that it was not wise for him to move, until it was known whether Gen eral Grant would succeed or be defeated at Vicksburg. But on the 24th of June, he set out to drive General Bragg and the rebel army back into Georgia, and rescue East Tennessee from the enemy. He made demonstrations that should lead the Confederates to suppose he was about to attack their centre and left. Then, with the mass of his army, he passed on the other side of them, captured Hoover's, Liberty, and other gaps, after much hard fighting, while at the left our forces bravely carried Shelbyville, all of which compelled the enemy to fall back to Tullahoma. Then General Rosecrans took measures to pass around that place, and strike the communications of the enemy in their rear. This flanked them successfully, and they fled towards Bridgeport, Alabama. The Federals pursued, and General Thomas' advance, which was Negley's division, fell upon the rear of the enemy, under Hardee, near the cross ing of Elk River. A severe engagement ensued, but th« rebels crossed, burned the bridges, and still retreated. Gen- BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 675 eral Crittenden's corps, meanwhile, were moving on Chatta nooga by a route that obliged the Confederates to cross the Cumberland Mountains. The other Federal corps pursued them by a direct route, and on the morning of July 4th, reached the foot of the mountains, and discovered them in full retreat on Chattanooga, where, though much demoralized, they immediately began to fortify. Chattanooga, a small town, was important only as standing at the gateway between Ten nessee and Kentucky, on the north, and Georgia and Alabama, on the south, and as being the centre of an important net-work of railroads. General Rosecrans now repaired railroads, and made other preparations for a further advance on the enemy, which he commenced on the 16th of August. At the same date, General Burnside, in c#mmand of the Army of the Ohio, moved from Camp Nelson, Kentucky, for East Tennessee, and proceeded as far as Cumberland Gap. These two Federal armies were intended to cooperate with each other. At Chattanooga, General Rosecrans made demonstrations towards an attack in front, while the main body of his army, McCook's and Thomas' corps, crossed the Tennessee River farther south, en tered the Lookout Valley, and so far flanked the position of the enemy that he evacuated Chattanooga on the 8th of Sep tember, and Rosecrans moved into his works on the 9th. The loss of Chattanooga alarmed the whole Confederacy. They at once commenced such movements as led the Govern ment at Washington to suppose that General Lee was being reinforced by General Bragg, while, in fact, Bragg was being reinforced by Lee, Longstreet's whole corps moving from Vir ginia to Georgia. But General Rosecrans, in profound igno rance of all this, and too confident of easy success, pressed on after the enemy into a snare. He presumed that Bragg's forces were weak, or they would not have left Chattanooga, and judged that they would not make another stand until they crossed the Coosa River southward. He therefore allowed his own forces to become scattered through a breadth of country forty miles in extent, and neither corps could go to the assist ance of the other, without exposing important points to an attack of the enemy. McCook's and Thomas' corps were separated by nearly three days' march. 676 BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. ! UNION. REBEL 'S. C— Raccoon Mountain; L M— Lookout Mountain; M R— Mission Ridge; P M— Pigeon Mountain ; B— Bald Hill ; L— Lookout ; L C— Lookout Creek ; C C— Chattanooga Creek ; W 0 R— West Chattanooga River; W— Wauhatchee ; R— Rossville,; G — Gordon's Mill: 0 — Owen's Ford ; F— Ferrv ; G — Widoiv Glenn's ; 1— Reserve Corps' ; 2— Branson ; 3— Baird ;, 4— Johnson ; 6— Reynolds ; 6— Palmer ; 7— Van Cleve ; 8— Wood ; 9— Gordon's Mill ; 10— Sheridan ; 11 — Rosecrans' iteat> Quarters ; 12— Davis. The second day's battle on nearly same ground aa first. BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 677 The topography of the country immediately south of Chat tanooga is as follows : A series of mountain ridges running nearly north and south, with narrow valleys and creeks be tween, fill up the territory. Beginning on the west side, there is, first, the Raccoon Range, and the Sand Mountain close to it. Then comes Lookout Creek, running northward, and emptying into the Tennessee River. Next, to the east, is Lookout range of mountains. Then Chattanooga Creek, rising in McLe More's Cave, at the south, running north, and emptying into the Tennessee west of Chattanooga. Beyond that is Missionary Ridge; then Chickamauga Creek, which flows into the Tennessee east of Chattanooga. Next comes Pigeon Mountain, and then East Chickamauga Creek. In attempting to pass through the central gap in Pigeon Mountain, on September 12th, General Negley, of Thomas' corps, was suddenly attacked by the enemy, and compelled to fall back, with the loss of forty killed and wounded. This was a surprise, and then was the time for Bragg to have fol lowed up his success by an immediate general attack, and the Confederates subsequently made the charge of incapacity against him because he did not do it. But he was slow in his movements, and that gave Rosecrans time to collect his scat tered forces. McCook having joined Thomas, after heavy march ing, on the morning of the 18th of September, they moved again towards the enemy's position, and on this day, General Granger ascertained that Longstreet's corps had joined Bragg. The rebel authorities had also falsely declared as exchanged, the 43,000 troops that were captured and paroled by Grant and Banks at Vicksburg and Port Hudson, and many of those were now added to Bragg's army. His whole force consisted of 80,000 or 100,000 men, while the patriot army was not more than 55,000. Brannan's and Reynolds' divisions had been added to the Federal troops that fought at Stone River. The eleventh and twelfth corps, under General Hooker, had been detached from the army of the Potomac, and sent to protect Rosecrans' communications, but were not present to aid in the approaching conflict. Saturday morning, September 19th, the two armies had come near to each other, and were en veloped in a. fog. The Union lines had been connected and 678 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. contracted Thomas held our left, Crittenden the centre, and McCook the right. In Baird's division, near Thomas' left, as may be seen in the map, were the First, Tenth, and Twenty- first Wisconsin, in Starkweather's brigade. In Davis' division, McCook's corps, the Fifteenth Wisconsin was located, in Colonel Heg's brigade ; and the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin was in Sheridan's division, General Lytle's brigade, which, sepa rated from the other two brigades, had a position in the front line of battle on the 19th, near Gordon's Mills. At ten o'clock on Saturday morning, Croxton's brigade, of Brannan's division, commenced the battle by rushing with great force upon rebel troops stationed at Read's Ford. They repulsed and drove them nearly a mile, and then met with obsti nate resistance. Thomas then ordered Baird to go with his divi sion to Croxton's support, Starkweather's brigade being in reserve. The contest was very severe. Soon the enemy fell upon Scribner's and King's brigades, of Baird's division, in over whelming numbers, and drove them back. But Johnson's, Reynold's, and Palmer's divisions then entered upon the strife, attacking the foe in flank, while. Brannan's troops pressed down upon them with terrific fire in front. They were fight ing some 20,000 men under Longstreet. The rebel cannon cut great gaps through our ranks; the rebel rifles poured upon us a deadly tire ; but Federal artillery and infantry were even more deadly upon the foe. Thomas' columns held their ground; the fight went on with great fury, until, finally, the Confed erates wavered, gave way, and retreated again, our exulting soldiers following them, capturing two of their batteries, and turning them upon the rebels, and recapturing three Federal guns lost near the opening of the battle. Our success at the left obliged the enemy to make a diver sion by attacking our centre. They came on in great numbers, and with exceeding fury, struck and overlapped Van Cleve's division, which fell back in disorder, their commander report ing that he could not control them. Brigadier General Hazen then came to our rescue. He collected all the artillery (some twenty guns) within his reach, posted it hurriedly, rallied some of the flying infantry, and had not time to get into line before the enemy dashed upon him. But those twenty guns were BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 679 handled in a masterly manner ; the enemy was checked, and a victory snatched from the rebel hands, which, gained by them then, would have prevented a battle the. next day. It was now nearly night, and the contest for that day was closed, except another fierce attack, at dusk, upon Johnson and Baird, farther to the left, in which the foe were again repulsed. The night that followed was one of anxiety and preparation for a renewal of the conflict the next day. The disposition of the Federal troops on the morning of the 20th was as follows : first, beginning at the left, was Baird's division, of Thomas' corps ; next Johnson's, of McCook's corps ; then Palmer's, of Crittenden's ; then Reynold's, Brannan's, and Negley's, of Thomas' corps. Brannan had been removed the night previ ous to aid the centre. Next came Sheridan's and Davis' division, of McCook's corps ; and in reserve were Wood's and Van Cleve's divisions, of Crittenden's corps. The morning had advanced to half-past nine when the enemy attacked Baird's division at our left, and gradually extended their attack toward our right. Baird held his ground for a time, but then gave way, when Willich's brigade, in reserve, moved to his support, and recovered what had been lost. As the wave of battle rolled toward the right, it dashed vainly upon Palmer's and Reynold's divisions, whose breast-works of rails and logs, erected the night previous, were a servicable protection. But the foe were determined to break that line, and dashed division after division against it, bringing forward fresh troops and making renewed assaults for two whole hours. Still the brave Federals stood, and could not be repulsed. But when General Baird's division gave way at the earlier part of the battle, General Rosecrans ordered Negley to move his division to the support of the left. And hearing from Captain Kellogg,. Thomas' messenger, that General Brannan was out of line, General Rosecrans (as he himself claims) ordered Wood to close upon Reynolds, thus filling the vacancy caused by the removal of Negley, and the supposed wrong position of Bran nan. But Wood, finding Brannan in line, went in his rear to Reynold's support. Wood's skirmishers were already en gaged with the enemy in front before he left the line, but as the order was positive he moved, supposing that the gap made would be immediately filled by closing up from the right. 680 WISCONSIN IN. THE WAR. That gap was filled by the enemy, and then commenced the great misfortune of the day. The rebels surged through the interval, struck Davis' division in flank and rear, threw them into confusion and retreat ; then fell upon Sheridan, who was moving to the support of the left, in the same way. He made a gallant and protracted resistance, but was forced back in disorder, though rallying his men afterward, and going to Thomas' support. Brannan's division was also attacked on the flank, and his, with Van Cleve's division, were driven rapidly and confusedly back, the latter never being reformed on the field. Wood was attacked by the exulting foe, while moving his division, but withstood them for a time, sent Harker's brigade on a charge against them, and then fell back to a bridge, which he held. Thither Brannan was also forced, and there reformed his division, and his and Wood's troops were all that were left of the right wing of the army. A por tion of the centre was also gone.. Great numbers, seeing no hope in their utter confusion, went streaming back into Chatta nooga, taking , Generals McCook and Crittenden with them, and also General Rosecrans, who says that he went to send ammunition and supplies, if we held our ground, and to secure the pontoon bridges, and prepare for a withdrawal of the whole army, if that became necessary. The battle went on with the troops : that remained, under General Thomas. But the enemy discovered a gap in the hills, through which Longstreet began to pour a heavy force to the rear of our brave men that remained upon the field. Oppor tunely, General Granger had just arrived, having marched a long way to the sound of cannon, and he sent Steedman's division, who repulsed the foe with great slaughter.. Thomas' ammunition was reduced to two or three rounds to a man ; Steedman gave them a small supply ; Baird's division at the left received another attack, but at nightfall the conflict closed, and Thomas fell back to Rossville. Such is an outline of the battle. The First, Tenth, and Twenty-first Wisconsin Infantry shared the fortunes and general success of Baird's division. On the morning of the 19th the First was at the left of Wilder's brigade, at the cross roads. At ten o'clock they moved to the BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 681 support of the first and third brigades of their division, and soon were sent to the support of Croxton, who opened the battle. They had no sooner obtained their position than they were attacked by so large a force as to be compelled to retire, abandoning two pieces of artillery. At the same time the rebels were attacked on the flank and rear by other troops, thrown into confusion, and driven from the field, and the two guns were recovered. The regiment subsequently assisted in supporting General Johnson's division. At evening they were sent to support the first line, whose ammunition was failing. During the movement the brigades became confused, and one of them opened lire on General Starkweather's, supposing it to be the enemy. Thus attacked by friend and foe, the brigade was compelled to lall back, after which they reformed, and soon bivouacked in a field on the left of General Johnston's ammunition train. At three in the morning, on the 20th, the brigade took position upon a ridge, and threw up barricades of trees and logs. This position was held nearly all day, until they were ordered to withdraw to Chattanooga. On approach ing the town, the order was countermanded, and they marched back to the front, where they remained until the 22d, at which date, covering the retreat of the army, they fell back to Chatta nooga. " The Regiment lost in these battles twenty-five killed, ninety-one wounded, and eighty-four missing." Reverend John MeNamara, Chaplain of the First, says, '* At Perryville the regiment lost, on the line, every second man in the regiment killed or wounded. At Chickamauga eighty per cent of the regiment was killed, wounded, or taken prisoners. Five officers were killed, five wonuded. and three taken prisoners. The color sergeant was killed : the next taking the colors was wounded in three places. Lieutenant H. O. Montague grasped the colors and handed them to John Bradly, the cook of Com pany E, who swung his coffee pot in one hand, and the colors in the other, exclaiming under a murderous fire, c Rally around this flag, boys.' '; Referring to the same fearful engagement on the morning of the 19th, Lieutenant H. O. Montague, in command of the color company, says, " Our men, killed and wounded, covered the ground One of my color sergeants was killed, and another wounded, and the color guard were nearly 682 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. all killed or wounded. It was here that Captain Heald, Cap tain William Mitchell, Lieutenant Searles, and the brave color Bergeant, John Sherman, fell. Our colors were lying on the ground. I seized one stand, a corporal of Company H seized the other, and we carried them until that engagement closed." Lieutenant Montague says of Granger's arrival : " These troops gallantly charged the enemy, drove them back, and thereby saved us from Andersonville or death." When the battle closed, Lieutenant Montague had only eight men left in his company. Two were missing ; all the rest killed or wounded. The same lieutenant says of General Starkweather, " He staid right with us all through the battle. Frequently in the front line, his tall form the mark of many a bullet, he escaped with a slight wound." Of Lieutenant Colonel G. B. Bingham he says, " I saw him standing at Chickamauga where the bullets seemed to fill every square foot of space, cheering on his men, apparently unconcerned about .his own safety. I don't know how he escaped, but they did not hit him, and the regiment thanked God for his preservation." The Twenty-first, in the same brigade, took position, on the 19th, near one of the gaps at Mission Ridge, and in front of one of the fords of the Chickamauga. Their division moved upon the enemy, the Twenty-first in the reserve. The rebel line in front being swept away by the charge of the division, a large rebel force proved to be upon the right, which, finding itself outflanked, changed front, and came upon the right and rear of the division. " The brigade," says "Colonel Fitch, " was massed in regiments (the Twenty-first being the third regiment in the column), and was marching by the right flank, when suddenly they were attacked most furiously. It being impossible to fire in this formation, or to deploy before the rebels could charge upon them, there was nothing to do but to fall back beyond range of the rebel fire, and form a line that would be effective." " On the 20th, the first division occupied the extreme left of the line, the Twenty-first being near the right of the division. The fighting continued all day with a vigor that ebbed and flowed. That part of the line in which the Twenty-first was stationed never faltered during the whole day, but often the second line would have to face about and "^^aaN-EHifflwiHO CoXHp»aO- s^> /£?/^3*^ M^ *2-»-»-fc_^ COL-G.B.BINGHAM . lst.Wis.In.fty. ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY FOHWISCONSIH IN THE "WAR OF.THE REBELLION'- BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 683 drive away the rebels from the rear. Near sundown, when the order was to retreat, the enemy on this front was at that moment being driven back. But the right of the army had been over powered, and to save the left from capture, a retreat was ordered. The Twenty-first, however, did not receive the order, and not until they saw the regiments around them moving to the rear, did they fall back, and then only to the second line of works, where, still fighting, surrounded by the enemy, Lieutenant Colonel Hobart, and about seventy officers and men, were captured. The following officers were wounded in the engagement : Cap tain Weisbrod, of Company A; First Lieutenant Hiram Russell, of Company B; First Lieutenant K. M. Adams, of Company A, and Second Lieutenant G. Jaeger, of Company I. Seven men were killed and twenty-nine wounded." The flag of the regi ment, the last of the fourteenth corps, and its gallant bearer, remained in front until captured. The Tenth Infantry joined their division on the morning of the 19th, in the attack and pursuit of the rebels, and were soon ordered to the front line, where they became hotly engaged, and held their position for some time, but ultimately, their right being turned, gave way before overwhelming numbers. In the afternoon they were again placed in front, and retired at evening. On the 20th, the regiment, at daylight, was posted as^support to the balance of the brigade. They held that position till ten o'clock, when the enemy charged fiercely upon the brigade, and the regiment was instantly ordered up. They repulsed the attack, though they held the position but a short time, for the enemy had turned the left of the division, and was already advancing through the woods in that direction. They were now ordered to the left, and here, associated with other troops, engaged the enemy and drove him back. During all that afternoon the firing was heavy in their part of the line. The Tenth kept its place until night, when the troops on their right and rear gave way, and left the regiment exposed to a terrible fire from three different quarters, and they were com pelled to withdraw. Being on the left, and not being aware of the presence of the enemy in that direction, the regiment, in falling back, came directly into the rebel lines, and in con sequence, lost many officers and men. The few that were left 684 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. were rescued by being brought off with the remainder of the brigade. In this battle the regiment lost eighteen killed, fifty-six wounded, and one hundred and thirty-two missing, most of the latter by capture. There were left of the regi ment the next morning, only three officers and twenty-six men. The Fifteenth Regiment joined the main part of the army, near Chickamauga Creek,' on the 18th. The next morning, at eight o'clock, they were in motion, and soon after noon were hurried forward at a double-quick into line of battle, to fill a gap through which the rebels were striving to pass arid cut our army in two. Colonel Heg's brigade was formed in two lines, the Eighth Kansas and Fifteenth Wisconsin in front, the latter having the right. They were at once pushed forward through dense underbrush, and had not advanced more than fifty yards, when they met and drove in the rebel skirmishers. Still advancing, they encountered a heavy fire from the enemy's main line. After a severe fight, the Eighth Kansas wavered, and left the Fifteenth unsupported, who were soon compelled to fall back also, bearing with them most of their wounded. Captain Johnson, of Company A, was killed in this action. An Illinois regiment was now sent forward, with the Fifteenth for its support. Another line was formed at the same time in rear of the Fifteenth. After a short but hard struggle, the Blinois regiment was forced back and retreated over the Fif teenth, which was lying down. The regiment now became hotly engaged. The troops in the line in their rear, supposing that the. regiment which had fallen back was the last of the Federals in front, opened fire upon the Fifteenth. Thus, placed between the fire of friends and foes, there was no al ternative, except to break up the regiment and escape as they could. The enemy now attacked and routed the rear line, continuing the pursuit across a field, where the Federals rallied, reformed, and checked the elated foe.- The regiment was not organized again that day, but the men in detachments joined other commands near them and remained on the field. At night, Lieutenant Colonel Johnson collected his scattered men. Colonel Heg was throughout the day intensely active in en couraging his brigade, and himself set an example of heroic valor. He was wounded by a shot in the bowels, near the the close of the day, and died in the field hospital on the 20th. BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 685 The regiment was called up next morning at three o'clock, and placed in a commanding position on the Chattanooga road, to the right, and in reserve. Their brigade was now com manded by Colonel Martin, of the Eighth Kansas. At ten o'clock in the morning, the battle commenced, with terrible fury. The brigade was ordered to fill the gap made by the withdrawal of General Wood. Hardly had they got into line, before they were hotly attacked. The men, protected by rude defences of logs and rails,_ twice repulsed the rebels with great slaughter, after which, both flanks being turned, they still held, out, hoping for reinforcements, until nearly surrounded, when they broke and attempted to save themselves. They were the last to leave their position. Many were captured, including Lieutenant Colonel Johnson. All efforts to rally the men near the Chattanooga road proving fruitless, the retreat was con tinued a mile, when a tenable position was reached, and the- scattered men of all regiments were gathered and consolidated. into one force. They held a position here until five o'clock, in the afternoon, when they were ordered three miles further to the rear, where they bivouacked for the night, and the frag-. ments of the regiment were brought together. Their total loss in these two days was one hundred and one, of whom. eleven were killed and thirty-seven wounded. There were but seventy-five men left for duty. On the 21st, they were rejoined by Companies G and I, which had been stationed at Island Number Ten since June, 1862. They threw up breast-works of rails and logs, and re mained unmolested until ten o'clock at night, when the order was given to proceed to Chattanooga. On the morning of the 19th, the Twenty-fourth regiment (says Major Von Baumback's official report) marched from camp, near Pout's Spring, at eleven o'clock, under command of Lieutenant Colonel T. S. West, to a short distance beyond Gordon's Mill, where it was formed into line on the right of the Chattanooga road, and fronting Chickamauga Creek, the right resting on the barricades built by General Wood's divi sion the previous night; this regiment and the Thirty-sixth Illinois forming the- first line, and the Eighty-eighth Illinois and the Twenty-first Michigan the second.. The enemy 686 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. soon opened on them with one piece of artillery, but without effect. They remained in the position until shortly after dark, when they were ordered one hundred paces to the rear, into the edge of a piece of timber, where they bivouacked for the night. At three o'clock on the morning of the 20th, they marched on the rear of the Eleventh Indiana Battery, down the Chattanooga road to Lee's Hill, where they formed in the second line, to the right and rear of the widow Glenn's house (General Rosecrans' former headquarters). At half-past ten in the morning, they moved a quarter of a mile farther down the Chattanooga road at the double quick, and formed on the right of the road facing the Chickamauga Creek, under a terrific fire, their right resting on the Twenty-first Michigan, and the left on the Thirty-sixth Illinois. Here they fought for nearly half an hour, driving the enemy entirely from their front. Their brigade commander, General Lytle, was here killed. About that time the enemy moved a heavy column upon their left flank, the regiment on their left having given way. They were thus exposed to a severe enfilading fire. The two left companies were swung round to the rear, and poured an effective fire into the enemy's ranks; but they still moved up in overwhelming numbers, forcing the regiment, at last, to give way and retreat in some disorder. They quickly reformed on a hill some four hundred yards to the the rear, and moved with the rest of the brigade to Rossville, and bivouacked for the night. On the morning of the 21st, they moved to the front and took position in line, where they threw up breast works, and occupied them until about one o'clock on the morning of the 22d, when they fell back to Chattanooga. The total loss of the regiment in this engagement in killed, wounded,_ and missing, was one hundred and five, of whom* eighteen were killed, and sixty-one wounded. Among the wounded was Captain Gustavus Goldsmith, of Company H, who died of the wound received. Our army being compelled to fall back to Chattanooga, leaving most of the wounded on the field, they suffered intensely, many of them remaining where they were shot, without food or water, for five days and six nights, and in some cases a longer period. Among the captured was Lieutenant Colonel West. He BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 687 was stunned by the explosion of a shell, while retiring from the . field on the 20th, and his left hip temporarily paralyzed, in which situation he was taken prisoner. The First Wisconsin Cavalry arrived at Crawfish Springs the afternoon of the 19th of September, having encountered a force of the enemy, while upon the march that day, lying in ambush, with the intent of cutting off the train after the main body had passed. The regiment, aided by Colonel Wilder's men, defeated the attempt, after a sharp firing of fifteen minutes, in which Company G had one man wounded. On the 20th they were actively engaged with the cavalry in hold ing the extreme right, near Crawfish Springs, and covering the retreat of the train, until ordered, near sundown, to follow the army toward Chattanooga. Marching until late at night, followed by the enemy, they encamped seven miles from Chattanooga, and rested a few hours. Early on the 21st, they were ordered into line in the woods and remained there, en gaged in desultory skirmishing, through the day. At two in the morning on the 22d, they noiselessly led their horses into column, and fell back to Chattanooga, and in the afternoon forded the Tennessee immediately below the town, while being shelled by a rebel battery which had already been planted close to the town. The Third Wisconsin Battery, on the 19th, held a position on the extreme left of the enemy. The next day it acted as support to General Davis' division. In company with the Fifteenth Wisconsin Regiment, it attempted to hold the posi tion which had been much weakened by the withdrawal of Wood's division ; but was driven from the field by overwhelm ing numbers, and obliged to leave five of six guns behind. It also lost thirty-three horses, and had twenty-six men killed, wounded, and missing. Of these, sixteen were wounded, and two of them afterward died. The Fifth Battery, of McCook's corps, took position, with the cavalry corps, at Crawfish Springs, between Mitchell's cavalry and Thomas' corps, in the forenoon of the 20th, having per formed duty on the march to that point as rear guard. The enemy having on that day got between them and the infantry, they fell back with the cavalry toward Chattanooga. While WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. approaching Chattanooga on the morning of the 22d, the enemy opened on the column, and this battery replied, silenc ing the rebel pieces and protecting the cavalry column in its march to the inside of the works of that place. The Eighth Battery advanced to the field byway of Stevens' Gap ; were in position early on the 19th ; took a part in the battle that day, and on the 22d retired to Chattanooga. The Union loss in this battle, according to Halleck's report, was 1,644 killed, 9,262 wounded, and 4,945 missing. Adding 500 cavalry, the total was 16,351. Bragg reported a total loss of 18,999. When Colonel Hobart was captured, he fell into the hands of General Cleburn, who complimented the Western Union troops for their fighting. One of Longstreet's aids said, " These fellows at the West don't fight us as they do at the East. There; when we get them running, they keep going; but here, they run and then turn round and fight again." Colonel Hobart and Lieutenant Colonel West, of the Twenty-fourth, were sent to Libby prison, from which they subsequently escaped through the celebrated tunnel out of that Bastile. The lamented Colonel Heg was among the dead. General McCook mentions his name with special honor in his report; Among the fallen was Deacon Joseph Breed, corporal of Company H, First Regiment, aged fifty-six years. He entered the army at his advanced age from the purest Christian patriot ism, and with the hope of exerting a Christian influence in his company. His father fought for freedom at Bunker (Breed's) Hill and during the war of the revolution. His grandfather was patriot surgeon in the same war. Deacon Breed, on the morning of the 20th, had crawled about on his hands and knees, in a dangerous position behind the rude breast-works, to prepare breakfast for his comrades. That finished, to the great gratification of the weary soldiers, he returned to his gun, and mourning over the sufferings of the wounded about him, he was expecting permission to go to their relief. But constant in duty, he was loading and firing as the enemy approached within twenty yards of his company, and at that instant was pierced by a bullet and killed. He had maintained a consistent Christian course in the army, and for him to die was gain. His BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA. 689 body was left on the field unburied. Some time after, when our forces again took possession of the ground, and search was made for the bodies of Union soldiers, a mound of earth was found where he was left, and by the side of it an envelope with his name and a tract, one that he had carried for distribution. John Jewett, son *of Doctor Jewett, the noted temper ance lecturer, was a member of Company C, Tenth Regiment, and fell in this battle. He was a noble young man. He made a profession of religion a few months before he enlisted, and carried his religion into camp. He never omitted to read a chapter in his Bible for a single day. Even when on a march or engaged in battle, he would find time to both read and pray. He was strictly temperate, not even using tobacco in any form, and during the, two years of his service his health was uniformly good. He never shirked his duty ; was always at his post. At the time of his death a lieutenant's commis sion in the Fifth-fourth Massachusetts Colored Regiment, was on its way to him — an honor well deserved. The names of the -wounded were : Fiest Regiment. Company A — Sergt. G. H. Buekstaff, Privates Peter Greely, Charles McGuire, Thomas MoMuIlen, Ed. D. Fuller. Company B— Sergt. Henry Martin, Private John Fitzgerald. Company G— Privates James Wilson, Eugene Scherer, Charles Sutton, Henry Burns, Ernest Timme, Ferdinand Vonderbeck. Company D — Corp.- Benjamin Prevo, Privates Thomas Bray, William Taylor, Chas. Waldron, Robert Trumble, Darius Stanley, Will. Packard, W. H. Wicher, Charles Keltner. Gompany .E— Capt. Donald C. McVean, 2d Lt. Benjamin F. Teets, Sergts. Charles Chappel, R. W. York, Darwin B. Moore, Corp. Charles C. Kimble, Privs. John M. Eastman, George Beebe, and 0. A. Osgood, in five places. Gompany F— 2d Lt. S. W. Button, Corps. Geo. W. Freeman, James Smith, Patrick H. Van Mater, Charles A. Houston, Privates George W. Casson, John Cowley, James Gilroy, Thos. O'Connor, Wm. W. Hutchinson, George W. Babcock, M. B. Cowles, Jacob Brandt, Leonard Wilber, Duncan McKenzie. Company G— Sergts. Z. T. Pierce, A. S. Gardner, Privates Nicholas Zemmer, L. E. Knowle's, William Jacques, L. Jameson, Henry P. Christman, George W. Lawton, Henry Sneider. Company H— Sergts. H. E. Wood, W. B. Lyman (died), Corps. Ed.( E. Rounsville, W. H. Richardson, Privates Jacob Komlis, Reuben Farver, Ch'arles E. Pierce, Henry Wedderford, Matthew Demaster, Henry Hartman, William H. Wilder. Company I—2A Lt. Sylvester Colwell, Sergt. Arthur Tibbetts, Corp. William Rowe, Privates Clark Arnold, Wiltse Brown, Horace Tibbetts, William Rogers, Stephen V. Preston, Charles Peck. Company K — Capt. Thomas M. Greene, Corp. John J. Orvis, Privates Henry Bernt, George Stewart — 19. Tenth Regiment. Sergt. Major William C. Darrow. Company A — Corps. E. P. Sterling, Robert Hall, Privates George Spurr, M. Melville. Company B — 1st Sergt. John A. Barney, Sergts. J. W. Tidyman, H. Juneau, Corp. W. Darrow, Privates John Bergess, A. Herrick. Gompany G — 1st Sergt. M. L. Jenkins, Corps. H. Plum mer, Thos. Roback, Privates Wm. Baker, F. Bauer. Company I) — Corp. George Clark, Private W. Thompson. Company E — Lt. Robt. Roach, Sergt. Karl Kreible, Privates William Sharp, 0. F. Smith, James Ryan, A. H. Wright, M. Shoemaker, 0. R. Howe, James Paddock. Company .F— Corp. S. Harklerood, Privates A. S. 44 690 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Tarcott, -E. M. Donnell, J. E. Strong, J. J. Crosby, B. P. Taft. Company G — Corp.-1 Edw-ard Count.' Company R— Privates J. Collins, William Harding, J. Mc- Ginnis, F. Sallender— 38. Fifteenth Regiment. -. Field Officer Major George Wilson. Company A — Sergt. Amand Getterson, Privates Christian- M. Johnson, Amund Olson, Hubbard Ham mock. Company B — Sergt. A. J. TTrnces, Privates' Nils Anderson, Osten Knudeon, Hans Lageson,. Jacob Jacobson, John Inglestad. , Company G — Sergts. Christian Hyer, John. Landsworth, Corp. James Overson, Privates Peter Anderson, Torstun Hendrickson, Basmus Jensen, Hans C. Sorenson; CarllSobjomson. Company JD — Lt. C. E. Tanberg, Sergt. Ole M. Bendixen, Privates Thomas Thompson, Anders Amundson. Gompany E — Privates John H. Stokke, Anson Kjellevig, Nils Hanson. Company. F— Sergt. ¦¦Ole' Bj Johnson, Privates Ole W. Virgin, Torkel Torgersom Company R—Govp. Nels J. Eide, Privs. Ole L. Hangnoes, Sam Samson. Company /—Capt. August Gaseman, in charge of Company D at the time. Company E — Sergts. Ellend Erickson, Lars. A. Larson, Privates : Haagen Geterson, Ole Olson, Ole Johnson — 38. Twenty-first Regiment. Company, A— 1st Lt. A. M. Adams, Corp. W. Mars, Privs. L. Richards, I. Washburne. Company B — 1st Lt. Hiram Russell. Company C — Privates Benjamin Gould, William W. Smith, William Wrands, Michael Keenan. Company D — Corp. McKendry Ranson, Privs. M.' Hammond, C. Buck, J. Schrockey. Company E — Capt. R. H. Wiesbrod, Privates William Welsh, George L. Baggs, E. Schooner. Company F — Privates Gerry Lewis, Andrew Barr. Company G— Corp. H. S. Eldred, Privates J. W. Graves, A. 'C. Quimby. Company i?— Private Fred. R.hcer. Company 1 — 2d Lt. Gub. Joeger, Corp. F* Pearse, Privs. H, W. Kellogg, S. D. Roberts, J. Robinson, William Williams. Company E — Privates Albert Wright, Asahel F. Hane, Homer L. Bacon — 32. Twenty-fourth Regiment. Field Officer, Lt. Col. T. S. West. Company A — Musician C. P. Hager, Sergts. Millard B. Coburn, Thomas A. Conway, Corps. Thos. J. Thrisk, Edwin B. Bemis, George C. Groff, Privates William H. McDonald, D. Orem, Henry H.-Belden,- Richard Corgan, Abram Carman, Fred. A. Reno, Corbett J. Woodward, Wm. C. Schwarteberg, Alex. Yessen, Chas. A. Smith, Geo. Marsh, Darwin C. Merrill. Company B — Sergt. Henry G. Rogers, Corp. William H. Part ridge, Private Julian Carlisle. Company G — Corp, Robt. Schott. Company D — Sergts. E. H. Bramhall (lost arm), J. D. Flaherty, Corps. E. Glenn, D. D. Good rich, Privates Thos. Hickey, James F. Mills, John E. Garvin, John B. Gardner, Michael Neary, Daniel Butler, Samuel Burke, Edmond Moore. Company E — Privs. James Harney, Adam Schurne, Fred. Evert, Charles D. Watson. Company F — Corp. Joseph New, Privates John H. Hickman, Francis N. Lawrence. Company G — Sergt. Michael Greany, Corporals Robert Taylor, Matthew E. McQuirk, Thos. Tighe, Privates Michael Monegan, Godfrey Guyler, Charles Truax, John A. Patter son. Company R — Corps. William Bold, James Mangan, Privates J. C. Jonanson, Thomas Burns. Company /—Capt. Fred. A. Root, Lt. Robt. J. Chivas (mortally), Sergts. Geo. Haywood, Henry A. Reed, Private Jacob Felter. Company .2— Sergt. Rinaldo Wentworth, Private John Hafer — 61. Third Battery. Sergt. Gasherie Decker, Corp. Ira Smith, Privates T. S. Fes- senden, H. H. G. Bradt, David S. Bedal, Edw. Kanouse, Chas. W. Hubbard, Peter Foreman, Thos. Ruhdle, Henry Weymarth, 0. W. Martin, L. W. Lusted, Maurice Scanlan, H. D. Stevens'— 14. CHAPTEE III. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN AND MISSIONAEY E1DGE. THE FIRST, TENTH, FIFTEENTH, EIGHTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, TWENTY-FOVRTH, AND TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, AND SIXTH AND EIGHTH BATTERIES. GRANT IN COMMAND, BATTLE OF WAU- HATCHIE, CAPTURE OP ORCHARD KNOB, POSITIONS OP THOMAS, SHER MAN, AND. HOOKER, — BATTLE, — Storming of the Ridge, — WISCONSIN TROOPS, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. On the 23rd of October, General Grant arrived at Chattanooga, and took command. The army had been greatly suffering for want of supplies. As indicative of its wants, when Grant telegraphed to Thomas, October 19th, to hold Chattanooga at all hazards, Thomas replied, " I will hold the town till we starve." Grant saw that the Tennessee must be opened below Chattanooga. General W. F. Smith, the chief engineer, con ceived the brilliant plan to proceed down the river, by night, to Brown's Ferry, six miles below, and taking possession of both sides, throw across a pontoon bridge, and seize the hills at the foot of Lookout Valley. On the night of the 27th of October, and the morning of the 28th, he, with General Hazen, and 4,000 troops, accomplished this design, to the great astonishment of the enemy. In accordance with the general plan, General Hooker, on the 28th, marched his army, the eleventh and a part of the twelfth corps, from Bridgeport, across the river, into the Look out Valley, and took position at Wauhatchie. During the following night, Longstreet, with two divisions, made an at tack on Geary's division, a portion of Hooker's force, and a severe night battle ensued. Howard, with General Schurz for one division commander, moved his forces to the aid of Geary, 692 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and after three hours' fighting, and a brilliant charge up a mountain side, by Colonel Orland Smith's brigade, the enemy was defeated, with a loss of 1,500, while the Union troops moved still farther forward, and seized the remaining crests on the west side of Lookout Creek. Thus, control of- both sides of the Tennessee was obtained, and two good parallel roads were opened for the transportation of supplies, in place of the old and laborious route across the mountains. The enemy's design to starve us out of Chattanooga was defeated. Soon after, General Bragg sent Longstreet with a large force to attack Burnside at Knoxville, with the design of thus drawing off a portion of Grant's army from Chattanooga, to protect Burnside. But Grant at once determined to dislodge Bragg's weakened forces from Lookout Mountain and Mission ary Ridge, and then go to the assistance of our forces atKDOx- ville. Sherman and his army were hurried forward from Vicksburg. On the afternoon of November 23rd, Thomas, with Wood, Howard, Sheridan, Palmer, and their forces, moved out from Chattanooga towards Orchard Knob, a peak at the north of Missionary Ridge. Wood's division being in the advance, when he reached the foot of the peak he ordered a charge. The rebel pickets had fled before them, their rifle-pits at the base of the Knob they deserted on the approach of our deter mined troops, and when the brave men rushed up the sides of the peak, the enemy in terror broke and fled along the slopes of the mountain beyond. On the peak our forces intrenched themselves, brought up a heavy battery, and passed the night. On that same night, or at one o'clock on the morning of .the 24th, Sherman began to move his forces to the south or east side of the Tennessee, and in the afternoon of that day he was posted at the north end of Missionary Ridge, near Thomas' troops. Next, Hooker, on the same day, climbed the western side of Lookout Mountain, drove the enemy from the northern slope, and captured many prisoners. That day, Tuesday, the 24th, was cloudy and rainy. But at night the moon broke forth, and inspired the Federal forces for their next day's work. Thomas now occupied our centre, BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. - 693 on Orchard Knob and around it; Sherman our left, and Hooker our right. The enemy were so strongly posted on the top of Missionary Ridge as almost to bid defiance. Wednesday morning, November 25th, Sherman commenced his movement southward towards the enemy, General Corse marching his forces along the top of the narrow ridge, while others moved in the same direction at its base, on both the east and west side. At ten o'clock, the fight was furious. General Corse and many others were wounded and carried from the field, but the Federals, as Sherman says, " engaged in a close struggle all day, persistently, stubbornly, and well." But the object was not to take the mountain from that direc tion, but to draw a large part of the enemy to that point. On the same morning Hooker set out from Lookout Moun tain toward Rossville, driving the enemy before him down its eastern declivity, and across the valley toward the ascent of Mission Ridge at our right. He was detained three hours to build a bridge across the Chattanooga Creek, but at half-past three in the afternoon was approaching on the Rossville road. That approach was to be the sign for Thomas' corps to move. At twenty minutes to four o'clock six signal guns were fired, and the long-waiting, ardent troops, leap forth first to carry the rifle-pits at the foot of Missionary Ridge. Wood's and Sheridan's skirmishers take the advance. Baird's division, embracing the First, Tenth, and Twenty-first Wisconsin, moves at the left of Wood, and Johnson on the right of Sheridan. As they come to the base of the mountain, the rebel pickets swarm out of their rifle-pits in great amazement and flee before them. As yet no word of command had been given to go beyond the base, but they stop not for orders. A few moments they delay to reform, and then startup the ascent. Front and enfilading shot, from musketry and fifty cannon, are plunging down upon them ; some fall, the rest press dauntlessly on ; they clamber up the side, leaping ditches, jumping logs, advancing in zigzag lines, rushing over all obstacles, dodging, if they can, the missiles of heavy stone thrown upon them by the rebels, and thrusting aside their bayonets, until they reach the top, beat back the enemy, and take the ridge. Then go up tremendous shouts of joy, which are echoed back from every 694 • WISCONSIN" IN THE WAR. loyal household of the land. The enemy retreat, the Federals pursue ; the rebels concentrate at Ringgold, a battle follows, and the pursuit is discontinued. We took thirty-five out of forty^four cannon on the ridge,. and nearly as many more the next day, and 7,000 small arms. The enemy's loss in killed, wounded, and missing, was about 15,000. The Union loss was 4,000 killed and wounded. The First and Twenty-first Infantry, in this battle, were held as a reserve, and suffered no loss. They joined in the pursuit of the enemy to Stevens' Gap, after which they returned to Chattanooga. The Tenth Infantry acted as support to Loomis' Battery in this action, and afterward returned to camp at Chattanooga. The Fifteenth Infantry moved out of Fort Wood, at Chatta nooga, under command of Captain Gordon, on the 23rd of November, to engage in the assault. On the 24th they, with the Thirty-second Indiana, were engaged in skirmishing, and were the first to occupy Orchard Knob. On the 25th, the whole fine advanced with yells and cheers, this regiment among the rest. It suffered a loss of six wounded during that terrible assault. The Eighteenth Infantry having arrived with General Sherman's army from Memphis within striking distance of Mission Ridge, crossed the Tennessee at midnight on the 24th of November, and took part in the battle which Sherman's army waged the following day. After the rebels were defeated, this regiment joined in the pursuit to Grays- ville, Georgia. On the 28th they returned to Chattanooga. The Twenty-fourth Infantry broke camp at two o'clock in the afternoon of the 23rd, and took position in line of battle on the left of the Dalton road, near Chattanooga. Remaining here until half-past two the next morning, they then moved half a mile to the left. At four o'clock on the afternoon of the 25th, they joined in' storming the ridge. The regiment advanced in fine order, part of the way on the double quick. Having taken the first line of defences near the base, there was a halt of five minutes to rest, after which the ascent was commenced under a deadly fire from the summit. The fight ing was severe, but owing to the formation of the ground the WISCONSIN TROOPS AT MISSION RIDGE. 695 men were able to screen themselves partially, from the deadly volleys which were hurled at them every step as they advanced. During the ascent they were several times condpelled to halt from exhaustion, but at length, after much' severe fight ing, succeeded in carrying the enemy's position at the crest of the ridge. Having remained about four hours in the cap tured works, they marched down the opposite side of "the ridge a distance of two miles and a half, where they halted during the night. The next morning, at ten o'clock, they marched three miles to Chickamauga, and thence to Chattanooga, where they went into camp, and soon after to Knoxville. Their loss was five killed and thirty wounded. The brave officers, Cap tain Howard Green, and Lieutenant Robert J. Chivas, were among the killed, and Captain Richard H. Austin, and Lieuten ant Thomas E. Balding, were severely wounded while nobly leading on their men. The gallant adj utant, Arthur McArthur, Jr., seized the flag when the color bearer was 'exhausted, and bore it in front of the regiment, encouraging thes men to follow him up the ridge. The Twenty-sixth Regiment, in Hooker's wing of- the army, and recently from the Army of the Potomac', was held in reserve on the 23rd, as support' to the first line. 'On the 24th, they were temporarily detached from their brigade, and advanced in the front line against the rebel skirmishers, steadily forcingr them back during the day. Early on the 25th, they rejoined the brigade and marched around Mission Ridge, taking position, to guard 'against a flank attack, on the extreme left of the army, near Chickamauga Creek. On the morning of the 26th they started in pursuit of the enemy. On the 28th they returned to Parker's Gap, and prepared for1 an expedition to Knoxville. No loss reported. The Sixth Battery participated in this battle, crossing the Tennessee River on the 24th of November, and planting two guns on a portion of the ridge during- the night- of that day; In the assault of the 25th ¦ they were engaged, but suffered no loss. The following day they moved in pursuit as far as Graysville, Georgia," and on the 29th returned to Chattanooga, where they turned over their guns, as unserviceable, to the Ordnance Department. The Eighth Battery were also engaged WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. at Mission Ridge. The correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette spoke of their playing with excellent effect on the rebels when Geary scaled Lookout Mountain, on the 24th. They soon after moved to Nashville. Captain Howard Green fell while ' cheering on his men in the assault, and was greatly mourned by his regiment, and at his home. Among the Wisconsin dead was Robert J. Chivas, first lieutenant, Company I, Twenty-fourth Infantry. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, and when sixteen years of age he became so fascinated by the accounts he read and heard of the growing, active, youthful West, that he decided to cast his lot where there was such an inviting field for noble effort and lofty endeavor. He came to Milwaukee in the fall of 1858, where he had the brightest material prospects, and was active and beloved in the church, the Sabbath school, and the Young Men's Christian Association. When the war broke out he was but nineteen years of age, had not become an American citizen, and was under no legal allegiance that might call him to the army. It was in the spirit of his God-fearing, liberty- loving ancestors, and in remembrance of his native land, "every valley of which has echoed the cry of the dying martyr, and every stream run red with the patriots' blood," that he girded on his sword, and went forth to battle for the Union, uberty, and right. He fought at Perryville, Stone River, and Chickamauga, and in the gloomiest days of those dreary, weary marches through Kentucky and Tennessee, was always happy, and never failed by his cheery voice to quicken the spirits of his comrades. At Mission Ridge he had just stopped to bind up the wound of a comrade, and then leading his men up the steep ascent, " waving his sword above his head, and shouting brave words of encouragement," he was struck to the heart by a bullet, and fell dead. His dust sleeps in " Forest Home," and his tomb-stone bears the words, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, and Mission Ridge ; also the national emblems of Sootland and America — the thistle and eagle — while rest ing on the folds of the flag, for the defence of which they were worn, are the sword and cap of the Union soldier. BATTLE OF MISSION RIDGE. 697 The wounded of the Twenty-fourth Regiment were as follows : Company A — Capt. Richard Austin, Lt. Thomas E. Balding, Priv. Robert Ackrill. Company B — Sergt. William E. Trowbridge, Privs. Michael Brodrick, Michael Welsh, Charles Maschey, August Leichnitz. Company G — Sergeant William Hauke, Corp. Rourth. Company D — Corp. Jacob Rogers, Private Edward Moore. Company E — Privs. Geo. H. Moore, Milton Putney, P. Metinges. Frederick Hoft, William Crammon. Company F — Sergt. Felix McSorley, Privre Edward Bennett, William Dotan. Edward Ryan. Company & — Privs. Eugen, Webber, Herrman Allen. Company R— Privs. Arnold Boyd, James Duffy, Thos. Sexton, Ernst Keisse. Company /—Priv. Henry Ants. Company K— Privs. Fred. W. Waddle, Issaac Place — 30. CHAPTER IY. SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN TO ATLANTA. THE FIRST, THIRD, TENTH, TWELFTH, FIFTEENTH, SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, TWENTY-SECOND, TWENTY-FOVRTH, TWENTY-FIFTH, TWENTY-SIXTH, THIRTY-FIRST, AND THIRTY- SECOND WISCONSIN INFANTRY, FIRST CAVALRY, AND FIFTH AND TENTH BATTERIES.— BATTLES OF RESACA, DALLAS, KENESAW MOUN TAIN, DECATUR, PEACH TREE CREEK, JONESBORO, L0VEJ0Y STATION, CAPTURE OP ATLANTA. Immediately after the battle of Mission Ridge, Sherman was sent to the aid of Burnside, at Knoxville, where Longstreet, being flanked, raised the siege and retreated to Virginia. Wisconsin regiments accompanied the expedition. Their services there will be noticed in the separate and concluding accounts of each. In February, 1864, Sherman made his cele brated raid to Meridian, Mississippi. The winter passed, and, April 10th, General Sherman received his final instructions from Lieutenant General Grant for his campaign through Georgia. His military forces had been reorganized. The Army of the Cumberland, under Thomas, consisted of 54,568 infantry, 2,377 artillery, 3,828 cavalry— total, 60,773, and 130 guns. The Army of the Tennessee, under Major General McPherson, had 22,437 infantry, 1,404 artillery, 624 cavalry — total, 24,465, and 96 guns. The Army of the Ohio, under Major General Schofield, was composed of 11,183 infantry, 679 artillery, 1,697 cavalry— total, 13,559 and 28 guns. The grand total was 98,797 men, and 254 guns. The army of the Confederates, under Johnston, were dis tributed into three corps, under Hardee, Hood, and Polk — a total, according to Johnston's report, of 40,900, and 4,000 ¦k*> ttf- LIEUT GEN. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN. SHERMAN'S CAMPAIGN TO ATLANTA. 699 cavalry under Wheeler. He had also more or less artillery. In Thomas' army were the fourth corps, under Howard, fourteenth, under Palmer, and twentieth, under Hooker. In Howard's corps were the Fifteenth and Twenty^tburth Wis consin Infantry; in Palmer's, the First, Tenth, and Twenty- first Infantry, and Fifth Battery; in Hooker's, the Third, Twenty-second, Twenty-sixth, and Thirty-first Infantry. In McPherson's army were the fifteenth corps, under Logan, the sixteenth, under Dodge, and the seventeenth, under Blair. In Dodge's corps were the Twenty-fifth and Thirty-second Wisconsin Infantry; in Blair's, the Twelfth, • Sixteenth, and Seventeenth Infantry. , The First Wisconsin Cavalry were connected with McCook's division of cavalry, and the Eighth Battery with Kilpatrick's division of cavalry. The Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry belonged to Hooker's corps, but was engaged in guarding railroads. The Eighteenth belonged to -Thomas' army, but was guarding railroads in Alabama and Georgia. The first design of the campaign was to reach Atlanta, one hundred and thirty-eight miles south-west from Chattanooga, one of the most important towns of Georgia, a large manufac turing place, where an immense amount of arms, ammunition, and clothing for the rebel army, was made. The route to Atlanta lay, in part, over a rough mountainous country, but the charm of spring was then upon it, and the desolations of war had not yet come. The enemy was strongly intrenched in and around Dalton, thirty-eight miles south-east of Chatta nooga, and they must be met and defeated before Atlanta could be reached. On the 7th of May, General Thomas moved from Ringgold toward Tunnel Hill, Which place was carried by Palmer's corps after a short skirmish. On the 8th, Howard carried a ridge near Buzzard Roost, but found it too narrow for opera tions to carry the pass near it. On the same day McPherson passed through Snake Creek Gap ; on the 10th Hooker followed him, and on the 11th nearly all the remainder of the army. The object of this movement was to flank Johnston out of Dalton, rather than meet him in battle at that strongly-fortified place. Johnston soon saw that if he remained at Dalton his 700 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. communications would be cut off, and he therefore left his cherished position on May 12th, and retreated on a short line to Resaca, which was eighteen miles farther toward Atlanta, and on the Western and Atlantic Railroad. BATTLE OF RESACA. On the morning of the 14th, the Federals pressed upon the enemy in their intrenchments. At ten o'clock Palmer under took to force the rebels from an elevated position in front. It was necessary to descend a hill, ford a stream, cross a valley filled with ditches and other obstructions, and ascend an eminence beyond — all in full sweep of the enemy's fire. They went as far as the obstructions in the valley, and there became so entangled and confused as to necessitate a retreat, which they made, having suffered the loss of more than 1,000. About the same time, a portion of Howard's and Schofield's troops took an important position of the enemy on their outer line, at our left. At three o'clock in the afternoon Johnston made an attack, with the view of turning the Federal left flank. Stanley's men were driven back, but Hooker came to the rescue in time to drive the enemy back into their works. Meanwhile McPherson carried a hill at the enemy's left, from which cannon could pour an enfilading fire upon their linesj and command the railroad and trestle bridges. After dark Johnston endeavored to retake that important position. The fighting was severe, and continued till ten o'clock, but the hill was still ours. On the 15th, Sherman took measures to capture two hills commanding each other, at the rebel right. The work was difficult ; the fighting was severe, but before evening important ground was gained, a lurtette of the enemy's works was taken, and all was held, notwithstanding the enemy's desperate opposition. We were making such inroads upon the enemy's works that, during the night of the 15th, they quietly evacuated Resaca, and retreated toward Kingston, thirty-two miles farther south. The First Wisconsin Infantry had several wounded on the skirmish line in this battle, and was in the second line at the charge upon the enemy's works on the 14th. Lieutenant BATTLE OF RESACA. ' 701 Montague says, that in his front on the skirmish line, on the night of the 15th, two Kentucky brothers met — one loyal, one disloyal. On the morning of the 16th, he advanced with a few men, and found the enemy's works deserted. The Third infantry joined its brigade a few days before the action at Resaca, and on the 13th of May, took position in front of the enemy's works. The following day it supported the fourth corps, skirmishing but losing no men. On the 15th it took part in the battle, fighting from behind hastily constructed breast-works of logs and rails, which had been thrown up by the order of Colonel Hawley. An entire division of rebels charged upon them with an unearthly yell, and confident of victory. Driving in our skirmishers, they advanced to within one hundred and fifty yards of our main line. The regiment then poured a deadly fire upon them, firing by file. The enemy were checked, and driven from the field in dis order. The Third now charged, and captured forty prisoners. Fifty dead rebels were found on the field, and a few mortally wounded. The regiment's loss was three killed, twenty-seven wounded, and one missing. The breast-works of rails saved many lives. Among the wounded was their chaplain, the Reverend J. M. Springer, who died on the 29th. He was a devoted Christian minister. Having been drafted the autumn previous, he declined all offers to have a substitute, declaring he would go to the field himself as he had been called. He was subse quently, without any effort on his part, appointed chaplain. During the battle of Resaca, he seized a musket and fought four hours in the hottest of the fight, when he fell. The Fifteenth Wisconsin were in the advance at Buzzard's Roost and Rocky Face Ridge, near Dalton. They also en gaged in that part of the charge at Resaca, May 14th, where the first line of rebel intrenchments was carried. During the battle, the regiment silenced two of the enemy's guns, and kept the gunners behind their works. A desperate charge made by the rebels was repulsed with heavy loss to them. Five cf the regiment were killed, and twelve wounded. Colonel Hobart rejoined the Twenty-first Regiment in the spring of 1864, and one hundred recruits, arrived from Wis- 702 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. consin, making their number four hundred; They participated in General Sherman's flank movement through Snake Creek Gap to Resaca. Their position on the 14th of May, was in. the front line. At ten in the morning they advanced across an open field to assault the enemy's works. But being without support, the brigade was unable to gain the intrenchments, and established themselves close to the enemy, from which position they kept up a spirited fire until relieved in the evening, when the Twenty-first was the last regiment to retire. Their loss in the charge was nine killed, and thirty-eight wounded. The Twenty-second Wisconsin Infantry, Colonel William L. Utley, arrived, on the 13th, in front of Resaca. During that and the succeeding day they were held in reserve, and on the 15th, moved to the extreme left of the army, where their division (the third) was selected by General Hooker to storm a line of intrenchments defended by artillery. The second brigade, to which the regiment belonged, took position as support to the first brigade, and, throwing off their knapsacks, lay down awaiting orders. At one in the afternoon they advanced over the hill and across a field, under a withering fire from artillery aad sharp-shooters. While in the field a disorganized regiment dashed through them, occasioning tem porary confusion in the entire brigade. Order was soon restored, and then pushing forward, the brigade advanced over the first line, which had wavered before the terrible rebel fire, and up the hill to a four gun battery of the enemy's, where they planted the colors of two regiments — Silas Wright, of Company B, of the Twenty-second, planting the colors of the One Hundred and Second Illinois. They were not able, how ever, to hold the position, and retired to a hill in their rear, afterward participating in an assault with another brigade, farther to the left. They had a conspicuous part in the battle of the 15th, and lost heavily. This was their first real battle, and in it they did bravely. Four color corporals were wounded. The regiment lost eleven killed, and sixty-four wounded, ten of whom subsequently died. The Twenty-fourth Infantry was exposed, on the 14th, to a severe fire of artillery and musketry. They advanced about three hundred vards, when they came upon an open field, BATTLE OF RESACA. 703 through which they moved at the double quick to a position partially protected by a slight elevation, behind which they took a temporary shelter. They became detached from a portion of the brigade in crossing the field, but went into action, and were engaged for two hours, when they retired to replenish their stock of ammunition and clean their guns, which, had become very foul by rapid firing. They occupied various other positions until the enemy evacuated. . Lieutenant Colonel West was wounded. Company I was not engaged, being: on provost duty, and Company B was on the skirmish line. The regiment lost here, seven men killed and died of wounds, and thirteen wounded, not mortally. The Twenty-fifth under Col. Montgomery, was actively engaged here during the three days' battles. It Was in the front line, and a portion of the time detached as support to a battery on a hill-side, where they were under a heavy fire. Late in the afternoon of the 14th, they were sent to the fif teenth; corps, and attacked the enemy's works on the extreme left, where they charged over an open field under fire, and relieved an Iowa regiment whose ammunition was expended!. They held the hill against the rebels, who charged three times to get possession of it, and repulsed them . with heavy loss! Throwing up defensive works in the night of that day, they skirmished behind them on the 15th. For their gallant con duct in relieving the Thirtieth Iowa and holding the hill, the regiment received the approbation of Brigadier General Wood, then in command of the fifteenth corps. Their loss was six killed, and twenty wounded. The Twenty-sixth Infantry took position before the enemy's intrenchments on the 13th, where they skirmished from noon until dark, when they were placed in line of battle, and bivou acked for the night. The following day they lost one killed and three wounded. They were relieved at midnight, and, after a few hours, marched, at , daylight on the 13th, to the left of the army, where their brigade had the advance in the assault made at that point, the Twenty-sixth having the right of the first line, and being ordered to take a hill in front, which was accomplished. The enemy's main line was upon a ridge parallel to the one we had just taken, and separated from it by 704 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. a narrow valley, covered with a dense growth of young pines. The difficulty of access and the destructive fire of the rebels, rendered it impossible to reach and repulse them and after a second assault, which resulted as the first, the Federals were ordered back to the hill first taken. That they held, although an attempt was made to recapture it. The loss of the regiment was six killed, and forty wounded. . The First Wisconsin Cavalry were present in line of battle while our forces moved upon Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost, and Rocky Face Ridge, and once, on the 11th, the rebels made a dash at them, and were immediately repulsed. They were also in the skirmish which opened the battle at Resaca. The Fifth Wisconsin Battery took position at two o'clock in the afternoon, on the 14th, upon a hill, five hundred yards from the enemy's works, opened fire upon them, and continued it until night. Early the next morning, they relieved an Ohio battery, half a mile to the right of their former position. Here they kept up a slow fire during the day. On the 16th, they accom panied the division forward to Rome. The Tenth Battery was heavily engaged at Resaca, on the 13th. On the 14th, they were in action at Calhoun Ferry, where they lost one man wounded, and a gun disabled by the rebel fire. A portion of the battery was engaged the follow ing day, at a ford between that ferry and Resaca. In these engagements they were highly praised by the division com mander for their energy, prompt maneuvering, and accurate firing. On the 16th, they crossed the Oostenaula river, and moved by way of Adairsville to Kingston. Among the fallen at Resaca, was Sergeant Richard Henry Davis, Jr., of the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin, who left not only a wife and one child, but his parents, dependent on him for a home and support in their old age, he being their only sur viving son. Such facts illustrate some of the strange inequali ties of the fruits of war. Some are untouched by death in all their household ; some are made childless. Some are made rich in material possessions ; some are made homeless. The father of Sergeant Davis was an active minister of the gospel, from his early manhood until enfeebled by old age ; formerly of New Hampshire and New York, now of Milwaukee. At this BATTLE OF RESACA. 705 writing, he and his companion still live, and justice and the God of justice claim for them the sympathy of their fellow- men. Sergeant Davis, while bravely leading on his men, with his right arm upraised, was struck in the forearm by a bullet, which plowed its way up the length of .his arm into his body. Had he not been removed, a few days after, from one field hospital to another, possibly he might have recovered. The Wisconsin wounded, in general not mortaljy, at Resaca, were as follows : Fibst .Regiment. Five, names joined with those at Dallas. Thied Regiment. Gompany A — Priv. Hemry Davids. Gompany C— Corp. Abner Webb, Privs. John Kohls, David Woods, Andrew Warner, Jacob M. Case. Com pany D — Priv. John Vestfound. Company E — Joseph Dilger. Company G — Priv. Benj. Sherry. Gompany /—Corps. Geo. B. Bennett, Cyrus E. Dering, Privs. Hiram H. Southwick, W. H. Smith, W. H. Danks, Daniel McDonald. Company E— Sergt. Abner Hubbell, Privs. Decatur Thompson, James W. Bennett, Peter I. Peter- Bon — 19. Fifteenth Regiment. Company A — Priv. Knud Oleson. Company C — Corp. W. E. Wheeler, Priv. Peter Stangeland. Company D — Priv. Martin Halvorson. Company E — Priv. Simon Jorgenson. Company F — Privs. Ever Anderson, Michael Larson. Gompany G — Privs. Henry Thompson, Rier Thorson. Gompany 7— Priv. Andrew Torgerson. Company A'— Privs. John Johnson, Ole Evenson— 12. Twenty-Hest Regiment. Company B — Corp. Leonard J. Miller. C— Privs. John K. Haywood, Walter W. Wright. Company D — Corps. Geo. I" Rawson, Aug. Perslee, Priv. Andrew Jackson. Company F— Corp. Chas. T. Susan, Privs. Louis Potter, Jacob Shidell. Gompany G — Lt. Alfred A. Harding, Sergt. Alvah G. Dewey, Privs. Daniel A. Barton, Harvey Boyden, Wm. B. Constance, E. R. Haywood, Charles H. Noyes, Winchester Stratton, Scott Jamison, W. J. Miner, Company R-^Lt. A. L. Fargo, Privs; A. J. Hyde, James Black, John Cary, Wm. R. Brown. Company 7— Privs. Fred. Augustine, John W. Spear, Fred. Tippins, James H. Bradish. Company iT— Priv. Jeremiah Reardon — 31. Twenty-second Regiment. Company A — Corps. Theodore Lane, James L. Gregory, Privs. Wm. , J. Emerson, Thos.. OUa, Herbert Putnam, Peter C. Dufour, Peter W. Hilton, Chas. B. Braithwait. Company C-^Corp. Berry F. Heuston, Privs. Robt. S. Saulsbury, Wm. E. Gleason, John M. Wilson, Anthony D. Rouse. Company D — Sergt. Jas. B 'Scrafford, Privs. Wm. Brabason, Evan Edwards, Julius, Smith. Company ^— Privs. Chas. ^V. N. Baird, Thos. Linderwood, John P. Pfeifer, John B. Preston, , Horace E. Warner. Company i^— Corp. Henry Flint, Privs. Evan E. Ellis, Abel J. Lewis, Owen Owens, Jacob Schonkenberger. Com pany G — Corp. Wm. N. Taft, Privs^ Claus Eriekson, Ole Erickson, Abel Johnson, Chauncey Ward, Henry Roberts. Gompany .B— 1st Lt. Jas. R. Bones, 1st Sergt. Jens J. Peterson, Privs. Wm. Gerrits, Jos. Lewis, Fred. Urban, Dowry Wescott. Company I— Privs. Wm. J. Barns, Edward Barry, H. J. Rosencrans, Wm. Pearl. Company iT— Sergt. Harrison Lovelace, Corp. Warren Jones, Privs. Thos. T. Miner, tTbner Mitchell, Henry S. Feather, Robt. C. Clauson, Wm. H. Harrington, Schuyler D: Gould — 49. Twenty-fourth Regiment. Company A — Corp. Geo. A. Cooley. Company 0 — Privs. Franz Fuchs, Jos. Gaerty. Company E— Privs. Adam Schuver, Henry Wilson, John H. Lewis, Peter Nedding. Company F—Piiy. Thomas Kelley. Company G-— Capt. John W. Plumme/, Privs. Wm. M. Ormund, Henry C. Weldon, Philip Smith. Company E-Jtm. John Hafer— 13. 45 706 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Twenty-fifth Regiment. Company A — Sergt. J. Williams, Priv. A. A. Rich ardson . Company B — Privs. Orrin Boyington, Andrew Voung, Thornton J. Smith, Newton Chesmoie, P. C. Bartle, T. Harris. Company C — Priv. J. W. Tuckwood. Company D — Corp. D. H. Spooner, Privs. D. S. Howes, G. M. Snow. Company E — Privs. M. Cornell, Edward H. Moore, Chas. Richey, Patrick Haney. Company .F— Priv. Paul Molliter. Company if— Privs. Joseph School, Bartholomew Stoll. Company E— Priv. John Conrod — 20. Twenty-sixth Regiment. Company A — Sergt. August Nischke, Priv. Herman Opitz. Company B — Sergt. Chas. Weinrich, Corp. C. Laufer, Privs. Fred. Siebold, Wm. Yager, Philip Lieberstein, N. Perschbaoher, Theodore Maasch. Company G — Corp. G. Scheule, Privs. Anton Rinke, Henry Siegrist, Henry Urich, Adam Wuest. Company D — Corp. Frank Smotzek, Priv. Edward Kehrein. Company i?— Corp. Nicholaus Jermer, Privs. R. Gaubatz, C. Schssfer. Company F — Corp. John Kihnl, Privs. H. Hacker, C. Meyer. Company R— Sergts. Jacob Nytes, Rudolph Siebelist, Corp. Martin Kuhn, Privs. Chas. Grsefe, Wenzel Kapinos. John Rosenbauer, F. Spranger, Robt. Voight, Chas. Hoborg. . Company I— Sergt. P. Waldorff, Privs. Ernst Domkoehler, Edmund Johnson. Company E — Privs. Jos. Wimmers, William Frank, Hubert Walzer, Jerome Crandall, Wm. Kremer — 36. BATTLES OF DALLAS. The cavalry division, under Stoneman and McCook, pursued the enemy in their retreat from Resaca, and the whole army quickly followed, crossing the Oostanaula River. At Adairs- ville, thirteen miles below Resaca., Newton's divison, of the fourth corps, had a skirmish with the enemy, and found them in larger force at Kingston, on the 18th. At Cassville, five miles from Kingston, they had fortifications; but Sherman's flanking process induced Johnston to evacuate on the night of the 19th and crossing the Etowah, he retreated again toward Atlanta. On the 19th, General J. C. Davis, of Palmer's corps, occupied Rome, fifteen miles west of Kingston, and captured forts, heavy guns, stores of supplies, mills, and foundries. After a little rest, and the arrival of supplies at Kingston, Sherman found that the rebels were strongly intrenched in the Etowah Mountains, at Allatoona Pass, and not wishing to attack them there he moved toward Dallas, forty 'miles below Kingston, and fifteen south-west of the Pass. The roads were very rough ; the marching careful and slow. Johnston, mean while, took a shorter route, and, with the larger part of his army, reached Dallas first. On the 25th, Hooker came in collision with Stewart's division of Hood's corps, beyond Pump kin Vine Creek, near New Hope Church, where he lost six hundred killed and wounded, without repulsing the rebels. The next two days the Federals were engaged in forming their line. From that time until June 4th, when the enemy evacu- BATTLES OF DALLAS. 707 ated, heavy skirmishes and battles occurred daily along the lines, and the firing was nearly incessant, and often terrific. On the 28th, the Federals having thrown up defences four miles from Dallas, were attacked by the enemy in force, on General McPherson's right. Our men saw the attack as it was coming, and throwing up some slight defences, reserved their fire until the rebels came within sixty feet of them. The heavy shot of the enemy crushed through the Union ranks, but they firmly held their ground. At the given signal, a thousand muskets sped their deadly bullets with unerring aim at the yelling, exulting foe, and volley after volley in rapid succession mowed down their deep and thick ranks. The Federal artillery joined their fire, and the ground occupied by the foe was soon strewed with the mangled, the dying and the dead. Once driven back they rallied and rushed forward again ; three times they came, three times were repulsed, and then fled, leaving 2,000 wounded and slain. This was the principal battle of Dallas. One authority says it occurred on the 30th of May, another, on the 29th; but the weight of evidence establishes it on the 28th. The First Wisconsin Infantry was engaged in these battles, and Lieutenant Montague's account of their part in them is as follows : " On the 28th, our brigade was sent to the extreme left of our army with the design of turning the enemy's right flank. We met the enemy about four in the afternoon, and Walker's division, of Hardee's corps, immediately charged us, but were repulsed by our brigade. We were hotly engaged from this hour until dark, when we held our original position. That night we were withdrawn somewhat, and in the morning the enemy occupied the ground held by us the day before. Our mess cook not being aware of this movement, and think ing we held our position of the night before, walked into the enemy's lines next morning with our entire cuisine, includ ing a pack-mule. This may seem a slight matter to record, but it was a serious matter to the officers of our mess, who had to beg their hard tack and bacon for some days." Subse quently they were engaged in taking a ridge, which they held several days despite the efforts of the rebels to regain it. The Third Wisconsin, under Hooker, took part in the severe 708 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. conflict on the 25th of May, near New Hope Church, some times called the battle of Dallas, and not in that of the 28th. Colonel Hawley, reported as follows : " May 25th, we marched eight miles, when the enemy was met strongly intrenched at the crossing of the Marietta, Dallas, and Ackworth roads. Here the command was halted, and the brigade formed in line of battle, and advanced directly on the enemy's works, my regiment occu pying the centre, with its left resting on the Marietta road. In this hard fought battle no decided advantage was gained, further than learning the strength of the enemy, they being well in trenched, with superior numbers and a well chosen position. The officers and men of my regiment fought with a heroism never excelled by any troops, and I take pleasure in saying that in this engagement, as well as in the former one at Resaca, not a single instance of bad conduct came under my personal observation, or has been reported to me since, notwithstanding over one half of my command consisted of recruits, who had never before been under fire. My losses were fourteen killed, ninety-seven wounded, twelve of the latter having since died." The regiment fought that day but one hundred and fifty yards from the rebel breast-works, and faced a battery charged with grape and short-fused shell for two hours. The Tenth Regiment participated in the engagement at Dallas. The Fifteenth came up at New Hope Church, just after Hooker's battle on the 25th, and does not appear to have been engaged in the conflict on the 28th. But in the heavy skir mishing and fighting on the 27th, as they were moving four miles to the left, in crossing a, ravine they were exposed to a heavy fire from the enemy's artillery. They made a desperate charge, and came so near the rebel breast-works that some were killed within a few feet of them. They found it impos sible to dislodge the enemy, but succeeded in establishing our line within fifteen yards of their fortifications. They held this position for more than five hours, although exposed to a severe fire of musketry. The enemy, having been reinforced, charged upon their weakened ranks, until at length they were forced to retire, leaving the dead and wounded on the field. They lost eighty-three officers and men, in killed, wounded, and prisoners. BATTLES OF DALLAS. 709 The Twenty-first Regiment took position on the left of the fourth corps, at Pumpkin Vine Creek, near Dallas. In the attack upon their rear, on the morning of the 28th, Companies A and E gallantly drove the rebel skirmishers from a ridge, which the regiment fortified. Colonel Fitch says : " The enemy's works here were deemed too strong to assault, the two forces lay, therefore, facing each other for six days. The skirmishers of the Twenty-first and those of the enemy were occupying the same narrow crest of a ridge, within less than fifty paces of each other, firing all the time." " On the 30th, this portion of the line was attacked by a part of Hood's corps, the rebels advancing from their works. The battle was severe; the enemy, however, was compelled to fall back, leaving his dead and wounded on the field. Several dead rebels lay for some days between the skirmish line unapproached by either party. The holding of this position by the skirmishers of the Twenty- first was spoken of by general officers as a most gallant act, and displaying great fortitude." The regiment lost here, in the six days, four killed and twenty-eight wounded. The Twenty-Second Regiment formed in line, on the 25th, near the rebel works at Dallas. At the beginning they were held in reserve, but afterwards occupied the front, holding the position until dark, losing one killed and ten wounded. During the night the position was strengthened, and retained until the 1st of June, notwithstanding exposure to a constant fire from the rebel sharp-shooters. The Twenty- fourth' Regiment reached Dallas on the aight of the 25th, taking their position in the' front, and on the next morning throwing up works. They remained here eleven days, and were constantly exposed to the fire of the enemy, men being often killed and wounded on the most re tired lines. From this position they moved towards Ackworth. From the 17th of May to that time, the regiment had twenty- seven men wounded. The Twenty-fifth Regiment arrived within a few miles of Dallas about noon, on the 26th, and commenced skirmishing, passing through and bivouacking a short distance south of the place, until the next day. They then advanced to the front, and were engaged for three days in skirmishing, repulsing the 710 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. enemy in his attacks upon the picket line, with severe loss. The Twenty-sixth Regiment took part in the battle of Dallas, on the 25th of May. It was posted in the second line of battle, and on the left, but afterwards moved to the front, to relieve an Ohio regiment, and remained there fighting till dark. They then changed position, and built intrenchments, and were em ployed in siege duty until the first of June. They then joined the movement of their division toward the left. They expe rienced a total loss, according to General Winkler's report, of seven killed, one being an officer, thirty-one wounded, and two missing. The First Wisconsin Cavalry participated in the advance upon Dallas. Their division, on the 23rd of May, marched in a southerly direction, fording the river Etowah, after a skirmish with the enemy upon its banks, and in the middle of the afternoon encountered a rebel force strongly intrenched on a spur of the Alatoona Hills. To develope their number and position, a detachment of the Fourth Indiana was sent forward as dismounted skirmishers, followed closely by the First Wis consin Cavalry in line of battle. Passing over an open field, and through a narrow belt of timber, from which the rebels were soon driven, they had reached the intrenchments, when the rebel batteries opened fiercely upon them, fortunately, so ranged that, though exposed to their fire for an hour, not a man or a horse was touched. The batteries were afterward silenced by opposing guns, and our troops kept possession of the woods till late in the afternoon, when a charge was made by the rebels, driving back our skirmishers, and capturing a part of Company L, who were occupied at a corn crib, and thus separated from the regiment. One of them escaped at night, and reported the treatment received as cruel in the extreme. On the 26th a detachment of the First Wisconsin, under Captain Comstock, was sent to take and hold, if possible, a small village called Burnt Hickory, three miles nearer Dallas. The taking was accomplished without loss, except to the rebels, of one killed and twenty taken prisoners, and the position was held against the attack of a body of cavalry till three o'clock, when the division came up. A scout was then sent still farther, who soon returned, reporting a considerable BATTLES OF DALLAS. 711 rebel force, both infantry and cavalry, and just beyond it a large supply train passing rapidly to the south. To capture or destroy this train the Second Indiana was sent forward as skir mishers supported by one battalion of the First Wisconsin, the brigade battery, ' Eighteenth Indiana, also accompanying. Failing thus to dislodge the enemy, the Wisconsin battalion, led by Captain Harnden, with revolvers in hand, charged through the woods at a headlong gallop. A fierce fire met but did not check them. Their leader fell wounded by the roadside, but cheered on the troops till the last man had passed. The rebel lines gave way, but stood continuing their fire while our boys ran the gantlet between them. Dividing when half way through the woods, a part turned aside and, with the aid of the Second Indiana, put an end to the flank firing, while the remainder pushed through the woods and came in view of the train. Here a fresh force of the enemy met them with a firing so severe that retreat became necessary, and, rapidly as the advance had been made, back through the woods they rode, and back to their reserves, where a line of battle was formed, fully checking all farther advantage to the rebels. By the retreat many of the prisoners taken in the beginning of the fight escaped, and a large number of horses were killed. Of men in the First Wisconsin our loss was only one killed and six wounded, while the enemy lost about thirty killed, among them the colonel of the Fourth Georgia, and forty-four prisoners, besides a large number wounded. Though the wisdom of the attack may be questioned, none will withhold the meed of praise due the First Wisconsin for their gallant charge, referred to as the most brilliant of the campaign. Lieutenant Colonel Stewart, of the Second Indiana, command ing the brigade, was taken prisoner, and Captain Harnden, commanding the battalion severely wounded. The Fifth Battery, during the operations near Dallas, held several important positions on the line. The following is a list of wounded as indicated in each case : First Regiment. From May fth to June 1st. Company C—J. L. Briggs, J. Spitzer, C. Morris, H. Freeman. Company D — J. Hupp. Company E—S. D." Browning, A. Keyes, H. Greenwood (died), P. Harland. Company G—J. C. Mahon (died), A. Bergman (died), J. Bremer, R. J. Tedder, C. Hancock, J. Kunliff, A Selus, J. Humphrey (died), Gid. Burke (died), Lt Geo. W. Lawton. Company R— 712 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. E. Tucker, E. McDonald, A. Humphrey, H. E. Wood; Company 7— J. Onk, L. Springer. Company E—G. Ryan, G. W. Gibson. Thied Regiment. On May 25th, at Dallas. Col. Wm. Hawley. Company A — Sergt. Geo. W. Brainard, Corp. Chas. T. Lord, Privs. Aug. Clopping, Robt. Hart, Perry Hart, Washington Harvey, Sidney N. Lund, Mathias Mentsel, Chas. Perkins, Aug. Quast, Jas. T. Terry, Wm. Tibbets. Company B—Gagt. W. M. Snow, 1st Lt. Wilson S. Buck, Sergt. Hiram S. Baker, Corp. A. C. Robbins, Privs. Edw. Horan, Patrick Gagen, Walter B. Barnes, Edw. McFarlane, Ole Thompson, Hilliard Desehamp, Wm. Swartz, Henry A. Gardner, ••Thos. F. Peace, H. D. Hills, Wm. Brandt. Company C— Sergt. W. H. Foster, Corp. Robert W. McFarland, Privs. Thomas Conroy, Josephus C. Bridge, Daniel Aueherbaugh, Jackson Sand, Joseph LandrArtist McBride. Company D — Corp. W. W. Carne, Privs. Geo. Neal, Heze- kiah L. Kilby, Samuel Converse, John Wright, J. B. Norton, Chas. E. Alderman. Company E— Capt. Julian W. Hinckley, Sergts. David Clark, Wm. Wolfe, Corps. Alvin P. Reynolds, James Panett, Chas. Hasse, Privs. Henry Eilers, Nicholas Holthusen, John Hook, Peter Ichtemack, Thomas Nelson, William Steffin, Ludwig Wirth, James Dodd, Mangus Krouse. Company F— Sergt. Samuel Bartholomew, Privs. Wm. Holmes and Philander Tucker. Company G— -Sergts. John F. Hubbard, Wm. W. Freeman, Stephen Liemance, Corps. Andrew Jagerson, John B. Gerris, Alex. McCoy, Benj. F. Roby, Olas C. Olson, Privs. John Cowles, Edw. D. Hamilton, Amund L. Newgard, Luther A. Phetteplace, Peter Waltch, Van R. Willard. Company R— Sergt. John Agnew, Corp. Wm. Cherry, Privs. Alden B. Jacobs, Martin Jacobs, Clarence S. Sawtelle, James Driver, Homer W. Osborne, James Buckley. Gompany /—Sergt. Richard H. Williams, Corp. George Rucherman, Privs. Arthur Brinie, Moses Sweet. ' Company E— Privs. Jabez Williams, John E. Anderson, Barrett Stilwell — 92. Tenth Regiment'. From May 24th to July 10th. May 21th. Company R— Priv. Ole 0. Storle. Company I — Priv. Chas. McManus. June 2d. Company A — . Priv. Wm. B. Sayles. Company G — Private Geo. Owens. June 18th. Company A — Priv. Cornelius Bard. Company G — Priv. Charles Pelt. Company E — Privs. Michael Clark, John Barnes. June 21st. Company E — Priv. Peter Inglehart. June 29th. Sergt. Lewis Wilson. July 3rd. Company D — Priv. Wallace Thomp son — 11. Fifteenth Regiment. At Dallas. Company A — Sergt. Ole K. Hanson, Priv. John Lungren. Company B — Sergt. Brown Siveraon, Corp. Eriek Larson, Privs. Peter Peterson, Jens Gilbertson, Ole Knudson, Levert Leverson, Knud Erickson. Company D — Corps. John Hogan, Christian Helverson, Privs. Halvor Olson, Jacob L. Jacobson, Simon Peterson. Company E — Privs. Mads Rossum, Petrie Johnson. Company F — Private Reimert Baur. Company G — Lt. 0. B. Nelson, Corps. Iver 0. Myher, Hans Larson, Hans Hanson, Privs. John Bonum, Lewis Anderson. Company R — Privs. Andrew D. Gerder, Ole A. Hamarss, Ole L. Fosse, Ole Halverson, Torbger Larson. Company I— Privs. Nels Stonson, Amos John son, John J. Ramack, Knud Oleson, Ole E. Troay, Peter Myhre. Company E — Privs. Gulbran Olson, Albert E. Rice, Charles Olson, Ole Christenson and Christ. Johnson — 39. Twenty-fiest Regiment. At Dallas. Company A — Privs. Martin P. V. Strong, Anthony De Marra. Company B — Privs. John Isquchupit, Charles Miller, Daniel Moscrip. Company C — Priv. G. F. Cleveland. Company E — Corp. Wm. Welch, Privs.' Edmund- Phillips, Peter Schwarts, Louis Grotto, H. W. Barnett, Simon Shelley. Company F — Privs. John Gilchrist, Jerry Bigford. Company R — Privs. John Kreish, Fred Smith. Company I— -Privs. Orison Beals, Wm. H. Henderson, Chas. S. 0. Christenson — 19. Twenty-second Regiment. At Dallas. Company. B — Capt. Geo. H. Brown, Sergt. James E. Ross, Corp. Alfred Bond, Privs. James F. Elliott, Napoleon B. Perry. Company C — Priv. John S. Dayton. Company E — Privs. Martin McGill, Lewis N. Bowles. Gompany F — Capt. Robt. F. Pugh, and Corp. Edward Ellis. Company G — Sergt. Leopold Seltzer. Company 7— Priv. David B. Prints. Com pany E — Priv. Noreh Oalurew — 13. * BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 713 Twenty-fourth Regiment. At Pleasant Hill and Dallas. Company A — Priv. John Mahoney. Gompany B — Lt. Geo. Allanson, Sergt. E. C. Arnold, Privs. Con rad Niederman, Ferrel Berkley, James W. Tallion, Wm. Rahlman, Wm. Hauser. Company C— Priv. D. Luebben. Company D — Sergt. Edw. Morgan, Privs. Andrew McNeil, Thos. Carpion— 12. Twenty-fifth Regiment. 'At Dallas, from May 21th to 31st. Company B— Privs. Cutler Salmon, Geo. W. Peokham. Company 7J— Priv. Emory Blanchard. Company F — Corp. Edwin C. Coleman, Privs. Arnold Ubersetzy, Savoy Thompson. R— -Priv. Dewald Garner — 1. • Twenty-sixth Regiment. At Dallas. Company B — Privs. Ferdinand Hubner, Adam Truss, Charles Jaeger, Aug. Ninow, Bernhard Kucklan, John Weisenbach. Company, C— Priv. John Christen. Company .E— Lt. Fred. Horner, Sergt. Philip N Phipp, Corps. Henry Deiner, Franz Kivin, Privs. Paul Statzel, Henry Wagner, Chas. Stier, Fred.' Zirber, Sam Procheld, F. Ohike. Company G— Privs.- Cyrus Shsefer, Chas. Haseman, Wm. Lerri. Company 77— Priv. Henry Boehler. Company 7— Priv. Rudolph Laive. Company AT— Sergt. Henrv Nolt — 23. , BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. Dallas lies west of the railroad leading to Atlanta, and AUa toona north-east, on the railroad. After the battles and the few days' siege at Dallas, Sherman took possession of the road leading to AUatoona, and sent back a cavalry force that cap tured it. He also took possession of the road to Ackworth, lying on the railroad below AUatoona. Then Johnston, being flanked again, abandoned Dallas on June 4th, and moved to the protection of Marietta, on the railroad south of Ackworth. On the 8th General Blair joined our forces, with two divisions of the seventeenth army corps, embracing the Twelfth, Six teenth, and Seventeenth Wisconsin Infantry, and oh the 9th the army moved to Big Shanty, the next railroad station below Ack worth. In a mountainous district, between that and Marietta,- Johnston had made another stand, and prepared for the most obstinate defence. He had nearly 50,000 veteran troops, and 15,000 raw militia just called out by Governor Brown, of Georgia. Standing before Marietta are three mountains — Kenesaw, the largest and most easterly, Pine, the most northerly, and Lost Mountain. Sherman's first object was to break the rebel line between Kenesaw and Pine Mountains. He cannonaded the rebel works, and, June 14th, General Polk, commanding on Pine Mountain, was killed by the bursting of a shell, and Johnston and Hardee, it appears, were standing near him at the fatal moment. On the night of that day, the enemy per ceiving that Hooker was gaining their rear on the Pine Moun- 714 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. tain, abandoned that position, and took a line directly connect ing Kenesaw and Lost Mountains. Then followed several days of skirmishing, including some small battles. On the night of the 18th, in darkness and a severe storm, the enemy abandoned Lost Mountain, and the Federal forces occupied their abandoned works, and continued to press upon their front. On the 22d, the enemy attacked a portion of Hooker's and Schofield's forces at our right, near the " Kulp House," but was repulsed - with a loss of many killed, wounded, and pris oners. Sherman now feigned a flank movement, hoping John- ton would weaken his centre, and give him an opportunity to assault his main works. June 27th, three brigades of Logan's corps drove in the rebel skirmishers at the base of the moun tain, and, pushing up its sides, carried a part of their rifle-pits. But on reaching the top the way was very difficult, and the rebels poured a terribly destructive fire upon them from an immense force above, and even dashed down stones and rocks thickly upon their heads. They found it impossible to scale the cliffs, and, retiring a short distance, fortified their position. At another point, Newton's and Davis' troops charged up the mountain, rushed through two lines of abatis, carried the line of rifle-pits, and planted several of their colors before the summit, and some of their men scaled the rebel ramparts. But there Generals Wagner and Harker were killed, and Colonel Daniel McCook mortally wounded, and the position and number of the rebels were so superior to ours, and their firing so much more destructive, that it was an impossibility to take their works, and the brave Federals were recalled. Newton's soldiers went back to the position they occupied before, while Davis' second brigade retreated only a portion of the way, and there threw up defences. Sherman had incor rectly calculated that the enemy had weakened their centre, but Johnston saw from his high position that there was no serious movement to flank him, and therefore kept the main body of his troops just where our assault was made. Our loss was nearly 3,000 in killed and wounded ; the enemy's very slight. General Sherman erred at Kenesaw in changing his tactics BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN 715 from flanking to assaulting, and unjustifiably dashed some of his bravest troops against that insurmountable fortress. It was sad that such noble men were sacrificed in vain. But his next act was one of brilliancy and great success. He threw open his own rear toward Chattanooga, for the enemy to advance upon it if they dared, and went himself to the rear of the enemy. Johnston saw his danger, and, evacuating Kene saw, fell back to the Chattahoochee River. The Federals pressed him in pursuit, and captured 2,000 prisoners. Thus, without our loss of two hundred men, he was flanked out of Kenesaw, after 3,000 had fallen in the vain attempt to carry it by assault. But Johnston took a fortified position again, first north, and next south of the river. At the latter place he had strong defences near the bridge, and five and a half miles along the river, which must have required many months for their erection. There General Sherman moved his troops to our right, as though intending to turn the enemy's left. Johnston believed that to be his design, and made various movements on that supposition. Sherman even crossed the river, at the enemy's left, with a portion of his forces. Again, and sadly, the rebels took up their retreat^, leaving their perfected and expensive defences on the Chattahoochee, removing their heavy guns seven miles to Atlanta, and falling back with their main army toward the fortifications of that city. Then suddenly Sherman changed his troops to our own left, moved a part of his forces across the river, took possession of the rebel works, and of certain important strategic points in that direction, and afterward confused Johnston by turning his right. The First Wisconsin Infantry was occupied in skirmishing a large proportion of the time in front of Kenesaw Mountain. On the 17th of June, they participated in a severe skirmish while on picket duty near Big Shanty. The following day they drove the rebel skirmishers back to their works, cap turing a number of them. As the enemy fell back to the mountain', the First followed, and retained their final position until the abandonment of the stronghold by the rebels on the 3rd of July. While before the rebel works the regiment had 716 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. no part in making assaults, but was continually exposed to the most terrible fire of artillery and sharp-shooters. Their loss was three killed and nine woundec\ The Third Regiment, on the 21st of June, was ordered to the Powder Spring road. In attempting to reach it they met a superior force of the enemy, and fought them, until Colonel Hawley deemed it best to fall back and await reinforcements. The One Hundred and Seventh New York soon came to their aid, and both regiments advanced against the rebels, driving them and taking possession of their position. The Third lost one killed and seven wounded. They held this position, and were engaged in constant picket and skirmish duty until the 3rd of July, having lost, during the several engagements about the mountain, one killed and seventeen wounded, of whom three soon died. « The Tenth Regiment was present at this battle, and took part in it. The Twelfth Regiment joined the Army of the Tennessee, with General Sherman's forces, at Ackworth, Georgia, on the 8th of June. They moved to Big Shanty on the 10th, and the next day were in line of battle, charging two miles through timber, and capturing the first skirmish line of the enemy in front of Kenesaw Mountain. They threw up intrenchments, and on the 14th, another line was constructed a quarter of a mile nearer, on the crest of a hill, and 1,000 yards from the enemy's rifle pits. Six-companies, under Captain Maxon, per formed a desperate feat in driving a brigade out of their rifle pits, which had kept up a galling fire upon our men from a piece of pine woods in front of the position. They penetrated through brush, young pines, and- briars until they reached the rifle pits, which were filled with men. He opened an enfilad ing fire upon them, and with his little band caused them to leave and seek their reserve force. For forty rods the pits were emptied. It was only when a rebel brigade charged bayonets that they fell back. This they did in good order. They took part in the movement of the seventeenth corps to the right of the Kenesaw Mountain, on the 2d of July, taking position near the Chattahoochee, at the mouth of the Nicka- jack Creek. Their loss at Kenesaw was thirty-four in killed, wounded, and missing. BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 717 The Fifteenth Regiment was actively engaged in the assault upon the rebel position at Kenesaw Mountain, June 23rd, where it suffered a loss of six killed and wounded. From this time to the 3rd of July, when the enemy evacuated it, was engaged in advancing; skirmishing, and driving the enemy from line to line of their works on Pine, Lost, and Kenesaw Mountains. Afterward they pressed forward in pursuit of them toward the Chattahoochee River. The Sixteenth Regiment joined Sherman's forces at Ack worth, June 8th. On the 10th they moved forward to the front, the division occupying a position on the extreme left of the army, which was in front of the enemy's works on Lost and Kenesaw Mountains. They remained here, occupying the trenches and constantly skirmishing, until the 19th, when the division moved forward to Brush Mountain, east of Kenesaw, without much oppositson. On the 23rd they accompanied the brigade in a reconnoissance to the left, and on the 28th took part in a demonstration against the enemy's right. They also accompanied the Army of the Tennessee in the celebrated movement under General McPherson, to the right. They left Brush Mountain on the evening of the 2d of July, marching toward the mouth of Nickajack Creek, and threatening the enemy's communications at Turner's Ferry, across the Chatta hoochee. John Whipple, of Company K, was mortally wounded while skirmishing. The Seventeenth Regiment arrived, on the 8th of June, at Ackworth, where they joined the army under General Sherman. On the 10th they took position near Big Shanty, in front of the enemy, the division being on the extreme left. Here they were constantly engaged in heavy skirmishing until the 19th, when the division advanced, occupying a position on Brush Mountain, east of the enemy's works on Kenesaw Moun tain. On the 22d they engaged in a demonstration on the enemy's right, taking two lines of rifle pits, being exposed to and sustaining a heavy fire from the enemy's artillery for more than three hours. Their loss was two killed and eleven wounded. The Twenty-first Regiment followed the enemy from Dallas to Kenesaw, always in line of battle. On the 17th, the skir- 718 WISCONSIN. IN THE WAR. mish line of the division overtook the enemy near Big Shanty, and engaged and drove them a mile and a half. June 18th, the skirmishers of the Twenty-first charged through a deep stream upon the rebel rifle-pits, located on the embankment beyond the water, and repulsed a North Carolina regiment, who left thirteen of their number prisoners in the skirmishers' hands. They were constantly under the artillery fire' of the enemy, but not in the terrible and unfortunate assault. They lost two killed. The Twenty-second Regiment took position near Kenesaw Mountain, on the 15th, and immediately followed the rebels, who, the day previous, had contracted their lines to strengthen their position on the mountain. On the 16th they participated in driving them from their works at Golgotha Church. June 22d, advancing to within sixty rods of the enemy's line, they received a severe fire, and while engaged in erecting suitable defences the rebels charged upon them, and were thoroughly repulsed. From the 23rd to the evacuation, they were stationed near the Marietta Turnpike, and in all these engage ments lost ten killed and mortally wounded, and twenty-three wounded. The Twenty-fourth Regiment took position on the 20th of June, in front of the enemy's works on Kenesaw Mountain, and threw up intrenchments. On the 22d they advanced on the skir mish line with the skirmishers of the twentieth corps. By some misunderstanding the line on their left failed to move forward with them, which exposed their left to a flank movement and and enfilading fire. This compelled them to abandon the field leaving two of their dead in the enemy's skirmish-pits. In the afternoon they retook the ground lost in the morning and held it until relieved at midnight, when they retired be hind the works, where they remained until the 27th. ' At that date an assault was ordered. The regiment advanced at half- past eight in the morning, in the rear of the Eighty-eighth Illinois, crossing in good order over an almost impassable abatis of fallen timber. When they had advanced three-fourths of the distance to the rebel works, the regimental commander received orders to halt. The head of the column had reached the enemy's works, and on account of the halting of the troops BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 719 in the rear, began to retire in some confusion. The disorder, which was soon communicated to those more retired, was quickly arrested, and the Twenty-fourth held its ground under a galling fire for half an hour, unable to reply on account of the formation of the ground. They were then ordered to retire to their former position. In this assault the adjutant, Horace Buchanan, was severely woanded, and that night, when on picket, several of the regiment met with the same misfortune. On the 2d of July, they moved to a position a mile to the left, and on the 3rd the march was continued after the retreating rebels. The regiment lost in these battles ten in killed and mortally wounded^ and twelve wounded not mortally. In these engagements Arthur McArthur, Jr., served as lieutenant colonel, and Alvah Philbrook as major, both having been commissioned the 8th of June. The Twenty-fifth Regiment advanced over the abandoned works of the enemy on the 19th of June, and took position on a hill which they fortified. They were constantly exposed to the enemy's fire, and were engaged in siege and fatigue duty until the 3rd of July, when they moved forward with the army. The Twenty-sixth Regiment followed and drove the enemy from point to point, until they took position, on the 19th, before the formidable rebel works on Kenesaw Mountain. When near Noses Creek, on the 17th, one of their skirmish parties made a bold push and captured a rebel battle-flag. On the 22d they participated in a severe engagement, which resulted in the capture of the rebel rifle-pits, with a loss to the regiment of nine killed and thirty wounded, the commander, Colonel Winkler, receiving a bullet through his hat. The following day they moved to the right, and took position on the road to Powder Spring, which they intrenched and held, in the face of an incessant fire from the sharp-shooters and artillery of the enemy, until the 3rd of July. Their total loss was eleven in killed and mortally wounded, and thirty-six in wounded not mortally. On the 4th of June, a detachment of the First Wisconsin Cavalry occupied Ackworth, having previously defeated a small body of rebels who held the place. On the 6th, with 720 ' WISCONSIN IN THE WAR the brigade, they participated in a sharp skirmish and occupied Big Shanty, whence they marched on the 9th on a reconnois sance to the front. On the 14th, we find them encamped in an orchard, near Ackworth, which they left on the 16th, joining with the right wing of the army in its attack upon Lost Moun tain. From this point the enemy retreated on the 17th, the second brigade pursuing, on the south side of the mountain, till ordered to the rear for the protection of communications at Ackworth, but returning on the 20th to a position south of Lost Mountain. On the 1st of July, the division was ordered to reconnoitre south of Powder Springs. At the Sweetwater two rebel brigades were encountered, who retreated, followed some five or six miles by Stoneman's cavalry, while the first division went into camp at Howell's Ferry, on the Creek. On the 3rd they moved toward the Chattahoochee, coming up with Stoneman's division, from which scouts were sent still farther to feel the position of the enemy. They were discov ered some two or three miles below, but in such force that several attacks, with numbers each time augmented, still failed to dislodge them. On the afternoon of the 4th, they went back on the Marietta road to meet supplies, a welcome duty to boys living on three-fifths rations, occasionally without any. The horses, too, were so much reduced for want of forage, that a few days after nearly half belonging to the regiment were condemned as unfit for service. On the 5th; they removed to the extreme left, and the next day reconnoitered the ford and ferry on the Chattahoochee, ten miles east of Marietta, finding rebel batteries in position on the opposite bank. On the 15th, the division removed to the fortifications commanding the rail road bridge, a position left vacant by the advancing infantry. Here an artillery skirmish took place with the rebels on the south bank of the river, which created at first considerable excitement, then amusement, concluding with a traffic in coffee arid tobacco, and finally a good swim together — an episode of which the higher powers fortunately took no notice. The Fifth Wisconsin Battery took position, on the 15th of June, in front of the first line of the enemy on Kenesaw Moun tain, which was held until he withdrew to his main line on the 19th. On the morning of the 23rd they took possession of BATTLES OF KENESAW MOUNTAIN. 721 some earth-works, which had been thrown up the previous night by our troops on a low ridge 1,200 yards from the moun tain. Here they were fired upon by artillery upon the mountain several hundred feet above, which, however, did not -injure them. The ammunition chests, caissons, and horses were sent to the rear, and the battery opened with its Napoleon guns. upon the rebels above, compelling them finally to withdraw their pieces. Here the battery remained until July 2d, when it moved five miles to the; right and rejoined its division. The cannonading in this battle was often terrific. As many as three hundred pieces were sometimes heard playing on that line at once. The engagements on the skirmish lines, though between smaller forces, were frequently very severe. These are often lost sight of amid the larger battles. One officer says, " I can testify that some of the most determined engagements of the war, considering the numbers, have been on the skirmish line." On one line the First Regiment stood and fought six or eight hours when the enemy had three or four times their number. Lieutenant Montague at one time was on duty thirty-six hours without food or rest; and such, doubtless, was the experience Of others. He speaks of prayer-meetings being held at night along the rebel lines, so near that the language in prayer and song could be heard. This may have been a hypocritical pretence to overawe our men. Again, there were really praying men among the rebels, who were deceived as to the character of the questions at issue. The names of the wounded were : Fibst Regiment. June 1st to July 4th, at Kenesaw Mountain. Company C — Wm-. H. DouglaSi E . Vanderback. Gompany E — E. Cary,F. Delmer. Company R— M. Nellis, E. Chappell. Gompany 7— C. French. Gompany E—K. Reiser, H. Flanagan — 9. Third Regiment. May 26th to July nth, at Kenesaw and vicinity. Gompany A — Priv. Hubbard Hart. CompomyC — Privs. Wm. Clarno, Geo. Bowdon. Com pany D — Sergt. Wm. Smith, Corp. Joseph Wilks, Privs. W,m. Cook, -Anson G. Sears, Wm. H. Bridleman, Fred. Slitzberger. Company E — Corp. Edw. Parrott. Company 730 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Twenty-fourth Regiment. Company E — Privs. John Hadalin, Martin TJnger. G — Sergt. J. L. Dickinson, Corp. Martin Weinhart — 4. Twenty-sixth Regiment. In July. Company A — Corp. Kenry Van Eweyke, Privs. Julius Semish, Fred. Sholtz. Company B — Sergts. Charles Weinrich, H. Bfanneschwig, Privsl Wm. Ewald, Aug. Wendorf, Fred. Winter. Company G — Corps. Aug. Truemper, Ferdinand Krueger, Priv. Peter Weber. Company B— Corps. Bartholomaus Peissue, Mich. Huntz, Privs. Wm. Krsemer, F. K. Warner. Company E — Capt. Wm. Steinmeyer, Privs. Ed. Dreblob, J. Urban. Company F— Sergts. John Voight, W. Liptnan, Privs. L. Busch, J. Schmidt, J. Shultz, P. New man, F. Winter. Company G — Privs. Peter Philipsen, William Hughes. Company 77— Sergt. Randolph Seibelist, Corp. Peter Mauer, Privs. Frank. Zager, Franz Ruter Company 7— Privs. Christian Crusius, Ed. Johnson, J. Bulda. Gompany E — Corp. Henry Lorch, Privs. Chas. Orth, Friedrich Kemmle, J. Karr, C. Hartsman — 39. BATTLES OF BALD HILL — JULY TWENTY-FIRST AND TWENTY-SECOND. At the battle of Bald Hill, on the 21st, the Twelfth and Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry were in the first brigade of Gen eral Leggett's division, on the extreme left of the line, and south of the Augusta Railroad. In the assault that morning upon the enemy's works, these regiments had the advance. They crossed a corn-field, and charged up the hill under a withering fire from the rebel intrenchments in front and Dn their right. They pressed forward without wavering, entered the rebel works with loud cheers, and then com menced a hand to hand fight with bayonets and the butts of their muskets. When finally they drove out the desperate rebels, and held the works, the ground was strewn with dead and wounded. The brigade pursued the flying foe sixty rods, until a fire from the rebel works beyond drove them back to the hill they had taken, which they held under repeated charges of the enemy to recapture it. On this day, Lieutenant Colo nel Reynolds, of the Sixteenth, was wounded in the thigh by '& rebel sharp-shooter. Captain Hovey, of Company C, of the same regiment, was mortally wounded. Adjutant D. L. Jones was wounded in the neck, and Captain Wheeler, of Company G, was shot through both thighs. The following day the infuriated rebels moved around and attacked the hill from front and rear simultaneously. The Wisconsin men were undismayed, and fought first those charging from the rear, until they had thrown them into disorder; then, crossing to the other front of their works, checked the column pressing up on that side. Those first repulsed now rallied and were BATTLES OF BALD HILL. 731 again repulsed, when the men turned for the fourth time, and drove the assailants who were again moving up in front. The yelling rebels swarmed around that hill like bees robbed of their hive. The smoke of battle and the missiles of death filled the air. The determined enemy next marched a com pact column down the line of works, capturing battery after bat tery, and turning them upon our men, thus enfilading the whole line occupied by our troops. Moving triumphantly forward to the key position held by the first brigade, now commanded by Colonel Bryant, they had reached a position within a few rods of the waiting Twelfth and Sixteenth Wisconsin, when they rose, and there commenced one of the most dreadful scenes of carnage. The rebels were -mown down' in heaps. Still they pressed on, and even into the works, only to be slain. The sixth corps now fell upon their rear, and compelled them to relinquish the attack. During this battle, the regi ments fought at times back to back, the enemy in front and on both flanks. One wing of the Twelfth was without protec tion from works. A portion of this regiment fought a party of rebels who were under the works until daylight of the 23rd. The ground in front of the position was nearly covered with the enemy's dead and severely wounded, which he had left when he abandoned the assault. On the 22d, Major Craig, of the Sixteenth, was wounded in the right arm and thigh, The Twelfth Regiment, numbering less than six hundred in all, lost, in the two days' fighting, one hundred and eighty-eight in killed, wounded, and missing. On the 21st, they captured forty-eight prisoners and several hundred small arms. Five color-bearers were shot, and both flag-staffs shot off". Their heaviest loss was on the 21st. In fifteen minutes on that day, nearly one fourth of their number fell. The Sixteenth lost one hundred and sixteen killed and wounded, and seven missing, in the two days' action. The Seventeenth Regiment was actively engaged, with the Twelfth and Sixteenth (in another brigade), in the assault on Bald Hill, on the 21st, and in repelling the charge of. the rebels the following day. Privates Michael Murphy and Charles Voss, of Company D, and Albert Otto, of Company I, were killed. Several were wounded. 732 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Wisconsin wounded at Bald Hill were : Twelfth Regiment. On July 2/lst. Company A — Sergt. A. McKee, Privs. J. Caniff, M. Denham, J. Caruthers, M. E. Lyness, A. F. Ottman, Francis Barrett, A. Barrett, J. M. Oollum.W. A. Burnett, N. K. Hammer, A. N. Olin. Company B — 1st Sergt. J. Miles, Privs. J. Stuttleburg, L. L. Townsend, G. Feight, H. P. Ballard, Hiram Hawkins, S. G. Davis, J. Dodge, J. Carstetter, 0. Carnes, L. Seeley, W. F. Sanborn. Company G — Capt. F. Wilson, Privs. J. Slater, P. Clemmens, M. Raw- don, M. Oleson, Ole Oleson, J. Laird, W. B. Pine, Thos. M. Goldsworthy. Com pany D—Govp. G. R. Holt, Privs. E. Callahan, J. Holt, W. Ebert, P. B. Gibson, W. W. Myers, C. C. Smith, J. M. Wheeler, D. J. Sullivan, B. F. Marsden. Com pany E — Capt. J. Gillespie, Sergts. H. W. Stutson, M. Griffin, Privs. M- Clement, J. Camp, E. M. Terrell, W. L. Mosher, 0. Wright, H. W. Rood, J. Lawsha. Com pany F— Sergts. L. Turner, J. Pease, Privs. D. Brunette, W. P. Jones, D. P. Nason, J. Dish, R. Arsens, J. Ward, B. B. Barker, A. F. Buck, D. D. Richardson, C. Heidenworth, M. Oliver, W. Luck Company G — Sergt. G.L.Lang, Gompany R— Privs. M. Jones, J. Cox, R. Roe, M. Jarvey, J. A. Jackson, D . J. Hubbard, J; Dtmlap, G. M. Dickenson, J. Warren. Company 7— Corp. D. B. Summers, Privs. H. A. Schaffer, J. B. Summers, A. McVey, G. Churchill, C. Dugann, S. Rakey, W. B. Pugh. Company E— Privs. A. J. Bolson, T. Torgenson, C. Carver — 87. On July 2 2d. Company A — Priv. S. Huddlestone. Company B — Capt. G. "Stevens, Sergt. W. H. Inman, Privs. J. W. Root, C. Games, L. Seeley, 0. Morrill, E. A. Robinson, T. Featherstone, B. Mason, E. Gorman. Company C — Privs. S. Hocking, H. Knudson. Company D — Capt. J. M. Price. Company G — Privs. J. Grignon, T. B. McClaughney, A. A. Johnson. Company 77— Priv. M. Hogarty. Company E — Priv. J. Milison — 19. Sixteenth Regiment. On July 21st and 22d. Lt. Col. Thomas Reynolds, severely in thigh. Company A — Capt. James A. Biggert, Corp. J. Adams, Privs. John Fratzkee, Marion Perry, Chas. H. Smith. Company B — Corps. L. Stevens, Chas. Smith, Privs. Philip Ryan, John Johnson, Eli Field, Hiram Keezer, Blake L. De Land. Company C— 1st Sergt. D. L. Jones, Sergt. F. P. Thompson, Corp. Richard Powers, Privs. T. G. Ross, A. Pringle. Company E — Privs. Melvin W. Burdick, E. J. Bonnell, J. W. H. Craig, Henry Rigger, Jos. Smith, John Schaller. Company F — Capt. Jos. Craig, Corps. Daniel Porter, Dennis Kavanaugh, Privs. H. Wedder, Stephen Corey, S. A. Carey, F. E. Peck, Perry Dunning, W. O'Connor, John Hilton, Dudley Pray. Company G — Capt. John R. Wheeler, Sergt. Wm. Lake, Priv. Patrick Keogh. Company 77— Privs. Peter Dewey, Edwin Prindle, Alfred Bolton, Ever Nelson, Abraham , G. Abbott, and Ferdinand Hasler. Company 7— Corps. Thos. H. Leslie, Jacob Fawcitt, Chas. Eckerson, Privs. L. Bishop, Charles 0. Harris, Michael O'Connor, William E. Tuthill, Nathan E. Un derwood, Samuel Worrill, James H. Williamson, William H. Rice, L. Roberts. Company E — Lt. H. G. Cleveland, Privs. John Trogner, John Allright, Sumner Wiggins, C. Linsey, J. W. Cline, R. McKnight — 53. Seventeenth Regiment. At Bald Hill and vicinity, from July 11th to 28th. Company A — Privs. J. Smith, Frank Jackie. Company B — Privs. P. Doyle, John Peterson, John Lininger. Company I) — Priv. Michael Murphy. Company F — Privs. J. Donahue, Peter Delmer. Gompany 77- — Corp. Henry Weaver, Priv. F. McKenna. Company 7— Priv. Christian Pohl. BATTLE OF DECATUR — JULY TWENTY-SECOND. The Twenty-fifth Wisconsin Infantry passed through Deca tur, Georgia, on the 19th of July, and the following day camped in rear of General Logan's command, on the right of the Army of theTennessee, near Atlanta. On the 21st, they were ordered with their brigade back to Decatur, to guard the flanks of the BATTLE OF DECATUR. 733 aVmy train. The next day Companies B, E, F, and I, and four companies of Ohio troops, all under command of Colonel Montgomery, of the Twenty-fifth, made a reconnoissance, (the rebels being reported to be in force upon their front,) advancing three-quarters of a mile up a road, on the west of which was an impassable marsh, and on the other side a deep miry ditch. They met two divisions of rebel cav alry, who opened a heavy fire upon them, driving the skir mishers back to the reserve, which was in position upon the left of the road, and which also was soon compelled to fall back, moving to the left. During this movement, Colonel Montgomery was wounded in the arm and captured. Lieu tenant Colonel Rusk narrowly escaped, and only by the greatest boldness and very prompt action. After holding the enemy in check for a time, as he attempted to retire six or eight rebels charged upon him with bayonets. One of them seized his sword hanging at his side, whom the'colonel shot in the head, but as he fell he still clung to the sword, and broke it from its fastening. Then the colonel put spurs to his horse and escaped, though the noble horse was shot before getting beyond the reach of the rebel bullets. The command fell fell back to camp fighting, and the whole foree then retreated to the town, and half a mile beyond, where the rebels were checked. The train was thus saved for which the rebels had been fighting, but it was only by the loss . to the regiment of fifteen men killed, fifty men wounded,- and twenty-five miss ing, besides three known to have been captured — one of them their Colonel. After burying the dead, the regiment marched, on the 23rd, through the town, and advanced . two miles on the Atlanta road, where they erected breast-works, and bivou acked until the 25th. The wounded at Decatur were as follows : Company B — Privs. Robert Carter, Simon S. Blake, James Blair, Miner Bennett. J. A. W. Merrill, Timothy Manning, James Lewis, Robert J. Nemock, Wm. B. Peckham. Company C— Sergt. Z. Thomas, Privs. C. C. Coates, C. Croft, N. Doty, I. C. Murray, C. 0. Jones, H. Julius, W. D. Worden Company D— Sergt. D. B. Bon, both legs, A. J. Poster, Priva. John Birdsill, Peter Boyle, W. Wilcox, R. B. Dunlap. Company E— Sergt. B. F. Bailey, Corp. Geo. Douglass, Privs. Geo. M. Thomas, F. Stanover, B. C. Durley, J. N. Clifton, W. T. Long, J. M. Rosey, J. • Eiserman, E. Worley. Company F— Privs. E. Lockmac, D. Soper. Company G — Privs. C. V. Allen, S. Bears. Company R— Privs. B. Stell, R. Crouch. Company 7— Privs. S. P. Muffley, S. Moody, P. Kees. Gompany A"— Sergt. C. H. Anderson, Priv. H. Finch — 44. Twenty-five were also reported as missing. 734 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. THE REDUCTION OF ATLANTA. The First Regiment joined in the siege of Atlanta. Nearly four weeks were spent in cannonading the city. July 25th, Lieutenant Montague was transferred to the .staff of the brigade, as acting assistant adjutant general. On the 28th the brigade went to the right to support the Army of the Tennessee, in an engagement with the enemy, in which our troops came off victorious, and Hood's " offensive operations against the brutal invaders" there terminated. The First joined in the movement to the rear of Atlanta, and September 1st, took part in the battle at Jonesboro, twenty-five miles south of the " Gate City." Their brigade first routed the enemy near that place, and then, in connection with the four teenth corps, General Jefferson C. Davis, fought them in their intrenched works nearly the whole afternoon, until they fled. If the fourth corps had come up, as was expected, many of the enemy might have been captured. The Third Regiment came in front of Atlanta July 22d, 1864, and remained there under fire until August 25th, when, with their brigade and division, they fell back to the Chatta hoochee River to prevent a movement of the rebel army in that direction. Colonel Hawley reports, in the operations near Atlanta, five killed, and twenty-one wounded — two mortally. And the casualties of his regiment, during the campaign, were twenty-three killed, one hundred and sixty-two wounded, and one missing. General Ruger, formerly colonel of this regi ment, commanded, in this campaign, the brigade to which it was attached (the second brigade, first division, twentieth army corps), and was actively and creditably engaged at the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kulp Farm, and Peach Tree Creek. The Twelfth Regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Proudfit, was in the movement by Howard toward the Macon Railway, July 28th, and when at noon the fifteenth corps, two miles in advance, were severely attacked, they moved rapidly for ward, outstripping all other reinforcements, and joined in the battle just at the moment to save the Federals from defeat. THE REDUCTION OF ATLANTA. 735 They lost on that day nineteen killed and wounded. Immedi ately after they took position in the trenches before Atlanta, where they remained nearly a month. At Jonesboro, August 31stj they joined in repulsing the enemy after a severe battle. September 1st, they were also engaged, and the next day pur sued the retreating foe. The Fifteenth Regiment, on arriving before Atlanta, were engaged in picket and fatigue duties until August 25th, when they joined in the movement to the south of that city, and participated in the engagement at Jonesboro, September 1st, and in the pursuit of the enemy that followed, returning to Atlanta September 9th. The Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry, after the battle at Bald Hill, took part in the same duties and engagements that occu pied the Fifteenth Wisconsin to September 9th. The Seventeenth had a similar history during the siege, and were engaged in the battle at Jonesboro, August 31st, and in that at Lovejoy's Station, September 2d, and encamped six miles from Atlanta September 9th. The Twenty-first Regiment, while at Kenesaw, came under command of Major Fitch, Colonel Hobart having been placed in command of three regiments, one wing of the first brigade of their division. In the siege the regiment bore a prominent part. August 7th, they charged upon the enemy's heavy line of skirmishers, posted in extensive field-works, and captured a rebel captain and thirteen prisoners, having thirteen of their own men wounded, Captain Henry Turner being one. The position gained was within one hundred and fifty paces of the enemy's main line of works, and was held until August 26th, under constant fire. They were also engaged in the expe dition to the south of Atlanta, and returned September 8th,1 just four months after the opening of the campaign at Rocky Face Ridge. In that time they lost one hundred and twelve killed and wounded, one hundred and ten disabled by disease and fatigue, leaving one-third of the arms-bearing men to enter Atlanta. The Twenty-second Regiment shared in the movements of the twentieth corps, and after the siege and fatigue duties before the city, on the 25th of August, moved to Turner's 736 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Ferry, on the Chattahoochee, and threw up intrenchments to defend the pontoon bridge across that stream. They encamped in Atlanta September 2d. The Twenty-fourth took position before Atlanta, and threw up fortifications, where they remained until the night of the 25th of August, when they joined in the movement to the right, struck the Macon railroad, and spent part of September 1st in destroying it. While thus engaged, they heard severe firing at their right, near Jonesboro, and pushing rapidly for ward, went into the battle, where Lieutenant F. Schlenstedt was killed. The next day they advanced to Lovejoy's Station, went into position, and remained until the night of September 5th, when they retired, and September 8th arrived at Atlanta. The Twenty-fifth Regiment having arrived before Atlanta, moved, on the night of the 26th of July, twenty-two miles in the rear of the army, from the left to the right flank, and with their brigade drove the enemy from a hill, where they lay on their arms the remainder of the night, and the next morning threw up fortifications. On the following clay, the 28th, they were under fire during the heavy battle. July 31st, they were detailed as grand guard, and placed on the skirmish line. August 9th, they fortified a position within five hundred yards of the rebel main lines, and maintained it until Sherman moved to the right and to the south of Atlanta. They assisted in destroying the Atlanta and West Point Railroad, and Sep tember 1st, were present, but not actively engaged, at the battle of Jonesboro. They moved to Lovejoy's Station, and returned to East Point, six miles from Atlanta. The Twenty-sixth Regiment was placed in the front line before Atlanta, August 3rd, and during the siege occupied a number of different positions, and took part in several recon- noissanees and many skirmishes, losing three men killed and four wounded. August 25th, they silently withdrew, with other troops, to Turner's Ferry, and returned to Atlanta after the evacuation. The Thirty-first Regiment reached the line of battle, July 21st, and soon after moved with the army on Atlanta, and took position before the enemy's works at the front. Defences were thrown up near the rebel works, where they were con- WISCONSIN TROOPS AT ATLANTA. 737 stantly under fire, until August 25th, when they went back to the Chattahoochee .Railroad Bridge, and remained until Atlanta was evacuated. The Thirty-second Regiment joined the forces before Atlanta on the 7th of August. The next day they took posi tion in line of battle, and on the 9th, moved still farther for ward, where they remained until the 13th, when they advanced within half a mile of the rebel forts. Though engaged in siege and fatigue duty, they were constantly under fire, until relieved on the 24th, when they fell back to the second line of works. They also took part in the movement to the south of Atlanta, and on August 31st and September 1st, engaged in the fight ing at Jonesboro, losing six killed, fifteen wounded, and six prisoners. The Fifth Battery advanced on the 22d, and took position within two miles of Atlanta, where they constructed earth works. They changed position several times, and August 6th, silenced a rebel battery, while our infantry advanced and carried two lines of rifle-pits, and captured many prisoners. September 1st, they fought three hours in the battle of Jonesboro. The Tenth Battery, August 14th, joined General Kilpatrick in his raid on the communications of Atlanta. They fought the enemy at Red Oak, Jonesboro, and Lovejoy's Station. At the first place they destroyed the track of the Atlanta and West Point Railroad, at the second they cut the Macon Railway, and at the third place, when the enemy were closing in upon their rear, they charged through them and escaped, the Tenth losing four wounded and one missing. Subsequently they had still other engagements, and, September 7th, fired the last shot of Sherman's campaign. The First Wisconsin Cavalry served as rear guard to the Union forces as they clustered around Atlanta, having frequent and successful engagements with the enemy. July 27th, they left their camp at Mason's Church, crossed the Chattahoochee, and constituted a part of McCook's force on his raid south of Atlanta. At Rivertown, McCook, with the main column, passed on to Palmetto, while Major Paine, with the First Wis consin, was ordered to take the roqd up the river to Campbell- 47 738 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. town, fight his way through by Fairburn, and join the command at Fayetteville, the route being several miles nearer the main army of the enemy, and masking that of our main column. Proceeding on the Fairburn road, at first with but little resist ance, the rebel skirmishers gradually increased till our advance, falling back upon reserves, formed in line of battle. It was at this point that " Major Paine charged, at the head of three companies, with such impetuosity as to break through the enemy's line and crush his reserve column in wild confusion. While fighting hand to hand, he was shot through the breast," and fell, giving his last word of command, " Forward." But willing as the troops would have been to obey, it was impossible. The full force of the enemy, hitherto shut out by the thick chaparral lining the road, was now more apparent, and from behind their breast-works such a continued volley was poured in, as to sweep down the front ranks and throw all into confusion. As soon as possible, the troops were rallied, and retreated to the cover of the thicket, where, had the enemy but realized his advantage, they might have been completely destroyed. But supposing McCook's whole force were engaged, the rebels contented themselves with continuous firing through the thicket, fortunately doing no injury. Here the regiment remained half an hour, when, discovering the enemy's attempt to reach their rear, they fell back and re- crossed the river. No pursuit was attempted, for by this time the sky was growing red with a light which indicated McCook's true position. Deeming it unsafe to join the main command, already six hours in advance, Captain Smith sent forward couriers to report the regiment, and proceeded with the pon toon train to Marietta. The rebel force encountered was after ward found to be Armstrong's cavalry, 2,000 strong. The loss to the regiment was Major Paine and a private, killed; Lieu tenant Warren wounded and captured ; and ten men missing. The main expedition, with the second brigade, under Lieuten ant Colonel Torrey, of the First Wisconsin, as advance guard, penetrated to Lovejoy's Station, on the Macon Railway, des troying railroad communications, and a large amount of rebel property, besides securing hundreds of prisoners. They were at last interrupted in thair work, surrounded, overpowered, FOURTH CAVALRY AT ATLANTA. 739 and compelled to retreat. The prisoners were abandoned, and the column, cutting its way through to the Chattahoochee, •escaped. " Lieutenant Colonel Torrey having sent his aids and orderlies to guide the column through, charged without any personal attendant, at the head of a small party, to drive back a body of the enemy* which appeared upon his flank. The charge was met by a severe fire, and his horse came rider less out of the fight." From Marietta the regiment moved ten miles south-west, where they were stationed, covering the return stragglers from General McCook's forces until the 7th * of August, when they marched to the railroad bridge across the Chattahoochee. On the 10th, they were put in motion toward Cartersville, on the Etowah, there to rest, and remount as fast as possible. They had less than two hundred mounted men, as many more dismounted but otherwise unfit for duty, mak* ing only half of the eight hundred that marched out of Cleve land, Tennessee, at the opening of the campaign. The greater part of the remainder were distributed in hospitals from the Chattahoochee to Madison, Wisconsin. But some had fallen; in McCook's raid both their lieu tenant colonel and major. Colonel Torrey was missing in action July 29th, 1864, doubtless shot, from his. horse in a thicket. He was a very brave and energetic officer, and left many behind him to speak well of his merits in that regard. Major Nathan Paine was the youngest son of Major E. L. Paitie, of Oshkosh, Wisconsin ; was born at Orwell, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, September 20th, 1835 ; emigrated with his parents to Wisconsin 1855; .graduated with honor, at Lawrence University, 1860 ; and completed the law course at the University of Albany, New York, in 1861. Returning to Wisconsin, his home, under a sense of duty to his country, he enlisted in Company G, First Regiment Wis consin Cavalry, in August, 1861, was elected lieutenant, and soon after promoted to the captaincy of that company. Before the regiment left the State, he was married to Miss Olive W. Copeland, daughter of Reverend David Copeland, of Oshkosh, a lady who had been his classmate at the Lawrence University. Colonel 0. H. LaGrange, of that regiment, gives the follow- 740 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ing testimony concerning him : " September 28th, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of major, for gallant and meritorious service in the field. He was constantly on duty with the regi ment, participating in all its marches and battles, and his known judgment, energy, and bravery, often led to his being selected for important and dangerous commands. He was admired and loved by all who knew him, and his name was honored throughout the corps. His person was fine, and his manners dignified, but singularly graceful and winning. His mind and body were alike harmoniously developed, and his ambition was of that beneficent character which seeks only noble ends by worthy means. These traits made him the very type of ' a successful man,' and none ever doubted the accom plishment of whatever he might undertake. He was gentle without weakness, firm without obstinacy, and terribly earnest without a shade of fanaticism. His courage, springing from moral convictions, and sustained by the conclusions of a just judgment, was of the old heroic quality which accepts no com promise, and yields to no opposition. When he started on the march in which he fell, his Gommander said, ' If that order is within the limit of human possibility, Paine will execute it.* He knew the danger, and gave a few directions to a near friend at starting, but not a shade of emotion disturbed the calm serenity of his noble face. Near Campbelltown he attacked a superior force of the enemy with such impetuosity as to drive it about three miles, when he was met by an entire rebel division, and, while charging at the head of his advance guard, was struck in the breast by a musket ball." Major N. Jones says that he dismounted, and stood leaning*against his horse, when Captain Robinson came to him, to whom he said, " I'm shot — I'm shot dead," and then, turning to his men, gave the word of command, " Forward !" and fell. Colonel La Grange continues : " With one arm in a sling from an old injury, he fell, sword in hand, among the foe. His enemies were awed by the stern majesty of his fleeting spirit, and fulfilled his few requests. Hib grave is on the ground that received the sacred baptism of his blood ; but he should have a monument at the capital, with his last command — "For ward" — as an inscription, and his pure fame, which is now a Western EtoaoAirmo Co-Chioj /&Z&&^C MAJ_NATHAN PAINE - 1 s_L wi S_ CAVALRY. ENGMED EXPBESSLrFOB'WISCONSININTHE WM) OFTHli REBELLION' MAJOR NATHAN PAINE. 741 part of the imperishable history of the republic, is a more precious legacy to the wife who loved him, and the infant daughter whom he never saw, than would be the richest treasures or the highest honors won in a less holy cause." The history of this campaign fully shows that Wisconsin furnished a large number of the troops engaged in it, and that they were of the bravest and best. The Wisconsin wounded at Atlanta and vicinity were as follows : First Regiment. In August. Company A — M. Schwartz. Company B — Jqhn White, J, W. Cook, N. King, F. Carter. Company C—G. Clarke, W. McFee, J. Evans, M Goea. Company X>— J. Strong, J. M. Clark, W. Wright, D. L. Green. Company E — W. Adams. Company G — A. Barden, S.- Sanborn. Company 77- — Capt. John C. McMullen, J. A. Welch, F. Tesch, C. French, J. B. Bowen, M. Shufeldt, J. F. Fitch, H. McLane, H Krumdick. Company E— Sergt. G. Wood— 26. Third Regiment. Company A — Corp. H. Hart. Company B — Privs. L. W. James, M. Lawrence, W. D. J. Smith. Company C— Priv. G. 0. Durell. Com pany D — Privs. G. W. Norton, L. Fairbanks, Alexander Bassett. Company E— Priv. B. F. Wood. Company F — Lt. E. L. Blanchard, Corp. G. H. Meissner. Company — Privs. W. Evans, M. Dunn. Company E — Sergt. M. Van Norman. Company 77— Corps. W. H. Davis, H. Terharr. Company 7— Priv. J. H. Dollar. Company E — 2d Lt A. F. Cook— 10. Thirty-second Regiment. Company A — Corp. A. Holmes. Company B — Corps. H. Haste, J. A. Smith. Company C—J. D. Gee. Company D — Priv. Henry S. Abbott. Company E — Priv. J. Norton, G. H. Skimmerhorn. Company F — Privs. P. E. Weise, J. Blandin. Company R— -Privs. Geo. Buxton, C. A. Safford. Com pany 7— Corp. C. Cordes, Privs. J. Morgan,- C. Rupert Company K— Priv. H. Lovejoy — 15. OHAPTEE V. 1IU.JA AMD EED EIVER EXPEDITIONS. EIGHTH, NINTH, FOURTEENTH, TWENTY-THIRD, TWENTY- SEVENTH, TWENTY-NINTH, AND THIRTY-THIRD WISCONSIN INFANTRY, AND FIRST BATTERY.— -GENEBAL BANKS IN COMMAND, GENEBAL WASH- BTJBN MOVES THE THIRTEENTH CORPS TO NEW ORLEANS, GENERAL FBANKLIN AT SABINE PASS, — MARCH TO 0PEL0TJSAS, — Battle of Grand Coteau.— Capture of Fmi Esperamsa, — TEXAS AT OUR MERCY, — WHY NOT TAKEN AND HELD, TWENTY-THIRD AND TWENTY-NINTH WISCONSIN AT GRAND COTEAU, — Red River Expedition,— CAPTURE OP FORT DE RUSSY, — Battle of Saoine Cross RoadSf— Battle of Pleasant Hill, — RELEASE OF ADMIRAL PORTER'S FLEET BY COLONEL BAILEY, GENEEAL STEELE'S MOVEMENT FROM LITTLE BOCK TOWARD BED EIVER, Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, — GENEEAL SALOMON'S SERVICES IN THAT BATTLE, — BIOGBAPHI- CAL SKETCH. As early as November, 1862, when General Banks was appointed to the command of the Department of the Gulf, an expedition up the Red River was under consideration by the General Government. After the capture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson, that subject again received attention. One design of it was to open an outlet for the sugar and cotton of Northern Louisiana, and another to make that river the base of operations in Texas, where it was deemed important to plant and defend the American flag. General Banks preferred to reach Texas by way of the sea, and attempted to do so. About the middle of August, 1863, General Washburn moved the thirteenth corps, consisting1 of about 16,000 men, to New Orleans, pursuant to an arrangement between Generals Grant and Banks. A movement on Mobile or Texas was under consideration. The latter was chosen. The plan was, 744 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. , to land troops at Sabine Pass, and make a campaign inland, capturing Houston, and swooping down on Galveston from the rear. General Franklin, who commanded the nineteenth corps, was started out from New Orleans, with 6,000 men and several gunboats, with orders to take and hold Sabine Pass, and send back his transports, when General Washburn was to follow with the thirteenth corps. General Franklin, on arriving at Sabine Pass, found it defended by a fort manned, as was afterward ascertained, by only forty-two men. Two of the gunboats attempted to run past the batteries, but both got aground, and were captured Thereupon, General Franklin,- without attempting to land troops, or to carry the fort by assault, wheeled about and returned, as rapidly as possible, to New Orleans. This is an affair of which the public knows little, but was really one of the most disgraceful of the war. An army of 6,000 men and several gunboats whipped and driven back by forty-two men ! On the return of General Franklin to New Orleans, General Banks changed his tactics, and determined to send his army to Texas over land. The thir teenth corps left New Orleans about the middle of September, and proceeded to Brashear City, on Berwick Bay, by railroad. There they were joined by General Franklin and the nine teenth corps, and all marched through Louisiana, until they reached Qpelousas, where a dispatch came from General Banks saying that they had better remain where they were until they should again hear from him, as he had determined, with one division of the thirteenth corps left behind in New Orleans, to make another attempt to land on the coast, and if he succeeded, they must retrace their steps to New Orleans, and follow him by sea. He did succeed, and landed without opposition at Brazos Santiago, near the Rio Grande. As they retraced their steps, General Franklin being in command, General Bur- bridge, with the fourth division, was attacked, on the morning of November 3rd, by an overwhelming force, with great im petuosity. General Washburn, hearing the -cannonading four miles distant, rapidly marched back with the third division, and arrived just in time to save the fourth from total annihila tion. The fight was very severe, and is known as the battle of " Grand Coteau ;" sometimes called the battle of Carrion Crow Bayou. TEXAS AND RED RIVER EXPEDITION. 745 General Washburn landed on St. Joseph's Island, and joined General Banks on Mustang Island just as he was about to return to New Orleans. But General Washburn took 2,800 men, and went up the coast sixty miles, to capture a strong fort at Cavallo Pass. A severe and lengthy storm came on, but on November 27th, at noon, they arrived within cannon shot of Fort Esperanza, a strong work, bomb proof, cased with railroad iron, and surrounded by a deep moat filled with water; manned by 1,000 men, and mounting ten guns, the largest a one hundred and twenty-eight pounder. At night on the 29th, they had driven the enemy from, and taken possession of, all their out-works, and advanced their sharp shooters so near, that no rebel dared to show his head above the parapet. The intention was to carry the works by assault the next day, but about midnight the enemy evacuated it, and blew it up, with a tremendous explosion. This gave us the command of the entire coast of Texas, from Matagorda Bay to the Rio Grande. General Washburn issued immediate orders for continuing the march up the coast, intending to capture Galveston within ten days, but he received an order the same day the fort was captured, written by General Banks just before his departure for New Orleans, directing him, in case he should capture Fort Esperanza, to make no further move until he should authorize it. He remained on the coast of Texas until January 16th, 1864, and becoming satisfied that there would be no further move made there, he availed him self of a leave of absence for sixty days. But that opportunity to obtain possession of Texas ougnt never to have been lost, and doubtless would not have been, if General Banks had not forbidden an advance. The Twenty-third Wisconsin took part in this expedition, and being in General Burbridge's command, suffered severely in the battle of Grand Coteau. Two regiments in their front were successively driven back through their line, but the Twenty-third held their position until flanked on both sides, and fell back at the word of command. When General Wash burn came with the third division, the rebels were repulsed with great slaughter, and driven back beyond where the attack was made in the morning. Of the two hundred and twenty who 746 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. went into action, seven were killed or died of wounds, thirty- eight wounded, and eighty-six taken prisoners. The gallant Colonel Guppey and Captain Sorenson were among the severely wounded. The Twenty-ninth Wisconsin was in the third division, and went to the assistance of the fourth, under General Washburn. In the subsequent expedition to the mouth of the Rio Grande, in Texas, the Eleventh, Twentieth, Twenty-third, and Twenty- ninth Regiments, being of the thirteenth corps, took part, encountering a severe storm at sea, and enduring heavy marches on land. The Wisconsin wounded at Grand Coteau were : Twenty-third Regiment. Nov. 3rd. Col. Joshua J. Guppey. Acting Sergt. Major John L. Jolley. Company A — Sergt. Wm. Carey, Corp. Stephen Jex. Com pany B — Sergt. Francis Scott, Privs. Philip Nugent, Edward Kennedy. Company G — Capt. Oliver H. Sorenson (prisoner), Corp. Frederick Ford, Privs. P. Langdon, Silas J. Packard. Company D — Sergt. Henry Morton, Priv. J. Waldschocky. Company E — Corp. Harrison M. Thompson. Company F — Sergt. J. N. Savage, Corp. Henry C. Stanley, Priv. Elisha W. Ellis. Company G — Sergt. J. F. Kent, Corps. Peter J. Harger, Edward Gray, Privs. Franklin Fisher, Daniel O'Rourke, Seth Trask, Henry Russell. Company R— -Sergt. Byron Waffle, Privs. H. Lindsay, Joseph F. Fisher. Company 7— Sergt. L. D. Frost, Corp. E. McGinley, Privs. M. Flesh, Iver Johqson, Anthony Questa, John B. Inskeep. Company E — 1st Sergt. Alexander McGinnis, Sergts. Geo. W. Johnson, William H. Harris, Corp. John E. Linck, Priv. Henry D. Steckl — 38. Taken prisoners, 86. RED RIVER EXPEDITION. Next came the Red River expedition. Early in March, General Franklin moved with his division from New Orleans, by way of Brashear City and Opelousas, to Alexandria, on the Red River. March 10th, 10,000 men, under General A. J. Smith, embarked at Vicksburg for the same place. General Steele, then at Little Rock, was expected, with 10,000 troops, to cooperate with these combined forces. Rear Admiral Porter accompanied the expedition with tweaty powerfully armed steamers. The main force of the enemy before them was at -. Shreveport, four hundred and fifty miles up the Red River, under General Richard Taylor, and Price and Walker were moving to join him with other troops. March 14th, toward evening, General Smith reached Fort De Russy, and after cannonading it for two hours, and then ordering a charge, the garrison surrendered just as our men reached the ditch around the fort. Our loss was four killed and thirty wounded ; RED RIVER EXPEDITION. 747 tile enemy's, five killed, four wounded, and twenty-four officers and two hundred men taken prisoners. On the 21st, Natchi toches, eighty miles above Alexandria, was taken, with two hundred prisoners and four pieces of artillery. General Banks tardily reached Alexandria on the 26th, having the nineteenth eorps, under Genera] Franklin, a portion of the thirteenth, under General Ransom, and 5,000 cavalry, under General A. S. Lee — about 18,000, beside General Smith's 10,000. The expedition left Grand Ecore and Natchi toches April 6th, in this order: first the cavalry, under Lee, with a large supply train; then the detachment of the thirteenth corps, nnder Ransom; the nineteenth, under Franklin; and last, the force under General Smith. The whole body moved on a single narrow road, and stretched along for about thirty miles — an easy prey to the enemy, whose cavalry met our advance, on the 7th, two miles beyond Pleasant Hill, when heavy skirmishing ensued. Being joined by an infantry force, the next morning the march was con tinued until two in the afternoon, when the enemy were met in force at Sabine Cross Roads. General Lee sent informa tion of the feet to General Banks in the rear, who at once went to the front. Lee represented the urgent necessity of felling back, or receiving heavy reinforcements. Banks decided to make a stand there, and sent back for reinforce ments. Before they came the enemy attacked the Unioii forces on the ground, first at our right and centre. That drew troops from our left, which the rebels quickly discovered, and then dashed their forces upon us in that direction. Our fines fell back, the enemy pureued, four guns of Nim's were lost, because we had not enough horses to draw them away ; our bag gage trains blocked np the road, and a panic and confused flight ensued among many who escaped. The rebels pursued us three and a half miles, when they were sternly checked by the nineteenth corps, under General Emory. Eighteen guns of various batteries and two howitzers were left on the field; and of 8,000 Federals engaged, 2,000 were supposed to be lost in killed, wounded, and missing. The force of the enemy was from 12,000 to 18,000. That night General Banks ordered the whole force to fall back silently to Pleasant Hill, where it 748 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. was known that General Smith and his forces had arrived. The next morning, Banks directed Lee to move rearward to Grand Ecore, taking most of the cavalry, what was left of the thirteenth corps, the trains, and several batteries. Skirmishing continued at Pleasant Hill during the day until five o'clock in the afternoon, when the enemy emerged from the woods in our front. The first attack fell upon Emory's division, who yielded before the immense number and fury of the rebels, and retreated up a hill until they reached Gen eral Smith's forces. He first fired upon the rushing and exulting foe with all his artillery, and then immediately charged upon them with his infantry. They were routed, and rapidly driven back to the woods, when night prevented a further pursuit. Several guns lost the day previous were retaken, and five hundred prisoners captured. Early the next morning the army commenced a march to Grand Ecore, thirty- five miles distant. From that place they fell back to Alex andria, which they reached April 27th. The enemy pursued, harassing their rear and sometimes disputing their advance. Meanwhile the fleet — twenty steamers and thirty transports — went up the river to Springfield Landing, where a large sunken steamer prevented further progress. When they heard of the reverse to our army, they turned about to descend the stream. The water was so low that they could not pass the falls above Alexandria. Admiral Porter despaired of getting them below during that season, and as the army was about to abandon that part of the country, he expected their destruction. Lieutenant Colonel Bailey, detached from the Fourth Wis consin, as engineer, now proposed to his- corps commander, Franklin, the building of a dam at the falls, to raise the water sufficient to float the vessels over to deep water below. Frank lin, after hearing the details of the plan, had some confidence' in its feasibility. General Banks was then informed of the plan, and full details laid before him. He gave little encour agement. Lieutenant Colonel Bailey took soundings at the falls, and submitted further details, but obtained only ridi cule from many leading officers, and no encouragement, except from General Franklin. General Banks thought it simply folly and madness to attempt to build a dam which RED RIVER EXPEDITION. 749 Bhould be sufficient for the purpose. Admiral Porter at first was of the same opinion, but at length was persuaded by the earnestness of Bailey to advise General Banks to allow him to try the experiment. On the 29th the latter gave him a detail of 3,000 men to make the attempt, receiving from him the promise that the entire fleet should be safely taken over the falls, without expense to the Government, in twelve days. The next morning work was commenced, and during the follow ing two days and one night Bailey stood over his work without eating or closing his eyes. As the work progressed, ridicule was changed to respect, and scepticism gave way to confidence in the final success of the enterprise. The dam was built at the foot of the lower falls, at a point where the river is seven hundred and fifty-eight feet wide, the water from five to seven fee* deep, and the current ten miles an hour. He placed in the deepest water two coal barges, each twenty-four feet wide and one hundred and seventy feet long. They were placed lengthwise with the river, and sixty-six feet apart. The sides and ends were raised to the necessary height, the barges sunk and filled with stones, thus forming a chute for the vessels to pass through. From each of these a tree dam was built to the shore. The trees cut were from six to twenty inches thick at the butt, and were placed in the water with all the limbs on, the tops up stream. On each layer of trees was placed a transverse piece of timber near the butts, from ten to fifteen inches in diameter, thus raising the butts higher than the tops. Stone, and other heavy materials were placed upon the tops, and when the dam was sufficiently high, fine brush, small stones, and earth were thrown on to tighten the work. The water was raised by this means nearly seven feet. It backed up to the upper falls, and a few vessels passed over, when a portion of the dam gave way. But the work was promptly resumed and carried forward. A series of wing dams were constructed on the upper falls, by which the channel was contracted, and within eleven days from the com mencement, complete success rewarded the enterprise. During the progress of the work, which was kept up day and night, General Bailey say3 he was almost constantly attending to it, not sleeping more than one hour at a time 750 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in the whole period of its construction. " The only expense was the loss of the two barges, and about fifty axes lost in the river. Not a man was injured upon the work." Admiral Porter, in his report to the Secretary of the Navy at the time, paid to Colonel Bailey the highest possible praise for his service. General Banks credited him with great courage, energy, and skill, in his examination before the Con gressional Committee, and General Grant, in his army report at the conclusion of the war, attributes the honor of the sugges tion and construction of the dam, and of the rescue of the fleet, to him. Admiral Porter says the fleet was worth nearly $2,000,000; and that as the Lexington — one of the first and largest boats — passed over, "30,000 voices rose in one deafening cheer, and universal joy seemed to pervade the face of every man present." General Banks also credits Colonel Bailey with the construc tion of a bridge of twenty-two transport steamers — " perhaps the first structure of the kind ever made " — by which the army crossed the Atchafalaya, at Simmsport, on their retreat. Our whole loss, as estimated by General Banks, was 3,500 men in killed, wounded, and prisoners, 500 of the prisoners subse quently returning. Generals Fessenden and T. E. G. Ransom were wounded, the latter very severely. General Banks and nearly all his staff officers attributed the cause of the dis aster to the faulty order of the march, the cavalry train being between the cavalry advance and the infantry, and the various detachments being too far apart for mutual support ; and they held General Franklin responsible for the position of forces. But the Committee of Congress on the conduct of the war, express the opinion that General Banks was under obligation to know and direct in so important a matter. Such will be the opinion of men in general, even though General Franklin failed also in his duty, as undoubtedly he did. The Eighth Regiment, in the spring of 1864, were about to return to Wisconsin on furlough as veterans, but when the Red River expedition was projected, General Sherman desired them to accompany General Smith and take part in it. They were in the second brigade, second division, under .General Mower. They left Vicksburg, by transport, March 10th, landed at Simms ¦ RED RIVER EXPEDITION. 751 port, advanced four miles, and charged upon the rebels at Fort Scurry, capturing prisoners and stores, and proceeding along the Bayou de Glaise thirty-five miles, reached and took part in the reduction of Fort De Russy. While awaiting General Banks' arrival at Alexandria, General Mower took the Eighth and four other regiments, and advancing to Henderson Hill, found the enemy intrenched. They then made a detour of fifteen miles, through cane swamps, to the rear, and at mid night captured the entire force — three hundred and fifty men^ four guns, four hundred horses, and stores and ammunition. This rebel post was only four miles from Dick Taylor and 12,000 of the enemy, and its capture was a brilliant affair. Returning to Alexandria, they marched to Point Cotile, and there took a transport to Grand Ecore, eighty miles above, which place they left April 7th, and marching thirty miles over bad roads, reached Pleasant Hill the next day. On the 9th, when Banks' retreating forces came up, and the battle ensued, the Eighth were first stationed to prevent a flank movement,! and afterward moved rapidly to the front and engaged in the pursuit. Mr. K. A. Burnell, Christian Commission agent, of Wis consin, says : " The enemy came in such numbers, and in such maddened desperation, that from ten to fifteen minutes the struggle was dreadful. Several guns were taken and retaken three several times. But our men ' went in' with the understanding that they were to win, and win they did. Dur ing those minutes my suspense was terrible, and I know that some prayers went up. * * * For a time the enemy gained on the right, and the contest was severe there, as the numbers of the dead on the field clearly proved. Oh! how our meu shouted, as they opened volley after volley upon them, and how the traitors retreated ! The sun sank. There was a time when generals said, ' Oh, that Blucher or night would come !' Now, all said, ' Oh, for a Joshua,' that the sun might stand still !' " At Natchitoches, the Eighth held a bridge against the enemy, who attempted to get a position on our line of retreat, and also aided in repelling an attack on our rear. During the halt of General Smith at Cloutierville, awaiting General Banks' army, the column was again assailed in rear, 752 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. and a stubborn contest of about an hour ensued, in which the rebels were defeated. There Captain Josiah B. Redfield, Company A ; Isaac N. Groves, Company F ; Thomas Bowels and Conrad Pahn, of Company G, were wounded. While the dam was being built, the Eighth moved up Bayou Rapide with Smith's forces to check the enemy, and, May 4th, serving as skirmishers, they drove them three miles. On the further retreat, at Marksville, our advance engaged the enemy, and Smith's army, moving on Mansurara at the right, crossed an open prairie under fire, charged upon the rebels and drove them from the field. The Eighth had eight men severely wounded. On the 17th, the enemy were again repulsed at Calhoun's plantation and Bayou de Glaise, and on the 19th, General Smith went to the rear and attacked, defeated, and pursued the annoying rebels, the Eighth having the advance. The enemy lost three hundred and twenty-five killed and wounded, and two hundred and fifty taken prisoners. May 24th, the Eighth, with Smith's forces, landed at Vicksburg. The Fourteenth Wisconsin was also in A. J. Smith's com mand in this expedition, and after the capture of Fort De Russy joined in destroying the works. They were attached to Kirby Smith's " Red River division," which remained to guard transports when General A. J. Smith moved from Grand Ecore for Shreveport. On the return of the fleet, after the defeat of the army, they were attacked by the enemy at Tleasant Hill Landing, the rebels being repulsed. They were also engaged at Cloutierville, Marksville, and Yellow Bayou, and returned with Smith's command to Vicksburg. The Twenty-third regiment were attached to the army that moved under Banks from New Orleans. They went by rail road to Brashear City, and marched from Berwick, March 7th, by way of Opelousas, to Washington, seventy-seven miles in four days. Thence they moved to Natchitoches, and from that to Pleasant Hill. In the advance, April 8th, they were at the head of the column, and meeting the rebels, forced them back eight miles. In the battle of Sabine Cross Roads they were on the extreme left, and retained their position until it was nearly surrounded, when they withdrew to one sheltered by timber, where the advance of the rebels was temporarily RED RIVER EXPEDITION. 753 checked. Thence they joined in covering our retreat, being the last to leave the field. They lost seven killed, fourteen wounded, and forty-three prisoners. They joined in the night retreat to Pleasant Hill, and thence to Grand Ecore, where they were employed in the fortifications, and in guarding prisoners, until the retreat was resumed. They took part in the action near Cloutierville, and in the skirmish on the 29th, at Bayou Rapide, three miles from Alexandria. May 24th they embarked at Morganzia, and proceeded to Baton Rouge, where they remained till July 8th. The Twenty-ninth Regiment, like the Twenty-third, joined the expedition from New Orleans, taking substantially the same route. At the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, Companies B, D, E, G, and H, were engaged, the remaining companies being detailed as train guard. Those in the battle were not in the advance, but as the exulting enemy came rushing on, they stood firmly until the brigade on their left was driven back, and the rebel cavalry and infantry dashed upon them, inflicting much damage. Their brigade commander was shot, and thirteen of the Twenty-ninth were killed and died of wounds, and sixteen wounded. They took part in most of the various engagements during the retreat, and, May 6th, were ordered to report to Colonel Bailey, when they were put to work, day and night, upon the dam. At Morganzia they performed guard and picket duty until June 13th, when they crossed the Mississippi to Carrollton. On the 21st, they went to Kinnersville, and on the 26th to Thibodeaux, where they performed outpost and guard duty. July 8th, Colonel Greene received the appointment of post commandant, and Company K acted as provost guard, but were immediately ordered to Algiers. The Thirty-third Wisconsin Infantry were attached to the divison of General T. K Smith. They reached Fort De Russy March 13th ; entered it two days later, and performed picket duty until the 18th, having seven men wounded by the explo sion of the magazines of the fort, which were blown up by the Federals. They proceeded by boat up to Alexandria, and thence, on the 26th, to Bayou Cotile, where they awaited orders until April 2d, and then embarked for Grand Ecore, from 48 754 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. which point they went upon a reconnoissance to Campti. Their division was then detached to guard the transports that, were loaded with ammunition and supplies for the expedition, and proceeded with them up the Red River to Loggy Bayou, where their progress was blocked by a steamer three hundred and fifteen feet long, which, in high water, had been sunk by the rebels squarely across the river. Here they debarked and reconnoitered, but found no enemy. At six in the evening news was brought by a courier of the disaster to General Banks at Sabine Cross Roads. The regiment hastened to the fleet, which was at once ordered to return, as the army was nearly'destitute of supplies and forage. On the afternoon of the 12th, when near Pleasant Hill Landing, 2,000 rebel cavalry, under General Green, and a battery, attacked the transport on which was the Thirty-third. The regiment was alone and in imminent danger of capture. The colonel said, " Boys we will fight to the last;" and directing them to hold their fire, waited until the rebels were within a stone's throw of the boat, when the order was given, and the five hundred rifles of the regiment added their voice to the roar of the enemy's guns, and the ad vancing line of rebels melted away. Twice the enemy renewed the attempt to capture them, and were repulsed, losing their leader, General Green, who was killed, and leaving their dead and wounded on the field. In the report of this action special mention is made of the platoon under Sergeant Ewbank, of Company D, which was close to the enemy, and especially brave. At Grand Ecore the division debarked. Near Cloutier- ville, on the 23rd, the regiment was ordered to the rear to rein force the cavalry, which had been driven in upon the infantry, and after a severe skirmish drove the rebels, losing two men wounded. The following day they were again attacked at half-past three in the morning, near Cane River. The rebels were repulsed, the regiment losing two killed and eleven wounded. On the afternoon of May 6th, they were in the front line of battle during the action on Governor Moore's plantation, in which the enemy was driven six miles. From this date to the 20th, they continued retreating and skirmish ing suffering some loss. They then crossed the Atchafalaya, on Colonel Bailey's pontoon bridge of twenty-two steamboats, and embarking for Vicksburg, arrived there May 24th. BRIGADIER GENERAL BAILEY. 755 The Fifth Battery proceeded on this expedition from New Orleans, and landing at Alexandria, took position in front of the town, and participated in various engagements in that vicinity. On the retreat, Lieutenant Hackett, with the centre sectiou, was temporarily attached to the cavalry division, and formed part of the rear guard. They returned to New Orleans early in June. The Wisconsin wounded in the Red River expedition were : Eighth Regiment. At Marksville and vicinity, May 16. Company B — Corpi James Stoddard, Priv. T. B. Rogers. Company D — Priv. Aug. Baetz. Company E^~ Lt. J. Lefler, Sorgt. Edw. Cassiday, Corp. D. Holmes, Priv. 0. C. Miles. Company K— Corp. Wm. Geery— 8. Twenty-third Regiment. Company B — Sergt. John Buss. Company C— Privs. Wm. Edwards, Chas. Hassenpass. Company 7J— Corp. John Habbegar, Privs. N. H. Ellis, A. R. Cole, Anthony Ohl. Company E— 1st Lt. R. M. Addison, Sergt. J. P. Roche, Priv. Wm. Flick. Company G — Corp. Edw. Gray, Priv. Hugh Heall. Company 7— Priv. Asahel Nash. Company E — Priv. Chas Bender — 14. Taken prisoners, 43. Twenty-ninth Regiment. At Sabine Cross Roads, April 8th. Gompany B — Privs. Thos. Martin, Sidney Smith, Jas. Hoskins, Anson Weaver, Oscar Herron. Company D — Capt. G. H. Bryant, Privs. Michael James, Spencer Edwards. Com pany E — Privs. H. B. Willett, Geo. W. Weeks, John O'Sullivan. Company F — Priv. Jas. Schofield. Company G — Privs. Thos. Clarkson, Wm. Bacon, H. Cornell. Company H — Sergt. Henry Lightly— 16. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSEPH BAILEY. Joseph Bailey was born on the 6th of May, 1827, in Ashta bula County, Ohio. At the time of entering the service, in the springof 1861, he resided at Kilbourn City, Wisconsin, and was engaged in lumbering, and building bridges and dams. He was commissioned captain of Company D, Fourth Wiscon sin Infantry (afterward cavalry). In May, 1864, he was made colonel of the regiment, and seventeen days thereafter was nominated by the President as brevet brigadier general of volun teers, "for distinguished and meritorious services as acting chief military engineer of the nineteenth army corps, in pro jecting and constructing a temporary dam at the lower falls of the Red River, thereby enabling our flotilla to reach the waters of the Mississippi in safety." On the 10th of November of the same year, he was nomi nated by the President as brigadier general, on the recom mendation of General Canby, for his services in reducing Fort Morgan, near Mobile, on the 22d of August. He had com- 756 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. mand of the land forces at that place, consisting of eight regiments of infantry and three batteries of artillery. After one day's heavy firing, the fort was compelled to surrender. The garrison consisted of five hundred and eighty-one officers and men. The enemy spiked the guns and destroyed 80,000 pounds of powder before surrendering. After the reduction of Mobile, he was placed in command of a cavalry division, and moved by land from that city across the country to Baton Rouge, with orders to be on the watch for Jefferson Davis, who was then a recent wanderer from Richmond. General Bailey resigned, and retired from military life at the close of the war, July, 1865. BATTLE OF JENKINS' FERRY. It was a part of the plan to have General Steele move from Little Rock with 10,000 men, and join Banks' corps at Shreve- port. The march was commenced with a much less number, and it became the duty of General F. Salomon, formerly of the Ninth Wisconsin, with his division, to protect the train. He was daily attacked by the enemy, who, under command of Price, Marmaduke, Fagan, Shelby, and others, lost no oppor tunity to annoy our forces. Under constant fighting, but with out losing a single wagon, they, on the 15th of April, occupied Camden. The defeat of Banks enabled General Kirby Smith to throw his whole army of 20,000 against them. They were compelled to forage largely. A heavy forage train, escorted by several regiments and a battery of Thayer's division, was captured by the enemy ; foraging became impossible. Being nearly out of supplies, another very large train was sent to Pine Bluft'for provisions and ammunition. General Salomon was ordered to send one of his brigades and a battery as escort. He sent McLean's brigade and Stange's battery, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Drake, of the Thirty-sixth Iowa. The train and the whole escort, after a severe fight, were captured at Mark's Mills by General Fagan. There was now nothing left for them but to fall back to Little Rock. General Salomon was ordered to cover the retreat. On the 29th of April, the enemy appeared in his rear. During the night he changed his BATTLE OF JENKINS' FERRY. 757 position so that his flanks were protected by swamps and a bayou. The position was near Jenkins' Ferry, on the Sabine River. On the 30th, early in the morning, Generals Kirby Smith and Price hurled their combined forces against his division. They brought up their artillery, but our sharp-shooters allowed them to fire only three rounds. We fired but one, simply to assure our troops. Our regimerits were rapidly and frequently moved from one point to another, to meet the immense numbers and varied attacks of the foe. Every man was engaged — 5,000 against 20,000. The fighting was very severe — among the. most fierce of the war. It raged through seven or eight hours. The rebels made three distinct charges upon our line, with greatly superior forces, but were each time repulsed. Salomon sent word to Steele, on another part of the field, that he was heavily pressed. Steele sent back word, " Tell General Salomon to hold that line at all hazards." There the gallant Gen eral Rice, in whose command was the Ninth Wisconsin, fell, mortally wounded, and Colonel E. Salomon, of that regiment, thereafter led his brigade, aud by his disregard of personal danger gave great encouragement to his men. There the Second Kansas (Colored) Regiment fought with great bravery, charging upon and capturing three pieces of artillery. The loss of the rebels was conceded by themselves to be not less than 2,000 men, three cannon, and several stands of colors. Our loss was 1,175 killed, wounded, and missing, out of a force of 5,220. The Union victory saved Little Rock, and the whole State of Arkansas, and the chief credit is due to the generalship of General F. Salomon. If he had only had twd or three days' rations he would have pursued the enemy, who, in confusion, fled to Camden ; but as it was they were obliged to resume their march to Little Rock. The enemy said that the battle of Helena was a shameful defeat, but that the battle of Jenkins' Ferry was worse. The Ninth Wisconsin moved from Little Rock with the advance in this expedition. April 2d, one column of our forces was attacked, at Terre Noire, by the rebel cavalry under Gen eral Shelby. In this encounter Company F, acting as artillery, rendered great service, and was highly complimented. The attack was repulsed with a loss to this regiment of ten killed and a number wounded. They captured one stand of colors. 758 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The intention of the rebels to occupy Camden, in advance of the Federal column, being anticipated, the direction of the march was now changed, and the army hurried toward that place. The roads in the river bottoms were in a terrible con dition, owing to the late rains, and the movement of troops and trains over them extremely laborious. On the night of the 14th, the regiment, with its brigade, was ordered forward with all possible dispatch, to the intersection of the Washington road with that upon which they were, to intercept the rebels and get between them and Camden. They camped that night eighteen miles from that place. Early the next morning they met Marmaduke's forces at Poison Springs, near the junction of the two roads, and a spirited fight took place, in which the regiment lost one killed and three wounded. The Union forces pushed forward and occupied Camden that night. On the retreat, while they were preparing to cross the Sabine River, the rear of the column was attacked by a heavy force. The first brigade, to which the Ninth Regiment belonged, was rear guard, and soon became hotly engaged in the battle of Jenkins' Ferry. They were ordered to hold their line at all hazards, until two miles of artillery and trains could cross the river on a single pontoon bridge. They repulsed the first attack, and captured three guns and a number of prisoners. The enemy soon returned in increased numbers, and attempted to turn the Federal right. Failing in this, they attacked the left, and drove it two hundred and fifty yards, but were finally again hurled back, and the Federal line advanced three hundred yards. A battle-flag was captured here, by John Welhaupt and William Ohler, of Company B. During this assault, while the brigade commander, General Rice, was compliment ing the regiment for their gallant conduct, he was shot. Colonel C. E. Salomon, of the Ninth, now took command of the brigade, leaving Major Schlueter in charge of the regiment. A third assault was made, and repulsed by this heroic rear guard and the reinforcements which had been, sent back from the river. The Ninth lost in this battle thirteen killed, two who died of wounds, and about fifty wounded. They returned to Little Rock, and engaged in garrison and camp duties, and in building a chain of forts around the town. MAJOR GENERAL SALOMON. 759 The Twenty-seventh Regiment joined the expedition, and was in the third brigade, third division, seventh corps. On the march to Camden they lost three killed and three wounded, in a skirmish near the Little Missouri River. On the 10th, they participated in the action at Prairie d' Ane, in which they had one killed and three wounded. On the retreat, they participated in the battle of Jenkins' Ferry, and had five killed and fourteen wounded. At Little Rock, they were stationed as a part of the second brigade, first division, seventh corps, with which they became connected the 14th of May. MAJOR GENERAL F. SALOMON. General Steele recommended General Salomon for promo tion, " For gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Jenkins' Ferry, April 30th, 1864." He was appointed brevet major general in March, 1865. He held command of his division, and also of the post of Little Rock, until he was mustered out, August 24th, following. General Salomon is a native of Prussia, where he was born in 1826. He was educated to the profession of civil engineer and architect, served some time in the Prussian army, and left the position of lieutenant when he came to this country, in 1849. In that year, he located at Manitowoc, Wisconsin. His services in Missouri, early in the war, his organization of the Ninth Wisconsin Infantry, and command of it until made brigadier general, his subsequent services in the battles of Newtonia, Cane Hil^ Prairie Grove, and Helena, and in the Indian and Yazoo Pass expeditions, have been nar rated in their proper historical connections, and may be re ferred to by means of the index at the close of this volume. He is one whom Wisconsin and the country should delight to honor, for his quick and excellent judgment, courage, and bravery, in the war of the rebellion. The Wisconsin wounded in Steele's expedition from Little Rock to Camden, were : Ninth Regiment. March 23rd to May 3rd, principally at Jenkins' Ferry, April 30th. April 15. Company 77— Priv. Nicholas Oswiller. April 30. Company A — Privs. Henry Meyer, John Mueller, David Duorrow, Michael Tiesach, Robert Frederick, Fred. Wendlorff, Company B— Privs. J. Fetzer, Jacob Thiele, S. Wehr- 760 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. wein, Wm. Kuck, Adolph Prebe. Company,. D— Privs. Conrad Knowl, John Buellesbach, Franz Hamm, Henry Sorg, Albert Weber, John Heitz, Erhard Areola, A. Plattner, M. Sutter, L.Kessler, J. Heck, F. Schleuke, E. Blemik. Company E Privs. M. Alf, M. Borns, F. Boiler, P. Wackorham. Company F — Privs. F. Roessler, F. Ensign. Company G — Capt. Chas. Frantz, Privs. E. Boiler, A. Kern,, H. Bodenworth, J. Steimer, J. Weithofer, T. Becker. Company 77— Privs. Peter Betler, H. Holtze, J. Weiler, F. Keulin. Company 7— Privs. Chas. Winters, Louis Kairhs, Fred. Kieszlich, John Amberg, Adolph Weber, Robt. Augiistin, A. Hesse. Company E — Sergt. Michael Meyer, Privs. Jacob Zwiefel, G. Lehenberger — 52. Twenty-seventh Regiment. At Jenkins' Ferry, April 30th. Company A — 1st Lt. J. G. Borland. Company G — 1st Sergt. J. Gehring, Priv. Diednch Baderin. Gompany D — -Privs. F. Rumer, J. E. Gretson, J. Kingsland, H. Hinke. Company •ff-r-Priv. C. Finningson. Gompany 7— Priv. J. Mesner — 9. CHAPTER VI. FIEST, EIGHTH, NINTH, TENTH AND ELEVENTH IN- FANTRY. First Infantry. BEVIEW OF HISTOET TO JUNE, 1863, MOVEMENTS FROM MURFREESBORO TO CHATTANOOGA, FROM CHATTANOOGA TO ATLANTA, MUSTER OUT, — ROSTER, BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. — Eighth Infantry.— REVIEW, EXPEDITIONS, VICKSBURG, SUBSEQUENT MOVEMENTS, . MUSTER OUT, — ROSTER, — REGIMENTAL STATISTICS. — Ninth Infant^.-— REVIEW, REMAINDER OF HISTORY, MUSTER OUT, ROSTER, STATIS TICS. Tenth Infantry. REVIEW, — SUBSEQUENT HISTORY TO THE CLOSE. Eleventh Infantry. REVIEW, REMAINING HISTORY TO THE END. The larger campaigns and battles at the West, in which many Wisconsin regiments were engaged, have now been described. Next, each regiment that terminated its services in the West ern Department will be taken up in numerical order, and after a brief review of its history, as far as already given, a narra tion of its career to its close will be presented. In some cases, especially with later regiments, each regimental narrative will be a complete history of the organization. In all other cases, the account will furnish a synopsis or key to all that has pre viously been given concerning the regiment. The reader will thus be able readily to trace the history of each regiment, if it has not been presented in a single chapter, while at the same time its important and honorable services in the larger battles and campaigns will become better known and appreciated, on account of having been joined to an extended description of events which must always command the attention of allreaders of American history. FIRST INFANTRY, REORGANIZED. The history of the First Infantry during the first year artei its reorganization, has been given on pages 448—455. Its 762 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. part in the battle of Chaplin Hills, which was the nexc event in its history, is recorded on pages 610, 611, 615, 616 ; its his tory between that battle and that of Stone River, on page 618, and that at Jefferson and Stone River, on pages 627-8. After that battle, the regiment encamped within the fortifications at Murfreesboro, and remained in that vicinity several months, performing picket, fatigue, forage and drill duties. As the Army of the Cumberland, commanded by General Thomas, moved out of Murfreesboro, on the 24th of June, 1863, taking a southerly direction, on the Manchester Pike, the First and Twenty-first Wisconsin held a central position, but were ordered to the front the next day, and, with a strength of only fifteen hundred and fifty-four, engaged the enemy at Hoover's Gap, and routed them, sustaining a loss of two killed, and eighteen or twenty wounded, and capturing fifteen prisoners. August 11th, they entered the State of Alabama, and encamped three miles south of the State line. There the First Regiment separated from the brigade, advanced to Stevenson, and pro ceeded to make preparations for a large field hospital. At that place the brigade subsequently joined them. As now all things were converging for a battle near Chattanooga, they left Stevenson on the 2d of September, marched to Bridgeport, Alabama, crossed the Tennessee River on the 4th, marched up its valley, and crossed a spur of the mountains on the 5th, and on the 6th, ascended Raccoon, or Sand Mountain, and encamped on its summit. On the 7th, they descended its eastern side, and on the 8th, tarried at Johnson's Cave, to give time for General Negley's division to ascend Lookout Mountain, which stood waiting for its coming celebrity in the war. They reached the summit themselves on the 9th, and went down its eastern side on the 10th. At three o'clock on the morning of the 11th, three regiments and one battery of the brigade moved to the aid of General Negley's troops, five miles in the advance, near Dug Gap, skirmishing with the enemy throughout the march. There they were ordered to take the place of a portion of General Negley's troops in the advance, which was coolly and skillfully done. That position they held until half-past three in the afternoon, when they covered the retreat of the division. The loss of the enemy was heavy. Lieutenant FIRST INFANTRY. 763 Robert J. Nickles, General Starkweather's aid, was one of the Wisconsin dead. July 17th, General Starkweather was appointed Brigadier General of voluuteers, and assigued to the command of the brigade to which the First Regiment belonged. Lieutenant Colonel George B. Bingham was promoted to the Colonelcy of the regiment. (See appendix.) The march of Rosecrans' army from Stone River to Chatta nooga, is more particularly described in the chapter on Chickamauga. The part taken by the First in the battle of Chickamauga is recorded on pages 680, 681 , and 682 ; and that at Mission Ridge on page 694. November 30th, after that battle, they moved upon a reconnoissance as far as Cooper's Gap without encountering the enemy, and, December 3rd, returned to camp at Chattanooga. Company F, of the First Regiment, had been detached on the 14th of November, to take charge of a steamer on the Tennessee River ; the others were stationed in Chattanooga until February 22d, when they accompanied a movement to Dalton, Tyuer's Station, and GrayviHe, and entered upon Sherman's campaign to Atlanta at its beginning. Their history during that period, and participation in the various battles, may be found in order as follows : their corps, ou page 699 ; Resaca, 700 and 701 ; Dallas, 707; Kenesaw, 715, 716, and 721; Peach Tree Creek, 723 ; Atlanta, 734. When Atlanta was occupied by the Union forces, the term of service of the Wisconsin First had nearly expired, aud, Sep tember 16th, it was assigned to the fourth division, twentieth corps, all veterans, drafted men, and recruits — in number three hundred aud sixty-eight, or whose term had not expired, being transferred to the Twenty-first Regiment. The regiment proper left Atlanta September 21st, to join their new division. They moved to Nashville, and thence to Milwaukee, where, October 8th, they were received with great enthusiasm, and were mus tered out October 13th to 21st. The field and staff officers were mustered out November 18th, to date from October 13th, and were as follows : Company. Captains. A. John C. Goodrich. B. John M. Cosgrove. C. Hiram A. Sheldon. D. Charles H. Messenger. E. Benjamin F. Teets. F. M . M. Samuels. G. William H. Wilson. H. John C. McMullen. I. George W. Buffenn. K. Christian Klock. 764 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Colonel — George B. Bingham. Lieut- Colonel — Henry A. Mitchell. Surgeon — Lucius Dixon. Major Thomas H. Green. Is* Asst. Swgeon — Frederick Corfe. Adjutant William H. Watkins. 2d Asst. Surgeon — John R. McCullough. Quartermaster — Charles H. Benton. Chaplain — John McNamara. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. Edward Melile. Herman P. Schuyler. Henry 0 Montague. Thomas Caliger. Albert M. Dyer. Jacob Weyrough. George Lund. William K. Hughes. Edward Healey. Collins C. McVean. Seth W. Button. Addison S. Gardner. George W. Lawton. Lewis C. Trowbridge. Horace E. Wood. Sylvester Colwell. Charles C. White. Benjamin F. Morgan. Homer G. Leonard. Regimental Statistics. — Three Months Organization. Origi nal strength, 810. Loss : — by death, 3 ; desertion, 5 ; transfer, 7; discharge, 76; muster-out, 719. Reorganized. Original strength, 945. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 75 ; in 1864, 66 ; draft, in 1863, 407 ; veteran reenlist- ments, 15 ; total, 1,508. Loss : — by death, 235 ; desertion, 57 ; transfer, 47 ; discharge, 298 ; muster-out, 871. It is a fact worthy of notice, that the chaplain of this regi ment was commissioned as such September 21st, 1861, and continued in the office the full three years. A correspondent states, that Edwin Edwards, of Sheboygan, under age and under height, enlisted in the First Infantry ; at Perryville, with two or three others, captured the flag of the First Tennessee rebel regiment, was subsequently appointed on the color guard, bore off the stars and stripes from the field at Chickamauga, completed his term of three years' service at Atlanta, having passed unharmed through all the conflicts that ended in the taking of that city, and returned to finish his course of study in the public school — a hero of many battles, yet a schoolboy. The services of General John C. Starkweather, the first colonel of this regiment, have chiefly been narrated in connec tion with its history, and may be referred to through the index. In January, 1864, he served at Washington, on a general court-martial for the trial of Surgeon Brigadier-General Hammond. By direction of General Thomas, he subsequently assumed command of the post of Pulaski, Tennessee, and EIGHTH INEANTRY. 765 afterward. of the district from Lynnville to Huntsville, Alaba ma, and of all troops therein. In that position, he took part in the engagements at Elk River Bridge, Sulphur Branch Trestle, Athens (Alabama), and Pulaski. The war having closed, he tendered his resignation, May 11th, 1865, which was accepted. General Starkweather was born in Cooperstown, New York, May 11th, 1830, is a graduate of Union College, was two years at Major Duff's Military School at Coopers- town, and settled in Milwaukee, in September, 1849. EIGHTH INFANTRY. The history of this regiment, from its origin to its arrival before New Madrid and Island Number Ten, is given on pages 456-461. In addition to the general account of the campaign there, its particular services are pointed out on page 471. By turning to the chapter oh Corinth and Iuka, very important campaigns may be found narrated, and the history tends to magnify the deeds of the Wisconsin troops engaged. The ser vices of the Eighth are recorded as follows : In the battle of Farmington, pages 497, 498; further, during the siege of Corinth, page 500 ; between the siege and the battle of Iuka, 502, 503; in the battle of Iuka, 511; battle of Corinth, 517, 519, 520 ; pursuit of the enemy, 521. On the 2d of Novem ber, the regiment marched to Grand Junction, Tennessee, cooperating with the intended movement against Vicksburg. They were occupied in the performance of the various duties of soldier life, moving from point to point in that vicinity, until the 11th of March, when they started for Memphis. December 20th, 1862, Colonel Murphy surrendered the post at Holly Springs, with a large amount of army stores. Gene ral Grant issued an order, affirming that he did not properly protect and guard the same, or show any disposition to do so, and dismissing him from the service of the United States. Colonel Murphy complained that he was not allowed an ex amination by a court-martial. General Grant said that the movement of the troops in the face of the enemy rendered it impracticable to grant one. He stated in his order that Colo nel Murphy had a force amply sufficient to have repulsed the enemy, and it has been repeatedly stated that his force was as 766 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. large as that of the enemy. Colonel Murphy states that his whole effective force, December 15th, was only 1,520, that detachments ordered to Jackson reduced it, before the attack upon him, to eight hundred and twenty, and that he had no fortifications and no artillery. He claims that he had evidence that the enemy's force was 10,000, and that after being cap tured he found such to be the case. He also claims that Gen eral Grant was deceived by one of his officers in regard to the facts, and cites a letter from Captain W. J. Dawes (afterwards major), with other evidence, tending to show that a " one-sided case " was made out to General Grant. He, gives certified copies of General Grant's letters to him, on the 19th, the day before the capture, showing that the general did not expect the enemy would attack so soon, and saying, " In the morning (the 20th) will be time enough for your cavalry to start * * * to watch the enemy." Colonel Murphy laid the full case before President Lincoln, who referred it to Judge Advocate General Holt. He made an examination, and on his report, the Presi dent directed that, " The order of the War Department, dis missing Colonel Murphy, be rescinded ;" but, for some reason, the Secretary of War did not act in accordance with the instructions. It seems clear that. Colonel Murphy is entitled to the foregoing statements, and that his case ought to have been investigated by a court-martial. The truth or falsity of his account it was the province of a court-martial to deter mine. At the same time, it is possible to conceive that a closer watch might have been kept Upon the enemy in his approach to Holly Springs, and a more vigorous defence made to prevent its capture. If that had been done, possibly the post might have been saved. In his enumeration of regi ments at Holly Springs, Colonel Murphy does not include the Eighth Wisconsin. At Memphis, th'e regiment joined Grant's forces, intended for the reduction of Vicksburg, and landed, on the 1st of April, at Young's Point. Moving thence across the country, to Grand Gulf, on the Mississippi, below Vicksburg, they crossed to the east side of the river, marched to Raymond, on the 13th of May, skirmishing as they advanced, and, on the following day, drove the enemy to Jackson. Their services in the battle of EIGHTH INFANTRY. 767 Jackson are recorded on page 647 ; in the siege of Vicksburg, page 655. In addition, they performed a large amount of detached service. May 25th, they formed part of an expedi tion to Mechanicsburg, against General Johnston, which resulted in the seizure of 1,000 cattle, the same number of mules and large quantites of corn and cotton. Afterwards, they went up the Yazoo river, to Satartia, and again to MechanicSr burg, where they met 1,000 rebels, whom they defeated, with a loss to the regiment of two wounded. Returning to Young's Point, they marched, on the 14th of June, to Richmond, Louis iana, where, the following day, they defeated a body of rebels, after a sharp fight of ten hours, captured thirty prisoners, took possession of the town, and, on the 16th, returned to Young's Point. They were without tents forty-six days, in bad Weather, marching and bivouacking, and many of the men without shoes. For sixteen days they drew but four days' rations. They consequently suffered, very much from sickness, though but few died. They were then employed as sharpshooters in front of Vicksburg, on the west side of the river, being con tinually exposed to the fire of the rebel batteries along the shore. After the surrender of Vicksburg, July 12th, they moved to the city, and thence to various places in that vicinity, until October 13th, when they participated in a reconnoissance, under McPherson, to Canton. November 9th, they moved to Mem phis, and thence to La Grange, near which they were stationed until January 27th, 1864, when they returned to Vicksburg, and went with Sherman's Meridian expedition as far as Can ton, and then returned to Black River Bridge, and, March 5th, to Vicksburg. Their part in the Red River expedition, is recorded on pages 750, 751, 752, 780. The regiment, with General Mower's division, embarked at Vicksburg on the 3rd of June, and proceeded to Greenville, Mis sissippi, to raise the blockade which the rebels, under Marma duke, had established there. The next day, the Federals advanced against the rebels, and the battle of Lake Chicot fol lowed, the enemy being defeated. The Eighth lost three killed and sixteen wounded. At the close of the battle, they 768 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. marrhed to Columbia, Arkansas, and thence proceeded by boat to Memphis. On the 17th, the veterans of the Eighth started for home, on furlough, and arrived at Madison the 21st. Captain Williams, at Memphis, had command of the non-veterans, who were shortly removed to La Grange, Tennessee, where they acted as railroad guards until July 5th. At that date they marched on an expedition to the interior of Mississippi. On the 13th and 14th, they had several engagements near Tupelo, and on the 22d, returned to Memphis, having marched two hundred and sixty miles. The veterans returned, August 2d, and the entire regiment joined General A. J. Smith's expedition into Missis sippi. They went, September 2d, on another expedition, under General Mower, up the White River, to St. Charles, and thence to Dnvall's Bluff and Brownsville. From that place, they moved, September 17th, in pursuit of General Price, marching three hundred and forty-seven miles, and coming out at Cape Girardeau, October 5th, having suffered greatly for want of rations, and three hundred of their animals having perished. Going at once to St. Louis, they were newly clothed and equipped, and then proceeded to Jefferson City, and in pursuit of General Price again. Returning, November 15th, they reached Benton Barracks, and on the 23rd embark ed for Nashville. In the battles there, on the 15th and 16th of December, eight companies participated, sustaining a loss of ten killed and fifty-two wounded. Under Lieutenant-Colonel Britton, they made four charges upon the enemy, and drove him out of his intrenchments. In the last charge they took a battery of six guns, two stands of colors, and about 400 prison ers. After pursuing them 156 miles they went into camp at Clifton, Tennessee, January 2d, 1865. Their wounded in the battle were : Lt. Col. W. B. Britton. Sergt. Maj. August G. Weisert — a cripple for life. Company A — Priv. Truman. Rich. Company B — 1st Sergt. Charles P., Stewart, Privs. James Toothacker and George A. Johnson. Company D — Capt. Benjamin S. Williams, Corps. Jacob C. NotemaU and Joseph S. Palmer, Privs' John A. Carlisle, Charles Dutcher, William G. Hall, Frederick P. Sipher and John Van Fleet. Com pany Er- Privs. George Braider, Enoch Bobbins, Charles F. Baum, Jacob Braider, James Anderson, Charles Hebbe and George Barrows. Gompany F — 1st Lieut. John W. Greenmau, Priv. Benjamin F. Greenman. Company- 77— Sergt. George Van Norman, Privs. George Pooler, Jacob Rutherford, John Jones, John F. Roy, William Pooler, William Foy, Sanford Cluton and Ole Anderson. Company I— EIGHTH INFANTRY. 769 Capt. Duncan A. Kennedy, Sergt. James B. Aney, Privs. Andrew Brandhurt, Henry J. Beckwith, Casper Fopper, Ole Frederickson, Jerome Goodnough, David Lahgston, Orlow Robinson, John Sullivan, Franklin M. Sacia,, Ransom Sage, Jacob Sampson, Joseph Stewart and Albertus Van Toon. Company A— 1st Lieut. T. A. Fellows, Sergt. John Philips, Privates Thomas Tarre, Christ. Lind and Edward Kartsohok — 52, Next they moved to New Orleans, and March 5th, to Dau phin Island, to take part in the attack on Mobile. They were soon stationed before Spanish Fort, close to the works, and afterward before Fort Blakely. Upon its surrender they marched to Montgomery, Selma, Uniontown, and, September 5th, were mustered out at Demopolis, Alabama, and reaching Madison the 13th, were paid and discharged. The eagle sur vived the war, and at the fairs in Chicago and Milwaukee, in 1865, was placed on exhibition. The sale of his history and photographs amounted to $20,000. A facf. illustrative of the course of army life with some is this : William H. Conner, of Sheboygan Falls, enlisted as private in Company B, in August, 1861, and advanced in ten months to the position of assistant adjutant general, with the rank of captain. He was promoted for meritorious services at the battle of Farmington, and served as aid, first to General H. E. Paine, and then to General Palmer. At the battle of La Vergne (near Nashville), November 7th, 1862, his horse was shot under him, and he was wounded. On account of his health he resigned, and was discharged ; but subsequently entered the service again as a private, and was promoted to be chief clerk in the Department of the Gulf, at New Orleans. Colonel . Britton says it- is shown on the official record that the regiment, during the war> was in twenty general engage; ments,. and nineteen skirmishes, many of which might be styled butties; that they campaigned in eleven States; and traveled, by rail, river, and on foot, 15,179 miles. General W. T. Sherman, in a letter to Governor Salomon, September 21st, 1863, highly complimented this regiment for doing "its whole duty in the camp, on the march, and in battle;" for "peculiar courage and gallantry at Jackson, May 14th, and throughout the siege of Vicksburg," and for other services. The muster-out roster was as follows : 49 770 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Lieut. Colonel— William B. Britton. Swgeon— Joseph E. Murta. Major— James 0. Bartlett. 1st AssH. Surgeon— Henry M. Murdock. Adjutant— Henry C. Bull. Chaplain— John Hobart. Quartermaster— Hugh McAulay. Cbrapany. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Benjamin D. Gano. B Charles P. Stewart C Thomas G. Butler. D Benjamin S. Williams. Corydon Boughton. George S. Newburg. E Jacob Leffler. George Murphy. F John W. Greenman. G Milton H. Doty. H Peter B. Willough. Sherman K. Ellsworth, I Duncan A. Kennedy. Samuel J. Sargent. Hollister S. Phillips. K Theodore A. Fellows. Charles Palmetier. Many of these officers served one grade in advance of their position as here given; the lieutenant colonel as colonel; the major as lieutenant colonel; Captain D. A. Kennedy (probably the senior captain) as major, with a similar advance among lieutenants ; and if not actually commissioned as colonel, lieu tenant colonel, major, captain, and first lieutenant, doubtless they would have been with the requisite number in the regi ment and the several companies. Regimental STATiSTics.^-Original strength, 973. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 52; in 1864, 236; in 1865, 62; sub stitutes, 16 ; draft in 1865, 3 ; veteran reenlistments, 301 ; total, 1,643. Loss : — by death, 255 ; missing, 3 ; desertion, 60 ; trans fer, 41 ; discharge, 320 ; muster-out, 964. NINTH INFANTRY. The valuable services of this regiment, during the earlier part of the war, have been described in chapter ten, part three, pages 578 to 581 ; at the battle of Newtonia, page 585 ; Cane Hill, page 586 ; Prairie Grove, pages 587, 589, 590. In con nection with those battles, their history has been traced to July 8th, 1863, when they went into Camp Gamble, near St. Louis. There they guarded fortifications and military prisons until September 12th, when they proceeded, by water, to Helena, and thence, October 10th, marched for Little Rock, being annoyed by guerrillas much of the way. There they were placed in General Steele's command. October 26th, they went on a reconnoissance twenty-five miles, to Benton, and NINTH INFANTRY. 771 thence twenty miles, to Rockford ; and returning, November 1st, went into winter quarters at Little Rock, and were em ployed in performing guard and fatigue duty, working upon fortifications, and furnishing escorts for forage trains into the neighboring country. In January, 1864, Company F, under command of Captain Voegele, was detailed as an artillery company. During this month two hundred and thirteen members of the regiment reenlisted as veterans, a part of whom, Companies C and K, started for home, on furlough, on the 3rd of February. On the 23rd of March, the regiment left Little Rock, with other troops, under General Steele, to cooperate with General Banks in his famous Red River expedition. The history of that march, and of the skirmishes and battles in which the Ninth were there very honorably engaged, is recorded, pages 756 to 760. Com panies H and I left the regiment for Wisconsin, on veteran furlough, on the 21st of July. On the 17th of November, the original term of service of the regiment having expired, those who had not reenlisted were mustered out, together with Colonel C. E. Salomon, and the remaining portion were con solidated into four companies — an independent battalion — under command of Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Jacobi. Colonel Salomon was breveted brigadier general for his meritorious services. On the 22d of January, 1865, the battalion made an expe dition to the Sabine River, and after a march of five days, reached Mount Elba, a distance of eighty miles. Remaining here two days, they returned to winter quarters at Little Rock on the 5th of February, having lost one man. The regiment was employed in guard and fatigue duty until the first part of June following, when orders were received to proceed to Camden, Arkansas, one hundred miles south of Little Rock. They embarked on the 4th, and steamed down the Arkansas and Mississippi, and ascended the Red, Black, and Washita Rivers, and debarked, on the 13th, at Camden. Here they remained until August 3rd, when they started upon their return to Little Rock, where, upon their arrival, they resumed the performance of guard duty. Captain Eckhart, of Company A, now commanded the battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Jacobi 772 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. having been appointed provost marshal general, and Judge of the Provost Court of the Department of Arkansas. They were mustered out of service January 30th, 1866, at Little Rock, and embarking at that place on the 1st of February, set out for home. They reached Madison on the 12th, and on the l4th were paid and disbanded. The muster-out roster of the battalion was as follows : Lieut. Colonel — Arthur Jacobi. ¦ Quartermaster — Frederick W. Jacobi. Adjutant — David Veidt. Swgeon — Charles Ottilia. Captains. First Lieutentants. Second IAentenants. A George Eckhart. William Doerner. John Ludwig. B David Veidt. Peter Weibel. Jacob Bage. C -'•.. Hans I. Lorentzen. Daniel Goetz. D Frederick W. Jacobi. Regimental Statistics on November 1st, 1865. — Original strength, 870. Gaiu :— by recruits in 1863, 109 ; in 1864, 180 ; in 1865, 43 ; substitute, 1 ; draft, none ; veteran reenlistments, 219 ; total, 1,422. Loss : — by death, 175 ; desertion, 25 ; trans fer, 7 , discharge, 191 ; muster-out, 739. TENTH INFANTRY. The Tenth Regiment has been described and followed from its origin to the battle of Chaplin Hills, pages 601 to 604. Its position in that battle is stated on page 608 ; its conspicuous action is narrated on pages 612, 613, 617 ; its course and loca tion from that time to the battle of Stone River, on page 618 ; its corps, division and brigade in that battle, page 622; its worthy action there, pages 626 to 628. After the battle of Stone River, the regiment went into camp, near Murfreesboro, where they remained until the fol lowing June. Colonel Chapin having resigned in January, Lieutenant Colonel McMynn was promoted to fill his place. On the 16th of June, Colonel McMynn also resigned, when Major John H. Ely was promoted Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain D. McKercher, Major. The regiment, under these officers, joined General Rosecrans' army, in the advance against General Bragg, at Tullahoma, on the 24th of June. They participated in the march the same day, and on the 25th, TENTH INFANTRY. 773 the advance of General Thomas' corps, to which they were attached, engaged the enemy at Hoovers Gap. The regiment occupied the extreme front, supporting a battery, and were exposed to a severe artillery fire. The enemy's guns were silenced, our forces bivouacking on the field. In the morning the corps, forming in line of battle, drove the enemy over four miles. They continued gaining ground, vigorously contested at each step, until, pressing the foe through' Fairfield aiid through Manchester, they at length advanced four miles on the Tullahoma road. The enemy hastily evacuated the place, and our troops took possession on the 1st of July. The regiment, on the 14th of July, went into camp at Cowan Station, and in the beginning of August, moved to Anderson, ten miles from Stevenson. . Here they remained, until called to take part in the adyance upon Chattanooga. Their division and position at the battle of Chickamauga, is stated on pages 678, 679 ; their action and fortune there, pages 680, 681, 683, 684; their wounded, 689. After that battle, they remained within' the defences of Chattanooga, until the battle of Missionary Ridge, and the narration of their action there is recorded on pages 693, 694. "They returned again to Chattanooga, and February 22d, .1864, they led in the advance against Tunnel' Hill and Buzzard's Roost, and subsequently encamped at Tyner's Sta tion, Tennessee, nine miles from Chattanooga, where they were employed in guarding the East Tennessee and Georgia Railroad, until May 24th, when they rejoined their division, in the .advance upon Atlanta. The corps and army to which they were attached in that campaign are noticed onjpage 699,; their' part in the battle of Dallas, pages 708, 712; at, Kenesaw Mountain, 716.; at Peach Tree Creek, 727,. 728.:.,,^ ;; Shortly after the arrival of the army before Atlanta, the Tenth Wisconsin was detached from the brigade, and placed on guard, at Marietta, Georgia. They remained here until October 3rd, then they occupied the old rifle ;pits near Kene saw- Mountain, guarding the road against depredations -from Hood's forces. On the 16th of October, the recruits and reen listed veterans of the Tenth Regiment were transferred, by order of the War Department, to the Tw6tlty-first, while the remainder left for Wisconsin, reaching Milwaukee, October 774 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. 25th, where they were mustered out of service. The muster- out roster was as follows : Quartermaster — Elliott H. Benton. 2d Asst. Surgeon — Harmon H. Benson. Surgeon — S. Marks. Chaplain — Homer H. Benson. ]st Asst. Surgeon — Robert G. James. ompan y. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Robert Harknesa. Warren B. Ellenwood. B Jacob W. Roby. Amos L. Gates. C Smith M. Noxon. D WiUiam A. Collins. Aug. E. Patchiii. E No officers of this Company. F r Armistead C. Brown. G Norman Thatcher. Joseph C. Hussey. Thomas C. O'Neal. H Aug. H. Makimson. I Frank W. Perry. H. H. Fairchild. WiUiam 0. Butler. K Charles H. Ford. L. D. Hinkley. John Rifenburgh. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 916. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 20 ; in 1864, 85 ; veteran reenlistments, 13; total, 1,034. Loss: — by death, 219; desertion, 21 ; trans fer, 23 ; discharge, 316 ; muster-out, 455. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. The history of the Eleventh Infantry has been given, to the date of its joining the Vicksburg campaign, pages 592 to 596. Its part in the battle of Anderson Hill is noticed on pages 643, 644 ; of Port Gibson, 644, 645 ; of Champion Hills, 649 ; oi Big Black River, 652 ; in the siege of Vicksburg, 656, 661. After the fall of Vicksburg, the regiment marched with General Sherman, to attack Jackson. Our troops entered the city on the 17th, and during the two succeeding days, the Eleventh was employed in destroying the track of the Mobile and Mississippi Railroads. The thirteenth army corps having been reorganized, under command of General Washburn, the Eleventh was known as the first regiment, second brigade, first division. On the 13th of August, this corps, which had been assigned to the Department of the Gulf, left Vicksburg, for New Orleans, and were, on their arrival, ordered to Brash ear City, ninety miles west, on Brunswick Bay. On the 26th of September, 1863, they moved from Brashear City to Ber wick, and were engaged until October 3rd, in making prepara tion for a projected expedition into the heart of Louisiana. ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 775 Leaving Berwick and marching fifty-two miles, passing through Pattersonville, Centreville and Franklin, they arrived, on the 6th, at New Lberia. The road over which General Banks' army had marched, in the Spring, was traversed in reaching this place. The route was a pleasant one; the planters' houses, sugar mills, and the quarters of the negroes, stretching along in the distance, gave the appearance of a succession of villages hid among the trees. The supplies for the army were brought up the river Teche, to New Iberia, at which point it ceases to be navigable. The regiment remained here only a short time, and then the first and second brigades moved on to St. Martinsville, the Eleventh being in the advance. On approaching the town, Company C, taking the lead, found a large rebel picket near the edge of it. The regiment was immediately drawn up in line, and the column, covered on both sides of the road, advanced into the town : five prisoners were taken. Companies G and K searched the town for arms and ammunition, while the main body moved forward. After leaving St. Martinsville, the regiment marched to Bayou La Tortue, twelve miles distant : remaining there over night, they left in the morning for Vermillion Bayou, where they arrived on the 10th. They remained there until the 23rd, and then left for Opelousas, and on the 27th, were ordered back. The expedition having been abandoned, they returned by way of Carrion Crow Bayou, and remaining there one day, reached New Lberia on the 30th. In this march of forty-seven miles, they suffered much on account of continual rain, muddy roads, and the want of clothing and blankets. In all, they had traveled two hundred miles, and had been out fifty-six days, enduring the same insufficiency of clothing and blankets the whole time. This want was owing to the fact that they had left their baggage, tents and knapsacks behind, having been assured that in ten days they would reach comfortable quar ters. At New Iberia, the regiment, which had been under command of Major Miller, was now taken in charge by Lieu tenant-Colonel Whittlesey. At this time, an attack was appre hended, and the brigade, marching two miles north of the place, was formed in line of battle, and remained under arms two days, but no enemy came. They continued their march 776 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. on the 8th, passing again through Franklin and Pattersonville, and reentering Berwick city. The regiment was now to take part in General Banks' expedition, and for this purpose, with General Washburn's division, they left Algiers on the 19th, and proceeded down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and landed at Brazos Santiago, on the 23rd, a distance of six hundred miles from New Orleans. Four companies, A, C, E, and G, under command of Colonel Whittlesey, landed at Point Isabel; a violent storm preventing the balance of the regiment from reaching the shore, they put to sea again, and while proceeding along the coast, received orders, on the following morning, to reinforce General Banks at Aranzas Pass. Crossing the Pass, they bivouacked on St. Joseph's Island, where a " norther" sprang up, with rain and sleet, to which they were wholly exposed, unable to obtain shelter or procure wood. On the following day, after a sleep less night and much suffering from the weather, they com menced a march of more than fifty miles through deep sand, carrying five days' rations, and eighty rounds of ammunition, to reinforce General Washburn. On the 2d of December, they reached Fort Esperanza, but too late to take part in its capture ; the enemy having evacuated on the preceding night. Remaining here until the 7th of December, they were joined by their comrades who had been left at Brazos Santiago. The whole regiment now crossed to a point on Matagorda Penin sula, where they went into camp. On the 12th, they went up the Bay and took possession of Ihdianola. On the 13th of January, 1864, the remainder of the brigade joined them, and on the 28th, Major General Dana issued an order highly com plimenting the Eleventh Wisconsin for "the perfection of in struction discovered in their picket and guard lines." More than three-fourths of the Eleventh Regiment reenlisted, and and were remustered into the United States service as a veteran organization. At Indian ola they embarked for home, amid the cheers and demonstrations of their comrades in arms. After an exceedingly rough passage, they arrived at New Orleans on the 21st. Some weeks expired before they could secure transportation from that city^ They left on the 10th of March, arrived at Cairo on the 19th, and were soon received ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 777 in Madison with a warm greeting. They were presented by the authorities with a new stand of colors, and soon after each one left for his home. The term of their furlough having expired, they met again, at Camp Washburn, Milwaukee, on the 23rd of April, and two days after started for Cairo and Memphis. May 2d, they moved on an expedition, under General Sturges, to invade Western Tennessee and Northern Mississippi. March ing by way of Moscow and Bolivar, they met and engaged Forrest's cavalry on the 4th. Proceeding nearly to Salem they returned to Memphis, having marched one hundred miles. They next moved southward, by steamer, to Carrollton, six miles from New Orleans, and after a few days, to Brashear City. This important point was assigned to Colonel Harris, the regiment doing outpost duty. Company D was detached to Bayou Louis, and Company E to Tigerville. The regiment, in connection with guarding these points, made several recon noitering expeditions, frequently meeting the rebel cavalry and engaging them, preventing the massing of Confederate troops, and breaking up the smuggling trade, which had been exten sively carried on in that vicinity. June 10th, seven companies routed a body of rebel cavalry near Bayou Teche, pursuing them to Pattersonville. On the 16th, Companies E and K, under Captain Lewis, captured a party of rebel cavalry, who were about to destroy the railroad and telegraph lines. The captain returned with his prisoners the same day, having marched through the swamps thirty miles. On the 30th, Major Miller, with Companies A, G, and and part of I, went up Bayou Long, and destroyed every boat which could be used by the enemy for transportation of troops. July 25th, Company F, under Lieutenant McConnell, pro ceeded, on a gunboat, to Grand Lake, and dispersed a party of rebels who were building flat boats, and destroyed their work. On the 26th, two detachments, under command of Major Miller and Captain Wyman, moved by boat to Grand River, where, acting in conjunction with a cavalry force, they recon noitered the country and seized a barge loaded with two hun dred and twenty bales of cotton, which they took to Brashear City. August 10th, Lieutenant Colonel Whittlesey was 778 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. placed on duty at New Orleans as assistant provost marshal general of the department, and Major Miller assumed com- rfiand of the regiment. October 22d, Captain Park, with thirty-five of the regiment and a few colored troops, proceeded, on a gunboat, to the head of Belle River, captured a number of prisoners, and destroyed several boats. The regiment remained here, engaged almost constantly in adventures like the fore going, and in erecting fortifications at Brashear City, until February 26th, 1865, when they returned to New Orleans, where they were assigned to the third brigade, second divi sion of the sixteenth corps, Colonel Harris commanding the brigade. March 9th, they embarked for. Mobile, ascended Fish River, and debarked at Donelly's Landing. They afterward guarded the wagon trains of the forces engaged in the reduc tion of Spanish Fort. April 3rd, they marched to the assist ance of General Steele, at Fort Blakely, and took position on the extreme left of the investing line. At sundown on that day, they moved to the support of a skirmish line within one thousand yards of the enemy's works, where they met a heavy rebel picket force, drove them in, and intrenched themselves on the ground, working all night under a fire of musketry and artillery, and frustrating the attempts made by the enemy to flank and dislodge them. The following day Company I served as sharp-shooters at the extreme left of the skirmish line, remaining until the afternoon of the 5th, when they were relieved by Company B, under Lieutenant McDonald, who advanced in the night across a ravine rendered almost impass able by fallen timber, and fortified, and resolutely held a posi tion beyond, seventy-five yards in advance of the skirmishers. At ten o'clock at night on the 6th, Major Miller was ordered to advance the line two hundred yards. Companies A, 0, and H, under Captain Lang, were sent forward as skirmishers, each officer and man provided with a spade. Advancing two hundred and fifty yards without resistance, they fortified their position. Before daylight the next morning, they were attacked, but the skirmishers, reserving their fire until the rebels approached within thirty yards, delivered it so well as to cause them to fly in the wildest confusion. On the 9th, Com panies A, F, and D, at an agreed signal, sprang up from behind ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 779 the fallen timber, where they had been concealed, close to a ditch, and charged forward one hundred yards, where they met a strong force of the enemy posted in small redoubts. At this critical moment, Major Miller, without orders, commanded the Eleventh to charge and support the skirmishers. The regiment leaped, from the ditch, carried the enemy's outer line of works, closely pursed the retreating foe, received a terribly destructive fire of musketry, grape, and canister, when close upon the enemy's reserve, yet rushed forward the faster, and were the first to plant their colors on the parapet. There a hand to hand encounter ensued ; the rebels were overpowered and fled to the river, and many, failing to escape on the gunboats, sur rendered. The regiment remained inside the works much of the night, securing prisoners, artillery, and arms, burying their dead and caring for their wounded, and then returned to their previous camp, having lost fifteen killed, five mortally wounded, and thirty-nine not mortally. Lieutenant Angus R. McDonald, commanding Company E, was highly commended for his heroic conduct. Major Miller says, " On mounting the parapet he was attacked by six men. He knocked down two with his sabre, and received a shot through the thigh, and two bayonet wounds in the breast. Sergeant Daniel B. Moore, of Company E, saved the lieutenant's life by shooting one, bayo neting another, and when his own gun was shattered, siezed another and compelled the remainder of the party to surren der." After the reduction of Fort Blakely, the regiment marched to Montgomery, Alabama, guarding trains upon the march, and suffering greatly from the fatigue incident to their duties in assisting the wagons over the horrible roads. July 23rd, they started for Mobile, where they performed provost duty until September 3rd. The following day they were mustered out,' and on the 5fh started, for home; reached Madison on the 18th, where they were welcomed by Governor Lewis, and on the 28th, received their pay and were finally disbanded — four years and two days from their original muster into the army. Colonel Harris was breveted brigadier general before leaving Mobile, for meritorious services during the war. The wounded at Fort Blakely, as obtained, are : Company A — Lt. \Angus McDonald, in - two places, Privates Peter C. Brad- shaw, April 6th, Christian Berry, Wm. P. Huks, Jamea Thompson, Company B 780 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. — Lt. William Charleton, Sergt. Charles White, Priv. William Blatchford. Com pany C — Sergt. C. A. Uhger, Privs. James Sharp, April 7th, William Alexander. Company D — Sergt. John Gwin, Privs. W. Bennett, Lyman Sparling, William Gil- lingham, John Dary, T. H. 0. Hull. Company E — Corporal D. B. Moore, Priv. N. Richardson. Company F — Sergt. L. F. Locke, Corp. Wm. Driesbach, Privs. Peter Alexander, Pierce Butler, William Divine, James 0' Harrow. Company G— Sergt. Jerome Calkins, Privs. Stephen Calkins, Bamford Dodge. Company R— Sergt. Alexander Ferber, Corp. Henry C. Blake, Privs. B. Ferber, A. Farnsworth, J. Lee, C. H. Porter, G. Winders, F. Emerson. Company A'— Privs. W. H. H. Rood, George E, Crandall, Joseph E. Wright — 39. The muster-out roster was as follows : Colonel— Charles L. Harris. Lieut. Colonel — Luther H. Whittlesey. Swgeon — Edward Everitt. Adjutant — James F. Spencer. 1st AssH Swgeon — John T. Wilson. Quartermaster — Charles .G. Mayers. 2d AssH Surgeon — Hilton W. Boyce. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Luther T. Park. Thornton H. Brainard. B Otis Bennick. William Charlton. Henry I. Luneb.urgl C James Long;- John Sewright. James B. Roach. D Henry Toms. George W. Dale. James S. Robinson. E Abner Powell. Sidney E. Shepard. F Riel E.Jackson. Wm. P. McConnell. G William S. McCready. George Farwell. H James 0. Neal. John E. Lyon. I Nelson R. Doan. Henry C. Welcome. K Charles S. Gilbert. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,029. Gain: —by recruits in 1863, 72; in 1864, 268; in 1865, 24; substi tutes, 62; drafts in 1865, 147; veteran reenlistments, 363; total, 1,965. Loss : — by death, 348 ; desertion, 25 ; transfer, 9 ; discharge, 31 ; muster-out, 1,264. Colonel Jefferson, of the Eighth Infantry, says that the action at Mansurara, in the Red River expedition, was under an artillery fire among the most severe and continuous of any his command ever experienced, Vicksburg and Corinth not excepted. And yet they advanced five miles over an open plain, and drove off the rebels, the Eighth having eight severely wounded, and twenty-five slightly. Company D was engaged in a severe action as the army was crossing the Atchafalaya, four being wounded, Lieutenant McClure, mortally. General Stanley once wrote, " I had the Eighth Wisconsin, big, stalwart fellows, who could march a mule off his feet, and who proved at Corinth, on the 28th of May, 1862, at Iuka, and again at Corinth ; the 4th of October, that they could fight as well as march." CHAPTEK VII. THIRTEENTH, FOURTEENTH, AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. Thirteenth Infantry. ORGANIZATION, ROSTER, MARCHES ON THE WESTERN BORDERS, AT DONELSON, BATTLE OF CLARKVILLE, AT STEVENSON, VETERANIZED, AT HUNTSVILLE, PURSUIT OF FORREST, INVESTED BY HOOD, IN TEXAS, SUFFERING AND SICKNESS,— CHAPLAINS, MUSTER - OUT. Fourteenth Infantry. — REVIEW, — EXPEDITIONS, — AT VICKSBURG, — MEDALS OF HONOB, RE-ENLISTMENTS, RED RIVER EXPE DITION, BATTLE OF TUPELO, AT MOBILE, CLOSE OF SERVICE, STATISTICS. — Fifteenth Infantry. — REVIEW, — FROM ISLAND NUMBER TEN TO CHAPLIN HILLS, TO STONE RIVER, CHICKAMAUGA AND MISSION ARY RIDGE, — THENCE TO KNOXVILLE, — TO ATLANTA, — CLOSE. . THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. The Thirteenth Wisconsin Infantry was recruited from the southern counties of the State, rendezvoused at Camp Tred- way, Janesville, and was mustered in, October 17, 1861. The colonel, Captain Maurice Maloney, had been in the regular army fifteen years, and had served in Mexico* Florida and Oregon. By the advice and efforts of the chaplain, Rev. H. 0, Tilton, an " army church " was organized, while at Janesville, with a membership of 102. It proved an active and useful organization. The regiment left the State for Leavenworth, Kansas, on the 18th of January, 1862. The following was the roster : Cohnelr^-M&urice Maloney. Lieut. Colonel— J 'as. F. Chapman. Surgeons- John Evans. Major— Thomas Bigney. 1st As. Surgeon— -E. J. Horton. Adjutant— WiUiam Ruger. H As. Surgeon— Simcm L. Lord. Quartermaster— Piatt Eyplesheimer. Chaplain— H. 635. -After the battle they partook 'of the suffering of Rosecrans': army for want of clothing, provisions, and tents. January 31st, 1863j they went on a scouting expedition against Wheeler's and Forrest's forces, tarried a few days at Franklin, and returned. Other expeditions, and out-post and picket duties engaged them until the movement of Rosecrans'; army, June 24th, to ward Chattanooga. They were in the third brigade, Colonel Heg, first division, McCook's corps, and .were detailed to act as rear ¦ guard of the right wing. They passed Tullahoma and Winchester, crossed the Cumberland Mountain, in August, and encamped at Stevenson, Alabama, on the 20th day of that month. Their: brigade laid the pontoons across the Tennessee River, and they were the first to pass over. They crossed the 792 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Sand and Lookout Mountains, and appeared on the field at- the battle of Chickamauga. Their action, bravery, and loss in that struggle have been described, pages 684, 685, -688, 690. They subsequently engaged on the fortifications at Chatta nooga ; a part escorted a supply train to Stevenson ; the rest cut and rafted timber for pontoon bridges; and all, united, took part in the storming of Missionary Ridge,, recorded on page 694. Then they proceeded to reinforce Burnside, at Knoxville, marching one hundred and ten miles with scanty rations. From that place they made various short marches, and December 25th, moved to Strawberry Plains, seventeen miles from Knoxville, and there aided in building a railroad bridge. January 15th, at Dandridge they were joined by a party of convalescents, who had been left at Chattanooga, and who, on their route, had just taken part in a severe engagement with Wheeler's cavalry" at Charleston, Tennessee, routing the rebels, whose loss was ten killed and one hundred and sixty-seven wounded and prisoners. In January they had orders to proceed to Wisconsin on a veteran furlough, but the threat ening movements of the enemy forbade their going, and they still kept at duty in the field. April 7th following, they moved southward to join the Army of the Cumberland, and encamp ing at McDonald Station, Tennessee, made preparations for the spring campaign, and May 3rd, accompanying the fourth corps, joined Sherman's army near Ringgold, Georgia. In the march and conflicts from that point to Atlanta, they took honorable part. The record of their fortune and deeds has been made as follows: their relative place in the army, page 699; at Resaca, 701, 705; at Dallas, 708, 712; at Kenesaw, 717; at Peach Tree Creek, 728; at Atlanta, 735. They marched through Atlanta, in pursuit of the retreating enemy, and encamped, on the 3rd of September, near Loyejoy Station. Two days afterward, they returned and encamped four miles from Atlanta, on the Augusta Railroad.- On the 29th, they Were ordered to Chattanooga, where they performed provost guard duty until the 17th of October, when they moved fourteen miles, to Whiteside Station, on the Nashville Railroad, and there guarded a bridge until their muster-out. Companies A, B, C, and E were mustered out in December, FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. 793 1864, at Chattanooga, and the balance in January and February, 1865, at the same place, Lieutenant Colonel Johnson being mustered out with the last company. The recruits and veterans of the regiment, seventy-two in number, were transferred to the Twenty-fourth, and subse quently to the Thirteenth Wisconsin. Their muster-out roster was as follows : . Colonel — Ole C. Johnson. Major — George Wilson. Surgeon — A. F. 1 St. S. Lindsfelt. Adjutant- -Otto A. Risum. 1st AssH. Surgeon — Samuel Bell. Quartermaster — Selah Matthews. Chaplain — John H. Johnson. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Henry Siegel. B Joseph Mathieson. Ole R. Dahl. Christian Hyer. C John T. Rice. James Larson. D Lewis G. Nelson. Nelse G. Tuft. . E Torkild A. Rossing. F. Charles Gustaveson. Theor Simonson. G John A. Gordon. Charles B. Nelson. H Andrew A. Brown. Cornelius E. Williams. I Wm. A. Montgomery. Tindames M. Gosman. Christian Oleson. K Mons Gimager. Ellend Erickson. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 801. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 20; in 1864, 76; in 1865, 1; substitute, 1; draft, none ; veteran reenlistments, 7 ; total, 906. Loss : — by death, 267; missing, 23; desertion, 46; transfer, 47; discharge, 204; muster-out, 320. CHAPTER VIII. TWENTIETH, TWENTY-THIRD, AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Twentieth Infantry. — REVIEW, — SERVICES AROUND VICKSBURG AFTER ITS SURRENDER, CAMPAIGN TO THE RIO GRANDE, INHABITANTS, ARMY CHURCH, — MOBILE EXPEDITION, — THE CLOSE. — Twenty-Third Infantry, EARLY HISTORY, REVIEW, VICKSBURG, --- TEXAS AND RED RIVER EXPEDITIONS, AT MOBILE, CLOSE, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Twenty-Fourth Infantry. — REVIEW, — OHAPLIN HILLS,— r-STONE RIVER, CHICKAMAUGA, MISSION RIDGE, KNOXVILLE, ATLANTA CAMPAIGN, Battles of Franklin and Nashville, — CLOSE, — BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. The early history of the Twentieth Infantry has- been given, pages 581 to 584. Their participation in the battle of Prairie Grove, where they made one of the most heroic and terrible charges of the war, is included in the same chapter, pages 586 to 589 ; their list of wounded in that battle, page 591 ; the names of the killed and mortally wounded, in the list of the dead at the close of the volume ; their subsequent history, until they took position in the trenches before Vicksburg, on pages 590, 591. They were sent too late to take part in the battles around Vicksburg, but bore an honorable part in the siege, which is specially noticed on page 657, After the surrender of that fortress, their division (General Herron's) was ordered to reinforce General Banks, at Port Hudson ; but the surrender of the enemy there rendered the movement unnecessary, and they engaged at once in the expedition to Yazoo City, where they captured sixty or more straggling rebels, besides a com pany of forty or more, commanded by an officer, who volun tarily surrendered to Captain Miller and ten men. Occupying TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 795 Yazoo City as provost guard until the* 21st, they then returned to Vicksburg. Two days later they embarked for Port Hudson, where they remained, , suffering much . from sickness, until August 13th, when they embarked for Carrollton, Louisiana, and September 5th, accompanied an expedition to Morganzia, in that State. The following day, at ten o'clock in the evening, while out with their brigade, on the Simmsport road to the Atchafalaya River, the enemy suddenly opened fire upon .them from an ambuscade, causing them to fall back in the darkness seven miles, to GrossetSte Bayou. They returned, on the 7th, to Morganzia, with a loss of one man killed. This movement was a successful feint to compel Dick Taylor to divide! his forces, and thus enable General Franklin to occupy Opelousas without serious opposition. They next embarked for the mouth of .the Red River, where they were engaged in scouting .until October 9th, when they returned to camp at Carrollton, and prepared for a winter campaign. They were now assigned to the thirteenth army corps, and with it went to the Rio Grande. This regiment and the Twentieth IoWa were crowded upon the steamer Thomas A. Scott, and on the afternoon of the 26th, dropped down below New Orleans, to the head of the passes, and awaited the arrival of the balance of the fleet. At two in the afternoon of the 27th, they crossed the bar, and the twenty-seven vessels composing, the fleet stood out to sea. On the night of. the 29th, they encountered a violent storm which Continued through the 30th. At sunset, November 1st, they dropped anchor off Brazos Santiago. The Scott was soon afterwards ordered to the mouth of the Rio Grande, where, on the 3rd, Colonel Bertram attempted to land his brigade. Starting in small boats with one huudred men, he got through the surf, losing two men of the Twentieth Iowa and two sailors drowned. It being found impracticable to land the brigade, the ship on the aext day joined the fleet, when the men took a light-draught boat, crossed the Brazos bar safely, and at dark landed. During the voyage, religious services were held every morning on the Scott, conducted by the chaplain of the Twen tieth Wisconsin. They were seasons of interest to all on board. On the 9th of November, the regiment arrived at Browns* 796 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ville. The rebel General Bee, with 300 men, fled at the approach of the Federals, burning a large amount of cotton and the soldiers' barracks. The citizens welcomed the union troops cordially. Here the regiment was employed in the performance of fatigue, garrison and picket duty at Fort Brown, and in preventing the shipping of cotton and the smuggling of English goods into the country. English cloth ing and horse-shoes, and many other articles from Great Britain, were seen here. They were landed at Matamoras, Mexico, and passed across the river as opportunity offered. The English merchants at Matamoras were doing an immense business. On the 12th of January, 1864, the regiment, with the Ninety-fourth Illinois, and a battery, crossed the deep and rapid, but narrow, Rio Grande, to Matamoras, in Mexico, under command of Colonel Bertram, who was ordered by General Herron to protect Mr. Pierce, the United States Con sul there, and assist in the removal of property belonging to American citizens. Colonel Cortina, a Mexican officer with a small army, had become engaged in a civil broil with the authorities of Matamoras, and in the night attacked the town. In a short time an exciting battle was raging in the dark streets, in the heart of the city. The federals advanced with the stars and stripes flying, and the bands playing " Yankee Doodle" and "Rally round the Flag, Boys." The Twentieth was detailed to guard the residence of the consul during the fight. Each of the belligerents sought the aid of the " Yankees " against the other. The women thanked God at their approach. Colonel Bertram, however, in accordance with his instructions, took no part in the fray. For the skillful manner in which he performed his delicate task, he was afterwards complimented in an order by Major General Herron. General Banks, also, says that the duty could not have been entrusted to better hands to execute. The consul and three army wagon loads of gold and silver were escorted across to Brownsville for safety. All returned to the American side on the 14th, and the Twentieth returned to Fort Brown. For years, a kind of guerilla warfare had been waged along both sides of the Rio Grande, in which Mexicans, Texans and Indians had taken apart, — the Mexican, a cross between the Indian and negro, and the Texan, an out- TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 797 law, who had fled from civilization to save his head. The poorer Mexicans lived in houses of cane and straw that resem bled cow- sheds rather than human dwellings. Many of them obtained a livelihood by selling wood, which they transported on the backs of poor, wretched, little, lean donkeys, the crooked limbs of the wood being adjusted to the animal's ribs. Hay was carried in the same way, and also upon carts drawn by oxen hitched together at the horns, — oxen poorer than Pharaoh's lean kine. Half- naked Mexicans harnessed them selves to barrels in which they drew water about the streets for the citizens. The common dress was of leather, — horse- hide tanned with the hair on being preferred as most genteel., Deer-skin jackets, hats with enormous brimB, belts with con-, cealed knives, and red sashes, constituted some of the articles of clothing seen in the streets of Brownsville. During their stay of eight months, the regiment enjoyed excellent health. The water of the Rio Grande was more healthful than any they had drank except that of the Mississippi, since leaving Missouri. They built an ice house, and cleaned the filthy streets of Brownsville. Only five deaths occurred in the regi ment while they remained. An army church was formed in the brigade. The third article of their creed expressed their unyielding love of eoun- try. Patriotism and religion were entwined together about the hearts of these frontier soldiers. Divine service was held daily for four months in the Episcopal church. Two hundred and fifty of the brigade, representing sixteen denominations, united with the army church, of whom eighty were of the Twentieth Wisconsin. Of these, twenty were new converts. The church was filled with soldiers every night, and Chaplain Walters says that better behaved audiences never met. The sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered from time to time. All sectarian feelings were buried, and the union was thoroughly Christian. The religious element in the regiment predominated from this time to the close of the war. Hymn- books, testaments, religious tracts and newspapers were the common literature of the soldiers. The officers paid respect to the religious services, and cooperated With the chaplain in his labors for the good of the men. 798 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. In July, 1864, military movements at other points rendered it expedient to withdraw from the Rio Grande.: On the 28th of that month, all the troops left Brownsville, taking their sick, all their munitions of war and two thousand refugees. Oh the 1st of August, the fleet left Brazos Santiago, for New Orleans, the Twentieth Wisconsin embarking with the commanding general as his escort. They reached Carrollton on the 5th, debarked, and on the next day went into camp on the Shell road. On the 7th.- they embarked on the same boat to join Farragut's expedition against the forts commanding Mobile. Four days afterward, they landed and .took position at Navy Cove, four miles from Fort Morgan, where they took part in the investment and reduction of that stronghold. They were situated on a belt of sand, two-thirds of a mile wide, washed on one side by the Gulf of Mexico, and on the other by Mobile Bay, Fort Morgan being at one end. On the 23rd, the fort surrendered, and the Twentieth Wisconsin and an Iowa regi ment received the garrison of six hundred men as prisoners of war. They were afterwards actively employed in building bridges and repairing railroads and telegraph lines. In Sep tember, they rafted 50,000 feet of lumber down Fish River, and had a slight skirmish with the enemy. They remained near Mobile until December 14th, when they sailed with other troops to Paseagoula, Mississippi, and landed on the following day, pushing their horses overboard and compelling them to swim ashore. The rebel cavalry guarding the place fled at their approach. Colonel Bertram immediately moved his command into the country towards Mobile. On Sunday, the 18th, at two in the afternoon, while halted upon Franklin Creek, near the state line of Alabama, heavy firing was heard along the picket line. The Twentieth was in line in three minutes, and at once double-quicked to the stream, crossed the bridge, and joined in a fight. General Granger said it was the quickest time he ever saw made by a whole regiment. The rebels were routed after a brisk skirmish. One man of the Twentieth was dangerously wounded. On Christmas day, the regiment embarked on an immense raft of lumber, which they had put into the stream at a saw mill, and floated on it thirty miles down the Dog River, through TWENTIETH INFANTRY. 799' a hostile country, with, no protection against sharpshooters and guerrillas along the banks, except breastworks of cotton; bales on one side of the raft, and of sweet potatoes on the, other. They reached the confluence of the Dog and Paseagoula rivers, with their lumber, in safety. Remaining in the vicinity of Paseagoula until February 1st, 1865, they then returned to their old camp at Navy Cove, near Mobile. At Paseagoula,, Colonel Bertram commanded the military district, and Lieutenant? Colonel Starr, the brigade to which the Twentieth belonged, and Major A. H. Pettibone, the regiment. All distinguished themselves as officers, and had the unbounded confidence of their commanding general. .---.-,- , ... /. On the 8th of March, the regiment, with the entire brigade, moved out five miles toward Mobile, and encamped until the 17th, when the march was resumed up the peninsula. On the 22d, they crossed Fish River at daylight, on pontoon bridges, and encamped to await the arrival of the whole army. On the 25th, the march was resumed, and a number of horses were killed by torpedoes planted in the road by the rebels. On the 27th, they went into position before Spanish Fort, and at four in the afternoon, advanced within short range of the rebels. Companies A and- B were deployed as skirmishers. Captain Stone, of Company B, led them bravely, and fell, mortally wounded. He was a noble and patriotic young officer, and died greatly lamented. The regiment held their line all night, and for several days were on duty almost constantly until they were nearly exhausted, losing four killed and wounded. In the afternoon of the 31st, the rebels shelled them furiously. The regiment was alternately a day in the trenches and then in the rifle-pits in front, and were located on the extreme left of the line. Mobile soon after surren dered, in the reduction of which the regiment were engaged so long* and performed so important a part. On the 21st of April they moved to Blakely. On the 5th of May, the order was received announcing the cessation of hostilities east of the Mississippi. , On the next day the regiment crossed the bay, and encamped four miles from Mobile, on the. Shell road, ex pecting soon to be mustered out. In June the regiment was sent to Galveston, Texas, and four weeks after, July 14th, were 800 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. mustered out, and embarked for home. They reached Madison July 30th, where they received their pay and were disbanded. They returned with four hundred and seventy-five enlisted men, and left eighty-four recruits at Galveston, with the Thirty- fifth Wisconsin. Their loss during the war was five hundred, a large proportion of them having been discharged for disability. They traveled by rail and water, and on foot, seven thousand miles. For their good conduct and courage, while under his command, General Granger, in a letter to Governor Lewis at the time they were mustered out, praised the regiment in the strongest terms. The muster-out roster, as given by the Adjutant General, was as follows : Colonel — Henby Bertram. Lieut . Colonel — Henry A. Starr. Surgeon — Orrir. Peak. Adjutan t — David W. Horton. 1st Ass't Surgeon — Marks A. Mosher. Quartermaster— -William H. York. Chaplain — Alfred H. Walters. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Samuel P. Jackson. Phineas J. Clawson. B Frederick A. Bird. C Charles Boyle. Moritz E. Everz. D Almerin Gillett. Edgar E. Ellis. William H. Farnswor E Alfred F. Baehr. Gottlieb Baumann. George Henze. F Nelson Whitman. Cyrus C. Rice. G Edward G. Miller. Albert J. Rockwell. H George W. Miller. Alonzo E. Cheeney. I William Harlockee. David B. Arthur. John Stack. K. Howard Vandagrift. Samuel B. Jackson.- Charles Proctor. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 990. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 12; in 1864, 120; in 1865, 6; sub stitute 1; total, 1,129. Loss: — by death, 227; desertion, 41 ; transfer, 115 ; discharge, 222 ; muster-out, 524. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. The several companies composing the Twenty-third Wis consin Regiment, were ordered to rendezvous at Camp Ran dall. They arrived there on the 25th of August, 186.2. Lieu tenant Colonel Joshua J. Guppey, formerly of the Tenth Regiment, superintended and completed the organization. The roster was the following : TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 801 Colonel — Joshua J. Guppey. IAevt. Colonel — Edmund Jussen. Major — Charles H. Williams. Adjutant — William G-. Pitman. Quartermaster — Franklin Z. Hicks. Surgeon — James Prentice. 1st As, Surgeon — John G-roening. 2d As. Surgeon — James C. Axtell. Chaplain — C. E. Weirich. Captains. A— William F. Vilas. B — Charles M. Waring. C— Edgar P. Hill. D — Joseph E. Green. E — James M. Bull. F— Jacob A. Schlick. G — John F. Hazelton. H— D. C. Holdridge. I — Anson R. Jones. K— Nathan- S. Frost. First Lieutenants. Sinclair W. Bodkin. John E. Duncan. Oliver H. Sorenson. Joshua W. Tolford. John A. Bull. Elisha L. Walbridge. Chester W. Tuttle. Robert Steele. John Starks. E. S. Fletcher. Second Lieutenants. Alexander Atkinson. Warren Gray. John Shoemaker. Frank A. Stoltze. Henry Vilas. Daniel 0. Stanley. William H. Dunham. Alpheus W. Baker. John M. Sumner. John B. Malloy. The regiment was fully equipped before leaving for active duty, with the' exception of tents and canteens. Nearly thirty of the officers had seen service in other regiments. They left Madison on the 15th of September, having been ordered to report at Cincinnati, which city, it was apprehended, the rebels designed to attack. Reaching there, they crossed the Ohio River, to Kentucky, and encamped about five miles beyond, on the Alexandria Turnpike. Leaving their encampment on the 8th of October, and tarrying six days near Falmouth, they moved to Paris, to aid in defending that place against a threatened attack, and remained until the 28th, at which date they marched, by way of Lexington, to Nicholasville, the ter minus of the Kentucky Central Railroad, where they en camped. The day before leaving Paris an order was issued by General Burbridge, prohibiting the troops from allowing negroes within the camp grounds, closibg with these words : " Three hours are hereby given to clear all camps of negroes and camp followers, in this division." The officers of the regiment were very indignant, and declared that they would not obey it, as it was in opposition to general orders from Washington, forbidding the army to return fugitives. While at this place, the regiment was highly complimented by their commanding general, for proficiency in drill, attaining a superiority over all the troops with whom they were associ- 51 802 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ated. The men manifested great cheerfulness and content ment, in contrast with many other regiments, owing, it is said, to the joint good management of the colonel and the quarter master. They left Nicholasville on the 8th of November, marching eighty-six miles, under an intensely hot sun, to Louisville, where they embarked on the 19th, going down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, arriving at Memphis, Tennessee, on the 27th, and joining the forces under General Sherman, then preparing to attack Vicksburg. The regiment were called upon, at Louisville, to attend the funeral of one of their comrades, the first taken from their ranks by death — William Daniels, of Company A. It was a sad and painful sight as they bore him to the grave, and strangely in contrast with the scenes of death, through which the regiment subsequently passed*. The same impression accords with the experience of every regiment. But the terrible battle, wounds, and long exposure made death a familiar visitant, and the occasion less and less impressive. At Memphis the regiment was assigned to the first brigade, tenth division. On the 18th of. December, while at Memphis, Captain Nathan S. Frost, of Company K, died in the hospital. He was a man of amiable qualities, and very much esteemed. Here a regimental church was formed, comprising eighty members ; a sign that there were those in the regiment who were determined not to forget their vows of loyalty to God while away from home. On the 21st of December, the regi ment embarked on transports, and sailed for Milliken's Bend, twentj-five miles above Vicksburg; then marching into the interior, they destroyed several bridges on the Shreveport Rail road, and tore up the track, burning, also, over half a million dollars' worth of cotton, with other property. On the 27th, they went down the Mississippi to the Yazoo River, and sailing up that stream thirteen miles, disembarked ; and march ing about eight miles, took position in line of battle three miles from the enemy's fortifications, on the east of Vicksburg. They soon moved to within a mile of the enemy's works, and subsequently went to Milliken's Bend, to the " Cut-off," and to Arkansas Post, or Fort Hindman. Their admirable conduct in the capture of that place is recorded on pages 639, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 803 640. Next they appeared at Young's Point, near Vicksburg. There three-fourths of their seven hundred men were sick, which may well be imagined to have been a time of sadness and suffering. In March of that year, fifty-seven of the regi ment died of disease. From January 1st, 1863, to April 30th, one hundred and fifty died, and one hundred and thirteen were discharged. February 14th, they went to Greenville, in pursuit of the enemy, and then to Cypress Bend, where they had a running fight with the rebels. Thus they were engaged in various short expeditions until the last of April, when they moved southward, crossed the Mississippi with other forces, arid became engaged in the battle of Port Gibson, described on pages 643 to 645. At Champion Hills they fought bravely, pages 649 to 651 ; at Black River Bridge they took successful part, page 653 ; in the siege of Vicksburg they honored them selves and their cause, pages 658, 661, 662. After the surren der, the Twenty-third encamped south of the city, near the east bank of the Mississippi, until the 24th of August, when they accompanied the thirteenth corps to New Orleans, and from that place to Berwick City. They participated with the corps in an expedition toward Opelousas, beginning their march on the 7th of October, and going through Franklin, Centreville, and New Iberia, near to Vermillion, a march of seventy-two miles. October 15th, they proceeded to Bayou Borbeaux, and on the 3rd of November, to Grand Coteau-, where they engaged in a fierce battle, described on pages 745, 746 ; in which connection is a description of the expedition itself. Returning to Algiers they received orders to join the Texas expedition. Embarking at New Orleans, they arrived on the 29th of December at Decrow's Point, Texas, where they landed and encamped. On the 20th of January, 1864, they made a reconnoissance of over one hundred miles through the Peninsula of Matagorda, returning on the 24th. Remain ing a few weeks, they proceeded again to Berwick City, arriving on the 26th of February, and encamping the next day. They were now to take part in the famous Red River expedition, and for this purpose left Berwick City on the 7th of March. Their history in general in that unfortunate cam- 804 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. paign is that of the army engaged ; their particular services are described on pages 752, 753 ; their wounded, 755. At the close of that expedition, they went into camp at Baton Rouge, and July 8th, moved to Algiers, and thence to Morganzia, where, August 18th, the regiment was transferred to the third brigade, second division, nineteenth army corps, Colonel Guppey being placed in command of the brigade. On the 20th, they moved to New Orleans, and thence sailed for Mobile Point Landing, near Pilot Town, on the 24th. The next day they embarked upon an expedition to Cedar Point, fifteen miles distant, under command of Colonel Guppey. Upon their approach to this place, the rebels evacuated a fort which had been built on the point, leaving one gun in our pos session. On the second of September, the regiment reem- barked for Morganzia, the forts at the mouth of the Mobile harbor (not the city) having surrendered to our forces. There they performed garrison and post duty, making frequent scout ing expeditions through the country. On the 3rd of October, they embarked and sailed to Bayou Sara, and marched thence to Jackson, Louisiana, sixteen miles beyond. The following day, on their return, they encountered the enemy, and had a severe skirmish, in which they lost two killed and four wounded. Returning to Morganzia, they soon after went on a similar expedition to the mouth of the Red River, and after wards to the White River, whence they proceeded by boat to Helena, and performed garrison duty there until the 23rd of February, 1865, at which time they sailed for New Orleans, and soon joined an expedition destined for the reduction of Mobile. Landing at the mouth of Mobile Bay, they marched to Spanish Fort, aiding in building ten miles of corduroy bridges on the way. Upon the 30th, they were ordered to Blakely, five miles north of the fort, near which place they took position before the enemy near the left of our line, Com panies G and I being thrown forward as skirmishers. During the night of April 5th, they moved to the extreme right, for the purpose of supporting that wing in case of an attack. On the night of the 7th, two hundred men were engaged in erect ing fortifications for batteries. They were exposed to artillery fire, and had one man killed and three slightly wounded. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 805 Two days afterward, that portion of the regiment not engaged in the rifle-pits moved to the front, and formed a support to the line which that day charged and took the enemy's works at Blakely. On the evening of the eleventh, the regiment marched fifteen miles, to Stark's Landing, on Mobile Bay, and crossed to Magnolia Race-course Wharf, five miles below the city. Thence they marched to Mobile, and there . performed patrol and picket duty. May 6th, Companies C and E were sent to . East Paseagoula, Mississippi, to repair roads j- and remained there until June 10th. The regiment was mustered out on the 4th of July, and the next day started for home, arriving at Madison on the J6th. They there received their final pay, and on the 24th were disbanded. Colonel Guppey was breveted brigadier general, for meritorious services. The muster-out roster was the following : Colonel — Joshua J. Guppey. Lieut. Colonel — Edgar G. Hill. Major — Joseph E. Green. Adjutant — Carl Jussen. Quartermaster — Henry L. Gray. Surgeon — John W. Angell. Chaplain — Miles G. Todd. ympani /. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Henry Vilas. Alexander Atkinson. B John E. Duncan. Francis G. Marsh. C Oliver H . Sorenson. John Shoemaker. John L. Jolley. D John M. Sumner. James L. Baker E Robert M. Addison. F Jacob A. Schlick. Daniel C. Stanley. Robert B. Crandall. G Joshua W. Tolford. Frank H. Lull. H James B. Duncan. I Lewis D. Frost. John G. Norton. K Joseph W. Richardson, The official report says of Captain Frost, that "he was endeared to his associates by every attribute of manhood, — unassuming in his deportment, high-minded, virtuous, gene rous and humane." Chaplain C. E. Weirich died February 15th, 1863, at Young's Point, of typhoid fever, after an* illness of but one week. His death caused universal sorrow in the regiment. He was an exemplary Christian, and a true patriot. Captain Charles M. Waring, of Company B, died at Mem phis, February 17th, 1863 :— " As an officer, he had no supe rior in the line, and as a gentleman, was respected and 806 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. esteemed by all his companions in arra3 ; kind and generous to a fault, beloved by his command and esteemed most where his virtues were fully known, his unexpected death cast a deep gloom over the regiment." Lieutenant E. L. Walbridge, of Company F, died at La Crosse, Wisconsin, March 31st, 1863, while on his way home, on leave of absence. He was a fine officer, and his loss was deeply regretted in the regiment. Lieutenant A. J. McFarland, of Company K, was struck by a rifle ball, while leading his men into action at Vicksburg, May 20th, 1863, and died at Portage Wisconsin, the 4th of July following. " He was one of the finest officers in the army, and his loss was severely felt. His gentlemanly deportment, kindness of heart, purity of purpose, valor, and every thing that contributes to true manhood, won for him the respect, love and admiration of all his associates." The extent to which some families were involved in the war is illustrated by this : — Isaac S. Roy, a Christian man of Dane County, enlisted in the Twenty-Third Regiment, was soon dil? abled by sickness, and after long suffering, died near Milli ken's bend, in April, 1863, his two eldest boys being at the same time members of the- Eighth Regiment, and his two youngest children being now in the Soldiers' Orphans' Home, at Madison. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 994. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 1; in 1864, 118 ; in 1865, 4; total, 1,117. Loss : — by death, 289 ; missing, 1 ; desertion, 6 ; transfer, 124; discharge, 281 ; muster-out, 416. TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The early history of the Twenty-fourth Infantry has been given on pages 605, 606. Their part in the battle of Chaplin Hills, on page 614f in connection with the general description of that conflict, in which so many Wisconsin troops were en gaged. Their course from Chaplin Hills to Stone River is narrated on page 619; their corps, division, and brigade in the battle of Stone River, page 622; their prominent services there, 626 and 629 to 632 ; their dead and wounded, 633 to 636. TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 807 They remained at Murfreesboro until Rosecrans' march to Chattanooga, and accompanied the expedition, which has been described in the chapter on Chickamauga. Their part in the battle at that place has been grouped with the general account, and with the particular services of other Wisconsin regiments, and is on pages 685, 686, 687 ; their wounded on 690. Their part at Missionary Ridge, together with their superb charge there, is given on pages 694, 695 ; notices of their dead and wounded, pages 696, 697. November 28th, 1863, they proceeded, with the fourth corps, on a march of one hundred and thirty miles to Knoxville, Tennessee, where Burnside was invested by the rebels under Longstreet. The enemy raised the siege and retired. The Twenty-fourth made several short marches in that vicinity, and then encamped at Blane's Cross Roads, eighteen miles from Knoxville, and January 15th, 1864, crossed the Holston River at Strawberry Plains, and marched to Dandridge, twenty- five miles, where they moved to the front in line of battle, and charged a battery, driving the rebels from their position. They afterward returned to Knoxville, and moved to Loudon, and finally engaged in the Atlanta campaign. Their position in Sherman's army is stated on page 699 ; their part at Resaca, pages 702, 703, 705 ; at Dallas, 709, 713 ; at Kenesaw Moun tain, 718, 719, 722; at Peach Tree Creek, 728, 730; in the siege of Atlanta and pursuit of the enemy, page 736. THE BATTLES OF FRANKLIN AND NASHVILLE. The Twenty-fourth Regiment remained in camp near Atlanta until the latter part of September, when they moved by rail to Chattanooga, and there performed garrison duty until November 1st, when, participating in the movements to thwart the rebel leader, Hood, they moved to Athens, Ala bama, on the Nashville and Decatur Railroad. Marching thence northward, and fording Elk River, they reached Pulaski, Tennessee, on the 5th, eighty miles south of Nashville, where they fortified themselves, and remained two weeks. On the 24th, they encamped at Columbia, built fortifications, and four days later, being steadily pressed by the advancing rebel army, 808 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. , crossed the Duck River on a railroad bridge. On the 29th, they reached Spring Hill just in time to prevent the rebel cavalry from occupying the town, and soon fell back still farther to Franklin. General Hood, instead of pursuing Sherman, and harrassing his rear in his march to the sea from Atlanta, turned north ward, evidently with the intention of making a diversion of our forces, and of marching into the Northern States. This, Gen eral Grant declares, was just what he desired him to do. He came up with our main force, commanded by General Scho- field, at Franklin, Tennessee, and on the afternoon and night of November 30th, repeatedly assaulted our works. The Twenty-fourth Wisconsin was either in line of battle or in motion on that day, from four o'clock in the morning until half-past two in the afternoon, without food, and at that time were ordered four hundred yards to the rear, to rest and get their dinner. Two hours later, the enemy made a furious attack upon the Federal front, driving in our troops in confu sion. The Twenty-fourth moved rapidly to the point of attack, and charged with fixed bayonets, driving many strag gling rebels back to the works, and retaking part of the lines which the impetuous enemy had seized just before. The fight ing there was for a time hand to hand with bayonet and sabre. Early in the action, Lieutenant Colonel McArthur was severely wounded while bravely leading his men in the thickest of the battle. Major Philbrook assumed command, and gallantly performed his duty at the head of his troops until about dusk, when he was instantly killed, his body falling into the hands of the enemy. Captain E. B. Parsons, then took the com mand. The severest fighting ever done by the regiment was at the battle of Franklin. The first line of our forces was held by inexperienced troops, and when they were repulsed it was restored by the first brigade, of which the Twenty-fourth formed a part. They held the key position to the entire*line. Had they given way the passage over the Harpeth would have been uncovered, and the retreat of the Federal army across that river cut off. jDolonel Opdycke, who commanded the brigade, says they captured three hundred and ninety-four prisoners (of WfcBTUlW EnTO Co.1' ^i%Lr S^ze ^4r^ COL.24th_WIS_VOLS_ ]-:.nqra/ed exfhkssiyfoh'wisconsihinthe-warofthe F.l,;l-KI1.10N-' BATTLE OF FRANKLIN. 809 whom nineteen were officers), nine rebel flags, retook the colors belonging to a less fortunate but friendly brigade, retook eight pieces of artillery, and worked them with awful havoc on the deep columns of the enemy, restored our lines, and saved the army from disastrous overthrow. Generals Wagner, Cox, Wood, and Schofield have each said that " the first ' brigade saved the day." Major General Thomas said to Colonel Opdycke, after the battle, " From what they tell me, Colonel, your brigade saved the day." Major General Stanley, com manding the fourth corps at Franklin, says, "I will not absolutely say the Twenty-fourth Wisconsin saved the battle of Franklin, but I can testify from the evidence of my own eyes that they had a great deal to do with saving it. At the very moment all seemed to be lost, the routing of the rebels and the retaking of our batteries, at the moment the rebels were about to turn our own guns on us, was a most important crisis in that battle. In this feat the regiment was gallantly and well led by your boy colonel, Arthur McArthur." After our works, were retaken, arid the rebels were driven beyond them, the, Twenty-fourth held their position until eleven o'clock at night, being under fire about seven hours. Some of the men exposed themselves to the rebel shots by going back to bring up ammunition, and our fire was so hot and incessant that no further assault was made on our lines. The official report of the regiment makes honorable mention of Sergeants Thomas Toohey and Felix McSorley, of Com pany F, who bravely assisted in working the guns of a battery near the right of the regiment, under the enemy's hottest fire, after nearly every man had left them. Corporal John Miller, of Company B, is also complimented for bringing off the colors of the Fifty-first Illinois, which had been left on the field. Carrying them all night, he delivered them the next day to the adjutant of that regiment. As a portion of the enemy had crossed the Harpeth below Franklin, and were marching to our rear, a retreat was ordered, and soon after midnight the Twenty-fourth fell back to con centrate at Nashville. They marched all night, and reached that place at noon December 1st. From that time to Decem ber 15th, they formed a part of the human bulwark between the rebels legions under Hood, and the city in their rear. 810 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The enemy's loss in the battle of Franklin was 1,750 killed, 3,800 wounded, and 702 prisoners. They had six general officers killed, six wounded, and one captured. Among the officers killed was General Patrick Cleburn, who, on going into battle, as they were passing a beautiful church grave-yard, said, "If I fall in this action, bury me there;" and there they buried him. Reinforcements were sent to General Thomas, and General Grant, at the east, grew nervous over the situation at Nash ville. He started to superintend affairs there himself, but at Washington heard that Thomas had attacked and routed the enemy. It was December 15th that that able general made a feint on Hood's right, and a real attack upon his left, which drove him back eight miles. The next day the battle was renewed, and became severe in the afternoon. At nightfall, the enemy- gave way in confusion and panic. Early on the 17th, the Federals renewed the pursuit, which was very disas trous to the rebels. The Eighth, Fourteenth and Twenty- Fourth Wisconsin regiments were in this battle. The parts taken by the two former have been detailed in connection with their history. At eight o'clock on the morning of the 15th, the Twenty- fourth moved from their position to engage in this battle. After advancing and halting several times in succession, they reached the first range of hills, and soon came under accurate fire from the enemy's artillery. They changed position at length, moved over the hill and through a ravine to the foot of another hill, and prepared to charge the enemy's guns upon it. But as they moved forward, the rebels were driven by our skirmishers. They went to the top of the hill, and finally to the front, and then to the skirmish line^ where they were again under fire. The next day, they advanced two miles, drove the rebel skirmishers back to their main line of works, and remaining close to those works, kept up a constant fire until three o'clock in the afternoon, when they were relieved for two hours, and afterward marched to the front again. In this battle, and from December 9th to the evening of the 16th, Major William Kennedy, being the ranking captain present, had the command of the regiment, but unfortunately, TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 811 when dismounting at the close of the action, received a severe injury, from a horse near by, and was laid aside for six weeks. The rebels lost in this battle many killed and wounded, 13,189 prisoners, 2,000 deserters, seventy-two pieces of artillery, and many battle-flags. Hood retired with the remainder of his forces to Northern Alabama. Our loss was 10,000 in killed, wounded and missing. After the pursuit, the regiment moved with the fourth corps to Huntsville, Alabama, arriving on the 5th of January, 1865, and went into winter quarters. During this campaign, they had marched one hundred and fifty miles, through drenching rains and over almost impassable roads. The men suffered extremely and bore their fatigue with patient endurance. March 28th, they moved by rail to Bull's Gap, East Tennessee, fifty-six miles north-east of Knoxville, in which vicinity they spent a time in repairing the railroad, and April 22d, moved to Nashville, where they were encamped until mustered out on the 10th of June. Five days afterward, they reached Milwau kee, three hundred and twenty-five in number, where they were invited .to a generous dinner at the building of the Sol dier's Home Fair, after which, and a cordial reception by Mayor Talmadge, and speeches by G. W. Allen and ex-Gover nor Salomon, they returned to Camp Washburn, received their final pay, and were disbanded. The regiment was composed principally of men of Milwau kee and vicinity, and was known as the " Milwaukee Regi ment." It was a superior body of soldiers. Many of tho bravest and most promising young men of Milwaukee entered its ranks. The swift-winged arrows of death made havoc among them at Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, and Franklin, all of which now celebrated names were inscribed on their colors. Lieutenant McArthur entered the regiment at its origin as adjutant, at the early age of seventeen, and becoming the senior officer in rank, was doubtless the youngest regimental commanding officer of Wisconsin, — per haps the youngest of, the land. He was breveted colonel for " meritorious services," and has entered the regular army. He and other officers of the regiment would have been honored with further full promotions, had the numbers in 812 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the regiment allowed. The muster-out roster was the fol lowing : Lieut. Colonel — Arthur McArthur, Jr. Surgeon — Herman E. Hasse. Major — William Kennedy. 1st AssH. Surgeon — Jarod P. Wheeler. Adjutant — Horace Buchanan. Chaplain — John P. Roe. Quartermaster — Samuel B. Chase. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Richard H. Austin. Willard B. Coburn. B George Allanson. Charles Morrow. C Charles Hartung. Charles 0. Mayer. D Louis T. Battell. Draper D. Goodrich. E David Y Horning. Byron D. L. Abert. F Julius W. Clark. G John W. Plummer. H John Nicholas Klefer. I William H. Sibley. Henry A. Reed. K Thomas E. Balding. John E. Armitage. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,003. Gain: —by recruits in 1864, 70; in 1865, 4; total, 1,077. Loss:— by death, 173; desertion, 71 ; transfer, 138; discharge, 289; muster-out, 406. Major Alvah Philbrook, who was instantly killed at Frank lin, soon after the grand charge that turned the tide of battle in our favor, " was beloved and esteemed," says Captain Par sons, " by all, both officers and men, and his loss was 6orely felt." Lieutenant Goodrich adds, " He had not an enemy in the whole regiment." He served faithfully and bravely ; his name was entered on General Rosecrans' roll of honor for gallant services in the field; he rose from the captaincy of his company to the majority of his regiment; and his death seems the more sad because he fell so near the close of the great con test when soon he might have shared in the nation's rejoicing over victory. But victory and liberty cost many such deaths ! Another offering on the altar of freedom is the following : Amandus Silsby, a youthful son of Reverend J. Silsby (in child hood with his parents, missionaries in Siam), desired, early in the war, to enlist in the army. His father at first felt that he could not consent, but when he saw that the war meant free dom, he willingly yielded. Amandus went through the battles and hard marches in which the Twenty-fourth were engaged, without losing a day by either real or feigned sickness, until the 22d of June, 1864. On the skirmish line before Kenesaw TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 813 Mountain he was struck in the arm and thigh by a minie ball, and was borne back to Chattanooga, where after lingering in hope of recovery for two months, he died, in full consciousness and hope, August 31st. His father gave him to the martial conflict because it meant freedom to the slave : the offering was accepted, and the son was taken. But the gift was not with out gain. That son x faithfully observed his promise to his mother, that he would keep aloof from army vices. And his army experience brought a salutary and, finally, Christian dis cipline to his spirit, as it did to tens of thousands. Some in the army went down, but many went up in the scale of manli ness and all worth. Look at a different sacrifice. G. R. Hayden, of the Twenty- fourth, in a narrative of the march from Murfreesboro to Chattanooga, relates the sad case of a noble lad of fourteen, (the child of poor parents devoted to the Union cause), who, being supposed to be a rebel, was. killed by our sharp-shooters in a skirmish, just as he was crying out "Hurrah for the Union !" The broken-hearted mother could not be consoled. She had nerved herself to the utmost to aid our soldiers, and her darling boy had been shot by one of their own number ! CHAPTER IX. TWENTY-SEVENTH, TWENTY-EIGHTH, AND TWENTY- NINTH INFANTRY. Twenty-Seventh Infantry, — ORIGIN, — AT COLUMBUS, — AT VICKSBURG, — HELENA, LITTLE ROCK, IN THE RED RIVER EXPEDITION, BATTLE OF JENKINS' FERRY, BEFORE MOBILE, IN ALABAMA, IN TEXAS, — CLOSE. — Twenty-Eighth Infantry, ORIGIN, — IN KENTUCKY, — AT HELENA, WHITE RIVER EXPEDITION, YAZOO PASS EXPEDITION, IN THE ARMY OF THE ARKANSAS, IN THE THIRTEENTH CORPS, AT MOBILE, — IN TEXAS, — CLOSE. — Twenty-Ninth Infantry, — ORIGIN, — MOVEMENTS IN ARKANSAS, CONTRABAND COTTON TRADE, YAZOO PASS EXPEDITION, AT PORT GIBSON, CHAMPION HILLS, AND VICKS BURG, BATTLE OF GRAND COTEAU, TEXAS AND RED RIVER EXPE DITIONS, MUSTER-OUT . TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. On the 17th of September, 1862, eight companies of the Twenty-seventh Regiment were ordered to rendezvous at Camp Sigel, Milwaukee. Much delay was experienced in leaving the State, in consequence of some of the companies falling short of the minimum number. Liberty was granted on this account, by the Government, for further recruiting, two more companies were added to the number, and a complete organization effected, under the superintendence of Colonel Krez. This gentleman practised law at Sheboygan, and had been district attorney of the county. Dr. J. J. Brown, the Lieutenant Colonel, was an old resident of the State, and a physician highly esteemed for his skill and energy: The regi ment was mustered into the United States service on the 7th of March, 1863, and on the 16th, left the State for Columbus, Kentucky. The roster, as it stood on the day after the regi- TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 815 ment left the State, when some changes were made, was as follows : Colonel — Conrad Krez. Lieut. Colonel — John J. Brown. Surgeon — Christian Krak. Major — Ten Eyck G. Olmstead 1st As. Surgeon — Geo. Hutchinson. Adjutant — Charles Meyer. 2d As. Surgeon — J. C. 'Saltzman. Quartermaster — Wm. N. Shafter*. Chaplain — William P. Stowe. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — C. H. Cunningham. J. J. Borland. Edward Bach. B — E. W. Stannard. Aaron Hobart. Julius Schlaich. C — Fred. Schnellen. David Schreiack. Conrad F. Smith. D — Joseph Rankin. Thos. McMillan. William Henry. E — Alfred Marschner. John A. S. Verdier. Carl Witte. F— S. D. Hubbard. Edw. W. Robbins. Wm. F. Mitchell. G — William Wigham. James Gunn. Amanzer Strong. H — Chas. Corneliusen. Ole Jacobson. Albert L. Lund. I — James C. Barnes. Julius Bodenstab. William T. Cole. K — Peter Mulholland. Charles H. Raymer. Charles F. Folger. Franz Simon was appointed the first second assistant sur geon, but declined. J. C. Saltzman was the first first lieuten ant of Company A, but was promoted to be surgeon. Robert Homer was the first second lieutenant of Company G, but died January 6th, 1863. The drill of the first eight companies was excellent while at Milwaukee, under Lieutenant Colonel Brown, and the regi ment left the State as well or better fitted for the service than any that had gone before. They engaged at Columbus in garrison duty, under General Asboth, until the latter part of May, moving once, meanwhile, to Cape Girardeau, to expel rebel raiders. About June 1st, they proceeded down the Mis sissippi, and were stationed at Snyder's Bluff, during the siege of Vicksburg. There they were ordered up the Yazoo, to Sartatia, but two days after returned, under General Kimball, to Snyder's Bluffs, where they remained until the surrender. A more particular account is on page 658. Lieutenant Colo nel Brown says of Captain Stannard, who was killed on the march from Sartatia, that he was " an excellent officer, and one of the most prominent men of Sheboygan county." He also says that the march was conducted with too great rapidity 816 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. for men who had just come to so hot a region from the north, and that one-half the men fell sick, many of whom never recovered. After the surrender of Vicksburg they moved to Helena, where Lieutenant Colonel Brown had charge of a convalescent camp, containing over 2,000 men and forty officers, until in April, 1864, his health and constitution failing, he was dis charged. August 13th, the regiment was transferred to the forces under General Steele, and then proceeded up the White River, encamping at DuvalPs Bluff on the 24th. In the begin ning of September, they reached Little Rock, assisted in its capture, and going into camp, remained there until the 23rd of March, 1864. At that date they moved with General Steele's forces, to join the Red River expedition, and their history during that campaign, including the battle of Jenkins' Ferry, is given in the general account which concludes with their particular services on page 759, their wounded being named on page 760. On the 3rd of October, the Twenty-seventh proceeded down the Arkansas River, to Pine Bluff, to reinforce the com mand of General Clayton, who was threatened by a superior force, under General Magruder. Remaining here until the 22d, they returned to Little Rock, and were then detailed to guard the bridges and stations on the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, west of Brownsville. Engaged in this duty until the 7th of February, 1865, they were then ordered to joiu General Canby's Forces, at New Orleans. Reaching Mobile Point, near Fort Morgan, they were there assigned to the third brigade, third division of the thirteenth army corps. A part of General Canby's forces were to be used for the reduction of Spanish Fort ; they left Mobile point, therefore, for this purpose, on the 17th of March, and took position in the trenches on the 27th. The enemy evacuated the fort during the night of April 8th. In the siege, three of the regi ment were killed and two mortally wounded, who died at New Orleans. Seven others were wounded, the names of the five being as follows : Company C, John H. Rosebaum, John H. Questloff, John Reinbaum ; Company D, F. II. Steele ; Com pany K, William Robinson. Subsequently, the Regiment TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY 817 marched through Mobile, to Whistler's Station, where they rejoined the brigade. From this point they marched to Man- nahubbah Bluff, near the confluence of the Alabama and Tom bigbee Rivers, and ascended the Tombigbee to Mcintosh Bluff, where they were employed in building fortifications until the surrender of the rebel General Taylor's forces. On the 9th of May they proceeded down the river to Mobile, where they remained until the 1st June, and then left for Brazos Santiago, Texas, where they disembarked on the 6th of June. On the 2d of August, they moved to Brownsville, and were there mustered out of service. They reached New Orleans, on their way home, September 5th, and Cairo, Blinois, on the 14th, and proceeded by rail to Madison, where, being paid, they separated for their homes. Their muster-out roster was the following : Colonel — Cokrad Krez. Lieut. Colonel— Tea Eyok G. Olmsted. Swgeon — Robert Mitchell. Adjutant — D. Leprelette Moore. 1st AssH Swgeon — James B. Cooper. Quartermaster— Joseph F. Kent Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Charles Cunningham. Edward Bach. William Stone. B Roswell H. Tripp. 0 Conrad F. Smith. John Gehring. D Joseph Rankin. Thomas McMillan. Nicholas Hanson. B Carl Wine. Charles W. Walther. Irvin V. Bliss. F Josish Piatt. Peter Daane, Jr. Clayton Stevens. Qt James Green. Amanzer Strong. H John A. S. Verdier. Ole Nelson. I James C. Barnes. Julius Bodenstab. K Peter Miuholland. Michael Mullen. Michael A. Maguire. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 865. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 24; in 1864, 236; in 1865, 68; substitutes, 8; total, 1,196. Loss: — by death, 246 ; missing, 4; desertion, 56 ; transfer, 57 ; discharge, 248 ; muster-out, 585. TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. The Twenty-eighth Infantry was intended to be a Waukesha County regiment, but a portion of it was recruited from Wal worth County. The men were mustered into service October 14th, at Milwaukee, under command of Colonel James M. Lewis, formerly Surgeon of the Second Wisconsin Infentry. 52 818 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. At the battle of Bull Run, while ministering to the relief of the wounded, he was taken prisoner and carried to Richmond. Upon his return from that captivity he was greeted with a warm welcome by thousands of sympathizing friends. The regimental roster was the following : Colonel — James M. Lewis. Lieut. Colonel — Charles Whitaker. Surgeon — William H. Smith. Major — Edmund B. Gray. 1st As. Surgeon — Lewis K. Hawes. Adjutant — John A. Savage, Jr. 2d As. Surgeon — Daniel M. Miller. Quartermaster — George W. Wylie. Chaplain — E. S. Peake. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — John A. Williams. Arthur Holbrook. William E. Coates. B — M. G. Townsend. Cushman K. Davis. Charles B. Slawson. C — Thomas N. Stevens. Andrew J. Gilmore. Lowell L. Alvord. D — E. S. Redington. Hiram N. Hayes. James M. Mead. E — James S. Kenyon. William E. Bingham. Charles J. Collier. F — Calvert C. White. Jeremiah Noon. Walker L. Bean. G— Elihu Enos, Jr. David Turner. Willis V. Tichenor. H — Herman A. Meyer. James Murray. Wallace Goff. 1 — A. F. Shiverick. Lindsay J. Smith. Alex. T. Seymour, K — Ira H. Morton. William J. Briggs.; Levi J. Billings. Daniel S. Curtis was the first first lieutenant of Company C, but resigned December 11th, 1862. John W. Lowry was the first second lieutenant of Company H, but resigned December 12th, 1862. Horace B. Crandall was the first captain of Com pany I, but resigned October 25th, 1862. In November the regiment was occupied in arresting draft rioters in Ozaukee County. December 20th, they started for Columbus, Kentucky, where they arrived on the 22d, and were at once sent by railroad to Union City, to defend it against an expected attack. Meeting no enemy, they returned the fol lowing day. On Christmas Day they were sent by steamer to Hickman, Kentucky, where they destroyed a quantity of guns and ammunition, throwing the former into the Mississippi, except one fine rifled piece, which they took with them to Columbus. On the 29th of December, the first death occurred in the regiment since leaving the State, that of Lieutenant Walker L. Bean, of Company F, noticed on pages 551, 552. He was a genial, earnest man, and a good officer. TWENTY-EIOHTH INFANTRY. - 819 The regiment remained at Columbus until immediate danger from Forrest was at an end, and on the 5th of January, 1863, embarked for Helena, Arkansas, where they landed on the 7th, and on the 11th embarked upon an expedition up the White River into the centre of the State. They were now attached to the second brigade, thirteenth division, thirteenth army -corps. This expedition consisted of thirty-two steamers containing some 15,000 troops, under command of General Gorman. They wound through the bends of that stream, the bows of the steamers occasionally running into the banks, and the overhanging trees sweeping the decks and knocking the loose guns and knapsacks into the muddy current. On the 14th they arrived at St. Charles, Arkansas, one hundred miles above the mouth of White River. The rebel fortifications here were strong, but the capture of Arkansas Post by General Sherman, a few days before, had so dispirited the enemy that he fled from the place, removing the guns and stores the day before the arrival of the Federal troops. The Twenty-eighth, with a small additional force of cavalry and artillery, was left in charge of the post, under command of Colonel Lewis, while the the balance of the expedition moved on to Duvall's Bluff. While the fleet was at St. Charles, a number of valuable build ings were burned by some of the troops, who had a special hostility against the place, on account of the treatment received the summer before by some of their comrades who were on the ill-fated steamer Mound City when she blew up. In that calamity our men who were struggling helplessly in the water were shot by the rebels on shore. The men of the Twenty- eighth were accused of setting fire to those buildings, but were proven innocent. The colonel had, at the outbreak of the fire, assembled the regiment, formed line, wheeled it into column of companies, and stationed a guard so that no absentee could rejoin his company, and then had the roll called, and every man not in his place noted. But three were missing, and their absence was satisfactorily accounted for. The balance of the expedition having arrived at Duvall's Bluff, and General Gorman having learned that McClernand's cooperating expedition had not succeeded in getting above Pine Bluff, in the Arkansas River, on account of the shoals, 820 WISCONSIN LN the war. he ordered that several miles of the Little Rock and Memphis Railroad, which here crosses the White River, be destroyed, collected some small-arms, captured two heavy guns and one field-piece, and returned, taking the garrison at St. Charles as he went back. The Twenty-eighth endured the exposure to the snow-storms and fatigue which were experienced upon this expedition much better than the other regiments of the brigade, — their health remaining comparatively good, while much sick ness generally prevailed. The Colonel's knowledge of sani tary matters contributed largely to secure a good state of health in the regiment. Lieutenant James M. Mead, of Company D, died at Helena, February 23rd, of typhoid pneumonia. He was esteemed by all who knew him. His parents resided in Whitewater, and he was their only son. Having been transferred to the first brigade, commanded by General Salomon, the regiment embarked, February 24th, to take part in the " Yazoo Pass expedition." This remark able " pass " is a myth to most students of geography, it not being laid down on either the map of the United States, or of Mississippi. About eight miles below Helena, on the east side of the Mississippi, the levee had been cut, and the water, which in its then high stage was sweeping on to the Gulf, was in part turned into a ravine which stretches to a small body of water called Moon Lake, whose eastern shore is eight miles from the Mississippi. From this lake, a swampy lagoon, which is the " pass " proper, and twelve miles long, connects with a small river called the Coldwater, so small a stream as not to be noticed on the maps. This river runs in a southeasterly direction, into the Tallahatchie, which, uniting with the Yalla- busha, forms the Yazoo, that empties into the Mississippi a few miles above Vicksburg. For three weeks, whole regi ments from Helena had been engaged at the pass, cutting down the huge cypress and cotton-wood trees and pulling out logs, thus making a passage about forty or fifty feet wide, through which this fleet of seventeen transports and five gun boats made its way, working through its winding intricacies at the rate of from three to six miles per day. Once in the " pass," the boats were compelled to go through, and that, too, during high water, or be left in the swamp among the rebels TWENTY-EIGHTH infantry. 821 when the water subsided. An outline of the expedition is given on pages 641, 642. On the 1st of March, the fleet got safely into the Coldwater, at that time about one hundred feet across. Here they were stopped, and ordered to build barricades of timber around the decks. On the 6th they reached the Tallahatchie, and pro ceeded cautiously down to Curtis' Plantation, near the junction of the Tallahatchie and Yallabusha, where they arrived at noon on the 11th. Just above the junction, the Tallahatchie makes a short turn to the east, and the two united bend to the west, forming a pear-shaped peninsula, with only half a mile across the neck, while the distance around is twelve miles. The rebels had built Fort Pemberton on the neck of the pear, at the bend, having the rivers on two sides, and a bayou on a third side. The fortifications were composed of seven tiers of cotton bales and eight feet of earth outside, with several heavy guns. Just above the bend, the enemy had anchored a raft, constructed of huge cypress and gum-trees, their sharpened limbs projecting up stream, and threatening destruction to approaching boats. The fleet haviug tied up at the Curtis Plantation, the Forty- sixth Indiana was ordered out to reconnoitre, and soon meeting the rebel pickets, commenced a sharp skirmish in the woods. The rebels crossed the bayou, wading and swimming it, and losing some men. The Twenty-eighth Wisconsin was ordered down the right bank of the river, to support the Forty-sixth. The iron-clad Chillicothe steamed down into view of the rebel works, and commenced hurling her eleven-inch balls. The Twenty-eighth came in range of a shower of shot and shell from the fort, and were compelled to move to the right and halt in the woods. The Chillicothe withdrew out of range, having suffered severe loss, and the Twenty-eighth advanced, deployed into line, and lay in the woods all night and the next day. Meantime, the Chillicothe had again been prepared for action, and together with a land-battery of two thirty-two pounders, which had been planted on shore, opened fire on the fort, while the Twenty-eighth lay in the woods in the shade, and listened to the deafening roar that was continued from ten in the morning until five in the afternoon, when the firing 822 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ceased and they again went on picket. The bombardment had accomplished nothing. The iron-clad De Kalb lost two men, and the Chillicothe was struck fair and square thirty-four times with the steel-pointed shot from the rebel sixty-eight pounders, and considerably weakened. The 14th of March was spent in repairing the plates of the Chillicothe, and planting an addi tional gun, carrying a seven-inch ball, in the land battery. On the morning of the 15th, the Twenty-eighth was ordered for ward. It bad been concluded that the heavy guns in the fort could be silenced by the aid of the columbiad in the land bat tery, and that then troops should be advanced on the smaller boats to storm the fort. General Ross called for a brave storming-party, to lead this assault, and was referred to Colonel Lewis, who reported to him. Five companies were ordered back to camp, and the other five forward to the gunboat Signal, which they boarded with the utmost alacrity. The boat was ordered to lie close to the bend, and as soon as the two heavy guns were silenced, to steam immediately down to the fort, cut through the raft which obstructed the river, and storm the works ; the boat being proof only against musketry. After a hot fire of fourteen minutes, the Chillicothe was struck simultaneously just above the two bow ports, driving in the bolts so as to completely lock up both port doors. She was compelled to withdraw from the fight, which soou ended, and the storming-party were not called upon to perform their desperate task. The 16th and 17th were spent in making infantry reconnoisances on both sides of the river, the Twenty- eighth taking the advance. It was discovered that the rebels had sent a force with some artillery to cut off their supplies, and as- it was found impossible to take the fort with the force then there, the fleet returned to the Coldwater, at the mouth of which they met General Quimby's division, and the whole fleet, consisting of thirty-five steamers, returned to Fort Pem berton. They again erected land batteries, the construction and protection of which subjected the troops to much severe labor under the guns of the rebels. The attempt to reduce the fort was unsuccessful, and the expedition returned to Helena, where it arrived April 8th. The troops suffered severely from fatigue, exposure and close confinement on crowded transports, TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 823 having been kept on board in rainy weather for ten days at a time. During their stay near Fort Pemberton, the regi ment, with a battalion of cavalry and a section of artillery, the whole under command of Colonel Lewis, were ordered to McNutt, Mississippi, to destroy some rebel stores. They met a small body of cavalry, which they dispersed, and captured eleven prisoners. The stores were destroyed after a rapid march of twenty miles, and the command returned to camp without loss. May 5th, they accompanied an expedition in search of the enemy to Cotton Plant, Arkansas, but found no enemy, and returned to Helena on the 17th, after a march of one hundred and twenty miles. The regiment performed post and garrison duty at Helena, and labored on the fortifications until July 4th, when, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Gray, they took part in the battle .of Helena, a full description of which is on pages 663, 664. The Twenty-eighth took position in the rifle pits supporting Battery " B," on the left, from which they poured a deadly fire upon the attacking columns, and contri buted largely to the success of that day, in repulsing the rebel hordes. They lost two killed, four wounded and five missing. August 6th, the regiment was transferred to the " Army of Arkansas," and on the 11th, left Helena with General Steele's command, for Little Rock. On the 13th, they halted at Clar endon, after a hot and dusty march of sixty-one miles, in which they did not lose a man or an animal, although escort ing a train of four hundred and sixty-eight wagons, loaded with supplies for General Davidson's army. The men suffered terribly for want of water, but not a man was left by the way side, which could not be said of any other regiment. " The White River here is a beautiful stream, swift and deep, and as large as 'he Hudson ; has more miles of navigable water, and a better country on its banks ; yet the wilderness is almost unbroken, and the settlements are in the most primi tive state, so far as improvements are concerned." Colonel Lewis, although sick, started with the expedition, and in command of the brigade. He rapidly grew worse, and was soon entirely unable to perform duty. The Twenty- eighth, however, had but eleven taken sick on the march to Claren don, while another regiment of the brigade had sixty-three. 824 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The expedition having here united with General Davidson's cavalry force, which had marched down through the State from Cape Girardeau, Missouri, continued the movement toward Little Rock on the 22d, sending the sick on steamers up to Duvall's Bluff, which place the expedition reached on the 23rd. About one hundred of the Twenty- eighth, who were too sick to march, and had been left at Helena, were also sent to Clarendon, and thence to the Bluff by steamer. Some died on the trip ; among these Sergeant Plympton, of Company C, August 27th, on board the steamer Westmoreland. He was an estimable young man, a faithful soldier, and a Christian. The sick suffered very much from want of sanitary stores. August 28th, Colonel Lewis, in obedience to. the order of his attending surgeon, took a steamer for Memphis. September 10th, the expedition entered Little Rock, after a very tedious and fatiguing march, in which, for days, water could be ob tained only from pools. The city was taken by a flank move ment, in which only the cavalry division was engaged. Colonel Edmund B. Gray's report has furnished many leading facts with respect to the movements of this regiment up to this date. They remained at Little Rock until October 26th, when they accompanied the brigade in pursuit of Marmaduke's forces, which had been defeated at Pine Bluff. The next day they reached Benton, on the Sabine River, where they relieved a cavalry force, which continued the pursuit. On the 29th, they advanced to Rockport on the Washita, where further pursuit was abandoned, and they returned to Little Rock, by way of Benton, November 1st, having marched one hundred miles. November 7th, they were detached and ordered to join Colonel Clayton's command at Pine Bluff, sixty miles distant, on the Arkansas River. Here comfortable winter quarters were erected, and the regiment was engaged in post and garri son duty till March 27th, 1864, Lieutenant Colonel Gray being in command of the post. At this date Companies A, D, F, G, H, and I, under command of Captain Smith, with an additional force of infantry and cavalry, made an expedition to destroy the pontoon bridge at Longview, on the Sabine River. The next day they arrived af Mount Elba, where the infantry, TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 825 less than five hundred in number, were left to guard the bridge, while the cavalry pushed forward to Longview. On the 30th, the force at the bridge was fiercely attacked by 1,500 rebels. The six companies of the Twenty-eighth met and- checked them, until recalled to the main body. Soon after the rebels made a charge upon them, and were repulsed after a hard fight, the enemy leaving one hundred killed and wounded on the field. The cavalry having now returned, hotly pursued the flying foe ten miles to Centreville. The following day the expedition returned to Pine Bluff with three hundred and twenty prisoners. April 28th, three hundred and fifty men of the regiment, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Gray, were ordered to Mount Elba, to lay a pontoon bridge across the Sabine River, and guard it until the passage of a train with supplies for our forces at Camden. Information was received that Gen eral Steele was retreating toward Little Rock, and the detach ment returned to Pine Bluff on the 30th. During the months of June and July, the regiment was employed much of the time, by day and night, in labor on the defences of Pine Bluff; the Arkansas River being now the line to which the Federal army had been driven. The regiment performed duty at this point until November 30th, when they returned to Little Rock. After making an expedition, under command of General Carr, in January to Mount Elba, the regiment was ordered to New Orleans, and arrived at Algiers, near that city, Feb ruary 16th. On the 22d, they reembarked and sailed to Mobile Point, where they were . soon assigned to the third brigade, third division, thirteenth corps. March 17th, they joined the column advancing against Spanish Fort, moving with great difficulty, the roads being next to impassable, and reached the trenches before the fort on the 27th. The rebels evacuated April 8th, and the following day the regiment marched five miles to Blakely, but were too late to participate in its reduction. They afterward moved into Mobile, where they spent but a single night, and marched northward to Whistler Station, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad ; thence to the confluence .of the Tombigbee and Alabama Rivers, and up the former stream to Mcintosh Bluff, where they labored upon 826 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fortifications until the surrender of the forces under Dick Taylor, when, their services there being no longer required, they went to Mobile, and on the 31st of May, embarked for Texas. Reaching Brazos Santiago, June 6th, and stopping ten days, they then marched to Clarksville, at the mouth of the Rio Grande, where they performed garrison and picket duty until August 3rd, when they marched to Brownsville, and were mustered out August 23rd, they embarked fdr home, and arrived at Madison September 15th, where, on the 23rd, they were paid and disbanded. Lieutenant Colonel Gray was commissioned colonel March 16th, 1864, and may not have been mustered as such for want of numbers in the regiment. Colonel Lewis was discharged January 2d, 1864. The muster- out roster, according to the record at the office of the Adju tant General, was the following: Lieut. Colonel — Edmund B. Gray. Surgeon — William H. Smith. Major- —Calvert C. White. 1st. AssH Surgeon — Daniel M. Miller. Adjutant- -Jerome B. Magill. Chaplain — Ebenezer S. Peake. Quartermaster — Charles J. Collier. * Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants A John A. Williams. William E. Coates. Rulif F. Hopper. B Charles B. Slawaon. Franklin A. Bennett. C Thomas N. Stevens. D Edward S. Redington. Henry H. Watts. E James S. Kenyon. Wm. E. Bingham. Asa W. Hibbard. F Archie D. Montieth. James S. Worthman. G Willis V. Tiehenor. Albert Foster. H James Murray. Jonathan L. 0. Brien. I Lindsey S. Smith. Alex. T. Seymour. Smith A. Hartwell. K George F. Cowing. ¦ Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 961. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 2; in 1864, 125; in 18*65, 17; sub stitutes 32; total, 1,137. Loss: — by death, 231; desertion, 31; transfer, 81 ; discharge, 221 ; muster-out, 573. TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. The Twenty-ninth Infantry was recruited principally from the counties of Jefferson, Dodge, Dane, and Columbia, and was mustered into the United States service September 27th, 1862, at Madison — only one week after their arrival in camp. The roster was as follows : TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 827 Colonel — Charles R. Gill. Lieut. Colonel — Gerrit T. Thorne. Major — William A. Greene. Adjutant — Valentine Sweeney. Quartermaster — Samuel Baird. Surgeon — William C. Spaulding. 1st As. Surgeon — Robert Addison. 2d As. Surgeon — D. Dubois. Chaplain — John I. Herrick. Captains. A — Bradford Hancock. B— Thomas R. Mott. C— H. E. Connit. D— G. H. Bryant. E — Hezekiah Dunham. F — Charles A. Holmes. G— Fred. C. Festner. H — C. C. Ammack. I— Oliver C. Bissell. K— W. A. De la Matyr. First Lieutenants. Oscar F. Mattice. Charles Wood. James 0. Pierce. David W. Curtis. Darius J. Wells. Emil Stoppenbach. Oscar Mohr. John W. Blake. William K. Barney. Edwin Marsh. Second Lieutenants. George Weeks. Royal P. Branson. Lovell F. Willard. Chas. H. Townsend. George W. Hale. John B. Scott. Alba N. Kent. Thomas Delany. H. Niedecken, Jr. William V. Perry. J. F. McClure was the first second assistant surgeon, but resigned September 15th, 1862. On the 2d of November, the regiment left the State for active duty. Proceeding down the Mississippi, they encamped on the 7th, on the eastern bank of that river, opposite Helena, Arkansas. On the 15ti, four hundred men of the regiment, commanded by Colonel Gill, joined an expedition into the interior of Arkansas, by way of White River. The whole force was 8,000 men. Low water in the river pre vented their ascent, and after some foraging and collecting a few negroes, they returned. On this expedition Private Charles Drieger, of Company D, received a flesh-wound in the back from a guerrilla lurking on the shore, and Matthias Locas, of Company I, stepped overboard, as it was supposed, when partly asleep, and was drowned. The regiment performed picket duty and engaged in occa sional expeditions until December 23rd, when they crossed over to Helena, and soon after moved down to Friar's Point, where they drove away a band of guerrillas and established camp. A few days afterward, four hundred men of the regi ment, under command of Colonel Gill, marched into the interior, and put to flight a force under command of the rebel General Forrest. At this time a trade of considerable impor- 828 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. tance had sprung up in the vicinity of Helena, between the Union men — both officers and citizens — and the Southern people. Merchandise was extensively exchanged for cotton. Colonel Gill, commander of the post at Friar's Point, en deavored to stop the traffic there, and ordered that no property be sent out of the lines, without a permit from himself. The effect of the stringent measures taken by this officer was to check the contraband trade for a time. But it seems that this speculation was countenanced at headquarters in Helena. The rebel inhabitants at Friar's Point and vicinity appealed to General Gorman, at Helena, and secured the removal of Col onel Gill and the revocation of his order prohibiting illegal traffic ! Colonel Gill was placed under arrest for three days, after which, with no charges brought against him, he was unconditionally released. The pretence for the arrest was, that the colonel must be held responsible for a certain fire in the town, inasmuch as he did not produce the incendiary. That offender he was unable to detect. The real reason of the arrest was, doubtless, his interference with cotton specu lations ! Friar's Point was now abandoned, and the troops returned to Helena. General Gorman wa*s soon superseded. January 11th, 1863, the regiment embarked with a force intended to take part in the reduction of Arkansas Post. On arriving at the mouth of the White River, information was received of the surrender of that place and they steamed up the River to Duvall's Bluff. After capturing some artillery, small arms, stores, and prisoners, the command returned to Helena on the 23rd. The regiment, while on this expedition, was attached to the gallant first brigade, commanded by Colonel McGinnis. February 21st, they embarked to take part in the famous Yazoo Pass expedition. They proceeded down the Mississippi and through the Pass to the Coldwater River, where they were stationed as guard until March 1st, when they returned to Helena. April 5th, one hundred men of the regiment were detailed to join a force of cavalry and infantry, the whole under command of Major Bradford Hancock, of the Twenty-ninth, who proceeded to the St. Francis River, defeated a body of rebels and returned to Helena. The regiment was now assigned to the thirteenth TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 829 corps, and, April 10th, embarked at Helena for Milliken's JBend. On the 16th, they commenced, the march to the south of Vicksburg, through almost impassable swamps and across numerous bayous, constructing bridges and roads as they ad vanced. They .crossed the Mississippi a short distance below Grand Gulf, on the 30th, and continued the march toward Port Gibson, reaching the vicinity of that place early on the morning of May 1st. The record of their services in the battle at that place is on pages 644, 645. An account of their gallant action at Champion Hills, in which Major Bradford Hancock was wounded in the thickest of the fight, nobly doing his duty, is on pages 650, 651. General McGinniss highly praised the regiment for their conduct there, and said of Col onel Gill and Major Hancock, " they are deserving of all honor for their endurance and bravery, and the complete control which they evinced over their respective commands." The part taken by the regiment in the siege is related on pages 658, 659. Colonel Gill's health .failed at Vicksburg, compel ling him, on the 27th of June, to resign. In the fall of 1865, he was elected Attorney General of Wisconsin. In the second battle of Jackson, the Twenty-ninth also took part, page 662, and after the evacuation of that city by the rebels, they returned to Vicksburg, and on the 6th of August, proceeded by boat to Natchez, and a few days after to Carroll ton. September 14th, they marched to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, and the following day took the cars for Brashear City. Early in October they broke camp, and, with a portion of the thirteenth corps, marched by way of New Iberia, Vermil lion Bayou, and Grand Coteau Bayou, to Opelousas, where they had a slight skirmish, without loss to the regiment, on the 21st. November 1st, they marched ten miles to Carrion Crow Bayou, and on the 3rd, reinforced General Burbridge's com mand, four miles distant, and aided in saving a portion of his train. On the 20th, they accompanied a secret expedition, which resulted in the capture of one hundred and fourteen prisoners at Spanish Lake. Returning to New Iberia, they were employed as pickets and guards for forage trains until December 19th, at which date they were put in motion, by way of Franklin and Centreville, to Berwick, returning to Algiers on the 25th. 830 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The record of the regiment in the Texas expedition, in Jan uary, 1864, has been given, pages 743 to 746 ; and in the Red River expedition, pages 753, 755. Having returned to Algiers July 9th, 1864, they turned over their mules and wagons to the quartermaster, and prepared for a transfer to the Army of the Potomac. The order for this change, however, was countermanded. They were now 'attached to the first brigade, provisional division ; and while waiting to move, the brigade was ordered to Morganzia, which it reached on the morning of the 26th. A reconnoisance took place on the 28th, on the Atchafalaya River, in which the regiment had a severe skirmish. The rebels held a superior position, on the opposite bank. At the close of the engagement, the Twenty-ninth returned to camp, with a loss of one killed and one wounded. They were assigned, August 13th, to the second brigade, second division, nineteenth army corps, and August 23rd, they embarked for Port Hudson, where they landed the next day, and moved towards Clinton, Louisiana. Marching all night over almost impassable roads, they arrived at Clinton on the 25th, too late to assist in the capture of the place, which had been taken by a force sent from Baton Rouge. During this advance from Port Hudson, the men were greatly exhausted ; having marched twenty-four hours, with but twenty minutes' rest. After a short halt, they were again in motion, and arrived at Port Hudson on the 29th, where they reembarked for Mor ganzia. September 3rd, they took transports, with the second division, and the next day went up the Mississippi, to the mouth of the White River, which they reached on the 8th, and landing near it, camped in a cotton field. On the 10th, they embarked, and went up the White River to St. Charles, Arkansas, where they engaged in guard duty, and in expedi tions against guerrillas. October 23rd, they were on an expe dition to Duvall's Bluff, whence they returned the 25th, and reembarked the 27th, for the mouth of White River. November 11th, they went up the Mississippi ten miles, to capture mules for army use. On the 12th, they again moved up White River to Duvall's Bluff, and proceeded thence by rail to Little Rock. There they met their comrades of the TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY. 831 Ninth Wisconsin, who had generously prepared supper for them, in anticipation of their arrival. They performed picket and guard duty till November 24th, when they returned to Duvall's Bluff, whence they proceeded by way of the White and Mississippi Rivers to Memphis, which they reached on the 28th. They next went with the expedition under General Lawler, to aid Grierson's cavalry. Leaving Memphis December 21st, they marched to Moscow, and returned to Memphis on the 31st. Here Company • I rejoined the regiment. While at Little Rock, this company was sent up the Arkansas River, to Fort Smith, as guard to a steamboat. When sixty-five miles above Lewisburg, the boat was snagged, and became a total "loss. The company camped near the place of disaster until December 20th, when they were furnished with transportation, and rejoined their comrades at Memphis. The regiment embarked, January 1st, 1865, for New Orleans, which they left February 5th, for Dauphin Island, near Mobile. They were there assigned to the first brigade, first division of the thirteenth corps. March 17th, they crossed the bay to Mobile Point, whence they marched for Spanish Fort. The approach to this work was very difficult, the road being low and swampy, twenty miles of which it was necessary to cordu roy. On the 27th, they took position in the trenches before the fort, where, during the siege, they lost one man killed and one wounded. April 3rd, they took position with the forces besieging Blakely. On the 8th, they marched three miles toward Spanish Fort, which surrendered that day, and they were ordered back to Blakely, which also surrendered on the 9th. The regiment took no active part in the assault at this place. April 12th, they crossed Mobile Bay, and landed on its eastern shore, five miles below the city. They were the second regiment to enter Mobile, where they were assigned to perma nent duty as provost guard. May 25th, two men of the regi ment were killed and four wounded by an explosion of ammu nition in a storehouse. May 26th, the regiment embarked for New Orleans, where they immediately moved to Shreveport, Louisiana, reaching that place June 8th. They performed provost and guard duty until the 22d, when they were mus- 832 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. tered out of the service, and took transports for the North. They reached Madison July 5th, and on the 17th, were paid and disbanded. Colonel William Greene resigned January 26th, 1865, and Lieutenant Colonel B. Hancock was commis sioned Colonel, to date from April 30th, 1865, but was not mustered. The muster-out roster was the following : Lieut. Colonel — Bradford Hancock .Quartermaster- •John P. De Merritt. Major — Horace E. Connit. Surgeon — Jacob L. Potter. Adjutant- -Henry C. Hadley. 1st AssH Surg.- -Joseph H. Barber. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. ¦ Second Lieutenants. A Oscar L. Ray. John N. Davis. B Darius S. Gibbs. Fred. B. Northrup. C William F. Pearsons. Oscar Lawrence. D Gustavus H. Bryant. E Joshua A. Stark. Charles H. Eggleston. F Charles A. Holmes. G Oscar Mohr. Alba M. Kent. Julius Schroeder. H William Carroll. William Wilson. I William K. Barney. Edwin H. Cole. K Edwin, Marsh. Robert E. Gray. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 961. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 2 ; in 1864, 114 ; in 1865, 11 ; substitute, 1 ; total, 1,089. Loss : — by death, 296 ; desertion, 39 ; trans fer, 103; discharge, 184; muster-out, 467. Twenty-seventh Regiment. — " The nationality of the enlist ed men of the Twenty-seventh Regiment, that were originally mustered," says Rev. Wm. P. Stowe, the first chaplain, "was as follows : American born, 312 ; foreign, 576. The Amer icans were from 19 different states ; 159 being from New York, aud 28 from Wisconsin. The foreigners represented 16 different nationalities. From the German States there were 232; from Prussia, 93; Holland, 29; Norway, 81; England, 24; Ireland, 34; Canada, 38.' Thus the regiment of 882 men represented 35 different states and nationalities from almost every quarter of the civilized world, and yet a more orderly and well-behaved regiment never went from the State. Before their departure they were supplied With Testa ments in four different languages: English, German, Nor wegian and French." CHAPTER X. THIRTIETH, THIRTY-THIRD, THIRTY-FOURTH. AND THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. Thirtieth Infantry, — ORIGIN, — PROTECTING AGAINST INDIANS, — SUP PRESSING DRAFT RIOTS, BUILDING FORTS, GUARDING TRAINS, SERVICES IN KENTUCKY, DISTRIBUTING PRISONERS, COMPANIES SEPARATED, — MUSTER-OUT. Thirty-Third Infantry, — ORIGIN, — MOVE MENT TO MEMPHIS, EXPEDITION TOWARDS VICKSBURG, HUNGER, IN THE SIXTEENTH CORPS, SIEGE AT VICKSBURG, BATTLE AT JACKSON, MERIDIAN EXPEDITION, RED RIVER EXPEDITION, BATTLE OF TUPELO, WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI, BATTLE OF NASHVILLE, CLOSE. — Thirty - Fourth Infantry, — ORIGIN, — SHORT SERVICE, — IN KENTUCKY, — CLOSE. — Thirty-Fifth Infantry, — ORIGIN, — IN LOUISIANA, IN ARKANSAS, — BEFORE MOBILE, — ON THE BIO GRANDE, — CLOSE. THIRTIETH INFANTRY.* The Thirtieth Infantry was recruited principally in August, 1862, but was not organized and mustered into the United States service until October 21st. In the. meantime, some of the companies were ordered by the Governor to the counties bordering on Lake Superior, to keep a close inspection of the Chippewa Indians, who were somewhat excited on account of the massacre in Minnesota, by the Sioux Indians. The field, staff and line officers of the regiment, at its organization, as given by Colonel Dill, were as follows : * This historical account of the Thirtieth regiment is based on notes courteously furnished by Colonel Daniel J. Dill. 53 834 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Colonel — Daniel J. Dill. Lieut. Colonel — Edw. M. Bartlett. Major — John Clowney. Adjutant — Theod. C. Spencer. Quartermaster — Sydney S. Starr. Surgeon — Otis Hoyt. 1st AssH Surgeon — Edwin O. Baker 2d Ass't Surgeon — E. J. Farr. Chaplain — Asa B. Green. Captains. A — Samuel Harriman. B — Louis S. Burton. C — Alex. A. Arnold. D— David C. Fulton. E — Edward Devlin. F— M. A. Driebelbis. G — Asa B. Swain. H — Andrew Bedal. I — Napoleon B. Grier. K — John Klatt. First Lieutenants. Arthur L. Cox. Wm. H. GUI. D. D. Chappell. Chas. B. Darling. Edward Foster. E. A. Meacham. John Tilton. George Marshall. Charles Buckman. G. F. Dinsmore. Second Lieutenants. Henry A. "Wilson. Thomas Priestly. John McMaster. L. 0. Marshall. Samuel W. Smith. Ezra B. Strong. Henry J. Curtice. Joseph Matthews. Benj. F. Cowan. Myron F. Hubbard. The first duty performed by the regiment after their muster in, was by order of the Governor, who had obtained the com mand, for the purpose of enforcing the draft made in Novem ber and December, 1862. Colonel Dill was ordered to Milwaukee on the 18th of November, with seven companies. At the same time, one company was sent to Green Bay, to protect the draft commissioners. From Milwaukee, the colonel went to West Bend, Washington County, with six companies, and sent one back to Camp Randall, with a portion of the Ozaukee rioters. After the completion of the draft in Washington County, the colonel returned to Camp Randall with four companies, leaving Major Clowney with two compa nies, to gather up the drafted men, and send them to the ren dezvous at Milwaukee, which he did with great credit to him self and the service. In the latter part of February, 1863, he returned with his command to Camp Randall. In the meantime, detachments of the regiment were sent out to differ ent parts of the State on duty connected with the draft. In March, 1863, the regiment was united again, with the expecta tion of going to the front, but by special request of Governoi Saloman, General Pope, then in command in the North-west, ordered that they remain for duty in the State, very much to the chagrin of both officers and men. May 2d, Companies D, THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 835 F, I, and K, under command of Lieutenant Colonel E. M. Bartlett, were ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, to guard the fleet of boats transporting supplies up the Missouri River, for General Sully's North-western Indian expedition. In August, Companies I and K were ordered to return to Milwaukee, where they arrived September 12th. The other two compa nies, under Lieutenant Colonel Bartlett, moved down the Missouri River, to Fann Island, and built Fort Sully, where they remained during the winter. May 26th, 1863, Companies E and G were ordered from Camp Randall to Lake Superior, the one to Bayfield, and the other to Superior City* where they built stockades and quar ters. August 21st, they reported under orders, at Milwaukee. The head-quarters of the regiment continued at Camp Randall, and the four companies still there were sent out during the summer to protect the enrolling officers, and afterwards to enforce the draft, and conduct drafted men and substitutes to Madison. Early in December, Company G was ordered to Davenport, Iowa, to do guard duty ; the troops previously at the place having become very much demoralized. The com pany soon secured order and quiet. On the 26th of December, the four companies at Camp Ran dall were transferred to Milwaukee. March 8th, 1864, they moved from Camp Washburn to " Camp Reno," Milwaukee, where they completed a new set of barracks. In April, Com pany I was sent to St. Louis, Missouri, and from that city took the first boat up the Missouri River for Fort Union, Dakotah Territory, where it remained until June, 1865, when it joined the regiment at Louisville, Kentucky. About the 20th of April, 1864, the colonel left Camp Reno with three companies for St. Louis, whence they proceeded up the Missouri River to join the North-western Indian expedition. The fleet moved up to Fort Sully, Dakotah Territory, where one of the com panies at that post was taken aboard, and then proceeded up the river some four hundred miles farther, to the present loca tion of Fort Rice, at the junction of the Cannonball and Mis souri Rivers, eight hundred miles above Sioux City. During the summer these companies assisted in building Fort Rice. While stationed there a force was detailed by Colonel Dill to 836 WISCONSIN . IN THE WAR. escort the emigrant train of Captain Fisk across the country^ When near the line between Dakotah and Montana Territories, the expedition was fiercely attacked bylndians, and compelled to halt. Lieutenant Smith, and fourteen men of the : escort, eluded the Indians, and made their way back to the fort, hav ing rode two hundred miles in about sixty hours, with very little to eat. On the 11th of September, Colonel. Dill left Fort Rice with the four companies of his regiment and detachments. from other commands, numbering in all about 1,100 men; for the relief of the emigrants, reaching them on the, morning of the 20th. The Indians, learning of their approach, retreated, and the emigrants, who were very. glad to' be relieved, were, safely escorted .to the Missouri River. October 12th, those companies left Fort Rice, on flat boats of their own construc tion, and, proceeding down the . Missouri, arrived ;at Sioux City, Iowa, November 2d, where theyiwere joined by. Com pany D, under command of Lieutenant Marshall, and the following day continued their course to St. Joseph, Missouri, where, with the exception of Company H, they arrived on the 17th. That company was on the last boat, and was caught by- floating ice and frozen in,, twenty miles , above St. Joseph. They abandoned the boat and marched, joining their comrades on the 23rd. The command was then ordered to Louisville, Kentucky, by way of' the Hannibal and St.- Joseph RailrQad, to Quincy. They were compelled, however, to - remain at St.- Joseph for some days, awaiting .transportation. The rebel General Price having just made a raid through the State, the railroad was in a very bad condition, and the country was in fested with guerrillas.. After a tedious trip and some very narrow escapes, they reached Quincy. : The. train; ran over two bridges that were on: fire,; and a freight train broke down one bridge just in front of the train conveying the regiment. This bridge was evidently. fired to wreck/the train with the troops. From Quincy the five companies proceeded by way of Spring field (Illinois), Lafayette, : Indianapolis,^ and Jeffersonville, arriving. at Louisville, November; 29th. In April, 1864, the remaining.. companies (B, E, G, and K) left Milwaukee, under Major : Clowney, :for Dakotah Terri tory. Proceeding by wav of St; Paul, Minnesota, they arrived THIRTIETH INFANTRY. ; 837 at; the present site of Fort Wadsworth, on the James River,. in Dakotah Territory, about the 1st of July. They at. once set about building the fort, which was under way. September 29th, they were relieved, and ordered to St. Louis. They marched . three hundred miles to St., Paul, and there took a steamer down the Mississippi. It was expected the balance of; the regiment would be at St. Louis on their arrival, but in this they were disappointed. October 29th', they were ordered to, Paducah, Kentucky, which was at that time threatened by a force under the' rebel Forrest. Remaining there until Decenir ber,6th, they left, and joined the. other companies at Louis ville on' the. 10th. The regiment had not been so nearly together before since April, 1863. Nine companies were there; and the field and staff officers, with the exception of Lieutenant Colonel Bartlett, who was left at Fort Rice, in command of, that post.,. Lieutenant Wilson, of Company A, was also at Fort Rice, acting as post quartermaster, and Lieutenant Strong, of Company F, as post commissary, with six men; Company I was at Fort Union, Dakotah Territory. The regi ment, was now refitted with clothing and equipments. ¦ -¦ r On the evening of. the 12th, they received an order from General Thomas to proceed to Bowling Green, Kentucky; without delay, and take measures to protect the bridge over Barren River, and the stores at that. place. The regiment left Louisville that night at twelve o'clock, and reached. Bowling Green in twelve hours. The rebel General Lyon was hovering around, but did not attack the place. The regiment was here assigned to the second brigade, second division, Military Dis trict of Kentucky, Colonel Dill commanding the brigade. Jan uary 10th, 1865, they were ordered back to Louisville, Colonel Dill remaining at Bowling Green, in command of the brigade.- Major Clowney took command of the regiment, which was assigned to duty in Louisville as provost guard, guarding the military prison, and conducting prisoners to prisons at Chicago] Indianapolis, Columbus, Sandusky, Fortress Monroe, Fort Delaware, and other places. Colonel -Dill was ordered , to Louisville February 10th, and took command. of the post the following day. .• A few :days previous, Major -Clowney. was ordered to Frankfort with Comoanies B, E, and G, to guard ¦ 838 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the town, and keep the guerrillas from destroying the public property. Companies E and G remained there until June, when they returned to Louisville, and Major Clowney took command of Barracks Number One. In April, Colonel Dill detailed one hundred picked men, under command of Captain L. 0. Mar shall, of Company D, for the purpose of capturing the notori ous guerrillas Sue Mundy, Magruder, and Midkiff, which they succeeded in doing, but Mundy wounded four of our men — two severely and two slightly. Private John G. White, ot Company F, was shot through the lungs ; his life was des paired of for some time, but by the unremitting attention of Surgeon Hoyt and his attendants, he was saved. The other wounded were, Private Everett Wadsworth, Company A; Private John Robbins, Company H (in the side, severely); and Sergeant William Paddock, Company K. After some parley with the rebels, they surrendered, and were brought by Cap tain Marshall and his men to Louisville. Magruder was very severely wounded through the lungs. Mundy was tried be fore a commission convened for the purpose, of which Lieu tenant Colonel E. M. Bartlett, and Captain H. J. Curtice, of the Thirtieth Wisconsin, were members. He was tried on the second day, and hanged on the fourth, after their arrival at Louisville. Lieutenant Colonel Bartlett rejoined and assumed command of the regiment in the latter part of February. Company B, under command of Lieutenant Gill, was stationed at George town from March 20th to May 27th. On the 18th of April, Colonel Dill was relieved from the command of the post of Louisville by Major General Palmer, commanding the Department of Kentucky, and assigned to duty on his staff as provost marshal general of the department. Lieutenant T. C. Spencer, adjutant of the regiment, was post inspector from February, 1865, until the discharge of the regi ment. Lieutenant H. A. Wilson was acting assistant adjutant general at the post. Captain E. A. Meacham com manded the provost guard, consisting of Companies A, D, E, and F, who discharged their duty with great credit to them selves and the regiment. A large number of the officers were detailed on specia1 duty through the year 1865. Surgeon Otis THIRTIETH INFANTRY. 839 Hoyt rendered very efficient duty in the medical department as post surgeon, and in charge of the post hospital ; and also as post medical director, where he always stood at the head of his department for skill and ability. Company I returned from Dakotah, and rejoined the regiment June 22d. The regiment was mustered out September 20th, left for Madison, Wisconsin, on the 23rd, and was paid off and disbanded Octo ber 6th, 1865. The field, staff, and line officers when the regiment returned, as given by the colonel, were the following : Colonel — Daniel J. Dill. Lieut. Colonel — Edward ,M. Bartlett Swgeon — Otis Hoyt. Major — John Clowney. 1st Ass't Surgeon — Edwin 0. Baker. Adjutant — Theodore C. Spencer. 2d AssH Surgeon — Henry B. Jagger. Quartermaster — Frederick A. Dresser. Chaplain — Asa B. Q-reen. ))npan y. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants A Arthur L. Cox. Henry A. Wilson. James H. Van Meter. B Thomas Priestly. William H. Gill. Thomas 0. Kent. C Alex. A. Arnold. Charles El. Turner. John McMaster. D Lewis 0. Marshall. William A. Robinson. William H. McDiarmid, E Darius D. Chappell. John F. Jones. Walter Evans. F Edgar A. Meacham. L. Dow Gunn. Charles H. Grant. G Henry J. Curtice. B. C. Hugaboom. 0. L. Treadwell. H Andrew Bedal. Joseph Mat hows. Chester Clark. I Napoleon B. Grier. Charles Buckman. Benjamin F. Cowan. K Ezra B. Strong. Myron F. Hubbard. Samuel Cassimere. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 906. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 69; in 1864, 220; in 1865, 23; sub stitute 1; total, 1,219. Loss: — by death, 69; desertion, 52; transfer, 46 ; discharge, 340 ; muBter-out, 712. THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. The Thirty-third Infantry was recruited in the southern tier of counties in Wisconsin, from the families of farmers. Four companies were from Grant, two from Kenosha, and the others from Rock and Lafayette Counties. They were ordered into Camp Utley, at Racine, September 29th, 1862, were mustered into the United States service there October 18th, and were engaged in drilling and receiving clothing, equipments, and Enfield rifles until November 12th. The following was the* roster when the regiment left the State : 840 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. Colonel — Jonathan B. Moobk. Lieut. Colonel — Fred. S. Lovell. Surgeon — J. B. Whiting. Major — Horatio H. Virgin. 1st As. Surgeon — C. R. Blackall. Adjutant — "William "Warner. 2d As. Surgeon — D. ~W. Carley. Quartermaster — John W. Nichols. Chaplain — A. A. Overton. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Jeremiah C. Moore. George B. Carter. Oliver C. Denny. B — George R. Frank. George Haw. Matthew Burchard. C— John E. Gurley. David H. Budlong. "William "Weir. D — "Wm. S. Famhardt. Uriah F. Brings. Noble L. Barner. E— Ira Miltimore. Henry S. Swift, Jr. P. H. Swift. F— A. Z. Wemple. "W. L. Scott. Charles W. Stark. G — Frank B. Burdick. Geo. E. Harrington. Elliot N. Liscam. H — Joseph F. Lindsley. Chauncey R. Thayer. Nicholas Smith. 1 — Walter Cook. Carlton G. Stetson. George H. Nichols. K — Adoniram "Whitcher. Albert S. Sampson. Daniel E. Shea. Frank Ward was the first second lieutenant of Company A, but resigned November 3rd, 1862. Franklin Newell was the captain of Company H, but was not mustered, and E. L. Col- burn the first first lieutenant, but resigned October 4th, 1862. Andrew J. McKisson was the first second lieutenant of Com pany I, but was killed in the battle of Chaplin Hills, October 8th, 1862, before this regiment left the State. Colonel Moore was from Grant -County. Lieutenant Colonel Frederick S. Lovell, a fine drill officer, was one of the oldest citizens of the State, and a prominent lawyer of Kenosha. He was a member of the first and second Constitutional Conventions, and Speaker of the Assembly in 1858-9. The regiment left Racine, November 12th, nine hundred strong, for Memphis, at which place they were assigned to the third brigade of General Lauman's division, in the right wing of the Army of the Tennessee, Colonel Moore commanding the brigade. November 26th, they started with the expedition for the intended reduction of Jackson and Vicksburg. Each man had one hundred rounds of ammunition, and ten days' rations. December 3rd, they arrived at Wyatt, Mississippi, on the Tallahatchie River, having had a very wet and muddy march. During these seven days they were constantly en gaged in building bridges and removing obstructions which THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 841 the enemy in his retreat had placed in their way. The rebels had burned the bridges and fortified themselves beyond the Tallahatchie. The artillery having dispersed them, and a bridge having been built, the regiment, with other troops, crossed the river. At Hurricane Creek their rations were exhausted, and taking possession of a mill, they shelled and ground corn for food. The orders against foraging, except by the quartermaster, were very strict. The expedition advanced to Oxford, when General Sherman was ordered to return with his forces to Memphis, and pro ceed by water to -Vicksburg. At about this time General Lauman was placed in command of the " Fighting Fourth " division, and the Thirty-third, in compliance with his request, was attached by General Grant to the first brigade of that division. The capture of Holly Springs, with the supplies there, rendered a rapid retreat necessary. At Yocona Creek they were again out of rations and the sorrowful soldiers' cry of " Crackers ! Crackers ! " rang along the camp through the regiment — a howl of disappointment and hunger. The men lived principally on parched and boiled corn till the 2d of January, when foraging upon the country was resorted to, and a full supply of fresh pork and corn mCal was obtained. It was common in the early part of the war for the Federal troops to suffer for want of food when at a distance from their supply trains, and especially for want of vegetable diet, while the country through which they passed contained an abundance ; so studious was the Government to avoid exasperating the the people of the South. Suffering for want of food, together with exposure, led to disease and finally to the death of many soldiers, some of whom were mustered out of the service, and hence their names do not appear on the military roll of the dead. Sumner Richards, from Bristol, of Company I, was such a victim, who died four months after reaching home. Continuing the march northward, the regiment passed through Holly Springs to Moscow, which is forty miles east of Memphis. Here twenty-five died of the measles, and other diseases, which were greatly aggravated by exposure in their wretched shelter tents. Their division was assigned, in Jan uary, 1863, to the sixteenth corps, commanded by Major 842 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. General Hurlbut. They remained at Moscow, guarding the railroad and building fortifications , until March 9th, when they started on foot to go to Memphis, through rain and deep mud. On the day they left, Captain A. Z. Wemple, of Com pany F, died at Memphis. Resolutions of respect for him were adopted by his fellow officers ; and members of the company, with affectionate interest, contributed a sum to place a broken shaft — emblematical of his unfinished career — over his grave at Emerald Grove, Wisconsin. His mother reached him the day before his death. April 18th, the regiment formed part of an expedition to attack a rebel force under General Chalmers, then encamped on the Coldwater River, forty miles south of Memphis. They soon met the enemy's skirmishers, and continued driving them during the day's march of twenty-five miles to Hernando, Mississippi. Here a sharp fight ensued in which the rebels lost fifteen killed and seventy-five prisoners. In the pursuit, ten miles, to the Coldwater, the next morning, the Thirty- third had the advance, and, moving rapidly to the support of the cavalry near the end of the march, they poured a destruc tive fire upon the rebels, and drove them across the river. Captain J. F. Lindsley, Company H, and Lieutenant H. S. Swift, Company E, were killed, and two men wounded. An expected cooperating force failing to come, the troops returned toward night, the Thirty-third serving as rear guard. When near Memphis they met reinforcements, and countermarched to the former battle-ground. On the 23rd, they moved again toward Memphis, and arrived there on the following day com pletely exhausted. May 17th, they embarked with their brigade for Young's Point, Louisiana, to join the army in its operations against Vicksburg. From Young's Point they were ordered to Snyder's Bluff, on the Yazoo River, and on the 20th, took possession of the fortifications there, with the guns, ammuni tion, and stores, which the rebels in their retreat had been unable to destroy. After marching down Haines' Bluff to within hearing of the musketry at Vicksburg, they were greatly disappointed by an order to return and hold the forti fications against an attack from Johnston. They retained their THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 843 position at Snyder's Bluff until the 24th, when they marched around the works to the south of Vicksburg. Their brilliant services in that position are recorded on pages 659, 660 ; their wounded, page 662. July 5th, they moved eastward; to meet the rebels at Jack son, suffering much from heat and the want of water. When near that city, on the 11th, their brigade drove in the enemy, and captured and destroyed a train loaded with ammunition and stores. The next morning they advanced under a heavy fire of artillery, and the Thirty-third was sent on a dangerous reconnoissance towards Pearl River. This prevented their being present to take part in the unfortunate charge upon the enemy's works, ordered by General Lauman, in which the first brigade was nearly annihilated. The regiment advanced, a mile and met the enemy in heavy force in front and on their right. This proved to be Breckenridge's division of twelve regiments. Just at that time, Lauman's brigade, on their left, charged the rebels, who returned a fire so terrible that they fell back, leaving half their number dead and dying on the field. The enemy sent up cheer upon cheer over their success, and discovering the • Thirty-third Wisconsin, made a dash to cut them off. They escaped, however, by skilful maneuvering. Five minutes later and they would have been overwhelmed and cut to pieces or captured. They were now ordered to rejoin their division and brigade. They accomplished it only by the steadiness and bravery of officers and men. During that day, they took six different positions. The enemy having evacuated Jackson on the 16th, the regiment was occupied in destroying railroads and stores until the 20th, when they com menced the return march to Vicksburg. On the night of the 22d, several of their number were killed by lightning while lying under trees. At Vicksburg, they were first in their old camp in the rear, and next in a low, gloomy place in the city, wrhere they suffered much, from heat and bad water, until August 18th, when they embarked for Natchez. Serving there in guard and provost duties until December 1st, their health became much improved, and then they returned to Vicksburg. February 3rd, 1864, they joined Sherman's Meridian expedition, and leaving all baggage, marched three hundred and seventy miles out and back, in twenty-nine days. 844 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. .- • Next, they exchanged their old Enfield guns for new Springs field rifles, and joined the Red River expedition, and their particular services in it are recorded on pages 753, 754. After their return, they moved from Vicksburg to Memphis, and June 22d, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Lovell, accompanied General A. J. Smith's expedition into the inte rior of Mississippi. At Lagrange, Tennessee, July 5th, they cut off all communication with Memphis, and after a six days' march, over dusty roads, in very hot weather, reached Ponto toc,. Mississippi. There General Smith moved beyond the Tupelo, to the Okelona road, and allowed the rebels to mass in his front. Then he wheeled and took the Tupelo road, for a farther advance, and left the enemy in his rear. The Thirty- third had the arduous duty of guarding the supply train, which on the 13th, the rebels attacked at Carmargo Cross-roads. Two hundred men of the Fourteenth Wisconsin were guarding the rear of the train, and were nearly overwhelmed by fifteen hundred rebels. : The Thirty-third went to their rescue, and advancing through a cornfield" to within one hundred yards of the enemy, poured such a fire upon them as to drive them from the field, their, dead and wounded and a stand of colors being left in our hands. . The captured flag was borne off the field by a Captain in the 14th Wisconsin, but it was generally acknowledged by both regiments, that it was rightfully the trophy of the Thirty-third. The regiment lost in this fight one killed and six wounded. The rebels made another attack, but it was soon repulsed, and the march was continued to Har risonburg. At three o'clock the next morning, July 14th, the enemy attacked the pickets. At sunrise the fire increased, both armies being in line of battle, the Thirty-third on the extreme right of the front. The rebels massed eight thousand troops, and after a furious fire for one hour, advanced to charge. The position of the regiment overlooked an open field. On the left of their brigade was a strip of thick woods. The firing com menced on the left of the Federal line, and rolled down rapidly toward the right. The rebels were in three lines. The regiment lying flat upon their faces held their fire until the enemy had approached to within two hundred yards, when they rose to their feet, fired, decimated the rebel ranks, and drove them back. THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 845 The repulsed foe was the Texas Legion, whose ' fire upon our men, though terribly rapid, was tod high for execution. A lull of half an hour ensued, and 'the Texan's rallied again and charged upon us, with that same old yell, but were. met as before and repulsed. In this action, Lieutenant Colonel Lovell was wounded; in the shoulder, and ; the command devolved upon Major Virgin. > A 'third assault was made and received as the first, after which our first line was ordered to charge, and six regiments, including the Thirty-third,' advanced and drove the rebels from the field, compelling them to aban don their dead and a part of their wounded. In the evening, another, but a feeble attack was made by the en emy, which was easily repulsed, and the troops! again bivouacked near Tupelo. The battle of Tupelo was finished) and the impetu ous rebel Forrest disappointed and beaten". The superior coolness and steadiness of aim of the Federal troops was all that saved them. On the 15th, the return march was commenced. At half- past six in the evening, when about to encamp, five miles from Tupelo, at Old Town Creek, the rebels attempted a surprise, attacking the rear and . driving in the guards. The Thirty- third instantly turned to the rear, and quickly drove the pur suing enemy away with - heavy loss. ' As • the Thirty-third was ordered to halt, Captain Burdick, > of Company G, fell fainting from the effects of sun-stroke, and remained insensible till the next morning. The march was continuedon the 16th. From La Grange they were transported by rail to Memphis, which was reached, without further molestation, on the 22d. It was officially reported of this campaign, " Too much praise cannot be awarded- to officers and men for <¦ their gal lantry, and it is stated with, pride, that during these actions not a man straggled from the regiment." : - On the 3rd of August the regiment embarked for; St. Charles, Arkansas, on the White River, where they landed on the 6th, and were employed in guard duty and building: forti- .fications. Captain Burdick and. four non-commissioned officers were detailed at Memphis, at the time the : regiment left on this expedition, with. orders to proceed to: Madison, Wisconsin, and take charge of drafted men who might be 846 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. assigned to the Thirty-third. September 1st, the regiment proceeded up the White River, on the steamer Tyeoon, to Duvall's Bluff, and thence, on the 8th, to Brownsville, Arkan sas, where they remained till the 17th, when they were put in motion with General Mower's command, in pursuit of Price, leaving camp and garrison equipage at Brownsville. They marched in a north-easterly direction through Austin and Stony Point, forded the Little Red River, on the evening of the 19th, at Searcy, the county seat of White County, and on the 21st reached the White River, at Sulphur Rock, mid way between Batesville and Jacksonport. The next morn ing they forded the White River, and moved to Elgin, on the Black River, near which they bivouacked. On the 23rd, the troops made a bridge over the river, three hundred and seventy- five feet long, and had it completed by noon. Crossing in the afternoon, they marched along the valley on the left bank of the Black, through a fertile country, which supplied their jaded animals with abundant forage. On the evening of the 26th, they camped opposite Pocahontas, where they hastily con structed a bridge over the Black, by felling trees across it, and on the 28th crossed into Missouri. They now marched through swamps almost impassable for their train, forded the St. Francis at Greenville on the 2d of October, and on the 4th made a forced march of twenty-nine miles, to meet a train of supplies coming to them from Cape Girardeau. Many of the men were barefoot and footsore. On the 5th, they reached Cape Girardeau, having, on ten days' rations, marched three hundred and twenty-four miles in nineteen days, built two bridges, and forded four rivers. On the 8th they embarked for Jefferson City, Missouri, and arrived at that place on the 15th. Two days afterward, they took the cars for Lamine River, where the bridge had been burned on the south branch of the Pacific Railroad, and remained here until the 22d, assisting in transporting rations and ordnance stores across the river, and in repairing the bridge. At that date they marched for Warrensburg, passing through Sedalia. On the 3rd of November, eight companies were sent to St. Louis, as guards to the rebel Generals Marmaduke and Cahill, and seven hundred prisoners, captured from Price's army at Mound City. THIRTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 847 At Herman, one of the prisoners, a spy, was to be shot. This duty was performed by a detachment of the regiment. They reached St. Louis on the 7th, and were quartered in the Scho- field Barracks until the 12th, when the two other companies, B and G, arrived. Moving to Benton Barracks, and there remaining until November 23rd, the regiment then embarked for Nashville, where, on the 2d of December, they took posi tion on the extreme right of the line of defences before that city. Here they were assigned to the first brigade, third divi sion, sixteenth corps, and were engaged in throwing up and strengthening intrenchments until the 15th. At three in the afternoon, they moved out on the Granny White Pike, and took a position before the enemy between two batteries. They soon after advanced through open fields, and dislodged the enemy, who was stationed behind stone walls, capturing two hundred and fifty-eight prisoners, many of whom surrendered with loaded arms. On the 16th, they took position in the second line, on the right of their corps and on the left of the twenty- third corps. They were compelled to be idle spectators, from the heights they occupied, of the struggle on that day to obtain possession of the Franklin Pike. Joining in the pursuit of Hood's retreating army, they reached Pulaski on the 27th, and there separating from the fourth and twenty-third corps, they continued, with their division, to Clifton, Tennessee, near which place they encamped on the 2d of January. The march of one hundred and thirty-five miles, from Nashville, was a severe one. The weather was cold, the roads terrible, and one- third of the men nearly barefoot. After a week's halt, the command moved to Eastport, Mississippi, the Thirty-third being detailed to escort the corps train to Savannah, Tennes see. The roads were so bad that they succeeded in getting through with but a portion of it, the remainder being left at Fairview Landing, three miles from Clifton. From these two places the regiment and the trains took transports to East- port, arriving on the 14th. The time was here occupied in scouting, building winter quarters and skirmishing until Feb ruary 6th, when they with their division embarked and passed down the Tennessee, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to Vicks burg, where they arrived on the 13th and encamped. Reem- 848 WISCONSIN IN- THE WAR. barking on the 20th for New Orleans, they landed at Chalmette plains, five miles below the city — the scene of General Jackson's battle in 1815. On the 10th of March, they moved to the canal leading from Lake Pontchartrain to the Mississippi, and the following day embarked for Mobile. Landing on the 12th at Fort Gaines, the next day they formed a camp three-quarters of a mile from the fort, and remained five days. Moving from point to point, and occa sionally skirmishing, they on the 27th drove the enemy into his works at Spanish Fort, and established themselves within seven hundred yards of his lines, losing nine men wounded. The following day, Company C occupied rifle pits on a hill only two hundred yards from the fort, and held them in the face of a severe fire, without loss. The regiment soon obtained a position in the intrenchments, within one hundred and fifty yards of the fort, and continued laboriously engaged in the duties of the siege until the night of the 8th of April. Shortly before sundown on that day, heavy musketry firing began on the extreme right, which was followed by a general bom bardment. The Eighth Iowa charged into a sap which the rebels had dug nearly to their position, and thus obtained a foothold inside the works, where they intrenched and remained until the Thirty-third Wisconsin and other troops came to their aid. At midnight, the troops eharged into the fort and found it abandoned, the Thirty-third being among the first to enter. After the surrender of Mobile, the regiment started on the 13th for Montgomery, Alabama, which was reached on the 25th, being for some days before and after this nearly des titute of rations. On the 30th, transports arrived with supplies. The regiment remained here until May 23rd, when they marched to Tuskegee, and performed the duty of provost guards at that place until July 19th, when they returned to Montgomery, and thence, on the 23rd, embarked for Vicks burg, where they arrived on the 31st. On the 8th of August they were mustered out, and started for Wisconsin, reaching Madison on the 14th, where they were paid and disbanded. Colonel Moore was breveted brigadier general, for meritori ous services during the war. THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The muster-out rt>ster was the following : Colonel — Jonathan B. Mooee. 849 Lieut. Colonel — Horatio H. Virgin Swgeon — Jerome Burbank. Major — George R. Frank. 1st AssH Surgeon — M. Henry Hanks. Adjutant- -Daniel E. Shea. Chaplain — Alfred A. Overton. Quartermaster — John W. Nichols. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A George B. Carter. Oliver 0. Denny. Hudson Thomas. B Matthew Burchard. Truman S. Richards. e William Weir. Harlow S. Pickard. D Alfred H. Fitch. Nathan 0. Calkins. E Charles W. Stark. Henry B. Cornell. Edward Cook. F William L. Scott. Joseph H. Stiukel. G Frank B. Burdick. Josiah A. Birchard. H Henry J. Traber. I Charles L. Fay. F. W. Bashford. K Albert S. Sampson. Anson D. Goodrich. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 892. Gain : — by recruits in 1864, 164; in 1865, .8; substitutes, 2;" total, 1,066. Loss :— by death, 196 ; missing, 4 ; desertion, 22 ; transfer, 37 ; discharge, 170; muster-out, 637. THIRTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The Thirty-fourth Infantry was composed of men drafted by the State authorities, under orders from the General Govern ment. It was organized at Camp Washburn, Milwaukee, in December, 1862, under the supervision of Colonel Fritz Ann eke. With the exception of the First (three months') Regiment, this was the only one at this date, whose term of service was other than for three years, or during the war. They were mustered into service by companies, their muster being' completed December 31st, 1862. One month afterward they left the State for nine months' service, with the following regimental roster : Colonel— Fkitz Annexe. Lieut. Colonel — Henry Orff. Major — George H. "Walther. Adjutant — Herman Hasse. r — J. A. Becher. 54 Surgeon — J. E. Weinern. 1st AssH Surgeon — James S. Kelso. Chaplain — F. A. Beckel. 850 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Captains. A — H. E. Ferslow. B — James N. Ruby. 0— J. G. Wilmot. D— Noble W. Smith. E — Cornelius Euntz. F — Heinrieh Kenkel. G — Charles A. Lang. H — Isidore de St. Ange. I— F. A. B., Becker. K— William Waltber. First Lieutenants: ' Henry T. Calkins. Henry B Fox. F. H. J. Obladen. Elliot M. Scribner. Charles F. Bauer. James Lonergan. Robert Strohman. Wm. T. Barclay. Edward, J. Kelley. Erhard Weber. 1 Second Lieutenants. Michael A. Leahy. D. J. F. Murphy. John W. Johann. William H. Pet'tit. Chas. F. Lachmund. Rudolph Kirchner. C. F. Blumenstein. Leonard La Plaunte. G. C. Neumeister.. David A, Dexter.;; Leaving the State January ,31st, 1863, they arrived at Columbus, Kentucky, February 2d, where ; they performed camp and guard duties at Fort Halleck. Gilbert Claflin, one of the regiment, says that on the 3rd of March, Company E was ordered to Paducah, Kentucky. April 25th, Companies I and G were sent to, .Cairo. April -27th, Company A was detached andordered to do duty at Fort Quimby, three-fourths of a mile south of Fort, Halleck. May 12th, Companies Bj C, D, F, H, and K were sent to Memphis. June 1st, Companies I and G returned from Cairo to Columbus, and August 14th, the several detachments of the regiment united at Cairo, and on the 16th proceeded to Wisconsin. They were mustered out of service at Milwaukee, September 8th, 18,63. ,, ,; David H. Dexter, second lieutenant of Company K, died March 25th, and August Beecher succeeded hira. Beside this no changes are noted in the roster, except a few slight trans fers from company to company among the second lieutenants. While the regiment was at Columbus, some of the soldiers aided the ireedmen in ,buildjng a church, and Deacon Olaflin assisted in organizing the first freedmen's Sabbath . school in that city. Those who had books brought them — a .strange variety — but not one. in fifty could read. . , ¦ • Re&imental Statistics. — Original strength, 961. Loss: — by death, 20 ; desertion, 283 ; discharge, 186 ; muster out, 472. THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. The first company of the Thirty-fifth Infantry was mustered into the service of the United States the 27th of November, thirty-fifth infantry. 851 1863, under the superintendence of Colonel Henry Orff, at Camp Washburn j Milwaukee. The Regimental organization was completed February 27th, 1864. The roster was as follows: Colonel — Henry Obfp. Lieut. Colonel — Charles A. Smith. Surgeon — John Grosning. Major — George H. Walther. 1st As. Surgeon — James Verbryk. Adjutant — Herman Hesse. 2d As. Surgeon — Carmi P. Garlick. Quartermaster — Adolf J. Cramer. . Chaplain — I. W. Bowen. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Robert Strohmann. Anthony C. Kuhn. Edward Sturtevant. B — Fritz von Baumbach. Frank R. St. John. Jasper Vosburg. C— W. E. Ferslow. John E. Leahy. George Brosius. D — Michael A. Leahy. Charles McCormick. George Beseman. E — Henry Fox. John Small. Rudolph Kirchner. F — Henry C. Miles. John W. Johann. . James B. C. Drew. G — Oliver C. Smith. Albert C, Matthews. Martin E. Stevens. H — Cornelius Kuntz. Henry Hayden. David Hunter. I — Erhard Weber.. Lyman B. Everdell. Henry E. Ray. K — August Beeches, Hermann Schaub. Archibald H. Adams. The regiment left Milwaukee April 18th, to report to Gen- erah Steele at Alexandria, Louisiana. At St. Louis they were fully, equipped for active service, and embarking, descended the Mississippi, arriving at the mouth of the Red River on the 1st of May. Unable at this place to find transportation to Alexandria, they continued down the river to New Orleans, where they received orders from General Banks to report to Brigadier General Ullmann, at Port Hudson, Louisiana: They arrived at that place on the 7th of May, and, the navigation of the Red River being closed, they remained, engaged in guard' and picket duty, until the 26th of June, when they were ordered to Morganzia, and assigned to the first brigade, third division, nineteenth army corps, commanded by Brigadier General A. L. Lee. The invasion of Missouri by the rebel General Price, and the threatened attacks of Magruder in Arkansas, rendering it necessary to send reinforcements toithose States, the brigade to which the regiment belonged was ordered to, St. CharleSj Arkansas, arriving there on the 24th of July. They were en- 852 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. gaged here, in guard duty and in scouting expeditions through the surrounding country, until August 7th, when they returned to Morganzia. Millard T. Brown, of Company H, died here, of pneumonia, September 30th, at the age of seventeen. His home was at East Troy, Wisconsin. " He was a prompt and faithful soldier, who, while surrounded by the influences of the army, remembered the instructions of pious parents, and yielded his heart to Christ. He died a soldier of the Union and of the cross." On the 1st of October, the brigade set out on an expedition to Simmsport, on the Atchafalaya River. During the expedi tion, the regiment participated in several skirmishes. Return ing to Morganzia, they proceeded up the Mississippi and White Rivers, landing at Duvall's Bluff, Arkansas, on the 18th of October. November 9th, they left Duvall's Bluff for Brownsville, a small village about thirty miles west of that place. The object of this move was to protect the Memphis and Little Rock Railroad, and intercept any portion of Price's retreating rebels, should they attempt to escape between Duvall's Bluff and Little Rock. Price, however, was careful to avoid a near approach to our forces. The services of the brigade proving unnecessary, they returned to Duvall's Bluff, December 1st, and were there ordered to build winter quarters. While they remained here for a short rest, they experienced none of the monotony of camp life, being daily engaged in brigade drill on the prairie. December 14th, the regiment was assigned to the fourth brigade of the reserve corps, mili tary division of West Mississippi. They were employed in guard and picket duty, and in laboring on the fortifications, until February 7th, 1865, when they embarked for New Orleans, to join the army which Was gathering there for an attack on Mobile. Encamping at Algiers, near the city, until February 22d, they at that date reembarked, and, on the 26th, landed on Mobile Point, where they were assigned to the first brigade, third division, of the thirteenth corps. March- 27th, they took position in front of Spanish Fort, where they were engaged in the siege until the rebels evacuated the place on the 8th of April. They lost here two men killed and fifteen wounded. April 9th, they marched ten miles to Fort Blakely, THIRTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. 853 arriving too late to assist in its capture, and, on the 11th, returned to Spanish Fort. The following day they embarked, crossed Mobile Bay, and landed on the west shore, five miles below the city. On the 13th, they marched through Mobile to Whistler Station, five miles above the city, where they re mained six days, then marched northward forty-five miles, and encamped, on the 21st, at Nannahubbah Bluff, near the con fluence of the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers. April 26th, they moved up the bank of the latter stream ten miles, to Mcintosh • Bluff and there engaged in building fortifications until the surrender of the rebel armies, and the close of the war east of the Mississippi. May 9th, they proceeded to Mobile, and encamped near the city until June 1st, when they took transports and sailed to Brazos Santiago. Debarking at that place on the 8th, the men sported upon the coast, gathering sea shells and salt-water curiosities, until the 20th, when they were ordered to Clarksville, at the mouth of the Rio Grande. Here, in this extreme corner of our free land, the gloomy waters of the great Gulf roaring before them on the one hand, and the quiet but turbid current of the Rio Grande separating them from disturbed Mexico on the other, the Thirty-fifth Wisconsin celebrated the Fourth of July. The Declaration of Independence was read, speeches made, and an old time celebration enjoyed. August 2d, they marched up the river, and the next day, passing over the old battle ground of Palo Alto — a prairie clothed with a luxuriant growth of grass and wild flowers — they reached Brownsville. A soldier of the regiment says, " There are no settlements of any kind between Claksville and Brownsville. The deer, wolf, prairie dog, and herds of cattle, as wild as either, are every where to be seen along the route. At Palo Alto, not even a slab is visible to mark the conse crated. ashes of the fallen brave." There had, at this time, been gathered at Brownsville an army of 25,000 men, of whom 19,000 were colored. The Thirty-fifth were assigned to the command known as the " Separate Brigade," Army of the Rio Grande, and remained here during the rest of their term of service, employed in guard duty, in and around the town, and upon government 854 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. steamers plying between, this place and- Brazos Santiago. March, 15th, 1866, they were mustered out of service. Ten days later they started for home, reached New Orleans April 1st, and Madison, Wisconsin, on the 10th, where, on the 16th, they received their final pay and were disbanded. Surgeon John Groening is spoken of as a most faithful officer. He was always at his post. During the sickly season of 1864, when at times two hundred men repaired to the hospital at "sick call," he was always present and devoted himself to their care. The muster-out roster, as reported by the Adjutant General, was as follows : Lieut. Colonel — George W. Walther. Major — Robert Strohman. Adjutant — Bernard S. Schoeffel. Quartermaster — William Henry Williams. Surgeon — John Groening. rmpan y. Captains. First Lieutenants. - Second Lieutenants. A William Tyler. B Fritz von Baumbach. Jasper Vosburg. Sylvester F. Barton. C Newton A. Oleson. D Michael A. Leahy. E Henry Fox. John Smail. F John W.' Johann. G Anderson F . Smith. Leonard Tregea. H Charles Wegemann. I Lyman B. Everdell. Henry M.*»wuson. K Archibald A. Adams. Regimental Statistics, November 1st, 1865. — Original strength, 1,066. Gain :— by recruits in 1864, 14; in 1865, 8; total, 1,088. Loss: — by death, 256 ; desertion, 29; transfer, 11 ; discharge, 177. CHAPTER. XL THIRTY-NINTH AND FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY. INCLUSIVE. ONE HUNDRED -DAY TROOPS. — Thirty - Ninth Infantry, — AT MEMPHIS. — Fortieth Infantry, — AT MEMPHIS. — Forty-First Infantry, — AT MEMPHIS. president Lincoln's order returning thanks, one tejr regi ments. — Forty-Second Infantry, — GARRISON AND PROVOST DUTIES. — Forty-Third Infantry, — IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE, — BATTLE OF JOHNSONVILLE. — Forty-Fourth Infantry, — BATTLE OP NASHVILLE. — Forty-Fifth Infantry, — AT NASHVILLE . — Forty -Sixth Infantry, ¦ — IN ALABAMA. — Forty-Seventh Infantry, — GUARD DUTY IN TENNESSEE. — Worty-Eighth Infantry, — IN KANSAS. — Forty-Ninth Infantry, — IN MIS SOURI. — Fiftieth Infantry, — IN DAKOTAH. — Fifty-First Infantry, — IN MISSOURI. Fifty-Second Infantry, IN MISSOURI AND KANSAS. Fifty-Third Infantry, — IN KANSAS. In the Spring of 1864, the Governors of Indiana, Blinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, believing that a prompt and decisive blow should be struck which would end the rebellion, proposed to President Lincoln that a large force of volunteers should be called for from the North-western States, to serve for one hundred days. It was their plan that they should be promptly sent to the field, to garrison the towns in the rear of the army, and keep open the communications to the front, and thus enable the Government to retain nearly all the experienced troops in service for battle. The President acted in accord ance with this proposition, and called for three regiments of this class of troops, as the quota of Wisconsin. The Thirty- ninth, Fortieth, and Forty-first were accordingly recruited and organized at once. 856 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY. The Thirty-ninth Regiment rendezvoused at Camp Wash burn, Milwaukee. Their organization was completed under the supervision of Colonel Edwin L. Buttrick, of that city. They left the State for Memphis, June 13th, 1864. A bountiful entertainment was provided for them by the ladies of Milwau kee and vicinity before their departure. The following was their roster on leaving the State : Colonel — Edwin L. Buttrick. Lieut. Colonel— Jacob S. Crane. Major — George C. Ginty. Adjutant — Arthur Holbrook. Quartermaster — Sewall W. Smith. Surgeon — Solomon Blood. 1st As. Surgeon — Salmon S. Clark. 2d As. Surgeon — John H. Benedict. Chaplain — Charles J. Hutchins. Captains. A — George W. Madison. B — Henry Shears. C — Robert Graham. D — George W. Hoyt. E — Not organized. F — Frank P. Lawrence. G — Andrew J. Patchin. H — Henry Tourtillotte. I — E. Chamberlain. K— Salmon E. Tyler. First Lieutenants. F. M. Clements. Charles Blackwill. Joseph V Quarles. Amasa Hardin. Charles E. Jewett. John G. Meserve. Eben. V. Wilson. George H. Wright. Isaac C. Sergeant. Second Lieutenants. James Sawyer. Orlando Culver. Horace A. Gaylord. F. H. Trowbridge. Walter W. Clough. George Soule. George Beyer. J. Clifford Sackett. Andrew J. Smith. The regiment arrived at Memphis on the 17th, and went into camp near the Hernando road, about a mile and a half from the city. Colonel Buttrick was advanced to the com mand of the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Crane commanded the regiment. June . 21st, Company A was detached and ordered to do duty as guard for a Government train on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Lieutenant Blackwell died of disease, July 21st, and his body was brought back to his home in Waukesha, for interment, where his many virtues had made him universally esteemed and beloved. His son, a drummer-boy, was with him at his. death. On the 21st of August, at daylight, a body of about 5,000 mounted rebels, under command of General Forrest, dashed upon the Seventh Wisconsin Battery, killing and wounding some of their num- THIRTY-NINTH INFANTRY. " 857 ber and capturing their guns, and then fell upon the pickets of the Thirty-ninth, shot several, broke through and entered the city. The rebel force was so large that Colonel Buttrick deemed it best first to concentrate his troops near Fort Pickering, lest they should be cut off from the main body, and then made ready for defence or attack. But the enemy did not design to risk a battle, and galloped into town with the hope of capturing leading Federal officers. They just missed General Washburn, ran about the town, ransacked the Gayoso House, some of their officers registering themselves as guests, took a few pri soners, and then hurriedly endeavored to make good their escape. Meanwhile, a portion of the Seventh Battery retook their guns, and turned them with such severe results upon the retreating rebels, that the Confederate was greater than the Federal loss. C. F. T. Grebel, of the Thirty-ninth, reports that his regiment had three men killed ; one was Frank A. Woodruff, a promising and Christian son of Deacon Woodruff, of Oconomonoc ; another was Wm. H. Jones, of the same place. They were killed on picket line at their post. The Seventh Battery lost four killed, two wounded, and nine prisoners. The rebels were led into Memphis by a Captain Lundy, who had been taken and held as prisoner by our men, until, becom ing very friendly, he was allowed a parole, which he used to incite and direct Forrest's raid. His excuse for his treachery and violation of parole probably was, that his sister had been arrested by our authorities while engaged in contraband inter course with the rebels. But Lundy met with a sad fate ! He was shot by one of our men just as he was entering the city, and that undoubtedly disturbed the plans of the raiders, and may have saved the Thirty-ninth particularly from horrible butchery. Near the expiration of their term of service, Captain Cham berlain was sent with two steamers and one hundred men down the Mississippi and up one of its tributaries, to carry sup plies. But on account of low water, one boat snagged, and after passing through various perils from the enemy, the expedition returned. Several bodies of colored troops were encamped near our forces. Many of them were eager learners from our men, of the military art, and of education and religion. Pro- 858 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. minent among their teachers was Deacon Robert Love, princi pal drummer of the Thirty-ninth. The wife of Colonel But trick accompanied himself and the regiment, and carried every where sunlight and joy among the sick and the homesick, and to the numerous youth who now had their first experience in army life, and in being far distant from their parents' dwellings. -One of the sad events of the hundred days was the death of Charles Moores, a drummer-boy of about twelve or thirteen years, the son of a widow of Milwaukee, who had also a Son in the army of the Potomac. The regiment returned soon after the expiration of its term of service, and was mustered out at Milwaukee, September 22d, 1864. When Lieutenant Black- well died, George Kloek was appointed to fill the vacancy; otherwise the roster remained unchanged. Regimental Statistics.— Original strength, 780. Loss : — by death, probably 5 ; muster-out, probably 775. FORTIETH INFANTRY. The Fortieth was the second of the hundred days organiza tions. They rendezvoused at Camp Randall, Madison. The men were principally students of the Wisconsin colleges and seminaries, and members of the several professions. Their -regimental roster was as follows : Colonel — W. Augustus Rat. Lieut. Colonel — Samuel Fallows. -¦ Surgeon — Orrin W. Blanchard. Major- — James M. Bingham. 1st As. Surgeon — Amos S. Jones. Adjutant — A. J. Craig. 2d As. Surgeon — George A. Lamb. Quartermaster- — Alfred L. Field. Chaplain — J. J. Blaisdell. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants., A — S. T. Lockwood. Gage Burgess. Moses T: De Witt. B — S. Merritt Allen. .. H. A.. Northrop.. , Barrett H. Smith. C — Nathan C. Twining. Albert R. Crandall. Rd. A. Wareham. D— Charles H. Allen. Samuel H. Sabin: George W. Bird. E — John E. Hauser. E. F. Hobart. M. D. Sampson. F — ^Aug: J. Cheney. Charles H. Gilbert. Sanford F. Bennett. G — Franklin J. Phelps. John K. Purdy. Hannibal Power. H — Not organized. I — - Kinner N. Hbllister. Alpheus P: McNift. '¦ Henry "F. Spooner. K— Charles H. Barton. - Charles E. Hall. Nathan H., Downs. FORTIETH INFANTRY. 859 June 14th, 1864, they left Madison for Memphis, where they arrived on the 19th, and encamped on the Pigeon Roost road, near the city. Their duty there was to assist in holding the outer city defences, and to guard railroad trains. They were assigned to the second brigade, district of Memphis, in which were the Forty-sixth Iowa (a hundred days' regiment,) and the Thirty-seventh Iowa, known as the " Greybeard " regiment. Captain Hauser, of Company E, says : " At the time of For rest's raid on Memphis, August 21st, the Fortieth Wisconsin marched nearly three miles, most of the way on the double- quick, to the Hernando road, where the rebels entered the city. They wTere ordered to support a battery which was engaged with the enemy. The men lay down for an hour between the rebel line and the battery, while an artillery duel went on over their heads. When the enemy retreated, the Fortieth pursued him two miles." Lieutenant Colonel Fallows commanded the Fortieth in this action, and is said to have conducted it in this, its first and only fight, in a cool and soldierly manner. The men behaved well. Four were wounded : Captain Phelps and Sergeant Brown, Company K, Asa Barnes, Company E, and a private of Company K. During the month of August, the regiment suffered very seriously from sickness. On the 15th of that month, there were two hundred and twenty-three on the sick list, of whom sixty were in hospital. Their camp was in a very unhealthy locality. The regiment returned to Madison at the expiration of their term of service, and were mustered out September 16th, 1864, their roster remaining unchanged till the close. The chaplain was a professor in Beloit Col lege. Professor T. Martin Towne was principal musician. William M. Himebaugh, of Appleton, commissary sergeant of the regiment, died at Memphis, August 6th. His death was unexpected, and caused deep grief to a large circle of friends. He was the Christian son of Christian parents; a young man of great promise, and unspotted purity of life. He was a member of the senior class in Lawrence University, where he was noted for brilliancy and eloquence. Francis A. Bailey, Henry W. Mellen, and L. E. Smith were also members of the same institution, and of the same regiment. The first two likewise died of disease at Memphis, and the last after 860 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. being mustered out, at Camp Randall. How many choice young men yielded up life in defence of their country ! Regimenal Statistics. — Original strength, 776. Loss : — by death, 13 ; muster-out, 763. FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. The Forty-first Regiment was the third and last of the one hundred days' regiments from the State. It was organized at Milwaukee, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel George B. Goodwin, of Menasha, the number not being sufficient to be entitled to a colonel. The roster was as follows : Lieut. Colonel — Geo. B. Goodwin. Surgeon- — S. D. Smith. Major — D. Gray Pnrman. 1st Asst Surgeon — John D. Wood. Adjutant — Amasa Hoskin. 2d AssH Surgeon — Rufus B. Clark. Quartermaster — Benj. S. Millar. Chaplain — William D. Ames. Captains. Fixst Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Peter J. Schloesser. John Grindell. George L. Hyde. B — Wm. T. Whiting. W. H. H.Valentine. George Perkins. C — Albert G. Dinsmore. Roswell H. Lee. James E. Cooke. D — Samuel L. Hart. E. Gilbert Jackson. Truman T. Moulton. E — Harvey H. Childs. Perry R. Briggs. Abner L. Thomas. F — Elam Bailey. George P. Cobb. G — James M. Camm. Leonard La Plant. They left for Memphis, June 15th, 1864, and before leaving Milwaukee, were presented with the State colors by Gov ernor Lewis. The regiment participated in the fight with the rebels at the time of their raid upon Memphis, in August, a fuller account of which has been given in the history of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth. The Forty-first suffered no loss in the action. It was posted, with the Thirty-ninth, in rear of the Fortieth. In common with these regiments, the Forty-first suffered from disease while at Memphis, losing six men at that place by death. Seymour A. Sawyer, of Company B, reported as mustered out, died immediately after their return to Mil waukee. The regiment was mustered out at Camp Washburn the latter part of September. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 578. Loss: — by death, 6 ; desertion, 2 ; muster-out, 570. FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 861 After the return of the one hundred days' men, President Lincoln expressed his thanks to them and his appreciation of their services, by issuing the following order, a copy of which was received by the Governor. Executive Mansion, Washington City, District of Columbia, October 1st, 1864. Special Executive order -returning thanlcs to the Volunteers for one hundred days, from the States of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin. The time of one hundred days, for which volunteers from the States of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin' volunteered, under the call of their respective governors, in the months of May and June, to aid in the recent campaign of General Sherman, having expired, the Presi: dent directs an official acknowledgment to be made of their patriotic services. It was their good fortune to render efficient service in the South-west, and to contribute to the victories of the national arms over the rebel forces in Georgia, under command of Johnston and Hood ; and on all occasions, and in every service to which they were assigned, their duty as patriotic volunteers was performed with alacrity and courage, for which they are entitled, and are hereby tendered the national thanks, through the governors of their respective States. The Secretary of War is directed to transmit a copy of this order to the Governors of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, and Wisconsin, and to cause a certificate of their valuable services to be delivered to the officers and soldiers of the States above named who recently served in the military force of the United States, as volunteers, for one hundred days. (Signed) ABRAHAM LINCOLN. The certificates mentioned in the order were neatly executed upon parchment paper, and distributed through the office of the Adjutant General of the State. FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY. The Forty-second Infantry was organized at Camp Randall, Madison, and mustered into service September 7th, 1864. The colonel had been in service constantly since September, 1861, and was formerly the adjutant of the Eighth Infantry. The lieutenant colonel had also been in the field since the early part of the war, in the Twelfth Regiment, first as lieutenant and then as captain. The second lieutenants were all appointed for meritorious sevices, from the ranks of regiments in the field. The men were of the most substantial class of citizens. Com- 862 WISCONSIN ,IN THE WAR, pany A was recruited in Waupacca County; B, in Richland ; C,. from near Lodi, in Columbia and Dane Counties $ D, in Grant, from- Boscobel and vicinity; E was from Oshkosh; P, from Green and Dodge Counties ; G, from Jefferson and Waupacca ; H, from Rock ; I, principally from Vernon ; and K, froin Dane and Dodge Counties. The following was the roster : Colonel — Ezra T. Sprague. Lieut Colonel — W. W. Botkin. Major — John W. Blake. Adjutant — William H. Hawes. Quartermaster — John C. Blackmah, Surgeon— George D. Winch. 1st As. Snrgeon — J. P. Clement. 2d As. Surgeon — Oliver P. Stevens. Chaplain — J. W- Johnson. Captains, A — Duncan McGregor. B — Ransom J. Chase. ¦ G- — Geo. M. Humphrey. D — John H. Barnett. E — Augustus Haight. F— Ezzan H. Benson. G — Acors S. Porter. H — Amasa F. Parker. I — Marshall C. Nichols. K — La Fayette M. Rice. First Lieutenants. Warren G. Bancroft. Chauncey J. Austin. Robert Steele. Fletcher S. Kidd. Bartlet M. Low. Henry E. Crandall. William J. Brown. Josiah Thompson. David G. Bliss. Elijah Rich. Second Lieutenants. Charles E. Redfield. Harvey E. Coleman. Cassius M. Bush. Andrew Jackson . Joseph Curtis. James E. Hayden. Charles A. Keyes. Robert H: Henry. Charles E. Bowles. Charles Hubbell. Moving from the State, they reached Cairo, September 22d. Colonel Sprague was placed in command of that post, and Lieutenant Colonel Botkin took command of the regiment, which was employed in the performance of garrison and pro vost duty. October 15th, Companies A, F, D, I, and C, under Lieutenant Colonel Botkin, were sent to Columbus to assist in defending that place against guerrillas. The regiment was reviewed, early in October, by Governor Lewis, of Wisconsin. Captain George M., Humphrey, of Company 0, was appointed chief of ordnance of that- post, and assistant inspector general. He had charge of Fort Defiance, which there, commands the the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and had the direction of the repairs which were then being made upon it. October 25th, Companies B, G, K, E, and H were : ordered, : under Major Blake, to Springfield. Company B was assigned to provost duty in the city, Captain Chase of that company being appointed FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 863 provost marshal. Company G, Captain Porter, was . ordered to Marshall, Illinois, on the border of Indiana.. The other three companies remained in Camp Butler. Companies H and K were afterward sent to different points in the State, to search for deserters, and to forward drafted men to the ren dezvous. During the early part of the winter, the companies at Springfield were attacked by the small pox, and several men died with that disease. On Christmas the members of Company E were made glad by tokens of remembrance from their lady friends at home in Wrightstown, Brown County, in the form of a sumptuous Christmas dinner. These detached companies afterward rejoined the regiment at Cairo. Early in February, 1865, General A. J. Smith's corps came down the Tennessee on their way to the lower Mississippi, and as they stopped at Cairo, some riotous and pillaging soldiers were promptly arrested, and taught better conduct, by Major Blake, then provost marshal of the place. The regiment -remained at Cairo, performing provost and guard dutyj until June, 1865. The Chamber of Commerce of that city passed a series of resolutions highly complimenting the officers and men of the regiment. Returning to Wisconsin, they arrived at Madison June 20th, where they were cordially welcomed in the capitol park by the State authorities,, and soon afterward paid and disbanded. The muster-out roster, according to the Adjutant General's report, was the same as that on leaving the State, with the following exceptions : on returning Josiah Thompson was captain of Company H; James E. Hay den was first lieu tenant of Company F ; Robert H. Henry, of Company H ; Elijah Rich, of Company K; William F. Akin, second lieu tenant of Company H; and George W. Case, of Company K. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 877. Gain: — by recruits in 1865, 130; substitute 1; total, 1,008. Loss: — by death, 57; desertion, 18; transfer, 149 ; discharge, . 138 ; muster-out, 646. FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. The Forty-third Infantry, like the Forty-second, entered the service under the President's call of July 18th, 1864. The 864 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. regiment rendezvoused at Milwaukee. Amasa Cobb, then member of Congress from the third district, and formerly colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin, was appointed colonel, and Byron Paine, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, lieutenant colonel. The first company was mustered in August 8th, and the last, October 8th, 1864. The following day they left the State, and proceeded to Nashville. The roster was as follows : Colonel — Amasa Cobb. Lieut. Colonel — Byron Paine. Surgeon — Andrew J. Ward. Major — Samuel B. Brightman. 1st As. Surgeon — Charles C. Hayes. Adjutant — Alvin F. Clark. 2d As. Surgeon — Thomas Beach. Quartermaster — John B. Eugene. Chaplain — John Walworth. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. t A — E. D. Lowry. William Partridge. Charles M. Day. B — George K. Shaw. Hiram H. Lockwood. Lloyd V. Nanscawen. C — George Campbell. Levi Welden. John Brandon. D — Josiah Hinman. Morgan O'Flaherty. Francis A. Smith. E — Isaac Stockwell. Chas. J. Wadsworth. George W. Witter. F — John S. Wilson. John E. Davis. Henry Harris. G— Bruce E. McCoy. Arthur T. Morse. C. W. Allen. H — William W. Likens. Elijah Lyon. Thomas 0. Russell. I — George Jackson. A. D. Miller. Orrin L. Ingman. K. — R. A. Gillett. John W. Howard. Charles Lemke. From Nashville the regiment moved by rail to Johnsonville, the terminus of the Government railroad which had been built to convey supplies from Nashville to the Tennessee River. Here they performed guard and garrison duty, details being sent daily to guard railroad trains to Nashville. Colonel Cobb was appointed commander of the post, and Lieutenant Colonel Paine took command of the regiment. At that time vast amounts of army supplies of all kinds were pass ing through Johnsonville to Nashville, being brought up the Tennessee on transports, and then shipped. by rail. November 4th, the rebels attacked the gunboats below the town, drove them up to Johnsonville, planted a six-gun battery, and opened fire upon the place and the boats. The officers of the latter, with reason or without reason, deemed it necessary to abandon FORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 865 and burn them. Soon after the transports, barges, and Gov ernment buildings were also fired by the Federals, and pro perty worth several millions of dollars was destroyed to prevent its falling into the enemy's hands. The burning of so many boats and buildings was a conflagration indescribably grand, which, added to the explosion of ammunition upon the boats and in the depot, and the roar of artillery from the combatants, between whom a battle meanwhile was raging, produced a ter rific scene. On the morning of the 5th, the firing was renewed, but the rebels soon withdrew. During the engagement, the Forty-third lay in the trenches, protected by earth-works from the enemy's shot, being unable to aid in the battle because it was wholly an artillery fight. They lost one man killed, and one wounded. November 30th, Johnsonville was evacuated, and the troops ordered to move with all possible despatch to Nashville to resist Hood. Marching by day and night in an almost un broken wilderness, through deep mud and drenching rains, and guarding an immense train, they learned, on the third day, that they were cut off' from Nashville. They were then ordered to turn toward Clarksville, which they reached De cember 5th, and there encamped until the 28th. At that date they embarked for Nashville, and, January 1st, 1865, moved south by rail to Decherd, a station on the road to Chattanooga. Here six companies encamped, and four, under command of Major Brightman, were detached to guard Elk River bridge. Tho regiment remained at these points, guarding the railroad and awing the guerrillas of the country, until the close of the war. While at Decherd, they laid out a cemetery for their own and other deceased soldiers, erected a monument with a suitable inscription in raised letters, and dedicated all with solemn religious services, conducted by their chaplain. They were called to bury many of their number in Tennessee. Early in Juno, the regiment moved to Nashville, and on the 24th were mustered out. They soon after returned to Mil waukee, where they were paid and ^disbanded. Colonel Cobb was breveted brigadier general for meritorious services during the war. Lieutenant Colonel Paine was constrained, in con sequence of the death of a brother, to resign a short time 55 866 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. before the discharge of the regiment. He was in command during most of their service, Colonel Cobb being engaged on detached duty. The soldiers were deeply affected when it was announced that he was to leave. He united kindness and firm ness in discipline. It is the unanimous testimony of the officers of the regiment that never did the humblest soldier, however great his delinquency, receive from Lieutenant Colonel Paine an unkind or ungentlemanly word. " Without ostentation, and with rare singleness of purpose, he devoted himself to the welfare of his regiment and the good of the service. Conced ing nothing to ambition, nothing to any personal considera tion, he moved straight wherever duty led, undeterred by censure, and unmoved by applause, anxious only to.be right." Rarely has the service been blessed with an officer of so pure morals and so sincere a purpose. The only new appointments that appear in the muster-out roster are the following: John E. Davis, adjutant; C. C. Hayes, surgeon ; Henry H. Ruger, first assistant surgeon ; G. Witter, first lieutenant of Company E, and Alvin F. Clark, of Company F ; James H. McHenry, second lieutenant of Com pany A, and George P. Bennett, of Company G. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 867. Gain: — by recruits in 1865, 38; substitutes, 8; total, 913. Loss: — by death, 70; desertion, 40; transfer, 1; discharge, 39 ; muster- out, 763. FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. The Forty-fourth Infantry was called into service in the autumn of 1864. It was organized under the superintendence of Colonel George G. Symes. The companies were sent to Nashville as fast as recruited. Company A left Camp Ran dall October 10th, and was followed by Companies B, F, D and C, successively, the last reaching Nashville November 30th. These five companies, under Lieutenant Colonel Bissell, were present at the battle of Nashville, December 15th and 16th. They were in the trenches between Fort Negley and the Franklin Pike, a portion of them being detailed to guard prisoners. In February, 1865, the balance of the companies FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 867 reached Nashville, and the organization of the regiment was completed, with the following roster : Colonel — George G. Symes. Lieut. ColoiffH — Oliver C. Bissell. Major — William Warner. Adjutant — Charles 0. Tichenor. Quartermaster — J. N. Brundage. Surgeon — James M. Ball. 1st As. Surgeon^S. A. Ferrin. 2d As. Surgeon — Thomas E. Best. Captains. A — Oscar F. Brown. B — William Roush. C — Omar D. Vaughan. D — D. G. Bush. E— H. S. Nickerson. F— C. W. Briggs. G — Daniel Harshman. H — Levi Houts. I — Leonard House. K — William H. Beebe. First Lieutenants. James Wilson. Jay H. Bigford. Earl C. De Moe. Cyrus Van Cott. Leonidas Lombard. William N. Perry. George F. White. Edw. E. Dickerson. John L. Waldo. Archd. W. Bell. Second Lieutenants. Thomas Hay, Jr. G. L. Weymouth. John B. Jones. Hiram Seffens. Edwin Hill. H. P. Briggs. Cyrus E. Dering. Levi J. D. Parish. Joseph M. Henslee. Wm. H. Peckham. The regiment was employed in post and guard duty at Nash ville, until March 9th, when they were sent by General Thomas, to Eastport, Mississippi, to escort some Union prison ers, whom Forrest was to deliver to them at that point. The prisoners not having arrived, they returned to Nashville, and embarked, April 3rd, for Paducah, Kentucky, at which place they were employed in picket duty until August 28th, when they were mustered out of service. Many officers were on detached duty during most of the year. At the date of muster out, there were detached the colonel, major, adjutant, surgeon, three captains, and two lieutenants. The regiment arrived at Madison, September 2d, where they were paid an d disbanded. Several lieutenants were promoted, but the only new names that appear in the roster at the close are the fol lowing: — First Assistant Surgeon, Thomas Harkins; Chap lain, Elias W. Stevens ; Captain, Company E, John W. Moore ; Second Lieutenant, Company B, C. R. Henton. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 877. Gain : — by recruits in 1865, 235 ; substitutes, 2; total, 1,114. Loss : — by death, 57 ; desertion, 48 ; transfer, 121 ; discharge, 92 ; muster out, 796. WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. i\ FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. The Forty-fifth Infantry, like the Forty-fourth, was sent to Nashville by companies, during the latter part of 1864 and the first part of 1865. The roster was as follows : Colonel — Henry F. Belitz. Lieut. Colonel — Gumal Hesse. Surgeon — Ernst Kramer. Major — Charles A. Menges. 1st As. Surgeon — Allen S. Barendt. Adjutant — Karl Ruf. 2d As. Surgeon — Emil J. Dahm. Quartermaster — Albert Becker. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — R. Schlichting. Henry Hoehn. Peter Ruppenthal. B — Jacob Liesen. Christian H. Beyler. John P. Surges. C — B. Schlichting. Albert H. Scheffer. Gustave A. Wetter. D — Henry Van Eweyk. Sebastian Karbach. Aug. Lintelmann. E — C. H. Schmidt. Thomas Nelson. George Neumeller. F — Ignaz Rimmele. Frederick Siebold. Victor E. Rohn. G — Matthias Bauer. Charles White. Herman Rohn. H — John 0. Johnson. Theodore C. Kavel. Gotleib Schweitzer. I — Jacob P. Nytes. George Ippel. William Noack. K, — Robert Lasche. Vincent Heck. Fred. Hemholdt. The regiment was stationed at Nashville until July 17th 1865, when they were mustered out. They arrived at Madi son on the 23rd, where they were soon paid and disbanded. The return roster presented the following new names : — F. Messerlin, First Lieutenant, Company E; Charles Korten, Second Lieutenant, Company D ; John A. Fleischer, of Com pany E, and Max Nonerciler, of Company K. Regimental Statistics.— Original strength, 859. Gain : — by recruits in 1865,142; total, 1,001. Loss: — by death, 26; desertion, 8 ; transfer, 85 ; discharge, 80 ; muster-out, 802. FORTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. The Forty-sixth Infantry was composed principally of farmers from the north-western counties of the State. The regiment rendezvoused at Camp Randall, Madison, and was organized under the supervision of Colonel F. S. Lovell, formerly Lieutenant Colonel of the Thirty-third. Most of the officers had served in other regiments. The roster was as follows : FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 869 Colonel — Frederick S. Lovell. Lieut. Colonel — Abel B. Smedley. Major — Charles H. Ford. Adjutant — William G. Ritch. Quartermaster — Norman Stewart. Surgeon — Darwin Dubois. 1st As. Surgeon — Daniel L. Downs, 2d As. Surgeon- — G. R. Turner. Chaplain — Charles Anderson. Captains. A — Isaac T. Carr. B — John Megran, Jr. C— Wm. R. Kennedy. D — John E. Grout. E — Hannibal Tower. F — Henry B. Williams. G — Thos. H. Hughes. H — Amasa Hoskins. I — Samp. M. Sherman. K— Edward F. Wade. First Lieutenants. Henry T. Johns. James McNish. Milo C. Wilson. Gilson Hinton. Abel Bradway. James A. Rea. Lewis W. Doty. Stephen Norris. Elam Bailey. George W. Webb. Second Lieutenants. M. L. Fairservice. Leander Ferguson. John N. Hoaglin. Gilbert H. Hinton. Edward C. Foster. Cyrel A. Leake. Hiram W. Foss. John J. Bovee. John S. Dickson. Otis F. Chase. March 2d, the regiment was mustered in, and on the 5th, left the State for Louisville, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 10th. Leaving that place the next day, it proceeded to Athens, Alabama, on the Nashville and Decatur Railroad, arriving on the 24th of April. Colonel Lovell was appointed post commandant, and the Lieutenant Colonel assumed com mand of the regiment, detachments of which were posted along the railroad to guard it against guerrillas. Many of the officers were temporarily detached, to serve on a general court- martial. September 27th, 1865, the regiment was mustered out, and started for Wisconsin, arriving at Madison, October 2d, where the men received their pay and were disbanded. Colonel Lovell was breveted brigadier general for meritorious services during the war. No additions were made to the roster. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, *914. Gain: by recruits in 1865, 33 ; total, 947. Loss : — by death, 13 ; desertion, 8 ; transfer, 31 ; discharge, 41 ; muster-out, 854. FORTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. The Forty-seventh Infantry were recruited under the super intendence of Colonel George C. Ginty, of Oconto. They were mustered in, and left the State February 27th, 1865. 870 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Proceeding to Louisville, Nashville, and Tullahoma, Tennes see, they performed guard duty at the last place, until the close of August, when they returned to Nashville, where they were mustered out September 4th, 1865. Arriving at Madison on the 8th they received their pay and were disbanded. The following was their roster : Colonel — George C. Ginty. Lieut. Colonel — Robt. H. Spencer. Surgeon — Henry J. Young. Majm- — Kelsey M. Adams. 1st As. Surgeon — Jona. G. Pelton. Adjutant — Arthur W. Delaney. 2d As. Surgeon — L. D. Mcintosh. Quartermaster — Ed. T. Reamey. Chaplain — Rufus Cooley, Jr. V Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — William Young. Luke C. Redfield. John M. Estes. B — R. J. 0. McGowan. Charles W. Conklin. William Lockerby. C — Perry R. Briggs. Charles D. Suydam. James T. Hulihan. D — Adolph Sorenson. Nels Anderson. Joseph K. Hawes. E — W. W. Bird. Charles A. Spencer. Alb. E. Trowbridge. F — George R. Wright. John P. Dousman. John Dean. G — Robert P. Clyde. Thomas Brayton. Silas F. Nice. H — Charles B. Nelson. William A. Field. James Ginty. I — Jesse D. Wheelock. William T. Whiting. Charles S. Chipman. K — Charles H. Baxter. John Grindell. Edwin Bliss. Lieutenant Spencer was made Captain of Company E, several lieutenants were advanced, and the following second lieutenants were appointed to fill vacancies : Edward Duggan, Julius A. Jones, David Scrampton, John N. Norris, and S. W. Barr, of Companies B, D, E, G, and H respectively. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 927. Gain : — by recruits in 1865, 58 ; total, 985. Loss : — by death, 34 ; deser tion, 23 ; transfer, 29 ; discharge, 87 ; muster-out, 812. FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. The Forty-eighth Infantry rendezvoused at Milwaukee, in February and March, 1865. It was organized under the super vision of Lieutenant Colonel Henry B. Shears, Colonel Pearsall being at the time in service as lieutenant colonel of a colored regiment. Eight companies left Milwaukee, March 22d, passed through St. Louis, to Sedalia, Missouri, and thence, April 1st, during very stormy weather and over miry roads, to Warrens- FORTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 871 burg, and soon after to Paola, Kansas, where they arrived on the 13th, having been delayed a day at Big Bear Creek in building a bridge across the swollen stream. Company C was ordered to Lawrence, H to Olathe, F and G remained at Paola; A, B, D, and E marched to Fort Scott. Companies I and K followed the regiment, leaving Milwaukee, March 28th, reaching St. Louis, April 1st, where Colonel Pearsall joined them, and was mustered in. These companies reached Fort Scott April 28th, where, May 5th, the colonel took command of the Fort. The following was the roster of the regiment : Colonel — Uri B. Pearsall. Lieut. Colonel — Henry B. Shears. Major — Cyrus M. Butt. Adjutant — Alonzo B. Cady. Quartermaster — S. J. Conklin. Surgeon — Leroy G. Armstrong. 1st As. Surgeon — Henry E. Zielley. 2d As. Surgeon — James P. Squires. Chaplain — Truman F. Allen. Captains. A— Charles W. Felker. B — John B. Vosburg. C — Edwin A. Bottum. D, — Adolph Wittman. E— M. V. B. Hutchinson F — Alex. J. Lumsden. G — Hobart M. Stocking. H— Orrin F. Waller. I — L. M. Andrews. K — John D. Lewis. First Lieutenants. Henry Felker. John J. Roberts. Truman D. Olin. Franklin J. Davis. David W. Briggs. George S. Rogers. Mark H. Theman. Peter Trudell. Henry C. Sloan. Aaron Carver. Second Lieutenants. Melancthon J. Briggs George R. Smith. John S. Kendall. James E. Brown. Don A. Winchell. Christian Amman. Aaron V. Bradt. Job S. Driggs. William H. Robison. Merton Herrick. Major Butt was ordered to duty at Paola, and placed in com mand of all troops in Miami and Johnson Counties. During the months of May, June, and July, detachments of the regi ment were employed in cutting and preparing timber and other material for strengthening the fortifications, and erecting new buildings at Fort Scott. July 19th, Colonel Pearsall Was assigned to the command of all the troops in and west of Neosho Valley, Kansas, including the station of Osage Mission, with headquarters at Humboldt, forty-five miles from Fort Scott, of which Lieutenant Colonel Shears now took com mand. On the 22d, Captain Folker took charge of the regi ment, which, August 10th, was ordered to Lawrence. The heavy rains and impassable streams prevented the movement 872 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. until the 19th. They reached Lawrence on the 25th, and on the 5th of September, received their first pay. The men had expected to be mustered out at this place, but, notwithstanding their disappointment, promptly commenced the march west ward over the plains, two hundred and fifty miles, to Fort Zarah, Kansas, which place they reached in twenty days. Companies E and G were left here, and the remainder of the regiment marched thirty-five miles farther to Fort Earned. October 1st, Companies B and I, under command of Major Butt, went to Fort Dodge; D and F, under Captain Wittman, to Fort Aubrey; and C and K, under charge of the lieutenant colonel, to Fort Lyon, Colorado Territory. All these points are on the Arkansas River. The duties of these companies were to escort the mails and Government trains, and protect them against roving bands of Indians. They also performed much garrison and fatigue duty. Companies A, E, G, and H moved to Fort Leavenworth in December, where, on the 30th, they were mustered out. January 3rd, 1866, they reached Madison, and were disbanded. Companies B, D, F, and I were mustered out at Leavenworth, February 19th, 1866, and reached Madison on the 23rd. Companies C and K were mustered out March 24th, and four days after were paid and disbanded at Madison, Wisconsin. Lieutenant Olin became captain of Company C, and Lieu tenant Trudell of Company H; Second Lieutenants Kendall, Driggs, and Herrick, were promoted to be first lieutenants of their respective companies, and C. B. Fowler was appointed second lieutenant of Company H. Regimental Statistics, November 1st, 1865. — Original strength, 828. Gain :— by recruits in 1865, 4; total, 832. Loss : — by death, 9 ; desertion, 67 ; discharge, 36. Number mustered out not reported. FORTY-NINTH INFANTRY. The formation of the Forty-ninth Infantry was very rapid, owing to the energy of Colonel Fallows, and his popularity with the loyal public. Captain John H. Hauser (who has cour teously furnished notes of its history) says, that in less than FORTY-NTNTH INFANTRY. 873 one month the regiment was raised, organized, equipped, and on its way to the South. Its roster was as follows : Cohmd — Samuel Fallows. Lieut. Colonel — Edward Coleman. Surgeon — Orrin W. Blanchard. Major — D. K. Noyes. 1st As. Surgeon — Jonathan Gibbs. Adjutant — James L. High. 2d As. Surgeon — P. W. Blanchard. Quartermaster — Dennis A. Reed. Chaplain — -James J. Mclntyre. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A— Charles E. Hall. L. S. Benedict. Eri Silsbee. B — Albert G. Dinsmore. John A. Hall. John A. Bull. C — R. A. Wareham. Francis Down. Ed. S. Watkinson. D — John H. Hauser. H. H. Himebaugh. Charles H. Stevens. E — Harvey H. Childs. Chas. W. Farrington David E. Davis. E — Elliot H. Liscum. Eugene B. Wise. William R. Taylor. G — James H. Hubbard. Hiram B. Huntress. Daniel K. Sanford. H — Henry O. Pierce. Wm. E. Huntington. James I. Babcock. I — Chris. C. Miller. Anson A. Pike. J. M. Bartholomew. K — Aug. J. Cheney. John A. Smith. Ed. C. Lawrence. The regiment left the State March 8th, 1865, arrived at Benton Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, on the 10th, and on the 13th was ordered to Rolla, Missouri, to perform guard and garrison duties. Company K was placed in Fort Wyman, one mile south of the town, Company I in Fort Detty, and Com pany B was sent ten miles east to St. James. Colonel Fallows was placed in command of the post of Rolla, and afterward of the third sub-district of Missouri. Major Noyes was detailed on a general court martial at St Louis, where he remained most of the time during the term of service. Lieutenant Col onel Coleman commanded the regiment, and gave it a name for discipline which was highly commended by special orders from the department commander. In June Company A was stationed at Waynesville, and Company D at Big and Little Piny. In July, Company H was sent to St. Louis to perform provost duty in the city, and Companies D and E to Benton Barracks as a permanent guard for that place. The remainder of the regiment was ordered to St. Louis in August, to do guard duty at Gratiot Street Prison, and Colonel Fallows was placed in command of the post of St Louis, and of the first 874 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. sub-district of Missouri. The regiment was retained in the ser vice in preference to Missouri regiments, says Captain Hauser, on account of its superior discipline, and the popularity of Colonel Fallows as a post and district commander. On the occasion of fhe jubilee over the fall of Richmond, at Rolla, Missouri, Charles Fessenden, Company K, was, in the night time, mistaken for a guerrilla, and instantly killed by a shot from a Union rifle. November 1st, Companies B, C, and D were mustered out at Benton Barracks, and the remainder of the regiment on the 8th. They were paid and disbanded at Madison soon after. Col onel Fallows was breveted brigadier general, Lieutenant Colonel Coleman colonel, Major Noyes lieutenant colonel, and Captain Cheney was breveted major. Brigadier General T. C. H. Smith, commanding the District of Missouri, in a letter to the Adjutant General of Wisconsin at the time the regiment returned to the State, gave theni the highest praise for their manly, moral, and military virtues. The muster-out roster gives the name of Elias T. Mears as quartermaster, and of Richard M. Beach as chaplain. Lieu tenant Taylor was made captain of Company F ; Elisha Whittlesey, W. F. Bouldin, D. K. Sanford, and J.M.Bar tholomew, were appointed first lieutenants of Companies A, F, G, and I, respectively, and W. M. Colby, G. H. Stansbury, J. A. Gillespie, Ralph H. Avery, second lieutenants of Companies A, B, G, and I, respectively. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 986. Gain: — by recruits in 1865, 16 ; total, 1,002. Loss : — by death, 48 ; desertion, 6 ; discharge, 173 ; muster-out, 775. General Fallows successively held three offices: chaplain of the Thirty-second Wisconsin Infantry, lieutenant colonel of the Fortieth, and colonel of the Forty-ninth. He was the only chaplain of Wisconsin that rose to the command of a regiment. He pursued his academical studies, in part, at Lawrence Uni versity, and graduated as valedictorian of his class at Madison University, in 1859. He is now one of the regents of the latter institution, and pastor of the Summerfield Methodist Episcopal Church of Milwaukee. V&STETW ENHKAVIWQ GO Cmn" BRIG. GEM. SAM?1 FALLOWS, ENGRAVED EXPRESSLY FOR WISCONSIN IM THE V,'-J\ OF THE REBELLION FIFTIETH INFANTRY. 875 FIFTIETH INFANTRY. The Fiftieth Infantry was recruited and organized under the direction of Colonel John G. Clark, of Lancaster, and left Madison for St. Louis by companies, in the latter part . of March and beginning of April, 1865. They subsequently moved from Benton Barracks, where they had been stationed, to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and afterward to Fort Rice, Dakotah Territory, where they arrived, October 10th, and remained until mustered out. Colonel Clark commanding the post, Company E, was ordered home to be discharged in ad- vace of the remainder of the regiment. It was mustered out at Madison; April 19th, 1866. Companies A, B, C, a*nd D returned to Madison June 12th, and the remaining companies, under command of Colonel Clark joined them two days after ward. The regiment was then mustered out, paid, and dis banded. The roster was as follows : Colonel — John G. Clark. Lieut. Colonel — Edwin Bryant, Major — Hugh McDermott. Adjutant — George H. Myers. Quartermaster — Robert P. Smith. Surgeon — John H. Vivian. 1st As. Surgeon — D. S. Alexander. 2d As. Surgeon — Charles G. Crosse. Chaplain — Edward Morris. Captains. A — John C. Spooner. B — Clayton E.Rodgers. C — Oscar M. Dering. D — A. A. Putman. E— P. Phinnev. F— Charles C." Lovett. G — George R. Clements. H— Charles H. Cox. I— William B. Reed. K— I. N. McKendry. First Lieutenants. Rufus H. Blodgett. James E. Newell. R. H. Williams. Andrew Gasman. John O'Niell. Chas. Pfotenhauer. Melville B. Cowles. John C. Cover. Ira W. Kanouse. William A. Morgan. Second Lieutenants. Samuel S. Tubbs. Justus W. Allen. Toppin S. Winchell. George Strong. Benj. F. Bailey. Frank T. Bray ton. Reuben S Andrews. Jerome White. Joseph Tillotson. William H. Oettiker. According to the return roster, Rufus H. Blodgett was adjutant, Curtiss T. Fenn first assistant surgeon, and John C. Cover captain of Company H. Regimental Statistics, November 1st, 1865. — Original strength, 942. Gain: — by recruits in 1865, 16; total, 958. Loss :— -by death, 28 ; desertion, 141 ; discharge, 127. 876 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. FIFTY-FIRST INFANTRY. The six original companies of the Fifty-first Infantry were recruited under the supervision of Colonel Leonard Martin, and were organized at Camp Washburn, during the months of February, March, April and May, 1865. Benton Barracks, Missouri, was made the regimental rendezvous. Companies G, H, I, and K did not leave the State, but were discharged May 6th, under general orders from Washington for the reduc tion of the army. April 7th, Company B was placed on temporary duty at St. Louis. May 8th, the five other compa nies were ordered to Warrensburg, Missouri, and were stationed along the Pacific Railroad, which they guarded, and the Pacific route from Holden to Pleasant Hill. June 21st Company B joined them. Company A was stationed, in the latter part of the month, at Crawford's Run, and the others at Pleasant Hill. Afterwards, Company B was stationed at Carondelet, C and D at Kingsville, and E and F at pleasant Hill. In June, the four companies of the Fifty-third were consolidated with ,the Fifty- first. August 5th, the regiment arrived at Madison, where it was mustered out by companies ; H on the 16th ; G on the 18th ; C on the 19th ; E and K on the 21st ; F on the 22d ; the field and staff officers on the 26th ; B and D on the 29th ; and I on the 30th. The regimental roster was as follows : Colonel — Leonard Maetin. Lieut. Colonel — John B. Vliet. Surgeon — Orestes H. Wood. Major — Alfred Taggart. 1st As. Surgeon — Rouse Bennett. Adjutant — And. J. Sutherland. 2d As. Surgeon — Saml. Hall. Quartermaster — David S. Ordway. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Lowring J. Edwards. James Flanagan. Elias H. Webb. B — J. Clifford Sackett. George Maxwell. Oliver A. Keys. C —Thos. R. Williams. Malcom G. Clark. Morris S. Rice. D — Ira B. Warner. Theodore W. Mason. Orlando T. Sowle. E — John V. Frost. Daniel E. Reilly. George Stewart. F — George W. Gibson. Samuel Elmore. H. G. Klinefelter. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 841. Gain : — by recruits in 1865, 2 ; total, 843. Loss :— by death, 8 ; deser tion, 87 ; discharge, 34 ; muster-out, 714. FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 877 FIFTY-SECOND INFANTRY. The Fifty-second Infantry was not fully organized, five com panies only having been recruited. These were sent to St. Louis, Lieutenant Colonel Hiram J. Lewis commanding them. W. C. Webb, Quartermaster of the Thirty-seventh Regiment, was commissioned Colonel, but not mustered in. They were ordered to Holden, two hundred and forty-eight miles from St. Louis, where they guarded the workmen on the Pacific Railroad, and furnished scouting parties to protect the inhabit ants from the lawless bushwhackers that infested the country. June 21st, they set out for Fort Leavenworth, where they were assigned to duty on the 28th. One month later, they were mustered out of service, and on the 2d of August reached Madison, and were disbanded. The roster was as follows : Lieut. Colonel — Hiram J. Lewis. 1st As. Surgeon — Orv. P. Wright. Adjutant — Norman A. Keeler. 2d As. Surgeon — Cornelius Teale. Quartermaster — Chas. C. Graham. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Henry C. Olney. David M. Bennett. Allen A. Grant. B — Roswell H. Lee. D wight Jackson. Andrew J. Adams. C — George A. Spurr. George Sexton. Thomas A. Conway. D — Sewall W Smith. Alex. Mclntyre. John J. Coyle. E — W. G. Z. Kaesson. Myron L. Brown. John Budd. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 486. Gain : — by recruits in 1865, 25; total, 511. Loss: — by death, 6; desertion, 42 ; transfer, 16 ; discharge, 41 ; muster-out, 406. FIFTY-THIRD INFANTRY. Only four companies of this regiment were organized when the Government ordered all recruits not mustered in to be discharged. Lieutenant Colonel R. T. Pugh, commanded the battalion, which was sent to St. Louis, and thence to Leavenworth, where they Were transferred to the Fifty-first Infantry, June 10th, 1865. Lieutenant Colonel Johnson, of the Fifteenth Infantry, was commissioned colonel, but not mustered in. The roster was as follows : 878 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Lieut. Colonel — Robert T. Pugh. Adjutant — James S. Frisbie. Quartermaster — Wm. P. Forsyth. 1st As. Surgeon — Erwin L. Jones. 2d As. Surgeon — L. M. Benson. Captains. A — Reuben R. Wood. B— Rufus S. Allen. C — Henry Bailey. D — Asa G. Blake. First Lieutenants. Edwin R. Wood. Benj. F. Williams. George L. Garrity. D. J. F. Murphy. Second Lieutenants. Claus H. Lucken. Evan H. Bakka. Andw. J. Hunting. Edgar Brown. Surgeon E. L. Jones was also transferred to the Fifty-first. Company A became Company G in the Fifty-first ; B became H ; C became K ; and D became I. They were mustered out with that regiment in August, 1865. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 380. Gain : — by recruits in 1865, 9; total, 389. Loss: — by death, 8; desertion, 14 ; transfer, 5 ; discharge, 47 ; muster-out, 315. CHAPTER XII. FIRST, SECOND, THIRD AND FOURTH CAVALRY. First Cavalry, — REVIEW, — M'COOX'S EXPEDITION, — KNOXVILLE, — BATTLE OF DANDRIDGE, WILSON'S EXPEDITION, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Second Cavalry, — REVIEW, — BATTALIONS UNITED AT VICKSBURG, — BATTLE, — -EXPEDITIONS IN TEXAS, — GENERAL WASHBURN. Third Cavalry, — REVIEW, — ARMY OF THE FRONTIER, — VETERANS, — EXPEDI TIONS, — AT LITTLE ROCK, — PURSUIT OF SHELBY, — IN MISSOURI AND KANSAS, — CLOSE. — Fourth Cavalry, — REVIEW, — ORGANIZATION AS CAVALRY, EXPEDITIONS, BATTLES, TO THE GULF, — AT MOBILE, TO THE RIO GRANDE, — COLONEL BOARDMAN. FIRST CAVALRY. The history of the First Cavalry Regiment has been given, from its origin to its junction with tho army of the Cumber land, pages 553 to 566. Colonel Lagrange was now in com mand. Colonel Daniels, who received authority as early as the day after the first battle of Bull Run, to raise a battalion, and finally went to the field with the regiment, and shared in its earlier experience, had resigned. In August, 1862, he was taken with spotted fever, and lay helpless till October. He reported to General Curtis in November, and started to join his regiment in January, 1863, but the exposure, with his feeble ness, brought on pneumonia, which led to dangerous chronic diseases, and being by army surgeons pronounced incurable, his resignation was accepted, February 5th. The regiment joined in the movement of Rosecrans' army, from Murfreesboro to Chattanooga, an account of which is given in the chapter on Chickamauga. Marching toward Mur freesboro, to unite with the main army, they shared in an engagement with the rebels near Middleton, and as they came 880 WISCONSIN in the war. out of it, General R B. Mitchell, their division commander, said, " The First Wisconsin is by long odds the best regiment in the division at skirmishing." They took part in the five-mile charge and battle near Shelbyville, in which the rebels lost severely, and their Generals Wheeler and Martin escaped only by plunging into the water to cross the river. They accompa nied Thomas' corps in the march across the mountains and over the Tennessee River. They ascended Raccoon Mountain at an angle of fifty degees, " and had to climb on foot, leading as best they could, their tired and dispirited horses." Their part in the battle of Chickamauga is given on page 687. October 1st, with three days' rations, they started on a scout ing expedition, under Colonel McCook, to save a supply train in the Sequatchie Valley. They came up to the train which the rebels had captured and set on fire, and the terrific explosions of the ammunition, close to which they passed, were equal to all the thunders of the Chickamauga conflict concentrated. Soon after, they fell upon the rebels, under Wheeler, whom they drove, and fought, and drove again. Though three to our one, " what could they do against the line of glittering steel that came upon them like the wind." Their loss was thirty-seven killed and wounded, and forty-two made prisoners, among the latter two captains, a lieutenant, and two majors of Wheeler's Staff. Our own loss was four wounded, one prisoner, and three missing. The entire defeat of a force so greatly superior in numbers, must be attributed somewhat to the free use they had made of their spoils ; — the victors were not drunk. In the official report, Major Torrey, Captain Smith, and Captain Howland are said to have particu larly distinguished themselves. Captain Lagrange alone cap tured a squad of four rebels, fully armed. Private Hewitt pursued a captain and lieutenant half a mile, mortally wound ing the lieutenant, and bringing both prisoners to camp. Sergeant Major Cleveland, Sei-geants Townsend and Dunham, and private Jones deserve special mention. Privates Troxell and Richter pursued a squad of five rebel sharp-shooters, killed two with their sabres, wounding aud capturing two others, " escaping unharmed a heavy volley from the astonished rebels." The pursuit was continued over the Cumberland FIRST CAVALRY. 881 mountains to Murfreesboro, and then south to Shelbyville, Uniontown and Rogersville. Our garrison at McMinnville was captured by the rebels, but before crossing to the south side of the Tennessee, they were overtaken and defeated with a loss of two hundred and fifty killed and wounded. The pursuit was very severe upon our men ; the last days' march had been one of sixty miles, preceded by only a few hours' rest, and the troops were at last so much exhausted that they slept while they walked by the side of their weary horses. Occasionally, some enterprising voice would break out with a whistle or a song, subside presently to a sleepy drawl, then vanish into forgetfulness. Probably few were sorry that night, that the river lay between them and the enemy, or to exchange a conflict, even with glory at the end of it, for a good night's rest November 20th, they moved by way of Murfreesboro, toward East Tennessee, crossed the mountains and the river, and December 16th, encamped near Knoxville. Thence they went to Strawberry Plains, where they forded the Holston, whose current was deep, rapid, and cold, and soon engaged in heavy but successful skirmishing with the rebels. Proceeding toward Dandridge, they came upon a battle, and took part in sweeping the enemy from the field, Colonel Lagrange heading the brigade in a charge with a glittering front, without firing a single carbine. January 14th, 1864, they moved to Dandridge, and on the 17th, were suddenly attacked by a portion of Longstreet's forces, issuing from a wood. They dismounted, rushed into the timber, and cleared it of the foe. But rebel reserves stood upon a hill beyond, who in overwhelming numbers bore down upon them and pressed them back. The Fourth Indiana came up, and the rebels were forced to take again the brow of the hill. But suddenly, their Indiana friends were seen in full retreat ; why, was not then known, but the fact was evi dent. The scene that followed is best described by one of their numb«r. " Unsupported, we could do nothing, and we began to fall back, slowly at first, but the sight of the rebels pouring down the hill in an overwhelming charge, quickened our steps, and every man did his best. Legs were trumps 56 882 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. there, if ever, and infinitely more serviceable than arms, and every muscle on each individual leg did its very best. I am sure I never did so well in all my fife in that respect, as I did in the race down that hill, and over the valley to the next ridge, and the whistling of innumerable bullets in every direc tion, like a large quantity of bumble-bees, gave astonishing speed even to the most laggard. Before we had gone through the woods, we found the cause of the retreat of the Fourth Indiana to be a body of mounted rebels, who had charged upon them, and having driven them through the woods, were now directly in our way. But who could withstand the fury of that backward charge ! They went down like pigeons before a blun derbuss, and unchecked, we continued our retreat up the hill where we had left our horses." But the horses were gone, and retreat being thus cut off, they availed themselves of the the first protection that offered, and prostrate behind the slight escarpment of a ridge, continued to fire upon the enemy oppo site, who at no time ventured outside the protection of the timber. Meanwhile, the wave of conflict had rolled on to the right, where infiintry and artillery were on either side engaged. As soon as darkness made it safe to leave their position, the First Wisconsin moved quietly to the rear, and answered to the roll-call; "but it made the heart sick to see the wasted squads that rallied under their leaders — only a dozen or so where flourishing companies had been." As the night deep ened, however, many returned — some as stragglers from the flight, some as escaped prisoners, till the final loss to the regi- met is recorded as thirty-two men killed, wounded and missing. Among them was Captain Wallace W. LaGrange, who died the June following, from wounds received in the early part of this battle. Having as far as possible brought in and cared for their disabled comrades, they started, in com pany with the division, about midnight, for Knoxville. This was the severest engagement in which the First Wisconsin had then participated, and the first time they had been com pelled to flee before the enemy, but they comforted themselves with the reflection that the best regiment in the world could have done no better, and that the enemy had received twice the injury he had inflicted. Certain it is, that having made FIRST CAVALRY. up their minds to run, they did it as they did every thing else, " with a will," — a habit worthy of all praise. At Cleveland, March 12th, they were joined by four hundred recruits from Wisconsin, under Lieutenant Colonel Torrey, who assumed command, Colonel LaGrange leading the brigade. May 3rd, they advanced to join in Sherman's Atlanta cam paign. On the 9th, they went forward from Yarnell's Sta tion, to attack a rebel force three miles distant. After the battle had continued some time with varying fortune, our troops fighting now on foot and then on horses, Colonel LaGrange ordered a charge, leading it in person. It was made at a headlong gallop, and for a while the rebels scattered before it, but the triumph was short. A terrible volley was poured out from concealed earthworks, checking the advance and turning back the tide, while at this moment a regiment of Texan Rangers charged upon the flanks of the retreating column, and captured every straggler in an instant. It was here that Colonel LaGrange, having two horses shot under him, the second holding him to the ground, was taken prisoner, also Captain G. 0. Clinton, and four of his company, one of whom, at least, breathed his life out in a Southern prison. Though the engagement continued but two hours, the Union loss was severe : one hundred and thirty-six killed, Wounded, and prisoners from a brigade of nine hundred — forty-eight from the First Wisconsin alone. They had encountered nearly the whole of Wheeler's cavalry, supported by a division of infantry. Their position in Sherman's army is given on page 699 ; their part at Buzzard's Roost and Resaca, page 704 ; at Dallas, 710, 711 ; at Kenesaw, 719, 720 ; in the siege of Atlanta and McCook's raid, 737 to 741. Hood's plan of campaign to the North having been developed, they left Cartersville, Georgia, October 17th, and reached Louisville, November 8th, where they were remounted. Under Major Harnden, they moved, December 4th, for Nashville. At Hopkinsville they shared in a successful engagement with about 2,000 rebels under Lyon. Had La Grange been in command of the division instead of McCook, the pursuit would have been so rapid and wise that the enemy would probably have been captured. ' La Grange with 884 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. a few pushed on and saved Elizabethtown from pillage and fire. They reached Nashville January 5th, 1865, having marched six hundred and sixty miles since leaving Lojiisville, a month before. By easy marches they proceeded to Waterloo, Ala bama. March 22d, they moved with General James H. Wil son's large cavalry expedition, which soon captured six large Southern cities. One portion moved on Tuscaloosa, and the other on Selma, at that time the principal manufacturing town of the Confederacy, where they destroyed property worth hundreds of millions of dollars. But before reaching Selma, a severe engagement was had with Forrest at Plantersville, and one battalion of the First, under Major Shipman, put to flight a force at Centreville, and captured fifteen prisoners. Having occupied Montgomery, Colonel La Grange had command of the second brigade, which moved toward West Point. Near that place the rebels were driven into a strong fort, which, on the summit of a hill, overlooked the town. While the Fourth Indiana cavalry attacked the town, the First Wisconsin, Second Indiana, and Seventh Kentucky, having dismounted, advanced upon the fort. Our battery and sharp-shooters swept the sum mit of the fort until the storming columns crossed the surround ing ditch. Lieutenant Colonel Harnden, commanding the First, and about one hundred of his men, were the first to pass the ditch, when they lay upon the embankments some twenty minutes, waiting for others to cross, and firing at every rebel head that appeared above the works. When all were ready they mounted the parapet, where a desperate hand to hand fight ensued, until the rebel commander, General Tyler, was killed, when his men surrendered. Among our lost was the young, brave, and meritorious Lieutenant Shelden E. Vosburg, who was killed on the parapet, shot, Colonel Harnden says, by a renegade Wisconsin man who was serving in the rebel ranks Lieutenant James R. Barnett caught him as he fell and laid him in the ditch. Afterward, seeing he was still alive, he ex changed a few words with him before he died. Lieutenant Colonel Harnden was himself wounded in the thigh ; having been severely wounded in the shoulder the year before, in a charge near Dallas. The inside of the fort presented a horrid spectacle. The rebels had chiefly been shot through the head, FIRST CAVALRjT. 885 and the blood and shivered remains of dead men were too shocking for description. The dead removed, the fort was blown up, and immense quantities of property were destroyed in the town. They next advanced to Macon, learning of Lee's surrender, on the way, from the lips of ex-Senator John Bell. May 6th, Lieutenant Colonel Harnden was ordered by General Croxton to proceed in search of Jefferson Davis. He left at evening with one hundred and fifty-two men in his command. They marched all night and the next day, in hot weather and over very dusty roads, advancing fifty-five miles to Dublin. Lieu tenant Clinton and twenty men took a side road sixteen miles, and rejoined the main party at eleven at night. They passed many mounted and armed rebels returning home after John ston's surrender. The whites would give no information of the Davis party. At midnight a negro came to Colonel Harn den and gave him a minute and rational account of Davis and his wife and train. They had passed through the town, Davis going through the outskirts, and rejoining his company after wards. Leaving Lieutenant Lane with forty-five men to watch at Dublin and vicinity, Harnden moved at early dawn the next morning, the 8th, and advanced in the rain and partly through swamps, forty-five miles, impressing guides a part of of the distance. Before light on the 9th, they resumed their march, and at Abbeville fell in with Colonel Pritchard, of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry who said that he was also in search of Davis, but had been ordered to camp there, and guard the ferry and patrol the river. He further said that he had heard nothing of Davis on his way until in formed by Colonel Harnden. The latter declined Colonel Pritchard's offer of additional men, and went forward. At nine o'clock in the evening, being satisfied that they were near the Davis party, and afraid of giving him an opportunity to escape in the darkness, he halted until three the next morn ing. Moving forward then, the advance guard, under Ser geant Hussey, before light, came upon armed men, who ordered them to halt. Supposing them to be rebel pickets they retreated, and were fired upon. Harnden advanced with a larger force, and other firing on both sides followed. Sergeant 386 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Howe captured a prisoner from whom it was ascertained that their supposed foe were Michigan troops, who had just arrived, and surrounded the rebel train, though Colonel Pritchard did not yet himself know whether Davis was taken. Three Wis consin men had been wounded, and two of the Michigan killed, and one officer wounded. Pritchard acknowledged to Harnden that after the latter left he selected some of his best mounted men, took another way, and had but just arrived. Evidently the train was not captured until after the firing between the two regiments, and if the Michigan had not delayed the Wis consin troops, the latter would perhaps have effected the cap ture earlier than it was accomplished. Pritchard would not have taken Davis without the information so dearly purchased by Harnden and his men, which was communicated to Pritch ard in a frank and officer-like manner. And now shall Pritchard take $10,000 of the reward and Harnden nothing ? The Michigan men take $100,000, and the Wisconsin men nothing ? So the committee strangely decide. Did not the Wisconsin soldiers have more to do with effecting the capture than some, at least, of the Michigan men, who never touched or hardly saw the prisoner ? If Congress does not make a special appropriation to reward the Wisconsin troops it will be a stain upon their memory. Major General Wilson, then commanding the cavalry corps in Georgia, stated in an indorsement on Colonel Pritchard's report, that Colonel Harnden was in no way responsible for the unfortunate collision which occurred, and that he was entitled to an equal share of the credit for the capture of Jefferson Davis. Colonel Harnden is a resident of Rome, Jefferson County, Wisconsin, and a lumberman by occupation. He enlisted as private, August 15th, 1861 ; rose to the captaincy of Company L, to the lieutenant-colonelcy of the regiment, and was breveted brigadier general, to rank from March 13th, 1865. He was a member of the Wisconsin Assembly in the winter of 1865-6. The regiment left Macon, May 24th, reached Nashville, June 14th, and, July 19th, was mustered out, and soon after paid and disbanded. The last roster was the following : FIRST CAVALRY. s 887 Colonel — Oscar H. La Grange. Lieut. Colonel — Henry Harnden. Quartermaster— Asa Einney. 1st Major — Stephen V. Shipman. Commissary — Albert J. Morehead. 2d Major — Newton Jones. Surgeon — Nathaniel S. Robinson. 3rd Major — Levi Howland. Chaplain — George C. Fox. * Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Amos B. Hudson. Charles L. Hewitt. B Edward D. Town. Francis P. Easterly. Orson T. Clinton. C Horace A. Chase. D Lewis D. Phelps. Theron H. Lane. E Paul C. Stillman. F Milton Martin. G John H. Barnes. H James L. Sprague. Jonathan Willard. Nicholas S. Chambers. I No commissioned officers of this company at the time of muster-out. K Charles S. Wicks. Eben S. Chase. Pardon B. Lamerauk. L John L. Stewart. James M. Waterman. James L. Ackley. M So commissioned officers of this company at tlie time of muster-out. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,124. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 295; in 1864, 597; in 1865, 164; substi tutes, 83 ; draft in 1863, 202 ; in 1864, 76 ; veteran reenlist ments, 61 ; total, 2,602. Loss : — by death, 366 ; desertion, 91 ; transfer, 67 ; discharge, 634 ; muster-out, 1,444. The First Cavalry was justly noted at its origin for excellent moral qualities. Every member of the field and staff officers was strictly temperate, and, with few exceptions, all the line officers and privates. While west of the Mississippi, though obtaining subsistence chiefly from the country occupied, it is stated that not a case of private robbery was ever known to the commanding officer. While forty of the regiment were prisoners at Little Rock, with about fifty United States troops, parole papers were presented by the rebels, and many signed them. But when they were brought to the room where P. J. Schlick, of Company F, was confined, he discovered a clause binding them never to enter the Federal service again, and refused to give his signature. All in his room likewise refused, and those who had signed, on learning the deception practiced upon them, demanded the return of the papers. In being con veyed to that prison, James H. Vrooman was put upon a mule, and his legs being tied under the animal, was compelled to ride sixty miles without once being allowed to dismount. While in prison he asked for a book to read, and for that civil question was lashed. Sergeant W. B. Ware, from Waupun, 888 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. having many times successfully served as a scout, was finally captured. While his two mounted guards stopped for dinner, he seized their rifles, and kept them both at bay until he reached the woods, where he confiscated a mule and rode fifty miles to his regiment. Corporal John Farnsworth, from Beaver Dam, after the fight at Chalk Bluff, was set upon by two rebel captains, who being armed ordered him to surrender. He refused, drew his revolver, and though his horse was shot under him, made good his escape. These facts indicate the character of many of the regiment. The charge of Captain S. V. Shipman, from Madison, and his forty men of Company E — recorded on page 562 — will take rank among the most daring and grand exploits of the war. Besides the band of rebels through whom they charged, with hundreds firing at them, they were really surrounded by 3,000, who had four pieces of artillery, and 3,000 more at some distance. Captain Shipman's wound, at first considered fatal, proved very severe, sixty pieces of bone being taken from it nr o::-j time, and at last, after months of suffering, left him ;> crip;>k' fm- life. Among the lost in this conflict was Orderly ^e:\u.-e;i;it Corbin, a brave young man from Beaver Dam, who, while defending his captain, was shot in the breast and fell dead, and his horse with him. Colonel La Grange, who so long commanded this regiment, was brevetted brigadier general, and was recommended for promotion to the full grade of that office by General Wilson, who said that he was one of the most meritorious and promis ing officers he ever knew. Major General Stanley wrote, June 6th, 1865, " The First Wisconsin Cavalry, a most gallant regi ment, with a colonel — La Grange — as dashing a trooper as ever the famed Murat, commanded. By the way, before the war, an impression existed in the country, that only Southern men could ride well enough for dragoons. But during my experience with the cavalry, it became a fixed fact with us, that the farther north the regiment came from, the more sure they were of being effectual and reliable cavalry. Who will account for it?" General La Grange was born in Fulton, New York, April, 1838, and came with his father's family to Wisconsin in 1845. FIRST CAVALRY. 889 When captured by the enemy, he vainly begged to go with his men, who were also prisoners, but was sent to Macon, where, refusing to give his parole, he was confined in jail until specially- exchanged. His brother, Captain W. W. La Grange, Company D, mortally wounded at Dandridge, especially distinguished himself in the -conflict at L'Anguille Ferry, after which he swam the river thirteen times within a hundred yards of the enemy (who were engaged in plundering our wagons), towing a boat to which our stragglers clung, and thus escaped. When his thigh was shattered at Dandridge he fell upon his face, but still ordered his company forward. In the retreat, as they were carrying him from the field, he saw the danger of his men, and told them to leave him, saying, " I do not want any more of Company D to be hurt for nothing." But they clung to him till they reached an ambulance. He said to his mother before his death, "Life has been pleasant; but I have no regret; I am proud to be worthy to die for my country." Horatio K. Foote, son of Rev- e? erend Hiram and Eliza M. Foote, I of Waukesha — born in Racine, 6 November 24th, 1843 — enlisted in % the First Wisconsin Cavalry, at I the age of eighteen, had a horse i killed under him at the battle of I Varnell Station, May 9th, 1864, 4^ ^§H «il$g&v near tne °Peimig 0I Sherman's '^^^^^^\ Atlanta campaign, and with his fpiiP colonel and captain was there taken prisoner. Colonel La Grange was often heard to say that one good scout was worth more to a cavalry brigade than a whole company in the line. Among those whose services he most valued were Frank Lavine, Stephen Nichols (a Stockbridge Indian), Alfred Hin- man, Bristol Farnsworth, and Horatio K. Foote, of Wau kesha. " Each of these men," says the colonel " had receipts for more than twenty prisoners captured by his own unaided powers, and though they preferred to capture rather than kill the jenemy, they were such masters of their weapons that, 890 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to use their own words they ' never wasted a cartridge.' " Lavine and Nichols passed through the war unhurt, and are now on their farms in Wisconsin. Hinman and Farnsworth fell fighting, surrounded by the dead bodies of their enemies. Foote said to his colonel, as they separated for different prisons, " If I can get back into our lines with the information I've picked up before Sherman crosses the Chattahoochee, I shall be willing to die." Alas ! his hope was never realized. His captain, George 0. Clinton, says, " He could easily have made his escape, but preferred capture or death rather than leave the field until ordered back ; the order came too late, and all were captured who had not run. He used his carbine (a Spencer rifle) until the rebels were almost on him, and then drew the cylinder from the rifle and threw it away, thus ren dering it useless to his captors." He passed through the scenes at Andersonville during that year of fearful mortality there, was taken to Charleston in September, where he lay four weeks, sick of the fever, in the hospital, and thence was conveyed to Florence, South Carolina. When almost naked and starving, he was often urged with flattering promises to enlist in the Confederate ranks. Some, with death staring them in the face, had done this, with the determination of leaving the rebels the first opportunity. But Horatio's reply was always the same : " I will never dishonor my parents or disgrace myself by forsaking the old flag to save my life ! " It was heard of him that he attended the prayer meetings while in Florence prison, and said he derived great good from them. After patient inquiry it has been learned from a prison companion, that he lived to be paroled at Florence, but when taken outside the stockade was too far gone to be sent by the cars to our lines, and there, about February 1st, 1865, he breathed his last — a precious, noble sacrifice on the altar of his country ! His last whispers were those of prayer, which were consistent with the confession he made by uniting with his father's church before entering the army. Captain G. 0. Clinton, of Brodhead, was also a sufferer in prison, but escaped with his life. But two of his brothers died in the service. One was H. P. Clinton, quartermaster of the SECOND CAVALRY. 891 Seventh Regiment. Charles W. Clinton, second lieutenant, Company K, died at Murfreesboro, March 29th, 1864, from disease produced by vaccination with impure matter. Their grandfathers, on both sides, were soldiers in the Revolution, and sometimes, marching barefoot, marked their foot-prints with blood, and at times, thirsting for water, had none save what they could press out of rotten wood lying on low ground. A painful sacrifice, apparently needless, was the follow ing : Marcus A. Pease, son of Reverend P. B. Pease, of Mil waukee, after a long and tiresome march with nineteen others, pursued by Texan Rangers, wrote to his parents, " I am really worn out with fatigue and poor diet." He was soon after taken with congestive chills; his faithful comrades watched over and cared for him as well as they knew how; they went to the surgeon with repeated and urgent requests for assistance, but he was intoxicated, and refused to act until it was too late; young Pease died August 24th, 1852, aged eighteen years and eleven months. He was early a christian, and re markable for consistency and devotion. ? SECOND CAVALRY. The early history of the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, from its origin to Vicksburg, has been given, pagw 566 to 573. Its part in the siege of Vicksburg is stated on page 660; in the second battle of Jackson, page 662. The second and third battalions of this regiment remained at Redbone Church, ten miles from Vicksburg, from August 2d, 1863, until April ,27th, 1864, when they moved to Vicksburg. In September, 1863, Colonel Stephens, Lieutenant Waggoner, and four sergeants, were ordered to Wisconsin on recruiting service. In January, 1864, the regiment received a large number of recruits, and, in March, Colonel Stephens returned with many more, after which the veterans of the regiment went home on furlough, under the charge of Majors Eastman and Richmond, returning to duty May 11th. Colonel Stephens was placed in command of all the cavalry at Vicksburg, amounting to five regiments ; Major Richmond commanding the Second Wisconsin. The duty of the regiment was to patrol the country between Vicks burg and the Big Black River, and keep it clear of roving 892 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. bands of rebels. The men suffered severely from sickness during the summer, many of whom died. In September, the first battalion, which had been stationed in the vicinity of Rolla and Springfield, Missouri, most of the time since enter ing the service, joined the regiment at Vicksburg. While in Missouri, this battalion was engaged in scouting and guarding wagon trains, and took part in the forced march to the battle field of Prairie Grove, participating in the action without loss. May 26th, 1864, they were engaged in a severe skirmish at Lane's Prairie, in which they lost five men killed. The health of the battalion in Missouri was good, but upon their arrival at Vicksburg, a large number were soon prostrated by disease. December 2d, 1864, Lieutenant Colonel Dale, with two hun dred and eighty men, while reconnoitering, encountered a heavy force of the enemy, twelve miles from Yazoo City. After a severe fight of half an hour, the rebels outflanked the detach ment, which after twice repulsing their attacks, withdrew with a loss of five killed, nine wounded, and twenty-five taken prisoners. The Lieutenant Colonel was wounded in the ankle. December 8th, the regiment embarked for Memphis, at which place they joined an expedition under General Grierson, on the 21st, which marched into the interior of Mississippi. At Egypt Station, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, a short but severe action took place, in which nearly five hundred rebels were taken prisoners, who were turned over for the Second Wisconsin to guard. After destroying a vast amount of Con federate property, tearing up railroads and burning bridges, the expedition passed through Lexington and Benton, to Vicks burg, where it arrived January 5th, 1865, having marched through a broken and swampy country, a distance of four hundred miles. January 13th, they proceeded by boat back to Memphis, and there encamped. They were engaged during the winter in very laborious marches through the woods and swamps of Arkansas, penetrating even to Louisiana, whence they returned to Memphis, February 17th. On the 9th of May, three hundred and thirty men of the regiment, under com mand of Major De Forest, were ordered to Grenada, Missis sippi, one hundred and thirty miles from Memphis, where they SECOND CAVALRY. 893 remained as garrison for that point, until June 24th, when they were ordered to rejoin the regiment, which had moved to Alexandria, Louisiana. July 3rd, Colonel Stephens and about two hundred men were mustered out. August 8th, the regi ment left Alexandria, crossed the Sabine River, into Texas, and pushed forward three hundred and ten miles to Hempstead. " The route lay through a poor country, mostly covered with pine timber, and men and animals suffered from scarcity of proper rations and forage." Oetober 30th, they set out for Austin where they were mustered out November 15th. Having turned over their horses to other regiments, they marched the first hundred miles on foot to Brenham, whence they proceeded by rail and steamer to Madison, Wisconsin. December 14th, they were paid and disbanded. The muster-out roster was the following : Lieut. Colonel — Nicholas H. Dale. Commissary — Prosper L. Knappen. Major — Newton De Forest. Surgeon-^iioses P. Hanson. 2d Major — Edwin Skewes. 1st AssH Surgeon — J. Seaton Kelso. Adjutant — James R. Woolfenden. Chaplain — Benjamin L. Brisbane. Quartermaster — George S. Race. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Andrew J. Palmer. B Thomas LaFlesh. Jeremiah S . McDaniel. C Daniel L. Riley. Chauncey Blaneha. Francis A. Tobie. D George W. Noble. Samuel L. Burnell. E Stephen Woodward. Zadoc Menell. F Francis M. Poynter. Henry W. Wadsworth. George H. Sterner. G Zelotis P. Cogswell. Edward S. Minor. H Gotfried Langstadt. I George W. Ring. John Larkin. Henry W. Tinkham. K. George B. Davidson. L James L. Leroy. M Freeman A. KimbaU. George W. Walter. George W. Taylor. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,127. Gain :-~ by recruits in 1863, 137; in 1864, 630; in 1865, 212; substi tutes, 18; draft in 1865, 1; veteran reenlistments, 385; total, 2,510. Loss: — by death, 271; missing, 5; desertion, 103; transfer, 33 ; discharge, 557 ; muster-out, 1,541. September 30th, 1864, while the regiment was upon an expe dition into the south-west corner of Mississippi, Edward S. Minor, of Company G, followed by two companions, Joseph Cooper and Truman Mclntyre, made an impetuous charge, ahead of the advanced guard of the column, in pursuit of a 894 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. carriage containing what appeared to be a Confederate officer of high rank. After an exciting chase of over three miles, in which they were fired upon by rebels from the roadside, the driver was frightened from the box by the aid of a few shots, and the vehicle was brought to a halt, and turned about with its rebel occupant a prisoner. While returning to the com mand, the captured rebel offered his captor any amount of money he would name, if he would release him, and tendered him five thousand dollars for this purpose. Minor spurned the offer, and after repeated solicitations, forbade any further men tion of the subject, saying, "I cannot and will not let you go." The rebel's name was Goper; he said he had been a Confed erate officer, but resigned to speculate in cotton. Minor deli vered him to the provost marshal. But he was soon at liberty, and the following day, meeting Minor, said to him, " I have not so much money as I had yesterday, but I am a free man. You might as well have had the money as any one else." Let Edward S. Minor be honored for his patriotism and integrity, and let the man who released the cotton speculator for his money be utterly condemned, and if possible, punished. The men who in this war periled the interests of their country, and prolonged the rebellion, and multiplied the loss of hie, by trade in cotton, or connivance with cotton speculators for gain, deserve to have no country, and no home except a prison ! The services of this regiment often brought them in contact with large numbers of the freedmen. In an expedition to Louisiana, of several regiments, commanded by Colonel Osborn, hundreds of that torn and crushed people followed them, as the least of two evils. But their sufferings were very great and often needless. Some soldiers were allowed to rob them of whatever valuable articles they might possess ; hungry, faint, and cold, they would often lie down by the roadside and die ; children would die in their mothers' arms while on the march ; the skin of swollen feet and limbs would crack open and the blood mark their steps. But the officers and men of the Second Wisconsin, employed proper means for the protection and comfort of those following the regiment, and with excellent results — a demonstration to the credit of human ity. Surgeon M. P. Hanson relates horrid cases of designed SECOND CAVALRY. 895 oppression and cruelty to the freedmen from their former masters. The corruption and baseness of even some Union officers is a painful but real subject. Some would speculate in cotton ; others would take bribes from speculators ; still others would ferret out the cases of bribery, and take hush-money from the guilty parties. But many officers were honest, and their influ ence was highly salutary. Good officers throughout all regi ments would have led to the improvement of nearly all soldiers in the army. Among those who came home to die of disease contracted in Government service, was Henry Jones of Company M, who died of typhoid pneumonia at Emerald Grove, September 25th, 1864. Another was James Hanson, of Company I, who died of congestion of the lungs, in Milwaukee, October 26th, 1862. He was the son of Surgeon Hanson ; from childhood was remarkable for conscientiousness, and fully retained it amid all temptations and associations of army life — a testimony to the reality and firmness of true virtue. The first surgeon of the regiment was Doctor Clark G. Pease, who died at his home in Janesville, June 27th, 1864. General Washburn wrote : " His humanity and devotion to the sick, the wounded and the dying, I am sure, caused his early and untimely death. A true Christian gentleman, he gave himself up a martyr to the cause of his country, of humanity, and of God." The fellow-officers of Doctor Pease, on learning of his death, passed resolutions expressive of the warmest friendship and confidence, and pronounced him " An officer devoted and faithful, a gentleman noble and refined, a Christian without reproach." Previous to entering the army Doctor Pease was widely known as a skillful physician, and a zealous, active, and consistent Christian. MAJOR GENERAL WASHBURN. The services of General Washburn in connection with the war, both in Congress and in the army, have been noticed in their historic connections, as far as the spring of 1864. At that time, he was ordered by General Grant to Annapolis, to assist in reorganizing the ninth corps, to which he was 896 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. assigned. But in a few days after, there coming terrible reports from West Tennessee, in the massacre of Fort Pil low, and other calamities, Major General Hurlbut, in com mand, was relieved, and General Washburn ordered to pro ceed to Memphis and assume command, which he did about the middle of April, 1864. He remained in command until December, when he was relieved by Major General N. J. T. Dana, and ordered to the command of the District of Vicks burg. While he was in command of the District of West Tennessee, he organized and sent out several expeditions to operate on the communications of the enemy, and to hold in check a large rebel cavalry force, which would other wise be operating on the communications of. General Sher man. These expeditions were all successful save one, under General Sturges, an intemperate general of the regular army, who was not of Washburn's selection, and who, with an army of 8,000 men, in splendid condition, was defeated near Gun Town, Mississippi, by Forrest, with a force of less than 3,500. He afterwards sent another expedition, under General A. J. Smith, who fought Forrest at Tupelo, Mississippi, and in a sense wiped out the Sturges disaster. General Washburn was afterwards placed in command of the district of Vicksburg, but his successor at Memphis, Gen eral Dana, was relieved, and he was recalled to that department. While there, he at one time placed forty of the most promi nent rebels on the railroad trains, to guard against the attacks of bushwhackers, through whom they were losing several fives daily. Two trips were sufficient to break up the practice. Competent testimony from Memphis says that he was the best commander in that position during the war. General Washburn was born in Livermore, Maine, April 22d, 1818. Both his paternal and maternal grandfather served in the Revolution, the latter as an officer from the battle of Lexington to the close of the war. He came to Wisconsin in 1839, and settled at Mineral Point in 1842, where he practised law ten years. He was elected to Congress in 1854, was twice reelected, and then declined further service. Two of his brothers were members at the same time, one from Maine, and one from Illinois, (the latter has been reelected seven times, THIRD CAVALRY. 897 and the former was afterward governor of Maine), one brother is United States Minister to Paraguay, one was a commander< in the navy during the war, one was Surveyor General of Minnesota for four years, and one is a banker. Such are the seven brothers of the family. THIRD WISCONSIN CAVALRY. The early history of the Third Cavalry has been given, pages 574 to 578. Their part in the battle of Honey Springs is related on" page 584 ; in that of Newtonia, pages 585, 586 ; of Cane Hill, 586 ; of Prairie Grove, 587, 588. The previous -listorical narration left the regiment at Fort Blunt. When companies B, G, H, I, and M arrived. at Fort Blunt, they were attached to the third brigade, Army of the Frontier, and on the 16th of July, 1863, marched southwards under com mand of General Blunt. The next day, they were engaged in the battle of Hon^y Springs, in which the rebels were utterly routed, with the loss of many prisoners and all their artillery. During the summer, Colonel Barstow was detailed on a court-martial at St. Louis. August 22d, the detachment participated in another forward movement, in which large quantities of rebel stores were cap tured, and Perryville was taken and burned. October 6th they marched to Van Bm en, Arkansas, where Companies E and K joined them. On tho 16th, they made a raid to Wal- dron, Arkansas, routed a superior force, of the enemy, and captured thirteen prisoners. The following day, they attacked a large body of rebel Choctaw Indians, captured their stores and put the whole force to flight. Early in November, they attacked 1,000 rebels, under Colonel Brooks, and after a sharp fight, drove them across the Arkansas River, capturing a large number. In December, a scouting party penetrated to the Red River, and returned without loss, bringing in many prisoners. October 6th, 1863, Company I, which at the time formed a part of General Blunt's escort, was attacked by five hundred rebels, while halted near Baxter's Springs, in the Cherokee Nation. The enemy was led by the infamous Quantrell, and disguised in Federal uniforms. After a brave but ineffectual 57 898 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. resistance, the escort of sixty-five men gave way ; Company I, numbering forty men^ held their ground until the rebels were, within twenty feet of them. When they finally turned to escape, their fiendish pursuers rushed upon and slew them without mercy, killing twenty-two, and wounding four, who were left on the field as dead. Several were murdered after they had surrendered. The regimental band was with General Blunt at the time, and every man of it massacred. Their bodies were thrown into and under their band wagon, and burned. Lieu tenant Pond, of Company C, with a small detachment, was attacked at the same time, at Baxter's Springs, and was highly commended for the manner in which he defended his position. Lieutenant A sa W. Farr, quartermaster of the regiment, was among the killed. The commanding general and most of his staff escaped. In January, February, and March, 1864, three- fourths of the regiment reenlisted. March 30th, they moved from Van Buren for Little Rock, whence the veterans com posing seven companies, went home on furlough, arriving at Madison May 13th. Having reassembled, they left the State June 16th, with orders to report at Little Rock, and, after a short stay at St. Louis, where they were reequipped, arrived at Huntersville on the Arkansas River, opposite Little Rock, July 27th. They were then employed there in picket duty, and in scouting between the Arkansas and White rivers, and in escorting trains between Huntersville and Duvall's Bluff. August 28th, Major Deny, with one hundred and four men, accompanied an expedition of eight hundred mounted men, in pursuit of Shelby's forces, who when forty-five miles from Huntersville, were encountered, repulsed and pursued, the regiment sustaining no loss. September 7th, the command returned to camp near Little Rock. The five other companies were stationed in Missouri and Kansas : Company A at Rallstown ; C, at Fort McKean ; D, at Fort Hamer ; F, at Fort Insley ; and M at Pawnee, Kansas- all engaged constantly in the most laborious and dangerous duties as scouts, pickets and foragers. These companies are reported by the chief of cavalry of the Department of Arkan sas, as standing high in the estimation of the commander of the department. Colonel Jennisbn reports that in a battle at THIRD CAVALRY. 899 Newtonia, November 4th, 1864, Lieutenant Pond was in command of a detachment of the- Third Wisconsin, aud that they behaved nobly, losing four seriously wounded, and eleven horses killed. September 25th, Mqjor Deny, with one hundred and forty- one men joined an expedition at Little Rock for Fort Smith, and returned October 13th, after a march of four hundred miles. The seven veteran companies B, E, G, H, I, K, and L, were stationed in the vicinity of Little Rock during the autumn and winter, engaged in scouting, guarding trains, patrolling the roads, and clearing the country of bushwhackers, with whom they had frequent encounters. March 10th, 1865, a detachment of forty men, under com mand of Captain Julius Giesler, of Company A, was sent from Little Rock, to capture a party of bushwhackers near Clear Lake, forty miles distant When in the vicinitj- of the place designated, the guide, who had himself given information concerning the rebel band, gave an alarm and entered a thicket. A volley of musketry was fired upon the head of the column, from a superior force of the enemy, in ambush, mortally wounding Captain Giesler and Daniel H. Hooper, and wound ing three others, not mortally. Eleven of the detachment were missing, and supposed to be captured; the remainder returned to Little Rock. Captain Giesler, is said to have been a very brave man. At the battle of Prairie Grove he particu larly distinguished himself. He was a general favorite in the regiment, and possessed the qualities of a true soldier and gentleman. He died the day after he was shot, March 12th. The original term of service of the regiment having expired, it was reorganized April 16th, 1865, the companies at Little Rock being consolidated into five, and designated as A, B, C, D, and E, under command of Major Deny. Company F, still at Fort Insley, Missouri, retained its former designation ; M became G, C became H, D became I, and A, which had been since December at Fort Curtis, Missouri, became K. That portion of the regiment which was at Little Rock moved, April 21st, to Duvall's Bluff, where the cavalry depot °f the department had been established. June 3rd, they embarked for St Louis, whence they proceeded to Rolla and Springfield, 900 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Missouri. July 18th, they commenced the march to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, arriving in two weeks. This battalion, with the field and staff officers, was mastered out September 8th, and on the 14th arrived at Madison, and were disbanded. Companies F, H, I, and K were mustered out on the 29th, at Fort Leavenworth, and reached Madison October 2d. Compa nies G and L remained in service nearly a month later, and were mustered out at Fort Leavenworth. They reaehed home November 1st, 1865. The muster-out roster, as found at the adjutant general's office, was as follows : Colonel — Thomas Debet. Adjutant— WRIard Knight Quartermaster — John W. Hutchinson. Commissary — Francis Quarlis. 1st Ass'f Surgeon— WiBiam H Warner. Ttnpam /. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants A Henry M. Taylor. B William Sharpe. Henry B. Bastman. C AftertW. Aflyn. D James CampbeH. Alfred Berkley. Thomas Bntler. E Thomas O. DrinkalL F Leonard P. Lace. Qunby Loreland. G Theodore Conkey. James C. Ellis. H William T. Bayton. WiUiam W. Griffith. I Matthew Bebstein. K L Benjamin Fnflager. Fredk. A. Copeland. Marshall M. Ehle. M John M. Bernard. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,186. Gain : — / by recruits in 1863, 324; in 1864, 608; in 1865, 30; substi tutes, 18; reenlistments, 357; total, 2,523. Loss: — by death, 215; missing, 9; desertion, 126 ; transfer, 64 ; discharge, 418 ; muster-out 1,691. Colonel Barstow was mustered oat at Leavenworth, and after failing in health for some time, died there, October 14th, 1865. He had been for many years a conspicuous man in Wisconsin, and was at one time Governor of the State. FOURTH CAVALRY. The early history of the Fourth. Cavalry has been given, pages 526 to 552 ; the fell of Port Hndson, in which they were engaged, pages 662, 663. FOURTH CAVALRY. 901 July 25th, 1863, the regiment returned from Port Hud- Bon to Baton Rouge, and in September was completely equipped as cavalry, and designated as the Fourth Wisconsin Cavalry. Theodore W. Gillette was commissioned commis sary, October 26th. The two additional majors required for a cavalry regiment, were appointed the following spring. The headquarters of the regiment remained at Baton Rouge until June, 1864. During this period the regimen^ was actively employed in picketing, foraging, scouting, capturing rebels, and preserving peace, in the region lying between the Comite, Amitie, and Mississippi Rivers, extending as far south as Manchae Pass, and sometimes making expeditions ten or fifteen miles beyond the Comite. In the latter part of Sep tember, 1863, the regiment, under command of Colonel Board- man, effected a thorough reconnoissance of the country surrounding Baton Rouge, crossing the Amitie River at a point not previously reached by the Federal forces. Information was thus obtained, by means of which Lieutenant Earl, with a small force, captured seventeen rebels, including one colonel and two captains, with their horses and equipments. October 11th, Companies F and K, commanded by Captain Craigue, of Coo pany F, were detached for duty along the left bank of the Mis sissippi, from Baton Rouge to a point opposite Donaldsonville, to prevent contraband trade, protect navigation and telegraphic communications, carry dispatches, etc. In this service they captured large quantities of goods intended for the enemy, and many Confederate soldiers ; losing themselves eight men by capture, and two by wounds. October 29th, Company A was detached to perform duty as scouts, pickets, and couriers, at the post of Plaquemine, where they remained until February 3rd, 1864, when they were relieved by Company E. January 1st, 1864, the regiment reenlisted. February 4th, a detachment, under command of Colonel Boardm,an, crossed the Mississippi to Rosedale, and broke up a nest of rebels, capturing twelve, and losing two men wounded. On the 8th, Lieutenant Bush, of Company C, and two men were wounded by rebels in ambush. February 14th, Captain Keefe, with one hundred and fifty men, captured one hundred and fifty beeves, twenty mules, twelve horses, and 902 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. four prisoners, near Rosedale, and in returning to camp, on the 20th, were fired upon in the night. March 8th, Lieutenant Williams, of Company A, was killed in a skirmish seven miles from Baton Rouge, while in com mand of a scouting party of twenty men. He lived but a moment after receiving the fatal shot, uttering as his last words, "Rally, boys, rally; fight them to the last; farewell, I'm gone." His loss was deeply felt by the regiment an(i aU who knew him. He was brave, capable, efficient and faithful. In the month of April, two hundred and fifty reenlisted men went home on furlough. They were detained at Memphis by General Washburn for a time, on account of the capture.of Fort Pillow. On the 1st of May, Colonel Boardman, while upon a reconnoissance with the Fourth Cavalry and another regiment in the rear of Baton Rouge, was killed. He was struck by four balls, the last entering the brain. About the 1st of May, Companies L and M joined the regi ment. Company L had been for some time stationed at St. Louis, Missouri, and was from Milwaukee. The officers were : Henry Von Heyde, captain; Joseph Hall, first lieutenant; Albert Galoskowsky, second lieutenant. Company M was from Monroe and Portage. Michael B. Misner, captain; Washington Hill, first lieutenant; Oday W. Traynor, second lieutenant. Erastus J. Peck was appointed Major of the second bat talion, March 10th, 1864, and George W. Durgin, major of the third battalion, May 4th — thus completing the organiza tion of the regiment as cavalry. In the latter part of June, the regiment moved to Morganzia, from which place they made two expeditions to the Atchafalaya River, and returned to Baton Rouge August 9th. July 13th, the veterans were mustered out, their term of service having expired. At Baton Rouge the regiment was placed in General Lee's cavalry command, and took part in frequent raids into the country, occasionally encountering the enemy. Lieutenant Chase was wounded, and Sergeant Pygall, of Company B, mortally so, by bushwhackers, October 8th. On the 7th of November, Companies D and F, under command of Major Craigue, were detached to reestablish a post at Highland FOURTH CAVALRY. 903 Stockade, near Baton Rouge. On the 14th, the regiment was in the advance of an expedition into Mississippi, and twenty- six miles from Liberty surprised four hundred rebels, captured most of their arms, camp equipage, and stores, with fifty prisoners and twenty horses. Lieutenant Flint, of Company G, with a small "detachment, made a gallant charge upon the pickets, and captured them without alarming the camp. Four days later, Major Craigue, with four hundred men, made a forced march of fifty miles, from Liberty to Brookhaven, Mis sissippi, surprised the enemy, and captured ten officers and fifty-nine men, with a large amount of stores. After burning several Confederate store houses, they re turned to the main column at Liberty, on the 19th. On this day four hundred of the enemy attacked the detachment re maining at Liberty, and after three hours hard fighting, were driven off, eight of our men being wounded. The expedi tion reached Baton Rouge on the 21st. On the 27th, they, with eight other regiments of cavalry, the whole under General Davidson, left Baton Rouge upon an expedition to the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, with the object of keeping the forces in the vicinity of Mobile from advancing toward General Sherman. They took seventeen days' half rations, and marched through a barren and desolate region, consisting principally of pine woods and swamps, inhabited by what is there called " poor white trash." When fifteen days out, and within thirty miles of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and forty miles from Mobile, they took a southerly course, and in three days struck the coast on Mississippi Sound, at West Paseagoula, Mississippi, about one hundred and forty miles from New Orleans, having marched three hundred miles from Baton Rouge. Waiting there two weeks for transporta tion, they then embarked for New Orleans, reached that city January 3rd, 1865, and two days later arrived at Baton Rouge, after an absence of nearly six weeks, in which time they had been almost continually on duty of the severest kind. They lost but one man while out ; he died of sickness. The health of the men was good, and had been so for most of the previous two years. In 1863, but three of the entire number present with the regiment died of disease, and but twelve of those 904 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. present and absent. Very much was due to the skill and fidelity of the regimental surgeons, and much to the regard paid to health by the officers and the men themselves. The sanitary stores sent there contributed also greatly to their good health. Living as they did, so much of the time in the swamps and among the bayous of Louisiana, their general good health was remarkable. March 4th, 1865, while an expedition, under command of Brigadier General Bailey, was out near the Comite River, a scouting party belonging to the command was attacked by the enemy in ambush, and two men killed and four wounded; among the latter was Lieutenant Henry 0. Gleason, of Company B, who died on the 29th. Early in April, the regiment embarked for Mobile, near which place they remained until it surrendered. April 18th, they accompanied the movement of the cavalry corps destined to Georgia. Passing through Greenville and Troy, and cross ing the Chattahoochie River at Eufalia, they reached George town, Georgia, April 30th. The 3rd of May, they set out for Montgomery, Alabama, whence they proceeded westward to Vicksburg, Mississippi, where they arrived June 5th, having been seventy days in the saddle, with little rest. Both men and horses were nearly worn out with fatigue. Remaining at Vicksburg for three weeks, to recruit, they embarked on the 26th for Shreveport, Louisiana, which was reached July 2d. At this place, General Merritt was, fitting out an expedition, consisting of two brigades of cavalry, to march into Texas. The Fourth Wisconsin was attached to it and immediately commenced preparations for the march, which was undertaken July 8th. They reached San Antonio, Texas, August 3rd. The citizens north of Austin intensely hated the sight of Fed eral soldiers. Many declared that though the war was ended and the Confederacy destroyed, they would still hold the negroes as slaves. One negro boy, of whom an officer of the regiment asked a drink of water, replied; " My master says he will give any one of us one hundred lashes if we give a Yankee soldier a drink." As they approached San Antonio, they found a better class of people. At New Braunfels, the inhabitants were nearly all Union people. They were Ger mans, and throughout the war had stood firm for the country. FOURTH CAVALRY. . 905 Upon the arrival of Confederate troops, it was their custom, like the patriots of East Tennessee, to fly to the mountains, and with their arms defend themselves, their wives and little ones against the rebel soldiery. There was a strong Union feeling through all that section. At San Antonio, the troops were received with enthusiasm. The citizens displayed the national flag every where. Here the regiment was consolidated into eight companies ; Companies I, K, L, and M being broken up and used to fill the ranks, of the balance, and surplus officers and non-commis sioned officers were mustered out. While here, two expedi tions were sent out, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Craigue, the one to Fort Inge, the other to Fort Clarke and Eagle Pass. The latter expedition was absent five weeks, and upon its return the regiment was ordered to report to Major General Weitzel, at Brownsville. By this officer's order, the command was deployed upon the Rio Grande, from Browns ville to Laredo, a distance of about three hundred miles. The duties devolving upon the command, while so disposed, were : to prevent smuggling, protect the people, and, on the upper portion of the line, to guard against the Indians. May 10th, 1866, Captain Hall, with his company, moved rapidly northward from Laredo, forty miles, in pursuit of a party of Indians who had committed horrible murders and outrages upon white citizens. The Indians escaped across the Rio Grande into Mexico. During the same month, a detach ment under Captain Ramsay met a party of Imperial soldiers, called contra-guerrillas, as they were crossing the Rio Grande into Texas, for the purpose of crime. Refusing to halt, they were fired upon, six killed, and all their horses and equipments captured. Detachments of the regiment were occasionally sent in the performance of duty across the Rio Grande, into Mexico. The best of feeling is said to have prevailed between them and the Liberals of that country. About April 18th, 1866, the command was assembled at Brownsville, to muster out of service, which object was accom plished May 28th, and on the 3rd of June, the regiment embarked for Madison, where it arrived June 17th, and was warmly received by the State authorities. Receiving pay- 906 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ment on the 19th of June, the officers and men separated for their respective homes. General H. C. Hobart, once a captain in this regiment, says, "Among the officers of this regiment, who rose to eminence from the ranks as meritorious soldiers, and who were more than five years in the service, may be mentioned Colonel N. F. Craigue, ^Lieutenant Colonel H. B. Baker, Major J. B. Farnsworth, Major E. H. Ramsay, and Captain S. C. Mower. The last left Lawrence University, and entered the service while yet a youth." The last roster, as at the Adjutant General's office, was the following: Lieut. Colonel — Nelson F. Craigue. Surgeon — Samuel W. Wilson. Adjutant — Newton A. Chittenden. 1st AssH Surg. — William H. Harrison. Quartermaster — Samuel C. Watson. Chaplains-George W. Honey. Commissary — Theodore W Gillette. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A J. B. Farnsworth. Gilbert B. Finch. Francis N. Thomas. B H. B. Baker. Edwin D. Henry. C Henry Brooks. John G. Stock. Leon C. Bartlett. D Augustus C. Ketchum. E Joseph Hall. Dolphus E. Tixley. George W. Peck. F Samuel C. Mower. Christopher C. Coffee. George W. Pierce. G Warren P. Knowles. Jerry E. Flint. H E. A. Ramsay. Martin V. Marsh. Companies I, K, L, and M were consolidated. Lieutenant Colonel Craigue was commissioned- colonel; Captain H. B. Baker, lieutenant colonel; Captain Henry Brooks, senior major; Captain E. A. Rams6y, second major; Captain J. B. Farnsworth, third major; the first and second lieutenants of A, B, and C were promoted each one grade respectively. George W. Durgin, Jr., major of the third bat talion, was one of General Bailey's staff officers. It is said that Nathan Cole was the first man to enlist in Sheboygan County. He joined the Fourth Regiment, was sick at Fortress Monroe, left behind, and subsequently discharged. Recovering, he enlisted in the Twentieth, was captured in battle, stubbornly refused to give his parole, was recaptured by our forces, and when his shattered right arm was sufficiently restored to give the salute, entered the invalid corps, and served to the end. One of the early fallen in the war was James A, son of George W. Hart, of Waupun, a member of Company K. He LIEUTENANT EARL. 907 died of typhous fever, September 22d, 1861. His captain, H. C. Hobart, testifies that he was a good soldier, and that he never knew any improper conduct in him during his service. A noble youth ; honor him as a costly sacrifice ! One who yet suffers from an unhealed and painful wound, is L. Brazelton, of Company C, who, on September 15th, 1864, while on a scouting expedition south-east of Baton Rouge, pursued three cavalry men, who had fired upon their company, passed his comrades, took two of the rebels prisoners, and then going to the aid" of one Church, who was pursuing the third, and had been wounded in both arms, shot the third rebel's horse, and fought him as he stood with his back against a tree. They both fired at each other and missed, whereupon Brazel ton slew his adversary with his sabre. William H. Paine, of Sheboygan, a practical surveyor, enterd the corps of engineers early in 1861 ; was on the staff of McDowell, and afterward of Burnside, Hooker, and Meade to the end ; made a number of balloon reconnoissances ; was intimately connected with the business of the scouts and spies. His rank was major or more. Lieutenant I. N. Earl was left an orphan, without friends or means, at the age of eleven. He enlisted in April, 1861, at the age of twenty, in Company D, of this regiment, at Kilbourn City, and was soon appointed a corporal. He was captured in the charge on Port Hudson, May 27th, 1863, but escaped in a few days by running past the guard, junq> ing into a stream, and swimming across to his friends^ though fired at and wounded twice. He brought the most valuable information from the enemy's lines, was then detailed as special sharp-shooter, and at the close of the siege promoted, at the request of General Banks, to be second lieutenant for gallant conduct. He afterward, for some time, commanded his company with credit, and was distinguished for his impetuous bravery, frequently attacking parties of the enemy 908 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. larger than his own, and killing, capturing, or routing them before they could recover from their surprise. Upon one of these occasions, when he with eighteen men had captured twenty-eight rebels by surprising a pickeyt post, and was con ducting them triumphantly to camp, he was surrounded by a heavy force of the enemy. He released his prisoners, and ordered his men to disperse and charge the rebels by twos ; while he with one companion dashed down the road with drawn sabres. Breaking through the line, he plunged into a stream, and while swimming it, his horse was shot, and he was captured. Only one of the party escaped. Earl was placed in irons, but he made a saw of a case knife, with which he severed the fetters from his limbs, and then dug out of a strong cell and escaped. He was pursued with ,blood hounds and cap tured. He escaped again, and was retaken. The next night he filed off his irons again, siezed an axe at the camp fire, killed one man and wounded a second, and a third time escaped. He now took to the swamps, waded up and down streams so that the dogs could not track him, and at length came out at the Gulf of Mexico, near Pensacola, where he found a gunboat, the officers and crew of which treated him very kindly. He was soon with his regiment again, and engaged in scouting. He was detached, by order of General Canby, aB special scout, with a company of forty men. In five months they captured three hundred and eighty-four prisoners, and siezed public property and smuggled goods valued at $1,153,000. With sixteen men he once followed, for one hun dred miles, a company of one hundred rebels, who were guarding a heavy mail on its way from Texas to Richmond, Vir ginia. Finally discovering the ambulance containing the mail, accompanied by four officers and four soldiers, three-fourths of a mile in advance of the remainder of the escort, he charged upon them, captured the ambulance, soldiers, and officers, and took them back to Vicksburg. General Canby said it was the most important mail ever captured in his department, contain ing dispatches from Kirby Smith to the Confederate War De partment, besides fourteen battle and regimental flags, captured from General Banks on the Red River. Major Smith, one of the officers captured with the mail, was one to whom Earl, when COLONEL BOARDMAN. 909 himself a prisoner and in irons, had appealed in vain for better treatment. He now expected retaliation, and begged his cap tor not to shoot him. Earl replied that there was no danger, that Wave soldiers treat prisoners as brothers. These offi cers addressed letters to the War Department at Rich mond, begging that if Earl were ever captured he might be insured good treatment. He once escaped from a party of the enemy at a house where he had stopped, by seiz ing a little sister of one of the rebels and, holding her up before him, retreating to the edge of a swamp, where he dropped the girl and fled, November 29th, 1864, he started from Natchez, with his company, to join General Davidson on his raid through Louisiana and Alabama. In passing through Fayette, Mississippi, at nine o'clock in the evening, he was shot by a mounted rebel a few rods in advance. A wound in the face, by a buck shot, was not serious, and one in the breast was pronounced by a surgeon in Fayette not dangerous. Earl sent his- men back to Natchez, except John Hays, who remained to attend him. A party with a flag of truce was at once sent to bring in the wounded lieutenant, but the rebel commanding officer at Fayette would not allow them even to see him. Scouts afterward learned that he died in convulsions, twenty-two hours after he was wounded. He was dead When the flag of truce was in Fayette. After his death a fluid, clear and transparent as water, flowed from his wounds in large quantities, and also settled about his eyes. It is the testimony of medical men of experience that this was not the natural result of his wounds, and from all the evidence obtained, it is concluded that he was poisoned by his captors. Upon the recommendation of Major General Canby, the War Department conferred upon Lieutenant Earl the rank of brevet major, but he did not live to learn of the honor. New ton H. Culver, of Sheboygan Falls, was a scout with him, and he and General Bailey furnish the most of the foregoing information. COLONEL BOARDMAN. Federick A. Boardman was born in Fairfield, Herkimer County, New York, in March, 1832. He was grandson of the 910 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Honorable David Sherman Boardman, of New Milford, Con necticut. He was educated in the Naval School at Annapolis, Maryland, and going out in the first Japan expedition, he gained much credit as a young officer of high promise. He accompanied Bayard Taylor in his explorations of the Loo Choo Islands, and is flatteringly mentioned by him in his report and other works. At the opening of the war he enlisted as private in Captain Randolph's company of the Second Wisconsin Infantry, but was promoted to be major of the Fourth Infantry. He soon won the high respect of his associate officers and of the regi ment. When General Butler attacked Forts Jackson and St. Philip, Major Boardman, with Companies E aud G of his regiment, rendered very arduous and valuable services by making their way through Mummeet's Canal to Quarantine, thus cutting off communication between the forts and New Orleans, an account of. which exploit is given on pages 530, 531. In New Orleans he was placed in charge of the public buildings, and was appointed by General Butler as one of three commissioners to try all civil suits. This honor he de clined because of his preference for active service with his regiment. The early history of this regiment, pages 526 to 547, is itself, to a considerable extent, a record of his services. . When the formidable rebel, ram, Arkansas, ran past the Union forces at Vicksburg, Colonel Boardman was so morti fied, for his country's sake, that he applied for permission to take the transport Laurel Hill, with a picked crew, and at break of day the next morning, attempt to sink the ram. Consent was given and all things were ready, but during the night the Arkansas so changed her position as to render the endeavor utterly useless. Great credit, however, was given the Colonel for the skill of his conception and the bravery of his proposal. General St. George Cook gave Colonel Boardman command of his entire cavalry force at Baton Rouge, a short time before his death. The General testifies that in that position he per formed the most arduous duties in a highly successful manner, continually with his command feeling the enemy, and killing and capturing numbers every week. Finally, with a portion "^fesTKKw Ehqhavino Ga Chicago. COL, F.A_BQARDMAN_ MILWAUKEE CAVALRY. 911 of his force he moved in the rear of Baton Rouge, to Clinton, where it was known there were about 1,500 rebel cavalry. There, under a hot fire, with coolness but great daring, he advanced to examine and seize a bridge, when he received four wounds in succession, the last through the brain. General Cook, in a letter to General Pope, then in Milwaukee, pro nounced Colonel Boardman one of Wisconsin's gallant sons, and said : " The Colonel undoubtedly had a presentiment of his death. He came to my quarters to bid me good bye, but in other acts showed it more plainly. His body was escorted to the river with the highest military honors." Thus fell another brave and highly promising young man, a victim to treason — an offering for liberty and the land that gave him birth. One who knew him well says of him : " As an officer, Colonel Boardman was distinguished not only for his great natural military skill, but for being faithful, brave, and true in all emergencies and under all circumstances. As a friend, he was most singularly frank, generous, and confiding. As a man, none were more honorable or chivalrous." Regimental Statistics, October 1st, 1865. — Original strength, 1,047. Gain:— by recruits in 1863, 32; in 1864, 810 ; in 1865, 140 ; substitutes, 16 ; reenlistments, 260 ; total, 2,305. Loss:— by death, 350; missing, 23; desertion, 74; transfer, 2 ; discharge, 474 ; muster-out, 754. MILWAUKEE CAVALRY., This company was recruited under the supervision of Captain Gustav Van Deutsch, of Milwaukee, in July and August, 1861, and left the State for St Louis in September, where they were mustered into the United States service as an independent acceptance, on the 23rd of that month. They served a short time as body-guard to General Fremont, and were afterwards incorporated, as Company M, with the Fourth Missouri Cav alry, and served with that regiment until mustered out. Charles Lehman was the first lieutenant, and Albert Galos- kowsky the second. Their original strength was 83 ; gain by recruits, in 1863, 1 ; by reenlistments, 9. Loss not reported.' CHAPTER XIII. FIRST, TJiliO, 3I3JTH, SEVENTH, EIGHTH, NINTH, AND THIRTEENTH LIGHT ARTILLERY. ' LIGHT ARTILLERY, — Ftrtt Battery, — HISTORICAL NARKATION. — Third Battery, — ORIGIN, REVIEW, AND COMPLETION. — Stocth Battery, — REVIEW AND COMPLETION. — Seventh Battery, — REVIEW, AND COMPLETION. — Eighth Battery, — ORIGIN, REVIEW, AND CLOSE. — Ninth Battery, — FROM FIRST TO LAST. — Thirteenth Battery, — FROM BEGINNING TO END. August 20th, 1861, Governor Raddall received orders from the General Government to raise five batteries of artillery. Seven batteries were recruited in four weeks. A regimental organization was formed, but afterwards rejected by the Gov ernment, and the batteries accepted as independent organiza tions, thirteen of which were sent from Wisconsin. The refusal of the Government to accept the artillery as regiments saved the expense of field and staff officers, but wrought injus tice to the officers of the batteries, who were thus prevented from attaining a rank above that of captain, however merito rious their services, while their comrades and equals of the infantry and cavalry rose to the highest grades in the army. FIRST BATTERY. The First Battery was organized at La Crosse, under the supervisipn of Captain Jacob T. Foster, and known as the La Crosse Artillery. It rendezvoused at Racine early in October, 1861, where it was mustered into the United States service October 10th. The following was the roster on leaving the State: FIRST BATTERY. 913 Captain — Jacob T. Foster. Id Lieutenant — Alex. Cameron. 2d Lieutenant — Dan. Webster. Tun. 1st Lieutenant — J. D. Anderson. Jun. 2d Lieut. — Chas. B. Kimball. Surgeon^T William Hobbins. Albert W. Bishop was the first junior second lieutenant, but resigned October 25th, 1861. The members of the battery were from the lumbering district, and being accustomed to exposure, were well prepared to bear the hardships of army life. They remained in camp without arms, until January 23rd, 1862, when they left the State for Louisville, Kentucky, near which place they encamped and drilled with their six twenty-pounder Parrott guns, until April 3rd, when they joined an expedition under General Morgan, to Cumberland Gap. The men hauled their heavy guns by hand, with long ropes, over some qf the steep passes in the mountains, where the passage of light artillery had been pronounced impracti cable. On 'the march, Captain Foster' was appointed' division chief of artillery, and Lieut. J. D. Anderson commanded the battery. August 6th, the battery took part in a fight at Taze well, in which two impetuous charges of the enemy were repulsed. On the 16th, Cumberland Gap was invested by a force of 45,000 rebels. It was held until September 17th, the men living some of the time on quarter rations, when General Morgan evacuated the Gap. After a severe march of nearly two hundred miles, during which the troops suffered great hardships, they arrived October 3rd, at Greenupsburg, Ken tucky, where they forded the Ohio the following day, and proceeded to Portland, at which place they were refitted for the field. Leaving that place on the 25th, they joined the forces under General Cox> at Red House Landing, Virginia, and. marched up the Kanawha Valley as far as Gauley Bridge, from which point they were ordered back. At Cincinnati, they embarked to join General Sherman's army at Memphis. December 21st, they proceeded down the Mississippi, to take part in the movement against Vicksburg. Reaching the mouth of the Yazoo, they moved Up that stream ten miles, and in the evening disembarked and marched a few miles to position in line, about three miles from the rebel works on the 58 914 WISCONSIN- IN THE WAR. north-east of Vicksburg. In the ' attack on Chickasaw Hill, the battery did effective service, losing, one man mortally wounded. January 1st, 1863, Sherman withdrew the army, and moved to Arkansas Post. The conspicuous part per formed by the battery there is recorded on pages 639, 640. January 14th, the battery returned to the mouth of the Yazoo, and on the 23rd, landed and encamped at Young's Point, where they remained until March 8th, when the high water of the Mississippi compelled a removal, and they were ordered to Milliken's Bend. At Young's Point, they were complimented in orders by Major General McClernand, for their exemplary good conduct and discipline. April 5th„ the battery com menced the march to. the south of Vicksburg, crossed the Mississippi at Bruinsburg, and marched, towards Port Gibson. Their part in the battle near that place is recorded on page 645 ; at Champion Hills, page 651 ; at Black River Bridge, page 653 ; at Vicksburg, page 660 ; at the second battle, of Jackson, page 662. July 24th, they returned to Yicksburg, and went into camp. During Grant's campaign in Mississippi, the battery fired over twelve thousand rounds. Their guns were condemned at Vicksburg, being so badly worn as to be unserviceable. They were then furnished with thirty-pounder ParrOtts, and ordered' with the thirteenth army corps to the Department of the Gulf.1 They were encamped at Carrollton, Louisiana, until September 3rd When they crossed'the Mississippi to Algiers, and proceeded by railroad to Brashear City, at which place and Berwick City they remained until December, when they were ordered to New Orleans, and assigned to a position in the defenses of that city. There they were equipped as horse artillery, and armed with three-inch rifle guns. A commission appointed to inspect the quarters of all troops in New Orleans, reports this battery in the most flattering terms. The report closes thus: "A more self-sustaining, self-reliant body of men cannot be found in the United States Army." April 22d, they proceeded to aid General Banks' staggering columns, and assist in cover ing his retreat from the ill-fated Red River expedition. They participated in the engagements near Alexandria from the 2d to the 7th of May. Returning with the expedition, they THIRD BATTERY. 915 encamped at Morganzia until June 23rd, when they returned to New Orleans. In August, they moved to Baton Rouge and took part in an expedition to1 Clinton, Louisiana. In October, eighty men of the battery, whose period of enlistment, had expired, went home to be. discharged, leaving nearly as many more reenlisted veterans and recruits still in the battery. They came home by the- way of the ocean, and guarded two hundred and. eighteen rebel prisoners to Elmira, New. Yor,k. . Captain, FosteE, who had been, detached for a year as chief of artillery. on General Ord's staff, also went home, to accept the position of Lieutenant Colonel, of the First Regiment of Wisconsin Heavy Artillery. October 28th, 1864, Lieutenant Webster was commissioned captain, and remained in the service until the final discharge of the battery at the close of , the war. November 26th, they accompanied a cavalry expedition, under General Davidson, to West Paseagoula, Mississippi, marching, , three hundred miles in sixteen days. Returning to New Orleans -and, Baton Rouge, they remained at the latter place until they were ordered home, July 7th,, 1865. On the ,18th they were discharged at Milwau kee, with the following, musterrout roster : Captain— Daniel Webster. 1st Lieutenant — Osqar F. Nutting. Jun, :2d Lieutenant — E. L. Hackett. Surgeon— Henry wV Cansdell. ' ¦ '!i" ¦'"' '¦' ¦¦'< Statistics;*— ^Original strength, 155. Gain: — by recruits in 1863,17; in 1864, ;53; in ,1865, 42 > substitutes, 2; .jreenlist- . ments, 34; total, 303.; Loss: — by, death,, 22; desertion, 7; transfer, 14 ; discharge, 48; muster-out*, 212.! , THIRD BATTERY. The, Third, or " Badger Battery," was recruited in the inte rior of the State, and composed of remarkably large, athletic men. The battery was organized under the supervision of Captain L. H. Drury, a Wisconsin editor, and rendezvoused at Racine,- where it was mustered in October 10th, 1861. They left the State' for Louisville, with the First' Battery, January 23rd, 1862, with the following officers : 916 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Captain — Lu H. Drury. 1st Lieutenant — C. Livingston. 2d Lieutenant — Albert LeBrun. Jim. 1st Lieutenant — Jas. T. Purdy. Jun. 2d Lieutenant — H. F. Hubbard. Surgeon — Henry W. Cansdell. They went into a camp of instruction near Louisville, and engaged in drilling until March 10th, when they exchanged their light guns for four thirty-two-pounder Parrots, to each of which ten horses were attached, and embarked for Nashville, whence they were soon ordered to Savannah, Tennessee, to reinforce General Grant; April 19th, they moved to Pittsburg Landing. During the summer they marched ' from1 place to place in Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, and Kentucky, retiring with General Buell's forces to Louisville. Their part in the battle of Chaplin Hills is recorded on pages 609, 614. October 15th, they took part in the skirmish at Crab Orchard, where they did excellent execution. In the latter part of November, they moved to Nashville, where they remained until December 26th, when they advanced toward Murfrees boro. Their record at the battle of Stone River is on pages 622, 632, 633, 636. Early in January, 1863, Captain Drury was appointed chief of artillery on General Van Cleve's staff. The battery encamped near Murfreesboro until July, 5th 1863, when they marched to McMinnville, Tennessee, and there had little severe labor to do while picketing the , roads, keeping open communications, and occasionally scouting through the country. Upon one of their expeditions, they by mistake shot one of the bravest and best Union men in that region. .He, supposed they were Morgan's guerrillas in Federaluniform, and they supposed he was a rebeh The poor man was killed by the first Federal soldier he ever saw. The battery accom panied the army in its advance over the Cumberland Moun tains.. The account of its part at , the battle of Chickamauga is on page 687. A few days before the battle, Captain Drury was shot by a rebel sharp-shooter. The ball struck him near the centre, of his body, and lodged between two .of his. ribs, about, three inches fromrthe, spine. It, was successfully removed, and in four weeks the captain was able ito ride, on horseback, . though the Wound was at first pronounced mortal. The bat- SIXTH BATTERY. 917 tery was stationed near Chattanooga during the year 1864, furnishing details qf men and cannon for the small transports on the Tennessee River, and performing garrison duty. The men of this battery edited and printed there a spicy little news paper called the Chattanooga Citizen. In October, 1864, fifty- two men went home to be mustered out, their term of service having expired. The balance of the battery, numbering about eighty reenlisted men and recruits remained at Chattanooga until the spring of 1865, when they moved to Murfreesboro, and remained until ordered home to be mustered out. They were disbanded at Madison, July 20th, 1865, with the follow ing roster : Captain — Lu H. Drury. ' 1st Lieutenant — Hiram F. Hubbard. 2d Lieutenant — Joseph W. Wait Jun. 1st Lientenant — Henry Currier. Statistics. — Original strength, 170. Gain :— by recruils in 1863, 35; in 1864, 32; reenlistments, 33; total, 270. Loss:— by death, 26 ; desertion, 3; transfer, 4; discharge, 60; muster- out, 177. SIXTH BATTERY. The early history of the Sixth Battery is given on pages 463, 464. Their part at New Madrid and Island Number Ten is re corded on page 472 ; at the siege of Corinth, 499 ; in the sum mer of 1862, 505 ; at the battle of Corinth, where they served bravely and grandly, 517, 518, 525. Having returned from the pursuit of the enemy after the battle in November, they marched with General Hamilton's forces to Grand Junction and Moscow. In December they participated in the southward movement of General Quimby's division as far as Yocona River. The loss of supplies at Holly Springs compelled them to move north ward. January 3rd, 1863, the battery reached Buntyn Station, five miles from Memphis, where a few weeks were spent ' in guarding the railroad. Early in March they embarked, and, proceeding down the Mississippi, landed four miles below Helena, to participate in the Yazoo Pass expedition, described on pages 641 to 643. They went through the Pass upon four steamboats, and took part in the second unsuccessful attack 918 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. upon Fort Pemberton. April 9th, they returned to Helena, soon after which they reembarked for*Milliken's Bend; and on the 25th commenced the march across the peninsula to. the south of Vicksburg. Crossing the Mississippi at Bruinsburg, they moved to Port Gibson, Their record there is on page 645; at the battle of Raymond, 646 ; Jackson,, 647; Champion Hills, 651 ; at Vicksburg, 660, After the surrender they encamped in Vicksburg until Sep tember, when they were ordered to Helena, and thence to Memphis, where they were assigned to the first brigade, third division, fifteenth army corps, and, on the 6th of October pro-' ceeded by rail to Glendale, Mississippi, a distance of one hundred and five miles. From this point they marched with General Sherman's army along the line of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad to Dickson Station, Alabama ; crossed the Tennessee on the 30th, at Chickasaw, passed through Florence and Rogersville, crossed the Elk River at Fayetteville, Ten nessee, and went over the Cumberland Mountains to Chatta nooga, having marched two hundred and forty miles. Their part in the battle of Mission Ridge is recorded on page 695. They soon moved to Bridgeport, and afterward to Larkinsville, at which pla6e they were employed in guarding the Memphis and Charleston Railroad until January 7th, 1864, when they moved to Huntsville, Alabama. They were there reequipped, and supplied with six new twelve-pounder Napoleon guns. Thirty-two reenlisted men returned to the battery at that place, bringing fifty-three recruits. During March and April, one section of the battery, under command, of Lieutenant Hood, was stationed at Whitesburg, on the Tennessee River, twelve miles from Huntsville, where they were occasionally engaged with the enemy, who were on the other side, of the river. June 22d, they accompanied General Smith's division on its march to Kingston, Georgia, thirteen miles south of which place the battery took position , in a fort , commanding the bridge across the Etowah River. At the expiration of the originalterm of service, sixty-six non- veterans were mustered out, leaving two officers and ninety-six enlisted men. November 1st, twenty-three horses were trans ferred to the Twelfth Wisconsin Battery, and soon after these SEVENTH BATTERY. 919 batteries exchanged guns. November 10th, the Sixth moved to Cartersville, and thence to Chattanooga, where they turned over to the quartermaster the, remainder of their horses and equipage, and proceeded to Nashville. There they joined the reserve artillery at Camp Barry. November 29th, Captain Hood took command of the battery. In December they were supplied with horses, mules, and wagons, and during the battle at Nashville occupied Fort Gillem without participating in the conflict. January 7th, 1865, they were transferred to the reserve garrison artillery of the, Department 6f the Cumber land, and on the 12th their horses were again returned to the quartermaster. The men were now armed with muskets, and served as provost guard in Nashville. February 17th, they moved by rail to. Chattanooga, and there remained until ordered to Wisconsin for discharge. They were mustered out at Madison, July 18th, to date from their arrival on the 3rd, with the following roster, as given by the Adjutant General : Captain — James G-. Simpson. 1st Lieutenant — John Jenawein. 2d Lieutenant — Sylvester E. Sweet. Jim. 1st Lieutentant — Alba S. Sweet. Jun. 2d Lieutenant — Lucius N Keeler. i Surgeon — Clarkson Miller. Statistics. — Original strength, 157. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 18; in 1864, 63; in 1865, 1; substitutes, 2; reenlist ments, 34 ; total, 276. Loss :— by death, 29 ; desertion, 5 ; transfer, 9; discharge, 36; muster-out, 197. SEVENTH BATTERY. The early history of the Seventh Battery is recorded on page 464. Their part at Island, Number Ten is narrated on pages 472, 473, 474. After the reduction of that place, they were ordered to Union City, Tennessee, and soon afterward \o Tren- .on, where they guarded the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. July 20th, 1862, they moved to Humboldt, where they were engaged in scouring the country for guerrillas. December 1st, the battery was divided, three guns being stationed at Trenton, eleven miles north. During the raid made by Forrest on Grant's communications in December, the battery was ordered to move with all possible despatch, in light marching order, to intercept 920 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. - him. On the 20th, the enemy entered Humboldt, captur ing fifteen' men of the battery, their camp and garrison equip age, books and records, and some horses. Forrest demanded a surrender, but the garrison, consisting of thirty men of the Seventh Battery, refused. They immediately, however, began to destroy the Government property, and after they had nearly- accomplished it, mounting their horses, attempted to reach Jackson, pursued by nearly 1,000 cavalry. Fifteen succeeded in escaping to Jackson with their horses. The camp equipage and caissons at Trenton were also captured, but most of the men made their escape through woods and swamps and reached Columbus in safety. A portion of the battery participated in the pursuit of Forrest to Lexington, Kentucky. December 24th, the whole battery moved to Trenton, and again took part in the pursuit. At Humboldt, Captain Griffith resigned, and Lieutenant Lee was made captain. December 31st, while the battle of Stone River was raging, the battle of Parker's Cross Roads took place, in which one brigade engaged Forrest's entire force for seven hours. Three guns of the Seventh were exposed to the concentrated fire of ten rebel cannon, and were disabled, and all their horses killed but one, when they were charged upon and the men captured. They were shortly released, with the exception of ten men, by a gallant charge made by the Thirty-ninth Iowa Regiment. At this time the other brigade came up, and by their aid, with the other guns of the battery, the rebels were routed and pursued to the Tennessee River, leaving a large part of their artillery and 1,000 prisoners in our hands. The conduct of Lieuten ants Wheelock and Hayes in this action was highly com mended. Every man fought with great bravery. The loss of the right half of the battery is reported by the adjutant general as five killed, sixteen wounded, and ten captured, out of only forty men engaged ! The battery returned to Jackson, and remained until June 1st, 1863, when they moved to Corinth, and were then employed in garrison duty until the 31st, when they went to Memphis, on their way to Vicksburg. But- that place being captured, they were attached to the fourth brigade, fifth divi sion, sixteenth corps, and ordered to permanent garrison duty EIGHTH BATTERY. 921 at Memphis. The reenlisted men went home on furlough February 25th, 1864, and reported for duty again April 9th. The battery remained at Memphis, with the exception of two or three brief expeditions, until the close of the war. May ] st, 1864, the right section accompanied an expedition in pursuit of Forrest, returning on the 11th, after a march of 200 miles. June 1st, the: left section, under Lieutenant Hearsey, took part in a similar expedition, commanded by General Sturges, which resulted in our defeat at Gun Town. The battery lost their guns, and five men, captured, and the .retreat- was terribly severe and exhausting. Sergeant John E. Warren of Wau- watosa, was one of the prisoners, and taken to Andersonville. August 21st, Forrest made a raid into Memphis, surprised the battery, and captured all its guns before they could offer resistance. The guns were soon retaken, and turned upon the retreating rebels with effect. The Seventh lost four men killed, two wounded, and nine prisoners. A further account of the action is on pages 856, 857. In July, 1865, the battery was ordered home and mustered out of service, with the follow ing roster : Captain — Arthur B. Wheelock. 1st Lieutenant — William E. Hearsey. 2d Lieutenant — Moses Jerome. Jun. 1st Lieutenant — James H. Bridgman. Jim. 2d-Lieutenant — Jas. N. Langworthy. Surgeon — L. C. Halsted. Statistics. — Original strength, 158. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 40 ; in 1864, 50 ; in 1865, 1 ; substitutes, 3 ; reenlisfc ments 92 ; total, 344. Loss : — by death, 29 ; desertion, 9 ; transfer, 1 ; discharge, 68 ; muster-out, 237. EIGHTH BATTERY. The Eighth, or Lyon's Pinery Battery, recruited and organs ized' under direction of Captain Carpenter, of Stevens' Point, was mustered into service at Racine, January 8th, 1862. The following was the roster : : ,-, i . Captain — Stephen J. Carpenter. 1st Lieutenant — Jas. E. Armstrong. 2d Lieutenant — John D. McLean. Jun. 1st Lieutenant — Hy. E. Stiles. Jun. 2d Lieutenwij — J22 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. They left the State March 18th, and joined the forces at Leavenworth, organizing for the great south-western expedi tion. May 10th, they moved toward Fort Riley, but the expedition having been abandoned, they entered Columbus, Kentucky, June 4th. They marched thence to Humboldt, and July 9th reached Corinth. In a scouting expedition toward Jacinto, they had a sharp skirmish with the enemy August 12th, and entered Iuka the 14th. There they were transferred to the Army of the Tennessee, and two sections arrived at Nashville, September 4th. The centre section was, left at Eastport, Mississippi, and subsequently returned to Corinth, and took part in the battle there, noticed on page 519. Marching with Buell's army northward, the right and left sections arrived at Louisville on the 26th of September, and October 1st participated in the pursuit of Bragg. Their part at Chaplin Hills is recorded on pages 609, 615. In the pur suit, they shelled the enemy at Lancaster, and subsequently marched .to Nashville, where- they were joined by the centre section. Their part, in the battle of Stone River is given on pages 622, 625, 633, 636. Remaining at Murfreesboro until June 24th, 1863, they then took part in the movement of the Army of the Cumberland to the south side of the Tennessee River, and participated in the battle of Chickamauga, noticed on page 688, after which they took position in the trenches at Chattanooga. November 24th and 25th, they took part in the battle of Mission Ridge and Lookout Mountain, especially noticed on pages 695, 696. December 5th, they were ordered to Nashville, where they were newly equipped, and furnished with new guns, and assigned to the second division, artillery reserve. January 26th, 1864, eighty-two members were remustered into service as veterans. March 12th, they went home on furlough. April 25th, they reported for duty again at Murfreesboro, where the non-veteran portion of ,the battery awaited them. They were then placed in Fort Rosecrans as a garrison, where they remained until ,, ordered. home,,. , They were mustered out at Milwaukee, August 10th, 1865, paid and disbanded. Their muster-out roster was as follows : Captain-*- Henry $.. Stij.es, 1st Lieutenant — Ohadi$h.(ieri&an.,._ '. ,2$. Lieutenant— Tiers-Vf li. . Wheeler. Jinn. 1st Lieutenant— thos. B. McNair. Jun. 2d Lieutenant — Wm. 0. D. Reilly. Surgeon— A. F. St. S. Lindsfeldt. / NINTH BATTERY. , 923 Statistics. — Original strength, 161. Gain :— by recruits in 1863,2; in 1864, .90; in 1865,10; reenlistments, 66; total, 329, Loss: — by death, 25; missing, 1; desertion, 13; transr fer, 14 ; discharge, 53 ; muster-out, 2.23. NINTH BATTERY. The Ninth Battery was organized and mustered, into the United States service at Burlington, Racine .county, January 27th, 1862, and known as the Randall Battery. It remained at Racine, until March 18th, when it proceeded, in company with the Eighth and Tenth Batteries, to St. Louis, Missouri, to be equipped for active service. The following was the first roster : • Captain — Cyrus' H. . Johnson. - 1st Lieutenant — James H. Dodge. 2d , Lieutenant — John A. Edingtpn. Jun. 1st Lieutenant — :W. D. Crocker. Jun. 2d Lieutenant— Hy . A. Hicks. Lieutenant Henry A Hicks and forty-six men of the Tenth Battery were transferred to the Ninth, to complete it. Six guns, trophies from Fort Donelson, with all the munitions and equipments, were assigned to the Ninth. April 3rd, the bat tery, one hundred, and fifty-five strong, embarked for Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, where, in due time, horses were furnished, and they prepared for a march across the plains. On the 26th, they proceeded by way of Fort Kearney and Jules.- burg, to Denver City,, reaching the latter place June 2d, having marched over seven hundred miles. The country crossed was a prairie, boundless as the sea, broken only by narrow strips of woodland, skirting dry creeks. Having rested one day at Denver City, the right section proceeded to Fort Union, New Mexico, a distance of two hun dred and sixty miles, by a route hedged with sage-bushes and cactus plants, and made difficult by the passage of the Rattoon Mountains.., Soon, after, Lieutenant Crocker, with the. left section, marched to Fort ¦ Lamed, four hundred and "eighty miles, and there, remained as a garrison until. December,. 1864. July the 5th, the right section marched, for Fort Lyon, on the Arkansas River, two hundred and forty miles, at which place 924 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. it joined the centre section. These two sections remained in Colorado until April 26th, 1864, either at that Fort or Denver City, making frequent marches wherever Indians or mountain marauders threatened the peace of settlers or the destruction of public trains conveying subsistence to troops on the distant frontiers. The most noteworthy of these excursions was made by Lieutenant Edington, with one section, in June, 1863. Fort Earned, on the Pawnee Fork, in Kansas, with but a small garrison, and valuable Government supplies, was threatened by several tribes of what are known as the Plain Indians. The Lieutenant, with his section, made the march of two hundred and forty miles in three days, and received commendation for having made the quickest march in the history of the war at that date. • While at Fort Lyon, Captain Dodge, having received orders to proceed to Fort Earned, on special business, took passage with others, in a mail coach, which was overtaken by one of the severest storms known in that country for the preceding thirty-two years. The tenth day found them seventy-six miles from their destination, without food, and their animals exhausted. The captain struck out alone for the fort, and on the following afternoon was discovered some two miles from it and brought in. By his adventure, the lives of the whole party were saved. On the 26th of April, Lieutenant Hicks was appointed quartermaster and commissary at Fort Lyon, and retained that position until the following April. Captain John son having been dismissed October 21st, 1863, Lieutenant Dodge was promoted to the captaincy. In April, 1864, the battery marched to Council Grove, Kansas, where it remained as garrison of the town until August, when it moved to Fort Riley. While stationed at the Grove, detachments were con tinually escorting trains and United States mail coaches on the Santa Fe road for a distance of one hundred and fifty miles. In July, 1864, Lieutenant Edington, with one section, joined the command of Major General Curtis, at> Salina, Kansas, on an expedition against the Indians about Fort Larned. Having marched ' seven hundred miles, this section returned to duty with the battery at Fort Riley. Late in August, the Lieuteant and his section joined Major General Blunfs expedition, NINTH BATTERY. 925 marching over the same route it had just traversed; and pursu ing the hostile Indians to Smoky Hill, Colorado, where, .after a well-contested engagement, the Indians were defeated and dispersed.' Oh the 17th, 18th, and 19th 'days of July, 1863, Lieutenant Crocker and the left section, with a small support, held Fort Larried, with its large and valuable Government supplies, against the combined forces of the Indians of that locality. In October, 1864, Captain Dodge, with four guns, joined the com mand of Major General Curtis, and participated in the cam paign against Price, through Missouri and Arkansas. In the battle at Westport, the battery broke the charge of a column 6,000, steong, three successive times, and became so well known that a rphel officer, who participated in the charge, said, " the brass battery, which had made such destruction in our ranks, advancing, caused so great terror and confusion that retreat could not be avoided." In December, 1864, this portion of the battery returned from Arkansas to Fort Leavenworth, where soon after, it was joined by the other detachments, preparatory to reorganization of the veterans. After securing an entire new battery and equipments for the veteran organization, Captain Dodge and Lieutenant Hicks were, by their own request mus tered out, with upwards of fifty men. The aggregate distance marched by the battery and detached sections" during these three years, was upwards of fifteen thousand miles. The loss by death during this period of continuous marching and expo sure, in a, country where the summers are intensely- hot, and the winters are severely cold, was but six men. Their com rades erected a handsome monument at their graves, with a suitable inscription. The veteran battery was organized January 27th, 1865, and' Lieutenant Crocker promoted to the Captaincy. March 26th, Lieutenant Edington, with one section, marched to Fort Scott, where he remained until June 16th, when he received orders to report his battery at Fort Riley, a distance of two hundred! and fifty miles. In July he left Fort Riley, under orders for Fort Zarah, in Western Kansas. September 30th, the battery was mustered out at Fort Leavenworth, and arrived at Madi- 926 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. , son October- 4th, 1865; The* muster-out roster was as fol lows : Captain — Watson D. Crocker! 1st Lieutenant — John A. Edington. Jun. 2d Lieutenant — Albert Helliwell. Jun. 1st Lieutenant— Henry A. Hicks. STATiSTics.-^-Original strength, 155. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 4; in 1864, 53 ; in 1865, 6; reenlistments, 78; total, 296. Loss : — by death,. .6 ; desertion, 6 ; transfer, 1 ; discharge, 56 ; muster-out, 227. THIRTEENTH BATTERY. The Thirteenth Battery rendezvoused at Camp Washburn,, Milwaukee. Theflrst enlistments were in June, 1863. Novem ber 4th, seventy-one men and one first lieutenant were mus tered in. December 29th4 the organization was completed. January 28th, 1864, they left the State for New Orleans. The officers were : Captain-^-RiciB.A'RD R. Griffith. 1st Lieutenant — Geo. L. Cross. 2d Lieutenant— 'Wm. W. Perrine. Jun. 1st Lieutenant — A. E. Chaffee. ' Jun. 2d Lieutenant— ~W . M. Bristoll. ,. . ... i Tarrying a few- days at Memphis, they reached New Orleans February 12th; and five days afterward were sent to Baton Rouge, where they were armed with Springfield rifle muskets,, and engaged in guard and other duty: They were quartered in Fort Williams, on the river bank north of the city. In the fort was a good library of historical and religious books, to which they had access. The battery had under its charge at this time five "twenty-four'-ponnder guns, and one thirty-twb- pouiider. June 17th, they were 'detailed for provost duty in Baton Rouge, and July 7th were relieved, to take charge off seven, barbette guns in the northern part of Fort Williams. Three days later, they were completely equipped as light artil lery, taking the guns, horses; wagons,- mules and full equip- mentsof the First Vermont Battery, whose term of service had expired. Their guns were four three-inch rifled Rodmans (iron pieces), and two twelve-pounder Napoleons. July 15th, THIRTEENTH BATTERY. 927 they marched out of the fort, into a camp, and parked their guns. August 4th, the right and left sections, under command of Captain Griffith, marched with a body of cavalry, seven miles south, to Highland Stockade, in anticipation of an attack upon that post. The centre section remained in camp, under command of Lieutenant Perrine, with the horses harnessed ready for instant action, as a heavy attack upon Baton Rouge was momentarily expected. . August 17th, Captain Griffith was dangerously wounded by an accidental shot from a pistol in the hands of a sergeant, who was also slightly wounded. Lientenant Perrine was now the only officer remaining for duty, Lieutenants G. L. Cross and A. E. Chaffee being under arrest, and Lieutenant Bristoll being on detached duty. The '""'two former lieutenants were subsequently dismissed from the service. March 9th, 1865, one section of the battery consisting of the twelve-pounder guns, under command of Lieutenant Perrine, accompanied an expedition to Clinton, Louisiana, where they remained until the 20th, Lieutenant Perrine being detailed as provost marshal of the place. They were soon after reduced for want of numbers to a four-gun battery. July 6th, they embarked at Baton Rouge for home, arrived at Mil waukee on the 12th, and were entertained at the Soldiers' Home Fair. On the 20th, they were paid and discharged. Lieutenant Bristoll was appointed post ordnance officer, with important trusts, first at Baton Rouge, and then at New Orleans, where he was retained in the service until July, 1866 The muster-out roster was the following : Captain — Richard R. Griffith. 1st Lieutenant — William W. Perrine. 2d Lieutenant — Frank Fox. Jun. 1st Lieutenant — Wm. M. Bristoll. Jun. 2d Lieutenant — David Rinder. Statistics. — Original strength, 156. Gain : — by recruits in 1864, 22 ; in 1865, 10 ; total, 188. Loss :— by death, 14 ; missing. 1 ; desertion, 25 ; transfer, 3 ; discharge, 39 ; muster- out, 106. PART V. EASTEEN DEPAETMENT— LATEE fflSTOEY. FEOM GETTYSBTJEGr AND ATLANTA TO EICHMOND. 59 I. GOVERNOR LEWIS AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. II. FROM THE WILDERNESS TO PETERSBURG. III. SHERMAN'S GREAT MARCH. IV: RICHMOND'S FALL AND LEE'S SURRENDER. V. SECOND, SIXTH, SEVENTH, THIRD, FIFTH, TWELFTH, SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, EIGHTEENTH, AND NINETEETH INFANTRY. VI. TWENTYFIRST, TWENTY- SECOND, TWENTY FIFTH, TWENTY-SIXTH, THIRTY-FIRST, THIR TY-SECOND, THIRTY-SIXTH, THIRTY-SEVENTH AND THIRTY- EIGHTH INFANTRY. VH. FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY; SECOND, FOURTH, FIFTH, TENTH, ELEVENTH, AND TWELFTH LIGHT ARTILLERY ; IN OTHER STATES ; AD- DENDA. Vni. PRISONS, LEGISLATION, OFFICIALS, SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES, HOSPITALS, HOMES, COM MISSIONS. IX. THE ROLL OF THE DEAD. X. ANALYTICAL INDEX. ^^bat EtrenAvma co. cta<*tO' '(^2^^^^ X "t^^2^ GOVERN"OR OP'WrSCONam 1864-5. ENGRaVED EXPEE3SLY FOR "WISCONSIN IN THE WAR OF THE BEBELUOH . CHAPTEE I. GOVERNOR LEWIS AND HIS ADMINISTRATION. INAUGURAL ADDRESS, RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE LEGISLATURE, EARNEST SUPPORT OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT, FORMATION OF REGIMENTS, FILLING THE QUOTAS OF THE STATE, ATTENTION TO THE SOLDIERS, ADJUSTMENT OF CLAIMS, CONSTITUTIONAL AMEND MENT, — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. James T. Lewis was inaugurated Governor of the State of Wisconsin on the 4th , of January, 1864. He was the eighth person who had .received that honor. - In his inaugural address; he pledged himself to usee no patronage for a reelection, to administer the government without prejudice or partiality, to observe economy, to promote .agriculture and the arts, to incul cate morality ,r to foster education and benevolence, and emphatically, to employ all his executive-power to suppress the rebellion and terminate the war. v Having previously served as lieutenant governor and secretary of state, he was well acquainted with the duties of his new office, and entered upon them with ease and vigor. In his first annual message, he made suitable allusion to those who withheld their support from the National Adminis tration in the prosecution of the war, and who favored the with drawal of our troops from the field of conflict with treason, and while fitly condemning their course, as tending to the destruction of the Government, he treated the subject in a mode calculated to allay the fears and disarm the prejudices of that class of persons. But whatever the conduct of some, he declared, as the representative head of the State, that the rebel lion must be suppressed, that the Union must stand. Feeling the importance of a strong military organization at home, on account of the late draft riots, and the Indian mas- 930 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. sacres in a neighboring State, and having an unfaltering deter mination to aid the General Government in the prosecution of the war, he recommended the legislature to adopt a more effi cient militia system. And forecasting the future, he advised incorporating a provision for military instruction in the act establishing a State Agricultural College. In his second annual message, he plead for an untiring pros ecution of the war until its object should be accomplished, and said of the chief magistrate, President Lincoln : " Few will be found, I think, who have the hardihood at this day to deny the integrity of the pilot now at the helm of the nation." He added, concerning Wisconsin : " Amid the gloom which has surrounded the nation, our noble State has never faltered. She has always and promptly responded to the call of the General Government. There could be no mistaking the feel ings of her people. Their votes and their sacrifices have declared that they stand by the Union. Their bullets and their ballots have always pointed in the same direction." During the first year of his administration, 1864, the Presi dent made the following calls for troops : February 1st, for 500,000; March 14th, for 200,000; July 18th, 500,000; December 19th, 300,000,— a total of 1,500,000. Previous to his inauguration, the formation of regiments had gone forward until the Thirty-fifth Infantry was half filled. Governor Lewis devoted himself assiduously to furnish the quotas of the State by volunteers. The Thirty-fifth was soon completed and sent to the front, and two companies were recruited for the Fourth Cavalry, and five for the Sixteenth Infantry. The Thirty-sixth Infantry was filled in thirty days, and the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth soon after. In April, Governor Lewis tendered to the President 5,000 infantry troops for the term of one hun dred days, which called into existence the Thirty-ninth, Forti eth and Forty-first regiments. Under the call of July 18th, the infantry regiments from the Forty-second to the Fifty-first inclusive, were organized and sent to the field, — all for the term of one year. By special authority obtained from the war department, the battalion of First Heavy Artillery was recruited to a maximum regiment of twelve companies, and three companies were recruited for the Twenty-ninth United • GOVERNOR LEWIS. 931 States Colored Troops. Adding to the foregoing many recruits sent to old organizations, and 6,000. veteran reenlist ments, the total number of troops raised in the State from Jan uary 4th, 1864, to April 30th, 1865, was 38,618. Governor Lewis gave special attention to the comfort and wants of Wisconsin soldiers in the field, repeatedly visiting camps and hospitals, and he once made a circuit of inspection, first at the east, then southward along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf, then up the Mississippi. He obtained from Surgeon GeneralBarnes special orders for the transfer of all Wisconsin soldiers to hospitals in their own State, a privilege not before granted to any other governor. The Harvey Hospital at Madi son was enlarged, and the General Hospitals at Milwaukee and Prairie du Chien were established, through his instrumentality. He also aided in the establishment of the Soldiers' Orphan's Home in Madison. By his personal efforts mainly, he obtained from the General Government various credits for soldiers fur nished, which had not before been acknowledged — at. one time a credit of nearly 5,000. A revision of the enrollment procured by him, reduced thequota from 19,-032, to 15,341. He was espe cially successful in securing claims of the State against the United States, — in all nearly $500,000. At that time, Wiscon sin had received payment of a larger proportion of its war claims than any other State, and on account of these adjustr ments, the State tax for 1865 was reduced, it is said, several hundred thousand dollars. In a message to the legislature^ January 1st, 1866, he states that he had not found occasion, during his administration, to use any part of the military con tingent fund, and that, at his request, the previous legislature did not vote the usual appropriation of $5,000 as a general, contingent fund for the use of the executive, — an evidence that he intended an economical use of the public funds. In February, 1865, he submitted to the legislature the pro posed Constitutional Amendment, abolishing slavery in the United States, and in his message said : " Upon its adoption hangs the destiny of nearly four millions of human beings, and it may be, the destiny of the nation. I trust, and doubt not, the Legislature of Wisconsin will record its decision firmly, and I hope unanimously, in favor of the amendment. 932 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Let us wipe from our escutcheon the foul blot of human slavery, and show by our action that we are worthy the name of freemen." He early made announcement that he should not be a candi date for reelection, and the Union Nominating Convention of September, 1865, passed resolutions expressing their cordial approbation of his administration, complimenting him for his fidelity, zeal, economy, and untiring watchfulness in protecting the interests of the State, rendering their gratitude for his unremitting efforts to aid and cheer the soldiers in the field and in hospitals, and for his kindness to their families at home, and earnestly asserting his unwavering support of the National Administration in its efforts to put down the rebellion. Governor Lewis was born in Clarendon, Orleans County, New York, October 30th, 1819. He received his academical education at Clarkson and Clinton, New York, and read law with Governor Seldon, at Clarkson. He came to Wisconsin in July, 1845, was admitted to the Supreme Court, and com menced the practice of law at Columbus, where he has since resided. He has held eight different public offices in the State, commencing with that of district attorney, and closing with that of governor. When elected Secretary of State, he received every vote cast in Columbus; when elected Gover nor, his majority was nearly 25,000 — the largest ever cast in Wisconsin for any person for that office. It is a noteworthy fact for youth, that James T. Lewis was first distinguished in the district school of his father's neighborhood ; next his name spread to surrounding districts; then he was a prominent young man of the town, and soon of the county ; thus he commenced his ascent very young, and went forward step by step, until he was governor of one of the States of this great American nation. CHAPTEE II. FROM THE WILDERNESS TO PETERSBURG. SECOND, FIFTH, SIXTH, SEVENTH, NINETEENTH, THIRTY-SIXTH, THIRTY- SEVENTH, ANI> THIBTY-EIGHTH BEGIMENTS, AND FOURTH BATTERY. — POTOMAC ARMT, — Battles of the Wilderness amid Spottsylvania, — SHERMAN'S RAID, — BUTLER UP THE JAMES, — Battles of North Anna, Cold Harbor and Petersburg, — EXPLOSION OF THE MINE, — Battles of Weldon Railroad and Beams' Station,— Battles of Fair Oaks and Hatcher's Bun. — Peril of Washington 1m 2864.— BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICE OF GENERAL H. E. PAINE. The next great campaign at the east, subsequent to the battle of Gettysburg, was that of Grant from the Wilderness to Petersburg. In the spring of 1864 the Army of the Poto mac was reorganized under General Meade, and reduced to three corps, thefifth, second, and sixth, under Warren, Hancock, and Sedgwick, respectively. The ninth corps, composed In part of colored troops, under Burnside, also took part in this contest. Lee's army consisted of three corps, under Long- street, Hill, and Ewell. In the two armies there were nearly 250,000 men. Grant's design was not merely to capture Rich mond, but to break the military power of the rebellion. While therefore he marched toward Richmond, he designed that Sigel should move up the Shenandoah Valley and take Lynchburg, and that Butler should enter and hold Petersburg. BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS. Early on the 5th of May Warren engaged the enemy near Mine Run. At noon he made a vigorous attack on Ewell's corps and drove him back. But want of roads and the dense- ness of the thicket prevented Sedgwick from coming into position by the side of Warren, and Ewell, by a desperate effort, drove back, Warren in turn. Hancock, early in the 934 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. afternoon, attacked Hill's corps. The battle raged furiously all day, and for three hours in the afternoon through nearly our whole line. The results of the day were in the enemy's favor, but Grant ordered an attack at five o'clock the next morning, and the terrific struggle went on until darkness at night brought a cessation. The morning of the 7th showed that Lee had fallen back within his intrenchments, which indicated that he thought it not safe to fight outside of them any longer, and Grant moved at once to place his army between the enemy and Richmond, flanking Lee's right. The Iron Brigade, commanded by General L. Cutler (not Cutter, as stated by the American Cyclopcedia), which was the first brigade of the fourth division, General Wadsworth, fifth corps, General Warren, formed in line of battle on the morn ing of May 5th, 1864. The Second Regiment was on the right of the Seventh, which was in the front line on the left of the brigade. The Sixth was held in reserve. The brigade was soon ordered forward by companies through thick under brush and pine woods nearly a mile, when at noon they struck the rebel line in position, covered by the heavy growth of timber and brush; their line of skirmishers being advanced but a few paces from their main line. When within forty paces the rebels opened a deadly fire, but it was returned with such effect as to throw them into confusion. The brigade now charged with the bayonet, and drove the rebels to their second line, which was also routed. Corporal George A. Smith, of Company H, Seventh Regiment, captured the battle flag of the Forty-eighth Virginia. The fire of the brigade strewed the ground with dead and dying rebels. The enemy being reinforced by Hill's corps, and the Federal line on the left giving way, the brigade received a flank attack and were driven back in disorder, but without panic, a mile and a half to their first position. Their line was reformed, and at six in the evening, the brigade moved to the left to support the second corps, which had sustained a severe attack. At dark they moved up to within fifteen rods of the rebel lines, and there lay upon their arms through the night. The battle being renewed at daylight on the 6th, they took part in the grand charge upon Hill's corps in their front, forcing it back until BATTLE OF THE WILDERNESS. 935 Longstreet with his corps and the rebel artillery arrived. As the position of the ground prevented the Federals from using their artillery, they were compelled, to fallback to the line they had occupied during the night. Two further attempts they made to advance their left, but failed. Then the rebels massed their forces and assaulted the Federals with great fury, but were repulsed with terrible slaughter. In the third advance upon the enemy General Wadsworth was killed, and the com mand devolved upon General Cutler, Colonel Robinson, of the Seventh, taking command of the brigade. Captains Hoyt and Hobart, of the Seventh Regiment, were wounded on the 5thj and the latter taken prisoner. Rev. S. W. Eaton, Chaplain of the Seventh, says that when they started from Culpepper, General Wadsworth said, " If any man doubts that we are going to Richmond this time, I doubt his loyalty." The Fifth Wisconsin was early engaged in this battle, and on the first day, when the rebels were forcing back our left, Companies D and G, commanded by Captains White and Hilton, attacked their flank and captured the Twenty-fifth Virginia, with its colors- At the close of the second day the enemy turned the flank of the sixth corps, and the fifth, with the sixth Maine, saved our army from, serious loss.' Major Enoch Totten was in command of the fifth, and "by his per sonal bravery and iron will, the tide of disaster was really stopped." The regiment lost on the first day, says the Adju tant General, one hundred and four killed and wounded, and on the second, thirty-eight. Captain Rollin P. Converse, of Company B, Sixth Wis consin, was mortally wounded in this battle, May 5th, 1864, fell into the enemy's hands, and died two days afterward. He was a young man of great gallantry and bravery ; rich in all noble qualities of manhood, dear to a large circle of friends,, and greatly beloved by his men. 0 The Berdan Sharp-shooters (Company G being from Wis-, consin), were now connected with the second, Hancock's corps, and took part at the front in this battle, and as skirmishers often held exposed positions. In an action on the 8th,. Lieu tenant P. C. Judkins, serving as a staff officer, while bravely encouraging the troops to hold their ground, fell mortally wounded. 936 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. .1 The Federal loss in the battle of the Wilderness was, 8,288 killed, 19,278 wounded, 6,784 prisoners, and twenty-two guns ; the Confederate loss, 3,500 men killed, 16,000 wounded, and 8,400 prisoners. BATTLES OF SPOTTSYLVANIA. On the night of the 7th both armies began to move toward Spottsylvania Court House. The Fifth (Warren's) corps took the most direct route on the Federal line, and marched all night. But the rebels had a shorter way and arrived there first. They then sent out a force to meet Warren and hinder his progress. On the 8th a battle was fought on "Alsop's Farm," about three miles from Spottsylvania, between Warren's and Longstreet's corps, and the Iron Brigade was brought into conflict near Laurel Hill. Having halted at ten in the morn ing to prepare breakfast, they were suddenly ordered into line of battle under fire of the rebel artillery, the Sixth Regiment on the right of the brigade front, and the Seventh on the left. They at once advanced to assault the enemy's intrenchments. A severe contest ensued, in which the brigade was first driven back half a mile, when they rallied, and again moving forward drove the rebels back to their former position. They then took a strong position within sixty rods of the enemy's works, and fortified and held it, notwithstanding several attempts to dislodge them. Each of the following three days witnessed repeated attacks upon them and by them. On the morning of the 12th the brigade (except the Second Regiment, which was permanently detached on the 11th,) again participated in an unsuccessful assault upon the rebel works, soon after which they moved three miles to the left to support the second corps, which had gallantly carried an important part of the enemy's line in the charge of the morning. Here, upon the right of General Hancock's troops, they stood in the deep mud, and kept up a constant fire to protect those who were at work on the fortifications. Their muskets becoming foul, details of men were sent to wash them, while their comrades went on with the firing. The men in many cases became so weary from their nearly incessant labors for four days and nights, that they dropped down in the mud and slept under the enemy's fire, notwithstanding every effort made by their BATTLES OF SPOTTSYLVANIA. 937 officers to keep them awake. Early the next morning tlie brigade was relieved and marched back to position near Laurel Hill. The Fifth Regiment also moved to Spottsylvania on the 8th, engaged two days in rifle pits, and on the evening of the 10th, in the second line charged upon a rebel battery and line of rifle pits. The front line gave way, and the second charged through them and took the enemy's works, but owing to a lack of support were obliged to abandon them, having lost seventy in killed and wounded. Sergeant-Major James R. Strong, bravely fighting, fell mortally wounded. On the 9th, while General Sedgwick was posting some guns, and his men were dodging the bullets, he laughingly. exclaimed, " Pooh, men ! they couldn't hit an elephant at that distance !" when immediately a ball pierced his face, just below the left eye, and with a serene smile he fell dead. He was a thorough and skillful officer, and excellent man, greatly respected and beloved. General H. G. Wright succeeded to the command of the sixth corps. On the 10th, the battle raged along the whole line, and General Rice, having just rallied his hesitating troops with the assurance that God would take care of them, himself fell among the slain. On the 11th, General Grant reported to Secretary Stanton the results of the sixth day of heavy fighting, and closed with the ever-ringing words, " I propose to fight it out on this line, if it takes all summer." On the 12th, the armies fought fourteen hours ; the Fifth Wiscon sin eight hours, and having expended all their ammunition, they held their position with the bayonet until dark. In this battle, Captain Joseph Cook, of Company I, and a few men, seized a rebel cannon, and fired it upon the enemy as long as ammunition lasted. They lost three, but by the first discharge, surprised the rebels with a flank fire, and killed and wounded forty-six, as rebel prisoners afterwards stated. Private James Powers, of Company D, a member of the regi mental temperance society, was wounded through both hips, and in the hospital persistently refused to take stimulants and recovered. Alvah Burgess, in attempting to seize a rebel flag on the breast-works, was thrown upon the rebel side, and lay in the ditch several hours a prisoner. At night he persuaded 938 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. a few rebels to desert, and they escaped to the Federal lines. The sharp-shooters served as flankers in the advance on Spottsylvania, and participated in the brilliant charge of the second corps, which resulted in the capture of three thousand prisoners, two generals, two lines of works, and eighteen. cannon. The Thirty-sixth Regiment, having just entered the field, arrived near the battle ground on the 17th, and the following day served as reserve. On the 19th, they joined the first bri gade, second division, second corps. The Federal loss in the battles at and near Spottsylvania Court House were, 2,296 killed, 9,086 wounded, and six hun dred and six prisoners ; the Confederate, 4,000 killed, 15,500 wounded, 6,000 prisoners. The Union loss from the opening of the campaign — the crossing of the Rapidan, to May 12th, was, killed, two hundred and sixty-nine officers and 3,019 enlisted men ; wounded, 1,017 officers and 18,261 men ; missing, one hundred and seventy- seven officers and 6,667 men, — a total of 29,410. While the army was at Spottsylvania, General Sheridan made a raid upon the enemy, destroying a large amount of property, recapturing four hundred of our men, defeating the rebels, and carrying the first line of works around Richmond. Meantime, General Butler moved up the James River, took possession of City Point and Bermuda Hundred, arid should have taken Petersburg, and perhaps Richmond. But delaying from the 6th to the 13th, Beauregard concentrated his forces and prevented further advance. The Nineteenth Wisconsin was in the third brigade, first division of Butler's, the eighteenth corps. Colonel Sanders commanded the brigade, and Lieutenant Colonel Strong, the regiment. They moved to Point of Rocks and intrenched. May 12th, Companies A, C, D, E, and F advanced upon Drury's Bluff and Fort Darling, aided in carrying the first line of the rebel works on the 14th, on the 16th lost twenty-five killed and wounded in driving the enemy from a piece of woods, and then returned to Point of Rocks. June 17th, they participated in General Turner's raid on the Petersburg and Richmond Railroad. BATTLES OF NORTH ANNA. 939 The Fourth Wisconsin Battery was also attached to General Butler's forces. May 9th, they took position near Fort Clif ton, at the junction of Swift Creek with the Apomattox River, and silenced the rebel guns of the fort in less than half an hour. On the 14th, they engaged the enemy all day, near Drury's Bluff, and on the 16th, retired to Bermuda Hundred. BATTLES OF NORTH ANNA. After May 12th, the Federals maneuvered and awaited rein forcements until the 19th, when General Ewell attacked our right, but was repulsed with heavy loss. On the night of the 21st, Grant began to flank the enemy again on. our left. The next halting-place of the two armies was at the North Anna River, which, by a shorter route, the enemy reached first, and posted themselves on the south side of the stream. Fighting was almost the daily employment. The Iron Brigade crossed the North Anna at Jericho Ford in the afternoon of the 23rd, moved a mile from the river, and went into line of battle, the Sixth on the left of the brigade, and the Seven tli, next to it. Before the line was formed, they were attacked in front and flank and driven half a mile, when, being reinforced by two batteries, the brigade rallied and renewed the fight, which raged hotly for two hours. The rebels were finally broken up and fled from the field. For their Bteadfast and heroic bravery in this battle the brigade was highly complimented by superior officers of the army. Companies H aud K, of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, were ordered, on the 26th, to charge a line of rebel works, which they took, losing two killed, twelve wounded, and one cap tured. That night, they withdrew across the North Anna. On the next day, a shell killed three and severely wounded four men of Company A. On the 23rd, the sharp-shooters were posted in rifle pits, and protected the bridge, and covered the passage of troops over it After the stream was crossed and the rebels driven half a mile, Lieutenant Stevens and forty men were sent forward to capture some buildings close to the rebel line. This was gallantly done, and the buildings held until late in the evening, when they were relieved after their ammunition was exhausted. 940 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. BATTLES OF COLD HARBOR. The enemy's intrenchments south of the North Anna were stronger than any before encountered, and General Grant withdrew to the north bank, on the night of May 26th, and flanked Lee again at our left. The next conflict was at Cold Harbor. There General W. F. Smith's command, of the eighteenth (Butler's) corps joined General Grant. These troops and the sixth corps, attacked the enemy at five on the evening of June 1st, and carried his first line of works. The rebels made assaults' on other parts of our line, and in the night attempted to regain their first line, but were severely repulsed. June 3rd, another powerful attack was made on the enemy, with the hope of driving him from his position, but without success, our loss being severe and the enemy's light. The Iron Brigade advanced on the night of June 1st, to within four hundred yards of the rebel works near Cold Har bor, where they remained until the evening of the 5th, exposed day and night to artillery and musketry fire. June 1st, the Fifth Regiment arrived at Cold Harbor, " bare footed, ragged, and almost exhausted with fatigue and lack of sleep," and advanced to charge the enemy's works, capturing the intrenchments, with a number of prisoners. During the night they threw up slight works with their bayonets and tin plates, and were constantly exposed to the fire until the even ing of the 12th. Companies B, E, F, and G, of the Thirty-sixth Regiment, commanded by Captain Warner, were ordered forward as skir mishers at four in the afternoon of June 1st, near the Tolo- patomy Creek. The enemy occupied a strong line of works, with guns mounted one hundred rods in front, to reach which it was necessary to cross an open field. These four companies advanced at double quick. The line to the right and the left of them, although composed of veterans, soon gave way and fell back, but the skirmishers of the Thirty- sixth pressed for ward under a most terrific fire of grape and musketry from the front, and an oblique fire from the right and left concentrated upon them. Still they advanced, a portion of them passing over the enemy's works. The rebel divisions which were severely pressing the Federal left, were rapidly brought to thi( BATTLES OF COLD HARBOR. 941 point, which enabled the troops on the left to maintain their line. Of the two hundred and forty men who so gallantly advanced to this charge, one hundred and forty were killed, wounded, or captured. Captain Burwell, of Company F, was mortally wounded and taken prisoner. He was a brave and efficient officer. The six other companies lost about fifty men wounded. The regiment marched all night, and arrived at Cold Harbor the next morning. In the advance on the 3rd, they moved from the rear to the the front of the brigade. The brigade commander being killed, Colonel Haskell assumed command, and was also soon shot dead, having just commanded his men to lie down to escape the scathing fire that was fast sweeping them away. He was a gallant soldier, and an accomplished scholar. A.dju- tent Benjamin D. Atwell was severely wounded, and Lieuten ant William H. Lamberton, of Company B, was killed while assisting the men of Company E, whom he at the time com manded, in constructing a slight work for protection. The regiment remained on the field until dark, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Savage. Their loss was three officers and seventy men killed and wounded. Taking position to the left in the evening, about forty rods from the rebel lines, they occupied the four following days in strengthening the works. June 8th firing was'suspended and the dead buried, of whom four hundred were buried in front of the Thirty-sixth. The Thirty-seventh Regiment joined Burnside's (the ninth) corps at Cold Harbor, June 11th. Companies A, B, C, and D, of the Thirty-eighth Wisconsin, were assigned to the same corps, and on the 12th were under fire in the trenches, losing two men killed. June 3rd the sharp-shooters were engaged in the front of Gibbon's division. The Union loss in the battle of Cold Harbor and vicinity, June 1st to 6th were 1,705 killed, 9,042 wounded, 2,406 pris oners; the rebel loss, 1,700 killed, 8,500 wounded, 1,500 prisoners. The wounded from May 5th to June 10th were : Second Regiment. — Lieutenant Colonel Mansfield and Major William L. Parsons, both taken prisoners. Company A — Corporals Lewis P. Norton and Richard J' Lester. Privates : Milo 0. Bennett, Robert Branton, Fred. L. Phillips, William H. Thomas* and Peter Dorn.* Company B — Sergeant Robert W. Burns, Corporal 942 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Jacob Markle. Privates : George W. Courrier, Thomas B. Rand, Edward D. Weeks and William B. Williams. Company G— Captain G. W. Gibson, Sergeant George W. Fritz,* Corporal W. Snodgrass. Privates : James Snodgrass, J. W. Hyde, Andrew J. Adams, Frederick Wion, Mathias Baker, W. Frawley, , John Doyle, William Lean, Lewis Bidler* and H. Horlocker.* Company D— Lieutenant William A. Jameson, Corporal Charles H. Cheney.* Privates : Luther M. Hayes, A. Z. Eager, 0. A. Triddle, Samuel Elliott, ¦ Fernando 0. Eldred,* Alexander Spencer* and Eri C. Marsh.* Company E — Lieutenant H. B. Harshaw. Privates ': Philip Smith, Edward Mqscrid, Francis Doyle and Gilman Cleodedin. Company F — Sergeant William J. Bradshaw, Corporal Lorenzo D. Coombs. Gompany G — Pri vates : Henry Williams, G. A. Lupient, Dudley Bracey, Michael Kane, Charles Allen, Charles P. Austin and Melvin W. Hartman. Company B— Sergeant T. S. Peck, Corporal W. L. Black. Privates : Ole Strand, Francis Cole, James H. Smith and James E. Northrup.* Company ^-Privates : Otis E. Evans, Frederick Holts, Walter P. Smith, G. W. Williams, Michael Kentner, Samuel R. Whitehead, Michael Walsh* and Ellis C. Taylor.* Company JT— Sergeant Peter Schneider, Corporal Henry Powles. Privates : Jacob Hoesly, Rudolf Zentner, Robert Mason, William Mugler, Tridolin Klaisi and Henry M. White — 73. Sixth Regiment. — Gompany A — Second Lieutenant Howard J. Huntington, Ser geant Wm. Sayre. Privates : James Whitty, Cyrus Macy, Jarvis R. Hall, Walter S. Devlin, Ebenezer Dawley, Frank Graham, William Palmer, B. Pointon, Archy Long and A. F. Jensoh. Company B — Sergeants M. V. Smith and Henry Smiser, Corporals L. J. Loudluff and Frank Howe. Privates : Richard Fielding, Albion Cu'mmings, L. C. Hale and Lloyd Colby. Company G— Sergeant N. S. Bull, Corporal James Sykcs. Privates : A. R. Sprague, Frederick Ammon, Christian Ammon, Peter Adrian, Charles H. Clay, Peter George, B. B. Morris, Alexander Turk, Charles N. Totman, W. Wallin, Ambrose M. Young, Jesse Adams, Julius Wieman, Lester Martin and Stanley Vanderwalker. Company D — Captain Thomas Kerr. Privates : Moses Decker, Peter Boswine, Charles A. Dathe, Thomas Fitzgerald and Larry O'Neil. Company E — Sergeant N. H. Patten. Privates : George D. Eggle- •itine, John Weymer, W. Smith, Alfred Root, William H. Rowe and Edwin C. Jones. Company .?— Sergeant August Gehbe. Privates : Henry Brekerer, George Fink, Andrew Job, John Lauderman, Philip Schardt, Joseph Schmidtz, Peter Roland, Philip Stanmitz, Joseph Huderf and Jacob Mueller. Company G — Second Lieutenant John Timmons, Sergeant Russel Harris, Corporals James Avery and Allen Rieker. Privates t Barnard Ohrister, John Kilmartin, Peter Sweeney and James W. Webb. Company H— First Lieutenant Joh» Beebe, Corporals Isaac Gillespie 0. Harding and August Scherlitz. Privates : John Keller, John Jenson, John Herdig, John Borsch and Henry Welman. Company 7— Sergeant W. H. Hockabout, Corporals J. S. Driggs, William S. Cushing and Ichabod B. Hill. Pri vates : Gilbert L. Allen, Nathan Birchell, Hiram M. Richardson, Isaac W. Roberts, John C. Barry, Harman Cole, John 0. Moody, Edward Willard, John C. Campbell, Abraham Searles,. David Lind, John W. White and John D. Oliver. Company K — Captain W. N. Remington, Sergeant Andrew Gallop, Corporals James L. Barney and Thomas Ellsworth. Privates : Amasa A. Davis, James H. Rhodes, Joel W. Ranney, John Kennedy, Thomas Flynn, George Downing, Samuel tongyear, E. Cupernell, J. W. Knapp and William Garland — 110. Seventh Regiment. — Lieutenant Colonel Mark Finnicum, Adjutant Samuel H. Phillips, Sergeant Major Russell L. More. Company A — Captain James Johnson, Second Lieutenant Ole Grassly, Sergeant Thomas J. T. Buchanan, Corporals Albert O'Connor, Thomas Strange way,, Louis Mishlaerand Herbert Lull. Privates : John. H. Brown, Charles K. Brown, J.'D. Sharp, Rudolph Schwanenberg, Samuel Bach- man, John Bascom, Marcus M. Burke, Orson C. Bell, Batles Barth, W. Coughlen, G. W. Donaldson, C. Elthorp, John Gilmore, T. H. Grist, L. Haskins, W. Hamilton, August Kerst, Jacob More, A. H. C. O'Connor, 0. J. Pool, G. D. Phiuey, J. M. King, David Storm, H. C. Turner and Joseph Walker. Company B — Captain M. C. Hobart, Lieutenant Charles E. Weeks, Sergeant .Charles C. Spalding, Corporals Spencer Brownson, Charles Walker and W. B. Ingalls. Privates : John J, Blow- ess, John Bissell, Albert Butler, James Cunningham, Julius Englikee, John 'Hilton, A. Hoyses, Daniel Jennings, John Pulver, Warren Thomas and Thomas Hand ?Wounded and missing. LIST OF WOUNDED. 943 Company Cf— Second Lieutenant J. H. Holcomb, Sergean- H. Rowsy, Corporal J. S. Stout. Privates : D. Augustine, Oolistus G. Bell, J. C. Bold, Henry Curtis, John Gilliam, William Haney, James Hudson, James H. Jones, Frederick Miller, John W. Robinson, Irvin C. Smelker, W. T. Tallada, Jacob Rice, W. J. Wynand, W. J. Wood and William Eustis. Company D — Corporals James Murphy and H. G. Klien- felter. Privates : C. C.Boan, J. C. Burns, W. S. Bell, George Cole, S. Crane, F. Fayaut, D. Freeman, A, Morse, S. Cobb, George Cocher, E. Simmons and A. Still- well. Company B— Corporals Charles A. Osborn, Almon C. Johnson and Silas Car man. Privates : Dennis Bnrley, George J. Bolles, Alonzo B. Bordwell, Alouzo Blackman, Charles Johnson, L. B. March, W. J. Mills, S. W. Peters, E. R. Parks, M. A. Ransom, John Tanner, A. R. Thurston, Henry Thalacker, John Whorton and N. H. West. Company J"— Captain H. F. Younu-, First Lieutenant William E. Sloat, Lieutenant A. A. Kidd, Corporals W. R. Ray, J. 0. Reamer and N. Brad- berry. Privates : George Atkinson, J. C. Bradley, Andrew Bishop, C. B. Bishop, Bruce Brian, Harvey Bonham, Thomas Blunt, Webster Cook, C. F. Chipman, James Endicotl, James Evans, John Folk, Perry Gilbert, B. F. Hayden, A. M. Hutchinson, Theo. Kinney, M. McHugh, J. Rice, H. Rupke, J. S. Taylor, A. C. Morse, A. Conhor, Thomas Eiley, C. Alexander aud Richard Fourra. Company G — First Sergeant John Crocker and John Harvey, Corporals W. Richards and Mar cus Grover. Privates : Simon Cor'.ey, Thomas Hart, Hugh Evans, Benson Peck, Michael Divine, George Crocker, George McCartney, John Packer, Charles Razer, Isaiah Altenberg, George Metwaus and Silas Ward. Company if— Privates Curtis, Chandler, John Bowden, F. M. Dillon, Chancey Hitchcock, John Shultis, Mark Smith, John R. Arms, James Bishop and John McCubbin. Company I— Second Lieutenant W. Walrath. Privates : G. W. Molntire, A. W. Dawes, J. F. Dawes, L. M. Van Norman, F. R. Bragg, Ezekiel Lindsay, L. M. Nash, H. C. Perkins, Lyman Kelly, Patrick Rooney, G. M. M Bowen, J. W. Maxson and John E. Borden. Company K— Captain G. S. Hoyt, First Lieutenant A. B. Rood, First Sergeant J. M. Hoyt. 'Privates : D. F. Bennett, W. Ellis, W. Hughs, Eli Mattoon, Peter Miller, Ruel Lombard, W. Woulbridge and James McAbe — 184. The wounded of the Fifth Regiment in May and June were : Major Enoch Totten. Company A — Lieutenant A. B. Gibson, Sergeant Jule Enert, Corporal Julius Jackson. Privates : Levi Croissant, Gnido Linderman, Gottlieb Herman, John Stable, John Valentine, Anthony Cadwell, Jeremiah Bomysa, Jacob Meistness, George Holbrook, Joseph Cox, William Davidson and Charles Weidner. Company B — Lieutenant L. Rossiter, Sergeants Spencer G. Wait and James Young, Corporal L. L. Hatch. Privates : Wm. Decker, Henry Pigg, Myron Perrig, Wm. George, De Witt C. Smith, Charles H. Allen, Samuel Harshman, Isaac Haggerty, J. S. Hebberligg, Henry Johnson, D. W. Howie, August Brooker, Edwin O'Brien and Wm. Byron. Company C— Privates: William Gutohmacher, Joseph Nick, Charles Dehring, Matthew Wahl, August Ahemdt, Peter Spete, William Boldt, William Schumacher, Honry Deuster, F. Kestner and Gustave Blech. OompanyD — Lieutenant A. Turnbull, Sergeants Lewis A. Bacon, Kirby and H. H. Hickox. Privates : James Powers, Isaac Sloaver, S. E. Miller, James Innenly, Conrad Groller, Shalon W. Ellis. A. F. Howe, George Hall, Peter Lindquest, John Evans, James Mclnley, Elijah White, Benjamin Farringer, Charles Rohan and A. B. Evans. Gompany ^rSergeant Charles 0. Harrington and James McDonald, Corporals Ira Newkirk, Charles Packard and William Wig gins. Privates : Whitney Tibbets, H. S. Ames, W. H. Stewart, Henry Carran, N. Baker, W. Magden, E. C. Small, Joseph P. Lincoln, R. D. Coonan, Leslie Ander son, William Story, Willard Hastings, Charles Valentine, Charles C. Ames and John Huggins. Company F— Sergeant Cameron J. Wait, Corporal William Hall. Privates : J. R. Botsford, J. Ross, J. Taylor, Edward Heath, W. McNorton, C. McFarland, S. E. Orvis, Daniel C. Corbett, John Blundell, George Joyval, Henry Angle, Henry Vreelaud and Henry Hudson. Company O — Sergeants Charles Moore and P.'H. Soper, Corporal Foss Elliott. Privates : John Orr, J. M. Cham berlain; Don A. Kendall, D. J. Spencer, Alexander Carbeman. J. H. Wait, B. F. Congden, Frauk Merry and C. P. Taplin. Company H— Captain George Bissell, Sergeant John Scanlon, Corporal George McPheters. Privates: Adam C. Bell, F. Moody, G. Il Smith, Abel Spohn, Joseph Harken, J. Rosewarm, Daniel MeOart, John Borland, WiUiam Fazel and Wm. Smith. (bmpaiu/ /—Sergeant William Dolan, Corporals S. McConnell and A. Adkins. Privates : Charles Halsted, John 60 944 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Anderson, Oscar Johnson, S. S. Bell, A. Bovee, C. Pfeifer, John Calk, James Wait and Thomas C. Garrity. Company A"— Sergeants Thomas Blair and L. Beau- man, Corporal C. Rossing. Privates : Thomas Keaman, John H. Harris, David Hurley, Ole Olson, Henry Deary and George Ream — 144. Thtrty-stxth Regiment. — From May 26th to June 1th ; list furnished by Lieute nant Colonel Savage : Adjutant B. D. Atwell. Company A — Corp. S. W. Faris, H. Oberweather, O Claridee, C. H Bist, G. C. Kelly, A. Rist, Daniel Graves, T. Massengale, Corp. W. L. Clemens. Company B — Samuel G. Lockwood, Odelbert Older, M. C. Sist, W. M. Bevare, Henry Carman, J. P. Damp, Leonard Dibble, S. M. Dubois, George W. FinneU, Henry H. Pratt, Johnson Farr, Richard Upham, C. B. Wilder, J. M. Wiley, Hngh Williams, P. WincelL Gompany C — E. Rathbone, S. Yeomans. J. Martin, if. HnU, C. McClm-e. A. Calkins, W. Aylesworth, S. C. Miles, J. Frosdick, J. Cross, R. Johnson. Company D — Corp. J. Spry, T. C. Bennet, M. Kollbock, C. E. Fuller, P. Maixwell, E. Spaulding, M. Shonessy. Company E— Sergt. J. Almond, C. Able, M. G. Blackman, L. P. Bacon, C. W. Berry, O. P. Bowe, J. BontweU, W. H. Couster, J. H. Davis, F. Hawley, G. W. Hafer, J. D. Hastings, F. Hardy, A. Kelso, J. D. Kerker, W. Lock, C. MeElroy, E. W. Bragg, E. D. Preston, W. Rood, E. Shabine, R. Shephard, S. A. Wilson, John N. Ford. Company J"— Capt. P. B. BurweE, Sergt P. E. Twining, Corp. J. J. Fuller, D. C. Atkins, A. Brazee, R. Donavan, P. Gray, B. Hughes, W. Beaumont, L. Johnson, T O'Neil, W. Pohl, 3. Pooler, L. Rice, H. C. Soule, A. Sweetzer, F. Tucker, F. Van Auken, D. G. Wolf, C. Wicks, S. P. Laymon. Company 6— Capfc R. Lindley, Sergt. H. Linds ley, A. F. Adams, W. R. Bartlett, H. Englehart, C. Englehart, R. Peterage, M. Gearhart, W. Horton, C. Hinman, D. E. Jaques, P. Kemmers. W. Kruger, L. Mandershide, W. Stone, T. J. Sweeting, D. B. Wittis. Company S—S. W. HiH, G. K. Hazen, R. Lee, 8. Welch, B. G. Thomas, Sergeant R. Palmer, B. Metlie, T. Morrice, O. S. Northrup, F. Akin, George Bobbett. Company I— A. Bohn, T. Gillies, M. L. Knight, J. P. SiRig, E. Schofleld, George T. Skillon, J. W. T. Bag, J. Swal, Corp. S. Williams, J. Mills, O. E. Perry. Company K—3. J. McCan, H. T. E. Tillotson, A. B. Adams, H. W. Bntler, R. Biesecker, D. Crandall, C. Ema- tinger, J. Hill, P. Lee, M. Ophett, L. Pederson, L. Pratt, J. Rains, Sergt. G. P. Warren M M Granger, N. Skeel^-144. BATTLES OF PETERSBURG. General Grant could not get between the enemy and his defenses aroundRichmond, and therefore moved to the south side of the James River, the second corps commencing to cross on the morning of June 14th. General Smith's command was previously transferred by water to attack Petersburg. By some unexplained delay he did not make the assault until twelve hours after he surprised the rebel pickets, June 15th, and then did not improve his opportunity to dash into the city before the enemy was reinforced. Smith's command and Hancock's and Burnside's corps made an attack on the even ing of the 16th, and continued fighting, with little intermission, until the next morning. They carried the advance and some of the main works of the enemy, and captured some guns and prisoners. Attacks were repeated on the 17th and 18th, but failed to drive the rebels from their interior line. BATTLES OF PETERSBURG. 945 The Independent Battalion (Second Wisconsin) crossed the James June 16th, and participated in the battle of the 18th, losing two men mortally wounded. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments crossed the James on the morning of the 16th, and passing Prince George Court House, threw up breast-works in front of the enemy before Petersburg on the 17th, the Sixth constituting the extreme left flank of the Army of the Poto mac. The Seventh had the right of the brigade. Skirmishing at once commenced, and at five o'clock next morning they moved forward in line of battle. The rebels were driven to their works one mile from Petersburg; the skirmishers were recalled, and shortly after three in the after noon the charge upon that formidable line was ordered. Mov ing forward under a withering fire of musketry and artillery, they arrived within pistol-shot of the works, where the Seventh, without support on the left, held their position for an hour and a half, and commenced throwing up breast-works by means of a few shovels and their bayonets and tin plates. At this time, Major Richardson, of the Seventh, at great risk to himself from the rebel fire, reported the condition of the regiment at brigade headquarters. But the rebels finally attacked them both upon the flank and the rear, and they were compelled to retreat through a withering fire to the position held in the morning. Both officers and men were highly commended for their coolness and determined bravery in this desperate action. The Seventh lost twenty-one killed and thirty-seven wounded. The whole force was compelled to fall back, and in the night works were thrown up five hundred yards from the rebel line. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments remained in front of Peters burg, participating in the duties of the siege until August 18th. The Fifth Regiment took position in the trenches before Petersburg on the 19th, and participated in the charge of the 22d, capturing a portion of the enemy's works and a few pris oners. The Nineteenth also advanced with the army, and took position in the trenches, three-fourths of a mile from the city. The Thirty-Sixth Regiment- reached the vicinity of Peters burg on the 15th. On the 18th they drove the rebel skirm ishers from heavy works, and for a mile through dense woods, 946 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in front of which, beyond a field, was the main rebel line strongly intrenched. Lieutenant Galloway, of Company K, was mortally wounded in this pursuit. At two in the after noon, a general advance was ordered. Colonel Savage, com manding the' regiment, stepped in front of the colors, shout ing, " Three cheers for the honor of Wisconsin ; forward my brave men ;" and sprang over the works behind which the regiment was lying. In two minutes he fell mortally wounded. Major Brown received two severe wounds, Lieutenants Morris and Harris were severely wounded, and nearly one-third of the men fell, killed or wounded. It was the only regiment which had advanced over the works. It seemed to be death either to advance or retreat. The men lay down in the sand, and with their tin cups and plates, dug holes in the soft ground, and were forced to remain until after dark. Captain Fisk was the last to leave the field, taking with him the dead and wounded. The regiment lost during the day five officers, and one hundred and eleven men killed and wounded. The night was spent in caring for the wounded and burying the dead. Remaining in the works until the 21st, the regiment then moved about seven miles around to the left of Petersburg, and on the following night threw up works under a sharp mus ketry fire within five rods of the rebel line. On the 22d the brigade was flanked, and half of it captured ; but the Thirty- Sixth changing front so as to face the rebels, were not taken. They lost a few men only in killed and wounded. Two days later the regiment was relieved, and for the first time in four weeks had a good night's rest. The Thirty-seventh Regiment supported a charge on the 16th, and participated, under a storm of shot and shell, in the charge of the 17th, but were compelled, after a severe engage ment and heavy loss to retire. The next day they advanced again, charged over the rebel works, which had been evacu ated during the night, and attempted, but in vain, to drive the enemy from the new line of works to which he had fallen back, about a mile from Petersburg. The ground gained was occu pied by the regiment, and defensive works were thrown up. Their loss in the two days was seven officers and one hundred and forty-seven -enlisted men killed and wounded. William H. THE MINE AT PETERSBURG. 947 Green, color-bearer, was mortally wounded on the 17th, having been shot through both legs; and rather than leave the flag, he brought it to our lines in his teeth, dragging himself by the aid of his hands. On the 17th and 18th, Major Kershaw, Captain Stevens, and Lieutenant W. H. Earl were wounded, the last mortally. The Thirty-eighth Regiment moved to the extreme front, under a heavy fire, on the morning of the 16th, the next after noon captured the outer line of intrenchments at the point of the bayonet, and in the evening charged upon and took the second line, with some prisoners. On the 18th, they advanced again, through a deep cut, captured other works, and drove the enemy to his main line of defences. In all these engage ments they lost nine killed and forty-three wounded. The Sharpshooters were engaged in an action at Harris' Farm on the 18th, and four days later at Jerusalem Plank Road. The Fourth Battery were attached to E/autz's Cavalry division, June 4th, and were under the concentrated fire of fourteen guns for two hours, on the 15th. The Union loss at Petersburg, June 15th to 19th, was 1,198 killed, 6,853 wounded, 1,614 prisoners ; the rebel loss, 3,500 killed, wounded and prisoners. THE MINE AT PETERSBURG. » Lieutenant Colonel Pleasants, of the Forty-eighth Pennsyl vania Regiment, suggested planting a mine under one of the largest rebel forts before Petersburg, and he and his regiment accomplished the work between June 25th and July 23rd. The distance mined was five hundred and ten feet ; the gallery was four and-a-half feet wide at the bottom, and sloping upward was four-and-a-half feet high ; the two galleries and eight side chambers under the fort, were twenty feet below ; and four tons of powder were deposited there. The appointed time for exploding the mine was the morning of July 30th. After the explosion, it was intended to assault the enemy's works on Cemetery Hill beyond, and gain the main defences of the city. The assaulting force was to be the ninth corps, under Burnside, supported by the eighteenth, under Ord. These were in their place, with the second corps on the right and the 948 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. fifth on the left. The rebels were ignorant of both the locality of the mine, and the intended explosion. At twenty min utes past three o'clock the fuse was lighted. But it went out at the point where it was spliced. Lieutenant Jacob Douty and Sergeant Harry Reese volunteered to go in and relight it. They entered one hundred feet, and reached the point where the fire stopped. At ten -minutes before five, there was sud denly a tremor, then an earthquake rumbling and shaking, next a corneal mountain upheaving from the earth and reach ing toward the heavens, with streaks of lightning flashes along its sides. An instant it hung in the air, filled with timbers, guns, cannon, men, and human limbs, and then sank down in a mass of confusion. Three South Carolina regiments were there at the instant of the explosion, — all asleep save the guard. Some just awoke to be instantly hurled to the dead; others were dashed from sleep to death. Then one hundred heavy cannon from the Union lines poured in a thunderstorm of shot and shell such as history has seldom known. The rebels are nearly petrified with amazement; they move not; they fire not a gun. And then was the time to dash in through the crater and capture the crest of Cemetery, Hill, beyond, which commanded the rebel works. But Marshall's brigade of Sedlie's division, selected to lead the charge, halt in the crater, begin to throw up intrenchments and plant cannon, and wait there nearly an hour. By that time the rebels, recovered from their conster nation, turn their guns toward the crater. Our men attempt to advance ; first the white troops, then the colored, but they are mown down by the destroyer. Kb opening has been made in the rebel lines beside that of the crater, and that is already full of men. Reserve troops have no place to pass and make an assault on the Rebel works. The day is lost, and the next question is, how to bring off" the most live men possible. That crater was two hundred feet long, sixty wide, thirty deep ; and there stood thousands of Federals, not well led by their commanders ; there were half-buried rebels, beseeching the " Yanks " to help them out ; there were wounded, dead and dying ; and soon the rebel artillery began to play upon the confused mass, with the more spite, it is said, because some were colored soldiers, in and around the crater. Our losses THE MINE AT PETERSBURG. 949 were forty-seven officers and three hundred and seventy-two enlisted men killed, one hundred and twenty-four officers and 1,555 men wounded, ninety-one officers and 1,819 men missing — a total of 4,003. The Thirty-seventh Wisconsin was engaged in the advance upon the ruined fort, and a portion of other works to the right. Its support being thrown into, disorder by the enemy's fire, and not advancing as expected, the regiment was unable to push farther forward, but with other troops held the crater formed by the explosion, repulsing repeated rebel assaults, and " strewing as thickly that side of the fort with the dead of the enemy, as was this with the bodies of friends." After all hope of success was gone, the regiment withdrew. It , was among the last to leave the fort, and was exposed to a hot fire in falling back. After dark, ninety-five of the two hundred and fifty men who we:Qt over the works in the morning were col lected — the shattered remnant of the regiment. Their loss was seven officers and one hundred and forty-eight men. Lieutenant Atwell, of Company G, was so severely wounded that amputation of the leg was necessary. Companies B and E, of the Thirty-eighth, under Lieutenant Ballard and Captain Ferris, were in the front, the latter company having but just arrived from Wisconsin. When the advance was ordered, the regiment designated to lead, faltered, when these two companies — less than one hundred in number, at the word sprang over their works and rushed forward under a sweeping and thundering fire. Captain Ferris was soon killed and Lieutenant Holton severely wounded. They remained in the enemy's works until three in the afternoon, when .under a heavy crossrfire they retired, having lost seven killed, sixteen wounded, and ten missing. The remainder of the Thirty-eighth were in the second line, and under fire. Just previous to the explosion of the mine, General Grant had marched and countermarched the second corps and Sheri dan's cavalry, in order to confuse the enemy and render them unprepared for the assault of the 30th. Participating in this movement, the Thirty-sixth Regiment crossed the Apomat- tox," and to the" north side of the James, and engaged in demon strating and skirmishing near Malvern Hill. The Sharp- 950 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. shooters shared in this movement, and took part in an action near Deep Bottom, when our lines were extended to New Market road. Both bodies returned to Petersburg, in time to witness the explosion of the mine, and the sharp-shooters took part in the advance after it. The Fourth Wisconsin Battery were also engaged at Malvern Hill. BATTLES OF DEEP BOTTOM, WELDON RAILROAD AND REAMS' STATION. On the night of the 13th of August, General Grant sent a force of Butler's army to threaten Richmond on the North side of the James. His design was to hold the enemy in that position while he should send Warren with the fifth corps to take the Weldon Railroad south of Petersburg. Both move ments were successful, though with severe loss. The Thirty-sixth Regiment were first in the force north of the James. August 14th, advancing along the Newmarket road toward Richmond, they soon found the enemy. Charges and counter charges ensued with varying success. At four in the afternoon, the first brigade charged the enemy's works. Major Hamilton, of the thirty-sixth was severely wounded in the face and carried from the field. Lieutenent Colonel War ner had his arm so much shattered that amputation was neces sary ; and Captain Lindley received four wounds, two of them mortal. Three officers and twenty-eight men were among the killed and wounded. Warren captured the Weldon Railroad August 18th, but the enemy were very unwilling to lose it, and made repeated assaults to regain possession, each time with great loss. The Independent Battalion (Second Regiment) took part in the battles along the Railroad, on the 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st of August. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments also participated, and on the 19th, in a severe fight, the Seventh captured twenty-six prisoners without loss. On the morning of the 21st, their line was fiercely attacked, and the assault gallantly repulsed with great slaughter, the Seventh capturing the battle flag of the Sixteenth Mississippi, with all the field officers of that regiment. ETC. 951 On the 25th, the enemy attacked our forces at Reams' Station on the Railroad, and after desperate fighting drove back a part of the Federal line. The Thirty-sixth Wisconsin, having with drawn from the north side of the James, bore an important part in this battle. At first they stood as a reserve in a deep railroad cut. The rebels, in making their fourth charge, swept over our works and pressed upon the reserve, who, by their severe fire, obliged the triumphant enemy for a moment to waver. But soon the Thirty-sixth were surrounded in the cut. A few men dashed through the enemy and escaped. Lieutenant Ginty, of Company E, in attempting it was instantly killed. The few of the brigade who escaped were reformed, and, led by Major General Hancock ia person, charged and recaptured several guns. In this charge Captain Russell, of Company F, received a severe wound in the right shoulder. Of eleven officers and one hundred and seventy- five men who went into the battle on that day, but three officers and forty-five men were left. Of these Captain Graves, of Company K, a noble man and faithful officer, died within two days from over exertion on this occasion. Captain Griffin, Lieutenants Atwell, Sholes, Bullard, Albee, Matthews, and Parker, with about one hundred and thirty men, were captured. Surgeons Miller and Woodward, says Lieutenant Colonel Warner, were sent into the rebel lines to care for the wounded. They were taken to Libby prison, where the exposure incident to his imprisonment, caused the death of Surgeon Miller. Of one hundred and twenty-eight of these men sent to Salisbury, N. C, less than six returned to the regiment, and very few of them ever left the prison at that place. The Thirty-seventh Regiment were hurried to the support of the second corps on the afternoon of the 25th, and arrived on the battle-field soon after dark, where they threw out a strong picket until the wearied second corps withdrew, after which the regiment returned and bivouacked within our lines. On the 27th they relieved a body of colored troops, threw up a new line of works, and encamped near Blick's Station, and remained there for nearly a month. 952 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. The Thirty-eighth Regiment moved toward the Weldon Railroad on the 19th, and in the afternoon met the enemy in a thick wood, and drove him steadily, capturing a number of prisoners, and fighting until night. On the 22d they fortified themselves directly across the railroad track. At; ten in the morning the rebels attacked them simultaneously from three directions, and for two hours the battle raged furiously. Again and again the rebels assaulted them, but were each time repulsed with heavy loss. The loss of the regiment in these actions was two killed and twenty-three wounded and missing. On the 25th the regiment were suddenly called out and marched at double quick to Reams' Station to support the second corps. On the 26th they returned to Yellow House and camped. BATTLES OF HATCHER'S RUN AND FAIR OAKS. Late in October, General Grant determined to find, if possi ble, and attack, the enemy's right flank, which had been extended since the battle at Reams' Station. October 27th he sent forward Hancock's corps and two divisions of Warren's, who crossed Hatcher's Run and moved to within six miles of the South Side Railroad. But not reaching the end of the rebel fortifications, and finding no suitable place for an assault upon his works, Grant decided to withdraw. But the enemy pushed into a gap between Hancock and Warren, and made a fierce attack on Hancock's right and rear. A severe and bloody battle followed, in which the rebels were driven back to their works. The Independent' Battalion, connected with Warren's third division, took part in this battle, and lost one killed and four wounded. The Sixth and Seventh Regiments marched to the extreme left and fought at that point. The Seventh was lost in the woods during the night of the 27th, while deployed- as skirmishers, an'd halted until daylight. Meanwhile their sup port retired, supposing the regiment was captured. They numbered but one hundred and fifty-six muskets and took two hundred and sixteen prisoners, besides relieving about fifty Union prisoners, and lost but one man captured. The Thirty-sixthRegiment arrived near the rebel line early on the 27th. Lieutenant Augustus' Ripley, with Company A, was sent forward to feel of the enemy. They drove in the rebel BATTLES OF HATCHER'S RUN AND FAIR OAKS. 953 picket line and captured their rifle pits. Heavy skirmishing continued until noon, when the main line of the enemy was struck, and the regiment formed and took position on the field as coolly and bravely as the veterans. The order was given to charge, and at almost the same time the enemy opened a heavy fire on the right of the division, while a body of rebels soon appeared in their rear. Captain Fisk, of Company C, commanded the regiment and;faced it to the rear; with fixed bayonets the men charged and struck the rebels on the flank, doubled up their line and captured a stand of colors and alarger number of prisoners than there were men in the regiment on the field. The regiment then returned to its place in line, having lost fifteen in wounded and missing. The Thirty-seventh Regiment, with the brigade, moved out before daybreak on the 27th, to form a connection with the fifth corps on the left. When the skirmishers struck the rebels they became hotly engaged, but did not bring on a general battle. Having effected the object of the recon noissance they returned next day to camp, having had one officer, Adjutant Miltimore, and two men wounded., The Thirty-eighth accompanied this reconnoitering force, aud was under fire twenty-two hours, but not seriously engaged. On the same day, the 27th, the battle of Fair Oaks, near Richmond, took place. The concurrence of time was by design, to prevent the enemy from massing his forces against us. Butler's eighteenth corps moved out from its line near Dutch Gap Canal on the evening of the 26th, advanced north ward, and the next day formed near the old Fair Oaks field. They would have easily taken. the defenses there had not the enemy learned of our movement and sent reinforcements rap idly- from Petersburg. The Nineteenth Wisconsin advanced with other troops to assault the rebel works. Lieutenant Colonel Strong says: " The Nineteenth emerged from the pines and came out on a clear open field, about three hundred yards from the. works. As we broke cover, the rebels opened on us furiously with artillery, and cut us up badly. Upon see ing the rebel works the boys cheered lustily, and advanced rapidly, closing up the breaks in the ranks made by the artil lery, and preserving a splendid line. Thus for about one hun- 954 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. dred yards, when we were met by a perfect tornado of shot, shell, cannister, and minnie balls directly in our faces, mowing us down by scores. At this point Captain P. Bennett was instantly killed by a ball through the head, while gallantly cheering on his men. A few steps farther and Lieutenant John Wright was killed, exclaiming, ' Company H, dress on the colors ! ' The regiment was decimated — mere fragments of the line regained ; dead and wounded men covered the ground passed over. The few brave boys left pressed forward with the same old cheer, and closed upon the colors. The order 'lie down' was given. Flesh and blood could go no farther. Nothing could withstand that perfect blast of lead and iron — that most murderous, scourging, devouring fire. We lay down and made as thin as possible. No power to move forward or backward, or to assist in the least our wounded comrades. The same fearful telling fire was passing over us ; to raise a head was death ; a hand, to be hit. It was raining now fine rain-mist and the early dusk of a rainy evening was slowly enveloping us, and our earnest prayer was, ' night or Blucher,' when beyond our left a yell was heard, and the hurried tramp of men, and we were surrounded and prisoners." The Nineteenth numbered eight officers and one hundred and ninety enlisted men who went into that fight. Forty-four men only came back. The Lieutenant Colonel was wounded and captured, and his leg afterward amputated. Adjutant Holley and Lieutenant Lowery were wounded and captured. Captain Otto Puhlman, acting Assistant Adjutant General, was wounded while bearing orders, but refused to go to the rear and performed his duties until the brigade returned to camp. In this battle a fort was taken, but afterward abandoned, and in a similar assault the same day on the rebel works on the Williamsburg road, we were unsuccessful. The army now became more quiet for the winter. SECOND BATTLE OF HATCHER'S RUN. Early in February, 1865, General Grant made another attempt to seize the South Side Railroad. His plan was to move a heavy flanking column beyond the right of the enemy's works along Hatcher's Run, and then pass another force in our rear around the rebels, and if possible, to the railroad. PERIL OF WASHINGTON. 955 The second, fifth, sixth, and ninth corps received marching orders. The movement commenced February 5th. The enemy were soon found, and heavy skirmishing ensued, but the Federals pushed forward .to Hatcher's Run and threw up intrenchments. On the 6th they advanced farther, met the enemy in heavy force, and were obliged to fall back. Toward evening the battle became very heavy. But our new defenses on Hatcher's Run were held, and the City Point Railroad was extended to that place. The Federal loss was 232 killed, 1,062 wounded, and 186 missing; the Confederate, 1,200 killed, wounded, and missing, General Pegram and Colonel Hoffman being among the enemy's dead. The Iron Brigade took part in the battle, their division , being in advance and comprising the principal troops engaged. The Sixth Regiment (with which the Independent Battalion of the Second had been consolidated), lost nine men killed, nine mortally wounded, and seven missing. The Seventh lost two killed, twenty-one wounded, and three missing. This regir ment was at first deployed in front of the division as skir mishers. Afterward the right wing, under Lieutenant Colonel Richardson, was ordered to protect the right flank, and the left wing, under Major Hoyt, formed in. rear to arrest stragglers. On the 7th they were engaged in skirmishing upon the battle ground of the previous day. . The Fifth participated, and lost one killed and three wounded. C. Birmenger lost his right arm. PERLL OF WASHINGTON IN 1864. The National Capital was in imminent peril on the 10th, 11th and 12th of July, 1864. General Grant's severe losses in the Wilderness campaign had compelled the Government to strip the fortifications of Washington of all available troops. The city was defended by a circle of forts covering the east and west banks of the Potomac. On Sunday, the 10th, General Early held Rockville, about fifteen miles north-west of the capital, and at any time from Sunday morning till Monday noon, he could have entered Washington, with his large* mounted force, encountering only the most insignificant oppo sition. The Rockville road led to the city under the ramparts of Fort Stevens, which was manned by only a few hundred-day men from Ohio, the rifle-pits on either side of the fort being entirely defenseless. Between Fort Stevens and Fort Slocum, 956 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the next on the east, lay a ravine through which Early's troops might have easily passed. General Halbert E. Paine was in Washington on court mar tial duty, and when Early's close approach became known, on Sunday morning, he went to the department commander, Gen eral Augur, and offered his services in any capacity and any where. He was immediately assigned to duty with General A. McD. McCook, Reserve Camp. His command at first was the line of rifle pits between Forts Stevens and Slocum, and afterwards the seven forts from Fort Stevens to the east branch of the Potomac. On Sunday the Government could furnish no troops. But by extemporizing regiments out of hospital con valescents, nurses and attendants, and adding such veteran reserves and District of Columbia soldiers as could be found, the first forces were sent on Monday noon to General Paine, who posted them at once in the rifle pits. Before noon on Tuesday, Early's sharp-shooters were within short musket range of Fort Stevens, and his whole force was on the high land in front. Tuesday afternoon, a part of the sixth corps arrived, formed in front, of the fort, charged in magnificent line upon the enemy, fought desperately, and achieved a brilliant success. President Lincoln witnessed the battle from Fort Stevens. A rebel bullet wounded a surgeon who stood near him. Tuesday night, the nineteenth corps, from New Orleans, began to reach General Paine's lines, and the next day Early started for home, with the sixth and nineteenth corps after him. He must have known the defenceless condition of the capital, for rebel citizens of the city, who went to him on Sunday, were found dead on the field after the battle. Whether it was whisky, found by the rebels at General Blair's house, or a spe cial Providence, that saved Washington on this occasion, is not yet ascertained. Thus was General Paine again at a Thermopylae Pass of his country. His chief military record is given with that of the soldiers who fought under him. He was appointed brigadier general March 13th, 1863. He was born in Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio, February 4th, 1826, came to Milwaukee July 31st, 1857, and commenced the practice of law the next day. He was elected to Congress in November, 1863, and served with distinguished ability and integrity. CHAPTEK III. SHERMAN'S GREAT MARCH. THIRD, TWEIFTH, SIXTEENTH, SEVENTEENTH, EIGHTEENTH, TWENTY-FIRST, TWENTY-SECOND, TWENTY-FIFTH, TWENTY-SIXTH, THIRTY-FIRST, AND THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY, AND FIFTH AND TWEIFTH BATTERIES. — March to the Sea, — CAPTUBE OF FOBT MCALLISTER AND SAVANNAH, ORDERS IN BEHALF OF FREEDMEN, * Campaign of the CaroUnas, — BATTLE OF POCOTALIGO, — BATTLE OF ARVF.RTSB0R0, — Battle of BentowviMe. — ARRIVAL AT G0LDSB0R0. ¦s General Sherman commenced his march from Atlanta for, the sea, November 24th, 1864. Where he would reach the coast, could not then be definitely decided, since he must obtain his subsistence from the country through which he passed, and an inferior opposing force might change his direc tion. He threatened both Macon and Augusta, and the breadth of country through which the four columns of his army marched was thirty miles. After leaving Atlanta, no intelligence was received from him at the North, by either GOTernment or people, except through Confederate newspapers, until his arri val before Savannah. The rebels themselves could not defi nitely understand whither he was going. The men lived chiefly on hogs, sheep, turkeys, geese, chick ens, rice, and sweet potatoes, collected on the plantations through which they passed, and their subsistence was not scanty, even in that land where tens of thousands of Union prisoners were starving in rebel stockades. The march was over three hundred miles in twenty-four days. There were issued to the troops 13,000 head of beef cattle, 9,500,000 pounds of corn, 10,500,000 pounds of fodder. 5,000 horses and 4,000 mules were impressed for the cavalry and trains. They destroyed three hundred and twenty miles of railroad^ severing thus the Confederate forces in Virginia from these at 958 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. the West. They burned the railroad ties, heated and twisted the rails, destroyed depots, shops, engine-houses and water- tanks. They burned 20,000 bales of cotton, beside capturing 25,000 at Savannah. - 10,000 negroes left the plantations of their former masters, and accompanied the army to Savannah, 1,338 Confederate soldiers were captured, of whom seventy- seven were officers. And our entire loss was only five officers and fifty-eight men killed, thirteen officers and two hundred and thirty-two men wounded, and one officer and two hundred and fifty-eight men missing— <-a total of five hundred and sixty- seven. Reaching the vicinity of Savannah, they passed around the city and captured Fort McAllister on December 15th, and the city itself on the 21st, Beauregard and Hardee with their troops barely escaping. Then General Sherman dispatched the following note to President Lincoln : " I beg to present to you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Savannah, with one hun dred and fifty guns and plenty of ammunition, and also about 25,000 bales of cotton. While upon this march, the Third Wisconsin Regiment served as provost guard at Milledgeville, where Colonel Haw ley seized a large amount of Confederate property, including arms and ammunition, which was either burned or thrown into the river. 2,300 muskets, five hundred lances, 1,500 cutlasses, one hundred and fifty boxes of field artillery ammu nition, two hundred kegs of powder, and sixteen hogsheads of salt were thus disposed of. About fifteen hundred pounds of tobacco were distributed among the troops. On November 24th, the regiment rejoined the brigade ; on the 26th, they destroyed half a mile of the Savannah and Macon Railroad, at Tennile Station. On the 29th, they burned about 3,000,000 feet of lumber and timber, among which was the material ready prepared for building four complete railroad bridges. December 11th, they were ordered to Argyle Island, in the Savannah River, to secure rice and other public stores, and reconnoitre the South Carolina shore. While crossing the river, an armed but disabled rebel steamer was boarded by the regiment and taken to the Georgia shore, with six officers and nineteen men prisoners. On the 15th, five companies, after a Sherman's great march. 959 successful reconnoissance of the country for two miles, were driven from the South Carolina shore by a force of rebels. Four days afterward, Colonel Hawley again crossed — this time with the brigade — and the following day skirmished con tinually. On the 21st, they recrossed to the island, the Third covering the retreat, closely pressed by the enemy. During the march to the sea, the regiment lost one man killed, one officer and three men wounded. " With the exception of sugar and coffee, they subsisted entirely on the country." The Twelfth Regiment assisted in the destruction of the Georgia Central Railroad, and reached the vicinity of Savan nah December 10th. They took position in the trenches, and remained before the enemy's works, with but one change of location, until the evacuation of the city. While before Savan nah, Major Price was unfortunately shot by a Union soldier, while walking between the pickets. One enlisted man only was wounded during the siege. Proceeding with the seven teenth corps by water to Beaufort, they took part in a battle near Pocotaligo River. The Sixteenth Regiment destroyed the Railroad buildings at Millen, December 2d. Oh the 7th they crossed a large Bwamp, and on the 11th took position on the edge of a rice field which had been overflowed by the rebels, a few miles south-west of Savannah. They entered the city on the 21st, and remained encamped within the works until January 4th, 1865, when they marched to Fort Thunderbolt, and on the following day, embarked for Beaufort. From that place Colonel Fairchild commanded a brigade. The 17th had the general engage ments and experience of other regiments. The non-veterans and recruits of the Eighteenth Regiment accompanied the army to Savannah, having been temporarily assigned to the Ninety-third Illinois, while the veterans were in Wisconsin on furlough. The Twenty-first Regiment, with the recruits and veterans of the First, who had been transferred in September to this reo-iment, moved with the army, and entered Savannah December 21st The Twenty-second Regiment was employed as train guard most of the way to Savannah. They were stationed as guard 61 960 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to some rice mills for a few days, near the city, which they entered with the army. The Twenty-fifth Regiment also served as train guard the first five days of the march. At Toomsboro, on the 19th of November, they were detailed as pontoon guard, and the engineer corps was placed under command of Lieutenant Col onel Rusk. December 10th, the regiment encountered the rebels, forded the Ogeechee canal, and took position with their brigade five hundred yards from the enemy's works, between which and them was a deep swamp. They held the position until the afternoon of the following day, when they recrossed the canal and marched around the swamp. December 12th, they completed some unfinished works at Dillon's bridge, which they held until January 3rd, 1865, when they marched through Savannah. The Twenty-sixth built a large amount of corduroy road on the route. The Thirty-first Regiment, when within ten miles of Savannah, encountered the enemy, who held two redoubts commanding the road. This regiment, with one hundred and twenty men of another regiment, moved to the left and flanked the position. Passing through what the rebels deemed an impassable swamp, they charged the works in the face of a severe fire, and carried them, capturing the camp equipage of the place and a few prisoners. The regiment lost one man killed and three wounded, one of them mortally. The division and corps commanders, and also General Slocum, compli mented these troops for their gallantry. | The Thirty-second Regiment encountered the enemy Decem ber 5th, at the Little Ogeechee River. After a sharp skirmish the rebels were routed. On the 9th, they met the rebel skir mishers near Marlow. The division was deployed, and the rebels driven from several strong positions. December 10th, they moved four miles to the Ogeechee canal, took position near it, and without loss ascertained the position of the enemy's works. On the 13th, they guarded a forage train, returning the following day, after a march of fifty miles. They afterward, with the division, destroyed the Savannah and Gulf Railroad between the Ogeechee and Altamaha rivers, arriving CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 961 at Wallhourville on the 18th. They returned to Savannah on the 24th, and encamped at Fort Thunderbolt. The Fifth Battery was occasionally engaged upon the march in dispersing rebel cavalry. Upon the evacuation of Savan nah, they encamped within a mile of the city. The Twelfth Battery participated in the siege of Savannah, one section being placed in position 1,200 yards from the forti fications, on the 12th of December, and another on the follow ing day within six hundred yards, both sections being heavily engaged throughout the day. On the 14th, the first section moved forward to the position of the second, where they remained until the 21st, when they entered the city. While at Savannah, General Sherman issued orders devot ing the abandoned Sea Islands and rice-fields to the exclusive use of the freedmen. He gave an order that negro soldiers might locate their families, " and, acquire a homestead, and all other rights and privileges of a settler as though present in person." CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. General Grant sent instructions to Sherman at Savannah to embark his army on transports and hasten to the final concen tration and attack on the Confederates around Richmond. Bu': Sherman represented the g^eat difficulty of moving 60,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry, and a large amount of artillery so great a distance by water. He promised, also, to bring his army to the right point at the required time in better condition by land than could be effected by sea. Grant consented. Sherman set out on his march northward through the Caro- linas, February 1st. The country through which he was to pass had been occupied by the rebel Wheeler and his cavalry, who had detailed the unwilling negroes to aid them in felling trees across all the roads, burning bridges, and placing all possible obstructions in the way of the Union army. But the pioneer battalions quickly made the route passable. The breadth of the march was forty miles. It was impeded more by swamps and rivers than it had been from Atlanta. Beaure gard had been relieved from command of the Confederate troops, and Johnston, though once discarded by Davis, now 962 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. in this time ot great danger, was reappointed to the supreme command of all rebel forces in that part of the country. But he was unable to hinder the Federal progress to any serious extent. Sherman might turn upon Charleston, Augusta, or Columbia, and at neither place, nor at all combined, had the rebels force enough to stay him in his course. He marched on Columbia, South Carolina, and captured it February 17th, and then by way of Fayetteville on Goldsboro', North Caro lina. Charleston was evacuated February 17th, and occupied by our forces on the 18th. Columbia was burned by rebel General Wade Hampton, who filled the city with cotton and set fire to it. Wheeler remonstrated in a letter to General Howard against burning houses, promising that he would desist from burning cotton. Sherman replied: "I hope you will burn all the cotton and save us the trouble. We don't want it, and it has proven a curse to our country. All you don't burn I will. As to private houses, occupied by peaceful families, my orders are not to molest or disturb them, and I think my orders are obeyed. Vacant houses, being of no use to any body, I care little about, as the owners have" thought them of no use to themselves. I don't want them destroyed, but do not take much care to preserve them." In Georgia only public buildings, cotton gins and mills were burned ; in South Carolina vacant houses were burned, but not in North Carolina, the soldiers desisting of their own accord. In passing the Catawba River country a corduroy road of about seventy miles was built. Leaving , Fayetteville March 15th, he met a force of the enemy the next day at Averysboro', and defeated them after a severe battle, losing six hundred. The Third Regiment participated in the battle of Averys boro', supporting the cavalry, attacking the enemy and losing twenty-seven killed and wounded. The Twenty-first were also engaged, and had two men wounded. The Twenty- second formed part of the assaulting .force upon the rebels' fortified position, and had four men wounded. The Twenty-sixth marched to the aid of the cavalry and Hawley's brigade, and became hotly engaged. The enemy was gradually crowded CAMPAIGN OF THE CAROLINAS. 963 back and driven from several lines of breast-works, suffering heavy loss. Captain Charles Schmidt, of Company B, Lieu tenant F. R. Elein, of Company C, and five enlisted men were killed and ten wounded. The Thirty-first regiment was in the front fine and exposed to a heavy fire from noon until dark. The ground on which they fought was thickly wooded and swampy, but by night the rebels were driven a mile and a half. The regiment lost one man killed and and twelve wounded. After the battle of Averysboro', General Sherman, by his own acknowledgment, did not expect the enemy would make farther opposition to the Federals' progress, or attempt to strike them in flank while in motion. The battle of Bentonville, therefore, took the commander somewhat by surprise, and he was several miles distant from it when it commenced. On the 18th there was heavy skirmishing with the rebel cavalry, and on the morning of the 19th, near Bentonville. At two o'clock of that day the enemy, 30,000 or 40,000 strong, suddenly and powerfully attacked the first and second divisions of the four teenth (General J. C. Davis') corps, the weight of the blow falling most upon Hobart's and Buell's brigades of Carlin's division at the left. They were inevitably thrown back, and formed a second line, in which General Hobart and Lieuten ant Colonel Fitch, with the Twenty-first Wisconsin, took a brave and active part. Davis rode rapidly across to a reserve brigade of Morgan's division, and sent them with great force upon the left flank of the enemy, who had then become broken and scattered by the impetuosity of their own attack. This checked and repulsed them. At five o'clock the rebels made another desperate assault By this time our artillery had been well posted on an elevation in the rear of our front line, and as the enemy came out of the woods into an open space to make the attack, they were mown down by these bat teries. On the right, a portion of Morgan's men fought on both sides of their rapidly constructed works ; first meeting the rebels in front, and then changing to fight those that charged upon their rear. A portion of the twentieth corps (connected with the fourteenth, under Slocum) came up ; the next day Sherman sent back Howard's fifteenth and seventeenth corps toward Johnston's flank; on the 21st General Mower 964 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. attacked the rebels from that direction, and at night Johnston retreated on Smithfleld, and the Federals, after some pursuit, went on to Goldsboro'. Thus did Sherman's army escape a serious defeat. General A. C. McClurg, chief of staff of General Davis, has courteously furnished the chief part of the foregoing information, who also pays a particularly high tribute to the conduct of Lieutenant Colonel Fitch on this tiying occasion, and to his character in general as an officer. The Third Regiment at Bentonville especially distinguished themselves, and contributed largely toward retrieving the for tunes of the day. Lieutenant Colonel Stevenson was in com mand, Colonel Hawley commanding the brigade on the march from Savannah. The Twelfth was in line of battle but not actually engaged. The Sixteenth participated ; the Twenty- second was present but not engaged ; the Twenty-sixth was in line of battle, supporting the fourteenth corps, but had no opportunity to fire, though they lost one man killed and four wounded. The Thirty-first, while in an exposed position at the front were attacked in front and on both flanks at the same time. They were thrown back in confusion, but rallied and re formed, threw down a rail-fence and took their stand behind it Reinforcements arriving before the enemy came up again, they withstood five different charges of the rebel division, repulsing them each time with terrible loss. They had twelve killed and forty-nine wounded. During the latter part of the action Colonel West commanded the regiments that were engaged. The Thirty-second regiment, with its division, supported the fourteenth and twentieth corps on the 20th. The follow ing day they took position on the right of the «rmy, and, advancing through a large" swamp, charged upon and took the enemy's works, driving him precipitately from the field. They held the captured ground until their support on both right and left had withdrawn, when, by order of the commanding general, they withdrew to a less exposed position. Their loss was two killed, twenty-three wounded, and two missing. The Fifth and Twelfth batteries took part in the action The 17th performed gallant service at Savanah, Pocotaligo^ Columbia, and Bentonville. CHAPTEK IV. RICHMOND'S FALL AND LEE'S SURRENDER. A GEAND ASSAULT, CAPTURE OF FORT STEADMAN BY THE REBELS, THE RECAPTURE, — THE POSITION OF FORCES, — Battle at Five Forks, — ASSAULT OF APRIL 2D,— LEE'S LINES BROKEN, CONSTERNATION IN RICHMOND, CONDITION AND SPIRIT OF THE PEOPLE, LEE SURREND ERS, JOHNSTON SURRENDERS, SERVICES OF WISCONSIN TROOPS. In February and March 1865, General Grant made exten sive preparations for a grand assault upon the Confederacy. General Canby moved against Mobile, and Dick Taylor, who was defending it General Wilson made a sweeping raid through Alabama and Georgia, which has been considered in connection with the First Wisconsin Cavalry. General Stone man moved upon an expedition from East Tennessee toward Lynchburg, Virginia. General Sheridan marched from Win chester, Virginia, through the country north and west of Rich mond, destroying immense resources of the enemy and coming out at the White House, whence he soon moved to join Grant. Pope was about to move on a campaign west of the Mississippi ; Hancock was in the Shenandoah Valley; Sherman and Schofield held Johnston in North Carolina, and Grant himself with the armies of the Potomac and the James, was about to swoop down upon Lee and his army around Richmond. The enemy writhed under the impending blow and attempted to frustrate it. At day-break on March 25th, the rebel general Gordon burst with two divisions upon Fort Steadman, on Hares' Hill, near Petersburg, and captured it and' batteries nine, ten, and eleven on its flanks, and turned our own guns upon us. But his sweeping advance was checked at Fort Hascall, and our forces rallied under General Hartranft, rushed upon the rebels and drove them out of our works and back to 966 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. their own, with a loss to them of 1,900 killed, wounded and prisoners, and to us of sixty-eight killed, three hundred and thirty-seven wounded, and five hundred and six missing. The brilliant recapture of Fort Steadman was witnessed by Presi dent Lincoln. But the grand assault was at hand ; thrilling events were about to take place. General Ord moved three divisions of the Army of the James to Hatcher's Run. March 29th Sheridan moved 9,000 cavalry to Dinwiddie Court House, southwest of Petersburg, on his way to cut Lee's communica tion, or to fall upon his flank if he could find it. Our unbroken lines now ran thus : Parke was before Petersburg, and thence toward our left were Wright, Ord, Humphreys, Warren and Sheridan. Notwithstanding a heavy rain, Sheri dan moved on the 30th to Five Forks, still farther toward the enemy's flank, and on the 31st, with great impetuosity, seized the place and fought a battle. Warren, on the 31st, advanced one division, instead of his corps, to take possession of the White Oak road, and was driven back. That success nerved the enemy to attack Sheridan, which they did, and forced him back also, though he retired slowly, hindering the advance of the rebels. April 1st, Sheridan, reinforced by Warren, attacked the enemy in front of Dinwiddie, drove them back on Five Forks, where late in the evening he assaulted and carried their strongly fortified position, and captured all their artillery and 5,000 or 6,000 prisoners. Warren's corps fought bravely, doubling up the left flank of the rebels in confusion ; but Sheridan, highly dissatisfied with the spirit and tardiness of Warren himself, with leave from Grant relieved him from command and turned it over to Griffin. A heavy bombardment was kept up during the night of April 1st, and the next morning at four o'clock a general assault was ordered. Wright swept everything before him, taking many guns and prisoners. Ord was equally successful, and then the two wheeled round toward Petersburg, while Parke assaulted and took the main rebel line, but not the innermost in front of the city. Humphreys advanced his part of the line with equal success, and Gibbon gallantly charged upon and captured the two strongest forts south of Petersburg. many soldiers before Petersburg learned it all, as they so often saw their wounded 980 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. or dead comrades brought in from the picket line, and heard the whistling of bullets through their tents. Charles S. Fourt, of Company K, when on picket, near Yorktown, early on April 24th, 1862, gave a most seasonable alarm, and shot the advance officer of an approaching rebel force, though receiv ing a severe wound himself that caused him months of suffer ing. Samuel E. Orvis, of Company E, came out of a storm of bullets at the battle of the Wilderness, with a shattered arm, whose broken bones grated as it swung by his side, and walked more than a mile rather than take the place in an ambu lance that some more needy one might want. Chaplain Reid superintended building rough chapels for the regiment, in which were held preaching services, prayer-meetings, Bible classes, class meetings, spelling schools, temperance meetings, debating societies, Union League meetings, and choir practice. Colonel Allen was leader of the regimental choir. Thomas Scott Allen was born in Andover, Alleghany County, New York, in 4824. He was, in succession, a printer-boy, teacher, student at Oberlin, Ohio, printer in Chicago, Galena and Mineral Point, county clerk, and member of the Wiscon sin Assembly. He enlisted as a private, became lieutenant, captain, major, and lieutenant colonel of the Second Wiscon sin, then colonel of the Fifth, and was brevetted brigadier general for gallant services. He was a hero in many battles, was four times wounded, had several horses shot under him, and his clothes often cut with bullets. His father, Rev. A. S. Allen, of Black Earth, built forts to protect our seaboard against the English, in the war of 1813, his father's father fought in the Revolution, and the family are of English and " Scotch Puritan lineage. A younger brother of the general, William Wirt, was taken prisoner at the second Bull Run battle, and nearly starved to death. He was afterward assist ant surgeon of the Fifth. The father so long and so earnestly hated slavery, that the sons had a special right to fight for its destruction. The general was elected secretary of state in November, 1865. The muster-out roster was as follows •: Colonel — Thomas S. Allen. Lieut. Colonel — James M. Bull. Surgeon — George D. Wilbur. Major — Charles W. Kempf. 1st AssH Surgeon — Ambrose Jones. Adjutant — William B. Sturges. 2d AssH Surgeon-^Wm. ~W. Allen. Quartermaster — Alexander Samuels. Chaplain — Brant C. Hammond. TWELFTH INFANTRY. 981 Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Evan B. Jnnes, Thomas Blair. Francis Kelly. B Charles D. Moore. Theodore Marcoe. C Miles L. Butterfield. Henry H. Linnell. Angus Cameron. D Jonas W. Van Myers. James La Count. James Young. E Charles R. Nevitt. John McCabe. F William Bremner. Calvin D. Richmond. William J. Baker. G Henry Curran. Ransom D. Squires. Charles J. Bracken. H Charles T. Wyman. Harmon S. Kribb. H. Levander Farf . I Thomas Flint. Lars E. Johnson. Henry B. Mason. K Shadrach A. Hall. Alfred T. Fleetwood. Philetus R. Tiffany. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,058. Gain: by recruits in 1863, 210 ; in 1864,' 684 ; in 1865, 25 ; substi tutes, 50; draft in 1865, 25 ; veteran reenlistments, 204 ; total, 2,256. Loss : — by death, 285 ; missing, 4 ; desertion, 105 ; transfer, 33 ; discharge, 405 ; muster-out, 1,424. TWELFTH INFANTRY. The history of the Twelfth Infantry, to Vicksburg, is embraced on pages 596 and 600 inclusive. They took part in the siege of Vicksburg, noticed on page 656 ; in the second battle of Jackson, page 662. In the terrible assault there they suffered no loss, although three companies were deployed as skirmishers to protect the flank of the assaulting column. Returning to Vicksburg, the regiment suffered much from sickness during the summer. August 12th, Adjutant Proudfit was commissioned lieutenant colonel, in place of Lieutenant Colonel Poole, resigned. On the 15th, the regiment embarked for Natchez. September 1st, they had the advance in an expe dition to Harrisonburg, Louisiana, commanded by General Crocker. November 22d, they embarked at Natchez, for Vicksburg, and went ten miles east, to guard the rail road near, the Big Black. December 4th, they returned to Vicksburg, and embarked for Natchez, where they joined a strong force sent out in pursuit of Wirt Adams' command. January 23rd, 1864, they embarked for Vicksburg, where five hundred and twenty-one of the men reenlisted. In February, they formed part of Sheridan's celebrated Meridian expedition. At Bolton they became engaged, and lost two men killed and four wounded, by the explosion of a rebel shell in the ranks of Company I. The regiment was complimented by their division commander, for their gallantry in charging 982 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. over a bridge at Baker's Creek, Lieutenant Jones, of Company C, with a detachment, being at his own request in advance. They returned to Hebron, in rear of Vicksburg, March 4th, having marched four hundred and sixteen miles. On the 13th, the reenlisted men went home on furlough. May 3rd, they rejoined the balance of the regiment, at Cairo, and moving by way of Huntsville, Decatur and Rome, they joined Sherman's army at Ackworth, Georgia, June 8th. Their position in the army is given on page 699 ; their part at Kenesaw, 716 ; their grand action at Bald Hill, pages 730, 731 ; at Atlanta 734 ; at Jonesboro, 735. In the campaign near Atlanta, in July, 1864, the Twelfth lost in battle on the 21st, about one hundred and fifty men ; on the 22d, one hundred and ten ; on the 28th, forty — three hundred in three days' fighting. Next, they defended our communications with Chattanooga, against Hood. Their particular experience in the march to the sea is given on page 959. At the battle of Pocotaligo, fifty miles from Savan nah, Captain Chandler, commanding the brigade skirmishers, was killed. In the campaign of the Carolinas, they crossed the Edisto River, marched through deep swamps, charged upon the rebels at Orangeburg, and drove them out of the place, private Warren, of Company H, capturing the garrison flag. They were present at Bentonville, noted, page 964. They par ticipated in the grand review of troops at Washington, and, June 7th, arrived at Louisville, Kentucky, where they were mustered out July 16th, and at Madison were paid and dis banded August 9th. . Colonel Proudfit was brevetted brigadier general, and also Lieutenant Colonel Strong, who was attached to Genera] Howard's staff. The last roster was as follows ; Colonel — James K. Proudfit. Lieutenant Colonel — William Strong. Surgeon — Ezra M. Rogers. Major — Carlton B. Wheelock. . 1st AssH Surgeon-^Samuel L. Marston. Adjutant — Levi M. Breese. 2d AssH Surgeon — Sherwood E. Seeley. Quartermaster — Frank B. Bryant. Chaplain — Henry J. Walker. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Charles Reynolds. Wallace Kelsey. Alva McKee. B Jonathan W. Root. Harrison P. Ballard. C Daniel G. Jones. William C. Stevens. James Sexton. D William Nungesser. Dan. J. Sullivan. George T. Wescott B Alpheus E. Kinney. Michael Griffin. F Frederick J. Bartels. James W. Loughrey. G W. P. Langworthy. Harlan P. Bird. Frank H. Putney. H Ephraira Blakeslee. William R. Bouton. James Lennon. I Francis Hoyt. Ely McVey. Irvin Gribble. K George R. Pyle. Franklin Philbrick. George Brown. SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. 983 Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,045. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 84; in 1864, 314; in 1865, 22; substitutes, 177; draft, in 1864, 24; 1865, 1; veteran reenlistments, 519; total 2,186. Loss:— by death, 294; desertion, 26; transfer, 64 ; discharge, 336 ; muster-out, 1,466. SIXTEENTH INFANTRY. The early history of the Sixteenth Regiment is presented on pages 477, 478. Their participation in the battle of Pitts burg Landing is related on pages 483, 484, 485, 489 ; in the siege of Corinth, 499 ; during the summer of 1862, 503 ; at Iuka, 511 ; in the battle of Corinth, 517. Immediately after the Corinth battle, the regiment was consolidated into five companies. February 1st, 1863, they were transferred to Lake Providence, Louisiana, where they remained until August, when they went into camp near Vicksburg. In September, they moved to Red Bone Church, near the Big Black, and guarded the fords over the river. During the winter, detach ments of the regiment had frequent skirmishes with the bands of Wirt Adams' cavalry. February 5th, they were ordered within the fortifications at Vicksburg, to assist in garrisoning; the city. March 4th, they were joined by three full compa nies, which had been recruited in Wisconsin for the regiment, and on the 6th, the reenlisted men, comprising three-fourths of the regiment, went home on furlough. The new compa nies, F, H, and K, moved on the 19th to Black River Bridge, where they remained as railroad guard until April 5th, when they returned to Vicksburg and embarked with the balance of the regiment for Cairo, where they were soon joined by the veteranB from Wisconsin, and one new company. They were there assigned to the first brigade, third division, seventeenth corps, and then moved to join Sherman's army. Their part at Kenesaw is given at page 717; their heroic action at Bald Hill, 730, 731 ; at Atlanta and Jonesboro, 735. October 3rd, they commenced a march to Chattanooga, in pursuit of Hood. Their movement to Savannah and Beaufort is given on page 959. On the 30th, the northward march was commenced. February 2d, they participated in the action at Whippy Swamp, and at Orangeburg crossed the North Edisto, waded through 984 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. swamps, and aided in driving the enemy from his position. Their part at Bentonville is noticed on page 964. They parti cipated in the pursuit of the rebels, under Johnston, after which they marched through Richmond to Washington, and took part in the review of the army May 24th. June 2d, the members of the regiment whose term of service expired before the next October 1st, were mustered out. On the 7th of June, the remainder of the regiment was ordered to Louisville, where the men were mustered out July 16th. August 1st, they were paid and disbanded at Madison. Colonel Fairchild was brevetted brigadier general for meritorious services during the war, and Lieutenant Colonel Reynolds was brevetted colonel. The muster-out roster was as follows : Colonel — Cassius Fairohlld. Lieutenant Colonel — Thomas Reynolds. Quartermaster- -Wiley S. Scribner. Major — Joseph Craig. Surgeon — Henry W. Turner. Adjutant- -D. Lloyd Jones. AssH Surgeon — W. S. Schermerhorn. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A James A. Biggert. J. H. Tower. Edward G. Waring. B John Kelly. Augustus P. Noyes. William E. Trowbridge, 0 Ernest Seifert. Isaac J. Hibbard. Charles Mann. D William F, Gibbs. Milton Grovar. Leroy Bennett. E Charles H. Bassett. James R. Martin. Curtis B. Stone. F George W. Roberts. James West. Julius J. Comstock. G Henry M. Culbertson. T. W. M. Macauly. William J. Marks. H Darwin 0. Whipple. John I. Tiuker. Edward W. Allen. I Devillo Saunders. Jesse Collins. Alva B. Wilkins. K James Norris. George Richmond. John S. Steadman. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,066. Gain: —by recruits in 1863, 70; in 1864, 547; in 1865, 12; substi tutes, 88 ; draft, in 1864, 155 ; in 1865, 19 ; veteran reenlist ments, 243 ; total, 2,200.. Loss : — by death, 363 ; missing, 46 ; desertion, 115 ; transfer, 38 ; discharge, 386 ; muster-out, 1,252. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. The early record of the Seventeenth Regiment has been made on pages 493 and 495 inclusive ; its part in the siege of Corinth is stated on page 499 ; its history during the summer of '1862, page 503; its highly honorable part in the battle of Corinth, 515, 516. November 2d, the regiment marched for seventeenth infantry. 985 Grand Junction, where Company A, that had been engaged in railroad guard since July, rejoined them. They were now transferred from the first to the second brigade, commanded by Colonel Bouck, of the Eighteenth Wisconsin, and November 22d, Lieutenant Colonel Malloy took charge of the regiment. They accompanied Grant's expedition southward in December, and returned after the surrender of Holley Springs. January 18th, 1863, they embarked at Memphis, to labor on the canal or "cut off" opposite Vicksburg. Their movement to the south of Vicksburg and across the Mississippi is noticed on page 644; their action at the battle of Champion Hills is described on page 649 ; at Big Black River, 653 ; their gallant services at the siege of Vicksburg, 657. They embarked, July 12th, for Natchez, where they were furnished with horses, and there performed duty as mounted infantry for three months. Participating in the expedition, led September 1st, by General Crocker, to Harrisonburg, Louisiana, they captured the rebel Steamer Rinaldo, and destroyed it. Fort Beauregard was cap tured ou the 5th, and the garrison flag was hauled down by the men of the Seventeenth. They lost one man killed and four wounded during the expedition, and captured twenty-five prisoners, returning to Natchez on the 7th. They were engaged in scouting until the latter part of October, when they were sent to Vicksburg, where they performed camp and guard duty during the winter. In January, 1864, seven- . eighths of the men reenlisted. March 8th, they went to Wis consin on furlough, and thence to Tennessee and Georgia, Colonel Malloy being placed in command of the third brigade, third division, seventeenth corps, to which the regiment was attached. Their position in Sherman's army is stated on page 699; action at Kenesaw, 717; at Bald Hill, 731; at Atlanta and Jonesboro, 735. Early in October, they accompanied the army to the rear, to repel the threatened attack of Hood upon the communications with Chattanooga, after which they returned to Atlanta, and set out with the army for the sea. Their march is noticed on pages 959, 964. At Goldsboro, Colonel Malloy, and Lieuten ant Colonel Scott rejoined the regiment Colonel Malloy had for some months been in command of the detached men of the 986 WISCONSIN IN THE war. seventeenth corps, in Georgia, Tennessee, and Alabama, guarding the railroad in the first-named State, and pushing his forces to Nashville in time to meet Hood in battle there. After Johnston's surrender, the regiment joined in the homeward march, participated in the review at Washington, moved to Louisville, and being there mustered out, July 14th, were soon disbanded, in Wisconsin. Colonel Malloy was brevetted brig adier general for meritorious services during the war. Briga dier General J. McArthur, in a letter to Governor Salomon, in 1863, complimented Colonel Malloy in the highest terms, and spoke well of the regiment. Rufus Broekway, seventy- three years of age, who served in the war of 1812, enlisted in this regiment, served eight months, came home sick, and died. The last roster is reported as follows : Colonel — A. G. Malloy. Lieutenant Colonel — D. D. Scott Quartermaster- -R. Phalon. Major — P . H. McCauley. Assistant Surgeon — George St. Sture. Adjutant- -H. Denuison. Chaplain — F. Fusseder. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants, A J. De La Hunt. Thomas Conan. B John McKenna. G. B. Walsh. B. Meyer. C Samuel Rea. Alexander McKenna. D J. C. Mass. Florian Reese. James E. Walker. E P. Fagan. Joseph F. Wigmore. Patrick Crogan. F Patrick Geraughty. J. Whaling. G Simon 0. Kane. Moses L. Rousseau. August Contine. H S. R. Apker. Henry Woolf J. B Fowler. I Thomas Reilly. G. Gage. John Kane. K R. H. Crane. J. Henderson. Regimental Satistics. — Original strength, 901. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 77 ; in 1864, 298 ; in 1865, 10 ; substi tutes, 136; draft, in 1864, 213; in 1865, 2; veteran reenlist ments, 287 ; total, 1,964. Loss : — by death, 221 ; missing, 5 ; desertion, 157 ; transfer, 32 ; discharge, 448 ; muster-out, 1,101. EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. The early record of the Eighteenth Regiment is given on pages 479, 480 ; at Pittsburg Landing, 484, 485, 490 ; at the siege of Corinth, 499 ; in the summer of 1862, 503, 504 ; at "the battle of Corinth, 516, 517. Subsequently they joined the EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY. 987 march toward southern Mississippi, with an experience similar to that of the Seventeenth Regiment and other troops, then moved to Memphis, and thence by steamer, to the vicinity of Vicksburg. Their part at the battle of Jackson is recorded- on page 647 ; at Champion Hills, page 649 ; at Big Black River, 653 ; at Vicksburg, 657. They remained at Vicksburg after the surrender until September 11th, when they embarked for Helena, which place was soon left for Memphis, whence they were transported by rail to Corinth, and marched from that point to the relief of Chattanooga. They were attached to the first brigade, third division, fifteenth corps. Their part at Mission Ridge is given on page 694. Early in December, they moved to Bridgeport, Alabama, and subsequently to Huntsville. January 4th, 1864, Colonel Bouck resigned. May 1st, the regiment marched to Whitesburg, on the Tennessee River, and, June 19th, commenced a march to the celebrated pass through a gorge in the AUatoona Mountains. It was a key position in the Atlanta campaign, and after the loss of that city, Hood attempted to take the pass, October 6th. He brought a heavy force, planted batteries, and opened a cannon ade, sent in a demand to surrender, which was quickly nega tived, made repeated assaults, fought with desperation, and finally retired with a loss of 1,300. The Eighteenth bore an honorable part in this battle. Companies E, F, and I, eighty men, under Captain Mclntyre, were in a block house two miles distant. They resisted fall attacks during the day, and retired only at dark, when the building was on fire, and both artillery and infantry were pouring their shots upon them. The Twelfth Wisconsin Battery also covered itself with honor here. They planted one gun outside the works, and opened upon some rebels who were planting a battery a mjle distant. Six guns replied, and did not silence them with two hours' firing. One hundred and thirty-five reenlisted veterans returned from Milwaukee to Nashville early in 1865, and joined Gene ral Schofield's force that went to North Carolina, where at Goldsboro they rejoined their regimental comrades, who had made the march to the sea and through the Carolinas. They took part in the joyful homeward march through Richmond and Washington, and at Louisville, July 18th, were mustered out, with the following roster : 988 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Lieut. Colonel — Charles H. Jackfcon. Surgeon — Erastus J. Buck. Major — James P. Millard. 1st AssH Surgeon — Josh. J. Whitney. Adjutant — Horatio G. Coykendall. Chaplain — George Stokes. Quartermaster — Frederick A. Bremer. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Robert F. Mullen. William T. Lyons. B Henderson Farmer. i C William N. Garter, Jr. D Moulton De Forest. Thomas H. Dolan. E George Collier. F Joseph W. Roberts. G Joseph L. Cotey. H Riley P. Colt. Maurice Gray. I Peter Mclntyre. K Malcolm Bruner. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 962. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 61 ; in 1864, 103; in 1865, 34; substi tutes, 28 ; draft, in 1864, 200 ; in 1865, 71^ veteran reenlist ments, 178 ; total, 1,637. Loss : — by death,, 220 ; missing, 78 ; desertion, 208 ; transfer, 23 ; discharge, 265 ; muster-out, 843. NINETEENTH REGIMENT. The early history of the Nineteenth Wisconsin is recorded on pages 389 and 395 inclusive. October 8th, 1863, they removed from Newport News, Virginia, to Newbern, North Carolina, where they were assigned to outpost and picket duty. At the time of the attack upon Newbern, February 1st, 1864, the Nineteenth Wisconsin was on the south side of the Trent River, near the town, Lieutenant Colonel Strong having com mand of the defenses. Three companies, serving as artillery, were stationed at fortified points several miles distant, guard ing the approaches to the town. The assault made on that day was gallantly repulsed, for which General Peck complimented the regiment in general orders. Company A, at Evans' Mills was attacked by a* greatly superior force the following day, but held their position until the arrival of reinforcements, when the enemy abandoned the attack. April 19th, six companies moved to reinforce the garrison at Plymouth, but the place sur rendered four hours before their arrival. On the 26th, the regiment moved to Yorktown, and thence with General But ler's army up the James River, as described on page 938. In a dense fog, May 16th, when a few rods distant from his regi ment, Lieutenant Colonel Strong found himself captured by NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 989 four stalwart Tennesseeans. Reposing some trust in him as their guide, they were adroitly led in the direction of his regi ment, who were lying down. When near our men, he asked tcf be released from the grasp of his captors sufficiently to take out his pocket handkerchief. The instant he was free, he bounded towards his regiment, and gave the command, " Attention !" in such a tone, that they rose and brought their rifles upon the Tennesseans, who cried out, " Don't fire !" and they soon went off to the rear as prisoners, muttering about the " Yankee trick " that had been played upon them. v The position of the regiment before Petersburg is stated on page 945 ; their part in the assault of June 30th, page 945. August 13th, two hundred and fifty reenlisted men went home on furlough, and the remainder were assigned to Norfolk as provost guards. On the return of the veterans they joined the army before Richmond. Their brave and distinguished part in the battl^of Fair Oaks is given on pages 953, 954. After the battle, Major Vaughn, who escaped unhurt, was in command, and the regiment served on the lines near Chapin's Farm ' until, April, 1865. v During the previous year heavy details were made from the regiment, to serve as sharpshooters in the Eighteenth and Twenty-fourth Corps. The promi nent part of the regiment in the capture of Richmond is stated on page 968. The non-veterans, at the close of their term of service, were mustered out April 28th. April 27th the others moved from Richmond to Petersburg, and on May 1st were consolidated into five companies. May 4th, Lieutenant Theodore Charron, after a week's illness, died at Richmond. He had served through the war, had borne all the toils of an enlisted man, and had proved himself a true and faithful soldier. They were mustered out at Richmond, and August 9th, two hundred and sixty-five in number, they started for Wisconsin, where they were entertained at the fair in Milwaukee, and disbanded at Madison. Colonel Vaughn served-' with his command through the whole war, and was recommended for the rank of brigadier general. The defeat of the Confederacy rendered action unnecessary. Brevet Brigadier General Saunders died at Washington October 6th, 1865. Honorable W. H. Tucker, the first captain of Com- 990 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. pany B, an able man, once a member of the Wisconsin Senate, died in Chicago of disease contracted in the army. Joseph H. Nichols, the first chaplain, died in Washington, January, 1863. William Knapp and A. C. Barry were his successors. (See "Errata" for corrections in the first roster.) The muster-out roster of the final battalion, as at the adju tant general's office, was as follows : Lieut. Colonel — Samuel R. Vaughn. 1st AssH Surgeon — Edward F. Dodge. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second IAeutenants. A Charles E. Chandler. B Jonathan S. Potter. C Alonzo H. Russell. D James G. Lowery. E Alex. P. Ellenwood. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 973. Gain: — by recruits in 1863, 26 ; in 1864, 156 ; in 1865, 5 ; substitutes, 54 ; veteran reenlistments, 270 ; total, 1,484. Jjoss :— by death, 136; desertion, 46; transfer, 152; discharge, 345; muster- out, 805. Sergeant E. A. Dwinnell, of Reedsbury, with the veterans of the Nineteenth Regiment, was in the charge upon the enemy's works at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 21th, 1864. He received four wounds, had his haversack cut off, and two balls through his clothing. Falling upon his face, he backed off the field fifty rods, drawing his knapsack at his head for protection, his right hafld being torn from side to side by a minnie ball, and his left arm bruised by an unknown missile. He was thus saved from being made a prisoner by the rebels, who captured his brother in the same charge and held him four months. Widow Ann Fosdick, of Logansville, Sauk county, had four sons, single men, in the army — two in Wisconsin and two in Iowa regiments. All served three years or more, except one, wounded after two years service. One was captured in the fall of 1863. After terrible sufferings in many Southern prisons, in which every one of the 13 of the Wis. regimeut captured with him perished, he was taken to Salisbury, N. C, in January, 1865. Another brother in the Nineteenth Wisconsin was captured at Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27th, 1864, and taken to Salisbury. The two brothers were some weeks together in the pen, were together paroled about the first of February and taken to Wilmington, thence to Annapolis and to St. Louis, where they were furloughed for home. When about leaving the latter city, they for the first time recognized each other. The one who had been longest in prison had been given up as dead by the family and by the brother who now met him. Judge of the surprise and joy of the meeting, as well as of the great change wrought by Southern prisons upon the faces of the sufferers. CHAPTER VI. TWENTY- FIRST, TWENTY- SECOND, TWENTY- FIFTH, TWENTY- SIXTH, THIRTY- FIRST, THIRTY- SECOND, THIRTY- SIXTH, THIRTY- SEVENTH, THIRTY- EIGHTH INFANTRY. Twenty-First, — REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Twenty-Second, ORIGIN, REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Twenty-Fifth, — ORIGIN, REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Twenty- Siosth, — REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Thirty-First, Thirty -Second, Thirty-Sixth, Thirty-Saeonth, Thirty-Eighth,,— ORIGIN, REVIEW AND CLOSE. TWENTY-FIRST INFANTRY. The early history of the. Twenty-first Regiment is given on pages 604, 605, and their part at the battle of Chaplin Hills on pages 608, 611, 612. From that battle to Nashville, their record is on page 618 ; in the battles of Jefferson and Stone River, pages 622, 627, 628. During the winter and spring following they remained at Murfreesboro, and moved with Rosecrans' army the next summer, as described in the chapter on Chickamauga, commencing page 677. Their record in the battle of Chickamauga is given on pages 678, 680 to 683, 688 ; at Missionary Ridge, 693, 694. During the winter of 1863-4, they were part of an outpost of the army on the. crest of Lookout Mountain, 2,400 feet above the Tennessee River. Their record in the Atlanta campaign has been given as follows : Position in the army, page 699 ; at Resaca, 701, 702; at Dallas, 709 ; at Kenesaw, 717, 718 ; at Peach Tree Creek, 727; at Atlanta, 735. They engaged in the pursuit of Hood back to Kingston, Major Walker commanding, and while there $27,000 of ten months' pay were committed by the regiment 63 992 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. to Chaplain Clinton, to be carried to Wisconsin. A notice of their march to the sea is given on page 959; their action at Averysboro, 962 ; at Bentonville, 963. Thus this regiment through its whole history was associated with other Wisconsin troops in battles and campaigns. It engaged in the pursuit of Johnston to Raleigh, and thence by a very severe march of 185 miles in six days, proceeded to Richmond. On the "Grand Review" at Washington, it received special praise. At Milwaukee they were greeted by a public dinner, and June 17th were discharged. Of 960 who left the state in the regiment, only 260 returned with it. The regiment marched 3,000 miles, were engaged in 17 battles and 25 skirmishes, had 350 men struck with rebel bullets, and 175 taken prisoners. At the battle of Resaca, a Mr. Smith, of Company F, was wounded by six bullets and lived several days. General J. C. Davis says that the regiment was one of the best in his corps.. Lieutenant Colonel Fitch, long in com mand, was brevetted colonel. Chaplain Clinton continued in his office from first to last, and enjoyed very unusual respect and attachment from the regiment The religious element was active and influential. > Colonel Sweet was never able to return to his duties after being severely wounded at Chaplin Hills. His loss to the regiment was deeply regretted by many. He was subsequently stationed at Chicago, and was accredited with much sagacity and promptness in defeating the rebel plot against that city. General Hobart made his escape from Libby Prison through the noted tunnel, and rejoined his regiment early in 1864. He was commissioned colonel November 1st, and assigned to the command of the First Brigade First Division Fourteenth Army Corps. At Savannah he was brevetted brigadier general. At the close of the war he received high commen dation for his military services from Major Generals C. W. Walcutt and L. H. Rousseau. General Hobart is a native ot Ashburnham, Massachusetts. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1842, studied law with the celebrated Robert Rantoul of Boston, and settled in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, in 1846. He was a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1846, and of the first State Senate. In 1850 he was speaker "Western Eitoraotitg Co. Ckioaoo- Y\ ^ \A VrVwvV^ BRIG- GEN. H.C.HOBAH.T. ENORAVED EXPEESSLYEOR-WSCOl-ISIUlMTHE-VfflR.0)? THE REBELLION!' TWENTY-FIRST. INFANTRY. 993 of the Legislative Assembly. In the autumn of 1865, while yet fresh from the battle-field, he was the Democratic candi- iate for governor of Wisconsin. The muster-out roster is as follows : Colonel — Habrison C. Hobabt. Lieut Colonel — Michael H. Fitch. Surgeon — James T. Reeve. Major — Charles H. Walker. 1st AssH Surgeon — Wm. M. Hoyt. -B. F. Fuller. 2d AssH Surgeon — Henry L. Barnes. -Sam. H. Fernandez. Chaplain — Orson P. Clinton. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Hiram K. Edwards. Waiaon H. Cook. Samuel Hotalling. B James E. Stuart. Edgar Vredenburgh. Alexander Peterson. C William 0. Hubbard. D John H. Otto. Lyman C. Waite. E Fred. W. Borehardt. Charles F. Weston. August Hansen. F Edward Donan. Ambrose S. Delaware. G William L. Watson. David D. Burnham. '' H Charles H. Morgan. Benjamin F. Fuller. Henry N. Hanson. I Albert B. Bradish. Charles B, Clark. Gustavus Jaeger. K Joseph La Count. John E. Davies. Regimental STATiSTics.-^Original strength, 1,002. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 2; in 1864, 152; in 1865, 15; total, 1,171. Loss: — by death, 288; desertion, 4.0 ; transfer, 99; discharge, 261; muster-out, 483. ' (See appendix.) ' TWENTY- SECOND INFANTRY. The 22d Infantry rendezvoused at Camp Utley, Racine, in August, 1862. The companies were from the counties of Rock, Racine, Green, and Walworth. They were mustered into service on the 2d of September, and in two weeks left the state with the following roster : Colonel — William L. Utley. Lieut. Colonelr—EdL. Bloodgood. Surgeon— George W. Bicknell. Major — E. D. Murray. 1st As. Surgeon — C. S. Blanchard. Adjutant— -"William Bones. 2d As. Surgeon— Jerome Burbank. Quartermaster — John E. Holmes. Chaplain — D. C. Pillsbury. Captains. A. — G. R. Williamson. B. — Thomas B. Northrop 0.— Charles W. Smith. D.— A. G. Kellam. E. — Isaac Miles. ]P. — Owen Griffiths. G. — James Bintliff. H. — Gus. Goodrich. I. —Warren Hodgdon. K.— G. E. Bingham. First Lieutenants. Francis Mead. George H. Brown. Darwin R. May. Charles E. Dudley. Calvin Reeves. Nelson Darling. Thomas H. Eaton. Wal. H. Jennings. Perry W. Tracy. John Stewart. Second Lieutenants. George Baumann. William H. Calvert. Isaac W. Kingman. J. Oscar Conricks. Gage Burgess. Robert T. Pugh. Flutte Annis. Albert S. Cole. Marshall W. Pattbn. Ephraim H. Newman 994 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Colonel TJtley was an old resident of Wisconsin, and for several years represented Racine county in the State senate. He had been twice adjutant general of the State, and by his military skill and experience had contributed much to the prompt organization of the first troops that left the State. The regiment proceeded to Cincinnati to aid in defending that city against a threatened attack by Kirby Smith. Crossing the Ohio river into Kentucky, September. 22d, they went into camp four miles south of Covington. October 7th they com menced the march to Lexington. On the 31st they were assigned to the first brigade, first division of the Army of Kentucky. They performed provost guard duty at Nicholas ville from the middle of November until the 12th of Decem ber, when they moved to Danville, and were there occupied in scouring the country in search of the enemy until January 26, 1863, at which date they started for Louisville, where, February 2d, they embarked for Nashville. While they were stationed in Kentucky, the master of a runaway slave, who had taken refuge in their camp, attempted to recapture him. Colonel Utley refused to allow it, pre ferring if necessary to lose his position, than to permit such an outrage upon his sense of humanity and justice. The regiment sympathized with and sustained him in his course. Legal proceedings were undertaken against him in a Kentucky court, and a Kentucky sheriff was ordered to arrest him, but did not attempt it. They proceeded from Nashville to reenforce General Gilbert at Franklin. There Colonel Utley and 365 men joined a large foraging expedition to Spring Hill, but soon encountered the enemy and fought them until night. The next day a severe battle of five hours was fought, when the Federals were over whelmed by numbers, and a large part of them captured. Colonel Utley and a part of his command were among the number, but Lieutenant Colonel Bloodgood, Major Smith, and 200 men escaped. March 25th about 500 of the regiment, under the lieutenant colonel, while guarding the railroad at Brentwood, were surprised and captured by a superior force, and sent to Richmond. After being exchanged they reached Nashville again June 15th, and July 3rd were ordered from TWSNTY-SRCOND KWSIMRNT. 995 Franklin to Murfreesboro. There Chaplain Pillsburv, who was highly regarded, was discharged on account of ill health. In February they moved to Nashville, and in April to Lookout Valley, near Chattanooga, Their position in Sherman's army is given on page 099 ; their action at Resaca, page 702 ; at Dallas, 709 : at Kenesaw, 718 : at Teach Tree Creek, 728 ; at Atlanta, 785, 7S0. They remained as garrison at Atlanta after the capture, occasionally engaging in large and laborious foraging expeditions. Their movement to the sea is noticed on pages 9o9, 960 ; their part at .•Vvorysboro'. 962 : at Benton ville. 964. With tho 20th Corps they crossed the river Neuse March 28rd, and the ensuing day encamped at Ooldsboro, Marching thence on the 27th as guard of a wagon train to Kiuston they returned on the 30th to Ooldsboro. where they remained in camp for ten days, and then started for Raleigh, which they reached April 14th, On the 80th they set out for Washington : passed through Richmond May 11th, and reached Alexandria on the 19th, They took part in the Grand Review of Sherman's arnvr on the 24th, and subse quently remained in camp near Washington until June 12th. at which date they were mustered out and started for Mil waukee, where thoy were soon after paid and disbanded. The muster-out roster is reported as follows : G&WSi— < firyWAX* BUVWSOiYTi. JM^iN-On»ri<« W. Smith. v-%/»ij*«w— TKvasss RwtetariL J^M***— J» <•"- P>«S>n- O *£&%»¦» — OWrgei S^ Brsdksy. t\ C Chsrtas k 6w.sU, P A. vJ. K«K*s». Chirios £. l>iKi%-. K H««ty R* Stetson. Fjirsosw P. Rvaayv. J? Th.v.sssJ. V*s\w. ,TA» B^W*U, t* FtaM** Arr.iis. Charies A. Booth. U A1V*h S. Oete. 1 JohnW. Paris*. K William Bcws. Ysm5^jks» S. X«^raM&. RtxsiMRNTAt. Statistics, — Original strength. 1.009. Gain : — by recruits in 1804. 189: in 180o. 4; substitutes, ISO: draft in l80o. 22S : total, l,$0,x Loss : — by death, 236; desertion, 46; transfer, SI : discharge, 196 : muster-out, 1.006, 996 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTBY. The Twenty-fifth Infantry was composed principally of men from the counties bordering on the Mississippi. They ren dezvoused at La Crosse early in September, 1862, and had the following roster: Colonel — Milton Montgomery. Lieut. Colonel — Sam'l J. Nasmith. Surgeon — Martin E. Gage. Major — J. M. Busk. 1st As. Surgeon — Jacob McCreavy. Adjutant — George G. Symes. 2d As. Surgeon — William A. Gatt. Quartermaster^Wm. H. Downs. Chaplain — T. 0. Golden. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A. — James Berry. C. E. Butt. John E. Casson. B. — William H. Joslyn. William Eoush. William H. Bennett. C. — H. D.Farquharson. L.S.Mason. ' Thomas Barnett. D. — James D. Condit. Mortimer E. Leonard. Charles S. Farnham. E.— John G. Scott. John W. Smelker. John M. Shaw. F. — James 0. Farrand. Parker 0. Dunn. Oscar E. Foote. G.— -Virus W. Dorwin. J. W. Brackett. Eobert J. Whittleton. H. — Ziba S. Swan. Charles F. Olmstead. Henry C. Wise. I. — Eobert Nash. Daniel N. Smalley. John T. Eichards. K.— rEobert M. Gordon. Charles A. Hunt. Lewis F. Grow. On the 19th of September, they were ordered to report to Major General Pope at St. Paul, for duty in preventing out breaks among the Indians. They were assigned by companies to New Ulm, Fairmount, and other places on the north-western frontier, until November, when they had a severe winter march of 300 miles to Winona. Returning to Madison in January, they left for Columbus, Kentucky, on February 17th. In May they embarked for Young's Point, and proceeded up the Yazoo Eiver to Sartatia. June 5th, they, with the 27th Wis consin and other regiments, were formed into Montgomery's Brigade, under Colonel Montgomery. Their movement to Vicksburg, and services there, are stated on page 658. While at Snyder's Bluff they suffered much from disease, 500 being sick at once, and only 100 being left fit for duty. July 25th, four companies moved to Lake Providence, and the remainder to Helena — the latter being joined by the former, August 12th. There Colonel Montgomery commanded the district of Eastern TWHNTT-FIFTH IOTANTRY. 997 Arkansas. January 29th, 1864, Lieutenant Colonel Rusk in command, they went to Vicksburg, and accompanied Sher man's Meridian expedition, marching 275 miles to Canton, Mississippi, and returning again. In March they proceeded to Cairo, and thenco to Decatur, Alabama, where, April 17th, they had an engagement with the enemy. They soon moved eastward, and joined Sherman's army. Their position in it is described on page 699 ; their action at Resaca, page 703 ; at Dallas, 709 ; at Kenesaw, 719 ; their grand record at Decatur, 782,733; in the reduction of Atlanta, 736. They joined in the movement to the north of Atlanta as far as Rome, to guard against Hood. Their part in the march to the sea is stated on page 960. January 4th, 1865, they embarked at Thunderbolt for Beaufort, where Colonel Montgomery, who lost an arm and was taken prisoner at Decatur, returned and took command of his brigade. In the campaign through the Carolinas, they had a skirmish on the 18th of January, and on the 20th a suc cessful engagement with the rebels near the Salkehatchie River. In the encounter, Lieutenant Colonel Rusk was dis mounted by a rebel shell, which grazed his horse's head and knocked him down, and killed an orderly in the rear. The regiment were building corduroy bridges the last week in January, and were leading the marching column the first in February. At the Salkehatchie and Edisto Rivers, they waded through mud and water three or four feet deep, to attack the enemy, and in the latter instance drove them out of their works. Soon after, they camped near the old rebel prison ground at Columbia, and next were set to grinding corn for our army. February 20th, they supported Howard's forces that attacked the rebel works before G-oldsboro. They joined in the pursuit of Johnston to Raleigh, took part in the review at Washington, and June 7th were mustered out. At Mil waukee and Madison they were cordially welcomed, and at the latter place disbanded. Colonel Montgomery and Lieutenant Colonel Rusk were brevetted brigadier generals for merito rious services during the war. They were able and brave commanders, and highly patriotic men. Colonel Montgomery took a noble part in leading soldiers to the field, and was a very cool, sagacious and brave officer at all times, especially in WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. battle. Chaplain Harwood was earnestly devoted to his work. When before Atlanta he was struck by a piece of shell, and barely escaped with his life. His journal gives a glimpse of many sorrowful scenes among the sick, wounded, dying and dead. He mourned over the prevalence of profanity, and sometimes had occasion to rebuke men for uttering profane language while burying their dead comrades. But he was witness of the power and comfort of true religion in the case of many a dying soldier. * The muster-out roster of the regiment is reported as fol lows : Colonel — Milton Montgomery. Lieut. Colonel — Jeremiah M. Rusk. Surgeon — William A. G-ott. Major — William H. Joslyn. 1st AssH Surgeon — Charles A. Dalgaim. Adjutant — John Fitzgerald. Chaplain — Thomas Harwood. Quartermaster — David 0. Hope. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A John R. Casson. Warren G-. Davis. John Williams. B Edward E. Houston. C "Herill D. Farquharson. Joel Allen Barber. Pleasant S. Ritchett. • D Martin B. Leonard. Charles S. Farnham. Andrew J. High. B John M. Shaw. James McCoy. Benjamin P. Saltzman. F Rot Roy McGregor. Whiting A. Woolhizer. Alfred H. Lamb. G- Benjamin B. Gurley. Julius A. Parr. John W. McKay. H Ziba S. Swan. James Prawley. I Daniel N. Smalley. John T. Richards. Charles B. Blanchard. K Charles A. Hunt. John R. Cannon. Oliver M. York. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,018. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 20 ; in 1864, 282 ; in 1865, 10 ; sub stitutes, 6; draft, in 1864, 95; in 1865,13; total, 1,444. Loss : — by death, 422 ; desertion, 20 ; transfer, 65 ; discharge, 165; muster-out, 722. TWENTY- SIXTH INFANTEY. The history of the Twenty-sixth Infantry to Gettysburg, is given on page 395 and 402 inclusive, and in the battle at that place on pages 417, 418. September 24th, they moved with the Eleventh Corps for Bridgeport, Alabama. They took part in the battle of Wauhatchie, described on pages 691, 692, and of Mission Ridge, 695. November 29th, they marched toward TWENTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. 999 Knoxville for the relief of Burnside, Captain F. Winkler in command, and returned to Lookout Valley the next month, hav- . ing suffered much from the inclemency of the weather, most of the men being without blankets, and many barefooted. The position of the regiment in Sherman's army is noticed on page 699. They were in the third brigade, third division of their corps. Their part at Resaca is given on pages 703, 704; at Dallas, 710 ; at Kenesaw, 719 ; Peach Tree Creek, 728, 729 ; Atlanta, 736. They were at Atlanta and the Chattahoochie bridge until the march to the sea, their part in which is noticed on page 960 ; ' at Averysboro, on page 962, 963 ; at Benton ville, 964. On the march northward they remained in Rich mond three days, and, arriving in Washington, were reviewed with Sherman's Army. General Coggswell, who commanded the brigade from Savannah, in an official communication to the Secretary of War, said that the Twenty-sixth Wisconsin was one of the finest military organizations in the service. They were cordially welcomed in Milwaukee June 17th, and on the 29th were paid and disbanded. Lieutenant Colonel Winkler was brevetted colonel, and then brigadier general, an honor scarcely ever or never more worthily bestowed. Major Luck- ner was brevetted lieutenant colonel, and Captain Fuchs major. The muster-out roll is reported as follows : Colonel — Fred. C. Winkler. Lieut. Colonel — Francis C. Lackner. Quartermaster — Adolph Hensel. Major — John W. Fuchs. Surgeon — Simon Vander Vaat. Adjutant — George W. Jones. Chaplain — John Kilian. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Frank M. Fiers. B Peter Guttman. C Henry Rauth. Julius Mueller. D Joseph Marschauer. Henry Eisner. E William Steinmeyer. Joseph Arnold. F Andrew J. Fullerton. G Lambert Weiss. H I Wm. H. Hemschemeyer Oswald Schubert K Caspar Buchner. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,002. Gain : — by recruits in 1864, 84; in 1865, .2; substitutes, 1; total, 1,089. Loss: — by death, 254; desertion, 31; transfer, 125; discharge, 232; muster-out, 447. 1000 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. THIETY- FIBST INFANTEY.* Six companies of this regiment were recruited, principally during the 'month of August, 1862, and were ordered to ren dezvous on the 23rd of September at Prairie du Chien. There companies, A, B, C, D, E and F, were organized under the supervision of Colonel Isaac E. Messmore, and mustered into the service of the United States on the 9th of October. The regiment, on its removal to Camp Utley, had added to it com panies G, H, I and K, and its final organization was completed January 13th, 1863. They left the State for active service on the 1st of March with the following roster : Colonel — Isaac E. Messmoee. Lieut. Colonel — Francis H. West. Surgeon — Darius Mason. -William J. Gibson. 1st As. Surgeon — Joseph B. Gailor. Adjutant — James F. Sudduth. 2d As. Surgeon — Wm. M. Thomas. Quartermaster — Eufus King. Chaplain — Alfred Brunson. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Henry A. Chase. George F. Lewis. Henry C. Anderson. B — E. B. Stephenson. Nathaniel B. Treat. Thomas Beattie. C — Ira D. Burdick. Paul Jerdeau. William Williamson. D — OrmsbyB. Thomas. Nathaniel 0. Denio. Charles M. Lockwood. E — James B. Mason. Daniel B. Dipple. Hiram Stevens. F — Charles W. Burns. Charles L. Fayette. James Eaynor. G — George D. Eogers. Farlin Q. Ball. James P. Corbin. H — Edw. K. Buttrick. John P. Willard. Samuel J. Hooker. I — John B. Vleit. Harvey M. Brown. Edwin Turner. K — Edwin A. Bottum. George E. Peck. Theoph. B. Brunson. Arriving at Columbus, Kentucky, they were assigned to the sixth division Sixteenth Army Corps, and ordered into camp at Fort Halleck. While here they were engaged in picket and provost duty, and made several reconnoissances through the surrounding country. During the summer they suffered much from sickness. In July and August, their loss from disease was over thirty. In the movement of the Union forces, after the battle of Chickamauga, they proceeded to Nashville, Tennes see. Colonel J. E. Messmore resigned at this place, and Lieu- % * The history of this regiment is derived chiefly from an account written by Major Farlin Q. Ball, formerly captain of Company G. THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 1001 tenant Colonel F. H. West was appointed colonel. From October 5th to the 25th the regiment was at Lavergne, and then moved to Murfreesboro. Companies B, G and K, under command of Captain Stephenson, were detached from the regiment and stationed at Stone River, where they were engaged in erecting fortifications and guarding the railroad* bridge. The regiment was assigned, on the 14th of April, 1864, to the fourth division, Twentieth Corps, and were then divided into detachments, which were stationed from Mur freesboro southward to Normandy, a distance of thirty miles, on the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. The entire dis tance was patroled once an hour, day and night. A part of the regiment was mounted and, under command of Lieutenant Beattie, of company B, scoured the country on both sides of the road for miles. June 6th, they were ordered to Murfrees boro, and thence moved to Nashville. Next, they were transferred to the third brigade, first division, Twentieth Army Corps, and joined Sherman's army in the trenches before Atlanta. Their services there are noticed on pages "36 and 737. After the reduction of that place, they were several times engaged as guard in heavy and dangerous foraging in the surrounding country. Their part in the march to the sea is noticed on page 960. January 18th, 1865, they crossed the Savannah river and marched for Perrysburg, twenty-five miles distant, where they rejoined the first and third divisions of the corps. Heavy rains had at this time flooded the whole surrounding country, compelling the corps to remain at this place until the 28th of January. Eighty-six years before, in the same month of the year, the American army under General Lincoln was water bound at this same place for three weeks, by which delay we lost Savannah, as the British garrison was meanwhile reinforced. In the mai-ch through the Carolinas the Thirt}T-first performed their full share in destroying rail roads, building corduroy roads, and foraging upon the country. Their part in the battle of Averysboro is stated on page 963 ; at Bentonville, 964. When the official report of services at Bentonville reached the War Department, Colonel West was brevetted brigadier general, with rank from the day of that battle. When the regiment reached Goldsboro, the men were 1002 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. greatly in want of clothing ; nearly ten per cent, were without shoes, and many had marched the last one hundred and fifty miles in that condition. It had rained during twenty-three of the sixty-five days occupied by their march. Participating in the pursuit of Johnston and the review at Washington, they Tuoved to Louisville, and June 20th the first six companies were mustered out, and June 8th the remainder, who had been detained at Louisville under Lieutenant Colonel Rogers. At Madison they were all disbanded, when they returned to peaceful citizen life. The muster-out roster as reported is as follows : Colonel — Francis H. West. Lieut. Colonel — George D. Rogers. Surgeon — William M. Thomas. Adjutant — James F. Sudduth. 1st AssH Surgeon — Hermogene S. Balcom. Quartermaster — James E. Owens. Chaplain — Nathan Woodworth. ympan y. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Henry A. Chase. George F. Lewis. * B Nathaniel B. Treat. Thomas Beattie. Allen J. Canfield. C William Williamson. Paul Jerdeau. D Nathaniel C. Denio. Charles M. Lockwood. David Van Wirt. E Daniel B. Dipplo. iHiram Stevens. Charles R. Bridgman. F Charles W. Burns. James Raynor. Oliver S. Putnam. G Farlin Q. Ball. James P. Corbin. Edwin B. Cummings. H Byron Hewitt. Samuel J. Hooker. I Martin C. Short. Elvin H. Smith. K George R. Peck. Leonard A. Bonney. Orville Strong. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 878. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 8 ; in 1864, 188 ; in 1865, 4; total, 1,078. Loss : — by death, 114 ; missing, 2 ; desertion, 52 ; transfer, 33 ; discharge, 167 ; muster-out, 710. THIETY-SECOND INFANTEY. The companies composing the Thirty-second Regiment were recruited from the northern counties of the State, and called into Camp Bragg, at Oshkosh, on the 13th of September, 1862. Their organization was soon effected under the direction of Colonel James H. Howe, of Green Bay, who resigned his office as attorney general of the State to accept the command. They were mustered into the United States service September 25th, and on the 30th of October left the State with the follow ing roster : THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 1003 i Colonel — James H. Howe. Lieut. Colonel — Wm. A. Bugh. Surgeon— George D. Wilbur. Major— A. B. Smedley. 1st As. Surgeon — James La Dow. Adjutant — Ben. M. Beckwith. 2d As. Surgeon — Geo. W. Fay. Quartermaster — G. P. Farnsworth. Chaplain — Samuel Fallows. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Chas. H. DeGroat. G. G. Woodruff. Mortimer B. Pierce. B — Wm. E. Hodges. George Patten. Albert S. Bixby. G — Jos. H. Carleton. James H. Hubbard. Alfred S. Tucker. D — Jas. Freeman. N. H. Whittemore. William A. Tanner. E — Irwin Eckels. Calvin D. Eichmond. Lemuel H. Wells. F — Mat. J. Meade. Michael F. Kalmbach.Paul Daken. G — Wm. B. Manning. James L. Jones. W. F. D. Bailey. H — Wm. S. Burrows. Jas. K. Pompelly. Thomas Bryant. I — Geo. E. Wood. William Young. David J. Quimby. K — John E. Grout. Lewis Low. John Walton. They proceeded to Memphis, and November 26th joined an expedition under General Sherman destined for Jackson, Missis sippi. The roads were bad and the weather inclement, and the men, unaccustomed to such fife, suffered severely. The surren der of Holly Springs defeated the object of the expedition, and they returned to Memphis late in January, 1863. There they remained as provost guard ten months. Chaplain Fallows resigned in June, 1863. November 26th they moved to La Grange, and Moscow being attacked December 3rd, they marched rapidly to its aid, arriving in time to repulse the enemy and save Colonel Hatch's cavalry from capture. Early m January, 1864, they moved to Memphis, and thence to Vicksburg, where they were attached to the second brigade, fourth division, sixteenth corps, and took part in Sherman's Meridian expedition, Colonel Howe commanding the brigade. At Jackson, they patroled the city and held the pontoon bridge across the Pearl river, which the rebels in their hasty retreat had left undestroyed. After the Federal troops passed, the regiment destroyed the bridge and rejoined the expedition at Brandon. On the 16th, while they were engaged in destroying the Mobile and Ohio railroad, they were attacked by a brigade of rebel cavalry, who were repulsed, after which the regiment with their brigade encamped at Marion, six miles from Meri dian. Returning to Vicksburg, March 4th, they embarked for 1004 Wisconsin ra the war. Memphis on the 12th, and thence for Paducah. Next they proceeded up the Tennessee two hundred miles to Clump's Landing, from which they marched to Decatur, Alabama, where they arrived April 10th, and engaged in guard duty and escorting forage trains. May 25th, companies A, C. D and F, with other troops, were repulsed in a brisk skirmish. The next day the brigade, with artillery and cavalry, under Colonel Howe, followed the enemy seven miles, when the Thirty-second, in the advance, met a portion of the rebels and drove them seven miles to their main force, under Generals Roddy and Pickett. Colonel Howe with the Thirty-second immediately attacked, and by an impetuous charge completely routed them, capturing one gun and a number of prisoners, and having two men wounded. In the afternoon they pursued the rebels to Jonesboro and returned to Decatur. June 28th, the brigade marched down the Tennessee river, without roads or artillery, and traveling all day and night, near Courtland surrounded a rebel camp of about four hundred men, whom they attacked and repulsed, killing and wounding seventeen and capturing forty-nine, with ten wagons, an ambulance, a number of horses and mules, and all the camp and garrison equipage. The expedition returned on the 29th without the loss of a man and resumed their accustomed picket duty and labor on the fortifi cations. While guarding a wagon train near Courtland, July 24th, they were attacked by a greatly superior force of rebel cavaliy. The train was at once put in motion for camp, five miles distant. The rebels attempted to take it, charging upon the escort several times; but the steady fire which they received drove them back at every attempt. When within a mile of Decatur, eight men of the regiment were surrounded and captured. The remainder with the train reached the camp in safety. The next day, on approaching the rebel position, the brigade were received by a heavy fire of shells, from vjhich they suffered severely, until* their own artillery was also placed in position, soon after which a Federal assault routed the rebels and made twenty-five of them prisoners, with a loss to the Thirty-second of one killed and six wounded. During the months of June and July. Colonel Howe, Lien- tenant Colonel Smedley, Adjutant Beckwith, and Captain - THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. 1005 Wood, resigned, most of them on account of physical disability. Major DeGroat was promoted to be lieutenant colonel, and a month later to be colonel. About the middle of July a party of seventy-eight rebel deserters came into the camp of the Thirty-second and laid down their arms. . Many of them were enlisted into the Federal army. August 7th, the regiment joined Sherman's army. Their position in it is stated, on page 699; their action at Atlanta and Jonesboro, page 737. In October, they numbered six hundred and fifty men, and had been transferred from the sixteenth to the seventeenth corps^, third brigade, first division. Major Carleton was promoted in August to be lieutenant colonel, and Captain Burrows to be major. Colonel Tillson, their brigade commander, and an officer of the regular army, said of the regiment, that since the war commenced he had not seen a body of men that, in point of discipline and efficiency, excelled, and very few that equalled, the Thirty- second Wisconsin. Their march to the sea is stated on pages 960, 961. February 1st, they participated in a charge at River's Bridge, on the Salkahatchie ; on the 3rd, they waded through water, company B in the advance, flanked the enemy's position, and drove them from their works, their loss being reported as forty- nine killed and wounded. February 9th, they had an engagement at Binnaker's Bridge on the south Edisto, assaulting and carrying the enemy's works. Their part at Bentonville is described on page 964. Leaving Goldsboro, their experience was in common with that of Sherman's army until the review at Washington, after which, June 12th, they were mustered out, and soon after were disbanded at Milwau kee. Colonel DeGroat was brevetted brigadier general. The muster-out roster is reported as follows : Colonel — Chakles H. DeGroat. Lieut. Colonel— Joseph H. Carleton. Surgeon — Joshua 0. Noyes. Major— WMim S. Burrows. 1st AssH Surgeon — Samuel W. Dunn. Adjutant— Josmh S. Styles. 2d AssH Surgeon— John L. Sheppard. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Mortimer B. Pierce. Edward B. Crofoot. Harrison D. Carter. B Albert S. Bixhy. Adelbert M. Bly. Luther Spalding. 0 Wiley B. Arnold. Alfred S. Tucker. Lorenzo S. Knox. 1006 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. D James Freeman. E Francis Guernsey. Amos M. Ball. Franklin Phillips. F Henry C. Graham. Nelson R. Lee. Oscar B. Smith. G Wm. F. D. Bailey. David B. Johnson. H Thomas Bryant. George W. King. Samuel L. Breasted. I Norman H.Whittemore. David J. Brothers. Richard Brottrell. K Lewis Lowe. Edward H. Bronson. Sanford L. Batchelder. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 993. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 6 ; in 1864, 370 ; in 1865, 5 ; by draft in 1864, 100 ; total, 1,474. Loss :— by death, 275 ; desertion, 58 ; transfer, 27 ; discharge, 189 ; muster-out, 925. THIETY- SIXTH INFANTEY. The Thirty-sixth Regiment was recruited under the call of February 1, 1864, for five hundred thousand men. Its organ ization was completed under the superintendence of Colonel Frank A. Haskell, formerly Adjutant of the Sixth Regiment, with the following roster : Colonel — Feank A. Haskell. Lieut. Colonel — John A. Savage, Jr. Surgeon — Clarkson Miller. Major — Harvey M. Brown. 1st As. Surgeon — E. A. Woodward. Adjutant — Benjamin D. Atwell. Chaplain — Eev. P. S. Van Nest. Quartermaster — Charles B. Peck. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — Wm. H. Hamilton. Charles E. Griffin. Charles L. Sholes. B — Clement E. Warner. George Weeks. Wm. H. Lamberton. C — George A. Fisk. Luther B. Noyes. Clarence E. Bullard. D — Jacob Walkey. Wesley S. Potter. Oscar L. Baldwin. E: — Jerome F. Brooks. Charles W. Dipple. Porter Jones. F — Prescott B. Burwell Oliver N. Eussell. George E. Albee. G — Eeuben Lindley. James S. Frisbie. William E. Newton. H — Austin Cannon. Cyrus Peck. George S. Morris. I — Daniel F. Farrand. Ephraim W. Heydon. Charles W. Skinner. K — Warren Graves. Elias A.. Galloway. Joseph Harris. May 10th, the regiment left Madison for Washington, and at once took position in the Army of the Potomac at Spott sylvania. Their part in the battle there is described on page 938; at North Anna, 939 ; Cold Harbor, 940, 941 ; Petersburg, thirty-sixth infantry. • 1007 945y 946 ; Malvern Hill, 949 ; Petersburg Mine, 950 ; Deep Bottom, 950 ; Ream's Station, 951 ; Hatcher's Run, 952, 953. At the second battle of Hatcher's Run, February 5, 1865, the regiment joined in the movement to the left, were under fire, and lost two captured and three wounded. In December pre vious, Colonel Warner, Major Hamilton, Captain Russell and Lieutenant Morris, returned to the regiment, having partially recovered from their wounds, and Adjutant Atwell returned from Libby Prison. In January, Chaplain Van Nest, having faithfully performed his duties, resigned on account of ill health. February 8th, the regiment commenced for the fifth time to build winter quarters. They participated in the recap ture of Fort Steadman, and March 29th advanced and occupied the first line of the enemy's works, and the second line the next day. Their assault, made April 2d, is noted on page 968, in connection with the general account. They participated in the pursuit of Lee, without complaining of their sufferings from short rations, and were present at his surrender. On the homeward march they passed Libby Prison and Castle Thun der in triumphant procession. They took part in the review of the Army of the Potomac May 23rd — that of Sherman's being the 24th. The regiment lost its first two colonels within fifteen days of each other, Colonel Haskell being killed at Cold Harbor June 3rd, and Colonel Savage mortally wounded at Petersburg June 18th, 1864. Colonel Haskell stood very high in the army as an officer. "He had served," says Colonel Warner, " with Generals Gibbon and Hancock. The adjutant general of the latter said, ' Frank Haskell was the best soldier I ever saw.' " He was conscientious and impar tial, but strict in the administration of discipline, thoroughly self-reliant, and very brave. Colonel John A. Savage's heroic death has been recorded on page 946. He was wounded in three places and died at Douglas Hospital, in Washington, July 4th, just one year after the memorable battle of Helena, in which he was honorably engaged as adjutant of the Twenty-eighth Wisconsin. He was warmly attached to Colonel Haskell, and deeply felt the responsibility of maintaining the high reputation of the regi ment after that officer's death. He succeeded to his place as 64 1008 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. colonel, and Colonel Warner, one of his successors, says, " The regiment loved him for his patriotism and kindness of heart." He was a member of the bar in Milwaukee, a son of Rev. Dr. Savage of Waukesha, and at the early age of thirty- three left a devoted wife and two children. Lieutenant Colonel Hamilton, of this regiment, formerly of the Sixth Battery, was a very prompt and efficient officer. Captain Fiske raised one company for the Eighteenth Regi ment and one for the Thirty-sixth, was a prisoner eighteen months, and was esteemed as a very superior officer. Captain Cannon, a faithful man and good soldier, commanded well in the trying scenes at Ream's Station. Adjutant Atwell, for merly of Berdan's Sharpshooters, was very efficient in his position. Colonel Warner paid for exemption, but felt constrained to enter the military service. He raised a com pany, and one month after joining the Army of the Potomac was led to the command of the regiment, by reason of the death and wounds of other officers. He was absent from only two battles, and that on account of being wounded, won an honorable name, and lost his right arm. After the review at Washington the regiment moved to Louisville, where he commanded a brigade. July 12th, they were mustered out of service, and on the 24th were paid and disbanded at Madison. The roster, by commission, at the time of discharge, was the following: Colonel — Clement E. Warner. Lieut. Colonel — WiUiam H. Hamilton. Quartermaster — Frederick S. Caferon. Major — George A. Fisk. 1st AssH Surgeon — L. H. Burnell. Adjutant — Benjamin D. Atwell. Chaplain — B. C. Hammond. •tains, 1st Lieutenants. 2d Lieutenants, A Charles E. Griffin. Charles L. Sholes. J. T. Lunn. B George Weeks. William H. Parker. P. L. Brown. C S. C. Miles. C. H. Johnson. D James P. Vance. Daniel Whalen. E. B. Fancher. E J. F. Brooks. James Greeley. John Payne, Jr. F Oliver N. Russell. George E. Albee. F. A. Wilde. G William H. Lane. Winfield S. Leach. J. M. Aubrey. H Austin Cannon. George S. Morris. James G. Merrill. I Hanley T. Matthews. James Smith. J. J. McDonald. K Joseph R. Ellis. Henry D. Schaefer. Lyman C. Jacobs. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 990. Gain : — by recruits in 1864, 9; in 1865, 15; total, 1,014. Loss: — by THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. 1009 death, 296; desertion, 21 ; transfer, 38; discharge, 214 ; mus ter-out, 445. THIETY- SEVENTH INFANTEY. The Thirty-seventh Regiment was organized in the Spring of 1864, under the supervision of Colonel Samuel Harriman. Companies A, B, C, D, E and F, were mustered into the ser vice in the latter part of March, and left Madison for the Army of the Potomac April 28th, under command of Major William J. Kershaw. Colonel Harriman remained at Camp Randall, to fill up the four other companies. May 17th, Com panies H and I, composed of drafted men, joined the first six in Virginia. They all united with the army, as stated on page 941, and soon distinguished themselves at Petersburg, as recorded on pages 946, 947. In two days' fighting they lost seven officers, and one hundred and forty-seven enlisted men killed and wounded. They also lost heavily and gained much credit by their behavior at the explosion of the mine, noticed on page 949. The last two companies reached the front in July, and the first complete roster of the regiment was as follows : Colonel — Samuel Harriman. Lieut. Colonel — Anson 0. Doolittle. Surgeon — Daniel C. Eoundy. Major — William J. Kershaw. 1st As. Surgeon — John H. Orrick. Adjutant — Claron T. Miltimore. Chaplain — Lewis M. Hawes. Quartermaster-— William C. Webb. Captains. A — Samuel Stevens. B— Eobert C. Eden. C — John Green. D — Alvah Nash. E— Frank A. Cole. F — Ellsworth Burnett. G— Martin W. Heller. H— Frank T. Hobbs. I — George A. Beck. K — Allen A. Burnett. First Lieutenants. Sanford Jones. William H. Earl. Addison J. Parker. Frank J. Munger. Lewis U. Beall. James C. Spencer. William P. Atwell. Thomas Carmichael. Edward Hanson. George D. McDill. Second Lieutenants, Daniel Lowber. Nathan S. Davison. Freeman B. Eiddle. David Prutsman. Melville A. Barry. Henry W. Belden. Adoniram J. Holmes. Joseph H. Brightman. Joseph 0. Chilson. Edward I. Grumley. August 19th, after a night of hard work on Fort Schenck, they made a forced march through rain and mud toward the 1010 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Weldon Railroad, and in two days lost ten killed and wounded. Their action at Ream's Station is noticed on page 951. Sep tember 30th, Colonel Harriman assumed command of the brigade, and Major Kershaw of the regiment, when they marched to within a mile and a half of the South-side Railroad, a reserve for the Second Brigade. The advance was unsuc cessful, and in falling back the Thirty- seventh did excellent service in checking the pursuit of the rebels until reenforce- nients came up. Their part in the battle of Hatcher's Run is noticed on page 953. Early in December, while a portion of the army was prepar ing for an advance toward the enemy's right flank, the Thirty- seventh suffered much by needless exposure to chilling winds and storm, and on the 10th made a wearisome march of twenty miles, in which many became completely exhausted and fell out by the way. The feet of many were so swollen that they could wear their shoes only by fastening them underneath the foot as some protection against the frozen ground. December 15th, Major Green was commissioned colonel, and Captain Eden, major. The winter was chiefly spent in the fortifica tions before Petersburg, where they were often under artillery and musketry fire, and the bullet of the sharpshooter was fatal to many along those lines. Their part in the grand assault of April 2nd is stated on page 968 in connection with the general account. Their loss there was thirty killed and wounded. They were present at the review in Washington, May 23rd and 24th, and July 26th were mustered out. At Madison they were received by the State authorities July 31st, and soon after returned to civil life. Colonel Harriman was brevetted brigadier general, and Captain Burnett, major. The muster-out roster was reported as follows : Colonel — John Green Lieut. Colonel — Robert C. Eden. Surgeon — Daniel C. Ronndy. Major — Alvah Nash. 1st AssH Surgeon — John H. Orrick. Adjutant — Claron J. Miltimore. 2d AssH Surgeon — Emery Sherman. Quartermaster — Nathan B. Prentice. Company. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A Daniel A. Lowber. George Hurst. George TeaL B Lorenzo D. Harmon. John E. Wflliamson. F. D. Powers. THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. 1011 Company. Captains First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. C* Henry W. Belden. William Green. D. A, Sherwood. D F. J. Munger. J. Ramsbottom. J. A. Scofleld. E William W. Buck. Thomas Earl. John Skadbolt. F Ellsworth Burnett. W. H. Dodge. J. W. Winchester. G George Graham. E. L. Doolittle. A. A. Babcock. H Frank T. Hobbs. . Edward J. Grumley. J. M. Wells. I George A. Beck. Newell G. Rowley. George L. Cross. K James W. Hitchcock. Adoniram J. Holmes. N. B. Smith. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 708. Gain: — by recruits in 1864, 25 ; in 1865, 76 ; substitutes, 64 ; draft in 1863, 135 ; in 1864, 136 ; total, 1,144. Loss :— by death, 211 ; desertion, 29; transfer, 29; discharge, 195; muster-out, 680. THIBTY-EIGHTH INFANTEY. The Thirty-eighth Regiment was organized in 1864. Com panies A, B, C and D were mustered into service at Madison, April 15th, and left the State for the Potomac, May 3rd, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Pier. Colonel Blintliff was ordered by the War Department to remain in Wisconsin, for the purpose of recruiting the six other companies. The battalion which first left the State was attached temporarily to the First Minnesota regiment, and a portion of the time was engaged as escort to supply trains. June 10th, it was transferred to the third brigade, first division, ninth corps. The action of these troops at Petersburg is given on page 947. There, on the 17th, Lieutenant Colonel Pier, Major Larkin and Lieuten ant Hayward were wounded, and Captain Carpenter on the 18th. The part taken by the battalion at the explosion of the mine is stated on page 949 ; at Weldon railroad, 952. Oetober 1st, the five other companies arrived from Wisconsin under command of Colonel Bintliff, who took command of the regi ment, which had the following roster : Colonel — James' Bintliff. Lieut. Colonel — C. K. Pier. Surgeon — Henry L. Butterfield. Major — Cortland P. Larkin. 1st As. Surgeon— Hugh Eussell. Adjutant — Aaron H. McCracken. 2d As. Surgeon — C. B. Pierson. Quartermaster — Anson Eood. Chaplain — Joseph M. Walker. 1012 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Captains. First Lieutenants, Second Lieutenants. A. — Chas. T. Carpenter. Charles L. Ballard. James M. Searles. B. — Eobert N. Eoberts. F. A. Hayward. George H. Nichols. C. — S. D. Woodworth. L. B. Waddington. William N. Wright. D. — James Woodford. Benjamin S. Kerr. James P. Nichols. E. — Newton S. Ferris. Frank G. Holton. Frank M. Phelps. F. — Andrew A. Kelley. William H. Foster. James W. Parker. G. — Eeuben F. Beckwith. William P. Maxon. Charles Wood. H. — Daniel W. Corey. B. M. Frees. James Heth. I. — Henry H. Coleman. Joel M. Straight. Charles 0. Hoyt. K— Thos. B. Marsden. Solon W. Pierce. Fred. T. Zettler, Jr. During the most of October, Lieutenant Colonel Pier was detailed as president of a general court martial. Their part in the first battle of Hatcher's Run is noticed on page 953. November 29th, Colonel Bintliff was placed in command of the first brigade. The regiment now returned to the trenches before Petersburg and took position on the extreme left of the first division. They performed duty under frequent fire from the enemy until the opening of the spring campaign. January 29th, 1865, the Confederate Peace Commissioners, Stephens, Hunter, Campbell and Hatch, were received by the regiment under a flag of truce. March 24th, Lieutenant Colonel Pier was detached to command the One Hundred and Ninth New York regiment. He held that position until the army returned to Washington. The honorable service of the Thirty-eighth in the assault on Petersburg, April 2d, is recorded on page 968. They entered the city on the morning of the 3rd, and the following day joined in the pursuit of the retreating rebels. After the surrender, they returned to Petersburg and thence to Washington, proceeding by steamer from City Point to the capital. They encamped near Washington, and had the advance of the column in the grand review of the army. June 6th, the second battalion was mustered out, and on the 20th was disbanded at Madison. The remainder of the regiment were on duty at the arsenal during the trial of those who conspired to assassinate the President and his cabinet. July 26th, they were also mustered out, and August 11th were disbanded at Madison. Colcmel Bintliff was brevetted briga dier general for gallant services at the assault on Petersburg, to date from April 2d, 1865. Lieutenant Colonel Pier was BERDAN SHARP-SHOOTERS. 1013 commissioned colonel, Major Ballard, lieutenant colonel, and Captain Hay ward, major. Captain Ballard had previously been brevetted major, Lieutenant Maxon, captain, Lieutenant Wood, first lieutenant. The roster of the battalion at the final muster-out is reported as follows : Colonel — 0. K. Pteb. Lieut Colonel — Charles L. Ballard. Surgeon — Henry L. Butterffeld. Major — Frank A. Hayward. 2d AssH Surgeon — Chris. Tochtermann. Adjutant — Aaron H. McCracken. Chaplain — Joseph M Walker. Quartermaster— Jasper N. Lockhart Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A James M. Searles. E. H. Little. A. A. Dye. B George H. Nichols. A. Rode. Thomas Parks. C L. B. Waddington. William N. Wright. A. Devose. D Benjamin S. Kerr. Chancey W. Hyatt. Franklin Wilcox. E Frank G. Holton. Frank M. Phelps . Eric Ericson. F E. W. Pride. James W. Parker. Frank Glover. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 913. Gain: — by recruits, in 1864, 8; in 1865, 104; substitutes, 7; total, 1,032. Loss : — by death, 108 ; desertion, 55 ; transfer, 21 ; discharge, 208 ; muster-out, 640. BEEDAN SHAEP-SHOOTEES. The history of company G of Berdan Sharp-shooters, from their origin to the battle of Gettysburg, is given from pages 380 to 388, inclusive. Their part at that battle is stated on page 416. Joining our army in the pursuit of the enemy from that field, they engaged, July 23rd, 1863, in the battle of Wapping Heights. They took part, November 7th, in the battle of Kelly's Ford, in which they displayed much gallantry; November 27th, in the one at Locust Grove, and on the 30th at Mine Run, after which they went into winter quarters on the farm of Hon. John M. Botts. Their part in the battles of the Wilderness is given on page 935 ; at Spottsylvania, 938 ; at North Anna, 939 ; at Cold Harbor, 941 ; at Harris's Farm, Deep Bottom and Petersburg, 947, 949, 950. August 15th, they engaged in the action at Deep Run, near the Charles City road. They advanced on the right and drove the rebel outposts over a mile, and the next day served as flankers in another 1014 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. engagement, and soon returned to their position before Peters burg. Their term having expired, company G was mustered out September 22d, 1864, the seven reenlisted veterans, and twenty- two recruits who had joined since the organization, being trans ferred to another company of the regiment, and subsequently some remaining ones joining the Thirty-sixth Wisconsin. Company G was engaged in thirty-seven actions during the war ! Colonel Berdan says of them : " Too much cannot be said in favor of this (at one time) the greatest company that ever deployed on a skirmish line to meet the enemy." He speaks of Lieutenant Stevens as one of his very best soldiers, in the broadest sense. He was unquestionably very brave, energetic, faithful and patriotic. Captain F. E. Marble, Lieutenant C. A. Stevens, and ten enlisted men, were all of the original com pany left to be mustered out — a noble little band, from the captain to the last private, and worthy of much honor. Lieutenant Albee relates in Waverly Magazine, that on the last clay of the second Bull Run battle, the rebels posted riflemen in the tops of pine trees, and the sharpshooters. were sent to dislodge them. They rushed across an open space in much danger, loosing some, and reached the grove. There hiding, jumping and shooting, A. C. Stannard, of Milton, Wisconsin, received a shot from a tree top which badly mutilated one foot. He was urged to hobble to the rear as best he could, but was not persuaded to do it until he had found his enemy, fired at him, and brought him down screaming and dying with a heavy " thud " to the ground. Statistics. — Original strength, 105. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 43; in 1864, 37; veteran reenlistments, 9; total, 194. .Loss: — by death, 34; missing, 8; desertion, 4; trans fer, 43; discharge, 58 ; muster-out, 47. CHAPTEK VII. FIEST HEAVY AETILLEEY; SECOND, FOUETH, FIFTH, TENTH, ELEVENTH, TWELFTH LIGHT AETILLEEY; . IN OTHEE STATES ; ADDENDA. First Heavy Artillery, — HISTORY. — Second Battery, — FULL HISTOET. — Fourth Battery, — FULL HISTORY. — Fifth Battery, — REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Tenth Battery, — REVIEW AND CLOSE. — Eleventh Battery, — FULL HIS TORY. — Twelfth Battery, — REVIEW AND CLOSE, — WISCONSIN MEN IN REGIMENTS OF OTHER STATES, ADDITIONAL ITEMS. FIEST HEAVY AETILLEEY. On July 25th, 1861, four days after the disastrous battle of Bull Run, Company K, of the Second Infantry, noticed on page 229, were ordered to perform garrison duty at Fort Cor coran, on the Heights near Washington. This was the nucleus of the Wisconsin First Heavy Artillery. They were afterward stationed at Fort Marcy, and a portion at Fort Ethan Allen. October 10th, they rejoined their regiment, but December 9th were permanently organized as an artillery company, and sta tioned at Fort Cass. The battery was filled to the maximum by recruits from Wisconsin. During Pope's retreat on Wash ington, forty of their number, with three guns, were sent to Fort Buffalo, an advanced post, where the enemy attacked them, and were repulsed. Subsequently the battery was at Forts Ellsworth, Worth and Rodgers. C. C. Meservey, an enlisted man of the Second Infantry, at the commencement of the war, became captain, February 26th, 1863. The Inspector of Artil- 1016 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. lery, General W. F. Barry, reported : " Captain Meservey is an excellent artillery officer, and has now one of the best companies of foot artillery I have ecer seen." In the summer of 1863, the captain recruited three other companies in Wis consin, and was commissioned major of the battalion. Two official inspectors of the British Army, after a careful examina tion, said that they had never seen anything in any service that excelled the formidableness of the arms, or the discipline of the men of this battery. In the autumn of 1864, eight other companies were recruited, which completed the regiment The following were the officers of the regiment at its forma tion, and of each company at the date of its entrance upon the field : Colonel — Ghables C. Mesehvey. Lieut. Colonel — Jacob T. Foster. Surgeon — W. H. Borden. 1st Major — Lu. H. Drury. 1st As. Surgeon — Mar. Waterhouse. 2d Major — Bichard W. Hubbell. 2d As. Surgeon — Ira Manly, Jr. 3rd Major — David C. Fulton. Captains. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. A — A. J. Langworthy. Caleb Hunt. Wallace M. Spear. Jun. C. C. Meservey. Jun. F. L. Graves. B— W. S. Babcock. R. W. Hubbell. Waldo B. Gwynne. Jun. C. P. Larkin. Jun. Charles H. Hyde. C^John B. Davis. Ezrah Lisk. B. F. Parker. Jan. John Silsby. Jun. Fred. Ullmann. D— H. W. Peck. John E. Henry. Charles M. Ball. Jun. C. V. Bridge. Jun. Isaiah Culver. E — Jus. H. Potter. And'w J. Garrett. John J. Gibbs. Jun. Elv. Bigelow. Jun. H. G. Billings. F — Erastus Cook. Herman Fenner. S. W. Pardee. Jun. Asa P. Peck. Jim. Thos. Graham. G — H. F. Bouse. Martin E. Stevens. William Fallows. Jun. S.'A. Phoenix. Jun. Eobert Bullen. H— C. S. Taylor. Albert F. Mattice. A. E. Miltimore. Jim. C. E. Hoyt. Jun. J. P. Blakeslee. I — D. H. Saxton. Jasper Daniels. Edmund A. Gibbon. Jun. S. J. Johnston. Jun. S. F. Leavitt. K — W. H. Jennings. Isaac U. Jennings. Albert McNitt. Jun. Charles Law. Jun. Joseph E. O'Neill. L — P. Henry Eav. Edward Goodman. A. S. Trowbridge. Jun. 0. U. Wallace. Jun. Francis O. Ball. 14 — Ira H. Ford. Wm. A. Coleman. Andrew J. Close. Jun. O. A. Southmayd. Jun. Herbert R. Lull. FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. 1017 Company B was recruited chiefly in and near the city of Mil waukee, and sent, September, 1863, to Fort Terrill, on the Green River, Kentucky, to protect a trestle bridge. In January, 1864, it moved to Lexington, where Lieutenant Hubbell was installed Provost Marshal of the city, and the company stationed at Fort Clay. There many of the men were detached as clerks at different Headquarters, while others served as provost guard. Their deportment, neatness and care of arms and ordnance, won the approbation of officers and citizens. Their service was the more difficult on account of the many rebel spies in the city. In May, Lieute nant Hyde aud thirty men accompanied General Burbridge on a long and difficult expedition against Morgan. Meanwhile that rebel appeared at Lexington with 2,000 men. Captain Babcock had ordered a large amount of supplies under the guns of the fort for protection, and thus saved them. Citizens liable to military capture gathered in the fort. Lieutenant Gwynne, reconnoitering with ten men^ was captured, and barely escaped death through the interposition of a citizen. Burbridge returning, Morgan retreated. A pursuit was ordered, Lieutenants Hubbell and Peckham volunteering as aids to the generals. They fought Morgan two hours at Cynthiana, and killed, wounded and captured 1,000 of his men. The prisoners placed in Fort Clay were in number five to one of Company B that guarded them. Often squads of the company were detached for special duties, and officers called to responsible staff positions. Commanding Generals pronounced the company the finest they had seen, and an honor to their State. Three company officers were promoted to be field officers, and nearly twenty others to be line officers in Kentucky organizations. The company was mustered out December 9th, 1865. Battery C rendezvoused at Milwaukee, and Oetober 30th, 1863, proceeded to Chattanooga, where they served in Forts Hood, Creighton and Sherman, successively. Battery D was recruited chiefly from Green County, the home of Captain Peck, a graduate of West Point. One hundred and seventy- one men applied to join his company. Leaving Camp Wash burn, February 1st, 1864, they proceeded to Fort Jackson,1 1018 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. below New Orleans, which mounted one hundred guns, one ¦of them a 450-pounder, having a range of five miles. A portion of the time Captain Peck commanded the fort. July 23rd, they moved to Fort Berwick, near Brashear City. Battery E was the first of the eight later companies, all of which were stationed in the left link of the chain of batteries extending from the Potomac below Alexandria, around that city and Washington, to the same river north of the capital. The largest of their works was Fort Lyon, which mounted 24-pound siege pieces and four-inch rifled guns. Company E was stationed at Fort O'Rourke. Battery F garrisoned Fort Ellsworth. Company G were first at Fort Lyon and then at Fort Ellsworth. They lost but one man, Corporal Cooley, noticed in the list of the dead. Battery H formed a part of the garrison at Fort Lyon. Company I was stationed at Fort Farnsworth. Battery K was organized in October, 1864, under cbmmand of Captain Wallace H. Jennings, who had previously served both as lieutenant and captain in the Twenty-second Wisconsin Infantry. He was among the captured at Thompson's Station, Tennessee, and suffered in health by confinement in Libby prison. Company K was stationed at Fort Lyon, and suffered no loss by death. Battery L was stationed at Fort Willard. Company M was first at Fort Lyon and then at Forts Weed and Farnsworth, a delightful locality, with three cities in full view — Alexandria, Washington and Georgetown. These companies were drilled in infantry and heavy and light artillery tactics, which caused some severe labor. It was their duty to wait for a foe, who never dared come, and hence the events of their history were less striking than those of troops who fought in the field. The companies from E to M, inclusive, were mustered out June 26th, 1865. Company D was ordered to Washington in June, 1865, and with A was mustered out August 18th. Company C moved to Strawberry Plains and Nashville. The Inspector General, W. S. Bradford, reported the company as in " splendid condition," and Captain Davis as "a very energetic and efficient officer." They were mustered out at Nashville, September 21st. The reported muster-out regimental officers had not changed from the first, nor the commissioned officers of companies E, G, K and M. SECOND BATTERY. 1019' In company H, the name of John Carey had taken the place of James P. Blakeslee. The other last company rosters were the following: Captaii/ns. . First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. , A Wallace. M. Spear. John Jameson. William A. Hopkins. Jun. Edgar A. Van Wie. Jwn. G. H. Van Epps. B Charles W. Hyde. George T. Peckham. Charles B. Palmer. C John R. Davies. Benjarniu F. Parker., Winfield S. Tefft. Jun. Fred. Ullmann. Jun. Edward D. Hewitt. !D Cornelius F. Bridge. Isaiah Culver. Richard Glennan. Jun. Wm. M. Hanchett. Jun. John L. Utley. F Jared S. W. Pardee. Herman Fennef. John H. Anderson. Jun. Thomas Graham Jun. Joseph C. Blodgett, I David H. Sexton, Jasper S. Daniels. Edmund A. Gibbon. Jun. Sam'l F. Leavitt. Jun. Seloftua D. Forbes. L P. Henry Ray. Edward Goodman. Francis 0. Ball. Jun. Obed W. Wallace. Jim. D. W. Cameron. Regimental Statistics. — Original strength, 1,777. Gain : — by recruits in 1863, 103; in 1864, 133; in 1865, 171; draft, in 1864, 4 ; reenlistments, 29 ; total, 2,217. Loss :— by death, 73 ; desertion, 70 ; transfer, 28 ; discharge, 223 ; mus ter-out, 1,820. SECOND BATTERY. The Second Battery was recruited and organized at LaCrosse, and was mustered into service at Racine, October 10th> 1861. It left the State for Baltimore, January 21st, 1862, with the following roster : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. Ernest F. Herzberg. Charles Beger. John Schabel. Jun. C. J.E. Stephan. Jun. John Bulander. They landed at Fortress Monroe, January 27th, and were stationed as garrison there until September following, when they moved' to Camp Hamilton, near Hampton, Virginia, and performed garrison duty until January 1.0th, 1863. They then moved to Suffolk, and January 30th engaged with five guns in the battle near South Mary Bridge, ten miles from Suffolk. In March and April one section was stationed between Forts Dix and Union, and the other on Nansemond River. May 6th 1020 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. they went to Portsmouth, and thence to West Point, and marched with General Gordon's division of the seventh corps to Williamsburg. July 20th, they moved to Torktown, where they remained, first outside of the fortifications, and then within, until January 20th, 1864. They were then transported to Point Lookout, on the Maryland side of the Potomac, where they were rejoined by forty-one of their number who had reenlisted and been absent on a veteran furlough. There they were principally employed in guarding rebel prisoners until they were mustered out of service. Several officers resigned at various dates ; Captain Hertzberg was dismissed January 8th, 1863; August Bushwald and Charles Schultz became lieutenants, and were mustered out before the battery closed its service ; and the following was the last reported roster : Captain. First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant. Charles Bager. Charles Saupe. Edward Hansen. Jun. Lewis Babe. Statistics. — Original strength, 153. Gain: — by recruits, in 1863, 5 ; in 1864, 35 ; in 1865, 2 ; reenlistments, 48 ; total, 243. Loss : — by death, 12 ; desertion, 6 ; transfer, 7 ; dis charge, 30 ; muster-out, 188. FOUETH BATTEEY. The Fourth Battery was recruited and organized at Beloit, and was mustered into service at Racine, October 1st, 1861. It remained in camp without horses or equipments until January 21st, 1862, when, with the Second Battery, it moved to Fortress Monroe, arriving there with the following roster : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. John F. Vallee. George B. Easterly. Charles A. Eathbun. Jun. . Jun. M. H. McDevitt. They had the honor of firing the gun "Union" during the celebrated engagement between the Monitor and Merrimac, March 9th, 1862. In September, they moved to Hampton, and in January, 1863, to Suffolk. During the siege of that FOURTH BATTERY. 1021 place by Longstreet, in April, they were constantly on duty in the most unprotected part of the Federal lines. They tried their skill on the rebel batteries posted on the opposite side of the Nansemond River, and silenced them without loss to themselves, though exposed meanwhile to sharpshooters. On the evening of April 22nd they, with others, compelled one hundred and fifty of the enemy with five cannon to surrender, and some men of the Fourth turned the captured guns upon the rebel lines. May 5th, they moved to Portsmouth and thence by water to West Point, where Captain Vallee was made chief of artillery of General Gordon's division. May 30th, they sailed to Yorktown, and June 9th marched up the peninsula with the advance under General Keyes, who joined General, Dix at White House. July 7th, they moved again to Torktown, where they remained in garrison until, suffering much from sickness, they went, in August, to Gloucester Point. October 1st, all of their one hundred and forty-four men were on the sick list, except four ! Next, they removed to Portsmouth, and were attached to General Getty's command. In the spring of 1864 they engaged in several reconnoissances, and April 21st joined General W. F. Smith's command at Torktown, and were assigned to the artillery brigade^ first division, eighteenth corps. They soon embarked at Newport News and steamed up the James to Bermuda Hundred. Their action in that vicinity, in connection with the general move ments of the army, is given on page 939 ; that at the battle of Petersburg, on 947 ; at the time of the mine explosion, 950. July 8th, General Butler converted the battery into horse artillery, mounting all the cannoniers, after which they joined in several expeditions, and the latter part of August took position in the rear of the ninth corps before Petersburg. September 27th, they moved to Jones Landing, where they had previously been a short time stationed, and the next day advanced under a heavy fire near to the suburbs of Richmond, and bivouacked 1000 yards from the rebel works. On the i 29th, they moved with the cavalry around and to within full view of the city, under constant fire. Lieutenant Noggle, with other troops, drove a small rebel force into the city, and approached within eight hundred yards of the rebel 1022 WISCONSIN IN the war. defences. October 7th, their division, Kautz's cavalry, was attacked by a heavy force and repulsed. The Fourth fought bravely, retreating when they must and firing rapidly, but a stand could not be maintained. In crossing a deep swamp they lost four guns and had twenty horses wounded, also four men, one mortally. The battery remained connected with the Army of the Potomac, sharing in its good fortune until the close of the war, when, July 3rd, 1865, it was mustered out at Richmond, with the following roster, as given at the Adjutant General's office : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. Dorman L. Noggle. Burr Maxwell. Delos H. Cady. Jun. Robert Campbell. Jun. Benjamin Brown. Statistics. — Original strength, 151. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 1; in 1864, 60; in 1865, 1; substitutes, 38; reenlist ments, 43 ; total, 294. Loss : — by death, 24 ; missing, 1 ; desertion, 15 ; transfer, 1 ; discharge, 82 ; muster-out, 171. FIFTH BATTEEY. The early history of the Fifth Battery has been given on page 463. Its record at New Madrid and Island Number Ten is on page 472 ; in the siege of Corinth, 498, 499 ; from Corinth to Chaplin Hills, 504, 505 ; in the battle of Chaplin Hills, 608, 614, 615. Thence it moved with the army to Nashville — page 619 — and advanced towards Murfreesboro, December 26, 1862. Its part at Stone River is recounted on pages 622, 625, 632, 633, 636. The battery moved with Rrosecrans' army, June 24th, toward Tullahoma, across the Cumberland mountains, and over Raccoon and Lookout mountains. Their part at Chickamauga is narrated on pages 687, 688. They were stationed at Chattanooga and Caldwell's Ferry until near the close of the year, and January 2d, 1864, a large number reenlisted as veterans, and soon enjoyed a furlough in Wis consin. They were in Chattanooga again March 3rd. Their position in Sherman's army is stated on page 699. May 9th they were in position before Rocky Face Ridge ; their part at Resaca is given on page 704 ; at Dallas, 711 ; at Kenesaw, 720, 721; Peach Tree Creek, 729; at Atlanta, 737; at Jonesboro, TENTH BATTERY. 1023 737. At the last place, the battery was one of the two that supported General J. C. Davis' forces in a tremendous charge on the enemy's works, and sent terrible destruction to the rebel artillery. At the close, General Davis- said, "The old Fifth Wisconsin did gloriously." They accompanied the movement to the rear against Hood when he attempted to cut General Sherman's communications with Chattanooga. Their action in the march- to the sea, which was with the fourteenth corps, is noticed on page 961 ; at the battle of Bentonville, 964. They participated in the review of Sherman's army at Washington, May 24th, and June 6th were mustered out at Madison. The last reported roster was as follows : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. Joseph McKnight. Daniel Ditus. John Dickson. Jun. Elijah Booth. Jun. Charles M. Wyman. Surgeon — Robert G. James. Statistics. — Original strength, 155. Gain : — by recruits in 1863,5; in 1864,64; in 1865, i; reenlistments, 9 ; total, 304. Loss: — by death, 24; desertion, 1; transfer, 5; discharge, 61. muster-out, 213. TENTH BATTEEY. The early history of the Tenth Battery is given on pages 501, 502. Their history during the summer of 1862 is re corded on pages 505, 506. Moving from the vicinity of Corinth, they joined the army of the Tennessee, and entered Nashville September 14th, and there remained while Bragg and Buell continued their race toward the Ohio. In Novem ber, Lieutenants O. A. Clark and E. W. Fowler joined the battery with seventy recruits. On the reorganization of thbeen assigned to that regiment. Desir ing to enter the artillery service, they were transferred to Colonel James A. Mulligan's ^ Irish Brigade," at Camp Douglas, Chicago. There they were joined by a number of recruits from Illinois, and the company was , fully organized, with the following roster : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. John O'Eourke. John McAfee. Wm. L. McKenzie. Jun. Chas. Bagley. Jun. Michael Lantrey. They left Camp Douglas, June 14th, 1862, and on the 23rd crossed the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, and went into camp at New Creek, West Virginia. Their active service soon com menced. July 1st, Lieutenant Bagley and fifteen men' went on a scouting expedition to Petersburg, in that new State. October 28th, a section accompanied a cavalry force to intercept the rebel Imboden at Greenland Gap. Near Petersburg they overtook and skirmished with him, and after capturing sixteen prisoners and one hundred and seventy head of cattle, returned. November 8th, a larger force, with two sections of the battery, went in search of the same enemy. They marched sixty miles, came upon him eighteen miles beyond Moorfield, fought three hours, scattered the rebels to the mountains, except fifty prisoners captured, and then returned to camp. In March following, Captain O'Rourke, with forty men mounted as cavalry, captured 3,000 pounds of tobacco which had been smuggled through our lines. In April, they again encountered and drove Imboden, near Philippi. In the same month one section held Rowellsburg and one Fairmount. But a heavy force of the enemy appeared at the latter place,, and after a resistance of three and a half hours Lieutenant McAfee and his men fell back, and soon the whole battery retired to New Creek, their old camp. June 10th, Lieutenant Bagley and one section moved to occupy Cumberland, Maryland. July ELEVENTH BATTERY. 1027 18th, the whole battery changed their position to Hedgeville, Virginia. There a part of Lee's army appeared and attempted to surround them. But they moved out of the enemy's reach. Soon after they returned and proceeded to Burlington. Next, they were in Petersburg and Moorefield again. At the latter place, September 24th, one section was attacked by a vastly superior force, and though maintaining their position nearly the whole day, and repulsing two assaults, they at length retired and rejoined the remainder of the battery at Petersburg. In November and December they were associated with General Averill's command,' and assisted in destroying the Virginia and Tennessee Central railroad. Early in 1864, they were threatened by General Early's advance, and wisely retreated to a place of safety. In July, they were obliged' to retreat thrdugh a toilsome way over mountains to escape the approaching enemy under Early and , Breckinridge. Agam they were at Cumberland, Maryland, and at Clarksburg. In October, they moved back to Virginia, and defended various positions. November 26th, Lieutenant McAfee and eighteen men participated in a march of forty miles toward Moorfield and encountering a superior force of rebels, retreated with severe loss. November 28th, they were attacked at New Creek and lost forty-nine men captured, (including one commissioned officer,) sixty-eight horses and three guns. Lieutenant Bagley then assumed command of the battery, Lieutenant Cunningham having charge of the detachment at Clarksburg. January 22d, 1865, they reported to General Stevenson at Harper's Ferry, where they remained until discharged from service. Thus this battery had a laborious and trying experience, very serviceable to the country, but not always appreciated according to its value. The last reported roster was as follows : Captain. First Lieutenants. 2d Lieutenants. • John O'Rourke. John McAfee. William S. McKenzie. Jun. Charles Bagley. Jun. Michael Cunningham. Statistics. — Original strength, 87. Gain : — by recruits, in 1863, 1; in 1864, 1; in 1865, 6; reenlistments, 39; total, 134. Loss:— by death, 3; desertion, 20 ; transfer, 2; discharge, 17; muster-out, 92. 1028 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. TWELFTH BATTEEY. The early history of the Twelfth Battery is given on pages 464, 465. Its part at Island Number Ten is stated on page 473 ; in the siege of Corinth, 500 ; during the summer of 1862, 506; its grand action at Iuka, 508,. 510, 511; at Corinth, 518, 521. During the winter of 1862-'3, it was first engaged in Northern Mississippi and Southern Tennessee, moving from place to place, and then stationed near Germantown to guard the railroad. It marched to Memphis in February, and in March took part in the Tazoo Pass expedition, described on pages 641, 642. In April, the battery moved with the army to Milliken's Bend, stated on page 643; their relation to the battle at Port Gibson is given on page 645 ; at Jackson, 647 ; Champion Hills, 651 ; in the siege of Vicksburg, 660. They afterwards moved to reinforce General Steele at Helena, then went to Memphis and Corinth, and /at Glendale, Mississippi, guarded the railroad to Charleston. They were a part of Sherman's army-j fifteenth corps, that marched to the relief of Chattanooga and Knoxville in the autumn of 1863. They were stationed at Bridgeport and Larkinsville, Alabama, and January 7th moved to Huntsville, where they were furnished with three-inch Rodman guns, and remained until June 22d, 1864. Then they proceeded to Kingston, Georgia, and thence to AUatoona, where they served as a part of the garrison. They were engaged in the celebrated defense of the AUatoona Pass, October 5th, when Hood sent a force of 6,000 against it under Major General French. Their splendid action is related on page 987. They first planted one gun outside the works, and stood firmly for two hours, under the fire of six rebel cannon, when the enemy ceased firing. After the rebel demand for surrender was refused, the enemy advanced with great fury, and the conflict went on for three hours, until the garrison was forced back into the fort and the contiguous works. Only three rounds of cannister to each gun were remaining. These were reserved until " the rebels could almost be touched through the embrasures," when a terrific volley was poured upon them, at which they staggered, fell back and retreated. The part taken by the battery in the march to the sea and at Savannah is noticed on page 961. WISCONSIN MEN IN OTHER STATES. 1029 They sailed to Beaufort, and marched through the Carolinas with the fifteenth corps, taking part particularly at the battle of Bentonville, noticed on page 964. Sharing the joyful movement of the army from Goldsboro to Washington, they were mustered out at Madison, June 26th, 1865, with the following reported roster : Captain. First Lieutenants. Second Lieutenants. William Zickerick. Edward G. Harlow. Henry Markers. Jun. Philander H. Cody. Jun. Henry Fenners. WISCONSIN MEN IN OTHEE STATES. Lieutenant W. B. Cushing, who, with a small band, on the night of October 27th, 1864, ran a torpedo steamer, in the Roanoke River, into the rebel ram Albemarle, exploded the torpedo and destroyed the ram, was a native of Delafield, Wis consin. Two brothers of his, born in this State, were also in the army, and one of them, Captain A. H. Cushing, bravely laid down his life at Gettysburg. Marshall B. Clason, formerly deputy collector of Milwaukee, captain in the 12lst Ohio, was killed in the deadly assault at Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. General J. C. Davis esteemed him very highly, and offered him promotion, but he preferred to remain with his company and fight to the end. He was highly educated and talented; none excelled him in bravery and patriotism. He wrote to his wife just before his death, " God cannot permit this contest to be a failure. All His attributes are on our side." To one who, after the battle of Chickamauga, suggested that he resign, he wrote, " I came, because it was my duty to come, and because I could not bear the shame of remaining at home. I now feel it would be unmanly to resign when the work is half done." A noble man was sacrificed when he fell ! Lieutenant Edward 0. Wright, son of Deacon Josiah Wright, of Janesville, at the opening of the war enlisted in the Fifth New Tork, won the respect and attachment of all around him, went through the Peninsular Campaign, was highly commended by superior officers for bravery in battle, was mortally wounded at Bull Run second, lay twenty-four 1030 , WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. hours on the battle-field before any relief came, and died Sep tember 23rd, 1862, aged twenty-three years. With much bravery and kindness, and at the risk of his life or capture, he bore off a wounded companion from the unfortunate battle field of Big Bethel, and in turn, from a good providence, a rebel Texan kindly aided him to . a hospital from the field at Bull Run. C. H. M. Gould enlisted in the Sixteenth Wisconsin at Beaver Dam, was wounded at Pittsburg Landing, and honor ably discharged; and, on recovering, joined an Indiana regi ment, and was twice promoted for bravery. and good conduct. L. S. Van Vliet, for many years before the war a resident of Caledonia, Wisconsin, was in_ charge, as captain and assistant quartermaster, of General Grant's ammunition and supply trains, in his movement through Northern Mississippi, in the fall of 1862. He was at Holly Springs as post ordnance master when it was captured by Van Dorn, and by a " Tankee trick" saved all his property and the public money, while all other government property was destroyed. He occupied the law office of " Walter & Scriggs," then colonels in the rebel service. He dressed his clerks in citizens' clothes and set them to studying law, and went to bed himself — sick of the "small pox." A rebel officer soon came, who was informed of the state of affairs according to the plan of the " Tankee trick," and after viewing the case and making earnest inquiry foi whiskey, he retired. Next came the tramp up stairs of one of Van Dorn's aids, greatly excited, who also wanted whiskey. He left, but soon returned with another individual to get lawyer Walter's clothes, which he said the colonel had requested him to obtain if he had the fortune to get into Holly Springs. Others came, but all the day until the rebel soldiers left, the " sick man " kept his bed and the " law students" pored over their books, though sometimes nearly suffocated with the smoke of burning cotton, and having their windows dashed in by the explosion of the ordnance building. The strategy was entirely successful, and the quartermaster and his clerks soon made their escape from the place. Theodore Read, son of Professor Daniel Read, of Madison University, enlisted as private in the Eighth Illinois, upon the WISCONSIN MEN IN OTHER STATES. 1031 President's first call for volunteers. He was liberally educated and highly gifted. He became assistant adjutant general of General W. T. H. Brooks, and subsequently of the tenth, eight eenth and twenty-fourth corps, and finally of the Army of the James. On General Weitzel's recommendation, endorsed by Generals Grant and Butler, he was made brevet~ brigadier general. He distinguished himself in the Peninsular Campaign and at Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Cold Harbor and Petersburg. He had a horse shot ¦¦ under him, was wounded several times, and lost by the stroke of a cannon ball the use of his left arm. General Hancock said of him : " He was the best staff officer on the field of battle that I ever saw." During Lee's retreat, on the morning of April 6th, 1865, General Ord sent out Read to take command of a small detachment that had advanced to destroy High Bridge over the Appomattox. Immediately Lee's advance column of two divisions came up in his rear. He so placed his men in the edge of a wood as to give the appearance of large numbers, and brought the rebel army to a halt. A hand-to-hand fight soon became general and very severe. In the midst of the fight the rebel cavalry commander, General Deering, singled out and rushed upon General Read, and in the tournament of death which ensued both fell — Read shot through the body and dying in a few minutes — Deering mortally wounded and dying the next day. Every officer and private of the Federal detachment was either killed, wounded or captured. Deering was a giant in strength, of desperate courage, and a graduate of West Point. Read could not use his crippled left arm. General Ord said that this stubborn fight led Lee to suppose that we had an army in his front, and that he issued a " stampeding order." He further said : " To the sublime courage of General Read and his Spartan band is due the immediate result which followed — the capture of Lee's army." General Grant, in his report, speaks of this small force as attacking and detaining the enemy until General Read was killed. He was married in November, 1864, and a son born after his death bears his name. He was a member and a deacon in the Presbyterian church. His body sleeps in Forest Hill Cemetery at Madison. At that city he was first appointed to his office in the general army. 1032 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. ADDENDA. The Indians of Wisconsin are worthy of commendation for their patriotic interest in the war, and their forwardness in enlisting in the military service. Some of the leading men were well informed on the questions at issue, and by public address infused intelligence and patriotism among their peopl* The Indian names found in. the roll of the dead of some regi ments testify to the valor of Wisconsin red men. They who witnessed them on the field, can give many of them a good name. Authority was received from the War Department in Octo: ber, 1863, to raise colored troops. Early im 1864, about two hundred and fifty men enlisted for the United States colored infantry, under command of Colonel John A. Bross, of Chi cago. Other men of the State joined colored organizations at the East. Colonel Bross and his regiment were assigned to Burnside's (Ninth) Corps, and after the Petersburg Mine wa3 sprung, he charged further within the enemy's lines than any other troops. Seeing the hopelessness of capturing Ceme tery Hill, he was about to retire, but just as he seized the colors, he was shot in the temple, and fell dead, providentially enfolded by the flag of his regiment. Wisconsin sent some men to the United States Navy. Their number is not now known; it is. impossible to write a com plete history of their services. The case of Lieutenant Cushing has been noted. . David Duane Wemple, son of P. Wemple, of Bradford, Wisconsin, entered the Naval Academy in 1859, at the age of fifteen. He was Lieutenant on board the United States steamer Juniata,, in the memorable bombardment of Fort Fisher, December, 1864. While firing a hundred-pound Parrott rifle, on the afternoon of the 24th, and watching the effects of the shot upon the fort* the gun burst and wounded him so seriously, that he died in twenty minutes. A little before that engagement, Captain Taylor, of the Juniata, had said to Admiral Porter, "If I were going on. any dangerous expedition, there is no one whom I would sooner have with me than Mr. Wemple." The Lieutenant seems to have made every preparation for death ; hi& last, letter to his parents, just ADDENDA. 1033 before the bombardment, breathes the spirit of a patriot, a hero, and a Christian. The State Treasurer, S. D. Hastings, reported the following allotments of money by soldiers for their families : during the fiscal year ending September 30th, 1862, $17,526 99; 1863, $482,005 86; 1864, $367,374 44;— total, $866,907 29. At the close of the war the sum must have been more than $1,000,000. George N. Fairfield, formerly of Company K, Fourth Wis consin Cavalry, was reported as a deserter. He died in the service at Vicksburg, and cannot correct his own record. It appears on good evid'enee that he had regular transfer papers to an Indiana regiment, and was a captain in it at the time of his death. FIRST CAVALRY. The. following paragraph was accidentally omitted from page 557, and should have succeeded " Cape Girardeau" : In the meantime, the troops left at Bloomfield and West Prairie were not without their share of warfare. A short but severe fight occurred at the latter place, in which three were killed and four wounded, the remainder retreating to Bloom field. Here a siege of five days, under the rebel Colonel Preston, was relieved by Lieutenant Ogden with men and ammunition from the Cape. On the 11th of September the garrison were attacked before daylight, and escaped capture only through the prompt rally of their bugler, Robert Travis; In the ensuing conflict five were killed and eight wounded. After various reverses, the place was partially burned and evacuated, Captain Hyde and his men removing to Greenville. FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN. General T. S. Allen, who was a captain of the Second Wis consin in the first battle of Bull Run, says that while the regiment was in position on the right of the line, the firing being heavy, an officer ran down our line, and with some pro fanity cried, out, " Stop firing ; you are shooting your friends !" which resulted in a tempprary cessation. Firing was resumed on a portion of the line, but the same thing was repeated 1034 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. three times, and to give confidence to the men, Captain Allen seized a gun and opened fire himself. The officer who cried " stop firing " is supposed to have been a rebel. Had their right been strengthened, says General Allen, by one or two regiments, there would have been no need of falling back, for Schenck's Brigade was about to come to their support. But rebel Kirby Smith placed 4,000 men, fresh from the cars, on their right flank, the ammunition of one battalion was gone, and Lieutenant Colonel Peck gave the order to fall back to re-form, which was very reluctantly done, the men keeping up a constant fire as they moved to another ridge, which they held until one battery opened upon them in front and another by an enfilading fire. That position is marked upon a Richmond map as "The last stand made by the enemy." When the Second Wisconsin left it, it was not to retreat, but to gain a more defensible locality. By that time, however, the rebels had opened batteries upon our men near the Stone Bridge, and the confusion began. THE EFFECT OF WAR UPON THE SOLDIERS. Respecting the moral bearing of the soldiers, and the effects of military life upon them, Chaplin 0. P. Clinton, of the Twenty-first Regiment, wrote near the close of the war as follows : " The men of generous impulses and manly purpose, before entering this service, with rare exceptions, have conducted themselves with propriety, maintaining their self-respect as good soldiers, and will return to their friends with good names and a matured manhood. The reverse is true of those whose early associations were unfortunate, who lived to no good purpose, and never cared to rise above the lower strata of humanity. That such men should come from the peculiar campaign assigned, to General Sherman's Army with sad dis counts upon their manhood, and dishonor the army and the name of the soldier, is not strange." Chaplain William P. Stowe, of the Twenty-seventh Wiscon sin, says, that at no time during his connection with the regiment did he ever receive an unkind word from the men, or suffer interruption or disrespect from any in time of public ADDENDA. 1035 service. Many other chaplains and Christian commission delegates could join with him in similar testimony. In Chap lain Clinton's regiment, were many devoted and earnest Christians. A notice of one of them, by accident previously omitted, is the following : Mead Holmes, Jr., son of Rev. Mead Holmes, was a sergeant of Company K, Twenty-first Wisconsin Regiment, and a shining illustration of patriotism and piety combined. He died suddenly in camp at Murfreesboro, of organic disease of the heart, April 12th, 1863, agted twenty-one years and five months. Colonel Sweet said of him : " When offered a place where he might have had more ease, leisure and consideration than could be given him in the ranks of his company, he replied that, ' believing his duty was with it, he preferred to remain there.' " His Memoir, published by the American Tract Society, Boston, is an interesting volume, entitled, " A Soldier of the Cumberland." PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S DEATH. The great war was over. Lee's and Johnston's armies had surrendered. The flag of the Union floated in unquestioned supremacy over Richmond, the rebel capital, and that city President Lincoln had visited and returned to Washington in safety. But during the later months of the war he had repeatedly expressed his expectation that he should not outlive the rebellion. Fort Sumter fell April 14th, 1861, and on Friday, April 14lh, 1866, just four years afterward, Major Anderson had been instructed to raise again the Ameriaan flag on the broken walls of that fortress. But that day was destined to be memorable for a far different event. Alter performing various/ public duties, Mr. Lincoln went with his family at even- ing, April 14th, to attend Ford's Theater. At fifteen minutes after ten o'clock, John Wilkes Booth, an actor, gained entrance to the vestibule of the box where the President was seated, fastened the door after him by bracing a plank between it and the wall, then with a double-edged dagger in his left hand and a small pistol in his right, he stepped within the inner door of the box directly behind Mr. Lincoln, and shot him through the back of the head. Major Rathbpne, who was one of the President's party, seized the assassin, who wrested himself quickly from his grasp, and severely wounded him with the dagger upon his arm. Theft he rushed to the front of the box, shouted ' ' Sic semper tyrannis ,' ' leaped over the railing, and his spur having caught in the flag that hung there, fell upon the stage. He rose instantly, brandished his dagger, faced the audience, and exclaimed, " Tlie South is avenged," and then made his escape at the rear of the theater. The President was removed to a near dwelling ; the ball, it was found, had en tered the brain behind the left ear, and taking an oblique course, had lodged, just behind the right eye. There was no hope of recovery. President Lincoln breathed his last at twenty-two minutes past seven o'clock the next morning, and the whole loyal nation was stricken with astonishment and the most profound grief. CHAPTER VIII. PEISONS, LEGISLATION, OFFICIALS, SCHOOLS AND CHUEOHES, HOSPITALS, HOMES, COMMISSIONS. Life in Eebel Prisons, — Votes on Constitutional Amendment,— Senators Howe and Doolittle, — Adjutant General Gaylord, — Surgeon General Wolcott, — "War Statistics of Schools, Colleges, and Churches, — Army Hospitals, — Mrs. C. A. P. Harvey, — Soldiers' Home, — Soldiers' Orphans' Home, — Or phans' Institute op Seward, — Soldiers' Aid Society, — Freed men's Aid Society, — Christian Commission, — The Dying "Wis consin Soldier. REBEL PRISONS. Cruelty was a marked feature in the Confederacy. Its prin ciples inevitably bred malignity and barbarity. Quantrell and his gang at Lawrence, Forrest and his horde at Fort Pillow, are noted examples. At Fort Pillow, " No quarter " was the cry; "Kill the niggers; shoot them down." Fiendish men vied with each other in the hellish work. They waged an indiscriminate slaughter. They beat, hacked with their sabres, aud shot down men, women and children, sparing neither age nor sex, neither white nor black, soldier nor civi lian. Children ten years of age were made to stand up and face their murderers while they shot them; the sick and wounded were butchered; the drowning were shot; some were fired upon and thrown into the water ; no fiendish act of massacre that their murderous imagination could invent was left untried. From such men Libby Prison, Belle Isle, Florence, Salis bury, Camp Lawton and Andersonville, might be expected. REBEL PRISONS. 1037 The shocking accounts of cruelty there have not been exagge rated. The full story of horrors can never be told. Too many of the dear suffering ones are mute- in the grave. The dying testimony of thousands just escaped from the prison pens of the South was too solemn to be untrue. Substantially the same account was given by all the thousands from Anderson ville, who landed from our ships at Annapolis in November and December, 1864. The emaciated forms of the living, the skeletons of the dead and dying, told the same story. Wis consin men were there, who testified to the nakedness, filth, sickness, starvation and death, that reigned in that pen of horrors. One Wisconsin witness has written as follows : '" When we entered the prison (Andersonville), it was so crowded, that it was with difficulty we could find solid ground enough to lie upon at night. We were provided with no shelter whatever ; very few of us had blankets ; myself and four comrades had no blanket; one of us was bareheaded, three barefoot, and one had no coat. By way of utensils we had the blade of an old fire shovel, found on the way; a pint fruit-can, and a case knife without a handle. Our rations consisted of a quart of mush one day, and its equivalent in corn-bread or johnny-cake the next, and two ounces of bacon. The mush was made by filling a box with hot water, and then stirring in the meal (and salt, when any was provided), with a shovel. The boxes would hold from ten to twelve bushels, and it was dealt out, so many pailfuls to a detachment, or mess of ninety men. This,. for want of something better, we had to draw in a filthy blanket, which had laid upon the ground all night, and each man received his portion in his hand, cap, or anything he could procure." The dead, uncoffined, were piled into wagons like dead swine, and the same wagons were used to bring rations to the prisoners yet living. Sometimes dead bodies would fall off from the load on the way to the burial place, and then were rudely tossed on again. The stockade became so crowded that some were obliged to lie in the swamp part of it. The filth of the prison became so poisonous, that the slightest bruise coming in contact with it would fester into an ulcere 1038 WISCONSIN LN THE WAR. into which gangrene would generally come, and death was almost sure to follow. Men, in going to the stream for water, would often fall down dead. If they reached beyond the dead line to obtain less filthy water, they were often shot dead. If one was detected in endeavoring to " tunnel out " of the stockade, he was "bucked" from morning till night; and if the offender was not known, the whole detachment were often denied even their miserable rations, until some one reported him. Sometimes men watched each other to keep off crawling maggots while their comrades might sleep. Sometimes men died, and no one around expressed regret, but rather joy that they were gone. Many slipped away from life with scarcely any one to take note of their departure. One who was a prisoner writes : "In the tent just forward of mine were two French men, one of whom suffering had made half idiotic. One beautiful night (for the moon and stars shone there as else where), he called to the other, ' Stephen, Stephen, I am going to die.' ' Dry up ; I want to sleep,' responded Stephen. The fellow was silent a few minutes, and then again called, ' Stephen, I am going to die.' ' Die then,' returned Stephen, with an oath. The fellow was again silent a few moments, and then began to sing a plaintive song, which he continued at intervals until he could sing no longer. The next morning they laid him out for the dead carriers. Stephen followed in a day or two after." Each morning, numbers of the dead were found and borne away, yet some corpses lay for days without burial. After a hot sun, followed by a chilling rain, the number of dead was frightful. In some tents or groups, nearly all would be found dead. But, after all, God was not -forgotten by many in An dersonville. The voice of prayer and song were often heard. Those hymns so often sung in Christian congregations and at family hearth-stones, sometimes rolled over those scenes of woe, and cheered and comforted many a despairing heart, and soothed the spirit of many a dying sufferer. Prayer-meetings were held nightly, and many unused before to attend such gatherings were regularly found there ; some of them parti cipants, and some the defenders of the assembly against thieves and murderers that were even there — men who were bounty- REBEL PRISONS. 1039 jumpers, gamblers and villains, before entering the Union army. At Belle Isle, men were exposed to rain, cold and frosts, without any shelter. At Libby Prison the thin pea soup was often black with bugs. The Richmond Examiner recommended sending the prisoners to Daij^ille or Salisbury, where nature would carry them off faster than in Richmond. At Cahawba, Mississippi, where Captain Wheelock, of the Seventh Battery, was imprisoned, the rations were similar to those at Andersonville. At one time the water of the river rose so high as to overflow the whole prison to the depth of two and a half to four feet, and the men were compelled to stand in it or " take turns" on stools, platforms and bunks. William Milham, of the Twenty-ninth Regiment, and ten others, captured at the battle of Sabine Cross Roads, were imprisoned eight months near Houston, Texas, were fed on corn meal, and not enough of that, and all died except one — nine in prison, and Mr. Milham, the tenth, at New Orleans. The Wisconsin witnesses that authorize these statements, in part, are Sergeant John B. Warren and Captain A. B. Wheelock, of the Seventh Battery; Professor J. Ogden, Lieutenant of First Cavalry ; Jasper Culver, of the First In fantry, who was a witness on the Wirtz trial ; B. L. Capp, author of "Six Months a Prisoner of War;" Samuel Hoyt, First Battery ; Alexander Johnston, Sixth Regiment; Oscar Pierce, and Thomas A. Conway, of Milwaukee. Jasper Culver, of Sheboygan Falls, captured at Chicka mauga, was in prison at Belle Isle, Libby, Danville ; at the last place had the small pox ; then, With Sergeant T. D. Mason and one other, escaped^ wandered by night toward the North Star; were everywhere befriended by negroes ; came in sight of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and by the agency of rebel women were all recaptured near Newcastle,Virginia. They were taken by way of Lynchburg and Libby Prison to Andersonville. After months of suffering there, Mason, Culver and Lewis Trowbridge escaped, and after a long and hazardous march,- being aided by some negroes, but justly afraid of the treachery of others, they reached Sherman's Army at Atlanta, and Cul ver was kept with it until the close of the war. Professor *Ogden and a companion escaped from Camp Sorg- 66 1040 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. hum, South Carolina, November 26th, 1864, and after seventeen days and nights were recaptured by means of bloodhounds, and taken back to prison at Columbia. The account is full of interest, as given by the professor in Abbott's "Prison Life in the South." Many of the Union prisoners finally returned to their friends as those alive from the dead. But, alas! for many mourning families no such surprise and comfort came. They have been obliged to defer the reunion to the other world. Rollin M. Freeman, of Menasha, was fitting to be a missionary printer when the war broke out, but enlisted for his country; at Murfreesboro was so feeble that a discharge was offered him, which he refused; was captured at Chickamauga; for a year suffered the horrors of Libby, Danville and Anderson ville, and at the last place died. His only brother, William, served full four years. Lieutenant William M. Bristoll, of the Thirteenth Wis consin Battery, at the opening of the war was found in Charleston, first as a teacher, and then as endeavoring to dispose of his father's property and escape to his home in Connecticut. He was arrested, the property confiscated to the Confederacy, and he forbidden to leave the city. By strategy he left; was suspected, but allowed to pass as a Confederate; went by way of Columbia, Atlanta and Chattanooga, to Nash ville, and there was refused permission to go North. He there fore first went South, and then North again, passed a variety of dangers, until at last a boy in a cornfield told him that he was in Kentucky, a Union State. But new troubles came ; he fell in with an armed force of secessionists, who claimed they had just snatched Kentucky from *the Union ; secretly left them; after one hundred miles more was arrested by Union troops as a Southern spy ; but at last reached his father's house, came to Milwaukee, and enlisted to wage war against rebels. LEGISLATION. The Legislature of Wisconsin, as a body, during the whole war adopted the most patriotic and energetic measures for the suppression of the rebellion. Their action has already been noted in various parts of this volume. The Wisconsin Mem bers of Congress were, in general, equally patriotic and LHSlSLATIOir. 1041 decided. The action of the two senators at the opening of the rebellion has been considered. The vote, both of nienib ?:-¦? of Congress and of the Legislature, on the Constitution." Amendment abolishing slavery, was the following : The ques tion being brought up for consideration in the United States Senate, April 8th. 1S64. Messrs. Doolittle and Howe voted in favor of the amendment. Failing of a two-thirds vote in the House at that time,. the subject was again brought up in that body on January 6th, 1S65, and the vote of Wisconsin Repre sentatives stood as follows: Yeas — Ithimar C. Sloan, Amasa Cobb, Ezra Wheeler, Walter D. Mclndoe — 4. Xays — James S. Brown, Charles A. Eldridge— 2. The joint resolution being approved. February 1st. 1S65, the subject was presented by Governor Lewis to the Legislature, and,passed by the Senate, February 21st, 1865, by the follow ing vote : T«is — G-. S. Bamnm, J. A. Bentlv, TV. Blair, J. Bowman. J. I. Case. W. H. Chandler. J. A. Chandler. S. Cole, G. D. Elwood. J. Harris. T. Hood. TV. Ketchum. "W. A. Lawrence. TV. L. Lincoln, X. M. Littlejohn, C. C Pope, G. Reed. M. H. Sessions. TV. E. Smith. A. Van Wyek, H. G. TVebb, W. S. TVestcott. G. F. Wheeler, S. S. Wilkinson, "W. K. "Wilson. A. H. Tonng, M. K. Tonng — 2T. A%s— S. TV. Endlong, S. Clark, F. S. Ellis. L. Morgan, H. P. Reynolds, F. O. Thorp — 6. The vote in the Assembly, February 24th, 1865, was the following : Teas— W. J. Abrams. O. Babcock, L. W. Barden. J. Berry, IV. T Bonniwell. Jr. ; A. A. Bovee. "W. Brandon. L. J. Brayton. J. H Brinkerhoff. J. Bureess. J. X. Cadby. S. C Can. J. B. Cassoday F. K. Church. X. Cobb. "W. M. Colladay, DeWitt Davis, T. Davis R. Dewhurst. R. Dead. D. Dunwiddie. H. L. Eaton. X. H. Emxn^ns R. K. Fav. TV. P. Forsyth, H. Fowler. J. S. Frary, M. A. Fnit n M. Gilbert. R. Glenn. B. F. Groesoeck. J. Hadley, J. F. Hani. T. !\ Horton. D. Johnson, S. Jndd, E. P. King, W. A. Knapp. F. i3tle. M. F. Lowth, TV. W. McLanghlin,.M. J. McRaith. E. 5. Miner. J. B Monteith. D. Mowe. J. Oberman. TV. H. Officer. S. TV. Osborn . TV Owen, TV. Palmer. A. Pike, D. A. Reed. C. Rogers. J. Ross. S Ryan, Jr.: E.G. Salisbury, J. Sawyer, TV. Simmons, Z. G. Sim mens. E. Slade, G. Sr-oor.A. TV. Starks. A. C. Stnntz. J. M. Tarr A. Tavlor. H. C. Tilton, O. B. Thomas. J. Thompson, Jr. ; H. U:t D. C. Tan Ostrand, J. Vaughan. F. A. Weage. C. "Whipple, G. C. T\ il liams. H. S. TVinsor, H. 5. TVooster, W. "W. Field, Speaker of the body — 77. 1042 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Nays—E. Boyd, C. B. Daggett, M. L. Delaney, D. Ford, B. Franck- enburg, F. Gnewuch, E. B. Goodsell, 0. F. Jones, D. Knab, J. Large, H. McLean, H. Mulholland, M. Murphy, S. A. Pease, P.Peters, J. Piper, L. Walker, T. Weaver, J. Wedig, J. W. Weiler, R. White, — 21. J. Harker and J. McGrath were absent. The two senators of Wisconsin, during the whole war took a noble and prominent stand upon all questions pertaining to the rebellion. It was Mr. Howe's first speech in the Senate, in 1861, that drew from Mr. Douglas a reply, in which he made his first deliberate and direct attack upon secession. While Mr. Howe was a member of the old Whig party, he protested against every measure in that odious series by which slavery had endeavored to fortify and perpetuate its power — the reso lutions of Mr. Atherton, the annexation of Texas, the spolia tion of Mexico, the admission of slavery into the territories of which she had been despoiled, the fugitive slave law of 1850, and the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. On the question of State Rights, Mr. Howe held before the war a position which enabled him consistently and boldly to oppose the principles of secession when it came. Judge Howe was borji in Livermore, Maine, February 24th, 1816. In that State he received an academic education, and was admitted to the bar. He settled at Green Bay in 1845, was a successful law yer, was chosen a Judge of the Judicial Court in 1850, and resigned in 1855; and entered the United States Senate March 4th, 1861. Senator Doolittle's public life is well known. He was born in Hampton, Washington County, N. Y., January 3rd, 1815; graduated at Geneva College in 1834 ; was admitted to the Supreme Court of New York in 1837 ; removed to Wisconsin in 1851; became Judge of the First Judicial Circuit; was elected Senator of the United States in 1857, and re-elected in 1863 for the term ending in 1869. OFFICIALS. Two military officers of the State, who in important posi tions have been identified with her action during the war, are, Adjutant and Inspector General Augustus Gaylord, commis sioned January 7th, 1862, and Surgeon General E. B. Wolcott, SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. 1043 commissioned April 18th, 1861. Both have the rank of brigadier general. It is a significant testimony that three different governors appointed the former on their staffs, and four, the latter. On the foregoing pages reference is fre quently made to the authority of General Gaylord ; his reports have been a thesaurus constantly in use in preparing this volume. This book itself is in some sense a monument to the value of his labors, and of those associated with him in the same department. During all the war, when news of a battle came where Wis consin troops were engaged, particularly at the West, General Wolcott, with a corps of assistants, generally moved at on'ce to the field. Wounded and dying soldiers visited by him in such trying scenes are numbered by thousands. When disease was found to be prevailing among Wisconsin troops, Surgeon" Wolcott, with proper sanitary means, often visited the suffering regiments. Hospitals at the South came often under his inspection. The whole corps of Wisconsin surgeons were in a measure under his influence, and many felt the impetus and encouragement given by his visits. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. An interesting feature in the patriotism of the people to overthrow the rebellion, is the firm and enthusiastic hold it took on the public schools, academies and colleges, of the State. The statistics of a few such institutions are an index of the rest. One hundred and forty-three of those who were or had been scholars of the Third Ward School of Milwaukee, enlisted in the army and navy, and were scattered among a large number of military organizations. The alumni of the Racine High School, of which Colonel J. G. McMynn was formerly Principal, have placed in the hall of their edifice a marble tablet, bearing the names of six heroes, formerly members of the school, who laid their lives on their country's altar in the war of the rebellion. They were, Sergeant Major James J. Hinds, John D. Morgan and George M- Yout, of the Twenty-second Regiment; Joseph M. Mann, of the Second ; George S. Janes, of the Eighth, and John G. Phillips, of the Tenth. 1044 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Three hundred and ten students of Milton Academy entered the army, and forty-three died or were killed. The academy raised one company for the Thirteenth Regiment, one for the Fortieth, and parts of companies for the Second and Forty- ninth. The school had representatives in forty-four Wisconsin regiments or batteries, and in thirty-one regiments of other States, besides in general positions — eighty-four organizations in all. Sixty-nine students received commissions to fill posi tions, from that of second lieutenant up to brigadier general. Beloit College was represented in thirty-five Wisconsin regi ments or batteries, in thirty Illinois organizations, in twenty- four of other States, in nine colored regiments, and in other positions — more than one hundred in all. Two hundred and seventy former teachers or students of the college were in the loyal service — none, so far as known, in the rebel service. One hundred and forty-five held positions of honor or trust, of whom eighty were commissioned officers; among whom were two chaplains, one brigadier general, seven colonels, five lieutenant colonels, five adjutants, and twenty-six captains. More than sixty returned to the institution, and proved that they were not demoralized. Ninety-six of one hundred and sixty-nine Congregational Churches of Wisconsin reported the following aggregate : There were three hundred and sixty-five members of those churches in the army, and 1,212 male adult members not in the army, many of whom were not liable to military duty ; . from the same congregations there were 1,175 other men in the army ; twenty-eight officers of those 'churches, forty-three sons of ministers, and eleven ministers, were also in the service. Eighty-five of the three hundred and sixty-five church- members lost their lives, and also two hundred and thirty- five of the 1,125 other members of the congregations. Of the church-members who had returned, most of them are reported to have come back with untarnished character. In the Congregational Church of Baraboo, twenty-seven sons of the members were in the army, and ten husbands of female members. Six families had each three members who went to the war, two of those families lost each two of its' members by death, and each of the other four one member — eight deaths £_.-, S. H. Mosher, do B, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. P. W. Lord, do B. Petersburg Anrtl 1 'fis S. H. Honey, do John Purdy, do R. W. Walker, do Wm. Wright, do R. S. Van Norman, t D, SpottsylvaniaJ May 10, '64. D, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. E, Wilderness, May 5, '64. F, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. , do G. do May 10, '64. 1062 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. J. S. Heiberlig, Corp., C, Sailor's Cr'k, Apr. 6, '65. A. Johnson, do C, do Apr. 7, '65. Geo. A. Welty, do F, do Apr. 6, '65. Geo. R. Bennett, do I, Fredericksb'g, MayS,'63, A. T. Rains, do I, do MayS, '68, John Green, do K, Rappahannock, Nov, 7, '63. Jas. Miller, do K, Spottsylvania, May iO, '64. Adams G. W., A, Fredericksburg, MayS, '68. Augur A. K.. E, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Arnett W. W., E, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Ackert Wm., F, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Aber E. L., F, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Bride Jas. , A, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Bosoart Aubert, A, do May 3, '63. Barth J., A, Rappahannock, Nov. 7, '63. Bailey M.,B, do Nov. 7, '63. Bilg Lewis, C, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Bussell John B. , E, Rappahannock, Nov. 7, '68. Beggs Albert A., F, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Billington Hiram, G, do April 2, '65. Bigford Edw., H, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Barstead Andrew, I, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Bragg John, I, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Brewster Jas. M., I, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. Coly Lewis, D, do May 10, '64. Conlin James, G, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Crasley John, K, Wilderness, May 5, '61. Day J. C. c:, I, do May 5, '64. Frost Chauncey, F, do May 5, '64. Foster Wm., D, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. Galligher John, D, Sailor's Creek, April 0, '63. Glover S. C, E, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Gurnae J. D., E, Sailor's Creek, April 6, 65. Gilman Ira, E, Petersburg, April 2, '65. ' Graham Allen, H, do April 2, '65. Gilbert Franklin, I, do April 2, '65. Hai'lick Francis, A, Fredericksburg, May 8, '63. Hubbard Hugh, B, Cold Harbor, June 1, '64. Hayes Milton, I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Harvey Benj., I, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. Irving Robert, G, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Johnson Isaac, I, Rappahannock, Nov. 7, '68. Kent Depusey, A, Winchester, Sept. 19, '64. Kelley Wm. N., B, Fredericksburg, May 8, '63. Loefler C, A, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Lisner H., F, do April 2, '65. McKittrick Thos., B, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Martin Edw., D. Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Muzzy L.M.,D, do April 6, '65. Mills-Geo. E., do April 6, '65. Morgan Edw., E, Wilderness, Mayo, '64. McCray Andrew, K, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Nichols Elias H., B, Winchester, Sept. 19, '64. Olcott Thomas, A, Fredericksburg, May 3, '68. Poehl Henry, A, Winchester, Sept. 19, '64". Peleha Michael, A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Pierson Jos., E, do May 5, '64. Pitts Royal, E, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Pedley Bidwell, I, do May 8, '68. Peleugs Aug.,K, do May 3, '68. Phillips Wm., K, Rappahannock, Nov. 7, '68. Purnvelle Paul, D, Wilderness, May 5, '64. i Riley Abraham, A, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Hierton John, B, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Salsman F. W. , B, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. Summer Albert, B, do May 8, '68. Smith Stephen, G, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. Smith Wm. G, Fredericksburg, May 3, '68. Shoemaker E. , I, do May 8, '63. Shoemaker E. R., I, do May 8, '68. Tibballs Whitney, E, Spottsylvania, May 10, '64. Tripp Byron, H, Fredericksburg, May 8, '68. TrowleyJohn H, do May 8, '63. Thomas Geo. B., I, do May 8, '6% Valentine John D. , E, do May 8, '68. Vesey Aaron, I, do May 8, '63. Wroith Wentzel, F, Sailor's Creek, April 6, '65. White Wm. T., I, Fredericksburg, May 3, '63. DIED OF WOUNDS. H. M. Wheeler, major, Washington, Nov. 10, '63. Samuel White, capt., D, May 20, '61. Geo. E. Hilton, do G, May 17, '64. John McMurray, do H, Washington, May 80, '63. C. H. Mayer, 1st It., A, Petersburg, April 21 65. J R. Strong, sgt. maj., Fredericksb'g, May 15,'62. Jacob Wissman, sgt., C, Washington, May 26, '64. Wm. Hall, sergt., C, Virginia, March 25, '65. C. Kessinger, do C. Ft. Monroe, May 31, '62. C. Verbeck, do E, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. H. C. Hern, do D, Williamsburg, May — , '62.- Wm. Norton, do I, Washington, June 28, '68. A. Norton, I, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. J. Cotherns, Corp., A, Williamsburg, May — ,'62. Dodge Prevo, do B, Washington, July 23, '63. Philip Ziegler, do 0, Williamsburg, May — , '62. V. B. Gee, do F, Washington, July 23, '63. J. R. Williams, do G, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. Wm. A. Reid, do I, Williamsburg, May — , '62. Allen Jas. W., B do May — , '62. Austin Edwin, H, do May — , '62. Bride Robert, A, Fredericksburg, May 28, '68. Brown H., C, Alexandria, April 8, '65. Buffum G. W., D, Sailor's Creek, April 28, '65. Beach R., E, Washington, Nov. 25, '63. Bolton J. K., K, Spottsylvania, May 14, '64. Cole 0. J., F, Williamsburg, May '62. Cantwell K., G, Washington, Nov. 14, '08. EddyD. C, A, Williamsburg, May—, '62. Echman Jos., F, Washington, April 17, '65. Flyn Wm., G, April 18, '65. ' Gee C. H.,B, Grunin Todd, G, Washington, May 27, '64. Grey Wm., I, Cold Harbor, June 3, '64. Hall Lucius, F, Baltimore, July 27, '62. Hinson 0. P., G, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Jordon N. D., G, Cold Harbor, June 8, '64. Johnson Henry, H, Williamsburg, May — , '62. Klussner, F., F, Washington, May 29, '64. LyonWm. D.,D, do Dec. 19, '62. Lehn John, E, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. McLaughlin J., B, Washington, June 16, '63. Moffitt Wm. T., D, do April 6 '65. MarlattE.,F, do April 17, '65. Millard Burton, G, Williamsburg, May — , '62 Moore G. W., H, Chesapeake Hosp., May 27, '0*. '. Menzer Henry, C, Alexandria, May 80, '64. Nolte Frederick, K, Washington, May 21, '64. Potter A. T., B, Winchester, Sept. 19, '64. Peterson G.,E, Cold Harbor, June 8, '64. Phelops W. M., F, Washington, April 13, '65. Paeull M. H., K, April 15, '05. Parkinson J. J., B, Fredericksburg, May 4, '68. Raymond P. G., E, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. Rattery J., P, Rappahauock, Nov. 11, '68. Raymond Geo. E., G, Fredericksburg, May 6. 'G8 Robinson Thos., K, Spottsylvania, May 12, '64. Stick Henry, A, Fredericksburg, May 23, !68. Smith John, B, Washington, June — , '63. Sheriner A. A.,.C, Williamsburg, May — , '62. Stuck Wm., C, Washington, Nov. 29, '63. Smoley Henry, G, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Thielke Henry, D, Washington, June 6, '64. Van AlstineC. A., G, April 7, '65. Woodcock David, A, Williamsburg, May — , '62 Wait J. H., B, Wieman John, Baltimore, Oct. 11, '64. White Harry, D, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Wright Marshall, G, Washington, May 21, '64. Walker Henry, H, Williamsburg, May — , '62. Wheelock T. H., I, do May — , '62. THE NAMES OF THE DEAD. 1063 DIED OF DISEASE. Harvey W. Emery, lt. col.,Lisbon,N.H.,Oet,13,>62. Wm. Evans, capt., K, Philadelphia, Aug. 1, '62. John M. Mott, do K, Frederick, July 26, '68. A. L. Cutts, sergt., E, Fairfax, Mar. 15, '62. John Stick, Corp., A, Philadelphia, Sept. 11, '62. J. Hayward, do B, Harper's Ferry, Aug. 15, '64. J. W. Thompson, Corp., B, Baltimore, Aug. S, '64. T.Langhoft, do C L.H. Hosp.,June20,'62. E. F. Davidson, do F, Camp Griffin, Nov. 30,'61. M. I. Santorn, do G, Philadelphia, Aug. 25, '62. J. S. Smith, do G, Camp Griffin, Feb. 26, '62. A. H. Livermore, do G, Philadelphia, Aug. 12, '62. •Wm. Tempkins, do H, Oct. 5, '64. J. W. Effiny, do I, Camp Griffin, Nov. 28, '61. J. H. Sevey, do K, Alexandria, April 11, '64. Atherholt W. D., B, Lib. Hall Hosp., June 11, '62. Apel Michael, K, Petersburg, Feb. 5, '65. Buboltz F., A, BeUe Plaine, Feb. 28, '63. Burroughs, Wm., C.Philadelphia, Aug. 81, '62. Braithwaite W., E, Hagerstown, Oct. 29, '62. Batchem Eli, E, Cumberland, Dec. 11, '64. Bagley J. C, F, Baltimore, Dec. 11, '62. ?Bates Jas., G, Rappahannock, Nov. 9, '63. Blodgett P. J., H, Alexandria, Oct. 81, '64. Breed E., I, Camp Griffin, Nov. 29, '61. Burlingame H., K, do Oct. 20, '61. Braen Ernest, K, Belle Plaine, Feb. 24, '63. Burpe C. E., K, Corps Hospital, Jan. 20, '64. Craissant G. H., A, do April 3, '63. Creaser Wm., B, Belle Plaine, Dec. 14, '62. Colvin Oscar W., B, Corps Hospital, May 4, '63. Courtright Brazil, E, Camp Griffin, Oct. 22, '61. Coonan J. W., E, Baltimore, Dec. IS, '62. Crandal A., E, Wilson Station, May U, '65. Cbismore A., H, Nov. 19, '61. Case Aaron, I, Alexandria, Nov. 1 , '62. Cronch Jas., K, do Oct. 24, '64. Carpenter B. W., K, City Point, April 9, '65. Davis Chas., A., Philadelphia, Dec. 8, '62, Demuth Franz-, C, N. Y. City, Nov. 28, '62. Douglas H. A., D, Philadelphia, Sept. 20, '62. Darling Truman, F, Portsmth Grove, Oct. 17, '62. Downs E. H-, H, Harrison's Landing, July 3, '62. Dutcher Piatt, K, V. S. Hosp., Md., Oct. 9, '62. Eastman J. R., I, Philadelphia, Sept. 14, '62. Foley Michael, B, Annapolis, Oct. 9, '63. Farrar M. J., D. Philadelphia, Sept. 18, '62. Fbule Wro. H., E, Western Flotilla. Francisco T. B. W., H, BeUe Plaine, Dec. 2, '62. Fraker John, K, Washington, Oct. 8, '61. Galvin Martin, A, do April 9, '62. Geisel Edw., C, Hagerstown, Dec. 7, '62. Gibbs Zeno, D, Dec. 29, '61. Gower Samuel, F, Baltimore, Oct. 3, '62. Henrich G., A, Liberty Hall Hosp., June 19, '62. Hubbard H. A., A, Frederick, Oct. '62. Hastings Thos. B. Hospital. Herzog Godfried, C, N. Y. City, June 25, '62. Hutchins W. M..D, Lib. Hall Hosp., June 10, '62. Hale Geo. W., E, Washington, Sept. 24, '62. Hutzell G. E., E, Hospital, May 4, '65. Horton D., F, Belle Plaine, Mar. 15, '62. Hoke E., H, Washington, Sept. 16, '61. Heggegar Peter, I, Warren's Station, Mar. 22, '65. Kessinger J., C, West Philada., Feb. 6, '68. Kinnesley Chas., D, Washington, March 1, '64. Lawley A., D, Annapolis, Aug. 13, '64. Larson G., K, U. S. Hosp., Md., Oct. 6, '62. Langdell Niles, K, Philadelphia. Leyder Peter, A, BeUe Plaine, Jan. 29, '63. Morris F. B. , B, July 81 , '64. Mahler G., C, Liberty Hall Hosp., June 14, '62. Mulhauser A., C, do June 14, '62. Magus J. M., F, City Point, March 15, '65. McPheten W. H., H, BeUe Plaine, Feb. 18, '68. Miller John, H, Philadelphia, May 5, '62. Mansfield F., I, Camp Griffin, Nov. 16, '61. Messer F., K, AndersouviUe, Aug. 21, '64. Moore A. B., K, Harrison's Landing, Aug. 14, '62. Nicks W. A., H, Savage Station, July 5, '62. Oleson Ole, A, Lib. HaU Hosp., June 17, '62. Osborn T., E, Jan. 27, 62. Osborn Chas. D., G, Hagerstown, Nov. "24, '62. Page G. W., D, Oct. 1, '61. Parker S. C, D, Madison, April — , '64. Platts B. K., E, Lib. HaU Hosp., July IS, '62. Rath C, A, Hagerstown, Nov. 8, '62 Reingans P. H., C, Washington, Nov. 9, '62. Reed Newell, D, Dec. S, '61. Riley J. L., D, May — , '62. Reed J., I, Alexandria, Dec. 5, '64. Skinner J. H., A, Gen. Hosp., Dec. 4, '64. Spencer Geo., B, Dec. 14, '61. Starkey B. F., B, Rebel Prison, Sept. 4, '64. Simons J. C, E, Baltimore, Sept. IS, '62. Southmayd J. S., E, Division Hosp., Jan. 24, '65. Staples J. H.,F, Dec. 13, '61. Smith Hugh B., G, BeUe Plaine, April 12, '63. Schoomaker W., H, Baltimore, July 5, '62. Stalker C. L., H, Newark, Sept. 6, '62. Stoddard W. H., H, Washington, May 28, '65. Saunders H. 0., I, Alexandria, Nov. 2 '62. Stanton W., I, Washington, Nov. 14, '62. Squires H. C, E%. May — , '62. Thompson W. D., F, Acquia, Nov. 2S, '62. Tanner Vera W., G, Dec. 9, '61. Tanner Ira, G, Washington, Dec. 15, '62. Thomas A. L., H, Dec. 1, '61. Van Brocklin E., A, Philadelphia, Sept. 4, '62. Vaughn A. N., E, May — , '62. Whaling S., A, Fredericksburg, May 12 '63. Wood Isaac J., F, Transport, Aug. -li. '62. Wait J., G, Harrison's Landing, July 19, '62. *Wait Geo., G, Orangeville, 0., June 4, '63. Wood Harrison, K, Belle Plaine, March 10, '63. Young W. L., K, Harrison's Landing, July 19, '62. * Killed by Accident. Killed in Action 98 Died of Wounds 71 Died of Disease 116 Total 285 SIXTH REGIMENT. TrrT.T.tn js ACTION. Philip W. Plummer, maj., WUdemess, May 5, '64, W.W.Hutchins,capt.,B,YeUow House, Aug. 19,'64. E. A. Brown, do E, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. W. Von BacheUi, do F, do Sept. 17, '62. John Ticknor, do K, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. H. F. Pruyn, 1st It., A, Laurel HU1, May 8, '64. Wm. F. Bode, do F, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Oscar Gratz, do F, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. O. D. Chapman, 2d It., C, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. J. Timmons. do G, Y. House, Aug. 19, '64. C. BabcockJ serg. maj., Petersburg, Aug. 19, '64. C. Lampe, 1st sergt., F, BuU Run 2d, Aug. 80, '62. N. Snyder, do H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. A. Miller, do I, Gettysburg, July 1 '63. A. Fowler, sergt., A, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, '65 W. Gallup, do D, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. 1064 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. M. Sage, sergt., F, Petersburg, June 18, '64. J. A. Hyatt, do G, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. W.H.H.Burns, do G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. C. A. Green, do I, Petersburg, June IS, '64. A.'E. Tarbox, do K, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. J. Alexander, Corp., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. L. D. Fenton, do A, Cold Harbor, June 2, '64. D. Z. Young, do B, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. W. E. Evans, do B, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. R. Montgomery, do D, South M't'n, Sept. 14, '62. D. Simmons, do D, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. D. Spear, do D, Petersburg, Aug. IS, '04, M. Odell, do D, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6,'65. J. P. Hart, do E, Spottsylvania, May S, '64. Geo. Islep, do F, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. J. H. Cowan, do G, do Sept. 17, '62. Chas. Meade, do G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Wm. Bailey, do H, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. John Mang, do H, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. John Doyle, do H, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, '65. G. A. Ruby, do I, Fredericksburg,Apr.29,'63. W. H. Nichols, do I, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. A. Fletcher, do K, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. W.J. Revels, do K, Weldon R. R., Aug.19,'64. Anderson H , B, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Armstrong W. B., C, do July 1, '68. Amman P., C, Petersburg, Aug. 18, '61. Arnold F., D, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Atwood G. VV., I, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Abbott Chas. A., K, do Sept. 17, '62. Blake Wm. P A, do Sept. 17, '62. Bunzel Frederick, A, Gravelly Run, March 81, '65. Baur Frederick, A, do March 81, '65. Bodecker H., A, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 7, '65. Brown L.,'B, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Barrett G, C, B Jericho Ford, May 23, '64. Boyd A. C, C, Petersburg, Aug. IS, '64. Bedford Wm., G, Gainesville, Aug. 23, '62. Blake Thos., H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Burnham Chas., I, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Boughton L. M., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Benedict L. S., I, Laurel Hill, May 10. '64. Copeland W. H., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Cole V. A., B, do Sept. 17, '62. CasporasW. J., B, do Sept. 17, '62. Charlesworth 0., D, Gettysburg, July.l, '68. Oarnes W. R., 1, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. Chamberlain G. E., K, S'th Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Cummings Daniel, K, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Dunning H. M , D, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 80, '62. Diener J., E, Petersburg, July 30, '64. Didiot H., I, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Douglass Geo., I, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Dibble C. F., I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Eversoll F., D, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Ellsworth F., I, do Aug. 28, '62. Ellis O. C, I, Hatcher'sRun, Feb. 6, '65. Fort S., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Faust W., B, Gettysburg, Julyl, '68. Fulton R. A., B, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62 Fisher W., C, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Fry Jas., H, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Fuchs John, H, Petersburg, June 19, 'ii4. Fine R., I, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 81, '62. Frembeyn A., K, Five Forks, April 1, '65. Garlaugh F., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. GluthF.,B, do Sept. 17 '62. Geary Francis, D, do Sept. 17, '62. Gallup Warren, D, do Sept.'lT, '62. Green Frank, G, do Sept. 17, '62. Gamble Richard, G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Gardner L. S., K, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 30, '62. Hedges, J., A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Hickock Wm., C, Jericho Ford, May 23, '64. Hanshurg F., D, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 7, '65. Harre C, F, Gettysburg, July '68. Haag J., F, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 7, '65. Haley M., G, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Hasland J., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Hopp C, I, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Huntley R., K, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Harrison W. P., K, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Hancock W. P., K, Petersburg, June 18, '64. "Hancock W. D., K, Salisbury Prison, Nov. 16,'64. Jones R. M., A, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Jones E. J., E, Petersburg, Feb. 6, '65. Johnson J. A., I, do Aug.19,'64, Johnson J. P., I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Kyes J. 0., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Kitner W. J., A, Petersburg, Aug. 19, '64. Kellogg C, A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. King F., E, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Klokow C, F, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. KofflerJos., H, do Sept. 17, '62. Laughart J. E., A, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Leaman E., E, Gettysburg, Julyl, '03. Laurence Wm., I, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Miles Geo. C, A, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. McCawdron M..B, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Mallony A., B, Hatcher's Rim, Feb. 6, '65. " Marston R., C, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. McCoy J., C, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, '65. Manning P., G. Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Mogler W., G, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 7, '65. Mann 0., G, Gainesville, Aug. 2S, '62. Martin N., H, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Moy J., H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Nettleton L., H,.Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Pierson Wm., A, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Pierson J., A, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Pettitt H. E., C, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 30, '62. Powell J., C, Fredericksburg, April 29, '63. Perkins A. M., D, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Patterson Wm., K, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Richardson Jas., B, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Rouch David, E, Petersburg, Feb. 6, '65. Root A., E, do Aug. 5, '64. Sutter N., B, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Streiff M., B, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. Smith A. C, B, Spottsylvania, May 8, '64. Sprague C, D, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Siebenthall F., D, do July 1, '68. Shay John, E, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '64. Spengler Philip, F, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Schluter H., F, Petersburg, July 1, '64. SchierenbockenE., H, Gettysburg, Julyl, '68. Smith F., H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Sutter G. W., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Salts A., I, Five Forks, April 1, '65. Scoville J., K, Gettsyburg, July 1, '63. Thompson John, B, Wilderness, May 5, '64. TooleyA., C, do May 5, '64. Thesmier A., F, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 30, '62. Trumbull H. W. , K, Fredericksburg, April 29, '63. Vesper S. S., C, Bull Run 26, Aug. 80, '62. Whitman J. C, A, South Mountain Sept. 14, '62. Winkler I., B, Gravelly Run, Mar. 31, '65. Wilson A. B., D, South Mountain, -Sept. 14 '62. Wrinch Gottfried, G, Sailor's Creek, April 8, '65, Wellhausen A., F, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 80, '62. Whittaker H., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Wright, R. 0., G, do Sept. 17, '62. Wescott L., K, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Young F., C, Bull Run, Aug. 80, '62. Young S., G, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Yates A. L., K, Laurel Hill, May 12, ';,. Zwarink, A., I, Gravelly Run, March 31, '65. * Shot by rebel guard. /DIED OF WOUNDS. R. P. Converse, capt., B, Wilderness, May 5, '64. J. R. Lammey, do D, Feb. 15, '65. C.P.Hyatt, do E, -Philada., Sept. 22, '64. J. L. Converse, 1st It., G, Wilderness, May 5, '64. I. W. Hendricks, 1st It., K, Feb. 13, '65, J. H. Burns, sergt. E, Wilderness, May 7, '64. F. Hagenow, do F, May 21, '64. T. A. PoUeys, do H, Alexandria, June 80, '64. THE NAMES OF THE DEAD. 1065 Wm. Fox, sergt., I, Keedysville, Sept. 21, J62. R. Artridge, Corp., A, Frederick, Sept. 14,^62. J. Kelly, do B, Gettysburg, July 21, '63. J. M. Moore, do G, Boonsboro, Md. , Oct.19,'62, C. M. Jenks, do G, City Point, Nov. 2."), '64. J. Mason, do G, March 81, '65. D. Kelly, do H. K. Thompson, do I, Washington, June 27, '64. Alverson T. W., B, May— ,'64. Bales Ashbury, A, June 25, '64 Bundy C, F, Washington, June 11, '64. Burbank D. C, G, Middletown, Oct. — , '62. Butler E. W., H, Washington, April 8, '65. Campbell R. J., E, May 28, '64. Cole E. W., G, April 16, '65. Corey V. W., G, April 2, '65. Conklin C. A., I, Stafford C. H., May 9, '68. Collins W. M., I. Carter M. D., I, Feb. 11 '65. - Coppernall C. E., K, Aug. 13, '64. Durant J. W., E, July 3, '63. Eagan J., D, Frederick, Oct. 10, '62. Eggleston L. W., H, Gettysburg, July 26, '68. Francis C. H., B, Alexandria, Oct. 6, '64. Frodine J. W., G, Frederick, Oct. 15, '62. Fenton D. C, I. Goggins Wm., B, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 8, '65. Gilbertson Wm. B, City Point, April 17, '65. Garfield M. A., E, Washington, Sept. 2, '68. Gray Richard, I. Hewitt E. P., 0 Sharpsburg, Sept. 17, '62. Hayden M., D, Gettysburg, Aug. 5, '68. Harding J., I, Boonsboro, Md., Nov. 18, '62. Joerres Jos., D, Baltimore, Feb. 22, '65. Kline Wm., A, Keedysville, Md., Sept. 24, '62. Keeler A. D., B, Smokytown, Md., Oct. 7, '62. KlabenowX, D, April 22, '65. Leavitt M. , D, April 8, '65. Miller G. W., D, Washington, June IS, '64. McKinnon C, E, Chambersburg, Dec. — , '68. Mulleter Paul, H, Washington. Markle Peters., I. Palmer Uriah, A, Gettysburg, July 21, '63. Pierson L., A, July 21 '64. Powers.M. J., D, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 8, '65. Rice Geo., A Washington, Oct. 12, '62. Rader J., F, Germantown, Pa., Aug. 24, '63. Robbins Geo., I, Georgetown, Sept. 21, '62. Stults Henry. A, Baltimore, Feb. 19, '65. Sheldon L. W., C, Washington, Nov. 5, '62. Shiel ds P . I. , D, do June 1 , '64. Schneider John, D, April 4, '65. Schnider J. L. , G, Washington, June 16, '64. Smith Clark, I. Stedman Levi, I, July 17, '63. Scott John, K, City Point, April 1, '65. Taylor Samuel, H. r Thompson James H., K, City Point, Feb. 13, '65. Webber Peter, H, Frederick, Oct. 28, '62. White H.M., H, Washington, June 29, '64. Wright Caleb C, I. White Thos., I, Sept. 14, '64. Williams J. P., K, Baltimore, March 9; '65. DIED OP DISEASE. Lynus Johnson, asst. surg., . April 25, '65. B. Campbell, 1st serg., D, Baltimore, Aug. S, '61. 0. Sargeant, serg., B, Arlington, March 7, '62. G. 0. Adams, do C, Washington, Sept. 17, '61. J. N. Chestnut, do C, Frederick, Jan. 28, '63. B.E.Smith, do E, Dec. IS, '61. S. P. Webb, Corp., E, Arlington, Oct. 23, '61. J. M. Brigham, do I, Camp Lyon, Oct. 2, '61. A. Thompson, do I, Charleston, Dec. 12, '64. Ames A. D., A, Jan. 2, '62. Anderson A. , B, Washington, May 19, '65. Brown M. H., 0, May 23, '65. Beeman John, C, Andersonville. Bowels J. T., E, City Point, Jan. 2, '65. Bickelhaupt Wm., F, Washington, Oct. 22, '62. Broder J., G, Philadelphia, Aug. 16, '68. Burch Perry, G, Point Lookout, Dec. 18, '63. Bishop H. W., I, Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 6, '64. Crandall Frank M., A, July 6, '64. Clark C, B, Washington, Sept. 11, '61. Cottrell A. D., C, June 18, '65. Chadayn Austin, C, Andersonville. Cannon Barney, G, Rebel Prison. Clark Alonzo, G, do Cortrell S., H, Washington, March 4, '64. Drysdale John, C, March 29, '65. Dilamater N., E, Harrisburg, Aug. 2, '61. Downey C H. , F, Baltimore. Dock A., F, Annapolis, April S, '65. Dahl K. J., G, March 17, '62. Dejean V., K, Washington, Dec. 24, '62. Emons A., I, Hillsboro, Wis., Dec. 2, '6-1. Emmons R. K , G, Washington, Dec. 30, '62. Edward H. H., K, Arlington, Nov. 25, '61. FiskA. 1.., C, do Feb. 1, '62. Fisher F., H, City Point, Jan. 21, '65. Fox Abijah, I, Belle Plaine, March 6, '63. Fosdick H. A., I, Washington, Sept. 21, '63. Green G., C, Prairie du Chien, Wis., Feb. 1, '65. Garfield R. D., E, Nov. 29, '61. Goetsch Leo, F, Washington, Deo. 10, '62. Grant A. C, I, do April 6, '65. GileC. M., K, do May 12, '65. Hodgeden J. G., A, Maine. Hill James, A, Sept. IS, '61. Hale J. F., B, Washington, Oct. 27, '62, Hardy E. S., E, Andersonville, Feb. 6, '65. Hohenstein H., F, Washington, April 12, '65. Holland Wm., G, Washington, Dec. 14, '62. Hanson John A., G, Rockford, 111., Feb. 5 '63. Haffner John, H Belle Plaine, Jan. 18, '64. Hahn Geo., K, Petersburg, Feb. 18, '65. HahnN., K, Feb. 6, '65. Inmau I., A, Annapolis, Dec-. 27. '62. Ivers Niels, F, Washington, June 28, '64. Jones T. A., A, Wisconsin. Johnson D. W., A, Petersburg, Feb. 15, '65. Johnson W. L. , H, Andersonville, Oct. 21, '64, yes M. E., A, May 7, '62. Kumly Uurs, H, Washington, Nov. 11, '61. Lambert F., E, White Oak Oh., Va., Nov. 2, '68. Longmire John, I, Oct. 28, '61. Miller Henry, E, Fairfax, June 5, '65. Mainwold R., G, Washington, April 24, '65. McClure H. F., I, do Jan. 14, '64. Peters Theodore, E, March 26, '65. Purfield Henry L., G, Cairo 111., Dec. 11, '62. Philbrick P. H., H, March 5, '65. Phillips Richard H., I, Wisconsin, Oct. 20, '64. Russell S., C, Washington, Dec. 8, '61. Sears Wm., I, Falls Church, Va., Sept. 7, '62. Sweet R., I, Wisconsin, Sept. 23, '64. Tomlinson R., B, Andersonville, June 28, '64. ThormP. C, E, do Aug. 26, '64. Troutman Anton, H, do Sept. 12, '64. Thompson G. W., I, Washington. Nov. 15, '62. Voss John, A, JeffersouviUe, Ind.. Julyl, '65. VanDorstanF., E, May 14, '65. Vanderwarker S., C, Maryland, March 20, '65. Vetter J., F, Andersonville, July 9, '64. Williams Harry, A, MarGh 5, '62. West James, E, City Point, May 1, '65. Wilson Ole, G, Washington, D. C, Oct. 1, '62. Zeneir F., G, Alexandria, June 9, '65. ? Cassiday Geo., B, Alexandria, Dec. 8, '62. tJudas Martin! E, Petersburg, Feb. 26, '65: JLillie H. C, C, Fredericksburg, June 20, '62. * .Shot. + Suicide. % Drowned. Killed in Action 153 Died of Wounds 71 Died of Disease 84 Died of Accidents, etc a Total sal 1066 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. SEVENTH REGCMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. Geo. H. Brayton, capt., B, Gainesville, Aug.28,' J. Newman. do C, Wilderness, May 5, '64. A. Gordon, Jr., do K, Fred'ksb'g, April 29,'63. B. Newman, 1st It., G, Jericho Ford, May 25, '64. J. Holmes, do A, Wilderness, May 6, '64. W.-O. Topping, 2d It., C, Fred'ksburg, April 29,68. T. Thomas, do B, Petersburg, June 18, '64. W. W. Walrath, do I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. M. Sheehan, 1st sergt., A, Gainesville, Aug.28,'62. P. 0. Buckman, do D, do Aug.28,'62. W. Richords, do G, Grav'y Run, Mar.81,'65. L. P. Holmes, sergt., A, Cold Harbor, June 2, '64. J. H. Miller, do B, Petersburg, June 19, '64. T. Heln, do B, Wilderness, May 5, '64. G. Mitchell, do C, do ' May 5, '64. H. J. Crandall, do E, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. R. W. Hubbard, do E, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. J. 0. Mussey, do E, Wilderness, May 5, '64, wounded in left arm and chest. C. A. Osborne, sergt , E, Hatcher's Run, Feh.6,'65. C. G. Parker, do F, Petersburg, June 18, '65. I. Reamer, do F. Gravelly Run, M'h 81,'65. J. H. Campbell, do G, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. G. Lytle, do G, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. S. Monteith, do H, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. M. Chase, Corp., A, Gettysburg, Julyl, '63. I. H. Mead, do A, do July 1, '63. A. T. McCalvey, Corp., A, Petersburg, June 18,'64. R. Phillips. do A, Gainesville, Aug. 28,62. 0. E. Plummer, do B, South M't'n, Sept.14,'62. 0. A. Hulburt, do B, Wilderness, May 6, '64. W. Richardson, do B, do May 5, '64. P. A. Batteau, do B, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. L. S. Isham, do D, Wilderness, May 5, '64. G. Sargent, do 'E, Antietam, Sept. 17, 02. G. J. Dewey, do E, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. G. A. Orvis, do E, Wilderness, May 5, '64. E. S. McDonald, do F, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. W. N. Miles, do F, do Aug. 28, '62. J. D. Runnion, do F, Petersburg,. June 18, '64. T. Blunt, • do F, Gravelly Run, M'h81,'65. D. Creavey, do G, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. L. Carpenter, do G, Petersburg, June 18, '64. T. Kelleher, do H, Laurel Hill, May 9, '61. R. J. Cutts, do H, do May 8, '61. G. A. Smith, do H, Wilderness, May 5, '64. G. Page, do H, Petersburg, June 18, '64. B.' Updike, do I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. F. L. Dawes, do I, Petersburg, July 80, '64. F. E. Whitcomb, do I, Hatcher's Run, Feb.6,65. C. Terrill, do I, Gravelly Run, M'h 81,'65. M. L. Cochran, do K, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Armstrong J., C, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Andrews J., H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Allen N. S., K, Gravelly Run, March 81, '65. Bartholomew J. M., A, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Burke M., A, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Brown J., A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Brunson E., B, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Burns Z. S., G, Gettysburg, Julyl, '68. Burton B., H, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Bishop J., H, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Beard J. H., K, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Bloom Wm., K, Gravelly Run, March 31, '65. *Clelland Jas., A, Gainesville, Aug. 28 ,'62. Collins Wm., A, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. Carpenter Wm., C, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Casey D.E.,E, do May 5, '64. Cooley G. W., F, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Clark J. A., F, do Sept.14,'62. Craig W., F, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Calvert M. F, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Coffin R. W., G, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Casey J. E., I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Curry T., I, GainesvUle, Aug. 28, '62. Covey L., I, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Douglass A. F., A, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Dawes W. D., I, Laurel Hill, May 9, '64. Dunham Jas., K, Gunboat Arkansas. Emery W. H., D, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Evans Jas. , D, do Aug. 28, '62. Eubanks Jos., E, Jericho Ford, May 23, '64. Frost S., B, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Farnham L. C, D, do Aug. 28, '62. Francis Peter, F, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Fleming R., I, do May 5, '64. Graham B. F., B, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Guptill F. A., B, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Geneva F., F, Gravelly Run, March 31, '65. Garner F. J., K, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Hobart O. B., A, Laurel Hill, May 9, '64. Hart C, A, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Hull Wm., C, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Holmes W., C, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Hurst L. D., 0, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Huggabome L., E, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Hued Jos., I, do Aug. 28, '62. Hichcock S., H, Laurel Hill, May 10. '64. Johnson S., A, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Johnson W., G, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. *Kurst Wm., A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. *Kalb Jacob, A, do May 5, '64. Kippen C, B, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. . Kuntz L., F, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Kentner H., F, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Kaump H. A., F, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Kerney H., H, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Knapp J. H., K, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. LeBarr Alonzo, A, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Lewis Julian, B, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Lamek John, C, Gravelly Kun, March 81, '65. Little 0. S., D, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Liver Peter, G, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 80, '62. Lynn T. J., G, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Mills 0. E., A, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Moor John, A, Wilderness, May 5, '62. Myers, Wm. B, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Maxfield J. H., B, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Marsh C.H.,E, do May 5, '64. Marks J. L., F, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '62. Moe Arna 0., G, Gravelly Run, March 31, '65. Monroe Wm. G., H, Bull Run 2d, Aug. 80,'62. Murden Frederick, II, Laurel Hill, Aug. 12, '64. Mitchner J. F., H, Gettysburg, Julyl, '63. Moore Geo., I, Wilderness, May 5. '64. Miller C, K, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Norton C. B., K, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Norton, N. H., K, Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, '63. Ortley Godfried, D, Five Forks, April 1, '65. Oleson P. M., G, Gettysburg, July 1 '63. Provost Louis, B, Laurel Hill, May 10, '64. Parker Ezekiel, C, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Pease Silas W., E, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Pauley W. B., F, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Partridge G. N., G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Riopel Seraphrin, A, Gainesville, Aug, 28, '62. Rafferty Peter, A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Renberger J., D, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Roberts H, F, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. ' Razor Jos., G, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Ramsay Edw., I, do May 12, '64. Riley J. D., I, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Ramay Edw., K, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Sawyer J. D., A, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Steers D. E., A, Wilderness, May 6, '64. Sanderson J. W., A do May 5, '64. Stout Albert, C, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Sutton T. B., C, Bull Run, Aug. 30 '62. Smith 0. W., E, Laurel Hill, May 12 '64. Stevens L. W., F, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '63. THE NAMES OF THE DEAD. 1067 Shortell M., G, Jericho Ford, May 28, '64. Steers J. M., H, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Schmee L., II, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Shrolls Lewis, I, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. Simons George, K, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Thompson R. , D, do July 1, '68. Taylor George, D, GraveUy Run, March 31, '65. Thurston A. R., E, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Tapping John, G Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Tower J. P., K, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Wheeler Edwin, B, Antietam, Nov. 17, '62. Walker L. A., D, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Wheelock W. H. H., E, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Wilkinson Jos., F, Gravelly Run, March 81, '65. WardwellS. B., G, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Wright John, H, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Wanyack John, H, Hatcher's Run, Feb. 6, '65. Wyman Cyrus, 1, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Waterman W. W., I, do May 5, '64. White John, I, Laurel Hill, May 12, '64. , Wilson Wm. S., K, South Mountain, Sept. 14, '6! Williams Wm. D., I, Gainesville, Aug, 28, '62. *Zinger Jacob, A, Wilderness, May 5, '64. * Left on battle-field — supposed killed. DIED OF WOUNDS. S. H. Phillips, adj., Petersburg, June 26, '64. A. M. Hubbard, 1st It., E, Five Forks, April 2,'65. L. Bascum, 1st sergt., A, Middleton,Md.Dec.l,'62. M. 0. Monroe, sergt., B, Gettysburg, Oct. 7, '63. Geo. W. Sain, do C, do July 19, '63. G. H. Worden, do E, Locust Grove, Va., May 12, '64, wounded at Wilderness, arm amputated. M. W. Sharp, sergt. , E, Petersburg, July 10, '64. J. M. Crocker, do D, Washington, June 8, '64. W. Hinton, Corp., A, do Oct. 22, '62. H. M. Buck, do A, May 10, '64. E. R. Hancock, do B, Middletou, Sept. 20, '62.^ Geo. "Will, do C, New York, July 9, '64. B. P. Ordway, do- D, Frederick, Oct. 3, '62. . F. M. Bull, do D, Gettysburg, July 9, '65. J. Murphy, do D, Transport, April 11 , '65. J. J. Rose, do E, Washington, Sept. 11, '62. W. F. Worcester, do E, do Oct. 9, '62. G. F. Halbert, do F, Middleton. Sept. 29, '62. M. McAuliff, do G, Alexandria, June 15, '64. E. Carver, , do H, do June 16, '64. C. R. Garner, do K, Gen. Hosp., Sept. 11, '62. G. H. Sedgewick, do K, Washington, Sept. 19, '62. W. H. Barnum, do E, Gettysburg, July 16, '68. W. D. McKinney, do K, do July IS, '63. Adams Thos., H, Hospital, May 23, '64. Bryant D. H., C, Washington, July 4, '64. Buckman H. C, D, Hospital, May 24, '64. Briggs Jas., E'j near Antietam, Sept, 18, '62. , Baldwin O. L., E, Gettysburg, July 4, '63. Bradshaw M W., E, Fredericksburg, May 15, '64, wounded at Wilderness. Bennett Philip, F, Gettysburg, July 4, '68. Bennett Moses, G, Washington, June 15, '64. Baldwin O; M,, K, do July 7, '64. Charles J. N., A, do July 9, '64. Chine Patrick, A, Hospital, April 11, '65. Carrow Jos., A, Petersburg, July 8, '64, Cole Rufus, B, Middleton, Oct. 7, '62. Coon A. D., D, Washington, Oct. 12, '62. Crane Edward, D. do Sept. 3, '62. Cook W. H., D, Hospital, May 80„ '64. Cormick Geo., F, Washington, May 28, '64. Crandall Thos. B., I, Wilderness, May 5, '64. Darnell T. H. B., F, Gettysburg, July 5, '63. Divine Mitchell, G, City Point, April 22, '65. Daggett A. E., C, Hospital, Feb., 26, '65. Evans G. W., A, Petersburg, July — , '64. Eastman J. L., C, Washington, Oct. 1, '62. Eddy Geo. W., E, do Sept. 9, '62. Eastman Lucius, H, Gainesville, Aug. 28, '62. Faith John, A, Petersburg, July 81, '64. Figger Geo., E, Washington, June 1, '64, wounu>-i May 6th, in right side. Flagg E. H., E, Hospital, April 28, '65. Folks Jas., H, do June 21, '64. Ghering Aug., E, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Gray A. R., G, Fredericksburg, May 27, '64. Hawes G. H. H., B, Gettysburg, July 26, '68. Hatfield Silas, B, Hospital, June 18, '64. Howarth Wm., C, Washington, July 29, '64. Holcombe W. Ly E, Gettysburg, July 2, '68. Johnson J., H. Hospital, April 8, '65. Kinman Philenas, K, Gettysburg, July 26, '68. Lasky Wm. F., A, Alexandria, Oct. 8, '62. Lackey C. S., E, Washington, May 22, '64. Limkins J. A., F, Frederick, Oct. 8, '62. Leppla John, F. Lombard A. A. , K, Philadelphia, Aug. 14, '64. McCalvey T., A, do July 22, '63. McKinney W. G., C, Antietam-, Sept. 23, '62. McPhail Newton, F. Moore. Martin, H, Washington, Sept. 14, '62. Mathews, J. B., H, Fredericksburg, Oct. 18, '62. Moriarty Daniel, K, Hospital, Aug. 21, '64. Newcomb W. B., C, Frederick, March 5, '68. Noack David, K, Washington, July 6, '64. Oviatt E. H., K, Division Hospital, Sept. 20 '62. Pierce Hiram, A, Middleton, Md., Oct. 7, '62. Parrish George, D, Hospital, May 15, '64. Pattingill James, E, Antietam, Sept. 17, '62. Ross Wm., F, Fredericksburg, April 80, '68. Rubin F. L., K, Fairfax, Va. Stilson, Thos. H., A, Petersburg, July 31, '64. Simmers Jos., A, do July 31, '64. Starkweather M. M., D, Hospital, May 24, '64; Straight, John B., E, Gettysburg, July 29, '68V Smith Jas, M,, E, Washington, June 2,'64,wounded ' May 5th, right leg amputated. Sprague Henry S., F, Washington, July 7, '64. Shaw Frank, G, do May 25, '64. Singoy John, G, do June 17, '64. Scott Wm. G. M., H, Bull Run, Aug. 80 '62. Sebring Nathan, K, Washington, Sept. 18, '62. Treat Jas. M., D, Alexandria, Sept. 21, '62. Thomas John, D, Washington, May 16, '64. Van Walker Alien, Baltimore, Dec, 29, '68. Wilcox Daniel, Middleton, Oct. 28, '62. Wilkinson A. 'J., Washington, July 7, '64. Watson G. F., K, do July 28, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. W. D. Acres, sergt A. R. Webster, do J. B. Davis, do M. P. Bro'nson, do E. P. Sayre, Corp. J. A. Petts, H. Inman, J. Palmer, C. W. Fuller Elijah Mills, do do do dodo , B, Philadelphia, Aug. 6, '68. E, Andersonville, May 7, '64. K, on Steamer, May 21, '62. B, Belle Plaine, M'h 26, '68. A, Washington, Nov. 15, '61, B, do Sept. 10, '63. C, Arlington, Nov. 22, '61. C, Andersonville, May 12, '64. E do May 21, '64. E, do Oct. 1. '64. J. J. Schlosser, Corp., F* Andersonville, M'hl9,'64. J. J. Picket, do H, on Steamer, Jan. 26, '65. Horace Cufriri, do I, Annapolis, Aug. 15, '68. Wm. Hayes, do I, Berlin, Wis. , M'h 12, '64. Agan John, A*, Andersonville, Aug. 10, '64. Atwood Orlando W., F, Arlington, Nov. 24, '61. Allen Robert, H, Indianapolis, Dec. 16, '64. Bascom John, A, Madison, Wis., Nov. 19, '64. Beauregard F. H., A, Andersonville. Ball Henry, A, do June 16, '64. 1068 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Brown James, B, Kalorama, D. C, Dec, 16 '62. BradBhaw William, E, Arlington, March 22, '62. Bowen Jos. E., B, Fredericksburg, June 22, '62. Bristol Henry 0., E, Belle Plaine, March 16, '68. Blakeley Robert, F, Andersonville, Nov. 15, '64. Bean Solomon, G, Arlington, Dec. 7, '61. Barker Chauncey, G, Hospital, Oct. 6, '64. Buck John M., G, do April 8, '65. Carter W. P., A, Washington, Oct. 14, '62. Carter Bissell, A, Washington, Oct. 28, '68. Cromwell Orrin B., B, Falmouth, May 14, '62. Carney P. , B, Ball's Cross Roads, Va. , May 26, '65, Caseney Peter, B, Washington, May 26, '65. Casson Alfred, B, Madison, Wis., Sept. 15, '61. Calvert William, C, Rebel Prison, Oct. 16, '64. Compton William H. , D, Washington, Nov. 18,'61. Cnmmings James, D, Arlington, Jan. 29, '62. Case David, E, Cincinnati, April 19, '68. Casey J. F., E, Alexandria, June 15, '63. Church Alfred, H, Andersonville, July 12, '64. Cole Otis N., A, Rebel Prison. Crawford James M., K, Washington, Nov. 7, '62. Dustin Daniel, B, Falmouth, May 15, '62. Danner John, C, Fredericksburg, July 17, '62. Dillon George, H, Washington, Jan 23, '63. Deagan James, I, Richmond Prison, Mar. 24, '64. Eason Edward, C, Hospital, Feb. 26, '65. Emmes Henry, D, Washington, Sept. 21, '62. Edwards John A., D, do Nov. 28, '62. Ellis J. H., F, Frederick, April 7, '62. Engle George, F, Madison, Wisconsin, M'h 22, '64. Evans James H., F, Hospital, March 2, '65. Eddy Nahum, K, Washington, Sept. 16, '62. Frazer Phillip, A, Annapolis, Oct. 1, '63. Fowler Francis A., A, Andersonville, Sept. — , '64. Frost A., B, do Feb. 8, '65. Fordney John W., C, do May 12, '64. Fonda Martin, E, Baltimore, March 26, '64. Gillighan James, F, Arlington, March 10, '62. Gillote Jerome, H, Andersonville, July 16, '64. Hall Alexander, A, Philadelphia, Sept. 6, '62. Hicks Edwin M., A, Hospital, April 7, '65. Hillicker, John T., B, Washington, Nov. 19, '61. Haney John F., C, do Nov. 6 '62. Hamilton Hiram, C, Nov. 17, '62. Hunt John, D, Richmond, Oct. 12, '63. Hitchcock Eli, H, Potomac Creek, May 16. '62. Hursh C. W., 1, Richmond Prison, March 24, '64. Hopwood George, E, Danville, June 25. 65. Jones Obadiah, G, Arlington, Jan. 24, '62. Lack Peter, A, Andersonville, July 7, '64. Link David H., C, Oct. 28, '62. Lord David, K, Arlington, Feb. 23, '62. Livingston Isaac S., K, Washington, May 7, '63. Livingston John A., K, Libby Prison, Sept. 12, '64. Miller Azel, B, Georgetown, June 25, '62. Marshall Alauson, E, Arlington, Jan. 20, '62. Montgomery Charles, E, Culpepper, AprU 17, '64, Miller William, H, City Point. McFarland L. J., K, Washington, Dec. 19, '62. Newell Homer, B, Wisconsin, Aug. 18, '64. Osborne S. J;, A, Washington, March 81 '63. Parker Henry, G, Madison, Wis., Oct. 81, '61. Priest James E., G. Arlington, Dec. 28, '61. Pryor Joseph, H, Fredericksburg, July 6, '62. Powers John, I, Oct. 15, '61 . Rice Jacob, C, Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 27, '64. Russell Alonzo, C, Washington, D. C, Feb. 25,'6S. Ray Madison, C, Middleton, Md., Oct. — '62. Richmond S. B., D, Arlington, Va., Jan. 5, '62. Root George W., E, do Feb. 23, '62. Rogers Franklin, G, Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 4, '62. Stone Albert, A, Arlington, Va., Dec. 14, '62. Sperry Enoch S., C, New York City, Nov, 8, '62. Sanders J., C, Andersonville, Ga., Sept. 26, '64. Sherman Wm. H.,D, Hospital, Va., Oct. 24, '62. Smith Charles A, E, Arlington, Va., Feb. 11, '62. Spooner E. J., E, do March4,'62. *Staley Albert, F, Belle Plaine, Va. , March 12, '63. Sparks Stephen, G, Rebel Prison. Seely Filmore, I, Culpepper, Va., April 21, '64. Shoemaker G. W., K, Washington, Va., Oct. 21,'62. Tomlinson Chas. R., E, Arlington, Va., Mar. 8, '62. Turnbee John, H, Washington, D. 0., Cct. 28, '68. Toplin Oscar M,, I, Alexandria, Va., April 5, '62. Thorngate David, I, do July 19, '62. Thompson Louis, K, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 14, '64. Tichauser Andrew, K, Div'n Hospital, May 27, '65. Tibbitts Robert, K, Libby Prison, Va., Feb. 17, '64. Verinder Robert J., G, Rebel Prison. Van Orman Theo., K, Richmond, Va., Aug. 19, '68. Wenel Charles, B, Andersonville, Ga., July 16, '64. Wheeler A. A., D, Washington, D. C, Nov. 10, '64. Wheeler James,E, do June 1, '62. Wheeler Arch., E, Alexandria, Va., April 29 '68. Wall Jos. J. D., E. Annapolis, Md., Dec. 18, '64. Whitney W. W., F, Frederick, Md., April 7, '68. Weymouth Orin, F, Hospital, July 25, '64. Weber Mathias, F, July 28, '64. Weatherby David, G, Alexandria, Va., April — '62. Whitrock Adolphus, G, Rebel Prison. West Sunter, H, Washington, D. C, April SO, '61. WUUams J. W., I, Richmond Prison, Feb. 11, '64. * Killed by Accident. Killed in Action 172 Died of Wounds: 95 Died of Disease 124 Total . EIGHTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. Wm. H. Sargent, 1st It., G, Nashville, Deo. 16, '64. Wm. D. Chapman, 2d It., F, Vicksburg, May22,'68. John Pinick, sgt., E, Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, '62. T. J. Gilbert, do E, Spanish Ft., Al., Mar. 27, '65. J. W. Miller, corp., B, Lake Chicot, Ar., June 6,'64. John W. Shell, do F, Corinth, Miss., Oct. 3, '62. J.A.White, do G, Farmington, do, May 9, '62. Thas. T. Kelly, do G, Spanish Fort, Mar. 29, '65. Michael Mansur, do H, Nashville, Dec. 16, '64. Andree Wm., I, do Dec. 16, '64. Bumpus Orson, A, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. Barker W. I, A, Hurricane Cr., Miss., Augl3,'64. Blackledge Clarkson, E, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Curtis C. R, C, do Oct. 3, '62. Chamberlain Henry C, D, Nashville, Dec. 15, '64. Coon Ralph M., K, Corinth, May 28, '62. EsterlingJohn, B, Lake Chicot, June 6, '64. Erickson Paul, I, Corinth, May 28, '62. Hull David, B, Nashville, Dec. 16, '64. Henry Joseph, F, do Dec. 15, '64. Holbrook Lera, I, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Ilingworth W. P., H, do Oct. 3, '62. Janson Niel, K, Nashville, Dec. 16, '64. Larson Ole, I, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Muth C, C do Oct. 3, '62. Marston C. A., F, Bayondillet Ark, June 6, '64. Oleson Ever, I, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Petery John, F, do Oct. 3, '62. Stagg Wm., B, do Oct. 3, '62. Stewksbury U. A., C, Waterford, Miss., Aug. 7,'64. Severson Ole, H, Tupelo, Miss., July 13, '64. Thorstenson Thomas, A, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Trainer Barney, I, do Oct. 8, '62. Thorp John W., I, do Oct. 8, '62. Wilson J., D, do Oct. 8, '62. THE NAMES OF THE DEAD. 1069 DIED OF WOUNDS. S. Este, cant., H, Belleville, Wis., Sept. 26, '68. James T. McClure, 1st It., F, May 18, '64, James M. Hogue, Corp., B, Corinth, Oct. 5, '62. HanscoraN., C, do Oct. 4, '62. Haskell Seth, D, Vicksburg, May 28, '68. Johnson Zebulon, I, June 6, '62. Miles J. J., C, Corinth, Oct. 4, '62. Mailer James, I, Louisville, Jan. 2, '65. Mason Edward, R, Nashville, Dec. 24, '64. Payne Chauncey F., E, Louisville, Dec. 29, '64. Robinson Avery, D, Memphis, July 1, '64. .Richards George W., D, Spanish Fort, Mar. 80, '65. Silver .Monroe, E, Corinth, Oct. 25, '62. Story William, E, Keokuk, la., Nov. 12, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. Jason S. Jones, 2d It., A, Wisconsin, Jan. 15, '65 Carlos D. Stephens, do B, Pilot Knob, Nov. 6, '61, A. Thompson, com. sgt., Grand Gulf, May 19, '63, Geo. T. Woodward, sgt, D, Memphis, Jan. 81, '64. S. McCollock, sgt., F, Young's Pt., La., July9,'68. Edward ElUs, do F, Chicago, April 16, '64. W. K. Forshey, do F, Andersonville, Aug. S, '64. M. WilUamson, do G, Iuka, Aug. — '62. H. H. Whittier, do G, Vicksburg, July 15, '63. D. R. Ellsworth, do H, Ironton, Mo., Nov. 28, '61. George L, Garmon, do I, Cairo, Feb. 18. '62. Andrew Gladson, do I, Memphis, Nov. 22, '64. W. F. Durkee, corp , B, Germantown, Feb, 20, '68. A. Underhill, do B, Bear Cr., Miss., Aug. 5, '63, John L. Smith, do F, Black Riv., Miss., July 24,'63. Alexander Paul, do G, Germantown, Mar. 10, '63. 0. 0. Corbin, do H, Cairo, Jan. IS, '62. Benj. P. Beardsley, do I, Iuka, Sept. 1, '62. Robert Rogers, do I, Selma, July 6, '65. J. B. Humphrey, do K, Hosp. Steamei', May 22,'64, Allen Augustus E., A, Cairo, Jan. 29, '62. Arnold Juines W., B, Vicksburg, July 22, '63. Atw&ter James, C, May 28, '62. Adams Ernst, D, May 80 '63. Adams A., D, Jeffersonville, Ind., Jan. 20, '65. Allen John, I, Farmington, Miss., June 80, '62. Allen Alvin K, I, Young's Pt., La., June 17, '68. Ashbury Samuel, I, Bear Creek, Sept. 16, '08. Beers Alonzo J., A, Cairo, Feb. 2S, '62. Bennett Joseph, A, Farmington, Miss. , July 2, '62, Burbank A. J., A, La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 28, '63. Brown Henry E., A, Memphis, Aug. IS, '64. BaugleC. A., A, Fort Gaines, Ala., May 1, '65. Butler John, B, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 3, '61. Benjamin Herbert, B, Vicksburg, July 15, '63, Butler 0. M., B, Steamer Lady Grey, April 6, '65. Beman Alphonzo, O, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 4. '61. Brown George A., C, March 22, '62. Burt Calvin VV., D, Cairo, April 6, '68. Badgers Wm. W., D, Vicksburg, Nov. 9, '63. Balrichard Charles, F, July 8, '62. Bryan Charles K., G, Cairo, Jan, 29, '62. Bennett J. L., H, do March 5, '62. Barnes W. E., H, Milliken's Bend, July 9, '63. Bassett Martin, I, Iuka, Sept. 18, '62. Bassett Robbins, I, July 25, '68. Barrows Jacob J, Keokuk, Aug. 14, '62. Burke Myron, K, Vicksburg, June 1, '64. Collier Charles, A, Madison, July 16, '64. Copperlie A., A, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., Nov. 20, '64. Clemmons Hiram It., A, Memphis, Aug. 81, '64. Crandall A. B., B, St. Louis, May 23, '68. Canfield Daniel. C, June 9, '63. Oryderman James, D, Cairo, Feb. 19, '62. Clark John, F, Madison, Nov, 25, '61. Cummings S. M., F, Jackson, Tenn., Oct. 2, '62. Conroy Wm., G, Memphis, Jan. 5, '64. Chamberlain J. C, H, Farmington, July 8, '62. Corse Charles, H, Vicksburg Nov. 14, '68. Conboy Isaac, I, Young's Point, La., June 20, '68. Cinnamon W. H., I, Bear Creek, Sept. 2. '68. Collins Henry, K, Young's Point, July 13, '68. Cadwell W. S., K, Prairie du Chien, Dec. 18, '64. Droln A. S., A, Wisconsin, Oct. 22, '62. Davis Alfred, A, Memphis, Sept. —'64. Dobbins Solomon, B, Dec. 25, '61 Dobbins Wm. H., B, Memphis, Sept. 8, '64, Delapp Wm., C, Bear Creek, Miss., Aug. 80, '68. Day Ellis, E. Farmmgton, Miss., July 6, '62. Dawson Stephen, F, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Jan. 7, "62. Drum G. M.. F, Pt. Pleasant, Mo., Ap. 10, '62. Dave John, G, Black River, Miss., Oct. 7, '68. Devine Albert, H, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Dec. 80, '61. Devine Clark, H, St. Louis, May 17, '62. Dean James T., H, Memphis, Aug. 28, '68. Downer Anthony, I, do Sept. 11, '63. Dyers Benjamin, I New Orleans, April 14, '65. Elmore Sylvanus, B, Bear Creek, Aug. 8, '68. Edgar James C, I, New Orleans, Sept, 12, '64. Evans A. E., K, Corinth Sept. 17, '62. Frisby G. C, A, Memphis, July 81, '64. Farley David, C, Young's Point, La., July 11, '68. Fletcher Elislia, D, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 19, '61. Fallendar Wm., F, Vicksburg, July 22, '68. Fox Samuel, F, Memphis, June 11, '64. Fisher Fred., G, Bear Creek, Miss., Aug. 7, '68. Flinn James, H, Memphis, Aug. 5, '64. Forsley Wra. R., K, Andersonville, Aug. 8 '64. Green James B., D. March 19, '62. Gifford Myron S.,E, Vicksburg, Dec. 11, '68. Groves Wm. C, F, New Madrid, April 13, '62. Groves Benj.F., F, Farmington, June 12, '62. Griffin AdnaH., F, do June 12 '62. Groves Eli M., F, Bear Creek, Aug. 11, '68. Green Charles H., F, Seneca, Wis., April 10, '65. Gould P. H., H, Corinth, Oct. 20, !62. Hartwigson Thor, A, Farmington, July 6, '62. Horsefield Wm. H., A, New Orleans, April 24, '65. Hodges T., B, La Grange, Tenn, Nov. 16, '68. Hooper James W., C. Memphis, Nov. 19, '68. Haushaw Joshua, D, St. Louis, May 4, '62. Hill Augustus, D, May 31, '62. Halsey Silas, D, Farmington, July 10, '62. Hastings Seth, E, Cairo^ March 9, '62. Hamilton James, F, New Madrid, AprU 19, '62. Henderson Alexander, F, St. Louis, July 15, '63. Holloway Audrew, G, Cairo, Jan. 24, '62. Irwin C. S., F, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Jan. 18, '62. Hliiigsworth, John P., H, Corinth, Oct. 5, '62. Johnson George A., B, Louisville, Sept. 2, '65. Jones Charles, D, Nashville, Jan. 4, '65. Joseph John P. , F, Farmington, July 9, '62. Johnson Amego, G, do May 24, '62. Judd C. A., H, La Grange, Teuu., Jan. 22, '63. Jansen Christian, I, Keokuk, Jan1. 1 , '65. Janes George S., K, Racine, Aug. 28, 64. Kindall James, I, July 80, '63. Letmolien, Lavel, A, Farmington, May 26, '62. Learned Asgood, D, May 2S, '62. Lang Fred. F, Batavia, Wis., Oct. 1, '63. Loomis 0. B„ H, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Jan. 24, '62. Long Jacob, H, Memphis, Aug. 22, '64. Lovejoy Wm., H. NashviUe, Dec. 18, '64. Lowe John H., K, April 26, '62- Lossee Geo., K, Jeffersonville, Ind., Dec. SO, '64. Minton Henry, A, Selma, Aug. 18, '65. Monk Silas, B, Mound City, May 14, '62. McGinnis James, Jackson, Tenn. , Sept. 19, '62. Maxwell John, D, Memphis, Sept. 9, '68. Munn Charles, F,« Hamburg, Tenn., May 27, '62. McQueen Z., F, St. Louis. Maloy A., F., Batavia, Wis., Aug. II, '63. Milem Robert, H, Hosp. Boat, Feb. 5, '65. McNiel Hiram A., I, Vicksburg, July 16, '68. Manning 0. B., K, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Dec. 28, '61. Massey John, K, Oct. 2 '61. Mott Josiah, K, May 12, '62. Maire Albert E, K, May IT, '62. 1070 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Murphy Daniel, K, Memphis, April IS, '68. Nyhart Wm. H., E, Farmington, June 18, '62. Nyland Martin, F, Hosp. Boat, April 19, '62. Nash Abraham I, I, March 30, '62. Nash Jonathan W., I, Farmington, June 9, '62. Odell Thomas M., B, Mar. 15, '62. Osborn W. H., D, New Orleans, Mar. 6, '65. Ostrander Edward, F, Hosp. Boat, May 10, '62. Oleson Nels, II, Keokuk, Aug. 4, '62. Oliver W. J., H, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., Oct. 10, '62. Oleson John, I, Farmington, June 80, '62. Overen Simon, St. Louis, June 80, '62. Oleson Christian, Cairo, June 19, '64. Pope Henry, A, Farmington, July 19, '62. Phillips Bradford, A, Corinth, Oct. 19, '62. Parker F. N. , C, Young's Point, La, , July 5, '68. Plank G. L., D. Uniontown, Ala., Aug. 22, '65. Powell J. M., H, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., Aug. 12, '68. Palmer Edwin, H, Wisconsin, Dec. 6, '64. Perry Geo., 11, Eastport, Miss., Jan. 28, '65. Paddock Herbert, K, April 22 '62. Peterson L., K, Jeffersonville, Ind., Dec. 28, '64. QuiggleN. N., I, Farmington, Wis., Feb. 16, '64. Reed Geo. L., A, Memphis, Feb. 15, -'65. Root Augustus, B, Miss.. July 29, '68. Roberts Edwin, C, Mar. 9, '62. Retger A., C, Young's Point, La., June 29, '63. Russell, Chas., C, St. Louis, Dec. 10, '63. Robinson H., D, Bear Creek, Miss., Aug. 9, '68. Runge Fritz, G, Memphis, July 16, '64. Rouse Edwin C, K, Racine, Oct. 5, '68. Spalding J., A, Farmington, Miss., June 11, '62. Spears Jacob, A, Memphis, Oct, 7, '64. Shaw Joseph, B, March 12, '62. Sargent C. A., C, Germantown, Tenn., Mar. 4, '68. Swinson H., C, Bear Creek, Miss., Sept. 3, '63. Sayles Mordecai, E, St. Louis, Aug. 24, '62. Spears Jos. F. , E, Duval's Blnff, Ark, Sept. 12, '64. Shumway F., F, Farmington, Miss., June 27, '62. Shaw A. P., F, Ellistown, Miss., July 17, '64. Smith J. B., G, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Jan. 16, '62. Sanders Nelson N, I, April 12, '62. Thomas John, F, Ironton, Mo., Nov. 17, '61. Thompson S., G, Mound City, Aug. 8, '68. Thornton J. W., H, Germantown, March 16, '68. Thornton Wm. M., H, Jeffersonville, Mar. — , '65 Teed, D. I, Baton Rouge, April 25, '65. Thompson Jas., K, New Orleans, April 15, '65. Upson Hezekiah, Memphis, Feb. 25, '65. Vernon E. J., I, Bolivar, Tenn., Jan. 11, '68. Vanness Edwin, K, May 22, '62. Wood Austin, A, Sulphur Spa, Mo., Jan. 8, '62 Worth Max, C, Bear Creek, Miss., Aug. 7, '68. Wines Chas., D, April 14, '62. Whirry Geo. W., D, St. Louis, May 1, '62. Watson P., E, Tiptonville, Tenn., April 5, '62. Wolford Wm., F, Ironton, Mo., Nov. 25, '61. Wilder T. A., F, Memphis, Jan. 6, '64. Wilson Martin T., G, March 4, '62. Waldo J., H, Corinth, Oct. 6, '62. Wyman G., K, Germantown, Tenn., Feb. 18, '63. White Andrew, K, St. Louis, Nov. 27, '64. Zufelt Franklin, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 9, '61. *Bacon Freedus C, A, New Madrid, Mar. 11, '63. tCarney John, G, Pilot Knob, Mo., Oct. — , 61. *IUingworth H. F., H, Fredericktown, Oct. 23, '61. ^Northrop Manly, I, Vicksburg, June 4, '64. Shaw Frank, H, Columbia, Tenn., Dec. 26, '63. * Shot. t Machinery. % Drowned. Killed in action 85 Died of wounds ¦ 14 Died of disease 201 Died of Accident 5 Total 255 NINTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. 30, '62. J. Dobezensky, sgt., D, Newtonia,. Mo., Sep. 80, Carl Lobenstein, do G, do Sep. 80, C. Kaiser, Corp., A, Jenkins' Ferry, April SO, Wm. Berger, do B, Spoonville, Ark., April 2, Caspar Buol, do D, Sarcoxie, Mo., Sept. 80, Arthur Cruse, do D, Newtonia, Mo., Sept. < Max Crasher, do D, do Sept. 80. Jos. Miller, do E, do Sept. 30, John Becker, do 11, Jenkins' Ferry, April 30, D. Asling, do G, Newtonia, Mo., Sept. 3U, A. Zuhldorf, do G, Spoonville, Ark., April 2, John Stumpf, do G, do April 2, G. Henblien, do G, do April 2, Anderson B., D, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64. Burkhard Anton, B, do April 80, '64. Baumgarth Gustav, D, Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. Baumgarth C, D, do Sept; 30 '62. Bieneck E. D, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64, Breitung Henry, E, do April 80, '64. Birkel Nicholas, H, Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. Drais Joseph, E, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64. Enders Stephen, G, Spoonville, April 2, '64. Friese Carl F., E, Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. FeldtrappeR., H, do Sept. 80, '62. Fisher George, I, Camden Road, April 15, '64. Geiger Simon, G. Sarcoxie, Mo., Sept. 80, '62. Horn Charles, H, Sarcoxie, Mo., Sept. 80, '62. Heineritz D. H, Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. HaakV.,H, do Sept. 80, '62. Jaeger H. do Sept. 80, '62. Kitzman G, E, Sarcoxie, Sept. 80, '62. Lohr John, D, Jenkins' Ferry, April 30, '64. Lambrecht C, D. Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. Lothwesen H., H, Sarcoxie, Sept. 30, '62. Martin Geo., E, Jenkins' Ferry, April 30, '64. Manteufel A., G, Sarcoxie, Sept. 80, '62. Maas C, G, do Sept. 80, '62. Neuhoff Wm., F, Pine Bluff, April 28, 64. Ristowsky F., B, Spoonville, April 2, '64. , Roediger H., D, Newtonia, Sept. 30, '62. Reuser Jacob, F, Camden Road, Ark., Ap. 17, '64. Sauter A., D, Jenkins' Ferry, Ap. 80, '64. SchlenkeF., D, do Ap. 30, '64. Schulz August, H, do Ap. 80, '64. SeifertWm., I, do Ap. 80, '64. VetterH., G, Spoonville, Ap.,2, '64. Vetter C, G, do Ap. 2, '64. Wakerhausen W., B, do Ap. 2, '64. Wagner H., G, Newtonia, Sept. 80, '62. Wagner M., G. Spoonville, Ap. 2, '64. Zyleusky M., H, Sarcoxie, Sept. 80, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. M. Preissner, Corp., D, Princeton, Ark. H. Gruener, do E, do May 18, '64. C. Engelbracht, do I, do Bidenstein F., D, Jenkins' Ferry, March 14, '64. Blandikon C, G, Elkins' Ferry, Ark., Ap. 4, '64. Becker M., G, Princeton, June 7, '64. Baden Wm., I, Little Rock, May 92, '64. Burgard Wm. , I, Princeton, Ark. THE NAMES OF THE DEAD. 1071 Duerkopp Henry, H, Princeton, Ark. DammanD.,K, do May 27, '64. FenstermacherH., G, do May 28, '64. Fingerle J. A., H, do Haroth Ernst, H, do Kljhe Joseph, A, Camden, Ap. 17, '64. Krumdick John, B, Prinoeton, May 81, '64. Kuntz Jacob, D, Ft. Scott, Kansas, Oct. 25, Kohn Julius, D, Springfield, Mo., March 10, '62. Kuehne 0., D, Spoonville, June 1, '64. Kuhn Jacob, H, Princeton, Ark. Legler Geo., K, do June 8, '64. Pudelwitz P., E, Ft. Scott, Kansas, Nov. 7, '62. Schilling J., A, Jenkins' Ferry, An. 30, '64. SchmidH., G, do May 1, '64. Weber Anton, I, Princeton, Ark. DIED OF DISEASE. E. Bollar, sgt., B, Little Rock, Ap. 8, '65. J. F. Miller, do B, do Oct. 28, '65. ' August Host, do E, Springfield, Mo., Ap. 21, ' John Stroh, Corp., E, Carrollton, Ark., Ap. 5, ' J. Richard, E, St. Louis, Sept. 27, '68. H. Huber, F, Ft. Scott, Kansas, Aug. 14, '62. Accola George, D, Little Rock, Oct. 24, '64. Aul Wallis, H, Milwaukee, Jan. 80, '62. Adelfang Peter, I, Little Rock. BlumWm.,A, do Sept. 4. '65. Bendler C, B, do Nov. 23, '64. Binhammer F., C, St. Louis, Sept. 11, '63. Bedurke D., C, Little Rock, Jan. 21, '64. Buellersbach, J. , C, Princeton, Sept. 5, '64. Buol John, D, Little Rock, Aug. 3 '64. Bettler Peter, D, Camden, June 21, '64. Becker F., E, Fort Scott, Sept. 1, '62. Boeserald S. , G, Little Rock, Jan. 8, '64. Bogena H, I, Leavenworth, Jan. 22, '68. Birnscheln Traugott, K, Little Rock, Sept. 10, '64. Commenstrohl C, G, Clarendon, Oct. 18, '68. Cheney Ferrol, F, Little Rock, Sept. 22, '64. Doll Jacob, A, Camden, July 2, '65. Danuser Joseph, B, Little Rock, March 18, '65. Doebold Franz, C, Fort Scott. Dischler E., D, LittleJEtock, Feb. 20 '65. Dobratz C, E, St. Louis, Feb. 14, '68. Escher C, B, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 18, '63. Egger M., B, St. Louis, Nov, 11, '64. ¦ Fleishman John, C, Little Rock, June 26, '64. Frederick P., O, do July 18, '64. Fiedler V., H, St. Louis, Aug. .5, '63. ' FiegeB., K, Fayetteville, Ark. Dec. 27, '62. Guggisberg C, C, do Tan. 11, '68. GrothW. P., C, Madison, Wis., Nov. 18, '64. Grossmeyer J., D, do Aug. 9, '64. Glaeser P., E, Sager's Spring, Ark., Nov. 14, '64. Gaulke Carl, G, Leavenworth, March 2, '62. Gloor Jacob, K, Little Rock, Sept. 21, '64. Henkel H., A, Fort Scott, Sept. 21, '62. Howard John, B, Leavenworth, Feb. 15^ '62. Henschmidt Anton, Little Rock, Nov. 80, '64. Hausner Henry, do Sept. 19, '64. Hick J., C, Camp Ford, Texas, Dec. 15, '64. Haidle C, D, Little Rock, Sept. 18, '65. Herman John, E, Babcock, Nov. 24 62. Hublein G., E, Little Rock, July 19, '64. Heym Adam, G, Fort Scott, Oct. 16, '62. Ibsch Carl, B, Little Rock, Oct. 2, '65. Jesse Franz, D, Fayetteville, Jan. 18, '68. JaedickC, Little Rock, July8,'61. Kuhn George, C, Fort Scott. Kasdorff August, C, Little Rock, Sept. 22, '64. Kingsley Lovein, D, do July 27, '64. Kundert Rodolph, G, Camden, July 8, '64. KirchnerWm., H, Leavenworth, May 7, '62. Krause F., H, Little Rock, Nov. 17, '63. Luethge Robert, A, Fort Scott, Sept. 15, '62. Lautenbach G., D, Little Rock, Sept. 12, '64. Linnert Simon, K, do Sept. 16, '64. Mueller John, B, do Sept. 28 '65. Miller Gotfried, C, do Sept. 22, '64 Marquard J., E., Springfield, Mo., April 6, '68. Medge August, E, Little Rock, Feb. 17, '64. Meier Conrad, Fort Scott, Feb. 7, '63. Moy Frederick, F, Little Rock, Oct. 4, '64. Moeller Carl, Fort Scott, Aug. 17, '62. Oswald Peter, I, Paw Paw, Kansas, Aug. 8, '62. Petri Jacob, A, Little Rock, March 30, '64. PingoM.,D, do Aug. 18, '64. RiesenWm., A, ,do Oct. 18, '65. ReitemannM., C, do June 14, '64. Remel Caspar, C, do Sept. 18, '64. Raedel Julius, D, Leavenworth, Jury 18, '62. Rufe John, D, Little Rock, Feb. 6, '65. Ruhstrat Adolph, do Jan. 80, '64. SpannC.A, do Jan. 26, '64, Steimes Jones, B, Camden, Sept. 6, '64. Sigglekow Wm. , B, Little Rock, Oct. 18, '65. Schneider Peter W. , C, do July 11, 64. Sauer M., E St. Louis, March 18, '68. Seiger Matthias, E, Helena, Ark., Feb. 16, '64. Salzwedel L.', F, Baxter Springs, N.C., Junel7,'62. Scheck G., F, Little Rock, Oct. 8, '64. SchulzF., H, do July 19, '64. Schmidt J., I, Sarcoxie, Mo., Oct. 8, '62. Stuff H„ K, Fort'Scott, Kansas, Sept. 2, '62. Tschabold D., C, Princeton, Ark., Oct. 10, '64. Tekentrup H., G, Fort Scott, March 30. '62. Vollmer 0., C, Little Rock, July 11, '64, Wolkaupt J., B, Little Rock, Sept. 21, '64. Wellems J., O, do Oct. 26, 64. Winterhalter Leo, G, do Aug. 9, '64. Wetgen H., F, Fort Scott, Aug. 20, '62. Zeiger Lorenz, C, Little Rock, Sept. 17, '64. Zech Jacob, G, do Oct. 5, '64. ?Theo. Liewers, sgt., C, Milwaukee, Aug. 17, '63. ?Tobias M., I, Grand River, Ark., July 10, '62. Rossman F., A, Pulaski County, Ark., Feb. 1, '64. ?Schmidt Ernst, O, Mississippi River, Feb. 12, '64. * Drowned. Killed in Action 51 Died of Wounds 24 Died of Disease 96 Died of Accidents, etc 4 Total 175 TENTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. H. O. Johnsen, major, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '6 Wm. Moore, capt., G, Larkinsville, July 4, '6! R. Rennie, 1st It., F, Chickamauga, Sept. 19 H. G. Wright, sgt., C, do Sept. 19 '61 C. Forsyth, do D, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '( 68 R. H. Northy, sgt., F, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 'i W. P. Mitchell do H, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '6: Wm. J. Bell, Corp., A, F. E. Manning, do A, P. B. Elliott, do C, do do do Oct. 8, ' Oct. 8, ' Oct. 8, '< 1072 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. J. H. Jewett, sgt., C, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63. J. Dixon, do D, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. A. Trimble, do E, do Oct. 8, '62. John Frater, do E Chickamauga, Sept. 19,'68. W. H. Easton, jr., do E, do Sept. 19,'63. S. Deming, Corp., E, do Sept. 19,'63. P. L. Glover, do F, Chaplin Hillls, Oct, 8, '62. A. M. Dodge, do F, do Oct. 8, '62. Wm. M. Fish, do G, do Oct. 8, '62. J. G. Schermerhorn, do G, July 5, '64. C. A. Watson, do K, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. A. Gibbs, do K, do Oct: 8, '62. Adams Daniel, A, do Oct. 8, '62. Anderson L., G, Kenesaw, Ga. , July 8, '64. Conklin J. H., A, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Clark I., D, Stone River, Term., Dec. 31, '62. Conlon M., D, do Dec. 31, '62. Coyer J., E, Chaplin Hills, Ky., Oct. 8, '62. Douglas P. A., C, Resaca, Ga., May 16, '64. Daniels Elon M., E, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Durlan T. P., 1, Mud Creek, Ala., Aug, 22, '62. Eayers W. A., F, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. , FarnhamA.,D, do Oct, 8, '62. Goodwin H. M., C, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63, Gleason M. L., F., Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Hem Peter, A, , do Oct. 8, '62. Haswell John C, B, AUatoona, Ga., June 2, '64. Hunt E., D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Hilgers T., F, LarkinsviUe, Ala., Aug. 80, '62. Hinman H. M., H, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Haywood Joel, H, do Oct. 8, '62. Hancock G. W. Mud Creek, Ala., Aug. 22, '62. Jarratt Robert, F, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Jewel T. M., F, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '68. Long J. H., A, Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, '62. LocherT. S., C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Luther H. C, D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Lumpldns David C, F, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62, Matteson W., A, Chickamauga, S^pt. 19, '68. McKillip John, C, Chaplin Sills, Oct. 8 '62. Morey H. , D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Nims L. B., B, Chaplin Hills, Ky.,*Oct.,8, '62. Nelson L., G, do Oct. 8 ,'62. Owen M. C, F, do Oct. 8, '62. Oleson Ole, G, do Oct. 8, '62. O'LarryD., H, do Oct. 8, '62. Parmenter A. H., D, do Oct. 8, '62. Phillips J. C, E, do Oct. 8, '62, Robinson A., 0, do Oct. 8, '62. Rosebaugh J., D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Rouse G. W., D, do Sept. 20, '78. Reed Henry, I, Mud Creek, Ala., Aug. 22, '62. Snell Chas., A Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Shoemaker F. M., F do Oct. 8, '62. Tiffany John, G, do Oct. 8, '62. Whitcher W. H., C, do Oct. 8, 62. DIED OF WOUNDS. John H. Ely, lt. col., Richmond, Va., Oct. 4, '63. S. E. Minnick, Corp., B, Perryville, Oct. 15, '62. J. Ferris, do C, do Nov. 4, '62. E. O'Flaherty, do G.Murfreesboro, Ap. 1, '63. Anger A. J., G, Perryville, Ky., Nov. 8, '62. Atkins E., K, Chattanooga, Sept. 30, '63. Bennett Ira, B; Perryville, Ky., Oct. 25, '62. Bull A. A., D, do Oct. 20, '62. Bodwell W., E, Chattanooga, Oct. 20 '68. Cowls R. R. , B, Murfreesboro, Jan. 14, '68. . Cotton N., Jr., B, Huntsville, Ala., June 28, '62. Campbell W. R., G, Perryville, Ky., Oct. 16, '62. Court John H., G, Oct. 16, '62. Debar L., B, Perryville, Ky., Nov. 10, '62. Griffin Dewitt, A, Murfreesboro, Jan. 15, '63. Hunt G. W., A, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 9, '62. Hulet H. G, Perryville, Ky., Oct. 18, '62. Holmes J. B., I, Ang. 28, '63. Jiggen J., B, Chattanooga, Sept. 20, '68, Jones A., D, Perryville, Ky., Nov. 1, '62. Miles H., K Huntsville, Ala., July 22, '62. PiddingtonE., I, Stevenson, Ala,, Oct. 27, '6 Schow A., K, Cincinnati, Nov. 25, '62. Turcott A., Chattanooga, Oct. 12, '63. White H., E, LarkinsviUe, Ala., Aug. 22, '62. Wood Abraham, Perryville, Ky., Oct. 15 '62. White R., I, Mud Creek, Ala., Aug. 23, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. P. Corey, 1st sgt., H, New Albany, March 17, '68. J. H. Hooper, sgt., A, Bowling Green, Mar. 5, '62. W. H. Nugent, do C, Nashville, March 28, '62. S. Ellenwood, do C, Andersonville, Sept. 12, '64. H. A. Rohan, do F, do June 18, '64. H. Peinter, do F, do ,- Sept. 16, '64. G. A. Shaffer, do I, Nashville, Oct. 7, '62. C. M. Comstock, do K, Murfreesboro, Nov. 4. '62. O. Gilbert, do K, Andersonville, June 1, '64. J. S. Wilson, Corp., A, Nashville, Sept. 8, '64. C. P. Tucker, do A, Andersonville, July 16,'64. M. A. French, do B, Nashville, Feb. 2, '63. E. Hill, do 0, Bowling Green, Feb. 28,'62. W. M. Robinson, do v~, Andersonville, Aug. 18,'64. S. Crouch, do D, Nashville, March 7, '62. E. Sweet, do D, LarkinsviUe, Aug. 3, '62. W. Marsh, do G, Elizabethtown, Mar. 17,'62. B. F. Bonner, do I, Andersonville, June 25, '64. J. G. Babbitt, do K, Elizabethtown, Mar. 21,'62. B. F. Haugle, do K, Andersonville, June 27,'64 Adams M., A, Cincinnati, May 26, '64. Adams P., A, Andersonville, Oct. 12, 64. Austin J. M., E, Louisville, Feb. 27, '62. Amidnn G. W., G, Nashville, March 19, '62. Alger T., H, Bowling Green, April 2, '62. Angel G. W., H, Louisville, Sept. 29 '63. Brown S., A, Murfreesboro, Ap. 5, '62. Bovee A. D., A, July 11, '64. Brezee G. H., B, Bowling Green, March 14, '62. Beach F., D, Murfreesboro, Ap. 18, '62. Bemis H., C, Andersonville, Aug. 9, '64. Bannister J..D., D, Shepherdsville, Nov. 25, '61. Burk J., E, Andersonville, Aug. 30, '64. Brown 0., E, New Albany, Nov. 16 '62. Babcock T. J., G, Elizabethtown, Ky., M'h 15,'62. *Baker G. M., H, Wartrace, Tenn., Sept. 14, '62. Butts Lorenzo D., H, Louisville, Nov. 3, '63. Butler M., K, Andersonville, Nov. — , '64. Coburn W., A, do Oct. 15, '64. Cowles D, B, do July 6 '64. Coose P., C, Murfreesboro, Ap. 7, '62. Crowfoot J., E, Nashville, Jan. 11, '62. Clark W. E., E, Andersonville, Nov. 1, '64. Christopherson H., G, Nashville, Jan. 9, '63. *Carmichael W. H., G, Tyron Station, May 9, '64 Curry G. W., H, Cowan, Tenn., Aug. 3 '68. Downie P., C, Chattanooga, March 2, '64. Douglas E., G, Bowling Green, Earch 8, '62. Dezotell J., H, Bacon Creek, Ky., Feb. 28, '62. Dean M., K, Louisville, Jan. 15, '62. Dilley E. A., K, Elizabethtown, Ky., May 6, '62. Ellis C. D, Nashville, April 17, '62. Ewey G. E., E, Nashville, Nov. 4, '62. Frost 1». M., A, Bowling Green, April 5, '62. Fountain N. H., A, Andersonville, June 28, '64. Prank D. P., C, Huntsville, MaylO, '62. ' Freeman P.M., C, Andersonville, Oct. 10, '64. Goram A., F, Louisville, Jan. 5, '63. Gorman A. H., H, Bowling Green,. Mar. 81,'62. Grash F. , I, Andersonville, June 24, '64. Herrick G., B,, Murfreesboro, April 19, '62. Hewick N., B, Andersonville, Aug. 2, '64. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 1073 Hand G., D, Andersonville, Jan. — , '65. Howitt A., Jr., E, Elizabethtown, Feb. 2 '62. Hudson J. T., Huntsville, May 28, 62. Hudsen C, K, Bacon Creek, Ky. , Jan. 27, '62 Howard F. W., K, Andersonville, Aug. 11, '64. IngrahamJ.,K, do Sept. 18, '64. Johns T., A. Elizabethtown, March 10, '62. Jacobson N., G, Rochester, WiB., April 6, '62. Johnson Ole, H Bowling Green, Ky., Ap. 1, '62, Julson J., K., Louisville, Dec. — , '62. Kleider F., I, Cincinnati, Oct. 15, '62. Lee L., A, Paint Rock, Ala., May 19 '62. Lansing G., A, Andersonville, Aug. 24, '64. Leroy W. W., F, Huntsville, April 28 '62. Lane Job, G, Murfreesbono, April 9, '63. Landon J., H, Prisoner of War. Little A. A., K, Sept. — , '64. McCann J., A, Bowling Green, AprU 2 '62. Martin A. L., B, Nashville, Nov. 10, '62. Moore G. W., D, Elizabethtown, Ky., M'h 28, ' Merrill C. C, D, Nashville, March—, '63. MortiesP., D, Andersonville, Aug. 15, '64. McDonald E. , F, Jan. 16. '64. Marks J. B., G, Murfreesboro, April 5, '62, McClurg A., I, Andersonville, Aug. 20, '64. Moore G. W., 1, Louisville, Dec. 21, '62. Nichols W., I, Andersonville, Aug. 18, '64. Osborn W., A, do Parmenter M. M., D., Louisville, June 8, '62. Purdy M., E, Andersonville, July 30, '64. Parker W. H., F, Bacon Creek, Ky., Jan. 5, '65 Purdee J., I, Andersonville, Sept. 1, '64. Roctor H. A., A, Murfreesboro, April 18, '62. Roderick H., A, Nashville, Aug. 10, '63. Rogers G. W., E, Louisville, Feb. 12, '62. Root M. J., G, do ¥eb. 12, '62. Ray A., I, Nashville, Aug. 6, '62. Rambougb J., K, Macon, Ga. Reynolds F. S., K, Andersonville, July 20, '64. Sneil J., A, Delavan, Wis., Feb. 22, '62. Sedgwick D. P., B, Bacon Creek, Ky., Dec, 30 '61 Soule J. B. , B, June 30, '64. Smith W. H., B, Andersonville, July 31, '64. Sutton J., B, do July 19, '64. Smoke O. M., D, Louisville, Feb. 6, '62. Straw S., E, Nashville, Nov. 19, '62. Stafford S. S., G, do Sept. 16, '62. Sargent P. H., G. Schrigley H., G, Andersonville, April 8, '64. Spooner C. W., H, Annapolis, Md. Schoenhaus A., H, Nolin, Ky., Dec. 26, '61. Shaffer F. L I, Nashville, April 15, '63. Turner W., A, Sugar Creek, Wis., July 26, '62. Turner F., B, NashvUle, Deo. 19, '62. Tyler J. H., B, June 80, '64. Tyler E. B., F, Andersonville, Oct. 22, '64. Volts F., E, do Oct. 23, '64. Wiltse A., D, Louisville, Feb. 14, '62. Warner C. H., E, Murfreesboro, April 15, '62. WycottJ. T., E, do June 24, '62. Weaver H., H, AndersonviUe, July 4, '64, Winebrenner D., I, Bowling Green, Sept. 29, '62. Waster J. T, I, Nashville, Nov. 15, '62. Woods A., I, do Feb. 19, '63. ? Accident. Killed in Action 66 Died of Wounds 27 Died of Disease 126 Total 219 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. J. A. Peaslee, capt., G, Vicksburg, May 23, '63. R. Caddell, 2d It.. D, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9,'65. A. C. Bacon, 1st sgt., H, Bayou Cache, July 7,'62. H. E. Smith, sgt., C, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. N. Hoyt, do D, Bayou Cache, July 7, '62. W. H. Phelps, do E, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9,'65. C. Brunaller, do H, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. J. F. Wheeler, Corp., A, Ft. Blakely, Ap. 9, '65. W. Richardson, do B, Jackson, Miss., julyll,'63. Ingamells G. R., do C, Ft. Blakely, Ap. 9, '65. G. C. White, do D, Bayou Cache, Ap. 7, '62. G. Allbaugh, do D, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap.9,'65. M. Shea, do E, do Ap.9,'65. W. Hayden, do G, Bayou Cache, July 7, '62. Amey R., D, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9, '65. Bowman R., A, Black River, Miss., May 17, '68. Baumann A., B, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Apt 9, '65. Bntler J. F., Vicksburg, May 22, '63. Davis W. M., F, Ticksburg, May 23, '68. Daily F., G, do May 23, '68. Hartson F. U., H, Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, '68, Kennedy J. W., D, Ft. Blakely , Ala. , Ap, 9, '65. Landon F., B, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. Longenhart J., G, do May 22, '63. McGowan J., B, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9, '65. Mulenwog F., B, do Ap. 9, '65. McElhattenD., E, do Ap.9,'65. Michael J. A., G, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. Phelps O. W., E, do June 23, '68. Robinson J. M., D, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9, '65. Stevens F. T.,A, Port Gibson, Miss., May 1, '68. Smith C. F., B, Jackson, Miss., July 11, '63. Scott J., E, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. Shannon A., E, Ft. Blakely, Ala., Ap. 9, '65. Welch A., F, do. Ap. 9, '65. Walker I. M., I, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. DIED OF WOUNDS. D. E. Hough, capt., A, Bl'k Riv. Br., June 2, '63 W. L. Freeman, do A, Mazomanie, June 7, '64. J Law, 2d It., G, Steamer Champion, June 5, '63 W. R. Jones, 1st sgt., E, Vicksburg, May 25, '63. W. H. Jacobus, do H, do May 27, '63. P Wilber, sgt., C, Fort Blakely, Ap. 11, '65. W. V. Roblee, do K, Vicksburg, May 28, '63. W. Turk, corp., A, Fort Blakely, Ap. 10, '65. T. Tiernan, do G, Memphis, June 22, '68. b! P. Benson, do H, St. Louis, July 20 '62. W N. Fay, do H, Vicksburg, May 28, '63. J. Hughbanks, do H, do May 81, '68. M. Haney do A, Fort Blakely, Ala. Acton P, D, Memphis, June 4, '63, Andrews G., E, Vicksburg, May 24, '68. Brace J., D, Jefferson Barracks, Mo., July 31,'6 Breman M., F, Port Gibson, May 6, '63. Bacon R., H, Fort Blakely, Ala., Ap. 12, '65. Cross T., B, Wd., Oldtown, Miss., Aug. 19, '62. Costollo J., F, Carrollton, La., Aug. 17, '63. Davis R. T., E, Grand Gulf, May 11, '62. Enright R., A, Vicksburg, June 1, '63. Giebel J., K, Fort Blakely, Ap. 10, '65. Hazeltine J. E., A, Vicksbirrg, May 28, '63. Holverson Ole, I, do May 22, '63. Ingamells C, C, Memphis, June 16, '63. Kinsley G. W., F, MilUken's Bend, La., Aug. 6,6 KocherD., G, Memphis, July 7, '63, 1074 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Kent Wm., H, June 11, '63. Mather 0. S., F Vicksburg, May 27, '68. Marquardt J. , G, Memphis, June 16, '63. May H. M., G, do Juue 26, '68. McGeen D., G, Fort Blakely, Ap. 10, '64. Newton Isaac, E, Vicksburg, May 24, '68. Partlow S., G, New Orleans, La., May 18, '65. Powderly W. H. , H, Clarendon, Ark. , July 7, 'ft Reeves C., A, Memphis, June 8, '68. Robinson 0. S., H, Vicksburg, May 80, '68. Stevens John, E, do May 24, '68. Satterley T. M., E, do July 2 '68. Scott R., E, do June 16, '68. Stearnes.W. E..F, Memphis, June 15, '68. Stroud G. W., G, St. Louis, Aug. 11, '63. Sturgeon J., K, Vicksburg, May 29, '68. Wilcox E., C, Memphis, June"25, '68. Weiler H. H., I, Vicksburg, June 17, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. 0. A. Johnson, 1st lt. H, Montgomery, July 5,'65. J. Cheesebro, do I, Grand Gulf, May 8, '62. H. D. Smith 2d It., B, Clarendon, July 10, '62. C, A. Northrop, do F, Sept. 3, '63. A. A. Grout, 1st sgt. B, Sulphur Spa, M'hl2,'62. H. P. Knapp, do C, Brashear City, Aug. 14,'64. T. W. Prisk, do E, Min. Point, July 3, '65. A. J. Warren, sgt., B, Meramec, Jan. 81, '62. T. Weed, do C, Cairo, Nov. 25, '64. A.Carlton, do D, Victoria, Mo., Jan. 20, '62. A. Titus, , do D, Brashear City, Ap. 5, '64. G. Parsons do H, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 1, '62. R. C. Phillips, do H, Wisconsin, Dec. 10, '62. C. C. Nelson, do K, New Orleans, Oct. 10, '64. H. K. Enderly, corp. A, Reeves' Sta., Ap. 20,'62. N. Roach, do C, Montgomery, July 22, '65. B. F. Pixley, do C, Brashear City, Dec. 6, '64. G. P. Magill, do D, Pocahontas, May 8, '62. M.Flanagan, do F, Brashear City, Aug. 28 '64. W. Masterman, do G, Van Buren, Feb. 3, '68. D. I. Washburn, do H, Ironton, Nov. 18, '62. L. Whitcher, do 1, Pilot Knob, Mar. 24, '62. R. Brockway, do K, Oldtown, Aug. 22, '62. S. A. Bartlett, do K, Ironton, Nov. 17, '62. H. A. Pohlman, do K, Brashear City, July 14,'65. J. Couley, do K, do Oct. 20,'64. Anderson C, B, Oldtown, Ark., Sept. 9, '62. Allen J. H., B, New Iberia,, La. , Oct. 8, '63. Anderson J., C, Brashear City, July 17, '64. AylsworthD., D, Richland, Wis., Aug. 17, '64. Allen A., E, Oldtown, Ark., 'Aug. 21, '62. Alexander P., F, Memphis, May 6, '65. Ackerman E., H, Oldtown, Ark., Sept. 13, '62. Almy S., H, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 18, '62. Almy Harvey, H, Alton, Mo., Jan. 22, '68. Anderson J., K, Brashear City, Aug. 7, '64. Boardman J., A, St. Louis, Oct. 12, '62. Belor G., A, Helena', Ark., Oct. 8, '62. Barrett J. A, Brashear City, Sept. 18, '64. Bauhart R., A, do Sept. 14, '64. Brossard G. W., B, New Orleans, Sept. 25, '64. Bock J. W., B, do Sept. 29, '64; Burnett J. A., C, Bayou Deview, Ark., July 8, '62. Behm W., C, Mobile, Aug. 22, '65. Burk J., D, St. Louis, Dec. 11, '62. Brannon J., D, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., July 22, '63. Bond T., D., St: Louis, Nov. 16, '62. Bennett W., D, Greenville, La., Ap. 29, '65. Bender M., E, Sulphur Springs, Mo., Dec. 7, '61. Bnnnon J., E, Brashear City, July 29, '64. BriU H., F, Sulphur Springs, Mo., Jan. 13, '62. Black E., F, Lake Providence, La., Mar. 26, '63. Butler F., F, Mobile, Aug. 10, 65. Bidwell E. W., H, Patterson, Mo., Nov. 95, '62. Beulen C. W., I, Sulphur Springs, Feb. 12 '62. Bailey H. W., I, Ironton, Mo., Feb. 22, '68. Bedient J. S., I, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 15, '62. Bashford R., K, New Orleans, June 14, '64. Brandes J. C, K, Brashear City, Sept. 12, '64. Bainson Ole, K, do Oct. 4, '64. Berkey L., K, Sulphur Spa., Mo., Jan. 19, '62. Campbell S. W.. A, Camp Randall, Oct. 25, '61. Coda Milo, A, Van Buren, Mo., Jan. 11, '68. Carpenter B. A, Alexandria, La., May 17, '64. Cooper I., D, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 1, '62. Creekpann J., D, Madison, Wis., Mar. 31, '64. Campbell W. H., D, do Mar. 17, '64. Campbell A., D, New Orleans, June 29, '64. Core W. M., D, Brashear City, Feb. 14, '65. Chaney E., E, Memphis, Sept. 11, '68. Curry T. W., E, Black Kiver, Mo., Dec. 14, '62. Cleveland O. D., G, Clarendon, Ark., July 11,'62. Colborn A,, H, Cole's Bridge, Feb. 1, '62. Cobbett H. C, Sulphur Springs, Jan. 10, '62. Conley W., K, Helena, Ark., Sept. 21, '62. Daggett M., B, Reeves' Station, Mo., Ap. 25, '62. Darrow E, B, St. Louis, Oct. 25, '62. Dengel J., B, Perkins, La., Ap, 26. '63. Drake S., B, Brashear City, Dec. 5, '64. Dillingham C. L., D, Victoria, Mo., Oct. 24, '65. Davis T. T., E, Pitman's Ferry, Ark., May 22, '62, Dain J. M., E, Nashville, April 16, '68. Dahl Burke, F, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 25, '62. Donelson Ole, F, Oldtown, Ark., Sept. 18, '62. Duryea G. W., F, Batesville, Ark., June 20, '62. Delap Wm. A., H, Brashear, La., Sept. 14, '64. DougheyS., K, Ironton, Mo., Nov. 11, '62. Everson A., B, do Nov. 18, '62. Everson T., B, St. Louis, Jan. 8, '63. Edwards Henry B.,iK, Ironton, March 18, '68. Ford'W. A., A, Alton, Mo., Jan. 28, '68. Fox John, A, Hospital Boat, Oct. 9, '62. Flagler L. P., A, Ironton, Jan. 25, '68. Fox Abijah, A, Madison, Wis., May 1, '64. Fontain A., B, Montgomery, July 18, '65. Fryer 11., C, Augusta, Ark., July 4, '62. Fife Charles, D, Ironton, Nov. 8, '62. Feaster David, E, Mobile, Aug. 2, '65. Freeman C, F, Hospital Boat, Sept, 18 '62. Faith G. W., H, Jeff. Barracks, Sept. 27. '52.' Faith John, H, Arcadia, Mo., Oct. 31, '62. Glidden L., B, St. Louis, Nov. 10, '62. Gilbert J. H., B, New Orleans, Dec. 9, '68, Glidden J. N.,B, do Dec. 24, '68. Griffith O., 0, Bayou Cache, Ark., July 6, '62. Gilson M. D., E, Sulphur £pa. Mo., June 22, '62. GugertyW. A., E, Brashear City, July 15, '64. Griffith S. , F, Batesville, Ark. , May 28, '62. Gou,dy J. A., F, Jacksonport, Ark., June 30, '62. Gilbertson T., G, St. Louis, Nov. 6, '62. Gilson E. D, G, Ironton, Nov. 17, '62. Halter J., A, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 18, '62. Hazeltine N. S. , A, Vicksburg, July 80, '63. Hadaman J., A, , Wis., Aug. 25, '68. Howard R., B, Ironton, Nov. 2, '62. Huckbert F., C, New Orleans. Hitchcock W., C. St. Louis, Nov. 14, '62. Huffman D. W., D, Ironton, May 7, '62. Hill W., D, Brashear City, Sept. 14, '64. Hennan W., D, New Orleans, Sept. 16, '64. Hively M. B., D, Madison, Wis., Mar. 24, '64. Hook John, D, do Mar. 8, '64. Hendrickson A., E, Stmr. Rainford, Aug. 26, '63. Hesford D. A., F, Mound City, Nov. 2, '62. Hodget A., F, Rapp's, Ark., Sept. 21, '62. Hodgen C. Z., G, St. Louis, April 18, '64. Hornby R., H, Mound City, Nov. 4, '62. Hobbs H., C, I, Ironton, Nov. 8, '62. HaskinsL. D., I, Sulphur Spa Mo., Feb. 28, '62 Hayden A., K, Ironton, Nov. 27, '63. Hinman Albert, K., St. Louis, Hanson Ole, K, Brashear City, Sept. 15, '64. IsomR., A, New Orleans, Oct. 11, '64. Inman W. R., F, Madison, Wis., March 6, '65 Johnson H. W., A, Ironton, Jan. 21, '68. Johnson W., D, Brashear City, Sept. 5, '64, TWELFTH REGIMENT. 1075 Jones John E., H, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 12, '62. Johnson J. C, I, St. Louis, Aug. 17, '62. Kerr David, A, Ironton, Oct. 27, '62. KingW. C, C, do Nov. 29, '62. Kennedy J. W., D, Madison, Wis., Mar. 1, '64.- Karnes Adam, D, Brashear City, Sept. 27, '64. Knudson P., E, Hospital Boat, July 24, '65. Kreager Carl, E, Mobile, July 26, '65., Klampe Gottlieb, K, Jacksonport, May 17, '63. Koppel A. M., K, Ironton, Jan. 12, '63. Logerson J., A, Jeff. Barracks, July 81, '62. Leanard H. W., A, Montgomery, June 8, '65. Lanigan A., A, Madison, Wis., Oct. 5, '64. Lindsley C. B., Old Mills, Mo., Nov. 1, '62. Lusted John, C, Brashear City, Sept. 15, '64. Lyons C. D., D, Victoria, Mo., Jan. 20, '62. Loguo John, Montgomery, June 16, '65. Lips J. W., F, Willow Springs, Mo., Feb. 11, '68. Langdon F., H, Pickett's, Ark., July 2, '62. Larrabee T., I, Jeff. Barracks, Aug. 2, '62. Laughlin L. D., I, St. Louis, Nov., 9, '62. Lloyd Elias W., K, Vicksburg, July 8, '63. Millard E. A. A, Brashear City, Aug. 14, '64. Millen J., B, Montgomery, June 5, '65. Marsh T., D, Brashear City, Oct. 16, '64. Mallory J., G, Ironton, Oct. 80, '62. MaUon W. H., G, St. Louis, Nov. 21, '62. Murphy M. , G, Wisconsin, April 5, '64. MiUer A. C, H, St. Louis, Aug. 10, '62. Mather W., H, Ironton, Nov. 8 '62. McElroy W., H, Van Buren, Mo., Jan. 28, '68. Myres Nicholas, I, Missouri, Feb. 28, '63. Noble Angus, D, Ironton, Nov. 28, '62. Newell C. L., F, Jeff. Barracks, Aug. 15, '62. Newman Wm. P., H, Arkansas, July 7, '62. OlmsteadD. H., H, Brashear City, Oct. 9, '64. Ostrander C, I, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 29, '62. Perry T. A., A, Ironton, Oct. 24, '62. Pritchett J. B., A, New Orleans, Deo, 17, '64. Plackett H., B, New York,. June 10, '64. Powell T., E, Brashear City, Oct. 28, '64. Palmer P. M., E, Wisconsin, Nov. 27, '64. Paul C. A., F, Keokuk, Sept. 14, '63. Porter Hiram, H, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 20, '62. Parker F., I, Ironton, Dec. 7. '62. Roundy Hollis, A, St. Louis, Oct. 15, '63. Rice T. , A, Ironton, Jan. 5, '62. Robinson C. H., A, New Orleans, Oct. 8, '63. Ray James, A, Madison, Wis., April 80, '64. Roberts L. H., A, Brashear City, Aug. 81, '64. Rhinehard George W., B, Helena, Ark., Oct. 7,'62. Rogers F., B, Oldtown, Ark., Sept. 1, '62, Robinson G., C, Ironton, April 27, '62. Robinson B. F., D, Batesville, Ark., June 28, '62. Robotham A., F, Pocahontas, Ark.L May 8, '62. Rolu Evan, F, Montgomery, July 2o, '64. Rood Calvin, G, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 22, '62. Richards Wm., G, Mobile, Aug. 9, '65. Richardson G., H, Cairo, July 19, '62. Richardson P., H, Oct. 27, '62. Rhylander E., I, Montgomery, July 80, '65. Royer James D., K, Batesville, June 28, '62. Swift Byron, A, do • June 15, '65. Slater John, A, Brashear City, Sept. 16, '64. Shew T. B., A, New Orleans, May 1, '64. Skinner W., A, Moscow, Wis., Dec. 16, '64. Sheldon D., B, Reeve's Station, Mo., Ap. 20, '62. Stetsman F., B, Pocahontas, Ark., May 27, '62. Smith W., B, Jacksonport, Ark., June 27, '62. Stowell Israel, 2d, B, Vicksburg, July 16, '63. Smith Wm., C, St. Louis, Dec. 29, '62. Sickels W. H., C, Waterloo, Wis., May 12, '65. Sullivan Wm., D, Ironton, Oct. 81, '62. Smith M. V., D, Black River, Mo., Dec. 31, '62. Smalley Daniel, D, New Orleans, May 17, '64. Sraalley R., D Madison, Wis., March 17, '64. ShawD. W., D, Brashear City, Nov. 5, '64. Sharp Wm. A., D, Van Buren, Mo.-, Jan. 24, '63. Smith T., E, Milliken's Bend, July 20, '68. Scoggins J. S., E, Oldtown, Ark., July 10, '62. Shay Jeremiah, G, Wisconsin, June . Small Wm., G, Wisconsin, Nov. 7, '63. Schultz Jacob, G, Montgomery, June 27, '65. Sheldon Horace, H, Grand Gulf, May 81, '68. Sawyer Reuben G. , H, New York, April 27, '65. Stowe Martin S., I, Ironton, Oct. 80, '62. Secor James D., K, Van Buren, Mo., Jan. 1, '68. Turk Alfred E., A, Vicksburg, Aug. 4, '63. Taylor W. W., B, Brashear City, Oct. 27, '64. Thompson Martin V., C, St. Louis, June 8, '63. Twining John Q., C, Pilot Knob, Mo., Mar. 24,'62. Twining Aaron, C, Oldtown, Ark., Aug. 25, '62. Thomas Daniel, E, do Aug. 27, '62. Thomas Charles, F, Clarendon, Ark., July 1, '62, Thompson Ole, F, Mobile, Aug. 2, '65. Torrence W. E., K, St. Louis, Dec. 3 '62. Thompson C. O., K, do Feb. 13, '62. Vannasse Joseph, B, Mobile, Aug. 17, '65. Wells H. N., A, Union Hill, Ark., July 8, '62. Webster J. H., A, Clarendon, Ark., July 10, '62. WilUams Wm. P., B, Ironton, April 4, '62. Wise T. , C, Sulphur Springs, Mo. , June 7, '62. Wittehoe Wm., C, Jacksfork, Mo., Feb. 15, '63. Wood.Ira A.kC, Batesville, June 29, '62. Wright GeorJI, C, Brashear City, Aug. 2, '64. Walker 0. C, D, Patterson, Mo., Nov. 12, '62. Widner H., D, St, Genevieve, Mo., Mar. 16, '68. White E. C, D, Rapp's, Ark., Oct. 8, '62. Ward Peter, D, Van Buren, Mo„ Jan. 4, '63. Widner Matthias, D, Brashear City, Sept. 25, '64. Walbridge Edwin, D, E, do Nov. 21, '64. Williams Herman, F, do Oct. 18, '64. Wells Charles H., G, St. Louis, Nov. 9, '62. Wolf C, G, Mobile, Aug. 6, '65. Washburn Orison, H, Ironton, Nov. 9, '62. Wheelock E. C, H, Brashear City, Nov. 29 '64. Washburn Datus E, I Pitman's, Ark., Ap. 24, '62. Whitney Daniel, I, Mound City, Sept. 10, '62. Whipple C. O., I, St. Louis, Dec. 7, !62. Willis Wm. H., I, do Dec. 7, '62. Wooledge Gaius S., K, Ironton, Nov. 16, '62. Warner Reuben, K, Rolla, Mo., Jan. 14, '63. Wescott Carver D., K, St. Louis. Wright J. E., K, Philadelphia, June 27, '65. York Peter, D, Blakely, Ala., April 7, '65. ZirbU John, A, Brashear City, Aug. 6, '64. ?Beighley J. D., D, Black Riv., Mo., Dec. 15, '62. tCharlesworth W. , A, Mobile, Aug. 8, '65. ?Reinhart G. W., D, Black Riv., Mo., Dec. 15, '62. Southein B., D, IronMt. R. R., Mo., Nov. 28, '62. tTollard R. A., G, Sulphur Springs, Dec. 18, '61. * Drowned. t Shot. Killed in action 86 Died of wounds 45 Died of disease 262 Died of Accident 5 Total 848 TWELFTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. A. N. Chandler, capt., K, Pocotaligo, Jan. 14,'65. I. Libby, 1st sgt., F, Atlanta, Ga., July 21, '64. F. W. Henry, sgt., B, do July 22, '64. E. P. Wood, sgt., C, A lanta, Ga., July 21, '64. E. P. Smith, Corp., D, do July 21 '64. E. E. Frisbie, do D, do July 21, '64. 1076 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. JohnStultz, Corp., E, Atlanta, Ga., July 21, '64. Chas. Fields, do E, do July 21, '64. Ole 0. Oleson, do G, Nickajack, Ga., July 8, '64. Askanette Peter, A, Atlanta, Ga., July 21, '64. Bowers Henry, A, do July 21, '64. Bruette George, F, do July 21, '64. Baker Girard, G, do July 22, '64. Beaulieau H. H., Chattahoochee, Ga., July 15, '64. Baldwin E., I, Baker's Creek, Miss., Feb. 4, '64. Cornwell L. B., B, Atlanta, July 21, '64. Covarts F., F, Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 15, '64. Clark Caleb B., K, Atlanta, July 22, '64. Dresser D. L., A, do July 21, '64. DowdenA.,B, do July 23, '64. Dean Thomas, I, do July 21 '64. Elliott J. W.,B, do July 28, '64. Ford Amos B, do July 21, '64. Ford George, B, do July 22, '64. Foster B. F., I, do Aug. 17, '64. Hodges Wm. H., A, do July 21, '64. Humphrey B. I., A, do Aug. 11, '64. Hope George W., A, do July 21, '64. Hagaman E. H., B, do July 22, '64. Henson John, Jr., 0, do July 21, '64. Hookman Wm., D, do July 21, '64. Hale Edgar W., F, do July 21, '64. Krug W., C, Chattahoochee, Ga., July 13, '64. Keeler H. A., H, Atlanta, July 21, '64. Lampert Matthias, D, do July 21, '64. Lampert John, D, do July 21, '64. Lind Ove, I, Baker's Creek, Miss., Feb. 4, '64. Miley James, A, Vicksburg, June 21, '63. Meyers WTm. G., D, Decatur, Miss., Feb. 12, '64. Murray Wm., F, Atlanta, July 21, '64. Murray W. H., I, Baker's Cr., Miss., Feb. 4, '64. Moon L. F., I, Atlanta, July 21, '64. NewtonB. B., G, do July 21, '64. *01esonJ., A, do July 21, '64. Pung John, H, do July 21, '64. Rawdon P., C, do July 21, '64. Ralston S., C, do July 21, '64. Robarge J., G, do Aug. 12, 64. Swanson A., C, do July 21, '64. Stannard W., do July 21, '64. Shaddaker C, H, Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 4, '64. Sample M., I, Kenesaw Mt., Ga., July 1, '64. Silbaugh J., I, Fayetteville, N. C., Mar. 11, '65. Triggs Robert, A, Atlanta, July 21, '64. Titus D., A., E, do July 28, '64. Thomas David, F, do July 21, '64. Wickersham J. E., B, do July 21, '64. WempnerH., I, do July 21, '64. Watts A. J., K, do July 22, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. John Martin Price, major, Savannah,* Dee. 20, '64. J. H. Thayer, 2dlt., E, Marietta, Ga., Oct. 7, '64. S. S. Miles, 1st sgt., B, do Aug, 10, '64. Wm. Richards, Corp., B, Atlanta, July 26, '64. G. W. Bell, do B, Marietta, Aug. 4, '64. John Hinkle, do C, Atlanta, Julyor Aug. '64. F. Bennett do F, do July 27, '64. Boughton C. A., E, do July 28, '64. Boyd J. L., E, David's Island, N. Y., Ap. 9, '65. Bartels Henry, Atlanta, Sept. 10, '64. Camp N., B, Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 14, '64. Ducy J., A, Bentonville, N. C, March 21, '65. Dupee Henry, 1, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 10, '64. FlunoH. A., E, Nickajack, Ga., July 6, '64. Goldner Henry, D, Atlanta, Aug. 19, '64. Gunn John, H, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 26, '64. Holman J. H., A, Marietta, Sept. 17, '64. Hoyt Ralph, B, Rome, Ga., Aug. 19, '64. Holt Johu M. D, do Oct. 11, '64. HaggettR.,F, do Nov. 5, '64. Keepers Lewis M., I, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 9, '64. Long M. B., B, Chattanooga, Nov. 23, '64. Lyon Albert, F, Rome, Ga., July 10, '64. Munns Henry R., K, Atlanta, July 27, '64. Pleasure Octave, F, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. tPlush Davis, F, Atlanta, Aug. 28, '64. RiefenrathC, B Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 27, '64. Sammons J. , B, Hospital Steamer, July 8, '63. Smith C, D, Atlanta, July 23, '64. Stowell W., E, do July 21, '64. Wilson E. R., F, Chattanooga, Jan. 13, '65. West A. W., I, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 1, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. A. B. Gary, ass't surg., Fonddu Lac, Sept. 14, '62. G. Allen, 2d It., A, Vicksburg, Aug. 4, '63. I. Walker, do K, Hickory Grove, Sept. 17, '62. J. H. D. Rowe, 1st sgt., C, La Grange, Nov. 17,'62. Edward Paul, sgt., C, Hospital Boat, July 15, '68. F. B. Wheeler, do D, Memphis, March 18, '68. A. F. Close, do K, Pearl River, Feb. 27, '64. J. McGeorge, Corp., A, Natchez, Oct. 12, '68. T. P. Lloyd, do C, Humboldt, Sept. 13, '62. D.C.Wood, do C, Vicksburg, July 5, '68. B. Powers, do C, Memphis, Jan 17, '64. G. Baker, do C, Savannah, Pris. of war. J. J. Lowman, do E," Troy,- Term,, June 27, '62. W. L. Foster, do F, La Grange, Jan, 15, '68. G. Dascey, do I, Andersonville, Sep. 24, '64. S. C. Peckham, do K, Vicksburg, Oct. 12, '63. Allen J. F., B, Savannah, Dec. 15, '64. Annunson A., F, Savannah, Feb. 1, '65. Ames Hiram, F, Villenow, Ga., Oct. 17, '64. Arvidson L. P., G, Troy, Tenn., June 26, '62. Allen C. H., H, Newbern, N. C, May 6, '65. Beebe 0. A., A, Natchez, Oct. 1, '68. Boughton E., A, do Jan. 24, '64. Barlow Henry, A, St. Louis, Feb. 16, '64. Bailey C. H., D, Memphis, Mar. 24, '64. Brackly M., D, Burton, Ga., Dec. 1, '64. Barton E. W., E, Washington, May 29, '65. Bailey G. W., E, Delton, Wis , May 20, '65. Benson Jacob, G, Lawrence, Ks. , April 20, '62. Bangs L. W., G, ColUerviUe, Tenn., Mar. 13, '63. Brown Daniel, H, Natchez, Oct. 25, '63. Brouilliard Peter, H, Lawrence, Ks., May 2, '62. Bonney E. A., K, ColUerviUe, Tenn., Feb. 12, '62. Blanchard W. W., K, Natchez, Sept. 26, '62. BlarMin N., K, Steamer Planet, Jan. 16, '64. Connolly W. F., A, Weston, Mo., March 19, '62. ComstockB. B., A, Humboldt, Tenn., July 17,'62. Colgan J. M., A, Neville Station, Feb. 24, '63. Campbell C. L., B, Weston, Mo., Marchl, '62. Curtis Horace, B, Vicksburg, June 29. '63. ConklinM., B, do Aug. 29, '63. Curtis George, B, Holly Spa., Miss., Dec. 11, '62. Chestleson T., C, St. Louis, July 27, '63. Chestleson Aslak, C, Vicksburg, July 30, '68. Cowan Hugh, D, Racine, Nov. 28, '68. Ceh C, D, Toomsboro, Ga., Nov. 21, '64. Clement J. H., E, Atlanta, Aug. 6, '64. Crampton Oscar, G, Lawrence, Ks., April 6, '62. Coates John, H, Natchez, Jan. 24, '64. Campbell Selon, H, Nashville, Feb. 8, '65. CogginL., C, Vicksburg, July 6, '63. Cook Wm. C, I, Savannah, Dec. 16, '64. Degarmond C, A, Leavenworth, March 7, '62. Davis L. D., A, Memphis, March 18, '64. Dearholt Henry, B, Fort Riley, May 6, '62. Duddleston H., B, CoUierville, Tenn., Feb. 7, '63. DutcherN., D, Natchez, Sept. 27, '63. Delano Moses, F, Leavenworth, April 18, '62. Duame Acedor, F, Natchez, Sept. 10, '63. Dyer Samuel J., F, Keokuk, Oct. 18, '63. TWELFTH REGIMENT. 1077 Dobson Wm. J., I, Quincy, 111-., Feb. 21, '62. Darnell Ellas, I, Humboldt, Tenn., Aug. 22, '62. Degarmo C, I, Rome, Ga., Sept. 20, '64. Dewitt Eliphaz, I, Savannah Jan. 8, '65. Eddy Thomas R., C, Hosp. Steamer, July 15 ,'63. Edmonds J. C, E, Natchez, Aug. 80, '68. Erickson Andrew, K, Cairo, March 24, '64. Ewing J. M., K, Beaufort, S. C, April 27, '65. Fish Charles, C, Rome, Ga., Aug. 7, '64. Fisher W. II., E, Humboldt, Tenn., Sept. 14, '62. Freeman Joel M., E, Rome, Ga., July 9, '64. Fritchie George, G, Chattanooga, Dec 19, '64. Fontain Henry, G, Newbern, N. 0., April 80, '65. Forsyth Jerome, H, Leavenworth, March 80, '62. Gibbs James, A, St. Louis, Oct. 1, '63. Gear Elmore, C, Wisconsin, May 7, '64. Creen Harrison J., D, St. Louis, Aug. 7, '68. Gloyd Charles L. , E, Kenesaw Mt., June 5, '64. Garland James, F, Memphis, April 4, '64. Gribner Henry, H, Hospital Steamer, July 28, '68. Hobart Alvis, B, Weston, Mo., March 7, '62. Hagaman Jehiel D., B, Natchez, Aug. 21, 63. Hobart Anderson, B, Memphis, June 17, 68. Harris Nicholas, D, Andersonville, Nov. 24, '64. Harbaugh Wesley, E, Memphis, Nov. 19, '68. Hays Philander, F, Vicksburg, Aug. 14, '68. Harkness Francis, G, do Aug. 6, '68. Hays Alexander, 1, Madison, Wis., Mar. 4, '64. Henthorn John. I, Marietta, Ga. , Oct. 6, '64. Johnson John J., A, Columbus, Ky., June 22, '62. James C. J., C, Oxford, Miss., Dec. 22, '62. Johnston Enos, E, Humboldt, Tenn., Aug. 27, '62. Jepson Joseph, H,.St. Louis, July 80, '68. Knapp A., E, Milton, Ga., Nov. 8, '64. Kanaly John, F, Madison, Wis., Jan. 19, '62. King John, G, Memphis, March 28, '63. Kast James W., K, Madison, Wis., Oct. 27 '68. Knudson Halger, K, Dalton, Ga., Jan. 27, '65. Killison John, K, Nashville, Feb. 17, '65. Loring Horace &., A, St. Louis, Oct. 14, '68. Lane D., B, Neville Station, Tenn., Feb. 10, '63. Level Jonas, C, La Grange, Tenn., Nov. 18, '62. Lathrop Elias, F, Hospital Boat, Aug. 1, '68. Leach Hiram, F, St. Louis, Aug. 16, '63. Leavitt Nathan W., I, Savannah, Feb. 14 '62. Larson Lewis, K, Madison, Wis., March 81, '65. Mclntyre Dougal, A, Natchez, Aug. 25, '68. Mason James B., B, Cairo, April 13, '64. Meade James B., B, Atlanta, Oct. 1, '64. Morris W. E,, C, Paw Paw Island, June 2, '63. Meltor F., D. Quincy, March 28, '62. McLaughlin J., D, Union City, Tenn., July 18,'62. McDonald W. W., D, Holly Spa., Dec. 16, '62. Martin H., D, Hospital Steamer, July 19 '68. Miller Nelson, D, Newbern, N. C, May 6, '65. Marshall G. W., E, Vicksburg, Sept. 22, '63. Montague G. C, E, Kenesaw Mt., June 25, '64. McCollum A., F, Vicksburg, Aug. 10, '63. Mitchell James, H, Neville Station, March 8, '63. Marshall G. L., I, Bolivar, Tenn., Nov. 25, '62. McClurg Seth, I, Madison, Wis., Jan. 28, '64. Moore J., I, Sun Prairie, Wis., April 4 '64. Munyon John, I, Vicksburg, April 5, '64. Miller L., K, Lumpkins' Mill, Dec. 26, '62. Munson N., K, Rome, Ga., Sept. 22, '64. Nelson Peter, A, Bolivar, Tenn., Jan. 27, 68. Nichols J. G., A, Hospital Boat, Aug. 28, '88. Northrop D. B., A, St. Louis, July 21, '63. Norton, 0., F, Drowned in Miss. Riv., May 8, '63. Nellson H. N., H, Troy, Tenn., June 25, '62. Newcomb Elon, K, Weston, Mo., March 26, '62. Otis John A., A, Rome, Ga., June 16, '64. Osborn W. C., B, Natchez, Aug. 28 '68. Orcutt Cyrus, C, Vicksburg, Jan. 10, '64. Ostrander Horace, E, Hebron, Miss., Feb. 26, '64. Oleson Ole, G, Natchez, Oct. 2, '68. Ostrander C, I, Bristol, Wis., Aug. 16, '68. Patterson Jacob B., A, Weston Mo., April 1, '62. Prescott G, W., A, Bolivar, Tenn., Nov. 8, '62. Pumpliii W. L. H., A, Vicksburg, July 6, '68. Pollock C. T., B, Bolivar, Tenn., Nov. 80, '62. Palmer James, B, Chattanooga, Feb. 10, '65. Parker Levi W., 0, Pulaski, Tenn., June 7, '64. Penree Leonard, F, Natchez, Sept. 9, '68. Palmer Andrew, K, Vicksburg, June 28, '68. Quirk John, A, St. Louis, Aug. 11, '68. Russell Solomon M., A, Vicksburg, June 26, '63. Rich Henry, O, Lawrence, Ks., April 20, '62. Reed Otis, C, do 'April 28, '63. Robbins A., D, LaGrange, Tenn., Feb. 18 '68. Roohr H. F. L., D, Vicksburg, July 21, '63. Rockwell H., E, La Grange, Tenn., Feb. 28, '68. Rockstadt Ole 0, G, St. Louis, Aug. 10, '68. Rogers Jacob, H, Nashville, April 20, '65. Richards George C, I, Vicksburg, July 8. '63. Rounds C. W., K, do Aug. 24, '63. Schuyler T., A Louisville, June 26, '65. Settle Thomas, B, Leavenworth, March 7, '62. Seymour E., B, Jackson, Tenn., March 5, '63. Southwick W. P.,D, La Grange, Nov. 8, '62, Stannard H. R., D^jt. Louis, Aug. 22, '68. St. John L. D.,D, Washington, May 10, '65. Smith Laredo S., E, Lawrence, Ks., April 17, '62. Squires Harlan A., E, Vicksburg, June 28, '68. Shappy Louis, F, do Jan. 22, '64. Smith Edward A., G, do July 4, '68. Smith E. F., G, Madison, Wis., March 81 '64. Shaughnessy G., G, Kenesaw Mt., June 25, '64. Sullivan Thomas, G, Savannah, Dec. SO, '64. Sanford E., H, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 10, '64. Sanford David, I, Cairo, April 16, '64. Setterland John G., K, Natchez, Aug. 20, '68. Stevens G. A., K, Vicksburg, Aug. 19, '64. Taylor J. H., A, Madison, Wis., Feb. 10, '64. Temby Peter, C, Oconee, Ga., Nov. 20, '64. Taylor E. M., G, Natchez, Oct. 17, '68. Thompson Louis M. , G, Drowned, May 7, '65. Tonard J., H, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 10, '63. Tharpe Abner, I, Quincy, May 6, '62. Tyler A. B., I Bolivar, Tenn., Nov. 23, '62. Thompson J. C., I, Jackson, Tenn., Dec. 21, '62. Tenny David, I, Vicksburg, July 12, '63. Tharpe John A., I, Rome, Ga., June 5, '64. Toptine J. C, I, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 20, '64. Thompson C. II., K, Humboldt, Tenn., Aug. 1,'62. Taylor C. L., K, Vicksburg, April 12, '64. Velvick J. W., E, Madison, Wis., March 4, '64. Vaughan A., K, Jeff. Barracks, Jan. 22, '65. Wilson Robert, A, Natchez, Aug. 29, '68. Wood F. C, B, Steamer Nashville, July 18, '63. Wispel Henry, D, Leavenworth, March 14, '62. Weber N., D, Goldsboro, N. C, April 1, '65. Waller David M., D.Andersonville, Sept. 20, '64. Whalen Moses, D, do Nov. 21 '64. Whitney A., F, La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 4, '68. Williams John, F, Vicksburg, July 16, '63. Waldo O., G, Killed by R. R., Va., June 9, '66. Watkins S., H, Humboldt, Tenn., Aug. 30, '62. Wempner A, 0., I, St. Louis, Sept. 27, '63. Walker S., K, Lawrence, Ks., May 24, '62. Wood Isaiah, K, Vicksburg, April 22, '64. Yakey S. D., I, Fredericksburg, May 17, '65. * Probably an error. Has been reported living afterward and a prisoner of war by a comrade. t Prisoner of war. Killed in Action 59 Died of Wounds 82 Died of Disease 202 Total 293 1078 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. THIRTEENTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. G. W. Hulse, corp., B, Whitesburg, July 5, '64. l*Merreness J. B., 0, do ?Carpenter J. H., C, Fort Donelson, Aug. 22, '68. j Aug. 22, '61 DIED OF WOUNDS. tNoyes Sylvester, K, Leavenworth, June SO, '62. | Valentine R. B., A, Waverly, Tenn., Jan. 18, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. W. M. Burns,. 1st sgt., B, Stevenson, Oct. 80, '63. D. H. Whittlesey, sgt., A, Lawrence, Ap. 19. '62. Henry Babcock, do E, Columbus, June 23, '62. Wm. Marskey, do H, Moscow, July 1, '62. G. N. Manning, do H, Columbus, Aug. 19, '62. J. Patterson, sgt., H, Fort Donelson, June 28,' 63. J. Sweet, do K, do Ap. 26, '63. M. L. Bentley, Corp., A, Leavenworth, Feb. 11, '62. J. E. Lavean, do B', Jeffersonville, Nov. 25, '64. L. D. F. Boyce, do C, Sharon, Wis., Mar. 26, '64. C, Victoria, Oct. 18, '65. D, Janesville, Dec. 4, '61. D, Watertown, Feb. 16, '64. F, Huntsville, Aug. 5, '64. John C. Dobie, do H, Columbus, Aug. 23, '62. dodo dodo do I, Ft. Donelson, Aug. 1, Peter Rush John Witham E. BuDtrock, C. Culver, John Niblick, u« .., ... ~u.«>.ou.., . John A. Savage, do K, Cookville, Nov. 17, S. Fuller, do K, Ft. Atkinson, May 17, '64. F. Norcross, do K, Nashville, May 17, '65. Ackerman Milo, A, Lawrence, Ks., May 4, '62. Alverson John, B, Fort Henry, Jan, 4, '63. A iris Adam, B, Lawrence, Ks., April 18, '62. Abbey James, E, Nashville, March 15, '64. Adams A. W., E, Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 10, '64. Anderson Lars C, G, St. Louis, May 6, '65. Butts A. T., A, Leavenworth, Ks., May 10, '62. Butler John T., A, Ft. Henry, Nov. 16, '62. But -,s Charles M. , B, do Nov. 19, '62. JBaker Charles I., B, Fort Donelson, April 21, '63. Beecher Joseph A., B, do July 8, '63. Brown Wm. J., C, Fort Riley, May 8, '62. Burton Harlow, C, Lawrence, Ks., May 21 '62. Bowman E. M., C, Fort Henry, Nov. 18, '62, Bubolz Carl, D, Victoria, Texas, Sept, 3, '65. Barnum C. E., E, Lawrence, Ks., June 20, '62. Balis Luther, G, Claysville, Ala., June 16, '64. Benjamin Ole, G, Cairo, July 15, '65, Benjamin Jason D., G, Vicksburg, March 26, '65. Bullock Frederick, H, Madison, Jan. 14, '65. Baldwin R. K., I, Huntsville, Oct. IS, '64. Crone John, B, Nashville, June 6, '65. Campbell Wm., B, Victoria, Texas, Sept. 25 '65. Carpenter Joseph O., C, Nashville, Dec. 9, '68. Clark Wm. M., O, do Nov. 18, '64. Clark A. S., C, GreenLake, Texas, Sept. 6, '65. Corey 0. H., O, Leavenworth, Feb. 21, '62. Condon R. C, D, Lawrence, Ks., May 28, '62. Cotton Owen, D, Magnolia, Wis., Feb. 16, '64. Christian H., D, Huntsville, June 16, '65. Cass George W., G, Madison, Aug. 27, '65. Ohipman S. D., I, Smithland, Ky., Nov. 5, '62. Clcmons Harvey, I, Madison, Dec. 16, '64. Clemons John I, Huntsville, Oct. 18, '64. Christianson 6., I, Gr. Lake, Texas, July 27, '65. ChristophersonE., I, San Antonio, Oct. 16, '65. Crandall J. B., K, Columbus Ky. June 25, '62. Dennis Wm., C, Cairo, Oct. 18, '62. Decker Isaac, G, Vicksburg, , '65. Dane David, I, Regimental Hospital, Nov. 19, '63 Dibble Virgil M., I, Columbus, Ky., Aug. 31, '62 Earl Isaac, D, New Madrid, June 26 '68. Eastman A., D, Nashville, Oct. 20, '68. Ellis Joseph J., D, New Albany, Dec. 8, '68. Erickson Colben, E, Keokuk, March 20, '65. Eriokson Trails, G, Fort Donelson, May 11, '63. Edmundson S. , I, Green Lake, Texas, Sept. 6,'65. Early C, K, Nashville, May 6 '65. Ferchinger J. , B, do May 29, '65. Fellbaum A., E, do May 19, '65. Finney Alvin T., F, Lawrence, Ks., May 10, '62. Fuller Wm. A., G, Vicksburg, April 1, '65. Finch L. D., I, Huntsville, Mar. 29, '65. Flint David B. , K. do Aug. 81, '64. Govenel Joseph, A, Fort Scott, April 80, '62. Geerin D., D, Columbus, Ky., Sept. 20 '62. Gansell Peter, G, Janesville, Dec. 22, '61. Gould Lemuel, G, Cahawba, Ala., Feb. 22, '65. Harvey Nathan, B, Nashville, May 17, '65. Hulett Milo, B, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 11, '65. Hall Frank, D, Nashville, Nov. 6 '63. Hoisington Amos, D, Evansville, Dec, 18, '68. Hafes Charles, E. New Orleans, June 25, '65. Hyde E. A., E, St. Louis, July 28, '65. Huyck Edgar, E Columbus, Ky., Aug. 27, '62. Horton M. D., H, Huntsville, Ala., Oct. 14, '64. Hamilton G.,I, Fort Donelson, July 11 '63. Hanson Halver, H, Victoria, Oct. 5, '65. Hooper John, I, Madison, March 80, '64. Heacock James O., K, Nashville, June 17, '65. Johnson Wm., A, Lawrence, Ks., April 28,"'62. Jackson J. L., A, Stevenson, Ala., May 28, '64. Johnson Warren W., C, Sharon, Wis., July 18,'62. Johnson Wm. M., E, Huntsville, Feb. 21, '65. Johnson A., G, Fort Donelson, May 2, '63. Jaquith Ambrose, I, Madison, Feb. 18, '64. Kammerer John A., C, San Antonio, Oct. 18, '64. KreigerL., E, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 14, '65. Kinney C. W., G, Lawrence, Ks., April 25, '62. Kestleson Jesse, H, Fort Donelson, June 18, '68. Kingman T. R., I, Stevenson, Nov. 30, '64. Keeter Wm., K, Lawrence, Ks., April 18, '62. Lawless Thomas, E, Nashville, March 1, '64. Miller Ernest, A, San Antonio, Sept. 21, '65. Miller Amos S-, B, Fort Scott, March 16, '62. Mills Peter, B, Fort Henry, Dec. 16, '62. Murphy John, E, Columbus, Ky., Aug. 1, '62. MnCreedy G. W., E, Paducah, April 15, '63. Meighells E. J., E, Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 10, '64. Moran James, G, Fort Riley, May 12, '62. Minor W. S., G, Fort Henry, Nov. 25, '62. Martin John V., G, Madison, Wis., Feb. 17, '6J. Malle M. E., G, St. Louis, April 25, '65. Martin Joseph W..G, Victoria, Sept. 13, '65. McDonald Adam, H, Leavenworth, March 2, '62. Mills John V. , I, Madison, March 17, '64. McCart A., I, Columbus, Ky., July 6, '62. McMaster Charles H., I, Victoria, Sept. 6, '65. Morrison B. H., K, Madison, March 9, '64. NanwabitteL., F, Green Lake, Texas, Sept. 21, '65, Nelson Lars P., G, Huntsville, Nov. 21, '64. Neym John, K, Leavenworth, Mar. 21, '62. Norton E. H., K, Wetherfield, III., Sept. 22, '62. Orcott George D., E, Jeffersonville, Nov. 29, '64 Osmondson Ole, H, Fort Henry, Oct. 21, '62. Prindle F., C, Leavenworth, Feb. 27, '62. PatchinH., D, Claysville, Ala., June 19, '64. Patchin David, D, Nashville, Nov. 10, '64. Percey George A., F, do April 10, '64. FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 1079 Pomeroy J. H., G, Lawrence, Ks., May 6, *62. Pryor George S., G, NashviUe, Feb. 88, '64. Penn John, G, do June 4, '65. Purdy John F., G, Cairo, Jury 4, >65. Palmer Luman, H, HuntsvUle, Jan. 14, '65. Pitcher T. F., I, Fort Donelson, June 8, '68. PlauU John, K, Lawrence, Ka., April 29, '63. Randolph I. A. T., A, do AprU 23, '62. Rice Seymour, C, Leavenworth, Feb. 17, '62. Serine L.,0, Fort Henry, Jan. 23, '63. Robinson H. R., D, Edgefield, Tenn., Dec. 19, '63, Roller D., D, Green Lake, Texas, Aug 5, '65. Rolf Wm. M., E, NashviUe, Jane S, '65. Rolfe R. C, F, Fort Riley, May IS, '62. Rice E. H., F, Lawrence, Ks., April 36, '62. Rhodes James D., G, Paducah, April IT, '63. Rolof Wm., H, ?>ashville, Aug. S, '65. Roper Ernest, I, Madison, Jan. 14, '65. Robinson C B., K, Nashville, Sept, 31, 64. Smith B. S., A, Lawrence, Ks., May 5, '62, Schroder M., C, Sort Scott, March 6, '62. Schermerhom B. B., C, Leavenworth, Feb. T2,'62. Sebring L B. P., C, Paoli, Ks., AprU 27, '62. Schnman C, D, Columbus, Ky., Dec. 7, '62. Strobel Matthew, D, Victoria, Tex., Sept. £6, '65. Starkweather E. A., E, Ft. Donelson, Mar. 2S '63. (Sherman George S., E, NashviUe, Mar. 15, '64. Schultx F., E, Victoria, Sept. 5, "65. Shorrack W. B., F, Stevenson, May 28, '64. Shaffner Peter, G, St. Louis, May 24, '63. Shields Lords, H, Lawrence, Ks. , April 28, '68. Seeley David, H. do June 26, IS. Salisbury S., L, Quincy, July 4, '65. Stannard M. B., K, Ft. Donelson, March 29, '68. Sharda A/ F.^, NashviUe, Nov. 16, '64. Smith Louis, K, Madison, Wis. TiUer Hiram, F, NashviUe, June 2, '65. Tuttle E. H-, P, Fort Riley, May 11, '62. Taylor R. B., G, Paducah, April 17, '63. Tanderwerker C. H., B, Nashville, Nov. 1S/6S. Vanderburgh John, D, Lawrence, Ks. , Ap. 28, '62. Warren N., A, Columbus, Ky., Aug. 4, '62. Woodworth N., C, NashviUe, Oct. 80, '64. WUliams John H., D, do Nov. 6, '68. West S., D Lawrence, Ks., AprU 21, '62. WUliams G., D, ClaysviUe, Ala., June 10, '64. Wagoner Peter, E, NashvUle, June 9, '65. Wenright G., G, Fort Donelson, Aug. 17, '68. WUds George W., H, Victoria, Oct. 1, "65. Waters J., 1, Brownsboro, Ala., Nov. 9, '64. WiUdns Alden, I, HuntsviUe, March 3, '65. * KUled by guerriuas. t By his own hand. X Drowned. fl Wounded. KUled in Action 8 Died of Wounds 3 Died of Disease 179 Total 184 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT, TTTT.T.im IN ACTION. L. W. Vaughn, capt., E, Corinth, Oct. S, "62. G. B. Waldo, do E, SMloh, April 7, '63. S. A. Tinfcham, 1st It., B, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Colin Miller, do C, Vicksburg, May 23, "63. H. F. Newland, pr. mus., Cave Spring, Oct. 81,'G4. 1. Hendricks, sgt., A, Vicksbnrg, May 22, '63. J. P. Wells, do C, do May 22 '63. Joseph King, Corp., A, Shiloh, April 7, "62. Nelson Krake, do A, Vicksborg, May 22, '63. PhelpsE. Hill do B, Corinth, Oct. S, '63. K. Putnam, do C, do Oct. S, '63. F. A. Cnllen, do I, Shiloh, April 7, "62. Abbey Charles, A, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. Annan M. J., K, Clifton, Term., July 6, '65. Bergman J., F, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. Barker Lucius, G, Shuoh, April 7, '62. Bump Samuel, G, do April 7, "62. Berge A. C, G, Corinth, Oct. 3, 62. Brown Wm., K, do Oct. S, '62. Billings Rufus, K, do Oct. 3, '62. Clark G. S-, C, do Oct. 3, '62. Collins Alfred, D, Vicksburg, May 2V*S. Carney Patrick, G, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Craig George W., H, Vicksburg, May 23, •63. Deland Stephen, B, do May 22, "63. Duvall Wm., D, Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. DUl Myron, E, Vicksbnrg, May 22, "63. Delano Hatal, G, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Eastwood John, B, SMloh, April 7, '63. Eastwood I. G., H, Corinth, Oct 8, '63. Frost Harvey E, I, SMloh, April 7, '63. Glenn John B., D, Shiloh, AprU 7, '62. Harkness H., B, vicksburg, May 22, '68. Harper Robert, K, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Jones Wm. D., B, Atlanta, July 24, '64. Koch F. W. C, D, Vicksburg, May 23, '68. King Simon, F, Atlanta, July 22, '64. Mason Thomas, D, Corinth, Oct. 3, '63. Monroe George A., E, Vicksburg, June 21, *68. Monger John L., F, do June IS, *63. Morrison Samuel, F, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Moser John, G, Shiloh, April 7, >62. Newton E., G, do April 7, '62. Otis John, B, Vicksburg, May 32, '63. Owen P... G, Spanish Fort, Ala., April S, '65. Putnam John D., F, Shiloh, April 7, '63. Peeler Henrv, H, do April 7, '63. Quimby C, B, Lovejoy, Ga.. Sept. 3, '64. Raab L., G, Corinth, Oct. 8, '63. Rayson Tnnmas, L, ShUoh, April 7, '62. Rockwood John J., I, do April 7, '62. Summers John, A, Vicksbnrg, May 22, '68. SteinmeUger A., H, do May '22, '63. Schlinsog G., I, Shiloh, April 7, "63. Thompson J. A., B, Corinth, Oct. 3, '63. Tucker John E.D, do Oct. 8, '62. ToUevsen Knud, G, Vicksbnrg, May 23, '68. Turner A. L., G, Atlanta, Aug. 18, =64. Vanduxer Morris, E, Corinth, Oct. 3, '62. Wederman Jacob, A, Vicksburg, May 19, '68. Westgate P., E, Corinth, Oct. S, '63. WUliams George, H, do Oct. 3, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. S Harrison, capt., F, Corinth, Oct. 20, "62. John D. Post, 1st It., B, May 27, TO J C McFarland, 1st sgt., F,Miriik-sBd.,Je.l8,'6S. C Drake, sgt., B, St. Louis, April 20, '62. A. J. CovUle, do I, Corinth, Oct. 6, "62. L. C. Potter, Corp., G, do Oct. 6, '62. C. W. Rider, oorp., I, Vicksbnrg, May 24, '63. L. Underwood, do K, Corinth, Oct. T, '63. F. R. St. John, do K, do Oct. 10, '62. C. Bach, do K, Vicksbnrg, June 26, '63. H. D. Lyman, do K, Mound City, Ap. 19, '68, AUey J., C, Pittsburg Landing, April 15, '" W. B. iasherness, do I, Jeff. Barts., May 18, '62. 'Anderson Wm, M., C, Corinth, Nov. 81, '62, 1080 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Austin E. B., E, Pittsburg Landing, Ap. 10, '62. Beadleston J. J., B, Corinth, Dec. 10, '62. Boynton O. L., C, New Orl-:."«. April 9, '65. Batcheldor C. R..-G, Holly ...tags, Nov. 23, '62, Bacon Charles G., I, St. Louis, May 7, '62. Briar Charles A., K, Mound City, Ap. 26, '62. Begood John, K, MempMs, June 8, '62. Covenstance J., K, Corinth, Oct. 6, '62. Dunten H., K, Tupelo, iliss., July IS, '64. Edson R. L., K, Corinth, Oct. 11, '62, Garrow Peter, H, Memphis, Sept. 5, '63. Hill H., F, Spanish Fort, Ala., April 8, '65. Hammon D. D., H, Hospital Steamer, May 29, '6! Lee W. W., K, Spanish Fort, Ala., April 1, '65. Morgan T., B, Pittsburg Landing, April 7, '62. Mattice F. B., I, Spanish Ft., Ala., AprU 8, '65. Noyes George H., C, Memphis, June 16, '63. Owens John, D, Cincinnati, May 7, '62. Porter Elry, C, Corinth, Oct. 16, '62. Ross Henry, I, Mound City, April 18, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. D. E. Wood, col., Fond du Lac., June 17, '62. Ira A. Torrey, surg,, Neenah, Wis., Sept. 16, .'63. M. K. Barnes, 2d It., H, Sheboygan, July 12, '62. B. F. Witters, sgt., A, St. Louis, May 12, '62. A. B. Chambers, do B, Weyauwega, Aug. 28, '65, C. Cowles, do K, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 2, '64. H. I. Cady, Corp., F, Milliken's Bend, July 1, '68. Wm. Cavill, do F, Jeff. Barracks, June 24, '63. W. R. Gibson, do H, Pittsb'g Ld'g, June 29, '62. S. D. Parker, do I, Hospital Boat, Aug. 3, '62. Alston M., B, Andersonville, Nov. 8, '64. AUen 0. P., D, Pittsburg Landing, May 21, '62. Antoine Abram, F, Vicksburg, June 11, 64. Anthony T., G, Montgomery, June 26, '65. Airhart J. H. , G, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 5, '64. Ayers G. R., I, Pittsburg Landing, May 2, '62. Ankerbrand J., K, do May 24, '62. Ankerbrand M. , K, Hamburg, Sept. 80, '62. Baeger Conrad, A, Memphis, Oct. 2, '63. Baumgarden J. , A, Montgomery, Aug. 9, '65. Bremmer A., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 22, '63. Baker C. G., B, Montgomery, Aug. 19, '65. Ban-on Robert, C, Corinth, Oct. IS, '62. Baird T., F, Big Shanty, Ga., June 16, '64. Baker John, G, Columbus, Ky., Jan. 20, '63. Burton C, G, Pulaski, Term., Aug. 18, '64. Burch D. C, H, Pittsburg Landing, June 15, '62. Burrows J. M., H, do June 21, '62. Butler John, H, May 4, '62. Boomhouer R., H, Plymouth, Wis., Feb. 10, '64. Bloyer J., H, Duval's Bluff, Ark., Sept. 18, '64. Beran Frank, H, Cairo, Jan. 30, '65. Clendenning A. , Pittsburg Landing, June 4, '62. Cornish A., A, Lake Providence, March 2, '62. Collins C. E., Alexandria, La., May 20, '64. Crysler James H., B, Rome, Ga., Sept. 9, '64. Chambers J., B, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 20, '64. Cram C. L., D, Pittsburg Landing, June 7, '62, Crawford Henry, D, MempMs, Aug. 25, '64. Calkins G. W., D, New Orleans, March 21 '65. Clark W. M., E, Pittsburg Ld'g, June 6, '62. Cramer James H. , F, Montgomery, July 27, '65. Chicks James, G, Corinth, Nov. 6, '62. Crownhavt W. C, H, Pittsburg Ld'g, June 26,'62. Cleveland A., H, do June30,'62. Conover C, H, New Orleans, March 11, '65. Collins Wm., K, Marietta, Ga., Sept. — , 64. Daniels D. W., B, Brownsville, Ark., Oct. 3, '64. Danforth C, F, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 24, '64. Doxtater Paul, G, Cairo, May 3, '64. Denmark J. J., I, Pittsburg Ld'g, May 22, '62. Edder James A., E, do April 30, '62. Ehrke Joachim, I, April 26, '65. Errickson Peter, I, Mobile, Sept 12, '65. Fiel Michael, A, New Orleans, March 23, '65. Fife John R., B, Memphis, Feb. 15, '65 Fife Amos, B, New Orleans, March 27, '65. Fortner Isaac H., B, do March 18, '65. Fay Mark G., E, Memphis, Feb. 8, '63. Glorie B., B, Jeffersonville, Dec. 10, '64. Glenn Cyrus H., D, St. Louis, May 16, '62. Geryma Yella, D, Mound City, Sept. 80, '64. Grogan F., E, Pittsburg Landing, Ap. 25, '62. Green Michael, E, do June 7, '62. Garrow J. , F, Milliken's Bend, June 5, '63. Gutt Ulrick, G, Keokuk, Nov. 19, '62. Gassink G. W. , G, Hospital Steamer, June 28,'65. Green A., I, Milwaukee, April 30, '65. Graham John, I, Montgomery, Aug. 17, '65. Gibson Isaac, K, Memphis, June — , '64. Herrington H. B, Newburg, Ind., June 28, '62. Hearn Wm., B, Vicksburg, Jan. 3, '64. Howe Daniel, C,. Keokuk, Dec. 2, '63. Harling A., C, Montgomery, July 16, '65. Herring John, G, Memphis, Feb. 25, '65. Hodge Joshua, H, St. Louis, May 31, '62. Howe George W., H, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 17, '64 Houghton D. J. , I, Jeff. Barracks, May 14, '62. Hyde Joel, I, MempMs, June 9, '64. Hill John F., K, St. Louis, May 7, '62. Horn Herman, K, Cairo, Feb. 9, '65. Judson Lucius, C, St. Louis, March 12, '62. Jackson 0., D, Steamer Lady Grey, April 4, '65. Jenness R., K, Jeff. Barracks, May 23, '62. Knudson Iver, G, Keokuk, July 20, *62. Kuehn Ludwig, H, Montgomery, Aug. 12, '65. Keller C, K, New Orleans, March 7, '65. Laduke L. P., A, Fond du Lac, April 1, '64. Lafavre D. V., A, Rome, Ga., Nov. 80, '64. Lilley A. F., B, Madison, March 18, '64. Lowell M., D, Lake Providence, May 7, '63. La Count A., F, Atlanta, Oct. 14 '64. Lake B., G, St. Louis, May 12, '62. Litton W., G, Fond du Lac, July 28, '64. Lewis J. P., H, Lake Providence, March 2, '68. Lefflngwell M. J., H, St. Louis, July 28, '68. Lewison A., I, Memphis, June 4, '64. Lynch Lewis, I, Rome, Ga., July 29, '64. Looker R. E., K, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 28, '64. Mason F., B, Pittsburg Landing, May 21, '62. MUler Ira P. , C, do May 2, '62. Marston S., C, Jeff. Barracks, May 15, '62. McPherson N., D, Memphis, Jan. 11, '68. Mason S., D, Galesville, Wis., JulySl, '64. Murphy James, E, MempMs, July 14, '63. McAllister C, E, Keokuk, Oct. 3, '68. Morrison S. E., F, Hospital Steamer, Ap. 30, '62. McNeal Thomas, F, New Albany, May 9, '64. McCorkle J. A., G, Newburg, Ind., May 28, '62 Mott E. L., K, Pittsburg Landing, June 27, '62. McGrath Thomas, K Mobile, Aug. 28, '65. Ninham James, F, Keokuk, Feb. y, '65. Nelson Erick, G, do July 28, "'62. Nims Frank, H, Nashville, Dec. 16, '64. Osier Charles, A, Vicksburg, Feb. 15, '65. O'Connor M., C, Pittsburg Landing, June 6, '62. Owens F., Jr., H, Memphis, Aug. 19, '63. O'NeUl John I, Paducah, March 15, '62. Olm Martin P., I, Vicksburg, Feb. 16, '65. Owen Peter B., I, MobUe, June 29, '65. Pease S., D, Memphis, July 12, '64. Packard J., G, Pittsburg Landing, May 29, '62. Peters C, G, New Orleans, Maroh 15, '65. Powlus A., G, Memphis, June 26, '65. Perqua John S., H, St. Louis, May 19, '62. Paulley Ira, I, do . May 13, '62. Paulley W., I, Jeff. Barracks, Nov. 24, '62. Powers John B., I, Vicksburg, May 22, '62. ?Page D. C, I, Mobile, April 80, '62. . Pemamasaton John, K, Cairo, March 27, '65. Palmeteer Abner, K, Rome, Ga., Sept. 9, '65. Rand M. W., A, St. Louis, May 21, '62. FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 1081 Reed Otis L., A, St. Louis, June 1, '62. Ryarson M., A, Stmr. D. A. January, June 21, '62. Ridout E-, C, Jeff. Barracks, June 26, '62. Rockwood D. F., F, do June 9, '62. Rogers C, H, Lake Providence, March 1, '63. ReimerT.,H, do May 31, '63. Spafford E. D., A, Pittsburg Landing, July 20,'62. Simpson Wm. A., A, Vicksburg, June 29, 63. Stanbley G., B, St. Louis, May 4, '62. Smith M. M., B, Jeff. Barracks, Aug. 29, '62. Smith G. L., B, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 16, '63. Starks Cliarles, B, Atlanta, Oct. 23, '64. Stone J. W., C, Pittsburg Landing, May 19, '62. Statler E., C. Vicksburg, Feb. 22, '65. Statler S„ C, Omro, Wis., Feb. 26, '65. Sprague C. A., D, Pittsburg Landing, June 7, '62. Swineson C, D, Steamer on Miss. R., May 2T, '64. Shirley H. L., D, Jefferson Hospital, Nov. 21, '64. Sabine W., E, Pittsburg Landing, Ap. 25, '62. Stoneman Wm., E, New Albany, Sept. 1, '64. Scott A., G. Alexandria, La., May 10, '64. Sherman Ellas, G, HuntsviUe, Dec. 15, 64. Stevens Wm., H, St. Louis, May 13, '62. Sears Albert W., n, Caho, Dec. 1, '64, Speckman John, H, Montgomery, May 62, '65. Schmidt John, H, Montgomery, July 22, '65. Steinberg A. P., I, St. Louis, May 14, '62. Short W., I, MempMs, June 19, '64. Schmidt F. K., New Orleans, March 6, '65. Segraze E.. K, Montgomery, Aug. 14, '65. Truair D. X., B, do July 11, '65. Tasquin John B. . C, MobUe, Sept. 1, '65. Thomas R. J., D, Chattanooga, Nov. — , '64. Thayer W. P., E, Kewaunee, Wis., Aug. 17, '63. Tidd A., P., Keokuk, Sept. 30, '62. Thomas T., F., Brownsville, Ark., Oct. 4, '64. Titz Wm., I, Montgomery, Aug. 2, '65. Vertz A., F, Hamburg, Tenn., July 26, '62. Vieau A. J., F, Pulaski, Tenn., May 10, '64. Vosburg H., H, Jeff. Barracks, May 6, '63. Van Alstine W. E., H, New Orleans, April 7, '65 White S. S., A, NashviUe, Sept. 24, '64. WMttaker E. L., B, St. Louis, May 9, '62. Wilson John, B, HuntsviUe, July 8, '64. Wilson G., B, Madison, April 11, '61. Worden W. J., C, Chattanooga, June 22, '64. While John S., C, Cairo, Mav 20, '61. Winchesters., C, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 22, '64. Wanio John A., C, Jeff. Barracks, June 23, '62. Washburne G. W., D, Vicksbnrg, June 1, '64. Wliitcomb M., E, MiU Creek, Ala., June 8, '64. WMtcomb Wm., E, St. Lonis, Mav 4, '62. Wright H. G., H, Jeff. Barracks, May 9, '62. Ward Hiram, H, Rome, Ga., July 22, '64. WardE. G.,H, do July 22 '64. WMte Henry, I, St. Louis, March 2S, '62. WMtmore T. W., I, Stm. on Miss. R., May28, '64. Wilson J., F., K, Pittsburg Landing, June 6, '62. Yonkey F., I, Keokuk, Aug. 14, '62. * Suicide. Killed in action 61 Died of wounds 34 Died of disease 191 Total 2S6 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. KTT.T.T'.n Df ACTION. D. McKee, lt. col., Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. J. M. Johnson, cap., A, CMckamauga, Sep. 20,'63. J. Ingmundson, do E, Stone River, Dec. 30,' 62. Henry Hauff, do E, CMckamauga, Sep. 20,'63. O. Thompson. 2d it., A, AUatoona, Sept. 20, '68. Ole Lemvig, sgt., E, do May 27, '64. T. Mikkelsen, Corp., B, Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. E. Hadley, do E, AUatoona, May 27, '64. G. Lokke, do E, do May 27, '64. A. Thompson, do F, Kenesaw Mt. , June 27,'64. G. W. MarshaU, do F, do May 27, '64. A. L. Fosse, do H, Murfreesboro, Dec. 31,'62. 0. N. Damness, do K, CMckamauga, Sep. 19,'63. Asperheim A., B, Resaca, Ga.,May 15, *64. Anderson I., E, AUatoona, Ga., May 27, '64. Bransted Ole C, A, CMckamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Christenson H., F, Rocky Face Ridge, May 14,'64. JSrickson Ole, lst.'E, AUatoona, Ga., May 27, '64. Erickson Ole, 2d, E, do May 27, '64. Finkelsen Knud, C, Murfreesboro, Dec. 31; '62. Flack John, F, do Dec. 30, '62. Gulbrandson Hans, H, do Dec. 30, '62. Hanson G. E., C, do Dec. 80, '62. Halvorson H., D, CMckamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Iverson K., F, Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, '62. Johnson John, B, CMckamauga, Sept. 19, '68. Johnson George, G, Resaca, Ga. , May 14, '64. Johnson Soren, I, do May 15, '64. Johnson John, K, AUatoona, May 27, '61. KnudsenO.,B, do May 27, '64. Knutson 0., B, do Mav 27, '64. Knudson 0. N., F, Murfreesboro, Dec. 30, '62. Lee Ole A., D, do Dec. 31 '62. Lemvig H., E, Rocky Face Ridge, May ll, '64. [.arson E, G, AUatoona, May 27, '64. Lenfson L., K, do May 27, '64. MatMasen M., C, Murfreesboro, Dec. SO, '62. MUesteen 0, H., E, Chickamanga, Sept. 20, '63. Martinson J., K, Murfreesboro, Dec. 81, '62. Nelson L., B, Kenesaw Mt., June 2S, '64. Nelson X., D, Murfreesboro, Dec. 31, '62. Oleson L. J., B, Stone River, Jan. 8, '63. Oleson G., B, CMckamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Oleon Peter, E, AUatoona, May 27, '64. Olene E. P., H, do May 27, '64. Olson K., I, do May 27, '64. Syversen J., A, do May 27, '64. Thompson C, E, CMckamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Thompson 0., G, AUatoona, May 27, '64. DEED OF WOUNDS. H. C. Heg, col., CMckamauga, Sept. 20, '63. H. Hansen, capt., C, Atlanta, Oct. 13, '63. T. P. Sloan. 1st It., E, Kenesaw Mt., June 28, '64. Ole Back, sgt., A, Murfreesboro, Jan. 16, 63. B. Syvortsen, do B, Chattanooga, July 6, '64. N. Steenson, do I, do July 8, '64. K. R. Olson, do K, Murfreesboro, Jan. 9, '63 Erick Larson, Corp., B, Chattanooga, July 1, '64. A. Johnson, do E, New Albany, Mar. 18,'6S. S. Amundsen, do E, Richmond, Va. W. Johnson, do H, NashviUe, June 27, '64. P. 0. Haarstad, do I, Resaca, Ga., June 8, '64. Arneson L., E, Atlanta, June 22, '64. ; Brown J. P., C, Racine, Jan. 15, '64. 1082 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Bonum John, G, Chattanooga, June 24, '64. Bjornson K., H, WMteside, Tenn., Dec. 4, '64. Christiansen G., H, Atlanta, Aug. 2, '64. DokkenLarsO., H, NashviUe, April 1, '63. EUingsen H., A, Murfreesboro, Feb. 21, '63. Ericksen C, G, Atlanta, July 12 '64. Gjerde A. P., H, AndersonviUe, Jan. 18, '65. Hounes Ole L., H, do Jan. IS, '65. Johnson John, A, Chattanooga, Dec. 17, '68. Larsen Ole, A, Murfreesboro, March 26, '63. Lee C. H., E, Murfreesboro, Jan. 17, '68. Larson Knud, H, NashviUe, Jan. 18, '63. Osmondson B. C, C, Murfreesboro, Jan. 9, ' Oleson Ole, H, Chattanooga, Aug. 10, '64. Oleson Iver, I, do July 2, *64. Peterson Knud, A, NashvUle, April IS, '63. ?Rossum Mads, E. Simondson John, 0, Chattanooga, Sept. 20, ' Torgerson T., F, Murfreesboro, April 8, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. A. Clement, 1st it., K, BriggsvUle, Sept. 28, '64. G. Georgeson, sgt., A, Chattanooga, Oct. 5, '64. G. 0. Brunstead, do A, Andersonville, Aug. 6,'64. H. Britton, sgt., B, do Oct. 10, '64. M. Fieldstad, do D, Bowling Green, Nov. IS, '62. C. 1. Larson, do F, Louisville, Nov. 24, 62. John Oberg, do F, St. Louis, Aug. 2, '68. T. Torgerson, do G, AndersonviUe, Sept. 24, '64. A. T Thompson, do H, Island 10, May 22, '62. M. Johnson, do H, Corinth, July 22, '62. H. Gunderson, do I, AndersonviUe, Oct. 11, '64. " H. H. Hofland, do K, do June 4, '64. K. Johnson, corp., A, Louisville, Nov. 9, '62. J. Larson, do B, NashviUe, Nov. 22, '62. 0. W. Gibson, do C, Richmond, Va., Feb. 2,'64. F. Ferguson, do D, BowUng Green, Jan. 1, '63. A. L. Jacobson, do D, Chattanooga, Nov. 5, '63. Ole Jacobson, do D, Andersonville, June l5,'64. J. B. Hovland, do D, St. Louis, March 17, '62. A. Peterson, do E, Bardstown, Ky., Nov. 6,'62. Ole Erickson, do E, NashviUe, Feb. 14, '64. Erick Knudson, do F, Cincinnati, Aug. 2, '62. C. Hultman, do F, Chattanooga, Sept. 23, '63. Albert Oleson, do F, Knoxville, March 17, '64. G. Paulson, do F, Danville, Va., April 1, '64. G. Thosten, do G, Island No. 10, Oct. 8, '62. S. C. SandaU, do G, Chattanooga, Nov. 27, '63. Lars N. Berg, do H, Island No. 10, May 22, '62. Tobias Olson, do H, NashviUe, March S, '68. S. A. Myhre, do I, AndersonviUe, Oct. 3, '64. S. Peterson, do I, do July 81, '62. Bernt Sander, do K, Jacinto, Miss., Sept. 27, '64. N.Peterson, do K, Edgefield June, Nov 19,'62. Axel Peterson, do K, AndersonviUe, July 8, '64. C. Olson, do K, Chattanooga, Nov. 12, '63. Anderson H., B, Island No. 10, May 25 '62. Arneson Arne, C, Madison, Wis., Feb. 10, '62. Anderson Peter, E, Washington, Sept. 11, '64. Andresen Anton, G, Island No. 10, May 1, '62. Andersen C, G, do May 18, '62. Andersen Hans, G, do June 4, '62. Ager G., H, Jeff. Barracks, Aug. 28, '62. Anderson Erick, I, Louisville, Sept. 22, 63. Arneson Dreng, I, Knoxville, April 4, '64. Amundson Ole, I, Chattanooga, July 22, '64. Amundsen I., K, Island No. 10, May 6, '62. Aslaksen T., K, do June 2, '62. Aslaksen H., K, NashviUe, Nov. 11, '62. Aaneson S., K, Camp Dennison, Aug. 23, '62. Bertelsen F., A, Louisville, Nov. 5, '62. Burk Ole O,, B, Andersonville, June 11, '64. Burgeson Wm., E, Nashville, Nov. 19, '63. Benjamin A. S., G, Island No. 10, May 31, '62. Bronas O., G, Andersonville, June 30, '64. Bjornson N., I, do Oct. 14, '64. Christiansen T., A, do Oct. 18, '64. Christophersen Ole, E, Cincinnati, Sept. 6, '62. Christiansen Ole L., F, Island No. 10, May 20, '62. Christiansen M., G, do May 24 '62. Christensen J., G, Columbus, Ky Sept. 28, '62. Christophersen F., H, Island No. 10, AprU 9, '62. Clausen Peter, I, Chattanooga, Nov. 28, '63. Dahl C. O., B, Murfreesboro, July 2, '68. Danielsen D., C, Racine, Oct. 15, '63. DaM Ole E E, Island No. 10, April 30, '62. Dokken K. 0., H, do May 7, '62. Dahl I. G., K, Danville, Va., March 16, '64. Edson E., A, Chattanooga, Feb. 4, '64. Ericksen C, B, AndersonvUle, Aug. 19, '64. Emonson T., O, Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 20, '68, Ericksen Peter, E, Richmond Va., Dec. 1, *63. Ericksen T., E, Edgefield June, Nov. 15, '62. Ericksen H., K, Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 26, '62. Ericksen E., K, Bowling Green, Dec. 1, 62. Enger Jens, K, AndersonviUe, June 24, '64. Fastad John H., B, NashviUe, Nov. 25, '62. Fagan M., I, AndersonvUle, Oct. 2, '61. Gunhus 0., E, York, Wis., Aug. 4, '62. Grell John, F, Island No. 10, April 15, '62. Grund Lars, I, Andersonville, Aug., 81, '64. Halvorsen O., A, Corinth, Sept. 6, '62. Halvorsen L., B, Island No. 10, May 25, '62. Halvorsen H., B, Cincinnati, Oct. 22, '62. Hanson L., B, Andersonville, Sept. 1, '64. Hanson T., C, Richmond, Va., Jan. 27, '64. Halvorsen John, D, Cincinnati, Oct. 22 '62. Halvorsen H., D, Richmond Va., Feb. 2, '64. Homlebeck P., E, BowUng Green, Oct. 12 '62. Halvorsen O., E, do Sept. 24, '62. Hanson H., E, Chattanooga, Dec. 81, '68. Hoen H., F, Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 27, '62. Hanson H., F, Nashville, Oct. 1, '62. Halvorsen B., F, Chattanooga, Dec. 16, '63. Haldorsen 0., F, AndersonviUe, July21, '64, Helgeson G., K, Island No. 10, April 80, '62. Halvorsen L., K, Farmington, Miss., Aug. SO, '62. Helgeson Hans 1., K, NashvUle. March 19, '63 Hanson J., K, Andersonville, June 23, '64. Iversen E., C, Bowling Green, Dec. 19, '62. Ingebretsen C, D, Madison, Feb. IS, '62. IngebretsenL., E, Chattanooga, Dec. 21, *63. Johnson Ole, A, NashviUe, Nov* 18, '62. Johnson E., A, do Dec. 2, '62. Johnson C, A, do Feb. 2, '63. Johnson A., A, Iuka, Miss., Aug. 21, '62. Johnson J. H..B, Island No. 10, July 8, '62. Jensen R., C, Richmond, Va., Feb. 2, '64. Johnson H., C, Bowling Green, Feb. 25, '63. Johnson John, C, Andersonville, Ga. Johnson Peter, D, Corinth, July 21, '62. Joasen I., D, Jackson, Tenn., Oct. 4, '62. Johnson I., D, Nashville, Dec. 2, '62. Jacobsen H. L., D, PineLake, Wis., Feb. 8, '62. Johnson G., E, Cairo, Oct. 8, '62. Johnson Peter, 2d, E, Bowling Green, Jan. 11, '63. Jenson Halvor, E, Nashville, Jan. 12, '63. Johnson John, New Albany, July 1, '68. Julsen E., E, Chattanooga, Jan. 2, '64. Jorgenson G., F, Island No. 10, May 4, '62. Johnson I., H, NashviUe, Dec. 23, '62. Jensen O., K, Chattanooga, Jan. 2, '64. Jacobson J., K, Richmond, Va., Feb. 16, '64. Knudsen E., H, Island No, 10, May 14, '62. Knudsen K., H, Louisville, Oct. 16, '63. Knudsen T., I, MouncTCity, Oct. 26, '62. Knudsen S., I, do Oct. 28, '62. Knudsen C, K, Andersonville, June 26, '64. Luraas A., A, Mound City, April 10, '62. Lodgaard E.,A, Andersonville, Sept. 28, '64, Lasseson R., B, Murfreesboro, April 6, '68. Larsen M., B, Andersonville, Sept. 1, '64. Larsen O., C, Nashville, Dec. 15, '62. LindloeO,,E, do Aug. 27, '63. Lanfell H. O., G, Island No. 10, Oot. 15, '63 SIXTEENTH RE6IMENT; 1083 Larson O., H. Xashvffle, Dec 10, %L Lorensnn J., I, Bird's Point, Mo., April T, "63. Larson 6., K, Island Xo. 10, Mar 22, "63. MoeJ. 0-. B, do Mav 19, "68. MTkkelsen 0., B, Jacinto, Miss.,' Aug. 10, "68. t Merchant A-, 6, Island Xo. 10, Bee. 25, 'SB. JUnrphy M_, 6, Cairo, Sept T, "63. Norman P., A, Bowhng Green, Xov. 22, "SB. Kelson A., B, Winchester, Tenn., Aug. 4, "63. Nidtson J., C, Island Xo. 10. Jane 33, "82. Nielses H., C. Inks. Miss., Sept. 5, '62. Nielsen L . C, Chattanooga, Dec 3, "68. Nielsen John. B, Iuka, Miss., Aug. 31, '63. Niels .n H-, G. Island No. 10, June 9, '63. XUsen Lara, H. Nashville, Feb. 25, '63. Nilson N-, K, Edgefield Junction, Xov. 15, '62. Mteon Brick, K, Louisville. April 9. '64. Xiison L, K, Fillmore Co., Minn.. Sept 16, '63. Olsen Michael, A, CMcago, July 2S, "68. Olsen Amnnd, A, NashvUle, July 27. '63. Opdahl J. S., B, Richmond, Va., Mar. 15. "«4. Olsen Ole M-, B, AndersonviUe, Jnly 11, 64. Olsen Michael. B, do Xov. 9, "64. Olson Xels, D, Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 28, "68. Olson Ole, Jr., D, do Sept. 3S, '62. Olson Knud. D, Chattanooga, Feb. 1, '64. Olson K-. E, Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 10, "oS. Olsen C, E. Nasbrille, Jan.14. "68. Oppen T. 0.. F. Columbus. Ky., Sept. 2, '$2. Olson T-. F. Murfreesboro,' March '-'.', 'm. Osgood j. D., 6, Island Xo. 10, June 35, '63. Olarsm H.. G, Columbus, Ky., April 3, '63. Olson L. H. do Sept. 9, '62. Olson A., I, Island Xo. 10, May 34, '62. Peterson H-, B, Chattanooga, June 11, '64. Peterson O., C, Murfreesboro, April 14, '62. Pedorson E., D, Portage dry, Wis., June 10, '68. Pederson H. , D, Columbus Ky., Sept. 23. *6S. Pederson Peder, D, NashvUle, Dec 6. "J2. Peterson B., B, Louisville, May 10, "64. Peterson Ole, 1st, I, Andersonville, Sept. 21, "64. IPetersen D., I, Kenesaw Mt., June 23, '64. Paulsen P. M., K, Richmond, Ta., March — , "64. Peterson S., K, Andersonrule, Sept 5, "64. Baste C, B, Island No. 10, May 2, '68. Bomsaas L#E, Chattanooga, Dec 1, "63. Bandberg O., P, Madison, Wis., Feb. 36, "68. Rnndberg O., F, Looisrille, Oct. 4, '68. Rasmussen A., K, Jeff. Barracks, Ang- 6, '63. Sampson T.. A, Island Xo. 10, May 83, '68. Sampson S.. A, do May 30, '62. Skjelde 0. X., B, do May 14, '62. Steensen Lais, C, LooisvUle, Xov. 9, '68. Sorensen P., C, NashviUe, Nov. IT, '63. Swenson B., C, Chattanooga, Xov. 39, "68. Sorensen O., D, Danville, Ky., Oct. 24, "62. Slier Jacob, F, Xashvffle. Xov. 30, '62. Syverson K., F, Island Xo. 10; April 10, "Si. Spiekerman W., F, do April 31, "63. Stents R., F, AndersonnUe, Jnly 3, '64. Setter J- L_, G, Island Xo. 10, Jane 19, "62. Slaaten X. X., H, Nashville, Feb. 14, "63. Thompson L., A, Island Xo. 10. May 7, '68. Tologsen L., D, Chattanooga, Dec 4, '63. Thomases L., E, Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 11, '62. Tjeraos Job, E. Mnrfreesfooro, May 1-7. '63. TauacksenT., P, Iuka, Miss-, Aug. 2*. ^2. Torstenson C, F, Loaisvule, Nov. 15. '62. Torgerson And., 1st, G, Island Xo. 10, May 17,'S2. Traan H. G., H, Bowling Green, Oct_. 5, '68. Thomasson L., H, Columbus, Ky., Nov. 3, '62. Thompson C. K, Jackson, Tenn., Oct. 23 "62. rmas Peter, B, Boiling Green, Oct. 19, "62. * Mortally wounded, May 27, "64. tAccident- ally killed by cannon. X Accidentally killed by Provost Guard. . % Killed by falling tree. Killed in Action 49 Died of Wounds S3 Died of Disease 217 Total 299 SIXTEENTH SESIJIEST, gTTXTro xs Aonox. 8. Sne, capt,, A. Shiloh, April 6, "63. A. T. Northrop, 1st R., F, Corinth, Oct. 3, '63. S. McXeely, 1st sgt-, A, Atlanta, Jaly ±2, *U. A. F. Hamuli, do F, do July 22. '64. J. H. Williams, sgt-, A, SMloh, April 6, o'2. C. Graves, do A, Atlanta, Jnly 2» "64. J. P. WHson, do C, Shiloh, April 6, "68. David Hewes, do C, Corinth, Oet. 3, TO. 1. P. Wills, do E, Shiloh, April 6, "68. J. L. Holeomb, do E, do April 6, '62. H. Babcoek, do H, do April 6, '68. T. O'Brien, do I, Atlanta, Jnly 22. '64. T. H. Morris. Corp., B, Shiloh, April 6, 152. P. S- Parole, do B, Atlanta, Jnly 21, '64. W. M. Taylor, do D, Shiloh, April 6, '68. A. Caldwell, do K, do April 6, "63. G. J. Sheldon, do B, Corinth, Oct. S. '62. O. Hngoboom, do E, Atlanta, Jaly 28, '64. I. V. Walker, do G, SMloh, April 6, "63. E. Cooper, do K, do April 6, "68. Adams W., C, Atlanta, Jaly 98, "64- Archer Wm.. G, Shiloh, April 6, '52. Austin Wm. 5. 1, do April 6, "63. Browning 0. H., G, do April 6, "63. BelknappL.B-,G,do April 6, "88. Bartlett W. W., G, Atlanta, Aag. 17, "64, Brainard L. E., I, On Miss. River, Ang. 10, "64. Cronk A., A, Atlanta, July 38, "64. Chapman B. L., E, do Jnly 22, "«. Carey H. B., F, SMloh, April 6, '68. [Coleman R. A., G, Atlanta, Jaly 31, "64. ! CliSord A., I, SMloh, April 6, "63. iClark W. A..K. do April6,'«2. Duckworth Joseph, C, Atlanta, Jaly 33, "64. Dimick Ira, K, Corinth, Oct. 3, "S3. Divan W., K. Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. K^jf. U. A., B, Atlanta, Jury 88, '64. Puller E_ C, B, do Jnly33,'64. Francisco C. H., 6, SMloh, April 6, '68. Gundlaeh P., K, Attanfc. Jnly 31, '64. Glass John K..K, do Jaly28,"64. Home Cyrus B., A, Shiloh, Ap. 6, "63. Holton Henry, C, do Ap. 6, "62. Harrington, A., D, do Ap. 6, "62. Hannegan J. L_, G, do Ap. 6, '63. Herrick O., H, do Ap. 6, "68. Hasains G. H., H, do Ap. 6, «8. Hodge C.,H, do Ap. 6, "62. Hennesey John, H, do Ap. 6, "68. Hurlbut J- C, K, Atlanta, Jaly 28, "64. Lonuson H. G., B, do Jaly 31, "64. Lincoln George, H, Shiloh, Ap. 6, '63. Morse A., F, do Ap. 6, "68. MeNownJoha,F, do Ap. 6, '62. MMMwiy Thomas, K, do Ap. 6, '68. Pringle Andrew, B, Atlanta, Jaly 38, <64. Post Garrett O..C, SMloh, Ap. 6, "68. Perry N. A^ B. do Ap. 6, '68. Prevey P., F, do Ap. 6, '63. Bobbins James; B, Atlanta, Jury 22, '64. 1084 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Roberts Robert D., C, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Rider Erwin, E, Shiloh, Ap. 6, '62. Riley Z. C, G, Atlanta, July 22, '64. Swinger George C, C, Corinth, Oct. 8. '62.' Stoddard Asa M., B, Atlanta, July 21, '64. Stilson Lyman, T, Shiloh, Ap. 6, '62. Stilman George E., H, Atlanta, Jnly 21, '64. Thomas Henry L., E, Shiloh, Ap. 6, '62. Thomas C, G, Atlanta, July 21, '6 Tuttle S... G, Goodrich, La., Sept. f Tousley S. A., K., Shiloh, Ap. 6, '6: Tousley.W. H., K, do Ap. 6, '6! Wright F. W., A, Atlanta, July 22 Wakeman R., A, do Aug. 28 Wollem August, D, Shiloh, Ap. 6, >' Welcome F. A., H, Atlanta, July 21, '64. . 30, '63. '64. ,'64. DIED OF WOUNDS. P. M. Hovey, capt., C, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 8, 64. 0. D. Pease, do D, Shiloh, Ap. 11, '62. C. Smith, 1st It., A, Keokuk, May 6, '62. C. H. Vail, do I, Shiloh, Ap. 7, '62. A. Webster, sgt., E, Keokuk, Ap. 20, '64. H. L. Stone, do E, Atlanta, July 28, '64. I. P. Sands, do E Marietta, Ga., Sept. 18, '64. A. D. Thompson, do H. Mound City, Ap. 20 '62. E. F. Winchester, do I, Corinth, Nov. 20, '63. E. D. Bradford, do K, do Oct. 3, '62. Fred. Marsh, Corp., A, Atlanta, Oct. 21, '64. T. Teed, do C, Providence, July 6, '63. N. Barnum, do G, Cincinnati, May 3, '62. G. J. Rashaw, do H, St. Louis, Ap. 16, '62. Wm. Tipping, do I, Corinth, Oct. 13, '62. O. J. Valentine, do K, Shiloh, Ap. 18, '64. Beck Jacob, E, Jackson, Jan. 28, '63. Bennett J. F., Hospital Boat, May 80, '62. Bucerhill George, I, Keokuk, May 12, '62. Camp G. M., A, Shiloh, Ap. 10, '62. "Charter J., A, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 19, '64. Eldridge J., A Mound City, An. 18, '62. Evenson E. S., B, St. Louis, ArT. 28, '62. Foster T., C, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 8, '64. . Fuller H., D, Milford, Wis., May 16, '62. Farrington M., D, St. Louis. Gleason G. W., K, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 8, '64. Houser John, B, Corinth, Oct. 7, '62. Hastings 0., B, Atlanta, July 24, '64. Harrington W. Jy C, Rome, Ga., July 21, '64. Huggins Hiram, F, Keokuk, May 7, '62. Howard H. C, I, Hazel Green, Wis., May 10, '6: Iverson O., I, Atlanta, July 22, '64. Lurch John, A, Hospital Boat, May 8, '62. Lloyd Silas, E, Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 5, '64. Long S., F, Cincinnati, , '62. Leigh R., H, do , '62. McMillan M C, do May 11, '62. Mauck C, G, Denmark, Tenn.,'Ap. 30, '62. Miley M., G, Marietta, Ga., Oct. 20, '64. Morgan E. J., H, Rome, Ga., July 24 '64. Murphy John, K, Keokuk, May 13, '62. Patterson James, A, St. Louis, May 4, '62. Powers Henry, B, Cincinnati, May 14, '62. Quiner J. C, B, Savannah, Tenn., Ap. 28, '62. Ryan M., E, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 13, '64. Raymond L., H, Savannah, Tenn., Ap. 18, '62. Starr E., E, Andersonville, Aug. 26, '64. Skeels George, H, Cincinnati, May 6, '62. Solomon John, I, St. Louis, May 17, '62. Walbridge W. P., A, do Ap. 21, '62. Wakeman L., A, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 17, '64. Warren A. V., B, do July 24, '64. WolfF., B, do Aug. 18, '64. Wright E., E, Atlanta, July 27, '64. Wooding M. F., I, Shiloh, Ap. 8, '62. Whipple P., K, Rome, Ga., June 15, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. A. Gallagher, capt., A, Vicksburg, Aug. 12, '62. H. D. Patch, do C, Corinth, June 22, '62. 0. Maurer, asst. sur., do June 25, '62. J. Lymburn, 1st It., F, Camp Den'son, Ap. 28, '62. W. D. Smith, h. stew., Cincinnati, May 14, '62. W. F. Hoisington, sgt., B, Corinth, June 5, '62. R. A. Douglas, do, C, Vicksburg, Aug. 22,'68. G.Williamson, do E, Lake Prov., July 31,'63. B. A. Dunbar, do E, Petersburg, May 8, '65. T. Price, do G, Providence, La. , July 19,'68. J. G. Durgin, Corp., A, Vicksburg, Aug. 26, '63. Edgar Rice,- do B, Pittsburg, Ten., Ap. 11,'62. A. H. Slattery, do B, In Field, Miss., May9, '62. C. V. Thomson, do B, Bridgeport, Nov. 4, '64. F. Rex, do C, Keokuk, July 15, '62. Henry Jones, do C, Corinth, Oct. 10, '62. H. Johnson, do D, Savannah, Feb. 16, '65. C. H. Visger, do E, Providence, July 11, '63. H. Dayton, do B, Vicksburg, Aug. 12, '63. R. Ferguson, do E, Wisconsin, Jan. 8, '64. D. M. Potter, do F, Turtle, Wis., Sept. 8, '64. W. H. H. Vosburg, do F, Newark, N. J., May8,'65. D. M. Kellogg, do H, St. Louis, July 10, '62. M. W. Lawton, do H, do May 18, '6*. C. T. Beach, do H, New York City, Feb.28,'65. John C. Long, do I, Keokuk, Oct. 15, '62. Wm. Brewer, do I, Providence, La., July81,'63. J. W. Munroe, do I, Wautoma, Aug. 15, '63. S. Gunther, do K, St. Louis, Aug. 21, '62. T. Wildman, do K, do Ap. 22, '62. John W. Cline, do K, Nashville, June 25, '64. John W. Ennis, do K, Hilton Head, Dec. 23, '64. Anthony R., D, Corinth, Aug. 9, '62. Allen Charles B, F, Mound City, April 28, '64. Ayres Charles A., K, Corinth, July 2, '62. Berry J. C, A, St. Louis, May 12 '62. Bowers H. G., A, Keokuk, Aug. 5, '62. Bagg H. M., A, Providence, La., June 10, '68. Bunker W. W., B, Keokuk, Sept. 80, '64. Bowman L. W., C, Pittsburg Landing, Mayl5,'62. Burton Aaron, C, do May 6, '62. Butterfieid B. S., C, Memphis, June 26, '63. Bronson Alfred O., E, Paducah, Ky., April 7, '62, Becker Emenzo F., E June 26, '62. Bassett Delos A., E, Corinth, Oct. 21, '62. Bernardy N., E, Providence, La., July 26, '63. Bader Wm., F, St. Louis, May 14, '62. Birdsall George, F, Corinth, July 1, '62. Brink F. E., F, do July 15, '62. Burdick Oscar, F, Louisville, June 18, '65. Burge John R. , G, Vicksburg, Aug. 12, '63. Beard John, G, do Aug. 14, '63. BrunnerM., G, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 5, '64. Brown John W., H, Memphis, March 23, '64. Benjamin H. N., H, Rome, Ga., Sept. 22, '64. Bliss Edmund A., I, St. Louis. Baker Joseph, I, Vicksburg, Aug. 17, 63. Cronk John, A, Corinth, -June 17, '62. Conrick W. J., "A., Providence, La., July 3, '63. Carter John, A, Rome, Ga., July 9, '64. Collins Patrick, B, Corinth, May 3, '62. Cross J. H., B, Madison, Wis., Jan. 14, '65. Cummings N. H., C, Corinth, June 13, '62. Clark David, C, do June 9, '62. Crawford T. B., E, St. Louis, May 14, '62. Chamberlin H. W., B, do May 21, '62. Crawford Wm., E Westfield, Wis., July 22, '62. Craig E., E, Providence La., Julyl, '63. Casler Charles A., E, Vicksburg, Aug. 9, '63. Clark G. A., F, Mound City, May 4, '64. SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 1085 Craig Darius, G, St. Louis, May 20, '62. Cooper G. D., G, Providence, La.. July 25, '62. Cathcart S., G, Memphis, Feb. 1, '64. Carroll Charles, H, Shiloh, May 6, '62. Chrisinger M. L., H., Philadelphia, May 11, '65. Cromwell Peter, H, Washington, May 27, '65. Cole Myron, I, St. Louis, July 15, '62. Cooper Wm., K, June IS, '62. Chapman Charles W., K, Corinth, July 20, '62. Chapman Lyman W., K, , Miss. Ap. 18 ,'62. Dart Charles. B, Mound City, April 26, '62. Davis John, B, Keokuk, April 22, '62. Dailey Wm., B, Chattanooga, June 24, '64. Drake S. H. , B, Rome, Ga. , Aug. 1, '64. Dupee Francis, B, Beaufort S. 0., Dec. 27, '64. Drake Martin, E, Corinth, Oct. SO, '62. Deau Samuel C, H, Chicago, Aug: 9, '64. Drew Isaiah, H, Oliver, Ga., Dec. 6, '64. DennjsouE. W., I, Corinth, Julyl, '62. Dunsphy W. W., I, Providence, La., July 7, '68. DenuareR., K, Chattanooga, July 2, '64. Devereaux D. M., K, Rome, Ga., Nov. 15, '61. Eames Walter J., A, Alexandria, Va., May 19,'65. Eastman George W., B, Mound City, , '62. Breret Francis, C, In the Field, Miss., May 8, '62. Blschen Adam, E, New Albany, May 25, '64. Evanson Abram, I, St. Louis. Evanson C, K, Madison, Wis., Jan. 8, '62. Felt G. R A, Providence, La., July 8, '63. Ferguson C., B, Madison, Wis., Jan. 20. '62. Filke A. W., C, Mound City, April 23, '62. Fowler B., C, Pocotaligo, S. C, Jan. 18, '65. Fuller Lyman, D, Corinth, June 20, '62. Fisk S. B., E, Pittsburg Landing, May 12, '62. Freiman Peter, E, Vicksburg, Aug. 6, '68, t Franklin V , G, Providence, La., Feb. 25, '63. Firmin B. W., H, May 5, '62. Franklin H., I, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 19, '65. Frost Fielder. I, do Jan. 25, '65. Griffin Lewis, C, Corinth, June 29, '62. Gates Albert, B, do Sept. 8, '62. Grary R., E, Providence, La., July 7, '63. Gardner Thomas, G, Corinth, Aug. 1, '62. Gatfield Israel, G, Providence, La., July 19, '68. Golather Stephen, G, Vicksburg, Aug. 21, '63. Goodwin James, I, Rome, Ga., July 21, '64. Goggin Wm., K, Monterey, Tenn., June 2, '62. Hawley Bodine, A, Red Bone, Miss., Nov. 19,'63. Halsey G., A, Lynch Creek, S. C, Feb. 27, '65. Hanchett H. J., C, Corinth, June 2, '62. Hampton J., A, do Aug. 15, '62. Hastings Wm., E, Shiloh, April 8, '62. Hastings Henry C, E, Shiloh, April 29, '62. Harwood J. W., E, in the Field, Miss., May 6, '62. Holt J., B, Providence, La., July 6, '68. Hottna H., E, do Aug. 5, '68. Howe W. F., F, Madison, Wis., April 30, '64. Heard Wm. C, F, do Jan. 10, '62. Haskins R , H, St. Louis. Hoyt A, B., H, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 19, '65. HeasleyJ. W.,H, do Feb. 12, '65. Hill H., H, Eau Claire, Wis. Hall R. B., H, Madison, Wis., Jan. 15, '62. Hortop Wm., H, do Feb. 10, '62. Hall O. D., I, Davenport, Iowa, June 10, '62. Hyde A., K, Camp Prentice, Miss., April 22, '62. Kilbourne C, A, Corinth, June 5, '62. Kizar H. N., B, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 11, '65. Knowles D., C, Pittsburg Landing, May 81, '62. Knapp W. O., C, Providence, La., July 7, '68. Kinney Asa P., D, Quincy, July 24, '62. Kelly D. O., B, Providence, La., Feb. 18, '63: Keng E., F, New York City, April 6, '65. Keithley E. M., I, Pittsburg Landing, May 8, '62. Kendall I. G., A, Madison, Wis., March 19, '62. LampmanO., K, Vicksburg, Aug. 16, '68. Lawton B., B, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 19, '64. Lockerby C. R., B, Wautoma, Wis., Nov. 22, '64. Lyman J., C, Vicksburg, Aug. 10, '63. Lyons J. M., E, Wisconsin, Oct. 10, '68. Lawrence S. H., F, Keokuk, July 29, '62. Love John, F, Atlanta, Oct. 28, '64. Lincoln I., I, Providence, La., July 27, '68. Moseley John, A, Shiloh, April 21, '62. McLeod A., Monterey, Tenn., May 1, '62. Moore John, A, do June 7, '62. McLeod I. N., A, do May 10, '62. McLeod M., A, St. Louis, May 27, '62. Milliken J. E., A, do Aug. 6, '62. Montaney N. G., B, in Field, Miss., May 30, '62. Montaney George, B, St. Louis, May 80, '62. Mather M. 11., C, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 4, '65. Merrill B. F,, D, Pocotaligo, S. C, Jan. 21, '65. Moore A. A., D, Bentonville, N. C, March 19,'6l McConnell W., E, Providence, La., Aug. 2, '63. McPheeters T. J., E, Corinth, June 12, '62. Miller Wm. S., F, Vicksburg, March 16, '64. Moore E. B., G, Goodrich, La., June 20, 163. Mc Vicar James D., G, Steamer, Oct. 19, '68. Newton AlvaE., C, St. Louis, Mo., May 20, '62. Nichols Thomas, D, Keokuk, July 5, '62. Northrop Wm. C., E, St. Louis, May 27, '62. Newcomb 0. R., E, Corinth, June 10, '62. Nooney Patrick, H, Vicksburg, March 11, '64. Nesbitt Noble, H, Marietta. Ga., Aug. 25, '64. Oliver N. B., C, Pittsburg Landing, May 21, '62. Otis A. A., D, Goldsboro, N. C, April 20, '65, Older Delos, E, Wisconsin, July 2, '62. O'Hare J., G, Providence, La., July 13, '63. Parker Wm. E., C, Shiloh, April 23, '62. Price Edward, C, Paducah, Ky., Aug. 6, '62. Parker J. R., New York City, April 4, '65. Preis A., E, Providence, La., June 24, '63. Preston Samuel, F, Chattanooga, Nov. 12, '64. Pray D., F, Madison, Ind., Jan 27, '65. Potts I., G, Hilton Head, S. 0., Feb. 18, '65. Penn Carl, I, Savannah, Tenn., April 18, '62. Pool George, I, St. -Louis, May 14, '62. Parks Henry, I, Vicksburg, Aug. 15, '68. Pirrie T,, I, Redbone, Miss., Nov. 26, '68. Pierce Wm. E., K, May2S, '62. Powers R. J., K, Corinth, July 9, '62. Roselle John, C, New York City, June 15, '65. Rickard G. E., Keokuk, July 22, '62. Redmond Patrick, G, Providence, July 22, '63. Reese David J., Marietta. Ga., Aug. 26, '64. SeversonL., B, Beaufort, S. C.Mayl, '65. Shampe Joseph, D, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 26, '64. Sparks G. W., D, Beaufort, S. C, Dec. 26, '64. Smith A., E.Wisconsin, Aug, 20, '68. Smith James J., E, Vicksburg, April 17, '64. Schofield E., F, New Albany, May 80, '64. Stock V., G, Vicksburg, Aug. 23, '68. Saunders R. W., I, Providence, La., June 18, '63. Stewart J., K, Nashville, Feb. 26, '65. Turner Orville, D, Corinth, June 4 '62. Tillotson Patrick P. D. , F, St. Louis,-May 21 '62. Tuttle Samuel, G, Goodrich, La., Sept. 80, '63. Tuttle S., G, Memphis, Feb. 9, '65. Townsend C. H., K, St. Louis, May 17, '62. Turner John W., K, do Trogner Joseph D., K, Cairo, May 5, '64. Van Cott S. , B, Rome, Ga. , Aug. 27, '64. Vankusen E. H., E, Shiloh, May 22, '62. Warren T. T., A, Dayton, Wis., Aug. 23 '62. Warner Lyman, C, St. Louis, May 22, '62. Warren Isaac, D, Corinth, June 18, '62. Wood J. C, E, Vicksburg. White Edwin, F, Corinth, July 18, '62. Winegar Wm., F, Keokuk, July 80, '62. Woods A. J., F, Cairo, April 22, '64. Wilcox W. A., Corinth, June 2, '62. Weise E., G, Providence, La., July 21, '63. Wildermuth H., G, Beaufort, S. C, Jan. 27, '65. Weston James L., H, Wisconsin/ Wicks F. E., H, Corinth, July 81, '62. Weston John A. , H, Evansville, Ind. Wilcox M. L., H, Rome, Ga., Aug. 28, '64. Williams James, I, Dalton, Ga. , Dec. 12, '64. Woodworth E. W., Eastpoint, Ga., Sept. 21, '64. Wilson James, K, May 23, '62. Wildman S. H., K, Madison, Wis., Jan. 15, '62. White J. A., K, Goldsboro, N. C, March 24, '65. Young Wm. C, H. St. LouiB. 1086 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. tKnospie C, Evansville, April 18, '62. tMaloney M., E, Providence, La., April 15, '63. % Robinson H. M. , I, do Aug. 6, '68. ?Written also " Schartier." + FaUing Tree. X Drowned. Killed in Action..,.. 75 Diedof Wounds 56 Died of Disease 285 Died of Accidents — 3 Total 869 SEVENTEENTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION-. J. Finley, sgt., B, Vicksburg May 19 '68. J. Dempsey, do B, Corinth, Oct. 3 '62. 0. M. Jameson, G, Atlanta, Aug. 8, '64. Armbruster V. , A, Big Shanty, Ga. , June 11, '64. Atkinson D., B, Lovejoy, Ga., Sept. 5, '64. Antoine Peter, K, Vicksburg, July 1, '63. Cronan C, C, Atlanta, Aug. 9, '64. Daniels Hiram, B, Vicksburg, June 8, '63. Dence 0 liver, F, do June 27, '63. Griffin John, H, Atlanta, Aug. 26, '64. Hans August, D, Vicksburg, June 15, '68. James E. F. , I, Brownsville, Miss., Sept. 28, '62. Laurie Hugh, B, Vicksburg, May 19, '6S. Loton John B., Atlanta, July 9, '64. Murphy John, A, do July 28, '64: Maguire Timothy, B, Vicksburg, April 28, '68. McElroy T., D, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. McMahon T. , K, Kenesaw Mt., Ga. , June 27, '64. O'Brien A., C, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Sheflield Alfred P., C, Atlanta, Aug. 13, '64. Williams J. C, I, Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 18,'64. Waupano Joseph, K, do June 25,'64. DIED OP WOUNDS. P. McCormick, sgt., F, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 6,'64, M. Sullivan, Corp., B, do Sept. 27, '64. Anderson Ole, C, Atlanta, Aug. 10, '64. Drake L. W., I, Wateree River, S. C, Feb. 23,'65. Flanders James F., H, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 27,'64. Holcomb Henry E, St. Louis, March 8, '63. Murphy M., D, Marietta, Ga. McLean Daniel, E, Vicksburg, May 25, '63. McMahon John, H, St. Louis, July 21, '63. Miller N., I, Atlanta, Aug. 80, '64. Otto Albert, I, do July 24, '64. Pattick B., E, Vicksburg, June 7, '68. Reilly John, G, Atlanta, Sept. 4, '24. Storm John, A, St. Louis, Jan 16, '63. Scanlan James, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. Thomas Otto, B, do May 19, '63. Voss Charles, D, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 20, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. Joseph Toner, sgt., B, May 22, '62. Michael Lyncn, do C, St. Louis, May 7, '63. B. O'Connor, do E, Vicksburg, Oct. 14, '63. P. Gallagher, do F, L. Providence, Jan. 8, '63. John Gurde, corp., B, Rome, Ga., July 7, '64. J. McFatter, do C, Goldsboro, N. C, Ap.'6,'65. Thomas Cain, do E, Mississippi, May 25, '62. A. L. Bates, do I, Mississippi, May 25, '62. C. Bennine, do I, Corinth, Sept. 15, '62. Aldrich A. L., A, New York, Sept. 18, '65. Ames Ira L., II, Corinth, June 15, '62. Brandhorst A., B, Memphis, Jan. 21, '68. Brasse H., B, Lake Providence, La., Mar. 8, '63. Bullman John, C, Corinth, Aug. 16, '62. Bailey Enoch L., E, do June 25, '62. Betaw Wm., E, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 24, '65. Buss P., E, do March 15, '65. Bray James, F, Vicksburg, Aug. 8, '63. Brouyette A., G, Mississippi, May 20, '62. Brisman A. , G, Mound City, Oct. 13, '62. Burgess N. A., H, Madison, Wis., April 6, '62. Baintling G., II, Raleigh, N. O., April 15, '65. Brown L., I, Corinth, May 9, '62. Briggs S., I, Corinth, May 1, '62. Brown J., I, Grand Junction, Tenn., Nov. 24, '62. Boyer Alfred S., I, Vicksburg, Nov. 18, '68. Barwick, S., I, Andersonville, Aug. 19, '64. Boyer W. H.,JC, Blair's L'd'g, S. 0., Mar. 29, — . Corbett James, A, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 11, '65. Campbell John, B, Beloit, Wis. Clagg Hosfleld, B, Rome, Ga., July 27, '64. Crawford John N., Madison, Wis., April 20, '64. CawleyJohn, D, Watertown, Wis., June 8, '62. Carrigan John, D, Corinth, July 22^ '62. Callaghan Thomas, Sr., E, do July 7, '62. Costello Patrick, E, St. Louis, , '62. Chute Thomas, E, Natchez, Aug. 2, '68. Carroll James, F, Corinth, June 9, '62. Couvillion Frank, G, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 9, '65. Oarmichael D., H, Lake Providence, May 6, '68. Close Jonathan; I, Mississippi, May 14, '62. Corn Peter, I, do May 24, '62. Clark Warren P., I, Vicksburg, July 17, '63. Conners James, I, do July 11, '68. Crame Howell, I, Rome, Ga., July 11, '64. Carter C. A., 1, Marietta, Ga., Sept, 17, '64. Dick S. H., A, Lake Providence, La., Ap. 8, '68. Danvild John, B, New York, Nov. 8, '64. Dougherty C, C, St. Louis, April 2, '62. Drum Patrick, C, Vicksburg, Dec. 20, '68. Dumpprope Henry, E, Corinth, June 28, '62. Dixon Wm., F, New York, April 29, '65. Deshalerid D., G, July SO, '62. Deligne Joseph, G, Steamer, July 10. '6S. Derrick V. J., G, Vicksburg, Aug. 21, '68. Dohel Silas, G, Natchez, Sept. 14, '68. Detrit Amand, G, do Sept. 28, '63. Drake George L., I, Rome Ga., July 25, '64. Eastman F., C, Atlanta, July 20, '64. Evans John M., I, Corinth, July 7, '62, Finck C, B, Andersonville, Sept. 22, '64. Frandler Joseph, D, Corinth, June 22, '62. Frahm John, D, do June 11, '62. Flannagan Thomas, B, St. Louis, , !62. Fairbanks Cyrus, F, New York, April 26, '65. Gallagher Hugh, B, Chicago. Gaffuey Thomas, B, Madison, Wis., April 5, '64. Gross Julius, D, Mississippi, June 1, '62. Greenwood Lewis, G, Wisconsin, April — , '64. Grignon C, K, New Albany, May 25, '64. ' Hastings Edward, A, Corinth, July 12, '62. Harrington P., A, Fayetteville, N. C, Mar. 15,'65, Hudson W., A, Goldsboro, N. C, April 8, '65. Hansburg F., D, Cairo, March 19, '64. Haling Delos T., D, do May 21, '64. Happe Jacob, D, Newbern, N. C, April 12, '65. Holcomb, Andrew, E, St. Louis, Feb. 27, '68. Hawley W. W., F, Corinth, July 5, '62. Howe Edmund, F, do July 8, '62. Hazelius Erick, F, Memphis, Aug. 24, '68. Harrington John, F, Janesville, March 25, '64. Hartman Jacob, F, Fort Monroe, May 14, '65. Herman Joseph, H, Corinth, July 6, '62. Hamblin Joel, H., do July 9, '62. Higgins M. W., I, do May 17, '62. Hannoms W. M., I, do July 14, '62. Hyer A., I, Alexandria, Va., May 22, '65. Holbrook J. W., I, Corinth, May 28, '65. Hause, Amos P., I, Kenesaw Mt., June 27, '64. Johnson Edwin, B, Mississippi, May 21, '62. Johnson Solomon, K, do May 27, '62. Jordan Thomas, K, Corinth, July 15, '62. Keyes Marcus, D, do Aug. 6, '62. EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 1087 Keele Charles, I, Grand Junction, Nov. 14, '62. Kaflka M., I, Alexandria, Va., June 25, '65. Kanasha John, K, Huntsville, Aug. 11, '64. Little Wm., D, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 12, '65. Larrevierre Joseph, F, Mississippi, May 17, '62. Lane B., F, New York, Jan. 10, '65. Lenk Charles, F, do April 28, '65. Lewis John, I, Corinth, July 81, '62. Lloyd Joseph, K, do Aug. 16, '62. McNeil J. B., A, do June 14, '62. McKenna Wm., B, Sept. 5, '64. McDermott James, C, Corinth, June 26, '62. McKenna Edward, C, Madison, Wis., June 4, '62. McDermott Wm., 0. Corinth, June 80, '62. McCuUoch Daniel, C, Vicksburg, Feb. 10, '64. McGee Thomas, D, do Aug. 27, '68. McCornville Daniel, E, Corinth, July 7, '62. MUke Gottfried, B, Newbern, N. C, April 1, '65. McNulty John, H, St. Louis, April 19, '62. McClure John, H, Corinth, July 2, '62. McCrary Hiram, I, St. Louis, May 1, '62. Metcalf, Z., I, Madison, Wis., March 27, '64. McClurg James, I, New York, May 19, '65. McHugh James, K, Corinth, June 15, '62. Selson Thomas, H, do July 5, '62. Nash Albert, I, do May 24. '62. O'Brien Terence, E, do June 24, '62. Osberg Paul, F, do June 30, '62. Ordman F., H, March 4, '65. OUver N., I, Madison, Wis., April 18, '64. Owery Henry, I, New York, April 18, '65. O'Hara, Patrick, K, Corinth, July 8, '62. Payne J., A, Pocotaligo, S. 0., Jan. 27, '65. PerrigoH., C, Rome, Ga., Oct., 27, '64. Paddleford S. S., D, Corinth, June 8, '62. Porter George W., E, do June 27, '62. PlumteauxS., F, ,'62. Purvis T., F, Andersonville, Aug. 22, '64. Pastil Joseph, G, Nashville, Nov. 19, '64. Power John, H, Madison, Wis., April 4, '62. Plum .Charles, H, Corinth, June 8, '62. Payne Samuel, I, St. Louis, May 6, '62. Page Harrison, K, Corinth, July 6, '62. Quirk J., D, St. Louis, April 2, '62. Quinney P. W., Marietta, Ga., Oct. 27, '64. Riley P., A, Beaufort, S. 0., Jan. 18, '65. Ridgeway W., A, Goldsboro, N. C, March 23,'65, Riesto Daniel, B, Georgia, Nov. 27, '64. Rearnon James, 0, Mississippi, May 16, '62. Ringwood James, D, St. Louis, June 26, '62. Rogers Michael, D, Natchez, Sept. 9, '63. Rief J., E, Near Averysboro, N. C, Mar. 17, '65. Reardon Patrick, F, Keokuk. Rousseau A., G, Mississippi, May 22, '62. Raich Oliver, G, Cairo, Aug. 19, '68. Rector Charles, K, Corinth, July 16, '62. Stainforth Thomas, A, Mississippi, May 80, '62. Seymour John, A, Corinth, July 10; '62. Smith Eewitt 0., A, Vicksburg, Nov. 2, '63. SteEFeson Michael, E, Corinth, May 28, '62. Smith Thomas, F, do June 15. '62. Sullivan J. F, Vicksburg, Jan. 13, '64. Schant John, G, do Aug. 18, '62. Steward Wm., G, Vicksburg Nov. 16, '68. Scott Walter P., H, Rome, Ga., Oct. 10, '64. Stautz Joseph, I, Savannah, Ga., Deo. 27, '64. Smith P. B., I, Nashville, March 2, '65. Sutherland Jas. T., I, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 15, '64. Stine Samuel, K, Corinth, June 15, '62. Stephens John, K, do July 19, '62. Selfer Martin, K, Feb. 25, '65. Tibbitts Hiram, A, Corinth, July 28, '62. Tappan George, F, do June 80, '62. Templeton L. C,, K, St. -Louis, May 27, '62. Wannamaker P, P., A, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 3, '65. Wolf Wm., B, St. Louis, June 5, '62. Wells Bernard, 0, Corinth, June 80, '62. Welch Thomas, 0, Corinth, June 80, '62. Weigler Andrew, D, do May 26, '62. Wright James, D, Vicksburg, Jan. 11, '64. Watson James P., H, St. Louis, July 4, '62. Winn 0. J., I, Jackson, Miss., Sept. 26, '63. Wiskens John, K, Vicksburg, April 9, '64. Yarm Wm., D, Corinth, June 22, '62. *Michael Mooney, Corp., F, Memphis, Jan 16, '68. tCharron Joseph, K, Athens, Ala. , May 16, '64. tDagenhart F., C, Madison, Wis., March — , '62. t Keshena J., Kingston, Ga. , Aug. 27, '64. Kitson J., K, Columbia, S. C, Feb. 18, '65. §Rossiter James, C, April 18, '63. * Frozen, t Railroad. X Burnt. § Drowned. Killed in action 22 Died of wounds 15 Died of disease 177 Diedof Accident 6 Total . EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. James S. Alban, col., Shiloh, April 6, '62. J. W. Crane, major, do April 6, '62. J. H. Compton, capt., G, do April 6, '62. R. Cronk, sgt., I, do April 6, '62. M. Gurnee, Corp., A, do April 6, '62. J. E. Field, do E, do April 6, '62. T. Laokey, do I, do April 6, '62. Anderson Lewis, I, Corinth, Oct. 8, '62. Bryant John P., B, do Oct. 8, '62. Bugby Lanson L. , D, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. Ballou Edward B., B., Sbiloh, April 6, '62. Carpenter J. M., B, Vicksburg, May 23, '63. Campbell George, D, Corinth, May 28, '62. Cotton Otis A., F, Shiloh, AprU 6, '62. Cook Morris C, I, do April 6, '62. Davis B. S., B, Jackson, Miss., May 14, '6: Gray George E, K, Jackson, Miss.. May 14, '68. Howe H. F., A, Champion Hills, Miss., May 16, '68. Hicks George, D, Shiloh, April 6, '62. Hillman G. W., I, do April 6, '62. 69 Johnson 0. E, F, AUatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, '64. Kettle William, I, Shiloh, April 6, '62. Lowth John, C, do April 6, '62. Merrill C. G., E. do April 6, '62. Mc Williams R. N., F, do April 6, '62. Mansfield S., H, do April 6, '62. Onderdonk H. W., do April 6, '62. Saxtou N. W., C, do April 6, '62. Singles J. H., O, AUatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, '64. Smith Alvin M., Vicksburg, May 22 '63. Shaver B. W., I, Shiloh, April 6, '62. Whitmore 0. A., A, do April 6, '62. Walker C. P., H, do April 6, '62. Walker J. H., K, Vicksburg, May 22, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. Wm. H. Alban, 1st It., G, Memphis, June 1, '68. 0. N. Plumme, sgt., F Nov1. 80, '62. J. M. Tolman, do H, Jackson, Miss., May 16, 63. Benta F., I, Corinth, Nov. 3, '62. Boyce A., I, AUatoona, Ga., Oct. 22, '64. Brockway O. H., K, Vicksburg. Coon Alvin M., G, April 17, '62. Downie Wm., C, St. Louis, Nov. 80, '62. 1088 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Elderkin N. S., G, Memphis, June 5, '63. Hartung F., F, Vicksburg, July 2, '63. JennerJ., A, do May 26, '68. Jenkins H. I., F June 14, '62. Kelly John, K, Jackson, Miss., May 20, '63. Leitch D., H, Stevenson, Ala., June — , '64. DIED OF DISEASE. A. Delamand, 2d It., G, Aug. 23, '62. T. H. Wallace, do H, June 7, '62. H. Hitchcock, hos. St., Nashville, Jan. 17, '65. Erastus Knox, sgt., A, St. Louis. John Farrell, do A, Vicksburg, Sept. 12, '63. Samuel Swan, do C, Feb. 23, '68. T. Tredwell, do C, Georgia. T. D. Goodwin, do H, May — , '62. Jos. L. Show, corp., B, Iuka, Miss., Oct. 21, '68 S. McMichael, do C, Macon, June 27, '62. J. B. Merrill, do C, NashviUe, July 23, '64. Henry Todd, do F, Wheeling, March 7, '65. Paul Vieau, G, do G, April 27, '62. F. E. Webster, do G, Chattanooga, Nov. 12, '62. Alfred B, Thomas, do H, May 26, '62, Eugene Gay, do H, Mound City, July 10, '62. Adair E., B Madison, Wis., Feb. 21, '64. Allen Levi E, C, Evansville, Ind. Andrews John, D, Vicksburg, Oct. 9, '68. Atwood Lowell, E, St. Louis, May 10, '62. Anderson A., F, Nashville, April 1, '65. Arneson Arne, G, Louisville, June 21, '65. Bowden Wm. , A, Corinth, Miss. Bailey Hiram E., B, St. Louis, May 20, '62. Barnhause Wm., Keokuk, June 20, '62. Brown Jesse, D, Vicksburg, Sept. 21, '63. Butterfield S. W., E, Huntsville, April 27, '64. Beckman B. E., F, Wheeling, March 9, '65. Bullis C. I., G, May 22, '62. Babcock F. , G, Providence, La., March 2, '63. Baker Nathan R. , H, March 9, '62. Bennett Sabens, 1, Vicksburg, Sept. 15, '63. Chase Wm. E., A, July 11, '62. Conklin John, B, Memphis, Jan. 22, '63. Chadeayne George, C, Cairo, Feb. 27, '64. Comstock A. L., D, Corinth, Aug. 11, '62. Carpenter Allen, E. Cole Henry H. , F, May 16, '62. Cooley C. H., F, July 15, '62. Comstock Wm. , F, Annapolis, Md. Carroll Owen, G, Keokuk, Oct. 3, '68. Cottrell W. S., H, Oct. 11, '62. Cary Wm., H, AUatoona, Ga., July IS, '64. Crittenden Thomas, K, June 14, '62. Caldwell B. C, K, St. Louis, Feb. 25, '62. Daniels Luman, A, Cincinnati. Death Michael J., B, Memphis, Nov. 11, '63. Day Travers, C, Keokuk, June 28, '62. Dustin John P., D, Wisconsin, May — , '62. Dwyer James, E. Dark George, E, Portsmouth, Nov. 28, '62. Doty Henry M, F, Madison, Wis. Devoe Peter, H. Diederick P. , H, Providence, La. , March 7, '63. Dale Samuel C, I, Louisville, July 5, '62. Dutcher Adam, K, Vicksburg, Aug. 24, '63. Everson Charles, I, May 19, '62. Ehtinger John A., I, Corinth, Aug. 11, '62. Farmer John A., B, Vicksburg, July 31, '63. Forsyth EUjah, C, Keokuk, June 21, '62. Fiske George P, E, April 27, '62. Felton Ambrose, F, May 16, '62 Felton Willard, F, Sept. SO, '62. Foster Enoch, H, May 29, '62. Field Stephen, H. Franklin L. H., Alexandria, Va., May 26, '65. FinleyT., K, July 28, '62. Goodall Henry J., A, July 15, '62. Golf John, B, Nashville, March 19, '64. Gander Joseph, C, Macon, Ga., July 21, '62. Gray John S., C, do Garrett N., C, Milliken's Bend, La., July 27, '63. Getter F., Jr., D, LarkinsviUe, Ala., Jan. 5,'63. Gillman Jacob, F, Baltimore, Jan. 28, '65. Granger Wm. G, Washington, Oct. 21 '62. Gilson Samuel, G, Memphis, Oct. 19, '63. Goodin T. D., St. Louis, May 16, '62. Gerald James L., K, Vicksburg, June 2, '62. Hall J., B, Pittsburg Landing, May 25, '62. Hall Henry, B, Huntsville, March 81. '64. Hunter Wm., C, May 21, '62. Hornby George J., D, Milwaukee, AprU 21, '62. Hill Oscar, D, St. Louis, Dec. 20, '62. Hess Wm. C, E, Wisconsin. Hill Caleb, E, Annapolis, April 19, '65. HuU Ezra, F, June 28, '62. Hartwell S. A., F, July 26, '62. Hyatt Frank H., F, Pittsburg. Hamm Eugene, F, Columbus, 0., March 19, '65. Hingley Samuel A., G. Halsted Orlando J., H. Hill J., H, Providence, La., March 26, '63. Hussman J., I, Newbern, N. C, March 12, '65. Hoag B. F., K, April 7, '62. Hopkins H. H., K, July 7. '62. Johnston B. W., C, Newbern, N. C, March 8, '65. Jackson Henry W. , G, Macon, Ga. Kisner John, A, St. Louis. Knapp R 0., B, do Dec. 16, '63. Roller John, F. Laurence Ira J., A. St. Louis. Loper Lorenzo C, F, Indiana. Lang Eugene W., F, May 25, '62. Larson Christian, G, April 26, '62. Lennan Michael, K, Dec. 21, '62. McClelland James, C, Washington, Nov. 80, '62. Merriam E. S., D, Grand June, Dec. 4, '62. Melvin George P., D, Memphis, Dec. 8, '63. Mitchell Delos W., D, Huntsville, April 8, '64. McHenry R. J., E, Washington, June 25, '65. Matthews C. F., F, Hamburg, Tenn., May 11,'62. Minckler Levi, F, June 16, '62. Morey Willard B., K, May 17, '62. Morey Gustavus, K, May 25, '62. Marsh S. J., K,Madison, Wis., March 12, '65. NorthamEHR., F, June 20, '62. Nathan John, F, Waiikau, Wis., March 19, '65. Post Ezra W., B, Corinth, May 80, '62. Perkins N. C, B, do June 19, '62. Price P., B, Providence, La., March 2, '68. Page L-, C, Steamer Imperial, May 4, '62. Powers Chester E., E, Nov. 15, '62. Pingree Gilman E., F, June 11, '62. Pearson John, F, Sept. 28, '62. Powers Luman, G. PlockerWm., H, Wisconsin. Phillips Burt S., H. Prothero D., K, Providence, La., March 5, '62. Randall E. A., E, May 29, '62. Rand Aaron E., E, Montgomery, June 9, '62. Rexford C. F., F, Sept. 11, '62. , Remington M., H, Keokuk, Aug. 2, '62. Sparks Elisha, B, St. Louis. Smith Paxson, A, Corinth, Miss. Scott Charles F., A, Memphis. Swift Jackson, A, Cairo, Jan. 20, '64. Schuter John, B, Louisville, June 15, '65. Starbuck Wm. P., C, Shiloh, April 27, '62. Shepherd N., C, Alexandria, Va., June 18, '65. Stewart Titus, G. Sawyer James, H. Sawyer James 0., H, Newburgh. Simmonds G. W., H, Wisconsin, Sept. 28, '68. Smith Wm., I, Steamer McDougal, Nov. 27, '63. Sagar Peter F., K, June 5, '62. Tiffany Levi, A. Tubbs L. D., A, Bridgeport, Ala., Aug. 11, '63. Thompson Wm. H., C, Corinth, July 6, '62. Tooker Orin, C, Huntsville, Ala. Taylor Isaac, C, Louisville, Juue 26, '65. Tucker Orin S . , E, July 24 '62. Tenny M. H., F, Wheeling, March 9, '65. Thurston Albert P., G. Tippen John, K, Bridgeport, Ala., Dec. 8, '68. Whitford D. W., A, Corinth, May 23, '62. NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 1089 Worley V., B, Pittsburg Landing, April 19, '62. Wright William, D, St. Louis, Dec. 18, '62. Waterman D., G, March 18, '62. Whitman Peter T, G. Woodworth R. P., H, May 21, '62. Wertney J. J., H, July 7, '62. Walker C. C, H, July 26, '62. Winans J. A., H. White Darwin B., H, St. Louis. Weist Melvin, I, Aug. 9, '62. Weisham M., K, Washington, May 29, '65. Killed in Action 37 Died of Wounds 14 Died of Disease 167 Total 218 NINETEENTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. P. Bennett, capt., B, Seven Pines, Oct. 27, '64. J. Wright, 1st It., H. do Oct. 27, '64. F. B, Palmer, sgt., A, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. M. Nolan, do E, Seven Pines, Oct. 27, 64. John Fuller, Corp., A, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. C. Murray, do C, do Oct. 27, '64. S. Richmond, do D, Drury's Bluff, May 16, '64. A. Waldref, do D, do May 16, '64. E. Ewing, do I, Seven Pines, Oct. 27, '64. AUen Charles, D, do Oct. 27, '64. Blanchard F. D., B, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. Cheek R., A, Petersburg, Aug. 7, '64. Coffin A., E, Drury's Bluff, Va., May 14, '64. Cassell A., E, Fair Oaks, Va., Oct. 27, '64. Green D., G, Seven Pines, Va., Oct. 27, '64. McDermott M., E, Drury's Bluff, May 14, '64. McPheders J. H., B, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. Reicherd Peter, 0, do Oct. 27, '64. Searles Sylvester A, Petersburg, June 29, '64. Stewart James, C, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. Stiles Charles S., C, do Oct. 27, '64. Steinke G., C, do Oct. 27, '64. Schwalbe Simon, C, do Oct. 27, '64. Sherwin B., D, Seven Pines, Oct. 27, '64. Shandt N., D, do Oct. 27, '64. Shattack John, E, Fair Oaks, Oct. 27, '64. Sly Henry, B, do Oct. 27, '64. Van Wie James, B, do Oct. 27, '64. Wrak Andrew, C, do Oct. 27, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. Thomas Elliott, sgt., E, Petersburg, Aug. 11, '64. Wm. S. Moscrip, do K, Fort Monroe. A. Rathbun, Corp., A, do Nov. 5, '64. Day Charles, A, Hampton, Va., June 16, '64. Hanes E., A, Portsmouth, Va., July 5, '64. MiUer Wm., A, Richmond, Va., Nov. 1, '64. Knowles J., E, do Dec. 18, '64. Mack John, K, Walthall, Va., June 7, '64. Sanborn Daniel, Jr., A, Annapolis, March 20, '65. Stevens M., C, Point Lookout, Md., June 12, '64. Stein C. F., F, do Oct. 5, '64. Shockley A., I, Fort Monroe, June 6, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. J. H. Nichols, chaplain, Washington, Jan. — , '63, T. J. Linton, ass. sur., Portsmouth, Sept. 20, '62. T. Charroin, 1st It., H, Richmond, Va., Ap. 30,'65, James Smith, sgt., A, Wisconsin, June 14, '65. A. P. Steese, do A, July 20, '64. Wm. Merrill, do B, Milwaukee, Feb. 4, '64. Hugh Clark, do E, David's Island, Sept. 27,'64. Henry Miller, do F, Norfolk, Jan. 81, '63. Peter Seuser, do F, Hampton, Dec. 10, '63. ( Wm. Maxwell, do H, Yorktown, Aug. 1, '63. E. P. Adams, do H, Hampton, Dec. 11, '64. A. A. Fuquay, do I, Yorktown, Sept. 7, '63. Solon Poland, do K.Hampton, Sept. 8, '68. Joseph Lewis, Corp., B, Portsmouth, Oct. S. '62. D. Houghton, do B, Madison, Wis., Ap. 4, '64. Jens Hansen, do B, Salisbury, N. C. Q. M. Whiteley, do C, Newbern, do Feb. 1S,'64. B. S. Daniels, Corp., D, Portsmouth, Sept. 10, '62. C. G. Harris, do E, Wisconsin, Oct. 25, '64. Richard Short, do E, Richmond, Maroh 7, '65. J. Seiberlich, do F, Fort Monroe, Oct. 8, '64. I. W. Vaughan, do G, do Nov. 16, '68. A. Phillips, do H, Newbern, N. C. L. A. Hendricks, do K, Newport News, Sept. 21,'63. Anderson G., B, Norfolk, July 16, '62. Alvarson Wm., D, Racine, March — , '62. Black W. B., B, Baltimore, July 22, '65. Blowers B. S., C, Point Lookout, July 29, '64. Bauer J., C, Fredericksburg, July 27, '65. Bohland F., F, Morehead City, N. C, Jan. 1,'64. Balser Wm., F, Annapolis, March 19, '65. Butler W., G, Point of Rocks, Va., July 23, '64. Butler B., H, Fort Monroe, Aug. 17, '63. Brown 0., II, Baltimore, April 20, '65. Bidwell Richard, K, Point of Rocks, Va. Casey John, A, Portsmouth,' Va., Feb. 26, '63. Cheney Alfred B., B, Yorktown, July 16, '68. Chrissen H,, B, Racine, ~, '62. Congor J., D, Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 19, '65. Callery H., E, Newbern, do Dec. 4, '63. Clause J., H, Portsmouth, Va., Nov. 29, '62. *Camel John, I, Avoca, Wis., Nov. 15, '64. Cook Charles E., K, Madison, Wis., May 15, '62. Dey Girard, D, Norfolk, Aug. 7, '62. Englehart Jacob, K, Fort Monroe, Oct. — , '68. Frost W., E, Point of Rocks, Jan. 19, '65. Ferris Ralph H., H, Portsmouth, Va., July 29,'68. Filkins S. A., H, Baltimore, April 13, '65. Fayerwether L. II., I, Point of Rocks, Feb. 8, '65. Giles L. A., B. Fort Monroe, Aug. 21, '68. Gilson C, D, Point of Rocks, Md., Feb. 8, '65. Garry Michael, K, Hampton, Sept. 15, '63. Goodnough Wm., H, Salisbury, Jan. 9, '65. Hobby Wm. D., A, Yorktown, July 81, '63. Horsch Wm., A, Hampton, July 29, '64. Holsey Frank, B, Hart, Minn., Nov. 22, '64. Hutohihs S., C, Alexandria, Va., July 17, '62. Hall Daniel, D, Hampton, Aug. 21, '63. Havens Silas, I, do Aug. 22, '63. Hood Walter, K, Madison, Wis. Johnson Ole M., B, Norfolk, July 29, '62. Johnson Niels, B, do , '62. Jones John A., I, Mifflin, Wis., June 25, '62. Kot'tinger John, C, Salisbury, Jan. 24, '65. Kline A., D, Hampton, Sept. 7, '68. Lord James, D, Yorktown, Aug. 1, '68. Mallon Jesse, A, Hampton, April 4, '64. Markee James, A, Portsmouth, Va., Oct. 12, 62. McPheter A., C, do Oct. 3, '62, Miller n. C, G, Madison, Wis., May 4 "62. Mathewson W. J. , H, Salisbury, Jan. 29, '65. McMillan O., I, Yorktown, Aug. 4, '63. KcNurlin John T., I, Norfolk, Aug. 7, '62. Miller Peter, K, Hampton, Oct. 7, '68. Neigenfind H., F, Point of Rocks, Md., Oct. 15,'64. Nixon Albert, K, Portsmouth, Va., March 26,'68 Osborn Gilbert, B, Richmond, Va. Pitts N. W., A, Salisbury, Jan. 16, '65. Pulver W. B., B, Portsmouth, Va., Sept. 1, '62. Pulk James R-, H, Hampton, Oct. 6, '63. Phelepps Adam, H, Newbern, N. C. Redmond P., D, Salisbury, Jan. 19, '65. ' Street Samuel, A, July .2, '64. 1090 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Savage Thomas, 0, Hampton, Feb. 1, '64. Smith George R., D, Newbern, Nov. 21, '68. Sears F., B, Portsmouth, Va., Dec. 16, '62. Scanlon John, E, Newbern, Jan. 15, '64. Spencer John, G, Fort Monroe, May 4, '64. Sprague James, Norfolk, July 3, '62. Skinner M. H., H, Pt. of Rocks, Md., Feb. 25, '65. Salmon Samuel, I, Yorktown, Aug. 16, '68. Sharp Newton, I, Portsmouth, Va., Aug. 25, '62, Tollerson Targe, B, Yorktown, Aug. 11, '63. Thompson N., B, Fort Monroe, May 8, '64. Van Wie R., E, White Creek, Wis., April 4, '65. Vaughan George W., G, Yorktown, Aug. 14, '63 Vanderhoof S. E., K, Wisconsin, May 23, '62. Van Cott J. M., K, Fort Monroe, June — , '64. Witting John, C, Salisbury, Jan. 19, '65. Weismann John, F, Fort Monroe, Oct. 16, '64. Worbes Julius, F, Norfolk, Aug. 29, '62. Wendehoff Sander, F, Madison, Wis. tWeynhoff T., F, Alexandria, Va., June 19, '62 Wilson Addison, G, Racine, May 16, '62. Waddell John H., I, Annapolis, March 19, '65. Wesenberg Albert, K, Newbern, Nov. 28, '68. Zurwes Jacob, F, Yorktown, Aug. 12, '68. * Suicide. t Drowned. Killed In Action •. . . . 9 Diedof Wounds 12 Died of Disease 107 Total 148 TWENTIETH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. J. McDermott, capt., C, Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, do dodo do dododo do do dododo dodo do dodo dododo do dodo do do do do do Dec. 7, Dec DecDec. 7; Dec. T. Dec. 7, Dec Dec. Dec Dec. 7 Dec. 7, Dec. T. Dec. 7; Dec. 1. Dec. 7, Dec. 7, Dec. 7, Dec. 7; Dec. 1. Dee. 7 Dec. t. T. Bintliff, 1st It., I, E. Dawes, 1st sgt., H, James Crawford, sgt., A, L. E. Teele, do A, M. E. Sexton, do B, S. F. Curtis, do B, Addison G. Hicks, Corp., ,F, Albert A. Cady, do F, B. S. Doudna, Wm. R. Warne, Jesse Hinkley, John G. Nichols, Willard Jacobs, F. H. Washburne. Robert Johnson, Bowen Stephen L., A, Buton August, E, Baker Willis, G, Chandler J. D., A, Corlis J. S., D, Callaghan Dennis, D, Dowes George W., A, Springfield, Mo., Jan. 8 Downing P. S., G, Prairie Grove, Ark., Dec. 7, Emerick P. F., G, . do Dec. 7, Huntsinger Peter, A, do Dec. 7, Howard James, H, do Dec. 7, Hall Lucius B, K, do Dec, Johnson George, G, do Dec Lei singer Charles, K, do Dec Muester Gottfried, E, do Dec Merrill M. E.,G, do Dec O'Kelly Perry, K, do Dec PierzfaU Xavier F., A, do Dec Parr John B., A, do Dec. 7. Peters John, B, do Dec. 7, Parland Alexander, I, do Dec. 7, Rice Frank, A, do Dec. 7, Riley Wm., A. do Dec. 7, Ramsey John N., E; do Dec. 7, Rickeraan George M., G, do Dec. 7 Steward James, F, do Dec. 7 ShUburn Hans, F, do Dec. 7 Shute Dexter B., H, do Dec. 7, Sullivan Dennis, K; do Dec. 7. Struthers Robert, K, do Dec. 7. Taylor Robert E., A, do Dec. 7. Truesdell George, K, do Dec. 7, Vesper Cyrus W-, I, do Dec. 7, Weston John H., A, do Dec. 7, Welshonce R. L., A, do Dec. 7, Williams J. H., A, Spanish Ft., Ala., Mar. 28, Wurm John, E, Prairie Grove, Ark., Dec. 7, Weigt Julius, E, do Dec. 7, Werlich Julius, E, do Dec. 7, Warden G. B., K, do Dec. T. -62, 65, Yakely Wm. A., B, Prairie Grove, Dec. 7, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. E. F. Stone, capt., B, Lakeport, La., April 1, '65, John Weber, do E, Fayetteville, Dec. 15, '62. G. W. Root, 1st It., H, Ripon, Wis., Feb. 8, '63. Joseph Frame, sgt., A, Dec. 22, '62. Henry Fazel, corp., B, FayetteviUe, Dec. 24, '62. J. P. Sargent, do H, Sept. 9 '63. J. Blackburn', do K, Fayetteville, Dec. 18, '62. Brown David, F, do Dec. 12, '62. Clark Norman B., C, do Dec. 27, '62. Cady Orvis P., F, Feb. 28, '63. Champney Elliott J.; G, Vicksburg, July 28, '68. Dumprope W., K, Fayetteville, Ark., Dec. 15, '62. Dobbret Charles, K, do Dec. 28, '62. Fischer L., E, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 7, '63. Hineman John, B, FayetteviUe, Jan. 20, '68. Hancock, W. J., D, Mobile, March 28, '65. Harper Abel, F, Fayetteville, Dec. 16, '62. Heering Charles, G, do Dec. 26, '62. Jenkins John, D do Dec. 26, '62. Kluge August, E, do Dec. 25, '62. Lowers Elias, C, Prairie Grove, Dec. 9, '62. Lightner James, F, FayetteviUe, Dec. 10, '62. Lafond Peter, F, Mobile, April 24, '65. La Fountain A., H, Fayetteville, Dec. 11, '62. Marsh Samuel, B, do Dec. 11, '62. Posey James B., A, March 29, '68.. Peyton S. W., I, FayetteviUe, Ark., Dec. 11, "" Remington H. S., D, Rice Joseph W., D, Smith James R., B, Standish N. L., B, Smith George W„ C, Schnasse Ernst, B, Schneider Frank, E do dodo do do do do Dec. 12, '62. Dec. 13, '62. Dec. 16, '62. Dec. 17, '62. Dec. 20, '62. April 20 ,'63. Dec. 18, '62. Volker F.. B, New Orleans, May 14, '65 Weiler Wm. H., H, Dec. 81, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. Douglas John A., qr. m., in the Field, Oct. 14,'62. W. Ewen, h. stew. , Brownsville, Tex., June 24,'64. L. R. Kay, 1st sgt., F Springfield, Nov. 19, '62. G. J. Williams, sgt., C, Brazos Sant., Aug. 7, '64. G. Robinson, do O, Springfield, Nov. 14, '62. A, T. Reed, do G, Lebanon, Mo., Sept. 29,'62. E. C. Boyd, do K, Fayetteville, Jan. 17, '68. R. Graham, Corp., Oj Springfield, Oct. 18, '62. W. H. Shipley, do C, do Nov. 9, '62. J. WatMns, do O, Carrollton, La., Sept. 8, '68. F. Weber, do E , Springfield, Mo. ,Nov. 80,'62. John Bell, F, do F, Wingville, Wis., Aug. 81,'62. G. W. Hart, do F, Springfield, Mo., Oct. 21, '62. J. F. Gaston, do F, Rolla, Mo., Nov. 15, '62. O. Barris, do F, Memphis, Aug. 28, '68. TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 1091 Alfred Burt, Corp., H, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 28 '68. E. A. Sprague, dp I, Navy Cove, Ala., Oct. 5, '64. Allen A., G, Brownsville, Texas, May 2, '64. AUen Wm. H. G, Rolla, Mo., Oct. 8, '62. Avert F., H, New Orleans, Aug. IS, '68. Brackett G. N., A, St. Louis, Sept. 24, '62. Bingham A., B New Orleans, Aug. 31. '63. Brown Hiram, C, Rolla, Mo., Sept. 27, '62. Binkert Joseph, D, St. Louis, March 17, '63. Butts Charles W., D, Cairo, Sept. 29. '64. Berg John, E, Brazos Santiago, Aug. 20, '64. Buton Albert, E, New Orleans, Sept. 6, '63. Bradway B., H, Springfield, Mo., April 6, '68. Beidler John H., I, Rolla, Oct. 10, '62. Bradley Bigelow, K, FayetteviUe, Jan. 4, '68. Crosby John H., A, New Orleans, March 7, '64. Cole S. F., A, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 9, '62. Cooper John W., B, do March 28, '63. Craig Henry, C, Brownsville, Texas, Dec. 27, '63. ?Carroll John, D, Mobile Point, Ala., Nov. 11 ,'64. ChappeU 0. D., F, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 18, 162. Catlin Warren, H, Rolla, Nov. 22, '62. Caylor D. H., I, Springfield, Mo., Oct. 28, '62. OUck Thomas, I, Carrollton, La.. Sept. 4, '68. Oornes C, K, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 12, '68. ?Delano Edgar C, D, Mobile Point, Sept. 16, '64. Dezotell Wm., E, Springfield, Mo., Jan. 9, '68. Dwyer Michael, G, do March 27, '68, Doty Levi, G, do Feb. 4, ?68. Dewing T., I, Port Hudson, La., July 81, '63. De Hart Ira B., I, Cairo, March 26, '64. Eastman L. D., F, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 16, '62. Edler Henry, K, do March 22, '68. Fletcher Austin, A, St Louis. FUnt George W., A, Springfield, Mo., May 12,'68. Freeman Orin, A, Memphis, Aug. 25, '68, Fruit John, B. Rolla, Sept. 16, '62. tFarley B. F., C, Galveston, July 8, '65. Fritz John, C, Springfield, Mo., Oct. 12, '62. Frees John W., B, Rolla, Feb. 8, '63 Gray D., A, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 27, '68. Gray W. T„ A, Steamer T. H. Scott, Nov. 8, '63. Gordon A. L., A, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 19, '62. GaymanE.,B do Dec. 19, '62. Gardner Darwin, G, do March 7, '68. Gillis John, K, do Feb. 8, '63. Hogan James, D, do April 8, '68. Hamann C, E, Fort Gaines, March 7, '65. Holmes B. T., F, Port Hudson, July 80, '68. Hackman H., F, Brazos Santiago, July 30, '68. Hartsberg A., H, Lake Springs, Mo., April 15,'68. Howard Lorenzo, H, New Orleans, Aug. 16, '64. Hendrickson John, H, do Nov. 8, '68. Huey Joseph, I, Fayetteville, Jan. 14, '63. Helm Lyman B., I, Fort Gaines, Nov. 26, '64. Hathaway D. T., K, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 19,'62. Hager E., K, Fort Gaines, Jan. 29, '65. Harkins Eli, K, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 7, '63. IvesWm., A, do Nov. 22, '62. Johnson Edward, D, do Oct. 8 '62. Johnson Lyman, G, do Dec. 14, '62. Kinney W. O., A, Crane Cr., Mo., Nov. 9, '62. Kuner Joseph, F, Fayetteville, Dec. 10, '62. Lawton W. D., A, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 22, '62. Lyon George, 0, Rolla, Sept. 27, '62. Lull W. Kv, C, Springfield, Mo., Dec. 11, '62. Lyon Gilbert, C, New Orleans, Jan. 25, '64. tLindsley B. B., G, Port Hudson, July 26, '63. Lyon Martin, H, New Orleans, Aug. 81, '63. Moon Joseph, B, Madison, Wis., Sept. — , '62. McDonald A. J., O, Carrollton, La>, Oct. 3 '68. JMueUer Wm., E, Steamer J. Hale, July 28, '64. Martin B. T., G, Cassville, Mo., Oct. 31, '62, Madare Frank, G, Springfield, Mo., Dec. 8, '62. Murray John, G, do Feb. 26, '63. Markham Charles, H, do Jan. 18, '68. Moon Wm., K, do March U, 68. Neher S. J., B, Madison, Wis., Sept, 12, '62. Norton R., C, Prairie Grove, Dec. 18, '62. Nolle B., F, Port Hudson, La., Aug. 11, '68. Nye Mellen, I, New Orleans, Aug. 16, '64. Olmsted S. M., K, do Nov. 23, '64. Poole D., B, Fayetteville, Ark., Jan. 9, '63. Powell John, C, Vicksburg, Aug. 18, '68. Phelps W. S., G, Springfield, Mo., Dec. 8, '62. Poole A. D., G, Brownsville, Texas, Dec. 18, '63. Randall T., A, Benton Barracks, Mo., Mar. 80,'68. Root Alonzo N., O, Rolla, Sept. 27, '62. Remain John B., D, Vicksburg, July 28, '68. Reynolds Robert, D, Rolla, Sept. 28, '62. Stevens James, B, do May 9, '68. Smith D., C, Springfield, Mo., Dec. 19, '62. Steindorf J., E, Port Hudson, La., July 31, '63. Schwandt August, New Orleans, May 27, '64. Shiberne A. J., Springfield, Mo., Oct. 13, '62. Sabalka John, H, do Aug. 29, '68. Sayles Darius, Jr., K, do Dec. 17, '62. Schmidt John C, St. Louis, Jan. 8, '63. Turnby Wm., A, Springfield, Mo. Turner Payne, B do Oct. 18, '62. Tyler John G., C, Rolla, Sept. 80, '62. Volker F., E, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 7, '68. Van Ansdell C, I, New Orleans, Jan. 2, '64. Wright E. N., 0, Carrollton, La., Sept. 8, '68. Ward Madison, C, do Sept. 29, '68. Watkins N. W., C, New Orleans. Dec. 1, '68. WettrothH., D, Vicksburg, Aug. 11, '63. Washburn Horace R., F, Rolla, Oct. 25, '62. Washburn B. F., F, Fayetteville, Feb. 25, '63. Ware Wm^, F, Fort Morgan, Ala., Sept. 6, '64. Wales T. H., H, Port Hudson, Aug. 8, '88. Weaver G. W., I, Brownsville, Tex., Dec. 11, '63. Wagner Lester, I, Vicksburg, July 19, '63. Warden A. J., K, Springfield, Mo., Dec. 29, '62. Young Richard M., H, Fayetteville, Jan. 80, '68. Zautner L., E, Trans. T. A. Scott, Nov. 8, '68. Zedekie Lewis, F, Vicksburg, Aug. 15, '63. Zimmerman Henry, I, do Aug. 8, '68. ?Shot — sentence General Court Martial. tKilled by accident. X Drowned. Killed in Action 57 Died of Wounds 86 Disease and other Causes 183 Total 226 TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. F. Schumacher, major, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. G. Bentley, capt., H, do Oct. 8, '62. E. T. Midgle'y, 1st It., H, Bentonville, Mar. 19,'65, D. W. Mitchell, 2d It., C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8,'62. E. T. Kirkland, 1st sgt., H, do Oct. 8/62. J>. Thurston, sgt., E, do Oct. 8, '62. W. H. Millard, Corp., C, do Oct. 8, '62. C. H. Jenson, do E, do Oct. 8, '62. C. Tunison, do F, do Oct. 8, '62. E. Edgerly, Corp., F, Chicspmauga, Sep, 20,'68. J. H. Dana, do I, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. W. Mosier, doK,, do Oct. 8, '62 Atridge T., K, Resaca, Ga., May 14, '64. Baldwin R. W., C, Chaplin Hills, Ky., Oct. 8, '62. Baker R.,D, do Oct. 8, '62. Bandrob Henry, E, do Oct. 8, '62 Boughton Myron, G, do Oct. S, '62! Bates Wm. H. , G, Kenesaw, Ga., June 21 '64. Bell Lewis N,, I, Resaca, Ga., May 14 '64. Boden Joseph, K, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. 1092 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Clausen Andrew, B, Resaca, Ga., May 14, '64. Coulson G. W., C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Clinton L. W., I, do Oct. 8, '62. Campbell G., K, do Oct. 8, '62. Dunn John, A, do Oct. 8, '62. Dudley Loren, B, do Oct. 9, '62. Dillet Wm,, E, Bentonville, N. 0., March 19 '65. Ellsworth N. H., C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Fink Henry, A, Atlanta, Aug. 23, '64. Flood John, E, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Fugleberg John, H. do Oct. 8, '62. Ginty Thomas, G, Resaca, May 14, '64. Hilton H. W., A, do May 14, '64. Herz H., D, Bentonville, March 19, '65. Hobbs A. B., F, Resaca, May 14, '64. Hilts G. A., H, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Johnson John, H, do Oct. 8, '62. Johnson W. W., I, do Oct. 8, '62. Kuder Charles, E, do Oct. 8, '62. Kennedy T. F, Kenesaw, Ga., June 18, '64. Kaane Gustav, K, Resaca, May 14, '64. Leechman F. , F, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. McKennan F., A, Resaca, May 14, '64. Munger Amos D., G, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Owen Wm., C, do Oct. 8 '62. Pillar James, B, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Puffer John W., E, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8 '62. Parsons Alfred, F, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Peters Wm., H, Dallas, Ga., June 29, '64. Ralph George W., C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Reader Wm., E, do Oct. 8, '62. Ranney Charles H., G, Resaca, May 14, '64. Robinson John, I, AUatoona, Ga., May 31, '64. Showers E. B., B, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Sykes Lewis H., D, Resaca, May 14, '64. Smith John, F, Chattahoochee, Ga., July 4, '64, Stanfield Wm., G, Resaca, May 14, '64. Subra John, H, Dallas, Ga., June 29, '64. Stallman John, K, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Turney B. L., D, Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 80,'62. Van Duzer A. 0., G, Chattahoochee, July 6, '64. Washburn E. C, A, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Worden G. 0., B Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '62. Williams T. E. C, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Wiggins L. E.rE, do Oct. 8, '62. Wight Wm. A., K, do Oct. 8, '62. Willard Milo, K, do Oct 8, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. H. M. Gibbs, capt., E, Oct. 15,' '62. H. W. Hubbell, sgt., A, Perryville, Oct. 16, '62. H. T. Britton, do C, do Oct. 12, '62. Wm. Fowler, do E, Sulphur Springs, Ky. R. C. Killips, do F, Nashville, Aug. 81 '64. E. Thompson, do Chattanooga, Sept. 23, '63. C. Bradish, Jr., do I, Oct. 15, '62. A. Sherwood, corp. A, Perryville, Oct. 16, '62. Blias L. Holt, do E, do Oct. 10, '62. Jacob Petrie, do F, Atlanta, Aug. 8, '64. Oscar B. Ware, do G, Feb. 28 '63. Bowles James A., A, Perryville, Ky., Oct. 9, '62. Bingham Alfred, C, do Oct. 19, '62. Craw F. M., A, Danville, Va., Nov. 5, '62. Cartwright Alvin S., G, Perryville, Oct. 10, '62. Cass C. R., G, Chickamauga, Oct. 18, '68. Dougherty C, F, Chattanooga, June 8, '64. Dunn Henry S., I, Oct. 24, '62. Fitch John F., K, Nashville, Oct. 24, '64. Ganoe James W. , G, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '63. Hoskina Miles, D, Atlanta, Aug. 9, '64. Hanson H. 0., G, Petryville, Ky., Oct. 11, '62. Jackman Monroe W., B, May 36, '64, Johnson H. C, E, Perryville, Nov. 6, '62. Kuhl Bendix, E, do Nov. 2, '62. Kellogg H. W., I, Nashville, June 22, '64. Lake Levi, C, Nov. 5 '62. Lewis E. G., F, Chattanooga, Oct. 11, '63. Londo Manuel, K, Field Hospital, Oct. 29, '62. Lenerville G., K, Burnt Hickory, Ga., June 4,'64. McDonald Duncan, A, Perryville, Oct. 9, '62. McCord Thomas, C, do Oct. 15, '62. Mann E., C, Chickamanga, Sept. 19, '68. Mulaney Thomas, 0, Resaca, May 23, '64. McCorkle N. A., K, Field Hospital, March 21,'65 Noyes Charles H., G, Nashville, Aug. IS, '64. Pendleton Jerome, I, New Albany, Jan. 29, '63. Pearson T. H., K, Held Hospital, May 16, '64. Raymond Sidney, B, Nov. 18, '62. Smith Thonias, A, Louisville, Feb. 4 '63. Smith A., F, Chattanooga, June 6, '64. Salverson II., H; Goldsboro, N. C, April 5, '65. Simpson George, I, do Oct. 20, '62. Smith John, K, Field Hospital, Ga., June 1, '64. Winkler James, G, Chickamauga, Sept. 19, '68. Wineman C, I, Springfield, Ky., Nov. 9, '62. Webb L. W., I, Perryville, Oct. 12, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. J. J. Carolin, sur. , Bowling Green, Nov, 4, '62. J. Jewett, Jr. , capt. , D, Mitchellsville, Nov. 21,'62. H. C. Taylor, 2d It., A, Charleston, Deo. 12, '64. W. H. Harding, 1st sgt., C.Anders'v'le, Sep. 12,'64. E. J. Scott, do D, do Aug. 14, '64. J. B. Lloyd, do E, Annapolis, Feb. 4, '64. James Trudell, do I, Stevenson, Sept. 24, '63. R. A. Peacock, do A, Murfreesboro, Feb. 9, '68. J. A. Jordan, sgt., B, Richmond, Va., Feb. 28, 64. T. Clark, do D, Murfreesboro, March 4, '68. M. H. Seaman, do D, Andersonville, Sept. 28, '64. C. Blount, do E, Nashville, Feb. 14, '68. L. D. Littlefield, do I, Mitchellsville, Nov. 21, '62. D. Greenman, do K, Andersonville, July 18, '64. M. Holmes, do K, Murfreesboro, April 12, '63. W. H. Brannum, Corp., A, do Mar. 19, '63. A. J. Pelton, do A, Andersonville, July 31, '64. John B. Kellet, do B, do July 27, '64. Amos Avery, do B, Nashville, Oct. 17, '68. Noble A. Blinn, do B, Bowling Green, Nov. 12,'62. W. G. Sherburne, do B, Nashville, Feb. 2, '63. G. A. Kilbourne, do C, Murfreesboro, Mar: 4, '63. Ceorge R. Nye, doD, Covington, Ky., Dec. 81 '62. Helmbold Bock, do E, Nashville, March 11, '68. G. F. Sampson, do E, Brothertown, March 6, '65. C. C. Currier, do F, Andersonville, Sept. 21,' 64. A. M. Smith, do G, do Oct. 10, '64 John W. Forest, do I, Nashville, Dec. 80, '62. AmosW. Hale, do I, Andersonville, Aug. 22, '64. C. D. Robinson, do I, Nashville, Feb. 17, '68. E. Borden, do K, Andersonville, Sept. 4, '64. Charles Smith, do K, Camp Chase, Nov. 15, '62. T. Sullivan, do K, Nashville, Jan. 28, '68. Armstrong H. H., A, Philadelphia, May 24, '64. Austin John T., Andersonville, Jan. 18, '64. Alden Charles F. O., B, Louisville, Nov. 10, '62. Antoine Louis, B, Keokuk, Feb. 22, '65. Abbott Alfred, D, AndersonviUe, Aug. 9, '64. Briggs A., A, Murfreesboro, May 16, '63; Blair Leon, A, Hospital. Brooks Alden S.-, B, Nashville, Dec. 23, '62. Barret John W., B, do Feb. 12, '63. Blasier David, C, BowUng Green, Nov. 9, '62. Bacheldor James, C, Andersonville, Sept. 12, '64. Baker W., D, MitchellsviUe, Tenn., Dec. 11, '62. Brown C. F., F, Murfreesboro, March 7, '63. Beadleston James, G, Louisville, Dec. 27, '62. Boyden Henry, G, Chattahooche, July 16, '64. Barnes Wm. R., I, Danville, Va., Feb. 22, '64. Babcock Edwin, K, Lookout Mt., Feb. 15, '64. Corey John B., Richmond, Va., Feb. 8, '63. Cummings S., A, Andersonville, July 14, '64. Cornley John, B, Murfreesboro, March 28, '68. Crittenden Aretus, B, Bowling Green, Ky, Cowan George P., B, Louisville, March 21, '64. Clark James, B, Danville, Va., March 24 '64. Comoc W., E, Richmond, Va., Feb. 1, '68. Christiansen D., E, New Holstein, April 25, '68. Clark 'J., F, Mitchellsville, Dec. 2, '62. Cook John W., H, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 22 '65. Chamberlain J. A., I, Andersonville, Oct. 25, '64. Dolan Oliver, A, Murfreesboro, Feb. 18, '68. Depas A., A, Andersonville, Sept. 12, '64. Dunn Alvin, B, Louisville, Oct. 29, '62. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 1093 Dillon Thomas, F, Stevenson, Sept. 18, '68. Dunham John M., G, Nashville, Jan. 11, '63. Douglas Charles A., G, Rural, Wis., April 12, '63. Denslow A. M., I, on the march, Ga., Deo. 5, '64. EvaUB John, G, Louisville, Feb. 8, '65. EhlingerP., K, Andersonville, Oct. 80, '64. Ford C. M., A, Taycheedah, Wis., March 19, '65 Foster Franklin F., I, Nashville, Deo. 27, '62. Geater George, E, do Dec. 80, '62. Ham E. B., B, Bowling Green, Nov. 22, '62. Hughes John W.,0, Murfreesboro, April 8, '68. Hitchcock John 0., E, Lebanon, Ky., Nov. 6, '62, Hammond Charles, F, Danville, Va., Feb. 20, '64 Hunting J., Blair's Landing, 8. O., March 8, '65. Hatch Marvin, F, Murfreesboro, Feb. 14, '63. Hale Daniel, F, Bowling Green, Nov. 11, '62. Hitchcock James, G, Mitchellsville, Dec. 18, '62. Hough Nathan, H, Nashville, Dec. 1, '62. Hungerford D., H, Murfreesboro, March 2 '63. Hamilton Wm. ,1, do March 8, '68. Harris Peter, I, Danville, Va., Feb. 28, '64. Hale C. A., I, Andersonville, April 22, '64. ?Hume Wm., K, Lebanon, Ky., Nov. 9 '62. Hopkins Charles, K, Louisville, Dec. 28, '62. Hickok Charles C, K, do. Dec. 28, '62. Houghton J. G., K, Murfreesboro, Feb. 11, '63. Hamblett Atwell J., K, do AprU 7, '68. HarriB Wm. H., K, Lookout Mt., May 2, '64. Henry James, K, Parkersburg, Va., March 29, '65. Johns A., D, Vining's Station, Ga., Aug. 6, '64. Jones Marcus, G, Danville, Va. , Jan. 14, '64. Johnson Lewis E., G, Murfreesboro, March 19,'6 Knossker R. M., B, Louisville, Nov. 16, '62. Knaggs Charles, B, Nashville, Oct. 11, '64. Knowles Henry, D, Andersonville, Oct. 11, '64. Koolsch F., E, Murfreesboro, March IS, '68. King Silas, G, do Feb. 28, '68. Knapp Charles, I, Bowling Green, Nov. 25, '62. Kohnke John, I, Nashville, May 7, '68. Kellner Michael, K, do Nov. 10, '62. LoewenhagenJ.., E, Marietta, Ga., July 18, '64. Ladd M. E., I, Louisville, Nov. 39, '62. Miller Nelson, B, Mitchellsville, Nov. 24, '62. Mularkey Charles, B, Andersonville, Nov. 8, '64, Morris B. J., C, Murfreesboro, March 15, '63. Madder Charles, D, Keokuk, Oct. 18, '64. Manser George, D, Murfreesboro, Feb. 15, '68. MiUer Frederick, D Nashville, Sept. 14 '64. Munster John, E, Murfreesboro, March 7, '63. Miller Henry, E, Madison, WiB., Feb. 6, '64. McKnight Walter, F, New Albany, Dec. 12, '62. Morgan Merrick, F, Nashville, Jan. 11, '63. Morris Wm, K, Savannah, Ga. , Jan. 20, '65. Newell B., D, Mitchellsville, Nov. 19, '62. Nye Wm. B., D, Murfreesboro, Feb. 4, '63. Niles Simoon B., G,' Mitchellsville, Nov. 14, '62. Noyes Alvah H., G, Murfreesboro, Jan. 25, '63. Orando Moses, A, Andersonville, Nov. 8, '64. Oram John, H, Murfreesboro, April 28, '63. O'Brien Edward, I, Nashville, Dec. 6, '68. Patterson Jacob, A, Andersonville, Sept. 18, '64. Peebles David W., D,- Nashville, , '63. Pearson Foster, D, Murfreesboro, March 18, '63. Pearse R. A., D, Mitchellsville, Nov. 22, '62. Powell B., H, Bowling Green, Nov. 10, '62. Prouty Warren 0., 1,-Nashville, Feb. 14, '68. Powell John, K, Murfreesboro, March 24, '63. Russell Roland F., A, Louisville; Jan. 18, '63. Rinds M. O., A, Andersonville, Sept. 9, '64. tRyan Patrick.B, Nashville, Aug. 6, '63. Ripley Smith, B, do May 5, '63. Russell Willard A., B, Murfreesboro, Feb. 27, '68. Rodgers F. M,, O, Nolinsville, Tenn., Dec. 30,'68. Boberts Robert, C, Madison, Wis., Dec. 8, '64. Roberts B. G., 0, Bowling Green, Dec. 6, '62. Ramon1 Asmus, E, Murfreesboro, Jan. 19, '63. Rousch Andrew, F, Andersonville, Jan. 16, '64. Robertson Finley O., G, Nashville, Feb. 1, '68. Ranney Homer C, I, Lebanon, Ky., Nov. i2, '62. Reed George, I, Andersonville, July 25, '64. Stacey Dwight, B., Dallas, Ga., June 14, '64. Smothers St. Clair F., B, Savannah, June 27, '65. Stever Wm. R., 0, Chattanooga, May23, '64. Simpson Thomas, D, Nashville, Jan. 19, '63. Somerset Peter, D, Madison, Wis., Jan. 19, '64. Sweetser John W., D, Nashville, Jan. 28, '68. Smith Jerome, G, Springfield, Ky., Nov. 26, '62. Shultz Christian, I, Louisville, Nov. 29, '62. Sand John, K, Mitchellsville, Nov. 25, '62. Sartell John D., K, Bowling Green, Jan 20, '63. Soper Amos J. , K, Andersonville, July 18, '64. Tipler John, B, Camp Chase, 0., Feb. 6, '68. Thompson H., Bowling Green, Ky. Turner Charles H., 0, do Dec. 1, '62. Turney S. W., D, Andersonville, June 18, '64. Togan Rufus, E, Murfreesboro, Feb. 19, '68. Tarns Jorgan, E, do Jan. 22, '63. Van De Bogart H., D, do Jnne 21, '63. Van Vorst Asa, G, Nashville, Jan. 21, '63. Vining Thomas F., I, Camp Chase, Feb. 6, '63. Walker Luke, B, Murfreesboro, Jan. 17, '63. White Mitchell, B, Lookout Mt., March 25, '64. Williams David J., C, Mitchellsville, Nov. 19, '62. Wiggins Martin, E, Murfreesboro, Jan. 29, '68. Woolet Thomas, E, do Feb. 7, '68. Watson Isaac T., G, Nashville, April 9, '64. Waller Samuel B., G, Andersonville, June 7, '64. Winchester George, I, do June 26, '64. ? Committed suicide, t Killed accidentally. Killed in action 67 Died of wounds 47 Died of disease 172 Total 286 TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. A. 0. Warner, sgt., E, Atlanta, Aug. 20, '64. J. L. Reed, do H, Lost Mt., Ga., June 16,'64. T. P. Kavanaugh, Corp., N. Hope Ch., May85,'64, J. B. Harvey, Corp., E, Kenesaw Mt., June 18,'64, A. Walker, do E, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. C. L. Ord, do F, Resaca, May 15, '64. H. M. Fleck, do G, Thompson's St., March 5,'68, J. D. H. Wright, do H, Resaca, May 15, '64. Z. P. Davis, do K, do May 15, '64. John Deholt, do K, Thompson's St., March 5, '68. Anderson G., G, Peach Tree Cr., Ga., July 20, '64. Burns Michael, 0, Kenesaw Mt., June 28, '64. Congdon John R., D, do June 22, '64. Churchill Urias, K, Resaca, May 15, '64. Dickinson G. V., A, Resaca, May 15, '64. Dayton John S., C, Atlanta, Aug. IS, '64. Davis Edward L., F, Golgotha, Ga. , June 16. '64. Drought J. W., H, Tullahoma, Tenn., Dec. 28'68. Fuhr W., D, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Gould Nathan C, G, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Gray -Timothy, G, Resaca, May 15, '64. Ingersoll J. N., H, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Jackson John, B, do July 20, '64. Jatobs George W., D, Tullahoma, Dec. 28, '63/ King Solomon R. , E, Resaca, May 15, '64. Morrison T., D, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Madama Wm., H, do July 20 '64, McCanless Wm., H, Resaca, May 15, '64. ' Reima Michael, G, do May 15, '64. Roby Hazzard, K, do May 15, '64. 1094" WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Smith Walter, E, Dallas, Ga., May 26, '64. Tallman Alexis W.,1, Lost Mt.: Ga., June 16,'64, Weiskoff Peter, D, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. Watt Fariin E., G Atlanta, Aug. 4, '64. Yout George W., A, Resaca, May 16, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. M. W. Patton, capt., I, Resaca, May 18, '64. David Flint, 2d It., H, Chattanooga, May 27, '64. James Hines, sgt. major, March 10, '63. A. Anderson, sgt., B, March 28, '68. John D. Morgan, do F, Nashville, March 26, Theron Aiken, Corp., 0, Chattanooga, May 80, '64. M. L. Cunningham, do G, do June 7, '64. F. Nelson, do H, Jeffersonville, June 14, '64. John G. Cramer, do K, Kenesaw Mt. , July 1, '64. Bose Edward C, A, Resaca, May 2S, '64. Braithwaite 0. B., A, Chattanooga, July 28, '64. Bullis Arad, I, Kingston, Ga., June 26, '64, Erickson Ole, G, Nashville, July 14, '64. Fellows Amos 0., O, Kingston, June 19, '64. Foreman J. B., Sr., F, Resaca, May 19, '64. Griffin James, D, Chattanooga, July 80, '64. Goodwin Thomas, H, do July 12, '64, Hanson Theodore, F, Aug. 81, '64. Hanson Bennett, K, Chattanooga, Aug. 8, '64. Hale Francis M. , K, Resaca, June 2, '64. Helmer August, G, Louisville, July 4, '64. Jackson John J. 0., F, Nashville, July 29, '64. Lapp Charles, I, Chattanooga, Aug. 11, '64. Lund Jacob, I, Columbia, March 11, '63. Mersen Martin, E, Chattanooga, June 12, '64. Northway C. L., A, Div. Hosp., Aug. 1 '64. Rust John F., C, Chattanooga, July 8, '64. Rowley John D., D, Franklin, Tenn., Mar. 24, '68. Roberts R. G., F, Big Shanty, Ga., June 24 '64. Rambault G. , I, Columbia, Tenn. , March 25, '68. Tessin F., A, Div. Hosp., Aug. 12, '64. Wooding Levi S., K, Resaca, May 19, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. G. Goodrich, capt., H, Caledonia, Ap. 15, '68. J. E, Holmes, qr. m., Annapolis, June 8 '68. E, K. Newman, 2d It., K, Nicholasv'le, Dec.25, '6! E. Fellows, 1st sgt., C, Murfreesboro,, Aug. 19'6: D. P. Clark, sgt., A, Nicholasville, Dec. 15, '62 K. G. McMillen, do 0, Burkville, Va., Ap. 7, '61 A. C. Moore, do E, NashviUe, Feb. 15, '65. James E. House, do I, Danville, Ky., Jan. 16, '6! A. L. Northrup, Corp., F, NashviUe, Feb. 24 >68, E. Aldinger, do G, Lexington, Dec. 28. '62. J. B. Murphy, do H, Danville, Feb. 4, '68. E. A. Goddard, do I, Lexington, Feb. 10, '68. John H. Berry do K, Libby Prison, April 8, '6! Aiken James, C, Murfreesboro, Feb, 28, '64. Allen D. T., C, Jeffersonville, Nov. 8, '64. Avery T., D, Nicholasville, Nov. — , 62. Ayers W. S., D, Danville, Feb. 11, '68. Alcott Burritt, E, Nashville, May 12. '68. . Allen Gideon, G., G, Danville, Jan. 20 '68. Adair Mathias, G, do Jan. 21, '68. Allen Wm. J., H, Covington, Ky., Feb. 8, '65. Austin E. W., K, NashviUe, May 2, '68. Austin Seth, K, Louisville. Butterfield Albert, A, Nashville, April 6, '64. Bibbins Adney F., B, Danville, Jan. 2, '68. Baker Richard T., F, Nashville, Feb. 16, '68. Babcock C, Murfreesboro, March 7, '64, Balch E. W., I, Lexington, Ky.. Jan. 1, '68. Baker F., K, Annapolis, April 28, '68. Bradshaw C. W., K, do April 25, '68. Clark Jerome E,, A, Nicholasville, Dec. 2 '62. Connell Henry, A, do Deo. 17, '62. Cadweil E. D., A, Chattanooga, June 22, '64. Cullen Martin, B, Lexington, Jan. 1, '68. Crane P. S., 0, Danville, Jan. 24, '68. Cornue Albert, O, Lexington, Jan. 26, '68. Clark George E, D, Danville, Jan. 6, '68. Coburn George, D Nashville, March 10, '64. Classett Peter J., E, Danville, March 2, '68. Crawford Samuel, E, Nashville, Feb. 18 '68. Oanfleld W., H. P., G, Danville, Dec. 27, '62. Coote Henry, H, do Carpenter Samuel, I, do Jan. 14, .'68. Cadman Wm. F, I, do Feb. 25, '68. De Garrls T., A, Columbia, Tenn., April 4, '68. Demraing Wm. H., 0, Nicholasville, Dec. 7, '62. Davison Thomas J., Danville, Feb. 15, '68. Davis Edwin F., D, Louisville, July 21, '64. Downs F. E,, E, Brentwood, Tenn., March 1, '68, Daniels Harrison, F, NashviUe, March 16, '64. Divan Wm. A., G, Danville, Jan. 17, '68. Damon Samuel, G, do Jan. 12, '68. Doud C. P., I, do Feb. 7. '68, Doud Milo P., I, do Jan. 12, '68. Danabaugh 0., K, St. Louis, May 9, '68. Ellis Calvin G., 0, Nashville, March 5, '68. Enderson Ole, G, Nicholasville, Dec. 24, '62. Everett Wm., I, Danville, Jan. 17, '68. Fitch H. W., E, do Jan. 4, '68. Foley ,i mni's, E, Atlanta, Oct. 2, '64. Gradell Daniel, G, Danville, Jan. 9, '68. Grimm A., H, Nicholasville, Jan. 1, '68. Gould S., K, Indianapolis, Oct. 19, '64. Haskell J., B, Nicholasville, Dec, 22, '63. Harwood George W., B, Danville, Jan, 20, '08. 1-Iackett Joseph, B, Annapolis, April 23, '68. Hall Willard M., D, Danville, Jan. 8, '68. Harper Robert W., E, Nashville, March 9, '68, Howard H. D., F, Murfreesboro, Feb. 8, '64. Horton Ezra S.,F, Annapolis, April 18, '68. Hunt Wm. J., Lexington, , '68. Halverson Halver, Danville, Feb. 9, '68., Hanson Christian, I, Nashville, March 6, '68, Ingham Hamilton, 0, do March 7, '68. Irish T. F., H, Danville, Jan. 2, '68. Jennings Buel. A, Nicholasville, Dec. 8, '68. Jones Joseph A., E, do Dec. 26, '62. Jones Owen R..F, Lynchburg, April 6, '68. Jones Samuel, F, Danville, Jan. 16, '68. Jackson Jesse D., G, Nashville, March 15, '64. Jenson Carl, I, St. Louis, March 25,. '68. Jones Wm. 0., K, Annapolis, April 24, '68. Knight Paul, E, Danville, Feb. 18, '68. Kittinger F., Murfreesboro, Sept. 28, '68. Lindsay A., E, do July 20, '68. Lytle Abram, H, Danville, Jan, 17, '68. Law Jonathan, H, Annapolis, April 28, '68. Landgraff Julius, Chattanooga, May 19, '64. Lundsgard A., H, Nicholasville, Dec. 16, '62. Miller John G., A, Danville, Dec. 80, '62. Morgan B. F., C, Nashville, March 17, '68. Millard Maxon P., C, Chattanooga, July 22, '64. McOay G. W., E, Sandersviiie, Ky., Nov. 16, '62. Macomber 0. H., E, Nicholasville, Jan. 9, '68. Morris David, Nashville, March 2, '64. Moore James S., G, Louisville, July 2, '68. Madson Peter, H, AnnapoliB, April 11, '68. McOonnell John, H, Danville, Jan. 11, '68. McIIuron G., H., Mt. Pleasant, Wis., Aug. 28, '68, Merlcal J., I, Turner's Ferry, Ga., Aug. 80, 64. Morris Robert, K, Paducah, Feb. 14, '08. Nelson Edward, G, Nashville, June 10, '64. Nobles M., H, Sandersviiie, Ky., Nov. 10, '62. Nicholas Albert, I, Annapolis, April 18, '68. Oleson John, B, Danville, Jan. 80, '68. Osborn Chauncey, Jr., E, Atlanta, Oct. 20, '64. Pierce Marshall, A, Nicholasville, Dec. 17, '62. Pierce Fi-ankliu S., 0, Nashville, June 29, '64. Parker H., D, Brentwood, Tenn., Feb. 25, '68. Purdy George, Nicholasville, Nov. 18, '68. Patterson Wm., Jr., E, NashviUe, March 5, '68. Phelps George, H, Murfreesboro, Feb. 22, '64. Parker Wm. P., I, Danville, Dec. 24, '62. Roberts Wm. A., A, Chattanooga, July 26, '64. Rennie Robert, A, do Oct. 26, '64 Rogers Joshua F. , 0, Danville, Jan. 28, '68, Ross Martin F., 0, do Feb. 1, '68. Rouse Anthony D., 0, Nashville, Aug. 15, '64. Russell Robert, D, Annapolis, April 20, '68. , Reynolds Eber, E, do April 12, '68. Ransom George 0., G, Louisville, Feb. 23, '64. TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 1095 Rombault Victor, I, Danville, Feb. 8, '63. Steadman H. R., A, Nicholasville, Dee. 12, '62. Sohafer Christian, A, Brentwood, Feb. 28. '68. Spoor Wallaoe, 0, Nashville, Feb. 18, '68. Stewart Arthur, Columbus, 0., May 6, '63. Siperley Reuben H., DanvUle, Feb. 11, '63. Sowles Lucius H., G, do MarohlO, '68. Sue Daniel M. G, Chattanooga, July 14, '64. Shuck N., H, Nicholasville, Dec. 2 '62. Schrltzmeyer John, H, Nashville, April 20, '68, Smith Philip, H, Nicholasville, Deo. 16, '62. Stacks Moses A., H, Nashville, Maroh 9, '68. Salvorsen Peter, H, Annapolis, May 8, '68. Stewart Hugh, H, Danville, Dec. 22, '62. Smiley J. A., HJLexington, Nov. 14, '62. Schlagheck H., H, Annapolis, April 16, '68. Secrest George, I, Danville, Dec. 24, '62. Sherman Palmer, I, Nashville, Feb. lu, '68. Smith Albert 0, 1, do April 23, '68. Swan Uichar.1, K, Louisville, Jan. 2, '68. Stahlnlcker James W., K, Lexington, Ky. Slatei- Wm. H., Danville, Ky., Jan. 16, '63. Teague John, B, Beloit, Wis., May 20, '63. Thomas T. W., F, Chattanooga, June 4, '64. • Woolsey F. E., A, Cincinnati, Oct. 9, '62. ?Wachter J., B, Cumberland R., Tenn., Feb. 2,'63. Walton John 0., 0, NicholasvUle, Dec. 28, '62. Wood Henry, D, Danville, Nov. — , '62. Whilden Robert, D, Annapolis, May 8, '68. Wood George W.,D, do May 1, '68. Warner Oscar W., E, Danville, Feb. 7, '68. WllUams Richard, Jr., F, do Jan. 1, '68. Worley Aaron, G, do Dec. 21, '62. Wyatt Wm., H, Nicholasville, Dec. 22, '62. Wood B. S., H, Danville, Jan. 9, '68. Wlllett John, I, Annapolis, April 15, '63. Warner Wm. H., K, Nashville, March 18, '63. Young Henry, K, Danville, Jan. 6, '68. * Drowned. Killed in Action 85 Diedof Wounds 82 Died of Disease, etc 169 Total 226 TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. J. A. Lewis, set., 0, Vicksburg, May 22, '63. D. Elder, do D, do May 22, '68. J. HUliard, do K, Carrion Crow, Nov. 8, '63. John G. Jones, corp., G, Sandy Bayou, Oot. 5,'64, Bates John, H, Vicksburg, June 28, '63. Brown 0. L., H, do May 22, 63. Cook Martin, 0, Jackson, La., Oct. 5, '64. Dedish Nicholas, G, Vicksburg, June 26, '63. Ford Robert E., I, do May 19. '68. Hague John, F, Sabine Cross R., La., April 8, '64, Jack A. G., A, Carrion Crow, La., Nov. 8, '68. Kessenich 0. A., I, Sabine Cross R., April 8, '64. Lewison Ole, D, Carrion Crow, Nov. 8, '68. Lindley B. F., K, Ft. Hindman, Ark., Jan. 11,'68. McOready Samuel, K, do Jan, 11, '63. McKeever James, K, Carrion Crow, Nov. 8, '68, Miller Brastua D., F, Blakely, Ala., April 8, '65. Norton Willis, B, Sabine Cross R., April 8, '64. Ray G. B., B, Arkansas Post., Ark., Jan. 11, '68. Sohultz Ernst, B. Vicksburg, May 20, '68. Stroud J. D., H, Sabine Cross R., April 8, '64. WilUams Jabez, G, Carrion Crow, Nov. 8, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. A. J. McFarland, 1st it., K, Port. City, July 4,'68. Wm. T. Shurtllff, sgt., H, Vicksburg, June 2, '63. L. Cobb, Corp., 0, MarceUon, Wis., Aug. 18, '68. J. F. Stahl, do H, Vicksburg, May 26, '68. W. Jones, do K, do July 17, '68. Bertenshaw W., B, do May 26, '68. Bromfleld Edwin, H, Memphis, June 18, '68. Ballard W. M, , K, Carrion Crow, Nov. 4, '68. Johnson M. L., G, General Hospital, Feb. 6, '68. Kezartee John W., F, St. Louis, Aug. 20, '68. Oleson L., K, Fort Hindman, Ark., Jan. 12, '68. Qulnn Charles E., G, Vicksburg, June 22, '68. Sanderson James, D, do Aug. 8, '68. Shaw Jason W., H, do May 28, '63. Vanatta Levi, A, St. Louis, March 6, '68. Wharnby Thomas, A, New Orleans, Nov. 18, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. 0. E. Weirioh, chap., Young's Point, Feb. 15, '68. J. Axtell, as. sur., Covington, Ky., Oct. 18, '62. 0. M. Waring, capt., B, Memphis, Feb. 16, '68. N. S. Frost, do K, do Deo. 18, '62. B. L. Walbridge, 1st it., F, La Crosse, Mar. 8V63. T. B. Halsey.lstsgt., 0,Mil'ken'sBd., Mar.80,'6S. J. Hayes, do B, do Mar. 23, '68. S. E. Van Zandt, sgt., 0, St. Louis, Feb. 11, '68. ?J. Dempsey, sgt., 0, White River, Deo. 22, '62. 0. W. Thomas, do F, Memphis, Jan. 1, '68. E. G. Seamans, do F, LogansviUe, Ws., June 6,'68. E. E. Eason, do G, Memphis, March 21, '68. 0. F. Stacker, do H, Hospital Boat, Jan. 80, '68. 0. Patchin, do K, Transport, Nov. 28, '62. Reier Johnson, Corp., A, Mil. Bend, April 2, '68. Joseph A. Hill, do A, do April 4, '68. Orin Judkins, do B, Hospital Boat, April 10,'68. P. Glasgow, do 0, Transport, Jan. 22, '63. H. C. Powers, do E, Jeff. Barracks, July 6, '68. S. Wheeler, do E, Milliken's Bend, May 19, '68. W. H. Hamilton, do F, Young's Pt.. Feb. 11, '68. F, M. Crawford, do Hospital Boat, Feb. 22 '68. John Kelly, do G, New Orleans, Deo. 28, '68. J. M. Moore, do G, Young's Point, Feb. 17, '63. B. Parry, do G, do Feb. 2, '68. ?R. A. Bonner, do I, Mississippi Riv., Aug. 21,'68. ?B. T. WilUams, do I, do Aug. 24, '68, D. B. Young, do I, Vicksburg, Oct. 16, '64. Henry Jacobs, do K, Transport, Jan. 23, '63. Thomas Hardy, do K, Tyler, Texas, Sept. 17, '64. Adams Harvey, A, Baton Rouge, June 27, '64. Anderson R., 0, Young's Point, La., Feb. — , '68. Anderson James, D, Transport, Jan. 16, '63. Andal James A., D, do Jan. 16, '63. Arneson Arue, D, Milliken's Bend, April 6, '63. Aldrlch N. B., K, Vicksburg, Aug. 8, '63. Brooks W. L., A, Milliken's Bend, April 28, '68. Buss James, B, Young's Point, Feb. 14, '68. Beer Taylor, B, do Feb. 22, '68. Buss Richard, B, Hospital Boat, March 9, '63. Becker G. W., 0, Helena, Nov. 8, '64. Braum A. G., D, Milliken's Bend, March 25, '68. Bakke Ole 0., D, do May 22, '63. Bull E. C, E, Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 27, '63. Borwell J. C, E, Young's Point, March 5, '63. Borden Hiram, E do March 2, '63. Baley L. J., F, Milliken's Bend, April 14, '68. Bailey Z. E., F, Nicholasville, Nov. 24, '62. Bates Charles, F, MilUken's Bend, May 15, '63. Blivin Calvin E., P, St. Louis, March 9, '68. Bentley B., G, New Orleans, March 81, '64. Bunker T., H, Madison, Wis., Nov. 20, '68. Blakely R., K, Young's Point, March 4, '68. Burnham James, K, do Feb. 12, '63. Oolentyre George, Andersonville, Sept. IS, '64. Case Lafayette, B, Vicksburg, Aug. 12, '68. 1096 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. CuUen Simon, B, Memphis, Aug. 81, '68. Crosby John, C, Frankfort, April 24, '63. Crooks James, D Milliken's Bend, March 80, '68. Cole A. B., D, Vicksburg, Dec. 10, '64. Casey James, E, Milliken's Bend, Jan. 28, '68. Courtier D. E., Young's Point, March 8, '68. Crandall John A., E, Hospital Boat, July 9, '63. Cose E. W., F, Young's Point, March 9, '68. CowesF. S., G, Memphis, Dec. IS, '62. Couillard J. A., I, Milliken's Bend, April 7, '68. Campbell Joel, K, Transport, Jan. 7, '63. Clements Henry, K, Hospital Boat, April 6, '68. Daniels Wm., A, Louisville, Nov. 15, '62. Dunlap John W., B, Memphis, July 8, '68. DeGroff Watson, B, do AprU 4, '68. Davidson A., D, do May 25, '64.*- Durnin T. D., E, Young's Point, Feb. 1, '68. Dejean Harrison, E, do Jan. 27, '68. Dodge A. E., Milliken's Bend, March 15, '68. Drake Allen, E, Memphis, July 17 '63. Delap Edward, F, do March 14, '68. Densmore J. M., F, Young's Point, Feb. 19, '68. Dowden Thomas J., H, do March 2, '68, Duel Alonzo F., H, Memphis, March 29, '63. Durfey Charles, I, Hospital Boat, March 11, '63. Dewey Moses, K, Mound City, Jan. 19, '63. Douglas D. M., K, Transport, Dec. 27, '62. Baton C. 0., A, Milliken's Bend, March 19, '63. Ellicksen John, A, New Orleans, Oct. 20, '64. Evans Jesse T., B, St. Louis, March 21, '68. Edgerton John L. C, Keokuk, July — , '63. Eastman W., C, New Orleans, June 11, '6*. EUingson Ole, H, Hospital Boat, Feb. 8 '68. Eaton F. A. G., H, St. Louis, Aug. 5, '68. Edgely Jerome, I, Milliken's Bend, April 1, '68. Fitts James F, C, Memphis, Jan. 25, '63. Flower 0. B., O, Young's Point, Feb. — , '68. Finch F. D, Milliken's Bend, May 25 '63. Freeman E. R., F, do March 20, '68. Fuller Alfred E., G, do March 27, '63. Fehland A., I, Memphis, April IS, '68. Gudmandsen Lewis, A, New Orleans, Oct. IS, '68. Gunsaulis John, A, Memphis, Dec. — , '62. Grindall Wm. H., Mound City, Feb. 6, '63. Getty John W., K Memphis, Dec. 8, '62. Hoffstetter J., A, Str. D. A. January, June 12,'68. Hughes Henry C., B, Memphis, April 1, '68. Hanford George E., B, St. Louis, March 21, '63. Hill Oscar, B, Vicksburg, May 20, '68, Hosford John W., C, Transport, Jan. 22 '68. Hewett Joseph, Jr., C, Milliken's Bend, June 1,'68. Haveland N. A., D, do April 1, '68. Holcomb W., E, Young's Point, Feb. 18, '68. Hoke Charles, B, Milliken's Bend, March 22, '63. Hayes Jacob, E, St. Louis, April 12, '68. Harris G. T., E, Vicksburg, Nov. 6 '64. Holcomb O. E., H, Young's Point, March 9, '63, Harmley John, H, Memphis, April 5, '68. Hayden L. H. I, Milliken's Bend, March 28, '68. Hines S., K, Young's Point, March 4, '68. Hines Nelson, K, Hospital Boat, Jan. 80, '68. Hughes Hugh, K, Milliken's Bend, April 28, '63. Ivory J., J., E, Arkansas Post, Ark., Jan. 12, '68. Inskeep P. S., I, Young's Point, Feb. 25 '68. Jacobsen C, A, do Feb. 5, '68. Jones Wm. B., C, do May 81, '68. Jura A. K.,D, do Jan. 26 '68. Jones Wm. J., H, Jeff. Barracks, June 19, '68. Jenkins Amos F., I, St. Louis, July 10, '68. James D. E., K, Hospital Boat, May 2, '68. Knause John, B, Memphis, Oct. 8, '68. Kipp Peter H. , F, do March 28, '68. Knowles Peter, F, MiUiken's Bend, March 19, '68. Kehler Lewis, G, Memphis, March 15, '68. Keifer Francis E., G, do March 15, '68. Kingsley G. W., H, Milliken's Bend, Dec. 26, '62. Kenworthy John, H, Vicksburg, June 28, '63. Kinsman Jerome, I, Covington, Oct. 7, '62. Leihimer Matthew, A, May 4, '68. Lyon B. F„ A, Louisville, Jan. 25, '68, Lyon Benton, A, Young'sPoint, March 4, '68. Lepley Isaac, D, Hospital Boat, April 25, '68. Lee Alack A., D, Hospital Boat, Maroh 15, '63. Larson Evan, D, Milliken's Bend, Mar. 18, '68. Lawrence N, S., E, Young's Point, Feb. 22, '68. Laughlin J. L., E, Milliken's Bend, March 15, '68. Lippett Wm., F, Young's Point, March 6, '68. Mosier James, A, New Orleans, Aug. 27, '64. May Orlando C., B, St. Louis, April 21, '63. McCoy Philip H, B, Steamer, April 15, '68. Morrison Nelson, C, Transport, Feb. — , '68. Marsh Eli E., D, St. Louis, June 29, '63. Moen Ole G., D, Milliken's Bend, June 9, '68. ?Meyer Carl H., E, Columbus, Ky., Dec. 28, '62. Melville T.; E Young's Point, La., March 9, '63. Mason James W., F, Memphis, July 15, '68. Miles Andrew J., F, Transport, Jan. 26, '63. Moore L. B., I, do Jan. 3, '68. Mithun O. L., I, Young's Point, Feb. 19, '68. Mayhew P. W., I, Milliken's Bend, April 1, '63. Mather Henry, K, Young's Point, Feb. 17, '6S. May P. S., K, do March 1, '68. Murray A., K, do Feb. 26, '68. Northrup S. D., C, Transport, Feb. 18, 68. North David, D, Milliken's Bend, March 20, '63. Nott 0. B., D, Lake Providence, March 7, '62. Norton J. A., E, Milliken's Bend, April 20, '63. Newman O. T., E, do March 8, '63 Newell Cephas K, F, do March 21, '63. Nickerson Nelson II. , G, Transport, Jan, 22, '68. Nelson F., G, Jackson, Miss., July 10 '63. Nichols G. E., I, Mound City Jan. 22, '63. Nerison T., I, Transport, Jan. 28, '63. Newell J. H., I, Milliken's Bend, April 18, '68. Nye Josiah, I, Verona, Wis., Sept. 0, '68. Nichols John F., K, Young's Point, Feb. 21, '68. Oleson Tusten, D, do Feb. 4, '68. ?Oleson Lars, H, Morganzia, La., July 29, '64. Oakley James, K, St. Louis, Aug. 11, '68, Pierce G., A, Str. D. A. January, June 20, '68. Parmenter G. G., O, Vicksburg, July 31, '68. Pulver J. H., C, Young's Point, Feb. — , '68. Palmeter E. S., D, Hospital Boat, Dec. 27, '62. Palman J,, E. Young's Point, March 6, '68. Phelps John, E, Milliken's Bend, April 2, '68. Porter John F., E, Tyler, Texas, Sept. 12, '64. Pollock Wm., F, Young's Point, Jan. 24, '68. Piatt Jacob, F, Hospital Boat, July 9, '68. Plumb L. F., G, Keokuk, Jan. 25, '68. tPage Q. A., G, Baton Rouge, July 26, '64. Pettit James, II, Milliken's Bend, July 22, '68. Pritchard E., I, Transport, Feb. 11, '68. Plackett Edwin I, St. Louis, July 2 '68. Pierce Samuel S., I, New Orleans, Oct. 8, '63. Park R. J., I, Helena, Nov. 25, '64. Phegley T., K, Milliken's Bend, March 16, '68. Parker Morris S., K, Young's Point, Feb. 17, '68. Rivers Thomas A, Milliken's Bend, April 8, '68. Roy S., I., A, Steamer Nashville, April 1, '68. Roberts Wm. M., 0, Milliken's Bend, Mar. — '68. Rosecrans Frank, C, New Orleans, June 9, *64. Rail Herman, D, Vicksburg, Aug. 27, '64. Richardson B. F., E, St. Louis, April 12, '68. Robinson T., E, Memphis, July 1, '68. Remington M., F, do Feb, 16, '63. Roberts James D., F, Milliken's Bend, Ap. 1, '63. Rogers Manfred, G, Young's Point, Feb. 7, '68. Rood Wm. H. H., H, do Feb. 29, '63. Ring Wm., H, Memphis, Jan. 31, '68. Riddle Edwin O., H, New Orleans, Sept. 14, '64. Rouse Charles, K, Young's Point, March 8, '68. Sutton John E., A, Memphis, March 14, '68. Smith John, C, Transport, Feb. — , '68. Slagg A., D, Milliken's Bend, March 26, '68. Salisbury N. H., D, Hospital Boat, May 11, '63. Slagg E. E., D, Cambridge, Wis., March 28, '64. Spears John D., E, Napoleon, Jan. 16, '68. Spear Elijah 0., F, Cincinnati, Oct. 22, '62. Spooner B. B., F, Decrow's Pt., Texas, Jon. 7, '64. Staley John, F, Memphis, April 4, '68. Stowell George, F, Young's Point, Feb. 4, '63. Smith G. H., F, do Jan. 27, '68. Stoner O. L., F, Milliken's Bend, May 15, ;68, Shearer John, F, Young's Point, March 9, '68. TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 1097 Sweep 0. R., I, Young's Point, Feb. 20, '63. Sherman J. F. , I, New Orleans, July 18, '64. Schluckenbler F. , K, Covington, Sept. 80, '62, Townley C, Algiers, La., July9, '64. Tyler 0., E, Memphis, April 2, '63. Trask Seth, G, Morganzia, La., Aug. 1 '64. Torgerson Ole, I, Young'B Point, Jan. 22, '68 Tyler Ezra, I, Hospital Boat, May 8, '63. Tubbs Daniel, I, Memphis, April 1, '63. Thompson A. M., K, Hospital Boat, June 12, Thornburgh A. D., K, Memphis, Feb. 5, '63. Thornton E. R., K, Transport, Dec. 25, '62. Thomas John W., K, Memphis, Dec. 15, 62. Van Buren R. B., A, do Dec. 2, '62. Vroman D., A, Milliken's Bend, April 28, '68 Van Hook F., B.Memphis, , '68. Van Orman M., F, St. Louis, Feb. 7, '68. Varrender G. H., H, Transport, Jan. 26, '68. Waltz George, A, Memphis, March 10, '68. Woodbury N., B, St. Louis, Aug. 23, '68. Wilson N. D., C, Milliken's Bend, April 5, '68. Williams J. D.-, O, do , 68'. Waltz John, F, Memphis, March 9, '63. Williams R. R., G, St. Louis, May 22, '63. Warner Daniel 0., G, Transport, Jan. 24, '63. Whiting W. J., G, Young's Point, Feb. 14, '63. Warriner L. 0., H, Transport, Jan. 28, '63. Wood Wm. H., I, St. Louis, April 7, '68. Wanzee L., K, Memphis, Feb. 14, '63. Waffenschmidt F., K, Young's Point, March 8, '68. ? Accidentally killed. ? Drowned. Killed in Action 22 Died of Wounds 16 Died of Disease 249 Total 287 TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. A. Phllbrook, maj., D, Franklin, Nov. SO, '64. H. Green, capt., B, Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, '63. F. Schlenstedt, 1st It., O, Jonesboro, Sept. 1, '64, T. T. Keith, do D, Pleasant Hill, May 17,'64. R. J. Chivas, do 1, Mission Ridge, Nov. 25,"63. C. Nix, 2d It., I), Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 81;'62. G. Rockwell, sgt., B, do Dec. 31, '62. John Zahl , do C, Franklin, Tenn. , Nov. 30, '64. A. J. Tebbenham, do F, Chickam'ga, Sept. 20,'68. B. 0. Covalt, do K, Franklin, Nov. SO, '64. G. Nockerman, Corp., C, Stone River, Dec. 81,'62. L. F. Mayer, do C, Resaca, Ga., May 14, '64. D. Leubben, do C, Franklin, Nov. 80, '64. A. W. Walter, do E, Dallas, Ga., May 28, '64. Frank A. Hale, do G, Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Aurenhammer C, H, do Dec. 81, '62. Booth R., D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Bernges John H., B, Dallas, Ga., May 28, '64. Barritt J. D., E, Peach Tree Cr., Ga., July20,'64, Baxter A., G, Kenesaw Mt., June 27, '64. Baker F. L., H, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Brooks N. B., K, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Oooley H. H., A., Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Cookson C. I., A, Stone River.'Dec. 81, '62. Corgan R., A, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Cochrane L., B, Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Curtis L. N., D, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Campion T., D, Pleasant Hill, Ga., May 17, '64. Coleman J. B., F, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Coles John, K, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Eckhardt R., C, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. BUenbecker Frank, H, Pleasant Hill, May 17, '64, Eder John, H, Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Gregg George, D, do Dec. 81, '62. Gilbert James, K, do Dec. 81, '62. Gage Augustus, K, do Dec. 81, '62. Hazel J. W., D, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8, '62. Hennessy S..D, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Hoft F., E, Resaca, May 14, '64. Hunt D., F, Mission Ridge, Ga., Nov. 25, '68. Joyce R., B, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Jeffers R. M„ D, do Dec. 81, '62. Klumb A., C, Kenesaw Mt., June 27, '64. Kingsley DeWitt 0., F, Resaca, May 14, '64. Kassner L., K, Adairsville, Ga., May 17, '64. Moore John, K, Resaca, May 14, '64. Neustadtl N. B., H, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Parsons Silas B., A, do Sept. 20, '68. Pankow Carl, C, Stone River, Dec. 81,'62. Pritchard T., I, Chickamauga, Sept. 20 '68. Pfaff Henry, K, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. QueemanA., E do Dec. 81 '62. Rourke T., G, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Ryan Wm.. I. Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Seiberlich J. , C, Resaca, May 14, '64. Shanahan John, D, Pleasant Hill, May 17, '54. Springstead D. H., E, Stone River, Dec. 81, '62. Woodward C. I., A, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '63. Worth D., E, Nashville, Dec. 16, '64. WeiskopfT., H., Stone River, Dec. 31, '62. Yochum G., K, Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. G. Goldsmith, capt. , H, Chattanooga, Oct. 4, '68 G. Bleyer, 2d It., A, Jan. 24 '68 J. F. Barnes, 1st sgt., Nashville, March 27, '64. A. E. Mueller, sgt., C, Resaca, May 14, '64. R.H.Davis, do G, do May 24, '64. W. B. Axtell, corp., A, Chattanooga, Oct. 4, '68. H. W. Mason, do B, Nashville, Dec. 23, '64. T. 0. Parker, do H, Jan. 19, '68. John Howard, do H, Chattanooga, July 10, '64. Philip Spear, do K, do May — , '64. Beok G., C, Nashville, March 19, '63. Corneillie P. C, A, Milwaukee, June 18, '68. Coleman P., D, Louisville, Aug: 29, '64. Curley E.,I, Nashville, Jan. 18, '63. Cameron G., I, do Feb. 2, '63. Dewey John S., A, Dallas, Ga., May 28, '64. Dolan Wm., F Kenesaw Mt., June 80, '64. Gronenger L. C., A, Murfreesboro, Jan. 6. '64, Iserhot H., C, Ackworth, Ga., June 22, '64. KahlerF., C, Chattanooga, July 11, '64. Krause George, E, Nashville, Jan. 25, '68. Logan George M., A, do Oot. 14, '68. Lawrence J., I, Murfreesboro, Dec. 10, '68. Putney R. M. M., E, Chattanooga, Jan. 28, '64. Rosenbaum A., C, Atlanta, July 4, '64. Rauschenberger, J., H, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Silsby A., A, Chattanooga, July 81, '64. Smyth Joseph, B^ Nashville, Jan. 17, '68. Sullivan O. L., F, Stevenson, Nov. 8, 'OS. Smite Philiip, G, Pleasant Hill, Sept. 2, '64. Stearns F., K, Chattanooga, March 16, '64. Trentlage H. A., B, do Nov. 26, '68. Todhunter J., E, Chickamauga, Sept. 26, '63. Ward Philip, B, NashvUle, Jan. 16, '62. Wachtman A., H, do Sept. SO, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. O. Mueller, as. sur., Covington, Sept. 11, '62. F. A. Root, capt. I, Chattanooga, Dec. 2, '63. G. A. Cole, 1st sgt., B, Annapolis, Feb. 18, '63. J. H. Tyler, do B, Milwaukee, Jan. 7, '65. E. S. Morgan, sgt., D, Madison, Dec. 16, '64. E. R. Barber, do E, New Albany, May 6, '68. Charles Yetter, corp., O, Richmond, Deo. 7, '68 E. H. Saokett, do B, Nashville, Nov. 22, '62. 1098 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. M. M. McKillip, cor., F, Murfreesboro, May 11,' E. Frownfelter, do F, Chattanooga, July 17,'i James Mangan, do H, Andersonville, July 10, '64, JohnSheehan, do H, do July30,'64, Alexander John H-, B, Annapolis, March 6, '63. Armbruster H., C, KnoxviUe, June 24, '64. Alwynes John, E, Andersonville, June 16, '64. Bate T. H., Jr., A, Vining Station, Aug. 10, '64. Breen John H., E, Nashville. Dec. 8 '62. Bruce H., H, Andersonville, July 20, '64. Brichler John, H, Louisville, Sept. 7, '63. Burns Thomas, H, Chattanooga, Jan. 8, '64. Cook J. S., A, Bowling Green, Nov. 29, '62, Case L. B., A, Murfreesboro, Jan, 25, '63. Church Wm. P., A, Nashville, Feb. 17, '68. Cheeney E. W., A, Louisville, July 11, '68. Clayton David, B, Murfreesboro, Feb. 8, '63. Childs W. B., Nashville, Jan. 25, '68. Oleaveland A. W., E, do Dec. 22, '62. Doerfler J., C, Knoxville, Mayl, '65. Damon A. A., F, NashvUle, Jan. 8, '63. Dooley J., G, AndersonviUe, Aug. 5, '63. DeLury Dennis, G, Nashville, May 27, '68. Fellows L., A, Bardstown, Ky., Oct. 9, '62. FuUer C. H., Nashville, March 19, '68. Fehrenkamp M., I, Chattanooga, Dec. 31, '68. Griswold N., B, Murfreesboro, Feb. 7, '68. ?Goll Jacob, C, Marietta, Ga., Oct, 25, '64. Gallagher A., K., Louisville, Feb. 10, '64. Hanny L. B., D( NashviUe, Dec. 23, '68. Hartman L., E, Bowling Green, Nov. 2 '62. Hines John M., E, Nashville, Dec. 7, '62. Hoffman John, F, Atlanta, Oct. 1, '68. Habn H., I, Nashville, Jan. 28, '68. James L. O., B, Bowling Green, Nov. 16, '62. Kissam O. 0., B, Nashville, Nov. 26, '62. Kissam S., B, Murfreesboro, Feb. 11, '68. Kingsland Alfred, B, Murfreesboro, May 14, '68. KullL., 0, Andersonville, July 81, '64. Kitchell John, E, Chattanooga, Dec. 18, '68. Kelthur D., K, New Albany, Dec. 14, '62. tLang Andreas, C, Louisville, April — , '68. Long John, G, Andersonville, Oct. — , '64, Link JohnF., K, Nashville, Dec. 19, '62. McDonald W. H., A, Richmond, Va., Nov. 4, '68. McMullen A., D; Murfreesboro, Feb. 9, '68. Maloney M., D, Jeffersonville, June 16, '64. Montgomery J. H., E, Richmond, Va., Jan. 26,'68. Presbrey 0., F, Murfreesboro, June 29, '63. Puffenroth John, K, Madison, Ind., Deo. 26, '64. Ruppert Or., 0, Murfreesboro, April 27, '68. Byan P., D, Chattanooga, Sept. 2, '64. Rubenstein C, Atlanta, July 20, '64. Riley Wm. F., NashviUe, Jan. 27, '68. Spaan H., C, do Dec. 4, '62. Santee J., C, do Dec. 25, '62. Seifert A., C, Andersonville, July 9, '64. Snickel Doffiel, E, Bowling Green, Nov. 12, '62. Sexton T., H, Cleveland, Tenn., April 26, '64. Spence T., K, Bowling Green, Dec. 17, '62. Suhr F., K. Murfreesboro, July 29, '68. Triller G. P-,E, St. Louis, April 7, '65. Thorsen P.: G, Andersonville, Oct. 5, '64. White D., D Nashville, Nov. 26, '62. Webber F. C., G, Milwaukee, June 20, '64. Yessen A., A, AndersonviUe, Aag. 20, '64. ? Murdered. t Report of death unofficial. KiUed in Action 61 Dledof Wounds 85 Died of Disease 77 Total. 173 TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. W. H. Gribble, 2d It., E, Decatur, July 22, '64. W. S. TomUnson, 1st sgt. , I, Salkehatchie, F. 2,'65, W. S. Breese, Corp., B, Decatur, Ga., July 22, '64. J. Nelson, ;do I, KeoesawMt., June 15, '64. A. H. Bonnell, do K, Atlanta, Aug. 1, '64. S. C. Reistad, do K, Decatur, July 22, '64. BartleR. J., E, do July 22, '64. Buchacker Louis, H, Savannah, Dec. 11, '64. Christian John W., G, Decatur, July 22, '64. Chase D. R., K, Salkehatchie, S. C, Feb. 2, '65. Dougherty T. C., B, Decatur, July 22, '64. Diegle Martin, K, do July 22, '64. Finley Howard, H, do July 22, '64. Grubb P. B., A, Resaca, Ga., May 14, '64. Grover John, E, Decatur, July 22, '64. Huntley JabezL.,D, do July 22, '64. Knudson P., K, Salkehatchie, Feb. 2, '65. Lafollet George, E, Decatur, July 22, '64. Myres George, B, Resaca, May 14, '64. Nichols J. C., F, Decatur, July 22, '64. Oleson Ole, B, Resaca, May 14, '64. Rasy W. W., B, Decatur, July 22, '64. Richey C, E, do July 22, '64. Seitz Blazius, C, Resaca, May 14, '64. Skinner Alva, F, Dallas, Ga., May 80, '64. Taylor S. A., I, do May 27, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. W. H. Bennett, capt. , B, Macon, Aug. 10, '64. L. F. Grow, 2d It., K, Decatur, July 26, '64. J. W. Church, sgt., A, Beaufort, March 7, '65. T. Y. Clarke, do H, Resaca, May 16, '64. W. H. H.'Bailey, cor., E, Andersonv'e, Aug. l8,'64, Cressey H. W., D, Decatur, July 24, '64. Dunlevy T., D, do July 23, '64. Foskett E. H., B, Kenesaw Mt., June 27, '64. Gher Henry, B, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 10, '64. House P. P., D, Atlanta, Aug. 7, '64. Heigh M., B, Andersonville,*Sept. 12, '64. Kelley Vincent, G, Resaca, May 20, '64. Snow George M., D, Louisville, June 9, '64. Shoemaker N., F, Big Shanty, Ga., June 16, '64. Salt John, K, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 28, '64. Thompson Sever, F, Dallas, Ga., June 6, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. S. J. Nasmith, lt. col.,Platteville, Aug. 15, '63. J. G. Scott, capt., E, Mound City, April 14, '64. R. Nash, do I, Memphis, Aug. 21, '68. J. McCreavy, ass. sur. , Helena, Aug. 8, '63. C. F. Olmstead, 1st It., H, Memphis, Aug. 5, '63. Henry C. Wise, do H, Helena, Oct. 27, '63. O. E. Foote, 2d It., F, do Aug. 9, '63. Isaiah Ferrill, sgt., A, Memphis, Aug. 81, '68. James Miller, do A, do Sept. 11, '63. A. Albaugh, do B, Paducah, Aug. 16, '63. E. A. Clark, do B, Memphis, July 81, '63. John A. Mark, do B, do Aug. 31, '63. A. N. Trousdale, do B, Helena, Dec. 25, '68. W. W. Gault, do B, do Dec. 13, '68. John Knight, do O, Vicksburg, Aug. 14, '68. S. P. Simpkins, do C, Mound City, April 13, '64. John Justice, do D, Helena, Aug. 19, '68. H. M. Brewer, do F, Snyder's Bluff, July 26, '68. O. K. Hiokock, do F, La Crosse, Dec. 10, '68. W. S. Williams, do F, Snyder's Bluff, July 22,'68. F. Curtius, do H, Paducah, Sept. 19, '68, John AUinson, do H, Memphis, Sept. 8, '68. J. Brown, do H, Athens, Ala., April 14, '64. T. T. Wayne, do I, Helena, Oct. 28, '68. R. McReynolds, do I. do Jan. 7, '64. R. Osborn, do I, Decatur, May 8, '64. TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 1099 J. A. Ferguson, Corp., A, Madison, Deo; 21, '62. Wm. Jones, - do A, Viroqua, Wis., Oct. 16,'63. James Mason, do A, Marietta, Gaj, Sept. 4, '64 Justus Smith, do A, Viroqua, Oct. 8, '68. C. 0. Higgins, do B, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '68. J. R.UcMahon, do B, Bloom, Wis., Oct. 11, '68. E. Wallace, do B, Paducah, Aug. 3, '68. IraP. Demmon, do D, Cheraw, S. C, March 2,'65. J. A. Harmon, do D, Helena, Sept. 80, '63. J. Bailey, do E, do Aug. 24, '68. M. Barstow, do E, do Sept. 10, '63. Jas. B. Brown, do F, do Nov. 4, '63. J.'Chadwick, do F, Rome, Ga., Sept. 8, '64. P. M. Taylor, do F, Mound City, Aug. 18 ,'63. D. F. Allen, do G, Stoughton, Aug. 11, '68. 0. V. Webb, do G, Corfu, N. Y., Oct. 18, '68. S. L. Dickason, do G, New York Harb., An, 8,'65. B. B. McDaniel, do I, Helena, Aug. 28, '68. T. S. Wakefield, do K, Andersonville, Aug. 14 ,'64. A. M. Porshell, do K, Helena', Aug. 14, '63. Adams J., A, Memphis, Sept. 11, '63. Asbury A. M., A, Washington, May 25, '65. Arnold Wm., C, Helena, Aug. 25, '63. Abies H. A., D, do Aug. 26, '63. Alger T., D, do Dec. 16, '68. Armstrong J. B.,.E, Madison, Wis., Jan. 8, '63. Alley L., F, Helena, Aug. 14, '68. Aiken J., F, Vicksburg, Aug. 11, '63. Adams O. D., G, Grant Co., Wis., June 18, '68. Ainsworth M., G, Helena, Nov. 9, '63. Anderson W. B., G, Cairo, Dec. 7, '63. Aussin Isaac, G, Andersonville, Aug. 1, '64. Aldrich J. J., H, Snyder's Bluff, Miss., July 21,'63. Anderson Erick, Cairo, K, March 22, '63. Ashley W., K, Paducah, Aug. 6, '68. Anderson M., K, Memphis March 11, '64. Armstrong H., K, Mound City, July 20, '68. Baldwin J., A, Helena, Aug. 23, 63. Baker C. C, A, do Aug. 8, '63. Barstow C, A, Viroqua, Feb. 24, '64. Benn A., A, Mound City, Sept. 4, '63. Biddison Amon, A, Memphis, Sept. 7, '63. Bolunbaugh John, B, Snyder's Bluff, July 6, '68. Bayse J. W., B, Decatur, Miss., Feb. 21, '64. Brown Wm. D., B, Cairo, April 29, '64. Bamheisel G., 0, New Albany, Feb. 17, '65. Bishop M. B., C, Vicksburg, Aug. 11, '63. Bradley James, C, do March 16; '64. Boyle P., D, Andersonville, Sept. 4, '6*. Basye S. L., E, Paducah, Sept. 25, '63. Basye I. N., E, Bowling Green, Jan. 21 '64. Batchelor F. T., E, Atlanta, Sept. 28, '64. Reazley P., E, Dunleith, HI., Nov. 6, '63. Beckwith N. J., B, Platteville, Wis., July 16, '68. Block John C, E, Atlanta, Oct. 23, '64. Blanchard E., E, Helena, Aug. 10, '63. Bedford John, F, do Aug. 22. '68. Bellou T., H, Snyder's Bluff, July 20, '68. Bilderback F. B., H, Memphis, Sept. 11, '63. Bilderback O. H., H, Helena, Aug. 11, '63. Botts.Wm., H, Memphis, Sept. 10, '63. Bradbury John, H, do April 2, '64. Bumes Thomas, I, Helena, Aug. 14, '68. Coard W. F. O., A, Memphis, Sept. 13, '63. Cummings G. W., A, St. Louis, Dec. 19, '68. Crandall Wm., B, Memphis, Sept. 26, '63. Crandall J. J., B, Richland, Wis., Oct. 6, '68. Craig S. V., B, Madison, Wis., April 10, '64. Christopherson Ole, do Aug. 27, '64. Craig W. E., 0, Lake Providence, Aug. 9, '63. Campbell D. H., D, Snyder's Bluff, July 14, '63. Chatterson J., D St. Louis, Jan. 1, '64. Conger L. B., D, Hos. Str., Miss. R., July29, '68. Cressy W. P., D, Cairo, Sept. 6, '63. Chambers H,, B, Snyder's Bluff, June 80, '63. Clifton D. W. C, E, Rome, Ga., Aug. 11, '64. Cloud N., E, Jeff. Barracks, July 8, '64. Cheeney W. R., F, Paducah, Aug. 17, '68. Chester J. H., Marietta, Ga., July 8, '64. Cabanis J. N.,I, Wilton, Minn., Dec. 9, '62. Carroll A., I, Memphis, Sept, 8, '68. Cook S. B., I, Columbus, Ky., June 11, '63. Cummings S., K, Snyder's Bluff, July 8, '68. Cook A. H., K, do July 20, '63. Carsley J. C, K, Paducah, Aug. 29, '68. Clark 0., K, do Aug. 22, '68 Douglas J. A,, A. Helena, Sept. 26, '63. Delap C. W., A, Viroqua, Feb. 16, '6*. Dunlap J., A. Newbern, N. C, April 5, '68 Dodge E., B, Columbus, Ky., May 1, '68. Dickason J., B, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 31, '64. Dougherty J. H., 0, Memphis, Sept. 2, '68. Day H., D, Mankoto, Minn., Nov. 22, '62. Davis T., F, Memphis, Sept. 9, '68. Dell E., F, Jeffersonville, Dec. 26, '64. Delano A. C, G, St. Louis, Oct. 10, '68. Durlin J. C, I, Paducah, Aug. 9, '68. Draper J. A., K, Memphis, Sept. 2, '63. Ewer R., C, Helena, Aug. 19, '68. Edgerton H. L., D, Greenfield, Wis., Dec. 4, '63. Bdgerton C. L., D, Helena, Aug. 19, '63. Bchner P. , F, Vicksburg, May 9, '64. Eager N., G, Memphis, Sept. 11, '68. Eddington J., G, Helena, Dec. 8, '63. Ellis R., D, Chattanooga, Nov. 16, '64. Erickson S., K, Memphis, Sept. 7, '68. Evenson J., K, Louisville, June 18, '64. Foreaker W. H., A, Helena, Aug. 20, '63. Fish I., B, Columbus, Ky., May 21, '63. Freeman G. W., B, Helena, Nov. 21, '63. Fenal A., C, Louisville, July 8, '64. Flaherty D., C, Sauk Centre, Minn., Dec. 8, '62. Forsyth A., F, Helena, Aug. 18, '63. Farwell B. P., Memphis, Sept. 5, '68. Fitzgerald J. T., G, Paducah, Sept. 14, '68. Foster J. A., H, Vicksburg, Aug. 18, '63. Fenley J. H., I, Paducah, Aug. 21, '63. Fenley M., I, Indianapolis, Nov. 8, '64. - Gill A., A, Paducah, Aug. 27, '68. Garrett J., A, Weister, Wis., Jan. 15, '64. Geiser Philip, A, Snyder's Bluff, July 16, '68. Green G. F., A, do July 9, '68. Graham J., A, Memphis, Sept. 6, '63. Griffin S. L., A„Madison, Ind., Feb, 24 '65. Graham D., B, Madison, Wis. , March 15, '64. Gray B., B, Ackworth, Ga., June 12, '64. Greeby H., 0, Vicksburg, Aug. 12, '63. ?Groesser T., C,*Sandtown, Ga., July 9, '64. Gleason G., D, Helena, March 10, '64. Gregory J. H., F, Snyder's Bluff, July IS, '63. Germaine W., F, Mankato, Minn., Dec. 12, '62. Germaine W., F, Irving, Wis., May 20, '63. Germaine F., F, Milliken's Bend, July 6, '63. Gregory G'. D., F, Helena, Aug. 14, '68. Gedney S. M., F, do Dec. 81, '63. Goodrich C, F, Vicksburg, March 24, '64. Godbold D., F, Rome, Ga., Aug. 27, '64. Graham H., G, Vicksburg, April 1, '64. Grippen A. J., G, Nashville, June 6, '64. Groshong W. M., H, Lincoln Co., Mo. Aug. 17,'6S. Green G. B„ K, Helena, Sept. 14, '68. Hadley M. E., A, Madison, Wis., Feb. 5, '68. Hope G. W., A, Memphis, Sept. 21, '68. Hunter W. B. H., A, Columbus, Ky., Ap. 14, '63. Huntington E. F., A, Memphis, Sept. 12, '68. Hough W., B, do Oct. 20, '68. Hurd R. F., B, Helena, Aug. 27, '63. Hoyt G. T. L., B, Atlanta, Aug. 23, '64. Halferty J. W., 0, Memphis, Sept. 10, '68. Hayden H. J., O, Helena, Oct. 26, '68. Henderson W., C . do Aug,20.'63. Harp G. F.,D, Winship Furnace, Ga., Juhel6,'69. Hyde A., D, Memphis, Sept. 15, '68. Holgate F., D, Snyder's Bluff, June 15, '63. Hollenbeck *A. J., D, Andersonville, Aug. 4, '64. Hall W., E, Memphis, Sept. 12, '63. Haney D.,E„ Vicksburg, March 3, '64. Harswell J., F, Helena, Aug. 22, '63. Honey A., H, Rome, Ga., Aug. 8, '64. Hudsmith J. H., Madison, Wis., Nov. 7, '68.' Hurst M., H, Paducah, Aug. 16, '63. HigbeeS. M., do Aug. 2J, '63. Howell F. M., K, Adams Co. Wis,, June — , '64. Irwin A., 0, Andersonville, Sept. 26. '64, 1100 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Irwin Robert, 0, Chattanooga, Nov. 8, '64. Ide George W., G, Dallas, Ga., June 2, '64. ' Jones A. S., B, Madison, Wis., Feb. 11, '63. Jones J., B, Snyder's Bluff, July 20, '63. James T. D., B, Bloom, Wis., Oct. 8, '68. Jewell B. B., B, Memphis, Nov. 19, '63. Jenks J. C, 15, Decatur, Ala., May 1, '64. Julius C, C, Snyder's Bluff, June 80, '68. Jewett H. L. F, Woodstock, 111., Dec. 16, '68, Jones M., F, Rome, Ga., Sept. 21, '64. Joyner J. N., G, St. Cloud, Minn., Oct. 25 '6! Jackson A., H, Columbus, Ky., April 18, '68. Johnson Ole, Jr. , K, Cairo, Aug. 1, '68. Judd A., K, Helena, Aug. 6, '63. Johnson G. L., K, Vicksburg, AprU 25, '64. Kretzer W., C, Paducah, Aug. 18, '63. Kinney W. H., D, Vicksburg, Feb 23, '64. Kaump J. F.. E, Snyder's Bluff, June 27, '63. Kiel J. C, E do July 22, '68. Kiel C. B., E, Platteville, Wis., Feb. 5, '64. Kidder R. A., G, Memphis, AprU 20, '64. Kittelson Ole, K, do Sept. 1, '68. Ketchum H. C, K, do Sept 16, '68. Lewis S. Q., B, Paducah, Ky., Aug. 30, '63. Lyons F. E., B, Louisville, March 8, '65. Latham L,, C, Providence, La., Aug. 1, '63. Laurence T., C, Memphis, Dec. 2, '63. Landon O., D, Helena, Dec. 27, '68. Lincoln J. H., F, Providence, La., July 23, '68 Lautenbeck D., F, Steamer Patton, Aug. 9, '68. Lewis J. , F, Chattanooga, Nov. 5, '64. Lewis S. C, F, Tomah, Wis., , '64. Lisherness A., H, Memphis, Sept. 22, '63. Lowry S. W., H, do Sept. 10, '63. Lauterman J. L., I, do Oct. 81, '68. Lease W., I, Jamestown, Wis., Oct. 3, '64. Lindall P. A., K, Helena, Aug. 18, '68. LeeschN.,K, do Aug. 24. '68. Larmer J. H., K, Memphis-, April 9, '64. Marshall J., A, Jeff. Barracks, Sept. 25, '68. McClurg M., A, Helena, Aug. 21 '68. Moore P. S., A, Memphis, Sept. 17, '63. McNally John, B, do Sept. 26, '68. Munson C, B, Rome, Ga., Aug. 7, '64. Mauer John, C, Memphis, Aug. 20, '63. Morrison W. A.. D, Goldsboro, N. C, April 1,'65. Minor Wm. H., D, Paducah, Oct. 9, '63. MiUs E., D, do Aug. 18, '63. Mills E., D, Hos. Str. Miss. River, July 25, '63. Miller A., D, Rome, Ga., Oct. 10, '64. Musgrave W. P., D, Snyder's Bluff, July 23, '63. Mero F., E, Helena, July 29, '63. ' Morrison G., E, Hosp. Boat, Miss. R., July 27,'63. Mortiboy A. , F, Memphis, Sept. 9, '63. Miller P., F, St. Louis, March 7, '64. Molitor P., F, Louisville, June 22, '64. Morey W., F, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 14 '65. Mellott S., F, Sparta, Wis., Feb. 21, '64. Mann N., G, Columbus, Ky., April 13, '68. Morse H. L., G, Goldsboro, N. C, April 6, '65, Meir M. , H, Helena, Aug. 18, '63. McDonnell T., H, Memphis, Sept. 25, '63. McPhail A., H, Potosi, Wis., July 81, '63. McPherson J. D., I, New Dim, Minn., Nov. 10,'62. Mitts M. V., I, Memphis, Sept. 21, '63. Murrish M., I, Helena, Aug. 25, '63. Nichols H., F, do Sept. 16, '63. Nelson Ole A., K, Columbus, Ky., March 17, '68. Oleson A. E., B, Marietta,--Ga. , Oct. 4, '64. Owens L. E., D. Helena, Sept. 10, '63. Oleson Knud, F, Rome, Ga., July 10, '64. Pidcock W., A, Madison, Wis., Feb. 5, '68. Pierce G. J., A, Snyder's Bluff, July 18, '63. Paulson Ole, B, Vicksburg, Aug. 8, '68. Perkins G. B., B, Memphis, Aug. 28, 63. ParceL,,C, ' do Aug. 27, '63. Pierce D. F., 0, Vicksburg, Aug. 6, '63. Pritchett J. M., C, Helena, Nov. 16, '68. Potter C. R., C, Marietta, Ga., Aug. 17, '64. Phillips W. A., E, Platteville, Wis., Sept. 17, '63. Palmer G. C, I, Heltna, Nov. 24, '63. Probst Urst, K, Madison, Wis., Aug. 1, '64. Peterson Ole, K, Helena, Aug. 15, '63. Ranger F., A, Memphis, Sept. 16, '68. Reed W. 0., A, Madison, Wis., Jan. 8, '63. Rhoe J. F., A Helena, Aug. 11, '68. Reeves John, B, Richland, Wis., Dec. 21, '68. Roberts J. W., C, BUenboro, Wis., July 24, '64. Rouse B., C, Willett's Point, N. Y., Mar. 21, '65. Rathbun O. J., D, Chattanooga, Feb. 10, '65. Randies J., D, Andersonville, Nov. 4, '64. Rottenstetter S., D, Helena, Nov. 15, '68. Rauseuberger G. F., F, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 1, '64. Richmond Philip, G, Waumandee, Oct. 10, '62. Richardson J., H, Helena, Dec. 12, '63. Reifstack F., I, Memphis, Sept. 18, '68. Richards C, I, St. Louis, Nov. 28, '63. SewellH., A, Bishopville, Ohio, Oct>9, '63. Sharp N. V., A, Alexandria, Va., Feb. 13, '65. Smith F., A, Madison, Wis., Feb. 5, '63. Smith N. H., A, Helena, Dec. 15, '63. Steadman H., A, Madison, Wis., Jan. 18, '64. Strieker S. H., A, Snyder's Bluff, July 9, '63. Sutton F., A, Viroqua, Oct. 20, '62. Silbaugh Philip, A, Newbern, N. 0., May 5, '65. Sutton J., B, Savannah, Tenn., April 4, '64. Schmitz P., 0, Cassville, Wis., Oct. 17, '63. St. John E. G., C, Memphis, Sept. 19, '63. Sawyer P. E., D, Helena, Oct. — , '68. Shaw W. F., D, Memphis, Sept. 17, '63. Stull L., D., Sparta, Wis., Feb. 18, '65. Schuster J., E, Paducah, Aug. 9,. '63. Shinoe A., B, Snyder's Bluff, July 21, '68. Stone S.,'E, St, Louis, Oct. 8, '68. Stone 8., E, Mound City, Sept. 27, '68. Stevens L., E Helena, Aug. 16, '63. Simpkins J., E, Paris, Wis., June 27, '64. Simpkins John, E, Memphis, April 2, '64. Smith Jesse F., F, do Sept. 10, '63. Sutton A., F, do Aug. 20, '63. Shaffer Joseph, F, do Sept. 25, '68. Schwanz H., F, Athens, Ala., April 15, '64. Sherman N. C, F, Stm. Glasgow, July 81, '63. Shepherd G. F., F, New York Harbor, May 7, '65. Staley John, F, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 9, '65. Stanford L., F, Pole Grove, Wis., Jan. 19 '64. Sanborn Azro E., G, Keokuk, Oct. 15, '03. Smith W. H., G, Dane, Wis., Feb. 12, '63. Schmitz John K., H, Paducah, Sept. 17, '63. Sprague James, H, Memphis, Sept. 6, '68. Shepton J., H, Paducah, Dec. 3, '63. Sadler W. H., I, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 24, '64. Serens John W., I, Columbus, Ky., AprU 18, '63. Shinoe Lewis, I, Paris, Wis., Feb. 5, '64. Shoemaker T., I, Columbus; Ky., June 11, '63. Sincox W. H., I, Memphis, Sept. 17, '63. SissonPhiloF.,1, do Sept. 7, '63. SraearpochL., I, Helena, Aug. 18, '68. Stillwell M., I, Columbus, April 6, '63. Sweet Wm., K, Paducah, Sept. 2, '63, Tenney G., A, De Soto, Wis., Oct. 17, '68. Tobler John B., C, Paducah, Nov. 14, '63. Tmning Q., C, Hos. Boat, Miss. R., Aug. 14, '68. Thompson J. W., D, Paducah, Aug. 26,63. Thompson Allen, D, St. Louis, Oct. 15, '63. Taylor A. R., E, Andersonville, Aug. 1, '64. Thorp L. F., F, Snyder's Bluff, July 17, '63. Thomas G. H., F, Mound City, Ang. 7, '63. Tjostleson E., F, Rome, Ga., Aug. 22 '64. Thompson Ira E., G, Memphis, Oet. 2, '68. Thomas Wm. P., G, do Aug. 30, '63. Turner J., H, Jeff. Barracks, Dec. 15, '64. Thurtell E., I Paducah, Aug. SO, '63. Tottman E. M;., K, do Aug. 17, '63. Ustlck J. Y., D, do Aug. 30, '63. Vance S. A., A, Boscobel, Wis., April 20, '64. Vanatta M. B. H., B, Helena, Dec. 6, '63. Van Ostrand Wm. J., F, Memphis, Sept. 9, '68. Vonderan J. , I, Helena, Nov. 8, '68. Wisel Ira, A, do Aug. 14, '63. Wood J., A, Willett's Point, N. Y., May 12, '65. Wallace D., B, Snyder's Bluff, July 11, '63. Wallace Hiram, B, Memphis, Nov, 14, '68. Wallace S. J., B, Helena, Aug. 20, '68. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 1101 Wlldermuth John, B, Decatur, Ala., May 7, '64. Welton M. J., B, Vicksburg, Sept. 6, '68. Weiss Peter, 0, Memphis, Oct. 12, '68. Wellestumph J. H., C, do Aug. 19, '68. Worden Wm. R., C, Rome, Ga., Sept. 17, '64. Worden S. H., D, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 17, '64. Wolcott G. L., Memphis, Oct. 11, '68. Walker C. M., F-, Columbus, Ky., July 4, '68. Woodman C. W., F, Memphis, Aug. 80, '63. Wells James H., F, do Sept. 1, '68. Wilson R., G, Vicksburg, March 4, '64. Walker Wm., H, Helena, Aug. 4, '68. Webb John, H, Paducah, Sept. 20, '63. Wise Daniel, H, Memphis, Aug. 21, '63. Woodruff Wm., H, do Aug. 28, '63. Wilkinson J. R. , I, do Sept. 16, '63. Woolsey S., K, Madison, Wis., Feb. 28, '68. Walker G., K, Savannah, Ga., Dec. 28, '64. Yoder Jacob, B, Memphis, Nov. 11, '63. Youmans Wm. H., D, Memphis, Sept. 17, '63. York Wm. A., K, Helena, June—, '64. ?Depew .Wiley, D,Dallas, Ga., Junel. '64. ?Lick James, C, Vicksburg, Feb. 2, '64. tLouthain G. W., I, Decatur, Miss., Feb. 12, '64. ?Thorp W. H., F, Island 67, Miss. R., Aug. 10,*68. ? Drowned. + Shot. Killed in Action 26 Diedof Wounds 16 Died of Disease 870 Died of Accident 4 Total 422 TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. C. Schmidt, capt., B, Averysboro, March 16, '65. R. Mueller, do C, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. C. Pizzala, do G, Chancellorville, May 2, '63, Wm. Smith, do I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. J. P. Seemann, do I, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64, A. Schueler, do K, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. M. Young, 1st It., A, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. R. Klein, do C, Averysboro, March 16, '65. C. Phillip, do F, Resaca, Ga., May 15, '64. Peter Rook, 2d It., F, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Hugo C, sgt. maj,, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. C. Bruckert, 1st sgt., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. S. Fiess, sgt., A, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. F. Bhlert, do B, Gettysburg July 1, '63. C. Schmidt, do F, Chancellorville, May 2, '68. Wm. Hess, do F, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. C. Weckersberg, do H, Resaca, May 15, '64. G. Wachter, do I, Chancellorville, May 2, '68. B. Ott, do K, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. John Krauss, Corp., A, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. J. Gilgen, do A, Averysboro, March 16, '65. W. Backhaus, do B, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. P. Berlandi, do C, do July 1, '68. J. Gross, do D, Chancellorville, May 2, '64. G. Chalaupka, do D, Gettysburg July 1, '63. John Held, do D, Peach Tree Or., July 20, '64. Moritz Fuchs, do E, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. C. Winkelmann, do E, do May 2, '63. M. Thuerwaechter, do E, do May 2, '63. C. Oestreich, do F, Averysboro, March 16, '65. J. Weinand, do G, Chancellorville, May-2, '63. H. Guenther, do G, do May 2, '63. G. W. Rusco, do G, do May 2, '68. G. Koehler, do G, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. John Ritger, do G, do July 1, '78. R. H. Templeton, do G, Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64. Henry Mohr, do H, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. P. Diefenthaler, do H, do July 1, '63. F. Reuter, do H, Peach Tree Cr., July 20, '64. Philip Mathes, do H, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. G. Ferge, do I, do July 1, '63. G. Regenbrecht, do, K, do July 1, '63. A. Fleck, do K, Chancellorville, May 2, '68. P. Neusser, do I, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Arnn Wm., P, Peach Tree Cr., Ga., July 20 '64. Brannschweig F. , B, Gettysburg, Julyl, '68. Busse 0., B, Averysboro, N. C, March 16, '65. Braun X., B, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Burg L., E, Chancellorville, May 2, '68. Casper C., B, do May 2, '63. Distelhorst H„ B, do May 2, '63. Dallman J., C, Gettysburg, Julyl, '68. Dross L., D, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Dronkers D., D, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Dexheimer J., G, Chancellorville, May 2, '63, Daily R., G, do May 2, '68. Eberhard J., B, Gettysburg, Julyl, '63. FeistelB., B, do Julyl, '68. Fritz F.,G, do July 1, '68. GeumannC.A, do Julyl, '63. Gessner H., B, Kenesaw Mt., June 19, '64. Gruhlke J., E, Averysboro, March 16, '65. Gottfried W., H, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Hacker H. , F, Resaca, May 15, '64. Hartmann J., H, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Hermann John, K, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Indermauer J. K., Chancellorville, May 2, '68. Jahns Albert, B, Resaca, May 14, '66. Jewlson J., G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Koch Joseph, C, do July 1, '63. Krause R., E, Dallas, Ga., May 27, '64. Krueger G., F, Kenesaw Mt. June 22, '64. Kuhn Peter, G, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Kuhn G., H, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Koepnick John, I, do June 22, '64. Kruse F., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Klink J., K, Burnt Hickory, Ga., May 25, '64. LangerE.,0, do May 25, '64. Leken Henry, C , Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Lauermann J. , G^ ChancellorvUle, May 2, '68. Lau John, L do May 2, '68. Meier H., E, Gettysburg, Julyl, '63. Meyer J. G., H, do July 1, '68. Mengeld M., K, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Nemitz R., A, Atlanta, Aug, 8, '64. Neumann J., C, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Niephaus G., F, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Pfau A., D, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Pickeruhn A., F; Chancellorville, May 2, '68. Rost August, A, do May 2, '68. Romag-H., E, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Reisenbegler M., F, Bentonville, March 19, '65. Roehr H., F, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Roell F., K, Burnt Hickory, May 25, '64. Rausch M. , K, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Roehrig F., K, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Stamm L. , A, do July 2, '63. Sasse W., B Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Suettinger J., C, Resaca, May 15, '64. Sohns C, D, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Stoppels F., D, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Schlenstedt H., E, do July 1, '68. Schneider N., E Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Schmidt L., F, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. Schara F., F, do July 1, '63. Schmidt, John, F, Averysboro, March 16, '65. Smith E. L., G, Dallas, Ga., May 25, '64. Schnepf K., G, Chancellorville,, May 2, '68. Steinmetz J., G, do May 2, '03. Schmidt John, do May 2, 68. 1102 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Struts G., H, Averysboro, March 16, '65. Style John, I, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. Stollenwerk J., L Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Stolberg F., I, Gettysburg, July 1, '63. Tolzmann A B, Chancellorville, May 2, '63. Thiele F., D, do May 2, '68. VossF., F, do May2, '63. Westhoff A., D, Kenesaw Mt., June 22, '64. ¦ Weber J. D, Peach Tree Creek, July 20, '64. Waetzel 0., E, Chanoellorvllle, May 2, '63. Wagner M..F, Resaca, May 15, '64. Werner F., H, Chancellorville, May 2, '68. Young N., G, Gettysburg, July 1, '68. ZnehlsdorOFF., B, do Julyl ,'68. ZihlsdorfF., G, do Julyl, '68. Zihlsdorf F., G, Ohancellorvlllo, May B, '68. Zlnke John A., H, do May 2, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. 0. W. Neukirch. oapt., E, Washington, Myl2,'6S N. Vollmer, 1st It., G, Jeffersonville, Aug. 21,'6i A. Metsel, sgt, maj., Washington, July 20 '68. A. Braatz sgt. , B, Gettysburg, Aug. 1, '68. J. Michel, do C, Chattanooga, July 12, '64. 0. Krueger, do 0, Field Hosp., Ga., June 24,'64. F. J. Warver, do D, Nashville, Oct. 14, '64. P. Waldorf, do I, Resaca, May IS, '64. A. Muelhaupt, Corp., C, Washington, Jan. 1, '64. T. Schaeffer, do 0, Chattanooga, June 20, '64. H. Lindemuth, do E, Averysboro, March 17, '65. Philip Nell, do H, Louisville, July 20, '64. Balmes J., C, Field Hospital, Md., July 10, '68. Behling Carl, E, Baltimore, Aug. S, '63. Benda F., F, Gettysburg, Aug. 8, '68. Behnke H., I, Brooks' Station, Va., June 10, '68. Conrad A., H, Louisville, Aug. 25, '64. Dellenbach G., G, Kingston, Ga., July 2, '64. Detsch M., H, Chattanooga, July 18, '6J. Fcldman P., I, Warrenton, Va., Aug. 2, '68. Glijohann F., I, Atlanta, Aug. 13, '64. Hartmann Wm., B, Aug. 16, '63. Hermann H., C, Washington, June 17, '68. Koenig T., A, NashviUe, July 8, '64. Knhlmann 0,, B, do July 19, '64. Kuhlke A., B, Brooks' Station, May 20, '68. Kreuscher Peter, O, Field Hospital, July 8, '63. Koerner Call, D, Goldsboro, N. C, April 27, '65. Kuehn August, E, Resaca, June 19, '64. Kraus George, E, Dallas, Ga., May 26, '64, Lauer Wm:, B, Washington, July 26, '68. Louer John, O, Chattanooga, July 14, '64, LankowF., E, do June 4, '64. Mllke Wm,, D, Atlanta, Aug. 7, '64. Mueller V., H., Kingston, Ga., Aug. 17, '04. Nero F., I, Washington, June 14, '68. Paul John, A, Kenesaw Mt., June 24, '64. Rinke A„ C, Dallas, Ga., June 2, '64. Schwartz H., Chancellorville, May 19, '68. Schwister Mathias, E, Gettysburg, July 5, '68. Stier Christian, F, July 14, '68. Stoffel Peter, G, Chattanooga, June 19, '64. Spranger F., H, Resaca, May 16, '64. Steinhoff F,, K, Chancellorville, May 7, '68. Sonnensohein F., K, Philadelphia, May 26, '68. Textor A., H, Baltimore, July 22, '68. Vondran 0., B, ChancellorviUe, May 25, '68. Vetter John C, G, do May 8, '68. WendorffF., B, Nashville, Julyl, '64. Weifenbach J., B, Chattanooga, June 8, '64. Wildhagen John, D, AnnapoUs, Sept. 8, '68. Woller F„ E, Atlanta, Aug. 16, '64. Winter F., F, Chattanooga, Aug. 16, '64. Wolf Albert, G, do June 17, '64. Zbilowsky J., D, Now York Oity, Sept. 8, '68. Zceger M., G, Washington City, June 24, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. J. Crowley, 1st sgt,, G, Stafford 0. H,, June 6,'6S. H. Llppmann, sgt., F, Ohattahooohle, Oct. 28, '64. F. Laloh, do K, AndersonviUe, Sept. 80, V>4, Henry Dlener, Corp., E, Mound City, Oct. 1, '64. F. Knein, do E, Andersonville, Oct. S, '64. M. Sohnelder, do E, do Sept. 24, '64. A. H. Cassel, do G, Stafford 0. H., Mar. 25,'68. S. Johnston, do G, Murfreesboro, Feb. 22, "64. Braun F., I, StaObrd 0. H., Va., Feb. 19, '68. Balke F., K, Atlanta, Sept. 80. '64. Duehring F„ B, Richmond, Va., Maroh 11, '64. Distler F., G, Anderaonville, Aug. 16, '61. DomkooMerE., I, do June 26, '64. Entz 0., B, Chattanooga, Jan. 8, '64. Eichmeier A., B, Riohmond, Va., Deo. 9, '64. Franke G., K, Chattanooga, Deo. 28, '68. Gathmann A., A, Atlanta, July 25, '64. Hauptmann J., A, Stafford C. H., Jan. 20, '68. Holts A., 0, AndersonvUle, Aug. 90, '64. Hoffranz P., D, Stafford 0. II., Feb. 20, '68. Hammang Paul, E, do Jan. 28, '68, Heldenrelch J.,F, do Feb. 6*68. Held Carl, II. Andersonville, April 1, '64. Jaeger H., A, Oontrevllle, Va., Nov. 80, '62. Jaeger A,, B, Lookout Valley, Ga., Nov. 5, '68. Jenny John, E, Richmond, va. Jenkins M., I, Belle Isle, Va., Oct. 8, '68. ?Krull Frits, B. Krueger J., F, Chattanooga, Deo. 81, '68. Knufmann 0., F, do Aug. 15.,'68. Kowall J., I, Milwaukee, Sept. 19, '63. Llngsch 1-L. B.Murfreesboro, Jan. 20, '64. Lindloge W.,F, Madison, Wis., Jan. 28, '04. Lang L.,1, NashviUe, Nov. 6, '64. Mueller Wm., 2d, A, Aoquia, Va., Feb. 2, '63. Muenzeuberger A,, 0, Riohmond, Va., Deo. 8,'68. Mack C, G, Stafford C. H., Deo. 28, '62. Morquardt 0., I, Chattanooga, June 27, '64. Mueller John K, Stafford O. H. April 16. '68. Nachtsheim J., K, Alexandria, Dec. 6, '64. Olllg J., A, Lookout Valley, Deo. 10, '68. Ostertag John, B, Chattanooga, May2,'64. Oehlke Franz, E, Andersonville, Oct. 27, '64. Pogenkopf H., B, Annapolis, Deo, 7, '68. Parbs Carl, E, Atlanta, Sept, 18, '64. Pleuss D., F., Evansville, Deo. 81, '64. Pfeiffer A., I, Alexandria, Va., Oct. 10, '68. Raatz H., F, do Jan. 81. '68. Roeder N., F, Chattanooga, Deo, 2S, '68. Spangenberg Win., A, Stafford O. H., Deo. 81,'62. Stoltze George, O, Richmond, Feb. 5, '64. Stange Wm., E, Washington, Jan. 4, '68. Stauber J., E, Alexandria, Va., Oot. 18, '68. Sohnorrenberg P., G, Stafford 0. n., Feb. 2, '68. Strupp J., G, Jeffersonville, April 4, '64. Stubnnus A., G, do Aug. 2S ,'64, Salter R., G. Washington, Aug. 28, '68. Stamp P., H, do Oct. 26, '62. Sommer G., H, Fairfax, Va., Nov. 17, '62. Schaefer G., H, Berea Churoh, Va., Feb. 2, '68. Schweneoke A.. H, Bridgeport, Ala., Deo. 2, '63. Temke F., E, Nashville, July 6, '64. Tledeman E., F, do Feb. 17, '64. tKoetzdinger A., P, Rappahannook, Sept. 17, '63. JThlele H., B, Stafford 0. A,, Maroh 1, '68. ? Taken s'u-k on maroh, near Stafford Court House. Va,, and probably died. t Drowned. X Suicide. Killed In action 125 Died of wounds 66 Dledof disease 68 Died of Accident 2 Total . TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 1103 TWENTY- SEVENTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. G. Schmidt, oorp., E, Pine Bluff, May 28, '64. E. H. Bates, do F, Prairie d'Ane, April 10, '64 Anding Wm., G, Okolona, Ark., April 8, '64. Bart P., D, Jenkins' Ferry, Ark., AprU 80, '64. ?Cole G. W., F, do April 80, '64. Dickenshort L. ,A, do April 80 '64. Johnson John, B, Spanish Fort, Ala., April 2, '65. Knox P., G, Okolona, April 8, '64. Liefbroer J., F, Smith's Land'g, Ark., May 21, '64, Osborn W. A, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64. Radley E. S., I, Spanish Fort, April 5, '66. Stagg W. H., B, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64. Vilet Safra, A Okolona, April 8, '64. Wltte C, O, Jenkins' Ferry, April 30, '64. Ziebarth A., E, Spanish Fort, March 28, '65. DIED OF WOUNDS. P. Theiss, sgt., O, Princeton, Ark., May 8, '64. Brass A., I, New Orleans, April 22, '65. tBruck Jacob, I, Jenkins' Ferry, , '64. Knowles 0., K, Elkins' Ferry, Ark., AprU 9, '64. Mandel H. , D, Jenkins' Ferry, April 80, '64. Plinke 0., A, Stmr. D. A. January, Oct. 17, '64. Trudel F., A, New Orleans, April 8, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. JB. W. Stannard, capt. , B, Vicksburg, June 8,'68. A. Hobart, do B, Little Rook, Nov. 5, '68. O. Corneliusen, do H, Memphis, Sept. 9, '68. O. H. Silver, 2d It., B, Duval's Bluff, Aug. 29, '63. R. Horner, do G, Wisconsin, Jan. 6, '63. W. N. Williams, 1st sgt., K, Duv. Bluff Dec.27,'68. H. Hazelton, sgt., F, Memphis, Sept. 1, '68. E. J. Robinson, do F, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 16, '68. Wm. Ruch, do K, Little Rock, Oct. 20, '68. T. R. Roberts, Corp., A, Carlton, Wis., Nov. 6,'62. R. Wilson, do B, Madison, Wis., Dec. 9, '68. F. Gosse, do 0, Little Rook, Dec. S, '08. G. P. Barnard, do D, Memphis, Sept. 14, '68. J. Desloch, do 13, Little Rock, Sept. 22, '64. J. E. Akin, do F, Mitchell, Wis., Oct. 4, '68. T. Brennan, do G, Memphis, Sept. 12, '68. P. Ford, do G, Milwaukee, Jan. 9, '63. L. Norris, do G, Blue Riv., Wis., Nov. 16,'62. E. Nolan, do G, Pine Bluff, Dec. 28, '64. W. Thompson, do H, Snyder's Bluff, July 26, '68. J. J. Nordboe, do H, Helena, Aug. 16, '68. M. Oleson, do H Christiana, Wis., Nov.21,'6S. Arnold C, A, Jeff. Barracks, Deo. 19 '64. Arve F., E, Duval's Bluff, Aug. 81, '68. Altenhofen J., E, Kewaskum, Wis., Sept. 20, '68. Aid John, G, Milwaukee, Nov. 2, '63. Anderson K. A., H, Hospital Boat, Aug. 1, '68. Anderson M., H, Little Rock, Nov. 15. '63. Anderson A. , H, do March 4, '64. AbrahamsenN., H, do Aug. 21 '64. Aadneseu T., K, Hospital Boat, July 23, '68. Bunker J., A, Little Rock, Sept. 27, '63. Brenninger H., A, do Dec. 11, '64. Bodecker A., A, do June 17, '04. Barrager S., B, Memphis, Sept. 6, '63. Becker C, B, Little Rock, Nov. 20, '68. BefingerlL.B, do May 29, '04. Boettner 0. F., B, do Jan. SO, '65. Buchholz W., C, Milwaukee, Feb. -1, '63. Buchholz A., O, do Feb. 1, '68. Bramstaedt John, C Memphis, Oct. 81 , '68. Bailey Gilbert, St. Louis, July 17, '68. Barnes John J.. K, Helena, Aug. 21, '68. Bentrupp F. H.. K, Snyder's Bluff, July 5, '68. Bohm Wm. II.. E. Memphis, Sept. 9, '68. Buhl Joseph, K, Mobile, May 9, '6'>. Burmaster F., F, Chicago, Sept. 14, '08. Burt Elijah, F, New Orleans, May 81, '65. Budholla W., G, Highland, Wis., Nov. 12, '68. 70 Bryngeldsen A., H, Helena, Aug. 13, '68. Clark Charles, A, Memphis, Sept. 18, '63. Copley S., B, Snyder's Bluff, July 20, '63. Couch W. A., B, Little Rock, Nov. 5, '68. Oaya Ezra, D, Two Rivers, Wis., Dec. 28, '63. Cane Alfred, E, Cairo, Sept. 1, '64. Oonley M., G, In Field, Ark., Aug. 15, '63. Cochams John, K, Mound City, Aug. 14, '63. Olasson A. D., K, Manitowoc, Wis., Sept. 10, '68. Dalziel R., A, Memphis, Oct. 2, '68. Delmart Derrick, B, Little Rock, Nov. 20, '68. Dubert F., B, do Nov. 21, '63. Dengen Peter, C, do Nov. 8, '68. Diedrichvandam G., C, do June 8, '64. Demmler John, E, Helena, Aug. 18, '68. Drake John, F, Memphis, Sept. 12, '68. Downey John, G, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 4, '68. Ehrensberger John, D, Little Rock, Dec. 6, '68. Ellis 0., D, Brownsville, Ark., Sept. 5, '63. Ehren John, 2d, E, Little Rock, Oct. 22, '68. Eernisse Jacob, F, Helena, Aug. 17, '63. Fletcher L., B, Mound City, Oct. 12, '68. Feiten J., E, Snyder's Bluff, June 29, '68. Ferguson O., F, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 10, '68. Fassel A., G., Little Rock, Nov. 8, '63. Ferdon Z. , K, New Orleans, May 8, '65. Grover T., A, Milwaukee, March 21 '68. Qlassow F., B, Hospital Boat, Sept. 2, '68. Gilman O. M., B, Helena, Aug. 28, '68. Goedeke F., C, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 23, '68. Gillis Wm. H., D. Little Rock, July 28, '64. Gasmal Charles, F, Helena, Aug. 17, '63. Godar J., F, Little Rock, Sept. 20, '63. Gerriets J. F., F, do Oct. 26, '68. Graf George, F, New Orleans, March 8, '65. Graven O. N., H, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 4, '63. Gundersen Knud, H, Helena, Sept. 15, '63, Gettomsen T., H, Little Rock, Jan. 18, '64. Harlow A. A., A, do July 80, '64. Herminghaus W., O, do Oct. 11, '64. Huss George, D, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 24 '68. Hill Edward, D, Milwaukee, Jan. 17, '68. Haug T., E, Kewashum, Wis., Nov. 11, '62. Hoberg H., E, Snyder's Bluff, June 2S, '63. Hochmuth S., E, Madison, Wis., May 4, '68. Heiman J., E, Olarksville, Texas, June 18, '65. Hart Levi, F, Helena, Sept. 27, '68. Helmich F., G, Memphis, Aug. 27, '63. Helgerson H., G, Little Rock, Jan. 28, '64. Haraldsen A., II, do Feb. 8, '64. Halvorsen L. M., H, Gulf of Mexico, June 5, '65. Horrigan M., K, Little Rock, Dec. 7, '68. Hamilton Wm., K, Memphis, Aug. 4 '68. Joos Mathias, C, Mobile, April 22, '65. Jaksch Lebold, C, St. Louis, Aug. 31 '68, Janke Carl, E, Snyder's Bluff, July 28, '68. Jackson A., F, Memphis, Sept. 7, '68. Johanesen Ole, H, Paducah, Oct. 80, '63. Jords K. A., II, Helena, Aug. 9, '68. Johnsen Jens. H, Little Rock, Sept. 23, '64. Jamesen Sivert, 11, do July 29, '64. Jackson Henry, II, do Jan. 22, '65. Jones Daniel, K, Hospital Boat, June 9, '68. Knowles J. S., B, Greenbush, Wis., Oct., 24, '68. Kibbey G., B, Mound City, April 22, '65. Kohl George, C, Milwaukee, Nov. 26, '62. Kups J., O, Kewaunee, Wis., Nov. IS, '68. Kingsland I. W., D, Camden, Ark., Nov. 12, '64. Kommers A. J., F, St. Louis, Aug. 19, '68. Kassebaum C, G, Little Rock, Feb. 21, '64. Knudsen L., II, Christiana, Wis., Oct. 9, '68. Knudsen Knud, H, Helena, Aug. 11, '63. Knudsen Ole, K, Mobile, May 16, '65. Lonergan D., A, Little Rock, Sept. 15, '63. Lawrence H. O., B, Plymouth, Wis., Sept. 17, '68. Lampke A., B, Memphis, Sept. 1, '68. Lemke Wm., O, do Sept. 4, '68. Lemke A., C, Little Rock, Aug. 27, '64, Linden John, C, New Orleans, May 26, '65. 1104 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Leger E., D, Cato, Wis., Oct. 15, '63. Lyon E. W., D, Little Rock, Sept. 13, '68. Lussenden John, E. Milwaukee, Nov. 12, '62. Large C, E, Memphis, Sept. 10, '63. Loomis Alonzo, F, Helena, Aug. 7, '68. / Larsen Nels H., H, do Aug. ll, '68. Lintved 0. N., H, Memphis, Sept. 16,- '63. LotschF., K, Little Rock, Nov. 24, '68. Lawrence L., K, Milliken's Bend, July 28, '63. Matthiessen J., A, Little Rock, Aug. 24, '64. Monk Wm., B, do Jan. 15, '64. Mulh Philip, B, do Nov. 4, '64. Martinzen Fritz, C, do Feb. 8, '64. Matthies F., C, Milwaukee, Nov. 6, '62. Minick David, F, do Nov. 6, '64. Miller E. , F, New Orleans, March 8, '65. Morgans Wm., G, Little Rock, Nov. 28, '68. Monssenl.,H, do Nov. 4, '63. Mynderse R. , I, do April 12, '65. Nuffer Jacob F, Memphis, Sept. 5, '63. Nolan Wm., G, Milwaukee March 16, '63. Nelson Ellen, H, Mound City, Aug. 9, '63. Nolan Michael, K, Memphis, Oct. 5, '68. Oleson Thron, A, Mobile, April 27, '65. Oemichen R., D, Columbus, Ky., April 14, '68. O'Donnel E., G, Duval's Bluff, Aug. 81, '63. Olsen Soren, H, Memphis, Sept. 22, '68. Priest Timothy, A, St. Louis, Oct. 22, '68. Pronto Sohn, A, Chicago, Feb. 18, '65, Preussler Adgust, B, Helena, Aug. 6, '63. Prieder C, B, Snyder's Bluff, July 14, '68. Patterson G. H., B, Little Rock, Sept. 21, '64. Pfrenger Ernst A., C, Milwaukee, Feb. 1, '68. Piper Jonas, D, Snyder's Bluff, July 19, '68. Pond Simeon, F, Helena, Aug. 14, '63. Phillips C, F, Mobile Point, March 8, '65. Paulsen Jacob, H, Little Rock, Oct. 18, '63. Pierce Joshua H, K, do Oct. 7, '68. Rosey Pierre A., A, St. Louis, Oct. 7, '63: Roberts John, D, Little Rock, Nov. 27, '63, Roehrborn John C, E, do Sept. 28, '68. Rader John G., H, Memphis, Aug. 29, '63. Roethlisberger 0"., I, Helena, Aug. 6, '63. Raabgrund Louis, I, Paducah, Oct. 4, '63. Rumpel Henry, K, Little Rock, Nov. 6, '63. Robinson James S., K, Memphis, Nov. 9, '63. Rasey Hiram, K, Milwaukee, Aug. 15, '63. Scammon I., A, Kewaunee, Wis., Oct. 7, '68. SchaeferP., C, Little Rock, Sept. 14, '68. Selberg F., C, do Oct. 5, '68. Sullivan C, D, Helena, Aug. 13, '63. Sutherland J. J., D, Memphis, Oct. 16, '68. Sinckson John, D, Little Rock, Nov. 2, '63. Sotan Peter, D, do Dec. 2, '68. Smith Victory J., F, Memphis, Sept. 23, '68. Stewart A., G, Little Rock, Nov. 11, 68. Sivertsen T., H, St. Louis, Sept. 28, '68. Skiple 0. A., H, Paducah, Aug. 81, '68. Stensen H., H, Belleville, Wis., July 25. '64. Stenersen Ole, H, Paducah, Sept. 10 '63. SyvertBen A., H, Little Rock, Jan. 23, '64. Stevenson Hugh, H, Jeff. Barracks, Nov. 13, '64 Schmitt Peter, I, Little Rock, Dec. 2, '68. Smith Oscar, K, Hospital Boat, July 28, '68. Tuarnaur John, A, do Jnly 30, '68. Trudel Joseph, A, Paducah, Aug. 18, '63-. Toplin Wm. L., Fort Gaines, March 16, '65. Te Maat A., F, Columbus, Ky., June 4, '63. Te Camp G. J., F, Memphis, Aug. 31, '68. Te Maat J. H., F, do Oct. 3, '63. Te Slaa G. J., F, Hospital Boat, Aug. 80, '63. Thompson Ole, H, Memphis, Sept. 26, '63. Thronsen Ole, H, S, St. Louis, Nov 16, '68. Taylor T., I, Stmr. D. A. January, Oct. ,17, '64 Ulstrud John A., H, Mound City, Aug. 11, '68. IVosknil A., F, Helena, Aug. 1, '63. Van Bps Evert, Little Rock, July 13, '64. Wickham N. B., A, Madison, Wis., May 6, '64. Wright Josiah A., B, Helena, Aug. 18, '63. Willis Horace, B, Rhine, Wis., Nov. 8, '68. Wehrmann Simon, C, Snyder's Bluff, July 15, '68. Welch David, D, Helena, Aug. 3, '63. WulfC., D, Snyder's Bluff, July 22, '68. Wulf Fritz, D, do July 23, '63. Wright H. L., B, Madison, Wis., April 5, '64. Winkleherst G. H., F, Little Rock, Oct. 7, '68. Wiersig Julius, F, Hospital Boat, Sept. 22, '68. Wescott T., F, Jenkins' Ferry, May 4, '64. Whalen John, G, Little Rock, Dec. 5, '63. Wiig L. L:, H, do Aug. 18, '64. Williara'sen Knud, H, Jeff. Barracks, Dec. 17, '68. Wilson Henry, K, Milwaukee, April 8, '63. Zolteis John, C, Little Rock, Nov. 14, '68. Zindel Peter, C, Jeff. Barracks, Oct. 18, '63. Zech, Frank, C, Little Rock, Nov. 10, '64. gJames Farrell, Corp., Arkansas Riv., Mar. 12,'64. JIO'Brien Michael, H, Milwaukee, June 6, '63. §Scherrer Peter, B, Little Rock, May 12, '64. * Missing ; supposed killed. t Wounded, and supposed died. X Accidentally killed. § Drowned. II Burned. Killed in Action 15 Died of Wounds 8 Died of Disease 222 Died of Accidents 3 Total... 248 TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. M. G. Townsend, cap., B, Marks' Mills, Ap. 25,'64. P. Flood, corp., H, Spanish Fort, March 81, '65. S. J. Weeks, do, I, do April 4, '65. Green T., G, Mt. Elba, Ark., March SO, '64. McKinstry J. B., G, Helena, July 4, '63.' O'Brien P., Jr., I, Mt. Elba, March 80. '64. Shabino J., I, Spanish Fort, Ala, , March 80, '65. Vellan A., E, Helena, July 4, '63. DIED OF WOUNDS. Hogg S. W., B, Spanish Fort, March 28, '65. O'Brier. T., H, do April 2, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. A. F. Shiverick, capt., I, Memphis, April 22 '68. I. H. Morton, do K, Little Rock, Sept. 18, '68, A. J. Gilmore, 1st It., C Milwaukee, July 80, '68, J. Noon, do F, Lisbon, Wis., Aug. 10,' 63. J. M. Mead, 2d It., D, Helena, Feb. 13, '63. W. L. Bean, do F, Columbus, Ky., Dec. 29,'62 F. W. Plymptou, sgt., C, Duv. Bluff, Aug. 24, '63 J. A. Hodge, do D, Milwaukee, Dec. 9, '62. Wm. T. Slyter, do F, Helena, July 15, '68. M. Taylor, do F, Pine Bluff, Sept. 21 '64. T. Donaldson, do F, Yazoo Pass, April 6, '68. T. J. Johnson, do G, Helena, May 25, '63. John G. Budde, do II, do Feb. 13, '63. G. Kieselback, do H, Pine Bluff, July 28, '64. N. Yager, do H, do July 14, '64. Eli Clapp, do I, Helena, May 4, '68. Jos. Hannah, Corp., A, do Feb. 10, '63. C. W. Wildish, do A, do Aug, 21, '68. Charles Tack, do A, Little Rock, April 19, '64 M. McCall, do B, Pine Bluff, Aug. 8, '64. E. Stein, do B, St. Louis, April 30, '63. L. Jensen, do F, Pine Bluff, Nov. 28, '64. C. J. Parker, do F, do Aug. 26, '64. H. H. Tillson, do F, do June 4, '64. G. W. Howard, do G, Helena, Feb. 22, '68. John H. Smith, do G, St. Louis, June 26, '63. TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 1105 P. Feely, Corp., H, Pine Bluff, Aug. 24, '64. M. McTaggart, do H, Waukesha, July 26, '68. J. Nattisheim, do H, Helena, May 23, '68. G. W. Short, do I, do April 21, '63. F. L. Allen, do I, Little Rock, Jan. 28, '65. E. Russell, do K, Helena, April 22, '68. ¦Alexander G. T., A, Pine Bluff, Ark., Ap. 27, ' Alexander C. E., A, do Aug. 13, '64. Arnold I.. B, Little Rock, Oct. 84, '68. Ammundson B., D, Pine Bluff, Sept. 28, '64. Althaus Henri, E, do Dec. 18, '64. Aslaksen K., K, Greenwood, Miss., April 5, '63 Ambler William, K, Helena, July S, '63. Bailey Anson E., A, do Feb. 28, '63. Baines Henry, A, Memphis, Maroh 30, '63. Brooks Matthew, A, Mound City, Aug. 4, '63, Baker W., B, Little Rock, March 7*65. Ballard W., C, Helena, Feb. 26, '68. Bingham C. K E, do Aug. 27, '68. Bell S. O., F, Fine Bluff, July 4, '64. Becker P., G, Helena, May 17, '68. Blanchard J. C, G, Pine Bluff, Oct. 15, '64. Brown J. B., G, Helena, June 9, '63. Brain C. J., G, St. Louis, July 29, '63. s Bentley S., I, Pine Bluff, Aug. 24, '64. Bauer Louis, K, Memphis, Sept. 1, '63. Burdick G. J., K, St. Louis, Dec. 27, '63. Churchill C. H., A, Helena, May 8, '63. Churchill F., A, Waukesha, Wis., Sept. 11, '63. Carver Samuel, A, Helena, April 8, '68. Cook E. B., B, do Jan, 23, '63. Crail Hugh, B do April 19, '68. Cross A., B, Little Rock, Dec. 18, '63. Clausen S. G., C, Helena, March 1, '63. Christy L. H., C, do June 22, '63. ?Clark M. J., D, Pine Bluff, June 10, '64. Caldwell C. M., F, Helena, Feb. 22, '63. Caldwell J. N., F, Little Rock, Dec. 31, '64. Christison G., G, Steam Transport, May 17, '63 Cullen C, G, Yazoo Pass, Miss., March 80, '63. Carney J. B. , H, Milwaukee, Oct. 27 '63. Cowles Asa S., I, Helena, Feb. 24, '68. Coulter W. J., I, do April 12, '63. Carle Abram, K, do Feb. 18, '68. Grotty D. , K, Pine Bluff, July 14, '64. Duncan Wm., B, Greenwood, March 30, '68. Damuth Wm., B, St. Louis, May 6, '68. Decker Wm. E, C, Pine Bluff, Aug. 1 '64. De Groat George, D, do Nov. 28, '64. Darrah Joseph, F, Helena, March 2, '63. Dort Amos, K, Greenwood, Miss., April 5, '63. Enders N., A, Fort Gaines, March 28, '65. Fletcher A., B, Memphis, March 17, '63. Finuegan Peter, B, St. Louis, Oct. 9, '63. Fritsinger Levi B., C, Pine Bluff, July 18, '64. FeissB.,D, do Aug. 8, '64. Feder W., E, do March 10, '64. Fielder G., F, Jeff. Barracks, Oct. 30, '63. Foster E., F, Yazoo Ex., Miss., March 29, '63. Freeman Wm. W., F, Memphis, Oct. 25, '63. Felton J., H, Columbus, Ky., April 5, '68. Frank Hiram P., I, St. Louis, June 27, '63. Fichler A., I, Little Rock, Feb. 9, '65. Farley John A., Pine Bluff, Nov. 18, '68. Gillett Peter V. D., A, Milwaukee, Nov. SO, '62. Gripps F., A, Helena, April 18, '68. Graper Wm., C, do July 5, '63. Gray Gabriel, F, Pine Bluff, Aug. 1. '64. Greutzmacher Carl, H, Helena, May 2, '68. Gannon John, H, do June 24, '63. Gebmann Louis, H, Memphis, Sept. 6, '63. Gleason B., I, Tallahatchie R., Miss., Mar. 19, '6 Gaskell John, I, Helena, May 81, '63. Gordon T. O., K, do Feb. 15, '68. Gould Alvin, K, Greenwood, Miis., March 14, '6 Howard Albert, A, Helena, May 17, '63. Harrison Jacob, A, Memphis, Sept. 20, '63. Heider John P., B, Helena, April 18, '68. Howie John, B, St. Louis, April 11, '63. Haight Morris P., 0, Helena, Feb. 26, '63. Hanson Amund, C, Hospital Boat, April 28, '68. Harsbaw A. K., C, Helena, May 21, '63. Holcomb Hiram 0., 0, Pine Bluff, May 28, '64. Hardell John W. , 0, do Sept. 14, '64. Henderson D., D, Milwaukee, Dec. 1, '62. Hare Jesse, D, Helena. April 29, '63. Hills George, D, Hospital Boat, Sept. 7, '63. Henderson S., E, Tallahatchie R., April 3, '68. 64. Hunter Wm., E. Pine Bluff, Feb. 27, '64. Ueinze J., E, Boca Chica, Texas, July 20, '65. Howard N., F, Pine Bluff, Aug. 18, '64. Hubbard M., Helena, Feb. 18, '63. Hartwell G. W., G, do April 17, '63. Hines I. B. J., G, Memphis, Dec. 4, '68. Howie John R. , G, do July 22, '68. Hamlin J. H., H, Brownsville, Ark., Sept. 5, '68. Hunt M., H, Pine Bluff, July 26, '64. Hurtgen P. J., H, Tyler, Texas, Jan. 5, '65. Henry Joseph, K, Pine Bluff, July 15, '64. Jeffrey G. 0., A, Helena, March 6, '63. Jones Jabez, B, Pine Bluff, Aug. 17, '64. Johnson A, E., C, Helena, March 10, '63. Jones W., G, Brazos Santiago, Tex., June 17, '65. Killip Robert, B, Helena, June 2, '63. Knudson II., G, do April 12, '63. Kuhn Charles, D, Pine Bluff, Sept. 29, '64. Kohler Jacob, E, Helena, Ang. 15, '63. Krotz Joseph, E, Pine Bluff, July 10, '64. Kellogg S. S., K, do Aug. 12, '64. Lansdale H. M., A, Hosp. Steamer, Oct. 19, '64. Lobdell E. L., A, Mobile, April 13, '65. Luce C. D., A, Pine Bluff, Aug. 2S '64. Lillie George, C, do March 25, '64. Lewis H. S., C, Little Rock, March 81, '65. Lyke J. G. , F, Yazoo Expedition, March 14, '63. Larsens J., Delafield, Wis., Oct., 7, '63. Lannon T. , H, Pine Bluff, Aug. 6, '64. Ludwig C, H, do Oct. 8, '64, tDarsen N., K, Steam Transport, March 25, '63. Mcllwain D., C, Fort Gaines, March 17, '65.' Miller Isaac, D, Pine Bluff, Nov. 22, '64. {Means John W., E, Helena, May 28, '68. McGill C. N., F, Pine Bluff, Sept. 2, '64. Melendv C. J., F, Steam Transport, March 24'63. Moffit Orin D, F, Pine Bluff, Aug. 30, '64. Malloy James, G, Helena, April IS, '63. Murray James, I, Little Rock, Feb. 12, '65. . Noon Jeremiah, Jr., F, Pine Bluff, March 12, '64. Nott Wm. H., I, Helena,,March 8, '68. ' Nims D. W., I, do Aug. 4, '03. Osborn George A., C, Pine Bluff, Ang. 25, '64. OberlanderS., H, do Sept. 14, '64.; O'Ragan Wm., I, Helena, April 21, '63. Pickle James F., A, Mobile, May 4, '65. Patten P., Pine Bluff, Sept. 2, '64. Pritchard J. F., D, do July 6, '64. Peck Allen P., G, Duval's Bluff, Aug. 28, '63. Peters H., H, Helena, April 12, '63. Peters R., H, Brookfield, Wis., Jan. 5, '65. Peak G., I, Helena, June 12, '63. Peck John T., K, do Feb. 27, '08. Phelps Arthur, K, Pine Bluff, May 28, '64. Reed James J., A, Memphis, Sept. 11, '63. Reise H. R., A, do April 20, '63. Rendall J. A.. C, Helena, May 15, '68. Rugg C. A., C, Keokuk, Oct. 30, '68. Robinson J. W., C, Pine Bluff, Sept. 16, '64. Bobbins C, E, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 25, '68. {Robinson J. B., E, White Riv., Ark., Feb. 11 ,'66. Reinhard C, H, Memphis, Oct. 1, '63. Ross N., H, Helena, Aug. 15, '68. Rice G. T., K, Memphis, March 19, '63. SwanWm. W.,A, do Oct. 81, '63. Stickels J. L. , B, Keokuk, June 15, '63. SmalleyT. M., C, Helena, Feb. 15, '68. Smalley A. C, C-, do April 26, '68. Strem H. A., C, Pine Bluff, June 18, '64. Stinson E., C, do , June 28, '64. Smith H. F., D, Jeff. Barracks, Oct. 20, '64. Simpson C. H. D, Pine Bluff, Aug. 28, '64. Smith Lyman D., E, Helena, Feb. 13, '68. Snow D., E, do June 5, '63. Sullivan M., E, Pine Bluff, July 26, '64. Safford L. G. B., G, do July 31, '64. 1106 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Schneider Jacob, G, Milwaukee, Dec. 17, '62. Stanfield L., col. c'k, H, Clarksville, Aug. 8, Smith Delos C, I, Helena, April 17, '63. SulUvan J., I, Pine Bluff, Aug. 22, '64. Steverson G., K, Dane Co., Wis., June 26, '68 Torrey J. H., D, Fort Pemberton, March 29, '( Taylor John, F, Memphis, Sept. 6, '63. Thornton John, G, Pine Bluff, July 6,1 '64. Thomas F., I, East Troy, Wis., July 18, '63. Teeter Frank, K, Helena, March 6, '63. Van'derhoof 0., B, do Feb. 5, '68. Voght A., B, Pine Bluff, Nov. 9, 64. Vaughn John, I, Little Rock, Nov. 11, '63. Wilson 0. M., A, Pine Bluff, Aug. 8, '64. Woodcock Ira, A, do Aug. 8, '64. Williams John, A, Helena, April 11, '63. Weiland F., B, St. Louis, Oct. 26, '63. Watkins C. W., B, N. Prairie, Wis., Aug. 21, Witherill M. J., C, Pine Bluff, Oct. 10, '64. Watson A., col. c'k, C, do Sept. 19, '64. Warker Jacob, D, St. Louis, July 18, '63. '65. Welch H. J., B, Helena, Feb. 6, '63. Wilford H., E, Little Rock, Oct. 26, '63. Warr Austin , Milliken's llend, June 7, '68. Dletsch. Carl, Vicksburg, July 10, 'OS. DouteyJ., D, St. Louis, July 5, '68. DiuuuthS., D, Mobile, May'll, '6,\ De Forest P.. 1), Memphis, April 16, '08. Donner A., P, NatchOR, Aug. 6, '08, Duilham J. G., F, Altaian, Wis., Oot. 24, '62. Devoe A., G, Vicksburg. June 26, '08. Devorcuux J., II, St. Charles, Oct, 6, '6-4, llowev I-'., K, Helena, Deo. -.'7, 'OS. Davis T. P., K, do Fob, 13, '63. Evans H. 11., P., Carrollton, La., Aug. 26, '68. Eberllne G., K, Now Iberia, La.. Oot. 14, '68. Frank P., B, St. Charles, Sept. 26, '64. FrlU I.., O, Helena, Feb. 13, '68. Flannugan I., 1), Vicksburg, Aug. 4, '68. Fallot. \\\, E, St. Louis, Jan. 30, '68. Fiok George, 11, llolona, Maroh 4, '68. Forward M.. Hospital Boat, April 27, 'OS. Gaskins G. K., A, llolona, April 4, '68. Grifflll F, D,, A, McmphU, Sept. 14. '68, Gregg L, B,, A, St, Charles, Sept. 28, '64. Griili'th David, llolona, Maroh U, '6-1. Giill'oy A I)., B, Vicksburg, June T.l, '68. Grillc'v O. M,, B, Memphis, April S, '65. Ualtev Paul K.j C, llolona, April 8, '63. Mrl<«« N. T., D, do Fob. 7, '68. Gary A. D,, E, Jeff. Barracks, Fob. 13, '68. Grei'nleuf D. O., H, Vicksluirg, July 11, '63. G-oo.iall K., I, Helena, March 16, 'OS. Gilbert L. 11., K, do March 0, '63. Gillett L. M.. K, do Doo. 36, '(12. Hungerford U., H, Youug's Point, June 18, '68, Holcomb G , B, Pris. of War, Texas, Nov. 16, '64, Humphrey It., C, llolona, March 26, '68. llolllsler's 1'., C. Can-ollton. La.. Sept. 16, '68. Hume W„ D, lleleea, March U, '08. Hurlburt W., 1>, Jeff. Barracks, July 22, '68. Hagcr J. It., P. Jackson, July 17, 'OS. Hotellng J. K., F, St. Louis, Sept. 9, 'OS. Hollingsworth J., H, Helena, March ,. 'i*. Uart B. H., K, do Jan. 8, OS. Hamilton A. W., a K,, Duvall's Bluff. Hodge S. J., K, do Jan, 17, '68. Hamilton A. G., K, do Doo. 85, '62. Irvlu J. S,, 1Mb, of War, Texas, Nov. 10, K)4 Jennings A. N., F, Helena, Feb. 24, '68. Jochaui John. G Nov. 9, '68. Karr J., B, Helena, Jan. 11, '68. Kline G. A,, D, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 7, 'OS. Kasteu Wm., D, Keokuk. Aug. 80, '68. Krankle J. G,, F, Carrollton, La., June 14, '64. King H. II., I, Helena, Maroh 16, '68, Kom S. J., I, Tyler, Texas, Nov. 24, '64. Llntnor 0. B., A. Vicksburg, July 2S, '68. Levere T., A, Thibodeaux, La., Aug. 1, '64. Llinbooker J. W. , O, Helena, Feb. 8, '68. Lips 11., G, Milliken's Bond, Aug. S, '68, Lee Jacob I., t, St. Louis, July 20,'03. Moa.1 II., B, Helena, Feb. 20,"'ti3. Mbldlestatos Win,, U, New Orleans, May 24, '64. Milium Win., U, do Feb. 8, '65. Morrison A. A., O, Milliken's Bend, April 19, '68. Montoith K., C, Morganzia, La., June 9, '64 Minnick Levi, C, Helena, March 21, '68, Mack ,1., D, CarroUton, La., Sept. 4, '68. Major T. P., D, Now Orleans, Jan. 1, '64. Moa.l S.. E, MempMs, Ang. 11, '63. Mattis John, F, Helena, Fob. 9, '63. Marks G. S., G, do Feb. 6, '63. Mortenson 11., G, May 17, '68. *Moik1oii C, G, Foil. IS, '64. t Martin Wm., G, Fob. 15 '64. JMoEli-.iv H,, G, Hempstead, Texas, Nov. IS, '64. Mcllullic C. 1, St. Louis, Jan. 29, '6.8. Milholland C,, 1, Memphis, March 9, '63. Mick Philip, K, Now Orleans, Oct.. 10, '63. Nelson John, A Chicago, Oct.. 8, '64. Norton A,, B, Vicksburg, July 21, '63, Niiumo It., U, Memphis, March 16, '65. Nash John, K, Friar's Point, Miss., Dec. 9, '63. Overbeck Wm., H, St Louis, Aug. 16, 'Oil. Oliver K. B,, V,. Jeff. Barracks, March 20, '63. 0'lUloy John, K, Now Orleans, March 16, '64. Parks Wm, H., A, Vicksburg, July 8, 'OS. Phillips E., F, Memphis, March ifl, '68. Preston P. H., It, Helena, Feb. 10, '68. Peterson I., I, Now Orleans, Oct. 80, '68. Page \\\, Iv, Helena, Jan. 14, '08. Mi-hards B., 11, Milliken's Bend, May 1, '68. Roberts ,l»hn, B, New Oilcans, Oct, 11,*68. liho.ios J. A.. C, Keokuk, Oct.. 24, '68. Rockwood J., D, Helena, Feb, 1, '68. liagow G., E, St. liOtiis, Feb. S, '68. Higgle J., F, Friar's Point, Dec, 19, '62. lieiehe C, F. W., G, Helena, Maroll 7, '68. §Rathbura David, 11, Memphis, Feb. 26, '65. Rogers F. B., K, Carrollton, La., Oct. 6, '68. Smith P., A, \ioksburg, June 20, '68. Spooner J., A, Now Orleans, Oct. 48, '68. Smith T., C, St. Louis, July 18, \>3. Spannans C, O, New Orleans, Sept. 18, '68. Smith Jesse, D, llolona. Feb. 20, '63. Spear 0. C, 11. Memphis, March 17, '68. Sehwitzer J., P, Ma.lisvn, Wis., Oct. 18, '63. Sawin A., F, St. Louis. June 10, '68, Sevtl'ortt. C. K., Vicksburg. July 3, '63. Smit.li A., P, Milliken's lien.l, Aug. 18, '68. Sclmlte John, F, Now Orleans, Oct. 26. '64. Shaohte H., G. Carrollton, La."; Aug, 3S, '6S. Spaul.liug l>., 1, llosp. Boat Emma, Jan. 30, '68, Swanton J,,l, Chicago. Aug. 6, '68. Smith trait., K, Helena, April 16. '63. SpauUIng J,, K, do March 2\ '68. Smith N, S , K, Perkins' l.il'g, La., June 26, '68. Schwarta C, K, Williamstown, Wis., Oct.. 7, '64. Thompson It , A, Carrollton, La., Aug. 2;>. '68. Thompson lt, S., Mansfield, La.. Juno 7, '64. Tll.len 11.. F, Helena, March 81, OS. Thorn J, «., F, do Fob, 21, 'OS. Tupper C. M., It, New Orleans, Oct. 12, '63. Torbut S-, 1, Memphis, Maroh S, '68. Thayer 11, K., I. Madison, Wis., Oct. 19, '64, Tripp J. l'„ K, Friars Point, Deo. 12, '62. 1108 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Visgar A. F. , B, Emmett, Wis. , Nov. 27, '63. Veon J. G., C, Milliken's Bend, April 28, '63. Wilsey A., A, Helena, March 18, '68. Wetmore W., A, Franklin, La., Dec. 7, '68. Welton 0. E., B, Vicksburg, July 29, '63. Wright W. H., B, Natchez, Aug. 10, '63. Wollensack A. J., B, do Aug. 13, '63. Wellnitz E., C, Helena, March 25, '68. Ward David, C, do April 21, '03. Wendiand John, C, Memphis, March 1, '68. Ward W., C, Strar. City of Memphis, Aug. 8, '63 Wheeler A., D, Black River, Miss., July 23, '68. Weeks W. W., D, Houston, Texas, Sept. 80, '64. Wilber B. W., E, New Orleans, Oct. 20, '63. Worringen John, G, Memphis, July 29, '68. ||Wexsung August, H. Wiley T. M., I, Helena, Feb. 4, '63. Wiley W. A., I, Cairo, Sept. 7, '53. Yeryes L., A, Franklin, La., March — , '64. Young C. B., B, Pris. of War, Texas, Sept. 27, '64. Derivan P.,t E, F5x Lake, Wis., July 16, '63. Foat A. 3., a D. Morganzia, La., June 9, '64. Glinn M.,8 H, Mobile, May 25, '65. Hartman Wm. ,6 G, May 25, '65. Lukers M.,a I, Mississippi River, Nov'. 22, '68. Peterson P., a K, St. Charles, Ark., Sept. 14, '64. Streich A.,o-F, Helena, Jan. 11, '63. Streeter B.,a K, Island 68, Miss. Riv., Nov. 26,'64. Wrigt A. J.,c F, Blakely, Ala., April 12, '65. * Reported on March return, 1864, as died Nov. 17, 1868. t Reported on March return, 1864, as died Nov. 29, 1863. J Reported on monthly re turn as died Jan. S, 1865. § Reported on monthly return as died March 13, 1865. [j Supposed to have died at Helena, Ark. ^"Suicide, a Drowned. b Explosion of ammunition, c Run over by wagon. Killed in action 40 Died of wounds 87 Died of disease 210 Died of Accident 9 Total 296 THIRTIETH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. O. C. Hall, 1st sgt., I, Ft. Union, D. T., Ap. 27,'65 DIED OF WOUNDS. Olson E., C, New Lisbon, Wis., Sept. 10, '63. DIED OF DISEASE. L. S. Burton, capt., B, Mineral Point,'Nov. 6, '64. B. C. Hugoboom, 1st It., G, Louisville, Aug. 3, '65. J. J. Cogswell 1st sgt., G, Luna, May 28, '64. G. Martin, sgt., A, Madison, Wis., Jan. 15, '63. S. W. Carter, Corp., B, Mineral Point, Ap. S0,'68. C. W. Danforth, do F, Madison, Wis., Jan. 13,'63. L. F. Stilson, do K, do Jan. 22, '03. Bushnell A. W., A, Fort Rice, D. T., Sept. 23,'64. Betts O. B., C, Madison, Wis., Jan. 26, '63. BeardsleyH. D., C, Fort Rice, Aug. 2, '64. Bickford L., F, Louisville, Feb 25, '65. Bruce A. J., G, Davenport, Feb. 8, '64. Bronson A., II, Hosp. Boat, Mo. R., Oct. 19, '64. Boynton D. A., I, Fort Union, D. T., April 4, '65. Chambers D. S., A, Madison, Wis., Jan. 8, '63. Currier G. W., A, Bowling Green, Dec. 18, '64. Case G. F., C, St. Joseph, Mo., Nov. 21, '64. Craven Z., F, Transport on Mo. R., July 8, '64. Coon A. M., G, Fort Snelling, Nov. 10, '64. Carpenter W. J., H, Leon, Wis.. Jan. 22, '63. Corbitt Wm. H., H, Fort Rice, Oct. 8, '64. Crouoh J., H, Louisville, Feb. 5, '65. David L. C, B, Milwaukee, March 7, '64. Delap R. M,, B, Madison, Wis., Jan, 17, '54. Dudley G., H, do Feb. 12, '63. Flagg J. A., F, Fort Rice, Oct. 1, '64. Fidler L., K, Louisville, Aug. 18, '65, Godfrey G. W., A, do March 7, '65. Gilbrutson A., C, Fort Rice, Sept. 26, '62. Getchell P., D, Fort SuUy, D. T., April 25, '64. Gregory C, F, Madison, Wis., Dec. 13, '62. Gould J., G., Davenport, Maroh 24, '64. Johnson E., D, Madison, Wis., April 30, '63. Kellerson P., G, Davenport, April 15, '64. Koethe B., I, Ft. Union, D. T., March 16, '65. Lein John, C, Quincy, Dec. 14, '64. Longfellow G. vV., D, Madison, Wis., Ap. 7, '63. Larson Peter, H, do Feb. 21, '63. McNamara M., D, Fort Sully, April 16, '64. Martin S., E, Madison, Wis., Jan. 5, '63. McOonnell A., E, Bayfield, Wis., July 29, '63. MiUer J. M., F, Madison, Wis., Nov. 24, '62. Marshall Wm., H, do Jan. 31, '63. Masters R., I, Milwaukee, April 5, '64. Prisk P., E, Mineral Point, Wis., Oct. 27, '68. Perry Philip, I, Madison, Wis., June 5, '63. Pritchard S., I, Fort Union, April 5, '65. Richardson D., H, Madison, Wis., Dec. 11, '62. Rolf W. H., I, Above Ft. Randall, July 8, '68. Shaw Wm., C, Madison, Wis., Jan. 15, '68. *Seckell G. B. F, Fort Sully, June 7, '64. Stowell A., F, Hosp. Boat, Mo. River, June 26,'64. Stewart J. B., F, Louisville, Feb. 18, '65. Sprat G. M., G, Deerfield, Wis., June 28, '64. Spear S. M., G, Louisville, July 16, '65. Stanton J., K, Bowling Green, Jan.- 7, '65. Taylor B., A, Madison, Wis., Jan. 19, '63. Torkelson T., D, Fort Rice, July 27 ,*'64. *Truesdale John P. , F, Louisville, April 27, '65. Trahern E. F., G, Davenport, March 5, '64. Watson G., A, Louisville, Feb. 22, '65. Winter C. W., F, Crow Creek, D. T., May 8, '64. West N. M., F, Madison, Wis., April 6, '88. Worden C, G, do April 7, '68. Way H. J., I, Fort Union, April 24, '65. Weirick Wm.,I, ' do May 7, '65. Winters C. H., K, Louisville, Feb. 27, '65. * Drowned. Killed in Action 1 Died of Wounds 1 Died of Disease 67 Total 69 THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. D. Wickham, sgt., C, Bentonville, Mar. 19, '65. C. H. G. Bailey, do E, Atlanta, July 23, '64. Barrington S. L., Averysboro, March 16, '65. Dibble John, Atlanta, July 22, '64. Farmer W. D., F ..Savannah, Ga., Dec. 9, '64. Johnson W. J., A, Bentonville, N. C. Mar. 19,'65. THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 1109 Jackson C, G, Atlanta, July 28, '64. Mabbott J. T., C, Bentonville, March 19, '65. Manson Wm., G, do I March 19, '65. Rynards John, C, , do Maroh 19, '65. Sherwood N., D, Atlanta, Aug. 1, '64. Sawley W. N., I, Bentonville, March 19, '65. Taylor T. J., B, do March 19, '65. DIED OF WOUNDS. J. Downs, Corp., H, Nashville, Aug. 29, '64. Z. Wright do K, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 27, '65. Blaisdell C. B., B, In the Field, N. C, Mar. 18,'65. Cromwell G. F., I, Goldsboro, N. C, Mar. 28, '65. Holloway L. W., I, NasWille, Aug. 31, '64. Sheard E., B, Goldsboro, March 26, '65. Smith F., G, Kingston, Ga., Aug. 9, '64. Smith John F., K, Atlanta, July 81, '64. Thomas R. M., K, Bentonville, March 20, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. W. J. Gibson, maj., Columbus, Ky., Sept. 9, '68. J. B. Mason, capt., E, NashvUle, Oct. 17, '68. G. N. Rogers, 2d It., G, Atlanta, Aug. 12, '64. J. Harker, sgt., E, Murfreesboro, Dec. 16, '63. P. Collins, sgt., E, Wiota, Wis., July 29, '63. J. Magrane, do H, Dodgeville, Wis., July 27, '64, J. P. Matthew, corp. , D, Savannah, Jan. 20, '65. F. Walther, do I, Atlanta, July 27, '64. J. A. McClure, do K, Columbus, Ky., Oct. 1,'68. Anderson E., E, do May 16, '63. Aldrich W. C, F, Racine, Dec. 19, '62. Bliss N. S., C, Nashville, Dec. 29, '64. Bliss F. R., C, Chattahoochie River, Sept. 1, '64. Black L. P. D., E, Gratiot, Wis., June 8 '68. Burritt D. M., E, Nashville, April 20, '64. Butler Louis H., C, Columbus, Ky., July 24, '63. Barnes Wm., I, Murfreesboro, Dec. 28, '63. Beecher Philip, I, Jeffersonville, Dec. 16, '64. Bevens Ell, I, Chesterfield C. H., March 8, '65. Cowen D. A., C, Columbus, Ky., April 4, '68. Coleman Nathan, D, do July 19, '63. Copper M. T. C, D, Murfreesboro, June 29, '64. Church Wm., F, do Nov. 29, '68. ?Carpenter 0. T., K, Adairsville, July jtf , '64. Davis A. L., F, Chattanooga, Nov. 8, '64. +Dunn Wm. N., F, Albany, Wis., Aug. 27, '68. Dent John T., I, Atlanta, Sept. 7, '64. Enoch M., C, Murfreesboro, Jan. 16, '64. Farrell Patrick, K, do May 25, '64. Greidenwise Peter E, do Dec. 18, '63. Glines Daniel L., K, Nashville. Hill George B. , A, Savannah, Jan. 2, '65. Hesley Yost, B, Madison, Wis., Dec. 9, '68. Holdsworth John, C, Columbus, Ky., June 22, '63, *HaskinsA. W., C, Crawford Co., W., Nov. 19,'62 Hanson Lewis, E, Columbus, Ky., July 27, '63. Hall Levi N., Racine, Jan. 16, 63. Hoyt Erastus C, Albany, Wis., Aug. 27, '68. Hanson Henry. G, Argyle, Wis., Sept. 25, '68. Heer F., G, Nashville, Jan. 13, '64. Hall David, H, Murfreesboro, Nov. 20, '68. Hope Robert, K, Wisconsin, July 22, '63. Jones R. B., O, Madison, Wis., Oct. 22, '68. Knobel C, B, New York City, March 27, '65. Klaesy G., F, Winona, Minn., Sept. 12, '63. *Keeu Wm., I, Racine, Wis., Dec. 24 '62. La Pointe Luke, A, Racine, Jan. 8, '63. Latham J. L., C, Madison, Wis., Dec. 20, '62. Lemons David, D, Atlanta, Sept. 17, '64. Latin H. B., E, Columbus, Ky., Oct. 9, '63. Lewis Alfred, F, Racine, Feb. 22, '63. Laird J., F, Murfreesboro, Jan. 9, '64. Layton John, G, Monroe, Wis., May 8 '64. Lattin 0. C, H, Madison, Wis., Oct. 28, '63. Millman F. C, B, Monroe, Wis., March 24, '64. McMahon J., C, Chattanooga, Nov. 28, '64. Mars Joseph, D, Columbus, Ky., Aug. 7, '63. Mudgett W. H., G, do Sept. 4, '63. Muzzy P. D., G, Murfreesboro, April 2, '64. McDonald James, G. *McGinnis M., H, Racine, Jan. 80, '64. Malamphy G., H., Madison, Wis., Aug. 8, '68. Manly R., H, Murfreesboro, Dec. 19, '63. » Murray M., H, Cairo, Sept. 27, '63. MoshierH., H, Alexandria, Va., May 18, '65. McCullick D. J., K, Columbus, Ky., May 9, '68. Norder F., B, do Sept. 24, '68. Overton G. W., I, Chattanooga, July 31, '64. Price R.,D, Nashville, June 19, '64. Porter C», H, Madison, Wis.. April 9, '68. Peat T., I, Columbus, Ky,, Oct. 5, '68. Richards H., O, New Albany, Oct. 1, '68. Ryall John, C, Murfreesboro, Dec. 17, '63. Rood Ole 0., E, Jeff. Barracks, Feb. 7, '65. Ruskirk John, H, Chattanooga, Sept. 27, '64. Richards J., H, Monroe, Wis., April 28, '65. Schober S., B, Chattanooga, Sept. 19, '64. Smith W. H., C, Ridgeway, Wis., July 25, '68. Shaw Adney N F, Chicago, Sept. 25, '63. Stoller U., G, Columbus, Ky., May 7, '63. Strader D., H, do July 28, '68. Schlitter C, H, New York City, April 20, '65. Schooley S., I, Atlanta, Oct. 1, '64. Smith J. J., K, Murfreesboro, April 1, '64. Tuttle Wm. H., G, do March 9, '64. Vaughan A. P. E., A, Columbus, Ky., Mar.24,'68. Virtue T., B, Monroe, Wis., Dec. 6, '63. Welch J. D., A, Columbus, Ky., Sept. 1, '68. Washington G., col. ck., A, Atlanta, Aug. 2, '64. Webster E. C, B, Argyle, Wis., Dec. 28, '62. Williams S., 0, Chattanooga, Jan. 2, '65. Wilcox J. P., I, Newbern, N. C, April 8, '65. Wilsey J., K, Columbus, Ky., July 81, '68. * Killed by accident, f Reported on monthly return, Nov. 29, 1868. Killed in Action 18 Died of Wounds 9 Died of Disease 92 Total 114 THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. I, Eckels, capt., E, Salkahatchie, S. C, Feb. 3, '65. W. P. Lowe, sgt., C, Atlanta, Aug. 15, '64. J. G. Whidden, do F, do Aug. 10, '64. P. Bartell, Corp., H, Bentonville, March 21, '65. Bissett J., K, do March 21, '65. Chipman A, R., G, Salkahatchie, Feb. 8, '65. Gee T. A., B, do Feb. 8, '65. Glass S., I, Memphis, March 29, '63. H. Frelinghuysen, B, Salkahatchie, Feb. 3, '65. Harman A. J., C, Courtlane, Ala., July 27, '64. Hicks John, E, South Edisto, S. C, Feb. 9, '65. Powell R., E, Hillsboro, Miss., Feb, 24, '64. Smith J., B, Salkahatchie, Feb. 8, '65. Thomas S., G, Salkahatchie, Feb, 8, '65. Taunt S., K, Atlanta, Aug. 19, '64. Woodard A., A, do Aug. 14, '64. White A., K, do Aug. 21, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. B. F. Sheldon, Corp., B, Hilton Head, Feb. 7, '65. A. Haste, do B, Rome, Ga., Aug. 21 '64 S. W. Smith, do F, Memphis, Feb. 19, '63 Dyer J., C, Rome, Ga., Aug. 28, '64. Frost W. H., A, Beaufort, S. C, Feb. 20, '65. Granger A. G, Pocotaligo, S. C, Feb. 5, '65. Gunderson M., K, Hilton Head, S. C, Feb. 18'65, Mason D., K, Goldsboro, N. C, March 27, '65. 1110 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Smith A. R. H., B, Beaufort, S. C, Marcrfl, '65 Vasbinder F. M., E, Blair's L'dg, S. C, Feb. 5,'65 DIED OF DISEASE. P. Dakin, 2d It., F, Memphis, July 12, '63. J. Ressique, pr. mus., Nashville, Sept. 2, '64. W. N. Worriner, sgt., E, Memphis, March 25, '63 A. H. Frost, do E, do Oct. 8, '63. C. B. Springsteen, do E, do May 16, '64. J. F. Andrews, do G, do Feb. 22 '63. D. Dan, do G, do March 20, '63. R. H. Mentor, Corp., A, Decatur, June 21, '64. A. B. Everhard, do B, Memphis, May 24, '68. G. Thorn, do B, Lomira, Wis., Aug. 18, '68. D. H. Pease, do B, Keokuk, June 28, '54. L. G, Buttles, do G, College Hill, Dec. 17, '62. C. M. Norracong, do G, Jackson, Ten., Jan. 14,'68. H. C. Gifford, do G, La Grange, Jan. 23, '63. D. G. Rowland, do G, Memphis, May 12, '68. G. Heatlicote, do H, Jackson, Ten., Jan. 26, '68. J. H. Fancher, do H, do Jan. 26, 68. J. M. Cowham, do H, Memphis, June 28, '68. 0. B. McClellan, do I, Fremont, Wis., April 2, '64 H. Rhodes, do I, Memphis, Sept. 4, '68. J. Steffin, do I, Vicksburg, March 5, '64. J. Hunting, Jr., do K, Atlanta, Nov. 1, '64. Alexander J. C, B, Memphis, Nov. 26, '62. Andrew R. , B, do ' July 1 , '68. Armstrong G. D., Decatur, Ala., JulylL.'64. Ainsworth G. W., E, Memphis, Julyl, 'H. Amy S. C, E, do March 28, '64. Ainsworth W. W,, E, Decatur, Ala., June 22, '64. Ausis D. D., F, St. Louis, Oct. 14, '68. Anthony C. M., H, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. Bennett H., B, Memphis, Aug. 7, '68. Bates G. H., C, do June 17, '63. Bradley W., D, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 13, '68. Barnett J., D, St. Louis, Jan. 8, '63. Bellows C, Decatur, Ala., April 25. '64. Brown G. H., E, do May 14, '64. Baker E. M., E, do July 22, '64. Beaulieu P. H., F, Buchanan, Wis., Oct. 18, '68. Babcock D. G. W., G, Trenton, Term., Jan. 25,'68. Brooks W. L. G, Memphis, Ang. 2, '63. Berner F., G, Cahawba, Ala., Aug. 14, '64. Burnett J. A., H. Memphis, Nov. 1, '68, Babcock T. C, K, Courtland, Wis., Nov. 18, '62. Baker Amos, K, Cairo. March 21, '64. Bissett I., K, Bennettsville. S. 0., March 5, '65. Cowles M. T., A, Nashville, Sept. 17, '64. Clark J. P., A, Decatur, Ala., April'19, '64. Crugin R. P., A, Atlanta, Oct, 25, '64. Clement A., A, Decatur, Ala., July 17, '64. Colbert J. H., A, Alexandria, Va., May 28, '65. Curtis G., B, Memphis, Dec. 9, '62. Comstock 0., B, do Jan. 8, '68. Craig R., B, Decatur, Ala., Aug. 2, '64. Churchill C. J. B, Alexandria, Va., May 19,'65. Chaplin L., O, Holly Springs, Dec. 29, '62. Costley N., C, Memphis, Feb. 27, '63. Cameron J. 1'., D, Hospital Boat, Oct. 5, '68. Cranraer A., D, Memphis, Nov. 5, '68. Carpenter C. M., D, do March IS, '64. Cleveland C, D, Decatur, Ala., April 21, '64. Ciperlie P., E, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 13, '68. Cross A. T., E, Memphis, Feb. 16, '68. Crandall D. G., E, do March 5, '63. Claflin A., E, Fish Creek, Wis., June 7, '64. Cannon S., F Bentonville, N. C, March 20, '65. Oonklin G., G, Cairo, March 31, '64. Craft C, G, Nashville, June 9, '64. Cramer W. S., G, do Sept. 3, '64. Chase C. W., H, La Grange, Tenn., April 5, '63. Cummiskey F., H, Memphis Dec. 15, '03. Cornelius W., I, St. Louis, July 11, '68. Carman J., K, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 15, '68. Drayers G. H., A. Memphis, Feb. 17, '63. DayH. J., do March 11, '63 . Daniels W. H., C, Jeffersonville, July 8, '64. Dame G., E, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 14, '63. Drake C. H., E, Memphis, March 15. '63. Darling A., B, Chattanooga, Nov. 6, '64. Deckars J., F, Memphis, July 1, '68. Dequin E., F, Decatur, Ala., June 11, '64. Belong M. C, G, do April 16, '64. Donery J., G, Chattanooga, Nov. 2, '64, Darling S., I, Memphis, Feb. 18, '68.. Dalton 11, C, I, Decatur, Ala., July 15, '64. Davis R. F., K, do July 10, '64. Elliott C. , B, Memphis, March 7, '68. Evans Wm., C, Decatur, Ala., July 23, '64. Edson A., F, Fort Schuyler, N. Y., Feb. 14, '65. Ennis M., G, Jackson, Tenn.. Jan. 18, '68. Everson D. H., H, Philadelphia, May 9, '65. Eisner A., I, Memphis, Jan. 25, '64. Ei'chle C, K, St. Loois, March 30, '68. Esterbrook C, K, Decatur, Ala., Aug. 9, '64. Frost J. W., A, Memphis, April 16, '63. Frink J. E., C, Cairo, April 9, '64. Fay C. B., D, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 9, '68. Fish G. W., D, Hospital Boat, March 11, '54 Ferguson R. M., F, Memphis, Nov. 19, '68. Fansler W. H., G, Berlin, Wis., May 6, '64. Farrington W. A., G, Decatur, Ala., June 11, '64 Farnham J. H., I, FayetteviUe, N. C, Mar. 15, '65. Fromdol B. J. , K, Vicksburg, March 8, '64. Grapp Wm., A, Gordon, Ga., Nov. 23, '64. Gaylord R. A., A, Memphis, Sept. 7, '68. Graham A. G., A, Madison, Wis.. Nov. 20, '68. Grace E. T., A, Memphis, Jan. 29, '64. G-owin S. J., A, Decatur, Ala., Aug. 16, '64. GenungP., C, Memphis, Aug. IS, '63, Green A. G., C, Brownsville, Miss., Feb. 29, '64. Goodrich J. J., D, Decatur, Ala., July IS, '64. Griffiths John 0., F, Memphis, March 26, '68. Geunnar Moses, U, do April 8, '68. Grocnfeld S., I, La Grange, Tenn., March 20, '68. Grignon R. B., I, Memphis, May 17, '63. Gillson T., K, do Sept. 26, '63. HickeyD., B, Rosendale, Wis., Sept. 27, '68. Hitchcock D. P., Canton, Miss., Feb. 22, '64. Uadley L. S., O, Memphis, Dec. 13, '68. Huntress M. P., C, Williams' L'dg, March 81,'64. Henke Wm., 0, Vicksburg, May 14, '54, Hartshorn M., Memphis, Feb. 15, '63. Hinman G. L., D, do Feb. 2, '64. Hoxie L., D, Wisconsin, July 10, '68. Hawkins*., D, Cairo, April 4, !64. Huntington E., E, Oshkosh, Wis., Oct. 8, '62. Horton T., E, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 12, '63. Harrington A. S., E, Memphis, May 15, '68. Horton H., E, do June 5, '63. Haines D. G., F, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 20, '68. Hughe's H. W., Memphis, Feb. 9, '64. Halley W. H., G. College Hill, Miss., Dec. 16,'«2. Harding A., G, Memphis, Feb. 13, '68. Heath Thomas, G, do March 20, '63. Haves James, H, do March 20, '63. Henke Albert, H, St. Louis, April 19, '64. Hutchinson A. B., H, do July 24, '64. Hicks H., I, Memphis.-Nov. 11, 62. Hughs 0., I, do July 11, '68. Hodgins N., I, do July 80, '63. Hunting N. W., K, Fall River, Wis., Nov. 20, '64. Johnson S. D., B, Lafayette, Tenn., Jan. 22, '64. Jackson G. W., B, Decatur, Ala., July 6, '64. Johnson O. P., B, Savannah, Ga., Jan. 3, '65. Jenkins J., E, College'Hill, Miss., Deo. 8, '62. Jenner L. W., E, Vicksburg, March 7, '64. Jerdon M., Ft Decatur, Ala., July 9, '64. Johns Wm., F, do July 15, '64. Korschot D. J., A, do June 4, '64. Kaern F., A, Goldsboro, N. C, March 25, '65. Kinney F. L., B. Oshkosh, Wis., Oct. 29, '62. Kinney E. L., B, St. Louis, April 6, '63. Kruger II. G., D, Memphis. March 8, '63. Kopskie A., D, Rome, Ga., Aug. 81, '64. KochL., G, Memphis, April 6, '64. Kendall Wm., G, Andersonville, Sept. 12, '64. Kendall Lucas, H, Memphis, Feb. 24, '68. Knight L. , I, Jackson, Tenn. , Jan. SO, '68. Lehner J., E, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 25, '64. Leonard J. J. , G, La Gran re, Tenn. , Jan. 9, '68. THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 1111 Lytle E. G., G, Memphis, Dec. 20, '63. Mitchell T., A, do March 80, '68. Marshall R. H. , A, Fond du Lao. Oct. 11, '62. McClaln 0., A, Pocotaligo, 8. C, Jan. 25, '65. Moor T. W., B, Atlanta, Oct. 27, '64. Mitcham U. 0\, E, Amherst, Wis., Nov. 1. '63. Miller D. E., H, Memphis, Feb. 27, '63. May H. B., H, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 8, '64. McLeece N., I, Jackson, April 26, '68. Morgan E. W., K, Memphis, Oct. 4, '68. Noble C. V., C, do Dec. 20, '62. NortenA.,E, do Sept. 18, '68. Nichols A. J. G, Beaufort, S. C, Jan. 27, '65. Orsmond T., B, Memphis, April 22 '63. Oleson Ole B., D, do July 10, '63. Olen A., F, do Oct. 30, '68. Oleson A., K, Keokuk, Dec. 14, '63. Preston W., A, Jackson, Tenn., Feb. 2, '63. Palmer J., B, Memphis, April 5, '64. Powers L. J., B, Chicago, June SO, '64. PhelpsP. J., D, Decatur, Ala., 27, '64. Pendall S., D, St. Louis, June 15, '68. Priebe E., T), Beaufort, S. C-., April 28, '65 . Phillips O. A., E, Madison, Wis., Nov. 25, '64. Paige David, Jr., F, Green Bay, Dec. 8, '62. Pierce T., H, Memphis, March 16, '64. Pygoll T. W. H, do Nov. 17, '62. Pasko 8., H, Ripon, Wis., Feb. 28, '64. Purdy J., H, Cairo, April 18, '64. Prevot D., K, Oshkosh, Wis., Oct. 20, '62. Quadlin S., I, Memphis, Aug. 2, '63. P^urdink G. W., A, do Sept. 27, '68. Russell R. A., Decatur, Ala., May 12, '64. Rheborst J. B., H, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 25, '63. Smith B., A, Memphis, March 13, '63. Sumner J. A., B, La Grange, Tenn., Jau. 24, '68. Sherwood O., B, Memphis, July 2, '63. Steward C, C, Memphis, March 25, '63. Smith J. E., C, do March 31, '68. Shiner Charles, C, do July 30, '63. Smith C. W., C, do Sept. 2, '63. Stoddard H., C, Beaufort, S. C, Feb. 21, '65. St. John R., D, Memphis, March 13, '63. Steel John, E, do Feb. 15, '63. Simpson T., E, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 10, '64. Stevenson I., F, Newbern, N. C, AprU 16, '65. Sutfin P., G, Jackson, Tenn., Feb. 20, '63. Stowe John B., G, La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 18, '68. Simonds C. K., G, Jackson, Tenn., March 9, '68. Schmitz N., H, Annapolis, May 17, '65. Simmonson A., K., Memphis, March 26, '63. Town J. G., A, do Oct. 16, '63. Terbeest J., A, do June 11, '63. Tribe C, D., Beaufort, N. C, April 28, '65. Towle H. M., D, Memphis, Nov. 16, '63. Tennant James, D, Decatur, Ala., April 24, '64. Teller Wm. F, Memphis, MarchSO, '64. Thomas C. 0., G, Chattanooga, Nov. 7, '64. Treleven Daniel, H, Memphis, Aug. 25, '63. Thompson P., K, do April 1, '63. Utley W. H., O, Decatur, Ala., July 12, '64. Vanderbeek A., A, Memphis, Nov. 15, '62. Vanvaltenberg B., E, do Aug. 18, '63. Van Vleet Wm., E, Savannah, Feb. 16, '65. Vaughan Daniel, F, Atlanta, Sept. 12, '64. Wooden J., A, La Grange, Tenn., Feb. 2, '68. Webster G., B, Metomen, Wis., Sept. 24, '63. Wright J. E., C, La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 12, '68. Walker R. R. , C. Oxford, Miss., Dec. 17, '62. White G. H., C, Decatur, Ala., July 12, '64. WilUams 0., O, MempMs, June 21, '53. Williams E. J., D, Jackson, Tenn., Jan. 16, '68. Waterman J. P., D, Marietta, Ga., Sept. 19, '64. Wheeler A. P., D, Goldsboro, N. C, Mar. 27, '65. Whittaker P., E, Memphis, March 11, '54. Wending J., F, Atlanta, Aug. 12, '64. Werner C. W., G, Holly Springs, Jan. 1, '68. Walter J., H, La Grange, Term., Jan. 12, '68. Williams D., H, Memphis, Sept. 14, '68. Wieldschien F., I, St. Louis. Warner E. E., K, Memphis, April 17, '64. Wright A. W., K, Decatur, Ala., May 9, '64. Watson I. N., K, Bennettsville, S. C, Mar. 9, '65. Whitehead A., K, Emptine, Tenn., Mar. 11, '65. JDavis R., H, Atlanta, Aug. 26, '64. *Dumbleton, S., K, Paducah, March 26, '64. *Hill G. H., H, do March 27, '64. tVan Dusen T., C, Jonesboro, Ga., Sept. 3, '64. * Drowned. t Lightning. J Wounds self- inflicted.Killed in Action 17 Died of Wounds 10 Died of Disease 248 Died of Accident, etc 4 Total 274 THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. J. F. Linsley, capt., H, Coldwater, April 19, '63. C. G. Stetson, do I, Spanish Fort, April 2, '65. A. J. McKisson, 2d lt. , I, Chaplin Hills, Oct. 8,'62, W. Sonneman, Corp., C, Cane Riv., April 24, '54. N. R. Hoyt, do F, Tupelo Miss., July 14, '64. A. B. Jones, do F, Cane Riv., La., Ap. 24, '64. Barger A., B, Vicksburg, June 22, '64. Campbell S. M., F, Tupelo, Miss., July 14, '64. Collet S. W., H, do July 14, '64. - McCoy C, H do July 14, '64. Newton W., I, Spanish Fort, Ala., March 81, '65. Quigley T., B, Yellow Bayou, La., May 18, '64. Reed H. , F, Spanish Fort, April 8, '65. Smith W., F, Vicksburg, June 4, '63. Smith A., K, Camargo Cross R., July 13, '64. Tifft J. W., K, Spanish Fort, March 80, '65. Van Camp J. A., H, Atlanta, Aug. 19, '64, DIED OF WOUNDS. 3. Lelghton, sgt., D, New Orleans, April 15, '65. F F Vaughan, corp,, A, St. Louis, Aug. 26, '64. Isaiah Wells, do A, Memphis, Aug. 2, '64. M. C. Pember, D, do New Orleans, April 11, '65. Carr R., F, New Orleans, April 19, '65. Coleman J., G., Tupelo, Miss., July 17, '64. Elam L. A., A, New Orleans, June 5, '65. Hughes W. H., 0, do April S0'65. Stern C, F, Mobile, Oct. 16, '64. Taylor F. B., H, Vicksburg, June 80, '63. Tinkham F. L., H, Bayou Cotile, La., Ap. 25, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. J. C. Moore, capt., A, Avoca, Wis., July 19. '68. A. Z. Wemple, do F, Memphis, March 9, '68. E. W. Burnham, 1st sgt., F, Young'BPt., My81,'68. Wm. H. Coburn, do H, Wisconsin, Oct. 6 '68. F. S. Joiner, sgt., A, Natchez, Sept. 21, '63. J. R. Denson, do C, La Grange, March 3, '63. J. M. Sifford, do D, Memphis, April 17, '68. Wm. Barr, do D, Glen Haven, Jan. 17, '65. I. W. Tracy, do D, Montgomery, May 2, '65. Wm. Cornell, do E, Moscow, Tenn., Jan. 21, '63. J. G. Rector, do H, April 14 '68 F. G. Clark, do I, Memphis, April 8, '63. N. R. Fay, do I, Moscow, Feb. 18, '68. A. R. Roberts, do I, Memphis, Feb. 12 '68 tJ. P. Deubner, do K, Nashville^ Dec. 4, 64. John Ferry, corp., A, Moscow, Feb. 11; '63. 1112 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. David King, Corp., A, Natchez, Sept. 4, '68. 0. L. Bingham, do D, -Memphis, March 81, '68. W. B. Garside, do D, Vicksburg, Aug. 16, '63. E. Cranston, do D, Moscow, Feb. 28, '68. T. C, Billings, do D, Tafton, Wis., May 18, '65. S. E. Lyon, do F, Holly Springs, Dec. 27, '62. A. Pitzrick, do F, Duval's Bluff, Sept. 11, '61. E. S. Serl, do F, Cairo, Aug. 24, '68. J. Thompson, do F, Memphis, July 2, '64. J. K. Van Amberg, do G, Brownsville, Sep. 27,'68 T. Ward, do G, Natchez, Oct. 12, '68. H. Thomas, do II, do Sept. 10, '68. J. Ellsworth, do H, Vicksburg, July 8, '63. G. H. Waldo, do H, Memphis, April 4 '68. H. 0. Harrington, do I, Eastport, Jan. 81, '65. S. R. Allen, do I, Memphis, April 15, '68. XI. E. Odell, do K, St. Louis, Sept. 1, '68. Allen A. D., B, Moscow, Tenn., Peb. 12, '68. 8Aufde.heide J. H. F C, St. Louis, Aug. 11, '64 (Arnold J. K., C, La Grange, Tenn., Mar. 12, '63, Anderson E., G, Cairo, Nov. 2, '64. T Atkinson E. J., K, Black River, July 22, '68. Brock W., B, Hickory Grove, Wis., Jan. 24, '65. Billings L., D, Memphis, Jan. 2, '63. Blake J. H., 1), Floating Hospital, Aug. 26, '68. Barnes A. J., D, Memphis, March 6, '68. Babcock A., E, do Dec. 4, '02. Bunce J. P., E, Vicksburg, July 7, '68. Berry B., G, St. Louis, March 18, '68. Bartholomew A. K., Moscow, Feb. 2, '68. Balch Y. M., K, ¦ do March 11, '68. Calvin H. W., A, Natchez, Sept. 7, '68. Cape J., B, Moscow, Jan. 19, '68. Coyer J., B, Eastport, Miss., Jan. 21, '65. Catlin J. S., B, New Orleans, May— , '64. Carter C. J., 0, Natchez, Sept. IS, '68. ClineD., C, Paoli, Wis., Aug. 15, '64. Callender S. H., E, Vicksburg, Aug. 21, '68. Cheever A. W., G, St, Louis, March 12, '68. Connolly J. B. , G, Vicksburg, March 2, '65. Curtis M. S., I, St. Louis, Aug. 26, '64. Calbert C. H., K, Vicksburg, Oct. 7, '63. Coffey M., K, New Orleans, April 9, '65. Davis J. E., B, Mound City, April 28, '54. Dearth H., C, Holly Springs, Jan. 5, '68. Day G. C, C, Evansville, Dec. 8, '64. Dowse J., I, Memphis, Dec. 19, '68. Emory W. H., B, Wauzeka, Wis., r, '62. Engle J., D, Moscow, Feb. 2, '03, Emmonds W. H., F, Mempliis, Jan. 23, '63. Everson Ole, G, do Jan. 13, '64. Foval G. W., C, Natchez, Jan, 10, '64. Fitch M. E., D, Oxford, Miss., Dec. 19, '62. Flint J., D, Moscow, Feb. 5, '68. Freeman J., E, Vicksburg, July 6, '68. Flint John A., E, Natchez, Oct. 8, '68. Fuller J. W., Hospital Boat, April 10. '64. Fogg C. M., I," Eastport, Miss., Jan. 17, '65. Freeman John, K, Moscow, Feb. 28, '63. Geihl J., O Little Rock, Sept. 20, '04. Gehb II., G, Young's Point, La., July 16, '68. Gray John, H, Memphis, March 23, '63. Groat C. F., I, Wisconsin, Aug. 29 '63. Goodrich II. W., K, Moscow, March 8, '68. Hannaman P., A, Young's Point, July 2, '63. Hodgson T. R., A, Vicksburg, June 29, '63. Holmes D. O., A, Memphis, Oct. 18, '64. Hough W., B, Madison, Wis., May 80, '54. Hillary G., C, Nashville, Feb. 6, '65. Heinman J. II., C, Tuskegee, Ala., June 27, '65. Harris A. J., C, Young's Point, June 3, '68. Hollis George, D, Memphis, Nov. 8, '64. Hutchcrost, T., D, Atlanta, Oct. 29, '64. Helm W. M., D, Memphis, Oct. 24, '64. Hetrick J. C, F, La Grange, March 17, '68. Hurlburt G., G, St. Louis, April 19, '68. Harris Asa, H, Vicksburg, Oct. 19, '68. Hill John, K, Cairo, Oct. 81, '64. Hicks W., K, Steam Transport, Oct. 10, '64. Jacohson Carl, H, Nashville, Dec. 29, '64. Johnson N., H, Memphis, March 19, '63. Knudson I., E, Moscow, Jan. 31, '68. Kast O. D. , G, New Orleans, May 18, '64. Kast H. C, G, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 4, '64. Klass N., H, Vicksburg. June 2, '64. Knopker G., I, St. Louis, July 9, '68. Love H. T., A, Natchez, Oct. 21, '68. Love L., A, Campti, La., April 12, '64, Largent J. W., D, Natchez, Sept. 7, '68. Lard Jonas, D, Memphis, Feb. 4, '68. LardD. H..D, Vicksburg, June 27, '68. Larson 0., H, Natchez, Nov. 9, '68. Lieber W., H., Kenosha, Wis., Sept. 22, '64. Loomis J. R., I, Memphis, Oct. 16, '68. McClyman E., B, do Aug. 4, '64. Mead A., B, do June IS, '68. Morgan P., C, Shullsburg, Wia., June 18, '64. Maxwell A., F, Moscow, Tenn., Feb. 26, 68. Merry G., F, do March 18 '68. McCletchy A., H, do Jan. 17, '68. Mabbott W. H., K, do June 1, '68. Norris P. H., A, . do March 1, '68. Neff Wm., I, Andersonville, Oct. 5, '64. On- John B., D, Memphis, Jan. 25, '68. Olsen Ole, E, do April 80, '68. Olsen S., E, Moscow, Feb. 12, '08. Olsen H., E, do Feb. 10, '68. Owen H. C, G, Memphis, Jan. 21, '68. Owen O. M., II, Vicksburg, Aug. 6, '64. lOwrey T., K, Campti, La., April 12, '64. PurdyD. H., A, Vicksburg, Aug. 9, '68. Phelps D., F, Memphis, June 23, '64. Pierce T., I, Alexandria, La., April 4, '64. Porter C. 0., K, Racine, Oct 26, '62. Randall C, A, Natchez, Oct. 10, '68. Richards G. C, A, Montgomery, June 11, '65. Reeves S., B, Cairo, June 7, '64. Ryckman R., C, St. Louis, May 6 '68. Root E., F, Eastport, Miss., Jan. 29, '65. Rice H. E., G, Madison, Wis., April 25, '64. Reynolds M. D. L., I, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '68. Shields J., B, do Oct. 25 '68. Sanborn J., B, Moscow, Tenn., March 8, '68. Scott W. J., D, do Feb. 7, '68. Scott W. H., D, Memphis, Feb. 1, '63. Sutter L., D, New Albany, Jan. 11, '65. Smith E D, Natchez, May 22, '64. Stafford R., E. Moscow, Feb. 14, '58. Steele F. A., E, Natchez, Oct. 25, '68. Stewart R. B., E, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 14, '64. aSearle J. H., G, Red Riv. L'dg, La., May 22,'64. Smith John, H, Moscow, Feb. 28, '68. Samis S. J., I, Racine, June 26, '63. Stout W. II., I, La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 14, '68. Stephenson W. , I, St. Louis, Aug. 1, '63. Stowe D. B., I, do Dec. 7, '63. Trout Jacob, A, Mound City, May 8 '64. Tuckwood G., B, Memphis, Oct. 12, '64. Tile W., F, Andersonville, July 14 '64. Van Allen J., B, Vicksburg, June 26, '64. Viviers R. F., C, Shullsburg, Wis., July 6, '64. Van Valen C. L. , F, Moscow, March 6, '68. Vincent T. G., I, do March 4, '68. Whales W., B, Vicksburg, Aug. 16, '63. Wood E. F., B, Caspar Cr., Mo., Oct. 4, '64. West M. L., F, Memphis, July 1, '64. Wright M., F, Natchez, Sept. 4, '68. Woods J., G, Moscow, Feb. 22, '68. Wood E., G, St. Louis, Sept. 1, '64. Wells Wm., I, Kenosha, Wis., May 21, '65. Young J. B., G, Memphis, May 18, '68. * Killed after receiving commission, while a private of Co. E, First Wisconsin Infantry. t Committed suicide. 1 Also reported as trans ferred to V. R. C, Sept. 7, '68, on muster-out roll. § Reported on monthly return, Dec. 1, '64. | Re ported on monthly return, Jan. 12, '68. ^ Ac cidentally killed. a Drowned. Killed in Action 16 Died of Wounds 11 Died of Disease 167 Total 194 THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 1113 THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT, DIED OF DISEASE. D. H. Dexter, 2d It., K, Columbua, Mar. 25, '68, G. 0. Slader, sgt., A, do July 6, '68. Wm. Kelsey, do F, do April 14, '63, T. Lorenzen, do I, do April 10, '68. John B. Tricot, Corp., H, Memphis, June 28, '68. Brasser M., G, Columbus, Ky., April 9, '68. BrethowuerB., G, do April 29, '68, Dunkirk John, D, Memphis, Aug. 6, '68. Goodman A., B, Madison, Wis., June 8, '68. Hartwig John, G, Milwaukee, March 27, '63, *Hopf 0., G, Cairo, May 22, '68. Jansen John, K, Columbus, Ky., April 15, '63. Knudson A., B, Memphis, May 80, '03. Llddy J., B, Madison, Wis., Jan. 8, '68. Lammers A., G, Columbus, Ky., July 7, '68. Lamal A., H, Memphis, July 15, '68. Mattebee C, A, Columbus, Ky., June 8, '68. McCrideR.,G, do April 25, '68. tRothwinkler, S., F, do May 10, '68. Vandersander F., F, Milwaukee, Dec. 25, '62. * Committed suicide by drowning. tDrowned. Total 80 THIRTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. Mathus G., K, Spanish Fort, Ala,, Maroh 80, '65. DIED OF WOUNDS. Oannel W. H.. A, Mobile, April 8, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. A. F. Stein, 1st lt, A. rrownsvUle, T's, Nov. 28,' 65 J. W. Bowen, chap., Fond du Lao., , '64, J. Verbryk, asst. sur. , Port Hudson, June 24, '64. C. Reuter, h. stew., New Orleans, Aug. 19, '64. E Klabbatz, 1st sgt., I, do Sept. 10, '64. G O. Stratton, sgt., C, Vicksburg, Nov. IS, '64. J. J. Gardner, do G, Natchez, Sept. 5, '64. S. Schelling, do K, Addison, Wis., Oct. 30, 'lU. J. Eohternach, do K, Port Hudson, July 1, '64, J. C. Albrecht, Corp., A, Morganzia, Sept. 4, '64. W. Raether, do B, do Aug. 21, '04. A. Fischer, do B, Hosp. Steamer, Sept. 1, '64. T. Dewick, do B, Marion, Wis., Mar. 4, '05. G. Peterson, do C, Morganzia, Aug. 26, '64. II. M. Lewis, do E, Duval's Bluff, Dec. 16, '64. W. H. Grant, do F, Vicksburg, Oct. 17, '64. J. Gerhardt, do II, New Orleans, July 16, '64. J. F. Sutter, do H, do Sept. 8, '04. E. E. Eastman, do I, Vicksburg, Oct, 16, '04. E. H, Ricketts, do I, Port Hudson, July 80, '64. H. L. Longstreet, do I, Eden, Wis., Nov. 18, '04. G. A. Florey, do K, Chicago, Oct. S, '64. AdlerP., A, Memphis, Aug. 14, '04. Andersou A. C, B, Madison, Wis., Oct. 21, '64. Ackeruian A., I, New Orleans, Sept. 10, '64. Allen J., K, Reedsburj, Wis., May 18, '65. Brazelton O., A. New Orleans, July 18, '64, BrastedD. W., A, do Aug. 12, '64. Bringolf J. F., A, Natchez, Oct. 12, '61. Brodhagen P., A, do Sept. 28, '54. Bartlett L. 11.. B, New Orleans, July 22, '64, Bywater J., B., Chioags), Sept, 27, '64. Baldwin M. M., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 20, '64. Buzzell T., C, Morganzia, La., Oct, 6. '64. Brusliel G. W., D, Port Hudson, Juno 11, '64. Bohmert F., D, do June 7, '64. Bendlnger P., D, Wauwatosa, Wis., Nov. 18, '61. Bailey G. W., E, New Orleans, Aug. 2, '64. Best H.. E, do Sept. 10, '64. Bacon J. M., E, Natchez, July 28 '64. BlakeyJ., E, do Sept. 19, '01. Banten H., G, Vicksburg, Sept. 24, '64. Blrchler M,, 11, Port Hudson, July 17, '64. Baldauf John, H, New Orleans, July 17, '64. Blaok C, H, Steamer Diana, Sept 26, '64. Brown M. P., 11, Morganzia, Sept. SO, '04. Bornum J. E , I, do Sept, 22, *64. Bennett J. H., I, New Orleans, Aug. SO, '64. Becker J. G., K, Brownsville, Tex., Nov. 16, '65. Burdick E. P., Morganzia, Nov. 16, '64. Cruther A. L., A, do Nov. 28, '04. Clark S., 0, Port Hudson, May 22, '64. Oampton R., 0, Milwaukee, Feb. 8, '64. Cofi-in C. B., D, Morganzia, Aug. 21, '64. Chappell J. W., D, Natchez, Aug. 29, '64. Clifford J. C, D, Vicksburg, Aug. 25, '54. Oronln T., D, New Orleans, July 28, '64. CobbE,,E, do Oct. 12, '64. Connelly W. H., G, do Sept. 5j '64. Carley G. R., II, St. Louis, June IS, '64. Crosior R., H, New Orleans, Aug. 11, '64. Cameron H., I, Morganzia, Aug. 11, '54. Gary Wm., I, do Aug. 28, '64. Cornwell E., I, Hospital Boat, Aug. 2S, '64. Cullen D., K, Morganzia, Sept. 8, '64. Doxtator J., A, New Orleans, Oct. 10, '64. Dieter L., A, Brownsville, Ark., Nov. 22, '64. Duvigneaud J., A, Vicksburg, Oct. 20, '64. DonovauJ. H., B, White Riv., Ark., July 19, '64. Davis C., B, Vicksburg, Nov. 5, '04. Desloch J., O, Morganzia, Aug. 26, '64. Daniels P. F., C, New Orleans, Sept. 22, '64. Davis T. D., C, Port Hudson, July SO, '64. Dick F. M., D, Vicksburg, July 22, '64. IHmick E. A., E, Baton Rouge, Aug. 27, '64. Dickson O., F, Morganzia, Aug. 26, '64. Drossen B., II, Port Hudson, July 15, '64. Devin John, II, Whitewater, Wis., Oct. 9, '64. Dunham W. 11., I, Morganzia, Aug. 15, '64. Evert O. W., A, do July 4, '64. Early J. W., A, Port Hudson, Aug. 18, '64. lOhmde W., A, Duval's Bluff, Dec. 26, '64. Klllott I. D., B, Steamer Polar Star, July 22, '64. Esterbraoks E., B, Vicksburg, Sept. 1, '64. Rlfers J., B, Cairo, Sept. 28, '64. Evan W., I, Milwaukee, Oct. 14, '64. Failing R., A, Memphis, Julv 2S, '64. Fischer H..B, Brownsville, Texas, Feb. 8, '66. Frank M., D, New Orleans, Sept. 21, '64. Fuessing 11,, E, Port Hudson, June 8, '64. Fowler G., F, Cairo, Oct. 10, '64. l'lsk H. T., G, Port Hudson, June 8, '64. Farrell J., G, Duval's Bluff, Dec. 21, '64. Frana J., H, Vicksburg, Aug. 10, '54. Fusshoeller M., H, New Orleans, Sept. 14, '64. Ferguson S., I, Natchez, Aug. 10, '64. French II., I, Ironton, Wis., Oct.- 5, '64. Gebrande A., B., New Orleans, Aug. 11, '64. Granger Z., B, do Oct. 2, '64. Grab J., B, do Oot. 28, '64. Graff Wm., 0, Transport, July 15, '64. Graham J., 0, New Orleans, Sept. 20, '64. Groves E., D, Port Hudson, June 21, >64. 1114 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Gibson D. J., E, St. Charles, Aug. 2, '64. Gower C, F, New Orleans, Aug. 24, '64. Gates G. W., G, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 27, '64, GokeyE., H, Cairo, Oct. 8, '64. Goebei Henry, H, New Orleans, Oct. 25, '64. Graber W. T., I, Port Hudson, June 14, '64. Gilbert J., I, Milwaukee, April 10, '64. Gantner M., K, Memphis, Sept. 2, '64. Henrichs G. , A, Port Hudson, June 10, '64. Haehne G., A, Steamer Diana, Sept. 26, '64. Hendricks B. F., B, Port Hudson, June 19, '64. Harst Ahrnt, B, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 28, '64. Hunger W. F., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 19, '64. Hall C, C, New Orleans, Sept. 4, '64. HaskinE., C, do Sept. 18, '64. Huelsmann E., Memphis, Sept. 4, '64. Hayden J., F, Port Hudson, May 26, '64. Huse J. H., F, Morganzia, Oct. 2, '64. Haviland N., F, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. Hook S. S., G, Morganzia, Sept. 23, '64. nuntley D. W., H, New Orleans, Aug. 9, '64. Hangartner J., H, Morganzia, Oct. 11, '64. Helm M., I, Hosp. Stmr. Laura Hill, July 12, '64 Harrington T. B., K, Port Hudson, May 29, '64. HankeC.K, - do Sept. 4, '64. Hunn J. , K, Morganzia, Sept. 4, '64. Ingham 8. , I, Milwaukee, March 2, '64. IngersollF., E, do Jan. SI, '64. Ingersoll R. H., E, Chicago, Oct. 2, '64. Jansen C, A, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. Jung J, J., B, Port Hudson, June 9, '64.1 Johnson J,, C, New Orleans, Aug. 4, '64. Johnson R., C, Memphis, Aug. 5, '54. Jones H., D, Port Hudson, July 28, '64. Jewell J., E, Milwaukee, Jan. 29, '65. Knapp A. B., C, New Orleans, Sept. 29, '64. Korth F., C, Port Hudson, July 14, '64. Kerwer M. , F, Milwaukee, Jan. 5, '65. Keller C, G, Duval's Bluff, Jon. 18, '65. Konrad M., H, Cairo, Oct. 4, '64. Kretzschmar A., H, New Orleans, Oct. 8, '64, Kelly E., I, Milwaukee, Nov. 22, '64. Loell F., A, Vicksburg, Oct. 25 '64. Lindsley W. S., D, Morganzia, Sept. 14, '64. Loomis E., D, Watertown, Wis., Feb. 6, '64. Lord Wm., E, Morganzia, Jon. 24, '64. Liddle T., B, Brazos Santiago, Tex., Sept. 3, '65. Langford J. , F, Port Hudson, July 7, '54. Luke John, F, Memphis, Aug. 26, '64. Loehrer H., G, Port Hudson, June 19, '64. Lenzen F., G, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 4, '64. Landgraf J. , H, New Orleans, Sept. 17, '64. Lehner J., H., Cairo, Oct. 21,. '64. Lambert F., K, Port Hudson, May 16, '64. Leiser B., K, Steamer Universe, July 18, '64. Lumby J., K, Port Hudson, July 17, '64. Lyons J., K, New Orleans, Aug. 26, '64. Moore Henry F, A, Milwaukee, May 4, '64. McNalus J., B, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 4, '64. Morris John, B, do Aug. 20, '64. Murphy C, 0, Milwaukee, March 26, '64. May N., C, Port Hudson, June 22, '64. Morgan R. H., C, Morganzia, Sept. 4, '54. McCurdy J., C, New Orleans, July 24, '54. McCullow M. H., C, do Sept. SO, '64. Meyerhofer M., E, Port Hudson, June 10, '64. Miller H G, Morganzia, Sept. 16, '64. Maguire S., H,.St. Charles, Aug. 17, '64. Martin D. B., I, Memphis, Sept. 6, '64. Maxfield C. L., K, Morganzia, Aug. 25, '64. Mead L., K,- Vicksburg, Oct. 15, '04. Norton J. E., A, Steamer Diana, Sept. 26, '64. Newman A., C, New Orleans, Sept. 26, '64. Nickless J., H, Natchez, Nov. 15, '64. Nicolay H., I, St. Charles, Aug. 15, '54. Newkirk T. D., K, Vicksburg, Aug. 80, '64. Norton L. R., K, Morganzia, Sept. 8, '64. Oleson Ole, A, Christiana, Wis., March 25, '64. Odekirk J. A., B, New Orleans, Aug. 15, '64. OdrichF., G, do July 14, '64.1 Owen Ole, G, Steamer Diana, Sept. 28 '64." Panke W., C, Port Hudson, May 26, '64, Pugh D. H., C, Memphis, July 28, '64. PohlmannF., E, Port Hudson, July 20, '64. Palmer S., E, Morganzia, June 25, '64. Purkis S., G, Hospital Steamer, Sept. 2, '64. PaarH., Morganzia, La., July 11, '64. Penhallow R.,I, do Sept. 23, '64. PughD.F., K, do Sept. 21, '64. Kosenow C, A, New Orleans. •, '64. Richards J., C, Hospital Steamer, Aug. 27, '64. Rugg S., C, Morganzia, Oct. 1, '64. Rhody J. H., D, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 8, '64. Riley John, E, do Aug. 5, '64. Rueton, A., B, Memphis, Sept. 1, '64. Rogers I., F, New Orleans, Sept. 22, '64. Rakutz F., G, Memphis, Sept. 9, '64. Robinson M. C., I, New Orleans, Aug. 81, '64. Schauer M., A., Port Hudson, June 17, '64, Sayre C, A, do July 19, '64. Schmidt C, A, New Orleans, Sept. 7, '64. Stafford J., A, Steamer Diana, Sept. 28, '64. Schmidt H., A, Vicksburg, Oct. 22, '64. Schik John, A, Duval's Bluff, Dec. 5, '64. Schulte Peter, B, Chicago, Sept. 21, '64. Schultz F., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 25, '64. Sherwood J., B, Duval's Bluff, Feb. 21, '65. Stroud S. T., C, Morganzia, July 16, 164. Schultz E., C, New Orleans, Aug. 9 '62. Shumway J. P., C, do Sept 28, '64. Stang F., C, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. Skeesicks J., D, Port Hudson, May 22, '64. Swan D., D, Morganzia, Aug. 21, '64. Simpson C, D, New Orleans, Aug. 25, '64. Scott J., D, Memphis, Sept. 4, '64. Stoner E., E, Port Hudson, June 22, '64. Schammel N., F, Natchez, July 14, '64. Stauernagle 0., G, New Orleans, July 18, '64. Small James, G, do Sept 22, '64. Small J. H., G, Natchez, Sept. 8, '64. Schneider J., H, Steamer Diana, Sept. 29, '64. Smith J., H, Morganzia, Sept. 16, '64. Smith H., H, do Sept. 28, '64. Slater F., I, do June 20, '64. Smelzer J., I, Brazos Santiago, Tex., July 26,'65. Schuh John, K, New Orleans, July 26, '64. Ten-ill E., A, Duval's Bluff, Dec. 10, '64. Toedtle U., B, Brownsville, Ark., Nov. 21 '64. Thompson C, C. St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 2, '64. Thompson M., C, Morganzia, Aug. 14, '64. Terrill J. N., E, Duval's Bluff, Nov. 21, '64. Taylor W. A. L., F, New Orleans, July 81, '64. Todd Wm., F, Vicksburg, Oct. 20, '64. Thompson 0., G, Morganzia, Aug. 14, '64. Toepke A., H, Chicago. Oct. 11, '54. Tuttle H., I, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 12, '64. TaftD. M.,K, do Aug. 24, '64. View M., D, New Orleans, July 15, '64. Vaughan W.,D, Natchez, Sept. 2, '64. Veley G. C, D, Morganzia, Oct. 1, '54. Vannetta T. H., B, New Orleans, Aug. 14, '64. Verker T., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 14 '04. Vanslyke B., H, Natchez, Aug. 20, '64. Vesey J. M., K, Port Hudson, June 27, '64, Wiegleb F., A, Morganzia, July 9, '64. Weber H., A, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 4, 64. Wood C. H., A, New Orleans, Sept. 26, '65. Williams E., B, Madison, Wis., Oct. 14, '64. Warner S., B, Morganzia, Aug. 12, '64 Wilcox O., B, New Orleans, Sept. 9. '64. Wilcox D., C, St. Charles, Ark., July 27, '64. Wrangham M., D, Port Hudson, June 7, '64. Wamby A., D, Morganzia, Aug. 14, '64. Warne James, G, New Orleans, Sept, 12, '64. Willis Peter, Morganzia, Sept. 16, '64. Wind Charles, H, Natchez, Aug. 8, '64. West Isaac II., I, do July 25, '54. Wilson A., K, St. Charles, Ark., Aug. 8, '64. White P. G., K, Duval's Bluff, Nov. 1, '64. Wheaton Seth, K, Milwaukee, March 19, '65. Young W. C, D, Clarksville, Tex., Aug. 8, '64, *Adams L., B, Clarksville, Texas, Jan. 25, '65. *Holdenburg 0. H., C, do Jan. 21, '65. THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 1115 *Proctor W., 0, Arkansas River, Nov. 27, '64. tRodermund A., K, Duval's Bluff, Jan. 81, '65. * Drowned. t Shot. Killed In Action 1 Died of Wounds J Died of Disease., "59 Died of Accidents 1 Total •¦ 265 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. F. A. Haskell, col., Cold Harbor, Va., June 8, '64. W. A. Lambertson, 2d It., B, do June 3, '64. H. B. Ginty, 2d It., E, Ream's Sta., Aug. 25, '64. T. W. Gallagher, sgt., C, Petersburg, June28,'64. W. W. Patton, do D, Cold Harbor, June 5, '64. T. P. Ball, do I, Deep Bottom, Aug. 14, '64. C. G.Sholts, Corp., B, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. C. L. Cleaves, do 0, Petersburg, June 18, '64. H. Vaudyck', do D, Cold Harbor, June 8, '64. H. P. Davidson, do E, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. B. F. Grant, I, do Petersburg, June IS, '64. Arnold L. H., B, Tolopotomoy, Va., June 1, '64. Abel C., E, do June 1, '64. AckenF., H, Cold Harbor, June 6, '64. Bower G., E, Tolopotomoy, Junel, '64. Barber E. H., E, do June 1, '54. Bradford R., E, do June 1, '54. Barker G. M.,E, do Junel, '64. Baker I, E, Chickahominy, June IS, '64. Bacon J. W., B, Reams' Sta., Va., Aug. 25, '64. Bryant F. M., I, Petersburg, June IS, '64. Brice M.. I, Cold Harbor, June 8, '64. Butterfield W. P., K, Petersburg, June 18, '64. ColeD.,C, do June 18, '64. Carle D.H.,D, do June 18, '64. Carter W. H., B, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '54. Conklin A., E, do Junel, '54. Cassidy F,, F, Cold Harbor, June 3, '64. Cramm N., 1, do June 8, '64. Dibol D., A, North Anna River, Va., May 27, '64. Duffy P., B, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. DuBois John H., B, do June 1, '54. Douglas David, C, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Dyson D.,D, Reams' Station, Va., Aug. 25, '64. Dennis W. H., D, Petersburg, June 18, '64. *Endranger P. , G, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. Elm Isaac, G, do Junel, 64. Fritz J. E., B, do June 1, '64. Friday H. P., B, do June 1, '64. Frost G. W , D, Petersburg, June 19, '61. *Fenner G. , Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. Gunnell T., B, Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 14, '64. Gannon John, G, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. *Granolte H. S., G, do June 1. '54. Haydon H. J., A, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Hauser G., B, Totopotomoy, June 1, '64. Hawes M., B, Ream's Station, Aug. 25, '64. Hanford H. , G, Cold Harbor, June 6, '04. Hobbs W.L..K, do June 8, '64. Ingols A. B., 0, Petersburg, June IS, '64. Joslin Jay P., E, do Sept. 27, '64. Johnson Lars, K, Cold Harbor, June 3, '68. Johnson 0., K, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Mclntyre 3. C, A, North Anna R., May 27, '64. McClure C. L., C, Cold Harbor, June 8, '64. Morris T., H, North Anna R., Va., May 26, '64. Newell W. S., B, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. Older W., B, do , June 1, '64. O'Connor C. H., D, Deep Bottom, Aug. 14, '64. Odell C. M., I, Cold Harbor, June 3. '64. Passmore R. J., 11, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Richmond S., E, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. Reck H., E, Cold Harbor, June 3, '64. Reynolds 0., I, Petersburg, Sept. 30, '64. Shepard R., E, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '644 Stl-atton I. D , G, do June 1, '54. Thompson R. W., B, do June 1, '64. Tiffany S. W., E, do June 1, '64. Tisdale M., H, North Anna R., May 26, '64. Utiger G., Cold Harbor, June 6, '64, Wixom R., B, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64, Wiley A. D., B, do June 1, '64. Walker P. 0., 0, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Wright M. D., D, Reams' Station Aug. 25, '64. *Willis D. B., G, Tolopotomoy, June 1, '64. Wortman T. V., G, do May 80, '64. Woodburn E., H, Cold Harbor, June 5, '64. White G. E., I do June 8, '64. Wright H., K, Petersburg, June 18, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. J. A. Savage, lt. col., Washington, July 4, '64. P. B. Burwell, capt., F, Richmond, June 28, '64. R. Lindley, do G, Deep Bottom, Aug. 15, '64. E. A. Galloway, 1st It., K, Petersb'g, Junel9,'6S P. E. Twining, 1st sgt., B, Philad'a., Oct. 11,'64. A. Haney, sgt., B, Richmond, June 15, '64. J. E. Howell, do H, Alexandria, Aug. 1, '64. G. W. Ferris, Corp., A, Washington, June 17, '64 A. Older, do B, Richmond, June 15. '64. C. H. Frank, do F, Belle Isle, June 25, '64. S. W. Hill, do H, Petersburg, June 16, '64. Amidon E. H., C, Annapolis, July 9, '64. Adams N.,D, do June 39, '64. Atkins D. C, F, Sun Prairie, Wis., Aug. 1, '64. Adams A. B., K, Transport, June 12, '64.' Balcom B. B., 0, Petersburg, July 81, '64. Brown H., 0, Deep Bottom, Aug. 24, '64. Bartlett W. 11., G, Washington, June 22, '64. Bittles M., K, Petersburg, June 21, '64. BieseckerR., K, La Crosse, Aug. 25, '64. Casner T., C, Deep Bottom, Aug. 26, '64. Cliipman J. F., E, Washington, Oct. 17, '64. Dayton W., C, do June 26, '64. Earl G. W., H, City Point, Va., June 25, '64. Ermatinger C, K, Petersburg, June 22, '64. Finnell G. W., B, Washington, July 10 '64. Fuller C. E., D, Petersburg, June 18, '04. Grotavant J., H, Reams' Station, Aug. 26, '64, Graham J., K., Annapolis, Oct. 9, '64. Hudson H. W., C, Petersburg, July 80, '64. Hopwood J., C, do • Aug. 20, '64. Hill John, K, City Point, June S, '04. Johnson L. H., F, Dayton, Wis., July 8, '64. Lee P., K, Washington, June 11, '54. Mills C. A., D, James River, Va., Aug. 14, '64. Oppelt M., K, Washington, July 10, '64. Prey E. W., E, Philadelphia, July 15, '64. Peterson L., K, Washington, June 11, '61. Pratt L., K, Alexandria, Va., Aug. 81, '64. Rathbone E., C, Washington, June 17, '64. Rood Wm., E, Philadelphia, July 14, '64. Skilton G. T., I, Washington. Sept. 17, '64. Upwright W., A, City Point/June 22, '64. Van Dusen M., H, Alexandria, Va., July 1, '64, Wilkinson J., C, Annapolis, June 80, '64. Wilson G., B, Richmond, Va., July 15, '64. Wicks C, F, do July 15, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. C. Miller, surg., Geneva, Wis., Dec. 20, '64. W. Graves, capt. , K, Petersburg, Aug. 29 '64. 0. L. Baldwin, 2d It., D, Washington, Sept. 2'64. G. C. Cross, 1st sgt., 0, Madison, May 18, '64. E. D. Tichenor, do H, Andersonville, Aug. 18'64. W. T. Lewis, sgt., A, Salisbury, Oct. 27, '64. E. R. Paddock, do E, Steamer Baltic, Aug. 23'64. J. L. Daily, do F, Washington, Aug. 10 '64 R. C. Couch, do G, Salisbury, Jan. 28, '65 W. WaUing, Corp., A, Petersburg, July 19, '64. 1116 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. G. Atwood, corp. B, Burkesville, Va., Ap. 27, '65, W. B, Snyder, do 0, Petersburg, May 18, '64. P. Dorr, do G, Richmond, Jurie 20, '64. D. Thurber, do G, Andersonville, Oct. 21, '64. L. C. Jacobs, do H, Richmond, Oct. — , '64. S. Oleson, do H, Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 26, '61. M. S. Luil, do H, do Dec. 1, '64. James Davis, do K, City Point, July 11; '64. Austin, John, G, Andersonville, Oot. 29, '64. Adams A. F., G, do Sept. 2, '64. Bolton J., A, Madison, Wis., March 16, '64, Bills W. H., A, City Point, June 11, '64. Brown E., A, Transport, Sept. 25, '54. Bitting C, A, Salisbury, Dec. 29, '64. Bailey E. S., A, Washington, June 1, '65. Barns A. 0., C, Madison, Wis., April 10, '64. Butts M. A., C, Salisbury, Nov. 20, '64. Britton D. A., C, Annapolis, March 26, '65. Beckman M., D, Salisbury, Nov. 15, '64. Boyer Wm. , E, Washington, Aug. 30, '64. Brazee M., F. Salisbury, Nov. 24, '64. Bergin Charles, G, Richmond, June 18, '64. Bowe John, G, AndersonviUe, Sept. — , '64. Brennan J., H, Salisbury, Dec. 10, '64. Boyd J. H-, H, Washington, March SO, '65, Barnes Wm. C, I, Madison, Wis., April 14, '64. Brown G., I, do April 26, '64. Bagley J., I, Andersonville, Aug. 26, '64. Bagley A., I, Salisbury, Nov. 28, '64. Benner N. H., K, White House, Va., June 10, '64. Bradshaw J. D., K, Rebel Prison. Coon D., A, Salisbury, Nov. 2, '64. Catlin J. M., A, do Jan. 3, '65. Corey G., B, Washington, July 20, '64. Courtier H., B, Annapolis, Oct. 26, '64. Corwin J. , E, Richmond, June 6, '64. Chapin M. J., F, Leeds, Wis., Maroh 30, '65. Crites J. , G, Salisbury, Jan. 25, '65. Calkins R., I, Washington, June 10, '64. Campbell G. W., K, Gen. Hos., N. J., June 27,64. Cable M. J., K, Salisbury, Oct. 22, '64. Coleman J., K, do Oct. 16. '54. Crosby O. T., K, do Davis D. W. A, do Dec. 5, '64. Dyball J., A, do Dec. 5, '64. Davis J. F., B, Andersonville, Sept. 1, '64. DuBois J. V., B, Salisbury, Feb. 28, '65. Dickerson G., D, do Dec. 3< '64. Dick B., G, Andersonville, Aug. 25, '64. Dunston T. A., H, Annapolis, Sept 12, '64. Daggett A., H, Salisbury, Nov. 27, '64. Dorgan P., H, do Dec. 2, '64. Dougherty T., I, do Dec. 11, '64. Engelhardt H., G, Andersonville, Dec. 14, '64. Ertel D.. H, Salisbury, Dec. 11, '64. Fan- P., C, do Dec. 12, '64. Flemmer F., D, Madison, Wis., June 10, '64. Foster John E., F, do April 28, '64. Fisher F., H, Alexandria, Va., Sept. 3, '54. Fairweather D. C, K, Belle Isle. Sept. 12, '64. Grout F., B, Madison, Wis., April 4, '64. Graves N., C, Salisbury, Dec. 14, '54. Griggs J. A., E, do Jan. — , '65. Goom J., G, Andersonville, Aag. 22, '64. Goom T. E., G, Salisbury, Dec. 9, '64. Gough Wm., I, do Nov. 5, '64. Hand G. C, A, do Nov. 19, '64. Hoadley G., B, Richmond, June 28, '64. Hopkins J, H., B, Salisbury, Dec. 4, '04. Hathaway H., C, do Dec. IS ,'64. Hubbell J., C, do Jan. 14, '65. Hoag P. , E, Washington, July 21, '64. Hardee E., E, do Nov. 4, '64. Hall John, G, Salisbury, Jan. 19, '65. Hale T. O., H, do Nov. 19, '64. Hayes S. H., H, do Feb. 3, '65. Howe L. V., I, do Dec. 1, '64. Houn John B., K, Madison, Wis., April 28, '64. Hoyt II. J., K, Rebel Prison. Jacobs John, A, Salisbury, Nov. 6, '64. Jayne E. L., B, Washington Co., Wis., Ap. 5, '64. Kruger W., D, Salisbury, Dec. 10, '64. Knoche H., E, Madison, Wis., March 30, '64. Kroenig F., G, Salisbury, Jan. 20, '65. Kruger Wm. , G, Andersonville, Sept, 17, '64. Kohler J., H, Washington, Aug. 14, '64. Larson L., B, Madison, Wis., April 1, '64. Loebs L., E, Washington, Oct. 5, '64. Larrabee G., G, do July 19, '64. Lee John, H, City Point, July 18, '64. Lathrop W. W., 1, Madison, Wis., March 25, '65. Laforge J. T., K, do March 29, '64. Moore A. N., A, do April 4, '64. Moon W. W., A, do April 15. '64. McNarlin A. J., A, Salisbury, Jan. 17, '65. Mead E., A, Washington, July 5, '64. McEvoney W. D., B, Blackwell's Is., Sept. 18, '64. Mathieu H., B, Steamer Baltic, Dec. 1, '64. Mack N., E, Richmond, Dec. 4, '64. McLain G., D, Madison, May 8, '04. McJanklin J. S., D, Washington, Sept. 8, '64. Mitchell H. H., E, Madison, Wis., April 1, '64. Miller M. L., E, Plymouth, Wis., Sept. 6, '64. Marr John B., Philadelphia, Oct. 20, '64. Main H., F, Andersonville, Oct. 20, '64. Malthouse J. , G, Salisbury, Jan. 80, '65. McDonald G. W., H, do Dec. 31, '64. McLauliu C, I, Andersonville, June 20, '64. Mills Timothy, Jr. , I. Salisbury, Nov. 13, '64. Martin Wm., I, Madison, April 16, '64. Norris B. B., A, do May 7, '64. Nichols E., C, Salisbury, Nov. 27, '64. Nash J. B., I, Washington, June 17, '65. NelsonS. L., K, Salisbury, N. C. Priest G. 8., B, Excelsior, Wis., April IS, '64. Pultz A,, B, Madison, Wis., April 16, '64. Pettey H., B, Richmond, July 2, '64. Perkins A. E., Bj Richmond, July 6, '64. Printz J., C, Salisbury, Jon 11, '65. Potter S. D., D, Petersburg, Jan. 28, '64. Peterson N,, D, Salisbury, Nov. 20, '64. Pillsbury G., F, do Dec. 25, '64. Peck T., G, Madison, Wis., April 12, '64. Pease S. A., H, Richmond, Oct. — , '64. Parker R., H, Salisbury, Jan. 16, '65. Pyle A. M., K, Rebel Prison. Randall R. H., E, Salisbury, Nov. 29, '04. Ripley S. D., H, do Dec. 3, '64. Reed Edward, K, do Rains John S..K, Washington, June 28, '65. Slaughter J. C., A, Madison, Wis., March 22, '64. Smith C. F., A, Salisbury, Feb. 19, '65. Smith John L., B, Andersonville, Oct. 15, '64. Sour Cyrus, C, Madison, Wis., April 10, '64. Smith Samuel, C, do May 25, '64. Stevens John E., C,Salisbury, Nov. 23, '64. Stagg Charles N., E, do Nov. 28, '64. Soper Sherman H.,F, do Nov. 19, '64. Skinner H'y A., G, Madison, Wis., March 22, '64. Thompson D. D., B, Andersonville, July 9, '64. Thompson Simon, D, Salisbury, Nov. 12, '64. Thompson Peter, H, do Nov. 80, '64. Tebay J. W., I, David's Island, N. Y., Aug. 8, '64. Virgin Wm. W., A, Salisbury, Nov. 25, '64. Van Borst Lawrence, C, do Jan. 15, '65. Van Vickie Walter, C, do Feb. 2, '65. VanderbuUt, J.W.H., D, Andersonv., Sept. 10, '64. Van Etten, W.C., H, Lowville, Wis., March 4, '65. Wells H. W-, A Madison, Wis., March 18, '64. Wood, Andrew J., A, do April 17, '64. Wright George M., A, do April 26, '64. VVood, John G., A, do April 27, '64. Williams Hugh, B, Alexandria, Oct. 5, '64. Wolcott JeromeB., C, Madison, Wis., April 6, '64. Williams Lewis, H, do AprU 9, '64. Welcher Lorenzo D. , H, do April 29, '64. Wright Albert, H, Salisbury, Nov. 22, '64. Young Charles, C, do Feb. 65, '65. Killed in Action 79 Died of Wounds 47 Died of Disease 168 Total 294 * Supposed killed, or died prisoners of war. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 1117 THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT, KILLED IN ACTION. Samuel Stevens, capt. , A, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Meredith M. W., 1st lieut., K, Fort Mahone, Va., April 2, '65. F. B. Riddle, 2d It., 0, Petersburg, June 18, '64. David Prutsman, 2d It., D, do June 29, '64. Walter M. Howes, 1st sgt., F. do April 2, '65. Morris W. Bliss, sgt., F, do July 30, '64. David L. Cole, do H, do June 18, '64. Wm. A. Endicott, do H, do April 26, '65. John Gailloino, do K, Weldon R.R., Au. 19, '64. B. F. Wheeler, corp. , A, Petersburg, June 17, '64. Charles Clark, do 0, do July 17, 65. JohnW. Estee, do C, do April 2 '64. Eugene Wheelock, do C, do July 30, '64. G. B. Shumway, do D, do June 17, '64. Wm. Meinzer, do E, do July 30, '65. George Cline, do F, do April 2, '64. James Little, do F, do July 80, '64. John M. Cruver, do G, do July 80, 64. G. H. Vaughan. do G, do July 30, '64. John Stockhardt, do I, do July 80, '64. S. Hahpahtakwahnoquette, Corp., K, Petersburg, July 80, '04. Applebee G., I, Petersburg, June 18, '64, Brightman W. D., E, do July 80, '64. Boyer Moses, E, do June 18, '64, Burdick Oscar, F, do June 17, '64. Bergemann C, G, do July 80, '64. Bigelow Franklin, G, do July 30, '64. Bossack Wilfiam, H, do April 2, '65. Bendrick John, H, do June 18, '64. Bishop Chester, K, do Aug. 24, '54. Cross Otis, B, do July 80, '64. Conant Wallace, F, do June 18, '64. Caas George, F, do July 30, '64. Curtln Thomas, G, do July SO, '64. Callahan Matthew, I, do July 80, '64. Caldwell Wm. A., I, do July 80, '54. Domey Henry, C , do April 2, '65. Eager Thomas, D, do July 30, '64. Finley Hugh, B, do June 18, '64. Fuller Napoleon, B, do July 6, '64. Fuller Joshua P, C, do July 80, '64. Forsyth Charles A., F, do June 17, '64. Fifleld Jacob, I, do July 30, '64. Greenhalgh J. E., A, do June 18, '54. Green WiUiam, E, do June 17, '64. Gault Henry A., H, do July 30, '54. Gould Charles H, H, do June 18, '64. Hall John, B, do June 17, '64. Hortz John, D, Ft. Mahone, Va., April 2, '65 Houston Geo., F, Petersburg, June 25, '64. Hillebert John W., F, do June 18, '64. Kasselky, William, H, do June IS, '64. Long Edmund, G, do July 24, '64. Lea Thomas H., G, do July 30, '54. Lang Nicholas H., G, do July 80, '64. Lincoln, O. M., G, do July 30 '64. Lease WilUam A., I, do June lb, '64. Marshall John S., E, do June 18, '64. McCloud Dudley, H, do June 18, '64. MaUow Frederick, H, do April 2, '65. Moshshenosh B., K, Weldon R. R., Aug 21. '64. Neff Charles J., G, Petersburg, July 30, '64. Nahshokahappah A., K. do July 30, '64. Nahwahquah Job. , K, do July 30, '64. O'Reilly Michael, D, do July 26, '64. Pergoy Nath., C, do July 80, '64. Partridge E. B., E, do June 18, '64. Powell William, F, do June 17, '64. Page Adolphus, G, do July 80, '64. Perry Mortimer, G, do April 2, '65. Pero Marius, G, do Dec. 22, '64. Peck Carroll M., H, do June 18, '64. Pahpoquien Jos., K,Weldon R. R., Aug. 19, '64. Reilly Michael, B, Petersburg, June 18, '64. Rasey Francis, C, do June 18, '64. Ross Otis, C, do June 18, '64. Rappold Henry, I, do July 80, '64. Scott Walter, A, do June 24, '64. Smith William B., A. do June 18, '64. Sanford MunsonB., A, do June 18, '64. Scoville L. D., B, do June 18, '64. Selleck Isaac. F, do June 18, '64. Tuttle Peter H., B, do June 17, '54. Thompson John, E, do June 17, '64. Thompson C. B., E, do June 17, '64. Trigel Reinhart H, do July 30. '64. Upright Theod. T., G, do July 80, '64. Van Dusen E. N., A, do July 30, '64, Van Hosen Norris, F, do July 22, '64. Warner James L., A, do June 18, '64. Whitney Almeron, A, do June 18, '64. Wojahn Wilhelm, B, do June IS, '64. Walden Elisha H., F. do July SO, '64. Wood'Aiesel, H., do July 30, '64. Young Aaron, B, do June 17, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. Frank A. Cole, capt., B, Washington, Oct. 4, '64. Allen A. Burnett, do K, do Aug. 18, '64, William H. Earl, 1st It., B, do July 4 '64. Arch. Douglas, 1st sgt., E; Petersburg, Aug, 2, '64. O. E. Rite, sgt., B, Lovell Hosp., R.I.,Aug. 14,'64 Wm. H. Green, sgt., C, Hospital, July 9, 64. John Butcher, sgt., F, Petersburg, June 26, '64. H. G. Brown, Corp., B., Washington, Aug. 8, '64. JoelDuell, do D, Petersburg, July 28, '64. Dan. C. Eager, do D, Washington, July 14, '64. L. T. Bristol, do G, New York, Aug. 14, '64. W. E. Hussey, do G, Petersburg, April 3, 65. Bates Aaron G., I, Portsmouth Grove, Aug. 6, '64. Crocker A. E., C, Washington, July 10, '64. Carleton H. D., F, do Sept. 17, '64. Crabtree John, H., do Nov. 8, '64. Cllnkhammer P., H, do Aug. 8, '64. Dane Henry, K, Petersburg, April 5. '65. Gillett M. G., H, General Hospital, July 20, '64. Hoefner J., F, Washington, April 20, '65. Jones Evan W., F, General Hospital, June 21, '65. Kimball N., I., David's Island, N. Y„ July 8, '64. Lane JesseJA, Washington, July 7, '64. Lai-kins James, E, Hospital, Aug. 17, '54. Lynn John, F, Washington, April 9, '65. Long Thos., II, do July 6, '64. Luchterband E., H, do July 3, '64. Nickell Chas., G, Beverly, N. J., Oct. 22, '64. Nelson G'., K, prisoner of war, May 20, '65. Peake John, A, Washington, July 7, '64. Palmer Miner, G, Petersburg, Aug. 2, '64. Rubber B., K, Washington, Aug. 8, '64. Springer Sam., A, do Sept. 4, '64. Schroeder C. sen., H, Annapolis, July 6, '64. SlonagerF., H, General Hospital, July 24, '64. Walker Peter, C, Petersburg, Aug. 22, '64. Wood Charles, C, General Hospital, July 19, '64. Wager Marcus, D, Washington, July 8, '64. Wir.loughby J. R., H, General Hosp., Sept. 12, '64. Wilcox Seth, I, City Point, Va., Oct. 4, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. S. Jones, 1st It., A, Philadelphia, Aug. 29, '64. W. C. Pope, 2d It., D, Mansfield, 0, April 80, '64. Daniel Waltz, 1st sergt., E, City Point, Jan. 8,,'65, O. H. Hunt, sergt., A, Alexandria, Dec. 14, '64. G. W. Gustin, do D, City Point, Jan. 8, '65. Wm. T. Bishop, do E, hospital boat. Tim. E. Wade, Corp., A, Alexandria, Nov, 7, '64. F. Hayward, Corp., D, Willard's Point, Oct. 5, '64, Z. Westbrook, do D, Danville, Va., Nov. 7, '64. |G. M. Davis, do E, Portsmouth Grove, R. I. 1118 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. "Wm. A. Fletcher, corp., E, hospital, July, '64. *Jos. Kennedy, corp., E, Petersburg, Mar. 16. '65. Pat. McGowan, do K, Danville, Mar. 20, '6'5. Argue T., C, Alexandria, Va., '64. Arnor R. A., G, New York, Oct. 22, '64. Black W. J., jr., A, Alexandria Va., July 12, '64. Beecher L., A., division hoap., Va., July 7, '65. Barnes W. E., B, City Point, Nov. 10, '64. Barnes H. J., B, Berks County, Pa., Jan. 17, '65. fBaker Bryant, C, prisoner of war. Briggs Robert L., E, Danville, Va. Bagley Trnman, F, Washington, Feb, 8. '65. Brown C. P., I, City Point, Nov. 28, '64. Colgrove W., C, Washington, June 17, 64. Combs James W., E, David's Island, N. Y. Comstock Marinus, E, Madison, April 24, '64. Cook Wm. H., I, City Point, Sept. 27, '64. Duly John M., B, Wisconsin, Sept. 28, '64. Daggett George, G, Alexandria, Va., Aug 19, '64. Eaton Cyrus It., B, do Aug. 8, '64. fEvans Bon Device, C, prisoner of war. Eagan Michael, D, Marion/Wis., Sept. 26, '64. Ecke Fred., E, div. hospital, May 22, '65. Farnsworth John, G, Danville, Va., Nov., '64. GilletElihuR., D, Alexandria, Va., Aug. 10, '64. Gillett Cyrus B., E, Madison, June 3, '64. Gunter W., B, Alexandria, Va., April 16, '65. Gordon G. S., G, City Point, Sept. 7, '64. f Graham Samuel, F, prisoner of war. Goodnow Austin, I, David's Island, July SO, '64. Holton John C, B, Madison, April 27, '64. Hogness M. G., C, hospital1, Sept. 14, '64. Harmon Albion, D, Alexandria, Va., July 5, '64. Hills Eber H., D, Madison, May 7, '64. Hurst Charles, D, Fort Schuyler, Sept. 29, '64. +Hills William H., F, prisoner of war. +Hoey George F. , F, prisoner of war. Hammond Lewis P., K, Cincinnati, March 23, '65. King James, D, Washington, May 17, '64. Lee Hugh, B, Washington, June 24, '64. Luhm Fredk., B, do Nov. 18, '64. Mills Noah, D do Aug. 5, '64. Myers Jacob H., I, General Hospital, Oct, 8, '64. Oelson Amund, A, Fort Schuyler, Sept. 19, '64. Osier J., E, Grant Gen. Hosp., Va.,' July 16, '64. tOleson Lars, F, prisoner of war. Putnam Lyman, D, City Point, Va,, Aug. 12, '64. Pulk Henry, I, David's Island, N. Y., July 24, 64. Paponotnieu P. , K, Danville, Va., Mar. 20, '65. Piahwahshah, A., K, do Mar, 20, '65. Rhener, John, A, Madison, Nov. 14, '64. Scoville, A. H., B, Washington, July 15, '64. Scott Aaron, C, do May 29, '64. Speckt Frederick, D, Danville, Nov 3, '64. Sprague Beriah D., E Fort Schuyler, Oct, 20, '64. Saxton Norris W., F, Madison, May 18, '64. Schofield Francis, G, do June 14, '64. Sprague Henry R., G, Danville, Nov., '64. Soper Foster R., H, Washington, Aug. 22, 64. Schons Henry, I, Philadelphia, Sept. 26, '64. tWoods Benjamin, C, prisoner of war. Williams Thos. R., C, hospital, July 13, '64. Webster Francis, C, hospital, July 19, '64. ' Wood Albert G., F, Philadelphia, Feb. 9, '65. Wells Wm., G, Petersburg, Oct. 14, '64. Wahsahwequon, Jos., K, Cumberland, Apr. 7, '65, Killed in action 95 Died of wounds 40 Died of disease , 76 Total . . . . '211 * Killed by falling tree, t Supposed to have died. Captured July 30th, 1864. Note. — The returns of mortality in E Company are very defective. - THIRTY- EIGHTH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION". N. S. Ferris, capt., E, Petersburg, July 30, >64. J. S. Burnham, 1st sgt., B, do- July 30, '64. H. B. Gardner, sgt., E, Weldon R.R., Aug. 21, '64, H. Adams, corp., A, Cold Harbor, June 12, 64. William Dunn, G, corp., Petersburg, Feb. 16, '65. W. R. Hawkins, corp., H, do April 2, '65. Adams Aug., B, Petersburg, June 21, '64. Arctush Frank, F, do April 2, '65. Ballinger Asa A. I, do April 2 '65. Currier Geo. W., A, do June 18, '64. Cummings N., A, do July 30, '64. Cannaday Ira, B, do April 2, '65. Coghis John B., C, do April 2, '65. Clews John, E, Weldon R.R., Aug. 21, '64. Dickey J. W., B, Petersburg, June 17, '64. Dwyer John, F, do April 2, '65. Gregory James S., B, do July 30, '64. Hunter Matt., B, do July 30, '64. Hillsted Ever A., I, do Dec. 27, '64. Johnson Wm. L., E, do July 30, '64. James Thomas, F, do April 2, '65. Parks S. E.B..B, do June 17, '64. Parks Franklin, D, Cold Harbor, June 12, '64. Perrigo Sanford, G, Petersburg, April 2, '65. Richardson W. H.,B, do April2, '65. Raynes John J., D, do Jan. 8, '65. Skesuc Simon, E, do July 30, 64. Btearns E. D., E, do April 2, '65. Setzer Michael. I, do Jan. 7, '65. Thompson X. G., C, do June 17, '64. Trias Chas., F, do April 2, '65. DIED OF WOUNDS. C. A. Smith, 1st sgt., E, Washington, Sept. 22, 64. John Wyatt, sgt., D, Alexandria, Va., April lSJ&d. J.S.Stephenson, corp., D, Washington.June 25,'64. Albert Charles,- A, Petersburg, June 21, '64. Bradford W. II., A, Washington, June 26, '64. Beyer Albert, G, Alexandria, Va., April 15, '65, Cline Adam D., C, Petersburg, June 22, '64. Dana Chas. O., A, do June 18, '64. Donyes John, E, Alexandria, Va., April 20, '65, Dunn Nelson, H, Washington, May 8, '65, ¦ Foss Daniel, B, Willett's Point, N. Y., Aug. 2, '64. Feathers J., D, June, '64. Friesburg HansH., E, Petersburg, '64. Hanson Nichols, C, Washington, June 26, '64. Haynes Wm., G, do May 1, '65. Misler Antoine, E, City Point, April 7, '65. Moska Gazick, F, Petersburg, Dec. 15, '64. Peaches Nippie, F, do Jan. 31, '65. Pells David, K, do Oct. 14, '64. Rivers Alfred, C, Portsmouth Gr., R.I., July6,'64. Squires Jos. W., D, Washington, July, '64. Siempke Gottlieb, B, do Aug. 31, '64. Scott Joseph, F, Petersburg, Jan. 8, '65. Simpson Philip, K, Washington, Dec. 16, '64. Weston Edgar H., B, Petersburg, June 21, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. • H. H. Sleeper, sgt., 6, Florence, S.C, Dec. 28 '64. C. H. Churchil, sgt., C, Florence, Dec, 17, '64. W. II. Weber, corp., A, Philadelphia, June 22,'G4. Henry Chandler, do B, hospital, Aug., '64. S. E. Whitcoinb, do C, Washington, June 13. '65. Finley Snyder, do C, Baltimore, May 12, '64. Joseph Snyder, do H, City Point, Dec. 15, '64. Alderman James, B, Madison, May 18, '64. Brant William, A, Petersburg, Aug. 31, '64. Bailey Frank, B, Washington, Aug. 13, '64. BrownThomas, C, do Oct. SO, '64. THIRTY-NINTH RESIMENT. 1119 Blair Henry, 0, Washington, Deo. 88, '64. Bunker Marion $., C, do May 22, '66. Brown William, G, City Point, Feb. 19, '65. Burdick Joel G., K, Fort Schuyler, Nov. 12, 64. Colburn J. G., B, Washington, June 29, '64. Conway John, B, rebel prison, Nov. 25, '64. Carr Amos, G, Washington, Qct. 10, '64. Camp Sam. J., G, Madison, Oct. 2, '64. Foley John A, do June 8, '64. Harvey H. E., A, Washington, May 12, '64. Hilliard James, A, do Nov. 8, 64. Hicks Robert, C, Petersburg, July 11, '64. Hess S. G., C, Beverly Hosp., N. J., Aug. SO, '64. HiU Willard F., E, City Point, Sept. 17, '64. Hakes Byron, K, Washington, Nov. 1, '64. Kauer Henry F, Petersburg, Dec. 24, '64. Morse Sam. S., B, hospital, '64, Mitchum Oscar U., B, rebel prison, Dec. 29, '64. Mosher J. D., C, Philadelphia, Sept. 18, '64. Mosher F. E., C, Washington, Nov. 5, '64. Martz William, I>, do July, '64. Munger C. A., E, Pop. Grove Church, Oct. 5, '64. Newcomer G., E., City Point, Jan. IS, '65. Osborn G. W., D, Washington, Aug. 19 '64. Pieroe C. W., B, Farmington, Nov. 7, '64. Parmalee D. B., C. Washington, July 25, '64. Proctor Wm., 0, Alexandria, Va.. Sept. 13, '64. Prothero William, G, City Point, Nov. 28, '64. Reed, Warren, C, Washington, June 1, '64. Schafler Conrad, A, Petersburg, Aug. IS, '64. Sears Charles E., A, Washington, Sept. 25, 64. Selleck George A., B, Baltimore, Feb. 18, '65. Stevens William H., C, Washington, Sept. 28, '64. Stanley Jethro, E, Steamer Baltic, Sept. 10, '61. Thomas Francis J., B, Washington, June, '64. Taylor Henry, E, Willett's Point, N.T., Oct.18,'64. Thompson R., K, White Creek, Wis., Sept. 8, '64. Wright John X., A, City Point, Oot. 8, '64. Weiland Henry, B, Washington, July 26, '64. Killed in Action 81 Diedof Wounds 25 Died of Disease 50 Total 106 THIRTY-NINTH. REGIMENT. Note. — The Adjutant General gives no report of the Thirty-ninth. See p. 1135. FORTIETH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. Wm. McE. Himebaugh 6, '64. D. N. Moody, Corp., F, Bushnell C. V., B, Barley Francis A., E, Foster Sol. W., K, Howell Harloter, A, Mellen Henry W., E, Playtor George, A, Schumaker Wm. H., B Sheriff E. A., C, Small Henry J., F, Smith Charles, I, Van Vleck J. M., C, Died of Disease com. sgt., Memphis, Aug. Memphis, Jnly 24 '64. do Aug. 11, '64. do Aug. 9, '64. do July 11, '64. do Aug. 30, '64. do Aug. 20, '64. do Aug. 15, '64. do Aug. 14, '64. do Aug. 1, '64. do July 9, '64. do Aug. 4, '64. do July 16, '64. FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. Chas. Brace, Corp., C, Memphis, July 21, '64. Byrne William, B, do July 28, '64. 71 Hoskln Monroe, F, Memphis, July 24, '64. King George, B, do July 23, '64. Kimball Leander, E, do July 20, '64. Rounds Franklin, E, do Aug. 16, '64. Died of Disease ° FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. George Oleson, sgt. A, Cairo, March 12, '65. H. M. Bryant, corp. B, Springfield, Nov, 16, '64. Ira A. Clark, corp. H, do Dec. 2, '64. Bower John, A, Cairo, Feb. 16, '65. Bradley Chas. S., A, Cairo, Jan. 4, '65. Bump Levi, B, Springfield, 111., Dec. 9, '64. Benson Lewis W., E, do Jan. 14, '65. Benway Myron J., F, Cairo; April 10, '65. Bradway Chas. G, Palmyra. WiB., May 23, '65. Berg llezekiah, K, Chicago, Mar. 16, '65. Buck Artemas, K, Cairo, May 28, '65. Cherwick C, E, Springfield, Jan. 19, '65. Clark Orlando, G, en route home, April 9, '65. Cramer Christopher, H, Olney, 111., April 19, '65. Coan William, I, Cairo, 111., Feb. 28, '65. Dean Merritt W., B, Springfield, Dec. 25, '64. Hill Anthony, B, do Deo. 15, '64. Head N., D, Cairo, March 18, '65, Howlet J. B., E, Cairo, Feb. 22, '65. Hampton Ben., E, do April 9, '65. Hollenbeck Robt., G. Springfield, April 5, '65. Holcomb Wm., I, Cairo, April 17, '65. Jewell Horace, D, do Feb. 7, '65. Kniffin George, F, do Nov. 14, '64. Kelstrup P. C, H, Mound City, May 1, '65. Lewis Ira M., E, Cairo, March 22, '65. Lowry John J., I, do March 9, '65. Landt Jer., K, Big Springs Wis., Jan. 9, '65. Martinson And., A, Cairo, May 20, '65. Matson Jeffrey, A, do March 12, '65. Moore Wm., E, Springfield, Jan. 11, '65. McKee Alex., H, do Nov. 12, '64. McGowan, James, Fairfield, Jan. 15, '65. Outland Isam, E, Springfield, Jan. 9, '65. Palmer Sam. C, Liberty, Wis., April 19, '65. Parker Ellis I., K, Cairo, Dec. 28, 65. Robinson Pryor B., B, Springfield, March 2, '65. Richardson Jacob O. , D, Madison, Sept. 16, '61. Ramsey Thomas M., K, Cairo, Nov, 2, '64. Strobridge Oliver, A, do Feb. 18, '65. Stone George, D, do May 8, '65. Shepherd John N D, do March 28, '65. Smith Henry, E, Springfield, Jan. 16, '65. Saddoris Fred. A., E, Cairo, April 17, '65. Shambaugh John T., Olney, 111., March 14, '65. Steadman Alfred, I, Cairo, June 13, '65. Tewalt Wm., B, Springfield, Dec. 22, '64. Thompson T. A., D, Cairo, March 12, '65. Van Nostrand Wm. H., A, Cairo, Feb. 28, 65. Vance Thomas, B, Springfield. Dec. 22, 64. Van Namee J. S. A., H, Cairo, April 15, '65. Wakefield LaF., B, Springfield, Dec. 12, '64. West Walter S., C, Cairo, May 27, '65. Wamsley Jerem., D, do March 9, '65. Young William, I, do Nov. 22, '64. DIED OF ACCIDENT. ?Baker Robert H., E, Paducah, March 28. '65. *Koch Henry, C, Cairo, March 8, '65. * Drowned. Died of Disease 05 Died of Accidents ]',[[ "3 Total gj 1120 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. Hudson And., B, Johnsonville, Tenn., Nov. 5, '64, Harvell Thos. B., C, do Deo. 6, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. T. Beach, ass't surg., Dodgeville, Wis., Mar. 2, '65. Edwd. D. Lowry, capt., A, June 2, '65. Austin Nye, sgt., 0, Nashville, Dec. 10, '64. W. Hugaboom, sgt., E, Elk Riv.Bridge, Jan. 11,'65. John N. Pulver, do F, Madison, Jan. 12, '65. J. A. Gammon, do H, Clarksville, Feb. 21, '65. M. .Gallagher, sgt., I, Jefferson Barr., Dec. 17, '64 N. H. Hatch, corp., A., Johnsonville, Nov. 18, '64, E. Allen, corp., A, Clarksville, Tenn., Jan. 14, '65. F. Melvin, Corp., B, Decherd, Tenn., Mar. 20, '65, J. A. Gibson, corp., D, Johnsonville, Oct. 25, '64. Evan Morgan, Corp., F, Louisville, Dec. 25, '64. E. A. Seymour, corp.,G, Jeffersonville, Dec. 29,'64. G. W. Likens, corp. H, Johnsonville, Nov. 20, '64. T. Elliott, corp., I, Nashville, Dec. 22, '65. Atwood Jared, A, Milwaukee, Sept. 16, '64. Becker Jacob, A, Clarksville, May 22, '65. Barrett James, B, Nashville, April 10, '65. Barker .Marquis, C, Johnsonville, Nov. 18, '64. Bryson'William, F, Clarksville, Jan. 4, 65. Bartholomew Geo. W. F, Clarksville, Jan. 6, '65 Brunson Stephen, G, Jeffersonville, Dec. 28, '64. Bjorge Ole Nelson, I, do ' Nov. 22 '64. Conklin John J. , A, Johnsonville, Nov. 7, '64. Collins Charles M., F, Clarksville, Jan. 6, '65. David John W., A, Johnsonville, Oct. 20, '64. Deerhammer J. H., D, Clarksville, Dec. 25, '64. De Groat Charles, G, Nashville, Dec. 15, '64. Bean Charles, G, Decherd, March 18, '65. Davis Isaac, H, Clarksville, Jan. 2, '65. Dolan Thomas, H, Decherd, April 21, .'65. Eliis Joseph A., C, Clarksville, Dec. 24, '64. Emerson Ole, E, Jefferson Barr., Dec. 14, '64. Edwards Allen, I, Johnsonville, Nov 21, '64. byre George M., I, Decherd, Feb. T, 65'. Farl John, F, Johnsonville, Oct. 24, '64. Fieldstadt A., F, do Oct. 23, '64. Garber Christopher, F, Clarksville, Dec. 28, '64. Gilbert George, G, Madison, Jan. I, '65. Gould T. B., I, Clarksville, Jan. 15 '65. Haw Thos., B, Nashville, Jan. 8, '65. Haraldsen 8., D, do Feb. 10, '65. Horsley H. J., E, Johnsonville, Nov. 29, '64. Hamilton J. L., G, do Nov. 8, 64. Hale Fred. L., G, Keokuk, Jan. 8, 65. Lillie Dudley, B, Nashville, Dec. 7, '64. Lewis Andrew, 1-1, Johnsonville, Nov 27, '64. McQueen Thos., Keokuk, Iowa, Dec. 26 '64. Mickenham L., H, Decherd, Jan. 81, '65. Oleson Peter, D, Milwaukee, Oct. 11, '64. Odekirk Jirah P., V, Clarksville, Feb. 26, '65. Ray Para. O., E, Johnsonville Oct. 25, '64. Riggs B. H., Prairie du Chien, Dec. 18, '64. Reynolds A., H, Elk River, Tenn., April 7, '65. Springsted A. J., A, Clarkvllle, Feb. 8, '65. Smith And. F., A, Nashville, Mar. 22, '65. Spike Chas., D, Clarksville, March 28, '65. Sandlin Jas., F, Jeffersonville, Ind., Dec. 18, '64. Stebbins Consider H., Johnsonville, Nov. 19, '64. Spencer Arch. , I, do Nov. 22, '64. Taylor Richd. N., B, Jeffersonville, Dec. 17, '64. True Jos. E., F, Clarksville, Feb. 11, '65. Tenney Nelson M., E, Nashville, Nov. 27, '64. Tenney Henry, I, Fort Wood, N. Y., Feb. 25, '65. Wilkinson W. B., B, Decherd, Tenn., Jan. 24. '65. Warren G. W., D, Clarksville, Dec. 81, '64. Woodworth J. B., E, Milwaukee, Dec. 5, '64. White Richd., E., Clarksville, Tenn., Jan. 7, '65. Wade Benj., I, do Jan. 17, '65. Zelloheffer Michael, C, Louisville, Jan. 6, '65. Killed in Action 2 Died of Disease 70 Total 72 FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. • DIED OF DISEASE. G. L. Weymouth, 2d It., B, Paducah, April 29, '65. J. W.Marshall, com. sgt., do June 8, '65. Ed. Rogers, sgt., D, do Aug. 5, '65. John Magle, Corp., B, Nashville, Jan. li, '65. N. Marenus, do B, do April li, '65. Jed. Soles, ' do B, do Jan. 7, '65. Arnold J. E., D, Jeffersonville, Ind., May 28, '65. Andrews Wm. H., G, Paducah, Aug 10, '65. Brown Henry K. , A, Nashville, Jan. 29, '65. Bowen Gilbert, A, do Jan. 25, '65. Bobb John, B, Paducah, May 4, '65. Bishop Wm., D, Nashville, Jan. 27, '65. Bradley Wm., G, Louisville, June 17, '65. Bloyer Thos., H, Nashville, March 5, '65. Cartwright W. F., F, do Jan. 20, '65. Cregg Michael, G, Jeffersonville, June 17, '65. Crandall A. W., H, Paducah, April 19, '65. Davis Thos., B, do May 6, '65. Dorsimo J. B., D, Nashville, Jan, 4, '65. Davis Jos. B., E, Louisville, June 15, '65. Dodge Philip, G, Madison, April 9, '65. Davis Henry H. , H, Nashville, March 14, '65. Eggert Chas. A., C, Jeffersonville, June 20, '65. Eastwood J. K., E, NashviUe, Feb. 18, 65. Fitzgerald Richd., A, do Feb. 5, '65. Fraker Charles, B, Paducah, May 8, '65. Goff Dorr, B, Nashville, Feb. 10, '65. GravatteS., do Dec. 9, '64. Gray Seymour, do Dec. 28, '64. Gouterson T., F Paducah, July 8, '65. Hill Charles, A, Nashville, Nov. 7, '64. Hardy Eli, H, do March 28, '65. Hinman C. II., K, Jeffersonville, June 10, '65. Key Charles, H, Nashville, March, 28 '65. Kyes John D., H, Nashville, March 28, '65. Kaump G. C, K, Jeffersonville, Juue 6, '65. Lammle Thos., B, Nashville, March 25, '65. Lederer Joseph, G, Paducah, Aug. 2, '65. Meerdink J. M., A, Nashville, Feb. 18, '65. Mason RufilSj C. do March 16, '65. McPherson Peter, E, do Jan. 21, '65, McFarlin Alex , II, do April 5 '65. McDonough John, O, Paducah, Aug. 12, '65. Nary Denis, A, Nashville, March 26, '65. Phelps Chas. J., D, do JaC. 27, '6b. Patton David, D, Paducah, April TS '65. Soper Edward, E, Nashville, April 9. '65 Simerson DuBois, F, do Feb. !», '65. Sawyer Joseph, H, Paducah, July S '65. Trickey Jos. M., A, Columbia, Tenn., Nr>v '7,'64, Teasdale Jos., B, Nashville, Oct. 30, '64. Towne S., C, do Feb. 4 65. Tubas Ole, C. do April 2 '65. l'ooley Solomon, I, Paducah, April 25, '6i. Williams W. P., B, Nashville, Jan. 17, 65 Williams Adam J., F, Paducah, July 6, '6f Wilson Henry, H, Nashville, April 4, '65. Total . FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. M. Kappell, sgt., D, Nashville, June 17, '66. *F. Buchanan, corp. H, do Feb. 20, '65. J. A. Fellber, do F, do July 12 '65. Chas. Leonard, do D, do May 8, !65. Johann L., do G, do May 19, '65. Albertus A. F., K, do July 4, '65. Bullard, Reuben, A, do Jan 18, '65. 57 FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, 1121 Barber Luther, D, Nashville, March 19, '65. Cremer Hubert L., 0, do June 2, '65. Cline Allen, F, Czariskie Chas., G, Clement Matthias, K, Doney Wellington, B, Eberhardt Jacob, 0, dodo dodododo do do Gruber Charles, A, Hise John, D, Huber Heinrieh, K, Johnson George, K, Chicago, April 7, tKaes Jacob, A, Nashville, July IS, '65 Kirchner Henry, H, do May 20, '65 Luke Carl. D, do Nelson Helge, B, do June 25, '65. June 2, '65. June 4, '65. Jan. 29, '65. April 6, '65. Jan. 14, '65. June 28, '65, June 19. '65. May 15, '65. May 23, '65. July 2, '65. Schwantes Aug., D, do Ulthmeire H., I, do July 14, '65, Voegeli Balthazar, E, Johnsonville, May 10, '65. Van Alstein Albert, H, NashviUe, Feb. 18, '65. * Accidentally shot. ' Case." + Mustered aa Jacob Total . FORTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. 0. P. Henton, corp., D, Athens, April 26, '68. M. Draper, corp., E, Huntsville, Ala., Aug, 29, '65. Anderson M, I, do Sept. 2, '65. Brown Warren A., D, Athens, Ala., Aug. 24, '65. Dagle Alex., 0, do May 28, '65. Hegner Ernst, F, Madison, May 7, '65. Hopp Anton, K, Athens, Aug. 1, '65. Jaquish E., H, Chicago, Mar. 12, '65. Lynch Michael, H. Athens, May 29, '65. McLainDan. M..A, do May 29, '65. O'Connor Thos., D, Mill Creek, Ala., Mar. 28. '65. Olsen G., K, New Albany, Ind., March 14, '65. Tipple Benj. C, F, Madison, July 1, '65. Total 18 FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. R. D. Fitzgerald, sergt., K, Tullahoma, Aug. 1 '65. Chase Henry A, I do May 17, '65. Elliott Lewis C, I, Nashville, March 11, '65. Ellis Lpman E.. I, hospital boat, Aug, 14, '65. Fweeman Chas., H, Nashville, May 5, '65. Geer Joel L., E, Madison, Feb. 18, '65. Hayden Pinckney, Tullahoma, July 2, '65. Hood Isaac L., D, do July 28, '65. Hurlburt S. C., G, Madison, March 20, '65. Hottman J. D., G, do March 21, '65. Haze James D., G, do Feb. 28, '65. Hildreth J. W., G, do March 11, '65. Hauseler Wm., H, do March 5, '65. Heasley Geo. W., K, Nashville, March 29, '66. Jacobsen S., D, Tullahoma, April 12 '65. Kimmel John, E, Madison, Feb. 28, *65. Ketchum G. P., E, do Feb. 22, '65. Lemon Addison, C, do March 18, '65. Long Ellas, F, do March 28, '65. Lorey C. M., H, Nashville, Aug. 14, '65. McCauley L. G., C, do April 8, '65. McClarey L. C, E, Madison, March 6, '55. Merrel John L., G, Tullahoma, June SO, '65. Manley Wm. H. , G, Madison, March 9, '65. Nelson Nels, A,Tullahoma, March 29, *65. Pittaley Chas. W, G., do June 10, '65. Polley W. B., G, Madison, March 1, '65. Rearlck Reuben, A, Tullahoma, Aug. 16, '65. Saxton W., B, Chicago, March 27, '65. Thompson Edgar, F, Madison, March 5, '66. Whitcraft Arch., B, Tullahoma, July 9, '65. White W. H., B, Prairie du Chien, Aug. IS, '65. Wood Samuel, G, Madison, March 11, '65. Withington Wm. M., G, Madison, April 4, '65. Total , FORTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. F. Hinman, Corp., E^ Fort Scott, Ks., Apr. 28, '65. G. Hyatt, corp. H, Fort Lamed, Ks., Nov. 29, '65. Burgoyne Thos. E., C, Milwaukee, March 16, '65. Edmunds Wm., II, St. Louis, May 15, '65. Cuardipie Chas. , I, St. Louis, May 8, '65. Ganz Arnold, K, Fort Scott, Aug. 19, '05. Haag J., K Ft. Leavenworth, Ks., March 21, '65. Ingleson Nels, A, Fort Scott, Aug. IS, '65. Kelley E., H, Warfeusburg, Mo., April 4, '65. Lake David A., Fort Scott, July 8, '65. Lanian Pat., E, Milwaukee, March 18, '65. Mosher Ira J., C, Fort Lyon, C. T., Nov. 18, '65. Patzer Edwd, D, Fort Scott, Ks., April 29, '65. Raymond Albert, A, Milwaukee, Feb. 28, '65. Schofield James, A, Fort Lamed, Nov. 1, '65. Tobin Wm. H., E, Leavenworth, Sept. 11, '65. Total 16 FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. A. Wiswall, 1st sgt., E, Rolla, Mo., April 5, '65. E. B. Cornwell, Corp., B, do July2S, '55. A. B. Hildreth, do E, St. Louis, Aug. 9, '65. Joseph Eakins, do G. Rolla, July, 5, '65. W. B. Humphrey, Corp., K, St. Louis, Oct. 1, '65. Bundy James, A, St. Louis, Sept. 9, '65. Banta John, B, Madison, March 8, '65. Baker Cyrus, G. Rolla, July 8, '65. Can- Melancthon, A, Ironton Feb. 6, '65. Drew John, G, Rolla, March 81, '05. Eich Frederick, F, Rolla, Aug. 6, '55. Ensign C. S., I, St. Louis, Aug 27, '65. Gray Francis, B, Holla, July 8, '65. Higbee Henry W., A, Rolla, March 80, '65. Hildom G. M. D., B, Madison, May 9, '65. Hudson James N. , E, Rolla, Aug. 2, '65. Hortvet Morten, E, St. Louis, Sept. 11, '65. Jones Chas. R., E, do Sept. 16, '65. La Due Edwd., I, Rolla, Aug. 1, '65. Mather John D., B, do Aug. 2, '80. McGiffin James, D, Edgerton, Wis., Sept. 26, '65. Mcllvaine John, E, Reedsburg, Wis., Mar. 8, '65. McElwain Marshall, F, Rolla, Aug. 8, '65. , McClure John C I, do April 11, '65. Nelson Neil, B, St. Louis, Sept. 80, '62. Norton Dan. W., H, do Aug. 19, '65. Pierce Albert C, h, do Aug. 14, '65. Patrick Levi, K, do Sept. 20, '65. Richardson W., A. do Sept. 22, '65. Rosencrants C. S., H, Rolla, March 19, '65. Sines Henry W., A, St. Louis, Oct. 24, '65. Sandberg J., C, do Oct, 80, '65. Seeley Lewis P., E, Rolla May IS, '65. Schneller Jacob, E, St. Louis, March 27, '65. Sitner John, F, Rolla. July 25, '65. Southwick 0. E., H, Rolla, March 80, '65. Smith Henry, H, Madison, March 6, '65. Stranahan R,, I, Holla, March 20, '65. Sheldon E. A., K, St. Louis, Sept. 80, '65. Thomas James, B, Rolla, Aug. 8, '65. Thomas David, B, St. Louis, Aug. 1. '66. Terrill Edward, E, Rolla, Aug. 9, '65, Taylor E. T. I, St. Louis^Sept. 12, "65. Tubbs H. D., K, Rolla, June 80, '65. Warner Geo. E., A, St. Louis, Sept. 27, '65. Williams Ed., I, do March 81 '66. Ward Dustin, K, Rolla, Aug. 20, '65. 1122 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. DIED OF ACCIDENT. •Fessenden C. H., K, Rolla, April 10, '65. * Shot. Died of Disease 47 Died of Accident 1 Total 48 FIFTIETH REGIMENT. KILLED IN ACTION. Putnam Theod. P., Yankton, D. T., Sept. 16, '65, DIED OF DISEASE. *C. H. Cox, capt., n, on bd., steamer, July 11, '65. Sam. W. Smith, sgt. , I, St. Louis, May IS, '65. J. Faulks, corp., D, Ft. Leavenworth, Aug. 8, '65. Sewell Bliss, K, Fort Sully, D. T., Oct. 8, 65. Brannan Wm., A Fort Rice, D. T., Jan. 21, '66. Bannister Wm., C, St. Louis, April 6, '65. Bliven Pardon C, G, do April 25, '65. Clay John H., Jefferson City, Mo., June 28, '65. Downing Hugh F., St. Louis, May 10, '65. 6 Davis David, G, Fort Rice, D. T., Jan. 9, '66. Ericksen Peter, H, Fort Randall, D.T., Jan. 8, '66. Fox John 0., B, Booneville, Mo., June 9, '65. Gardner Henry, F, Fort Randall, Sept. 22, '65. Gotschall C, H, Fort Leavenworth, July 29, '65. Gunderson Nels, K, Fort Randall, Oct. 7, '65. Hawes Lester L., D, St. Louis, May 19, '65. Harr Jacob, F. , Madison, April 3, '65. X Hermon G., F, Missouri River, July 10, *65. Israelson Jens G., K, Fort Rice, Feb. 8, '66. Kyser Peter, B, St. Louis, Aug. 2, '65. Kregal John, D, Fort Rice, April 3, '66. Keck John, I, St. Louis, April 23, '65. Landphier II. B., E, Madison, March 21, '65. Langdon Oliver, E, do April 16, '65. Lacount Edward, F, Fort Rice, April 22, '66. Manley Orson, A, Madison, April 11, 1865. Meadowcroft G. R., E, Madison, April 3 65. Neil Alanson, A, do March, 24, '65. Nelson Peter, F, Fort Rice, Oct. 16, '65. O'Brien John S., G, St. Louis, May 7, '65. Post Albert T. , K, Leavenworth, Sept. 4, '65. Southworth C. 0., I, St. Louis, April 14, '65. Stevens Coit, I, do April 14, '65. Tinkbam Ervin W., C, St. Louis, April 16, '65. tTaves John, D, Quincy, 111., June 10, '66. Thompson Targe, F, St. Louis, April 19, "65. Wolfe Joseph, A, Fort Leavenworth, Sept. 13, '65. Ward Lester. D, 8t. Louis, May 12, '65. Webber C, A., E, Madison, March 28, '65. Wills Jacob, E, Cambridge, Mo., May 80, *65. Wilcox Henry C, H, Madison, April 24, '65. Warner Geo. A., I, St. Louis, May 4, '65. * Died from wounds received at the hands of Private Ole Julson, on board steamer " Post Boy," on the Missouri River, t Accident. X Drowned % Lost on the plains, supposed to be dead. Killed in action 1 Died of disease 42 Total 48 FIFTY-FIRST REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. *M. Sancindorf, sgt., B,Carondolet,Mo., June 6, '65. Auer J., C, Pleasant Hill, Mo., July 13, '65. Clark Orlando B., H, St. Louis, April 27, '65. DeganJ., G, do April 24, '65. Farrand G. C, 0, Milwaukee, March 27, '65. Hicks Asa D., 0, do March 27. '65. Jennerjahn C, St. Louis, Aug. 3, '65. Kurtzner J., B, do April 18, '65. Locke J., G, do May 15, '65. Preston Levi, H, do April 11, '65. Quennet A., G, Madison, March 25, '65. Thompson Robert, G, Madison, March 80, '65. Thompson T. W., G, do April 10, '65 Todd Jacob, I, St. Louis, April 28, '65. Webster J., E, Milwaukee, April 10, '65. Whitmore J., K, Madison, April 25, '65. * Drowned Total 16 FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT. DIED OF DISEASE. Isaao Bronson, Corp., P, St. Louis, May 17, '65. Green Henry E., B, Madison, April 27, '65. Hazleton Lyman, B, do April 16, '65. Merkle Anton, E, Holden, Mo., June 10, '65. Swain Albert B., C, St. Louis, April 28, '65. Towle Jackson, B, Madison, April 12, '65. Total 6 FIFTY-THIRD REGIMENT. No returns from the Fifty-third Regi ment. SHARPSHOOTERS. KILLED IN ACTION. *E. Drew, capt., Charles City C. Road.'Va., June 80, '62. P. C. Judkins, 2d It., Todd's Tavern, Va., May 8, '64. J. Parker, sgt.,Charles City C. Road, JuneS0,'62. J. W. Staples, sgt., do JuneSO '62. J. A. Denniston, Corp., Wilderness, May 7, '64V Durkee Joseph, Yorktown, Va., May 1, '62. Fitch Eli J., Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '63. Lanning G., Charles City C. Road, June 80, '62. Murat Conrad, Cold Harbor, Va., June 4, '64. Smith Frank L., Locust Grove, Va., Nov. 27, '68. Thompson L. L. Charles City C. Road, June 30,'62 Woodruff Wm. H., Gettysburg, Pa., July 2, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. Henry Lye, sgt., Gettysburg, Pa., July 8, '63*- J. W. Johnson, corp., Field Hospital, Nov. 80, '63. Clark W. O., Charles City C. Road, June SO, '62. Costalo Michael, Field Hospital, Va., May 25, '64. Denniston G. A., Washington, June i, '64. Hartley G. H., Alexandria, Va., '62. Ingolsbee Israel, Field Hospital>,Va., May 18, '64. Ingolsbee Levi, City Point, Va., Aug. 16, '64. Vincent Ell 8. B., Gettysburg, Pa., July 15, '63. DIED OF DISEASE. S. K. Melvln, sgt., Harrison's Landing, July 16, '62. Gideon F. Jones, Corp., Gaines' Hill, June 12. '62. G. W. Hawes, Corp., Alexandria, Va., Sept. 14,'62. Bemls Morris B., Washington, Jan. 5, '62. Barker I. M., West Point, May, '62. Blodgett R. 11., Richmond, Aug. 29, '62. Caddington Ovid, Gaines' Hill, June 11, '62. Day Edwin, Washington, Jan, 27, '26. Melvin Taylor D., Gaines' Hill, Va., June 14, '62. Merrick Alex., Alexandria, '62. Tyler Lorin K., Washington, Dec. IS, *61. Townsend Charles H., do Dec. 27, '61. Vincent John T., Harrison's Landing, July 10, '62. * Commissioned by the War Department. FIRST CAVALRY. 1123 Killed in Action 12 Diedof Wounds 9 Died of disease , IS Total 84 BRIGADE BANDS. No reports of these organizations have been received. FIRST CAVALRY. KILLED IN ACTION. N. Paine, major, Campbelltown, Ga., July 28, '64. G. W. Dunmore, chap., L'Anguille, Ark., Aug. 8, •62. Wm. J. Phillips, 2nd It., A, Chalk Bluffs, Ark., May 15, '62. S. E. Vosburg, 2d It., A, West Point, Ga.,Ap. 16,'65. M. O'Neil, sgt., C, Cape Girardeau, Mo.,Ap,14,'63. Wm. A. Carson, sgt., E.Tuskegee, Ala., Ap.14,'65. S.M. Greenwood, sgt. ,H, Varnell's 8tat'n,May 9, '64. J. T. Parsona,corp.,C,Campbellt'n Ga.,July 31, '64. W. H. Fenton, corp., Bloomfield, Mo., Ap. 29,'68. Addington J., E, Georgia, May 25, '64. Abells Wm. H., I, Scatterville, Ark., Aug. 8, '62. Brandt V., A, West Point, Ga., April 16, '65. BushneR Matthias J., B. L'Anguille, Aug. 8, '62. Brown Bradley, B, do Aug. 8, '62. Banker Samuel W., B, do Aug. 3, '62. Brown Ellis, C, Campbelltown, July 30, '64. Brown Chauncey, M, Cape Girardeau; May 18 '63. Corbin S. V., E, Whitewater, Mo., April 24; 'b3. Clark James, G, Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. 17, '64. Crook C, L, Mossy Creek, Tenn., Dec. 29, '68. Dolph W., A, West Point, April 16, '65. Fredersdorf M., Pulaski, Tenn. Ferguson J., H, West Point, April 16, '65. Friddle Nicholas, L, L'Anguille, Ark., Aug. 3, '62. Gorges Gottfried, A, West Point, April 16, '65. Gale Warren A., E, Whitewater, April 24, '63. Gesser Joseph, G, Poplar Springs, Ga., May 9, '64. Gerets Wm., G, Old Church, Ga., July 23 '64. Houck E. W., A, West Prairie, Mo., July 23, '62. Hazzard F. W., B, L'Anguille, Aug. 8, '62. Howland Ichabod, C, Georgia, May 9, '64. Howard 8. H., D, Chalk Bluffs, Ark., May 15, '62. Hyland Abner, E, Bloomfield, Mo., Sept. 11, '62. Keller Andrew J., E, Georgia, May 8, '64. Mead E. F., B, L'Anguille, Aug. 8, '62. Mills Wm. F., E, do Aug. 8, '62. Ochsner Edward, F, do Aug. 3, '62. Obermire Frank, I, Jonesboro, Ark., Aug. 2, '62. Potter George, L, Georgia, May 2, '64 Rattell, Benjamin, I, Jonesboro, Aug. 2, bi. Stanley Edward, I, do Aug. 2, 62. Sowerby John, I, do Aug. 2, 62. Schuck Peter, I, do ,A"8-,2. °\ ... Thomas D. H., E, Centreville, Ala., April 3 '65. Talbot J., H, Mossy Creek, Tenn Dec. 24, 63 Truesdell Philander, K, L'Anguille, Aug. 3, 62. WareWm. P., B, do Aug. 8^ 62. Warren Job, E, Bloomfield, Mo., Aug. 1, 62._ Wyman Edgar, West Point, Ga., April 16, '6o. Williams G. R., I, Jonesboro, Aug. 2, 62. Willis Oscar F., I, do Aug. 2 b 1. Webb Carey C, L'Anguille, Aug. 8, bi. Weaver G. W., L, Georgia May 9, 64 Young Enoch, M, L'Anguille, Aug. 8, bi. DIED OF WOUNDS. Wm. H. Torrey, lt. col., Rebel prison, Aug. 2 '64. W. W. La Grange,, capt., D, Dandridge, Tenn, Jan. 17, '64. .,„ _- Barden H. D. , E, Cape Girardeau, Mo.,May IS, 63. Rlnmsen C. G, do AP- 2T' 68, £" p! G,' Bloomfield, May J L «. Brail Eli, L, Dandridge, Jan. 17, 04. , Sdeman George E., E, Alabama, -April 18, '65. Durant C. H., E, Cape Girardeau, June 18, '63. Horton A., I, In the field, Ark. Aug. 5, '62. Hinman A, L. , L, Cleveland, Tenn., April 1, '64. McCloughrey D. W., A., Chalk Bluff, Ark., May 22, '62. Morgan A., E, Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. 19, '64. Mathwig Louis, I, Stevenson, Ga., June 8, '65. Rassmessmer C, D, Knoxville, Tenn., Jan. 3, '64. Skinner C. M., A, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 26, '62. Stevens J. L., L, St. Louis, July 12, '64. Slater Wm., L, Atlanta, Ga., April 14, '64. Van Valin Henry, H, Bloomfield, Sep. -12, '62. DIED OF DISEASE. H. L. Eggleston, maj., Milwaukee, Dec. 11, '62, "- C. N. Hoag, 1st It., E, Little Rock,Ark.,Sep.l3,'62. Josiah Bent, 2d It., A, Kenosha Wis., Nov. 9, '62. G. W. Frederick, 2d It., D, W. Prairie, July 3,'62 H. W. GetcheU, 2d It., F, Little Rock, Sep. 18,'62. W. S. Cooper, 2d It., H, Helena, Ark., Sep. 8, '62. J. H. Saunders, 1st sgt., H, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 0, '62. A. Wilkins, sgt., H, Stevenson, Ala., Oct. 18, '68. John Hale, sgt., H, St. Louis, Aug., 25, '62, Alvah D. Daniels, sgt. , H, Cincinnati, April, '64. Israel P. Fisk, sgt., H, Andersonville, Aug. 16, '64. J. Emerick, sgt., L, Cape Girardeau, Mch. 26, '68. Andris Brandt, sgt , L, Madison, Dec. 27, '63. E. R. Shepard, sgt., M, Nashville, March., 25, '64. G. G. Gray sgt., M, Florence, S. C, Sep. 15, '64. J. Seymour, Corp., E, Cape Girardeau, Aug. 26, '68. E. Martin, Corp., E, Mound City, 111., May 17, '65. C. W. Bemis, corp.,G, Greenville, Wis., Jan. 10,'63. MelvinR. Combs, Corp., G, St. Louis, Oct. 20,'62. F. O'Reilly Corp., G, Louisville, Ky., Feb. 6, '64. R. McLennan, Corp., G, Bridgeport, Mch. 81, '64. J". Russell, Corp., H, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 7, '62. B. Richmond, Corp., L, Andersonville, Dec. 6,'64. Angel F. V., F, Nashville, March 19, '64. Ainsworth H. M., H, Memphis, Oct. 2, '62. Atwood J., I, St. Louis, June 1, '62. Aichen C, I, Patterson, Mo., Jan. 25, '63. Adams Ira, K, Helena, Sept. 23, '62. Brown Sidney R., B, Ripon, Wis., April 18, '62, Buck Samuel, jr., B. Ironton, Mo., Dec. 3, '62. Becker John, C, Sept. 29, '62. Bafnett Andrew, D, Oct. 25, '62. Baker Hiram, E, Bloomfield, Mo., Aug., 7, '62. Boundey George, F, St. Louis, Mo. , April 20, '62. Bray Henry, F, Macon, Ga., June 4, '65, Bugby Wm., H, Fairwater, Wis., June SO, '62. Bock C, H, Nashville, Feb. 20, '64. Brook Edwin, H, Andersonville, June 22, '64. Baker R. W., K, Cape Girardeau, Sept. 80, '62. Bronson Homer O, K, do Oct. 15, '62. Blissett David F., K, Patterson, Dec. 2, '62. Butterfleld Lyman C, K, Nashville, July 7, '64. Bush Henry E., K, Louisville, May 12, '65. Bonhamer J., L, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 81, '62. Briggs Irvin, L, Andersonville, Aug. 8, '64. Budson J. P., L, do Aug. 9, '64. Bourne 0. L., M, Kingston, Ga., Sept. 28, '64. Carpenter A. M., A, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 3, '62. Chapman J., A, St. Louis, Dec. 18, '6-2. Curtis G., A, Jefferson, Wis., '62. Chapin H. L., B, St. Louis, Nov. 6, '62. Cornell Isham, C, Patterson, Dec. 15, '62. Caswell Wm. H.,.0, Van Buren, Mo., Dec. 11, '62. 1124 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Castle C. J., C, Andersonville, Oct. 12, '64. Curtis Elias, D, Wisconsin. Ohesemore N. R. ,D, Bowling Green, Ky.,Jan. 10/65 Clark Ira W., F, St. Louis, April 29, '62. Crawford Wm. W., F, St. Louis, Sept. 20, '62. Dumbest James, F, Forest, Wis., Oct. 28, '64. Cole George R., G, St. Louis, Dec, '62. Cole Ezra, H, do May 20, '65. Curtis R., H, do Oct. 6, '62. Crouch Hiram J., H, Madison, April, 5, '64. Clute 0. W., H, Nashville, July 9, '64. Carter T. N., H, Keokuk, la., Feb. 18, '65. Cavanaugh J., H, Andersonville, Aug. 9, '64. Craig Edward, I, Cape Girardeau, Oct. S, '62. Collison Wm., I, Patterson, Dec. 20, '62. Crape W., K, Louisville, Ky., Feb. 22, '64. Cushraan J., K, Etowah, Ga., April 24, '64. Carey Ernest D., K, Bowling Green,Ky.,Jan.9,'65. Curtis James E., L, Helena, Sept. 18, '62. Cooley Edwin, M, Patterson, Nov. 18, '62. Daggett Hillman G., A. St. Louis, Nov. 80, '62. Douglas Harvey M., B, Ironton, Mo., Dec. 8, '62. Dewey C. H., C, Sept. 15, '62. Dent Wm., E, Andersonville, Ga., Aug., 64. Dansau A., G, Chattanooga, Dec. 12, '63. Dollar Peter, G, Nashville, Jan. 16, '65. Darling Irvin C, H, St. Louis, April 18, '62. Dietrich Gustav, H, Cape Girardeau, Nov. 80, '62. Darling Irenus, H, Nashville, Oct. 25 '63. Dygert G. H., H, New Albany, Ind., June IS, '64. Decondres J. D., I, Oct, 6, '62. Downes J. W., 1, Nashville. Dagel John, L, Andersonville, July IS, '64. Duffle Edward, L, do April 27, '64. Davenport W., L, Millen, Ga., Nov. 5, '64. Dumphy Ansel W., M, Nashville, June 7, '64. Edson H. A. , A, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 3, '62. Evans James, A, St. Louis, Dec. 15, '62. Etcbew J. , B, Cape Girardeau, Aug. 15, '62. Evans Edward, E, do Oct. 9, '62. Everson Ole, H, Nashville, Dec. 10, '63. Edwards Altaire H. , K, Helena, Aug. 16, '62. Field W. O., B, Nashville, July 9, '64. Frisbee C, D, Helena, Sept. 8, '62. Farmer John, St. Louis, April 18, '62. Foster C. R,, F, Bloomfield, July, '62. Fowler A., F, Louisville, Dec. 16, '64. Fuller Jonas, F, str. Jennie Hopkins, July 3, '65. Frank, John, H, Helena, Sept. 15 '62. Fuller Lewis, H, Racine, Wis., March 18, '62. i Fluno Oscar, H, Andersonville, Aug. 15, '64. Fisk Perry G., H, do Fisk Alphonzo, H, do Griffith Wm., C, Sept. 23, '62. Gowan David, C, Nashville, March 5, '65. Greiber H. J., F, Cartersville, Ga., Sept. 22, '64. GallaherM. B., F, Waterloo, Ala., March 2, '65. Gordon Edwin, H, LouisviUe, Dec. 15, '64. Grover George, H, Keokuk, la., Dec. 25, '64. Goodrich Delos, I, Stevenson, Ala., Feb. 20, '64. Garmon Leander, K, Nashville, March 19, '64. Gifford Harrison, L, Pilot Knob, Mo., Jan. 1, '68. Hart Wm. H., A, Fort Atkinson, Wis., July 13, '62. Hart Frank J., A, Patterson, Mo., Nov. 17, '62. Holmes Chas. E., A, Nashville, Dec. 23, '62. Helstab John, A, New Albany, Ind., Feb. 2S, '65. Hough Charles W., B, St. Louis, Dec. 26, '62. Herriman L. L., E, Wisconsin, '62. Hatch E. C, E, Winchester, Tenn., Aug. 8, '68. Hutching Barley, E, Andersonville, Aug. 29, '64. Hetz John, F, Des Arc, Ark, Aug. 6, '62. Harris George, F, Knoxville, March 4, '64. Hayes Carroll, G, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 7, '62. Hawes Phil., G, Appleton, Wis., Jan. 27, '68. Heintz John, G, Alexandria. Va., Nov. 26, '64. Horlge George P., G, Jeffersonville, March 29, '66. llezeltine J. F., H, Helena, Sept. 14, '62. Hunter W. W., H, Andersonville, Aug. 1, '64. Hanson Thos., 11, Cape Girardeau, Sept. 14, '63. Holsapple R., K, St. Louis, Oct. 10, '62. Huntington A. 8,,K, Madison, May 14, '64. Hanson Hans C, L, Brownsville, Mo., Jan. 4, '63. Harvey N. T., M, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 8, '62. Ingersoll J. S., K, St. Louis, Nov. 18, '62, Jensen Lars, D, Cape Girardeau, Oct. IS, 62. James Ed. P., G, Pilot Knob, Mo., Feb. 16, '68. Jennings J.W.; K, Cleveland, Tenn., April 22,'64. Jones Samuel, L, Cape Girardeau, June, '62. Jones Evan E., L, do Oct. 27, '62. Knowlton H., B, April 8, '62. Kibby A. L., Cape Girardeau, Sept. 80, '62. Kahns Fred.,C, April 17, '62. Kennedy Moses, D,' Wisconsin. Kean Jasper, E, Tullahoma, Tenn, July 8, '64. Killips Chas. H., E, Andersonville, Aug. 8, '64. Knowles E. II., F, St. Louis, April 6, '62. Kimball Chauncey C, F, Helena, Aug. 28, '62. Kimball Chase B., F, Ironton, Mo., Dec IS, 62. Kobernick W., G, Jefferson Barracks, Mar, 11, '65. Kurtz R., H, Patterson, Mo., Oct. 26, '02. Kilts Chas. , K, steamer Sunshine, Sept: 25, '62. Leonard F. F., F, Cape Girardeau, June 2, '62. Lemler, John, F, Nashville, Feb. 14, '65. Laramie George, G, St. Louis, Oct. 11, '62. Laurence Wm., G, Windsor, Wis., Aug. 26, '62. Lohmann Henry, G, St. Louis, Oct. 19, '62. Long Major J., G, Shannon Co., Mo., Feb. 16, '63. Lobdell Daniel, H, Nashville, April 9 '64. Longstaff T. , K, do April 29 '64. Lee Jos. K., L, Patterson, Mo., Oct. 29, '62. Loosey John, L, Andersonville, Ga., Aug. 9, '64. McCune Jasper H., A, Helena, Aug. 17, '62. Moores E. P., A, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 5, '62, McQuinnan P., A. Kingston, Ga., Aug. 29, '64. Miller Curtis G.. C, Andersonville, Sept. 20, '64.' McFarland W. C., D, St. Louis, Oct. 18, '62. Moore Erastus, F, Wittsburg, Ark., Aug. 2, '62. McMillen J. C, F, St. Louis, Oct. 18, '62. Moorehead J. M., F, Greenville, Mo., Oct. 17, '62. Mounce Squire, F, Louisville, March 8, '64. Martin James, G, .leffersonville, July 29, '64. McKinney N, H,, I, Nashville, May 7, '65. Mitchell N. S., K, Memphis, Sept. 5, '62. Mucklow David, L, Wisconsin, Oct., '68. McFadden Hugh, L, Andersonville, Aug. 9, '64. McCormick Eb., L, do July 6, '64. McNitt John B., M, Waterloo, Ala., March 5, '65. Northrup Thos.. B, Cape Girardeau, Mo. Nelson Elias, C, St. Louis, Sept. 29, '62. Newburg R. M., I, Helena, Sept. 10, '62. Norton Henry D., K, Macon, Ga., May 8, '65. Ordway John W.. A. Nashville, July, 64. Osterhout C. B., B, Helena, Sept. 10, '62. Oleson Nels, F, St. Louis, Oct. 17, '62. Oakes H., M, Cape Girardeau, May 18, '62. Pickartz Peter, A, Waterloo, Ala., Feb. 1, '65. Pollan Geo., E, Nashville, July 8, '64. Payson Philo D., E, Andersonville, Aug., '64. Pease Marcus A., F, Helena, Aug. 21, '62. Pilabury A. J.,H, Andersonville, Sept. 11, '64. Posey Erwln, H, Cleveland, Tenn., March 26, '64. Platte C. M., K, Bloomfield, Mo., Sept. 1, '62. Peak Fred., L, St. Louis, Oct. 24, '62. Pagett Chas. W., L, Mound City, III., Nov. 15, '62. Pagett Mead R., L, Helena, Sept. 16, '62. Poole Ahraham, M, Cartersville, Ga., Aug. 15, '62. Quinn W. S., H, Patterson, Mo., Jan. 4, '68. Rollo F. C, B, steamer Sunshine, Sept. 28, 62. Reiter Franz X., C, Sept. 14, '62. Ramsdell W. H., D, Helena, Aug. 18, 62. Roberts D. C, F, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 15, '62. Rice Peter L., G, St. Louis, Dec. 17, '62. Rolf Columbus T., G, do Feb. 9, '63. Rowley Geo., G, Bowling Green, Ky., Jan. 9, 'fi£. Rowley S. G., G, Nashville, Oct. 25, '64. Roseberry, Chas. O., H, Andersonville, Ga. Rainspies F, I, Cape Girardeau, Nov. 16, '63. Rogers M. A., I, Nashville. * Roberts Jonas, L, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 13, '? Kedick Royal, L, Nashville. Rice Anson P., L, do Rasmussen G., L, Andersonville, Aug. 15, '&? Swart Jer. D., A, Knoxville, Tenn., Feb 4, 't Smith W. K., A, Macon, Ga., May 5, '65i SECOND CAVALRY. 1125 Smith Chester H., B, April 28, 62. Stanley N. L., B, St. Louis, Feb. 8, '68. Seeber Alfred W., B, Louisville, June 29, '64. Streeter Gardner, C, July 9, '62. Stoddard Cerline, C, Sept. 17, '62. Smith Chas. R., C St. Louis, Sept. 22, '62. Stewart S. N., C, Mound City, III., Oct. 2, '64. Skinner A., C, Bowling Green, Ky., Jan. 28 '65. Stwart Wm. M., C, Nashville, July 8, '65. Soper Myron J., D, St. Louis, Oct. 2, '62. Stewart Robt. L., D, do. Swallow Chas., E, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 12, '62. Sykes J. F., E, Mound City, III., May 16, '65. Settler Aug., F, Cape Girardeau, May 9, '62. Swenson Kittell, F, Nashville, Oct. 13, '64. Seager G. W., F, JeffersonviUe, April 10, '65. Spencer Wm. E., G, steamer, Sept. 26, '62. Sweeney Martin, Chattanooga, June 18, '65. Stevenson H. H., H, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 7, '62 Slay James, H, Nashville, July 3, '64. Stanley Lewis, H, Bowling Green, Feb. 14, '65. SomerviUe W. J., H, Andersonville. Smith Wm. H., Edgefield, Tenn., July 5, '65. | Sampey T., I, Benton Barracks, Mo., March, '62 Skinner N. G., I, Barnesvllle, Mo., Jan. 5, '68. Skinner Eli, L, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 81 '68. Stacy John, L, do Nov., '62. Slingerland John, L, Andersonville, Aug. 19, '64. Scott R. L., M, Cape Girardeau, Oct. 5, '62. Somerman Aug., M, NashviUe, March 8, '64. Thomas Geo. W., E, do Feb. 5, '05. • Tidyman John, E, Mound City, May 18, '65. Tennant A. J„ G, Evansville, Did., Jan. 1, '65. Trexler Henry J., H, Indianapolis, Sept. 25, '64. Toy Thos., H, Andersonville. Turner John A., K, St. Louis, Oct. 10, '62. Tillottson S. C, K, Nashville, July 15, '64. Thorn Peter E L, Andersonville, Aug. 29, '64. Tripp David, L, do July 25, '64. Utley D., C, Sept. 21, '62. Utley Samuel, K, Memphis, Oct., 15, '62. TJnger W. J., K, Nashville, May 29, '64. Van Vleck D. J., A, Louisville, April 22, '65. VanscotesE. G., E, Andersonville, Aug. '54. Vosburg John, F, Cape Girardeau, June 25, '62, Van Vleck E., H, do Jan. 6, '68. Vick J., H, Andersonville, Sept. 28, '64. -Valentine Geo., K. Winchester, Tenn., July 20,'63 Vallee Ant. , L, Andersonville, Sept. 5, '64. Vohost 0. H., L, do July 6, '64. Van Henton J. M., M, Knoxville, Feb. 1, '64. Woltman Aug., A, Memphis, Aug. 18, '62. Wendt Frederick, A, Louisville, April 16,. '64. Westover G., B, Prairie du Chien, Wis., Jan. 9, '65. Williams G. C, C, Sept. 21, '62. White Chas., C, St. Louis, Sept. 18, '62. Worley Wm. , C, Kingston, Ga. , July 10 '64. Ward Alexis J., Andersonville, Jan. 1, '65. Widger Theod., D, Wisconsin, June 19, '62. Winchell Seth, D, Andersonville, Oct. 5, '64. Wolcott Maroni, E, Louisville, Dec. 24, '68. Wilson A. D., E, Kingston, Tenn., Jan. 9, '64. Wilder J. W., F, Andersonville, May 10, '64. Wurl L., F, Btr. Jennie Hopkins, July 4, '65. White Josiah R., G, Mound City, Oct. 29, '62. Wlxen Jesse, jr., G, Richmond. Ward David J., G, Louisville, Feb. 7, '65. Winn Stephen W., H, Bellevue, Mo., Feb. 4, '68. Ware George F., I, Oct. 10, '62. Wright Franklin W., Cape Girardeau, Oct. 10, '62. Wilson Chr., L, do Sept. 15, '62. Welcome Eben D., L, Andersonville, May 31, '64. Welton Moses, L, do - June 13, '64. Walrath John, L, do Aug. 16, '64. Warren M. S., M, Helena, Sept. '17, '62. Winters Perry, M, AndersonviUe, May 5, '64. Walker Ab. E., M, Richmond, Feb. 28, '64. Zimmer Peter, I, Cape Girardeau, Dec. 15, '62. DIED OF ACCIDENTS. *T. Patton, corp., D, Eddyville, Ky., June 4, '68. *E. D. Taylor, do M, Chickasaw, Ala, Mch. 5, '65. Bradfield G., I, Cape Girardeau, April 28, '68. Crowfoot James, M, do May 8, '62. *Hill Richard, E, July 30, '62. *Le Fevre Henry, K, May 1, '62. tMarsh Homer, M, Hopkinsville, Ky., Dec. 17, '64. ?Pasco Otis, E, Whitesburg, Ark., July 19, '62. * Drowned, t Shot. X Buried at Memphis, Tennessee. § From circular of inquiry, Depart ment of Interior, June 7, 1866. Killed in Action 54 Diedof Wounds 18 Died of Disease 298 Died of Accidenta 8 Total 878 IECOND CAVALRY. KILLED IN ACTION. Le G. Carter, sgt., K, Lane's Prairie, May 26, '64. C. B. Lefreniere, corp., B, Redbone, Oct. 10, '63. Thomas McRea, do B, do Sept. 25, '63. Burdick C, F, Clinton, Miss., July 5, '64. Cullen Jas., I, Yazoo City, Miss., Dec. 1, '64. Cook H. C, M, Helena, Ark., Jan 12, '63. Decker H. F., F, Redbone, Miss., Sept. 18, '63. Garrity P., A, Lane's Prairie, Mo., May 26, '64. Gray G. W., L, Yazoo City, Dec. 1, '64. Males Dan., A, Lane's Prairie, Mo., May 26, '64. Mosher Jas. H., K, do May 26, '64. Marlett Edwd., K, do May 26, '64. Payne Wm., Redbone, Miss., April 21, '64. Thompson Josh. T., L, Yazoo City, Dec. 1, '64. Vassy W. H., L, Redbone, Sept. 18, '68. Walsh, Thomas, I, Helena, Aug. 11, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. A. H. Halstead, L, Vicksburg, Sept. 14, '63. N. L. Beebe, F, Clinton, Miss., July 18, '64. Bartle Wm., F, La Grange, Ark., Dec. 80, '62. Sigsby James H., A, Vicksburg, April 9, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. C. G. Pease, surg., Janesville, Wis., June 27, '64. Theod. Georg, 1st. It., H, Aug. 29, '68. Thos. H. Damon, 2d It., F, Cairo, Aug. 27, '64. W. H. Stowe, Q. M. S., Helena, Oct. 8, '62. D. P. Trowbridge, sad. S. , La Crosse, Feb. 7, '65. W. L. Dawson, C. bug., Helena, Aug. 10, '62., G. W. Blakesley, 1st Bgt., C, Jefferson City, May 21, '62. Alex. McLeod, 1st sgt., I,, Vicksburg, June 3, '64. O. H. Smith, do K, Rolla, Mo., Mar. 16,'64. H. K. Wells, sgt., C, Redbone, Nov. 28, '68. M. Z. Riblett, do E, St. Louis, April 15, '68. N. W. Pelton, do F, Madison, Jan. 7, '65. S. R. Flint, do G, Vicksburg, Oct. 25, '64. A. Linderoeyer sgt., H, Milldale, Mis.j July 15, '63 Ferd. Wurtz, sgt., H, Memphis, Feb. 14, '65. C. W. Davis, do I, Helena, Nov. 8, '62. M. L, Cressy, do I, Memphis, March 1, '63. B. T. Buck, do L, Mound City, Oct,. 8, '62. A. E. McNaughton, sgt., W, Memphis, Feb. 16, '68. R. Bostwiek, sgt., L, Vicksburg, Aug. 10, '64. Michael Egan, sgt., L, do Aug. 18, '64. P. L. Brooks, do M, do Aug. 17, '64. 1126 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Jas. W. Jones, Corp., C, Mound City, Oct, 8, '62. John Campbell, do C, St. Louis, Feb. 20, '68. J. M. Shanley, do C, Andersonv., Jan. 27, '65. E. H. Moore, do E, Madison, March 28, '65. J. Ripperdan, do F, Vicksburg, Aug. 23, '68. James Logue, do F, Meridian, April 10, '65. Wm. Breed, do K, Springfield, June 12, '62. C. M. Howe, do K, Vicksburg, Oct. 24, '64. 0. A. Dunbar, do L, Quincey, Ill.,Dec. 28,'62. J. S. Hastings, • do L, Sparta, Wis., Aug. 9, '68. George Murphy, do L, Memphis, March 20, '68. M. L. Tuffleman, do L, do March 12, '68. Dillworth Oliu, do L, do Jan. 24, '65. B.T.F.Lockwood.do L, St. Louis, Sept. 19, '62. Adams Dan. J., A, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 21, '68. Anderson M., A, Lamartine, Wis., May 26, '65. Allen Chas. E., B, St. Louis, Jan. 25, '63. Allen And. S., D, Springfield, Mo., Oct. 19, '62. Andrews John, D, Milwaukee, March 16, '62. Atkinson, Wm., E, Florence, S. C, Nov. 19, '64. Ammerman D. A. G, Vicksburg, Nov. 19, '64. Austin Chas., I, Helena, July 26, '62. Allen J. H. , K, Vicksburg, Nov. 2, '64. Andrews E. L., L, Helena, Sept. 18, '62. Angst David, L, Vicksburg, Oct. 9, '64. Alberty Nelson, M, Helena, Sept. 21, '62. Brandlin Philip, C, Redbone, Miss., Feb. 27, '64. Bowe Walter, F, Vicksburg, Aug. 22, '54. Birge Wm. D., F, Marshall, Wis., April 8, '62. Bacon Chas. N. , G, Vicksburg, Oct. 31, '64. Brunette S., G, St. Louis. Aug. 29, '65. Barrett Geo., Galveston, Nov. 17, '65. Bor Joseph, H, Vicksburg, Aug. 15, '63. Brenner Melchoir, H, St. Louis, Feb. 1, '63. Buermann Geo.. H, str. Hiawatha, Oct. 29, '62. Becker H., H, Snyder's Bluff, Miss., July 12, '63. Behlike Henry, H, Memphis, Aug. 18, '64. Bateman J. P., L, Helena, Aug. 28, '62. Bird Wm H., L, do Jan. 18, '68. Cooper Wm. J., C, do Aug. 18, '62. Cook Lynn B., C, Andersonville, July 7, '64. Cook Orson J., C, Vicksburg, July 27, '64. Campbell C. C, C do Aug. 2, '64. Chandier James, E, Millen, Ga., Oct., '64. Cook Joseph, E, Vicksburg, July 21, '64. Carr John, E, Memphis, April 27, 'f)5, Cody Garrett, F, Vicksburg, Julv 81, '64. Collar S. E., G, Rolla, Mo., April 16, '64. Cayan Nelson, G, Memphis, Dec, 14, '64. Clark James M., I, Vicksburg, Aug. 8, '68. CullenJohn, I, do Aug. 8, '64. Carr La Fayette, I, do Aug. 18, '64. Cutting C. G., I, do Dec. 1, '64. Caldwell Isaac, K, Memphis, May 8, '65. Cutting Chapin, L, Helena, Nov. 4, '62. Crone Jared, M, do Aug. 14, '62. Cline Wm. P., M, do Sept. IS, '62. Childs Theod. R., M, Memphis, April 24, '63. Coty Henry, M, Vicksburg, July 13, '64. Cooper Thos., M, Vicksburg, Sept. 17, '64. Dyke Job. M., B, Helena, Sept. 15, '62. Dean E. W., C, Jefferson Barracks, Jan. 80, '68. Davis Joshua, C, Memphis, Jan. 29, '65. Day Thomas, E, Helena, Nov. 29, '62. Davis Leraln, F, Vicksburg, Oct. 9, '64. Dore Jacob, G, Yorkville, Wis., Aug., '62. Doming Sam., G, Rolla, Mo., Aug. 7, '68. Dunfy John, I, Helena, Feb. 5, '68. Downing H. R., I, Vicksburg, Aug. 14, '64. Doty Willard A., I, do Aug. 30, '64. Dakin John, L, Springfield, Mo., July 4, '62. Evans Evan, E, Memphis, April 26, '62. Fuller Geo. W., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. Fish Lewis D., D, Springfield, Mo., Nov. 12, '62. Ferguson Thomas, E, Vicksburg, July 21, '64. Fuller Charles C, E, do Aug. 8, '64. Ferguson Josephus, E, Memphis, April, 15, '65. French Chauncey, I, VMtsburg, Oct. 5, '64. Fanning Michael, I, Tlo Nov. 9, '64. Fox Joseph A., L, Mound City, 111., Oct. 25, '62. Fiddler George A., L, St. Louis, Dec. 27, '62. Fuller Sydney, M, Helena, Sept. 28, '62. Foster Thos. , M, Vicksburg, Nov. 8, '64. Glover George, B, Mound City, Sept. 8, '62. Gorder Julius. B, Helena, Oct. 16, '62. Green J. R., D, Cassville, Mo., Oct. 26, '62. Graney W., C, Chicago, III., Nov. 27, '64. Gulick E. D., C, Helena, Oct. 8, '62. Goodwin A., F, Richland City, Wis., Oct. 25, '63. Genndal P., H, St. Louis, Feb. 5, '68. Gunderson A., H, do Sept. 16, '65. Gassert M., H, hospital steamer, Aug. 13, '65. Guthrie James H., L, Vicksburg, July 81, '64. Holdridge G. C, A, Cairo, HI., Nov. 80 '64. Hawley John, A, Hempstead, Sept. 25, '65. Hanson J., B, Vicksburg, Jnly 28, '64. Huson P. E., C, Helena, Sept. 27, '62. SHicks Wm., C, Memphis, Jan. 80, '63. Holloway J. F., C, Vicksburg, Aug. 5, '64. Hoel J. J., C, do Aug. 10, '64. Hazen Aaron E., C, hospital steamer, Aug. '65. HaleEben W., E, Mound City, Aug. 20, 62, Heath Charles C, E, Memphis, Feb. 27, '68. Herriman Elonzo, E, Marcellon,Wis., Aug. 15, '65. Howard E. B., F, Memphis, Aug. 28, '63. Halstimson And. , F, Vicksburg, July 28, '64. Hewitt John T., F, Memphis, Jan. 27, '65. Harding George, G, Milwaukee, Feb. 16, '62. Harris Wm., I, Illinois, Sept. 7, '6-2. Hanson James, I, Milwaukee, Oct. 26, '62. Hirschi Christian, I, Helena, Nov. 16, '62. Hamlin A., I, Vicksburg, July 7, '64. Hines Thos. K, Lake Spring, Mo., June 3, '63. Hartman H. A., L, Helena, Nov. 18, '62. Hafer Carl, M, Mound City, Nov. 10, '62. Howland L. H., M, St. Louis, Aug. 14, '68. Hart E. H., M. Vicksburg, July 11, 64. Hopkins M., M, do Aug. 14, '64. Hughs James, M, do Aug. 24, '64. Helms John, M, do Oct. 2, '64. Johnson Bennett, B, Clinton, Miss., July 22, '68. Johnson E. S., B, Vicksburg, Oct. 26, '64. Johnson Jas , 0, Florence, S. C, Feb. 26, '65. Jaffrey J. J., F, Helena, Sept 19, '62. Jaeger John, H, Vicksburg, Jan. 14, '65. JohnkinN., H, La Crosse, Sept. 10, '64. Johnson Jdhn, I, Helena, Aug. 29, '62. James Jas. F., I, Redbone, April 2G, '64. Jones Henry, M, Emerald Grove, Wis, Sept. 25, '64 Knudson George, B, Memphis, May 20, '63. Kee Lindsay, C, Helena, Sept. 2S, '62. Koonse Charles C, Potosi, Wis., Sept. 9, '64. Kile George, O, Helena, Jan. 6, '65. Kinney Ph., D, Hudson, Wis., Aug. IS, '63. Karste Jacob, H, Milwaukee, Mar. 14, '62. Kauffmann Julius, H. Keown Alfred, M, Helena, Aug. 11, '62. Lytle Albert H., A, Sept. 5, '62. Leach Alfred J., B, Memphis, March 1, '64. Lander Isaac N., C, Keokuk, la., Oct. 28, '62. Lane Wm., D, Mount Vernon, Mo., Sept. 24, '62. Lee Wm. H., E, St. Louis, Aug. 6, '02. Lilly B. F., F, Hempstead, Texas, Oct. 17, '65. Long John M., F, Vicksburg, Sept. 12, '64. La Grou P., G, Alexandria, La., July 25, '65. Lenfesty Dennis, G, Hempstead, Oct. 21, '65. Lewis E., I, Vicksburg, Sept. 5, '64. Larabee Hiram, L, Helena, Sept. 13, '62. Lang John, L, do Feb. 22, '62. Lyon H., M, St. Louis, Feb., '63. Martin J., B, Mound City, 111., Sept. 19, '62. Miner Isaac, B, Helena, Dec. 26, '62. McKee J. E., C, Vicksburg, July 4, '64. Matthews P., C, do Aug. 2, '64. Mcintosh John L, C, Cairo, 111., Sept. 1, '64. Mullaly J, C, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. McCormick J., C, do Oct. 26, '64. Mills Hiram, E, Pardeeville, Wis., Sept. 10, '68. Murray Robert, E, hospital steamer, Jan. 1, '63. McCarll John,.E, Memphis, Feb. 12, '65. Mathewson Eugene, E, Andei'sonville, Sept. 1, '64 McKenzie George, F Helena, Aug. 24, '62. McDonald M., F, do Dec. 15, '62. Maze Willis, F, Memphis, April 18, '62. THIRD CAVALRY. 1127 Moll Henry, P., Alton, 111., Oct. 18, '62. McGuire G., F, Vicksburg, July 81, '64. McAllister A. F., Memphis, April 23, '65. Matthews W. J., G, Springfield, Mo., Oct. 10, '62. Milkowsky Andreas, H, Vicksburg, Aug. 21, '64. Mueller Rudolph, H, do Jan. 29, '65. McManusM.,1, do Aug. 5, '64. Melvin Oscar B., I, do Sept. 2, '64. Mills Henry, K, St. Louis, April 17, '64. Miller Simon, L, Vicksburg, Aug. 5, '64. McDonald 0., L, Vicksburg, Aug. 5, '64. Morgan Jas., L, Vicksburg, Aug. 9, '64. Mosher Willard 0., L, Memphis, Feb. 12, '65. Morgan Eli, M, Helena, Nov. 18, '62. Meyer F., M, do Feb. 1, '63. Nelson J., F, Arena, Wis., Oct. 19, '68. Ney Adam, H, Vicksburg, Aug. 28, '64. Newburg J., H, do Aug. 80, '64. Newburg A.,H do Sept. 25, '64. Olds Oney, G, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 26, '63. Oleson Andrew, I, Vicksburg, Aug. 7, '64. Olin Orin 0, L, Quincy, 111., Dec. 28 '62. O'Connor James, M, Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 17,'64. Pangborn H. , A, Wisconsin, April 5, '65. Pember F. L., C, Helena, Nov. 11, '62. Palmer H. R., C, Vicksburg, Sept. 19, '64. Page Edwin J., C, do Oct. 27, '64. Peterson Ole, D, Cassville, Mo., Oct. 28, '62. Parker W., E, St. Louis, Nov. 2, '62. Pettit Joseph A., F, Helena, Nov. 7, '62. Parr John, H, Vicksburg, Aug. 1, '64. Polley O. D., I, do June 4, '64. Pounder J. T.,K, do Oct. 23, '64. Paulin Ernest, L, Cairo, HI. , June 15, '64. Porter Lester II., M, Memphis, Jan. 81, '65. Reynolds A. C, B, Helena, Sept. 22, '62. Runnion S. B., C, PotosI, Wis., Aug. 81, '64. Ross G. W., E, Helena, Nov. 29, '62. Root J. W., L, do Oct. 9, '62. Staff Jfrank, B, Keokuk, la., Nov. 1, '62. Swetlaud W. L., B, Vicksburg, Aug. 10, '64. Stonehouse Edward, C, St. Louis, May 18, '62. Schlosser H. J., C, Vicksburg, Aug. 1, '64. Stewart M. V., C, do Aug. 24, '64. Sutton Hugh, C, Ripley, Minn. March 9, '65. Stollman Wm., E, Cairo, 111., Sept. 1, '64. Sholes W., E, Vickaburg, Oct. IS, '64. Singleton R., E, do Oct. 20, '64. Squires J., F, hoapital boat, Aug. 28, '68. Sweep M. B., F, Memphis, Feb. 6, '68. Sleep Samuel F, Vickaburg Aug. 27, '64. Sturm Gottfried, H, Helena, Sept. 27, '62. Schmidt Henry, H, do Mch. 22, '63. Strecker C, H, Snyder's Bluff, Miss., July 8, '68. Stein Stra Dirk, H, Memphis Feb. 4, '65. Sherman Oliver P., I, Helena, Sept. 15, '62. Smith Thomas, K, Memphis, May 1, '65. Schlttenger J., M, Helena, Aug. 10, '62. Smith A.f M, do Oct. 30, '62. Sherrum John, M, Vicksburg, Aug. 8, '64. Sturtevant Ira, M, do Aug. 10, '64.- Simerson J. E., M, do Oct. 8, '64. Thompson J. C., B, Mound City, 111., Sept. 19,'62. Todd S. F., Milwaukee, Feb. 14, '62. Taylor Lorin, E, Scott, Wis., Sept. 15, '62. Thorn E. R., M, Vicksburg, Oct. 18, '64. Vaughn John, L, Helena, Sept. 17, '62. Van Patten M., M, Vicksburg, Oct. 20, '64. Woodbridge B. S., B, do Sept. 11, '68. Williams T., B, Haines' Bluff, Miss. June 15, '68. White R. B., D, Rolla, Mo., Nov. 28, '63. Whiting R., E, Helena, Sept. 28, '62. Washburn G. W., F, Memphis, May 18, '62. Weiler T. H., F, Keokuk, la., Nov. 14. Woodworth W. P., I, Memphis, May 22, '68. White J. G., I, Vicksburg, July 28. ' Warren S., L, do Sept. 10. Wright J. B., M, Helena, Aug. 13, '62. Webster R. B., M, Vicksburg, July 20, '64. Wallace Wm. H., M, Janesville, Wis., Mch.10,'65. DIED OP ACCIDENT. * Burton, D. H., B, Cotton Plant, Ark., July 8,'62. t Grabon F., B, Cairo, HI., May 8, '64. t Murray W. G., C, Missouri River, May 19, '62. ± Mann W. W., D, Pines, Mo,, June 11, '64. if Scheomb Wm., H, Illinois, Mch. 23, '62. t Wilbur O, B, Missouri River, May 17, '62. Wisener S., M, Vicksburg, July 28, '64. Zan Charles, H, Helena, Feb. 5. * Shot. + Drowned. X Lightning. |] Railroad accident. § Also reported April 9th, '63. Killed In Action 16 Died of Wounds....; 4 Died ot Disease 265 Died of Accidents 8 Total 293 THIRD CAVALRY. KILLED IN ACTION. A.W. Farr, Q.M., Baxter Springs, C.N., Oct.6,'68, C. K. Bly, lat agt., B, Choctaw Nation, Oct. 11, '68. G. W. Carr, sgt., A, Sept 1, '64. A. A. Bennett, agt., H, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. J. Burlingame, do I, do Oct. 6, '68. D. E. Bartram, do L, Ft. Smith, Ark, Sep. 8, '63, W. Page, corp., H, Fort Gibson, C.N., May 25, '68. David Beam, Corp., I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '63. Wm. E. Hopper, Corp., I, do Oct. 6, '63. Sam. P. Hart, corp. I, do Oct. 6, '68. R. R. Murphy, do I, do Oct. b, 63. Brewer Henry, I, do _ ,„o°0t- *> "*• Bohnart Jos., K, Arkansas April 14, '68. Copeland Wm., B, Van Buren, Ark., Aug. 4 '64 Clark W. C, I, Baxter Springs, C. N. Oct. 6, 68. Castello Sam. H. , L, Van Buren, Ark. , May 17, 64. Davis Jos., A, Marais des C. R., Mo.,, Aug, 31, '68. Davis John, 0, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, 68. DempseyJas.,I, do Oct. 6 68. Gallea Steph. V., I, do Oct. 6, 68. Ganen John I, do Oct. 6, 63. Green AIL, I, do Oct. 6, 63. Glfford Wm. M I, do Oct. 6, 63. Gulvin Frank, I, do Oct. 6. 63. Howard C. O., C, Carthage, Mo., Dec. 22, '63. Hunt E., C, North Fork Creek, Mo., June 16, '64. Hanson H., L, White Oak Creek, Aug. 5, '64. Jones Wm., H, Clarksville, Ark., Sept. 28, '64. Kelley G. R., F, Balltown, Mo., Oct. 10, '68. Lloyd Wm., C, Baxter Springs, C. N., Oct. 6, '68. Leach Thos., C, do Oct. 6, '63. McNary Dens, C, do Oct. 6, '68. Martin F. A., E, Clarksville, Nov. 8, '68. Munu Azro, H, Fort Gibson, May 25 '68. Mossinger G. F., I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. McClure L. A., L, Van Buren, Ark., May 17, '64. McCord Andrew, M, M. Island, Mo., Mar, 30, '68. May J. H., M, Honey Springs, Ark., Aug. 24, '64. Pond H. A., I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. Rockafellow A. A., C, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. Robinson J. H., E, Balltown, Mo., Oct. 6, '68. Russell J. S., E., Clarksville, Nov. 8, '68. Rice L. S-, I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. Reckard M., I, do Oct. 6, '68. Stimpson, Ph., C, do Oct. 6, '68. Shaver Orman, H, do Oct. 6, '63. Stillman R. R., I, Dardanelles, Ark., Jan. 14, '65, Smith Dennis, I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. Stegman C, K, Arkansas, April 14, '63. Tice Geo. W., G., Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68, 1128 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Van Camp F., I, Baxter Springs, Oct. 6, '68. Woodall Abram, I, do Oct. 6, '68. Wright John C. do Oct. 6, '68. Zahner John, I, do Oct. 6, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. J. Geisler, capt. A, Clear Lake, Ark., Mch. 12, '65 Lorenzo A. Dixon, 1st It., M, Independence, Mo. Oct. 29, '54. Armstrong R., E., Fayetteville, Mo., Dec. 10, '62 Foster George C, C, Fort Scott, Nov. 21, '64. Goodman R-, C, do Jan. 18, '63. Hooper D. M. , D, Clear Lake, Ark. , Mar. 14, '65. Otwell J. A., G, Fort Scott, Jan. 29, '68. VanDuzin M., I, Spring River, Mo., Jan. 18, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. Ira Justin, jr., capt., E, Leavenworth, June 29, '62. N. L. Stout, do H, do June 27, '88, J. Armstrong, 1st It., M, do Oct. 2, '62. I. Woodle, Bt. Q. M., Janesville, Wis., Apr. '62. L. W. Robinson, 2d lt. , D, Springfield, Feb. 2S, '63, C. E. Wiswell, hos. sgt., Little Rock, Sept. 12, '64. W. J. Wensel, sgt., A, Fort Scott, Ks., Nov.18,'62. Syrel Treat, sgt.,E, Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 6,'64, C. K. Robinson, sgt., F, Ironton, Wis., June 18, '62. R. Whitmore, sgt.,L, Fayetteville, Ark., Feb. 1,'6S. J. B. Spencer, corp,, A, Fort Scott, Nov. 4, '62. A. Ketchum, corp., A, do Oct., 15, '68. Isaac Briggs, do G, do April 27, '63. R. Burgett, do G do May 9, '68. W.H. Benson, do H,Ft. Leavenworth Jan.19,'63. W.A.Knight, do I, Fort Scott, Dec. 7, '62. Bailey O. H., A, do Sept. 26, '64. BusherN., B, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., Nov. 22, '64. Bodman W. S., C, Fort Scott, Oct., 81, '54. Blanchard H., D, Atchison, Ks., June 27, '62. Boylan Robert W., E, Fort Scott, Ks., Nov. 15, '63, Bostwick G. L., E, Springfield, Mo., Feb. 8, '63. Busgen Jacob, G, Little Rock, Ark., Sept. 9, '64. Beecbem C. E., H, do July 8, 64. Brewer James H, Leavenworth, Ks., Feb. 13, '63. Barry Thos., H, do Feb. 15, '68. Bunnell Chas. D., L, Fort Scott, Nov, 1, '62. Brown C. A., L, Salem, Mo., June 6, '63. Barber Edgar, M, Osage Mission, Ks., Jan. 24, '65. Cass Clar. W., C, Little Rock, Feb. 5, '65. Cock Harry, D, Leavenworth, March 16, '62. Crandall B. F., G, Searcy, Ark., Sept. 4, '64. Cox McClow, H, Fort Leavenworth, Dec. 10, '62. Chadwick W. A., K, Fort Scott, Sept. 17, '62. Corby John, M, do • March 1, '63. Classon M. L., M, Van Buren, Oct. 9, '63. Closson Wm. S., M, Fort Scott, Sept. 15, '62. Duncan Wm. G. , G, Madison, May 26, 64. Dedrich Wm., G, Fort Scott, Jan. 22, '65. Frient Martin, B, Fort Gibson, June 1, '63. Fisher E. J., G, Oct. 5, '65. Free James, M, Arkansas, Oct. 25. '63. Green Moses, A, Fort Scott, Sept. 10, '64. Gansen Matthias, B, Little Rock, Sept. 16, '64. Griffin Ezra J., C, Cherokee Nation, July 19, '68. Gottfried Adolph, G, Fort Scott, May 26, '63. Gannon John, H, Van Buren, Oct. 29, '64. Groom Mark A. , H, Leavenworth, Jan. 23, '63. Hilant James, B, Little Rock, Oct. 7, '64. Hutchins J. C, F, Cane Hill, Ark., Dec. 20, '62. Hall Edwin R., F, Ohio, April 20, '62. Henderson A., I. Prairie du Chien, May 29, '64. Hammond S. E., I, Fort Scott, '62. Howe P. M., K, Leavenworth, July 17, '62. Hernel J., K, Springfield, Mo., Mar. 19, '63. Hanson A., L, do Mar. 11, '68. ' Hammersly W. C, L, Little Rock Sept. 19, '64. Johnson N., B, Ft. Leavenworth, Dec. 6, '62. Jenks Z., E, Fayetteville, Jan. 15; '68. Jarvis Stephen D., F, Mt. Vernon, Mo., Ap. 7 ,'63. Johnson J. H., F, Balltown, Mo., Nov. 10, '68. Jones W., G, Janesville, Wis. Deo. 27, '61. tt Janney N., Little Rock, Sept. 9, '64. Krebs John, E, do Feb. 15, '65. Kalner P., K, Van Buren, Ark., Sept. 10, '64. Kirst C, M, Fort Scott, Oct. 1, '62. Leasome J. H., A, Springfield Mo., April 80, '68. Long L., G, Little Rock, Sept. 6, '64. Lavin T-, D, do Nov. 28, '54. Lewis Peter W. , M, Leavenworth, June 17, '62. Martin Thomas, B, Ft. Leavenworth, Dec. 17, '62. McCartyJ., B, do Feb. 3., '68. Martin H. H., C, Neosho, Mo., Mar. 11, '63. Murphy J. S., C, Little Rock, April 5 '65. Mitchell John, D, Ft. Scott, July 20, '68. Merrill A. G., E, do Feb. 10, '68. MankeH.,F, do June 26, '62. Murphy J, G, do Nov. 26, '62. Metzner J., H, Little Rock, Oct. 12, '64. Montgomery B. A., M, Kansas Sept. 27, '64. Newhouse C, E Little Rock, Mar. 19, '65. Nolan W. A., H, Leavenworth, Jan. 24, '68. O'Connor Patrick, B, Little Rock, Feb. 6, '65. O'Flaherty W.,E, do Sept. 6,64. Odell R., M, Ft. Scott, Feb. 11, '63. Pollak F. J., B, St. Louis, Mo., April 10, '62. Perry Oswin T., D, Merton, Wis., May 8, '64. Priest G. F, Camp Bowen, Ark., Nov. 6, '62. Primmer Peter, G, Ft. Scott, Oct. 29, '62. Pitts G. M., H, Lexington, Mo., May 7, '65. Perkins O. W., L, Westport, Mo., Oct. 8, '62. Platts C. I., L, Fayetteville, Feb. 1, '68. Parmelee E. A., L, Leavenworth, Sept. 6, '62. Rogers D. R., B, Little Rock, Oct 8, '64. Richardson J., D, Janesville, Wis., Feb. 14, '62. Rook Jedediah, E, St. Louis, Mo., July 7, '64. Reed W., E, Janesville, Wis., Mar. 18, '62. Richards George, F, Ft. Scott, Sept. 11, '62. Ross John, G, Little Rock, Nov. 21, '64. Richardson S. S., H, Leavenworth, Jan. 28, '68. Robb D. B., H, Mount Vernon, Wis., Sept. 9, '63. Riley John, M, Kansas, Sept. 27, '64. Shugar H., E, Van Buren, Ark., 13, '64. Silman H., H. Fort Scott, June 26, '68. Stockwell Ezra, H, On march, Ks., July 8, '68. Stowell A., H, St. Louis, Oct. 28, '64. Sanders W. E., H, Little Rock, A., Jan. 8, '65. Smith S. S., H, White Cloud, N. T., Nov. 4, '62. Sprague W. H., I, Edgerton, Wis., Feb. 9, '64. Swartout Addison, I, Little Rock, Oct. 5, '64. Stolte C, I, Lawrence, Ks., May, '65. Teubner A., B, J-ittle Rock, Sept. 28, '64. Tinkner C. M., F, Fort Scott, Ks., Nov. 24, '62. Thomas J. H., L, Janesville, Wis., Jan. 5, '62. Tyler Abel L., M, Fort Scott, Jan. 24, '68. Van Hooy Henry, K, Little Rock, May 2, '64. Whapple Jamea, D, Janesville, Wia., Jan. 80, '62. Williams John, E, Madison, May 17, '64. Walters Chas., B, Little Rook, March 31, '65. Wrenn Timothy, G, do Nov. 6, '64. Wilson David, G, Fort Scott, Dec. 6, '62. WittenbeckerH., K, hospital steamer, Oct. 18, '64. Woolston Wm., M, Fort Scott, Oct. 1, '68. DIED OF ACCIDENT. tT. B. Parkinson, 2d It., L, Dec. 17, '64. *J. F. Palmer, sgt., A, N.W.R.R.,I11., Mch. 26,'62. t Julius F. Lull, Corp., B, St. Louis, June, 16, '65. *Briggs Charles, A, N.W.R.R., 111., March 26, '62. tBatchelder C. F., E, Milton, Wis., Jan. 6, '64. *Bemua E. M., G, N. W. R. R., 111., Mch 26, '62. || Barrington &., I, Cherokee Nation, June 4, '63. Carrington C. H., C, June 10, '65. *0ase Wm. H., G, N.W.R.R., 111., Mar. 26, 62. SCooper Henry, I, Little Rock, Nov. 20, '64. *Davis William, A, N.W.R.R. 111., March 26, 62. || Dennison Delos, H, Mississippi River, May 13, '62. f Gardner Wm. H., F, Fort Scott, July 28, '68. *Hatch Chas. D., A, N.W.R.R., 111., Mar. 26, '62. tJohnson Andrew, L, July 29, '63. tLee John, cold c'k, A, Rolla, Mo., June 24 '65. *McCarta John, A, N. W. R. R., HI., Mch. 26, '62. **Prickett John, I, Fort Scott, '62. FOURTH CAVALRY. 1129 ?RawaonL. M., A, N.W.R.R., 111., March 26, '62. Killed in Action. 55 *Rawson Lucien, G, do March 26, '62. Died of Wounds 8 *Stone Caspar, A, do March 26, '62V Died of Disease 128 *Snell W. H., G, do March 26, '62. Died of Accident 24 *Sharp Elisha, L, do March 26, '62. - *Wilcox Byron L., Chicago, April 17, '62.' Total '. 210 * Accident on N.W.R.R, near Chicago. tShot, X Locomotive explosion. (Drowned. § Suicide. T Affray. ** Lightning. i\ Reported on muster roll as killed in action, Van Buren, Arkansas, Sep tember 25, 1864. OUK1H CAVALRY. KILLED IN ACTION. S. A. Bean, col., Port Hudson, La., May 29, '68. F. A. Boardman, col., Amite Riv., La., May 8,'64. J. W. Lynn, capt., I, gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. G. Wintermeyer, adjt., Port Hudson, June 14,'63. J. E. Williams, 1st It., A, Baton Rouge, Mch.8,'68. E. A. Clapp, 1st It., C, Port Hudson, May 27, '63. C. N. Kenyon, sgt., A. do June 14, '63. E. C;Farnum,' do F, do May 29, '68. William Parks, do F, do May 27, '68. Daniel O'Leary, do H, do June 14, '68. J. P. Mattison, do I, do June 14, '68. H. A. Perry, Corp. A, do June 14, '63. John W. Guck, do C, Bisland, La., Apr. 13, 63. 0. S. Frissell, do E, Port Hudson, June 14, '68, Jos. S. Luse, do F, do May 28, '68. S. L. Carpenter, do H, do May 29, '68. R. Andrews, do H, Clinton, La., June 8, '68. J. II. Davidson, do I, Big Black Riv., June 2, '65. F, C. Roehr, do K, Port Hudaon, May 27, '63. A. J. Dunlap, do K, do June 14, '63. John J. Sweet, do K, do "June 14, '68. Acker Perry W., K, do June 14, '68 Brown Michael, D, Bialand, La., April 13, '63. Beaumont Feter, D, do April 13, '63. BaTtram D. , gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. Butters A. C, F, Port Hudson, May 27, '63. Briggs Wm., H, do May 27, '63. Dawes Frank, D, do July 4, '63. Dike Horace, D, do Juhe 14, '63. Duffie, James E., E, Bisland, April 13, '63. Dodge Albert, H, do April 18, '63. Deal Nicholas, I, Port Hudson, June 14, '63. Dutcber James, K, do May 27, '63. Ferris F. C, D, do June 14, '63. Gilmar Alex., G, Baton Rouge, Sept. 29, '63. Grenzo John, I, Port Hudson, May 27, '68. Goodenough L., I, do June 14, '63. Gailey Thomas S. , do June 14, '68. Goodrich L. D., K, gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. Gill Luke, K, Port Hudson, June 14, '68. Hyslop Thos., G, Baton Rouge, Sept. 8, '68. Houlihan C, H, Port Hudson, June 14, '68. Harrington E. J., K, do June 14. '68. Johnson D. H., G, Camp Beauregard, Nov. 15, '64. Kerr John, D, Bisland, La., April 13, 63. Kinney L. D., E, Port Hudson, May 27, '68. Knowi'ton J. F. B., E, do June 14, '68. Lee William, F, do June 14, '63. Layman V., H, do May, 27, '63. Mollett Franklin, H, do Jnne 14, '68. Minnick E. D., H, do June 29, '68. McCabe Henry, H, Clinton, La., March 5, '65. Mansel Fred., H, do March 5, '65. Miller Wm. M., K, Port Hudson, June 14, '63. McGee Charles, K, do June 14, '63. Newman Jamea, H, do June 14, '68. Otto Ferd. L., H, do June 14, '68. Patterson A. , A, do June 14, '63. Palmer Albion P., G, gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. Perrigo Wm., H, Port Hudson, May 27, '68. Randall E. A., B, gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. Rosebrooks A., B, Baton Rouge, Sept.. 8, '68. Stillick Wm. P., D, Port Hudson, June 14, '68. Shaffer Chas. W.. D, gunboat Tyler, July 15, '62. Stockwell C, I, Big Black Riv., Miss., June 2, '65. Tabor Wm. W., F, Port Hudson, June 14,' 63. Tuohey Patk., F, Black Bayou, La., Mch. 19, '64, Tupper Joseph P., F, Port Hudson, June 14, '68. Windsor Nat., C, Texas, Feb. 4, '66. Wright Jer. N., E, Port Hudson, June 14, '63. WatrousH. 0., K, do May 27, '63. Zeah John W., E, do June 14, '63. DIED OF WOUNDS. Levi R. Blake, capt., I, Baton Rouge, June 10,'63, H. 0. Gleasoh, 1st It., B, do Mch. 29, '65. Isaac N. Earl, do D, Fayette, Miss., Deo. 10, '64. D. B, Maxson, do F, Baton Rouge, June 8, '63. H. S. Nyce, 2d It., A, New York City, Oct. 7, '63. Moses Ranney, sgt., A, Port Hudson, June 15, '68. John Shearer, do B. do May 27, '68. Geo. F. Pygall, do B, Baton Rouge, Oct. 5, '64. G. F. Martin, do D, do Mch. 19, '65. Ab. Coppers, do H, do Feb. 24, '64. W. H. Haskell, do H, Port Hudson, June 8, '68. Thos. Duffey, Corp., A, do June 16, '63. W. T. Ludeman, corp. , A, do June 17, '63. J. L. Chandler, Corp., I, New Orleans, July lOj'68. Brundige Dan. B., B, Port Hudson, June 14, '63. Brown N.R.,B, do June 14, '68. Baldwin J. W.,D, do July SO, '63. Cornwell E. B., do June 14, '64. Croley Dennis, B, do June 14, '63. Campbell W. H., F, New Orleans, June 2, '68. Duval Francis, E, Plaquemine, La., Ang. 6, '64. Grinnols, 8. C, D, New Orleans, July 1, '63. Henry Charles, B, Baton Rouge, .July 1, '68. Neitzert Andrew, E, New Orleans, July IS, '68. Piper C. A., U, Port Hudson, June 14. '63. Ray Milan E., do June 18, '68. Strong De Witt C, B, Port Hudson, June 14, '63. Schumann, Chr., C, Baton Rouge, March 16, '64. Taylor T. D., E, Plaquemine, La., Aug. 6, '64. Tourtillotte J. A., H, Baton Rouge, June 10, '68. White Ezra O., D, Port Hudson, July 3, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. II. R, Merriman, ass't. surg., Baton Rouge, Sept IS, '64. LewisD. Aldrich, adjt., Boston, May 21, '62. W. J. Dufield, 2d It., D, Baton Rouge, Oct. 14, '64. G. M. Chalfant, bos. sgt., Baltimore, Dec. 19 '61. 0. A- Stone, 1st sgt., E., Natchez, July 25, '62. Lemuel Stearns, sgt., B, Carrollton, Sept. 26. '62. D. L . Kimball, do B, Ripon, Wis., July 7, '65. Corn. Forbes, do B, do Feb. 6, '65. R. S. Chase, sgt., D, Baton Rouge, Mch. 14, '54. A. P. Niles. do D, do Aug. 18, '64. B. A. Whittle, sgt., E, do Sept. 16, '64. W. J. Bell, do E, San Antonio, Oct. 28, '64. R. D. Carmichael, F, Vicksburg, July 26, '62. J. C. Leigh, sgt., I, New Orleans, June 2, '62. W. J. Bush, do I, Carrollton, La., Nov. 8, '62. M.W. Brist, do I, Paseagoula, Miss., Dec. 25,'64. G. P.Bailey, do I, Florence, S. C:, Dec. 1, '54. N. F. Breed, do K, New Orleans, Aug. 18, '62. W. H. Daskam, agt., K, do Aug. 17, '62. J.G. Haisch, agt., L, Baton Rouge, La. ,June 28, '64. J. McLain, sgt., M, do July 5, '64. Wm. Hales, corp. B, do Nov. 4, '64 E. W. Bosworth, corp., B, do Sept. 6, '64. 1130 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. J. J. White, eorp. C, Carrollton, Oct. 29, '62. E. T. Lueloff, do 0, Baton Rouge, April 8, '64. J. M. Davis, do C, do Jan. S, '65. W. 0. Burt, do C, do Nov. 80, '63. Milo Wood, do D, Carrollton, Aug. 24, '62. W. McKiniBtry, Corp., D, Rusk, Tex., July 28,'65. A. W. Mason, Corp., E, Ship Island, Miss., Ap.8,'62. W. E. Dexter, corp.,G, New Orleans, Aug. 15, '62, G. W. Lanning, do H, do June 12, '62, B. F. Hall, do I, Carrollton, Sept. 10, '62. N. 8. Linsley, do 1, Baton Rouge, Oct. 10, '62. M. D.L. Bedell, do K, do Sept. 8, '64. H. Pettis, do K, Greenville, Apr. 12, '64. R. W. Witter, do M, Baton Rouge, Nov. 24, '64. Adams J. H., A, do July 8, '62. Austin I. L., D, do Aug. 16, 64. Ames N., E, New Orleans, June 20, '68. Allen G., G, Carrollton, Nov. 28, '62. Anderson M. A., G, Baton Rouge, Jan. 4, '65. Beckhart A. H., A, Carrollton, Oct. 11, '62. Batis M., A, Morganza, July 25, '64. Beeckler J. 8., C; Carrollton, Aug. 28, '62. Bailey F., col. c'k., C, Baton Rouge, Feb. 20, '64. Barnes E. H., C, do May. 8, '64. Biewer A., C, San Antonio, Tex., Oct. 25, '65. Brewster D., D, Mound City, III., Nov. 1, '64. Brink N., E, Baton Rouge, Feb. 24, '63. Banks George, E, do Sept. 4, '64. Beardsley H. G., F, New Orleans, Aug. 10, '62. Blake Joseph, F, do Jan. 14, '65. Baker R., F, Baton Rouge, Aug. 24, '64. Bull C. H.,F, Vicksburg, June 15 '65. Brown J, H, New Orleans, Aug. 28, '62. Brainard S. R., I, Relay House, Md., Oct. 27, '61, Bachelder I. J., I, Carrollton, Oct. 80, '62. Burnett E. S., I, Baton Rouge, Mch. 31, '65. Brewster C. J., K, New Orleans, Aug. IS, '62. Barber F. J., K, Baton Rouge, Aug. 16, '64. Carr N.S.,A, New Orleans, July 16, '64. Clark E., B, Fort. Monroe, Ap. 16, '62. Crawford W., B, Baton Rouge, Nov. 14, '64. Call G. H., C, Carrollton, Sept. 21, '62. Cory J., Baton Rouge, Aug. 11, '62. Cameron W., E, New Orleans, Sept. 21, '62. Carter C. L., F, Baton Rouge, Sept. 2, '64. Chappell T. H., F, do Jan. 4, '65. Chamberlain H. N.,G, Madison, Wis., Mar. 17,'64. Coffey D., I, Baton Rouge, Aug. 14, '64. Cook W. D., I, Wilmington, N. C, Mar. 18, '65. Carr H. W., Jackson, Aug., 5, '62. Chicks A. J., K, Relay House, Md., Oct. 22, '61. Crans Edward, K, Ship Island, April 2 '62. Crouch G., K, Baton Rouge, Oct. 18, '64. Cullen J., K, New Orleans, June 18, '65. Carter W. E., M, Baton Rouge, Sept. 1, '64. Comar J. S., M, do -» Sept. 25, '65. Davis G. H., B, July 18, '64. Duane H. J., B, New Orleans, Sep. 19, '62. Danforth R. R., C, do • Aug. 25, '62. Duffle O. E., E, Carrollton, Oct. 12, '62. Doty W. H., E, Washington, Oct. 80, '62. Dodge W. H., F, Relay House, Aug. 24, '61. Dyer W. H., F, Vicksburg, July 20, '62. Dwyer O. P., Carrollton, Nov. 2, '62. Danforth A. F.,G, Newport News,Va.,Mch. 18, '62. Darling J. V., K, Baton Rouge, July 18, '62. DempseyJ.,K, do Dec. 28, '54. Dougherty T., M, Madison, Sept. 25, '64. Elmore A. W., C, Baton Rouge, Nov, 14, '64. Earl J. W., D, Ship Island, Miss,, June 21, '62. Early D. W., D, Baton Rouge, Nov. 18, '64. Elberts Peter, E, Cairo, 111., Oct. 6, '54. Ewings J. C, M, Baton Rouge, Nov. 6, '64. Foster O. S., D, do Sept. 28, '54. Frederick J., F, Cairo, 111., Oct. 19, '64. Farnham H. J., G, New Orleans, April 25, '65. Flint G. W., G, Baton Rouge, Nov 23, '64. Federly D., G, Madison, Mar. 80, '54. Fowler O., K, Ship Island, Miss., April 18, '62. Fendleson L. D., K, Carrollton, Dec. 16, '62. Farnham W. B., K, AndersonviUe, Oct. 21, '64. Griffin N. O., A, Carrollton, Nov. 27, '62. Gardner W. L., A, Baton Rouge, Aug. 26, '64. Gleason E. P., A, New Orleans, May 80, '65. GunBolus A., B, Ship Island, April 6, '62. Garthwait H. , D, Fortress Monroe, April 6, '62. Goodwin G. H. D., G, New Orleans, July 18, '64. Gettel G., L, Baton Bouge, Oct. 29, '64. Gundy H., L, Milwaukee, Nov. 16, '64. Holden G., A, Baton Rouge, June IS, '62. Harris A. 0., B, Louisiana, Dec. 2, '62. Higgins Begordus, C, Newport News, Mch. 12, *62. Hubbard J. II., D, Relay House, Sept. 28, '61. HollenbeckP. H., E, Philadelphia. Hilyer Lucius W., E, New Orleans, Oct. 20, '62. Hadley J. H., E, Carrollton, Oct. 7, '62. Herrick W. L., F. Baton Rouge, March 12, '64. Herriman E. N., F, Edinburg, Tex., April 80, '66. Hanson H., F, Spring Brook, Wis., Jan. 12, '65. Hatch W. W., G, New Orleans, Aug. 28, '62. Hawley J. D-, G, Baton Rouge Nov. 24, '64. Hill J. I, Carrollton, Nov. 5, '62. Hanson 11., 1, Baton Rouge, Sept. IS, '64. Henderson W. H., I, Olean, HI., Nov. 28, '64. Hart J. A., K, Relay House, Md., Sept. 28, '61. Hardy H. H., K, Baltimore, Mch. 14, '62. Halle E., L, Baton Rouge, June 24, '04. Holzer J., L, do Oct. 21, '64. Hamp X., L, do Jan. 15, '65. Henderson W.,M, Madison, June 10, '65. Jenkins T., B, Carrollton, Jan. 9, -68. Johnson S., C, Relay House, Nov. 7, '61. Jones J. M., D, Baltimore, Nov. 2, '61. Johnson W. F., G, Relay House. Nov. 18, '61. Jewell I., I, Carrollton, Sept. 28, '62. Johnson J., M, Baton Rouge, Aug. 15, '64. Johnson J. L., M, Wisconsin, Oct. 4, '64. Krebs C, A, Vicksburg,,July 20, '62. Knight C. A., A, Whitewater, Wis., Nov. 28, '64. Kellogg R. , B, Baton Rouge, Jan. 15, '65 Kleinhart F., B, July 25, '62. Kelly P., C, Sheboygan Falls, Wis., Oct., 8, '64. Krebs J., L, Baton Rouge, Aug. 8, '64. Kellar I., L, Madison, July 15, '65. Lewis C. H., A, Vicksburg, July 18, '62. Lovejoy C. S., A, Carrollton, La., Nov. 8, '62. Lynch J. L., B, Relay House, Md., Nov. 2, '61. Loeb J., C, New Orleans, Aug., 21, '62. Leberer G., E, do Aug. 28, '62. Livingston T. J., E, Baton Rouge, Oct. 6> '64. Livoumier C. , E, Camp Parapet, Oct. 2, '62. Lawrence A. M., K, Baton Rouge, Aug. 29, '68. Laughlin R., K, New Orleans, Apr. 2, '65. Larche F., K, Baton Rouge, June 3, '64. Linzenhuber J., L, do Feb. 22, '55. Long John, M, New Orleans, Nov. 12, '64." Land A., M, Madison, April 2, '64. Lovellman C., H, Baton Rouge, May 18, '64. Mallo W. W., A, Carrollton, Dec. 11, '62. Morrell J. P., A, Baton Rouge, Dec. 80, '65. McCollister E. D., Carrollton, Oot. 5, '64. McDonald E., C, Baton Rouge, April 7, '68. McKuue Melvin M., D, Baltimore, Jan. 25, '62. McCarty M., D, Baton Rouge, Nov. 6, '64. Meredith T., D, New Orleans, Feb. 25, '65. Matthews J., F, Baton Rouge, Aug. 9, '62. McBride A. B., F, Carrollton, Oct. 80, '62. Marshall G. F., F, Baton Rouge, July 18. '64. McAllister W., G, Camp Parapet, Oct. 22, '62. Madison S., G, Carrollton, Nov. 22, '62. McAllister J., K, New Orleans, Sept. 20, '62. Mangan R. A., K, Baltimore, Nov. 23, '61. Morgan Wm., K, Fond du Lac, Wis., Sept. 25, '68. McLaughlin J., K, New Orleans, April 24, '65. Mayer Leon, L, St. Louis, June 18, '64. Moerhoff C, L, Middleton, Wis., Oct. 14, '64. McCord Wm., M, Baton Rouge, Sept. 2, '64. NareG., C, do Sept. 16, '64. Newell M,, D, New Orleans, June 27, '68. Oliver W. H., C, Cairo, 111., Nov. 2 '64. Ortlieb Otto, K, New Orleans, May 8, '68. Oleson T., K, Baton Rouge, June 23, '64. Peters F., A, do Nov. 20, '64. Phettyplace E., B, Vicksburg, June 24, '65. LIGHT ARTILLERY. 1131 Pickard C. S., D, Andersonville, Aug. 18, '64. Pott A., E, Carrollton, Sept. 4, '62. Putman H., F, Geneva, Wis., Jan. 1, '66. Parker Francis J., F, Baton Rouge, Oct. 20, '64. Pettijohn R. R., G, Carrollton, Oct. 2, '62. Propeck Joseph, G, New Orleans, Sept. 9, '68. Parsons W. H., I, do Sept. 20, '62. Post Samuel P., I, Baton Rouge, Mar. 16, '64. Palmer C. B., K, do Aug. 17, '62. Plumb Albert A., K, AndersonviUe, June 26, '64. Patton J. H., M, Bt'r D. A. January, July 1, '65. Powers J. W., M, Baton Rouge, April 29, '64. Robbin, W., C, Baltimore, Dec. 17, '61. Rue Charles A., D, Baton Rouge, June 27, '64. Rivenburgh C. F., E, do Feb. 28, '64. Reebl C, E, do July 7, '64. Randall G. T., G, do Aug. 7, '62. Root T. A., I, Tomah, Wj.s., Oct. 12, '64. Reuther A., L, Baton Rouge, Oct. 29, '64. Richards A. B., L, do Nov. 29, '64. Rochon Henry, L, do May 9, '64. Sax W. 0., A, Carrollton, Sept. 28, '62. i Sabine Irwin, A, Baton Rouge, July 8, '64. Saunders G. 8., B, do Dec, 14, '64. Saunders Jamea, B, ship Island, Miaa., Apr. 7, '62. Spencer W. H., B, Baton Rouge, July S, '62. SulUvanDan., C, do Oct. 7, '63. Stivers S., D, Southwest Pass, La., April 23, '62. Spaulding R. E., E, Baton Rouge, May 5 '64. Sherman Alf., F, do June 24, '62. Smith John, F, do Aug. 4, '62. Smith Henry, F, do Aug. 24, '64. Squires J. H., F, Springfield, Wis., Oct. 22, '64. Smith Levi, F, AndersonviUe, Sept 8, '64. Silverthorne ti. C, G, Baton Rouge, Oct. 2, '62. Smith Frank C, G, Baton Rouge, Nov. IS, '65. Smith Jas. A., I, Relay House, Aug. 25, '61. Saunders George, I, New Orleans, Aug. 14, '62. Seymour Anton, I, Baton Rouge, June 19, '64. Stevens Alonzo, I, do July 25, '64. Stevens Wlnslow, I, Hixton, Wis. Stanford Miles, I, Florence, S. C, Dec. 1, '64. Sayies A. D., K, Andersonville, Oct. 17, '64. Scott N. F., K, Baltimore, Feb. 6, '62. Stolberg C. E., L, Milwaukee, Nov. 5, '64. Schoof John, L, Baton Rouge, Nov. 4, '64. Swermaun Henry, L, Milwaukee, Oct. 20, '64. Stone Emerson, M, Baton Rouge, Sept. 4, '64. Sparks Eli, M, Carrollton, La., May 24, '64. Thompson W., A, str. D. A. January, Aug. 12, '65. ToUes W. C, A, Fort Ewell, Tex., Oct. 19, '65. Thompson James, B, Madison, May 15, '65. Terwllliger T., E, Carrolton, Sept. 24, '62. Thomas Alex., H, Baton Rouge, Nov. 26, '64. Toelle William, L, do Oct. 28, '64. Trowbridge F., M, do Sept. 7, '64. Underwood G. W., D» do Sept. 29, '68. Viles Gus. G., F., do June 18, '63. Voigt Julius, L, do Aug. 20, '64. Walsh Edward P., A, New Orleans, Aug. 16, '64. Walden H. G., A, Baton Rouge, Sept. 28, '64. Wipprecht H. J., C, New Orleans. Aug. 10, '62. Wolff F. A., C, Carrollton, Sept. 2, '62. Wright O. B., C, Sheboygan P., Wis., Dec. 28,'64. Weiss Lewis, D, Baton Rouge, Dec. 20, '68. West S. W. 8., D, New Orleans, Jan. 20, '66. Walker G. W., F, Relay House, Oct. 20, '61. Wade Charles D. G, Carrollton, Sept. 2, '62. Walker Solomon C., I, Baton Rouge, Sept. 12, '64. Walker W. B., I, do Nov. 19, '64. Wells N. D., K, do May 27, '64. / Weinschenk Charles, L, do Oct. 13, '64. Williams J. H., M, VickBburg, June 20, '65. ZoeUner Chaa., H, Baton Rouge, May 18, '64. ^ DIED OF ACCIDENT. »John Hoffman, sgt., H, at sea, Dec. 22, '64. + Alderman C. L., B, Morganza, La., Aug. 1, '64. *Geer John J., D, at sea, Dec. 22, '64. tGard Joan R., I, Baltimore, Dec. 11, '61. "Heat Joseph, H, Baton Rouge, July 26, '62. tHull Edward, I, Relay House, Aug. 25, '61. •Imus Wallace C, B, at sea, Dec. 22, '64. *Kamm Lewis, L, do Dec. 22, '64. tLyons Richard, D, Baton Rouge, April 1, *64. tManes WiUiam, D, do Oct. 28, '68. tMcIntyre Alex., II, do April 1, '64. tMarygold John S. K, Memphis, Feb. 25, '64. JNeedham John II., D, Relay House, Aug. 10, '61. *0'Kelly W. H., E, Mississippi River, Aug. 7, '62. {Preston Chas., E, Racine, Wis., July 6, '61. tReed Warren V., C, Milwaukee, June 27, '61. Turner George, D, Vermilion, La., April 28, '63. *Vodre C. E., A, Mississippi River, Aug. 6, '62. * Drowned. t Shot. X Railroad Accident. Killed in Action 72 Dledot Wounds SI Died of Disease 261 Died of Accidents 18 Total 882 LIGHT ARTILLERY. FIRST BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. Rodman Erasmus E., Vicksburg, June 27, '68. DIED OF WOUNDS. Mairill James A.» Grand Gulf, Miss., May B '68. Mateson W., Chickasaw Bayou, Miss., Dec. 29, '62. Withee Charles, Memphis, June 15, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. Edw. P. Aylmer 2d It., New Orleans, July 18, '64. N D. Ledyard, Corp., Brashear City, Sep. 17, 6S, Armstrong C, St. Louis, Aug 2^ '63 Basford Wesley, New Orleans, March 29 '64. Burton Henry, str. Black Hawk, May 18, '64. Bunn F. M., Vicksburg, July 9, '68 Chase Sam. I, New Orleans, March 9 64 mark D W.. Milliken's Bend, La., April 11, "b4. cLmeron Silas, Louisville, Sept. 14, '62 Foster William, Milliken -a Bend April 11 -64 Hewitt Edwin P., Lexington, Ky., April IS, 62. Hayden 11., Rocky Springs, Miss., May 6, '68. Harris Edson J., Young's Point La., Feb. 6, '6 King Chas. E., Trempeleau, Wia., Jan. 15, '62 Meigs Henry E., Young's Point, June 5, '68. Murphy William, do Feb. 26, '63. McConnell David, do Jan. 29, '68. Richards W. F.,.Jefferson Barracks, Feb. 2, '6S Ramsey W. D., New Orleans, March 81, '64. Randless James W., Young's Point, March 9, 'I Snyder Herman, New Orleans, July 26, '64. Smith Gilbert, do Aug. 8, '64. WaUter Wm. H., Lexington, Ky., March 21, '& DIED OF ACCIDENT. Waters Charles L. , Memphis, July 20, '68. Killed in Action j Died of Wounds \'.\ a Died of disease .%."!!!!! 23 Died of Accident !!!!!!! 1 Total « 1132 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. SECOND BATTERY. DIED OF DISEASE. Baltus August, Hampton Hospital, Va., Oct. 26,'62 Contant Peter, Camp Hamilton, Va., Oct. 28, '62. Crees Edward, Yorktown, Va., Sept. 14, '68. Diroxler Andreas, Fort Monroe, Aug. 24, '62. Frey Frederick, Yorktown, Va. , Sept. 14, '68. Fickler Frederick, do Sept. 29, '63. Kissel Christian, Point Lookout, Md.', July 19, '64, Mann Frederick, do July 7, '64. Mueller, Wilhelm, Fort Monroe, Feb. 26, '62. Reingruber Thos., Yorktown, Oct. 1, '68. Richter Chas. F., do Sept. 19, '68. Turk Wm., do July 20, '62. Total 15 THIRD BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. Hubbard Chas. W., Chickamauga, Sept. 20, '68. Sickles Chas., Kenesaw Mountain, June 26, '64. DIED OF WOUNDS. Noble Arza J., Chattanooga, Sept. 27, '68. Palmer Sam. B. do Oot. 8, '68. Stevens HassellD., do Sept. 24, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. G. E. Decker, sgt., Anderaonvllle, Sept. 11, '64. Leonard J. Uline, Corp., rebel prison, Oct. 16, '68 Best Nathan, Nashville, April 8, '62. Bacon Daniel, Hamburg, Tenn., May 7, '62. Burr Eugene, Corinth, July 7, '62. Bryant Albert C, Stevenson Ala., Sep. 19, '68. Clark M. A., Murfreesboro, Jan 28, '68. Chapin Titus B., Andersonville, '64. Dibble Moreau W., Murfreesboro, May 18, '68. Davis Cassius M. 0., Madison, Aug. 18, '64. Edgerton S. R., Savannah, Tenn., April' 11, 02. Edgerton W. J., Corinth, June 25, '62. Hanley Thomas, Andersonville, Aug., '64. Hess Henry E., Danville, Feb., '64. Hoag Herman, Corinth, Junel, '62. Livingston James M., rebel prison. McMahon Wm., Andersonville, Julyl, '64. Mclntyre Wm., Wisconsin, Jan. '8, '62. Palmer Herman B., Almond, Wis., Feb. 22, '64. Randall Daniel S., Savannah, Tenn., May 29, '62, Smith Edgar, Columbia, Tenn., April 15, '62. Killed in Action S Died of Wounds 8 Died of Disease 21 Total FOURTH BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. J. H. Graves, sgt.,' Richmond, Sept. 29, '64. Isaacson L. 0., Darbytown road, Oct. 7, '64. DIED OF DISEASE. B. F. Watsori sgt., Yorktown, Va., Aug. 4, '68. A. Clark, corp., Hampton, Va., Sept. 18, '68. D. W. Barry, artificer, Yorktown, Sept. 7, '68. Bently D., Fort Monroe, July 5, '62. Bingham W., Hampton, Va., July 17, '68. Baker 0., Madison, April 5, '64. Cobb C. W., Gloucester Pt., Sept. 18, '62. Charlott E. A., Monroe, Va., Oct. '80, '68. Caveny J., Pt. Lookout, Sept. 6, '64. Dresser A. S., Portsmouth, July 20, '64, Graves W. I., Yorktown, July 80, "68. Helllck Ole, do Aug. 5, '68. Knell S., Portsmouth, Va., April 8, '64. MoOathran Niel, Hampton, Va., Sept. 18, '68. McDonald Thos., do Apr. 1, '64. Spencer T. P., Fort. Monroe, Va., Sept. 12, '62. Sears Daniel A., Yorktown, Va., May 8, '64. Sauer George, Hampton, Va. , Aug. 7, '64. Smith H. D;, Washington, Aug. 7, '64. Yahdeventer J. W. , Yorktown, Aug, 22. '68. Van Galder Amos F, Portsmouth, Va,., Nov. 10,'68. DIED OF ACCIDENT. *01eson O., Ft. Monroe, May 27, '62. * Drowned. Killed in action, .' 2 Died of Disease 21 Died of accident, 1 Total 24 FIFTH BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION, Adair Charles, Stone River, Tenn. , Deo. 81, '62, Smith John F., Chaplin Hilia, Ky., Oot. 8, '62. DIED OF WOUNDS. Oscar F. Pinney, capt., Feb. 17, '68. Thomas John G., Murfreesboro, Jau 29, '68. Welty David S., Nashville, Feb. 6, '68. DIED OF DISEASE. Almon Smith, 2d It., Iuka, Miss., Aug. 28, '62. Brown H. A., Murfreesboro, Feb. 16; '65. Buck Walter, Louisville, Aug. 24, 64. Olarno Andrew, Nashville, July 24, '64. Foot G. N., Louisville, March 22, '68. Hamilton G. H., Madison, Aug. 25, '64. Jewett Charles A., Chattanooga, March 80, '64. Johna Morris, Big Shanty, Ga., June 80, '64. Knapp John D., Murfreesboro, Feb. 21 68. Miller Morgan H., Farmington, Miss., Sept. 2, '62. Mitchell Allen, Bowling Green, Ky., Deo. 14,'62. Morey S. H., Madison, Feb. 4, '64. Mycomber Albert, Lookout Mountain, July 25, '64. Ross John, Jacinto, Miss., July 12, '62. Sweet Reuben, Nashville, Fob. 22, '68. Stewart James, Annapolis, July 9, '68, Spark James W., Murfreesboro, April 1, '68. Titus George, do Feb. 9, '68. Webster Edwin A., Chattanooga, July 21, '64. Killed in Action 2 Died of Wounds 8 Died of Disease 19 Total 24 SIXTH BATTEBY. KILLED IN ACTION. D. T. Noyes, 2d Lieut., Corinth, Miss., Oct., 4,'62. L. B. Honn, corp., do Oct., 4, '62. A. B. Page, corp., Vicksburg, July 8, '68. Barney G. W., Corinth, Oct. 4, '62. Brown G. D., do Oct. 4, '62. Thomas G. L., do Oct. '62. DIED OF DISEASE. Bennett V. A., Louisville, Dec. 26, '68. Benson B., Nashville, Feb. 22, '66. Banks R. E., Cattanooga, April 14, '65. Colborn, Wm., Merrimac, Wis., July 16, '88. LIGHT ARTILLERY. 1133 Campbell C, Ticksburg.Aug. 16, '68. Gordon W. A., Etowah Bridge, Ga., Sept. 4, '64. Hauxhurst A., New Madrid, Mo., Apr. 1, '62. Haskins John G. , Corinth, Oct. , 18, '62. Hungerford E. R,, do Nov. 9, '62. Johnson Benj. I., do Oct. 8, '62. Johnson Enoch, HuntsviUe, Ala., June 21, '64. Moss!'. B., do Feb. 28, '54. Murphy M. W,, do Mar. 8, '64. Marden J. G., Chattanooga, May 18, '65. Perry E. J. D., Memphis, Oct. 25, '68. Phillips H. B., Nashville, Aug., '64. Rodgers J., St. Louis, Jan. 20, '65. Tennant M., Keokuk, I, Jan., 11, '68. Wheeler S. F., Rienzi, Miss., Aug. 2, '62. Weaver M., Cairo, 111., Nov 28, '68. DIED OF ACCIDENTS. *Gould S. J., New Madrid, Mo., April 1, '62. King F., Murfreesboro, June 29, '65. * Premature discharge of cannon. Killed in aclion. .. Died of Disease. . ., Died of accidents. Total 28 SEVENTH BATTERY. DIED OF WOUNDS. Samuel Hayes, 2d It., Jackson, Jan. 21, '68. *S. W. Hawkins, 1st sgt., Memphis, Aug. 21, '64. M. I. Marsden, sgt., Parker's Cross Road, Term., Jan. 1, '68. *A. Wallwork, sgt. .Parker's Cross Rd., Dec. 81,'62. ?A. B. Mower, Bgt., Memphis, Aug. 21, '64. J. Graham, corp., Jackson, Tenn., Aug, 8, '68. Clark 0. L., Parker's Cross Road, Jan. 1, '63. ?Griffin W. W., Memphis, Aug. 21, '64. ?Walker R., do Aug. 21, '64. ?Probably should be reported as killed In action. EIGHTH BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. S. J. Carpenter, capt., Stone River, Deo. 81, '. DIED OF DISEASE. A. M. Buffum, corp., Jacinto, Miss., Aug. 8, '¦ Jacob Oleson, '*do do. Ballentlne T., Sept. 14, 62. Colwell M., Louisville, Oct. 18, '68. Calvin W. H., Murfreesboro, Sept. 23, '64. Clarke Calvin, do Feb. 1, '65. Daniels J. , Nashville, Apr. 16, '64. Ellis W., Jackson, Miss., Nov. 1, '62. Green N. S., St. Louis, Apr. 18, '62. Hubbard I. P., Mound City, 111., Nov. 7, '62. Howe L. T., New Albany, Dec, 24, '62. Higgins Melvin W., Corinth,' Miss. Higgins A., Nashville, July 28, '68. Harris Anson, Murfreesboro, Jan. 28, '65. Hoffman Francis E., Madison, Feb. 20, '64. Johnson John E., Mauston, W1b., May 16. '64. McMurphy J., Jackson, Tenn., Sept. 28, 62. McMurphy L., NashviUe, Jan. 5, '63. Persons C, Murfreesboro, Apr. 5, '68. Perry A. W., Racine, Wis., Jan. 17, '62. Snider M., Iuka, Miss., Aug. 21, '62. Stewart T. I., Louisville, Sept. 11, '63. Sherwood L. D., Murfreesboro, Apr. 18, '65. Thurber C. D., May 27, '62. Walton W. H., Bowling Green, Ky., Nov. 20, ' Welch R. M., Charlestown, HI., June 19, '68. Killed in Action Died of Disease DIED OF DISEASE. Total... „... 27 63. Bramwell J., Jackson, Term., April, Apr. 16, Burke J. .Memphis, Aug. 7, '64. ' Clark J. H., Jackson, Tenn., Feb. 10, '68. Clow A. J., Memphis, Sept. 10, '68. Dorward I., Aug. 27, '62. Ferrey Aaron G., Humboldt, Tenn., July 81, Gridley A. E. , Milwaukee, May 12, '62. Gerrish I., Trenton, Tenn., July 1, '62. Gerrish J. , do July 12. , '62. Loomis O. It., Memphis, July 9, '64. Palmer H. C, Milwaukee, June 20, '62. Phillips H., Aug. 16, '62. Bignette Heinrieh, Island No. 10, Mo. May 80, '62. Smith L. A., Dec. 7, '64. Toynson J., Ang. 8, '62. Thomas J. H., Memphis, Dec. 81, '64. Waggoner A., St. Louis, Mar. 20, '68. White E. A., Chicago, Aug. 4, '54. Wright Joseph H., Wisconsin, Jan. 20, '65. Wright A. J., rebel prison. DIED OF ACCIDENT. ? Mygatt O. 0., Memphis, April 10, '64. * Drowned. Dledof Wounds Died of Disease 19 Died of Accident 1 Total 29 NINTH BATTERY. DIED OF DISEASE. 0. Funk, corp., Fort Lyon, C. T., Sept. 9 '62. S. S. Brown, corp., do Aug. 11, '62. Davis J., do July 19, '62. Green L., Camp Relief, C. T., Aug. 7, '62. Wood W.,.Fort Lyon, C. T., Sept. 19, '62. DIED OF ACCIDENT. ? Waterbury Newel J. , Fort Lyon, 0 . T . , Aug . 8,'62. * Drowned Died of Disease 5 Died of Accident 1 Total 6 TENTH BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. Kewin James, Farmington.MIas., May 28, '62. Watts John, Salkehatchie Riv., S. 0., Feb., 6, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. H. Morehouse, 1st sgt.,Louiavllle,Ga., Nov. 29, '64. ChaB. H. Alley, sgt., Farmington, June 7, '62. David A. Wilcox, Corp., do June 80, '62. Burbank Geo. E., Mount Olive, N.C., Mar. 22, '65. Boyle James, Farmington, June 17, '62. Beach Azarlah, Georgia, Dec. 8, '64. Bacon Wm. II., Racine, Wis., March 6, '62. Cady Myron H., Jackson, Miss., Sept. 19, '62. Coftrie Oliver L., NashviUe, Jan. 22, '68. Coltrie Andrew J., do June 1, '68. Clark Chas. P., Murfreesboro, Aug. 29, '68. 1134 WISCONSIN IN THE WAR. Dyke John C. Fountain City, Wis., May 28, '64. Fye David Chattanooga, May 80, '64. Greenwood E. L., Nashville, Oct. 8^'62. Johnson Ole, Farmington, Aug. 3 '62. Kittle Corn. B, Baltimore, Jan. 17, '65. Lathrop S. D., Farmington, July 81, '62. Lund Swain, Chattanooga, April 23, '64. Lewis Wm., Louisville, June 21, '64. Mull Fred., Milwaukee, Feb. 14 '65. Murray John, Savannah, Jan. 14, '65. Stanley John, Nashville, Nov. 80, '62. Stacks Israel, do April 16, '63. Williams Wm. W., Alden, Wis., Oct. 28, '68. Zottman Ferd. F., Louisville, Nov. 24, '63. Killed In Action 2 Died of Disease 25 Total 2T ELEVENTH BATTERY. DIED OF WOUNDS. Humboldt John, New Creek, Va., Jan. 7, '65. DIED OF DISEASE. Moran James, Camp Douglas, 111., June R, '62. Wylie John, Camp Jessie, Va., Oct. 6, '62. Died of Wounds 1 Died of Disease 2 Total 8 TWELFTH BATTERY. KILLED IN ACTION. S. Bartow, sgt., AUatoona, Ga., Oct. 5, '64. A. P. Hamilton, Corp., do Oct. 5, '64. DaveyD. C, do Oot. 5, '64. Plympton J. W., Bentonville, N. C, Mch. 22, '65. DIED OF WOUNDS. M. Amsden, 1st Lieut. AUatoona, Ga., Oct. 9, '64. Baker C. C, do Oct.15,'64. Chase J. W., do Oct. 6, '64. Doollttle 3. H., do Oct. 6, '64. Gray J., Cairo, HI., July 22, '68. DIED OF DISEASE T. H. Kennedy, sgt., Nashville, Apr. 18, '64. Ames A. C, Huntsville, Ala., Feb. 5, '64. Carpenter P. E. , Memphis, Jan. 10, '68. Dransfield J. B., Annapolis, Md., Mch. 15, 65. Griffiths W. H., Cairo, IU., Nov. 14, '68. Heckman H., Milliken's Bend, La., April 19, '63. Haas J., Wilmington, N. C, Mch., 19, '65. Hamblet H. F., New York City. Kitterer ¥., Champion Hllla, Miss., May, '63. Keyes D. H., Memphis, Mch. 11, '68. Nerantz 0., Lomira, Wis , Apr. 29, '64. Palmer M. V., Clear Creek, Miss., June 16, '62. Parkham W. D., La Grange, Tenn., Jan. 10, '63. Sanders K. .Jeff. Barracks. Mo., Oot. 10, '62. Sleybaugh J., Nashville, May 19, '68. Stout J., Corinth, Miss., '63. Sidow C, Jeff. Barracks, Mo., June 14, TO. Seefeld G. . Clear Creek, Miss.. July 15, TO. Trapman Wm.. Corinth, Oot. 16, TO. Whitman J., Oxford, Miss., Deo. 14, '62. Walt G., Eastport. Tenn.. Deo. '68. West Williamson, Memphis, July 20, '68. DIED OF ACCIDENT. ?Wingate H., Vioksburg, July 4, '68. * Shot. Killed In Action 4 Died of Wounds S Died of Disease 22 Died of Accident 1 Total 82 THIRTEENTH BATTERY. DIED OF DISEASE. A. T. Harrison, Corp., Baton Rouge, June 29, '64. Barrett J., do Sept. 11. '64. Dennis Geo. J., do Aug. 19, '64. Dainz C. L,, do Jan. 14, '65. Fizell J., Horicon, Wis., Oct., 28, '64. Green Addison, Baton Rouge, July 19, '64. Ham J. 11., Lathrop J. H. Laurence II., Plain John V., Rowe H, M., Wickett T., dododo do do do June 18, '64. June 17, '64. Oct. 1, '64. July 18, '64. May 28, '64. June 24, '64. DIED OF ACCIDENT. ?Alrey N., Clinton, La., May 14, '65. ?Nelson E. R., trans. N. America, Deo. 26, '64. ? Drowned. Pled of Disease 12 Died of Accidents 2 Total 14 FIRST REGIMENT OF HEAVY ARTILLERY. KILLED IN ACTION. Baldwin Theodore, A, Bull Run, July 21, '61. Hyde Wm. H., A., do July 21, '61. Oatman Jacob F., A, do July 21, '61. Tucker Chas. E., A, do July 24, '61. DIED OF DISEASE. Waldo B. Gwynue, 1st It., B, Lexington, Ky., Feb. 20, '65. G. W. Miller, sgt., D, Chicago, Oct. 23, '64. O. F. KeUogg, corn. B, Lexington, March 12, '64, Frank C. Cooley, G. Washington, Dec. 9 '64. Wm. H. Peevy, M, Fort Lyon, Nov. 26. '64. Aderhold August, C, Nashville, Feb. 7, '64. Beebe Ezra, A, Olaremont Hosp., Maroh 17, '64. Beese Marshal E., Fort Berwick, La., Sept. 10, '64. Baker John W..D, New Orleans, Deo, 11, '64. Bennett C. F., D Cairo, Sept. 2S, '64. Beeden John, E, Fort Lyon, Va., April 12, '65. Bray Stephen R., M, do Deo. l!i, '64. Calvert R., A, Battery Rodgers Va., Deo. 14, '64. Carpenter Wm., C, Madison, Deo. 25, '64, Crocker J. B,, D, Brashear City, La., Mch. 8 '65. Cole H. F., D, Rook Oounty, Wis., Oot. 17, '64. Drisooll Jer., D, Brashear City, Nov. 24, '64. Dow Joel 0., M, Fort Lyon, May 27, '65. Ellis Ed. B., 0, Chattanooga, Maroh 22, '65. Eley Erastus, D, str. Julia, Feb. 6, '64. FIRST HEAVY ARTILLERY. 1135 Flanders Martin V., A, Washington, Dec. 11, '61 Fowle Royal A., B, Louisville, Jan. 14, '64. Filatrean Paul, D, Fort Jackson, July 28, '64. Hill George 8., D, Cairo, Oct. 1, '64. Henry Russell, E, Fort Lyon, June 25, '65. Johnson C. A., C, Chattanooga, April 26, '64. Jones George J. D, Brashear City, Dec. 8, '64. Jones Peter, D, Fort Berwick, Aug. 22, '64. Kyle John H., D, Fort Jackson, March 14, '64. Loomis George, C, Chattanooga, Feb. 16, '64. Meacham W. R., D, Fort Jackson, July 1 '64. McKinney Aionzo, D, do July 22, '64. Mahan Peter, D, Fort Berwick, Aug. 23, '64. MeUor Samuel H., D, Brashear City, Nov. 8 '64. Olson Daniel, C, Davenport, la., June 80, '65. Overacre W. H., D, Milwaukee, Feb. 5, '64. Ostrander T. L., D, Fort Berwick, Sept. 1, '64. Palmer John, A, Fort Cass, Va., Oct. 29, '62. PhUlips Sam. J., C, Keokuk, la., Aug. 16, '64. Pierce Otis, D, Fort Jackson, July 24, '64. Perry Phil., D, do June 1, '64. Perry Daniel W., D New Orleans, Nov. 14, '64. Rogers Horace, A, Battery Rodgers, Jan. 2, "65. Roberts Griffith, C, Madison, Dec. 29, 64. Eesa Charles, D, Fort Jackson, July 24, '64. Rainboth John, D, do June 24, '64. Roberts Thomas H., I, Washington, Nov. 22, '64.. Sherman H. S., B, Jefferson Barracks, April 1, '64. Scholtz Gustav, B, Lexington, Ky., May 11, '65. Slaughfman Aug., D. New Orleans, Feb: 21, -64. Seeley Norman, D, ' do Feb. 24, '64. Sowles James W., D, Fort Berwick, Oct. 9, '64. Sawin Wm. A„ D, do Oct. 25, '64. Thomas Wm. H., D, do Sept. 29, '64. Townsend H. W., D, do Sept. IS, '64. Wade G. P., A, Battery Rodgers, Va., Sept. 21, '64. Wood A. G., B, Camp Nelson, Ky., Aug. 10, '65. Webb DeWitt, D, Fort Jackson, July 24, 64. Wilson John, D, Fort Berwick, La., Aug. 19, '64. Wardwell G. N., D, do Sept. 9, '64. WilUams Geo. D., D, New Orleans, Sept. 15, '61. Wagner Bernard, D, Fort Berwick, Oct. 23, '64. Wells David 0., D, Madison, March 31, '65. DIED OF ACCIDENTS. ?Caleb Hunt, 1st It., A, Milton, Wis., Dec. 2, '62. tAustin S., D, trans. North America, Dec. 22, '64. ?Boyden J. L.. A, 0. & A. R. R., Va., Apr. 1, '68. Bramley John, B, Munfordsville, Ky., Oct. 2S, '38. tDay Sam. W., D, Fort Jackson, Jan. 21, '64. tLoveland H., D, transport North America, Dec. 22, '64. ? Railroad accident. t Drowned. Killed in Action 4 Died of Disease 63 Died of Accident 6 Total 73 The total number of deaths reported by the Adjutant General is 10,752. added to the foregoing list. A few names have been APPENDIX LIST. The following are names, omitted, of soldiers who died in consequence of military service, chiefly from disease, most of them after being discharged. Wm. A. Rundle, First Regiment, Co. G, of disease, Milwaukee, Dec. 7, 1862. Wilham Birmenger, 5th Reg. Co. D, of fever in Maryland. Other names will be added in future editions, if obtained. Mb. E. L. Clapp, six months a prisoner in Andersonville, gives a list purporting to be the names of 218 Wisconsin soldiers, who died in that prison. Mr. D. E . Russell , seven months a prisoner in Rich mond and Danville, gives a similar Ust of the Andersonville dead. But they do not agree precisely with each other, and each one contains names not found in the foregoing record. Sufficient know ledge has not been obtained to fuUy verify the prison lists. Otherwise the names in those lists which are omitted in the foregoing record, would be here Inserted. 72 ERRATA. Since the account of the battle of Chancellorsville was stere otyped, the orthography which retains the " s " has seemed to the author to have most weight. The name of the first martyr in the war, referred to on page 128, was Luther Crawford Ladd. Late information shows that the names, " Sergeant T. Eubanks " and " Corporal H. Gildersleve," on page 318, should be stricken out. In the first roster of the Nineteenth Regiment, the first quartermaster was H. K. "White ; the first second assistant surgeon, T. J. Linton ; first captain of Com pany B, W. H. Tucker; of Company C, John A. Chandler; of Company K, "W". W. Bates. ANALYTICAL INDEX. ADAMS, JOHN, on Slavery 87 ; allusion to, 60. ALIEN AND SEDITION LAWS, 60-62, 167. ALLEN. Gea. T. S., 229, 289, 805, 885 ; Marye's Heights, 855-357, 483, 484, 968 ; Biographical, 980. ALLEN, GEORGE W.,reaolutions of, 98, 147, 811. ALLOTMENTS, 1033, 991. ANDERSON, Major ROBERT, evacuates Fort Moultrie, 98 ; at Sumter 118 ; 117-120. APOSTACY to Slavery, 40. ARNOLD, JONATHAN E., 127,159: address, 177. BACHMAN Rev. Dr., on Slavery, 48. BAILEY, Gen. JOSEPH, 535, 589; Red River Dam, 748, 749 : Bridge 750, 954, 755. BANKS, N. P., 246, 248, 252, 254-256, 316, 540, 543 ; Texas and Red River, 743. BARSTOW, Col., 574, 897, 900. BATTLE of Falling Waters, 219 ; of Blackburn's Ford-, 281 5 Bull Rtfn, 232 ; first Winchester, 247 ; second Winchester, 249 ; Cedar Ml., 253 ; Siege of Yorktown, 263 ; Williamsburg, 267 ; Fair Oaks, 275 ; Seven Pines, 277 ; Seven Days' Battles, — Mechanicsville, 278 ; Cold Harbor, or Gaines' Mills, 279, 384 ; Fair Oaks, Station, 282 ; Savage's Station, 283 ; Frazier's Farm, or Charles' City Cross Roads, 285, 884 ; Malvern HU1, 286; Gainesville, 803 ; second Bull Run, 808 ; South Mountain, 821 ; Crampton's Pass, 825; Antietam, 327; Germania Ford, 841 ; Fredericksburg, 344, 396, 887 ; Chancel lorville, 850, 398 ; Hanover Court House, 888 ; the Cedars, 387 ; Gettysburg, 407 ; Brandy Station, 414; Carthage 489; Dug Springs, 440; Wilson's Springs, 440; Lexing ton, 442 ; Zagonyi's Charge, 442 ; Belmont, 443; Wild Cat, 443; Mill Spring, 443; Fred- ericktown, 458 ; Munfordsville, 451 ; New Madrid, and Island Number Ten, 465-471 ; Pittsburg Landing, 480 ; first and second Farm ington, 497 ; Iuka, 506 ; Corinth, 511 ; Memphis (naval), 527; capture of New Orleans, 581; Baton Rouge, 536 ; Camp Bisland, 541 ; siege of Port Hudson, 543 ; Chalk Bluff, 555 ; L'An- guiUe River, 556 ; Cape Girardeau, 562 ; Cotton Plant, 569; Indian expedition, 580; Honey Springs, 584; Newtonia, 5S5 ; Cane Hill, 5S6; Prairie Grove, 586 ; Pea Ridge, 589 ; Bayou Cache, 594; Chaplin Hills, 608'; Jefferson, 627; Stone River, 621 ; Haines' Bluff, 639 ; Arkansas Post, 639; Anderson's Hill, 644; Port Gibson, 644; Raymond, 646; Jackson, 647; Champion Hills, 648 ; Black River Bridge, 651 ; Vicksburg, 654; second Jackson, 662; surrender of Port Hudson, 662; Helena, 663; Elk River, 674; Chickamauga, 678 ; Wauhatchie, 691 ; Lookout Mountain, 692 ; Mission Ridge, 693 ; Resaca, 700 ¦ Dallas, 706 ; Kenesaw, 718 ; Peach Tree Creek, 728, 727 ; Bald Hill, 728, 724, 730; De catur, 732 ; reduction of Atlanta, 734 ; Jones boro, 734; McCook's Raid, 737 ; Grand Coteau, 744 ; Fort Esperanza, 745 ; Red River Expedi tion, 746; Fort de Russy, 746; Sabine Cross Roads, 747 ; Pleasant Hill, 748 ; Jenkins' Ferry, 756 ; surrender of Holly Springs, 765 ; Hoover's Gap, 778 ; Fort Blakely, 778 ; Tupelo, 789, 844 ; Franklin, 808; Nashville, 810; Spanish Fort, 881, 848 ; Meridian expedition, 843 ; Memphis, Forrest's raid, 856, 921 ; Johnsonville, 864 ; Se- ouatchie Valley, 880 ; Strawberry Plains, 881 ; Dandridge, 881 j Wilson's expedition, 884 ; bat tle of West Point, 884 ; near Yazoo City, 892 ; Wilderness, 983; Spottsylvania, 986; Arson's Farm and Laurel Hill, 986 ; North Anna, 989 ; Cold Harbor, 640 ; Petersburg, 944 ; Mine at Petersburg, 947; Deep Bottom, 950; Weldon Railroad, 950 ; Reams Station, 951 ; Hatcher's Run, 952 ; Fair Oaks, 958 ; second Hatcher's Run, 954; Peril of Washington in 1804,955; Pocotaligo, 959 ; Averysboro, 962 ; Bentonville, 963; AUatoona, 987; Spring Hill, 994; Salke- iiatchie, 996; Appomattox, 1031. BEAN, Col. S. A., 540,542, 545; biographical sketch, 547 ; on Slavery, 549 ; Southern affairs, 550 ; of the wounded, 551. BEAUREGARD, General, 112, 117. BEAVER DAM, patriotic meeting, 134. BELOIT, patriotic action, 184. BENSON, Rev. H. H., 728. BERTRAM, Gen. HENRY, 795, 796, 798, 799. BINTLIFF, Col. J., 968, 1012. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES AND NOTICES, Marion F. Humes, 240 ; Louis H. D. Crane, Lt. Col., 257; Moses O'Brien, Capt., 258; Andrew Johnson, 250; W. H. Bugh, Capt., 272; Edgar O'Connor, Col., 289, 805, 806 ; J. F. Randolph, Capt., 805, 806; Wilson Colwell, Capt., 824; Robert S. Stevenson, 825; Frank A. Haskell, Lt. Col.. 386, 941 ; W. Von Bachelli, Capt., 380; H.W. Emery, Lt. Col., 342; L. G. Strong, Capt. 856 ; Capt. Turner, 356 ; John W. Scott, Lt. Col., 255; killed 357; sketch, 358 ; Alex. Gordon, jr., Capt., 860; Wm. O. Topping, Lt., 360 ; Adelbert Staley, 378 ; Joseph Durkee, 883; B. D. Atwell, 384; Joel Parker, Sergt., 884; James W. Staples, Sergt. , 384 ; Henry Lye, 8S5; S. K. Melvin, Sergt., 385 ; John Ross, 8S7 ; T. J.Linton, Surg.,' 892; Epbraim Haines, 394; John Ticknor, Capt:, 410 ; 0. D. Chapman, 2nd Lieut., 411 ; H. Richardson, Capt., 411; Solon Richards, Sergt., 418 ; L. E. Pond, Capt., 419 ; R. W. Hubbard, Sergt., 419; W. S. Winegar, Lieut., 419; G. H. Stevens, Lt. Col., 420; Charles G. Lyon, Sergt., 450*, 616 ; G. E. Waldo, Capt., 489 ; David E. Wood, Col., 489 ; Edward Saxe, Capt., 4S9 ; Oliver D. Pease, Capt., 489; J. S. Alban, Col.-, 479, 485, 490 ; J. W. Crane, Maj., 485, 490; Willie Bacon, 501; Joseph ¦ Doucett, Corp., 515 ; D. J. P. Murphy, Sergt., 515; Levi W. Vaughn, Capt., 515 ; Samuel Har rison, Capt., 515 ; Samuel A. Tinkerman, Lieut., 515 ; D. T. NoyeS, Rev. Lieut., 51S ; Horace D. Patch, Capt., 520; W. J. Dawes, Capt. 520; Hyslop, 546; D., B. Maxon, Lieut., 545; L. R. Blake, Capt., 545; L. D. Aldrich, Adjut., 547; Sydney A. Bean, Col., 547; Walker L. Bean, Lieut. 051, 618 ; M, G. Townsend, Capt., 552- H, N, Gregory, Surg,, 555 ; G. W. Dunmore Rev. 566 ; Christian Bejorensen, 563 ; J. A. Douglass, Lieut., 5S8; John McDermot, Capt 589; Thomas Bintliff, Rev. Lieut., 589; John W. Weber, Capt. 589; Charles L. Harris, Col. 598, A. B. Cary, Assist. Surgeon, 599; Martin L. Lyon, 616; H. C. Heg, Col., 617, 629, 6S4 688 ; George Bleyer, Lieut. 450, 631 ; Sanford j' Williams, 681 ; George F. Rockwell, 683 ; Frank A. Hale, Corp., 683; Samuel Cochrane, G84-; David McKee, Lieutenant Colonel 684 ¦ E. R. Barber, Sergt., 635; E. W. Stannard! Capt., 658 ; John Bradley, 681 ; G. B Bing ham, Lieut. Col. , 682 j John Sherman, 682 j Jos 1138 ANALYTICAL INDEX. Breed, Corp., 688: John Jewett, 6S9; Howard Green, Capt., 696; Robert J. Chivas, Lieut., 696; J. M. Springer, Rev., 701 ; R. H.Davis, jr., Sergt., 704; Alvah Philbrook. Major, 719, S08, 812; Rusk. Lieut. Col., 788; Mont gomery, Col., 788; Nathan Paine, Maj., 787- 741 ; WilUam Torrey, Lieut. Col., 739 ; Edwin Edwards, 764 ; William H. Conner, 769 ; Rev. J. I. Foote, 786 ; E. F. Stone, Capt., 799; Wil liam Daniels, 802; N. S. Frost, Capt., S02 ; Rev. C. E. Weirich, 805; 0. M. Waring, Capt., 805; E. L. Walbridge, Lieut., S06 ; A. J. Mc Farland, Lieut., 806 ; J. S. Roy, 806 ; A. Silsby, 812; E. W. Stannard, Capt., 815; James M. Mead, Lieut., 820; 0. R. Gill, Col., 827-829; Bradford Hancock, Lieut. Col., 828-882 ; F. S. Lovell, Lieut. Col., 840; A. L. Wemple, Capt., 842; Millard T. Brown, 852; John Groening, Surg., S54; Charles Blackwell, Lieut., 856; Frank A. Woodruff, 857; Wallace La Grange, Capt., 882 8S9; Shelden E, Vosburg, Lieut., 8S1; Corbin, Sergt., 888 ; Charles W. Clinton, Lieut., 891 ; H. P. CUnton, 890, 975; Alfred Hinraan, S89, 890 ; Bristol Farnsworth, S89, 890; Horatio K. Foote, 889, 890; Marcus A. Pease, 891; Edwd. S. Minor, 893; James Hanson, 895; Glark G. Pease, Surg. ,895; Julius Gelsler, Capt. S99; James E. Williams, Lieut., 902; Nathan Cole, 906 ; James A. Hart, 906 ; Isaac N. Earl -Lieut., 901, 908; F. A. Boardman, Col., 909; Enoch Totten, Major, 985; Rolliu P. Converse, Capt., 935; P. C. Judkins, Lieut., 985; James R. Strong, Sergt., 987; James Pow ers, 987; Alvah Burgess, 9y7; Joseph Cook, Capt., 987; P. B. Burwell, Capt., 941 ; John A. Savage, Lieut. Col., 941, 946; William H. Green, 947; Warren Graves, Capt., 951 ; O. E. Warner, Col., 950; J. Watrous, Lieut., 967; Elrick B. Stickney, 970; Cockran, brothers, 978; C. E. Miner, 978; G. Sargent, 975; J. Briggs, 975; William Richards, 975: Louia G. Strong, Capt., 979; George W. Adams, 979; G. E. Orvis, 980; R. Brockway, 986: T. Char- ron, 989 ; Col. Saunders, 989 ; W. H. Tucker, 989; A. C. Stannard, 1014; Lieut. Cushing, 1029; Capt. Clason, 1029; Lieut. Wright, 1029; VanVliet, 1030; Lieut. Wemple, 1082; Mead Holmes, jr., 1035; Jasper Culver, 1089; Prof. Ogden, 1039 ; Lieut. Bristoll, 1040. BOARDMAN, Col. F. A., 528, 632, 538, 686, 589, 902, 909. BOOTH, SHERMAN M., accusation and trial, 72-76. BRAGG, Colonel, 972. BRODHEAD, E. H.jlSO, 159. BROWN, JAMES S.,127; address, 148. BUCHANAN, JAMES, administration, 92, 94; appointing fast day, 99 ; at Lincoln's installa tion, 104, BURNELL, K. A., 751. BURNSIDE, A. E., 828, 881 ; succeeds McClellan, 343, 348. BUTTRICK, Col. E. L., 218, 605, 626, 856, 857. CALHOUN, JOHN C, in the cabinet, 46 ; Vice- President, 66 ; Senator, 67 ; ambition of, 78 ; disappointment and subsequent plans, 78, 79. CARPENTER, MATTHEW H., 127 ; speech of, 148 ; review of Ryan, 167-172, 174. CASTLEMAN, Dr., 273, 286. CHRISTIAN COMMISS1ON.1051. CHURCHES, Testimony of Presbyterian Synod of Mississippi, 46, Methodist Conference of South Carolina, 92 ; St. Mark's, 183 ; Baptist Con vention, 205; Methodist Episcopal, 206 ; Pres byterian and Congregational Convention, 206; Spring street Congregational 207, 1044 , Army 797. CLAY, HENRY, Compromise tariff, 67. CLINTON, G. O., 888, 890. CLINTON, O. P., Chaplain, 992, 1084. COBB, Col. A., address, 147, 261, 272, 348,864, 865. COBB, HOWELL, treason of, 98, 825. COGSWELL, J. B. D., resolutions, 126. COLORED SOLDIERS, 1082. COLLEGES, 1044. COLUMBUS, 185. CONGRESS, 86, 61, 67, 89, 92, 98-98, 102, 11S-11T. CONGRESS, CONFEDERATE, 101, 112. CONSTITUTION, AMENDMENT, 981, 1041. CORWIN, THOMAS, compromise, 95, 102. COTTON TRADE, contraband, 827. CRANE, Col. L. H. D., 243, 255, 267. CRAWFORD, JUSTICE, on Fugitive Act, 75. CRITTENDEN, SENATOR, Compromise resolu tions, 92, 94. CROCNSE.L. L.,861. CUTLER, Gen. L., 290, 292, 295, 299, 800, 805, 414, 984, 985, 972. DALE, Col. N. H..S92. DANIELS, Col. EDWARD, 553, 556, 879. DAVIS, JEFFERSON, Leaving Congress, 44 ; on the slave trade, 50 ; on the confederation, 51 ; on Secession, 88 ; review of his argument, 56, 67 ; President of Southern Confederacy, 101 ; journey, 101 ; on Providence, 865 ; rebel gratl- ¦ tude, 365 ; Riohmond, 967. DODGE, JAMES H., Capt., 924. DOOLITTLE, Senator, on Secession, 89-91; State rights, 102 ; address at Racine, 151 ; resolutions at Madison, 178, 1042. DORR REBELLION, 70. DOUGLAS, STEPHEN A., allusion to, 88 ; for the Union, 89 ; on compromise, 94 : reply to Breckinridge, 102 ; on coercion, 118. DRAKE, GEORGE, 221. DRED SCOTT DECISION. 45. EAGLE, "Old Abe," 519, 769. EARL, Lieut. ISAAC N., 901, 903. ELKHORN, 127 EVERETT, EDWARD, on Jefferson's resolutions, 62. FAIRCHILD, Gen. CASSIUS, 478, 984. FAIRCHILD, Gov. LUCIUS, on statistics of the War, 88; 180, 289, 805, 385, 411, 484, 485; biographical, 970. FALLOWS, Rev. General, 858, 872,874. FARRAGUT, Admiral D. G., 798. FI'ICII, Col. M. H., 992. FLOYD, JOHN B., treason of, 98. FOND DU LAC, patriotic meeting, and subscrip tion, 184. FOOTE, Admiral A. H., 443, 468; letter from, 460. FOOTE, H. K., 889. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, on Slavery, 89. FREEDMEN, 801, '850 867, 994 ; Aid Society, 1051. FREMONT, Gen., allusion to, 83,248, 252, 800; in Department of West, 440: at St. Louis, 441. FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW, 48; in Wisconsin, 71; action of the Legislature, 76. GAYLORD, Gen. A., 1042. GIBBS, H. M., 158. GILL, Col. O. R., 827. GRAHAM, Sergeant W. M„ 222. GRANT, Gen., at Forts Henry and Donelson, 443-446: at Pittsburg Landing, 480-491; Cor inth, 497; Iuka, 506; Vicksburg, 689-655; Chat tanooga, 691 ; Nashville, 938 ; " this line," 987 ; Petersburg, 944. GUPPEY, Col. J.J:, 800, 805. HALLECK, Gen. H. W., 807,506. HAMILTON, ALEX., on Slavery, 88 ; on the Con stitution, 58. HAMILTON, Gen. C. S., 243, 245, 246, 247, 265- 267; at Iuka, 507-510 ; Corinth, 511-524 ; bio graphical sketch, 521-525. HARNDEN, Gen. HENRY. 556, 711, 828, 884; Id pursuit of Davis, 885, 886. HARRIMAN, Col., 1010. HARTFORD CONVENTION, 62 ; opposed by the South, ANALYTICAL INDEX. 1139 HARWOOD, Chaplain, 998. HARVEY, Governor L. P.. 125, 890; on the Gen eral Government, 484; biography and adminis tration, 431-437; on the Eighteenth Regiment, 490. e . HARVEY, Mrs. 0. A. P., 1045, HASKELL, Col., 1007. HASTINGS, Treasurer. 1088. HAWLEY, Col. WILLIAM, 841, 858, 701, 70S, 968, 959, 964, 976. ' HAYNE, Senator, on the Tariff, 68, 64 ; as Gov ernor, 66. HENRY, PATRICK, on Slavery, 89 ; on the Con stitution, 58. HOBART, Gen. H. C, 163, 604, 718, 628, 688, 68S, 701, 72T, 968 ; biographical, 992. HOITON, E. D., 128; address, 179; Pittsburg Landing, 482, 483, 491, 496. HOOKER, Gen. J., 822,323,828,829,841; suc ceeds Burnside, 877, 404. HOSPITALS, 981, 1045. HOWARD, Gen. O., 852. HOWE Senator, extracts from, 114-117, 1042. HUBBELL, Judge L., 129; speech at Baltimore, 164-167 ; remarks, 161 ; at Janesville, 174, INDIANS, resident tribes, 26, 680, 772, 897, 1082. INDIAN QUESTION In Georgia, as 'connected with State rights, 63. JACKSON, ANDREW, allusion to, 66; action on Nullification, 67 ; proclamation, 67 ; dissatis faction, 67 ; his prophecy, 68 ; Inconsistency, 68 ; opposition to the Indians of Georgia, 69 ; refusal to execute the decisions of the United States Supreme Court, 69 ; allusion to, 78. JACKSON, Gen. T. J., soubriquet, 247, 862; at Winchester, 247 ; ChancellorviUe, 362. JANESVILLE, Union meeting, 127, 174. JAY, JOHN, on Slavery, 38. JEFFERSON, THOS. O., on Slavery, 87, 88; arti cle against Ma very. 41 ; allusion to, 60; resolu tions on State rights, 61, 63; influence against manufactures, 79, 166, 167, 16S. JOHNSON, ANDREW, on Secession, 92. KANSAS, difficulties in, 44. KELLOGG, Col. JOHN A., 972. KENOSHA, patriotic meeting and subscriptions, 188, 134. KING, Gen. RUFUS, 288, 289, 295,800. LA GRANGE, Gen, O. H., 554, 562, SS8, 888. LAPHAM, Dr. I. A., remark of, 27. LEE, General, on Slavery, 46. LEE, ROBT. B., his treason, 79. LEE ROBERT E., interpretation of Providence, 864 ; surrender, 967. LEGISLATURE, Wisconsin, vs. Supreme Court, 76 ¦ for the war, 8200,000, 127, 165-167, 672, 931; Southern, action of, 84, 86, 92; Missouri, Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, New Jersey, 113. LEGISLATION, 1040. LEWIS JAMES T., Gov., 927-982. LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, his election desired by the South, SB: allusion to, 84, 85. S6, 87,89; journey, 103. 164 ; Inaugural, 105-111 ; proc lamation, 122, 245, 826; proclamation, 871- 878 ; Emancipation proclamation, 878, 875 ; one hundred days' men, 861 ; caUs for troops, 930 ; Interview with Mrs. Harvey, 1046. MADISON, President JAMES, on Slavery, SS, 42, 46 ; on the Constitution, 68 ; on the Alien and Sedition Laws, 61. MADISON, 127; Union meeting, 180; pataotio subscriptions, 180, 181 ; State Journal, 188, 282, 846 MARSHALL, JOHN, on the Georgia question,69; MASSACHUSETTS, Legislature offering aid, 100; Sixth Regiment at Baltimore, 128. MASON, Senator, on Slavery, 47; at Ostend, 45. McARTHUR Judge A., 129; addresses, 157, 169, MoAKTHTO, 'OoLA., 606, 626, 695, 719, 808, 809, 811. MoOLELLAN, Gen.. 245, 268-267, 272, 277-287, 292, 294, 807 812, 821, 831, 887, 843: Mcpherson, Gen., 717, 728, 724, 788. MEDALS OF HONOR, 78S. MEADE, Gen., succeeds Hooker, 879. MILWAUKEE, name and settlement, 26 ; Union meetings, 93. 126, 127, 128, 129 ; patriotic sub scriptions, 128-180 ; Sentinel, 188, 270. MILLS, J. T., address, 168. MISSOURI COMPROMISE, enactment, 43 ; repeal, 46. MITCHELL, Gen. O. M., 608. MITCHELL, ALEX., 98, 129, 180. MONITOR, the, 869. MONROE, JAMES, on the restriction of Slavery, 46. MONTAGUE, Lieut. H. 0., 681, 682, 701, 707, 721. MORRIS, GOUVERNECE, on Slavery, 88. MURPHY, Col., 765. NAVY, 1082. NAZRO, JOHN, 12S, 129. NULLIFICATION, rise in South Carolina, 68; debate between Hayne and Webster, 68-66; ordinance of South Carolina, 66 ; action of Pres ident Jackson, 67. OFFICES, TJ. S., seizure, 93, 100. OSHKOSH, 26, 135. ¦ OSTEND MANIFESTO, 45. PALMYRA, 135. ¦ PATTERSON, Gen. R., 217, 226, 825. PAINE, Col. BYRON, counsel for Booth, argu ment on the Fugitive Act, 72, 180 ; address, 157, 864,865. PAINE, HALBERT E., Gen., 627, 528; vs. WU liams, 684, 635; Baton Rouge, 686-688, 643; wounded, 646, 956. Washington, notice, 955. PEACE CONVENTION, 102. PERSONAL LIBERTY LAWS, of Wlsconslll, 71 ; of Rhode Island, 100. PINCKNEY, WILLIAM, on Slavery, 88. PLATTEVILLE, 185. POND, Capt. L. E., 974. POPE, Gen. JOHN, 252, 253, 265, 800-805, 808- 811, 448, 497, 500, 506. PORTAGE CITY, 136. PORTER, D. D., Admiral, 746, 750. PRESS, testimony of, Daily Wisconsin, 187 ; Mad ison Journal, 18S; Milwaukee Sentinel, 188; Milwaukee News, 189; Chilton Times, 189; Madison Journal, 140; Janesville Gazette, 140; Beloit Journal, 140; Waupun Times, 141; Ken osha Telegraph, 141; Dodgeville Advocate, 142; La Crosse Union and Democrat, 142 ; Madison Patriot, 142; Fond du Lao Commonwealth, 143; Adams County Independent, 143; Dodge County Citizen, 148; Fox Lake Gazette, 148; Green Lake Spectator, 143; Madison Argus, 148; Daily Life, 143 ; Monroe Sentinel, 144 ; Wiscon sin Puritan, 144; nameless, 145; opposition, 146. PRISONS, rebel, 1086. PULPIT, its office, 180. Extracts from Sermons: CD. Helmer, 181, 182; P. B. Pease, 182; W. G. Miller, 188; C. W. Camp, 184; J. ColUe, 185; W. W. Whitcomb, 185; A. Clark, 185, 186; W. H. Burnard, 1S6; John McNamara, 186; A. H. Walters, 187; W. Cockran, 187; N. A. Staples. 188; A. L. Chapin, 18S;E. J. Good- speed, 189; W. McFarlane, 189; E. J. Monta gue, 190; A. C. ManweU.191; D. C. Curtiss, 191 j E. G. Miner, 192; J. Silsby, 192; J. C. Sherwin, 193; H, H. Benson, 198; 0. 0. Cad- well, 198; J. C. Bobbins, 194; S. A. Dwinnell, 194; L. Clapp, 194; H. C. Tilton, 195 ; Wm. E. Merriman, 196; E. D. Underwood, 196: H. Foote, 197 ; C. D. PUlsbury, 197; E. D. Seward, 198; H. Stone, 198; A. S. Allen, 199; A. 0. Lathrop, 199; W. G. Bancroft, 200; N. D. Gravs, 200; W. H. Sampson, 200; J. Emerson. 201; A. B. Green 201; D. H. Muller, 201; S. Fallows, 202; J. H. Towne, 202; H. M. Robert- 1140 ANALYTICAL INDEX. son, 203; J. W. Healy, 208; F. B. Doe, 208; G. P. Dlssmore, 203; J. Gridley; 204; 0. L. Thompson, 204; E. Searing, 205, QUINT, Rev. A. H., 251, 257, 815. QUITMAN, Gen. JOHN A., letter to Colonel Pres ton, 80. RACINE, Union meeting, 127. RANDALL, ALEX.W., proclamation of, 124, 129 ; 180, 211; proclamation, 214: biographical sketch and administration, 423-428. READ Adj. Gen., 1030. REBELLION SOUTHERN, origin, 77, 78 ; antici pated, 79. 80 ; cause 81 ; justifying plea, 82. RHODE ISLAND, Personal Liberty bill repealed, 100. RICHMOND, Fall of, 967. ROSECRANS, Gen, 606, 511, 621, 674. RUGER, Gen,, 242, 246, 250, 254, 888, 841, 784; biography 977. RUSH, BENJAMIN, on Slavery, 89. RYAN E. G., address of, 162-167 ; revlewea,.168- 172 SALEM, 185. SALOMON, -Gen. FREDERICK, 578 ; vs. Wier, 681 ; Helena, 663 ; Jenkins Ferry, 766, 759. SALOMON, Governor, EDWARD, 669-678, 811. SALOMON, Col. O. E., 489, 467, 768, 771. SAVAGE. Col. JOHN A., Jr., 664, 941, 946, 1007. SCHOOLS, 1048. SCHURZ, CARL, on Slavery, 162 ; 262, 814., SCOTT, Gen. WINFIELD, at Fort Moultrie, 67; Washington, 94, 104, 240. SECESSION 55; Davis' Argument, 55; Ha review, 56, 57 ; ordinance of South Carolina Convention, 66; Quitman's letter 80; Calhoun's plan, SO; aotlon of Southern States, 84 ; reasons given, 85; Stephen's against. 36, 87, 39 : Doolittle, 89-91, Johnson, 92; of South CaroUna, 92; other South ern States, 99. SEDGWICK, Gen. JOHN, 987. SEWARD, WM. H., on the admission of Kan sas, 44 ; with the commissioners, 112. SHAYS' rebellion, 70. SHERIDAN, Gen., 605, 622, 988, 965. SHERMAN, Gen. T. W., 548, 689, 640; to At lanta, 698, 714 ; to the Sea, 957, Savannah, 958, 965; northward, 961. SHIPMAN, Capt. S. V., 562, 884, 888. SLAVERY AMERICAN, early history, 86; testi mony against, 87, 88, 89, 41, 46, 47 ; aggressions of, 42, 46 ; Missouri compromise, 43 ; Kanaas difficulties, 44 ; Dred Scott decision, 45 ; Ostend manifesto, 46 ; repeal of Missouri compromise, 46 ; views of its advocates, 47-64 ; a cause of the rebellion, 81, 82; Ryan, 164; constitutional amendment, 931. SLAVE TRADE, African, Introduction, 86, 40; prohibited by Congress, 86, 48. prohibited by States, 86,; 87, 89, reopened, 48, testimony of missionaries, 49; advocated by the South, 48-54. SMITH, Judge A. n. , decision In Booth case, and argument on Fugitive Act, 72, 78. SMITH, WINFIELD, United States commissioner, 71 ; address, 178. SMITH, J. B., resolution, 174. SOLDIER'S HOME, 1049, 1051 ; Fair, 927. SOLDIERS' ORPHAN'S HOME, 981, 1050. SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY, 1050. STANTON, Seoretary, 1040. STAPLES Rev. N. A., 18S, 978. STARKWEATHER, Gen. JOHN O.. 127, 226, 461, 466, 622, 682, 768, 764. STATE RIGHTS, 55-82. STEVENS, Lt., O. A., history of sharpshooterB, 882, 885, 1014. STEPHENS ALEXANDER H, defsnoe -of slavery, 52; on State rights, 68; vice-president, 101; on secession, 66-89. STONE, J. N.,158. SUMTER, FORT, 98, 94, 118, 117; attaoked, 118, 119; surrendered, 120; effeots of Its fall, 121, 122. SUPREME COURT TJ. S., 45; Georgia question, 69 ; Fugitive Law and Booth case, 75, 8b. TALMADGE, J. J., 811, TARIFF, as connected with nullification, 68, 64 ; South Carolina Convention, 66; aotlon of Con gress, 67. THOMAS, Gen. O. 11., 497,622; Ohlokamauga, 678. TILTON, Rev. H. 0., 195, 786. TOCCEY, ISAAC, in Bympathy with treason, 98. TWIGGS, Gen., surrenders in Texas, 104. UNIONISTS, treatment of, 100; prisoners, 241. S87. UTLEY. Col. W. L., 211, 226,702. VAN BUREN, MARTIN, allusion to, 78. WALDO.O. H., resolutions of, 98, 160, 162. WALKER, Mrs. G. H., 218. WALKER, Ool. GEORGE H.,1061. WARNER. Col. O. E., 060, 968. WASHBURN, Gen. O. O., minority report, 95-97; Second Cavalry, 668, 678, 748, 895. WASHINGTON. GEORGE, on Slavery, S7, 46, 47 ; on the Union, 57. WASHINGTON OITY, In peril, 955. WAUPUN, patriotic meeting and subscriptions, 181, 182. WEBSTER, DANIEL, allusion to, 89; on the Fugi tive clause In -the (-.institution. 42; reply to Hayne on Nullification, 64 ; shields Calhoun from arrest, 67. WEST, Ool. T. S., 688, 688, 708. WEST, Gen. F. H„ 964. WISCONSIN, early history, 28; territory, 27; resources, 29 ; population, 81 ; Early educa tional institutions, 82; benevolent institutions, 88; troops, 980. WILMOT, 185. WILSON'S RAID, 884. WINDER. Gen. John H., letter to, 101. WINKLER, Gen. F. C, 896,417, 999. WHISKEY INSURRECTION, 70, WHITEWATER, 185. WHITON, Chief Justice, on fugitive act, 76. WOLCOTT. Surg. Gen. E. B., 1042. YANCEY, WILLIAM L., on the slave trade, 49.