Yale UnWersitV Librarv 39002005999371 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FIRST COURT-HOUSE 1883 HISTORY FULTON COUNTY ILLINOIS; TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF ITS CITIES, VILLAGES AND TOWNSHIPS, EDUCA TIONAL, RELIGIOUS, CIVIL, MILITARY, AND POLITICAL HISTORY; POR TRAITS OF PROMINENT PERSONS AND BIOGRAPHIES OF REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS, EMBRACING ACCOUNTS OF THE PRE-HISTORIC RACES, ABORIGINES, FRENCH, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN "CONQUESTS, "AND A GENERAL REVIEW OF ITS CIVIL, POLITICAL AND MILITARY HISTORY. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. ILLUSTRATED. PEORIA: CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO., 1879. J. W. FRANKS A SONS, PRINTERS, BINDERS AND PUBLISHERS, PEORIA, ILL. PREFACE. For centuries prior to the coming of the pioneers the woodland and prairie of Fulton county had been the home of the red man. He had full swav over this, one of the finest sections of the globe. But nature's hand had been too lavish in the distribution of natural advantages to let it remain longer in pos session of those who refused to develop, even in the slightest degree, any of her great resources, accordingly she directed hitherward the Anglo Saxon. The westward tread of the sturdy pioneer was heard and felt by the savage race during the early part of the present century. On they came with a firm resolute step, until this fair clime and country was reached, when they pitched their tents and ere long a fruitful field was blooming where the large forest trees and wild grass had waved in the breezes for hundreds of years, undis turbed. They transformed the wigwams into cities; dotted the knolls with school-houses and churches ; replaced the buffalo, deer, elk, and wolf, which had been driven further westward, with domestic animals ; erected factories, built railroads, and reared a refined, enlightened and cultured people. In this volume we have attempted to portray these changes; to picture them that future generations, as well as the present, may know something of what it cost to give them such a fair land. That they may have an idea of its once primitive condition, and learn of the brave men and women who have subdued the country; converted the wilderness into what we now behold. If we have placed facts upon record so that they are thus understood we will have fulfilled our mission. We have taken much care in recording the pioneer history, that coming generations, those who will not have the early settler to relate to them the history incident to the settlement and development of this county, may famil iarize themselves with it through this medium ; and that the reader may see the county in its various stages of progression. We do not profess to have fully delineated the trials, sufferings, and hardships that were experienced in converting even this fertile land from its virgin wildness into the luxuriant and densely populated country it now is. No ! for human tongue or pen is far from being adequate to that task. PREFACE. Different persons have given us honest and sincere, but nevertheless conflicting accounts of the same events, and it has been both a difficult and delicate task to harmonize them, and draw therefrom reasonable and approximately correct conclusions. We had only one aim in view, one plan to carry out, and that was, to record events impartially — to detail them as they actually occurred. That we have completed our work, fulfilled all our promises to the utter most, we feel conscientiously assured, and we submit the result of our labors to the charitable consideration of this intelligent and liberal people. It must not be expected that, in the multiplicity of names, dates, and events, no errors will be detected. We do not dare hope that in the numerous and varied details this book is absolutly correct, nor is it expected that it is beyond criticism, yet we believe it will be found to be measurably correct and reliable. We have labored assiduously and wjth studious care to make it a standard work of reference, as well as an authoritative record for future histo rians to build upon. Believing a work of this nature would be comparatively incomplete with out speaking of the history of the State, of which Fulton county forms no unimportant portion, we have carefully prepared a condensed, yet very com plete history of Illinois, which we incorporate in this volume. And as a valuable aid in transacting every-day business, we append a carefully com piled digest of Illinois State Laws, which both the business man and farmer will find of great value. Before laying -aside our pen, we desire to express our warmest thanks to the editors of the various newspapers published throughout the county ; to the county officials, and to the people in ge'neral for the assistance and liberal patronage given us. CHAS. C. CHAPMAN & CO., Peoeia, December, 1879. Publishers. CONTENTS. history of nxraois. MOUND-BUILDERS 17 INDIANS 21 Illinois Confederacy 23 Starved Rock -V 23 Sacs and Foxes i 24 Manners and Customs 27 Single-handed Combat witli Indians... 29 EARLY DISCOVERIES 31 Nicholas Perrot 31 Joliet and Marquette 31 LaSalle's Explorations 33 Great Battle of the Illinois 34 Tonti Safe at Green Bay... .J 41 LaSalle's. Assassination 43 FRENCH OCCUPATION 44 v First Settlements 44 \ The Mississippi Company 45 ENGLISH RULE 47 Gen. Clark's Exploits 51 ILLINOIS 55 County of Illinois 55 NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY 55 Ordinance of 1787 56 St. Clair Governor of N. W. Territory... 59 ILLINOIS TERRITORY 59 WAR OF 1812— THE OUTBREAK 59 Massacre of Fort Dearborn 60 Expeditions up the Mississippi 71 ILLINOIS AS A STATE 74 Organization 74 Derivation of the name "Illinois" 77 State Bank 78 LaFayette's Visit 79 "Grammar and Cook Contrasted 82 INDIAN TROUBLES 83 Winnebago War 83 BLACK HAWK WAR 84 Stillman's Run 87 Battle of Bad Axe 90 Black Hawk Captured 91 Biographical Sketch of Black Hawk 92 FROM 1834 TO 1842 95 Internal Improvements 95 Illinois and Michigan Canal 97 Martyr for Liberty 98 PRAIRIE PIRATES 102 MORMON WAR 104 MEXICAN WAR 118 Battle of Buena Vista 119 THE WAR FOR THE UNION 125 States Seceding .¦ 126 The Fall of Sumter 127 Call for Troops Promptly Answered 128 The War Ended— The Union Restored.. 137 Schedule of Regiments 138 DUELS 141 DRESS AND MANNERS 149 PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ILLINOIS 154 AGRICULTURE 155 GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS 157 Lieutenant Governors 160 State Officials 161 U. S. Senators 162 Representatives in Congress 165 CHICAGO 170 The Great Fire 172 Commerce of Chicago '173 STATESOFTHE UNION 177 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. CHAPTER I. EARLY SETTLEMENT 191 The Military Tract 191 Fulton County 191 Dr. Davison, the Hermit.. 194 John Eveland 195 Ossian M. Ross 196 Fenner Brothers 197 The Sergeants and Barnes 197 Sergeant's wedding 200 "When my Commission Comes" 202 Other Settlers 203 The First Mail Carriers... 203 A Trading Expedition 204 Frightened by Indians... 204 The Battle of Malony's Ferry 205 Trouble in Settling the Military Tract 206 Robert Fulton 209 CHAPTER II. EARLY SETTLEMENT- CONTINUED 211 Early Preachers 211 Training day 212 A Few First Things 214 Organization of Fulton County 218 Trade 219 Early Milling 221 Wild Hogs 222 The Deep Snow 224 Sudden Change 227 High Water 227 The Severe Winter of 1842-3 228 Money 228 The Beautiful Prairies.. 230 Incidents of Pioneer Life 232 What the Pioneers Have Done 235 CHAPTER III. IMPORTANT LABORS OF COUNTY COMMIS SIONERS' COURT 237 First Meeting 237 County-Seat Located 239 Tavern Licenses 239 Ferry Licenses 240 More Justices of the Peace 241 The Firs'tCourt-House.. 241 First Treasurer 245 First Grand Jury 245 First Marriage 245 Pay for Assessment of Taxes 246 First Petit Jury 247 Militia Precincts 247 First Marriage in Chi cago 248 New Commissioners and a New pierk 248 First Marriage License.. 249 EstrayPen 249 County Revenue 250 A New Court-House 250 Another Jail 251 The Present Court- House 1 252 First Temperance Work 254 Paupers Sold 255 A New Jail 255 First Poor Farm 255 Last Meeting 256 CHAPTER IV. GEOLOGY 257 CHAPTER V. ZOOLOGY 265 CHAPTER VI. BOTANY 271 CHAPTER VII. IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 282 County Court 282 Township Organization 283 County Expenditures... 288 CHAPTER VIII. BLACK HAWK WAR 289 Troops Raised 290 Stillman's Defeat 292 Horrible Massacre 294 The WesterHeld Defeat. 294 CHAPTER IX. CRIMINAL RECORD 307 CHAPTER X. PIONEER LIFE 318 CHAPTER XL ARCHEOLOGY 335 CHAPTER XII. MEXICAN WAR 340 CHAPTER XIII THE REBELLION 342 First Indications of the War 342 First Call for Troops 343 Various Meetings Held in the County 343 Death of Senator Doug* las 346 A Picture of a Sad and Desolate Home 346 Soldier's Aid Society... 348 Soldiers in Fulton Co... 349 The Close 353 Fulton County Volunteers 355 CHAPTER XIV. THE BAR OF FULTON COUNTY 392 Pioneer Courts 392 Court Days 394 Circuit Judges 394 Prosecuting Attorneys.. 399 The Bar 401 Present Bar 406 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XV. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES:— Astoria 409 Banner 469 Buckheart 477 Bernadotte 506 Canton , 515 Cass 582 Deerfield 602 Ellisville 615 Fairview 623 Farmers' 648 Farmington 678 Harris 697 Isabel 712 Joshua 724 Kerton 748 Lee 760 Lewistown 769 Liverpool 820 Orion 843 Pleasant 848 Starved Rock 25 An Iroquois Chief 37 Gen. Geo. R. Clark 49 Gen. Arthur St. Clair 58 Old Fort Dearborn 61 Old Kinzie House 65 Pontiac 69 Black Hawk 85 Abbott, Daniel 395 Addis, A. D 468 Babcock, W. H 468 Barker, J. W 661 Beam, O. J 883 Bearce, Orson 369 Benson, Hon. Jesse 225 Boyington, E. L 733 Breed, C. G 571 Brown, Jacob 715 Brown, Mrs. Jacob 715 Bybee, T. T 485 Chapman, S. S 449 Coleman, W. D 537 Colter, Hon. H. R 243 Cummings, Hon. S. P 431 Curtis, Dr. L. W 537 Custer, P. Y 571 Foutch, John 721 Gallagher. P. W 873 Gardiner, J. H 727 Gardiner, Margaret 727 Haacke, Capt. David 297 Putman 865 Union 880 Vermont 897 Waterford 936 Woodland 940 Young Hickory 969 CHAPTER XVI. POLITICAL 975 Election Returns 976 CHAPTER XVII. COUNTY OFFICIALS 984 CHAPTER XVIII. THE PRESS 990 Fulton County Ledger.. 991 Lewistown Democrat... 993 Canton Register 995 News-Chronicle 997 Vermont Chronicle 1000 Farmington News 1001 Weekly Times 1002 Stream of Light 1004 Avon Sentinel 1005 ILLUSTRATIONS. C, R.-I. & P. R. R. Depot... 99 Eye and Ear Infirmary Ill Deaf and Dumb Institute... 115 Scene on Fox River 22! Lincoln Monument 137 Asylum for Feeble Minded 143 Southern Normal Univer sity 151 PORTRAITS. Hartough, H. H.: 625 Herring, J. R 867 Herring, Mrs. M. A 867 Higgins, H 369 Holmes, C 733 Hulit, N 857 Hummel, I. M 801 Hummel, Mrs. I. M 801 Hummel, Jessie L 801 Johnson, B. C 733 Leslie, L. T 369 Maus, Jacob 825 McCall, J. H 207 McCune, J. L 851 McCune, Mrs. J. L 851 McDowell, W. M 261 Merrill, H. S 413 Miner, Wm 661 Moore, B. H 537 Moweiy, Jacob 333 Onion. J. M 369 Orendorff, John 519 Orendorff, W. J 519 CHAPTER XIX. RAILROADS 1006 C, B. & Q.— „ inn„ Rushville Branch 100b Quincy Branch 1JJW St. L. Division 1009 T., P. & W. Ry 1010 Fulton Co. N.-G. Ry 1038 CHAPTER XX. MISCELLANEOUS 1014 C. & L. Plank Road 1014 County-Seat Contest 1015 Matrimonial .1018 School Statistics 1020 Table of Distances 1022 Population 1023 Wealth of Fulton CO...1023 Fulton County Fair 1025 Avon Fair 1027 Reminiscences 1028 " Fulton County " 1032 Miscellaneous Biog raphies 1035 Central Insane Hospital 160 Industrial University 160 The Crib 176 Court-House 190 Map of Fulton County 14-15 Present Jail 643 Old Court House 811 First Court-House. Frontispiece Parlin, Wm 351 Peirsol, J. E 333 Peirsol, Dr. J. H 781 Phelps, Wm 791 Phelps, Mrs. Wm 791 Potts, L. W 825 Powell, E. G 315 Quillin. E 857 Robb, Andrew 679 Ross, Mrs. Mary 771 Rothman, J. R 279 Savill, J. M 315 Shepley, T. J 571 Smith, Wm. H 468 Standard, Thos 739 Standard, Rachel 739 Stockdale, Jas 537 TenEyck, Peter 625 Toler, Dr. B. C 413 Turner, James 468 Welch, Dr. J. K 873 Wredge, Dr. D. 0 825 Worrell, J. J 679 Laws 1039 Jurisdiction of Courts 1039 County Courts 1040 Com. of Highways 1040 Fences 1042 Drainage 1044 Trespass of Stock 1044 Estrays 1045 Horses 1046 Marks and Brands 1047 Articles of Agreement 1047 Notes 1048 Judgment Note 1049 Interest 1049 Wills 1051 Descent 1055 Deeds 1056 Mortgages and Trust Deedsl057 Trust Deeds 1058 Leins 1058 Bill of Sale 1060 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. Days of Grace 1061 Limitation of Action 1061 Receipts 1062 Exemptions from Forced Sales 1062 Landlords and Tenants 1063 Criminal Law 1066 Taxes 1068 Subscription 1069 Contract for Personal Ser vices 1070 Newspaper Libel 1071 Tender 1071 Drunkenness 1073 Marriage Contract 1074 School Months 1076 Infants 1076 Adoption of Children 1077 Church Organizations 1077 Game 1078 Millers 1080 Paupers 1080 Public and Private Convey ances 1082 Wages and Stakeholders 1083 Sunday 1085 Definition of Commercial t Te^-M 1085 Legal Weights and Meas- _ ures 1085 gees 1084 Dogs 1084 Cruelty to Animals 1086 STS":; 1086 U. S. Mails logg Rates of Postage ....'" 1088 Rates of Postage on Third- Class Matter 1089 Registered Matter .'.'i090 Money Orders 1090 riT g* -%t r.av. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS: FORMER OCCUPANTS. MOUND-BUILDERS. The numerous and well-authenticated accounts of antiquities found in various parts of our country, clearly demonstrate that a people civilized, and even highly cultivated, occupied the broad surface of our continent before its possession by the present In dians; but the date of tlieir rule of the Western "World is so re mote that all traces of their history, their progress and decay, lie buried in deepest obscurity. Nature, at the time the first Euro peans came, had asserted her original dominion over the earth; the forests were all in their full luxuriance, the growth of many cen turies; and naught existed to point out who and what they were who formerly lived, and loved, and labored, and died, on the conti nent of America. This pre-historic race is known as the Mound- Builders, from the numerous large mounds of earth-works left by • them. The remains of the works of this people form the most in teresting class of antiquities discovered in the United States. Their character can be but partially gleaned from the internal evidences and the peculiarities of the only remains left,— the mounds. They consist of remains of what were apparently villages, altars, temples, idols, cemeteries, monuments, camps, fortifications, pleasure grounds, etc., etc. Their habitations must have been tents, struc tures of wood, or other perishable material; otherwise their remains would be numerous. If tlie Mound-Builders were not the ancestors of the Indian's, who were they? The oblivion which has closed over them is so complete that only conjecture can be. given in answei to the question. Those who do not believe in the common parentage of mankind contend that they were an indigenous race of the West ern hemisphere; others, with more plausibility, think they came from the East, and imagine they can see coincidences in the religion of the Hindoos and Southern Tartars and the supposed theology of 18 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. the Mound-Builders. They were, no doubt, idolators, and it has been conjectured that the sun was the object of their adoration. The mounds were generally built in a situation affording a view of the rising sun: when enclosed in walls their gateways were toward the east; the caves in wliich their dead were occasionally buried always opened in the same direction; whenever a mound was partially en closed by a semi-circular pavement, it was on the east side; when bodies were buried in graves, as was frequently the case, they were laid in a direction east and west; and, finally, medals have been found representing the sun and his rays of light. At what period they came to this country, is likewise a matter of speculation. From the comparatively rude state of the arts among them, it has been inferred that the time was very remote. Their axes were of stone. Their raiment, judging from fragments which have been discovered, consisted of the bark of trees, interwoven with feathers; and their military works were such as a people would erect who had just 'passed to the pastoral state of society from that dependent alone upon hunting and fishing. - The mounds and other ancient earth-works constructed by this people are far more abundant than generally supposed, from the fact that while some are quite large, the greater part of them are small and inconspicuous. Along nearly all our water courses that are large enough to be navigated with a canoe, the mounds are almost invariably found, covering the base points and headlands of the- bluffs which border the narrower valleys; so that when one finds him self in 6uch positions as to command the grandest views for rivfer scenery, he may almost always discover that he is standing upon, or in close proximity to, some one or more of these traces of the labors of an ancient people. GALENA MOUNDS. On the top of the high bluffs that skirt the west bank of the Mis sissippi, about two and a half miles from Galena, are a number of these silent monuments of a pre-historic age. The spot is one of surpassing beauty. From that ipoint may be obtained a view of a portion of three States, — Illinois, Iowa and Wisconsin. A hundred feet below, atjthe foot of the perpendicular cliffs, the trains of the Illinois Central Bailroad thunder around the curve, the portage is in full view, and the " Father of Waters," with its numerous bayous HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 19 and islands, sketches a grand pamorama for miles above and below. Here, probably thousands of years ago, a race of men now extinct, and unknown even in the traditions of the Indians who inhabited that section for centuries before the discovery of America by Colum bus, built these strangely wonderful and enigmatical mounds. At this point these mounds are circular and conical in form. The larg est one is at least forty feet in diameter at the base, and not less than fifteen feet high, even yet, after it has been beaten by the storms of many centuries. On its top stands the large stump of an oak tree that was cut down about fifty years ago, and its annual rings indicate a growth of at least '200 years. One of the most singular earth-works in the State was found on the top of a ridge near the east bank of the Sinsinawa creek in the lead region. It resembled some huge animal, the head, ears, nose, legs and tail, and general outline of which being as perfect as if made by men versed in modern art; The ridge on which it was situated stands 014 the prairie, 300 yards wide, 100 feet in height, and rounded on the top by a deep deposit of clay. Centrally, along the line of its summit, and thrown up in the form of an embankment three feet high, extended the outline of a quadruped measuring 250 feet from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail, and having a width of 18 feet at the center of the body. The head was 35 feet in length, the ears 10 feet, legs 60 and tail 75. The curvature in both the fore and hind legs was natural to an animal lying on its side. The general outline of the figure most nearly resembled the extinct animal known to geologists as the Megathe rium. The question naturally arises, By whom and for what pur pose was this earth figure raised? Some have conjectured that numbers of this now extinct animal lived and roamed over the prai ries of Illinois when the Mound-Builders first made tlieir appearance on the upper part of the Mississippi Valley, and that their wonder and admiration, excited by the colossal dimensions of these huge creatures, found some expression in the erection of this figure. The bones of some similar gigantic animals were exhumed on this stream about three miles from the same place. , LAEGE CITIES. Mr. Breckenridge, who examined the antiquities of the Western country in 1817, speaking of the mounds in the American Bottom, says: "The great number and extremely large size of some of 20 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. them may be regarded as furnishing, with other circumstances, evidences of their antiquity. I have sometimes been induced to think that at the period when they were constructed there was a population here as numerous as that which once. animated the borders of the Nile or Euphrates, or of Mexico. The most num erous, as well as considerable, of these remains are found in pre cisely those parts of the country where the traces of a numerous population might be looked for, namely, from the mouth of the Ohio on the east side of the Mississippi, to the Illinois river, and on the west from the St. Francis to the Missouri. I am perfectly satisfied that cities similar to those of ancient Mexico, of several hundred thousand souls, have existed in this country." It must be admitted that whatever the uses of these mounds — whether as dwellings or burial places — these silent monuments were built, and the race who built them vanished from the face of the earth, ages before the Indians occupied the land, but their date must probably forever baffle human skill an'd ingenuity. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish the places of sepulture raised by the Mound-Builders from the more modern graves of the Indians. The tombs of the former were in general larger than those of the latter, and were used as receptacles for a greater number of bodies, and contained relics of art, evincing a higher degree of civ ilization than that attained by the Indians. The ancient earth works of the Mound-Builders have occasionally been appropriated as burial places by the Indians, but the skeletons of the latter may be distinguished from the osteological remains of the former by their greater stature. What finally became of the Mound-Builders is another query which has been extensively discussed. The fact that their works extend into Mexico and Peru has induced the belief that it was their posterity that dwelt in these countries when they were first visited by the Spaniards. The Mexican and Peruvian works, with the exception of their greater magnitude, are similar. Belies com mon to all of them have been occasionally found, and it is believec? that the religious uses which they subserved were the same. If, indeed, the Mexicans and Peruvians were the progeny of the more ancient Mound-Builders, Spanish rapacity for gold was the cause of their overthrow and final extermination. A thousand other queries naturally arise respecting these nations HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 21 which now repose under the ground, but the most searching investi gation can give us only vague speculations for answers. No histo rian has preserved the names of their mighty chieftains, or given an account of their exploits, and even tradition is silent respecting them. INDIANS. Following the Mound-Builders as inhabitants of North America, were, as it is supposed, the people who reared the magnificent cities the ruins of whicli are found in Central America. This peo ple was far more civilized and advanced in the arts than were the Mound-Builders. The cities built by them, judging from the ruins of broken columns, fallen arches and crumbling walls of temples, palaces and pyramids, which in some places for miles bestrew the ground, must have been of great extent, magnificent and very pop ulous. When we consider the vast period of time necessary to erect such colossal structures, and, again, the time required to reduce them to their present ruined state, we can conceive something of their antiquity. These cities must have been old when many. of the ancient cities of the Orient were being built. The third race inhabiting North America, distinct from the former two in every particular, is the present Indians. They were, when visited by the early discoverers, without cultivation, refinement or literature, and far behind the Mound-Builders in the knowledge of the arts. The question of their origin has long interested archaeologists, and is the most difficult they have been called upon to answer. Of their1 predecessors the Indian tribes knew nothing; they even had no traditions respecting them. It is quite certain that they were the successors of a race which had entirely passed away ages before the discovery of the New World. One hypothesis is that the American Indians are an original race indigenous to the Western hemisphere. Those who entertain this view think their peculiarities of physical structure preclude the possibility of a common parentage with the rest of mankind. Prominent among those distinctive traits is the hair, which in the red man is round, in the white man oval, and in the black man flat. A more common supposition, however, is that they are a derivative race, and sprang from one or more of the ancient peoples of Asia. In the absence of all authentic history, and when even tradition is 22 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. wanting, any attempt to point out the particular location of their origin must prove unsatisfactory. Though the exact place of origin may never be known, yet the striking coincidence of physical organization between the Oriental type of mankind and the Indians point unmistakably to some part of Asia as the place whence they emigrated, wliich was originally peopled to a great ,extent by the children of Shem. In this connection it has been claimed that the meeting of the Europeans, Indians and Africans on the continent of America, is the fulfillment of a prophecy as recorded in Gen esis ix. 27: "God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem ; and Canaan shall be his servant." Assuming the theory to be true that the Indian tribes are of Shemitic origin, they were met on this continent in the fifteenth century by the Japhetic race, after the two stocks had passed around the globe by directly different routes. A few years afterward the Hamitic branch of the human family were brought from the coast of Africa. During the occupancy of the continent by the three distinct races, the children of Japheth have grown and prospered, while the called and not voluntary sons of Ham have endured a servitude in the wider stretching valleys of the tents of Shem. i When Christopher Columbus had finally succeeded in demon strating the truth of his theory that by sailing westward from Eu rope land would be discovered, landing on the Island of Bermuda he supposed he had reached the East Indies. This was an error, but it led to the adoption of the name of " Indians " for the inhab itants of the Island and the main land of America, by which name the red men of America have ever since been known. Of the several great branches of North American Indians the only ones entitled to consideration in Illinois history are the Algon quins and Iroquois. At the time of the discovery of America the former occupied the Atlantic seaboard, while the home of the Iroquois was as an island in this vast area of Algonquin popula tion. The latter great nation spread over a vast territory, and various tribes of Algonquin lineage sprung up over the country, adopting, in time, distinct tribal customs and laws. An almost continuous warfare was carried on between tribes; but later, on the entrance of the white man into their beloved homes, every foot of territory was fiercely disputed by the confederacy of many neighboring tribes. The Algonquins formed the most extensive alliance to resist the encroachment of the whites, especially the English. Such was the HISTORY OF ILLINIOS. 23 nature of King Philip's war. This King, with his Algonquin braves, spread terror and desolation throughout New England.With the Algonquins as the controlling spirit, a confederacy of conti nental proportions was the result, embracing in its alliance the tribes of every name and lineage from the Northern lakes to the gulf. Pontiac, having breathed into them his implacable hate of the English intruders, ordered the conflict to commence, and all the British colonies trembled before the desolating fury of Indian vengeance. ILLINOIS CONFEDERACY. The Illinois confederacy, the various tribes of which comprised most of the Indians of Illinois at one time, was composed of five tribes: the Tamaroas, Michigans, Kaskaskias, Cahokas, and Peorias. The Illinois, Miamis and Delawares were of the same stock. As early as 1670 the priest Father Marquette mentions frequent visits made by individuals of this confederacy to the missionary station at St. Esprit, near the western extremity of Lake Superior. - At that time they lived west of the Mississippi, in eight villages, whither they had been driven from the shores of Lake Michigan by the Iroquois. Shortly afterward they began to return to their old hunting ground, and most of them finally settled in Illinois. Joliet and Marquette, in 1673, met with a band of them on their famous voyage of discovery down the Mississippi. They were treated with the greatest hospitality by the principal chief. On their return voyage up the Illinois river they stopped at the principal town of the confederacy, situated on the banks of the river seven miles below the present town of Ottawa. It was then called Kas kaskia. Marquette returned to the village in 1675 and established the mission of the Immaculate Conception, the oldest in Illinois. When, in 1679, LaSalle visited the town, it/ had greatly increased, numbering 460 lodges, and at the annual assembly of the different tribes, from 6,000 to 8,000 souls. In common with other western tribes, they became involved in the conspiracy of Pontiac, although displaying no very great warlike spirit. Pontiac lost his life by the hands of one of the braves of the Illinois tribe, which so enraged the nations that had followed him as their leader that they fell upon the Illinois to avenge his death, and almost annihilated them. STARVED "ROCK. Tradition states that a band of this tribe, in order to escape the ' general slaughter, took refuge upon the high rock on the Illinois 24 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. river since. known as. Starved Book. . Nature' lias-made this oneof the most formidable military fortresses in the. world. From the waters which wash its base it rises'to an altitudeof 125ifeet. Three of its sides it id. impossible' to scale, while the one next to the land; may be climbed with difficulty.. From its summit, almost as inac cessible as an eagle's nest, the valley of the Illinois is seen as a landscape of exquisite beauty. The river near by struggles between a. number of wooded islands, while further below it quietly meanders through vast meadows till it disappears like a thread of light in the dim distance. On the summit of this rock the Illinois were besieged' by a superior force of the Pottawatomies whom the great strength of their natural fortress enabled them to keep at bay. Hunger and thirst, however, soon accomplished what the enemy was unable to;.effect. Surrounded by a relentless foe, without, food or water, they took a last look at their beautiful hunting grounds, and with true Indian fortitude lay down and died from starvation, Years afterward their bones were seen whiteuing in that place.'. At the beginning of the present century the remnants of this once powerful confederacy were forced into a small compass around Kaskaskia. A few years later they emigrated to the Southwest, ' and in 1850 they were in Indian Territory, and numbered but 84 persons. SACS AND FOXES. The. Sacs and Foxes, who figured most conspicuously in the later history of Illinois, inhabited the northwestern portion of the State. By long residence together and intermarriage they had substan tially become one people. Drake, in his " Life of Black Hawk," speaks of these tribes as follows : " The Sacs and Foxes fought their way from \he waters of the St. Lawrence to Green Bay, and after reaching that place, not only sustained themselves against hostile tribes, but were tjie most active and courageous in the subjugation, or rather the extermination, of the numerous and powerful Illinois confederacy. They had many wars,, offensive and defensive, with the Sioux, the Pawnees, the Osages, and other tribes, some of which are ranked among the most fierce and ferocious warriors of the whole continent; and it does not appear that in these conflicts, run ning through along period of years, they were found wanting in this, the greatest of all savage virtues. In the late war with Great Britain, a party" of .the Sacs and Foxes fought under the British MmWmmm< fi P|B# Si ¦ w" ii 'ill HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 27 standard as a matter of choice; and in the recent contest between a fragment of these tribes and the United States, although defeated and literally cut to pieces by an overwhelming force, it is very questionable whether their reputation as braves would suffer by a comparison with that of their victors. It is believed that a careful review of their history, from the period when they first established themselves on the waters of the Mississippi down to the present time, will lead the inquirer to the conclusion that the Sacs and Foxes were truly a courageous people, shrewd, politic, and enter prising, with no more ferocity and treachery of character than is common among the tribes by whom they were surrounded." These tribes at the time of the Black Hawk War were divided into twenty families, twelve of whiclvwere Sacs and eight Foxes. The follow ing were other prominent tribes occupying Illinois: the Kickapoos, Shawnees, Mascoulins, Piaukishaws, Pottawatomies, Chippewas, and Ottawas. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but, like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love of distinction. The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient age and strength, were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot birds and other small game. Success in killing large quadrupeds required years of careful study and practice, and the art was as sedulously inculcated in the minds of the rising generation as are the elements of reading, writing and arithmetic in the common schools of civilized communities. The mazes of the forest and the dense, tall grass of the prairies were the best fields for the exercise of the hunter's skill. No feet could be impressed in the }Tielding soil but that the tracks were the objects of the most searching scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that made them, the direction it was pursuing, and the time that had elapsed since il had passed. In a forest country he selected the valleys, because they were most frequently the resort of game. The most easily taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the deer. It is endowed with a curiosity which prompts it to stop in its flight and look back at the approaching hunter, who always avails himself of this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow. Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. When in council, they usually sat in concentric circles around the 28 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. speaker, and each individual, notwithstanding the fiery passions that rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast in bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After being lighted, it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, thirdly to the presiding spirit, and lastly the several councilors, each of whom took a whiff. These formalities were observed with as close exactness as state etiquette in civilized courts. The dwellings of the Indians were of the simplest and rudest character. On some pleasant spot by the bank of a river, or near an ever-running spring, they raised their groups of wigwams, con structed of the bark of trees, and easily taken down and removed to another spot. The dwelling-places of th* chiefs were sometimes more spacious, and constructed with greater care, but of the same materials. Skins taken in the chase served them for repose. Though principally dependent upon hunting and fishing, the uncertain supply from those sources led them to cultivate small patches of corn. Every family did everything necessary within itself, commerce, oran interchange of articles, being almost unknown to them. In cases of dispute and dissension, each Indian relied upon himself f >r retaliation. Blood for blood was the rule, and the relatives of the slain man were bound to obtain bloody revenge for his death. This principle gave rise, as a matter of course, to innumerable and bitter feuds, and wars of extermination where such were possible. War, indeed, rather than peace, was the Indian's glory and delightj, — war, not conducted as civilization, but war where individual skill, endurance, gallantry and cruelty were prime requisites. For such a purpose as revenge the Indian would make great sacrifices, and display a patience and perseverance truly heroic; but when the excitement was over, he sank back into a listless, un occupied, well-nigh useless savage. During the intervals of his more exciting pursuits, the Indian employed his time in decorating his person with all the refinement of paint and feathers, and in the manufacture of his arms and of canoes. These were constructed of bark, and so light that they could easily be carried on the shoulder from stream to stream. His amusements were the war-dance, ath letic games, the narration of his exploits, and listening to the ora tory of the chiefs; but during long periods of such existence he remained in a state of torpor, gazing listlessly upon the trees of the forests and the clouds that sailed above them; and this vacancy HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Jitf imprinted an habitual gravity, and even melancholy, upon his gen eral deportment. The main labor and drudgery of Indian communities fell upon the women. The planting, tending and gathering of the crops, making mats and baskets, carrying burdens, — in fact, all -things of the kind were performed by them, thus making their condition but little better than that of slaves. Marriage was merely a matter of bargain and sale, the husband giving presents to the father of the bride. In general they had but few children. They were sub jected to many and severe attacks of sickness, and at times famine and pestilence swept away whole tribes. SINGLE-HANDED COMBAT WITH INDIANS. The most desperate single-handed combat with Indians ever fought on the soil of Illinois was that of Tom Higgins, August 21, 1814. Higgins was 25 years old, of a muscular and compact build, not tall, but strong and active. In danger he possessed a quick and discerning judgment, and was without fear. He was a member of Journey's rangers, consisting of eleven men, stationed at Hill's Fort, eight miles southwest of the present Greenville, Put nam county. Discovering Indian signs near the fort, the company, early the following morning, started on the trail. They had not gone far before they were in an ambuscade of a larger party. At the first fire their commander, Journey, and three men fell, and six retreated to the fort; but Higgins stopped to "have another pull at the red-skins," and, taking deliberate aim at a straggling savage, shot him down. Higgins' horse had been wounded at the first fire, as he supposed, mortally. Coming to, he was about to effect his escape, when the familiar voice of Burgess hailed him from the long grass, "Tom, don't leave me." Higgins told him to come along, but Burgess replied that his leg was smashed. Hig gins attempted to raise him on his horse, but the animal took fright and ran away. Higgins then directed Burgess to limp off as well as he could ; and by crawling through the grass he reacheiLthe fort while the former loaded his gun and remained behind to protect him against the pursuing enemy. When Burgess was well out of tlie way, Higgins took another route, which led by a small thicket, to throw any wandering enemy off the trail. Here he was con fronted by three savages approaching. He ran to a little ravine near for shelter, but in the effort discovered for the first time that 30 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. he was badly wounded in the leg. He was closely pressed by the largest, a powerful Indian, who lodged a ball in his thigh. He fell, but instantly rose again, only, however, to draw the fire of the other two, and again fell wounded. The Indians now advanced upon him with their tomahawks and scalping knives; but as he presented his gun first at one, then at another, from his place in the ravine, each wavered in his purpose. Neither party had time to load, and the large Indian, supposing finally that Higgins' gun was empty, rushed forward with uplifted tomahawk and a yell ; but as he came near enough, was shot down. At this the others raised the war-whoop, and rushed upon the wounded Higgins, and now a hand-to-hand conflict ensued. They darted at him with their knives time and again, inflicting many ghastly flesh-wounds, which bled profusely. One of the assailants threw his tomahawk at him with such pre cision as to sever his ear and lay bare his skull, knocking him down. They now rushed in on him, but he kicked them off, and grasping one of their spears thrust at him', was raised up by it. He quickly seized his gun, and by a powerful blow crushed in the skull of one, but broke his rifle. His remaining antagonist still kept up the con test, making thrusts" with his knife at the bleeding and exhausted Higgins, which he parried with his broken gun as well as he could. Most of this desperate engagement was in plain view of the fort; but the rangers, having been in one ambuscade, saw in this fight only a ruse to draw out the balance of the garrison. But a Mrs. Pursely, residing at the fort, no longer able to see so brave a man contend for his life unaided, seized a gun, mounted a horse, and started to his rescue. At this the men took courage and hastened along. The Indian, seeing aid coming, fled. Higgins, being near ly hacked to pieces, fainted from loss of blood. He was carried to the fort. There being no surgeon, his comrades cut two balls from his flesh; others remained in. For days his life was despaired of; but by tender nursing he ultimately regained his health, although badly crippled. He resided in Fayette county for many years after, and died in 1829. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 31 EARLY DISCOVERIES NICHOLAS PERROT. The first white man who ever set foot on the 'soil embraced within the boundary of the present populous State of Illinois was Nich olas Perrot, a Frenchman. He was sent to Chicago in the year 1671 by M. Talon, Intendant of Canada, for the purpose of inviting the Western Indians to a great peace convention to be held at Green Bay. This convention had for its chief object the promulgation of a plan for the discovery of the Mississippi river. This great river had been discovered by De Soto, the Spanish explorer, nearly one hundred and fifty years previously, but his nation left the country a wilderness, without further exploration or settlement within its borders, in which condition it remained until the river was dis covered by Joliet and Marquette in 1673. It was deemed a wise policy to secure, as far as possible, the friendship and co-operation of the Indians, far and near, before venturing upon an enterprise which their hostility might render disastrous. Thus the great con vention was called." JOLIET AND MARQHETTE. Although Perrot was the first European to visit Illinois, he was not the first tp make any important discoveries. This was left for Joliet and Marquette, wliich they accomplished two years thereafter. The former, Louis Joliet, was born at Quebec in 1645. He was educated for the clerical profession, but he abandoned it to engage in the fur trade. His companion, Father Jacques Mar quette, was a native of France, born in 1637. He was a Jesuit priest by education, and a man of simple faith and great zeal and devotion in extending the Boman Catholic religion among the In dians. He was sent to America in 1666 as a missionary. To con vert the Indians he penetrated the wilderness a thousand miles in advance of civilization, and by his kind attention in their afflic tions he won their affections and made them his lasting friends. There were others, however, who yisited Illinois even prior to the famous exploration of Joliet and Marquette. In 1672 the Jesuit 32 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. missionaries, Fathers Claude Allouez and Claude Dablon, bore the standard of the Cross from their mission at Green Bay through western Wisconsin and northern Illinois. According to the pre-arranged plan referred to above, at the Jes uit mission on the Strait of Mackinaw, Joliet joined Marquette, and with five other Frenchmen and a simple outfit the daring ex plorers on the 17th of May, 1673, set out on their perilous voyage to discover the Mississippi. Coasting along the northern shore of Lake Michigan, they entered Green Bay, and passed thence up Fox river and Lake Winnebago to a village of the Muscatines and Miamis, where great interest was taken in the expedition by the natives. With guides they proceeded down the river. Arriving at the portage, they soon carried their light canoes and scanty bag gage to the Wisconsin, about three miles distant. Their guides now refused to accompany them further, and endeavored, by re citing the dangers incident to the voyage, to induce them to return. They stated that huge demons dwelt in the great river, whose voices could be heard a long distance, and who engulfed in the raging waters all who came within their reach. They also represented that if any of them should escape the dangers of the river, fierce tribes of Indians dwelt upon its banks ready to complete the work of de struction. They proceeded on their journey, however, and on the 17th of June pushed their frail barks on the b'osom of the stately Mississippi, down which they smoothly glided for nearly a hundred miles. Here Joliet and Marquette, leaving their canoes in charge of their men, went on the western shore, where they discovered an Indian village, and were kindly treated. They journeyed on dpwn the unknown river, passing the mouth of the Illinois, then run ning into the current of the muddy Missouri, and afterwaid the waters of the Ohio joined with them on their journey southward. Near the mouth of the Arkansas they discovered Indians who showed signs of hostility; but when Marquette's mission of peace was made known to them, they were kindly received. After pro ceeding up the Arkansas a short distance, at the advice of the natives they turned tlieir faces northward to retrace their steps. Af ter several weeks of hard toil they reached the Illinois, up which stream they proceeded to Lake Michigan. Following the western shore of the lake, they entered Green Bay the latter part of Sep tember, having traveled a distance of 2,500 miles. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 33 On his way up the Illinois, Marquette visited the Kaskaskias, near what is now Utica, in LaSalle county. The following year he returned and established among them the mission of the Im maculate Yirgin Mary. This was the last act of his life. He died in Michigan, May 18, 1675. LASALLE'S EXPLORATIONS. The first French occupation of Illinois was effected by LaSalle, in 1680. Having constructed a vessel, the " Griffin," above the falls of Niagara, he sailed to Green Bay, and passed thence in canoe to the mouth of the St. Joseph river, by whicli and the Kan kakee he reached the Illinois in January, 1680; and on the 3d he entered the expansion of the river now called Peoria lake. Here, at the lower end of the lake, on its eastern bank, now in Tazewell county, he erected Fort Crevecceur. The place where this ancient fort stood may still be seen just below the outlet of Peoria lake. It had, however, but a temporary existence. From this point LaSalle determined, at that time, to descend the Mississippi to its mouth. This he did not do, however, until two years later. Beturning to Fort Frontenac for the purpose of getting material with which to rig his vessel, he left the fort at Peoria in charge of his lieutenant, Henri Tonti, an Italian, who had lost one of his hands by the explosion of a grenade in the Sicilian wars. Tonti had with him fifteen men, most of whom disliked LaSalle, and were ripe for a revolt the first opportunity. Two men who had, previous to LaSalle's departure, been sent to look for the " Griffin " now returned and reported that the vessel was lost and that Fort Frontenac was in the hands of LaSalle's creditors. This disheartening intelligence had the effect to enkindle a spirit of mutiny among the garrison. Tonti had no sooner left the forthwith a few men, to fortify what was afterward known as Starved Bock, than the garrison at the fort refused longer to submit to authority. They destroyed the fort, seized the ammunition, provisions, and other portables of value, and fled. Only two of their number remained true. These hast ened to apprise Tonti of what had occurred. He thereupon sent four of the men with him to inform LaSalle. Thus was Tonti in the midst of treacherous savages, with only five men, two of whom were the friars Ribourde and Membre. With these he immediately returned to the fort, collected what tools had not been destroyed, and conveyed them to the great town of the Illinois Indians. 34 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. By this voluntary display of confidence he hoped to remove the jealousy created in the minds of the Illinois by the enemies of La Salle. Here he awaited, unmolested, the return of LaSalle. GREAT BATTLE OF THE ILLINOIS. Neither Tonti nor his wild associates suspected that hordes of Iro quois were gathering preparatory to rushing down upon their country and reducing it to an uninhabited waste. Already these hell-hounds of the wilderness had destroyed the Hurons, Eries, and other natives on the lakes, and were now directing their attention to the Illinois for new victims. Five hundred Iroquois warriors Bet out for the home of the Illinois. All was fancied security and idle repose in the great town of this tribe, as the enemy stealthily approached. Suddenly as a clap of thunder from a cloudless sky the listless inhabitants were awakened from their lethargy. A Shawnee Indian, on his return home after a visit to tlie Illinois, first discovered the invaders. To save his friends from the im pending danger, he hurriedly returned and apprised them of the coming enemy. This intelligence spread with lightning rapidity over the town, and each wigwam disgorged its boisterous and as tounded inmates. Women snatched their children, and in a delirium of f.-ight wandered aimlessly about, rending the air with their screams. The men, more self-possessed, seized their arms ready for the coming fray. Tonti, long an object of suspicion, was soon surrounded by an angry crowd of warriors, who accused him of be ing an emissary of the enemy. His inability to defend himself properly, in consequence of not fully understanding their language left them still inclined to believe him guilty, and they seized his effects from the fort and threw them into the river. The women and children were sent down the river for safety, and the warriors, not exceeding four hundred, as most of their young men were off hunting, returned to the village. Along the shores of the river they kindled huge bonfires, and spent the entire night in greasing their bodies, painting their faces, and performing the war-dance, to prepare for the approaching enemy. At early dawn the scouts who had been sent out returned, closely followed by the Iroquois. The scouts had seen a chief arrayed in French costume, and re ported their suspicions that LaSalle was in the camp of the enemy, and Tonti again became an object of jealousy. -A concourse of wildly gesticulating savages immediately gathered about him, de- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 35 mahding his life, and nothing saved him from their uplifted weap ons but a promise that he and his men would go with them to meet the enemy. With their suspicions partly lulled, they hurriedly crossed the river and met the foe, when both commenced firing. Tonti, seeing that the Illinois were outnumbered and likely to be defeated, determined, at the imminent risk of his life, to stay the fight by an attempt at mediation. Presuming on the treaty of peace then existing between the French and Iroquois, he exchanged his gun for a belt of wampum and advanced to meet the savage multitude, attended by three companions, who, being unnecessarily exposed to danger, were dismissed, and he proceeded alone. A short walk brought him in the midst of a pack of yelping devils, writhing and distorted with fiendish rage, and impatient to shed his blood. As the result of his swarthy Italian complexion and half-savage costume, he was at first taken for an Indian, and before the mistake was discovered a young warrior approached and stabbed at his heart. Fortunately the blade was turned aside by coming in contact with a rib, yet a large flesh wound was inflicted, which bled profusely. At this juncture a chief discovered his true char acter, and he was led to the rear and efforts were made to staunch his wound. When sufficiently recovered, he declared the Illinois were under the protection of the French, and demanded, in consid eration of the treaty between the latter and the Iroquois, that they should be suffered to remain without further molestation. During this conference a young warrior snatched Tonti's hat, and, fleeing with it to the front, held it aloft on the end of his gun in view of the Illinois. The latter, judging that Tonti had been killed, renewed the fight with 'great vigor. Simultaneously, intelligence was brought to the Iroquois that Frenchmen were assisting their enemies in the fight, when the contest over Tonti was renewed with redoubled fury. Some declared that he should be immediately put to death, while others, friendly to LaSalle, with equal earnest ness demanded that he should be set at liberty. During their clamorous debate, his hair was several times lifted by a huge sav age who stood at his back with a scalping knife ready for execution. Tonti at length turned the current of the angry controversy in his favor, by stating that the Illinois were 1,200 strong, and that there were 60 Frenchmen at the village ready to assist them. This state ment obtained at least a partial, credence, and his tormentors now 36 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. determined to use him as an instrument to delude the Illinois with a pretended truce. The old warriors, therefore, advanced to the front and ordered the firing to cease, while Tonti, dizzy from the loss of blood, was furnished with an emblem of peace and sent staggering across the plain to rejoin the Illinois. The two friars who had just returned from a distant hut, whither they had repaired for prayer and meditation, were the first to meet him and bless God for what they regarded as a miraculous deliverance. With the assurance brought by Tonti, the Illinois re-crossed the river to their lodges, followed by the enemy as far as the opposite bank. Not long after, large numbers of the latter, under the pretext of hunting, also crossed the river and hung in threatening groups about the town. These hostile indications, and the well-known disregard which the Iroquois had always evinced for their pledges, soon convinced the Illinois that their only safety was in flight. With this conviction they set fire to their village, and while the vast volume of flames and smoke diverted the attention of the enemy, they quietly dropped down the river to join their women and children. As soon as the flames would permit, the Iroquois entrenched themselves on the site of the vil lage. Tonti and his men were ordered by the suspicious savages to leave their hut and take up their abode in the fort. At first the Iroquois were much elated at the discomfiture of the Illinois, but when two days afterward they discovered them recon noitering their intrenchments, their courage greatly subsided. With fear they recalled the exaggerations of Tonti respecting their numbers, and concluded to send him with a hostage to make over tures of peace. He and his hostage were received with delight by the Illinois, who readily assented to the proposal which he brought, and in turn sent back with him a hostage to the Iroquois. On his return to the fort his life was again placed in jeopardy, and the treaty was with great difficulty ratified. The young and inexpe rienced Illinois hostage betrayed to his crafty interviewers the nu merical weakness of his tribe, and the savages immediately rushed upon Tonti, and charged him with having deprived them of the spoils and honors of victory. It now required all the tact of which he was master to escape. After much difficulty however, the treaty was con cluded, but the savages, to show their contempt for it, immediately commenced constructing canoes in which to descend the river and attack the Illinois, mM I mm mmssw AN IROQUOIS CHIEF. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 39 FRENCHMEN DRIVEN AWAY. Tonti managed to apprise the latter of their designs, and he and Membre were soon after summoned to attend a council of the Iro quois, who still labored under a wholesome fear of Count Frontenac, and disliking to attack the Illinois in the presence of the French, they thought to try to induce them to leave the country. At the assembling of the council, six packages of beaver skins were intro duced, and the savage. orator, presenting them separately to Tonti, explained the nature of each. "The first two," said he, "were to de clare that the children of Count Frontenac, that is, the Illinois, should not be eaten; the next was a plaster to heal the wounds of Tonti; the next was oil wherewith to anoint him and Membre, that they might not be fatigued in traveling; the next proclaimed that the sun was bright; and the sixth and last required them to decamp and go home." At the mention of going home, Tonti demanded of them when they intended to set the example by leaving the Illinois in the peaceable possession of their country, wliich they had so unjustly in vaded. Tlie council grew boisterous and angry at the idea that they should be demanded to do what they required of the French, and some of its members, forgetting their previous pledge, declared that they would " eat Illinois flesh before they departed." Tonti, in imitation of the Indians' manner of expressing scorn, indignantly kicked away the presents of fur, saying, since they intended to de vour the children of Frontenac with cannibal ferocity, he would not accept their gifts. This stern rebuke resulted in the expulsion of Tonti and his companion from the council, and the next day the chiefs ordered them to leave the country. Tonti had now, at the great peril of his life, tried every expedient to prevent the slaughter of the Illinois. There was little to be ac complished by longer remaining in the country, and as longer delay inifht imperil the lives of his own men, he determined to depart, not knowing where or when he would be able to rejoin LaSalle. With this object in view, the party, consisting of six persons, embarked in canoes, which soon proved leaky, and they were compelled to land for the purpose of making repairs. While thus employed, Father Bi- bourde, attracted by the beauty of the surrounding landscape, wan dered forth among the groves for meditation and prayer. Not return ing in due time, Tonti became alarmed, and started with a corapan- 40 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. ion to ascertain the cause of the long delay. They soon discovered tracks of Indians, by whom it was supposed he had been seized, and guns were fired to direct his return, in case he was alive. Seeing nothing of him during the day, at night they built fires along the bank of the river and retired to the opposite side, to see who might approach them. Near midnight a number of Indians were seen flitting about the light, by whom, no doubt, had been made the tracks Been the previous day. It was afterward learned that they were a band of Kickapoos, who had for several days been hovering about the camp of the Iroquois in quest of scalps. They had fell in with the inoffensive old friar and scalped him. Thus, in the 65th year ofhis age, the only heir to a wealthy Burgnndian house per ished under the war-club of the savages for whose salvation he had renounced ease and affluence. INHUMAN BUTCHERY. During this tragedy a far more revolting one was being enacted in the great town of Illinois. The Iroquois were tearing open the ' graves of the dead, and wreaking tlieir vengeance upon the bodies made hideous by putrefaction. At this desecration, it is said, they even ate portions of the dead bodies, while subjecting them to every indignity that brutal hate could inflict. Still unsated by tlieir hell ish brutalities, and now unrestrained by the presence of the French, they started in pursuit of the retreating Illinois. Day after day they and the opposing forces moved in compact array down the river, neither being able to gain any advantage over the other. At length the Iroquois obtained by falsehood that which number and prowess denied them. They gave out that their object was to pos sess the country, not by destroying, but by driving out its present inhabitants. Deceived by this false statement, the Illinois separa ted, some descending the Mississippi and others crossing to the western shore. The Tamaroas, more credulous than the rest, re mained near the mouth of the Illinois, and were suddenly attacked by an overwhelming force of the enemy. The men fled in dismay, and the women and children, to the number of 700, fell into the hands of the ferocious enemy. Then followed the tortures, butch eries and burnings which only the infuriated and imbruted Iroquois could perpetrate. LaSalle on his return discovered the half-charred bodies of women and children still bound to the stakes where they had suffered all the torments hellish hate could devise. In addition HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 41 to those who had been burnt, the mangled bodies of women and children thickly covered the ground, many of which bore marks of brutality too horrid for record. After the ravenous horde had sufficiently glutted their greed for carnage, they retired from the country. The Illinois returned and rebuilt their town. TONTI SAFE AT GREEN BAY. After the death of Ribourde, Tonti and his men again resumed their journey. Soon again their craft became disabled, when they abandoned it and started on foot for Lake Michigan. Their supply of provisions soon became exhausted, and they were compelled to subsist in a great measure on roots and herbs. One of tlieir companions wandered off in search of game, and lost his way, and several days elapsed before he rejoined them. In his absence he was without flints and bullets, yet contrived to shoot some turkeys by using slugs cut from a pewter porringer and afire- brand to discharge his gun. Tonti fell sick of a fever and greatly retarded the progress of the march. Nearing Green Bay, the cold increased and the means of subsistence decreased and the party would have perished had they not found a few ears of corn and some froz en squashes in the fields of a deserted village. Near the close of November they had reached the Pottawatomies, who warmly greet ed them. Tlieir chief was an ardent admirer of the French, and was accustomed to say: " There were but three great captains in the world, — himself, Tonti and LaSalle." For the above account of Tonti's encounter with the Iroquois, we are indebted to Davidson and Stuve's History of Illinois.LASALLE'S RETURN. LaSalle returned to Peoria only to meet the hideous picture of devastation. Tonti had escaped, but LaSalle knew not whither. Pass ing down the lake in search of him and his men, LaSalle discov ered that the fort had been destroyed; but the vessel which he had partly constructed was still on the stocks, and but slightly injured. After further fruitless search he fastened to a tree a painting repre senting himself and party sitting in a canoe and bearing a pipe of peace, and to the painting attached a letter addressed to Tonti. LaSalle was born in France in 1643, of wealthy parentage, and edu cated in a college of the Jesuits, from which he separated and came to Canada, a poor man, in 1666. He was a man of daring genius, 42 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and outstripped all his competitors in exploits of travel and com merce with the Indians. He was granted a large tract of land at LaChine, where he established himself in the fur trade. In 1669 he visited the headquarters of the great Iroquois confederacy, at Onondaga, New York, and, obtaining guides, explored the Ohio river to the falls at Louisville. For many years previous, it must be remembered, missionaries and traders were obliged to make their way to the Northwest through Canada on account of the fierce hostility of the Iroquois along the lower lakes and Niagara river, which entirely closed this latter route to the upper lakes. They carried on tlieir commerce chiefly by canoes, paddling them through Ottawa river to Lake Nipissing, carrying them across the portage to French river, and descending that to Lake Huron. This being the route by which they reached the Northwest, we have an explana tion of the fact that all the earliest Jesuit missions were established in the neighborhood of tlie upper lakes. LaSalle conceived the grand idea of opening the route by Niagara river and the lower lakes to Canada commerce by sail vessels, connecting it with the navigation of the Mississippi, and thus opening a magnificent water communication from tlie Gulf of St. Lawrence to the Gulf of Mex ico. This truly grand and comprehensive purpose seems to have animated him in his wonderful achievements, and the matchless difficulties and hardships he surmounted. As the first step in the accomplishment of this object he established himself on Lake Ontario, and built and garrisoned Fort Frontenac, the site of the present city of Kingston, Canada. Here he obtained a grant of land from the French crown, and a body of troops, by which he repulsed the Iroquois and opened passage to Niagara Falls. Hav ing by this masterly stroke made it safe to attempt a hitherto untried expedition, his next step, as we have seen, was to build a ship with which to sail the lakes. He was successful in this under taking, though his ultimate purpose was defeated by a strange com bination of untoward circumstances. The Jesuits evidently hated LaSalle and plotted against him, because he had abandoned them and united with a rival order. The fur traders were also jealous of his success in opening new channels of commerce. While they were plodding with their bark canoes through the Ottawa, he was con structing sailing vessels to command the trade of the lakes and the Mississippi. These great plans excited the jealousy and envy of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 43 small traders, introduced treason and revolt into the ranks of his men, and finally led to the foul assassination by which his great achievements were permanently ended. Again visiting the Illinois in the year 1682, LaSalle de scended the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He erected a standard upon which he inscribed the arms of France, and took formal possession of the whole valley of this mighty river in the name of Louis XI Y., then reigning, and in honor of whom he named the country Louisiana. LaSalle then returned to France, was appointed Governor, and returned with a fleet of immigrants for the purpose of planting a colony in Illinois. They arrived in due time in the Gulf of Mexico, but failing to find the mouth of the Missis sippi, up which they intended to sail, his supply ship, with the immigrants, was driven ashore and wrecked on Matagorda Bay. With the fragments of the vessel he constructed rude huts and stockades on the shore for the protection of his followers, calling the post Fort St. Louis. He then made a trip into New Mexico in search of silver mines, but, meeting with disappointment, returned to find his colony reduced to forty souls. He then resolved to travel on foot to Illinois. With some twenty ofhis men they filed out of their fort on the 12th of January, 1687, and after the part ing, — which was one of sighs, of tears, and of embraces, all seeming intuitively to know that they should see each other no more, — they started on their disastrous journey. Two of the party, Du Haut and Leotot, when on a hunting expedition in company with a nephew of LaSalle, assassinated him while asleep. The long absence of his nephew caused LaSalle to go in search of him. On approaching the murderers of his nephew, they fired upon him, kill ing him instantly. They then despoiled the body of its clothing, and left it to be devoured by the wild beasts of the forest. Thus, at the age of 43, perished one whose exploits have so greatly enriched the history of the New World. To estimate aright the marvels of his patient fortitude, one must follow on his track through the vast scene ofhis interminable journeyings, those thou sands of weary miles of forest, marsh and river, where, again and again, in the bitterness of baffled striving, the untiring pilgrim pushed onward toward the goal he never was to attain. America owes him an enduring memory; for in this masculine figure, cast 44 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. in iron, she sees the heroic pioneer who guided her to the possession of her richest heritage. Tonti, who had been stationed at the fort on the Illinois, learning of LaSalle's unsuccessful voyage, immediately started down the Mississippi to his relief. Beaching the Gulf, he found no traces of the colony. He then returned, leaving some of his men at the mouth of the Arkansas. These were discovered by the remnant of LaSalle's followers, who guided them to the fort on the Illinois, where they reported that LaSalle was in Mexico. The little band left at Fort St. Louis were finally destroyed by the Indians, and the murderers of LaSalle were shot. Thus ends the sad chapter of Bobert Cavalier de LaSalle's exploration. FRENCH OCCUPATION. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. The first mission in Illinois, as we have already seen, was com menced by Marquette in April, 1675.- He called the religious society whicli he established the " Mission of the Immaculate Con ception," and the town Kaskaskia. The first military occupation of the country was at Fort Crevecoeur, erected in 1680; but there is no evidence that a settlement was commenced there, or at Peoria, on tho lake above, at that early date. The first settlement of which there is any authentic account was commenced with the building of Fort St. Louis on the Illinois river in 1682; but this was soon abandoned. The oldest permanent settlement, not only in Illinois, but in the val ley of the Mississippi, is at Kaskaskia, situated six miles above the mouth of the Kaskaskia river. This was settled in 1690 by the removal of the mission from old Kaskaskia, or Ft. St. Louis, on the Illinois river. Cahokia was settled about the same time. The reason for the removal of the old Kaskaskia settlement and mission, was probably because the dangerous and difficult route by Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage had been almost abandoned, and travelers and traders traveled down and up the Mississippi by the Fox and Wisconsin rivers. It was removed to the vicinity of the Mississippi in order to be in the line of travel from Canada to Louisiana, that is, the lower part of it, for it was all Louisiana then south of the lakes. Illinois came into possession of the French in 1682, and was a dependency of Canada and a part of Louisiana. During the period of French rule in Louisiana, the population HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 45 probably never exceeded ten thousand. To the year 1730 the fol lowing five distinct settlements were made in the territory of Illinois, numbering, in population, 140 French families, about 600 "converted " Indians, and many traders; Cahokia, near the mouth of Cahokia creek and about five miles below the present city of St. Louis; St.- Philip, about forty-five miles below Cahokia; Fort Chartres, twelve miles above Kaskaskia; Kaskaskia, situated on the Kaskaskia river six miles above its confluence with the Mississippi, and Prairie du Bocher, near Fort Chartres. Fort Chartres was built under the direction of the Mississippi Company in 1718, and was for a time the headquarters of the military commandants of the district of Illinois, and the most impregnable fortress in JSIorth America. It was also the center of wealth and fashion in the West. For about eighty years the French retained peaceable possession of Illinois. Their amiable disposition and tact of ingratiating them selves with the Indians enabled them to escape almost entirely the broils which weakened and destroyed other colonies. Whether exploring remote rivers or traversing hunting grounds in pursuit of game, in the social circle or as participants in the religious exer cises of the church, the red men became their associates and were treated with the kindness and consideration of brothers. For more than a hundred years peace between the white man and the red was unbroken, and when at last this reign of harmony terminated it was not caused by the conciliatory Frenchman, but by the blunt and sturdy Anglo-Saxon. During this century, or until the coun try was occupied by the English, no regular court was ever held. When, in 1765, the country passed into the hands of the English, many of the French, rather than submit to a change in their insti tutions, preferred to leave their homes and seek a new abode. There are, however, at the present time a few remnants of the old French stock in the State, who still retain to a great extent the ancient habits and customs of tlieir fathers. THE MISSISSIPPI COMPANY. During the earliest period of French occupation of this country, M. Tonti, LaSalle's attendant, was commander-in-chief of all the territory embraced between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico, and extending east and west of the Mississippi as far as his ambition or imagination pleased to allow. He spent twenty-one years in estab lishing forts and organizing the first settlements of Illinois. Sep- 46 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. tember 14, 1712, the French government granted a monopoly of all the trade and commerce of the country to M. Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, who established a trading company in Illinois, and it was by this means that the early settlements became perma nent and others established. Crozat surrendered his charter in 1717, and the Company of the West, better known as the Missis sippi Company, was organized, to aid and assist the banking system of John Law, the most famous speculator of modern times, and perhaps at one time the wealthiest private individual the world has ever known; but his treasure was transitory. Under the Company of the West a branch was organized called the Company of St. Philip's, for the purpose of working the rich silver mines sup posed to be in Illinois, and Philip Renault was appointed as its agent. In 1719 he sailed from France with two hundred miners, laborers and mechanics. During 1719 the Company of the West was by royal order united with the Royal Company of the Indies, and had the influence and support of the crown, who was deluded by the belief that immense wealth would flow, into the empty treas ury of France. This gigantic scheme, one of the most extensive and wonderful bubbles ever blown up to astonish, deceive and ruin thousands of people, was set in operation by the fertile brain of John Law. Law was born in Scotland in 1671, and so rapid had been his career that at the age of twenty-three he was a " bankrupt, an adulterer, a murderer and an exiled outlaw." But he possessed great financial ability, and by his agreeable and attractive manners, and his enthusiastic advocacy of his schemes, he succeeded in inflaming the imagination of the mercurial Frenchmen, whose greed for gain led them to adopt any plans for obtaining wealth. Law arrived in Paris with two and a half millions of. francs, which he had gained at the gambling table, just at the right time. Louis XIY. had just died and left as a legacy empty coffers and an immense public debt. Every thing and everybody was taxed to the last penny to pay even the interest. All the sources of in dustry were dried up; the very wind which wafted the barks of commerce seemed to have died away under the pressure of the time; trade stood still; the merchant, the trader, the artificer, once flourishing in affluence, were transformed into clamorous beggars. The life-blood that animated the kingdom was stagnated in all its arteries, and tlie danger of an awful crisis became such that HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 47 the nation was on the verge of bankruptcy. At this critical junc ture John Law arrived and proposed his grand scheme of the Mississippi Company; 200,000 shares of stock at 500 livres each were at first issued. This sold readily and great profits were realized. More stock was issued, speculation became rife, the fever seized everybody, and the wildest speculating frenzy pervaded the whole nation. Illinois was thought to contain vast and rich mines of minerals. Kaskaskia, then scarcely more than the settlement of a few savages, was spoken of as an emporium of the most extensive traffic, and as rivaling some of the cities of Europe in refinement, fashion and religious culture. Law was in the zenith of his glory, and the people in the zenith of their infatuation. The high and the low, the rich and the poor, were at once filled with visions of untold wealth, and every age, set, rank and condition were buying and selling stocks. Law issued stock again and again, and readily sold until 2,235,000,000 livres were in circulation, equaling about $450,000,000. While confidence lasted an impetus was given to trade never before known. An illusory policy everywhere prevailed, and so dazzled the eye that none could see in the horizon the dark cloud announc ing the approaching storm. Law at the time was the most influ ential man in Europe. His house was beset from morning till night with eager applicants for stock. Dukes, marquises and counts, with their wives and daughters, waited for hours in the street below his door. Finding his residence too small, he changed it for the Place Yendome, whither the crowd followed him, and the spacious square had the appearance of a public market. The boule vards and public gardens were forsaken, and the Place Yendome became the most fashionable place in Paris; and he was unable to wait upon even one-tenth part of his applicants. The bubble burst after a few years, scattering ruin and distress in every direction. Law, a short time previous the most popular man in Europe, fled to Brussels, and in 1729 died in Yenice, in obscurity and poverty. ENGLISH RULE. As early as 1750 there could be perceived the first throes of the revolution, which gave a new master and new institutions to Illi nois. France claimed the whole valley of the Mississippi, and Eng land the right to extend her possessions westward as far as she might desire. Through colonial controversies the two mother 48 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. countries were precipitated into a bloody war within the North western Territory, George Washington firing the first gun of the military struggle which resulted in the overthrow of the French not only in Illinois but in North America. The French evinced a determination to retain control of the territory bordering the Ohio and Mississippi from Canada to the Gulf, and so long as the En glish colonies were confined to the sea-coast there was little reason for controversy. As the English, however, became acquainted with this beautiful and fertile portion of our country, they not only learned the value of the vast territory, but also resolved to set up a counter claim to the soil. The French established numerous mili tary and trading posts from the frontiers of Canada to New Or leans, and in order to establish also their claims to jurisdiction over the country they carved the lilies of France on the forest trees, or sunk plates of metal in the ground. These measures did not, however, deter the English from going on with their explorations; and though neither party resorted to arms, yet the conflict was gathering, and it was only a question of time when the storm should burst upon the frontier settlement. The French based their claims upon discoveries, the English on grants of territdry extending from ocean to ocean, but neither party paid the least attention to the prior claims of the Indians. From this posi tion of affairs, it was evident that actual collision between the contending parties would not much longer be deferred. The En glish Government, in anticipation of a war, urged the Governor of Virginia to lose no time in building two forts, which were equipped by arms from England. The French anticipated the English and gathered a considerable force to defend their possessions. The Governor determined to send a messenger to the nearest French post and demand an explanation. This resolution of the Governor brought into the history of our country for the first time the man of all others whom America most loves to lionor, namely, George Washington. He was chosen, although not yet twenty-one years of age, as the one to perforin this delicate and difficult mission. With five companions he set out on Nov. 10, 1753, and after a per ilous journey returned Jan. 6, 1754. The struggle commenced and continued long, and was bloody and fierce; but on the 10th of Octo ber, 1765, the ensign of France was replaced on the ramparts of Fort Chartres by the flag of Great Britain. This fort was the GEN. GEORGE ROGERS CLARK. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 51 depot of supplies and the place of rendezvous for the united forces of the French. At this time the colonies of the Atlantic seaboard were assembled in preliminary congress at New York, dreaming of liberty and independence for the continent; and Washington, who led the expedition against the French for the English king, in less than ten years was commanding the forces opposed to the English tyrant. Illinois, besides being constructively a part of Florida for over one hundred years, during which time no Spaniard set foot upon her soil or rested his eyes upon her beautiful plains, for nearly ninety years had been in the actual occupation of the French, their puny settlements slumbering quietly in colonial dependence on the distant waters of the Kaskaskia, Illinois and Wabash. gen. clark's exploits. The Northwest Territory was now entirely under English rule, and on the breaking out of the Revolutionary war the British held every post of importance in the West. While the colonists of the East were maintaining a fierce struggle with the armies of England, their western frontiers were ravaged by merciless butcheries of In dian warfare. The jealousy of the savage was aroused to action by the rapid extension of American settlement westward and the im proper influence exerted by a number of military posts garrisoned by British troops. To prevent indiscriminate slaughters arising from these causes, Illinois became the theater of someof the most daring exploits connected with American history. The hero of the achieve ments by which this beautiful land was snatched as a gem from the British Crown, was George Rogers Clark, of Yirginia. He had closely watched the movements of the British throughout the . Northwest, and understood their whole plan; he also knew the Indians were not unanimously in accord with the English, and therefore was convinced that if the British could be defeated and expelled from the Northwest, the natives might be easily awed into neutrality. Having convinced himself that the enterprise against the Illinois settlement might easily succeed, he repaired to the cap ital of Yirginia, arriving Nov. 5, 1777. While he was on his way, fortunately, Burgoyne was defeated (Oct. 17),.andthe spirits of the colonists were thereby greatly encouraged. Patrick Henry was Governor of Yirginia, and at once entered heartily into Clark's plans. After satisfying the Yirginia leaders of the feasibility of hiB project, he received two sets of instructions, — one. secret, the 52 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS, other open. The latter authorized him to enlist .seven companies to go to Kentucky, aud serve three months after tlieir arrival in the West. The secret order authorized hiin to arm these troops, to procure his powder and lead of General Hand at Pittsburg, and to proceed at once to subjugate the country. HE TAKES KASKASKIA. With these instructions Col. Clark repaired to Pittsburg, choos ing rather to raise his men west of the mountains, as he well knew all were needed in the colonies in the conflict there. He sent Col. W. B. Smith to Holstein and Captains Helm and Bowman to other localities to enlist men; but none of them succeeded in rais ing the required number. The settlers in these parts were afraid to leave their own firesides exposed to a vigilant foe, and but few could be induced to join the expedition. With these companies and several private volunteers Clark commenced his descent of the Ohio, which he navigated as far as the falls, where he took, posses sion of and fortified Corn Island, a small island between the present cities of Louisville, Ky., and New Albany, Ind. Here, after having completed his arrangements and announced to the men their real destination, he left a small garrison; and on the 24th of June, dur ing a total eclipse of the sun, which to them augured no good, they floated down the river. His plan was to go by water as far as Fort Massac, and thence march direct to Kaskaskia. Here he intended to surprise the garrison, and after its capture go to Cahokia, then to Yincennes, and lastly to Detroit. Should he fail, he intended to march directly to the Mississippi river and cross it into the Spanish country. Before his start he received good items of information: one that an alliance had been formed between France and the United States, and the other that the Indians throughout the Illinois country and the inhabitants at the various frontier posts had been led by the British to believe that the " Long Knives," or Yirginians, were the most fierce, bloodthirsty and cruel savages that ever scalped a foe. With this impression on their minds, Clark saw that proper management would cause them to submit at once from fear, if surprised, and then from gratitude would become friendly, if treated with unexpected lenity. The march to Kaskaskia was made through a hot July sun, they arriving on the-evening of the 4th of July, 1778. They captured the fort near the village and soon after the village itself, by surprise, and without the loss of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 53 a single man and without killing any of the enemy. After suffi ciently working on the fears of the natives, Clark told them they were at perfect liberty to worship as they pleased, and to take whichever side of the great conflict they would; also he would pro tect them against any barbarity from British or Indian foe. This had the desired effect; and the inhabitants, so unexpectedly and so gratefully surprised by the unlooked-for turn of affairs, at once swore allegiance to the American arms; and when Clark desired to go to Cahokia on the 6th of July, they accompanied him, and through their influence the inhabitants of the place surrendered and gladly placed themselves under his protection. In the person of M. Gibault, priest of Kaskaskia, Clark found a powerful ally and generous friend. Clark saw that, to retain pos session of the Northwest and treat successfully with the Indians, he must establish a government for the colonies he had taken. St. Yin cent, the post next in importance to Detroit, remained yet to be taken before the Mississippi valley was conquered. M. Gibault told him that he would alone, by persuasion, lead Vincennes to throw off its connection with England. Clark gladly accepted this offer, and July 14th, in company with a fellow-townsman, Gibault started on his mission of peace. On the 1st of August he returned with the cheerful intelligence that everything was peaceably ad justed at Yincennes in favor of the Americans. During the inter val, Col. Clark established his courts, placed garrisons at Kaskaskia and Cahokia, successfully re-enlisted his men, and sent word to have a fort (which proved the germ of Louisville) erected at the falls of the Ohio. While the American commander was thus negotiating with the Indians, Hamilton, the British Governor of Detroit, heard of Clark's invasion, and was greatly incensed because the country- which he had in charge should be wrested from him by a few ragged militia. He therefore hurriedly collected a force, marched by way of the Wabash, and appeared before the fort at Yincennes. The inhabi tants made an effort to defend the town, and when Hamilton's forces arrived, Captain Helm and a man named Henry were the only Americans in the fort. These men had been sent by Clark. The latter charged a cannon and placed it in the open gateway, and the Captain stood by it with alighted match and cried out, as Ham ilton came in hailing distance, "Halt!" The British officer, not 54 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. knowing the strength of the garrison, stopped, and demanded the surrender of the fort. Helm exclaimed, " No man shall enter here till I know the terms." Hamilton responded, " You shall have the honors of war." The entire garrison consisted of one officer and one private. VINCENNES CAPTURED. On taking Kaskaskia, Clark made a prisoner of Bocheblave, commander of the place, and got possession of all his written instructions for the conduct of the war. From these papers he received important information respecting the plans of Col. Ham ilton, Governor at Detroit, who was intending to make a vigorous and concerted attack upon the frontier. After arriving at Vin cennes, however, he gave up his intended campaign for the winter, and trusting to his distance from danger and to the difficulty of approaching him, sent off his Indian warriors to prevent troops from coming down the Ohio, and to annoy the Americans in all ways. Thus he sat quietly down to pass the winter with only about eighty soldiers, but secure, as he thought, from molestation. But he evidently did not realize the character of the men with whom he was contending. Clark, although he could muster only one hundred and thirty men, determined to take advantage of Hamilton's weakness and security, and attack him as the only means of saving himself; for unless he captured Hamilton, Hamilton would capture him. Accordingly, about the beginning of February, 1779, he dispatched a small galley wliich he had fitted out, mounted with two four-pounders and four swivels and manned with a company of soldiers, and carrying stores for his men, with orders to force her way up the Wabash, to take her station a few miles below Vincennes, and to allow no person to pass her. He himself marched with his little band, and spent six teen days in traversing the country from Kaskaskia to Vincennes, passing with incredible fatigue through woods and marshes. He was five days in crossing the bottom lands of the Wabash; and for five miles was frequently up to the breast in water. After over coming difficulties which had been thought insurmountable, he appeared before the place and completely surprised it. The inhab itants readily submitted, but Hamilton at first defended himself in the fort. Next day, however, he surrendered himself and his gar rison prisoners-of-war. By his activity in encouraging the hostili ties of the Indians and by the revolting enormities perpetrated by HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 55 those savages, Hamilton had rendered himself so obnoxious that he was thrown in prison and put in irons. During his command of the British frontier posts he offered prizes to the Indians for all the scalps of the Americans they would bring him, and earned in con sequence thereof the title, "Hair-Buyer General," by which he was ever afterward known. The services of Clark proved of essential advantage to his coun trymen. They disconcerted the plans of Hamilton, and not only saved the western frontier from depredations by the savages, but also greatly cooled the ardor of the Indians for carrying on a contest in which they were not likely to be the gainers. Had it not been for this small army, a union of all the tribes from Maine to Georgia against the colonies might have been effected, and the whole current of our history changed. ILLINOIS. COUNTY OF ILLINOIS. In October, 1778, after the successful campaign of Col. Clark, the assembly of Virginia erected the conquered country, embracing all the territory northwest of the Ohio river, into the County of Illi nois, wliich was doubtless the largest county in the world, exceeding in its dimensions the whole of Great Britian and Ireland. To speak more definitely, it contained the territory now embraced in the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. On the 12th of December, 1778, John Todd was appointed Lieutenant- Commandant of this county by Patrick Henry, then Governor of Virginia, and accordingly, also, the first of Illinois County. NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. Illinois continued to form a part of Virginia until March 1, 1784, when that State ceded all the territory north of the Ohio to the United States. Immediately the general Government proceeded* to establish a form of government for the settlers in the territories thus ceded. This form continued until the passage of the ordi nance of 1787, for the government of the Northwestern Terri tory. No man can study the secret history of this ordinance and not feel that Providence was guiding with sleepless eye the des- 56 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. tinies of these unborn States. American legislation has never achieved anything more admirable, as an internal government, than this comprehensive ordinance. Its provisions concerning the distribution of property, the principles of civil and religious liberty which it laid at the foundation of the communities since established, and the efficient and simple organization by which it created the first machinery of civil society, are worthy of all the praise that has ever been given them. I ORDINANCE OF 1787. This ordinance has a marvelous and interesting history. Con siderable controversy has been indulged in as to who is entitled to the credit for framing it. This belongs, undoubtedly, to Nathan Dane; and to Rufus King and Timothy Pickering belong the credit for suggesting the proviso contained in it against slavery, and also for aids to religion and knowledge, and for assuring for ever the common use, witliout charge, of the great national high ways of the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence and their tributaries to all the citizens of the United States. To Thomas Jefferson is also , due much credit, as some features of this ordinance were embraced in his ordinance of 1784. But the part taken by each in the long, laborious and eventful struggle which had so glorious a consum mation in the ordinance, consecrating forever, by one imprescript ible and unchangeable monument, the very heart of our country to Freedom, Knowledge, and Union, will forever honor the names of those illustrious statesmen. Mr. Jefferson had vainly tried to secure a system of government for the Northwestern Territory. He was an emancipationist and favored the exclusion of slavery from the territory, but the South voted him down every time he proposed a measure of this nature. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti- slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in session in New York. On July 5, Rev. Manasseh Cutler, of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the Northwestern Territory. Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his personal character, all combined to complete one of those sudden and marvelous revolutions of public sentiment that HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 57 once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale. He had studied and taken de grees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He had published a scientific examination of the plants of New England. As a scientist in America his name stood second only to that of Franklin He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and of inviting face. The Southern members said they had never seen such a gentleman in the North. He came representing ,a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio, for the purpose of planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This company had collected enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made Dr. Cutler the^r agent, which enabled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. As this would reduce the national debt, ar.d Jefferson's policy was to provide for the public credit, it presented a good opportunity to do something. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, wliich she was ¦ crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the North western region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught the inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire South ral lied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, be cause many of the constituents of her members were interested personally in the Western speculation. Thus Cutler, making friends in the South, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convic tions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise statesmanship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term "Articles of Compact," which, preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred char acter. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massa chusetts, adopted three years before. Its most prominent points were: , 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision for public schools, giving one township for a semi nary and every section numbered 16 in each township; that is, one thirty-sixth- of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or 58 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Beit forever remembered that this compact declared that "re ligion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good govern ment and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu cation shall always be encouraged." Dr, Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified dec laration that it was that or nothing,— that unless they could make the land desirable they did not want it,— he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional conveption at Philadelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani mously adopted. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were consecrated to free dom, intelligence, and morality. Thus the great heart of the nation was prepared to save the union of States, for it was this act that was the salvation of the republic and, the destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder and tried to have the compact repealed. In 1803 Congress referred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairman.. He reported that this ordinance was a compact and opposed repeal. Thus it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. SYMPATHY WITH SLAVERY. With all this timely aid it was, however, a most desperate and protracted struggle to keep the soil of Illinois saered to freedom. It was the natural battle-field for the irrepressible conflict. In the southern end of the State slavery preceded the compact. It ex isted among the old French settlers, and was hard to eradicate. That portion was also settled from the slave States, and this popu lation brought their laws, customs, and institutions with them. A stream of population from the North poured into the northern part of the State. These sections misunderstood and hated each other perfectly. The Southerners regarded the Yankees as a skinning, tricky, penurious race of peddlers, filling the country with tinware, brass clocks, and wooden nutmegs. The Northerner. thought of the Southerner as a lean, lank, lazy creature, burrowing in a hut, and rioting in whisky, dirt, and ignorance. These causes aided in making the struggle long and bitter. So strong was the sympathy with slavery that, in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and in spite of the deed of cession, it was determined to allow the old" French set tlers to retain their slaves. Planters from the slave States might ¦'¦-¦ '¦$>%£&?*- ' ¦ -~~-\ GEN. ARTHUR ST. CLAIR. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 59 bring their slaves if they would give them an opportunity to choose freedom or years of service and bondage for their children till they should become thirty years of age. If they chose freedom they must leave the State within sixty days, or be sold as fugitives. Servants were whipped for offenses for which white men were fined. Each lash paid forty cents of the fine. A negro ten miles from home without a pass was whipped. These famous laws were im ported from the slave States, just as the laws for the inspection of flax and wool were imported when there was neither in the State. ST. CLAIR, GOVERNOR OF NORTHWESTERN TERRITORY. On October 5, 1787, Maj. Gen. Arthur St. Clair was, by Congress, elected Governor of this vast territory. St. Clair was born in Scot land and emigrated to America in 1755. He served in the French and English war, and was major general in the Revolution. In 1786 he was elected to Congress and chosen President of that body. ILLINOIS TERRITORY. After the division of the Northwestern Territory Illinois became one of the counties of the Territory of Indiana, from which it was separated by an act of Congress Feb. 3, 1809, forming the Territory of Illinois, with a population estimated at 9,000, and then included the present State of Wisconsin. It was divided, at the time, into two counties, — St. Clair and Randolph. John Boyle, of Ken tucky, was appointed Governor, by the President, James Madison, but declining, Ninian Edwards, of the same State, was then appointed and served with distinction; and after the organization of Illinois as a State he served in the same capacity, being its third Governor. WAR OF 1812. THE OUTBREAK. For some years previous to the war between the United States and England in 1812, considerable trouble was experienced with the Indians. Marauding bands of savages would attack small settle ments and inhumanly butcher all the inhabitants, and mutilate their dead bodies. To protect themselves, the settlers organized companies of rangers, and erected block houses and stockades in every settlement. The largest, strongest and best one of these was Fort Russell, near the present village of Edwardsville. This stockade 60 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. was made the main rendezvous for troops and military stores, and Gov. Edwards, who during the perilous times of 1812, when Indian hostilities threatened on every hand, assumed command of the Illi nois forces, established his headquarters at this place. The Indians were incited to many of these depredations by English emissaries, who for years continued their dastardly work of "setting the red men, like dogs, upon the whites." In the summer of 1811 a peace convention was held with the Pottawatomies at Peoria, when they promised that peace should prevail; but their promises were soon broken. Tecumseh, the great warrior, and fit successor of Pontiac, started in the spring of 1811, to arouse the Southern Indians to war against the whites. The pur pose of this chieftain was well known to Gov. Harrison, of Indiana Territory, who determined during Tecumseh's absence to strikeand disperse the hostile forces collected at Tippecanoe. This he success fully did on Nov. 7, winning the sobriquet of " Tippecanoe," by which he was afterwards commonly known. Several peace councils were held, at which the Indians promised good behavior, but only to deceive the whites. Almost all the savages of the Northwest were thoroughly stirred up and did not desire peace. . The British agents at various points, in anticipation of a war with the United States, sought to enlist the favor of the savages by distributing to them large supplies of arms, ammunition and other goods. The English continued their insults to our flag upon the high seas, and their government refusing to relinquish its offensive course, all hopes of peace and safe commercial relations were abandoned, and Congress, on the 19th of June, 1812, formally declared, war against Great Britain. In Illinois the threatened Indian troubles had already caused a more thorough organization of the militia and greater protection by the erection of forts. As intimated, the In dians took the war-path long before the declaration of hostilities between the two civilized nations, committing great depredations, the most atrocious of which was the MASSACRE AT FORT DEARBORN. During the war of 1812 between the United States and England, the greatest, as well as the most revolting, massacre of whites that ever occurred in Illinois, was perpetrated by the Pottawatomie In dians, at Fort Dearborn. This fort was built by the Government, in 1804, on the south 6ide of the Chicago river, and was garrisoned HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 61 by 54 men under command of Capt. Nathan Heald, assisted by Lieutenant Helm and Ensign Ronan; Dr. Voorhees, surgeon. The residents at the post at that time were the wives of officers Heald and Helm and a few of the soldiers, Mr. Kinzie and his family, and a few Canadians. The soldiers and Mr. Kinzie were on the most friendly terms with the Pottawatomies and Winnebagoes, the prin cipal tribes around them. On the 7th of August, 1812, arrived the order from Gen. Hull, at Detroit, to" evacuate Fort Dearborn, aud distribute all United States property to the Indians. Chicago was so deep in the wilderness OLD FORT DEARBORN. that this was the first intimation the garrison received of the dec laration of war made on the 19th of June. The Indian chief who brought the dispatch advised Capt. Heald not to evacuate, and that if he should decide to do so, it be done immediately, and by forced marches elude the concentration of the savages before the news could be circulated among them. To this most excellent ad vice the Captain gave no heed, but on the 12th held a council with 62 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. the Indians, apprising them of the orders received^ and offering a liberal reward for an escort of Pottawatomies to Fort Wayne. The Indians, with many professions of friendship, assented to all he proposed, and promised all he required. The remaining officers re fused to join in the council, for they had been informed that treach ery was designed, — that the Indians intended to murder those in the council, and then destroy those in the fort. The port holes were open, displaying cannons pointing directly upon the council. This action, it is supposed, prevented a massacre at that time. Mr. Kinzie, who knew the Indians well, begged Capt. Heald not to confide in their promises, or distribute the arms and ammu nitions among them, for it would only put power in their hands to destroy the whites. This argument, true and excellent in itself, was now certainly inopportune, and would only incense the treach erous foe. But the Captain resolved to follow it, and accordingly on the night of the 13th, after the distribution of the other property, the arms were brokeD, and the barrels of whisky, of whicli there was a large quantity, were rolled quietly through the sally-port, their heads knocked in and their contents emptied into the river. On that night the lurking red-skins crept near the fort and discovered the destruction of the promised booty going on within. The next morn ing the powder was seen floating on the surface of the river, and the Indians asserted that such an abundance of " fire-water" had been emptied into the river as to make it taste " groggy." Many of them drank of it freely. On the 14th the desponding garrison was somewhat cheered by the arrival of Capt. Wells, with 15 friendly Miamis. Capt. Wells heard at Fort Wayne of the order to evacuate Fort Dearborn, and knowing the hostile intentions of the Indians, made a rapid march through the wilderness to protect, if possible, his niece, Mrs'. Heald, and the officers and the garrison from certain destruction. But he came too late. Every'means for its defense had been destroyed the night before, and arrangements were made for leaving the fort on the following morning. The fatal morning of the 16th at length dawned brightly on the world. The sun shone in unclouded splendor upon the glassy waters of Lake Michigan. At 9 a. m., the party moved out of the south ern gate of the fort, in military array. The band, feeling the solem nity of the occasion, struck up the Dead March in Saul. Capt. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 63 Wells, with his face blackened after the manner of the Indians, led the advance guard at the head of his friendly Miamis, the garrison with loaded arms, the baggage wagons with the sick, and the women and children following, while the Pottawatomie Indians, about 500 in number, who had pledged their honor to escort the whites in safety to Fort Wayne, brought up the rear. The party took the road along the lake shore. On reaching the range of sand-hills separating the beach from the prairie, about one mile and a half- from the fort, the Indians defiled to the right into the prairie, bring ing the sand-hills between them and the whites. This divergence was scarcely effected when Capt. Wells, who had kept in advance with his Indians, rode furiously back and exclaimed, " They are about to attack us. Form instantly and charge upon them!" These words were scarcely uttered before a volley of balls from Indian muskets was poured in upon them. The troops were hastily formed into line, and charged up the bank. One veteran of 70 fell as they ascended. The Indians were driven back to the prairie, and then the battle was waged by 54 soldiers, 12 civilians, and three or four women — the cowardly Miamis having fled at the outset — against 500 Indian warriors. The whites behaved gallantly, and sold their lives dearly. They fought desperately until two-thirds of their number were slain; the remaining 27 surrendered. And now the most sickening and heart-rending butchery of this calam itous day was committed by a young savage, who assailed one of the baggage wagons containing 12 children, every one of which fell beneath his murderous tomahawk. When Capt. Wells, who with the others had become prisoner, beheld this scene at a distance, he exclaimed in a tone loud enough to be heard by the savages, " If this be your game, I can kill too;" and turning his horse, started for the place where the Indians had left their squaws and children. The Indians hotly pursued, but he avoided their deadly bullets for a time. Soon his horse was killed and he severely wounded. With a yell the young braves rushed to make him their prisoner and re serve him for torture. But an enraged warrior stabbed him in the back, and he fell dead. His heart was afterwards taken out, cut in pieces and distributed among the tribes. Billy Caldwell, a half- breed Wyandot, well-known in Chicago long afterward, buried his remains the next day. Wells street in Chicago, perpetuates his memory. 64 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. In this fearful combat women bore a conspicuous part. A wife of one of the soldiers, who had frequently heard that the Indians subjected their prisoners to tortures worse than death, resolved not to be taken alive, and continued fighting until she was literally cut to pieces. Mrs. Heald was an excellent equestrian, and an expert in the use of the rifle. She fought bravely, receiving several wounds. Though faint from loss of blood, she managed to keep in her saddle. A savage raised his tomahawk to kill her, wThen she looked him full in the face, and with a sweet smile and gentle voice said, in his own language, " Surely you will not kill a squaw." The arm of of the savage fell, and the life of this heroic woman was saved. Mrs. Helm had an encounter with a stalwart Indian, who attempted to tomahawk her. Springing to one side, she received the glancing blow on her shoulder, and at the same time she seized the savage round the neck and endeavored to get his scalping-knife which hung in a sheath at his breast. While she was thus struggling, she was dragged from his grasp by another and an older Indian. The latter bore her, struggling and resisting, to the lake and plunged her in. She soon perceived it was not his intention to drown her, because he held her in such a position as to keep her head out of the water. She recognized him to be a celebrated chief called Black Partridge. When the firing ceased she was conducted up the sand-bank. SLAUGHTER OF PRISONERS. The prisoners were taken back to the Indian camp, when a new scene of horror was enacted. The wounded not being included in the terms of the surrender, as it was interpreted by the Indians, and the British general, Proctor, having offered a liberal bounty for American scalps, nearly all the wounded were killed and scalped, and the price of the trophies was afterwards paid by the British general. In the stipulation of surrender, Capt. Heald had not particularly mentioned the wounded: These helpless sufferers, on reaching the Indian camp, were therefore regarded by the brutal savages as fit subjects upon which to display their cruelty and satisfy their desire for blood. Referring to the terrible butchery of the prisoners, in an account given by Mrs. Helm, she says: "An old squaw, infuriated by the loss of friends or excited by the sanguin ary scenes around her, seemed possessed of demoniac fury. She seized a stable-fork and assaulted one miserable victim, who lay HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 65 groaning and writhing in the agonies of his wounds, aggravated by the scorching beams of the sun. With a delicacy of feeling, scarcely to have been expected under such circumstances, Wan-bee-nee-wan stretched a mat across two poles, between me and this dreadful scene. I was thus spared, in some degree, a view of its horrors, although I could not entirely close my ears to the cries of the sufferer. The following night five more of the wounded prisoners were toma hawked." KINZIE FAMILY SAVED. That evening, about ssindown, a council of chiefs was held to decide the fate of the prisoners, and it was agreed to deliver them OLD KINZIE HOUSE. to the British commander at Detroit. After dark, many warriors from a distance came into camp, who were thirsting for blood, and were determined to murder the prisoners regardless of the terms of surrender. Black Partridge, with a few of his friends, surrounded "Kinzie's house to protect the inmates from the tomahawks of the bloodthirsty savages. Soon a band of hostile warriors rushed by them into the house, and stood with tomahawks and scalping-knives, awaiting the signal from their chief to commence the work of death. 66 ' HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Black Partridge said to Mrs. Kinzie: "We are doing everything in our power to save you, but all is now lost; you and your friends, together with all the prisoners of the camp, will now be slain." At that moment a canoe was heard approaching the shore, when Black Partridge ran down to the river, trying in the darkness to make out the new comers, and at the same time shouted, "Who are you?" In the bow of the approaching canoe stood a tall, manly personage, with a rifle in his hand. He jumped ashore exclaiming, " I am Sau-ga-nash." "Then make all speed to the house; our friends are in danger, and you only can save them." It was Billy Caldwell, the half-breed Wyandot. He hurried forward, entered the house with a resolute step, deliberately removed his accouterments, placed his rifle behind the door, and saluted the Indians: " How now, my friends! a good day to you. I was told there were enemies here, but am glad to find only friends." Diverted by the coolness of his manner, they were ashamed to avow their murderous purpose, and simply asked for some cotton goods to wrap their dead, for burial. And thus, by his presence of mind, Caldwell averted the murder of the Kinzie family and the prisoners. The latter, with their wives and children, were dispersed among the Pottawatomie tribes along the Illinois, Bock and Wabash rivers, and some to Milwaukee. The most of them were ransomed at Detroit the following spring. A part of them, however, remained in captivity another year. EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. By the middle of August, through the disgraceful surrender of Gen. Hull, at Detroit, and the evacuation of Fort Dearborn and massacre of its garrison, the British and Indians were in possession of the whole Northwest. The savages, emboldened by their successes, penetrated deeper into the settlements, committing, great depre dations. The activity and success of the enemy aroused the people to a realization of the great danger their homes and families were in. Gov. Edwards collected a force of 350 men at Camp Russell, and Capt. Bussell came from Vincennes with about 50 more. Being officered and equipped, they proceeded about the middle of October on horseback, carrying with them 20 days' rations, to Peoria. Capt. Craig was sent with two boats up the Illinois, with provisions and tools to bnild a fort. The little army proceeded to Peoria Lake, where was located a Pottawatomie village. They arrived late HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 67 at night, within a few miles of the village, without their presence being known to the Indians. Four men were sent out that night to reconnoiter the position of the village. The four brave men who volunteered for this perilous service were Thomas Carlin (after ward Governor), and Bobert, Stephen and Davis Whiteside. They proceeded to the village, and explored it and the approaches to it thoroughly, without starting an Indian or provoking the bark of a dog. The low lands between the Indian village and the troops were covered with a rank growth of tall grass, eo high and dense as to readily conceal an Indian on horseback, until within a few feet of him. The ground had become still more yielding by recent rains, rendering it almost impassable by mounted men. To prevent de tection, the soldiers had camped without lighting the usual camp- fires. The men lay down in their cold and cheerless camp, with many misgivings. They well remembered how the skulking sav ages fell upon Harrison's men at Tippecanoe during' the night. To add to their fears, a gun in the hands of a soldier was carelessly discharged, raising great consternation in the camp. AN INDIAN KILLED. Through a dense fog which prevailed the following morning, the army took up its line of march for the Indian town, Capt. Judy with his corps of spies in advance. In the tall grass they came up with an Indian and his squaw, both mounted. The Indian wanted to surrender, but Judy observed that he "did not leave home to take prisoners, ' and instantly shot one of them. With the blood streaming from his mouth and nose, and in his agony "singing the death song," the dying Indian raised his gun, shot and mortally wounded a Mr. Wright, and in a few minutes expired. Many guns were immediately discharged at the other Indian, not then known to be a squaw, all of which missed her. Badly scared, and her hus band killed by her side, the agonizing wails of the squaw were heart-rending. She was taken prisoner, and afterwards* restored to her nation. TOWN BURNED. On Bearing the town a general charge was made, the Indians fleeing to the interior wilderness. Some of their warriors made a stand, when a sharp engagement occurred, but the Indians were routed. In their flight they left behind all their winter's store of 68 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. provisions, which was taken, and their town burned. Some Indian children were found who had been left in the hurried flight, also some disabled adults, one of whom was in a starving condition and with a voracious appetite partook of the bread given him. He is said to have been killed by a cowardly trooper straggling behind, after the main army had resumed its retrograde march, who wanted to be able to boast that he had killed an Indian. About the time Gov. Edwards started with his little band against the Indians, Gen. Hopkins, with 2,000 Kentucky riflemen, left Yincennes to cross the prairies of Illinois and destroy the Indian villages along the Illinois river. Edwards, with his rangers, ex pected to act in concert with Gen. Hopkins' riflemen. After marching 80 or 90 miles into the enemy's country, Gen. Hopkins' men became dissatisfied, and on Oct. 20 the entire army turned and retreated homeward before even a foe had been met. After the victory of the Illinois ranger's they heard nothing of Gen. Hopkins and his 2,000 mounted Kentucky riflemen ; and apprehensive that a large force of warriors would be speedily collected, it was deemed prudent not to protract their stay, and accordingly the retrograde march was commenced the very day of the attack. PEORIA BURNED. The force of Capt. Craig, in charge of the provision boats, was not idle during this time. They proceeded to Peoria, where they were fired on by ten Indians during the night, who immediately fled. Capt. Craig discovered, at daylight, their tracks leading up into the French town. He inquired of the French their where abouts, who denied all knowledge of them, and said they " had heard or seen nothing; " but he took the entire number prisoners, burned and destroyed Peoria, and bore the captured inhabitants away on his boats to a point below the present city of Alton, where he landed and left them in the woods, — men, women, and children, — in the inclement month of November, without shelter, and without food otlier than the slender stores they had themselves gathered up before their departure. They found their way to St. Louis in an almost starving condition. The burning of Peoria and taking its inhabitants prisoners, on the mere suspicion that they sympathized with the Indians, was generally regarded as a needless, if not wanton, act of military power. PONTI AC. THE OTTAWA CHIEF. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 71 SECOND EXPEDITION AGAINST THE INDIANS. In the early part of 1813, the country was put in as good defense as the sparse population admitted. In spite of the precaution taken, numerous depredations and murders were committed by the' In dians, wliich again aroused the whites, and another expedition was sent against the foe, who had collected in large numbers in and around Peoria. This army was composed of about 900 men, collect ed from both Illinois and Missouri, and under command of Gen. Howard. They marched across the broad prairies of Illinois to Peoria, where there was a small stockade in charge of United States troops. Two days previously the Indians made an attack on the fort, but were repulsed. Being in the enemy's country, knowing their stealthy habits, and the troops at no time observing a high de gree of discipline', many unnecessary night alarms occurred, yet the enemy were far away. The army marched up the lake to Chili- cothe, burning on its way two deserted villages. At the present site of Peoria the troops remained in camp several weeks. While there they built a fort, which they named in honor of Gen. George Rogers Clark, who with his brave. Virginians wrested Illinois from the English during the Revolutionary struggle. This fort was de stroyed by fire in 1818. It gave a name to Peoria wliich it wore for several. years. After the building of Fort Crevecceur, in 1680, Peo ria lake was very familiar to Western travel and history; but there is no authentic account of a permanent European settlement there until 1778, when Laville de Meillet, named after its founder, was started. Owing to the quality of the water and its greater salu brity, the location was changed to the present site of Peoria, and by 1796 the old had been entirely abandoned for the new village. After its destruction in 1812 it was not settled again until 1819, and then by American pioneers, though in 1813 Fort Clark was built there. EXPEDITION UP THE MISSISSIPPI. The second campaign against the Indians at Peoria closed with out an engagement, or even a sight of the enemy, yetgi'eat was the benefit derived from it. It showed to the Indians the power and resources of his white foe. Still the calendar of the horrible deeds of butchery of the following year is long and bloody. A joint ex pedition again moved against the Indians in 1814, under Gov. 72 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Clark of Missouri. This time they went up the Mississippi in barges, Prairie du Chien being the point of destination. There they found a small garrison of British troops, which, however, soon fled, as did the inhabitants, leaving Clark in full possession. He im mediately set to work aud erected Fort Shelby. The Governor returned to St. Louis, leaving his men in peaceable possession of the place, but a large force of British and Indians came down upon them, and the entire garrison surrendered. In the mean time Gen. Howard sent 108 men to strengthen the garrison. Of this number 66 were Illinois rangers, under Capts. Rector and Riggs, who oc cupied two boats. The remainder were with Lieut. Campbell. A DESPERATE FIGHT. At Rock Island Campbell was warned to turn back, as an attack was contemplated. The other boats passed on up the river and were some two miles ahead when Campbell's barge was struck by a strong gale wliich forced it against a small island near the Illinois shore. Thinking it best to lie to till the wind abated, sentinels were stationed while the men went ashore to cook breakfast. At this time a large number of Indians on the main shore under Black Hawk commenced an attack. The savages in canoes passed rapidly to the island, and with a war-whoop rushed upon the men, who retreated and sought refuge in the barge. A battle of brisk musketry now ensued between the few regulars aboard the stranded barge and the hordes of Indians under cover of trees on the island, with severe loss to the former. Meanwhile Capt. Rector and Riggs, ahead with their barges, seeing the smoke of battle, attempted to return; but in the strong gale Riggs' boat became unmanageable and was stranded on the rapids. Rector, to avoid a similar disaster, let go his anchor. The rangers, however, opened with good aim and telling effect upon the savages. The unequal combat having raged for some time and about closing, the commander's barge, with many wounded and several dead on board, — among the former of whom, very badly, was Campbell himself, — was discovered to be on fire. Now Rector and his brave Illinois rangers, comprehending the horrid situation, performed, without delay, as cool and heroic a deed— and did it well— as ever imperiled the life of mortal man. In the howling gale, in full view of hundreds of infuriated savages* and within range of their rifles, they deliberately raised anchor, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 73 lightened their barge by casting overboard quantifies of provisions, and guided it with the utmost labor down the swift current, to the windward of the burning barge, and under the galling fire of the enemy rescued all the survivors, and removed the wounded and dying to their vessel. This was a deed of noble daring and as heroic as any performed during the war in the West. Rector hur ried with his over-crowded vessel to St. Louis. It was now feared that Riggs and his company were captured and sacrificed by the savages. His vessel, which was strong and well armed, was for a time surrounded by the Indians, but the whites on the inside were well sheltered. The wind becoming allayed in the evening, the boat, under cover of the night, glided safely down the river without the loss of a single man. STILL ANOTHER EXPEDITION. Notwithstanding the disastrous termination of the two expedi tions already sent out, during the year 1814, still another was pro jected. It was under Maj. Zachary Taylor, afterward President. Rector and Whiteside, with the Illinoisan, were in command of boats. The expedition passed Rock Island unmolested, when it was learned the country was not only swarming with Indians, but that the English were there in command with a detachment of regu lars and artillery. The advanced boats in command of Rector, White side and Hempstead, turned about and began to descend the rapids, fighting with great gallantry the hordes of the enemy, who were pouring their fire into them from the shore at every step. Near the mouth of Rock river Maj. Taylor anchored his fleet out in the Mississippi. During the night the English planted a battery of six pieces down at the water's edge, to sink or disable the boats, and filled the islands with red -skins to butcher the whites, who might, unarmed, seek refuge there. But in this scheme they were frustrated. In the morning Taylor ordered all the force, except 20 boatmen on each vessel, to the upper island to dislodge the enemy. The order was executed with great gallantry, the island scoured, many of the savages killed, and the rest driven to the lower island. In the meantime the British cannon told with effect upon the fleet. The men rushed back and the boats were dropped down the stream out of range of the cannon. Capt. Rector was now ordered with his company to make a sortie on the lower island, which he did, 74 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. driving the Indians back among the willows ; but they being re-in- forced, in turn hurled Rector back upon the sand-beach., A council of officers called by Taylor had by this time decided that their force was too small to contend with the enemy, who outnumbered them three to one, and the boats were in full retreat down the river. As Rector attempted to get under way his boat grounded, and the savages, with demoniac yells, surrounded it, when a most desperate hand-to-hand conflict ensued. The gallant ranger, Samuel Whiteside, observing the imminent peril of his brave Illinois comrade, Went immediately to his rescue, who but for his timely aid would undoubtedly have been overpowered, with all his force, and murdered. Thus ended the last, like the two previous expeditions up the Mississippi during the war of 1812, in defeat and disaster. The enemy was in undisputed posession of all the country north of the Illinois river, and the prospects respecting those territories boded nothing but gloom. With the approach of winter, however, Indian depredations ceased to be committed, and the peace of Ghent, Dec. 24, 1814, .closed the war. ILLINOIS AS A STATE. ORGANIZATION. In January of 1818 the Territorial Legislature forwarded to Nathaniel Pope, delegate in Congress from Illinois, a petition pray ing for admission into the national Union as a State. On April 18th of the same year Congress passed the enabling act, and Dec. 3, after the State government had been organized and Gov. Bond had signed the Constitution, Congress by a resolution declared Illi nois to be "one of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects." The ordinance of 1787 declared that there should be at least three States carved out of the Northwestern Territory. The boundaries of the three, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, were fixed by this law. Congress reserved the power, however, of forming two other States out of the territory which lies north of an east and west line drawn through the southern boundary of Lake Michigan. It was generally conceded that this line would be the northern boundary of Illinois ; HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 75 but as this would give the State no coast on Lake Michigan; and rob her of the port of Chicago and the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal which was then contemplated, Judge Pope had the northern boundary moved fifty miles further north. BOUNDARY CHANGED. Not only is Illinois indebted to Nathaniel Pope for the port where now enter and depart more vessels- during the year than in any other port in the world, for the northern terminus of the Illinois & Michigan canal, aud for the lead mines at Galena, but the nation, the undivided Union, is largely indebted to him for its perpetuity. It was he, — his foresight, statesmanship and energy, — that bound our confederated Union with bands of iron that can never be broken. The geographical position of Illinois, with her hundreds of miles of water-courses, is such as to make her the key to the grand arch of Northern and Southern States. Extending from the great chain of lakes on the north, with snow and ice of the arctic region, to the cotton-fields of Tennessee ; peopled, as it is, by almost all races, classes and conditions of the human family ; guided by the various and diversified political, agricultural, religious and educational teachings common to both North and South, — Illinois can control, and has controlled, the destinies of our united and beloved republic. Pope seemingly foresaw that a struggle to dissolve the Union would be made. With a prophetic eye he looked down the stream of time for a half century and saw the great conflict between the South and North, caused by a determination to dissolve the confederation of States; and to preserve tho Union, he gave to Illinois a lake coast. Gov. Ford, in his History of Illinois, written in 1847, while speaking of this change of boundary and its influence upon our nation, says: "What, then, was the duty of the national Government? Illinois was certain to be a great State, with any boundaries which that Government could give. Its great extent of territory, its unrivaled fertility of soil and capacity for sustaining a dense population, together with its commanding position, would in course of time give the new State a very controlling influence with her sister States situated upon the Western rivers, either in sustaining the federal Union as it is, or in dissolving it and establishing new gov ernments. If left entirely upon the waters of these great rivers, it 76 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. was plain that, in case of threatened disruption, the interest of the new State would be to join a Southern and Western confederacy; but if a large portion of it could be made dependent upon the com merce and navigation of the great northern lakes, connected as they are with the Eastern States, a rival interest would be created to check the wish for a Western and Southern confederacy. " It therefore became the duty of the national Government not only to make Illinois strong, but to raise an interest inclining and binding her to the Eastern and Northern portions of the Union. This could be done only through an interest in the lakes. At that time the commerce on the lakes was small, but its increase was con fidently expected, and, indeed, it has exceeded all anticipations, and is yet only in its infancy. To accomplish this object effectually, it was not only necessary to give to Illinois the port of Chicago and a route for the canal, but a considerable coast on Lake Michigan, with a country back of it sufficiently extensive to contain a popu lation capable of exerting a decided influence upon the councils of the State. " Tliere would, therefore, be a large commerce of the north, west ern and central portion of the State afloat on the lakes, for it was then foreseen that the canal would be made; and this alone would be like turning one of the many mouths of the Mississippi into Lake Michigan at Chicago. A very large commerce of the center and south would be found both upon the lakes and rivers. Asso ciations in business, in interest, and of friendship would be formed,. both with the North and the South. A State thus situated, having such a decided interest in the commerce, and in the preservation of the whole confederacy, can never consent to disunion ; for the Union cannot be dissolved without a division and disruption of the State itself. These views, urged by Judge Pope, obtained the unquali fied assent of the statesmen of 1818. " These facts and views are worthy to be recorded in history as a standing and perpetual call upon Illinoisansj of every age to remember the great trust which has been reposed in them, as the peculiar champions and guardians of the Union by the great men and patriot sages who adorned and governed this country in the earlier and better days of the Republic." During the dark and trying days of the Rebellion, well did she remember this sacred trust, to protect which two hundred thousand HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 77 of her sons went to the bloody field of battle, crowning their arms with the laurels of war, and keeping inviolate the solemn obliga tions bequeathed to them by their fathers. FIRST CONSTITUTION. In July and August of 1818 a convention was held at Kaskaskia for the purpose of drafting a- constitution. This constitution was not submitted to a vote of the people for their approval or rejection, it being well known that they would approve it. It was about the first organic law of any State in the Union to abolish imprisonment for debt. The first election under the constitution was held on the third Thursday and the two succeeding days in September, 1818. Shadrach Bond was elected Governor, and Pierre Menard Lieuten ant Governor. Their term of office extended four years. At this time che State was divided into fifteen counties, the population being about 40,000. Of this number by far the larger portion were from the Southern States. The salary of the Governor was $1,000, while that of the Treasurer was $500. The Legislature re-enacted, ver batim, the Territorial Code, the penalties of which were unneces sarily severe. Whipping, stocks, and pillory were used for minor offenses, and for arson, rape, horse-stealing, etc., death by hanging was the penalty. These laws, however, were modified in 1821. The Legislature first convened at Kaskaskia,' the ancient seat of empire for more than one hundred and fifty years, both for the French and Americans. . Provisions were made, however, for the removal of the seat of government by this Legislature. A place in the wilderness on the Kaskaskia river was selected and named Vandalia. From Vandalia it was removed to Springfield in the year 1837. DERIVATION OF THE NAME ILLINOIS. The name of this beautiful "Prairie State" is derived from Illini, an Indian word signifying superior men. It has a French termination, and is a symbol of the manner in which the two races, the French and Indians, were intermixed during the early history of the country. The appellation was no doubt well applied to the primitive inhabitants of the soil, wliose prowess in savage warfare long withstood the combined attacks of the fierce Iroquois on the one side, and the no less savage aud relentless Sacs and Foxes on the other. The Illinois were once a powerful confederacy, occupying the most beautiful and fertile region in the great valley of the 78 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Mississippi, which their enemies coveted and struggled long and hard to wrest from them. By the fortunes of war they were dimin ished in number and finally destroyed. " Starved Rock," on the Illinois river, according to tradition, commemorates their last trag edy, where, it is said, the entire tribe starved rather than surrender. The low cognomen of " Sucker," as- applied to Ulinoisans, is said to have had its origin at the Galena lead mines. In an early day, when these extensive mines were being worked, men would run up the Mississippi river in steamboats in the spring, work the lead mines, and in the fall return, thus establishing, as was supposed, asim- ilitude between their migratory habits and those of the fishy tribe called "Suckers." For this reason the Ulinoisans have ever since been distinguished by the epithet " Suckers." Those who stayed at the mines over winter were mostly from Wisconsin, and were called " Badgers." One spring the Missourians poured into the mines in such numbers that the State was said to have taken a puke, and the offensive appellation of " Pukes " was afterward applied to all. Missourians. The southern part of the State, known as " Egypt," received this appellation because, being older, better settled and cultivated, grain was had in greater abundance than in the central and northern por tion, and the immigrants of this region, after the manner of the children of Israel, went " thither to buy and to bring from thence that they might live and not die." STATE BANK. The Legislature, during the latter years of territorial existence, granted charters to several banks. The result was that paper money became very abundant, times flush, and credit unlimited; and every body invested to the utmost limit of his credit, with confident expectation of realizing a handsome advance before the expiration of his credit, from the throng of immigrant's then pouring into the country^ By 1819 it became apparent that a day of reckoning would approach before their dreams of fortune could be realized. Banks everywhere began to waver, paper money became depreci ated, and gold and silver driven out of the country. The Legisla ture sought to bolster up the times by incorporating the " Bank of Illinois," which, with several branches, was created by the ses sion of 1821. This bank, being wholly supported by the credit of the State, was to issue one, two, three, five, ten and twenty-dollar HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 79 notes. It was the duty of the bank to advance, upon personal prop erty, money to the amount of $100, and a larger amount upon real estate. All taxes and public salaries could be paid in such bills; and if a creditor refused to take them, he had to wait three years longer before he could collect his debt. The people imagined that simply because the government had issued the notes, they would remain at par; and although this evidently could not be the case, they were yet so infatuated with their project as actually to request the United States government to receive them in payment for their public lands! Although tliere were not wanting men who, like John McLean, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, fore saw the dangers and evils likely to arise from the creation of such a bank, by far the greater part of the people were in favor of it. The new bank was therefore started. The new issue of bills by the bank of course only aggravated the evil, heretofore so grievously felt, of the absence of specie, so that the people were soon com pelled to cut tlieir bills in halves and quarters, in order to make small change in trade. Finally the paper currency so rapidly depre ciated that three dollars in these bills were considered worth only one in specie, and the State not only did not increase its revenue, but lost full two-thirds of it, and expended three times the amount required to pay the expenses of the State government. lafayette's visit. In the spring of 1825 the brave and generous LaFayette visited Illinois, accepting the earnest invitation of the General Assembly, and an affectionately written letter of Gov. Cole's, who had formed his personal acquaintance in France in 1817. The General in reply said: " It has been my eager desire, and it is now my earnest inten tion, to visit the Western States, and particularly the State of Illi nois. The feelfhgs which your distant welcome could not fail to excite have increased that patriotic eagerness to admire on that blessed spot the happy and rapid results of republican institutions, public and domestic virtues. I shall, after the 22d of February (anniversary day), leave here for a journey to the Southern States, and from New Orleans to the Western States, so as to return to Boston on the 14th of June, when the corner-stone of the Bunker Hill monument is to bo laid, — a ceremony sacred to the whole Union and in which I have been engaged to act a peculiar and honorable part." 80 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. General LaFayette and suite, attended by a large delegation of prominent citizens of Missouri, made a visit by the steamer Natch ez to the ancient town of Kaskaskia. No military parade was attempted, but a multitude of patriotic citizens made him welcome. A reception was held, Gov. Cole delivering a glowing address of welcome. During the progress of a grand ball held that night, a very interesting interview took place between the honored General and an Indian squaw whose father had served under him in the Bevolutionary war. The squaw, learning that the great white chief was to be at Kaskaskia on that night, had ridden all day, from early dawn till sometime in the night, from her distant home, to see the man whose name had been so often on her father's tongue, and with which she was so familiar. In identification of her claim to his distinguished acquaintance, she brought with her an old, worn letter which the General had written to her father, and which the Indian chief had preserved with great care, and finally bequeathed on his death-bed to his daughter as the most precious legacy he had to leave her. By 12 o'clock at night Gen. LaFayette returned to his boat and started South. The boat was chartered by the State. EARLY GOVERNORS. In the year 1822 the term of office of the first Governor, Shadrach Bond, expired. Two parties sprung up at this time,— one fayorable, the other hostile, to the introduction of slavery, each proposing a candidate of its own for Governor. Both parties worked hard to secure the election of tlieir respective candidates; but the people at large decided, as they ever have been at heart, in favor of a free State. Edward Coles, an anti-slavery man, was elected, although a majority of the Legislature were opposed to him. The subject of principal interest during his administration was to make Illinois a slave State. The greatest effort was made in 1824, and the propo sition was defeated at the polls by a majority of 1,800. The aggre gate vote polled was 11,612, being about 6,000 larger than at the previous State election. African slaves were first introduced into Illinois in 1720 by Renault, a Frenchman. Senator Duncan, afterward Governor, presented to the Legisla ture of 1824-5 a bill for the support of schools by a public tax ; aud William S. Hamilton presented another bill requiring a tax to be HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 81 used for the purpose of constructing and repairing the road's, — both of which bills passed aud became laws. But although these laws conferred an incalculable benefit upon the public, the very name of a tax was so odious to the people that, rather than pay a tax of the smallest possible amount, they preferred working as they formerly did, five days during the year on the roads, and would allow their children to grow up without any instruction at all. Consequently both laws were abolished in 1826. In the year 1826 the office of Governor became again vacant. Ninian Edwards, Adolphus F. Hubbard and Thomas C. Sloe were candidates. Edwards, though the successful candidate, had made himself many enemies by urging strict inquiries to be made into the corruption of the State bank, so that had it not been for his talents and noble personal appearance, he would most probably not have been elected. Hubbard was a man of but little personal merit. Of him tradition has preserved, among other curious sayings, a 6peech on a bill granting a bounty on wolf-scalps. This speech, delivered before the Legislature, is as follows: "Mr. Speaker, I rise before the question is put on this bill, to say a word for my constit uents. Mr. Speaker, I have never seen a wolf. I cannot say that I am very well acquainted with the nature and habits of wolves. Mr. Speaker, I have said that I had never seen a wolf; but now I remember that once on a time, as Judge Brown and I were riding across the Bonpas prairie, we looked over the prairie about three miles, and Judge Brown said, ' Hubbard, look! there goes a wolf; ' and I looked, and I looked, and I looked, and I said, ' Judge, where?' and he said, 'There!' And I looked again, and this time in the edge of a hazel thicket,- about three miles across the prairie, I think I saw the wolf's tail. Mr. Speaker, if I did not see a wolf that time, I think I never saw one; but I have heard much, and read more, about this animal. I have studied his natural history. "By the bye, history is divided into two parts. There is first the history of the fabulous; and secoudly, of the non-fabulous, or unknown age. Mr. Speaker, from all these sources of information I learn that the wolf is a very noxious animal; that he goes prowl ing about, seeking something to devour; that he rises up in the dead and secret hours of night, when all nature reposes in silent oblivion, and then commits the most terrible devastation upon the rising generation of hogs and sheep. g2 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. " Mr . S'2' HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 139 Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within tho State, and sent to the field, commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31, 1865, with number of regiment, name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United States' service place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. INFANTRY. 64 67 Commanding officer at organiza tion. 100 101 102103 104J!!B10610°10R109"0"1}'a113 114 115116 117118 119120 12112!13h124 125 12612712S129130 131132133 134185 Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Aug. 21, 1862.. Sept. 4, 1862... Sept. 2. 1862. . Aug. 22, 1862. ?Sept. 3, 1863.. Sept. 1, 1862... Aug. 28, 1862.. Aug. 25, 1862... Aug. 26, 1862.. Aug. 21, 1862.. Sept. 1, 1862.. Aug. 27, 1862. Col. Frederick A. Starring Jas. F. Jaquess Jason Marsh George Ryan Alonzo W. Mack David P. Grier W. H. Bennison Lyman Guinnip Thos. G. Mien Jas. J. Dollins Frederick Hecker Abner C. Harding Louis H. Waters Roberts. Moore David D. Irons John E. Whiting F. T. Shermau John Christopher Timothy O'Mera Henry M.Day Smith D. Atkins Holden Putnam Wm. W.Orme Lawr'n S. Church Thos. E. Champion F. S. Rutherford J. J. Funkhonser G. W. K. Bailey Fred. A. Bartleson Chas. H. Fox Wm. McMurtry Amos C. Babcock Absalom B. Moore Daniel Dustin Eobert B. Latham Thomas Snell John Warner Alex. J. Nimmo Thos. S Casey James S. Martiu T.J. Henderson ,. Geo. B. Hoge James W. Judy. Jesse H. Moore " Nathan H. Tapper. " RiMen M.Moore " John G.Fonda , " Thos. J Kenney " George W. McKeaig Never organized 1 'ol. John I. Rinaker " James Moore < ... " Thomis J. Sloan " Oscar F. Harmon " Jonathan Richmond. . . . " John Van Arman " Robert M. Hud'ey " George P. Smith '' Nathaniel Niles " George W. Neelev " Thomas C. Pickett " Thad. Phillips " W. W McChesney " JohnS. Wolfe IJnne 6,1864 Sept 22, 1862 Aug. 27, 1862 *Aug 25,186-' Nov? 22, 1862 Sept. 8, 1862 Sept. 4,1862 Oct. 13,1862 Aug. 20, 1862 Sept. 4,1862 Sept. 6, 1862 Sept. 8, 1862 Sept. 3, 1862 Aug. 26, 1863 Aug. 30,1862 Sept. 2,1862 Oct, 2, 1862. . . Aug. 27, 1863. Sept. 2, 1862. Sept. 17, 1862. Sept. 4.1862.. Aug. 28, 1862. . Sept. 11, 1861. Sept. 18, 1862. Sept. 12,1862.. Oct. 1. 1862. . . . Sept. 18, 1862.. Sept. 13, 1862.. Sept. 30 1862.. Sept. 19, 1862. . Nov 29.1862. Oct. 7, 1863... Oct. 29, 1862... Sept. 4,1832.. «ept. 6 IP62 . Sept. 10 1862. Sept. 4. 1862.. *Sept. 5.1863. Dec 18. 1862.. Sept. B. 1862.. Oct. 25. 1865.. Nov. 13,1862.. Junel, 1864... May 31,1864... Place where mustered into the United States service. Camp Douglas Camp Butler Rockford Dixon Kankakee Peoria.., Quincy Danville Oeutralia Anna CampButler Monmouth Quincy , Peoria Peoria Shawneetown Camp Douglas , Camp Douglas Camp Douglas Camp Butler Rockford Princeton and Chicago. Bloomington Rockford Rockford Camp Butler Centralia Florence, Pike Co., Joliet Jacksonville Knoxville peoria Ottawa Chicago Lincoln CampButler Peoria Anna Anna Sa'em Peoria Camp Douglas CampButler Camp Butler Decatur CampButler CampButler Quincy Camp Butler Oarlinville...... Mattoou Onmp Butler... Danville Chicago Camp Doufflas. Camp Butler... Pontiac Camp But'er... Oamp Massac. CampFry Camp Butler. Camp Fry Mattoou 1471 987 11101051 1038 974928 > 1187 961 1286 956959 903 994907 1-85 958 10411265 1036109114271206 10821078 930921911998917 977 1001 1097 944927967 1095 1258 990 960 952995 1101 952844 934 1050 1130 957816 1011 853 85 1 878 140 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. ar_T„T.nrB_showin„ statement of volunteer troops organized within the State, and sent to the S commencing2 April ™8B1, and ending December 31, 1865, with number o( regiment, name %.'.=_.™T .™^T.„Jin« nfflcnr. date of organization and muBter into United States' service. of ordinal commanding officer, date of organization and muBter place of muster, and the aggregate strength of each organization. service, a Commanding officer at organiza tion. Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Place where mustered into the United States service. > » -1Q D n ftf 13 131138139 140 141142 148 144145146147148 149110 151 153 842 June 21, 1864 Juuel. 1864... 849 6:15 878 June 18, 1864 871 " Rollin V. Aukney June 16, 1864 848 651 865 1159 Oct. 21,'l864.. 8S0 1056104? Sept. 20, 1864 Feb.18,1865 Feb 11, 1865 917 963 Feb. 14, 1865 934 Feb. 25, 1865 Feb. 18, 1865 Feb. 27 1855 970 945 1076 154 155 " Gustavns A. Smith 991 929 March 9. 1865 975 Dec. 1, 1861 June 21, 1864 June 15, 1864 985 903 91 90 66 CAVALRY. Col. Thomas A. Marshall " Silas Nob'e " Eugene A. Carr " T. LyleDickey • " John J. Updegraff " Thomas II. Cavanaugh . ... " Wm. Pitt Kellogg " J ohn F. FnrnswoYtb " Albert G. Bracken " James A. Barrett " Robert G. Ingersoll " AruoVo"s " Joseph W.Bell " Horace Capron " Vi arrcn Stewart " Christian Thielman " John L. Beveridge '63 June, 1861 Aug. 24, " .Sept. 21, "... Sept. 30. " .... December " .- Nov., '61, Jan.. August, '61 "ept. 18, '61 Oct. 26, '61 Nov. 25,'61 Dec. 20, '61 Dec, '61, Feb.. '62.. Jan. 7, '63 Organized Dec. 25, ' ¦Tan. aud April, '63. Jan. 28, '64 Bloomington... Camp Butler... Camp Butler... Ottawa Camp Bu^er... Camp Butler... Camp Butler. . . St. lharles.. ... Camp Douglas. Camp Butler... Peoria Camp Butler. . Camp Douglas. Peoria Camp Butler... Camp Butler... St. Charles FIRST REGIMENT-ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTILLERY. Co A B C I) E F G H I K L M Field Capt. and stuff. CM. Willard Ezra Taylor C. naughtalin" Edward McAllister. A. C. Wnterhonse.. John T Cheney .. . Arthur O'Leary Axel Siiversparr Edward Bnuton A. Franklin John Rourke John B.Miller Recruits Oct. 31,1861. Tan. 14, 62... Dec. 19, 'HI... Feb. 25, -62.. Feb. 28. '62 Feb. 20, '62. . Feb. 15, '62... Tan. 9, '62.... Feb. 22, '62.. Aug. 12, '62 Chicago Chicago Ottawa Plainfield Chicago Camp Butler. . . Cairo Chicago Chicago Shawneetown . Chicaeo Chicago HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 141 Schedule— Showing statement of volunteer troops organized within the State and sent to the field commencing April, 1861, and ending December 31. 1865, with number of regiment name of original commanding officer, date of organization and muster into United States service place of muster, aud the aggregate strength of each organization. ' LIGHT ARTILLERY. Commanding officer at organiza tion, Date of organization and muster into the United States service. Place where mustered into the United States service. SECOND REGIMENT— ILLINOIS LIGHT ARTILLERY. > . 3 -t Capt. Peter Davidson Riley Madison Caleb Hopkins Jasper M. Dresser. Adolph Schwartz John W.Powell... Charles J. Stolbrand. Andrew Steinbeck... Charles W. Keith. .. Benjamin F. RogcrB. William H Bolton... JohnC. Phillips Field and Staff . Recrujts Aug. 1 7, 1861 . June 20, '61... Aug. 5, -61.... Dec. 17, '61... Feb. 1, '62 Dec. 11, '61.... Dec. 31, '61.,.. Feb. 28, '62. June 6, '62. Peoria Springfield Cairo Cairo Cairo Cape Girardeau, Mo.. Camp Butler Camp Butler. Camp Butler Camp Butler Chicago Chicago 116127 154 117 136 190108115 107 108145 100 10 1171 INDEPENDENT BATTERIES. Board of Trade Springfield. . . . Mercantile....Elgin Coggswell's. . . Henshaw's....Bridges' ..... Colvin 's Busteed's Capt. James S. Stokes Thomas F. Vaughn. . . Charles G. Cooley George W. Reuwick. . William Coggswell . . . Ed. C. Henshaw Lyman Bridges John H. Colvin July 31, 1862. Aug. 21, '62.. Aug. 29. '62.. Nov. 15, '62.. Sept 23, '61.. Oct. 15. '62... •Ian. 1, 62.... Oct. 10, '63. . . Chicago Camp Butler... Chicago Elgin Camp Douglas. Ottawa Chicago Chicago Chicago 258 199 270242221 196 232 91 127 RECAPITULATION. Infantry 185,941 Cavalry 32082 Artillery 7,277 DUELS. The code of chivalry so common among Southern gentlemen and so frequently brought into use in settling personal differences has also been called to settle the " affairs of honor " in our own State, however, but few times, and those in the earlier days. Several attempts at duels have occurred; before the disputants met in mortal combat the differences wore amicably and satisfactorily settled; honor was maintained without the sacrifice of life. In 1810 a law was adopted to suppress the practice of dueling. This law held the fatal result of dueling to be murder, and, as it was intended, had the effect of making it odious and dishonorable. Prior to the constitution of 1848, parties would evade the law by 142 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. going beyond the jurisdiction of the State to engage in their con tests of honor. At that time they incorporated in the Constitution an oath of office, which was so broad as to cover the whole world. Any person who had ever fought a duel, ever sent or accepted a challenge or acted the part of second was disfranchised from holding office, even of minor importance. After this went into effect, no other duel or attempt at a duel has been engaged in within the State of Illinois, save those fought by parties living outside of the State, who came here to settle their personal differences. THE FIRST DUEL. ¦ ' The first duel fought within the boundaries of this great State was between two young military officers, one of the French and the other of the English army, in the year 1765. It was at the time the British troops came to take possession of Fort Chartres, and a woman was the cause of it. The affair occurred early Sunday morning, near the old fort. They fought with swords, and in the combat one sacrificed his life. BOND AND JONES. In 1809 the next duel occurred and was bloodless of itself, but out of it grew a quarrel which resulted in the assassination of one of the contestants. The principals were Shadrach Bond, the first Governor, and Rice Jones, a bright young lawyer, who became quite a politician and the leader of his party. A personal difference arose between the two, which to settle, the parties met for mortal combat on an island in the Mississippi. The weapons selected were hair- trigger pistols. After taking their position Jones' weapon was prematurely discharged. Bond's second, Dunlap, now claimed that according to the code Bond had the right to the next fire. But Bond would not take so great advantage of his opponent, and said it was an accident and would not fire. Such noble conduct touched the generous nature of Jones, and the difficulty was at once amicably settled. Dunlap, however, bore a deadly hatred for Jones, and one day while he was standing in the street in Kaskaskia, conversing with a lady, he crept up behind him and shot him dead in his tracks. Dunlap successfully escaped to Texas. RECTOR AND BARTON. In 1812 the bloody code again brought two young men to the field of honor. They were Tliomas Rector, a son of Capt. Stephen ILLINOIS ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE MINDED CHILDREN, AT LINCOLN. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 145 Rector who bore such a noble part in the war of 1812, and Joshua Barton. They had espoused the quarrel of older brothers. The affair occurred on Bloody Island, in the Mississippi, but in the limits of Illinois. This place was frequented so often by Missou rians to settle personal difficulties, that it received the name of Bloody Island. Barton fell in this conflict. STEWART AND BENNETT. In 1819 occurred the first duel fought after the admission of the State into the Union. This took place in St. Clair county between Alphonso Stewart and "William Bennett. It was intended to be a sham duel, to turn ridicule against Bennett, the challenging party- Stewart was in the secret but Bennett was left to believe it a reality. Their guns were loaded with blank cartridges. Bennett, suspecting a trick, put a ball into his gun without the knowledge of his seconds. The word " fire " was given, and Stewart fell mortally wounded. Bennett made his escape but was subsequently captured, convicted of murder and suffered the penalty of the law by hanging. PEARSON AND BAKER. In 1840 a personal difference arose between two State Senators, judge Pearson and E. D. Baker. The latter, smarting under the epithet of 'f falsehood," threatened to chastise Pearson in the public streets, by a " fist fight. " Pearson declined making a "blackguard'' of himself but intimated a readiness to fight as gentlemen, accord ing to the code of honor. The affair, however, was carried no further. HARDIN AND DODGE. The exciting debates in the Legislature in 1840-'41 were often bitter in personal "slings," and threats of combats were not infrequent. During these debates, in one of the speeches by the Hon. J. J. Hardin, Hon. A. R. Dodge thought he discovered a personal insult, took exceptions, and an " affair " seemed imminent. The controversy was referred to friends, however, and amicably settled. M'CLERNAND AND SMITH. Hon. John A. McClernand, a member of the House, in a speech delivered during the same session made charges against the Whig Judges of the Supreme Court, This brought a, note from Judge 146 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. T. W. Smith, by the hands of his "friend" Dr. Merriman, to McClernand. This was construed as a challenge, and promptly accepted, naming the place of meeting to be Missouri; time, early; the weapons, rifles; and distance, 40 paces. At this' critical junc- ture, the Attorney General had a warrant issued against the Judge, whereupon he was arrested and placed under bonds to keep the peace. Thus ended this attempt to vindicate injured honor. LINCOLN AND SHIELDS. During the hard times subsequent to the failure of the State and other banks, in 1842, specie became scarce while State money was plentiful, but worthless. The State officers thereupon demanded specie payment for taxes. This was bitterly opposed, and so fiercely contested that the collection of taxes was suspended. During the period of the greatest indignation toward the State officials, under the nom de plume of " Rebecca," Abraham Lincoln had an article published in the Sangamo Journal, entitled " Lost Township." -In this article, written in the form of a dialogue, the officers of the State were roughly handled, and especially Auditor Shields. The name of the author was demaded from the editor by Mr. Shields, who was very indignant over the manner in which he was treated. The name of Abraham Lincoln was given as the author. It is claimed by some of his biographers, however, that the article was prepared by a lady, and that when the name of the author was demanded, in a spirit of gallantry, Mr. Lincoln gave his name. In company with Gen. Whiteside, Gen. Shields pur sued Lincoln to Tremont, Tazewell county, where he was in attend ance upon the court, and immediately sent him a note "requiring a full, positive and absolute retraction of all offensive allusions" made to him in relation to his "private character and standing as a man, or ah apology for the insult conveyed." Lincoln had been forewarned, however, for William Butler and Dr. Merriman, of Springfield, had become acquainted with Shields' intentions and by riding all night arrived at Tremont ahead of Shields and informed Lincoln what he might expect. Lincoln answered Shields' note, refusing to offer any explanation, on the grounds that Shields' note assumed the fact of his (Lincoln's) authorship of the article, and not pointing out what the offensive part was, and accompanying the same with threats as to consequences. Mr. Shields answered, this, disavowing all intention to menace; inquired if he was the author, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 147 asked a retraction of that portion relating to his private character. Mr. Lincoln, still technical, returned this note with the verbal statement " that there could be no further negotiations until the first note was withdrawn." At this Shields named Gen. White side as his " friend," when Lincoln reported Dr. Merriman as his "friend." These gentlemen secretly pledged themselves to agree upon some amicable terms, and compel their principals to accept them. The four went to Springfield, when Lincoln left for Jack sonville, leaving the following instructions to guide his friend, Dr. Merriman: " In case Whiteside shall signify a wish to adjust this affair with out further difficulty, let him know that if the present papers be withdrawn and a note from Mr. Shields, asking to know if I am the author of the articles of which he complains, and asking that I shall make him gentlemanly satisfaction, if I am the author, and this without menace or dictation as to what that satisfaction shall be, a pledge is made that the following answer shall be given: I did write the " IAst Township " letter which appeared in the Journal of the 2d inst., but had no participation, in any form, in any other article alluding to you. I wrote that wholly for political effect. I had no intention of injuring your personal or private character or standing, as a man or gentleman ; and I did not then think, and do not now think, that that article could produce or has pro duced that effect against you ; and, had I anticipated such an effect, would have foreborne to write it. And I will add that your conduct toward me, so far as I know, had always been gentlemanly, and that I had no personal pique against you, and no cause for any. "If this should be done, I leave it to you to manage what shall and what shall not be published. If nothing like this is done, the preliminaries of the fight are to be: " 1st. Weapons. — Cavalry broad swords of the largest size, pre cisely equal in all respects, aud such as are now used by the cavalry company at Jacksonville. "2d. Position. — A plank ten feet long and from nine to twelve inches broad, to be firmly fixed on edge, on the ground, as a line between us which neither is to pass his foot over on forfeit of his life. Next a line drawn on the ground on either side of said plank, and parallel with it, each at the distance of the whole length of the sword, and three feet additional from the plank; and the passing of his own such line by either party during the fight, shall be deemed a surrender of the contest. 148 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. "3d. Time. — On Thursday evening at 5 o'clock, if you can get it so ; but in no case to be at a greater distance of time than Friday evening at 5 o'clock. "4th. Place. — Within three miles of Alton, on the opposite side of the river, the particular spot to be agreed on by you. " Any preliminary details coming within the above rules, you are at liberty to make at your discretion, but you are in no case to swerve from these rules, or pass beyond their limits." The position of the contestants, as prescribed by Lincoln, seems to have been such as both would have been free from coming in contact with the sword of the other, and the first impression is that it is nothing more than one of Lincoln's jokes. He possessed very long arms, however, and could reach his adversary at the stipulated distance. Not being amicably arranged, all parties repaired to the field of combat in Missouri. Gen. Hardin and Dr. English, as mutual friends of both Lincoln and Shields, arrived in the meantime, and after much correspondence at their earnest solicitation the affair was satisfactorily arranged, Lincoln making a statement similar to the one above referred to. SHIELDS AND BUTLER. William Butler, one of Lincoln's seconds, was dissatisfied with the bloodless termination of the Lincoln-Shields affair, and wrote an account of it for the Sangamo Journal. This article reflected dis creditably upon both the principals engaged in that controversy, Shields replied by the hands of his friend Gen. Whiteside, in a curt, menacing note, which was promptly accepted as a challenge by Butler, and the inevitable Dr. Merriman named as his friend, who submitted the following as preliminaries of the fight: Time. — Sunrise on the following morning. Place. — Col. Allen's farm (about one mile north of State House.) Weapons. — Rifles. Distance. — One hundred yards. The parties to stand with their right sides toward each other— the rifles to be held in both hands horizontally and cocked, arms extended downwards. Neither party to move his person or his rifle after being placed, before the word fire. The signal to be: "Are you ready? Fire! one— two— three 1" about a second of HISTORY,, OF ILLINOIS. 149 time intervening between each word. Neither party to fire before the word " fire," nor after the word " three." Gen. Whiteside, in language curt and abrupt, addressed a note to Dr. Merriman declining to accept the terms. Gen. Shields, how ever, addressed another note to Butler, explaining the feelings of his second, and offering to go out to a lonely place on the prairie to fight, where tliere would be no danger of being interrupted; or, if that did not suit, he would meet him on his own conditions, when and where he pleased. Butler claimed the affair was closed and declined the proposition. WHITESIDE AND MERRIMAN. Now Gen. Whiteside and Dr. Merriman, who several times had acted in the capacity of friends or seconds, were to handle the deadly weapons as principals. While second in the Shields-Butler fiasco, Whiteside declined the terms proposed by Butler, in curt and abrupt language, stating that the place of combat could not be dictated to hiniy for it was as much his right as Merriman's, who, if he was a gentleman, would recognize and concede it. To this Merriman replied by the hands of Capt. Lincoln. It will be remembered that Merriman had acted in the same capacity for Lin coln. Whiteside then wrote to Merriman, asking to meet him at St. Louis, when he would hear from him further. To this Merri man replied, denying his right to name place, but offered to meet in Louisiana, Mo. This Whiteside would not agree to, but later signified his desire to meet him there, but the affair being closed, the doctor declined to re-open it. PRATT AND CAMPBELL. These two gentlemen were members of the Constitutional Con vention of 1847, and both from Jo Davies count/. A dispute arose which ended in a challenge to meet on the field of lionor. They both repaired to St. Louis, but the authorities gaining knowledge of their bloody intentions, had both parties arrested, which ended this " affair." DRESS AND MANNERS. The dress, habits, etc., of a people throw so much light upon their conditions and limitations that in order better to show the circum stances surrounding the people of the State, we will give a short 150 HISTORY OF JLLINOIS. exposition of the manner of life of our Illinois people at different epochs. The Indians themselves are credited by Charlevoix with being "very laborious,"— raising poultry, spinning the woo) of the buffalo and manufacturing garments therefrom. These must have been, however, more than usually favorable representatives of their race. " The working and voyaging dress of the French masses," says Reynolds, " was simple and primitive. The French were likethe lilies of the valley (the Old Ranger was not always exact in his quotations), — they neither spun nor wove any of their clothing, but purchased it from the merchants. The white blanket coat, known as the capot, was the universal and eternal coat for the winter with the masses. A cape was made of it that could be raised over the head in cold weather. " In the house, arid in good weather, it hung behind, a cape % the blanket coat. The reason that I know these coats so well is, that I have worn many in my youth, and a working man never wore a better garment. Dressed deer-skins and blue cloth were worn commonly in the winter for pantaloons. The blue handkerchief and the deer-skin moccasins covered the head and feet generally of the French Creoles. In 1800, scarcely a man thought himself clothed unless he had a belt tied around his blanket coat, and on one side was hung the dressed skin of a pole-cat, filled with tobacco, pipe, flint and steel. On the other side was fastened, under the belt, the the butcher-knife. A Creole in this dress felt like Tam O'Shanteir filled with usquebaugh; he could face the devil. Checked calico shirts were then common, but in winter flannel was frequently worn. In the summer the laboring men and the voyagers often took their shirts off in hard work and hot weather, and turned oat the naked back to the air and sun." " Among the Americans," he adds, " home-made wool hats were the common wear. Fur hats were not common, and scarcely a boot was seen. The covering of the feet in winter was chiefly moccasins made of deer-skins, and shoe packs of tanned leather. Some wore shoes,. but not common in very early times. In the summer the greater portion of the young people, male and female, and many of the old, went barefoot. The substantial and universal outsidewear was the blue linsey hunting-shirt. This is an excellent garment, and I have never felt s'o happy and healthy since I laid it off. : It' is &&dfc Hi el mm SOUTHERN ILLINOIS NORMAL UNIVERSITY, AT CARONDALE. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 153 made of wide sleeves, open before, with ample size so as to envelop the body almost twice around. Sometimes it had a large cape, whicli answers well to save the shoulders from the rain. A belt is mostly used to keep the garment close around the person, and, nevertheless, there is nothing tight about it to hamper the body. It is often fringed, and at times the fringe is composed of red, and other gay colors. The belt, frequently, is sewed to the hunting-shirt. The vest was* mostly made of striped linsey. The colors were made often with alum, copperas and madder, boiled with the bark of trees, in such a manner and proportions as the old ladies prescribed. The pantaloons, of the masses were generally made of deer-skfh and linsey. Course blue cloth was sometimes made into pantaloons. " Linsey, neat and fine, manufactured at home, composed generally the outside garments of the females as well as the males. The ladies had linsey colored and woven to suit their fancy. A bonnet, composed of calico, or some gay goods, was worn on the head when they were in the open air. Jewelry on the pioneer ladies was uncommon; a gold ring was an ornament not often seen." In 1820 a change of dress began to take place, and before 1830, according to Ford, most of the pioneer costume had disappeared. "The blue linsey hunting-shirt, with red or white fringe, had given place to the cloth coat. [Jeans would be more like the fact.] The raccoon cap, with the tail of the animal dangling down behind, had been thrown aside for hats of wool or fur. Boots and shoes had supplied the deer-skin moccasins ; and the leather breeches, strapped tight around the ankle, had disappeared before unmentionables of a more modern material. The female sex had made still greater pro. gress in dress. The old sort of cotton or woolen frocks, spun, woven and made with their own fair hands, and striped and cross-barred with blue dye and turkey red, had given place to gowns of silk and calico. The feet, before in a state of nudity, now charmed iD shoes of calf-skin or slippers of kid; aud the head, formerly unbonneted, but covered with a cotto:i handkerchief, now displayed the cliarms of the female face under many forms of bonnets of straw, silk and leghorn. The young ladies, instead of walking a mile or two to church on Sunday, carrying their shoes and stockings in their hands until within a hundred yards of the place of worship, as formerly, now came forth arrayed complete in all the pride of dress, mounted on fine horses and attended by their male admirers." 154 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. The last half century has doubtless witnessed changes quite as great as those set forth by our Illinois historian. The chronicler of today, looking back to the golden days of 1830 to 1840, and comparing them with the present, must be struck with the tendency of an almost monotonous uniformity in dress and manners that comes from the easy inter communication afforded by steamer, rail way, telegraph and newspaper. Home manufacturers have been driven from the household by the lower-priced fabrics of distant mills. The Kentucky jeans, and the copperas-colored clothing of home manufacture, so familiar a few years ago, have given place to the calsimeres and cloths of noted factories. The ready-made- clothing stores, like a touch of nature, made the whole world, kin- and may drape the charcoal man in a dress-coat and a stove-pipe hat. The prints and silks of England and France give a variety of choice, and an assortment of colors and shades such as the pioneer women could hardly have dreamed of. Godey, and Demorest, and Harper's Bazar are found in our modern farm-houses, and the latest fashions of Paris are not uncommon. PHYSICAL FEATURES OF ILLINOIS. In area the State has 55,410 square miles of territory. It is about 150 miles wide and 400 miles long, stretching in latitude from Maine to North Carolina. The climate varies from Portland to Richmond. It favors every product of the continent, including the tropics, with less than half a dozen exceptions. It produces every great food of the world except bananas and rice. It is hardly too much to say that it is the "most productive spot known to civil ization. With the soil full of bread and the earth full of minerals; with an upper surface of food and an under layer of fuel; with per fect natural drainage, and abundant springs, and streams, and navi gable rivers; half way between the forests of the North and the fruits of the South; within a day's ride of the great deposits of iron, coal, copper, lead and zinc; and containing and controlling the great grain, cattle, pork and lumber markets of the world, it is not strange that Illinois has the advantage of position. There are no mountains in Illinois; in the southern as well as in the northern part of the State there are a few hills; near the banks of the Illinois, Mississippi, and several other rivers, the ground is HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 155 elevated, forming the so-called bluffs, on which at the present day may be found, uneffaced by the hand of Time, the marks and traces left by the water whicli was formerly much higher; whence it may be safe to conclude that, where now the fertile prairies of Illinois extend, and the rich soil of the country yields its golden harvests, must have been a vast sheet of water, the mud deposited by whicli formed the soil, thus accounting for the present great fertility of the country. Illinois is a garden 400 miles long and 150 miles wide. Its soi] is chiefly a black, sandy loam, from 6 inches to 60 feet thick. About the old French towns it has yielded corn for a century and a half without rest or help. She leads all other States in the number of acres actually under plow. Her mineral wealth is scarcely second to her agricultural power. She has coal, iron, lead, zinc, copper, many varieties of building stone, marble, fire clay, curna clay, common brick clay, sand of all kinds, gravel, mineral paint, — in fact, everything needed for a high civilization. AGRICULTURE. If any State of the Union is adapted for agriculture, and the other branches of rural economy relating thereto, such as the raising of cattle and the culture of fruit trees, it is pre-eminently Illinois. Her extremely fertile prairies recompense the farmer at less trouble and expense than he would be obliged to incur elsewhere, in order to obtain the same results. Her rich soil, adapted by nature for immediate culture, only awaits the plow and the seed in order to mature, within a few months, a most bountiful harvest. A review of statistics will be quite interesting to the reader, as well as valuable, as showing the enormous quantities of the various cereals produced in our prairie State : In 1876 there was raised in the State 130,000,000 of bushels of corn, — twice as much as any other State, and one-sixth of all the corn raised in the United States. It would take 375,000 cars to transport this vast amount of corn to market, which would make 15,000 trains of 25 cars each. She harvested 2,747,000 tons of hay, nearly one- tenth of all the hay in the Republic. It is not generally appreciated, but it is true, that the hay crop of the country is worth more than the cotton crop. The hay of Illinois equals the cotton of Louisiana- 156 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Go to Charleston, S. C, and see them peddling handfuls of hay or grass, almost as a curiosity, as we regard Chinese gods or the cryo lite of Greenland; drink your coffee and condensed milk; and walk back from the coast for many a league through the sand and burs till you get up into the better atmosphere of the mountains, with out seeing a waving meadow or a grazing herd; then you will begin to appreciate- the meadows of the Prairie State. \ The value of her farm implements was, in 1876, $211,000,000 and the value of live stock was only second to New York. The same year she had 25,000,000 hogs, and packed 2,113,845, about one-half of all that were packed in the United States. She marketed $57,000,000 worth of slaughtered animals, — more than any other State, and a seventh of all the States. Illinois excels all other States in miles of railroads and in miles of postal service, and in money orders sold per annum, and in the amount of lumber sold. Illinois was only second in many important matters, taking the reports of 1876. This sample list comprises a few of the more important: Permanent school fund; total income for educational purposes; number of publishers of books, maps, papers, etc.; value of farm products and implements, and of live stock; in tons of coal mined. The shipping of Illinois was only second to New York. Out of one port during the business hours of the season of navigation she sent forth a vessel every nine minutes. This did not include canal- boats, which went one every five minutes. No wonder she was only second in number of bankers or in phy sicians and surgeons. She was third in colleges, teachers and schools ; also in cattle, lead, hay, flax, sorghum and beeswax. She was fourth in population, in children enrolled in public schools, in law schools, in butter, potatoes and carriages. She was fifth in value of real and personal property, in theologi-. cal seminaries, and colleges exclusively for women, in milk sold, and in boots and shoes manufactured, and in book-binding. She was only seventh in the production of wood, while she was the twelfth in area. Surely that was well done for the Prairie State. She then had, in 1876, much more wood and growing timber than she had thirty years before. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. J 57 A few leading industries will justify emphasis. She manufactured 5,000,000 worth of goods, which placed her well up toward New York and Pennsylvania. The number of her manufacturing establishments increased from 1800 to 1870, 300 per cent. ; capital employed increased 350 per cent.; and the amount of product in creased 400 per cent. She issued 5,500,000 copies of commercial and financial newspapers, being only second to New York. She had 6,759 miles of railroad, then leading all otlier States, worth $636,- 458,000, using 3,245 engines, and 67,712 cars, making a train long enouo-k to cover one-tenth of the entire roads of the State. Her stations were only five miles apart. She carried,' in 1876, 15,795,- 000 passengers an average of 36J miles, or equal to taking her entire population twice across the State. More than two-thirds of her land was within five miles of a railroad, and less than two per cent, was more than fifteen miles away. The State has a large fiuancial interest in the Illinois Central railroad. The road was incorporated in 1850, and the State gave each alternate section for six miles on each side, and doubled the price of the remaining land, so keeping herself good. The road received 2,595,000 acres of land, and paid to the State one-seventh of the gross receipts. The State received in 1877, $350,000, and had received up to that year in all about $7,000,000. It was prac tically the people's road, and it had a most able and gentlemanly management. Add to the above amount the annual receipts from the canal, $111,000, and a large per cent, of the State tax was pro vided for. GOVERNORS OF ILLINOIS. Shadrack Bond — Was the first Governor of Illinois. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1773; was raised on a farm; re ceived a common English education, and came to Illinois in 1794 He served as a delegate in Congress from 1811 to 1815, where he procured the right of pre-emption of public land. He was elected Governor in 1818; was beaten for Congress in 1824 by Daniel P. Cook He died at Kaskaskia, April 11, 1830. Edward Coles—Was born Dec. 15, 1786, in Virginia. His father was a slave-holder; gave his son a collegiate education, and left to him a large number of slaves. These he liberated, giving each head of a family 160 acres of land and a considerable sum of money. 158 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. He was President Madison's private secretary. He came to Illinois in 1819, was elected Governor in 1822, on the anti-slavery ticket; moved to Philadelphia in 1833, and died in 1868. Ninian Edwards. — In 1809, on the formation of the Territory of Illinois, Mr. Edwards was appointed Governor, which position he retained until the organization of the State, when he was sent to the United States Senate. He was elected Governor in 1826. He was a native of Maryland and born in 1775; received a collegiate education ; was Chief Justice of Kentucky, and a Republican in politics. John Reynolds — Was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and came with his parents to Illinois in 1800, and in 1830 was elected Gov ernor on the Democratic ticket, aud afterwards served three terms in Congress. He received a classical education, yet was not polished, He was an ultra Democrat; attended the Charleston Convention in 1860, and urged the seizure of United States arsenals by the South. He died in 1865 at Belleville, childless. Joseph Duncan. — In 1834 Joseph Duncan was elected Governor by the Whigs, although formerly a Democrat. He had previously served four terms in Congress. He was born in Kentucky in 1794; had but a limited education; served with distinction in the war of 1812; conducted the campaign of 1832 against Black Hawk. He came to Illinois when quite young. Thomas Carlin — Was elected as a Democrat in 1838. He had but a meager education ; held many minor offices, and was active both in the war of 1812 and the Black Hawk war. He was born in Kentucky in 1789; came to Illinois in 1812, and died at Carrollton, Feb. 14, 1852. Thomas Ford — Was born in Pennsylvania in the year 1800; was brought by his widowed mother to Missouri in 1804, and shortly afterwards to Illinois. He received a good education, studied law; was elected four times Judge, twice as Circuit Judge, Judge of Chicago and Judge of Supreme Court. He was elected Governor by the Democratic party in 1842; wrote his history of Illinois in 1847 and died in 1850. Augustus C. French— Was born in New Hampshire in 1808; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and shortly afterwards moved te Illinois when in 1846 he was elected Governor. On the adoption of the Constitution of 1848 he was again chosen, serving until 1853. He was a Democrat in politics. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 159 Joel A. Matteson — Was born in Jefferson county, N. Y., in 1808. His father was a farmer, and gave his son only a common school education. He first entered upon active life as a small tradesman, but subsequently became a large contractor and manufacturer. He was a heavy contractor in building the Canal. He was elected Gov ernor in 1852 upon the Democratic ticket. William H. Bissell — Was elected by the Republican party in 1856. He had previously served two terms in Congress; was colonel in the Mexican war and has held mi nor official positions. He was born in New York State in 1811; received a common educa tion; came to Illinois early in life and engaged in the medical pro fession. This he changed for the law and became a noted orator, and the standard bearer of the Republican party in Illinois. He died in 1860 while Governor. Richard Yates — "The war Governor of Illinois," was born in Warsaw, Ky., in 1818; came to Illinois in 1831: served two terms in Congress; in 1860 was elected Governor, and in 1865 United States Senator. He was a college graduate, and read law under J. J. Hardin. He rapidly rose in his chosen profession and charmed the people with oratory. He filled the gubernatorial chair during the trying days of the Rebellion, and by his energy and devotion won the title of " War Governor." He became addicted to strong drink, and died a drunkard. Richard J. Oglesby — Was b6rn in 1824, in Kentucky; an orphan at the age of eight, came to Illinois when only 12 years old. He was apprenticed to learn the carpenter's trade; worked some at farming and read law occasionally. He enlisted in the Mexican War and was chosen First Lieutenant. After his return he again took up the law, but during the gold fever of 1849 went to Califor nia; soon returned, and, in 1852, entered upon his illustrious political career. He raised the second regiment in the State, to suppress the Rebellion, and for gallantry was promoted to Major General. In 1864 he was elected Governor, and re-elected in 1872, and resigned for a seat in the United States Senate. He is a staunch Republican and resides at Decatur. Shelby M. Cullom— Was born in Kentucky in 1828; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his profession in 1848; was elected to the State Legislature in 1856, and again in 1860. Served on the war commission at Cairo, 1862, 160 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. and was a member of the 39th, 40th and 41st Congress, in all of which he served with credit to his State. He was again elected to the State Legislature in 1872, aHd re-elected in 1874, and was elected Governor of Illinois -in 1876, which office he still holds, and has administered with marked ability. LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS. Pierre Menard — Was the first Lieut. Gov. of Illinois. He was born in Quebec, Canada, in 1767. He came to Illinois in 1790 where he engaged in the Indian trade and became wealthy. He died in 1844. Menard county was named in his honor. Adolphus F. Hubbard — Was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1822. Four years later he ran for Governor against Edwards, but was beaten. William Kinney — Was elected in 1826. He was a Baptist clergyman; was born in Kentucky in 1781 aud came to Illinois in 1793. Zadock Casey — Although on the opposition ticket to Governor Reynolds, the successful Gubernatorial candidate, yet Casey was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1830. He subsequently served several terms in Congress. Alexander M. Jenkins — Was electeion ticket with Gov. Duncan in 1834 by a handsome majority. S. H. Anderson — Lieut. Gov. under Gov. Carlin, was chosen in 1838. He was a native of Tennessee. John Moore — Was born in England in 1793; came to Illinois in 1830; was elected Lieut. Gov. in 1842. He won the name of " Honest John Moore." Joseph B. Wells — Was chosen with Gov. French at his first election in 1846. William McMxurtry. — In 1848 when Gov. French was again chosen Governor, William McMurtry of Knox county, was elected Lieut. Governor. Gustavus P. Koerner — Was elected in 1852. He was born in Germany in 1809. At the age of 22 came to Illinois. In 1872 he was a candidate for Governor on Liberal ticket, but was defeated. John Wood — Was elected in 1856, and on the death of Gov, Bissell became Governor. Francis A. Hoffman — Was chosen with Gov. Yates in 1860. He was born in Prussia in 1822, and came to Illinois in 1840. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 161 William Bross — Was born in New Jersey, came to Illinois in 1848, was elected to office in 1864. John Dougherty — Was elected in 1868. John L. Beveredge — Was chosen Lieut. Gov. in 1872. In 1873 Oglesby was elected to the U. S. Senate when Beveridge became Governor. Andrew Shuman — Was elected Nov. 7, 1876, and is the present incumbent. SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. Ninian W. Edwards 1854-56 W. H. Powell 1857-58 Newton Bateman 1859-75 Samuel M. Etter 1876 ATTORNEY GENERALS. Daniel P. Cook 1819 William Mears 1820 Samuel D. Lockwood 1821-22 James Turney 1823-28 George Forquer 1829-32 James Semple 1833-34 Nmian E.Edwards 1834r-35 Jesse B. Thomas, Jr 1835 Walter B. Scates .1836 Asher P. Linder 1837 Geo. W. Olney 1838 ; Wickliffe Kitchell 1839 Josiah Lam born 1841-42 James A. McDougall 1843-46 David B. Campbell 1846 [Office abolished and re-created in 1867] Robe*rt G. Ingersoll 1867-68 Washington Bushnell 1869-72 James K. Edsall 1873-79 TREASURERS. John Thomas 1818-19 R. K. McLaughlin 1819-22 Ebner Field 1823-26 James Hall 1827-30 John Dement 1831-36 Charles Gregory ¦. .1836 John D. Whiteside 1837-40 M. Carpenter 1841-48 John Moore 1848-56 James Miller 1857-60 William Butler 1861-62 Alexander Stame 1863-64 James H. Beveridge 1865-66 George W. Smith 1867-68 Erastus N. Bates 1869-72 Edward Rutz 1873-75 Thomas S. Ridgeway 1876-77 Edward Rutz 1878-79 SECRETARIES OF STATE. Elias K. Kane 1818-22 Samuel D. Lockwood 1822-23 David Blackwell 1823-24 Morris Birkbeck 1824 George Forquer 1825-28 Alexander P. Field 1829-40 Stephen A. Douglas 1840 Lyman Trumbull 1841-42 Thompson Campbell 1843-46 Horace S. Cooley 1846-49 David L. Gregg 1850-52 Alexander Starne 1853-56 Ozias M. Hatch 1857-60 Sharon Tyndale 1865-68 Edward Rummel 1869-72 George H. Harlow 1873-79 162 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. AUDITORS. Elijah C. Berry 1818-31 Thompson Campbell 1846 I. T. B. Stapp 1831-35 Jesse K. Dubois 1857-64 Levi Davis 1835,-40 Orlin H. Miner 1865-68 James Shields 1841-42 Charles E. Lippencott 1869-76 W. L. D. Ewing 1843-45 Thompson B. Needles 1877-79 UNITED STATES SENATORS. Ninian Edwards. — On the organization of the State in 1818, Edwards, the popular Territorial Governor, was chosen Senator for the short term, and in 1819 re-elected for full term. Jesse B. Thomas — One of the federal judges during the entire Territorial existence was chosen Senator on organization of the State, and re-elected in 1823, and served till 1829. John McLean — In 1824 Edwards resigned, and McLean was elected to fill liis unexpired term. He was born in North Carolina in 1791, and came to Illinois in 1815; served one term in Congress, and in 1829 was elected to the U. S. Senate, but the following year died. He is said to have been the most gifted man of his period in Illinois. Elias Kent Kane — Was elected Nov. 30, 1824, for the term be ginning March 4, 1825. In 1830 he was re-elected, but died before the expiration of his term. He was a native of New York, and in 1814 came to Illinois. He was first Secretary of State, and after wards State Senator. David Jewett Baker — Was appointed to fill the unexpired term of John McLean, in 1830, Nov. 12, but the Legislature refused, to endorse the choice. Baker was a native of Connecticut, born in 1792, and died in Alton in 1869. John M. Robinson. — Instead of Baker, the Governor's appointee, the Legislature chose Robinson, and in 1S34 lie was re-elected. In 1843 was elected Supreme Judge of the State, but within two months died. He was a native of Kentucky, and came to Illinois while quite young. William L. D. Ewing — Was elected in 1835, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Kane. He was a Kentuckian. Richard M. Young— Was elected in 1836, and held his seat from March 4, 1837, to March 4, 1843, a full term. He was a HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 163 native of Kentucky; was Circuit Judge before his election to the Senate, and Supreme Judge in 1842. He died in an insane asylum at Washington. Samuel McRoberts — The first native Ulinoisian ever elevated to the high office of U. S. Senator from this State, was born in 1799, and died in 1843 on his return home from Washington. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1824, and March 4, 1841, took his, seat in the U. S. Senate. Sidney Breese — Was elected to the U. S. Senate, Dec. 17, 1842, and served a full term. He was born in Oneida county, N. Y. He was Major in the Black Hawk war; Circuit Judge, and in 1841 was elected Supreme Judge. He served a full term in the U. S. Senate, beginning March 4, 1843, after which he was elected to the Legislature, again Circuit Judge, and, in 1857, to the Supreme -Court, which position he held until his death in 1878. James Semple — Was the successor of Samuel McRoberts, and was appointed by Gov. Ford in 1843. He was afterwards elected Judge of the Supreme Court. Stephen A. Douglas — Was elected Dec. 14, 1846. He had pre viously served three terms as Congressman. He became his own successor in 1853 and again in 1859. From his first entrance in the Senate he was acknowledged the peer of Clay, Webster and Cal houn, with whom he served his first term. His famous contest with Abraham Lincoln for the Senate in 1858 is the most memor able in the annals of our country. It was called the battle of the giants, and resulted in Douglas' election to the Senate, and Lincoln to the Presidency. He was born in Brandon, Vermont, April 23, 1813, and came to Illinois in 1S33, and died in 1861. He v/as appointed Secretary of State by Gov. Carlin in 1840, and shortly afterward to the Supreme Bench. James Shields — Was elected and assumed his seat in the U. S. Senate in 1849, March 4. He was born in Ireland in 1810, came to the United States in 1827. He served in the Mexican army, was elected Senator from Wisconsin, and in 1879 from Missouri for a short term. Lyman Trumbull — Took his seat in the U S. Senate March 4, 1855, and became his own successor in 1861. He had previously served one term in the Lower House of Congress, and served on the Supreme Bench. He was born in Connecticut; studied law 164 HISTORY OF rLLntoiS. and came to Illinois early in life, where for years he was actively engaged in politics. He resides in Chicago. Orvill H. Browning — Was appointed U. S. Senator in 1861, to fill the seat made vacant by the death of Stephen A. Douglas, until a Senator could be regularly elected. Mr. Browning was born in Harrison county, Kentucky; was admitted to the bar in 1831, and settled-in Quincy, Illinois, where he engaged in the practice of law and was instrumental, with his friend, Abraham Lincoln, in form ing the Republican party of Illinois at the Bloomington Conven tion. He entered Johnson's cabinet as Secretary of the Interior and in March, 1868, was designated by the President to perform the duties of Attorney General, in addition to his own, as Secretary of the Interior Department. William A. Richardson — Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1863, to fill the unexpired term of his friend, Stephen A Douglas. He was born in Fayette county, Ky., about 1810, studied law and settled in Illinois; served as captain in the Mexican War, and on the battle-field of Buena Vista, was promoted for bravery, by a unanimous vote of his regiment. He served in the Lower House of Congress from 1847 to 1856, continually. Richard Yates— -Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1865, serv ing a full term of six years. He died in St. Louis, Mo., Nov 27 1873. ' ' John A. Logan— -Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1871. He was born in Jackson county, 111., Feb. 9, 1826, received a common school education, and enlisted as a private in the Mexican War, where he rose to the rank of Regimental Quartermaster. On returning home he studied law, and came to the bar in 1852; was elected in 1858 a Representative to the 36th Congress and re-elected to the 37th Congress, resigning in 1861 to take part in the sup pression of the Rebellion; served as Colonel and subsequently as a Major General, and commanded, with distinction, the armies of the Tennessee. He was again elected to the U. S. Senate in 1879 for six years. David Davis— Was elected to the U. S. Senate in 1877 for a term of six years. He was born in Cecil county, Md., March 9, M15, graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, studied law, and removed to Illinois in 1835; was admitted to the bar and settled in Blooming ton, where he has since resided and amassed a large fortune. He HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 165 was for many years the intimate friend and associate of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him each year, and after Lincoln's election to the Presidency, was appointed by him to fill the position of Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. FIFTEENTH CONGRESS. NINETEENTH CONGRESS. JohnMcLean 1818 Daniel P. Cook 1825-26 SIXTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTIETH CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1819-20 Joseph Duncan 1827-28 SEVENTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-FIRST CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1821-22 Joseph Duncan 1829-30 EIGHTEENTH CONGRESS. TWENTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Daniel P. Cook 1823-24 Joseph Duncan 1831-32 TWENTY-THIRD CONGRESS. Joseph Duncan 1833-34 Zadock Casey 1833-34 TWENTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1835-36 William L. May 1835-36 John Reynolds 1835-36 TWENTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1837-38 William L. May 1837-38 John Reynolds 1837-38 TWENTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1839-40 John T. Stuart 1839-40 John Reynolds 1839-40 ' TWENTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Zadock Casey 1841-42 John T. Stuart 1841-42 John Reynolds 1841-42 TWENTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1843-44 Joseph P. Hoge 1843-44 Orlando B. Finklin 1843-44 John J.Hardin 1843-44 Stephen A. Douglas 1843-44 John Wentworth 1843-44 John A. McClernand 1843-44 TWENTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Robert Smith 1845-46 Joseph P. Hoge 1845-46 Stephen A. Douglas 1845-46 John A. McClernand 1845-46 Orlando B. Finklin 1845-46 John Wentworth 1845-46 John J. Hardin 1845 THIRTIETH CONGRESS. John Wentworth 1847-48 Orlando B. Finklin. 1847-48 Thomas J. Turner 1847 Robert Smith 1847-48 Abraham Lincoln 1847^48 William A. Richardson 1847-48 John A. McClernand 1847-48 j66 history of Illinois. THIRTY-FIRST CONGRESS. John A. McClernand .1849-50 Edward D. Baker 1849-60 John Wentworth 1849-50 William H. Bissell 1849-50 Timothy R. Young 1849-50 Thomas L. Harris 1849 William A. Richardson 1849-50 THIRTY-SECOND CONGRESS. William A. Richardson 1851-52 Richard Yates 1851-52 Thompson Campbell 1851-52 Richard S. Maloney 1851-52 Orlando B. Finklin 1851-52 : Willis 1851-52 John Wentworth 1851-52 William H. Bissell 1851-52 THIRTY-THIRD CONGRESS. William H. Bissell'. '. 1853-54 Thompson Campbell .1853-54 John C. Allen 1853-54 James Knox 1853-54 Willis .1853-54 Jesse O. Norton 1853-54 Elihu B. Washburne 1853-54 William A. Richardson 1863-54 Richard Yates 1853-54 THIRTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1855-56 Samuel S. Marshall 1855-56 Lyman Trumbull 1855-56 J. L. D. Morrison 1855-56 James H. Woodworth 1855-56 John C. Allen 1855-56 James Knox 1855-56 Jesse O. Norton 1855-56 Thompson Campbell 1855-56 William A. Richardson , . .1855-56 THIRTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1857-58 Samuel S. Marshall 1857-58 Charles D. Hodges 1857-58 Isaac N. Morris 1857-58 William Kellogg 1857-58 Aaron Shaw 1857-58 Thompson Campbell 1857-58 .Robert Smith 1857-58 John F. Farnsworth 1857-58 Thomas L. Harris .... 1857-58 Owen Lovejoy 1857-58 ' THIRTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. / Elihu B. Washburne 1859-60 John F. Farnsworth 1859-60 John A. Logan 1859-60 Philip B. Fouke ....1859-60 Owen Lovejoy 1859-60 Thomas L. Harris. 1859-60 John A. McClernand 1859-60 William Kellogg.. 1859-60 Isaac N Morris 1859-60 James C. Robinson. 1859-60 THIRTY-SEVENTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1861-62 Isaac N. Arnold. James C. Robinson 1861-62 Philip B. Fouke. John A. Logan .1861-62 William Kellogg. . .".'.' 186M2 Owen Lovejoy 1861-62 Anthony L. Knapp. . ....... .,,;. 1861-62 John A. McClernand 1861-62 William A. Richardson . ....... .1861-62 THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne. 1863-64 William J. Allen 1863-64 Jesse O. Norton 1863-64 Isaac N. Arnold James C, Robinson 1863-64 John R. Eden CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, JACKSONVILLE. ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY, CHAMPAIGN— FOUNDED BY^THE STATE, ENDOWED BY CONGRESS. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 169 Lewis W. Ross 1863-64 John T- Stuart 1863-64 Owen Lovejoy 1863-64 •William R. Morrison 1863-64 John C. Allen 1863-64 John F. Farnsworth 1863-64 Charles W. Morris 1863-64 Eben C. Ingersoll 1863-64 Anthony L. Knapp 1803-64 THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne. . .x 1865-66 Anthony B. Thornton 1865-66 John Wentworth 1865-66 Abner C. Hardin 1865-66 Eben C. Ingersoll 1865-66 Barton O. Cook 1865-66 Shelby M. Cullom 1865-66 John F. Farnsworth 1865-66 Jehu Baker 1865-66 Henry P. H. Bromwell 1865-66 Andrew Z. Kuykandall 1865-66 Samuel S. Marshall 1865-66 Samuel W. Moulton 1865-66 Lewis W. Ross 1865-66 FORTIETH CONGRESS. Elihu B. Washburne 1867-68 Abner C. Hardin 1867-68 Eben C. Ingersoll 1867-68 Norman B. Judd 1867-68 Albert G. Burr 1867-68 Burton C. Cnok 1867-68 Shelby M. Oullom 1867-68 FORTY-FIRST CONGRESS. John F. Farnsworth 1867-68 Jehu Baker , 1867-68 Henry P. H. Bromwell 1867-68 John A Logan 1867-68 Samuel S. Marshall 1867-68 Green B. Raum 1867-63 Lewis W. Ross 1867-68 Norman B. Judd 1869-70 John F. Farnsworth 1869-70 H. C. Burchard 1869-70 John B. Hawley 1869-70 Eben C. Ingersoll 1869-70 Burton C. Cook 1869-70 Jesse H. Moore. •. 1869-70 Shelby M. Cullom 1869-70 Thomas W. McNeely 1869-70 Albert G. Burr 1869-70 Samuel S. Marshall 1869-70 John B. Hay 1869-70 John M. Crebs 1869-70 John A. Logan 1869-70 FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS. Charles B. Farwell 1871-72 John F. Farnsworth 187 1-72 Horatio C. Burchard 1871-72 John B. Hawley 1871-72 Bradford N. Stevens 1871-72 Henry Snapp 1871-72 Jesse H. Moore 1871-72 James C. Robinson 1871-72 Thomas W. McNeely 1871-72 Edward Y. Rice 1871-72 Samuel S. Marshall 1871-72 John B. Hay 1871-72 John M. Crebs 1871-72 John S. Beveredge 1 871-72 FORTY-THIRD CONGRESS. John B. Rice 1873-74 Robert M. Knapp 1873-74 Jasper D. Ward 1873-74 Charles B. Farwell 1873-74 Stephen A. Hurlbut 1873-74 Horatio C. Burchard 1873-74 John B. Hawley 1873-74 Franklin Corwin 1873-74 James C. Robinson 1873-74 John B. McNulta 1873-74 Joseph G. Cannon 1873-74 John R. Eden 1873-74 James S. Martin 1873-74 William R. Morrison 1873-74 170 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Greenbury L. Fort 1873-74 Granville Barrere 1873-74 William H. Ray 1873-74 FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Isaac Clements 1873-74 Samuel S. Marshall ...... 1873-74 Bernard G. Caulfleld 1875-76 Carter H. Harrison 1875-76 Charles B. Farwell 1875-76 Stephen A. Hurlbut 1875-76 Horatio C. Burchard 1875-76 Thomas J. Henderson 1875-76 Alexander Campbell 1875-76 Greenbury L. Fort 1875-76 Richard H. Whiting 1875-76 John C. Bagby 1875-76 FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS. Scott Wike. . . 1875-76 William M. Springer 1875-76 Adlai E. Stevenson 1875-76 Joseph G. Cannon 1875-76 John R. Eden 1875-76 W. A. J. Sparks 1875-76 William R. Morrison 1875-76 William Hartzell 1875-76 William B. Anderson 1875-76 • William Aldrich 1877-78 Carter H. Harrison 1877-78 Lorenzo Brentano 1877-78 William Lathrop 1877-78 Horatio C. Burchard 1877-78 Thomas J. Henderson 1877-78 Philip C. Hayes 1877-78 Greenbury L. Fort.. .1 1877-78 Thomas A. Boyd 1877-78 Benjamin F. Marsh 1877-78 FORTY-SIXTH CONGRESS. Robert M. Kn Sheepberry (mostly). Ox-eye-Daisy. Caneflowen Canada Thistle. Common Thistles Spanish Needles. ¦> Beggar-Ticks. Carolina Pink. Cardinal Flower. Blue-Bells. , Smooth Lungwort. Horseniint. Wild Bergamot." Peppermint. Wild Mint. Wild Morning-glory. Hedge Bindweed. / Ball (or Bull) Nettle. Horse Nettle. Lake Grass. River Club Rush. Moonseed is a smooth vine running up on bushes somewhat like a morning-glory, and has a round, bright yellow root, with a tonic bitter taste, while the true wild sarsaparilla of this country is a kind of large ginseng. The true buttercups of the East are not found iu this county. Sheep sorrel has lance-shaped, sharp-pointed leaves, while wood sorrel has leaves like clover. Poison ivy has.' leaves like the box-elder, three leaflets to each leaf, and when the plant is young it can be distinguished from the latter by its having HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 273 i no white bloom on the stem. The Virginia creeper has five leaflets to each leaf, almost in a circle, and is quite innoxious. The true bittersweet does not grow wild here. It has sparingly escaped from gardens to roadsides. Bed maple grows in Southern Illinois, but not here. Its flowers are quite red. There is the true black-haw in this county, very scarce, and differs but. very little from the more common sheep-berry. Beggar-ticks differ but little from the true Spanish needles. Cardinal-flower is that dazzling scarlet-red flower, on a plant about two feet high in low grounds, July and August. The white-flowered wild " morning-glory " is hedge bindweed. The true Solomon's .seal has greenish-white flowers along the sides of the plant, and the berries when ripe are black or blue ; false Solo mon's seal has white flowers at the summit, and speckled berries. The sycamore of the old world is very different from our syca more here (button-wood). The different kinds of ash are difficult to distinguish, and some of the oaks hybridize so that the leaves of the same tree will often be various in shape, and the acorns of all intermediate grades. Some names, even in the books, are applied to two different plants, as button snakeroot, black snakeroot, syca more, goose-grass, etc. CATALOGUE OF "PLANTS GROWING SPONTANEOUSLY IN FULTON COUNTY. Crowfoot Family. — a, creeping crowfoot ; c, Virginian anemone, Pennsyl vanian anemone, rue anemone, early meadow rue, purplish meadow rue, tall meadow rue, yellow water crowfoot, water plantain spearwort, small-flowered crowfoot, hooked crowfoot, bristly crowfoot, early crowfoot, false rue Anemone, marsh marigold (cowslips), wild columbine, liver-leaf (liverwort, hepatica), dwarf larkspur, azure larkspur; r, Clematis Pitcheri, virgin's bower, long-fruited anemone, false bugbane', wood anemone (wind-flower), yellow puccoon (orange root, turmeric root), white baneberry, black snakeroot ; it, leather-flower, Caro lina anemone, stiff water crowfoot, mouse-tail, red baneberry. , Custard-Apple Family. — r, pawpaw. Moonseed Family. — c, Canadian moonseed. Barberry Family. — a, May-apple (mandrake); r, blue cohosh (pappoose- root); vr, twin-leaf. Water-Lily Family. — c, tuber-bearing water-lily (the most common pond or white lily), yellow pond-lily (spatter-dock, frog lily; r, water-shield (water target), yellow nelumbo (water chinquepin). Poppy Family. — c, blood-root. Fumitory Family. — c, Dutchman's breeches ; vr, climbing fumitory, squirrel- corn, golden corydalis. Mustard Family. — a, hedge mustard, shepherd's purse-, wild pepper-grass ; c, marsh cress, lake cress, pepper-root, spring cress, small bitter cress, winter cress (yellow rocket) tansy mustard, black mustard, Draba Caroliniana ; r, Arabis Ludoviciana, lyrata dentata, hirsuta and Canadensis ; vr, nasturtium sessiliflo- rum, Arabis laevigata and hesperidoides, wormseed mustard. Caper Family — r, spider-flower; vr, polanisia. Violet Family. — a, blue violet; c, arrow-leaved violet, downy yellow violet, r, hand-leaf violet, larkspur violet, bird-foot violet(also var. bicolor), dog violet; it, green violet, pale violet, pansy (heart's-ease). Hock-Rose Family. — Pinweeds; c, Lechea minor; r, Lechea major, tenui- folia and racemosa, frostweed. 274 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. St. Johris-wort Family. — c, Hypericum corymbosum and mutilum ; *, great St. John's- wort, shrubby St. John's- wort, common St. John's- wort, Hypericum Canadense, orange-grass (pine-weed), marsh St. John's-wort. Water-wort Family. — r, Water-wort. Pink Family.— a, Mouse-ear chickweed; c, bouncing bet (soap-wort), starry campion, sleepy campion, corn cockle, Arenaria lateriflora, common chickweed, long-leaved stitchwort, Cerastium nutans, forked chickweed; r, larger mouse-ear chickweed ; vr, cow-herb, Silene nivea. Purslane Family.— a, Common purslane; c, spring beauty ; vr, Claytonia Caroliniana. Mallow Family. —a, Common mallow (low mallow, cheese mallow) ; c, sida (spinosa), velvet-leaf (Indian mallow), bladder ketmia (flower of an hour); vr, high mallow, Callirrhoe, glade mallow, halberd-leaved rose mallow. Linden Family. — c, Bass-wood (lin.) Flax Family.— c, Linum sulcatum ; vr, Linum Virginianum. Geranium. Family. — c, Yellow wood-sorrel; c, wild cranesbill (spotted gera nium), Carolina cranesbill, pale and spotted touch-me-not, violet wood-sorrel ; vr, false mermaid. Rue Family. — r, Northern prickly ash, hop-tree (shrub trefoil). Cashew Family. — a, Smooth sumac; c, poison ivy; vr, dwarf sumac, fra grant sumac (possibly). ¦ Vine Family. — a, Virginia creeper; c, winter grape (frost grape) ; vr, sum mer grape (cat Canton landing, and Vitis riparia may be common along the river). i » Buckthorn Family. — «, New Jersey tea (red-root) ; vr, Rhamnus lanceolatus and alnifolius. Staff-tree Family— c, Climbing bittersweet (wax-work), waahoo (burning- bush). Soap-berry Family. — a, White maple (silver or soft maple) ; c, Ohio buckeye (foetid buckeye), sugar maple (rock or hard maple?), box elder (ash-leaved maple); )•, American bladder-nut. Milkwort Family. — c, Polygala verticillata; r, Polygala sanguinea, Seneca snakeroot; vr, Polygala incarnata, ambigua and polygama. Pulse Family. — a, White clover; c, red clover, Astragalus Canadensis, tick trefoil (four species, viz : Desmodium acuminatum, nudiflorum, Canadense and sessilifolium), Lespedeza violacea and capitata (bush clover), marsh vetchling, Phaseojus diversifolius, hog peanut (wild pea-vine), false or wild indigo (Baptisia leucantha), Baptisia leucophoea, red-bud (Judas tree), par tridge pea, honey locust (three-thorned acacia) ; r, rattle-box, prairie clover (two species), false indigo (Amorpha fruticosa), lead plant, goat's rue, tick trefoil (four species, viz: Desmodium canescens, c.uspidatum, panieulatum, Illinoense), Vicia Americana, ground-nut (wild bean), Phaseolus helvolus and 'pauciflorus, wild senna, Kentucky coffee-tree (coffee-bean) ; vr, stone clover (rabbit foot), buffalo clover, running buffalo clover, yellow melilot (yellow sweet clover), sweet clover (white sweet clover, white melilot), Psoraleaono- brychis and floribunda, tick trefoil (four species, viz: Desmodium pauciflo- rum, Dillenii, ciliare and Marilandicum), wild sensitive plant, Desmanthue brachylobus. Rose Family. — a, Wild black cherry, common cinquefoil (five-finger), straw berry, common or high blackberry ; c, wild yellow or red plum, agrimony, Geum album (avens), Potentilla Norvegica and arguta, black raspberry (thim ble-berry), dwarf wild rose, early wild rose, scarlet-fruited thorn, black thorn (pear thorn, red haw — two varieties), cockspur thorn, crab-apple; r, choke cherry, nine-bark, meadow sweet, small-flowered agrimony, Geum strictum, dewberry (low blackberry), swamp rose; vr, queen of the prairie, goat's-beard, American ipecac, Canadian burnet, Geum Virginianum and vernum, Fragaria vesca (a strawberry), prairie rose, climbing rose, shad-bush (service or June berry) . Saxifraae Family, — c, Gooseberry (Ribes Cynosbati and rotundifolium), swamp saxifrage, alum root; vr, wild black currant (and red currant?), wild hydrangea, Parnassia Caroliniana (grass of Parnassus), mitre-wort (bishop's cap). Orpine Family.— c, Ditch (or Virginia) stone-crop. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 275 Witch Hazel Family. — it, Witch hazel. Water-Milfoil Family.— r, Myriophyllum verticillatum ; rr, M. heterophyl- lum and scabratum, mermaid weed, mare-'s-tail. Evening^ Primrose Family— c, Enchanter's nightshade, Epifcbium coloratum, evening primrose, Ludwigia polycarpa, water purslane; r, gsmra (biennis), Epilobium palustre, var. lineare, E. molle, CEnothera rhombipetala, sun-drops, seed-box. Melastoma Family. — vr, Meadow beauty (deer grass). Loosestrife Family. — c, Lythrum alatum (loosestrife); r, Ammannia latifolia, dammy cuphea; vr, Ammannia humilis and Nuttallii, swamp loosestrife. Loasa Family. — re, Mentzelia oligospermia. Gourd Family. — r,Wild balsam-apple (wild cucumber); r, one-seeded star cucumber. Parsley Family. — v, Rattlesnake master (button snakeroot); parsnip (garden), Thaspium aureum, spotted cowbane (water hemlock, poison hemlock, beaver poison, musquash root), water parsnip (Sium lineare), honewort, chervil; r, black snakeroot (sanicle), Sanicula Marilandica, cow parsnip, Cicuta bulbifera, • smoother and hairy sweet cicely, harbinger of spring (pepper-and-salt); vr, Polytsenia Nuttallii, cowbane, great angelica, Thaspium barbinode (a meadow- parsnip), Thaspium trifoliatum, Zizia integerrima, water parsnip (Sium angus- tifolium), poison hemlock (?Conium maculatum), Eulophus Americanus. Ginseng Family. — c, Spikenard; r, wild sarsaparilla and ginseng. Dogwood Family. — c, Silky cornel (kinnikinnik), rough-leaved dogwood, panicled cornel (the common dogwood); r, red osier dogwood, alternate-leavecl cornel ; vr, flowering dogwood. , Honeysuckle Family. — a, Elder; c, yellow honeysuckle, fever-wort (horse- gentian), sheepberry ; r, small honeysuckle; re, black haw, arrow-wood. Madder Family. — c, Cleavers (goose-grass), Galium concinnum, small bed-' straw, sweet-scented bedstravv, wild liquorice (liquorice root), button-bush; r, Galium pilosum, button-weed, Diodia teres (a button-weed). , Valeria)), Family. — r, Fedia radiata. Composite Family. — a, Boneset (thoroughwort), Aster miser (starved aster — Wood), horse-weed (butter-weed), hog-weed (rag-Weed, bitter-weed, -Roman wormwood), beggar-ticks (Spanish needles), sneezeweed, May-weed (dog-fen nel), yarrow (milfoil), common thistle, burdock, dandelion; c, Liatris cylin- dracea, pyenostachya and scariosa, Kuhnia eupatorioides, Eupatorium soro- tinum, white snakeroot, Aster sericeus, lawis, azureus, undulatus, sagittifolius (arrow-leaved aster — Wood), multiflorus, dumosus, Tradescanti, simplex, car- neus, oblongifolins, Novse Anglise, Robin's plantain, common fleabane, daisy fleabane (sweet scabious), daisy fleabane (Erigeron strigosum), Diplopappus linariifolius, Boltonia glastifolia, golden-rods — Solidago latifolia, rigida, ulmifo- Ha, Missouriensis, Canadensis, serotina, lanceolata, compass plant (polar plant, rosin-weed), Silphium integrifolium, cup-plant, Parthenium integrjfolium, great ragweed, cockle-bur (clot-bur), ox-eye, purple coneflower (two species — Echinacea purpurea and angustifolia), cone flower(five species, — Rudbeckia laciniata, subtomentosa, triloba, speciosa and hirta), Lepachys pinnata, Heli- anthus rigidus, occidentalis, grosse-serratus, strumosus; and doronicoides, Coreopsis palmata, tall coreopsis, swamp beggar-ticks, larger bur marigold, fetid marigold (false dog-fennel), biennial wormwood, plantain-leaved ever lasting, fire-weed, Cirsium discolor and altissimum, false lettuce (blue lettuce, three species, viz: Mulgedium acuminatum, Floridanum and leucophseuin, com mon sow-thistle, spiny-leaved sow-thistle; /¦, iron-weed (Vernonia Novebora-, censis and fasciculata), blazing star (Liatris squarrosa, button snakeroot)," trumpet-weed (Joe-Pye weed), Eupatorium altissimum, upland boneset, mist- flower, Aster Drummondii, cordifolius, ericoides, tenuirolius, sestivus, longifo- lius, Erigeron divaricatum, Diplopappus umbellatus, , golden-rods — Solidago speciosa, Ohioensis, Riddelii, neglecta, altissima, nemoralis, radula, gigantea and tenuifolia, Chrysopsis villosa, Ambrosia bidentata arid psylostachya, Eclipta procumbens, wild sunflowers — Helianthus divaricatus, giganteus, de- capetalus, Actinomeris squarrosa and helianthoides, Coreopsis lanceolata and aristosa, ^mailer bur marigold, Leptopoda brachypoda, tansy, Artemisia cau- data, western mugwort, everlasting, purplish cudweed; pale Indian plantain, tuberous Indian plantain, golden ragwort (squaw-weed): swamp-thistle, Cyn- 276 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTS. thia (Virginica), rattlesnake root (white lettuce, Nabalus albus), Nabalus race- mosus and crepidineus, wild lettuce (two varieties); ur, Aster corymbosus, turbinellus, Shortii, puniceus, prenanthoides, amethystinus, anomalus and ptarmicoides, golden-rods — Solidago csesia, patula and arguta, prairie, dock, wild sunflowers — Helianthus lsetiflorus, mollis, hirsutus and tracheliifolius, Coreopsis lanceolata, tickseed sunflower, Coreopis discoidea, Cacalia suaveo- lens (an Indian plantain), great Indian plantain, pasture thistle, Canada this tle, dwarf dandelion, Troximon cuspidatum, rough hawkweed, hairy hawk- weed, Nabalus asper. Lobelia Family.— c, Cardinal flower, great lobelia, Indian tobacco (the medi cal lobelia), Lobelia spicata; vr, Lobelia leptostachys and Kalmii. Campanula Family {Bellworts). — c, Venus's looking-glass ; r, harebell, marsh bellflower, tall bellflower. Heath Family. — r, Indian pipe (corpse plant); vr, low blueberry, bearberry. Holly Family. — vr, Bla,ck alder (winterberry). t Ebony Family. — r, Persimmon. . Plantain Family. — a, Common plantain ; vr, Plantago sparsiflora,, cordate, Virginica and pusilla. Primrose Family. — c. Lysimachia ciliata and lanceolata; r, Androsace occi- dentalis, American cowslip (shooting star), Lysimachia longifolia, chaff-weed, water pimpernel (brook-weed); vr, tufted loosestrife. Bladderwort Family. — c, Great bladderwort; r, Utricularia intermedia. Bignonia Family. — e, Trumpet creeper, unicorn plant. . Broom-rape Family. — r. One-flowered cancer-root. Figwort Family. — c, Mullein, toad-flax (butter-and-eggs, ramsied), figwort, Gratiola Virginica (a hedge hyssop), false pimpernel, Culver's root (or physic), purslane speedwell, purple Gerardia, slender Gerardia, Gerardia pedicularia, lousewort (wood betony), Pedicularis laceolata; r, beard-tongue (Pentstemon pubescens), monkey flower, Conobea multiflda, Herpestis rotundifolia, corn speedwell, downy false foxglove, smooth false foxglove, Gerardia integrifolia, grandiflora and auriculata, scarlet painted-cup; vr, moth mullein, wild toad flax, innocence (Collinsia verna), turtle-head (snake-head), Pentstemon Digi talis, Mimulhs alatus and Jamesii', Gratiola sphaerocarpa, Synthyris Houg'h- toniana, water speedwell, American brook-lime, marsh speedwell, thyme- leaved speedwell, mullein foxglove, Gerardia aspera and setacea. Acanthus Family. — r, Ruellia ciliosa and strepens, Dianthera Americana. Verra in Family. — a, Hoary vervain, white, or nettled-leaved vervain ; c, blue vervain, Verbena bracteosa, fog-fruit; e, Verbena angustifolia, lopseed. Mint Family.— a, Wild bergamot (horsemint), catnip, ground ivy (gill over the ground), self-heal (heal-all), motherwort; c, wood sage (American ger mander, false pennyroyal, wild mint (often taken for peppermint), bugle-weed, Lycopus Europseus, var. sinuatus, Pycnanthemum lanceolatum (a mountain mint, basil), American pennyroyal, giant hyssop, Lophanthus scrophularisefo- lius,. skullcaps — Scutellaria • versicolor, parvula and mad-dog skullcap, hedge nettle (Stachys palustris, var. aspera) ; e, Lycopus Europseus, var. integrifo- lius, mountain mint (Pycnanthemum incanumand pilosum, Hedeoma hispida, Monarda Bradburiana, horsemint (Monarda punctata), Blephilia ciliata and hirsuta, false dragon-head, skullcap (Scutellaria canescens and nervosa), Stachys palustris, var. glabra (a hedge nettle); vr, bastard pennyroyal, spear mint, peppermint, Pycnanthemum linifolium (mountain mint), Scutellaria galericulata (a skullcap), horehound, Stachys .palustris, var. cordate (a hedge- nettle) . • Borage Family. — c, Lithospermum latifolium, hairy puccoon, hoary puccoon (alkanet), smooth lungwort (Virginian cowslip), Myosotis verna, stickseed, hound's-tongue, beggar' s-lice ; r, Onosmodium Carolinanum and molle; w, comfrey (escaped from gardens), Lithospermum angustifolium. Water-leaf Family. — c, Hydrophyllum Virginicum and appendiculatum, Ellisia (Nyctelea); re, Hydrophyllum Canadense. Polemonhun (or Phlox) Family.— c, Phlox pilosa and divaricata; r, Greek valerian, Phlox paniculata and glaberrima; vr, wild sweet William, Phlox bifida. (All the Phloxes have been called sweet William). ' Convolvulus Family. — c, Smaller morning-glory, hedge bindweed,' dodder (Cuscuta Gronovii, love-vine, and C. glomerata); r, Ipomcea lacunosa, wild HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 277 potatoe vine (man of the earth), Calystegia spithamsea, dodder— Cuscuta tenui- flora, inflexa, decora, arvensis, chlorocarpa and compacta. Nightshade Family.— c, Common nightshade (black nightshade), horse nettle, ground ground cherry, Physalis viscosa, jimson-weed (Jamestown-weed, thorn-apple, stramonium) purple thorn-apple; r, Physalis Philadelphia ; re, bittersweet (escaped from cultivation.) Gentian Family.— r, American Columbo, fringed gentian, closed gentian, Gentiana puberula; re, Sabbatia angularis (American centaury), five-flowered gentian, buck-bean. Dogbane Family. — c, Amsonia tabernsemontana, spreading dogbane ; r, Indian hemp. Milkweed Family.— a, Silkweed (milkweed); c, swamp milkweed, butterfly- weed (pieurisy root) whorled milkweed, Acerates viridiflora and longifolia (green milkweeds); r, Asclepias Sullivantii, poke milkweed, purple milkweed, Asclepias obtusifolia and paniculata, Enslenia albida; re, Asclepias perennis and Meadii. \ Olive Family. — c, White ash, black, swamp or water ash; e, red ash, green ash, blue ash. Birthwort Family. — c, Wild ginger; r, Virginia snakeroot. Four-o'clock Family. — Oxybaphus nyctagineus. Pokeweed Family.— c, Poke (scoke, garget, pigeonberry). Goosefoot Family. — a, Lambs-quarters (pigweed); c (in villages), atriplex patula (orache); r, maple-leaved goosefoot, Jerusalem oak (feather geranium) Mexican tea, wormseed, strawberry blite; ee (if occurring at all), winged pig weed, Ghenopodium urbicum. Amaranth Family. — a, Green amaranth (pigweed); c, white pigweed (tum ble-weed); e, Acnida tamariscina; vr, prince's-feather (escaped from gardens), thorny amaranth, Froelichia Floridana. Buckwheat (or Knotweed) Family. — a, Smartweed (water-pepper), water smartweed, knot-grass (goose-grass, door-weed — two varieties — in door-yards), black bindweed, curled or yeilow dock ; c, Polygonum Pennsylvanicum and incarnatum, mild water-pepper, water Persicaria, climbing false buckwheat, swamp dock; r, prince's feather (spontaneous about gardens), Polygonum ramosissimum ana tenue, arrow-leaved tear-thumb, pale dock, bitter dock, sheep sorrel (field sorrel); vr, lady's thumb, Polygonum Virginianum, great water dock. Laurel Family. — a, Sassafras; vr, spice-bush (Benjamin bush). Mezereum Family. — it (if at all), Leatherwood, moosewood. iSandal-wood Family. — r, Bastard toad-flax. Lizard's-tail Family.— vr, Lizard's-tail. Homwort Family.— e, Hornwort. Water-Stanvort Family. — Callitriche verna and autumnaiis. Spurge Family. — a, Euphorbia maculata (spotted spurge), three-seeded mercury; c, Euphorbia hypericifolia and corollata; r, Euphorbia humistrata, dentata, heterophylla and obtusata, croton (glandulosus), Phyllanthus Cana densis; re, Euphorbia serpens, Helioscopia and Cyparissias (escaped from gar dens). Nettle. Family. — a, White elm, wood nettle, richweed (clearweed); c, slip pery elm (red elm), hackberry (sugarberry), red mulberry, nettle, hemp, hop.; r, false nettle, pellitory ; re, corky white elm, TJrtica dioica. Plane-tree Family. — c, Sycamore (button wood). Walnut, Family— c, Butternut, black walnut, pecan, shell- (or shag-) bark hickory, mockernut, (or white-heart hickory), pignut, or broom, hickory, bit- ternut, or swamp hickory; r, western shag-bark hickory. Oak Family. — a, White oak, bur oak (over-cup or mossy-cup white oak), hazelnut (filbert) ; c, laurel oak (shingle oak), black jack (barren oak), scarlet oak, black oak (yellow-barked oak, quercitron) , red oak, American hop-horn beam (ironwood); r, post oak (rough or box white oak), swamp white oak, chestnut oak, yellow chestnut oak, swamp Spanish oak (pin oak), ironwood (American hornbeam, blue or water beech). Birch Family.— c, Red birch (river brich) ; re, smooth alder. Willow Family.— a, Prairie willow, black willow, cotton-wood (two species?) c, glaucous willow, heart-leaved willow, shining willow, long-leaved willow, 278 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. American aspen (quaking-asp) ; r, petioled willow, large-toothed aspen ; vr, hoary willow, silkly willow, Salix amygdaloides, myrtle willow. Pine Family. — vr, Red cedar (savin) . Arum Family— a, Indian turnip (Jack-in-the-pulpit) ; r, green dragon (dragon root), skunk cabbage, sweet flag (calamus); re, arrow arum. Duckweed Family.— r, Lemna trisulca, minor and polyrrhiza, Wolfna Co lumbiana. . Cat-tail Family.— c, Catrtail (reed mace) , Sparganium eurycarpum (bur-reed). Pond-treed Family. — c, Potamogefon natans, pusillus and pectinatus; r, Naias flexilis, Potamogeton Claytonii, hybrid us, gramineus and pauciflorus; re, horned pond-weed, Potamogeton pulcher and compressus. Water-Plantain Family. — a, Water plantain, arrow-head (Sagittaria varia bilis); c, Sagittaria heterophylla, Echinodorus rostratus; vr, Sagittaria caly- cina and graminea, arrow grass, Scheuchzeria. Frog's-bit Family. — c, Water-weed ; e, tape-grass (eel-grass). Orchis Family. — e, Rein orchis (Habenaria virescens), Calopogon pulchel- lus, adder's-mouth, twayblade (Liparis liliifolia and Lceselii), larger yellow lady's slipper; vr, showy orchis, coral-root, putty-root (Adam and Eve), small white lady's slipper, smaller yellow lady's slipper, showy lady's slipper. Amaryllis Family. — c, Star-grass. Bhodwort Family. — e, Colic-root (star-grass). Iris Family. — c, Larger blue flag, blue-eyed grass. Yam Family. — r, Wild yam (root). Smilax Family. — c, Carrion-flower ; r, greenbrier, Smilax hispida. Lily Family. — -r, Trillium (recurvatum); r, false spikenard, Solomon's seal (great and smaller), wild leek, wild garlic, bell wort (Uvularia grandiflora); /', bellwort (Uvularia perfoliata); Smilacina stellata (and probably one or two other species, rare), wild orange-red lily, white dog's-tooth violet, eastern quamash (wild hyacinth), Allium, striatum; re, purple trillium (birth-root), dwarf white trillium, bunch .flower, wild yellow lily, Turk's-cap lily, wild onion. Rush Family. — a, Juncus tenuis (bog rush); r, Juncus acuminatus, vai's. legitimus and robustus; e, Juncus nodosus, var. megacepKalus; re, common, or soft rush, Juncus marginatus and brachycarpus. Pickerel-weed Family. — e, Water star-grass; vr, pickerel- weed. Spiderwort Family. — c, Spider wort; e, day-flower (Commelyna Virginica), Tradescantia pilosa. Sedge Family. — a, Great bulrush, Carex straminea and vulpinoidea ; c,£!y- perus diandrus, inflexus, strigosus, Diilichium spathaCeum, Eleocharis obtusa (a spike rush), palustri.', tenuis, acicularis, river club-rush, Scirpus atrovirens, lineatus, Carex stipata, arida, scoparia, lagopodioides, cristata, aperta, stricta, granulans, grisea, laxiflora, Pennsylvanica, pubescens, lanuginosa, hystricina, Grayii, lupulina, squarrosa, utriculata ; r, Cyperus erythrorhizos, phymatodes, Michauxianus, Engelmanni, Sohweinitzii, flliculmis, ovularis, Hemicarpha subsquarrosa, Eleocharis Wolfii, compressa, intermedia, Scirpus pungens (a bulrush or club-rush), Fimbristylis autumnalis, Rhyncospora alba, nut rush (Scleria triglomerata), Carex Steudelii, siccata, disticha, teretiuscula, crus- corvi, sparganioides, cephalophora, rosea, sterilis, stellulata. limosa, Shortiana, panicea var. Meadii, tetanica, Davisii, virescens, triceps, digitalis, oligocarpa, Hitchcockiana, varia, riparia, trichocarpa, comosa, tentaculata, lupuliformis; re, Fimbristylis spadicea var. castanea, Carex polytrichoides, conjuncta, cephaloidea, Muhlenbergii, crinita, Buxbaumii, conoidea, umbellata, Richard- sonii, intumescens, monile, bullata and longirostris. Grass Family.— a, Timothy, blue grass (Kentucky blue grass, etc.), crab grass (finger-grass), old-witch grass, barnvard grass, foxtail (Setaria glauca); e, white grass, rice cut grass, Indian rice (water oats), floating foxtail, rush grass (Vilfa aspera and vaginfeflora), hair grass, red-top, wood reed-grass, dropseed Muhlenbergia Mexicana and diffusa, blue joint grass, porcupine grass, fresh water cord-grass, Koeleria cristata, fowl-meadow grass, Glyceria fluitans, low spear grass, (Poa annua), wire grass (Poa compressa), Eragrostis reptans, pilo sa, Frankii, fescue (Festuca tenella), Festuca nutans, chess (cheat), Bromus ciliatus, reed, wild rye (lyme grass, Elymus Virginicus), Elymus Canadensis and var. glaucifolius, bottle-brush grass, reed canary grass, Panicum glabrum, J^^'Jr? '*!*'' TABLE GROVE HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 281 virgatum, pauciflorum, dichotomum and depauperatum, green foxtail (bottle grass) beard grass, Andropogon scoparius, Indian grass (wood grass); r, fly- catch grass, meadow foxtail, Vilfa Virginica, dropseed grass (Sporobolus hete- rolepis and cryptandrus), thin grass, dropseed (nimble will, Muhlenbergia sobolifera, glomerata, sylvatica and Wildenovii), Brachyelytrum aristatum, poverty grass, Aristida oligantha, purpurascens and tuberculosa, muskit grass, Bouteloua curtipendula, dog's-tail (wire grass: about yards), sand grass, Diarrhena Americana, Eatonia obtusata and Pennsylvanica, melic grass, false red-top (fowl-meadow grass, Poa serotina), Poa sylvestris, Poa alsodes, Era- grostis poeeoides and var. megastachya, Eragrostis capillaris, pectinacea (and var. spectabilis), wild chese, Lepturus paniculatus, Hordeum pratense, wild oat grass, velvet grass, Paspalum setaceum, Panicum filiforme, anceps, agros- toides, proliferum, latifolium clandestinum, Setaria verticillata, gama grass ; vr, white bent grass (florin), Calamagrostis longifolius, mountain rice (Oryzopsis melanocarpa), Aristida gracilis, tall red-top, Eragrostis tenuis, taller (or mead ow) fescue, upright chess, squirrel tail, Elymus striatus. Horsetail Family. — a, Scouring rush (shave grass); c, common horsetail; r, Equisetum limosum, lsevigatum and variegatum. Ferns — c, Maiden hair, brake, Asplenium Filix-fcemina, Cystopheris fra- gilis, sensitive fern, Osmunda Claytoniana ; r, polypody, shield or wood ferns — Aspidium Thelypteris and Goldianum, moonwort (Botrychium Virginicum) ; re, lip fern (Cheilanthes lanuginosa), beech fern, shield or wood ferns — Aspid ium spinulosum and acrostichoides, royal flowering fern. Club-Moss Family. — vr, Selaginella rupestris and apus. Hydropterides. — re, Azolla Caroliniana. CHAPTER VII. IMPORTANT LABORS OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. COUNTY COURT. In 1847 a State election was held for members of the Constitu tional Convention, which Convention prepared and submitted to the people a new constitution, which was adopted by a large majority. By this constitution, in place of the Commissioners' Court a County Court was organized in each county. This Court consisted of a County Judge, and, if the Legislature saw proper to so order it, two Associate Justices. This the Legislature favorably acted upon. The last meeting of the County Commissioners' Court was neld Nov. 7, 1849. After the transaction of such business, as properly oame before them, they adjourned until court in course, but never re-assembled. On the 3d of December of the same year the first regular term of the County Court was held. The duties of the Court in a legis lative capacity were precisely the same as those of the County Com missioners' Court. In addition to the legislative power the mem bers of this Court were permitted to exercise judicial authority, having all the rights and privileges of justices of the peace, together with all probate business. This Court consisted of a County Judge and two Associate Justices. The Judge and Associate Justices acted together for the transaction of all county business, but none other. The Justices had an equal vote with th| Judge, and received the same salary while holding court, which was $2 per day. Two of the three constituted a quorum. Erasmus D. Rice was chosen the first County Judge, being elected Nov. 6, 1849, — the first November election held. The first Associate Justices were Parley C. Stearns and Jesse Benton. Dur ing the existence of this Court the people were agitating the ques tion of township organization. Many counties of the State, since the new constitution, had adopted that mode of conducting county affairs. The constitution gave counties the privilege of adopting either the County Court or the Board of Supervisors. At the fall election in 1849 a vote was taken " for " or "against" township organization, which resulted in favor of the new measure. The following is. an abstract of the vote upon this question at that time ; HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 283 Astoria 89 ... Point Isabel 61 ] Vermont 170 18 Waterford 44 Farmer's 110 ... Lewistown 156 10 Marietta 41 ... Centerville 73 St. Augustine 49 ... Mill Creek 80 Otter Creek 48 2 Fairview 75 Howard's 62 6 Liverpool 78 7 Bernadotte 99 1 Buckheart 69 8 Spoon River 33 13 Canton 353 12 "Wiley 57 4 Farmington 177 Ellisville 55 4 Utica 95 Boyd 48 ... Copperas Creek 44 5 West Point 33 2 Independence 59 Total..... 2,258 93 For some reason not given the vote of Boyd precinct was thrown out. The measure being carried, Hugh Lamaster, Henry Walker and John Bloomfield were appointed by the Court to divide the county into townships. This duty was performed in the early part of 1850. They divided the county into twenty -six townships, the number that still exist, but the names given to some were different from those they now bear. For instance, the present township of Putman was christened Center. Banner was named Utica, and Young Hickory, Hickory. Many citizens of the county were strongly opposed to the town ship system, and a petition was circulated in 1852, to call an elec tion upon the question of repealing the township organization and taking up their old way of running the county. The question was voted upon in April of that year and defeated by 1,630 majority. The building of a fire-proof structure for County and Circuit Clerks' offices was agitated about the time the County Court came into power. Feb. 12, 1850, the Court appointed Henry Walker and Edwin Littlefield to make a draft for this building. It was then ordered that contracts be let for its construction. This was done March 8, 1850, and was awarded to John Tompkins. The County Court had but a short existence, as the county early in 1850 was organized under the township-organization law. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION. This system of county government is so entirely different in origin and management from the old mode by. County Commission ers, which had such a long and favorable run, that we deem a brief synopsis of the differences quite pertinent in this connection. Elijah M. Haines, in his " Laws of Illinois Belative to Town ship Organization," says the county system " originated with Vir ginia, whose early settlers soon became, large landed proprietors, aristocratic in feeling, living alone in almost baronial magnificence on their own estates, and owning the laboring part of the popula tion. Thus the materials for a town were not at hand, the voters 284 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. being thinly distributed over a great area. The county organization where a few influential men managed the whole business of the community, retaining their places almost at their pleasure, scarcely responsible at all except in name, and permitted to conduct the county concerns as their ideas or wishes might direct, was, more over, consonant with their recollections or traditions of the judicial and social dignities of the landed aristocracy of England, in descent from which the Virginia gentlemen felt so much pride. In 1734 eight counties were organized in Virginia, and the system extending throughout the State, spread in all the Southern States and some of the Northern States, unless we except the nearly similar division into ' districts ' in South Carolina, and that into ' parishes ' in Louisi ana from the French laws. " Illinois, which with its vast additional territory became a county of Virginia on its conquest by Gen. George Rogers Clark, retained the county organization, which was formerly extended over the State by the constitution of 1818, and continued in exclusive use until the constitution of 1848. Under this system, as in other States adopting it, most local business was transacted by three com missioners in each county, who constituted a County Court, with quarterly sessions. During the period ending with the Constitu tional Convention of 1847, a large portion of the State had become filled up with a population of New England birth or character, daily growing more and more compact and dissatisfied with the compara tively arbitrary and inefficient county system." It was maintained by the people that the heavily populated districts would always con trol the election of the Commissioners to the disadvantage of the more thinly populated sections, — in short, that under the system "equal and exact justice" to all parts of the county could not be secured. The township system had its origin in Massachusetts, and dates back to 1635. De Tocqueville, in bis work entitled " American Institutions," in speaking of our political system, very properly remarks that two branches may be distinguished in the Anglo-American family which have grown up without entirely commingling, — the one in the South, the other in the North. He discovers the causes which led to this condition of things, which are apparent to the most casual observer. " They arise," he says, " not from design, but from the force of cir cumstances at the beginning. The planting of the original colony of Virginia at Jamestown had for its design the single and naked object of pecuniary profit to the proprietors. Its mission, involved no principle for the benefit of mankind. It recognized the crown of Great Britain, From whence it derived the charter of its existence, as the source of political power. There was no recognition of the principle of self-government. " But the circumstances attending the first settlement of the Col onies of New England, so called, were of an entirely different char acter. The early colonists in this instance were non-conformists, or HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 285 dissenters from the Church of England. They came as exiles, flee ing from the wrath of ecclesiastical tyranny, whose displeasure they had incurred, — cast out as public offenders, ' as profane out of the mountain of God.' Whilst the colonists of Virginia came with the law, those of New England came against the law, or perhaps, more properly speaking, without law. Thereupon arose on the part of the latter a positive necessity for the establishment of law for their mutual protection. The result was a written compact, — this being the first written constitution extant, based upon the general good. It was the first time since the 'morning stars sang together' that the people themselves met in council and framed a government based upon equal rights." The supervisor is the chief officer and representative of the town ship, and it is his duty to prosecute and defend all suits in which the township is interested. The township clerk keeps the records of the township, and the treasurer takes charge of the funds. The establishment, vacation and repair of the public roads is committed to the three commissioners of highways. The supervisor, the two justices of the peace whose terms of office soonest expire, and the township clerk constitute a township board for examining and audit ing the accounts of the town. Since 18J0 the business affairs of the county have been under the guidance of a Board of Supervisors, at present composed of 27 members. It would be unprofitable, as unnecessary, to present in detail the numerous orders, reports, resolutions, etc., of this body. Their proceedings partake a great deal of the nature of a legislature. Among so many men there are always some cool business heads, as well as a good many glib tongues. Some of them are practical, in dustrious workers, others are of the buncombe order, always ready to make a speech or a voluminous report. This has always been the case with such assemblies, and we suppose always will be. June 10, 1850, the Board of Supervisors of Fulton county first assembled. There were present with their proper credentials the following gentlemen : George Bamford, Jesse Smith, George An derson, N. Walker, Jacob Maus, Jacob Hand, Levi H. Bradbury, Joel Piersol, Nathaniel Veatch, J. H. Martin, John L. Jenkins, H. L. Hyatt, A. G. Downing, Jonas Rawalt, J. P. Montgomery, John Wallick, J. Farris, C. Jones, David Markley, Ira Johnson and Geo. L. Curtis. David Markley was chosen on the following day to preside over the assembly. Nov. 13, 1850, Supervisor Rawalt offered the following resolution, which was prompted by several petitions for saloon licenses being presented : "Resolved, That selling spirituous liquor by the small in any community is productive of evil ; and as a Board of Supervis ors, acting in the capacity of agents for the people of Fulton county, should not grant license for evil to the community for the sake of county revenue, or for any other purpose." This very important question was most earnestly discussed, and finally the resolution was defeated. 286 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The subject of building a jail was again brought up Nov. 15, 1850, by Supervisor N. Walker. It was done in a very modest way, however, for the rebuke the old County Commissioners' Court received at the polls upon the same subject was fresh in the minds of everybody. Supervisor Walker's resolution is as follows: "As it has been made by law the duty of the Board of Supervisors of every county in the State to provide a place for keeping in confine ment persons charged with violation of the laws of the State, be it therefore resolved by the Board that in their judgment some action is necessary and right to be given to the subject of building a good, substantial jail, in respect to the wants and wishes of the people of Fulton county." A committee of three — Supervisors Walker, Rawalt and Bradbury — were appointed to investigate the matter. A remonstrance was here presented, containing 527 names, against the county making any appropriations till a vote could be taken at the spring election. Nevertheless, the committee reported favor ably upon the subject and recommended the building of a jail, say ing that " while they acknowledged the right in the fullest sense of the word for the people to direct their agents in the performance of their official duties where those duties rest by a positive rule of law on mere matters of expediency, yet your committee believe that they are bound by positive enactment in sec. 12, act 14, of the or ganization law, to build a jail when necessary ; and your committee cannot entertain a single doubt of the necessity of a suitable jail, nor of the ability of the county to build one without an increase in the ordinary amount of tax." The contest was long and hot, but the jail was ordered built. The site of the present prison was selected and a jail erected 24 feet square, at a cost of $4,214.22. The task of keeping the poor at the county's farm seemed to be burdensome and extravagant. Accordingly, in 1851, the poor farm was ordered sold. L. F. Ross was the purchaser, at $1,425. It was soon found, however, that the expense of keeping paupers was much greater under their new mode than when they were kept at the county farm. So, in September, 1852, it was resolved to buy a farm and build a ^suitable house thereon for the accommodation of the county's unfortunate. In 1854 a farm was purchased within two miles of Canton, upon which the necessary buildings were erected, and since then the poor have been provided for there. The subject of building railroads was agitated as early as 1836; but upon the explosion of the great internal-improvement system inaugurated by the State, nothing more was done in this direction for some years. During the decade between 1850 and 1860, how ever, railroads were projected in almost every direction. In 1853 the Board ordered a subscription of $75,000 to be made to the Mis sissippi & Wabash Railroad, and to the Petersburg & Springfield road. As neither of these roads, or others of the projected ones, were built no bonds were issued to them. In 1857, Oct. 15, $100,- 000 in bonds were issued to the J. & S. Railroad, bearing 8 per HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 287 cent, interest. Aug. 10, 1858, a like amount was issued to the Peoria & Hannibal R. R., and again Oct. 15, 1859, another $100,000 in bonds were given to the same company, bearing 7 per cent. interest. These lines now constitute the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, Thus we see the county has given $300,000 to railroad companies, which is the sum total of all subscriptions made by the county. There are many townships in the county, however, which have given largely to aid the construction of roads. The first of these bonds were redeemed in 1860. Five of them were bought for $600 each. They fell lower the following year, and the county called in four, for which they gave $590 each. In 1862 they went still lower and five were purchased for $2,900, or $580 apiece. From that time forward our bonds advanced rapidly in value, and in 1874 were worth all their face called for. That year the county paid $3,000 for three of them, and the following year paid $20,000 for twenty. To date of Sept. 10, 1878, 210 of these bonds had been redeemed, for which the county paid $196,570. Ninety of them still remain outstanding. The present year, how ever, provision is made for redeeming fifteen of these, and the re maining seventy-five were refunded for a long period with privilege of redeeming after three years. The Board let the contract for building the present safe and com modious jail structure in February, 1867, to E. Kirkbride and Jackson Wiley for $28,300. An additional lot , was purchased adjoining the one already owned by the county and upon which the old jail stood, for $350. The entire building is in height two sto ries, with basement. The architectural design is modern, very neat and well proportioned, presenting as light and cheerful appearance as a prison well can. The jailor's residence is constructed of red brick, and the jail part of limestone. In the Sheriffs residence are eight cheerful rooms, with closets, wardrobes and halls. In the jail part there is an eight-foot corridor extending from east to west through the entire south end of the jail. This was once used as a dicing hall. Facing a small corridor on the west side of the build ing are eight cells, four below and four above. Three of these on each tier are about 5x8 feet in size and one 7x8 feet. Fronting east are four cells. Up-stairs on this side is the women's department, consisting of two large rooms. The jail is one of the most substan tial in this part of the State. We append here a table of the expenses of carrying on this large county for a period of six years. The Circuit Clerk, it will be observ ed, is of but little or no expense to the county directly. He makes his own salary from fees .charged for services, and not only that, but turns over to the county no little revenue. 288 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. COUNTY EXPENDITURES. 1872. 1873. 1874. Poor-house and farm $4,200 $4,150 $3,514 County poor 3,370 3,194 3,435 Criminal 2,268 3,838 3,190 Circuit Court 2,773 2,374 487 Countv Court 3,464 3,493 1,732 County Clerk 4,034 4,080 3,465 Circuit Clerk 90 105 Superintendent of Schools 1,480 1,404 368 Board of Supervisors 1,790 1,281 1,128 Records and blanks 2,679 2,258 2,042 Public grounds and buildings.. 673 1,093 452 Elections 1,577 2,758 1,253 Boads and bridges..: 8,790 2,625 1,024 Ferries 1,929 1,662 1,804 Jurors 2,261 1,584 1,179 Wolf scalps. 940 250 820 Miscellany 63 275 504 Total current expenses 42,381 36,319 26,502 Bonds received 28,700 25,000 Interest paid 16,994 12,260 11,852 Total paid out 88,075 48,579 63,354 1875. 1876. 1877. $5,782 $5,000 15,229 3,002 4,096 5,197 3,794 4,030 6,269 1,135 3,280 1,086 2,041 2,342 2,181 3,103 3,155 97 3,169 384 440 400 1,300 1,177 1,201 2,092 1,847 1,965 1,589 732 511 1,553 1,422 1,125 17,263 4,227 4,379 1,544 1,870 1,518 2,146 2,036 2,127 433 524 513 367 47,252 36,264 37,157 16,000 21,500 15,000 11032 9,605 7,957 74,284 67,369 59,914 CHAPTER VIII. BLACK HAWK WAR. BLACK HAWK CROSSES THE MISSISSIPPI. In 1831 Black Hawk and his band crossed to their old homes on Rock river, but negotiated a treaty and returned to the west side of the Mississippi, promising never to return. But April 6, 1832, he again crossed the Mississippi into Illinois with his entire band. It was not on a war raid that brought him over in 1832 ; but as there is a diversity of opinions in regard to his motives we will briefly give a few of the most credible. It is claimed that he was invited by the Prophet to a tract of land about forty miles up Rock river. Others say he crossed with no hostile intentions, but to accept an invitation of a friendly chief, Pit-ta-wak, to spend the summer with him. Still others, who agree that he did not come to fight, say that when he retired to the west side of the Mississippi the previous year he received a large .quantity of corn and other provisions, but in the spring his provisions were gone, his followers were starving, and he came back expecting to negotiate another treaty and get a new supply of provisions. There is still another explanation, that may enable the reader to harmonize the preceding statements and to understand why Black Hawk returned in 1832. It is well known that in nearly all the treaties ever made with the Indians, the Indian traders dictated the terms for their allies and customers, and of course received a large share of the annuities, etc., in payment for debts due to them. Each tribe had certain traders who supplied them. George Davenport had a trading post at Fort Armstrong. His customers were largely the Sacs and Foxes, and he was held in high esteem by them ; in fact his word was law. It is said that Black Hawk's band became indebted to him for a large amount and were unable to pay. They - did not have good luck hunting during the winter, and he was like ly to lose heavily. If Black Hawk, therefore, could be induced to come to this side of the river again and the people so greatly alarm ed that a military force w©ald be sent in pursuit of him, another treaty could be made; he might assist in making terms and get his pay out of the payments the Government would make, and all would be well. Mr. Amos Farrar, who was Davenport's partner for some years, and who diecl in Galena during the war, is said to 290 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. have declared, while on his death-bed, that the " Indians were not to be blamed ; that if they had been let alone there would have been no trouble ; that the band was owing Mr. Davenport and he wanted to get his pay, and would if another treaty had been made." Although Black Hawk's movement across the Mississippi was at once construed as a hostile demonstration, and Davenport skillfully cultivated the idea, he was accompanied by his old men, women and children. No Indian warrior ever went on the war-path incumbered in that way. More than this, it does not appear, from the 6th of April until the battle of Stillman's Run on the 12th of May, that a single settler was murdered, or suffered any material injury at the hands of Black Hawk or his band. In truth, Hon. H. S. Townsend, of Warren, Jo Daviess county, states that in one instance, at least, when they took corn from a settler they paid him for it. Capt. W, B. Green, of Chicago, writes : " I never heard of Black Hawk's band, while passing up Rock river, committing any depredations whatever, not even petty theft." Frederick Stahl/ Esq., of Galena, states that he was informed by the veteran John Dixon that "when Black Hawk's band passed his post, before the arrival of the troops, they were at his house. Ne-o-pope had the young braves well in hand, and informed him that they intended to commit no. depreda tions, and should not fight unless they wtere attacked." We do not wish to uphold Black Hawk in the depredations he committed upon the whites. We do, however, desire to record events impartially. We believe Black Hawk's motives were greatly mis understood, and it is due to his fame as well as to posterity to record the facts of this war as impartially as it is in our power to do. What ever his motives might have been, it is the unanimous testimony of the survivors now residing on the old battle-fields of that day, that except the violation of treaty stipulations and an arrogance of man ner natural to the Indian who wanted to make a new trade with the " Great Father," the Sacs and Foxes at first committed no serious acts of hostility, and intended none, until the alternative of war or extermination was presented to them by the whites. TROOPS RAISED. i No sooner had volunteers been called for than recruiting began in Fulton county. Gen. Stillman began to muster his men at Canton and ere long was off to the seat of war. Capt. D. W. Barnes raised and commanded one company ; Captain Asa F. Ball another. Asa Langsford was First Lieutenant of the former company and Thomas Clark Second Lieutenant. These men'furnished their own horses and provisions. They moved to Peoria, which was to be a rendezvous for troops. Here they remained for ten days, and one old silver-haired veteran tells us he had as fine a time there as he ever has had in his life. There they found Stephen Stillman, a brother of Major Stillman, who kept a " tavern" and consequently had plenty of" licker." Stephen was a soldier of the war of 1812 and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 291 had lost one leg, but had provided himself with a wooden one, which answered this jovial tavern-keeper very well. He was liberal with his whisky to the boys, and all they had to do for ten days was to take care of their horses and have a jolly good time drinking Still man's whisky, and now and then, merely to break the monotony, have a fight. When the ten days had passed they were joined by com panies from McLean, Peoria and Tazewell counties. There was a question now who should have command of these battalions, Col. Bailey or Major Stillman. Col. Bailey claimed it on the ground of seniority, but as they were old friends this contention ,did not last long. It wis agreed that both should command, — take turn about. On reaching Dixon Gen. Gaines found them both jolly good fellows, and the men all liked them ; and so they decided to hold equal rank and both command. Col. Bailey lived at Pekin and died several years ago in that city. Gen. Stillman was born in Massachusetts in 1792 ; came to Sangamon county, 111., in 1824, and to Canton, Fulton county in 1830. He was a Commissary in the war of 1812, and when residing in New York was Captain of an artillery company. He was a tall, finely- appearing man, and especially did he present an imposing appear ance when adorned in military costume. He brought the first goods at Copperas-Creek Landing and engaged in mercantile busi ness at Canton for six years. He located Copperas-Creek Landing, and it was recognized as his although he never really owned it. It was known as the "lost land," and could not be bought. On Jan. 18, 1818, he was married to Hannah Harwood, a daughter of Oliver Harwood, a native of the old Bay State, and who came to New York early in life. He was in the Revolutionary war, was wounded and taken prisoner, and the British were preparing to execute the death penalty upon him when he was captured by the Americans. Mrs. Stillman, who resides at Canton at present, was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., April 25, 1799. They .had two children when they came to the State and two born to them afterwards. Of these but one is living, namely, Mrs. Mary Barber, wife of Norris Barber, of Elmwood, Peoria county. Gen. Stillman was a brave officer and one who had the esteem of all the men he commanded. The accounts of the famous " Stillman defeat," as generally recorded in history, does this brave commander great injustice. Many attribute the cause of that disaster to his lack of judgment and eagerness to meet the foe when really he was forced to go against his will and better judgment. The soldiers became impatient to rout the Indians, and Gov. Reynolds ordered Major Stillman with his command to move on and meet them. This he objected to doing, saying with his small force of raw militia he could only meet with defeat. The Governor urged him, and then he asked to have Capt. Henry of Springfield accompany him, which he refused to do ; and it only remained for Major Stillman to obey the orders of his superior. His men were undisciplined, and many 292 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of them had just came from the East and South and had never seen an Indian, and none were familliar with the Indian mode of warfare, The consequence was that as soon as they saw the long line of painted redskins and heard their terrible war-whoop, they were so frightened that they could not shoot their loaded guns. The Major and some of his brave officers tried to restore the panic-stricken ranks to order, but in vain.; and it was only the superior generalship of their cool and deliberate commander that prevented the slaughter of half his command. While Gen. Stillman's name will ever be coupled with this disastrous defeat, let no word of reproach be spoken of him for the cause of it. It was a defeat, an ignoble one ; but had the com mander been less able, less cool, less brave, indeed less a general, many more of those frightened pioneers would have fallen in their own blood on the field of " Stillman's defeat." Major Isaiah Stillman, afterward promoted to General, died at Kingston, Peoria county, April 16, 1861. STILLMAN'S DEFEAT. Dixon was the point where the regular and volunteer troops were to meet. Major Stillman with his men reached Dixon, May 10th. The steady, careful movements of the regulars made the volunteers very impatient, and the latter were also exceedingly anxious to ob tain the laurels to be won. The men under command of Major Stillman were particularly anxious to " ketch " the Indians before they could get away. They said the regulars would come crawling along, stuffing themselves with beef, and the Indians would never be " ketched." The officers yielded to the impatience and jealousy of the men, and requested Governor Reynolds to let them go out and reconnoitre the country and find the Indians. Captain Eads, from Peoria, insisted very strongly that they should be allowed to go. The other captains all volunteered, for they did not wish to be termed cowards. The question with them was not whether the mat ter was prudent and necessary, but whether they dared to go. Major Stillman consented to go, against his better judgment. He asked Mr. John Dixon's opinion, and the latter told him very decidedly that the business of "ketching" the Indians would prove very dis astrous for a little force of less than three hundred men. Major Stillman then said that as all his officers and men were determined to go, he must lead them if it cost him his life. Stillman's force started, and just before night May 12, 1832, they encamped at White Rock Grove, in the eastern part of Marion township, Ogle county, near what is now called Stillman's creek. He was very near Black Hawk's encampment, but did not know it. Soon after becom ing aware of the immediate presence of an armed force Black Hawk sent a small party of his braves to Stillman's camp with a flag of truce. On their approach they were soon discovered by some of the . men, who, without reporting to their commander, and without orders, hastily mounted and dashed down upon the approaching Indians, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 293 The latter not understanding this sudden and apparently suspicious movement, all, save two who claimed to be Pottawatomies, retreated toward the camp of their chief. The whites killed two as they fur ther pursued the retreating Indians. The two Indians who refused to run were brought into camp. They said : " Me good Pottawat omie," but pointed over the hill and said, " Heap of Sac." When Black Hawk and his war chief, Ne-o-pope, saw the volunteers dash ing down upon their camp, their flag of truce disregarded, and believing their overtures for peace had been rejected, they raised the terrible war-whoop and prepared for the fray. At this juncture the volunteers formed and moved forward. Be fore going far an Indian prisoner was brought into the camp and sent to the rear. The men moved on and made a halt near a slough. Here the officers went ahead and some kind of a parley was held with the Indians. The latter swung a red flag in defiance. Orders were then given to march forward, when Capt. Eads of Peoria came riding back, and said he was not easily fooled, and that there was ngt less than a thousand Indians coming. The men were then marched back in some confusion across the slough to high ground. There they formed, or tried to form, but were in bad order. The Indians then poured out of the timber, to the front, right and left, and both parties commenced firing ; but the whites were in wuch bad order that those in the rear were in danger of shooting those in front. The Indians came on whooping, yelling and firing, and en circled around on both sides. Major Stillman ordered his men to mount and retreat and form a line across the creek, and also ordered them to break the line of the Indians on the left. Here was confu sion, and one veteran says they did not go to the right or to the left but right straight for home. When they arrived at the creek great effort was made by the officers to halt their men and fight. The brave Capt. Adams cjied out to his men, " Come back, you cowards, and we will whip them." With eight men he made a stand and repulsed a squad of Indians each time, who made eight separate and distinct charges upon them. At last, seeing that with that little force he could do nothing, he told his men they would have to look out for themselves. Two brave soldiers were with him at this time and soon saw him fall ; but he sold his life dearly. He had his horse shot from under him when the retreat began. He bore a deadly hatred towards the Indians, as they had killed many of his relations. Major Perkins was overtaken and killed about a mile and half from the creek, and his body terribly mangled. The loss at this disastrous engagement fell most heavily upon this county. Of thirteen sturdy pioneers who fell at this the battle of the Syca more, Bird Ellis, John Walters, Tyus Childs and Joseph Farris were from Fulton county. There were three of the Farris boys in the company, and Jerry was with his brother Joseph when he was killed ; and he was fired at but escaped when the stalwart brave hit him over the head with his- gun knocking him down. He crawled to a thicket of bushes and lay three days before he was rescued. 294 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. HORRIBLE MASSACRE. After the fatal engagement which has since been known as " Stillman's defeat " or " Stillman's run," the Indians began to com mit great depredations upon the whites. Among other fiendish and murderous raids was one made upon a little settlement on Indian creek. Three families by the names of Davis, Hall and Pettigrew lived there. The Indians appeared in the day-time and massacred them in cold blood, taking a savage delight in their infernal deeds. Some of the inmates were immediately shot down, others were pierced through with spears or dispatched with the tomahawk. The Indians afterwards related with an infernal glee how the women squeaked like geese when they were run through the body with spears, or felt the tomahawk entering their heads. All the victims were carefully scalped, the children were chopped to pieces with axes, and the women were tied up by the heels to the wall of the house. There were two young ladies who tried to conceal themselves by crawling into bed. They were discovered by two young braves who deter mined to have them for wives. Their names were Rachel and Silvia Hall, aged fifteen and seventeen. They were hurried by forced marches beyond pursuit. After a long and fatiguing journey with their cap tors through a wilderness country, with but little to eat, and being subjected to a variety of fortune, they were at last rescued, $2,000 being given as a ransom. It is said that the Indians exacted by far the largest ransom for the elder sister, as she was more quiet and gave the Indians less trouble ; but they let the younger sister go pretty cheap, as she was so saucy and impudent that she made her captors much trouble. The women are still living in the northern part of the State. We are told by a lady who saw the Misses Hall just after their release, that they related to her all the details of the horrible murder of their father, mother and little sister, and their neighbors. They said they could see the scalp, of their little sister every day in the wigwam. After their rescue from the Indians, each of these young ladies were given a section of land by the United States. The account of these atrocities spread rapidly throughout every settlement, creating the greatest panics among the pioneers. Many of them were frightened out of their wits, although no hostile In dians were within fifty miles of them yet ; with these facts and rumors afloat, and the limited means of protection they had at hand, and each cabin being almost entirely isolated, we do not wonder at their timidity. The scare the settlers of Fulton county received is most graphically described by Mr. Swan in his History of Canton, under the title of "The Westerfield Defeat," which account we give below in full. THE WESTERFIELD DEFEAT. In the spring of 1832 the Black Hawk War was a source of great alarm to the citizens of Canton. Major Isaiah Stillman, of Canton, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 295 in command of a battalion of volunteer infantry, was in the field, and had under him most of the young men of the community. On the 13th of May, 1832, the force under his command met with a defeat above Dixon, in Lee county, on what has since been known * as " Stillman's run," and the news soon reached Canton, coupled with the fact that Bird Ellis, Tyus Childs and John Walter, from the vicinity of Canton, had been killed, and a number of others from here wounded. This news not only cast a gloom over the community, but created a feeling of insecurity in the bravest of the settlers, and of decided alarm, amounting in many cases to absolute panic. The settlers were certainly liable to attack from the red skins, who were known to be in force and on the war-path to the north. There was no adequate force in reach to prevent any incur sion they might feel disposed to make, when the " Westerfield De feat," as it was called in derision, occurred. Perhaps never in the history of frontier life has there occurred so broad a farce with so many of the elements of tragedy and melodrama combined. The news of Stillman's defeat had reached Canton, and grief-stricken mothers were in the first anguish of their mourning for slaughtered soils, when rumors reached the settlement of a purpose on the part of Black Hawk and his warriors to move southward for an attack on scattered inhabitants. The excitement was intense. Stories of slaughtered families, of burnt homes, of captive women and children subjected to every fiendish indignity, were the current subjects of conversation at every gathering. Meetings were called in every neighborhood, and preparations for defense or refuge begun. Block houses and stockade forts were erected, and scouts kept constantly in the prairies to the northward to warn the people of the approach of the Indians. One of these forts was erected around the store and residence of Joel Wright, on the corner of Wood and Illinois streets, where Mrs. Wilson now resides. This fort consisted of two block houses and a palisade inclosure of split logs. This was built by standing the logs on end in a deep trench, which was then filled up and the dirt well pounded around the logs. In March, 1832, scouts were sent out by the people of Canton to see if any indication of hostile Indians could be discovered. These scouts had been out several days, but had brought in no report of an alarming nature, when one day toward the last of the month Peter Westerfield, an old frontiersman, and Charley Shane, a French man, determined to go on a scouting expedition on their own respon sibility. They were both well mounted, and, crossing Big creek north of town in the prairie, rode nearly north until they reached a point nearly in the line between Farmington and Ellisville, on Spoon river. The morning before they started out a number of mounted white men had crossed the prairie from Peoria to Quincy, and their trail,^ of- course, was fresh and showed very plainly in the dried prairie grass. They had ridden in single file ( Indian fashion,) and a better sco.ut then even Peter Westerfield might have been deceived 296 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. by their trail. When Westerfield and Shane reached this trail, they both dismounted, examined it carefully, and both were satisfied that it had been made by a large party of mounted Indians. They cau tiously followed the trail until their suspicion crystallized into com parative certainty, when, remounting, they started back toward Canton to alarm the citizens, and take measures for the safety of themselves and families. As they neared Big creek — which by the melting of snow had risen until it was out of its banks — they had a new cause for alarm. Jonathan Buffum and Ed. Therman had holed a wolf, and were shooting into the hole. They were in a direct line between where Westerfield and Shane reached Big creek and Col. Barnes' place, where John Lane now lives. These boys were not only shooting, but indulging in all sorts of unearthly yells, imitating Indians, screaming and hallooing. Another pioneer was squirrel-hunting in the same vicinity, and another party shooting at a mark in the same neighborhood. Westerfield and Shane listened to these noises with undisguised fear. That it was Indians there could be no mistake, — Indians at bloody work, shooting, tomahawking and scalping the families of Col. Barnes and Henry Therman. They did not stop long to con sider, but plunged headlong into the turbid waters of the raging Big creek, and right gallantly did their noble steeds buffet the mad waves until the angry stream divided them from the dreaded foe. Their saddles were wet and heavy, and would load their beasts too much for the fearful race for life they were entering upon, and, with a coolness never too much to be admired, they dismounted and relieved their gallant steeds of the dripping leathern saddles, which were deposited for safety in a convenient thicket of hazel. This was the work of but a moment,, when they remounted their bare backed animals and were away over the smooth prairie, across the few ravines, and on, on to the fort at Canton. As they passed the cabin of Wheaton Chase they shouted, "Injins are killing Barnes' folks : flee for your lives ! " Soon Coleman's grocery was reached, and theory of "Injins! Injins!" reiterated. On, on to the fort they rode, and still their cry was " Injins ! Injins ! " " The Injins have killed everybody at Barnes' and Therman's ! " And now began a scene of the wildest confusion. Men shouted the dreaded alarm ; women screamed ; small boys, pale with fright, crept into the dense hazel-thickets and fled for their lives. Some of these boys were thus hiding for days and days, subsisting on roots, berries and elm-bark. " To the fort ! To the fort ! " was now the cry, and soon the people were gathering, a pale, nervous, affrighted throng, within the little wooden inclosure whicli was then their only hope of safety. To us, who from the distance of nearly forty years contemplate the scene, it is a broad comedy ; but to those affrighted pioneers it was a tragedy, the denouement of which might prove fatal to them and their loved ones. It was known that Keo- 'flsiHtf <^^^^z^^z^ CANTON HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 299 kuk and three thousand warriors were encamped opposite the Yel low Banks, held in check only by his promise of neutrality ; and who would believe the word of the treacherous red-skin ? Black Hawk's band, too, were on the war-path. They had defeated Major Stillman, and men from Canton were among the victims, while between here and the scene of that disaster there was no sufficient force for the protection of the infant settlement. All these facts were well known, and had been frequently canvassed among the settlers. Peter Westerfield was a man, too, in whose word the most unbounded confidence was placed. He was a Baptist licensed preacher, a man of undoubted courage, and had had a considerable frontier experience. He believed the trail he had seen, and the yells and firing he had heard, to be the work of Indians, and had no doubt that Col. Barnes' family had been massacred. What won der the defenseless people were frightened ! Preparations for defense, however, were not neglected. The women filled several large kettles with water, and determined to aid all they could in the common defense by using it on the foe ! There were incidents of broad comedy intermingled, even then, with the tragedy, that caused grim smiles to illumine even faces white with fear, — incidents that have served to enliven many a fireside description of those frightful days. Joel Wright was, by common consent, selected as the commander of the fort, and Isaac Swan as his second in command. Joel was dressed in a light suit, with a linen roundabout. During the excite ment he was everywhere, — assuring frightened women, issuing orders for defensive preparations, and distributing powder and lead to the men. Be it understood, the women preserved their courage far better than their lords, as was evidenced by the fact that when no male hand could be found sufficiently steady to pour melted lead into bullet-molds, a woman volunteered to make the bullets, and made them without spilling a drop of the metal. Mrs. Dr. Coy- kendall was particularly noted for her coolness and courage on this occasion, and did most of the bullet-molding. To recount all the varied phases of this scare would itself require a volume. Some were dramatic, most farcical, as viewed through the light of forty years, and by the knowledge that there was absolutely no danger. Among the amusing incidents of the day was the arriv al, at the fort, of Jerry Coleman and 'Squire McKim, who were at Coleman's mill, on Big creek, when Westerfield's news was com municated to them. Jerry got the word a few seconds in advance of McKim, and being lame, set out at once. McKim, however, was not long in overtaking him. McKim wore an old-fashioned dress or swallow-tailed coat, and as he ran past the slow-paced Jerry, the coat-tails offered so tempting an aid to the boys's flight that he could not refrain from seizing hold of them with both hands. Mc Kim was a large, portly man, who weighed nearly two hundred ; at the same time McKim was a frightened man, and fright is ever self-. 19 300 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ish. He was not willing to be retarded by the weight of Jerry at tached, like the weight to the tail of a kite, to his coat-skirts, so he turned on Jerry and tried to disengage his-hold ; but Jerry's grip was always good, and fear had turned it into a grip of iron : he would not let go. " For God's sake, Jerry, let me go, or we will both be killed ! Please, Jerry, let me save my own life !" But Jerry heed ed not his pleadings ; like Sindbad's Old Man of the Sea,, he could not be shaken off. McKim turned to run, but still the weight of the crippled boy would retard his speed, and he would turn again and plead and fight, and pray for deliverance from the tormenter. Jerry loved life and feared Indians too much to be influenced either by prayer, threats or blows. He hung on, and was still hanging on when McKim dashed into the fort. Jerry found his father gone and the store thrown wide open. He took possession and sold out the whole stock of powder and lead in a few moments, not stopping to take an account of sales or settle with customers. It had cost him nothing, and he sold at cost and was satisfied. Wm. Hannan, Charles Reeves and William Babbett, boys of per haps a dozen years old, were so much infected with the contagion of fear that they determined to seek refuge in flight. They according ly left town and took to the timber. They crossed Big creek north of Jacob Ellis' mill, and struck down the creek through the timber to a point west of Lewistown, where they hid in a dense thicket. Young Reeves had on a pair of buckskin breeches, and during his flight he had got them completely saturated with water. When the party took to cover he pulled them off and hung them up on some brush to dry. This was a serious error on Charles's part, as the sequel showed. He had not taken into his calculation the peculiar idiosyncrasy of buckskin, and found, to his chagrin, that the pants which had fitted exactly before they were wet, and been too large while saturated with the treacherous fluid, were in their driedi state infinitely too small, — so much so that by no amount of stretching, coaxing or pulling could they be induced to come over his bare limbs. He had to give it up in despair, and made the rest of his trip through brush and briers in a primitive toilet, more simple and con venient than pleasant. They were out all the day of the Wester field scare, all the succeeding night, and until the next night, sub sisting on berries and elm-bark. How long they would have hidden no one can affirm — perhaps they would have been hiding until this day — had they not been attracted by the sound of an ox-driver's "Wo-haw, Buck," and ventured to " interview " him, thus learn ing that danger was over and that they could safely return to their homes. At Col. Barnes' the news was tardy in coming that Westerfield brought. The colonel was out serving at the head of his company under Stillman. Stephen Babbett's wife heard the alarm sounded on the east side of Big ceek, and, gathering up one phild and calling HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 301 to her two remaining children to follow, ran at her utmost speed to Barne%'. Henry Andrews, then a boy of perhaps fourteen years, saw her coming and called to know what was the matter. "Oh," she exclaimed, "the Indians are murdering everybody across the creek. The people are running and hallooing 'Indians! Indians!'" Andrews at once sent Col. Barnes' two younger boys over to old Mr. Swegle's to give them them the alarm, and in a short time they returned, bringing with them the old gentleman — who was far ad vanced in years — and his old lady and daughter. Mrs. Barnes now took the direction of affairs, and directed the party to seek shelter in a thicket at the head of a neighboring ravine. To reach this thicket the party were instructed to strike the ravine at a point considerably below, and then to follow up the bed of the stream, wading in the stream to hide their trail. The two small boys led the way, and the old gentleman and the women and children followed. There were fourteen persons in all, and only one boy, armed with a trusty rifle to protect them, Henry Andrews, brought up the rear ; and as he followed he picked his flint and prepared for the struggle for life and for the lives of the women and children who were confided to his guardianship. "Oh, Henry," said Mrs. Barnes, "what can you do with so many of us?" "I will do the best I can and kill as many of them as I can," responded Henry. On reaching the cover of the dense hazel-thicket, the party took to cover, except Henry, who stood guard for a couple of hours ; and they seemed mortal hours to the boy, who looked each moment to have the red-skins pounce upon him. At last, grown tired of wait ing, Henry determined to venture to Canton and see what the real condition of affairs might be. He proceeded very cautiously, keep ing in the cover of the hazel-brush as much as possible, until he reached the "Morse quarter" adjoining Canton, when he came upon John Huff, who was out on guard. Huff was frightened, and it was with difficulty Henry succeeding in making himself known : he succeeded finally, and proceeded to the fort. Here he found the wildest confusion existing. All crowded around him, believing him sole survivor from among the settlers on the west side of the creek. Mutual explanations followed, and at once the scare was at an end. This scare was named, in honor of its progenitor, "Westerfield's De feat," and as such it is still known. The Westerfield scare was by no means confined to Canton, but spread through all the surrounding townships. In the Mallory set tlement — now Putman township — were many settlers, among whom were the Mallorys, Fellowses, Stricklands and Holcombs. There was an understanding between Isaac Fellows and Joel Coykendall, at Canton, that if any serious alarm was given, Joel should communi cate the news to Fellows. No sooner had the word brought by Wes terfield reached Canton, of proximity of Indians, than Joel mounted a fleet horse and rode at utmost speed to Fellows'Sj to warn, him of 302 HISTORY OF ^ULTON COUNTY. danger, according to his promise. The men in the neighborhood had met that afternoon to drill, the place of muster being near old Mr. Holcomb's. Thither Coykendall was directed by Mrs. Fellows who, terribly alarmed, gathered up her two children, Penella and Stephen, and calling for her sister-in-law, Mrs. Cyrus Fellows, started for the same place. The company at drill were terribly excited when Coykendall com municated his news, and at once, by common consent, separated, with the understanding that they would meet and fort at Holcomb's, whose house -was the most roomy in the settlement. Holcomb's house was a cabin with two rooms, and situated on the prairie. He had no stable, but on the ground, ready for raising, had the logs for a small log barn. The men were wonderfully expeditious in collect ing their little families at Holcomb's, — so expeditious, indeed, that not a man of them had thought of his arms. When all wereasssem- bled, the scene would have beggared the pencil of Hogarth to paint all its serio-comic and tragic effects. Women with disheveled locks were praying ; men palsied with fear, and children screaming with affright. Some one suggested that a fort must be built about the house. The suggestion was grasped at, as drowning men grasp at straws. Old Mr. Holcomb siezed a spade, and rushing out before his door, began to excavate. "What on arth are you a doin', old man ?" shouted his wife. "Diggin' a fort," said he, as he frantically exhumed spadeful after spadeful of the rich, black loam. It was soon discovered that the supply of barn logs would not be sufficient for a stockade ; so it was decided to build a breast-work. This was soon completed, and was only about three feet in height. Then was discovered a dire calamity. Here was a breast-work, and here were brawny defenders, but there was only one gun that was serviceable. Breast- works are a good thing in themselves, but with out arms their strong points in defensive warfare could not be brought out to advantage. What was to be done? So much time had been occupied in preparing their fortifications that it was riot probable there would be time to return to their homes for arms before the murdering savages would be upon them, and then, the women have since suggested, their lieges were too much — well, say demoral ized, to venture so far from the fort. Some one suggested clubs; and as there happened to be a convenient thicket, the suggestion was at once adopted. Clubs, those primitive weapons of warfare, were cut in such abundance that Mrs. Isaac Fellows persists to this day in saying there were fully four wagon-loads, — enough to keep the Holcomb family in wood until long after corn-planting. While the young and athletic men were engaged in the club bus iness, old Mr. Strickland, who weighed nearly three hundred pounds and was too fat to venture so far as the thicket, engaged in impro vising for himself a weapon more formidable than the club. Pro curing a bayonet with about one-third of the point end broken off, he fastened it to a hoe-handle ; then stationing himself before a win- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 303 dow in an arm-chair, he poised his blunt spear, and with an expec tant look, pronounced himself ready to send whoever of the red-skins should present himself at that window to his last account. As Strickland sat expectant, waiting, watching, he prayed, — for he was a religious man, — watched and prayed, determined to die at his post, — and no Indian within fifty miles ! While Strickland was preparing his formidable weapon, old Mrs. Stewart, who weighed nearly as much as that old hero, was loading and doubly loading the only serviceable gun. Still the Indians did not come, and men and women began to breathe easier. Finally one bold pioneer volunteered to go down the road toward Canton and see if he could discern any signs of the enemy. He soon returned with hair erect and eyes dilated, and declaring that the "Injins" were coming, marching in solid column, at least a thousand strong ; and now Pandemonium was a quiet place compared with Fort Holcomb. Men, women, children, all were screaming, all were praying, all were — but why attempt to describe what is indescribable ? Had Black Hawk, with any of his braves, been within a mile, the noise then and there would have frightened them out of the country. Still the Indians did not appear. Dark came, lights were extin guished, and in darkness and doubt the frightened people watched and waited. Twelve o'clock, and still no ruthless savage. Dawn, rosy dawn, came, and still the wary savage failed to make morn hideous with his terrible war-cry. And now came a suspicion, faint at first, but gradually growing stronger until it crystallized into con viction, that the scare was without foundation, and then, all at once, men became brave. Messengers were now found willing to go to Canton to learn the extent and cause of the alarm. They soon re turned, bringing the good news that there was. not an Indian within, perhaps, one hundred miles of the county line ! The Westerfield scare was communicated to the Moores' Grove settlement by a runner, who crossed below the Lewistown bridge and made his way to Harvey Crosswait's. Crosswait communicated the alarm at once to his neighbors, inviting them all to take refuge at his new log house, which was quite roomy and tolerably well cal culated for defense. Between Crosswait's and Joshua Moores' there was a ravine that, on account of the melting snow, had been con verted into a raging torrent. Crosswait went as nearly to Moores' as this torrent would permit, and hallooed across to old Mrs. Moores. The old gentleman was now quite old, and^Walters, his son-in-law, had just_been killed at Stillman's defeat. Old Mr. Moores gathered up his sick wife in his arms and, followed by his daughter Jennie, her sister, and their four children, they started for the expected place of safety. On arriving at the slough, they waded in across the bottom for some distance to a foot-log across the small stream, Mr. Moores carrying his wife, the two daughters wading, each' carry ing a child and leading one. When the foot-log was reached, Mrs 304 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Moores expressed her belief that the alarm was false, and insisted on being taken back home ; but at length, yielding to the entreaties of her children and the expostulation of her husband, consented to go forward. The whole party crossed over, the old folks by crawling on their hands and knees, and the younger women by wading through the swift current, carrying one child and dragging the other. This was not accomplished without danger, as the water was deep and the current swift. When the two young women reached the shore, they noticed close behind them a neighbor woman, Mrs. Robinson, with two children, wading through the overflowed bottom toward them, and at once determined to wait for and assist her across. When Mrs. Robinson reached the foot-log, Mrs. Walters called to know where he was. Mrs. Robinson replied, "I don't know. He and his brother were with me until we got to the creek, and then disappeared : I don't know what has become of them." It proved that both men, who were young, stout and hearty, had deserted the poor woman to her fate, and in company had started, as fast as their frightened limbs would carry them, for Springfield. They did not return for more than three weeks. Mrs. Walters and her sister aided Mrs. Robinson to cross the stream, and accompanied her to Cross wait's where the company, with many of their neighbors, remained until dark, when another runner arrived from Jacob Ellis's, inform ing them that there had been no danger. John Orendorff, Esq., relates the incidents of the Westerfield scare occurring east and south of Canton. Orendorff and Richard Addis had started to Hazael Putman's place — since known as the "Woods Farm,"—to attend the muster of their militia company. On the way across the Canton Prairie, and when near the mound; they met Richard Tompkins, who informed them that Peter Wester field had just come home, and brought word that the Indians were killing everybody north of Canton ; that Barnes' folks had all been killed, and the danger was imminent. "Who has seen Westerfield?" asked Orendorff. "George Anderson," was the reply. Orendorff expressing doubt of the truth of Anderson's statement, to some ex tent re-assured Tompkins, and he consented to return and go with Orendorff and Addis to Westerfield's house. Westerfield resided on what is now known as the "Capps Farm." On arriving at Wester field's they found the place deserted, Westerfield having fled to the woods with, his family for shelter. They accordingly turned and rode over to Putman's. Here they found the militia company in consultation as to the course to be pursued. Esquire Orendorff was called upon for his opinion, and, after que'stioning Anderson, who was the only person present that had seen Westerfield, he ex pressed himself in favor of sending a messenger at once to Canton to ascertain the facts, and volunteered to go himself on that errand. Addis at once volunteered to accompany him. The company agreed to remain together at Putman's until their return. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 305 Orendorff and Addis set out at once on their mission, and had scarcely struck the high prairie before they discovered Peter West erfield coming from toward his place, and evidently with the inten tion of joining them. Westerfield was mounted, bare-backed, on v sorrel, raw-boned animal ; his head was "enturbaned" with a red bandana handkerchief; he carried his rifle and shot- pouch by his side, and wore a look of grim determination. He was evidently going to war, and his courage would notfail him. Westerfield communicated his news to Orendorff and Addis, said he had hid his family, and was going to the fort at Canton to aid in its defense. On arriving at Canton they found the scare had subsided, Henry Andrews having come in from the Barnes farm with news of their safety, and that no Indians were in that vicinity. When Westerfield heard this, he grasped Orendorff s arm and exclaimed, "I tell you, Orendorff, it is true, I know. Didn't I hear them and see their trail?" It was no use telling Westerfield that his senses had be trayed him. Orendorff and Addis now rode back to Putman's to notify the com pany that the danger was imaginary ; but on arriving there they . found that the valiant militia, taking a new scare, had run to their homes and were hiding out their families. Thus ended the most exciting day in Canton's pioneer history. CLOSE OF THE WAR. The war went on, resulting in the defeat of the Indians and the capture of their leader. The rangers came home and were dismissed from service. They received therefor the remunerative sum of 86 cents per day for self and horse. Afterwards the general Government was kind enough to give each participant 80 acres of land. INCIDENTS. The following incident was related by one of the few remaining veterans of the war : One day the General (Stillman) and some of the officers started out reconnoitering on a high hill. Some of the boys thought this presented an excellent opportunity to play a good joke on their commander and officers. Accordingly they fixed themselves up in blankets to look like Indians, skirted the hill and appeared to the scouting party from the bushes. The General and party of course thought them Indians, discharged their guns at them and started on a general stampede into the camp, yelling, "Indians ! Indians !" and immediately called all the men into line. On dis covering their mistake the boys had a merry time over the scare, and it was a standing joke on the officers as long as the campaign lasted. Theodore Sergeant was Lieutenant of the Canton militia company during the Black Hawk war, and in that capacity for a considerable period of time had command of the company. After Stillman's de- 306 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. feat, an order came from the Governor to Sergeant for seven men from the Canton company. Sergeant at once nmstered his men in front of Child & Stillman's store, and read the requisition, calling upon those who would go to fall in after the music, which was at the same time ordered to march and counter-march. Up and down tramped the musicians before the company, but not a man fell in behind them. Sergeant was equal to the emergency. Ordering the music to cease, he went into the store and bought two gallons of whisky, which he passed down the ranks treating every man. "Nov boys," said he, "I've got to have seven men or I'll draft them. Music ! forward, march ! Boys, fall in, you who want to go." Either the whisky or the threat, or patriotism, proved potent, and nine more than the required number at once fell in. CHAPTER IX. CRIMINAL RECORD. The criminal record of Fulton county, as the dark contents of this chapter will clearly show, brings her to the front rank in this partic ular, as she stands in every noble one. Sinqe the day wicked Cain slew his brother Abel in the very morning of the world's history, the earth has been bathed in human blood shed by jealous, angry or infuriated human brothers. In Fulton county it seems that life has been held as of little value by many of our people. Men and women for slight pretenses have taken the life of their fellow creatures. The knife, pistol, gun, poison and other weapons have been used with a prodigal hand. For the most trivial offense the knife has been plunged to the vitals of the victim, the fatal bullet sent to his . heart, or the deadly lotion dealt out. By the observant it will be noticed as a significant fact that in the following list of murders com mitted the-ofiense to cause the deadly act to be done has been gener ally slight. Seldom justifiable, it seems to an impartial observer, yet it will be noticed that the punishment meted out to the criminal has invariably been light. Not one in the long list of murderers has been punished with the death penalty. We are not claiming that in any particular case such should have been done, but wish to record the facts impartially as we find them. As above mentioned, it would seem from this state of public sentiment that life is looked upon as not very sacred or valuable by many persons of this county. To illustrate further the slight value placed upon life by some, aside from the terrible facts recorded below, we will refer to a trial once brought before a justice of the peace of Liverpool township. Two neighbor women were brought to trial and prosecuted for the attempt upon the life of another neighbor woman. One of these, while making soap in the open air, had contracted with the other for a very small sum of money, only a few dollars, to kill the third woman referred to. The committal of the dark deed was thoroughly dis cussed, and plans laid to carry it into execution. The woman who for a few dollars had bargained to take the life of one of her neigh bors intended committing the deed with a garden hoe. We do not wish to reflect upon the high moral standing of the citizens of Fulton county in general, but as faithful historians we must impar tially record things as they exist. We have not attempted to give a list of the persons who were in- 308 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. dieted for manslaughter. There is a very long list of these, many of whom. are not murderers simply because they failed in aim, not because they did not intend to commit the deed. We give every case where a person was indicted and tried for murder. James Ogden. In 1840 there was a house-raising at John Morris', in Union township, near Troy Mills. Among those present was James Og den. While at dinner Ogden thought he was insulted by another party, and being of an irritable temperament he became very cross, angry, abusive and profane. George Morris, a young man, became incensed at Ogden's abusive manners, and made his feelings known. The two soon got into a fight. Ogden kicked Morris very hard during the tussle. When parted, Morris remarked that he was badly hurt. He was taken into the house and laid upon a bed, no one supposing that he was seriously hurt; but within fifteen minutes he died. After some time had elapsed Ogden gave himself up to Sheriff Lamaster, was tried, found guilty and sentenced to the penitentiary for one year. He served a portion of his time and was pardoned by Gov. Carlin. We are told that' his treatment while at the penitentiary was very mild, ,he being permitted to drive a team through the streets of Alton and do general outside work. Nehemiah Northup. About noon one day in the summer of 1847 or '48, Norman Bea- mas was married in Liverpool. In the evening of that day, Nehe miah Northup, a resident on the north side of Liverpool island, got to carousing around with women's clothes on, and endeavoring to be a whole "shivaree" of himself. He was not known to have any particular charge against either Beamas or his new wife; but when it was about dusk he met Beamas on the common, passed a few words with him and started off with a gun on his shoulder, waving it up and down. At the distance of a few rods, walking with his back still turned toward Beamas, he fired off the gun, and lo! the shot struck the bridegroom on the neck and lower part of his face, shat tering his lower jaw to pieces and killing him instantly. Northup was arrested and bound over to court under a moderate penalty, but he finally left the country and has since never been heard of. It is related that only a half-hour before the death of Mr. Beamas, the bride was dozing in a rocking-chair and had a very distinct dream of seeing her husband murdered ! Jackson Louderback, Daniel Louderback and John Curless. ' ' ' These parties were indicted March 6, 1849, for the murder of Abraham Littlejohn, of Woodland township. The history of the case, as we have been informed, is as follows : Some time previous to the murder two brothers by the name of Baldwin came into the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 309 neighborhood preaching a new religion. They were formerly fish ermen, we are told, and came from Havana. Their education was limited, but what they lacked in knowledge they made up in zeal and earnestnes, and consequently found many converts to their views. Among them were many of the best and most respected people of that portion of the county. In derision their followers were called Baldwinites, but Union Baptists was the name they claimed. They were infatuated with their new religion and held meetings very often. It was at one of these meetings that Little- john lost his life. It was held at a school-house, or church, and he was appointed to keep order. It seems that the Louderbacks and oth ers came to this meeting expressly to create a disturbance ; at any rate they did so, and while Littlejohn was putting one of their number out of the house Jackson Louderback reached in from without and cut him in the abdomen with a knife. From the wound made he soon died. Jackson made his escape and never has been captured. Daniel and John Curless were arrested and liberated on bail. Dan iel's case was postponed from time to time until the November term, 1851, when he came to trial. Julius Manning assisted the prosecu tion. Wead & Goudy aud Lewis Ross defended. The case was a sharply contested one. He was acquitted. The other cases were then stricken from the docket. Nancy Wilcoxen. Nancy Wilcoxen, a woman of questionable character, was in dicted, March 17, 1852, for the killing of William Weston.. She went from her home in Liverpool township to Liverpool on the day of the night of the murder, and purchased a knife for the avowed purpose of killing Weston. He was at her house, and it is said he bore but a little better reputation than the woman. That night she killed him. Her attorneys were Manning, Ross and Blackwell, while Wead & Goudy assisted the prosecution. She was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to the penitentiary for six years. She was pardoned, however, before her term of service was completed, came back to this county, and subsequently went to Sangamon county, where she died. Rebecca Dye. This was a case brought from McDonough county on a change of venue, but it was the most exciting trial ever held in the county. It lasted nine days. The court room was crowded at every session, many ladies being constantly in attendance. On the evening of the 27th of May, 1854, Mrs. Dye killed her husband, James Dye, as it was alleged. David B. Burress was arrested as an accessory to the crime, but broke jail before trial. Mrs. Dye was tried at the April term of the Circuit Court, 1855. The prosecuting attorneys were Messrs. Goudy,. of Fulton, Wheat, of Adams, and Schofield & 310 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mack, of Hancock; For the defense, Messrs. Manning, of Peoria Kellogg and Ross, of Fulton, and Cyrus Walker of McDonoiijjfc Probably a more able array of counsel could not have been procured in the entire State. William C. Goudy opened the case for the people and Cyrus Walker for the defense. Some eighty or ninety witnesses were examined. The case was given to the jury after able arguments on both sides. It remained out for fifteen hours and brought in a verdict of guilty, and fixed the punishment at confine ment in the penitentiary for five years. She was pardoned long be fore the expiration of her term, returned to Macomb, and died in 1874. William Tait. In November, 1857, Wm. Tait was indicted for the killing of Hamilton Brown at Astoria. One night while passing along the street Brown was struck upon the head with a stone or a piece of iron. From the wound inflicted he died. Tait was supposed to have thrown the stone and therefore was indicted for the murder. He was liberated upon bail fixed at $500. He was tried and ac quitted. Cyrus Walker was his attorney. Simon R. 0. and John W. Hardy. A fracas occurred in the little village of Slabtown Wednesday, April 27, 1859, in which Daniel Richardson was instantly killed and John O. Hardy severely wounded. There had been a lawsuit that day in which Richardson was interested, and it not termin ating to please him, and, it is said, he being somewhat intoxicated, became quarrelsome. He attacked, as it was claimed, John 0. Hardy, an elderly gentleman, and struck him two or three times, when young Hardy approached ; and as he attempted to draw a pistol Rich ardson threw a stone, which struck the weapon, causing it to discharge its contents iirtothe young man's thigh. The old man then drew a knife and stabbed Richardson to the heart, killing him instantly. The two Hardys were brought to trial at the June term, 1859,, on the charge of murder. From 96 men a jury was chosen and the case given into their hands. They rendered a verdict of "not guilty." Isaac Harris. A young man by the name of Vaughn was murdered at Vermont, Tuesday, July 15, 1860, by Isaac Harris, another young mm. The weapon used was a club. The young men had always been warm friends. They were traversing a road near Vermont, and Vaughn became so helpless from excessive drinking that he fell upon the ground and could not get up. Harris tried to arouse him by pounding him with a stick, but without success. He then took a fence stake and literally pounded the prostrate man to death. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 311 Vaughn was taken home and died that same evening. It seems that there was no ill-feeling between the two men : they were only drunk. Harris was indicted for murder and tried at the October term of the Circuit Court, found guilty of manslaughter and sent to the penitentiary for fifteen years. Jackson Bolen. In Nov., 1862, Bolen killed James Mahary, of Vermont. This occurred during the war, and it seemed the latter had charged the former with being a Missouri jay-hawker and thief. Bolen hearing of the charges, went to Mahary for satisfaction, when a collision en sued, which resulted in Mahary being stabbed to death. Bolen was indicted Feb. 26, 1863, and tried at the March term of the Circuit Court and acquitted, the jury believing he committed the deed in self-defense. Thomas Wright was brought to trial at the March term of the Circuit Court, 1862, for the killing of a Mr. Helm. The case was dismissed during trial by the prosecution for want of evidence. George W. Potts. Friday, Jan. 16, 1863, at Apple's school-house, four and a half miles east of Lewistown, Zachariah Shaw, jr., met his death, by be ing stabbed with a bowie-knife in the hands of Geo. W. Potts. A spelling-school had been in session at the school-house, and imme diately after its close an affray occurred between several persons, resulting in Shaw's death. Potts made his escape. He was indicted Feb. 28, 1863, for manslaughter, but he could not be found. The case ran along from term to term until Dec. 14, 1869, when it was stricken from the docket. Eli. Watkins, Abraham Pelham, Henry Schroder and Jackson Welch. These parties, who resided in Menard county, killed an innocent mid inoffensive boy near Havana, Mason county, and were brought here on a change of venue from that county. Thev were taking a drove of cattle through the county, and stopped at Havana and be came intoxicated. They met their victim, who was a German boy of twelve or fifteen years of age, in the road, and ordered him off, and without further provocation shot him down. They were all acquitted. Ira Cobb. This man killed a Mr. Baker, of Woodland township. Both parties were respected, and well-to-do citizens. They got into a fuss, however, over the difference of only fifty cents in making a settlement with each other, and Cobb shot Baker with a pistol. 312 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The ball entered the head of its victim and proved fatal immediately. Cobb was indicted for murder Sept. 29, 1864. He took a change of venue to Peoria county, was tried, found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced for ten years. A new trial was granted, and by agree ment the case was returned to this county, here he broke jail and was gone four years. Shortly after his escape he was captured in Indiana. Sheriff Waggoner hurried forward to get his prisoner, but ere he arrived Cobb had again escaped. This time he evaded the authorities for about four years, when Sheriff Waggoner caught him in Kansas. When he returned he was brought to trial, but the prosecution was compelled to beg for a continuance, as every wit ness for the State had either died or left the State. He pleaded guity, we believe, and was sent to the penitentiary for one year, but was soon pardoned. Thomas Richardson. In June, 1865, the village of Marbletown was thrown into con siderable excitement by the announcement of the murder of Daniel Lash. Lash was a farm-hand at the time in the employ of Hiram Marble. Richardson, a cripple, kept what was familiarly known as a "jug grocery," — in other words, a saloon. Lash, who was a des perate fellow and regarded as an outlaw, came to this saloon using threatening language, toward Richardson, and soon endeavored to strike him. Richardson in the mean time secured a hatchet, and when opportunity presented struck Lash a hard blow, which proved fatal. Lash exclaimed "He has killed me!" and after walking about seventy yards fell. Richardson was arrested for the murder, but the grand jury refused to indict him, and be was set at liberty. Catherine Lewis, alias Catherine Todd, and Robert Todd. These parties were indicted April 20, 1865, for committing mur der by poisoning ; they were tried at the November term of the Circuit Court, 1865, and found not guilty. Robert, however, was not discharged until April 20, 1866. A further account will be given in the history of Pleasant township), where the murder was committed. William A. Jones. The victim of this fracas, which occurred in Bryant, was Wesley- Pit tman. Jones was indicted April 21, 1866, found guilty of man slaughter April 18, 1867, and sent to the penitentiary for two years. He killed Pittman with a rock. Sheriff Waggoner took him to State's prison, where he died. John Yarnell. This man was indicted April 23, 1867, for killing City Marshall James P. Goodwin, of Lewistown. He took a change of venue to HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 313 McDonough county and was sent to the penitentiary for fourteen years. He, however, only served f.bout eighteen months, when he was pardoned. Oscar Craig. Craig shot and killed Thomas Brown, in Otto, and seemingly without any provocation whatever. He was indicted for murder Aug. 25, 1870, took a change of venue to Tazewell county and was acquitted. Lemuel Purdy, Pitts Lawrence Purdy and Samuel Nicholson. These parties were indicted Aug. 29, 1871, for the murder of a Swede. The fatal affair occurred on the night of the 4th of July, 1871, at a saloon called Shoo Fly, one mile east of Lewistown. A majority of the crowd at this place that night were intoxicated. The Swede had but recently come to this country and is said to have been a very quiet, inoffensive man. In a fracas that occurred he was struck down with a club,' and he died from the effects of the in juries received. Nicholson was tried at the April term, 1873, and found "not guilty." Pitts L. Purdy took a change of venue to Schuyler county, where he also was acquitted. Lemuel Purdy took a change to Macon county, tried, found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced for five years. He was pardoned at the end of three years. All of these parties were accounted good, respectable citizens. John Marion Chesney. Chesney killed a negro at Abingdon, Knox county, in 1873. He was indicted for murder in the fall and a change of venue was taken to this county, where, at the December term, 1873, he was acquitted. William Odell. Odell was indicted for murder Aug. 1, 1875. He was a consta ble and lived at Havana, Mason county. He levied upon a boat belonging to a man by the name of Patterson, who lived near the Copperas-creek dam. Patterson was a bad character and a desper ate man, which fact was known to Odell. He attempted to retake the boat from Odell, and in the attempt Odell began shooting at him, and fired four times, killing him instantly. Odell was tried in this county and acquitted. Jonathan B. Berry. About sundown July 10, 1876, Jonathan B. Berry shot and killed John J. Lalicker, of Pleasant township. Berry had married a widow lady named Maggie Shuman, and on the evening of the murder Berry was whipping one of her boys ; and to help control 314 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. him she sent one of her sons, Willie Shuman, a boy of a dozen sum mers, to Mr. Lalicker's, who lived near, for assistance. Mr. L, hurried over according to the request, and as the two entered the yard Berry warned Lalicker not to enter the house. Berry fired at him through a window and again in the house, one of the shots proving fatal, killing Lalicker almost instantly. Berry was indicted at the August term of Circuit Court, 1876, and tried at the Decem ber term, found guilty and sent to the penitentiary for ten years. He is now confined there. Richard B. Heather. In 1876, Oct. 26, Richard B. Heather killed S. Peter Johnson, at Abingdon, Knox county. His bail was fixed at $15,000, and he took a change of venue to this county, was tried at the April term and convicted of manslaughter and sent to the penitentiary, but the fol lowing November pardoned. This was one of the most exciting trials that ever occurred in the county. Joseph Mayall. Mayall and Willis were both plasterers by occupation and resided in Ipava. It appeared that Wm. Collier had a job of plastering which both parties wanted to do. Finally Willis was awarded the work, which Mayall thought was obtained by defaming him as a workman. An altercation ensued between them. Willis had a hatchet in his hand and seemingly made some movement with it toward Mayall, when the latter said, " You are not going to hit me with the hatchet, are you ?" Willis threw the hatchet down and they both walked toward the gate. Upon arriving at the gate Mayall pulled out a knife and cut Willis, from the wound of which he died. Mayall was tried at the December term of the Circuit Court, 1876, and acquitted. Jacob Mabes. Mabes was indicted for murder Sept. 1, 1877, for the killing of Bryan Daily, in Orion township. Both men were intoxicated and were each driving a wagon along the road. Mabes tried to drive around Daily, which the latter prevented. He then struck him with a missile, the blow killing Daily. Mabes was admitted to bail Dec. 7, 1877, the amount of the bond being $3,000. He was tried at the April term of the Circuit Court, 1878, and found "not guilty." Stephen Joy. At Bernadotte, about 5 o'clock p. m., Saturday, July 19, 1879, Dr. Sylvester O. Hall, the leading physician of the village, met his death at the hands of Stephen Joy, an old and respected citizen, and phenomenally zealous in his religion. The facts as gleaned from the evidence at the Coroner's inquest, the trial of Joy not having •'•m HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 317 yet occurred, were about as follows : On the morning of the mur der Mr. Joy agreed with Dr. Hall that, if he would buy a pony offered for sale by Perry Jones, he would take the animal off his hands at $20 cash. The doctor accordingly made the trade, took the pony to Joy's store and notified him that the animal was ready for him. Joy told him to hitch the animal and come in, which Hall did. Joy hesitated for a little while and then backed squarely out of the trade. This greatly enraged the doctor and some very bitter words passed, resulting in the doctor commencing a suit against Joy for damages. The trial was set for July 26, before 'Squire Shipton. All this occurred before noon. The parties dis cussed the question publicly during the day, and the very air seemed impregnated with bad blood. Between four and five o'clock in the afternoon Hall sauntered around to Joy's store, and sat down upon the sidewalk at the south east corner of the building, while Joy occupied a bench near by. Hall sat several inches lower than Joy and they were not more than four feet apart. Some bitter words ensued, when Hall called Joy a hard name. Joy had been whittling with a large pocket knife, and at this moment reversed the knife quickly, blade down ward, and saying, " This mutt be settled," struck a quick blow at Hall's bare neck, when a huge stream of blood spurted eight or ten feet away. Hall seized his neck as if to stay the blood, and said, " He's killed me ! " Within five minutes after the stab he died. The wound severed the left carotid artery and jugular vein. Quite a large number of persons were sitting around the two men when the tragedy occurred, and the blow could easily have been stayed had there been any suspicion that one would even strikcthe other. But it was all done in a flash — in the twinkling of an eye. The epithet uttered by Hall, the response by Joy, and the instant thrust with the knife, — all took place while the disputants were rising to a half-standing position. Stephen Joy was indicted for murder August 21, 1879, and his trial postponed. Friday, September 5, 1879, Joy was brought be fore Judge Shope, on a writ of habeas corpus, to have an examin ation with the object of securing his bail. After ' a very full hearing the Judge admitted him to bail in the sum of $25,000, which was given, and the trial set for the next term of Court. CHAPTER X. PIONEER LIFE. LOG CABINS. We shall, in this chapter, give as clear and exact description of pioneer, life in this county, as we can find language to picture it in, commencing with the time the sturdy settlers first arrived with their scanty stores. They had migrated from older States, where the prospects for even a competency were very poor, many of them coming from Kentucky, for, it is supposed, they found that a good State to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture, imple ments and family necessities were easibj* stored in one wagon, and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle. As the first thing after they arrived and found a suitable location, they would set about the building of a log cabin, a description of which may be interesting to the younger readers, and especially their descendants, who may never see a structure of the kind. Trees of uniform size were selected and cut into pieces of the de sired length, each end being saddled and notched so as to bring the logs as near together as possible. The cracks were "chinked and daubed" to prevent the wind from whistling through. This had to be renewed every fall before cold weather set in. The usual height was one story of about seven or eight feet. ' The gables were made' of logs gradually shortened up to the top. The roof was made by laying small logs or stout poles reaching from gable to gabkj suit able distances apart, on which were laid the clapboards after , the manner of shingling, showing two feet or more to the weather, The clapboards were fastened by laying across them heavy poles called "weight poles," reaching from one gable to the other, being kept apart and in their place by laying pieces of timber between them called "runs," or "knees." A wide chimney place was cut out of one end of the cabin, the chimney standing entirely outside, and built of rived sticks, laid up cob-house fashion, and filled with clay, or built of stone, often using two or three cords of stone in building one chimney. For a window a piece about two feet long was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes with glass but oftener with greased paper pasted over it. A doorway was also cut through one of the walls, and the door was made of spliced clap boards and hung with wooden hinges. This was opened by pull- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 319 ing a leather latch-string which raised a wooden latch inside the door. For security at night this latch-string was pulled in, but for friends and neighbors, and even strangers, the "latch-string was always hanging out," as a welcome. In the interior, upon one side, was the huge fire-place, large enough to contain a back-log as big as the strongest man could carry, and holding enough wood to supply an ordinary stove a week ; on either side were poles and kettles, and over all a mantle on which was placed the tallow dip. In one cor ner stood the larger bed for the old folks, under this the trundle- bed for the children; in another corner stood the old-fashioned, large spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side ; in another the pine table, around which the family gathered to partake of their plain food ; over the door hung the ever trustful rifle and powder-horn ; wjiile around the room were scattered a few splint-bottomed chairs and three-legged stools ; in one corner was a rude cupboard holding the table ware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers and blue- edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table furniture more conspicuous. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler, seeking lodgings for the night or desirous of spending a few days in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader may not easily imagine ; for, as described, a single room was made to serve the purpose of kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed room, and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight mem bers. Soon finer and more costly buildings were erected. Mr. Swan in his History of Canton describes the first frame building erected in that city as follows : " The first frame house erected on grounds now within the pres ent city limits was built for Deacon Nathan Jones, in' the spring of 1830. Isaac Swan was the 'boss carpenter,' and was aided by the deacon. This building is still standing, on the south side of Jones street, between Wood and Lewistown streets, and is now occupied by Mrs. Dean. It is a two-story' frame house. The frame, of the 'old-fashioned' variety, was built without any sawed stuff; the joists and studding being split out of heavy timber, the sills and plates hewed, and the weather-boarding of split boards, shaved. The weather-boarding was not jointed, but the ends of the clapboards were shaved thin and lapped. The roof was laid with split and shaved oak shingles. The floor, door-frames, corner-boards and stairs, were alone of sawed lumber. When the carpenters had fin ished their work, Mrs. Jones took the job of painting, and did quite a respectable job, too, painting it Venetian red. This house was considered the most stylish in the country. As Deacon Jones was Postmaster and kept the postoffice at his house, it became the place of resort for the most intelligent of the pioneers, who would congregate here and discuss educational and religious topics. This 320 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. building was not on the original town plat, however, being then considered out of town. The first frame erected on the original town site was built in 1831, and was the property of Joel Wright. This building was, in fact, but an^laddition to an already existing cabin. Isaac Swan was also the builder of this. It was occupied by -Mr. Wright as a store-room, and was situated on the southeast corner of Wood and Illinois streets. This building is still stand ing, but has been removed from its original site, and is now standing on First street, between Illinois and Cole streets. It was occupied until recently by David Will, as a wagon-maker's shop." SELECTION OF HOMES. For a great many years but few thought it advisable to attemp.t farming on the prairie. To many of them the cultivation of the prairies was an untried experiment, and it was the prevailing opin ion that the timber would soon become very scarce, — a fear soon proven to be without foundation. Another obstacle that was in the' way for a great many years, was that no plows suitable for breaking the prairie land could be had. The sod was very much tougher then than it was in after years when the stock had pastured the prairies and killed out the grass to some extent. It would be astonishing to the younger residents to see the immense crops of prairie grass that grew upon the fields which are to-day in such a high state of cultivation. It grew in places six to twelve feet high. It was these immense crops of grass that furnished the fuel for the terrible fires that swept over the prairies during the fall. Then, again, there was so much of the prairie land that was considered too wet to be ever suitable for cultivation. Many of the older set tlers now living well remember when farms that are now in the highest state of cultivation were a vast swamp. There was another drawback in the settlement of the prairies, and that was the great labor and cost of fencing. But the principal reason for locating in the timber was that many of their cabins were poor, half-finished affairs, and protection from the driving storms was absolutely re quired. The timber also sheltered stock until such times as sheds and out-buildings could be erected. That the time should soon go me when intelligent, enterprising farmers would see that their in terest lay in improving prairie farms, and cease clearing fields, when there were boundless acres presenting no obstacle to the most perfect cultivation, argues nothing in the policy of sheltering for a time in the woods. In regard to the pioneers settling along the timber, we often hear remarks made as though the selection of. B.uch locations implied a lack of judgment. Those who are disposed to treat it in that, manner are asked to consider carefully the above facts, when they will conclude such selection argued in their, favor. Clearing of timber land was attended with much hard labor. The underbrush was grubbed up, piled. into heaps and burned. The large HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 321 trees were in many cases left standing, and deadened by girdling. This was done by cutting through the bark into the wood, generally through the "sap," all around the trunk. MILLING. Not the least of the hardships of the pioneers was the procuring of bread. The first settlers must be supplied at least one year from other sources than their own lands. But the first crops, however abundant, gave only partial relief, there being no mills to grind the grain. Hence the necessity of grinding by hand power,' and many families were poorly provided with means for doing this. Another way was to grate the corn. A grater was made from a piece of tin, sometimes taken from an old, worn-out tin bucket or other vessel. It was thickly perforated, bent into a semi-circular form, and nailed, rough side upwards, on a board. The corn was taken in the ear and grated before it got dry and hard. Corn, however, was eaten in various ways. Soon after the country became more generally settled, enterpris ing men were ready to embark in the milling business. Sites along the streams were selected for water-power. A person looking for a mill-site would follow up and down the stream for a desired loca tion, and when found he would go before the County Commis sioners and secure a writ of ad quod damnum. This would enable the miller to have the adjoining land officially examined, and the amount of damage by-making a dam was named. Mills being such a great public necessity, they were permitted to be located upon any person's land where the miller thought the site desirable. BAND-MILL. John Coleman established a mill north of the Fairview bridge. This mill was celebrated for " making haste" — and meal — "slowly." It was said that it ran so slow that the dogs were in the habit of chewing in two the band while the mill was running, when Cole man would call to Jerry, who drove the team, to know what, was the matter; and Jerry would respond that the "dod-durned dogs had chewed the band in two again." Jacob Ellis erected a water-mill between' Canton and Lewistown about 1824, which did a good busi ness. He erected another mill near Canton, on Big Creek, about 1829-30. NATIVE ANIMALS. The wild animals infesting this county at the time of its settle ment were the deer, wolf, bear, wild-cat, fox, otter, raccoon, wood- chuck or ground-hog, skunk, mink, weasel, muskrat, opossum, rab bit and squirrel; and the principal feathered game were the quail, prairie-chicken, and wild turkey. Several cf these animals furnished meat for the early settlers ; but their principal meat did not consist 322 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. I long of game. Pork and poultry were, soon raised in abundance. The wolf was the most troublesome animal, it being the common enemy of the. sheep. It was quite difficult to protect the sheep from their ravages. Sometimes pigs and calves were also victims of the wolf. Their howlings in the night would often keep families awake, and set all the dogs in the neighborhood to barking. Their yells were often terrific. Says one settler : " Suppose six boys, having six dogs tied, whipped them all at the same time, and you would hear such music as two wolves would- make." To effect the destruc tion of these animals the county authorities offered a bounty for their scalps ; and, besides, big hunts were inaugurated for their destruction, and " wolf hunts " are prominent among the memories of the early settlers. Such events were generally turned into a holiday, and everybody that could ride a nag or stand the tramp on foot joined in the deadly pursuit. A large . circuit was generally made by the hunters, who then closed in on every side, driving the hungry wolves into the center of the corral, where they were despatched. The return home with the carcasses was the signal for a general turn-out, and these " pleasure parties" are* still referred to by old citizens as among the pleasantest memories of early .life in Fulton county. Many a hungry wolf has been run down on the prairies where now is located a town or a fine farm residence. This rare old pastime, like much of the early hunting and fishing the pioneers indulged in here, departed at the appearance of the locomotive. BEE-HUNTING. During the early settlement of this part of the State, one of the prevailing customs of the pioneers was " bee-hunting." Often a small company would travel many miles into a wild, unsettled country, in search of the sweet, flavored honey of the wild bee. Large trees containing many , gallons, and often a barrel, were fre quently found by bee-hunters. The little, busy bees would be carefully watched as they flew heavily laden with the richest extract of the flowers that were purely native and unknown to the present generation. They always took a " bee-line " for their homes. This was a correct guide to the sturdy hunter, who had studied with care the ways of the bee and by their knowledge took advantage of the little insect. Once on t e trail, good bee-hunters were almost certain to capture the rich prize. After the bee-tree was discovered it was no trouble to get possession of the honey. The tree was felled, and the hunters would rush for their booty ere it was lost by running out upon the ground. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The pioneer, was more freely and heartily social with his friends, and cold toward his enemies, than we seem to be at the present day; and he showed what race he belonged to by his efforts to establish religious, philanthropic and educational institutions. The young HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 323 folks, we have no doubt, found many ways of robbing old Time of loneliness. It would be unfair to suppose them, especially the ladies, destitute of fashionable aspirations, but the means for gaudy display were very much circumscribed in those days. The male attire consisted chiefly of buckskin, or homespun cloth, — we might add home-woven, the loom being far more common in or near their rude huts than the piano or organ. They were not, however, desti tute of musical taste, and many of their vocal performances would compare favorably with our present choirs. We may safely say they sang with the spirit. Most of the ladies, also, wore homespun, which they manufactured from wool, flax, cotton, and the bark or lint of the nettle, colored with such ingredients as nature provided, without the aid of art. A few even adopted buckskin. How many yards of the latter article were required for a fashionable dress in those times, or in what particular style it was cut and trimmed, we are not informed, and must leave the ladies to draw their own con clusions. These dresses certainly were durable, and shielded the wearer in out-door exercises incident to the planting, attending and gathering of crops, in which pursuit the ladies in all new countries assist. Another of the prevailing fashions was that of carrying fire arms, made necessary by the presence of roving bands of Indians, most of whom were ostensibly friendly, but like Indians in all times, treacherous and unreliable. These tribes were principally Pottawatomies. There were also in the northern part of the State several tribes of hostile Indians, ready at any time to make a mur derous, thieving raid upon the white settlers ; and an Indian war at any time was an accepted probability ; and these old settlers to day have vivid recollections of the Black Hawk and other Indian wars. And, while target practice was much indulged in as an amusement, it was also necessary for a proper self-defense, the settlers finding it necessary at times to carry their guns with them when they went to hoe their corn. In some instances their guns were stacked in the field and the laborers worked for a certain dis tance around them, and then moved the guns to a certain position and again proceeded with their work. These were only a few of the hardships incident to pioneer life, which was largely made up of privations, inconveniences and dan gers. They had few labor-saving machines and no reliable markets. Even communication by letter with their distant friends and rela tives was rendered difficult for want of proper mail facilities, and sometimes for the want of money to pay the postage on the letters sent to them, — the postage then being .twenty-five cents for a single letter, many of which remained in the office for weeks on account of the inability of the persons addressed to pay the postage. 324 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. PREACHING OF THE GOSPEL. The early settlers were not entirely without preaching. Says an old pioneer on this subject : " The ministers of the Gospel of the Savior of the world hunted us up and preached to what few there were ; therefore we did not degenerate and turn heathen, as any community will where the sound of the gospel is never heard. I shall not give their names, though sacred in memory, for they were not after the fleece, but after the flock, because they had but little to say about science and philosophy, but spoke of purer things." EDUCATION. Though struggling under the pressure of poverty and privation, the early settlers planted among them the school-house at the ear liest practicable period. So important an object as the education of their children they did not defer until they could build more come ly and convenient houses. They were for a time content with such as corresponded with their rude dwellings, but soon better build ings and accommodations were provided. As may readily be sup posed, the accommodations of the earliest schools were not good. Sometimes school was taught in a small log house erected for the purpose. Stoves and such heating apparatus as are now in use were unknown. A mud-and-stick chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth and fire-place wide and deep enough to take in a four-foot back-log, and smaller wood to match, served for warm ing purposes in winter and a kind of conservatory in summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and may be a few lights of eight-by-ten glass set in, or just as likely as not the aperture would be covered with greased paper. Writing benches were made of wide planks, or likely puncheons, resting on pins or arms, driven into two-inch auger-holes, bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made out of puncheons, and flooring of the same material. Everything was rude and plain ; but many of America's greatest men have gone out from just such school-houses to grapple with the world and make names for themselves, and have come to be an honor to their country. Among these we can name Abraham Lincoln, our martyred President, one of the noblest men ever known to the world's history. Stephen A. Doug las, one of the greatest statesmen of the age, began his career in Illinois teaching in one of these primitive school-houses. James H. Murphy, who taught school at Canton in an early day, will probably remember the time he was asked for a holiday by his scholars and he refused to grant it. The following morning four ofhis scholars, J. L. Murphy and three Fenton boys, went to the school-house quite early, entered, locked and barred the door, and refused the teacher admittance when he came, unless he would grant them the desired holiday. He expostulated, but the boys were obdurate. He resorted to the chimney, covering the top ot HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 325 smoke the boys out, but this proved useless. Finally he broke through a window and effected an entrance, when the boys pitched into him and proved the stronger. They bound him with ropes, yet he would not promise the holiday. At last they threatened to _, duck him in a pond that was near unless he. promised. This was to severe for him ; so he yielded and gave the school the holiday. But all these things are changed now. We no longer see log school-houses. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures, which for elegance and beauty of design rival those of older-settled countries ; and in place of the " masters," who were " looked up to " as superior beings, and were consulted on all matters of law, physic and religion, there are teachers of liberal culture, intelligent and progressive, many of whom have a broad and comprehensive idea of education, and regard their labor as something more than teaching merely in order to make a living, — more than a knowledge of a great number of facts in the uni verse of mind and matter. It means culture, the educating, devel oping and disciplining of all the faculties of the human mind. It is the comprehension of the entire being of man ; and the school or teacher who takes charge and care of the young should provide the means and methods for carrying forward the process in all departments of their complex natures, physical, mental and spiritual. MARKETS. The earliest settlers of the county went to St. Louis with what little produce they had to -sell, and the merchants bought all their goods in that city. Soon, however, Peoria became a market, and pro duce was wagoned to that city and from there sent south on the river. There was at that time no sale for corn, or comparatively none, and wheat would bring but a small price ; so that really there was no impetus given to the raising of grain of any sort, except for home consumption, until the advent of the railroad. At that time improev- ment began. The great resources of the county which had scarcely supplied more than home demand were then turned to supply the wants of thousands. That occasion, the advent of railroads, was the commencement of agricultural development. It was the com mencement of the manufacturing institutions the county can now boast of; it was the building of her thriving cities and towns ; indeed it was the beginning of progress. One of the earliest steam-boats in the Illinois-river trade was the steamer " Exchange," which plied between St. Louis and Peoria. She was familiarly known as "the Shingle Weaver," so called from the fact of her carrying upon her hurricane deck a machine for cut ting shingles, which was operated by the machinery of the boat,\ cutting whenever the boat was in motion. Shingle timber would be obtained at the wood-yards along the river, and market found for the manufactured goods either at St. Louis or Peoria. This 326 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. boat was an especial favorite with the people of this county,, many of whom would, when desiring to take a trip by river, wait for her coming, and most of the early stocks of goods were shipped on her' she also carried most of the county's " beeswax " and other products to their market. " When the first settlers came to the wilderness," says an old set tler, " they all supposed that their hard struggle would be principally over after the first year ; but alas ! we looked for ' easier times next year' for about ten years, and learned to bear hardships, privation and hard living as good, soldiers do. As the: facilities for making money were not great, we lived pretty well satisfied in an atmos phere of good, social, friendly feeling, and thought ourselves as good as those we left behind when we emigrated West." CHILLS AND FEVER. One of the greatest obstacles to the early settlement and prosper ity of this county was the " chills and fever," or "ague," or " Illinois shakes," as it was variously styled. This disease was a terror to new comers. In the fall of the year everybody was afflicted with it. It was no respecter of persons ; everybody shook with it, and it was in every person's system. They all looked pale and yellow as though they were frostbitten. It was not contagious, but was a kind of miasma floating ..around in the atmosphere and absorbed into the system. It continued to be absorbed from day to day, and week to week, until the whole body corporate became charged with it as with electricity, and then the shock came ; and the shock was a regular shake, with a fixed beginning and an ending, coming on each day, or each alternate day, with a regularity that was surpris ing. After the shake came the fever, and this "last estate was worse than the first." It was a burning, hot fever and lasted for hours. When you had the chill you couldn't get warm, and when you had the fever you couldn't get cool. It was exceedingly awk ward in this respect; indeed it was.. Nor would it stop for any sort of contingency. Not even a wedding in the family would stop it. It was imperative and tyrannical. When the appointed time came around everything else had to be stopped to attend to its demands. It didn't even have any Sunday or holidays. After the fever went down you still didn't feel much better. You felt as though you had gone through some sort of collision and came out not killed but badly demoralized. You felt weak, as though you had run too far after something, and then didn't catch it. You felt languid, stupid and sore, and was down in the mouth and heel and partially raveled out, so to speak. Your back was out of fix and your appetite was in a worse condition than your back. Your head* ached and your eyes had more white in them than usual, and altogether you felt poor, disconsolate and sad. You didn't think much of yourself, and didn't believe other people did either, and you didn't care. You HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 327 didn't think much of suicide, but at the same time you almost made up your mind that under certain circumstances it was- justi fiable. You imagined that even the dogs looked at you with a kind of self-complacency. You thought the sun had a kind of sickly shine about it. About this time you came to the conclusion that you would not accept the whole State of Illinois as a gift, and if you had the strength and means, you picked up Hannah and the baby and your traps, and went back " yander " to Injianny, Ohio, or old Kaintuck. " And' to-day the swallows flitting Round my cabin see me sitting Moodily within the sunshine, • Just inside my silent door, Waiting for the ' ager,' seeming Like a man forever dreaming ; And the sunlight on me streaming Throws no shadow on the floor ; For I am too thin and sallow To make shadows on the floor — Nary shadow any more! " The above is no picture of the imagination. It is simply recount ing what occurred in hundreds of intances. Whole families would some times be sick at one time, and not one member scarcely able to wait upon another. One widow lady on the Illinois river informs us that she lost nine children from this dreaded disease ! COOKING. To witness the various processes of cooking in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking ' stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, suspended on trammels which were held by strong poles. The long-handled frying-pan was used for cooking meat. It was held on the fire by hand ; or, to save time, the handle was laid across the back of a chair. This pan was also used for baking short-cake. A better article was a cast-iron spider, which was set upon coals on the hearth. But the best thing for baking bread was the flat-bot tomed bake-kettle, of greater depth, *with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly known as the " Dutch oven." With coals over and under it bread and biscuit would quickly and nicely bake. Turkeys and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, sus pended by a string, a dish' being placed underneath to catch the drippings. IMPLEMENTS. The agricultural implements used by the first farmers here would m this age of improvement be great curiosities. The plow used was called the bar-share plow. The iron point consisted of a bar of iron about two feet long, and a broad share of iron welded to it. At the extreme point was a coulter that passed through a beam six or seven feet long, to which were attached handles of correspond- 328 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ing length. The mold-board was a wooden one split out of wind ing timber, or hewed into a winding shape in order to turn the soil over. Sown seed was brushed in by dragging over the ground a sappling with a bushy top. In harvesting the change is most strik ing. Instead of the reapers and mowers of to-day, the sickle and cradle were used. The grain was threshed with a flail, or trodden out by horses or oxen. women's work. The men were not called upon to endure alone all the hardships and labor of frontier life. The women also had their physical labor to perform, and much of it was quite arduous. Spinning was one of the common household duties. This exercise is one which few of the present generation of girls have ever enjoyed. The wheel used for spinning flax was called the " little wheel," to distinguish it from the " big wheel " used for spinning yarn. These stringed instruments furnished the principal music of the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill,, attain ed without pecuniary expense, and with far less practice' than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use' of their costly and elegant instruments. The loom was not less necessary than the wheel. Not every house, however, in which spinning was done had a loom; but there were always some in each settlement who, besides doing their' own weaving, did some for others. Settlers, having succeeded in spite of the wolves in raising sheep, commenced the manufacture of woolen cloth ; wool was carded and made into rolls by hand-cards, and the rolls were spun on the " big wheel." We occasionally find now, in the houses of the old settlers, one of these big wheels, sometimes used for spinning and twisting stocking yarn. The$ff e turned with the hand, and with such velocity that it will run "ifff while the nimble worker, by her backward step, draws out and twists her thread nearly the whole length of the cabin. A common article woven on the loom was linsey, also called linsey-woolsey, the chain being linen and the filling woolen. This cloth was used for dresses for the girls and mothers. Nearly all the clothes worn by the men were also home-made. Barely was a farmer or his son seen in a coat made of any other. If, occasionally, a young man appear ed in a suit of " boughten " clothes, he was suspected of having gotten it for a particular occasion, which occurs in the life of nearly every man. Not until the settlers had supplied themselves with the more use ful articles of clothing and with edibles of various kinds, did wheat bread become a common article of food. It is true they had it earlier, but this was only served on extra occasions, as when visitors came, or on Sundays ; and with this luxury they would have a little "store coffee." "The little brown jug" found a place in "' HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, 329 ' every home, and was often brought into use. No caller was per- •i mitted to leave the house without an invitation to partake of its A contents. 'I|, 1'LEASURES OF PIONEER LIFE. I: 4 The historv of pioneer life generally presents the dark side of the picture ; but the toils and privations of the early settlers were not a series of unmitigated sufferings. No ; for while the fathers and mothers toiled hard, they were not averse to a little relaxation, and had their seasons of fun and enjoyment. They contrived to do Ii something to break the monotony of their daily life and furnish lit them a good, hearty laugh. Among the more general forms of jt amusements were the " quilting-bee," " corn-husking," " apple-par- wing," "log-rolling" and "house-raising." Our young readers will mil doubtless be interested in a description of these forms of amuse- i'jiment, when labor was made to afford fun and enjoyment to all par- }. ticipating. The " quilting-bee," as its name implies, was when the lit industrious qualities of the busy, little insect that " improves ,each mishining hour" were exemplified in the manufacture of quilts for the L> household. In the afternoon ladies for miles around gathered at an ¦HI appointed place, and while their tongues would not cease to play, their hands were as busily engaged in making the quilt ; and desire (u was always manifested to get it out as quickly as possible, for then i.ythe fun would begin. In the evening the gentlemen came, and the thours would then pass swiftly by in playing games or dancing. ^"Corn-huskings" were when both sexes united in the work. They ,' ^usually assembled in a large barn, which was arranged for the oc- 1 J , .casion ; and when each gentleman had selected a lady partner the SShusking began. When a lady found a red ear she was entitled to ! , ,a kiss from every gentleman present ; when a gentleman found one .he was allowed to kiss every lady present. After the corn was all f'fhusked a good supper was served ; then the " old folks " would ¦'leave, and the remainder of the evening was spent in the dance and %'in having a general good time. The recreation afforded to the '•young people on the annual recurrence of these festive occasions wlwas as highly enjoyed, and quite as innocent, as the amusements of iis*»'the present boasted age of refinement and culture. flu*; Mr, Swan in describing the pioneer dwelling and habits and cus- itiWHoms, says : a)** '.' The furniture of the cabin was as primitive as the occupants. sfln one corner — perhaps in two or three corners — were the bed- isi#8teads. These were your genuine 'cottage bedsteads,' made by bor ing one hole, say four feet from one corner of the cabin, into a ¦e0 house-log,' another hole, say six feet from the same corner, on jlDisfenother side ; opposite these holes was set an upright post, usually [([* section from the body of a peeled sapling; in this post two holes Jj*,,IWDUW be bored at any desired height, and at right angles with each pother; poles were inserted in these holes, making in this maimer a 330 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. square frame; over this frame was laid a covering of clapboards, or as some denominated them, ' shakes,' and on top of this platform the bed was spread. The chairs were not exactly chairs, %t three-legged stools or puncheon benches. The cupboard was literally a cupboard, being a puncheon supported by pins driven into holes in the house-logs at some convenient corner. The boxes which had held the family dry goods while en route to the new country generally furnished the table, and a trough or troughs the meat and soap barrels. Hollow logs sawed into sections and pro vided with a puncheon bottom furnished a receptacle for meal, potatoes, beans, wheat, ' and sich like truck ' — to use the pioneer vernacular. The table was bounteously supplied with 'samp,' 'ley hominy,' ' corn pone,' honey, venison, pork, stewed pumpkin, wild turkey, prairie chicken and other game. Wheat bread, tea, coffee, and fruit — except wild fruit — were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as a wedding or gala day., 'Samp' was quite a frequent dish. It was made by burning a hole into some convenient stump in the shape of a mortar ; this hole was filled with corn and pounded by a large pestle hung like the old-fashioned well-sweep pendent .from a long pole, which was nearly balanced on an upright fork. This pole had a weight attached to one end and the pestle to the other ; the weight would lift the pestle, while man ual force was expected to bring it down. When the 'samp' was pounded sufficiently, it was washed and boiled like rice. " The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full ; although there might already be a guest for every puncheon, there was still 'room for one more,' and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the log fire. If the stranger was in search of land, he was doubly welcome, and his host would volunteer to show him all the ' first-rate claims in this neck of woods,' going with him for days, showing the corners and advan tages of every ' Congress tract ' within a dozen miles from his own cabin. " To his neighbors the pioneer was equally liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half-dozen miles away, perhaps. When a 'shoat' was butchered, the same custom prevailed. If a new-comer came in too late for 'cropping,' the neighbors would supply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located Ms claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the new-comer's proposed cabin and aid him in 'gittin' it up.' One party with axes would fell and hew the logs ; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground ; another party would 'raise the cabin' ; while several of the old men would 'rive the clapboardsjfor the roof. By night the cabin would be up and ready for occupying) and by the next day the new-comer was in all respects as well situ ated as his neighbors. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 331 "Saturday was a regular holiday, in which work was ignored and everybody went to town or to some place of general resort. When all were together in town, sport began. Of course whisky circula ted freely and every body indulged to a greater or less extent. Quarrels were now settled by hand-to-hand encounters ; wrestling- matches came off or were arranged for the future ; jumping, foot racing, and horse-racing filled up the interval of time ; and every body enjoyed the rough sports with a zest unknown among the more refined denizens of the present good city of Canton. "The fleetest runner among the pioneers was Stephen Coleman ; the champion wrestler was Daniel Babbett ; while at fisti-cuffs the belt was contested for between Stephen Coleman and Emsley Fouts. Coleman and Fouts were nearly equally matched, and on several occasions waged desperate war, with varying fortunes, until they heid their last great battle, which will never be forgotten by the pioneers. It was on election day, in the fall of 1831. For weeks before it was understood that they were to fight. On election day, accordingly, they met on "Union street, in front of Tyler's Tavern, and, surrounded by an immense crowd of their respective friends, proceeded to settle their difficulty. The fight wras fierce, long, and bloody. Coleman, it was claimed, struck Fouts before he was en tirely divested of his coat, and by this means began with the ad vantage in his favor, which advantage he was able to maintain until Fouts, after a gallant struggle, was forced to yield. Coleman's friends raised him on their shoulders, and marched with him a tri umphal march to the public square and back. "Fouts was defeated, but, as he belieyed, not fairly, and he de termined to renew the contest on another occasion. This was also understood, and the final struggle was looked forward to by the settlers with even more expectant interest than the first. Accord ingly, a few weeks later, one Saturday, Fouts came to town for the purpose of meeting Coleman. He stopped at Dickey Johnson's, where he left his coat and put himself in fighting trim. Johnson accompanied him to town and acted as his friend and second. Fouts soon met Coleman, and informed him that he had come to town ex pressly to settle their little trouble. Coleman began to draw his leather coat, but before it was off Fouts took the same advantage Coleman had taken in the previous fight, and struck him. This advantage was all he desired, and vigorously did he follow it up. Coleman was not easily handled, however, and soon was stripped and in fighting trim. The fight was a desperate one, and it was soon apparent that neither would acknowledge defeat. Fouts, how ever, had so well followed up his advantage that Coleman's friends parted them, and ever after neither could be induced to attack the other. "Foot-racing, jumping, and wrestling were also indulged in on Saturdays, and among the pioneers were men of fleet foot, strong i arm, and sinewy limb. John Anderson, a saddler who worked for 332 HISTORY OF FULTON. COUNTY. Bryant L. Cook, was credited with the fleetest foot prior and up to the storm of 1835; while Alexander Gumming, a brother-in-law of Jacob Weaver, was said to excel all others in jumping. In 1830 and immediately succeeding years John Scurlock and Abram Put man were the champion runners, and Putman the champion jumper.' Occasionally the sport would be varied by a horse-race, while whisky and jokes were freely indulged in. Some of these pioneers were rare old jokers, too. The point of their jokes would some times rub a raw place in their victim, but for that so much the better." wrfr'i //fow&t^ PUTMAN Tf LEE TP ^^S CHAPTER XI. ARCHAEOLOGY. Perhaps no district of country in the West contains more of the traces of that mysterious pre-historic people known to us only as the " Mound-Builders " than does Fulton county. There is not a township of land in the county which does not contain more or less of these traces, and in some of them are works which in extent and character will compare with any in the West. These works of the Mound-Builders here are of four different classes: 1. Mounds, varying in size from two or three feet in diameter to immense pyramids, like one near Waterford, containing over an acre of ground, and of an altitude of over forty feet in its original condition, and the one in Otter Creek Valley near Otto, which looks in the distance like an immense hay-rick and is over two hundred feet long and between forty and fifty feet high ; 2. Excavations usually circular, in regular lines in most cases, some small, others of great size and considerable depth ; 3. Regular for tifications, square, elliptical, or following the accidental configura tion of the ground ; 4. Terraced hills. One of the most interesting pre-historic points in the county is located on sections 31 and 32 in Kerton township. Here, on the summit of a high bluff, is a field on the land of a Mr. Fisher, known as the " Mound field," containing, perhaps, twenty -five acres, that may properly be called a city of the dead. In this field there is a level space of five or six acres enclosed by two rows of circular, cup-shaped depressions, inside of which is one large mound which must originally have been thirty or forty feet high. To the south of this level the bluff line, with its indentations, forms the border of the field, and here are the remains of not less than one hundred and fifty thousand human beings buried literally by the cord ! Where the bluff begins to descend, it appears as though a step had been cut with the bluff face not less than ten feet high, and here were corded skeletons laid as one would cord wood, but with the bodies arranged just as one would preserve the level of the file best without regard to direction. This burial place follows the bluff line for some distance, where the skeletons appear to have been covered by a peculiar light-colored clay, which must have been brought from a considerable distance, as it is not found in the locali ty. There are also two pits near the brow of the bluff on the side- 21 336 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. hill, which appear to have been originally about forty feet in diam eter and of great depth, which have been . walled up by placing skeletons around the outside, as one would wall a well, covering the work with the same clay as in the other burial place. These skele tons are excellently preserved, in many cases the smallest processes of bone being in as sound a condition as though buried but a year ago. Over the entire surface of this field — which is in cultivation — the human hand cannot be placed without placing it on broken pottery, bones or shells. At one point near the large mound an area of about two acres which is evidently a " kitchen midden," or refuse heap, covered with broken pieces of the bones of animals, broken household uten sils and broken tools, to a considerable depth. In this refuse heap are the bones of nearly every animal known to have inhabited this country. Back of the square spoken of are a considerable num ber of ordinary mounds, arranged without much regard to order. Just opposite and north of Duncan's mill, on the north bluff of Spoon river, are extensive and in many respects singular remains extending for two or three miles. After leaving the Spoon river bridge going north on the Lewistown road, one observes running nearly parallel with the present road what appears to be an old dis used road going up the bluff. A closer inspection discloses a ridge of earth several feet in height, extending from near the foot of the bluff to very near the summit, with a depression running parallel with it. On the crown of the bluff are mounds of earth built out from the brow of the hill, not elevated above the surface level but as though they were dumps of earth for some projected railroad. These mounds continue close together for nearly a mile; on the bluff back of them runs a low ridge of earth which follows the tortuous outline of the bluff, and still back of this ridge circular depressious, some of which are fully fifty feet in diameter and from three to five feet deep. Near this line of works is a. low natural ridge on the top of which an earth-work exists, being an artificial addition to the ridge, building it up for a distance of two hundred yards, fully thirty feet highe» than the natural elevation of the ridge. From the north end of this ridge the same class of mounds and embank ment spoken of again appear, extending nearly a mile further up the river bluff. In these mounds — which are in the woods — considerable excavat ing has been done in a desultory way, and many objects of interest exhumed, among which are wedges of hardened copper, — stone turned into the shape of a sleeve-button with a long shank, and plated with copper as skillfully as a modern jeweler could plate with silver. These works do not appear to have been purely defensive, as but few implements of warfare are found in or about them, while domestic tools and implements of peace are found in great abund ance. In Bernadotte township on the Dyckes farm is a low hill.elup- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 337 tical in form, which is terraced in a singular manner. All around the side of the hill at the same elevation is a terrace perhaps twelve feet wide, and rising from this a second terrace about four feet high. These terraces are uniform, of the same height, width and grade, with places on the upper terrace where the hill has been leveled back a few feet in a circular form. Near this terraced hill are the remains of ancient pottery works, the mis-shaped and over-burned fragments filling the side of a hill for an area of one or two acres. North of the village of Bernadotte about one mile there is an elliptical ditch which appears to have been a fortification, containing within the ditch fifty or sixty acres of ground. This ditch, although the plow has aided -in filling it for years, is still quite deep and clearly defined. Near this place a stone was observed projecting from the earth, and parties guided by the dictum of a spiritual medium dug it up expect ing to find buried treasure under it ; but did find a flat stone hearth at a depth of several feet, on which were fragments of burned wood and charcoal, showing that it had been used for fire. At Waterford and in its vicinity are a great many ancient mounds, one of which is pyramidal with a road up the east side. There are also several ancient burial places near here, but none on so extensive a scale as that in Kerton township. Liverpool township is also rich in pre-historic remains, including several very large mounds ; and some artificial hill terraces at Pol- litt's farm above the plank road, one on quite an extensive scale. One of the most interesting archaeological relics in this county are the ancient furnaces, evidently for the working of ores or metal. One of these in Kerton township was discovered by citizens engaged in cutting a road-way around a side hill. This furnace was built up with rock laid up in a circular form, and was surrounded by scorise and some metallic slag. There are several other furnaces of the kind in the county, one of which, on the old Dilworth farm in Farmer's township, shows by its immense quantity of cinder, coal, clinkers and metallic scoriae that extensive works of some kind were carried on here with coal for the fuel supply. Just north of Seville, on a bluff of Spoon river, are quite exten sive works supposed to be defensive in their character, but which have not been fully investigated. Near London Mills in Young Hickory township, are quite extensive works, mostly mounds, which have received but little attention. In fact there is scarcely a stream in the county the banks and bluffs of which do not show traces of prehistoric population. The mounds in this county are evidently of three classes : Sacred mounds, which were used for the sacrificial fires ; burial mounds, which were erected over the last remains of important personages; and mounds which were used for domestic habitations. In the lat ter class hearths are frequently found, and domestic utensils. These were probably residences similar to those of some tribes of our present Indians. First, poles or logs set up in a circle, then covered 338 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. with brush or grass, and the whole with earth to a considerable depth. The sacrificial mounds always contain burnt earth, burnt bones and frequently, too, the charred bones of human beings. In the burial mounds only the bones of a few persons are found, prob ably of some chief and his immediate family, and usually near them are utensils of. the kitchen, arrows, pottery and such articles as were most prized in life by the departed. In some localities immense shell heaps exist, while it is not uncommon to find in a mound shell from the sea, notably the conch shell and sea periwinkles, the latter very common. Implements of both hardened copper and copper in its soft state are often found, and a metal resembling iron in color and texture, but hard enough to cut glass, and which resists the action of almost all the acids. The writer has specimens of this metal which show under the action of acid only that copper enters into their composition. No file will affect this substance, yet it yields readily to the grindstone and can be sharpened to carry a fine but brittle edge. This metal was prob ably a composition of copper and one or two other metals, tempered by a process not now known to the scientific world. Norman But ler, a blacksmith in Toulon, Stark county, 111., one day in 1853 accidentally tempered brass so that it would turn a file, — an experi ment which he never afterward could successfully imitate. That these Mound-Builders were not of the same race as our Indians, is at once apparent from the bones of the latter being of a reddish hue, while those of the Mound-Builders are of a differ ent shade and much larger. Dr. Schenck, of Duncan's Mills, has a large collection of these prehistoric bones collected with especial reference to diseased bones and surgery. Some of these specimens show fractures which have been set with considerable skill; some indeed which would not disgrace the average surgery of this age. Some of these skeletons belonged to men who were giants, some over seven feet high ; some have skulls equal to the average European skull in shape and brain capacity, while the general average is much superior to the Indian or negro skull. It is our opinion that the Mound-Builders were a pastoral people who had made considerable progress in civilization. In the winter, doubtless, they drove their flocks and herds to the bluffs and rich, sheltered bottoms where they could obtain shelter, and in the summer drove them to the prairies for pasturage. Doubt less, like the Chinese of to-day, they esteemed their native hills sacred and sought to be buried there no matter where the iron hand of death overtook them; and their friends, respecting this desire, were in the habit of bringing the bones of each family or tribe to these sacred burial places, after they had been stripped of their flesh, for permanent burial. Perhaps some future archaeologist will delve among these ancient ruins and find a key to the mystery of the builders of whom we to day know next to nothing ; and unless some rneans are taken by the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 339 Government or societies organized for the purpose, and these meas ures at no distant day,, they will have become, so far obliterated by the plow and by unskilled diggers that the slight clues they con tain will be buried in an oblivion greater than now enshroud the history of their builders. CHAPTER XII. MEXICAN WAE. When war was declared against Mexico in 1846 by our Govern ment, enlistment of troops immediately began all over the country, but nowhere was greater promptitude manifested than in Fulton county. Several other companies were raised and offered besides the one accepted, but were refused by the Governor, the quota of the State being already more than filled. Capt. Lewis W. Ross raised Co. K, tendered it to the Governor, and it was accepted and assigned to the Fourth regiment, Col. Ed. D. Baker commanding. The company was mustered in at Alton July 4, 1846, and moved to Jef ferson Barracks, Mo., and then proceeded to the front, where no company did more valiant service for our country than Company K, of Fulton county. Veterans never fought more nobly or effectively than did the volunteers to the Mexican war from this county. Their brave commander, Col. Baker, won for himself and men a never- perishing name. At the glorious capture of Vera Cruz and the not less famous storming of Cerro Gordo, these troops did valiant service. In the latter action, when, after the brave Gen. Shields had been placed hors de combat, the command of his force, consisting of three regi ments, devolved upon Col. Baker, this officer with his men stormed with unheard-of prowess the last stronghold of the Mexicans, sweeping everything before them. Such, indeed, were the intrepid valor and daring courage exhibited by Illinois volunteers during the Mexican war, that their deeds should live in the memory of posterity through future ages; Many of the veterans of this war enlisted a few years later to defend the same old flag from the insults of a domestic foe that they had so bravely against a foreign one. Among tliem were Col. Baker, who fell at Ball's Bluff, and Lieutenant Ross, who became Brigadier General and won laurels that will wreath his name with honor for generations after he has passed from earth. The Company was mustered out at New Orleans^ La., May 26, 1847, and returned to their homes and resumed the various occupa tions which they had quit a year previous to defend our country. In rumaging through the old records and papers on file and stowed away in the County Clerk's office we were fortunate enough to find a complete official muster roll of the men of this company, which we give below. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 341 In the list e. stands for enlisted, m. o. for mustered out, res. for resigned, dis. for disability, and disch. for discharged. 4th REGT. ILL. INF. VOL. COMPANY K. Captain. Lewis W. Ross, e. July 4,'46, m. o. May 26/47. First Lieutenants. Geo. W. Stipp, e. July 4, '46, res. Aug. S0,'46. LeonardF. Ross, e. July 18,'46, m. o. May 26, '47. Second Lieutenants: John B.. McDowell, e. July 4, '46, res. Aug. 30, '46. Robert Johnson, e. July 4,'46, res. Dec. 20,'46. Joseph L. Sharp, e. July 4, '46, m. o. May 26, '47. Sergeants. Marvin Scudder, e. July 4, '46, ra. o. May 26,'47. Stephen B. Webb, e. July 4,'46, died at Matta- moras, Oct. 24, '46. Robert Carter, e. July 4, '46, disch. Nov. 9, '46, ¦ , dis. Samuel D. Reynolds, e. July 4,'46, m. o. May 26/47. Milton C Dewey, e. July 4, '46, m. o. May 26,'47. Jas. B. Anderson, e. July 4, '46, m. o. May 26,'47. Corporals. Thomas W. Head, e. July 4, '46, disch. Nov. 26, '46, dis. i Tracy Stroud, e. July 4, '46, m. o. May 26,'47. Jas. W. Anderson, e. July 4, '46, m. o. Mav 26, '47. Edward Brannon e. July 10, '46. m. o. May 26, '47. Simeon Cannon, e. July 4,'46, m. o. May 26,'47. Jas. Dunsmore, e. July 4, '46, died Oct. 1,'46, at Matamoras. Privates. Ackerson, Garrett, e. July 4, '46, m.o. May 26, '47. . Andrews, Hannon, e. July 4,'46, m. o. May 26, '47. Bennington, Geo., c. July 4/46, mo. o. May 26, 47. Bervard, John, e. July 4/46, ditch. Dec. 20/46, dis. Beadles, Wm., e. July 4/46, disch. Mar. 7/47, dis. Bristow, Isaac M., e. JulvlS/46, m. o.May 26/47 Clark, David, e. July 4/46, m. o. Mav 26/47. Crittenden, Uriah, e. J ulv 4/46, m. o. "May 26, '47 Crawford, Jas., e. Julv 4/46, m. o. Mav 26/47. Collins, David, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Carter, Simeon, e. July 2/46, m. o. May 26. '47. Coon, Ross, e. Julv 4'46, m. o. May 26/27. Cannon, John, e. Julv 4/46, m. o. Mav 26/47. Carter John S. S., e. July 4,,46, died Oct. 27/46, at Carmago. Dalley, Chas., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Dobson, Joseph, e. July 4.'46, disch. Feb. 8/47' dis. Dobbins, John F. P., e. July 4/46, disch. Nov. 9/46, dis. Deiter, John, e. July 4/46, disch. Aug. 24/46, dis. Deiter, Joel, e. July 4/46, disch. Aug. 24/46, dis. Ellis, John, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Ellis, Jacob, e. Julv 4/26, m. o. May 26/47. Engle, Wm, H., e. July 4/26, m. o. May 26/47. Foot, Zach., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Freeborn. PhilipT., July 4/46, m. o. May26/47. Fitzpatrick, Michael, e. July 4/46, m.o. May 26/47. Gregory, Jesse, July 20/46, m. o. May 26/47. Hoover, Richard e. July 20/46, m. o. May26/47. Hannum, Joshua B., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Kelly, Ephraim, e. July 20/46, disch. Sept. 18, '46, dis. King, Horace B., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Kimball, Myron, e. July 4/46, m. o. May26/47. Lyon, Ely, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Land, John, e. Julv 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Mason, Wm. C, e. July 18/46, disch. Aug. 30, '46, dis. McNeil, Malcolm, b. July 18/46, disch. Oct. 8, '46, dis. McKee, Patrick, e. Julv 18/46, disch. dis. Monroe, Thomas, e. July 20/46, disch. Feb. 8, '47 dis. Morton, Richard W., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Mayall, Joseph, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Milslagle, Elias, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Moover, W'illiam, e. July 4/46. m. o. May 26/47. Myers, Jonas H., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Murphy, Wm., e. July 20/46, m. o. May 26/47. Patton, Hugh, e. Julv 4/46, m. o. Mav 26/47. Painter, Wm., e. July 4/46, disch. Nov. 9/46, dis. Pig. John, e. July 20/46, disch. Sept. 26/46, dis. Powell, Andrew M., Julv 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Reid, John H., July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Rigdon, Stephen, e. Julv 4/46, m. o. May 26"47. Ross, Pike C., e. July 4.'46, m. o. May 26/47. Shields, David, e. Julv 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. S.eele, John, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Smith, James H., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Smith, David, e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Stevenson, Thomas, e. July 20/46, m. o. May 26/47. Turner, Oren, e. July 20/46, disch. 8/46, dis. Taylor, Julius J., e. July 4/46, m. o. May 26/47. Wilson, Samuel, B., e. July 4/46, disch, Oct. 4, '46, dis. Yaw, Alonzo, e. July 4/46, died Sept. 10/46. CHAPTER XIII. i THE REBELLION. FIRST INDICATIONS OF THE WAR. When, in 1861, the war was forced upon the country, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do, — working the mines, making farms or culti vating those already made, establishing homes, founding cities and towns, building shops and manufactories ; in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from, the depression and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the North were buoyant with hope, looking forward to the perfecting of new plans for comfort and competence in their declining years. They little heeded the mutterings and threatenings wafted from the South, They never dreamed that there was one so base as to attempt the destruction of the Union their fathers had purchased for them with their life-blood. While thus surrounded with peace and tranquillity they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh, of others. \ The war clouds grew darker and still darker, the thunders of treason grew louder and louder until April 12, 1861, when the fear ful storm burst upon the country and convulsed a continent with itsvattendant horrors. On that day the rebels, who for weeks had been erecting their batteries upon the shore, after demanding of Major Anderson a surrender, opened fire upon Fort Sumter. For hours an incessant cannonading was continued ; the fort was being damaged severely ; provisions were almost gone, and Major Anderson was compelled to haul down the stars and stripes, — that dear old flag which had sel dom been lowered to a foreign foe ; by rebel hands it was now trailed in the dust. How the blood of patriotic men of the North boiled when on the following day the news was flashed along the telegraph wires that Major Anderson had been forced to surrender! And nowhere was greater indignation manifested than in Fulton county. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 343 THE FIRST CALL FOR TROOPS. Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lin coln, America's martyr President, — who but a few short weeks before had taken the oath of office as the nation's chief executive, — issued a proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word of that proclamation had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was filled, and men and money were counted out by hundreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, -the bench, the college, the school-house, — every calling offered its best men, their lives and fortunes, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Bitter words spoken in moments of political heat were forgotten and for given, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier statesman, " By the Great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved." Call the young men in the prime of their life; Call them from mother, from sister, from wife ; i. Blessed if they live, revered if they fall, — They who respond unto Liberty's call. Seventy-five. thousand men were not enough to subdue the Rebel lion ; nor were ten times the number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the Free States to crush out and subdue the monstrous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money there was a willing and ready response ; and it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to offer themselves as . a sacrifice on their country's altar. Such were the impulses, motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of Fulton made a conspicuous and praise worthy record. VARIOUS MEETINGS HELD IN THE COUNTY. The tocsin of war was sounded, meetings were held in every township, village and city, at which stirring and spirited addresses were made, and resolutions adopted admitting of but one interpre tation, — that of unconditional allegiance and undying devotion to their country and their country's flag ; that, at whatever cost of blood or treasure, the stars and stripes, wherever floating, must be honor ed; and the supremacy of the law of the National Union sustained. A meeting was held at Canton, April 20, 1861, at the old Con gregational church. Ira Johnson was called to the chair, and stated the object of the meeting to be, to express the feelings of the people in regard to the difficulties then in our country, and to re spond to the call of Gov. Yates for military force to aid the 344 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Federal Government in sustaining the laws. The "Star-Spangled Banner " was effectively sung by a number of young ladies, after which the military band rendered several national airs with good spirit. A committee of five was then appointed to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of the meeting. This committee was com posed of the following gentlemen : John W. Ingersoll, W. H. Haskell, William Babcock, G. W. Fast and Tracy Stroud. The meeting was then addressed by Hon. William Kellogg, W. H. Haskell and James H. Stipp. Resolutions were adopted, which showed this people to be patriotic and ready to sacrifice all for the Union. After this an opportunity was given for enlistments, and forty names were enrolled. At the court-house in Lewistown, on Tuesday evening, April 23, a meeting was held with George Humphrey in the chair. The com mittee on resolutions were H. B. Evans, R. B. Stevenson, M. Eich- elberger, S. P. Shope, L. W. James, James Hasson and Robert Campbell. The meeting, which resolved to support the Govern ment, was addressed by L. F. Ross, R. R. McDowell, M. S. Kimball, L. W. Ross and S. C. Judd. A large and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of Farmington was held Saturday evening, April 20, for the purpose of discussing the condition of the country. A. K. Montgomery presided, and Dr. J. Gregory acted as secretary. The following resolutions were adopted with but one dissenting voice : Whereas, events have lately transpired which call for all good citizens to express in what estimation they hold the institutions of Americans and Amer ican liberty, therefore Resolved, That when the Government of the United States is attacked, we can recugnize no distinction between the foreign and the domestic foe. Resolved, That since forbearance. has ceased to call the traitors of the South to fealty to the Government, we heartily approve of the measures recently taken by the administration, choosing rather to bear the burdens of a just war than to enjoy the ease under an ignominious peace. Resolved, That we will freely assist, with all the means in our power,, the ef forts of the Government to vanquish traitors, whether at home or abroad, Resolved, That we are firmly and devotedly attached to the United States^and to the flag under which our fathers fought; and, we hereby pledge our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor to sustain the one and defend the other. Similar meetings were held in all parts of the county, and resolu tions, full of patriotism and devotion to the country and the old flag, were sent forth as the sentiment and voice of the people. Immediately, in response to the call for troops, enlistments began. As early as April 30 a company of 100 was organized at Canton. They drilled in the city for some days, and so impatient were they to strike a blow in defense of the dear old flag which had been trampled beneath the feet of traitors at Sumter, that they wanted to be off immediately to the scene of conflict. Many of them were afraid they would not " get to go." They little realized the magnitude of the war. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 345 A meeting was held Saturday evening, April 27, for the purpose of making arrangements to raise subscriptions for the benefit of this company, to. equip it, etc. J. G. Piper was elected president and C. C. Dewey secretary. Hon. A. C. Babcock, G. W. Fast, S. C. Thorp, J. W. Ingersoll, H. P. Fellows, J. H. Dorrance, B. F. Ruble, T. Atwater, G. W. Hardesty and P. C. Stearns were appointed a com- mittse to procure subscriptions. This company was named the Ful ton Volunteers. Wm. Babcock was elected Captain, L. C. Chase First Lieutenant, Wm. T rites Second Lieutenant and J. H. Dorrance Third Lieutenant. While the above company was being raised at Canton, a company was gotten up at Lewistown with L. F. Ross as Captain, T. A. Boyd First Lieutenant and A. Willison Second Lieutenant. This com pany was originally the " Fulton Blues," and was organized about the year 1857, by Capt. Leonard F. Ross. On Monday, April 29, it was permanently re-organized for the U. S. service and was after wards transferred to the 17th Regiment as Co. H. At Vermont a company was organized, and Thomas Hamer was elected Captain, Josiah Dennis First Lieutenant, and Hinman Rhodes Second Lieutenant. * A company was also raised at Fairview, which left for Camp Mather, Peoria, May 15. Before leaving their homes, however, they were presented with a fine flag by the ladies of Fairview. They were accompanied to Peoria by the Fairview Brass Band. It was noised around Canton that this company, after being in camp, needed flannel shirts; and within a few days 75 shirts were made and sent to them. On Friday morning, May 10, 1861, the Fulton Blues left Lewis- town for camp at Peoria. The public square was filled with citizens to witness the flag presentation and departure of the company. Capt. Ross marched the boys to the residence of'Dr. R. R. McDowell, where each of them was provided with a flannel shirt, made for them by the ladies of Lewistown. Each and every man was also pre sented with a copy of the New Testament, accompanied by the re quest to write therein his name and age, and name of his father, guardian or other member of his family, with place of residence. At nine o'clock the company was paraded in front of the court house, where a large number of people had gathered. H. B. Evans was chosen to preside over the assembly. He called the large con course of people to order, and on behalf of the ladies Dr. McDowell presented to the company a beautiful flag. Capt. Ross received the colors with pledges that they should not be disgraced, and handed them to Ensign Woolfolk, who received them in the name of the company. The brass band played and three cheers were given for the ladies. The company took their places in the wagons, receiving meanwhile the sorrowing farewells of their friends. They were then driven to Havana, where a boat was taken for Peoria. 346 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The Fulton Light-Horse Invincibles were organized Tuesday May 7, '61, by Capt. W- A. Presson. Other companies were raised. Call after call was made by the Government and each time Fulton county nobly. responded. While some thought the policy of the administration wrongful and hurtful, and that the desired end might be attained in a more conciliatory manner than by the stern and bloody arbitrament of war, yet the majority believed their only recourse was a resort to arms. DEATH OF SENATOR DOUGLAS. While the people throughout the State were busily engaged in preparing for the war, the sad news of the death of her beloved Senator, Stephen A. Douglas, was announced. Funeral services were held in almost all towns of this county upon the death of this distinguished statesman. At Canton, Thursday, June 6th, 1861, a meeting was held at Graham's Hall to make suitable arrangements for ceremonies. S. A. Gee, Wm. Kellogg, P. L. Snyder and James T. Slack were appointed a committee of arrangements. G. Barrere, Thomas Snyder, W. H. Haskell, Dr. Henry Ingersoll and S. Y. Thornton were selected as a committee to draft resolutions. On Friday, as for several days previous, the flag was bound in black and displayed at half-mast. Shortly before two o'clock p. m. the bells commenced tolling, and continued while a procession was formed upon the public square, headed by the Canton Silver Cor net Band and Masonic Lodge. It marched to the Baptist church, where the following exercises took place under the direction of T. Stroud, chief marshal and master of ceremonies. Hon. John G. Graham was called to the chair and Messrs. P. L. Snyder, Ira John son, S. N. Breed, Dr. Henry Ingersoll, J. M. Bass and G. Barrere were chosen vice presidents ; S. Y. Thornton and Alpheus Davison, secretaries. Prayer was then offered by Rev. Dr. Webb, which was followed by singing by a choir organized for the occasion under the direction of Mr. E. P. Ingersoll, Mrs. Law presiding at the instru ment. Resolutions fitting and full of sorrow at the loss of the great Senator were passed. Wm. H. Haskell then delivered an oration upon the life and services of Mr. Douglas. Hon. Wm. Kellogg made a brief address. He was followed by John G. Graham, S. A. Gee, G. Barrere and J. T. Slack. The benediction was pronounced by Rev. P. Bergstresser, and thus ended the services of respect to a great and beloved statesman. A PICTURE OF A SAD AND DESOLATE HOME. The boys went forth to the field of carnage ; and what vivid words can the pen employ that will do justice to their heroic valor, to their unequaled and unparalleled bravery and endurance? Home and home comforts, wives and little ones, fathers, mothers, sisters, broth ers, were all given up for life and danger on the fields of battle, — for HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 347 exposure, fatigue, disease and death at the point of the bayonet or the cannon's mouth. But while they were thus .suffering let us not suppose that the mother, and sister, the wife, the children were free from the tortures of anxiety,, of the loss of dear ones. Yes; while the brave boys upon the Southern field suffered indescribably, the wife and little ones at home endured sufferings beyond the power of pen or tongue to describe. Let us picture a home where the hus band and the wife and the little ones are thus separated. The picture of one will only reflect those of hundreds of others. We look into the plain but tidy room. A mother is preparing her evening meal. Upon a chair, and lcuning her little arm on the window-sill, a little child is kneeling, looking far into the dusky shadows that encircle the brow of night. Her dark eyes have a longing, desolate look, and on her brow lies one of life's shadows. At last she speaks : "Oh, mamma, papa has been gone so long! why don't he come?" The mother sighs and her heart repeats, "So long?" But the little one must have an answer, and mamma tries to comfort her : "Papa has gone to war, dear ; gone to fight for his country ; and when the war is over he will come back to see mamma and little Bessie." "But it seems so long, mamma ! When will the war be over?" "Mamma cannot tell, dear ; but we will hope for the best." Their frugal meal is now ready, and mother and child sit down with heavy hearts, their eyes wandering to the place where papa used to sit ; but there is no manly form, — only a vacant chair. In the mother's heart sad questions will arise : "Will he return to us ? or will some swift- winged bullet, sped by a traitor's hand, de stroy the life so dear to us ?" Oh, why could not all men have been true to a government so mild, — to their country so vast and grand ? Why should they cause sorrow and death to o'er-spread our land, and the voice of wailing to go forth from every fireside? In silence the meal is ended, and the little one, whose eyes have grown heavy, is taken upon the mother's lap, and prepared for rest. Her little prayer is said, and a good-night kiss given for papa. She falls asleep, and the shadow is chased from her brow. But the shadows hover darkly round the mother's heart, as she thinks of distant battle-fields ; of wounded and dying men whose lives, and those they love more than life, have been given up that their country might be saved. And on this September evening a terrible battle has closed. For three days they have fought, and now the evening shadows unite with clouds of smoke, and our army is victorious ; but the ground is strewn with the dead and dying. Hark! here is one who speaks: "Water, wa ter ; won't Bessie bring me water ?" But Bessie's soft hands cannot reach him; kind but rougher and stranger hands give him the cool ing drops, and with a weary sigh for his home, wife and little one, his breath is gone, and the brave heart beats no more. _ Rumors of the terrible fight reach that quiet home ; then come dispatches, making rumors facts. How long and dark are the hours 348 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of suspense to the anxious wife and little one ! Eagerly the papers are watched for every word concerning the division in which was the loved one, and now at last comes a list of the killed and wound ed in his regiment. With fast-beating heart the poor wife takes the list of wounded first, that she may still have some hope. His name is not there. With hushed breath and heart beating faster, she scans the list of the killed, until she comes to his name. The paper falls from her. nerveless band and she sinks heavily to the floor. Bessie bends over her, and the touch of her smooth hands and the sound of her sweet voice bring the widow back to life that is now so dark. But for Bessie's sake she will still be brave, and struggle on alone, — no, not alone. Bessie is still with her, and their heavenly Father will lead them through the darkness. This is only one of the many pictures that are drawn upon the pages of unwritten history. Have traitors nothing to answer for? The continued need of money to obtain comforts and necessaries for the sick and wounded of our army, suggested to the loyal ladies of the North many and various devices for the raising of funds. Every city, town and village had its fair, festival, picnic, excursion, concert, which netted more or less for hospital relief. The ladies of Fulton honored themselves and their county by their noble, gener ous work in behalf of, the soldiers. Their devotion to the loyal principles of the national Government was undying, and its defend ers were objects of their deepest sympathy. During the dark and trying days of the Rebellion they were ever on the alert raising funds, sending food, clothing, delicacies and medicines to the soldiers in the hospital and at the front. In the noble efforts the ladies made to palliate the sufferings of their brothers upon the Southern fields of carnage,- they were actu ated by love of country, devotions to kindred and sympathy for those in distress. Though physically incapacitated to share with them the toils and perils of battle, yet before its smoke and the echoes of its artillery passed away, the offerings of their hands would relieve their pain, and inspire them with holier ardor for the cause they were defending. The number of weary sufferers on the field of battle and in the lonely hospital relieved by their bounty, none but the Recording Angel can tell. i The ladies of Lewistown organized a Soldiers' Aid Society Nov. 28, 1862. Similar societies were organized in many towns of the county, but we will let the following detailed statement of the first year's labor of the Lewistown society suffice as an illustration of the labor of all the others : The money contributed was mostly used in purchasing material for making clothing. Those goods which were sent to the 17th and 103d Illinois Regiments (the latter wholly and the former mostly made up of Fulton men), to the Quincy hos- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 349 pitals and State Sanitary Commission for 1862-'63 were as follows: Cash 1227.26 ; 99 towels ; 94 shirts ; 42 handkerchiefs ; 61 pairs drawers; 7 coats; 51 pair woolen socks; 3 vests; 1 pair of pants; 6 pair of slippers; 37 pillow cases; 15 sheets; 3 quilts; 1 lb. woolen yarn ; 6 doz. wash-basins ; 1 bushel turnips ; 1 barrel but ter; 21 pounds butter ; 6 barrels pickles; 1| barrels dried apples; 2 barrels apple butter; ]|- barrels sauerkraut; 140 dozen cakes; 6 loaf cakes; 66 pies; 52 dozen eggs; 2 chickens; 1 pound tea; 19 packages dried fruit; 26 cans fruit; needles and thread; reading matter and other small articles. SOLDIERS IN FULTON COUNTY. There are many rumors afloat relative to Fulton county's loyalty during the dark days of the Rebellion, which are very much exag gerated, so far as we are able to learn. Among other things much has been said about United States soldiers being sent to the county while the war was in progress. That soldiers were sent into the county is a fact; but many have a wrong impression as to the cause of their being sent here. The semi-official report made by Provost Marshal Phelps, and published at the time, concerning the reason why the soldiers were brought to the county .and what they did while here, is perhaps the most authoritative account of the affair we are able to obtain. It is substantially correct even in detail, and we give the entire letter below, that our readers may see the Mar shal's statement in full : "In view of the troubles existing at this time in the southern portion of Ful ton county, and to allay any unnecessary apprehension therefrom, and also for the purpose of correcting evils and misunderstandings naturally growing out of vague rumors and unfounded reports, many of which are afloat in the community, in relation to the late military proceedings enacted in south Ful ton, I deem it due to the public that a fair and candid statement of the mat ter should be made, in order that all may understand the basis upon which troops were called into the county, their action since their arrival, and when their mission will have been fulfilled. " It is a fact well known to the public that there has been for several weeks past a determined armed resistance, accompanied with violent threats, against the execution of the enrollment law in some of the townships in this county. The first noticeable demonstration of this spirit-, was manifested in Pleasant township, and was of so violent a character as to compel Luke Elliott, the clerk duly appointed by William McComb, the enrolling officer ol this county, to abandon the work. After some delay and much parleying, the enrollment was completed without further serious opposition, by another appointee. This spirit of resistance was caught up by the citizens of Isabel township, and cul minated in a more formidable and determined resistance than had been exhib ited in Pleasant, and finally terminated in intimidating one, and taking the enrolling books of another of the officers, by armed force, and with threats that no man should enroll the township except at the peril of his life. In addition to this there was manifested a bitter hostility to the arrest and il 7 r 9-°^ deserters from the army, so much so that deserters to the number of 15 to 25, encouraged by this spirit, had for some time past been encamped in the open field, and at qther places of rendezvous, with the avowed purpose of resisting any attempt which might be made by the authorities to arrest them. Wot only this, a large number of the citizens of Isabel were in the habit of arming and performing other military duty, with no other avowed purpose 350 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. than to be prepared to resist the enrollment. This being the condition of things, it was manifest to the Provost Marshal that he and his little force were not able to enforce the law and bring the offenders to justice. " The Provost Marshal of the district, being informed of the condition of affairs in the county, visited it, and by his direction a small force of cavalrv (61 in number) with one six-pounder was ordered into the county, for the purpose, and no other, of enforcing the enrollment of Isabel township and for the arrest of deserters and other individuals against whom legal process had been issued. This force arrived and encamped at Duncan's Mills, five miles south of Lewistown, on the 13th inst. About 12 o'clock that same night, this force being divided into three squads, of ten men each, leaving the re mainder to guard the gun and take charge of prisoners, should any be arrested, started with their respective officers for three different points in the same neighborhood, viz.: Charles Brown's, John Lane's and John Graham's. The first visit made by either of the squads was at Charles Brown's. The officer, taking two men with him, went to the house, and after knocking at the door and making his business known, entered the house and arrested John and Benjamin F. Brown, who were in bed, no opposition of any kind being made. These two prisoners were put in charge of two soldiers and sent to camp, while the officer with the remainder of his men joined those who were at John Lane's. Here eight of the company were detailed to surround the house and barn of Mr. Lane. The officer then knocked at the door, made his business known and demanded admittance, which being refused, five minutes were given in which to comply, at the expiration of which no compliance being made, the door was forced in and three soldiers entered the house. There were nine men in the house all armed. Two double-barreled shot-guns, one rifle, three revolvers, one double-barreled pistol, all loaded, and one bowie knife, were also found in the house. Upon a demand to deliver up their weapons and surrender, all complied except Aaron Bechelhimer and John Alexander, including James Lane, who first drew a revolver and afterwards surrendered. Bechelhimer and Alexander were in a back room, and, as the soldiers approached, Bechelhimer offering resistance, was caught by a soldier and thrown out of a window, when he was instantly arrested by another sol dier. Alexander, in the meantime, who had been ordered several times to surrender, attempted to draw a revolver, and was standing with one hand upon the collar of his coat and the other in the act of drawing his weapon, when he was shot in the left breast by a soldier, and the revolver taken from him. Of the number in the house, Piatt and James Lane were arrested, the latter of whom e caped ; also Aaron Bechelhimer and Marshal Athey, two deserters, and John Lane, who was afterwards released bv the Provost Mar shal. "The third squad, composed of ten men, had gone to John Graham's on a like errand (to arrest deserters), and also to arrest Graham, against whom charges had been preferred before the proper tribunal. Here, as at the other places, the officer in command knocked at the door and made known his busi ness. Graham replied that no deserters were in the house, and that he was alone. Search was made at his barn for deserters, but without success. Demand was. again made for entrance in his house and refused, when the door was forced open. No men were found in the lower story. Edward Trumbull, who was one of the squad, opened a door leading up a narrow stairway, and with a candle in his hand attempted to go up stairs, when he was fired upon by John Graham, the ball inflicting a slight wound in Trumbull's breast, and passing down lodged in his thigh, causing a severe flesh wound. At the same time a shot was fired from the porch, which barely missed Van Meter. Gra ham still refusing to surrender, a guard was placed around his house and a messenger sent to the Captain of the company, at Duncan's, to bring up the artillery. At this, and when Graham discovered what he was contending against (for, as he said, up to this time he supposed it to be Phelps and his posse), he finally surrendered, and, with Joseph Brown, was taken prisoner. '•These are the facts, as related by the officers of* the several squads, upon which I rely with the utmost confidence. The prisoners, nine in number, were brought by the cavalry to Lewistown, where they remained until the afternoon train, when seven ( two being released by the Marshal.) were sent to %n.4U&». CANTON. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 353 the Provost Marshal of the district, to be by him delivered over to the United States District Marshal of this State, to be tried by the civil authorities upon the charges preferred against them. " From present in lications it is hoped and believed that the law will be en forced, the enrollment made and deserters arrested, without any resistance; and when this fact is clearly demonstrated the military force now in the comity will be withdrawn, and not until then. "I have been thus p irticul.ir in collecting and detailing the facts connected with this tr.ms iction, which have been githered from eye-witnesses, and other facts, some of which have come un ler my own observation and that of num erous other citiz ms of the county, for the purpose of guarding the people agiinstfils3 reports, an 1 th it they in ty un lerstand the true condition oraff.iirs in Fulton county. The excitement which followed the arrest by the military, and the demonstration of six or seven hun Ired armed citizens exhibited in the environs of Lewistown within eight hours thereafter, needs no comment from me, but of itself is sufficient apology for an armed force being quartered in our midst. WM. PHELPS, Lewistown, August 17, 1863. Provost Marshal of Fulton county." LEE'S SURRENDER. — LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION. Our armies bravely contended until finally, after four long years of bloodshed and carnage, the news was flashed over the wires that Lee had surrendered. This joyful news reached this county Mon day, April 10, 18t>5, being within two days of four years from the time the batteries were opened on Fort Sumter. On receiving the news of the fall of Richmond the people were very jubilant over the success of the Union forces. They assembled in all parts of the county and had grand jubilees. The streets of the cities were brilliantly illuminated; bonfires, rockets and music were seen and hear! on every hind; it wis indeed a season of rejoicing; and well might it be, for what had been endured, what had been suffered. Scarcely had the downfall of the Sjuthern Confederacy been re ceived ere the sad news of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln was flashed over the wires. On that beautiful April morning, five days after the announcement of Lee's surrender, the people, joyful over the near approach of the return of their loved ones from the South, the sorrowing news of the President's death was announced. Mr. Lincoln was bound to the people of this county with stronger cords than simply being a good ruler. He had spent many days here, had many warm personal friends, and it was like the loss of a brother. They felt the loss keenly; the tolling bells, the sym pathetic dirges, interpreted not merely the grief of a people at the loss of a President, but the sorrow of a community at the death of brother, a son, one who was closely akin to all. Meetings were held and appropriate resolutions passed. Dwellings, stores, churches and public buildings were draped, and the flags whicli had been sent up in moments of rejoicing were taken down, draped, and sent up at half-mast. THE CLOSE. The war ended and peace restored, the Union preserved in its in tegrity, the sons of Fulton who had volunteered their lives in de- 22 354 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. fense of their Government, and who were spared to see the army of fhe Union victorious, returned to their homes to receive grand ovations and tributes of honor from friends and neighbors who had eagerly and zealously followed them wherever the fortunes of war called. Exchanging their soldiers' uniforms for citizens' dress, most of them fell back to their old vocations, — on the farm, at the forge, at the bench, in the shop, and at whatever else their hands found to do. Brave men are honorable always, and no class of citizens are' entitled to greater respect than the volunteer soldiery of Fulton county, not alone because they were soldiers, but because in their associations with their fellow-men their walk is upright, and their honesty and character without reproach. Their country firsf; their glory and their pride, Land of their hopes, land where their fathers died ; When in the right, they'll keep their honor bright; When in the wrong, they'll die to set it right. No more fitting tribute to their patriotic valor can be offered the brave men who went forth in defense of liberty and union, than a full and complete record, so far as it is possible to make it, embrac ing the names, the terms of enlistments, the battles in which they. were engaged, and all the minutiae of their military lives. It will be a wreath of glory encircling every brow, a precious,memento to hand down to posterity, and one which each of them earned in de fense of their and our common country. There are, no doubt, some men who, while they lived in Fulton county, enlisted in other counties and were never credited to this county. While the names of such properly belong here, and we would gladly give them did we know them, yet the Adjutant-General's reports, the source of our information, give their names as belonging to other counties, and we were unable to learn of this fact in every case. FULTON COUNTY VOLUNTEERS. ABBREVIATIONS. ahs Absent. art : Artillery. col ..Colonel. capt Captain. corpl Corporal. com Commissioned.. cav Cavalry. capd .Captured. dis Disability. d Discharged. e Enlisted. hos Hospital. inf Infantry. » kid Killed. lieut :.... Lieutenant. m. o : Mustered Out. pris Prisoner. pro Promoted. regt Regiment. res Resigned. sergt Sergeant. tr....1 Transferred. v Veteran. , wnd Wounded. 8th INFANTRY. Bradshaw, John W., e. Co. C. Mar. 21,'65. m. o. May 4,'66. COMPANY E. Captain. Samuel Caldwell, e. July 25,'61, m. u. May4,'66. Privates. Caldwell, Wm. L., e. July 25'61. Died Feb. 17, '64. Cooper, C. S., e. July 28,'61. Trans, to artillery. Downing, H. H., e. July 28*61, 'd.Mar. 31,'62. Farewell, Milo, e. July 28,'61, d. Mar. 28,'64. . Jamison, S. H., e. July 28,'61. ' JCeefer, John M., e. July 28,'6l7 Norcott, F. A., e. July28,'61, d. July 28'64. Nutt, Samuel, e. Julv 28, '61. ' ' Pettit, C. E.; e.'July28,'61, d. Mar. 31 ,'62. Rockhold, B. P., e. July 28,'61,'d. July 28 ,'64. Stockdale, S. A., e. July 28,' 61. Thornton, T. W., e. July 28,'61, d. Jan. 21,'62. Thompson, J., e. July 25,'61, m. o. July 30'64. Wallace, J. B.,. e. July 28,'61, kid. at Shiloh, April 6,'62. • ¦" TS?& ?°,nry> e. Nov. 1,'64, m. or Oct. 31,'65. ~4 John, e. Oct, 3,'64, Co. H, 12th 'regt., m. o. Myi0,'65. ¦ Jul' io ,e' Oot' 4''64, C°' H' 12thTest- ; m- "¦ ^R./- H„ e. May 24,'61, Co. F, 14th regt. ; died May 2,'62. • hwS CT°fiJ e' Feb' 23''65' c°- c- l«h regt. Hughes, J. W., e. Mar. 31,'64. 16th INFANTRY. Mackey p. p., e. in Co. A, May 24,'61, v. *W\\!l" *' nCa A' May 24''61' died June COMPANY G. Anderson, W. B., e. May 24,'61, -pris. war, m. o. .June 3,'65. Hunter, W. A., e. May 24,'61, v., m.o. July 8,|65, as corpl. Husted, M. Aj e. May 24,'61, d. Mayl4,'62. ¦ Matthews, E.D., e.May 24,'61,v., m.o. July 8,'66. Newell, Thos.,e. May 24,'61, v., m.o. July 8,'65. Wesllake, J., e. May 24/61, v., hi. o. July 8/65, Westlake, M. M., e. May 24,'61, v., m. o. July 8,' '65. Perkins, M., e. May 24,'61, in Co. K., d. Oct. ' 10, '61. Saxbury, B. F., e. Jan. 5, '62, in Co. K. v., m. o. July 8, '65. 17th INFANTRY. The 17th Reg. 111. Inf. Vols, was mustered into the United States service at Peoria, 111., on the 24th day of May, 1861. Left for Alton, 111., late in July, proceeded to St. Charles, thence to Warren ton, Mo., where it remained about two weeks. The regiment left Warrenton for St. Louis and embarked on transports for Bird's Point, Mo. : thence to Sulphur Springs Land ing; debarking, went to Pilot Knob, Mo., in pursuit of Gen. Jeff. Thompson, and joined Prentice's command at Jackson, Mo.., thence. to Kentucky and aided in the construction of Fort Holt. Was then ordered to Cape Girar deau and was again sent in pursuit of Jeff. Thompson; participated in the engagement near Greenfield ; returned to Cape Girardeau and performed provost duty until Feb., 1862. Was then ordered to Fort Henry; participated. 356 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. in that engagement and Fort Donelson, losing several men killed, wounded, and taken pris oners. Soon after, went to Pittsburg Landing and was assigned to the army of West Tennes see; engaged in the battle of the 6th and 7th of April, suffering great loss in killed and wounded; was in the advance to Corinth; after the evacuation of Corinth, marched to Jackson, Tenn.; remained until July, when it was ordered to Bolivar, where it remained until November, 1862, participating during the time in the expedition to Iuka to reinforce General Rosecrans, where it was engaged in the battle of the Hatchie; marched to La grange, Tenn., the middle of November, re porting to Gen. John A. Logan, and was assigned to duty as provost guard. Early in December marched to Holly Springs, via Abbe ville and Oxford. At the battle of Holly Springs was assigned to Gen. McPherson's command, then proceeded to Moscow, Collierville and Memphis, and was assigned to duty at the navy yard, remaining until June 16, then embarking for Vicksburg, re-embarking for Lake Provi dence, La., where it remained until the invest ment of Vicksburg began. Went to Millikin's Bend, May 1, commenced the march across the Delta to Pekin's Landing, advanced with Mc Pherson's, command to the final investment of Vicksburg. After the surrender of that city, remained there, making frequent incursions into the enemy's country until May, 1864, the erm of service expiring on the 24th of May of that year. The regiment was ordered to Springfield, 111., to be mustered out, when those who had not re-enlisted as veterans received their final dis charge. A sufficient number not having en listed to entitle them to retain their regimental organization, were consolidated with the 8th 111. Inf., and were finally mustered out with that regiment in the spring of 1866. Colonel. Leonard F. Ross, e. May 8. '61, pro. Brig. Gen,, April 25,'62. , L. D. Kellogg, e. April 1,'61, res. June 14,'63. Chaa. B. Tompkins, e. May 20 ,'61, term expired June,'64. COMPANY C. Captains. Allen D. Rose, e. May 13,'61, res. Dec. 24.'61. Geo. W. Wright, e. May 23,'61, res. April 18,'62. MUton S. Kimball, e. May 20,'61, pro. A.A.G. Dec. 23,'62. Chauncey Black, e. May 26,'61, term expired June,'64. First Lieutenants. Wm. Walsh, e. May 13,'61, res. Dec 81, '61. Wm. T. Dodds, e. May 25,'61, res. April 18,'62. Jas. B. Rowley, e. May 25,'61, term expired June,'64. Seond Lieutenant. David A. Parks, e. May 13,'61, res. Dec. 27,'61. Sergeant. G. A. Schaper, e. May 2), '61. J. V. D. Davis, e. May 2>,'6I, d. Oct. 20, '62. Corporals. L. B. Martin, e. May 25,'61. D. M. Boynton, e. May 25, '61, d. Sept 7, '61, dis James M. Moor, e. May 25, '61. Privates. Allen, Siras, e. May 25,'61. • .'¦'':.. Blont, Allen, Jr., e. May 25/61. Bower, Wm., e. May 25/61. Boynton, Jonah, e. May 25"61. : Barker, Chas., e. May 25,'61, d. Aug. 18 '62 Bumnaugh, C. W., e. May 25/61; Blackall, Thos., e. May 25,'61, d. April 3 '62 Babbett, Joel, e. May 25,'61. Colville, Wm„ e. May 25, '61, kid. at Shiloh, April 6,'62. Driggs, Wm. H. e. May 25,'61. Edmonson, W. H. 1, e. May 25,'61, d. May 11 '62 Edmonson, Wm. H., 2, e. May 25/16. Ellis, Wm., e. May 25,'61, died Oct. 31 '61. Giles, D. E., e. May 25,'6I. Hunts, Geo. W.,e. May 25,61, d. Aug. 9,'62,wnd Head, Wm. E., e. May 25, '61, d. Nov.li),'62. Haggard, Joseph, e. May 25/61, died July 11, '62. Hurlbut, D. A., e. May 25,'61, d. Feb. 6,'G2. HaU, C, e. May 25/61, v. Johnson, H. D., e. May 25,'61, d. Feb. 7, '62. Lake, Wm. D., e. May 25,'61, died Oct. 7/62. Lambert, C. G, e. May 25,'61, v. Leevy, J. T., e. May 25, '61. Lamb, W. H., e. May 25,'61.. Mann, Isaac, e. May 25, '61. McConnell, W. J., e. May 25,'61. ..'-••' Mott, John M., e. May 25, '62. Murrey, Wm., e. May 25, '61, died Oct. 31/61. Morris, Edward, e. May 25,'61, d. May 3, '62. Norris, M. D., e! May 25, '61. Parks, C. E., e. May 25/61, d. Oct. 20,'62. Penny, W., e. May 25,'61, d. May 5, '62. Pardun, J. J., e. May 25, '61, d. June 13/62. Russell, John, e. May 25, '61, d. April 29/62. Rodenbaugh, J. H., e. May 25/61, d. May 13/63. Shaw, Amos, e. May 25/61. Steel, Geo. W., e. May 25/61, d. April 27/63. Small. L. H., e. May 25/61. Saunders, General L., e. May 25/61, d. May 16/62. Smith, F. M., e. 25/61, v., m. o. May 4/66. Smith, J. G, e. May 25/61. Schank, Jacob, e. May 25/61, d. April 29/62. Singleton, A. A., e. May 25/61, d. April 29/62, Taylor, H. N., e. May 25/61, d. Aug. 7/62. Venable, C, e. MayT>5/61, d. Sept. 20/61, fli». Weaver, Eldridge, e. May 25/61. Weaver, Jonathan, e. May 25/61. Welsh, Barclay, e. May 25/61. Wilmarth, C. S., e. May 25, '61, died May 6/62, Wagner, A. H., e. May 25/61, d. July 10/61, oil. Wesifall. A. P., e. May 25/61. " Wilkins, Philander, e. May 25/61. Culver, D. S., e. June 1/61. ¦ Corzette, Peter, e. June 1/61, died May 6, '62, Davis, Joseph, e. June 1/61, d. April 3/62, Henderson, Wm. G, e. Dec. 18/63, m. o. May 4/66. Jacobs, H. F., e. June 1/61, d. May 11/62. Neagley Martin, e. Sept. 11/61, kid. at Shiloh. Prinze, Christ., e. June 1,61, kid. at Shiloh. Powell, AI., e. Jane 24,61, v., m. o. MftyV«. Post, Harrison, e. July 26/61. Perine, J. L., e. Aug. 6.'62, d. April 27/63. Palmer, H. C, e. Dec. 31/63, m. o. May 4/66. Rust, John, e. May 25/61. „, ... Shepherd, Wm., e. June 1/61, died May 31/62, White, Milton, e. June 1/61. White, F.M.,e. June 1/61. ,,,. Walling, J. M., e. Dec. 28.'63, m. o. May i, » Fogg, David W., e. May 25/61, in Co. E. Newton, Walter, e. May 25/61, in Co. E. HISTOKY OF FULTON COUNTY. 357 COMPANY H. Leonard F. Ross, e. May 13/61, promoted col. Thomas A. Boyd, e. M ly 13/61, res. April 24/62. William W. Hull, e. May 25/61, m. o. June'64. First Lieutenants. Asias Willison, e. M*y 13/61, res. April 18/62. M S. Kimball, e. May 20/61, pro. capt. Co. G Wm. C. Stockdale, e. May 25/61, m. o. June,'64. Second Lieutenant. Wm. E. Yarnell, e. May-25/61, pro. 1st. lieut. Co. E., 8th regt. James J. Hall, e. May 25.'61, d. May 13,/62. Chauncey Black, e. May 25/61, pro. 1st. lieut. Corporals. Christian D. Bliss, e. May 25/61. C. B. Tompkins, e. May 25/61. L. W. Potts, e. May 25/61, v. D. G. Campbell, e. May 25/61, died Sept. 12, '62. Privates. Baken, Greenbury, e. May 25/51, d. April 20'62, wnds. Barger, J. S., e. May 25/61, promoted. Basor, John, e. May 25/6J» died Mar. 8, '62, wnds. Beeson, J. A., e. May 25/61, d. Oct. 26/62., Bennett, John, e. May 25/61. Barrys, J. B., e. May 25/61, d. July 22/62. Bowen, Evan, e. May 25/61. Brooks, N. C, e. May 25/61. d. Dec. 20/62. Buck,' J. H., e. May 25/61, d. July 22/62. Birch, A. W., e. May 25/61, v., pro. 1st Lieut. Boadownie, S/M., e. May 25/61, d. May 13/62. Cappee, Tobias, e. May 25/61. Carey, Patrick, e. May 25/61, v., m.o. May 4, '66. Childs, J. R., e. May 25/61, died May 15/62. Cunningham/]? H., e. May 25/61, trans, togun- , boat service. Donnelly, John, e. May 25/61. Day, CM., e. May 25/61. Dickenson, E. J., e. Mav25/61. Glacken, E. P., e. May 25/61, v., m.o. May 4/66. Goodman, Thos., e. May 25/61. v. Gray, J. A., e. May25.'61. Huffner, Wm. J., e. May 22/61. Ham, R.W., e. May 25/61, d. June 29/62, wnds. Harris, James, e. M-iy 26/61, trans, to gun-boat. Hasson, H. C, e. May 25/61. Jones, S. M., e. May 25/61. Kent, J. F., e. Mav 25/61. Kent, Divid, e. May 22/61, died April 14/62, wnds. Kent, E.Y.,e. May 25/61. Kindall, J. K., e. Mav 25.'61, d. May 2/62. Layton, Thoma6, e. Mav 25/61, kid at Fred- erickston, Mo., Oct. 21/61. Lewis, A. H., e. May 25/61. Love, Archibald, e. May 25/62. Maxwell, J. T., e. May 25. '61. Maxwell, J. L., e. Mar 25/61. McClay, Samuel, e. May 25.'61. McDowell, J. R., e. May 25/61. Messplay, G. S., e. May 25/61. d. Aug. 6/62. ' Milhson, John, e?/ May 25/61. Moranville, Eli, e. Mav 25/61. Nelson, Thomas, e. May 25/61, trans, to gun boat. Pixley, Thaddeus, e. May 25/61, d. June' 20/61. 28*62 6' May25''61> died^ March Roatson, j. V., e. Mav 25/61, v. 8eyier, Noah, e. May 25/61, v. wn'as''W"e' Hay 25''61, diedAPril V62, f^n'Ll\ J," e- May 25/61, v., d. Dec. 19/65.' Men, Samuel, e. May 25/61. Steuson, Alfred, e. May 25/61, d. July 26/62, Smith, James T., e. Mav 25/61, d. June 20/62. Trite, W. H., e May 25/61, d. May 5/62. Waddell, O. B., e. May 25/61. Walling, Eli, e. May 25/61, d. May 13/62. Weaver, T.M., e. May 25/61, v., m.o. May 4/66. Wheeler, Samuel, e. May 25/61. Walker, F. M., e. May 25/61, d. Mar. 8/62. White, G W., e. May 25/61. Wilson, J. W., e. May 25/62. Westfall, 0. G, e. May 25/61, d. Nov. 4/61. Woolfolk, A. G, e. May 25/61. Wilson, J. N., e. May 25/61, d. Aug. 14/62. Zepperer, W. H., e. May 25/61. Barney, H. G, e. May 26/61, m. o. May 4/66. Black, J. H., e. May 28/61, d. Mar. 10/63. Brick. J. E., e. June 26/61. Barber, Geo., e. Dec. 17/63, m. o. May 4/66. Bush, Sampson, e. Dec. 12/63, m. o. May 4/66. Cline, H. L. D., e. June 1/61, d. May 2/62. Edwards, J. W. Edwards, W. O., e. Nov. 28, '63, m. o. June 13/65. Foote, G. M.. e. Oct. 15/61, died Mar. 28/62. Griffith, Edward, e. Feb. 25/64, m.o. June 5/65. Hill, J. B.,e. Aug. 12/61. Hill, Henry B., e. Sept. 25/61. Humphrey, W. H., e. June 1/61. Herrill, D. H., e. Dec. 7/63. Krider, John, e. Feb. 15/64. m. o. May 4/66. Locke, W. E., e. May 26/61, died Nov. 18/61, wnds. McCammy, D. W., b. May 28/61. v., m. o. May 4/66. McConnell, J. L., e. May 28/61. ' Morgan. R. A., e. Dec. 7,'63. McCrasky, Sabron, e. Dec. 3, '63, m. o. April 19/66. Norman, S. H., e. June 1/61, d. Nov. 10/62. wnds. Resor, J. W., e. June 1/61. Siever, Levi. e. June 1/61, v. m. o. May 4/66. Smith, J. W., e. Oct. 21/61, v. m. o. May 4,'66. Shaw, S. Slack, W. H., e. Dec. 19/63. Smith, A., e. Feb. 2.'64, m. o. May 24/65. Seiver, Jacob, e. Feb. 1/64, m. o. May 4/66. Weaver, R. G., e. Feb. 1/61, died Dec. 4/64. Willis, B. F.,e. Feb. 1/64. Yarnell, J. H., e. June 1/61. • 18th INFANTRY. COMPANY I. Thomas, Wm., e. Mar. 10/65. Belloss, Amos, e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. Dec. 16/65. Thomas, Robert, e. Mar. 10, '65, m. o. Dec. 16/65. Wilcox, Geo., e Mar. 7/65. Belloss, Peter, e. Mar. 7/65, died April 4/65. Mahoney, John, e. Oct. 3/64. 21st INFANTRY. COMPANY F. Gilson, Charles B., e. Mar. 8/64, m. u. Dec. 16/65. Greer, D. B., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Dec. 16/65. Knock, Samuel, e. Dec. 16/63. COMPANY G. Bryant, M. A., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Dady, Owen, e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Douglas, C. W., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Gove, Joel, e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65: Lindsley, W. J., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10.'65. Lovejov, Ami, e. Oct. 10/64, m, o. Oct. 10/65. Mitchell, J. F., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Stone, W. E., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Whitney, A. B., e. Oct. 10/64. Washburn, Volney, e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Hall, H. W., e. Oct. 10/64, m. o. Oct. 10/65, 358 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 26th INFANTRY. Gregory, B. F., e. Aug. 23/61. v., m. o. July . • .20/65. Bates, G. D., e. Jan. 25/64, in Co. C, m. u. July 20.V65. COMPANY K. Captain. John B. Bruner, e. Jan. 28/62, pro. Major. Privates. Beers, W. R., e. Dec. 16/61, died Aug. 11/63. Onion, M. F., e. Dec. 18/61, died Aug. 20.'63. Rockhold, L. G, e. Dec. 30/61. Robinson, W. G., e. Dec. 18/61. Shook; J.-M., e. Aug. 12/61, Co. E, 27th Regt. Cox, John, e. Aug. -12/61, Co. E, 27th Regt. Musselman, G., e. Aug. 12/61, Co. E. 27th Regt. Perkins, R. J., e. Mar. 21/64. 28th INFANTRY was organized at Camp Butler, August, '61. It proceeded, Aug. 28, to Thebes ; Sept. 9, to Bird's Point, Mo. ; Oct. 2, to Fort Holt, Ky. ; Jan. 31/62, moved to Paducah, Ky. ; Feb. 5, moved up Tennessee river; Feb. 6, took part in the capture of Forts Henry and Heiman ; Feb. 13, a detachment of 48 men and 12 officers met the .enemy (500 strong) at Little Bethel- Church, and immediately-attacked and routed them. Arrived at Pittsburg Landing Mar. 17. It was assigned to a position in the Peach Orchard. April 6, they repulsed the attacks of the enemy, holding its position from 8 A. M. to 3 P. M. On the morning of the 7th, it held a position on the right of the line, and was hotly engaged until the battle closed and the victory was won. During these two, long, trying, bloody days, this regiment behaved nobly, and its lines were never broken nor was it driven back by the enemy, though often most heavily pressed. The regiment sustain ed the fearful loss of 239 men killed and~wound. ed ; was engaged in the siege of Corinth dur ing the month of May, '62; marched to Mem phis, arriving July 21, '62; marched Sept. 6, reaching Bolivar, 14th; Oct. 5, engaged in bat tle of Matamora, losing 97 men, killed, wound ed and missing ; returned to Bolivar Oct. 7 ; Dec. 30, were assigned to duty of guarding rail road from Holly Springs to Waterford, Miss. ; was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg from June 11 to July 4, '63. <3n the 12th of July, '63, near Jackson, Miss., the 28th, 41st and 53d Illinois and 3rd Iowa Infantry, not exceeding 800 men, were ordered to charge across a level open cornfield, some six hundred yards, and carry a strong line of the enemy's works, mounting 12 guns and manned by at least 2,000 men. The brigade swept gallantly for ward, under a destructive fire of grape, can ister and minie bullets. The enemy ap pearing upon both flanks as it reached the ditch, it was compelled to fall back, with a loss of more than half of the rank and file killed and wounded; out of the 128 men of this regimen engaged, 73 were killed and wounded and 16 taken prisoners. The regiment remained at Natchez during the latter part of '63, doing pro vost guard duty. The regiment re-enlistcd Jan. 4/64. May 18, proceeded to Illinois for veteran furlough; returning, arrived at Natchez July 8 ; were engaged in several ex peditions ; Oct. 10, was consolidated into four companies; was engaged in the siege of Span ish Fort, losing 14, killed and wounded, in cluding two captains; was reviewed by Chief Justice Chase June 3/65. Number of men at organization 761 Recruits 959 1,« Commissioned officers killed 9 " wounded 19 " discharged... 49 " " dismissed 4 " died of disease 2 " " transferred 3 Enlisted men killed..., '. 52 " died of wounds; 34 " " wounded ...266 " " missing in action ; p " " killed accidentally 5 " " died of disease 139 " discharged 445 " " transferred 18 Colonel. Hinman Rhodes, e. Aug. 17/61, m. u. Mar. 15, '66. Lieutenant Colonel. Edwin P. Durell, e. Aug. 15/61, m. 0- Mar. 15, '66. Adjutant. Thomas A. Ralston, e. Aug. 17/61, m. 0. Oct. 7/64. Quarter master. James G Dunlap, e. Aug. 15/61, m. 0. Mar, 15/66. Sergeant Major. David Branson. Wm. D. Cox, e. Jan. 8/62, v. m. 0. Mar. 15/66, Commissary Sergeant. Robert Blair. John R. Patrick. Hospital Steward. Oliver Wood, e. Sept. 1/61, v. m. 0. March. 15, •66. COMPANY A. Second Lieutenant. John R. Easley, m. o. Mar. 15/66. Sergeants. J. A. Blair, e. Aug. 1/61, d. Aug. 26/64. J. P. Smith, e. Aug. 1, '61, trans, to U. S. Navy. J. M. Smith, e. Aug. 1.'61, d. Aug. 26/64. Privates. Allen, U. W., e. Aug. l.'Bl, v. m. 0. Mar. 6/68. Brewer, J. S., e. Aug. 1/61, v. m. 0. Mar. 15, » Crosby, D. M:., e. Aug. 1/61. Gary, F. M., e. Aug. 1/61, d. Mar. 28/62, du. Dutro, J. B., e. Aug. 1/61, v. , _ v „.,,., France, W. L., e. Aug. 1/61, v. died Feb. 28, ia Fisher, John. e. Aug. 1/61, d. May 7/62, fl» Hanks, J. A., e. Aug. 1/61, v. pro. 2d Lieut- Co. E. Hedge, Richard, e. Aug. 1/61, died. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 359 Newton, D. W., e. Aug. 1/61, kid. at Shiloh. Stropes, Wm., e. Aug. 1/61, v. m. o. Mar. 15/66. Smith, W. P., e. Aug. 1/61. Wilcox, B. F., e. Aug. 1/61. Walling, E. P., e. Aug. 1/61, m. o. Aug. 16/64. Williamson, J. A., e. Aug. 1/61, v. m. o. Mar. 7/66. Davis, Lukins, b. Sept. 27/61, v. m. u. Mar. Schoolcraft, Benj., e. Aug. 17/61, died Oct.1/63. Davis, J. G., e. Aug. 22/61, v. in Co. G. Moore, J. G., e. Aug. 22/61, in Co. G. COMPANY H. First Lieutenant.. Isaiah Denness, e. Aug. 17/61; term ex.'64. Second Lieutenant. J. B. Carithers, b. Aug. 15/61, resigned Aug. 8/63. Corporals. • J. Q. Ludlum, e. Aug. 15/61, in. o. Aug. 26/64. C. R. Watkins, e. Aug. 15/61, v. Wm H. Barrow, e. Aug. 15/61, died of wnds. April 26/62. Thomas, Barrow, b. Aug. 15, '61, m. o. Aug. 26, '64. "William H. Wier, e. Aug. 15/64, wnd; d. Dec. 31/62. Privates. Arnold, J. M.. e. Aug. 15/61, v. Aten, Henry, e. Aug. 15/61, d June 19/62, dis. Atherton, James, e. Aug. 15/61, v. Barrow, Jinken, e. Aug. 15/61, m. o. Aug.16/64. Burton, Lemuel, e. Aug. 15/61. Carter, John, e. Aug. 15/61, v. m. o. Mar.15/66. Dollar, Wm., e. Aug. 15/61. Easley, D. M., e. Aug. 15/61, v. m. o. Mar.15/66. Etaire, Samuel, e. Aug. 15/61, d. Oct. 2/62, wnds. Farrand, James, e. Aug. 15/61, ¦* . Hill, George, e. Aug. 15/61. Howard, S. M., e. Aug. 15/61, \ . House, B. F., e. Aug. 15/61, v. Hall, F. A., e. Aug. 15/61, d. Aug. 16/62, dis. . Jacob, J. A., e. Aug. 15/61. Kelso, John, e. Aug. 15/61, d. Aug. 16/62, dis. Ludlum, Alma, e. Aug. 15"61, m. o. Aug.26/64. Mercer, Charles, e. Aug. 15/61, d. Aug. 2/62, dis. Moore, J. W., e. Aug. 15/61. Musgrove, S. R., e. Aug. 15/61, m. o. Sept.8/64: Musgrove, B. F., e. Aug. 16/61, m. o. Aug. 26/64. Morrison, G. V., e. Aug. 15/61, v., kid. Sept. 20/64. Moses, Samuel, e. Aug. 15/61, d. Oct. 22/62, dis. Powell, J. C, e. Aug. 15/61. Pettinger, William, e. Aug. 15/61, kid. at Shiloh. Stevens, Robert, e. Aug. 15/61, m. o. Aug. 26/64. Sapp, John, e. Aug. 15/61. Thompson, John, e. Aug. 15/61, m. u. Aug. 26/64. Thomas, G. W., e. Aug. 15/61, v., m. o. Mar. 15/66. Wilson, Charles, e. Aug. 15/61, m. o. Aug, 26/64. WilktaB, Ralph, e. Aug. 15/61. ™.Me. Aug. 15/61, kid. at Shiloh. Bedwell, Benj., e. Mar. 21/64, m. o. Mar. 15/66. Brown Peter, e. Jan. 18/62, m. o. June 19/65. Brick, G. W., e. Mar. 24/64, m. o. Mar. 15/66. i&r' n' T'' e' Mar- 24''64. m- o. Mar.15,136. fW^'rV-' SeP- 6' 61' m- "• Sep1- V64. o?s ' ' e' 14''64' d- ™ay 12>'65' Denness, Charles, e. Oct. 11/61 Dickinson, Geo., e. Nov. 14/61. Dobbins, Franklin, b. Jan. 8/62, died of wnds Oct. 14/62. Galbreath, William, e. Aug. 8/61, d. Jan. 28, '63, dis. Halliday, J. G, e. Mar. 21/64, m. o. Mar.15/66. Hermon, Calvin, e. Aug. 8/61, kid at Shiloh. Hermon, J. P., e. Sept. 1/61. Ingram, Simpson, e. Sept. 1/61. Knowles, Noah, e. Mar. 29/64, m. o. Mar.l5.'66. Moore, Wm., e. Mar. 14/64, m. o. Mar. 15/66. Miller, Michael, e. Mar. 26/64, m. o. Mar.15/66. Morrison, C. B., e. Mar. 21/64, m. o. Mar.15/66. McMullen, Horace, e. Sep. 1/61, m.o. Sep.4/64. Price, W.,M., e. Sept. 27/61, died Sept. 2/63. Reese, G. W., e. Sept. 1/61. m. o. Sept. 4/64. Sturgeon, Simpson, e. July 22/61. Thompson, Charles, e.' Feb. 30/64, d. Jan. 18, '65, dis. Thompson, J. M., e. Mar. 21, '64, m. o. Mar. 15/66. Thomas, Samuel, e. Sept. 1/61, m. o. Sept.4/64. Thomas, Erastus, e. Sept. 1/61, m. o. Sept.4/64. Thomas, R. T., e. Sept. 1/61. v.,m. o. Mar.16/66. Wood, Aaron, e. Mar. 14/64, m. o. Mar. 6/66. Warner, Alfred, e. Sept. 1,61, m. o. Sept. 4/64. Watt, Henry, e. Oct. 28/61, v., m. o. Mar.15/66. Wiley, J. W., e. Sept. 1/61, d. July 24,'62,wnds. Youst, Elijah, e. Sept. 1/61, d. Oct. 22/62, dis. Bateson, Geo., e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Mar. 10/66. Hays, James, e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Mar. 10/66. Nelson, Edward, e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Mar. 10/66. Rutledge, Simon, e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Aug. 11/65. Wiley, J., e. Mar. 10/65, Jb. o. Mar. 10/66. COMPANY I. Sergeant. Andrew J. Petty, e. Aug. 27/61, died Mar. 6'62. Corporals. John Smith, e. Aug, 27/61, wnd. v. James H. Rogers, e. Aug. 27/61, died April i). '62, wnds. Privates. Clift, E. M., e. Aug. 27/61, v. m. o. Mar. 15/66. Murphv, W. H. e. Aug. 27/61. Massie.'M. W., e. Aug. 27/61, d. Oct. 20/62, dis. Phrimmer, S., e. Aug. 27/61, m. o. Aug. 26/64. Rogers, Jackson, e. Aug. 27/61, m. o. Aug. 26/64. Rogers, J. L., e. Aug. 27/61, m. o. Aug. 26/64. Stevens, Joseph, e. Aug. 27/61. Stambaugh, J., e. Aug. 27/61, m.o. Aug. 26/64. Voorkes, T. J., e. Aug. 27/61. Voorkes, J. M., e. Aug. 27/61, right arm shot off at Metamora. Craig, Wm., e. Jan. 5/64. Hubbard, W. H., e. Mar. 1/62, v. Turpin, Martin, e. Jan. 18/64, died Feb. 12/64. Miller, W. F., e. Feb. 15/64. Eickelberger, J., e. Mar. 4/65, m. o. Mar. 4/66. Allen, Geo., e. Aug. 4/62, in Co. F, 29th regt. Courtney, R., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. A, 31st regt. Soaper, S., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. A, 31st regt. Williams, J. J., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. A, 31st regt. Wages, Isaac, e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. A,.31stregt, Murphy, J-. E., e. Aug. 15/61, in Co. I, 31st regt. Anderson, Henry, e. Oct. 3/64. Maloon, Wm., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. I, 32dregt. Wilcoxen, D., e. Jan. 8/62, in Co. I, 32d regt. died May 1/62. Mann, J., e. Oct. 5/64, in Co. I, 32d regt. Mallon, Wm., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. I, 32d regt. Moore, David, e. Aug. 23/61, in Co. E, 33d regt. Lines, W. H., e. Mar. 20/65, in Co. C, 34th regt. DaCogan, E.. e. Mar. 20/65, in Co. G, 34th regt. Forrest, Daniel, e. July 3/61, in Co. F, 35th regt. 36th INFANTRY. Ammerman, A. A., e. Oct. 8/64, in Co. E, pris, war. 360 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Bier. S. B., e. Oct. 4/64, in Co. E. Chamberlain, Wm., e. Oct. 3/64, in Co. E. Figird, David, e. Oct. 3/64, in Co' E. Leigh, I., e. Oct. 3/64, in Co. E, died of wnds. Dec. 7. '64. » Shrevesl L., e. Oct. 4/64, died Jan. 13/65. Dunblazer, H., e. Oct. 14/64, in Co. H. Fisher, I. B., e. Oct. 18/64, in Co. H. Rav, Wm. W., e. Oct. 15/64, in Co. H. Buckner, W. E., e. Oct. 19.'64, died Jan. 15/65. McBride, W. P., e. Oct. 14/64, supposed to have died.' Sayers, F. M., e. Oct. 14/64, in Co. K. 37th INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Brigg, Henry, e. Aug. 1/61. v. m.o. May 15, '66. Cleaveland, Chas., e. Aug. 1/61. v. m. o. May 15/66. Cleaveland, James, e. Aug. 1/61. v. m.o. Oct. 4/64. Chadwick, W., e. Aug. 1/61. kid, Oct. 4/63. Carman, T. H., e. Aug. 1/61. Hender, Vernon, e. Aug. 1/61. m. o. Oct. 4/64. Hawkins, J. S., e. Aug. 1/61. Jacobs, F. J., e. Aug. 1/61. v. Morrell, W. G, e. Aug. 1/61. v. pro. Q. M. ser geant. McCormick, J., e. Aug. 1.'61. d. Nov. 16/62. dis, Manner, ,GVB., e. Aug! 1/61. kid. Mar. 7/62. Potter, A. J., e. Sept. 1/61. Rowling, G J., e. Aug. 1/61. m. o. Oct. 4/64. Rich, Peter, e. Sept. 1/61. v, m. o. May 15/66. Squires, G S., e. Aug. 1/61. m. o. Sept. 29/64. Ward, J. S., e. Aug. 1/61. di»d Nov. 18/61. COMPANY P. Galliger, W. H., e. Aug. 19/61. m. o Oct. 4/64. Hall, C. F., e. Aug. 19/61. m. o. Sept. 19/64, Maltby, G, e. Aug. 19/61. m. o. Sept. 19/64. 39th REGIMENT. COMPANY P. Drake, J. G, e. Feb. 23/64. m. o. Dec. 6/65. Harvey, Henry, e. Feb. 29/64. m. o. Julv 17/65. Letwiler, G, e. Feb. 29/64. m. o. Dec. 6/65. Lusk, P., e. Feb. 2/64. died at Andersonville. Mittimore, A., e. Feb. 29/64 died Mar. 23/64. Smith, A., e. Feb. 2/64. d. Mav 6/65. dis. Butterfield, F. L., e. Feb. 4/64. m. o. May 30, '65. Gillmore, Wm., e. Aug. 7/61, in Co. F. 41st regt. 42d INFANTRY. Day, Geo., e. Aug. 20/61. B'irnett, James, e. Aug. 8/61. m. o. Feb. 8/65. Chamberlain, Wm., e. Sept. 15/61. leg ampu tated. Courtney, H. H., e. Aug. 3/61. v. m. u. Dec. 16, '65. Corbin, Wm., e. Aug. 3/61. d. Aug. 31/62. Duryea, J. W., e. Aug. 10/61. v. Gibson, J. A., e. Aug. 3/61. wounded. Green, W. R., e. Aug. 10/81. v. m. o. Aug. 3, '65. Hoag, J., e. Aug. 29/61. v. m. o. Dec. 16/65. Johnson, W. H„ e. Aug. 13/61. Morse, W. G, e. Aug. 10/61. m. o. June 3/65. Oldham, J., e. July 13/61. v. m. o. Dec. 16/65. Roberts, J. J., e Aug. 10/61. d. for dis. Thompson, John, e. July 30/61. v. m. o. Dec. 16/65. Vogland, F. E. D., e. Aug. 27/61, m. o, Sept. 16, 64, 47th INFANTRY Was organized at Peoria, Aug. 16/61. It pro ceeded to Benton Barracks, Sept. 23; May 9 '62, was engaged at Farmington, Miss.; was engaged May 28, near Corinth, and at that city Oct. 3d and 4th, where they lost their brave Col. W. A. Thrush, while leading a charge. The regiment lost in this engagement 30 killed and over 100 wounded. May 14/63, was en gaged at Jackson, Miss.; took part in the charge on the enemy's works at Vicksburg May 22, losing 12 killed and a large number wounded; wis at the battle of Pleasant Hill, La., April 9/64. Returned to Vicksburg May 22, with Gen. Smith's command, after a cam paign of nearly three months, in which they suffered almost unheard-of fatigue and priva tions, many men dying from hardships. The 47th met and defeated Gen. Marmaduke near Lake Chicat, in which they lost 11 killed and a number wounded. It was mustered out Jan. ,'66, at Selma, Ala. COMPANY A. First Lieutenant. John W. Dodds, e. Aug. 25/61. res. June 17/62, Sergeant. John Watts, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Corporals. James Parr. e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Irving G Fox, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. J. A. H. Speer, e. Aug. 16, '61. m. o.Oct. 11/61, Reuben Edmonson, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Privates. Baxter, John, e. Aug. 16/61. Cunningham, Alex.,e. Aug. 16/61. d. April 13, '63. dis. Combs, A. J., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64, Cain, John, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Cozad, B. F., e. Aug. 16/61. d. June 19/62. dis. Conk, G C, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Dver, Martin, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Edmonson, G B., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Fredrick, P., e. Aug. 16/61. v. pro. 1st Lieut. Gray, D. H., e. Aug. 16/61. died Nov. 6/61. Giberson, D., e. Aug. 16/61. Griffith, T., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Gladman, Amos, e. Aug. 16.'61. v. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Hirn, D. A., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Haptenstall, A. G, e. Aug. 16/61. v. pro. Cap tain. Hart, James, e. Aug. 16/61. died Oct. 22/62. Harlan, Plato, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Harlan, N. B., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, 64. Jackson, J. A., e. Aug. 16/61. m. 0. Oct. 11, 64. Kirkendall, Wm., e. Aug. 16/61. v. Logan, Geo., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, 64. McFarland, John, e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Patton, Wm., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Dec. 17/64. Romine, S., e Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Stewart, S. G., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, M, Toland, G. W., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct. 11, 64. Sullivan, S. D., e. Aug. 16/61. ni. o. Jan. 21, 66. Sullivan, Elijah, e. Aug. 16/61. v. m. o. Jan. 21.'66. „ ,.„ Thurman, S. H., e. Aug. 16.'61. d. Dec. 15, 6i Warriner, J. G, e. Aug. 16/16. m. o.Oct. 11/64. Wendall, J. R., e. Aug. 16/61. m. o. Oct.11,64 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 361 Hollister/H. F., e. Aug. 2/64. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Stewart, Wm., e. Sept. 18/61. m. o. Aug. 18/64. • McKenzie, J. S., e. Aug. 18/61. d. Jan. 2/63. Sampson, J. T., e. Aug. 18/61. d. Dec. 16/61. Sampsm, C. J., e. Aug. 18/61. died Aug. 18/63. Sampson, W, B., e. Aug. 18/61. m. o. Oct. 11, '64. Fountain, Samuel. . Snyder, H. H., e. Aug. 21/61, in Co. F. Wilmot, L. D., e. Aug. 16/61, in Co. G. m. u. . 11/647 Aug. COMPAN Y I. Chadwick, Geo., e. Sept. 4/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Davis, J. H„ e. Sept. 4/61. Dift, W. H., e. Sepr. 4/61, Galer, R., e. Sept. 4/61. v. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Leeper, G. T., e. Sept. 4/61. m. o. Oct. 11/64. Leeper. W. 0., e. Sept. 4/61. m. o. Oct. 11/54. Saunders, Henry, e. Sept. 4/61. Stoddard, Israel, e. Sept. 4/61. d. June 24/62. dis, Tullis, Daniel, a. Sept. 4/61. died of wds. Oct. 4/62. COMPANY P. 47th consolidated. John J. Bell, e. Feb. 24/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. J. 0. Thorn, e. Mar. 1/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Wm. Maxwell, e. Mar. 1/6S. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Privates. Culley, John, e. Feb, 23/65. d. Nov. 18/65. dis. Dawson, Robt., e. Feb. 23/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Davis, Joseph, e. Feb. 23/65. m. o. May 23/65. Fahee, Wm., e. Feb. 21/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Gamble, J., e. Mar. 1/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Hendricks, James, e. Mar. 1/65. m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Hendricks, Wm., e. Feb. 23/65. m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Johnson, Levi, e. Feb. 25/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. McKinney, J. 0., e. Mar. 2/65. m. o. Jan. 21, '66. Ohern, M., e. Feb. 24/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. Turl, F., e. Mar. 1/65. m. o. Jan. 21/66. 50th INFANTRY Was organized in the month of August, 1861, by Col. Moses M. Bane. The 50th was engaged at Shiloh, April 6th and 7th; engaged in the siege of Corinth, May, 1862. June 4 it pursued the enemy as far as BDoneville, Miss., return ing to Corinth June 10. The regiment was en gaged in a number of battles and skirmishes, during their service. About three-fourihs of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans and were mustered Jan. 16/64, when they left for Illinois for veteran furlough. The 50th was one of the best drilled regiments (n the, service. In the prize drill July 3/65, with the 63d Illinois, 7th Iowa and 50th Illinois competing, the latter won the prize banner. They were mustered out of service July 13, 1865. Lieutenant- Colonel. Mervin B. Converse, e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. July La, du. Adjutant. Walter S. Wood, e. Aug. 26/64, res. April 14/65. Quartermaster Sergeant. A. J. Ransom, e. Sept. 10/61, d. July 15/62, dis. Miller, Wm., Co. F, e. Nov. 14/64. Randall, Stephen, Co. F, e. Nov. 14/64, m. o. July 13/65. Scott, Joseph, Co. F, e. Nov 14/64, m. o. July 13/65. COMPANY G. Captain. Jacob Fleming, e. Sept. 25/61, m. u. July 13/65. First Lieutenants. E. P. Barrett, e. Dec. 12/61, res. July 13/62. Lewis Zolman, e. Sept. 10/61, res. Aug. 31/62. James D. Graham, e. Sept. 25, '61, m. o. July 13/65. Second Lieutenants. J. B. Strode, e. Sept, 10/61, m. o. July 13/65. A. S. Wright, e. Dec. 14/61, kid Oct. 5/64. Sergeant. J. W. DeVaney, e. Sept. 10/61. m. o. July 13/65. Corporals. Wm. Gustin, e. Oct. 1/61, d. May 6/62, dis. J. A. Gustin, e. Oct. 1/61, m. o. Oct. 7/64. O. S. Munger, e. Sept. 10/61. Privates. Burgett, W. G, e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Bybee, G H., e. Oct. 1/61. Blain, J. H., e. Sept. 19/61, m. o. July 13/65, corpl. Baughman, W. H., e. Oct. 8/61, died July 19.'62. Compton, J. J., e. Sept. 24/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Chicken, N. D., e. Oct. 12/61, m. o. Oct. 7/64. Culver, Solon, e. Oct. 8, '61, m. o. Oct. 7/64, corpl. Fridlev, A. T., e. Oct. 1/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Fate, Martin, e. Oct. 1/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64, corpl. Fate, G. R., e. Sept. 10/61, m, o. Sept. 27/64. Graham, J. S., e. Sept. 25/61, d. July 1/62, dis. Holt, Ira, e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Jennings, G. W., e. Sept. 24/61, d. June 17/62, dis. Knock, W. R., e. Oct. 1/61, m. o. July 13/65, Sergt. Knock, Bruce, e. Oct. 1/61, m.- o. Sept, 27/64. Leslie, T. H., e. Sept. 10/61, pro. hos. steward, U. S. A. Moon, D. R., e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. McQueen, T., e. Oct. 1/61, v. m. o. July 13/65, McGee, Terry, e. Oct. 8/61, v. m. o. July 13/65, sergt . Nolan, Augustus, e. Oct. 8/61, m.o. Oct. 7/64. Nolan, John, e. Oct. 8/61, d. June 21/62, wnds. Overton, G E., e. Sept. 10/61, pro. 1st surgt. 1st Ala. Inf. \ Quigley. E. J., e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Reese, H, B., e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Reese. J. W., e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Wheeier, A. O., e. Sept. 10/61, m. o. Sept. 27/64. W.vant, I. F., e. Oct. 8/61, m. o. Oct. 7/64. Zolman, A. P., e. Oct. 8/61, kid. May 16/62. Anderson, R. R., e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. July 13/65. Anthony, Wm., e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. July 13/65. Anderson, J. S., e. Jan. 26/64, d. Mar. 7/65, dis. Bogue, Wm., e. Feb. 8/64, m. o. July 13/65, corpl. Bean, Joseph, e. Feb. 4/64, m. o. July 13/65. Berrv, Thos. A., e. Feb.25/64, m. o. July 13/65. Brad'lev, Samuel, e. April 1/65, m.o. July 13/65. Chicken, John, e. Jan. 26/65, m. o. July 13/65. Conn, G. W., e. Mar. 7/65, abs. sick atm. o. of regt. Dorsey, N. H., e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. July 13/65. Graham, J. S., e. Feb. 8/64, m. o. July 13/65, • corpl. Gustine, Wm., e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. July 13/65. Graham, J. T., e. Feb. 10/65, m.o. July 13/65. Gregory, D. B., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. July 13/65. 362 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Hoopes, John, e. Jan. 26/64, m. o. July 13/65. Knock, J. N., e. Feb. 25/64, m. o. July 13/65. Lamb, E. H., e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. July 13/65. Mathews, J. T., Feb. 10/65, m. O.July 13/65. McMullen, Rufus. e. Mar. 7, '65, m.o. July 13/65. Pickering, A. I., e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. July 13/65. Parks, James, e. Mar. 7/65, m. o. July 13/65. Pickering, J., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Junei6/65. Strode, A. H., e. Feb. 8/64, m. o. July 13/65. Strode, W. S., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. July 13/65. Allder, I. F., e. Nov. 14/64, died Jan. 18/65. Corv, J. W., e. Nov. 17/64, m. o. July 13/65. Kleinp, A., e. Nov. 30/64, m. o. July 13/65. Marshall, J. M., e. Nov. 14/64, m.o. July 1/65. Poe, Anthony G., e. Nov.. 14, '64, died Jan. 12, '65. 5lst INFANTRY Was organized December 24, '61 , and on Febru ary 14/62, was ordered to Cairo, 111., Col. Cum mings commanding. April 7, the regiment moved against Island No. 10; on. the 8th pur sued the enemy, compelling the surrender of Gen. Mackall. On the 11th embarked and moved down the Mississippi to Osceola, Ark., and disembarked on the 22d. The 51st partic ipated in the battles of Farmington, siege of Corinth, Nashville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Rocky Face Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain and many others. They were in the thickest of the fight at Chickamauga, sustaining heavy loss, nearly one-half of the number engaged being killed or wounded. They also sustained a severe loss at Kenesaw Mountain. The regi ment was heavily engaged in the battle of Nashville, December 1, where they lost 150 men in killed, wounded and missing. The 51st was mustered out at Camp Irwin, Texas, Septem ber 25, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, Octo ber 15, 1865, where they received final pay and discharge. COMPANY I. Captain. Henry Augustine, b. Feb. 25, '65, m. u. Sept. 25/65. First Lieutenant. Geo. A. Turner, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Second Lieutenant. Samuel Nutt, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. First Sergeant. W. D. Johnson, e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65. Sergeant. J. P. Fox, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. W. H. Brown, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. George Black, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Jas. H. Burk, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Corporals. Jesse Beason, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. John Newton, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. J. M. Putnam, e. Feb. 25/65, in. o. Sept. 25/65- Malen Blanvett, e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65 Geo. Sebree, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Philander Wilkins, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o, Sept. 25/65. Peter Walling, b. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Musicians. Theodore Wilson, e. Feb. 25, '65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. W. E. Walgamot, e. Feb. 25, '65, in. o. Sent 25/65. v Isaac V. Dean, e. Feb. 25/65, m. u. Sept. 25/65. Privates. Bailey, U. L., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65 Birkshire, J. G, e. Mar, 16/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65 Baylor, J. R., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Birkshire, Hamilton, e. Mar. 13/65, m. o Aue 18/65. B' Bringar, W. H., e. Mar. 20/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Barber, Robert, e. Mar. 16/65, m. o. Sept 25' '65, corpl. Black, W. H., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Bryant, Daniel, e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65 Barber, Geo. W., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sent. 25/65. Bennett, E., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Bragg, J. F., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. May 11/65. Burkmshaw, Geo., e. Feb. 25/65, m„ o. Sept. 25/65. Blaine, James, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Ball, Harrison, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Connelly, S. L.,e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65, Cisco, M. S., e. Feb. 14/65, died April 9/65: Cox, John B., e. Mar. 20/65, m. o. Sept, 25/65. Conlin, Thos., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Cooper, H. A., e. Feb. 25/65, m,'o. Sept. 25/65. Davis, D. T., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o.Sept. 25/65. Davidson, Wm., e. March 18, '65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Dewey, Frederick, e. Feb. 23/65, m. u. Sept. 25/65. / Dunkin, Joseph, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Aug. 9/65. Edgar, Thomas, e. Feb. 25„65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Fox, J. P., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Ford, Thomas, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65, Grovendyke, Garrett, e. Mar. 13/65, died Aug. 6/65. Garrison, J. W., e. Mar. 20/65. Greenslit, Hubert, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Harris, Isaac, e. Mar. 20/65, m. 0. Sept. 25/65. Johnson, Erick, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Jones, W. W., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Jones, James, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Knapp, J. D., e. Feb. 25, '65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Luther, John, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. McKinney, E., e. Mar. 14/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Moore, Ezekiel, e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. McCreary, W. H., e. Feb. 25. '65, m. o. Aug. 62/65. McCreary, J. L., e. Mar. 20/65, m.o. Sept. 15/65. McKinley, M. G., Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Mille, G. W., e. Feb. 25/65. Mills, Andrew, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65, Oatman, Jacob, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept 25/65, Provard, Robert, e. Feb. 25, '65, m. o. Aug. 9/65. Provard, G W., e. Feb. 25/65, died April 2/65. Pickett, W. W., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. May 23/65. Pretman, J. W., Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Payton, Elijah, e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65. Rooks, William, e. Feb. 25/65, m.o. Sept. 25/65. Rawalt, John, e. Mar. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Schoolev, Benj., c. Feb. 25/65. m.o. Sept. 25/65. Sebree, Preston, e. Feb. 25/65 m. o. Sept. 26/65. Singleton, Milton, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept, Scott, Robert, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Scrivner, Leander, e. Mar. 20/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. See, David, e. Mar. 17/65, m. o. Sept. 8/65. Sylva, T. W., e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Wilke, J. H., e. Feb. 25/65, m. O. May 23/65. Wilcoxen, W. H., e. Feb. 25, '65, m. o. Sept, Ward.'E.L., e. Mar. 18/65, m. o. Sept. 15/65. Wages. John, e. Feb.. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25, 65. Wise, Jacob, e. Feb. 25/65, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Eldridge, J. B., Co. B, e. Dec. 24/63, kid. June 20/64. > HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 363 Thos. McCormick, corpl., Co. F, e. April 15/62, m.o. June 16/65. Jones, Warren, Co. F, e. May 3/62. Kelly, F. M., Co. F, e. April 24/62, m. o. June 16/65. Wisner, W. E.,e. Dec. 22/63, Co. I, 52d Inf., m. o. July 6/65. Williams, E. G, e. Feb. 6/64, Co.I, 52d Inf., m. 0. June 24/65. 53d INFANTRY. Mann, C. W., Co. A., e. Oct. 19/64, sub. m. o. Julv 22/65. Sommers, A. J., Co. A.,e. Dec. 7/64, sub. m. u. July 22/65. COMPANY E. Edwin Vandervere, Corpl. e. Jan. 9/62. kid. Oct. 5/62. Cameron, A. A., e. Jan. 9/62. d. Apl. 23/63. dis. Elliott, I. V., e. Jan. 9/62. died Apl. 10/r.2. Elliott, Jasper, e. Jan. 9/62. died June 21/62. McCabe, John, e. Jan. 10/62. died Apl. 12/62. Shields, J. B., e. Jan. 9/62. m. o. Feb. 16/65. Warner, S. D., e. Jan. 10/64. m. o. July 22/65. Carr, William, e. Mar. 11/62. died July 8/62. Kirk, Wm., e. Mar. 10/62. d. Oct. 16/62. dis. Keys, T.J.; e. Mar. 8/62. Kirk, George, e. Mar, 9/65. m. o. July 22/65. Lovell, George, e. Mar. 8/62. m. o. Mar. 26/65. Lovell, Sam'l., e. Mar. 8/62. m. o. July 15/65. pris. Marble, H. A., e. Mar. 8/62. Richardson, Otis, e. Mar. 1/62. d. June 18/62. dis. Ellison, Silas, e. Dec. 7/64. m. o. July 22/65. McCune, H. S., e. Mar. 1/62. Sandetson, J. C, e. Mar. 11/62. d. Dec. 24/62. dis. Niblack, J. M., e. Apl. 15/65. m. o. May 8/65. Tunderberk, D. H., e. Apl. 15/65. m. o. May 8, '65. Saffer, John F., e. Nov. 14/64, Co. F., 3d Inf. m.o. July 22,, 65. 55th INFANTRY Was organized at Camp Douglas, and mustered into service Oct. 31, 1861. Nov. 9, left Camp Douglas. Remained at Camp Benton until Jan. 12, 1862, when it was ordered to Paducah, Ky. On the morning of March 15 marched out with expedition from a point some 14 miles -above Pittsburg Landing, for the sur prise and overthrow of Corinth. The opening of the battle, Sunday morning, found the regiment in position with an effec tive force of 873 men. Col. Stewart was wounded and 9 of the line officers, 3 of whom died of wounds; 102 enlisted men were killed arid mortally wounded, and 161 wounded and taken prisoners. The regiment was with the army in advance on Corinth, and at Russell's house, May 17, lost, in skirmish, 8 men,- 2 killed and 6 wounded. Entered Corinth May 30; thence, with Gen. Sherman, westward along Memphis and Charleston R. R. The regiment re-embarked with army, and was present and under fire at battle of Arkansas Post, Jan. 10 and 11, 1863, losing three men wounded. Was at Vicksburg in 1863, partici pating in the fight. Participated in the siege of Jackson, Mias. On 30th Oct., 1863, marched from East Point, on Tennessee river, for Chat tanooga. During night of 23rd, with rest of brigade, manned a fleet of pontoon boats in North Chickamauga creek, and in the midst of rain and intense darkness, with muffled oars, descended and crossed the Tennessee river and captured the enemy's picket line. Nov. 25, marched with Sherman to the relief of Knox ville, E. Tenn. June 27, 1864, participated in assault upon Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. July 22 the regiment was again engaged, with an effec tive force of 239 men, and came out of the en gagement with 180 men. Was in the siege of Atlanta; in battle of Jonesboro. In a short campaign of a little over two months the regi ment lost half its number. Marched with army, via Ricnmond, to Washington; partici pated in the grand review at Washington. During its term of service the regiment marched 3,374 miles. Lieutenant- Colonel. Theodore C. Chandler, e. Dec. 19/62. res. Julv 3/64. Surgeon. Charles B. Tompkins, e. Nov. 25/64. m. u. Aug. 14/65. First Assistant Surgeon. John B. Tompkins, e. May 5/65. m. o. Aug. 14, '65. COMPANY A. Captains. Wm. N. Presson, e. Oct. 31/61. res. Mar. 13/62. Jacob M. Augustine, e. Oct. 31/61. kid. June 27/64. Henry Augustine, e. Aug. 23/61. m. o. Nov. 6, '64. Harrison H. Prickett, e. Aug. 31/61. m. u. Aug. 14/65. First Lieutenants. Casper Shleich, e. Oct. 31/61. kid. Dec. 29/62. Capt. Wm. F. Cootes, b. Sep. 1/61. res. Mar. 30/63. Capt. Wm. McCumber, e. Sep. 2/61. m. o. Aug. 14/65. Sergt. Second Lieutenants. Levi Hill, e. Sep. 30/61. kid. Mav 19/63. John P. Phillips, Sergt. e. Aug. 23/61. Corporals. Geo. Luckev, e. Aug. 12/61. d. July 24/62. dis. John G Glass, e. Aug. 30/61. kid. May 19/63. 1st Sergt. Peter Shleich, e. Aug, 31/61. Trans, to I. G S. J. Simpson, e. Aug. 9/61. G. A. Buffum, e. Oct. 7/61. d. Jan.'63. dis. Privates. Apple, N., e. Sep. 10/61. Banks, J. M., e. July 31/61. Babbitt, G. e. Aug. 9/61. Bolander, Harvey, e. Sep. 2/61. kid. July 22, '64. Bull, Wm., e. Aug. 9/61. Bovle, Jason, e. Sep. 12/61. Buinside, G. M., e. Sep. 14/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Barclay, J. M„ e. Oct. 9/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Brown', E. G, e. Sep. 2/61. d. Jan. 28/63. dis. Burns, John, e. Sep. 20/61. kid. May 22/63. Sergt. Brader, Sam'l., e. Oct. 10/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Barclay. J. G, e. Sep. 11/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. 364 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Coykendall, M., 'e. Oct. 16/61. d. Jan. 28/63. dis. Cox, M.T., e. Sep. 1/61. m. o.'Aug. 14/65. Coleman.iW. H., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Aug. 14, , '65. Chambers/ Chas., e. Sep. 2/61. Cadwallader, John, e. Sep. 2/61, pro. Lieut. 2d Mississippi Col'd Regt. Clark, James, e. Sep. 14/61. died July 9/64. wds. Deford, Milton, e. Aug. 31/61. Deems, Joseph, e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Sergt. Duryea, B. F., e. Sep. 2/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Deford, Thomas, e. Sep. 1/61. Eveland, Lorenzo, e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31, '64. Elrodd, T. J., e. Aug. 31/61. died Aug. 21/63. Frye, David J., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Aug. 14, '65. sergt. Filer, Lorenzo, e. Sep. 3/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Garritt, S. S., e. Sep. 24/61. trans, to Art. Glass, W. M., e. Oct. 12/61. m. 0. Aug. -14/65. corpl. Gay, J. H„ e. Sep. 14/61. d. Sep. 4/62. dis. Huffard, F. M., e. Sep. 10/61. died Nov. 19/63. Hart, H. L., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. corpl. Hamilton, G F., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31, '64. Holden, Bartley, e. Aug. 31/61.. Missing in ac tion June 27/64. Hebb, Joseph, e. July 30/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Hastey, Willis, e. Oct. 5/61. kid. July 28/64. Jones, Abner, e. Sep. 2/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Lowe, W. H., e. Aug. 5/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Lowden, James, e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31, '64. Lowder, A. J., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Aug. 14, '65. Sergt. Lenhart, Henry, c. Aug. 31/61. died Aug. 21, '63. Lingenfelter, Aaron, e. Aug, 9/61. m. o. July 22/65. v. Lenhart, Isaiah, e. Aug. 31/61. Miran, Chas., e. Aug. 13/61. died Oct. 17/63. Mitchell, Mathews, e. Aug. 13/61. m. o. Aug. 14/65. Corpl. v. Maxwell, A. B., e. Aug, 8/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Maxwell, D. R, e. Aug. 5/61. d, Mar. 10/65. dis. v. MoCumber, Orvill, e. Sep. 2/61. d. Jan. 28/63 , dis. Mills, J. H., e. Sept. 13/61. m. u. Aug, 14/65. Sergt. v. Morgan, Newton, e. Sept. 13/61'. m. o. Oct. 31, •64. McCullough, J. R., e. Aug. 25/61. m. o. Aug. 14/65. corpl. v. Negley, Daniel, e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Nov. 1/64. sergt. Norman, James, e. Sep. 12/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Prickett, J. P., e. Sep. 3/61. Porter, Edgar, e. Oct. 17/61. m. o. Nov. 1/64. Pritchard, Benj., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Mar. 27, '65. Pollock, Harrison, e. Oct. 7/61. Porter, F. J., e. Aug. 31/61. d. Sep. 14/62. dis. Peters, W. T., e. Aug. 13/61. Robbins, J. F., e. Aug. 26/61. Redfarm, Mark, e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Rockhold, Chas., e. Aug. 5/61. died Sep. 11/63. Reeves, D. M., e. Sep. 6/61. Ross, S. M., e. Aug. 31/61. Roseboom, A., e. Oct. 9/61. Scanlan, Tbo's., e. Aug. 8/61. m. u. Aug. 14, '65. corpl. v. Shaw, Harvey, e. Oct. 5/61. m. o. May 10/65, v. Sebree, James, e. Aug. 10/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. corpl. Tobin, Patrick, e. Sep. 2/61. kid. May 19/63. Vaughn, J. A., e. Aug. 15/61. m. o. Aug. 14, '65. v, White, J. M.,e. Aug. 8/61. d. June 6/65. wds r Wheeler, J. P., e. Sep. 24/61. m. o. Aug. 14/65. Sergt. v. Williamson, N.. e. Aug. 22/61.. Wilson, Benj., e. Aug. 31/61. d, Sep. 4/62. dis White, J. H., e. Aug. 31/61. m. o. Oct. 81/64. Wellington, H., e. July 31/61. in. o. Oct. '31/64 Cox, A. J., e. Mar. 7/65. m. o. June 8/65. Fingle, G P., e. Mar. 7/65. m. o. Aug. 14, '65. COMPANY D. First Lieutenants. J. R. Roberts, e. Sep. 12/61. m. o. Nov. 26/62., Jacob Frink, e. Sep. 12/61. m. o. Oct. 30/64. ' Wm. S. Johnson, 2nd Lieut, e. Oct. 31/61. Res/ Mar. 5/62. Chas. G. Burnap, 1st Sergt. e. Sep. 12/61. J. K. Niles, 1st Sergt. e. Sep. 12/61. m. o. Nov.' 4/64. Job Vaughn, e. Sep. 22/61. m. o. Nov! 1/64. James M. Green, e. Oct. 11/61. m. o. July 12,65. Corporals. M. C. Athearn, e. Oct. 8/61. kid. Aug. 31/64. sergt. James Havell, e. Sep. 12/61. v. ' T. Wilhelm, e. Sep, 12/61. m. o. Nov. 1/64. sergt. James Knapp, e. Sep. 22/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. J. A. Knott, e. Oct. 8/61. d. Jan. 28/63. dis. Asa Morris, e. Sep. 22/61. m. o. Aug. 14/65. VK sergt. v. Privates. Abbott, Joseph, e. Oct. 8/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64- Athearn, J. F„ e. Oct. 8/61. m. o. Oct. 31„64. Bayless, Wm., e. Oct. 19/61. Bonney, W. W., e. Oct. 8/61. m. u. Oct. 14/65. Sergt. v. Bonney, S. P., e. Oct. 18/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Burlingame, Sam'l., e. Sep. 22/61. d. Jan. 28, '63. dis. Bulger, John, e.Sep. 22/61. m. o. Oct. 31/64. Burk, D. S„ e. Sep. 12/61. kid. Aug. 12/64. Bragg, J. F., e. Sep. 22/61. died Jan. 1/64. Carder, Benj., e. Oct. 5/61, died Jan. 15/64. Curry, J. W., e. Sept. 16/61. kid. May 19/63. Conger, John, e. Sept. 12/61. Cameron, J. H., e. Oct. 8/61, m. o. Julyl5/65,v. Curfman, G. W., e. Oct. 19/61, m. o. Aug. 14, 65, sergt. v. Campbell, W. H., e. Oct. 29/61, m. o. Oct.31/64. Chenhall, Philip, e. Occ. 1/61, died Jan. 10/62. Criss, W. H., e. Sep. 27/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Dewey, A. S„ e. Oct. 18/61, missing at Shiloh. Davis, Benj., e. Oct. 20/61, d. Feb. 11/62. Erwin, Jesse, e. Sept. 8/61. Fields, G. H., e. Aug. 26/61. Fisher, Jacob, e. Oct. 15/61. Greathouse, Daniel, e. Sept. 11/61. Hughes, T. H„ e. Sept. 12/61. Hufford, James, e. Sept. 12/61, m. o. Aug. 14, '65, v. Hill, Solomon, e. Oct. 8/61, d. Jan. 28/63, dis. Hartson, James, e. Oct. 18/61. Hallibaugh, Wm., e. Oct. 19/61, d. Jan. 28/63, dis. Johnson, Thos., e. Oct. 22/61. Jordan, Chas., e. Sept. 14/61. Knight, Sa,ml„ e. Oct. 11/61, m. u. Aug. 14, 65, Corpl. v. Laswell, James, e. Oct. 8/61. Michaels, F. A., e. Oct. 24/61. Padeu, E. F., e. Sept. 27/61, m. o. June 17. 65. Pallett, Geo., e. Sept. 12/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Parker, G. T., e.Sept. 11/61. Ross, W. A., e. Oct. 22/61. ,. „ „ Rodenbaugh, L. N., e. Sept. 22/61, died Nov. 16/62, wnds. ,. Sheaneman, John, e. Oct. 17/61, m. u. Aug. 14, '65, Corpl. pris. Saville, Edward, e. Sept. 29. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 365 Shaw, Hiram, e. Oot. 19/61, m. o. Aug. 14/65. Shaw, James, e. Oct. 25/61. Sebree, Preston, e. Sept. 22/61. Shoup, A. D., e. Sept. 22/61, m. o. Aug. 14/64. Smith, Hirrison, e. Sapt. 22/61, d. Jan. 28, dis. Shellenberger. Wm., e. Aug. 19/61. Twitchell, S. B., e. Aug. 26/61. Thompson, S. L., e. Sept. 22/61. Vice, G. B., e. Sept. 22/61, trans. V. R. C. White, T. J., e. Ojt. 8/61, died Dec. 26/61. Wilkie, J. W„ e. Oct. 9/61. Young, James, e. Oct. 1/61. Yates, T. J., Oct. 18/61. COMPANY F. Captain. Vincent Brink, e. Oct 3/61, died Oct. 31/63. Sergeant. H. M. Hiney, e. Oat. 4/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Corporals. Mason McCane, e. Oct. 4/61. P. B. Ferguson, e. Oat. 4/61, d. Jan. 28/63, dis. sergt. Richard Hiney, e. Oct. 4/61, kid. May 22/63. J. H. Beadles, e. Oct. 4/61, d. Dec. 6/62, dis. Privates. Bond, B.F.,e. Oct. 12/61. Collier, Wm., e. Oct. 5/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Fugate, J. N, e. Oct. 8/61, ra. o. Aug. 14/65, v. Lyoarger, L., e. Ojt. 3/61. Lutz, A. B., e. 03t. 5/61, died Dec/62. McOaugheV, J. W„ e. Oct. 3/61, m. o. Oct.31/64. MjElroy, W., e. OX 31/61, d. Feb. 18/63, dis. Senders, F. S., e. Oct. 3/61. Faass, Saml., e. Oct. 12/61, d. July 25/65, dis. v. Bjvens, Corydon, e. Njv. 26/61. B. C. Swans, IstLieut. Co. K, e. Oct. 31/61, res. Mar. 13/62. COMPANY G. Captain. Peter Roberts, e. Aug. 20/61, m. o. Aug. 14/65. Privates. Loucks, Delos, e. Oct. 4/61. Gay, J. W., e. Jan. 2/61, m. o. Aug. 14/65, sergt. wnds. 57th INFANTRY. Prior, M. F., e. Dec. 16/61, Co. I, 57th Inf. m. o. Dec. 24/64. Wages, C. H., e. Dec. 16/61, Co. I, 57th Inf, m. o. July 7/65, corpl. Wages, Alfred, e. Dec 16/61, Co. I, 57th Inf. m. o. July 7/65, corpl. Bowley, David, e. Jan. 4/62, Co. I, 57th Inf. Thomas, J. N, Sept. 17/61, Co. K, 57th Inf. d. Sept 14/62, dis. Thorn, Michael, e. Sept. 28/61, Co. K, 57th Inf. d. Sept. 14/62, dis. 58th INFANTRY. Shreye, J. A., sergt, Co. B, b. Feb. 24/64, m. u. June 24/66. Skinner. J. L., Co. C, e. Aug. 2/64, m. o. April 1/66. \ Castle, Dxniel, Co. F, e. May 17/65, m. o. Nov. 17/66. Farris, Wm., Co. I, e. May 14/65, m. u. Nov. 24/66. Girdner, John, Co. I, e. May 25/65. Morris, Wm., Co. I, e. May 27/65. 59th INFANTRY. Nichols, W. C, Co. A, e. July 17/61, d. Dec. 4, 62, dis. Flel27°64.E" °°' °' e' 1>e0- 5''63, ¦kld- June Herr, G. W., Co. C, e. Jan. 5/64, m. o. Dec.8/65. Melvin, T. J., Co. C, e. Dec. 5/63, pro. com. sergt. Nelson, B. F., Co. C, b. Dec. 5/63, m. o. Dec. 8, '65, sergt. Stier, G. R., Co. C, e. Dec. 5/63, pro. 2nd lieut. 60th INFANTRY. , Harrington, musician Co. E. e. Dec. 25/61. Pierce, Jackson, Co. C, e. Dec. 25/61, m. o. July 31/65, v. Hess, W. R, Co. G, e. Mar. 24/64, m. u. June 29/05. Maxwell, J. M., Co. G, b. Mar. 20/64, m. o. June 29/65. McConnaday, I., Co. G, e. Mar. 30/64, m.o. June 3/65. 61st INFANTRY. Ball, Joseph J., prin. musician, e. Mar. 11/62, m. o. Sept. 8/65, v. Jaggers, Nathan, Co. B, e. Feb. 16/62, m. v. Sep. 8/65. Hibbard, G M. Co. F, e. Mar. 24/62, d. July 19, '62, wnds. Miller, Lacy, Co. F, e. Mar. 24/62, died April 23/62. Walters, J., Co. F, e. Mar. 24/62, m. o. Sept. 8, '65, corpl. Whealdon, N., Co. F, e. Mar. 24/62, d. Oct. 2, '62, dis. Walters, James, Co, F, e. Mar. 24/62. Winner, W. J., Co. F, e. Mar. 24/62. COMPANY I. Captain. Henry S. Goodspeed, e. Feb. 1/62, m. u. Mar. 24/65. Privates. Kimball, Henry, e. Mar. 11/62, m. o. Sept. 8, '65, v. Cunningham, A., b. Mar. 11/62, m. o. Sept. 8, 65, v. Easley, Reese, e. Mar. 11/62, m. o. Mar. 24/65, wnds. France, John, e. Mar. 11/62, m. o. Sept. 8/65. Harris, Isaac, e. Feb, 15/62, died Oct. 19/64. Steeber, V., Co. A. 63d Inf. e. May 14/64, m. o. July 13/65. Childers, G W., musician Co. K, 63d Inf. e. Dec. 1/61, m. o. July 13/65. Hendricks, J. M., prin. musician 64th Inf. e. Dec. 31/63, m. o. July, 11/65. Minge, Wesley, Co. D, 64th Inf. e. Nov, 1/61, m. o. Dec. 24/64, corpl. Hendricks, John, Co. D, 64th Inf. e. Feb. 21, '64, m. o. July 11/65. Wheeles, T. F., Co. I, 64th Inf. e. Jan. 4/64, m. 0. June 10/65. Mills, S. W., Co. F, 66th Inf. e Mar. 18/64, m. o. July 7/65. 67th (Three Months) Infantry. H. G. Coykendall, Sergeant-Maj or, b. May 31, '62, pro. Capt. Co. D. 72d Inf. CO UPANY F. Sergeant. Wm. H. Black, e. May 31/62. m. o. Oct. 6/62. L. E. Trites, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. H. H. Downing, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. A. E. Plattenburg, e. May 31/62, m.o. Oct. 6/62. A. J. Rounk, e. June 12/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Corporals. J. H. Rodenbaugh, e.May 31/62, .n.o. Oct. 6/62. L. F. Randolph, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. G. B. Vittum, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oot. 6/62. Amos Naylor, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Geo. Turner, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Wm. Maxwell, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. 366 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Musician. A. F. Small, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Privates. Andrews, Harvey, c. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. corpl. Arnold, J. A., e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. ffilack, George, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Berry, John, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Barnes, Thos., e June 3/62, m. o Oct. 6/62. Barker, Deriorn, e. June 8/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Brister, W. H., e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Birch, Chas., e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Bryant, Wm., e. June 1/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Boman, J. H., June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Bell. J. M., e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Bates, Edgar, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Cather, Harvey, e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Caplinger, Chauncy, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Carr, Joseph, e. June 1/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Coles, H. G, e. May 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Devaughn, Emanuel, e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Donly, Franklin, b. May 31/62, d. June 24/62, dis. Dennison, Isaac, e June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Eby, J. M., e. June 2/62. m. o. Oct. 6/62. Eads, Joseph, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Eskridge, J. T., e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Emrv, J. H., e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Ellis, Newton, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Filch, Asa, e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Fox, James, e. June 2/62, m. o, Oct. 6/62. Gibbons, Patrick, e. May 31, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Grim, William, June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Huff, Burton, e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62 Hughes, W. T., e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Heckard, Martin, e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Harwick, James, e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Jarnagan, John, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62, Knapp, J. D., e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Lockwood, John,. Jane 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Martin, James; e. May 31/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Mills, Jqsefjh, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. MeAdains, S. D., e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Newhall, Samuel, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Oatman, Jacob, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Phelps, S. S., e. June 1/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Proctor, Joseph, e. June 1/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Painter, J, G. e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Penny, John, e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Reeves, J. W., e. June 1/62, in. o. Oct. 6/62. Roberts, Stephen, e. June 3/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Shraden, G. W., e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Saville, Daniel, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Swectser, Luke, e. May 30/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Tanquery, W. P., e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Turner, Albert, e. June 5/62, m.'O. Oct. 6/62. Thomas, A. 0., e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Varner, S. G, e. June 5/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Vulgamove, Wm., e. June 5/62, m.o. Oct. 6/62. Wansel, Wm., e. June 1/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Whitmore, Jacob, e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62 Wilcoxen, Wm., e. June 2/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Williams, William. - Weaver, William, e. June 2/62, d. June 24/62, dis. Warden, G. W., e. June 6/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. Youngman, James, e.June 1/62, m.o. Oct. 6/62. Smith, J. A., Co. G, e. June 4/62, m. o. Oct. 6/62. 71st (Three Months) /Infantry. COMPANY D. Sergeant. Geo. Mahaffey, e. July 6/62. Corporal. William Hunter, e. July 16/62. Privates: Brunt, James, e. July 4/62. Bush, Sampson, e. July 6/62. Doran, John, e. July 5/62. Davis, John, e. July 4/62. Hempill, James, e. July 7/62. Wilson, G. B., e. July 4/62. 72d INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Chicago, as tho First Regiment of the Chicago Board of Trade. Its first bills were put out for one company, callingitself the "Hancock Guards," on July 23/62, and exactly one month after wards the entire regiment was complete and mustered into service for three years. The very day of their muster they started for Cairo, arriving on the 24th. Their strength at that time was 37 officers and 930 men. The 72d participated in many engagements during their three years' service in the field. At the battle of Franklin, Tenn., they fought with commendable bravery, being in the hotr test of the fight from four in the afternoon till midnight, during all which time the battle raged with terrific fury. In this fight the 72d lost nine officers and 152 men, who were either killed or severely wounded. COMPANY I. Abner E. Barnes, e. Aug. 21/62, pro. by presi dent. First Lieutenant. Jacob Schank, e. Aug. 14/62, res. Oct. 29/64. Second Lieutenant. ' E. S. Gorham, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65. Sergeants. J. D. Mantania, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. May 31/65, corpl. S. S. Hawken, e. Aug. 14/62. Corporals. Asa Eagle, e. Aug. 14/62, d. Nov. 5/62. wnds. W. W. Thompsou, e. Aug. 14/62, died Mar.- 17/63. John Freeborn, e. Aug. 14/62, d. for pro. Wm. Sparks, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65, sergt. Privates. Barber, J. S., e. Aug. 14/62, trans. Barnes, H. G, e. Aug. 14/62, d. for pro. Bags, L. B., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65. corpl. Brimstall, D., e. Aug. 14/62, died April 22/63. Chew, Edward, e. Aug. 14/62. Craimblett, J., e. Aug. 14/62. Flake, H. B., e. Aug. 14/62. pro. corpl. Fuller, I. 0., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65, sergt. Gorham, E. S., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65, sergt. Herr, J. D., e. Aug. 14/62, d. Sept. 7/64. Hoyt, Abraham, e. Aug. 14/62, kid, May 22/63. Harland, J. M., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65, Knott, J. M., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65. Lucah, W. H., e. Aug. 14/62, died Dec. 6/64, wnds, corpl. , Leeper, G, W., e. Aug. 14/62, diedMay27/63nf wnds. McBride, A, J., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. /, 65. corpl. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 367 McKeever, J. D., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. May 31, '65, corpl. Morris, W. H„ e. Aug. 14/62. m. o. Aug. 7/65. Melvin, Eli, e. Aug. 14/62, m. 0. Aug. 7/65, corpl. Painter, H. H., e, Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65. Peterson, Robert, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65. Pool, Thomas, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. Aug. 7/65, corpl. Sullivan, J. II., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7,'6o. Throckmorton, Wm., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. May 24/65. Thorp, L. R., e. Aug. 14/62, d. April 30/65, wnds. corpl. Trulock, S. M, e. Aug. 14/62, kid. Nov. 30/64. Thomas, L. F., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. Aug. 7/65, White, James, e. Aug. 14/62, d. Feb. 7/63, tlis. Vertrice, N.J., e. Jan. 5/64, trans. 83rd INFANTRY. Keller, J. H., Co. C, e. Mar. 12/64, m. o. Sept. 8/65. Cook, John, Co. G, e. Aug. 11/62, d. for pro. Harshberger, W. H., Co. G. e. Aug. 9/62, m. u. June 26/65. Jones, E. R., Co. G, b. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 26/65, corpl. Phillips F., Co. G, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. April 29/65. Rice, Jesse, Co. G, b. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 26/65. Schockley, John, Co. G, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 26, '65. Thurman, J. M., Co. G, e. Aug. 10/62, m. o. Jun 26/65. Moore, Wm., Co. G, e. Mar. 15/64. Hendricks, J. J., Co. H, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 26/65. Palmer, F. R., Co. H, e. Aug. 12/62, died Nov. 25/62. Shaffer, R., Co. H, e. Mar. 8/65. Singleton, A. P., Co. H, e. Mar. 4/65. Singleton, J. R., Co. H, e. Mar. 4/65. Sturgeon, John, Co. H, e. Mar. 8/65. THE 84th INANTRY was organized at Quincy in August, 1862, and left for Louisville, Ky., Sept. 23rd, 951 strong. The 84th was a fighting regiment from the first, and was engaged in the following battles : Stone River, Dec. 13/62, Jan. 12 and 13/63, loss 228 men; Woodbury, Jan. 17/63; Chicamau- ga, Sept. 19 and 20/63, loss 172 men; Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and Ringold, Nov. 24, 25 and 26/63, loss 9 men ; Dalton, Feb. 22/64, loss 4 men. In the Atlanta campaign at Buzzard's Roost, May 10/64; Dalton, May 13/64; Resaca, May 14, '64; Burnt Hickory, May 26 to 31, and June 1, 2 and 3; Kenesaw Mountain, Smyrna, Atlan ta, Jonesboro and Lovejoy Station, loss in the campaign, 125 men; Franklin and Nashville, loss 20 men. Total casualties in battle, 558 men. From the 84th but one man was taken pris oner; but 10 men deserted; only 1 man ever sent to military prison ; and but 4 tried by court martial. Lieutenant Colonel. Thomas Harner, e. Sept. 1/62, res. July 24/63. Major. Caleb B. Cox, e. Sept. 1/62, m. o. June 8/65. Quartermaster. James A. Russell, e. Sept. 1/62, res. July 25/63. First Assistant Surgeon. Frank W. Hunter, b. July 24/62, res. Sept. 27/64. Sergeant Major. J. B. Green, e. Aug. 5/62, m. o. June 8/65. COMPANY A. First Lieutenant. Thos. G. Wisdom, e. Sept. 1/62, d. Aug. 25/68. Privates. Carnahan, Fielder, e. Aug. 2/62, m. o. June 8/65. COMPANY «. Captain. L. M. Scott, e. Sept. 1/62, m. u. June 8/65. First Lieutenant. Wm. M. Provine, e. July 30/62, hon. d. Mav 15/65. Second Lieutenants. Emmor Dilworth, e. Aug. 7/62, res. Oct. 31/63. W. A. Highland, e. July 28/62, m. o. June 8/65. Corporals. Edwin Knock, e. July 28/62, missing at Chick amauga. Robert A. Burns, e. Aug. 6/62, died June 7/63. A. S. Stanton, e. July 2S/62, m. o. June 8/65, sergt. W. J. Moore, e. Aug. 4/62, d. Mar. 27/63, dis. Amos Knock, e. Aug, 6/62, died Oct. 11/64, wnds. sergt. Privates. Atherton, David, e. July 28/62, m.o. June8/65. Bartholomew, L., e. July 20/62, trans. V. R. G wnd. Boyd, J. E., e. July 31/62, died Andersonville pris. June 15/64, No. of grave 1,471. Beans, Amos, e. Aug. 2/62, m. o. June 8/65. Bishop, Daniel, e. Aug. 2/62, d. Mar. ll/63,dis. Bartholomew, A., e. Aug. 4/62, kid. at Chicka mauga. Battin, G. W., u. Aug. 7/62, trans. V. R. C. Cramlet, Jesse, e. July 28/62, in. o. June 8/65. Cad walder, Jesse, e. July 28/62, died Dec. 7/62. Cope, W. V., e. July 28/62, m. o. June 8/65. Dilwonhy, H. W., e. Aug. 7/62. d. Dec. 5/62. dis. Dobbins, W. A., e. July 29/62. died May 28/64. wds. Easley, Mark, e. July 28/62. m. o. June 8/65. Corpl. Easley, D. L., e. July 28/62. m. o. June 8/66. Faucher, L., e. July 28/62. wnd. 4 times. Franklin, Benj., e. July 28/62. trans. V. R. C, wnd. Farquhar, I. W., b. July 28/02. m. u. June 8, '65. Sergt. Greenell, I. W., e. July 28/62. d. Mar. 24/63. wnds. Hughes, David, e. July 28/62. trans, to V. R. C. Hughes, I, M., e. July 28/62. d. Jan, 22/63. dis. Hasty, William, e. July 28/62. e. Jan. 24/63. wnds. Hall, Francis, e. July 31/62. m. o. June 8/65. wnds. Harland, W. V., e. July 30/62. trans, to P. C. Hickle, G. W., e. Aug. 4/62. trans, to V. R. C. Hoops, Wm., e. Aug. 7, '62. m. o. June 8/65. Harland, Monroe, e. Aug. 7/62. kid. Oct. 11/68. Hillger, Thos., e. July 28/62. trans. V. R. C. Johnson, H. A., e. July 28/62. captured Dec. 31/62. Knock, Daniel, e. July 25/62. died Oct. 1/62. Kinsey, W. A., e. July 24/62. d. Apl. 27/63. dis. Koons, A. J., e. July 7/62. d. Dec. 20/63. dis. Miner, J. W. e. July 29/62. kid. Dec. 31/62. 368 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Miller, J. H., e. Aug. 5/62. m. o. July 9/65. Miller, G., e. Aug. s/62. died Dec. 7/64. Pratt. H. G, e. July 28/62. m. o. June 8/65. Parks, Joseph, e. July 28/62. Russell, Dilworth, e. Aug. 7/62. m. o. June 8, '65. Corpl. Swinkins, Francis, e. July 28/62. d. Dec. 13/64, wnds.' Shaddock, Robert, e. Aug. 1/62. died Jan. 10, '63. wnds. Walters, W. A., e. July 29/62. d. Aug. 10/63. dis. Wildman, A. G., e. Aug. 4/62. kid. at Stone River. . Webster, Monroe, e. Aug. 7/62. died Feb. 5/63. Yost, Samuel, e, Aug. 7/62. died Nov. 3/62. Zoll, Carothers, e. July 23/62. d. Oct. 20/64. wuds. Sergt. Zinc, J. F., e. July 28/62. d. Apl. 11/63. dis. Nance, H. H., m. o. May 26/65. COMPANY F. Captains. Joseph Nelson, e. Sep. 1/62. res. Dec. 15/63. R. D. Dilwortb, e. Aug. 7/62. m. o. June 8/65. First Lieutenant. F. W. Ross, e. Aug. 7/62. m. o. June 8/65. Sergeants. J. M. Moore, e. Aug. 7/62. trans, to V. R. G Stephen Bogue, e. Aug. 7/62. d. Jan. 8/62. dis. Corporals. D. W. Litchfield, e. Aug. 7/62. died Jan. 11/63. wnds. R. M. Miller, e. Aug. 7/62. d. Dec. 10/63. wnds. Wm. Nelson, e. Aug. 8/62; d, Feb. 14/63. wnds. Wm. Walker, e. Aug. 8/62. kid. at Stone River. Privates. Adams, J. F., b. Aug. 7/62. kid. at Chicka mauga. Beers, Jabez, e. Aug. 7/62. d. Mar. 4/63. dis. Brown, Wm, e. Aug. 11/62. died Jan. 5/63. Boyer, J. B., e. Aug. -7/62. trans. Brigade band. Brown, Thos., e. Aug. 9/62. d. June 7/63. dis. Crater, F. M., e. Aug. 9/62. Clark, John, e. Aug. 9/62. m. o. June 8/65. wnds. Deobler, T. H., e. July 28/62. Durell, F. W., e. Aug. 22/62. d. Apl. 14/63. dis. Dewitt, Solomon, e. Aug. 7/62. m. o. June 8, '65. France, B. H., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65, wnds. Foster, N. T., e. Aug. 8/62, m. o. June 8/65. Corpl. Forquer, Wm., e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 8/65. Glyinpse, Eli, e. Aug. 8/62, kid. at Chicka mauga. Griffin, Lewis, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Mar. 17/63, dis. Kirkbride, John, B. Aug. 7/62, m.o. June 8, '65. Kinnie, E. E., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65. Kinsey, J. R., e. Aug. 7/62, d. Feb. 9/63, dis. Koonts, Jas., e. Aug. 7/62. Knock, W. A., e. Aug, 9/62, m. o. June 8/65. Kirkbride, Wesley, e. Aug. 22/62, trans. Brig. band. Lowe, B. F., e. Aug. 7/62. Litchfield, Durant, e. Aug.'7„62, m. o. June 8, '65. Morgan, J. H., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65. Moore; John, e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65 wnd. , Menteer, J. V., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65, sergt. McHeury, John, e. Aug. 7/62, died Dec. 2/62. Morrison J. A., e. Aug. 8/62, trans. V. R. G Moore; Edward, e. Aug. 2/62, d. Oct. 15/62. Martin, A. G. e. Aug. 9/62. Nunatnaker, J. W., e. Aug. 7/62, died Sept. Nebergali, B. P., e. Aug. 10/62, m. o. June 8 '65 Porter, A. K., e. Aug. 7/62, trans, to marine service. Porter, E, F., e. Aug. 7/62. Purnell, Joseph, e. Aug. 7,62, d. Ap. 16/63 dis Pollock, H. G. e. July 20/62, died Feb. 27 '64' Parish, Asbury, e. Aug. 9/62. Reese, Jacob, e. Aug. 4/62, diad Feb. 6/63 Benner, Ephraim, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 8 '65, serg. ' Bowlaud, T. R., e. Aug. 9/62, died Aug. 17 '63 Sexton, James, e. Aug. 7/62, d. Mar. 4/63 dis Shaffer, L. J., e. Aug. 7/62, died Dec. 10/62. ' Sh.iw, Wm., e. Aug. 7/62, missing at Stone River. Thomas, W. A., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65. Walker, Amos, e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 8/65. Hoopis, Ellis, unassigned recruit. 85th INFANTRY. The 85th was organized at Peoria in August, '62, by Col. Roberts. Moore, and mustered in to service Aug. 27/62. Ordered to Louisville, Ky., Sept. 6/62, assigned to Thirty-Sixth Brigade, Eleventh Division, Third Army Corps, Col. D. McCook commanding Brigade, Gen. Sheridan commanding Division, and Gen. Gilbert commanding Corps. The 85th marched in pursuit of the enemy under Gen. Bragg, Oct. 1/62, was engaged jn the battle of Champion Hill, at Perryville, Kentucky, Oct. 8, and moved with the army to Nashville, Tenn., arriving Nov. 7/62. Regiment mustered out June 5/65, at Wash ington, D. G, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., June 11/65, where they received their finaldis- charge. Major. S. P. Cummings, e. Aug. 27/62, res. April 6/63. Quartermaster. W. H. Evans, com. Jan. 14/64, m. o. June 5/65. COMPANY G. Captain. Wm. McClelland, e. Aug. 27/62, res. Dec. 21/62. First Lieutenants. LaFayette Curless, e. Aug. 27/62, res. Nov, 12/62. J. M. Robertson, e. Aug. 27/62, m. o. June 5/65. Sergeants. Lewis Post, e. Aug. 11/62, trans. V. R. C. Irving Shannon, e. Aug. 11, kid. June 27/64- McDonald Cox, e. Aug. 11/62. L. D. Gould, e. Aug. 11/62, died Nov. I'M. Corporals. , Wm. Roe, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 5/65,sergt Henry Aten, e. Aug, 11/62, m. o. June 5,'to, 1st sergt. W. F. Bryant, e. Aug. 11/62. J. F. Kennedy, e. Aug. 11/62. trans. V. R. C. Elias Wheeler, e. Aug. 11/62, d. Aug. 31, 63, dis. ... Thos. Harlon, e. Aug. 11/62. m. o. June 5/65, sergt. Perry Adkinson, e. Aug. 11/62. Jackson Smith, e. Aug. 11/62. Musician. . Samuel Simmers, e. Aug. 11/62. • w cf&jza4ce' History of FULTOif county* 371 Wagoner. Geo, Cooper, e. Aug. 11/62. Privates. Atwater, M. L., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Atwater, Wm., e. Aug. 12/62, d. Mar 1/63 dis. Aten, John, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Brown, Perry, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Brown, Thos., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Bushnell, A. P., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Brewer, Aaron, e. Aug. 12/62, died June 22/64. Boyd, Wm., e. Aug. 12/62, died Feb. 12/65. Castor, S. L., e. Aug 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Curless, John, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65, corpl. Curless, L. D., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5/65. Clupper, P. W., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 5, '65, corpl. Dodge, John, e. Aug. 12/65, m. o. June 5/65. Douglass, J. W., e. Aug. 12/62, trans. V. R. C. Edmonds, B.F., e. Aug. 12/62. Fawsett, Michael, e. Aug. 12/62, died Apl.5'63. Fawsett, Levi, e, Aug. 12/62, d; Jan. 1/63, dis. Holt, Solomon, e. Aug. 16/62. m. o. June 5/65. Hays, Daniel, e. Aug. 16/62, died Dec. 1/62. Hagan, J. B„ e; Aug. 16/62, died Jan 28/63. Hensley, J.W., e. Aug. 16/62. JoneB, J. M., e. Aug. 16,62, m. o. June 5/65, Kelly, Wm., e. Aug. 16/62, d July 18/63. Kelly, Josiah, e. Aug. 16,62, d. July 29/63, dis. King, D. M., e. Aug. 16/62, d. Apr. 1/63. dis. Line, D. T.,e. Aug. 16/62. Longfellow, D. G.,e. Aug. 16/62.kld June 27/64. Lamperell, Chas., e. Aug. 16/62,m.o.June 5/65. Lafarie, Henry, e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Latourett, H. A., e. Aug. 16/62. Levingston, Jno, e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Levingston, T, A., e.Aug. 16/62,d.0ct.l/62,dis. McComb, A., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. McCay, John, e. Aug. 16/62. Meek, G. W., e. Aug, 16/62, d. June 15/63, dis. McKee, F. M., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65, Monroe, Biram, e. Aug. 16/62. O'Dannel, Thos., e. Aug. 16/62. Prentice, Wm.; e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Prentice, Berry, e. Aug. 16/62, kid. at Ken. Mt. Parr, J. N., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Plunk, Marion, e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 10/65. Parker, N. B., e Au6. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Powell, Geo., e. Aug. 16/62, trans, to V.R.C. Reeves, Peter, e. Aug. 16/62, missing at Kene saw Mt. Reed, G. W., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. , Smith, L. C, e. Aug. 16/62, d. April 1/63, dis. Snodgrass, J. H., e. Aug, 16/62, kid at Kenesaw. Shargo, G. W., e. Aug. 16/62, d. Oct. 1/62, dis. Stephens6n, J. N.,e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Severns, Marion, e. Aug. 16/62, kid. at Kene saw Mt. Still, Solomon, e. Aug. 16/62, trans. V-R.G Still, Sam'l, e. Au6. 16/62, died Dec. 5/62. Still, Robt, e. Aug. 16/62. d. April 1/63, dis. Shields, James, e. Aug. 16/62, kid. at Kenesaw. Snodgrass, J. W. e. Aug. 16/62, died Oct. 8/63. Seymour, Louis, e. Aug. 16/62, trans, to Eng. C. Shores.John, e. Aug. 16/62, kid. at Kenesaw. Smith, Wm., e. Aug. 16/62, m. o. June 5/65, sergt Thomas, Aaron, e. Aug. 16/62, trans, to V.R.C. Thomas, David, e. Aug. 16/62, m. o. Juno 5/65. Taylor, David, e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Taie, T. J., e. Aug. 16/62. * Thompson, Jno., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 5/65. Workman Geo., e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June5/65. Wheeler, Thomas, e. Aug. 16/62, d. Oct. 30, '62. dis. Wright, L, P., e. Aug. 16/62, m. u. June 5/65., sergt. ' Woodruff, J. H., e. Aug. 16/62. COMPANY H. .... , , Captains. Nathaniel McClelland, e. Aug. 27/62, res. Nov, 12, 62. 23 David Maxwell, e. July 31/62, res. May 14/63. J. T. McNeil, e. July 31/62, res. Aug. 29/64. I. A. Mardis, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. First Lieutenants. Luke Elliott, e. Aug. 27/62, res. Nov. 21/62. A. J. Horton, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Second Lieutenants. Wm. Cohren, e. Aug. 27/62, res. Nov. 12/62. W. M. Shields, e. July 31/62,'res. Feb. 16/63. S. B. Palmer, e. July 3/62, m. o. June 5/66. Eli Shields, e. Aug. 6/62, kid, June 27/64. Amos Kinza, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Corporals. J. T. Zimmerman, e. Aug. 6/62,m.o. June 17/65. G. H. Wetzel, e. July31/62,m.o. June 5/65. Anderson Jennings, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 7/65, serg. H. Shields, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65, sergt. Franklin Shellej, e. July 31/62,d. Mar.9/65, dis. D. S. Shank, e. Aug. 6/62. J. W. Swann, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. E. J. Elliott, e. July 31/62, kid. June 27/64. Musicians. H. H. Willson, e. Aug. 5/62, m. o. June 5/65. M. K. Dobson, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Wagoner. Benj. Bolen, e.. July 31/62, d. Jan. 29/63, dis. Privates. Barnes, G. W., e. Aug. 6/62, d. Jan. 29/63, dis. Branson, C. R., e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Bloomfield, H., e. Aug. 6/62, died Feb. 11/63. Barnes, J. A., e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Cunningham, John, e. July 5/62, died at Bow ling Green, Ky. -- Crable, Joseph, e. July 31/62, d. Feb. 3/63, dis. Cunningham, Wm., e. July 31/62, died at Bow ling Green, Ky. Coope, Abraham, e. Aug. 6/62, m, o. June 5/65, sergt. Collins, Wm., e. Aug. 6/62, d. Dec. 20/64, wds. Duncan, Chas.,e. Aug. 15, '62, m. o. June5/65, corpl. Davis, Joseph, e. July 31/62. Duttou, Daniel, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Dial, Lewis, e. Aug. 6/62, d. Feb. 20/65. Elgin, W. F., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Engle, T.B.,e. /uly31/62, m.o. June 4/65,corp'l. Fenton, J. D., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 5/65, Freitley, W. H., e Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Hudnall, Wm., e. July 31/62 m. o. June 5/65. Henderson, S. D., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65, sergt Horton, J. B., e. July 31/62, d. June 19,'63,dis. Horton, Marion, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Hughes, G A., Aug. 6/62, died June 20/64. Hughey, J T., e. Aug. 6/62, trans, to V.R.G Heaton, Simon, e. Aug. 6/62, kid. Nov. 29/64. Horn, Jacob, e. Aug. 6/62, trans. Xo V.R.C. Hudnall, Wesley, e. Aug. 6/62, m.o. June 5/65. Jameson, James, e. July 31/62, d. Feb. 3/63, dis. Johnson, H. J. e. Aug. 5/62, ra. o. June 17/65. Jellison, Benj., e. July 31/62, in. o. June 5/65. Kingery, J. F., e. July 31/62, sick at m. o. Lane, Richard, e. July 31/62, sick at m. o. Lovell, Henry, e. July 31/62, d. Feb. 3/63, dis. Myers, Solomon, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. McClaren, W. H., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5, '65, sergt. McClaren, J. W.,e. July 31/62, m. u. June5/65. Newberry, Geo., m. o. June 5/65. Osborn, Wm., e. Aug. 5/62, m. o. June 5/65. Palmer, Joel, e. July 31/62, d. Jan. 10/63, dis. Powell, J. R, e. July 31/62, m. o. Aug. 12/65. Parker, M. V., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Plank, M. V., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Rodgers, Michael, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. 3?2 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Sears, L. J., e. July 31/62, June 5/65. Sears, Lemuel, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Swisher, H. G, e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Shields, J. B., e. Aug. 6/62, sickatm. o. Shields, Wm., e. Aug. 6, 62, m. o. June 5/65, corpl. Shrier, F. M., e. July 31/61. Severns, Wm., e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Severns, Eli, e. Aug. 6/63, d. Mar. 20/65, dis. Snodgrass, Robt, e. Aug. 4/62, m.o. June 5/65. Salsbury, James, e. Aug. 4/62, trans. toEng. G Shaw, Geo. W., e. Aug. 6/62, diedat Nashville. Shields, B. F., e. July 31/62, m. o. June 5/65. Shanon, Nathan, e. Aug. 6/62, d. May. 9/63, dis. Thompson, J. A., o. Aug. 6/62, died of wnds. July 7/64. Thompson, Samuel, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. JJune 5/65, corpl. Turner, G G, e. Aug. 6/62. Thosio, John, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. July 22/65, was pris. Toler, J. T., e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Wheeler, Arden, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Worley, Daniel, e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 5/65. Zellers, F., e. Aug. 6/62, m. o. June 17/65, was pris. COMPANY I. Captain. W. H. Marble, e. Aug. 27/62, res. April 9/63. Second Lieutenant. Hugh McHugh, e. Aug. 27/62, res, Feb. 9/63. Sergeants. A. A. Cameron, e. Aug. 27/62, trans. Eng. C. L. V. Tarter, e. Aug. 27/62, d. July 31/64. John Rennan, e. Aug. 27/62, m. o. June 5/65. Robt. Mullican, e. Aug. 27/62, m.o. June 5/65, sergt. Corporals. Jeremiah Cockley, e. Aug. 27/62, d. at^Nash- ville, Tenn. J. W. Belless, e. Aug. 27/62, m. o. une 5/65. William Landon, e. Aug. 27/62, m. o. June 5/65. L. Collins, e. Aug. 27/62, trans. Eng. G sergt. James Moslander, e. Aug. 27/62, m. o. June 5, '65, sergt. Ezarian Thomas. Chas. Mathews, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Milo Butler, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Musician. Wm. McCaustland, e. Aug. 1/63, d. Feb. — ,'ttt. Wagoner. Edmund Curless, u. Aug. 1/62, pro. 1st Lieut. Privates. Amsden, Lincoln, e. Aug. 1/62. Belless, Wm., e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Cakley, John, e. Aug. 1/62, died Jan. 18/63. Frazer, Thomas, e. Aug. 1/62, died Jan. 1/63. Fatchcraft, Henry, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Gilson, Sanford, e. Aug. 1/62, d. Mar. —,'63. Gray, Vison, e. Aug. 1/62, d. at Nashville. Graham, W. A., e. Aug.' 1/62, m. o. June 5/65, corpl, Horton, Isaac, e. Aug! 1/62, d. Oct. — , 62. Hughes, N. P., c. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65, sergt. Hughes, Wm., e. Aug. 1/62, died Nov. —,'62. Hall, Josiah, c. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 19/65, pris. Holmes, J. R., e. Aug. 1/62, trans. V. R. C. Keller, Sylvester, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Lapole, John, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Lovell, Wm., e. Aug. 1/62 Minnes, Wm., e. Aug. 1/62, d. at Louisville, Ky. Markel, Solomon, e. Aug.1/62, m. o. June 5/65, corpl. Moore, J. E., e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5 '65 McCroskey, E., e. Aug. 1/62, died Dee. -''62 Phillips, W. H., e. Aug. 1/62, trans. V. R C ' Richardson, Isaac, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June'5 '65, corpl. ' Royes, T. J., e. Aug. 1/62, d. Oct. —,'62 Statts, T. J., e. Aug. 1/62. Sanders, Geo., e. Aug. 1/62. Smith, w. H., e. Aug. 1/62. Tyra, Geo., e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5/65. Trayes, John, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5 '65 corpl. ' ' Trapp, Oliver, e. Aug. 1/62, d. Feb. 9/63. Walker, Austin, e. Aug. 1/62, kid. at Kenesaw Mountain. Wilkes, Lemuel, e. Aug. 1/62, m. o. June 5 '65, sergt. Winchel, Albert, e. Aug. 1,61, d. Aug. 3/63. Markley, Wm., d. Oct. —,'62. Menner, John, e. Feb. 8/64. Moore, J. H., Jan. 5/64, d. Mar. 13/65. Moore, Ellis, e. Jan. 5/61, ab. at m.o. of regt. Dewey, I. B., Co. D, 86th Inf. e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 6/65. 89th INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Corporal. S. Alden, e. Aug. 5/62. Privates. Buck, Jacob, e. July 31/62. Baughman, David, e. Aug. 1/62, kid. May 27/64. Coleman, A., e. Aug. 5/62, d. May 16/63, dis. Hebb, Saml., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 19/65. corpl. Kunkle, I. H., e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. JunelO/Go. Rowley, Reuben, e. July 31/62, d. Sept. 16/63, dis. Sterling, Henry, e. Aug. 7/62, kid. Sept. 19/63. Thomas, D. M., e. Aug. 1/62, died Mar. 12/63. Taylor, Thomas, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 10/65. THE 96th INFANTRY Was organized at Rockford in August, !62, hy Col. T. E. Champion, and mustered in Sept. 6. Oct. 8, it moved to Newport, Ky. ; on the 29th moved to Lexington and Harrodsbujg, where it remained four weeks, and thence removed to Danville, where it arrived Nov. 28. The regiment was mustered out June 10/65, at Camp Harker, Tenn., and arrived at Chicago June 14/65, where it received final pay and discharge. COMPANY B. Captains. David Salisbury, e. Sept. 6/62, res. Feb. 17/63. A. B. Whitney, e. Sept. 6/62, res. Jan. 8/64. E. J. Gilmore, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. June 25/64. G. H. Burnett, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 10/66, First Lieutenant. A. A. Bangs, e. Sept. 5/62, m. o. June 10/65. O. Ferrand, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 8/65. Corporals. J. D. Fulsom, e. Aug. 9/62. S. H. Lindsey, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o.' May IP, «>, sergt. ,.. bM Arthur Cook, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. May 10, 6W Willard Whitney, e. Aug. 9/62, m.o. May 10, <»• Privates. Burnett, Jerome, e. Aug. 9/62, m.o. May 10, '65, corpl. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. S73 Butler, Isaac, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. May 10/65. Bangs, G. A., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. May 10/65. Barron, Orvill, e. Aug. 9/62, m. a. May 10/65. Brown, James, e. Aug. 9/62. died Jan. 25/63. Beck, J. A., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 10/65. Brogar, Henry, e. Aug. 9/62, d. Aprill0,'03, dis. Carl Wm., e. Aug. 9/62, trans to V.R.C. Collins, Alfred, e. Aug. 9/62, died Jan. 28/0:1. Cleveland, M. H., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 10, '65, corpl. Cleveland, E. T., e. Aug. 9/62, im. o, Mav 13/65. Collins, LaFayette, e. Aug. 9/62. Cooper, G. J., e. Aug. 9/62, died Nov. is/63. Dombiski, Henry, e.Aug. 9,'62,m.o. June 10/65. De Voe, I. W., e. Aug. 9/62, trans, to V.R.C. Edwards, Alfred, e. Aug. 9/62, trans, to V.R.C. Fisher, Whitman, e.Aug.9/62,d.Mar.l9,'63,dis. Fuller, Wm., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 10/65. Gillmore, M„e. Aug. 9/62, d. Jan. 5/65, dis. Hendee, G. E., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. May 13/65. Hoagstraat, H., e. Aug. 9/62, kid. May 14/64. Litwiler, James, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. May 14/64. O'Connell, James, e. Aug. 9/62, died Aug. 24,63. Potter, Edwin, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 10/65. Rich, Esau, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. Nov. 24,, 63. Washburn, John, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. Dec. 16/64. Young, James, e. Aug. 9/62, d. June 16/63, dis. Fidler, John, Co. C, e. Aug. 15/62, kid. Sept. 20/63. McCreadie, Wm., Co. G, e. Aug. 15/62, died at Andersonville pris. . June 4, '64. Savage, Jerry, Co. C„ e. Aug. 1/62, trans, to V. R. G COMPANY D. Carpenter, G. W., e. Aug. 6/62, m. u. J line 10, 65. Hankins, G S., e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 10/65. Peppard, Chas., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 10, '65, sergt. Ricks, Edw., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 10/65, corpl. Sells, W. D., e. Aug. 2/62, died July 30/63. Thayer, Eli, e. Aug. 13/62, missing in action. Drury, W. E., Co. G., e. Aug. 11/62, d. Mav 22, '63, dis. Gay, Henry, Co. G., a. Aug. 7/64, m. u. June 16/65, corpl. Hill, James, Co. F., 102d, e. Jan. 4/64. Olson, Peter/Co. I., 102d, e. Dec. 15/63. THE 103d INFANTRY Was ogranized in August/62, and mustered in Oct. 2. The 103d was exclusively a Fulton county regiment, having been raised entirely in this county. The regiment received orders Oct. 30 to move to Cairo, and thence to Columbus, Jackson and Bolivar, where it was assigned, Nov. 2, to First Brigade, Fourth Division, Thirteenth Corps. The regiment was engaged in sundry marches and reconnoissances, from Jackson and Bolivar, during November and December, 1862. On the 9th of November it engaged the enemy near Coldwater, Miss., driving him, killing 15 and capturing 70 pris oners. On the 28th of November went on a campaign to Tallahatchie river, where they met a strong force of the enemy and drove them from their position. On the 30th of December went into winter quarters at Jack son. The 103d took part in the battle of Resaca, Ga., where they sustained quite a heavy loss, and among the brave men who fell there was the gallant Col. Willard A. Dickemian, who gave up his life May 28/64. The regiment was mustered out June 21/65 at Louisville, Ky. , and proceeded to Chicago, where, June 24/65, it received final payment and discharge. Colonels. Amos, G Babcock, e. Oct. 2/62, res. Oct. 18/62. W. A. Dickerman, e. Oct. 18/62, kid. at Resaca, Ga., Mav 28/64. G. W. Wright, e. Oct. 18/62, in. o. Juue 21/65. Lieutenant Colonels. Asias Willison, e. Oct. 18/62, res. Jan. 8/65. Charles Willis, e. Oct. 2/62, m. o. June 21/65. Adjutants. S. S. Tipton, e. Aug. 2/62, res. June 19/63. A. E. Waystaff, e. Aug. 6/62. F. B. Lermond, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. June 21/65. Quartermaster. William Miller, e. Oct. 18/62, m. o. May 15/65. H. S. Ingersoll, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65, Surgeon- Richard Morris, e. Nov. 15/02, m. u. June 21/65. First Assistant Surgeon. S. S. Buck, e. Oct. 2/62, m. o. June 21/65. Second Assistant Surgeon. J. W. VanBrunt. c. Oct. 3/62, m. o. June 21 ,'65. Cliaplain. W. S. Peterson, e. Oct. 2/62. Sergeant Major. S. R. Quigley, e. Aug. 11/62, in. o. June 21/65. Quartermaster Sergeaut. Wilson Fisher, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. Commissary Sergeant. George Stipp, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 21/65. Hospital Steward. H. J. Miffin, e. Aug. 22/62, d. June 8/63. John Hughes, e. Aug. 1.3/62, m. o. June 21/65. Principal Musicians. C. E. Payne, e. Aug. 14/62, died July, 20/63. H. E. Schaefer, c. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. E. A. Parvin, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. COMPANY A. Captain. W. \V. Bishop, e. Oct. 18/62, m. u. June 21/65. First Lieutenant. I. W. Worley, e. Oct. 18/62, res. Jan. 15/65. Second Lieutenant. Howard Willison, e. Oct. 18/62. First Sergeant. Wm. M. Standard, e. Aug. 9/62, pro. 1st Lieut. Sergeants. John Milburn, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Alonzo M. Cole, e. Aug. 14/62, ab. at m. o. of regt. Sidney R. Quigley, e. Aug.11,'62, pro. serg. maj. Henry C. Black, e. Aug. 7/62, d. Mar. 17/63,dis. Corporals. John Thompson, e. Aug. 9/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Robt. B. Evans, jr., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 29, '65, 1st Sergt. John A. Chambers, b. Aug. 12/62, m. u. June 21/65, Sergt. W. G Staten, e. Aug. 3/62, m. o. June 21/65. G W. Fluke, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Perry Morauville, e. Aug. 11/62, died Oct.30/63. Andrew Barrett, e. Aug. 8/62, a. Nov. 5/63, dis. Alexander Morauville, e, Aug. 9/62, m. o. June, 21/65. 374 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Musicians. G R. Jordan, e. Aug: 14/62, d. Mar. 29/63, dis. T. J. Piersol, e. Aug. 22/62, m. 0. Mar. 10/63. Wagoner. William Weaver, b. Aug. 22/62. Privates. Arnett, J. N., e. Aug. 11/62, m. 0. June 21/65. Anderson, John A., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. . Alsbury, Levi, e. Aug. 22/62. m. o. June 29/65. Barnhill, Wm. B., e. Aug. 8/62, d. June 26/63, for pro. Beezlev, Paul, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 21/65. Beezley, John M., e. Aug. 9/62, diedSep.10/63. Bechelshvmer, Hezekiah, e. Aug. 9/62, died Aug. "25/63; wnds. Bird, William, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Bramble, George F., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. May 16/65. Berry, John, e. Aug. 2/62. Berry, Elliott, e. Aug. 4/62. Bishop, Thomas S., e. Aug 22/62, kid Nov. 25/63. Cockrell, Nathan, e. Aug. 9/62, died Aug.. 23/63. Clifford, Nelson, e. Aug. 11/62, trans, to I! C. Covert, Robert, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Cozan, Joseph, e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65. Chambers, J. B., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Chamber, George W., e. Aug. 21/62, m. u. June 21/65. Clark, Isaac B., e. Aug. 13/62, trans, to V. R.G Calhoun, Andrew, e. Aug. 13/62, died Feb. 9, '64. Childers, James A,, e. Aug. 14/62, died Jan. 29,63.. Douglass, John, e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 21/65. Day, Nathan L.. e. Aug. 17/62. Davis, George J., e. Aug. 16/62. Davis, Thornton, e. Aug. 21/62, m. o. June 21/65. Evans, Edward F., e. Aug. 7/62, m. u. June 21/65. Ellis, James A., e. Aug. 8/62, died Jan. 8/63. Ellis, Isaac, e. Aug. 22/62, d. Mar. 17/63, dis. Fitzgerald, William, e. Aug. 14/62. Guthrie, William, e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Gustine, Samuel H., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June , 21/65. Hill, William, e. Aug. 12/62, died Mar. 23/63. Houston, O. P., e. Aug. 9/62. Harrison, John e. Aug.12/62. Horn, Isaac, e. Aug. 1/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Horn, William, Jr., e. Aug. 20/62, died June 25/63. Horn, Jonathan, b. Aug. 22/62, d. Jan. 27/65, sergt., dis. Horn, Erasmus, e. Aug. 22/62, died Sept, 9/63. Hunter, William, e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. Juue 22/65. Hedge, Eder, e. Aug. 21/62, died Mar. 30/63. Hedge, Stephen B., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Jenning, Nathan L., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 9/65. Kruzah, Findley, e. Aug. 20/62, d. Mar. 29/65. Livingston, John, e. Aug. 8/62, m. o. June 21, '65, sergt. Livingston, J., e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 21/65. Livingston, William, e. Aug. 21/62, kid, Aug. 15/64. Lenhart, Isaiah/e. Aug. 16/62, m.o. June 21/65. McCumber, Anson, e. Aug. 7/62, d. 25/64, dis. McGhee, David, e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Messplay, James, e. Aug. 9/62, m.o. June 21/65. Osborn, George F.,.e. Aug. 5/62, m. o. June 21/65, Reeves, David H., e. Aug. 3/62, died Dec. 31 '63, wnds. Smith, Abram, e. Aug. 8/62, kid June 27/64. Smith, William G, e. Aug. 8/62,' m. o. June21 '65, corpl. Summers, John W., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Tooley, Josiah, e. Aug. 13/62, diedFeb. 3/63. Tooley, Joshua, e. Aug. 7/62, trans, to 40th 111 Inf. Voris, Abraham, e. Aug. 13/62, died July 13/68. Wells, Greenberry D., e. Aug. 5/62, in. o. Juno 21/65. Wells, JamesH., e. Aug. 5/62. Wright, William M. e. Aug. 14/62. Willson, Howard, e. Aug. 14/62, pro. 2d Lieut. Walker, John, e. Aug. 20/62. Stone, Archibald, e. Aug. 22/62, m. u. Julie 21/65. Call, George B., e. Mar. 21/64, kid. July 28/64. Coakley, George W., e- Nov. 8/63, trans, to 40th 111. Inf. Hill, Robert W., e. Mar. 9/64, trans, to 40th Inf. Henry, Levi E. Jones, Thomas S., e. Mar. 21/64, kid. June 27/64. Livingston, Isaac, b. Aug. 20/62, d. Jan. 8/55,- dis. ¦ Morauville, Charles L., e, Mar. 21/64, kid Aug. 19/64. Shaw. Amaziah, e. Mar, 21/64, trans, to 40th 111. Inf. Tipton, Samuel S., pro. Adjutant. Warfield, William, e. Mar. 25, '64, kid. June 27/64. COMPANY B. Captains. O. D. Carpenter, e. Oct. 2/62, res. April 7/63. William Walsh, e. Oct. 2/62, died Nov. 25/68. Andrew Smith, e. Aug. 22/62, m.o, June 21/65. First Lieutenants. J. S. Gardner, e. Oct. 2/62, Tes. Feb. 5/63. J. M. Swartz, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Second Lieutenant. ' S. B. Beer, e. Aug. 14/62, res. Aug. 10/63. .First Sergeant. Simon B. Beer, e. Aug. 14/62, pro. 2d Lieut. James E. G. Hibbard, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, ,. , Andrew Smith, e. Aug. 22/62, pro. 1st Lieut. Elijah Lanman, e. Aug. 22/62, kid. June28, 64. Allen W. Smith, e. Aug. 26/62, died Mar. 19/63, Corporals. Joseph Prosser, e. Aug. 14/62, d. May 2/63. William Hummell, e. Aug. 14/62, sergt, abs.at m. o. regt. Jacob W. Rist, e. Aug. 14/62. Christ B. Fisher, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21, '65, 1st sergt. r Edward Hancock, e. Aug. 20/62, m. u. June 21/65. T „, James A Dailey, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. JuneJl, '65, sergt. , , „ Johnson Brunner, e. Aug. 14/62, trans, to 1. t. Musicians. Henry E. Schaefer, b. Aug. 14/62, app. prin. musician. . Elim A. Parvin, c. Aug. 14/62, app. prin. mt). Wagoner. Alfred P. Potter, e.Aug. 22/62, m.o. May 29/65. Privates. Arringdle, Francis, e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 21/65. T „ ril '/W Alms, Henry, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21, »• Alms, Andrew, e. Aug. 14/62,m. o, ¦ MayliW»- Anno, Henry, e, Aug. 14/62, died Aug. n, <»¦ HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 375 Baker, James D., e. Aug. 14/62. Burrow, James, o. Aug. 14, '62, m.o. June 21/6o. Bowers, Joseph, e. Aug. 21/62, kid May 14/64. Bowers, Daniel, e. Aug. 14/62, died Sept. 17/63. Carpenter, John H., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Cunningham, Abram II., b. Aug. Il,'ii2, ui. o. June 21/65. Clino, Louis, Aug. 14/62. Clark, Henry, e. Aug. 11/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Darland, Benjamin M., u. Aug. 14, '62, died Sept. 22/63. Dailv.JohnR., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 15/65. Davis, Ebenezer, e. Aug. 21/62, d. Mar. 10/64. Elliott, Cvrus, e. Aug. 14/62. i.i. o. June 21/65. Fisher, John W., e. Aug. 14,'uJ, in. o. May 22, '66, corpl. Fisher, Joshua J., b. Aug. 14/65, lstsergt. trans. to I. C. . Flower, William B., Aug. 14/62, m. u. June 24/65. Fry, Isaac, e. Aug. 14/62, died Aug. 6/64. Gladman, Thomas, e. Aug. 14/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Glass, Uriah J., e. Aug. 20/62, corpl. abs. at m. o. of regt. Hall, Joshua, e. Aug. 14/62, trans, to 40th Inf. Hummell, Samuel, e. Aug. 14/61, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Haney, Henry, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Heartlev, William L., Aug. 14/62, d. May 7/63. Henry, John, e. Aug. 22/62, died Dec. 20/63. Heartley, John, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 25/65. Hites, Thomas, e. Aug. 21/62, m.o. June 21/65. .Jackson, Ira, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o July 14/65. Kingsworth, John, e. Aug. 14/62, d. Mar. 9/63. Kuhn, Conrad, e. Aug. 20/62,m. o. June 21/65. Kepler, Samuel, e, Aug. 14/62, died Aug. 24/63. Markley, J. F., e. Aug. 14/62, died Jan. 12/63. Markley, Marion, e. Aug. 14, '62, died March 6/63. McClerg, John E., e. Aug. 14/62. McClerg, William, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 24, '65, was pris. Montgomery, George, e. Aug. 14/62, abs. atm. o. of regt. Montgomery, Adam, e. Aug. 14/62, in. o. Juno 21/65. Montgomery, Richard, e. Aug. 22/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Mantonga, Amos., e. Aug. 20/62, died April 10/63. Mantonga, Sylvester, e. Aug. 13, '62, kid. June 27/64. Martin, Lewis, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Norville, Elisha, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21, '65, sergt. Overman, Oscar, b. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21, 65, corpl. Parker, Allen S., e. Aug. 14/62, died Oct. 5/63. Palmer, Archibald D., e. Aug. 14/62, kid. Nov. 22/64. Pratt, Thomas, e. Aug. 14/62. Pepitt, William, e. Aug. 14/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Roberts, Joseph T., e. Aug. 14/62, d. Mar.10/64. Reed, William M., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21, '65, sergt. Swam, Christopher M., e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. June 21/65. Swartz, Henry, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Stohaugh, James, e. Aug. 14/62. Shoemaker, Abraham, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Seward, Jasper J., e. Aug. 14/62 Smith Joseph J., e. Aug. 22/62, died Jan. 18, 06. Speer, John G„ e. Aug. 22/62, died July 10/64. K™ wn!' e- 4US- 20''62' d: APril 16.'63. SSi ™ui™ L- e. Aug. 14/62, trans, to I. G volmar, Daniel, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, Wilting, John A., b. Aug. 14/62, died Feb. 2, '63. Whiting, Salathiel, e. Aug. 14/62, died Nov. 5, '63. Wheeler, Joseph H., e. Aug. 22/62, m. u. June 21/65, corpl. Zerby, William, e. Aug. 22/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Anno, James W., e, Dec. 15/63, kid. June 27/64. Donney, Frank E. Jamieson, Ezra, died June 19/63, Morris, P. W., e. Feb. 10/64, trans, to 40th Inf. Reed, William. Swartz, John W., pro. 1st Lieut. COMPANY C. Captain. F. M. Taylor, e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65, First Lieutenants. II. L. Nicolet, e. Oct. 2/62, res. Mar. 6/63. William Wilkinson, e. Aug. 11/62, res. July 11, ,64. G. S. Chapin, e. Aug. 15/62, m. u. June 21/65. Second Lieutenant. J. S. Smith, e. Oct. 2/62, res. Apl. 3/65. First Sergeant. JohnH. Harris, e. Aug. 12/62, d. Feb. 6/65. Sergeants. William Wilkinson, e. Aug. 11/62, pro. 1st Lieut. Joshua M. Gibbs, e. Aug. 6/62, d. May 9/65. Alexander E. Wagstaff, e. Aug. 6/62, trans, to Co. G. Enos Kelsey, e. Aug, 11/62, m. o. June 21/65, 1st sergt. Corporals. Joseph Parnham, e. Aug. 5/62, m. o. May 30, '65. Henry S. Ingersoll, e. Aug. 11/62, pro. Q. sergt. George Stipp, e. Aug. 9/62, pro. Com. sergt. Francis M. Hunt, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Gorham S. Chapin, b. Aug. 15/62, d. June 8/65, for pro. Russell J Tanner, e. Aug. 15/62, sergt. died Aug. 24/64, wnds. Samuel Spillman, e. Aug. 6/62, Musicians. Washington F. Randolph, e. Aug. 14/62, d. April 8/64. Robt. E. Snyder, e. Aug. 22/62, d. March 17/63, dis. Privates. Abbott, Joel, e. Aug. 13/62, died June 18/63. Andrews, Josiah, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Armstrong, Gardner M., e. Aug. 7/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Ball, Edwin N., e. Aug. 9/62, trans, to I. C. June 28/63. Bailey, George L., e. Aug. 9/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Bass, George M., e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21, '65, sergt. Baylor, Theodore, e. Aug. 13/62, kid. June 27, '64. Benson, William, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. June 21, '65. Benson, George, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u, June 21, '65. Bevans, Robert E., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21/65. Blake, Samuel F., e. Aug. 14/62, died Feb. 4, '63. Brown, Benjamin, e. Aug. 11/62, d. March 29, '63, dis. Beeson, Turner, e. Aug. 15/62,m. o. June 21/65. Cannon, Thomas, e. Aug. 14/62, d. Oct. 19/63, dis. * 376 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Chapin, Ivory, e. Aug. 15/62. m. o. June 21/05. Cone, Joseph G, e. Aug. 15/62, m. o. June 9/65. Carrico, Harrison, e. Aug. 14/62, trans, to I. G Cook, James, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21/65. Couch, John S., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Dean, Stephen E., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Evans, John, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. Evans, George W., e. Aug. 13/62, died July 5, '64. Evans, David W., e. Aug. 11/62, abs. atm. u. of regt. Evans, Philip F., e. Aug. 13/62, abs. at m. v. of regt. Ellis, Isaac N., e. Aug. 6/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Griffen, David S., b. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Godley, William, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, '65. Gardiner, Benjamin G, b. Aug. 12/62, died Oct. 4/63. Greinwill, Robert, e. Aug. 12/62, died Aug. 31/63. George, Samuel, e. Aug. 15/62, m. o. June 21/65. Garner, Ferdinand, e. Aug. 14/62, m. u. June 21/65. Giddings, William F., e. Aug. 11/62, died Oct1 10/63. Greenslit, N. A., e. Aug. 8/62, died June 28/64, wnds. Hackett, George M,, e. Aug. 11/62, m. u. June 21/65. Hackett, Clayton S., e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. Horton, George W., b. Aug. 11/62, m. u. June 21/65, corpl. Hart, George, e. Aug. 13/62, died July 6/63, wnds. Huckaby, John H., e. Aug. 6/62, died April 26/63. Herr, Sheaff L., b. Aug. 11/62, m. u. June 21/65. Lee, Joseph F.. e. Aug. 11/62, died Aug. 14/63. Lee, William R., e. Aug. 11/62, died June 10/63. Lewis, Henry N., e. Aug. 11/62, abs. atm. u. of regt. Lee, Joseph, e. Aug. 12/62, died June 10/63. Louis, Elijah, e. Aug. 14/62, died Feb. 4/64. Little, Robert F., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21/65. Lawrence, Amos B., e. Aug. 11/62, d. June 21/65. Moore, William W., e. Aug. 16/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Marshall,1 Robert R., e. Aug. 11/62, d. June 27. '64, dis. McKissick, John, b. Aug. 23/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. McGraw, John, e. Aug. 12/62. Marvel, Robert, e. Aug. 12/62, d. Jan. 19/63, dis. Riley, Henry, e. Aug. 11/62, d. May 30/63, dis. Roatson, Joseph, e. Aug. 11/62, trans, to I. G Stockdale, Albert, e. Aug. 15/62, m. o. June 21/65. Stewart, Richard S., e. Aug. 12/62, died Sept. 8/63. Sly, Wm. H., e. Aug. 11/62, trans, to V. R. C. Smith, William A., e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Stone, Jesse, e. Aug. 15/62, m. o. June 21/65. Sebree, St. Clair S., e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June . 21/65. Sandford, Charles W., e. Aug, 15/62, died Oct. 1/64. Taylor, Francis M., e. Aug. 22/62, pro. 1st sergt, then capt. Thorpe, Burton H., e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 20/63. , Vandersloot, Albert L., b. Aug. 11/62 d Aiw 8/63. B' Veeman, Charles A., e. Aug. 12/62, m. u. June 21/65, corpl. WerdenjJacob, e. Aug. 7/62. Welch, Hosea W., e. Aug. 11/62, d. May 4 '63 dis. ' ' Wilkinson, George J., e. Aug. 11/62, pro. serst maj. Westerfield, Car^ A., e. Aug. 20/62, trails, to Zuck, Daniel, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 22 '65 corpl. ' Zuck, William, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65 Adams, William J., e. Jan. 26/65, m. o. June 5/65. Chapin, Ord, e. Jan. 26/65, trans, to 40th Inf Cordner, Thomas J., e. Jan. 26/65, trans to 40th Inf. Dean, William F., m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Ellis, Newton, m. o. May 30/65. Hetherington, Jacob, e. April 29/64, trans, to 40th Inf. Mendenhall, Charles G, b. Jan. 26/65, trans, to 40th Inf. McLain, John, e. Jan. 16/65, trans, to 40th Inf. Ralston, William D., e. Jan. 26/65, trans, to 40th Inf. Ralston, James G, e. Jan. 26/65, trans, to 40th Inf. Sanders, General Lee, d. Jan. 8/65. Thomas, James B., e. Nov. 10/63, died Aug, 5, '64, wnds. Whitaker, John G, e. Jan. 26/65, trans, to 40th Inf. Walling, Eli, kid. Oct. 15/64. COMPANY D. Captains. J. S. Wyckoff, e. Oct. 2/62, res. Apl. 20/64. M. V. D. Voorhees, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. First Lieutenants. B. F. Wyckoff, e. Oct. 2/62, res. Apl. 7/63. Isaac McBean, e. Oct. 2/62, res. June 22/63. L. P. Blair, e. Aug. 13/62, kid. July22/M. R. L. Neefus, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. First Sergeant. Matthew V. D. Voorhees, e. Aug. 13/62, pro. 2d Lieut. Archibald McCrea, e. Aug. 13/62, died Aug. 6/64. John Hughes, e. Aug. 13/62, pro. Hospital Steward. Lawrence P. Blair, e. Aug. 13/62, pro. 1st Lieut. Allen D. Rose, e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Corporals. Charles B. Edmonson, b. Aug. 13/62, sergt. trans, to V. R, G> ,..„,., Cornelius W. Pratt, e. Aug. 13/62, died Feb. 1, Ralph L. Neefus, e. Aug. 13/62, pro. 1st Lieut Robert D. Gigh, e. Aug. 13/62, m. O.June 21, '65, sergt. ,. . _, . ,„ ,™ Peter D. Ditto, e. Aug. 13/62, died Feb. 18, 63. Henry A. Snyder, e. Aug. 13/62, . died Dec. 31/63. , _ John W. Bower, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, '65, sergt. Musicians. George M. Woodley, e. Sept. —,'62, d. April 16, '63, dis. , , ,„,« Wm. W. Warner, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Jan. 18, », dis. Wagoner. Joseph L. Cyphers, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o.. 'June 21/65. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 377 Prvfates. Alpaugh, Chas., e. Aug. 13/62, died Sep. 16/63. Alwood, George W., e. Aug. 13/62, died Aug. Anderson, Lewis, e. Aug. 14/62, kid. Nov. 22 '64 Ashearn.'RobertC, e. Aug. 13/62, sergt., ab. Beam,' George, e. Aug. 13/62, died Aug. 20/63, wnds. Beaver, Martin L.,e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Blakeslee, G. M., b. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Botkin, Marcellus, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June Botkin, Elnathan, e. Aug. 13/62, died Oct. 8/64. Botkin, Asa J., e. Aug. 22/62, trans, to V. R. C. Buck, Sidney S., e, Aug. 13/62, pro. 1st as. sur. Burson, George, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Brown, Simon V., e. Aug. 13/62, d. Sept. 6/63, dis. Bye, George J., e. Oct. 13/62, died Sept. 3/64. Corey, Stephen A., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. " Cyphers, J. W., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/6o. Cammon, Theodore, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Aug. 23, '63, corpl. Dilts, Herman H., e. Aug. 13/62, corpl., died Aug. 3/63. Dilts, CharleB J., e. Aug. 13/62, died July 20/63. Dilts, James, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June, 21/65, corpl. Ditmars, Richard L., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Dyekman, Charles, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Sept. 30, '64, corpl ; wnds. Dailey, George, e. Aug. 13/62, trans to V. R. C. Diltz, Jacob, e. Sept. —,'62, m. o. June 21/65. Foster, Richard, e. Aug. 13/62, corpl., trans, to V. R. C. Foster, Humphrey, e. Aug. 13/62, d. May 4/63, dis, Gick;Henrv, e. Aug. 13/63, d. April 16/63, dis. Goodell, Hiram, e. Aug. 13/62, died Dec. 18/63. Gronendyke, Wm., e. Aug. 13/62, d. Sept. 6/63, dis. Hagaman, Abram W., e. Aug. 13/62, d. Oct. 28, '63, dis. Hagaman, Garrett V., b. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Hagaman, John T., c. Aug. 13/62, d. Dec. 28, '63, dis. Hall, Edward E., b. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Hall, Peter, e. Aug. 21/62, died Aug. 5/64. Hall, William, e. Aug. 13/62; kid. May 11/65. Hilhjot. Hugh F., e. Aug. 13/62, trans. V. R. G Huff, Christopher, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. July 1/65. Huff, Lewis D., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, 65, corpl. Johnston, Jacob, e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Johnston, Wm. C, b. Aug. 13/62, died Aug. 30/64 " Kellogg S. H., e. Aug. 13/62, kid. Nov. 22/64. Little, James, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Sept. 6/63, dis. Mernam, Syms A., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Moore, Simon, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Montgomery, William, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Moor, George J., e. Aug. 13/62, died Sep. 15/64. Zk £lleb' %• AuS- 13.'62- COIPl-> died Nov. 25/64, wnds. Polhemus, John, e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21, 65, 1st sergt. Razee, James R., e. Aug. 13/62. lSS,m-bfc^lip'e- AuS- 13''62, m- o. May 18/65. ?.°^bilip, e Aug. 13/62. m. o. June 21/65. Snodgrass, Robert, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June *1, DO. Stine, William R., b. Aug. 13/62, m. o. July 1/65. Stine, Jacob P., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Swiney, Gersham, e. Aug. 13/62, died April 12/64. Swegle, John W., b. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Taylor, George W., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Vail, Jasper, e. Aug. 13/62, nr. o. June 21/65. Vanarsdale, Peter V. D., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o, June 21/65. Voorhees, Peter, e. Aug. 13/62, m. u. June 21/65. Voorhees, Richard D., b. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Walsh, Daniel, e. Aug. 13/62, died Feb. 16/63., Winters, James, e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Wyckoff, John G., Aug. 13/62, '&. Mar. 28/62, dis. Roberts, Paxon, e. Sept. 6/62, d. Sep. 6/63, dis. Blakeslee, Charles H., e. Nov. 13/63, d. Feb. 24, '65, wnds. Moorenead, William, dism'd May 15/63. COMPANY E. Captain. F. C. Post, b. Oct. 2/62. First Lieutenant. C. H. Suydam, e. Oct. 2/62. First Sergeant. Benjamin F. Wood, e. Aug. 4/62, died July 9/63. Sergeants. Christopher G Bowman, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 20/65. Douglass M. McCann, b. Aug. 4/62, on duty at m. o. of regt. Wesley S. Low, e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Abraham DeClerk, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. t Corporals. Charles W. Thompson, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Wr. H. Jackson, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 12, '65, sergt. Wm. Shaw, e. Aug. 4/62, died Aug. 20/63. Jones B. Fletcher, e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Joseph T. Crawford, e. Aug. 4/62, ab. at m. o. of regt. J. A. Van Meddlcworth, e. Aug. 4/62, ab. at m. o. of regt. Lemuel Shooks, e. Aug. 4/62, detached at m. o. of regt. Henry F. Castle, e. Aug. 4/62, died June 11/64. Musician. Angelo Thompson, b. Aug. 4/62, m. u. June 21/65. Privates. Addis, Simon P., b. Aug. 4/62, m. u. June 21/65. Anton, Joseph R., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Abby, James D., e. Aug. 4/62, d. Mar. 7/65. Brown, Lyman P., e. AUg.4/62, died Feb. 3/65. Baylor, Washington, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Breese, Watson, e. Aug. 4,64, ab. at m. o. regt. Breese, Noah, e. Aug. 4/62, died April 10/63. Breese, Orin, e. Aug. 4/64, died Nov. 18/62. Beasley, Thomas, sr.,e. Aug.4/62, d. Mar. 16/63. Beasley. Thomas,, jr., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Brandon, Parker, e. Aug. 4/62, died Aug.17/64. Broadrick William, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June . 22/65. Carver, Ira G, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. 378 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Cockrell, Roswell, e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. ' Corwin, James, e. Aug. 4/62, died Sept' 21/63. DeWitt, David S., e. Aug. 4/62, diedSep.22/63. Downs, William., e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Nov. 23,63. Edwards, David, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Frederick, Jacob Y., e. Aug. 4/62, ab. at m. o. of regt. Fitzgerald, Haman, e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Nov. 25/63. Fast, Omri, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Glethen, Charles, e. Aug. 4/62, d. April 16/63. Gosham, Summers, e. Aug. 4/62, m. 0. June 21/65, sergt... Gibson, William, e. Aug. 4/64, trans, to I. C. Hill, John W., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Hiller, F., e. Aug. 4/62, died July 19/64. Huston, J., e. Aug. 4/62, ab. at m. o. of regt. Johngan, A., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Johnson, W. H., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June21/65. Krims, Sol., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Maulsby, Law., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Maloon, Wm., e. Aug. 4/62, d. Sept. 4/63. Maloon, Samuel, e. Aug. 4/62, trans, to I. G McKinley, J^e. Aug. 4/62, died Dec. 24/62. Mills, Benj. F., e. Aug. 4/62, kid. Aug. 4/64. Oviatt, Daniel, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Purcell, Ed., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Patterson, An., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Rogers, J. W., e. Aug. 4/62, died Mar. 15/64. Ruey, H. G, e. Aug. 4/62, corpl., trans. V. R. C Rube, Andrew, e. Aug. 4/62, d. May 7/63. Reamy, Dan., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Reamy, John, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Rasmine, Thos., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21, '65, sergt. Richardson, H., e. Aug. 4/62, m.o. June 3/65. Robinson, I., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Roberts, Joseph N., e. Aug. 4/62. Smith, T. K., e. Aug. 4/62, d. Nov. 7/63. Swan, Jos. P., e'. Aug. 4/62, m, o. June 21/65. Stephenson, Sam'l, e. Aug. 4/62, trans to I. G Spencer, Sam., e. Aug. 4/62, kid. June 15/64. Strickland, Jqhn,.e. Aug. 4/62, died Jan.24/63. Spencer, Wm., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Thompkins, A. G,.e. Aug. 4/62, d. Oct. 27/63. Tar, Jos., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Wages, Jacob, e. Aug. 4/62, d. Feb. 7/65. Wages, Isaac, e. Aug. 4/62, d. May 16/63. Wages, James, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Williams, Henry, e. Aug. 4/62, kid. June 27/64. Wilson, Simeon, e. Aug. 4/62, m.o. June 21/65. Wilson, Charles, e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 2/65. Weaver, George H., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. May 11/65. Webb, Isaac, e. Aug. 4/62, died July 18/63. Weed, Ivory P., e. Aug. 4/62, m. o. June 21/65. Webster, Alphous, e. Aug. 4/62, d. May 30/63. Watts, Converse Y., e. Aug. 4/62. Baigley, Henry. Blair, Andrew J. Fouts, David. Fitzpatrick, John, e. Mar. 9/65, trans, to 40th 111. Inf. Hurff, Augustus. McCann, Thomas, m. o. June 21/65. Weaveh James W., e. April 5/65, trans, to 40th 111. inf. COMPANY F. Captains. William . Vandevander, e. Oct. 2/62, res. April 10/63. Bernard Kelly, e. Oct. 2/62, hon. d. Oct. 13/64. Jeremiah Vorhees, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. First Lieutenants. J. H. Bailey, e. Aug. 11/62, kid. June 27/64. H. H. Orendorff, e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 21/65. First Sergeant. David A. Snyder, e. Aug. 11, '62, d. Aug. 10, '66, wnds. Jared Woorhees, e. Aug. 12/62, d. Aug 24/64 for pro.. ¦' William Griggsby, c. Aug. 14/62, died Dec 3 '63. wnds. . Joshua Ellis, e. Aug. 11/62, d. Mar. 16/63 dis David Maxwell, e. Aug. 15/62, died Dec. 18/64] Corporals. William Walters, b. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21,' Hazael Putnam, e. Aug. 11/62, d. June'5/63 Daniel. Walters, e. Aug. 14/62, diedSept 19/63 George W. Moss, e. Aug. 14/62, kld.June 27/64 John Swearingen, e. Aug, 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. Whitfield, Barnett, b. Aug. 13/62, d. Mar. 28 '63, dis. Andrew J. Justice, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. David Cramblet, e. Aug. 11/62, died Sept. 28/63. Musicians. William A. Smith, e. Aug. 18/62, d. Sept. 5/63, dis. William E. Cooper, b. Aug. 21/62, d. Jan. 30, '64, dis. Wagoner. Erastus McQueen, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. • Privates. Andrew, D. D., e. Aug. 12/62, died Feb. 24/68. Augustine, Michael, e. Aug. 11/62, corpl. kid. Nov. 25/63. Brice, Thos. A., e. Aug. 15/62. Buck, G, e. Aug. 14/62, Corp. kid. July 22/64. Barker, C E., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Bayless, F. J., e. Aug. 14/62, died Jan. 24/63. Buck, Jos. H., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, Buck, Joseph, e. Aug. 19/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Brinton, E. D., e. Aug. 8/62, d. Mar. 22/65, dis, Bailey, Maj., e. Aug, 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. Baughman, Sam'l, e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Barker/ W., e. Ahg. 14/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Bailey, Jas. M., e. Aug. 11/62, pro. 2d Lieut. Campbell, Jos., e. Aug. 11/62, died Mar. 3/63. Coleman, M., e. Aug. 20/62, died Nov. 12/63. Deary, Ed.,e. Aug. 11/62 m. o. June 21/65. Dowler, Wm., e. Aug. 11/62, died Oct. 6/63. Degroff, H., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65. Douglas, Sam'l, e. Aug 12/62, m. o. Juie 21/65. Ellsworth, J. W., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o.Junc 21/65. Eyerly, Wm. J., b. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Ellis, Henry G, e. Aug. 22/62, d. Feb. 24/63. . Fordyce, J. F., e. Aug. 15/62, d. Aprill6/63,dis. Frizzel, Joshua, e. Aug, 18/62, m.o. June 21/65, corpl. Fisher, Wilson, e. Aug. 11/62, pro. quartermas ter sei-gt. Gosnell, Wes. L., e. Aug. 11/62, d. Mar. 16/63, Guthrie, F. M., e. Aug. 21/62, died Jan. 31/a Grove, Jno., e. Aug. 11/62, trans, to I. C. Gibson, Wm., e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 21, 65. Glimpse, S. S., e. Aug. 11/62. Haskir* G V., e. Aug. 14/62, m. o. June a, 65. Hale, JasM., e. Aug. 11/62, died May, 1863. Hoar, Wm. B., e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 2165. Harper, Mat., e. Aug. 17/62, m. o. June 21, 65, Holler, Wm;, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21, 65, corpl. , „, ,.. Johnson, B., e. Aug. 10/62, m. o. June 21, 65. Lermond, F., e. Aug. 14/62, pro. Sergt. Maj. Lawrence, Wm. D., e. Aug. 11/62. m. o. June 29>'65- j- Ar, » I'M Lowland, Wm., e. Aug. 14/62, died Oct. 1,0* Lowe, Moses; e. Aug. n/62, died July a, »> wnds. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 379 Lewis, Geo. H.,e. Aug. 22/62, died Oct. 18/64, wnds. Moss, Jos. H„ e, Aug. 14/62, m. o. June 21/65. Mayo, David, e. Aug. 12/61, m. o. June 21/65, sergt. Miller, Joel J., e. Aug. 11/62, d. Jan. 27/65, dis. Manning, J. A., e. Aug. 15/62, died May 31/63 McDonnell, Wm. H., e. Aug. 12/62, ra. o. May 27/65. Orendorff, H. H., e. Aug. 20/62, d. May 19/65, for pro. Orendorff, Jno. W.,"e. Aug. 20/62, d. May 28/64, wnds. Points, Dan'l, e. Aug. 20/62, d. Mar. 16/63, dis. Prichard, Gilford, e. Aug. 15/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Prichard, S., e. Aug. 22/62, d. Aug. 15/64, dis. Post, Wm., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21/65. Ramsey. J. P., e. Aug. 22/62, d. May 6/63, dis. Rockhold, Samuel W., e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. ' ' June 21/65, as sergt. Rea,.Sam'lG., e. Aug. 13/62, died June 21/64, wnds. Spry, John, e. Aug. 14/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Stuart, Jacob, e. Aug. 14/62, abs. m. o. of regt Stephens, M., e. Aug. 20/62, d. June 7/64, dis. Taylor, Geo. W., e. Aug. 18/62, corpl. White, Elijah, e. Aug. 18/62, m. o. June 21/65, corpl. Wise, John, e. Aug. 20/62, m. o. June 21/65. Ware, Jno. H., e. Aug. 15/62, died Nov. 21/63, wnds. Walters, Jos. S., e. Aug. 11/62, m.o. June 21/65. Wheeler, 8., e. Aug. 13/62, m. o. June 21/65. Walters, Marion, e. Aug. 22/62, m. o. June 21, '65, corpl. Brbwn, F., e. Feb. 15/64, trans, to 40th Inf. Caves, S. B., e. Feb. 8/64, trans, to 40th Inf. Degroff, J., e. Jan. 24/64, trans, to 40th Inf. ESkeringe, J. T., e: Feb. 8/64, d. Mar. 31/65, wnds. Harwick, Oscar, e. Oct. 10/62. Miller, Geo. E., d. April 20/63, dis. Parvin, Chas., e. Sept. 21/64, died Oct. 22/64. Rich, Pierce, e. Oct. 30/62, kid. July 28/64. Snyder, Peter. Stafford, Wm., e. Oct. 12/62, m. o. June 21/65. Tary, Alfred, e. Feb. 15/64, trans, to 40th Inf. COMPANY G. First Sergeant. Charles W. Griffith, e. Aug. 14/62, d. July 8/63. Thos. A. Hill, e. Aug. 12/62, m. o. June 21/65. Wm. Penny, e. Aug. 8/62, died Nov. 28/64. J. S. Brown, e. Aug. 9/62, abs. at m. o. of regt. Robt. C. Thomas, e. Aug. 18/62, d. Jan. 16/63. Corporals. Wm. Gustine, e. Aug. 18/62, d. Jan. 8/65. Wm. W. Montgomery, e. Aug. 22/62, trans, to I. C. Sept. 20/63. Jas. Colton, e. Aug. 11/62, m. o. June 21/65. ?'T^,t?ker' e- AuS- 13-'62, kid. June 27/64. J: J. Williamson, e. Aug. 9, '62, m.o. June 21, '65. N. Breed, e. Aug. 5/62, sergt. died Dec. 7/64. wnds. J. E, Reynolds, e. Aug. 13/62, d. Mav 21/65. V. Hanohet, e. Aug. 12/62, d; Feb. 17/65, sergt. MusUAans. J. H. Rodenbaugh, e. Aug. 22/62, d. Jan. 15/63. Privates. n&Ame,rieuf ' e- £US- 15>'62. trans, to Co.l. i^„¦ 4',B5' m- o- Sept 5/65 Miller, I. N., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. July 14/65. Newtpn, B., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65 Oldham, E., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65, Plattenburg, W., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/64. Rhoads, Wm., e. Feb. 8/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Rollins. E. S., e. Feb. 7/65, died Mar. 16/65. Rector, W. H., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. May 24/65. Reynolds, D. G, e. Feb. 4/65. Randall, D., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Rockhold, L. G, e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Race, G. H., e. Feb. 4/65. Rockenfield, Asa. e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Shinn, W. B., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Smith, J. H., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Strong, J. S., e. Feb. 4/65. Shaw, John, e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Shrader, J., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Shrader, J. G, e. Feb. 4/65, died Feb. 10/65. Shaw, S. R., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Webster, A., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Waddele, H. S., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 5/65. Thompson, G, e. Feb. 10/65, Co. I. Thompson, John, e. Feb. 10/65, Co. I. 151st INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Quincy, HI., and made up from various parts of the State, recruited under the call of December 19th, 1864. The regiment was ordered to Springfield, HI., where, Febuary 25, 1865, the field, and staff officers were mustered in and the regiment was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., thence to Dalton, Ga., where they remained, drilling and doing guard and picket duty. April 23, Col. Woodall was ordered to proceed, under flag of truce, to Macon, Ga., to carry terms of sur render to the rebel Gen. Warford- May 2 the regiment was ordered to Kingston, Ga., arriv ing on the 12th, after a toilsome march. Here on May 13, 14, and 15, 1865, the regiment re ceived the surrender of Gen. Warford, with 10,400 prisoners. The 151st was mustered out at Columbus, Ga., January 24, 1866, and moved to Springfield, 111., where it received final dis charge Feb. 8th, 1866. COMPANY B. Captain. Philip Slaughter, e. Feb. 17/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. First Lieutenant. Wm. J. Harroll, e. Feb. 17/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. Second Lieutenant. John Newland, e. Feb. 17/65. m. u. Jan. 24/66. Sergeants. J. W. Negley, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Wm. Bryant, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Feb. 21/66. J. M. Brown, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Corporals. W. A. Wheeler, e. Feb. 7/65. A. Coleman, e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. • Stephen Hayden, e. Feb. 14/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. Dan. Spanney, e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Musicians. J. M. Long, e. Feb. 14/65, died Mar. 28/65. A. Bacus, e. Feb. 8/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Wagoner. S. P. Darst, e. Feb. 7/65, died Mar. 6/65. , Privates. Anderson, T., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Barrows, R. IL, e. Feb. 8/65, died May 1/65. Burge, F. M„ e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Bover, L. D., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Baxter, John, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. 386. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Churchill, J. M., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Calfee, J., e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66, Cook, Jarrod.e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66. Cook, W., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Churchill, W. M., e. Feb. 7/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. Cain, D. M., e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Curtis, 0.,.e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Dodds, Robt, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Ellis, J. W., e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Flake, G. W., e. Feb. 14/65, rih o. Jan. 24/66. Guilliams, J. W., e. Feb. 14/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. Hudson, J., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Hoffman, M„ e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Johnson, W. T., e. Feb. 14/65. , Kent, Wesley, e. Feb. 8/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Milligan, H., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Mills, W. H., e. Feb. 7/65, died Oct. 18/65. Matzke, J., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Preston, Ed., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Purkle, Geo., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Ramsey, Wm., e. Feb. 15/65, m.o. Aug. 51/65. Reed, G. W., e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Reed, James, e. Feb. 9/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Stephens, W. H., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Snyder, R. D., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Teach, W. W., e. Feb. 7/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66. Triplet, T., e, Feb, 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Turner, John, e. Feb. 8/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Waddle, D., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Wright, J., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Zuck, J. N., e. Feb, 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. COMPANY C. Sergeants. M. V. Boyd, e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. J. H. Thompson,' e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. '24/66 " Privates. Castello, J. H., e. Feb. 17/65. Chockey, Benj.,e. Feb. 17/65. Estes, A. P., e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Hagan, R. B., e. F,eb. 17/65, died Feb. 28/65. Riggs, John, e. Feb. 14/65. Ross, N., e. Feb. 15/65, m. 0. Jan. 24/66. COMPANY JD. Captain. Isaac David, e. Feb. 21/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. First Lieutenants. J.'M. Yarnell, e. Feb. 18/65, d. June 20/65. Carithers Zoll, e. Feb. 18/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Second Lieutenant. J. M. Langston, e. Feb. 18/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Sergeants. A. H. Lewis, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. S. R. Musgrove, e.-.Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. B. S. Brick, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. H. B. Hill, e. Feb: 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. R. G Vail, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Corporals. W. S. Reesor, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. B. M. Kingery, e.'Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. I. N. Elliott, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. J. J. Coursey, e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. G Dennis, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. T. R. Branson, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66 T. H. Barnes, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66. Robert Fellon, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. John Nelson, e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Musicians. H. A. Yarnell, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. J. G Dobbins, e. "Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Wagoner. John Jones, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Aug. 22/66. Privates. Arindale, J., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66 Angel, Jacob, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Adams, A., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Allison, D. W., e. Feb. 15/65, died July 15 '65 Allison, J. R., e. Feb. 15/65. ' Anderson, S., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24 '66 Adams, G., e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66 ' Babcock, G, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24 '66 Berry, W., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Bateson, L., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24 '66 Barnes, I., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Bateson, A., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Aug. 11 '65 Biass, J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. ' Carney, John, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24 '66 Culvery, Thos., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66 Clark, John, e. Feb. 15/65. Crouch, John, e. Feb. 15/65, died Mar. 14 '65 Cunningham, S., e. Feb. 15/65, died Anril 21/65. " CoUier, Wm., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Elliott, Joseph, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66 Finley, J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Fleming, J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Fleming, S., e. Feb. 15/65, died April 15/65. Fleming, Alex,, e, Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66.' Gassaway, A., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan'. 24/66. Gould, J. C, e, Feb. 18/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Gngsby, G E., e. Feb. 12/65, died June 24/65. Gibbins, A., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Gilchrist, V., e. Feb. 15/65 m. o. Jan. 24/66, Green, Geo., e. Feb. 14/65. Hoffman, W. M.,e. Feb. 12/65, m.o. Jan. 24/66, HugheB, I. M., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66. Hanna, F., e'. Feb. 15/65. ra. o. Jan. 24/66. Hall, Noah, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Hunt, D. H., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66. Hughes, L. W., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Harper, G H., e. Feb. 12/55, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Howell, John, e. Feb. 15/65. m. o. Jan. 24/66. Hemenover, D.G, e. Feb. 9/65, m-o- AuS- 18/55. Howell, N., e. Feb. 16/65 m. o. Jan. 24/66. Ingram, Jas., e. Feb. 15/65,.m. o. Jan. 24/66, Kelso, John, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Lindsey, Amos, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. McLouth, S., e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Mathews, W. B., e. Feb. 15/65,' died July 10/65. McMullen, J. L., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan.24/66. Moranville, P., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66.-, Neil, T. H., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan, 24/66. - Norman, Samuel H., e. Feb. 15/65, d. Parkinson, J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66, Powell, J., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Sept 21/65. Pierce, John, e. Feb. 12/65.' ' Phillips, S. R., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Prichard, J. E., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Pippit, J. E., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Rilev, John, e. Feb. 17/65. Salkeld, S. H., e. Feb. 15/65, died May 2/65. Stracker. J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Skelly, J. J., e. Feb. 15, '65, m. o. Jan. 17/66, Shields, M., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Steel, J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Stafford, G. H., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66, Thompson, J. S., e. Feb. 15/65, m. -o. Jan, 24/66. Thompson, I., Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66, Todd, J. N., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Talcot, Vice, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. July 22/65. - Wilson, H., e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Sept 8/65. ; Wilkins, J. W., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24, 65. Wilkins, Wm„ e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Junel3,'65: White, J. C, e. Feb. 15/65, m.o. Jan.. 24/66. White, S. J., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Winchel, H., e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Williams, W., e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Wyant, A:, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66, Warfield, Z., e. Feb. 15/65,. m. o. Jan. 24/66. Corcoran, Robt, e. Feb. 15/65, Co.H. COMPANY K. Sergeants. S. J. Winston, e. Feb. 13,S66, m. o. Jan. 24/66. A. B. Wagoner, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24, t*. J. M. Reno, e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24, 66. C. G Merrill, e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24, 65- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 387 Corporals. R F Tate, e. Feb. 7/65,' m. o. Jan. 24/66. J.Lehleiter, e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. . s Wagoner. John Thorp, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Privates. Black, Abraham, e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Bell, C. H„ e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Sept. 19/65. Bell, Thos., e. Feb. 10/65. :' Cook, James, e. Feb. 12/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Corbridge, W. H., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 25/66. Foster, J. B., e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Green, J. H., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Harvey, J. W., e. FSb. 12/65, m. 0. Jan/66. Harvert, J., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Hall, C. C, e. Feb. 16/65. Jordan, T. F., Feb. 7/65, m. u. Jan. 24/66. Johnson. W., e. Feb. 16/65. Lovell, David, e. Feb. 13/65, died April 6/65. McQueen, N., e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Melvin, J. J., e. Feb. 14/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Mitchell,. C. A., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Nichols, G. F., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/65. Phillips, Wm., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Spangler, L. 0., e. Feb. 7/65, died at Quincy, Severn's, I., e. Feb. 13/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Sipes, A. W., e. Feb. 7/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Shoup, S. J., e. Feb. 17/65, m. o. Jan. 24/66. Vogle, Jacob, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Woods, Augustus, e. Feb! 16/65. White, A. H., e. Feb. 15/65. 153d REGIMENT. COMPANY H. Corporal. D, Adams, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Privates. Adams, John, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. July 22/65. Bailey, Homer, e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Collins, T., e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Cooper, J. J., e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Doolittle, B. W., e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. May 25/65. Ellis, J., e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Joslin, I. B., e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Kissack, T., e. Feb. 4/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Kinney, N, e. Feb. 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Lindsay, D. ,L., e. Feb, 6/65, m. o. Sept. 21/65. Shinn, J,, e. Feb. 15/65, m. o. Sept 21/65. 155th REGIMENT. COMPANY G. Sergeanf. Chas. Wilson, e. Feb. 22/65, m. o. Sept. 4/65. Privates. Barron, D., Feb. 20/65, m. o. Sept. 4/65. nSy' W1H- F,eb- 22''65' m- °- W V65. Hoffner, A„ e. Feb. 22/65, m. o. Sept. 4/65. T™nllff''G'^:ie- Peb- i23''65' m.o. June8/65. teoM,\S; ??b- 22>'65' m- °- SePt- V65. M„W' W' F-' e- Peb- 2V65, m. o. Sept. 4/65. KJ&?W0U' e-Ieb- '¦J2''65' m- °- Sept. 4/65. SK°p' %i e- F£b' 22''65' m- °- Sept. 4/65. SS?'qQ- W'( a Feb' 21''65' in Co- K. Stone,Samuel, e. Feb. 21/65, in Co. K. 2d CAVALRY. COMPANY C. Corporal. W. F. Bailey, e. July 3/61, m. o. Aug. 11/64. Saddler. J. Allison, e. July 3/61, d. May 21/62. Privates. Beeman, W., e. July 3/61, d. Nov. 16/62, dis. Crail, James M., e. July 3/61. Paull, Jeremiah, e. July 3/61. Smith, R. W., July 31/61, trans, to gunboat. Warner, W. H,, e. July 31/61, d. Oct. 20/62. Westerfield, B., e. July 31/61, v. Bennett, Ira, e. Dec. 25/61. Bennett/Ira, e. Feb 17/64, m. o. Nov. 22/65, Randolph, A. J., e. Dec. 25/61, died Sept. 22/63. Wright, W. T., e. Feb. 26/64, m. o. Nov. 22/65. Winchel, A., e. Feb. 23, '64 drowned Sept. 12/64. Simmerel, Allen, e.Aug. 6/61, in Co. H. COMPANY M. Corporal. Wm. Stevens, e. Dec. 12/61, m. o. June 9/65. Privates. Crawford, J. A., e. Dec. 9/61, v., d. Jan. 21/65. Willison, J. S., e. Dec. 7/61, m. o. Jan. 9/65. Stull, H. R., e. Nov. 28/61, m. o. Jan. 9/65. 3d CAVALRY Was organized at Camp Butler August, 1861. Sept. 25 moved to St. Louis, Mo. Oct. 1 to Jef ferson City, thence to Warsaw, arriving Oct. 11, and the 22d marched to Springfield, Mo. Feb. 18 it fought the first engagement, and won the first victory of Curtis' campaign. Feb. 14/62, occupied Springfield, Mo.; 15th came up with Price's retreating army, capturing some prisoners; 18th. participated in a charge, routing the enemy, at Sugar Creek, Ark. ; 20th marched to Cross Hollows ; March 5 fell back to Pea Ridge ; was engaged on the 7th and lost 10 killed and 40 wounded; 19th moved to Keetsville; April 10 arrived at Forsyth; 29th moved to West Plains; May 1st started for Batesville; 14th moved to Little Red River. June 4 fell back to Fairview ; on the 7th Capt. Sparks with 66 men was surrounded by 200 of the enemy, he cut his way out, losing 4 wound ed and 4 prisoners; June 11 to Jacksonport; July 5 to Helena, and moved to Memphis in the spring of 1863. They took part in the bat tles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River Bridge, and siege of Vicksburg; also Vermillionyille, Opelousas and Carrion Crow Bayou; participated in battles of Tupelo, Okolona and Guntown. Aug. 21 it took part in repulsing Gen. Forrest's attack on Memphis. Took part in the battles of Lawrenceburg, Spring Hill, Campbellsville and Franklin. In May moved to St. Louis, thence to St. Paul, Minn. July 4 started on an Indian expedition. Returned to Springfield, 111., Oct. 13/65, and was mustered out of service. Lieutenant-Colonel. A. B. Kirkbride, e. Sept. 21/61 as 2d Lieut., pro. 1st Lieut. Dec. 31/61; Capt. May 12,- '62; Major April 29/65;'Lieut-Col. Julyl, '65; m. o. Oct. 10/65. COMPANY H. Captains. Ed. Rutledge, e. Sept. 21/61, res. Dec. 31/61. T. G. McClelland, e. Sept. 21/61, as 1st Lieut., pro. Capt. Dec. 31/61, died May U/62. 388 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. First Lieutenant. G. H. Horton, e. Aug. 12/61, as sergt., pro. 2d Lieut. Dec. 31/61; 1st Lieut. May 12/62; res. May 22/65. Second Lieutenants. W. A. Kirkpatrick, e. Aug. 13/61, died Jan. 7 '63 R. G.' Zimmerman, e. Aug. 13/61, m. u. Sept. 5 '64. Sergeant. J. G McClelland, e. Aug. 13/61. Coiporals. J. M. Onion, e. Aug. 13/61, v., pro. sergt., then 1st Lieut. E. Thompson, e. Aug. 13/61. Noah Rawley, e. Aug. 13/61, d. W. Lamprell, e. Aug. 13/61, d. July 30/62, dis. J. M. Dobson, e. Aug. 13/61. G Galllher, e. Aug. 13/61, v., pro. 1st Lieut Co. I. .Farrier. Randall Black, e. Sept. 22/61. • Blacksmith. 3. V. Dobson, e. Sept. 22/61, m. o. Sept. 5/64. Wagoner. G. Thornburg, e. Aug. 13/61, v., m. u. Oct. 10/65. Privates. Bias. Joseph, e. Aug. 13/61, v., m. o. Oct. 10/65. Barnes, W. P., e. Aug. 18/61, died at St. Louis. Barnes, Robt., e. Sept. 6/61, v., m. o. Oct. 10/65. Breeden, B. G., e. Aug. 13/61. Detrick, W. N., e. Aug. 13/61, v., m. o. Oct. 10/65. Hughes, N. P., e. Aug. 13/61. Henderson, H. H., e. Sept. 21/61. Kingery, W. H., e. Aug. 13/61, v., pro. sergt., then 2d Lieut. Lamprell, Thos., e. Aug. 13/61. McNeil, Joseph, e. Aug. 28/61. McBride, Alex., e. Aug. 13/61, d. April 12/62, dis. Roberts, Garrett, e. Aug. 13/61, d. for dis. Turner, J. S., e. Aug. 13/61, d. for dis. Atkinson, P., e. Feb. 22/64, m..o. Oct. 10/65. Bias, J., e. Aug. 13/61, died Sept. 30/62. Stockwell, J., e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. COMPANY' I. Quartermaster Sergeant. J. C. Phillips, e. Mar. 10/65, m. u. Oct. 10/65. Commissary Sergeant. J. McNeil, e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Sergeants. T. T. Barron, e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. A. B. Bryan, e. Mar. 3/65, m. o. Oct, 10/65. Corporals. E. Harbert, e. Mar. 15/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. B. A. Swisher, e. Mar. 3/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Privates. Barnes, James, e. Mar. 15/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Gorsage, G. R., e. Mar. 3/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Kindred, Geo., e. Mar. 10/65. Mahan, M., e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Perkins, H., e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Robert, J. W., e. Mar. 15/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Shields, J. W., e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Settles, G., e. Mar. 15/65, m. o. Oct. 10/65. Towns, L., e. Mar. 9/65. m. o. Oct. 10/65. Beaman, J., e. April 4/65, in Co. K. Bohle, Andrew V„ e. Mar. 9/65, in Co. K. Leonard, Levi, e. Mar. 4/65, in Co. K. Sloate, A. W., e. Mar. 15/65, in Co. K. Bradford, J., e. Feb. 1/64, in Co. E, 5th Cav. Mathews, M., e. April 28/64; in Co. E, 5th Car 1st Lieut. J. J. Adams, e. Oct. 12/61, in Co. E' 5th Cav. 7th CAVALRY. Colonel. William Pitt Kellogg, e. Sept. 8/61, res. June 1/62. Major. H. G Nelson, e. Aug. 20/61, res. June 22/63. Adjutants. S. Stockdale, e. Jan. 30/62, m. o. May 24/62. A. W. Head, e. Oct. 1/61, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Gallentine, W. P., e. Aug. 10/61, in Co. D, 7th Cav. Gallentine, G W., e. Aug. 10/61, in Co. D, 7th Cav., died Feb. 22/64, wnds. COMPANY K. Captain. J. P. Herring, e. Aug. 20/61, m. o. Nov. 4/64. First Lieutenant. J. W. Maxwell, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Nov. 30/61. Second Lieutenant. A. B. Hulit, e. Aug. 20/61, res. April 24/62. .First Sergeant. P. Slaughter, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Quartermaster Sergeant. P. M. Binnix, e. Aug. 24/61, m. 0. Oct. 15/64. Sergeants. G. B. Baylor, e. Aug. 24/61, d. Mar. 26/63, wnds. L. G. Hamlin, e. Aug. 24/61, pro. com. sergt. A. Garabrant, e. Aug. 24/61, died Jan. 15/64, while pris. of war at Richmond, Va. Corporals. J. Carlton, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. J. Seery, e. Aug. 24/61, d. Jan. 2/63, dis. J. M. Pallison, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. May 15/65, pris. war. J. Shriner, e. Aug. 24/61, v. pro. 2d Lieut, then 1st Lieut., m. o. Nov. 4/65. B. Kimble, e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65, sergt. D. B. Spencer, e. Aug. 24/61, v. pro. com. sergt. m. o. Nov. 4/65. J. Coykendall, e. Aug. 24/61, died Mar. 6/62. E. Weed, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Bugler. T. J. Ellis, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct 15/64. Farrier. J. Anton, e. Aug. 24/61, d. April 1/63, dis. Saddler. P. Small, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Privates. Anderson, Eric, e. Aug. 24/61, d. April 7/63, Arrindale, T., e. Aug.24/61, v. m. o. Nov. */«¦ Ball, Henry, e. Aug. 24/61, died of wnds. Oct. Bell, W. P., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4 '65. Berkshire, J. H., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. ,. . ,.,e, Clinton, B., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15, 64. Cockrill, M., e. Aug. 24/61, kid. Mar-M, «¦ Deford, T., e. Aug. 24/61, d. June 4, 62, ens. Drake, J. M„ e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4, 65. Fitch, G. L., e. Aug. 24/61, died of wnds. June Fillingham, J. F., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. Floyd'fj'. wfe. Aug, 24/61, v. m. o, Nov 4/ffi Freemale, Geo., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov, «, '65, sergt. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 389 Fuller, B., e. Aug. 24/61, d. Apnl 1/63 ,du. Greenslit, E„ e. Aug. 24/6, m.o. Oct. 15/64. Hall, J. D„ e. Aug. 24/61, d. June 14/62, dis. Handley, W. H., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15,64. Hamil, D. A., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15, 64. Harper, J., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o, Oct. 15/64, Harper, John, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Head, J. G„ e, Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64, 0, M. sergt. _ ,. ,, ,„, Hesch, Peter, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Hill, G. H., e. Aug, 24/61, m. 0. Nov. 2/64. Hornig, Thos., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Hornstein, J. G-, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Sept. 10/64. Hopgood, T. J., e. Aug. 24/61, died June 30/62. Jayne, Henry, e. Aug. 24/61, pro, 2d Lieut. Johnston, J. P., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Knot, J. N., e. Aug. 24/61, d. Sept. 27/62, dis. Malony, J. B., e. Aug. 24/61, d. Nov. 27/62, dis. Messier, N. R, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Metcalf, Thos., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. McMillen, W., e. Aug. 24/61, died Jan. 20/62. Moran, G. W., e. Aug. 24/61, died Jan. 22/64. Neff, J. B„ e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Reitch, Alex., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o.Oct. 15/64. Wellington, H., e. Mar. 22/65, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Webster, J. H., e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. Nov. 4/65, corpl. Rankin, E. M., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Apiill2, '65, pris. war. Roberts, Wm., e. Aug. 24/61, v. pro. 2d Lieut, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Robinson, H., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65, sergt. Robinson, J., e. Aug. 24/61, missed in action. Rooks, E., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65. Rosin, Levi, e. Aug. 24/61, died May 20/62. Riegel, Jacob, e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65. Sanders, H. C, e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Shackelford, J. B., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. 8pencer, J., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Stevenson, E., e. Aug. 24/61, d. Feb. 5/63, dis. Stevenson, T., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Stickler, J., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65. Switzer, J., e. Aug. 24/61, died Jan. 19/62. Traphagen, P. 8., e. Aug. 24/61. Varner, W. P., e. Aug. 24/61, v. m. o. Nov. 4/65. Wilcox, Alex. W., e. Aug. 24/61, m. o. Feb. 15, '65, pris. war. Wyckoff, W. P., e. Aug. 24/61, died of wnds. June 22/63. Wilson, J., e. Aug. 24/61, pris. war. Ball, David, e. Dec. 26/63, m.o. July 17/65, pris. war. Bagley, H. C, e. Mar. 16/64, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Clutts, B. F. J., e. Mar. 16/64, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Corwin, E. H., e. Mar. 28/64, m. o. Nov. 4/65. corpl. Fogg, D W., B. Mar. 9/65, m. o. Nov. 4/65, corpl. Hale, J. J. e. Mar. 3/63, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Harper Thos e. Mar. 22/64, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Lamaster, H. C, e. Feb, 22/64, pris. war, died about June 1/65. Porter, H. G., e. Mar. 14/64, m. u. Nov. 4/65, corpl. ' ' Pitman, R. E., e. Mar. 17/64, m. o. Sept. 25/65. Roberts, A, e. Feb. 10/65, m. o. Nov. 4/65. T?tT% ™W- ei MaT- 22''65- m- °- Nov- 4/65. wS£ n ^-' e' ,Jan- 23''64' m- °- N°v- V65. Wolfe, G. S., e. fan. 20/64, m. o. Nov. 4/65. COMPANY 1. Privates. oJIT'tM- D- eiSePl- 1''6!' m- °- Sept .27/64. sei'f .H-' e' Sept- 1''61' m- °' °ct- 15,'64, . e.Sept 1/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64, corpl. Huffman, Wm., e. Sept. 1/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64, corpl. Harris, W. R., e. Sept. 1/61, d. Mar. 3/62, dis. Post, G. R., e. Sept. 1/61, died at Anderson ville prison, Sept. 20/64, No. of grave 9602. Powelson, S. P., e. Sept. 1/64, m. o. Sept. 27/64. Rogers, D. G., e. Sept. 1/61, v. m. o. Nov. 5/65. Waters, E., e. Sept. 1/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Atkinson, Alex. P., e. Nov. 2/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Barnes, A. L., e. Mar. 3/65, m. o. Nov. 4/65. Daley, Geo., e. Nov. 2/61. Horn, Conrad, e. Mar. 1/65, died May 4/65. Lindsay, J. J., e. Nov. 2/61, m. o. Sept. 2/64, wnds. McMiens, D., e. Feb. 4/64, m. o. Nov, 4/65. Patton, J., e. Nov. 2/61, m. o. Oct. 15/64. Blates, G., e. Mar. 20/65, d. May 31/65. Bates, G. W., e. Jan. 4/64, died Mar. 4/64. Burns, A. L., e. Mar, 3/65. Ford, Levi, e. Dee. 26/63, died. Drury, W. E., e. Feb. 8/65, Co. E, 9th Cav. Jefferson, J., e. Feb. 8/65, Co. E, 9th Cav. Roop, Wm., e. Oct. 6/61, Co. K, 9th Cav. Harkness, E., e. Dec. 12/61, Co. L, 9th Cav.,pro. 2d Lieut. Downing, P., e. Jan. 8/64, m. u. Nov. 22/65. 11th CALVARY. This regiment was recruited in the fall and winter of 1861, and reported at Camp Mather, Peoria. The regiment left for the field Feb ruary 22, 1862, and participated in the battle of Shiloh. After the evacuation of Corinth, the regiment was assigned by detachments to service between that place and Memphis; was engaged at Lexington, December 18, 1862, when 46 of their number, with the Colonel, fell into the hands of the enemy. The regiment remained in West Tennessee till September, 1863, doing -good work among the guerrillas. After this they operated in the country between the Big Black and Pearl rivers, and on the Yazoo, ren dering that country untenable for the John nies. The regiment veteranized in December, ' 1864. They participated in Sherman's grand march through Mississippi. During the sum mer of 1864, they were in many skirmishes and raids. November and December were with General Osborne, in the raid against the Mis sissippi Central Railroad; reached Vicksburg on December 5; moved to Memphis in Jan uary, 1865 ;' joined in Grierson's raid ; was en gaged at Egypt Station; after this raided in Arkansas and Louisiana, and did guard duty on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad. It was mustered out at Memphis, Tenn., Septem ber 30th, and arrived at Peoria October 12, 1865. COMPANY A. iifajor. D. J. Waggoner, e. Oct. 25/61, res. June 5/63. Sergeant. Jacob Miller, e. Oct. 8/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Privates. Blodgett, Geo., e. Feb. 22/65. m. o.Sept. 30/65. Howard, A., e. Feb. 24/66, died April 28/65. 390 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Ringland, M., e. Mar. 15/65, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Shaw, Noah, e. March 9/65, m. o. July 14/65. Turner, J., e. Feb. 22/65, m. o. July 14/65. Vandershot, A. L., e. March 1/65, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Williams, J., e. Mar. 10/65, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Williams, James, e. Feb. 22/65. Williams, Z., e. Mar. 9/65, m. o. July 14/65. COMPANY B. Captain. S. G Burbridge, e. Dec. 20/61, pro. Major, m. u. Dec. 19/64. First Lieutenant. F. G Worden, e. Dec. 20/61, res. May 23/62. Second Lieutenant. C. L. Bancroft, e. Dec. 20/61, pro. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Sergeants. G.W. Hunter, e. Sept. 7/61, pro. 2d Lieut, then Capt, then Maj., m. o. Sept. 30/65. P. Saine, e. Sept. 4/61, d. '62, dis. A. W. Dunn, e. Sept. 4/61, v. pro. 1st Lieut., then Capt., m. o. Sept. 30/65. W. B. Schall, e. Sept. 21/61, m. o. Dec. 19/64. A. E. Montgomery, e. Sept. 7/61, V. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Corporals. J. S. Dunmire, e. Sept. 5/61, v., died of wnds., Mar. 1/64.. M. V. B. Goshen, e. Aug. 31/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. DeW. G Hunt, e. Sept. 7/61, died Oct. 15/62. L. P. Richards, e. Sept. 7/61, d. Oct. 7/62, dis. J. Gregg, e. Sept. 7/61. Bugler. J. Woodruff, e. Sept. 7/61. Farrier. J. B. Shinn, e. Sept. 24/61, v., pro. vet. surg. Blacksmith. E. O. Capp, e. Sept. 5/61, d. Dec. 24/62, wnds. Wagoner. G. H. Pancake, e. Sept. 7/61, d. July25/62, dis. Privates. Brown, A. V., e. Sep"t 7/61, v. m.o. Sept. 30/65. Brown, E., e. Oct. 14/61, m. o. Dec. 19/64. Brown, M. L., e. Nov. 24/61, m. o. Dec. 19/64. Burbridge, D., e. Sept. 5/61. Butler, Wm., e. Sept 3/61, d. May 18/62, dis. Beard, Thos., e. Sept. 7/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Bishop, Geo., e. Nov. 2/61, m. o. Dec. 19/64. Carman, J., e. Sept. 9/61. Crawl, W., e. Sept. 3/61, d. Aug. 31/62, dis. Cunningham, J. H., e. Sept. 17/61. Cullison.N. G, e. Sept. 23/61, died April— '62. Capps, J. H., e. Oct. 15/61, died June — '62. Calvert, D. M., e. Aug. 31/61, v. m. o. Sept 30/65. Dixon, J., e. Sept. 17/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. French, E., e. Nov. 9/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Grayson, J., e. Sept. 4/61, d. June — '62. Hall, W. N., e. Sept. 5/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Hirst, D. J., e. Sept. 7/61, d. Dec. 19/64. Hilligoss, W. H., e. Sept. 25/61. Hilligoss, E. G.,e. Nov. 4/61. Jackson, J., e. Sept. 9/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Keel, P. E., e. Sept. 9/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Kelly, Robt, e. Sept. 17/61, m. o. Dec. 19/64. Lefler, Geo., e. Sept. 2/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65, sergt. Lambert, O. P., c. Dec. 3/61, v. m. o. July 21, '65, corpl. McLane, Alex., e. Sept. 7/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30, '65, corpl. McKinney, J., e. Sept. 7/61. d. July —'62, dis. Meeks, J. H., e. Aug. 31/61,v. pro. sergt., then 2d Lieut, and 1st Liuut, m. o. Sept. 30/65. , McCoy, Hugh, <=. Sept. 4/61, v. m. o. Sept 30 i '65, sergt. ' McKeigham, Wm., e. Sept. 26/61, d. July— '62 dis. Munhall, T. T., e. Sept. 9/61, v. pro. serat then 2d Lieut, then Capt. Co, D mo Sept. 30/65. Oliver, J., e. Nov. 9/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65 Proctor, J., e. Sept. 9/61. Pettit, H. R., e. Oct. 8/61, d. Aug. 31/62, dis Pardun, J. R., e. Sept. 3/61, v. d. Aug. 4 '65 Phillips, J., e. Dec. 11/61, died May 30/62 Randall, J., e. Sept. 4/61, died. . Sanford, M., e. Sept. 4/61, m.,o. Dee. 17/64.' Stokoe, J., e. Sept. 5/61, d. July U/62, dis. Thatcher, J., e. Sept. 9/61, died Aug. 11/62. Tanner, H., e. Sept. 5/61, died Oct. 10/62. Tunks, Benj., e. Sept. 7/61, died July 2/62. Venable, G, e. Dec. 14/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30 '65, sergt. Westby, Wm., e. Sept. 12/61, v. m. o. Sept 30, '65. Westby, J. G, e. Sept 12/61, v. m. o. Sent 30/65. Welch, E., Nov. 12/61, v. m. o. Sept. 30/65. Bostwick, W. E., e. Dec. 21/63, m. o. Sept' 30/65. Baker, M., e. Mar. 24/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Bryan, Q. V., e. Mar. 25/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Bostwick, G. H., e. Jan. 18/64, kid. Aug. 15/65. Bird, S., e. Feb. 19/62, died Feb. '63. Cole, J. S., e. Dec. 11/63, m. o. Sept 30/65. Collings, H. W., e. Dec. 1/63, m. o. Sept 30/65. Cunningham, T. H., e. Mar. 15/64. Crouse, D. W., e. Dec. 1/63, m. o. June 16/65, pris. war. Dalton, A.,- e. Dec. 17/63, m. o. Sept. 26/65. Erford, G. D., e. Mar. 14 '64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Frank, M. K., e. Mar. 31/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Ficklin, Wm., e. Dec. 11/63, died of wnds. April 10/64. Glass, W. L., e. Mar. 31/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Hunter, W. T., e. Dec. 19/63, m.o. Sept. 30/65. Harper, R., e. Dec. 11/63, m. o. Sept 30/65. Hoffman, P. P., e. Mar. 28/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Jordan, J. G, e. Jan. 26/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65, Kenyon, Benj., e. Jan. 16/64, died Sept. 11/65. Kerr, L. e. Aug. 15/62, d. Nov. 17/62. Lefler, S., e. Feb. 2/65, m. o. Sept. SO/65. Lance; J. W., e. Mar. 26/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Lee, J., e. Mar. 28/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. ¦ McClure, H. S., e. Mar.28/64, m. o. Sept 30, 65. Miller, Amos, e. Dec. 17/63, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Miller, A., e. Dec. 26/63, m. 0. Sept. 30/65. Morse, M., e. Dec. 26/68, m. o. Sept. SO/65. Morse, H. D., e. Mar. 28/64, m. o. Sept. SO, 65. Montgomery, J. S., e. Jan. 1/64, m. o. Sept. 26/65. „„,„ McCann, A., e. Jan. 21/64, m. o. Sept. 30, 65. Morton, J. M., e. Mar. 26/64, m. o. Sept 30, 65. Phillips, E., e. Mar. 28/64, m. 0. Sept, 30,65. Payne, J. N., e. Dec. 29/63, m. o. Sept. ,30, 65. Powell, W., e. Jan. 14/64, m. o. Sept. 30,65. Pancake, D. G, e. Dec. 21/63, m. o. Sept «, »• Starr, J., e. Mar. 28/64, m. o. Sept. 80/66. Thomas, A. O., e. Dec. 1/63, m.o. Sept. 30,65. Taylor, Alex, e. Dec. 26/64, m. o. Sept 30, ra. Taggett, J. W„ e. Dec. 17/63, died July 15, «¦ Winn, J., e. Jan. 4/64, m. o. Sept. 30/65. Westby, W. H., e. Mar. 31/64, m: o. Sept. 30, to. Wilson, Wm., e. Mar. 25/64. , . Williams, J., e. Sept. 2/61, m. o. Sept 80, »¦ Wooden, J. L., e. Feb. 24/62, m. o. Sept. 3U, w- Clayberg, P., e. Mar. 8/65, m. o. July 15, 66. Harnish, W. A. G, e. Mar. 8/65, m. o. Sept. 30>'65- ¦ t , 1C.SH Kent, E. Y., <=. Mar. 8/65, m. o. July 15, »¦ COMPANY G. Captain. J. R. Coykendall, e. Dec. 20/61, res. Feb.l6/W. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 391 First Lieutenant. L. B. Willard, e. Dec. 20/61, res. May 28/63. Sergeants. C. G. Mathenv. e. Oct. 4/61, v., m. u. July 14,65. Wm. Chambers, e. Oct. 4/61. Corporals. J. Gustin, e. Oct. 1/61, v., ni. o. July 14/65. Wm. E.Haines, e. Nov. 4/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. T. Shores, e. Oct. 4/61, m. o. July 14,'6o. Privates. Brown, G„ e. Sept. 28/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Bennett, H., e. Oct. 4/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Brown, W. H„ e. Oct 21/61, v.,m.o. July 14,65. Brewer, G. W., e. Oot. 20/61, v., m. o. July 14, '65, sergt. Baughman, S., e. Nov. 1/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Beadles, W. W., e. Oct 4/61, v., m. u. July 14/65. Connor, T., e. Oct. 19/61, v., ni. o. July 14/65. Carter, J. P., e. Oct. 19/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. France, W. T., e. Nov. 15/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Gregory, J., e. Oct. 19/61. Gray, W. 0., e. Nov. 4/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Harlow, J., e. Oct. 1/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Hardy, S. R. 0., e. Oct. 28/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. HannonrM., e. Oct. 7/61, v., m. o. Julv 14/65. Jones, G. W., e. Oct 19/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Johnson, A. S. e. Oct. 4/61, v., m.o. July 14/65. Locke, E. M., e. Oct. 7/61, v., m. 0. July 14/65. Pixley, W.H.,e. Oct. 3/61, v., m.o. Julv 14/65. Pells, P. M„ e. Oct. 15/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Robinson, J. W. e. Oct. 25/61, v., m. o. July . 14/65. Spenny, G„ e. Nov. 25/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Todd, J. W., e. Dec. 8/61, v., m. o. July 14/65. Baughman, P. S., e. Dec. 2/61, v., burned to death during the burning of Columbia, S. C, Feb. 19/65. Barber, J. B., e. Mar. 24/62, v., m.o. July 14/65. Clark, J. T., e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. Aug. 1/65, was pris. Hughes, T., e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. Aug. 28/65. Kelly, J„ e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. Julv 14/65. Maxwell, D., e. Feb. 8/64/ m. o. July 14/65. Johnson, M., e. Dec. 16/63, m. o. July 14/65. Krenzan, A., e. Feb.. 15/64, died Aug. 8/64. Noakes, G. V., e. Dec. 16/63, m. o. Julv 14/65. Nelson, Thos., e. Nov. 6/61, v., m. o. July 14, '65, corpl. Pixley, T„ e. Dec. 16/68, m. o. July 14/65. Pearson, B. A,, e. Jan. 2/62, v., m. o. July 14/65. Rupe, M. B.. e. Dec. 16/63, m. o. July 14/65. Stearns, A. W., e. Dec. 16/63, m. o. July 14/65. Strosnidef, J. IC, e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. July 14/65. Venters, A„ e. Feb. 12/64, m. o. July 14/65. Wilson, G. B„ e. Dec. 16/63, m. o. July 14/65. workman. J., e. Feb. 18/64, m. o. July 14/65. Brant, D. 8., e. Nov. 17/61, v., Co. I. DeCamp, J. T., e. Nov. 15/61, died Jan, 12/64. Tonrdot, L„ e. Oct. 14/61, v., Co. I. Dowdy, H. C, e. Jan. 25/64, Co. K, Uth cav. Lucas, F. M., e. Mar. 28/64, Co. K. Lindsay J. H., e. Dec. 11/63. died Oct. 14/64. MfK^han. J- K, e. April 23/64, Co. K. Wilson, T. B„ e. Mar. 15/65, Co. M, Uth cav. 12th CAVALRY. Captain. J. E. Kimberly, e. Dec. 31/61, Co. A, d. Nov. 27/62, ill health. COMPANY D. Corporals. J. B. Wynn, e. Feb. 24/61. A. K. Morris, e. Feb. 24/61. Privates. McCleau, C. W., e. Dec. 20/61. Mohler, A. J., e. Feb. 24, ,62, v. Morris, A. K., e. Feb. 24/62. McCov, M., e. Mar. 2/62. Stanley, O. B. Currier. S. G., e. Dec. 18/63, died Feb. 12/64. Dayis, -A., e. June 10/62, m. o. June 13/65. -Reed, F. M., e. Dec. 4/63. Murry, John, e. Oct. 7/61, Co. D, 13th Cav. Stillman, J. R., e. Dec. 29/63, Co. A, Uth Cav. Haines, T. W., e. Sept. 20/62, 14th Cav., died at Andersonville prison, July 3/64, No. of grave, 2,835. Wansell, Wm., e. Oct. 5/62, Co. M, 14th Cav. 15th CAVALRY. COMPANY G. Sergeant. A. J. Mills, e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Privates. Grossman, J., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Crossman, D., e. Sept. 6/61, died June 25/62. Fowler, H. M., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Howard, W. H„ e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Howard, G F., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Hearsfield, Wm., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Hammond, G. W., e. Sept. 6/61, d. June 7/62. Harmon, E., e. Sept 6/61. Jacobs, A„ e. Sept. 6/61, d. May 21/62. Jayne, G. D., e. Sept. 6/61, d. July 10/62. Jayne, W. M., e. Sept. 6/61, d. A| ril 25/62. Mills, T. J., e. Sept. 6/61, d. Feb. 3/62. Mulerts, G H., e. Sept. 6/61, d. July 10/62. McGrath, G, e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Nelson. D. H., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Sizer, J., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o. Oct. 31/64. Senn, G G., e. Sept. 6/61, m. o, Oct. 31/64. ARTILLERY. Merchant, F. M., e. July 28/62, in Battery M, 1st, trans, to V. R. G Ashworth, G W., e. May 26/61, in Battery A, 2nd, m. o. July 27/65, v. Craig, A. G, e. April 23/61, in Battery A, 2nd, died of wnds. May 1/62. Myers, J. W., e. Sept. 10/62, in Battery A, 2nd, m. o. Sept. 14/64. Beverly, Cassius, e. Feb. 15/64, in Battery C, 2d, died Dec. 29/64. Smith, F. M., e. Mar. 31/64, in Battery D, 2nd, m. o. July 14/65. German, Simeon, e. Jan. 2/64, in Cogswell's Battery, m. o. Aug. 14/65. German, W. J., e. April. 1 '64, in Cogswell's Battery. CHAPTER XIV. THE BAR OF FULTON COUNTY. PIONEER COURTS. The Circuit Court of Fulton county held its first term, according to the records of that Court, April 26, 1824. The County Com missioners' Court selected grand and petit juries July 5, 1823, to serve at the October term of the Circuit Court of that year; but there are no records of a Court being held at that time, or during that year. In making inquiries in order to harmonize the two records if possible, we asked an old settler abnut it. He said that "either the Judge had the ague or too many of the jurymen had moved away : there wasn't enough to hold Court." It must be remembered that in those days jurymen were not as plentiful as they are now. Every settler for miles around was either on the grand or petit jury, or being engaged as defendant, prosecutor or witness in a trial, and great difficulty was experienced in finding a sufficient number to sit upon the juries. When it was found that more jurymen were needed, it was the task of days to subpoena them. The first grand jury for the first term of the Circuit Court were composed of the following pioneers: Ossian M. Ross, foreman, John Wolcott, David Gallintin, Jeremiah Smith, Elijah Putman, Urban Eyalds, Hazael Putman, Reuben Fenner, William Clark, Stephen Chase, James Johnson, Roswell Tyrrell, Thomas Eveland, Lyman Tracy, Theodore Sergeant, Roswell B. Fenner, Joseph Ogee- and Robert Grumb. John Reynolds was the first^ Judge. Although a member of the Supreme Court, he did Circuit duty. The members of the Supreme Court held Court throughout the State. Judge Reynolds was afterwards State Governor. The Judge appointed Hugh R. Colter as Clerk. The first case upon the docket was an "appeal from a Justice s judgment," but as to the nature of the trial the records are silent. It was a case between Elias P. Avery and John Totten, and was dismissed by the Judge, each party paying his own cost. Grand and petit juries were selected for the October term, 1824, but no Judge came : consequently no court was held. We suppose there were no urgent cases on the docket. Indeed, the greatest num ber of trials for several years were for assault and battery.. It J8 aJj undisputable fact that the pioneers would fight.' They were robbed HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 393 of the pleasures afforded in older settled communities, aud engaged in hand-to-hand encounters more as recreation or amusement, than taking revenge upon their fellow men. There was not another term of the Court held until Nov. 10, 1825, when the old pioneer Judge, Hon. John York Sawyer, presided. Judge Sawyer was one of those early judges who had no finely fur nished and fitted room in which to hold Court. It was the humble cabin, or plain board building, in which this able Judge presided. He has been known to hold Court upon the bank of the Mackinaw river in Tazewell county. He was a man eminently suited to the times. John Twing, Attorney General pro tern., acted as Prosecuting Attorney at this term, and Stephen Dewey Clerk. Ossian M. Ross officiated as Sheriff. ' These were efficient and able men, and during that day dispensed justice and attended to their official duties with the promptness and ability of any later period of Fulton county's history. At this term of the Circuit Court Hugh R. Colter was ad mitted to the practice of law, which undoubtedly places him as the first lawyer of Fulton county, as he was the first in many other things. He never applied himself for any length of time, however, to the legal profession. This was the First Circuit at that time, and extended throughout the northern part of the State. A few years later it was changed to the Fifth and included all the country in the Military Tract, even the counties of Cook and Jo Daviess. Fulton county remained in the Fifth Judicial District until 1873, when the Circuits were re arranged and this was assigned to the Eleventh District, including the counties of Fulton, McDonough, Pike, Schuyler and Brown. While the surroundings of the pioneer Court were rude, and scarcely had been transformed from the wilderness in which the Indians had but recently left them, yet the dignity of the Court must be preserved ; and the shortest term of confinement ever given an individual in this county, or in any other that we ever heard of, was inflicted upon Charles Turner Oct. 16, 1830, for contempt. Upon that day he was sentenced by the Judge to be confined to the county jail for two hours. The order was executed and Mr. Turner was placed behind the prison bars for that short period of time. The following incident is related by a veteran lawyer which very forcibly illustrates the difference in the customs of the by-gone days and the present time. He was in attendance upon the Circuit Court at Lewistown for the first time. The Honorable Judge and six other attorneys besides himself were obliged to occupy one room at the hotel, for during Court the landlords generally had every avail able spot in their small buildings occupied. These times were a rich harvest for them. The Judge and the other legal gentlemen passed their evenings at playing cards. While they no doubt en gaged in the games for pastime, yet they made them the more interesting by playing for money. Poker seemed to have been the game preferable. They also had a bottle, which, besides holding a 394 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. liquid very palatable to them, they utilized as a candlestick, put ting the lighted candle in its mouth. Imagine the spectacle, will you, of the Judge of your Court with half a dozen of your leading lawyers^ sitting around such a table. Well, one night while our friend, who it seems did not care to indulge in the social glass and game> was snoozing, he was awakened by a loud report, caused by the explosion of the bottle. He found the entire party considerably excited and quarreling, accusing each other of stealing money. Let us hurriedly draw the curtain before such a scene. COURT DAYS. Among the notable days in the early history of the county was Court day. The convening of Court was one of the events of the year. Upon that day nearly everybody gathered at the county- seat. If a settler happened not to be on a jury, or a witness, or a suitor, he felt it'his bounden duty to "go to Court," to see and hear what was'i going on. It answered the place of shows and circuses of a later day, and perhaps was as instructive, if not as entertain ing. Lawyers in those pioneer times traveled from county to county throughout the Circuit, no one point having business enough to justify a good lawyer to- spend all his time there. When Court was over in the evening, the Judge, lawyers and citizens would con gregate in the bar-rooms of the taverns, especially at Truman Phelps' hotel, where stories were told and the evening spent in con versation. These seasons were accounted the most enjoyable of pioneer life ; and when we consider the men who were there to edify and please the crowd with their stories and anecdotes, we may well consider Court days as possessing an interest of no little merit. There were Lincoln and Douglas, two of the greatest statesmen the world has ever known, aud both of whom possessed an inexhaustr ible fountain of anecdotes. It is said that the immense fund of anecdotes possessed by the late President Lincoln was largely derived from collections made while " on the Circuit." Then there were Richardson, Walker, Baker, McDougal, Young, Browning, Bushnell and others, who could relate as good a story as ever was listened to. Who would not love to sit at the feetof such men and listen to their arguments, their general conversation and their stories ? CIRCUIT JUDGES. Of the Judges who have presided at the Circuit Court in this county from ifs organization to the present time we give brief per sonal sketches. Hon. John Reynolds was a native of Pennsylvania, of Irish descent, and was reared amid pioneer associations and imbibed the characteristics, manners and customs of the pioneers. He disliked polish, condemned fashion, and was addicted to inordinate pro fanity. These, garnished by his varied reading, a native shrewd- -:% STATES ATTORNEY HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 397 ness and a wonderful faculty of garrulity, make him, considering the high offices he held, one of the public oddities of Illinois. He was one of the Justices of the Supreme Court when he held court at Lewistown. Hon. John Y. Saioyer. By the Constitution the terms of office of the Supreme Judges were to expire with the close of the year 1824. The Legislature re-organized the judiciary by creating both Circuit and Supreme Courts. The State was divided Into five judicial circuits, providing two terms of court annually in each county. The salaries of the Circuit Judges were fixed at $600. Judge Sawyer was the first Circuit Judge to hold court in this county. He was chosen for the First Circuit. Hon. Richard M. Young was appointed Judge of this Circuit in 1828 and remained in the office till January, 1837, when he resigned to accept a seat in the U. S. Senate. Judge Young was a native of Kentucky, and was one of the first settlers of Northern Illinois. He ranked high in his profession, and his counsels did much to shape the'^policy of the State. In his manners he was gentle, courteous and entertaining, which qualities rendered him attractive and pop- alar. He was generous in his feelings and liberal in his views; pos sessed liberal endowment of intellectual ability and literary and le gal acquirements, and these, with his other qualifications, admirably fitted him for the post he was called to fill. He died from insanity. Hon. James H. Ralston, a native of Kentucky, was elected by the Legislature in 1 837, and in August of the same year he resigned on account of his health, with a view of going to Texas, whither he went but soon returned to Quincy. In 1840 he was elected State Senator. In 1846 President Polk appointed him Assistant Quar termaster of the U. S. army.. Having discharged his duties faith fully during the war with Mexico, he returned home and soon after Jmigfated to California. Hon. Peter Lott, a native of New York, was elected the successor }f James Ralston, and continued in the office until January, 1841. Be was, subsequently appoipted Clerk of the Circuit Court of Adams 30unty, and served until 1852; he then went to California and was ippointed Superintendent of the U. S. Mint in San Francisco by President Pierce, and was removed in 1857 by President Buchanan, md afterwards moved to Kansas and lived in humble life. -Hon. Stephen A. Douglas was elected Judge by the Legislature in 1841. The life and career of this great man is so well and widely known as to render any extended notice of him useless. It is suf ficient to say that the circumstances upon which he entered upon the iuties of his office were such as to thoroughly try the scope of his ibility. The Circuit was large; the previous incumbent of the iffice had left the "docket" loaded with unfinished "cases," but he was more than equal to the task. He " cleaned out the docket " with that dispatch and ability which distinguished his subsequent :ourae; and so profound was the impression be made upon the 25 398 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. people that, in the first Congressional election which occurred after he was established in his character as Judge, he received nomination as a member of Congress, and was elected. Hon. Jesse B. Thomas was appointed in Aug., 1843, and continued to hold the position until 1845, when he resigned. Judge Thomas possessed high legal abilities and acquirements, and discharged the duties of his office with honor to himself and to the satisfaction of the people. After his resignation he was appointed to another Cir cuit and soon after died. He was a delegate to Congress from Indi ana as early as 1808. His district was what are now the States of Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Michigan. He was one of the first U. S. Senators of Illinois. Hon. Nornian H. Purple was the next incumbent of the office, He was elected in 1845 and served till May, 1 849, when he resigned. The probable cause for this was the insufficiency of salary. The people of this district were anxious to retain him as Judge, and probably would, but for the cause stated. He was distinguished for high legal abilities and executive talents, and the office was ren dered the more honorable for his having occupied it. Hon. William A. Minshall was elected in May, 1849, and contin ued to hold the office till his death, in October, 1851, although in 1850 he was cut off from this district. Judge. M. was a native of Tennessee, and came early into the State. He was an active and successful lawyer and attained distinction in his profession. Previous to his election as Judge he had been a member of the Constitutional Convention and also a member of the State Legislature. Hon. 0. C. Skinner succeeded Judge Minshall and occupied the office from May, 1851, to May, 1853, when he was elected to the Supreme Bench, and remained there till 1858, when he resigned. He was a sound, able lawyer and popular as a Judge, and gained emi nence in his position as a Judge of the Supreme Court. , Hon. Pinkney H. Walker served until his appointment, in 1858, to fill a vacancy on the Supreme Bench. In 1859 he was elected to the Supreme Court for nine years, which position he now holds. Judge Walker is a native of Kentucky and came into the State with his father among the first settlers, and located in McDonough county. He had only such advantages for obtaining his literary ac quirements as a newly settled country afforded, but a strong deter mination, added to high intellectual abilities and good health, carried him over all of the educational wants of the times, and gave him a fair position as a scholar. The same qualifications rendered him thorough as a student of law, and gave him superiority as a coun selor. His present residence is at Rushville. Hon. John S. Bailey was the succeeding incumbent of the office and served for three years. Previous to his appointment he was ^ States' Attorney for this district. He was considered a sound lawyer, and made an impartial Judge. He now resides at Macomb, and yet follows his chosen profession, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 399 Hon. Chauncey L. Higbie, of Pike county, was first elected in 1861, and was re-elected twice, each time for six years. His repu tation as an able lawyer is unquestioned and fewer appeals were made from his decisions than from any other Judge in the State. He was elected to the Appellate Court in 1877, when the present incumbent, Judge Shope, of Lewistown, was chosen. Hon. S. P. Shope. — Judge Shope, of Lewistown, was born in Mississippi but reared in Ohio. In the spring of 1839 he came to Illinois, read law with Judges Purple and Powell in Peoria, and was admitted to the Bar June 11, 1856. He first opened an office in Metamora, 111., but in a short time removed to Lewistown, where he still resides. He has had a large practice as a lawyer, not only in his own Judicial District but also in Logan, Mason and Cass coun ties. In August, 1877, he was elected Judge of this District without opposition. His thorough knowledge of law, quick comprehension and well-known impartiality render him a popular Judge. We re fer to the Judge again as a citizen of Lewistown. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. During the earliest period of the county's history the Attorney- General of the State acted as Prosecuting Attorney in Circuit dis tricts. At the time the first Court was held in this county, James Turney was Attorney-General. The following term Attorney-Gen eral Turney not being present John Twing was appointed pro tern. George Forquer was the next Attorney-General. After the expira tion of his term the Circuit was given a State's Attorney. This mode remained in vogue, although, of course the districts were often changed and cut down, until 1872, when the county was given a prosecuting attorney, who is known both as State's Attorney and County Attorney. This official is not now, as formerly, called out of the county to prosecute for the people. The Prosecuting Attorneys serving this county are as follows : Hon. Thomas Ford served for several years previous to 1835. He was possessed of high and noble qualities of manhood, a thorough student, a keen, energetic, untiring lawyer, of strict integrity and laudable aspirations, and was universally esteemed and respected. He afterwards became Judge of the northern district, and when he had become known over the State, was chosen Governor by a spon taneous movement of the people. Hon. William A. Richardson, who served till 1837. Mr. Rich ardson's personal merits and characteristics are too well known to require any delineation. His predominating traits were courage, unyielding perseverance and unvarying adherence to the cause to which he was committed. He had command of a regiment of Illi nois volunteers during the Mexican war, and in the battle of Buena "Vista his cap was carried from his head by a musket ball. He re turned home and was elected to Congress, and re-elected five times. He was also appointed Governor of Nebraska by Buchanan. 400 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, Hon. Henry L. Bryant, of Lewistown, succeeded Mr. Richardson and served until 1839. He is characterized as a gentleman of fine qualities and as an able lawyer. We shall speak personally of Mr. Bryant again in the history of the city of Lewistown. Hon. William Elliott served from January, 1839, till January 1848. He was esteemed as a worthy man, a warm friend and a good lawyer. He served in the Black Hawk war, and was wounded in a hand-to-hand conflict with a single Indian, whom he killed. He was Quartermaster in the 4th regiment during the Mexican war and served through. He returned to Lewistown and continued his practice until about 1856, when he moved upon a farm in Peoria county, near Farmington, where he died in February, 1871. Hon. Robert S. Blackwell was the successor of Mr. Elliott, and served from 1848 till 1852. Mr. Blackwell was one of the most distinguished lawyers in the State, and is the author of "Blackwell on Tax Titles." Harmon G. Reynolds. — From 1852 to 1854, Hon. Harmon G. Reynolds, of Knoxville, held the office. Mr. Reynolds was an attorney-at-law of great ability, and an active man in all beneficent enterprises. He came from Rock Island to Knoxville some time about 1851, where he practiced law, was State's Attorney and Post master, and held prominent positions in the Masonic order. He moved from Knoxville to Springfield, where he served as Grand Secretary of the order. He now resides in Kansas. William C. Goudy. — Hon. William C. Goudy, of Lewistown, suc ceeded Mr. Reynolds. Mr. Goudy was a shrewd Democratic poli tician, in earlier days, as well as a faithful servant of the people as a delegate to conventions, as a member of the State Senate, etc. As a lawyer he is accounted one of the ablest that ever practiced at the bar. He has accumulated large wealth and now resides in Chicago, where he moved in 1859. Calvin A. Warren followed Mr. Blackwell in the office. Mr. Warren served from May, 1852, until August, 1853. This gentle man was a popular, fluent speaker and successful lawyer. Hon. A. M. Craig, of Knoxville, served in 1856. He was elected to the Supreme Court a few years ago, where he still Holds a seat. Hon. John S. Bailey, of McDonough county, filled the office until September, 1858, when he resigned for a seat upon the bench. Hon. L. H. Waters was appointed by the Governor to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Bailey. He was from Macomb, and served uutil the fall of 1860. A year later he entered the army as Lieu tenant-Colonel of the 28th Illinois Infantry. Resigning, he was commissioned to raise another regiment, which he succeeded in doing and received the appointment of Colonel. This was the 84th Illinois Infantry and did excellent service under his efficient com mand. At the close of the war he returned to Macomb and prac ticed law, and about four years later moved to Missouri. He now resides at Jefferson City, that State, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 401 Thomas K Morgan was the next incumbent. Mr. Morgan was a lawyer of fine ability and ranked at the head of the bar in this part of the State. He died July 22, 1867. L. W. James, of Lewistown, was the next incumbent. Mr. James is a lawyer of more than ordinary talent and was one of the best prosecutors in the district, and is said to be one of the most brilliant young men in the State. He now resides at Peoria. Daniel Abbott. — When each county throughout the Circuit was given a prosecuting attorney, Daniel Abbott was chosen for Fulton county. He is a native of this county, having been born here May 21, 1838; commenced the study of law in 1859; was admitted to the Bar in January, 1866, and has since resided in Canton where he is engaged in the practice of law. THE BAR. The Bar of Fulton county has ever stood foremost of all in this great State. Some of the best legal minds, and fairest logicians and finest orators of the age have practiced at this Bar. ' In reviewing the Bar of the county our readers must bear in mind that as the prosperity and well-being of every community depends upon the wise interpretation, as well as upon the judicious framing, of its laws, it must follow that a record of the members of the Bar, to whom these matters are generally relegated, must form no unim portant chapter in the county's history. Upon a few principles of natural justice is erected the whole superstructure of civil law tending to relieve the wants and meet the desires of all alike. But where so many interests and counter interests are to be protected and adjusted, to the judiciary is presented many interesting and com plex problems. But change is everywhere imminent. The laws of yesterday do not compass the wants and necessities of the people of to-day. The old relations do not exist. New and satisfactory ones must be established. The discoveries in the arts and sciences ; the invention of new contrivances for labor ; the enlargement of indus trial pursuits, and the increase and development of commerce are without precedence, and the science of the law must keep pace with them all ; nay, it must even forecast events and so frame its laws as will most adequately subserve the wants and provide for the necessities of the new conditions. Hence the lawyer is a man of the day. The exigencies he must meet are those of his own time. His capital ig his ability and individuality. He cannot bequeath to his successors the characteristics that distinguished him, and at his going the very evidences of his work disappear. And In com piling this short sketch one is astonished at the paucity of material for a memoir of those who have been so intimately connected with, and who exerted such an influence upon, the county's welfare and progress. The peculiarities and the personalities which form so pleasing and interesting a part of the lives of the members of the Bar, and which indeed constitute the charm of local history, are 402 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. altogether wanting. Unlike the fair plaintiff in Bardell vs. Pick wick, we have no pains-taking sergeant to relate "the facts and cir cumstances" of the case. The Court records give us the facts, but the' circumstances surrounding and giving an interest to the events are wanting. ' As stated elsewhere in this volume, the Bar of Fulton county has always been an able one, and some of the brightest minds of our State have practiced law in the Courts of this county. Among the foreign lawyers who have prominently figured here were Hon. Wm., A. Minshall, of Rushville, William A. Richardson and Gen. Max well, of Rushville, Abraham Lincoln and E. D. Baker, of Springfield, Cyrus Walker and Gilmore Walker, of Macomb, Hon. Stephen T. Logan, of Springfield, James W. Whitney ("My Lord Coke"), of Pike county, Wm. A. Grimshaw of Pike, Bryant T. Schofield of Han cock, Julius Manning, of Peoria, James A. McDougal, of Jackson ville and Archibald Williams, Peter Lott, O. H. Browning, Nehe- miah Bushnell, W. Johnson and Wheat, all of Quincy, and others whose history is coeval with that of the early days of the county. Of those attorneys who resided in the county at one time and are now either dead, have quit the practice or have moved away, we will speak of first ; afterwards we will speak personally of the present members of the Bar. H. S. Austin resided in Farmington. He was a fair lawyer. He left the county about 1853 and at present resides in Chicago. J. P. Boice came to Lewistown from New England at an early day, and at one time, 1841, was associated with John David in the practice of law. He was a good lawyer, but not an advocate of special ability. He was a prominent Whig politician and a shrewd, sharp worker. He moved to Henry, Marshall Co., where he died. Floyd Brown was a lawyer of considerable ability, and, as we are told, " of considerable whisky, too." He came from Pike county to Lewistown and went from there to Minnesota, where he died. Thomas H. Bruner came to Lewistown from Ohio, and proved himself in a short time to be not a successful lawyer. He soon em barked in the lumber trade in company with Geo. Humphrey, and he with others built the Willison Hotel and the adjoining block. v He left Lewistown in 1869. John S. Clendennin came to Lewistown in 1842 or '43, but could not get a foothold in his profession here and soon after went to Yazoo City, Miss., and became quite a prominent man. He is now deceased. His brother, D. R. Clendenninj was a member of the com mission that tried Mrs. Surratt. Hugh R. Colter was admitted to practice law by Judge John York Sawyer, at Lewistown, in November, 1825. Mr. Colter, it will be remembered, was the first Circuit and County Clerk of Ful ton county, and wielded an important part in the organization of the county and in starting its governmental machinery*. ; He was HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 403 also engaged in school-teaching. He never applied himself to the practice of his legal profession here. Lewis Corbin, although "a good judge of law," to use a "West- ernism," was never noted in any degree for his success. Honest, slow of speech, and not over-enterprising, he was too good a man to be a successful lawyer. He lived at Canton. John W. David was a member of the law firm of Boice & David, and died about the year 1842, insane. He was modest, unassuming, steady and sober, and highly esteemed. Although not brilliant as a lawyer, he possessed sound judgment. Asa Lee Davison, for years a partner of Hon. William Kellogg, was a lawyer of more than average ability. A good pleader, full of wit and of commanding presence, he would doubtless have ranked among our foremost men had it not been for his unfortunate love for strong drink. After leaving Canton he occupied a prominent position as a member of the New York Legislature, and finally died at Pekin, 111. Caleb J. Dilworth was formerly a partner of Judge Shope, and is a lawyer of great ability. He is at present Attorney General of Ne braska. William Elliott was a good pioneer lawyer and served the District as State's Attorney. He lived at Lewistown, then moved over the line into Peoria county, where he died. Henry B. Evans was quite a land owrner in this county at one time but became embarrassed, and about 1861 entered the army as sutler, thinking to retrieve his fortune. He was prospering nicely when the rebels raided the Union lines and took all of his goods. He now resides in Chicago. He served as County Clerk from 1839 to '47. Bobert Farwell read law with Wead & Goudy, and is a good lawyer. He has accumulated a large fortune and resides at Prince ton, 111, William C. Goudy studied law with Judge Wead and was admitted to the Bar while living at Lewistown. He was for many years not only at the head of the Bar in Fulton county, but had an enviable State reputation. He removed to Chicago several years ago, where he still lives, and is regarded as one of the most promi nent legal gentlemen in the State. He is yet largely identified with the business interests of this county, especially coal-mining. W. H. H. Haskell "belongs to the versatile class of men, having great talent for so great a variety of occupations that he has no time to succeed at all of them. Editor, lawyer, artist, teacher, cabinet maker, book-keeper, and proficient in thirteen (literal fact) other professions or trades, he never shone so well at the Bar as he now does as the editor of the Amboy Journal, which certainly ranks well as a country paper. ( He resided at Canton. George S. Hill, formerly of Canton, was one of the class of fussy, flighty men, who succeed only in becoming second-rate attorneys. 404 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, With a fair legal education, some pluek, but no balance, he was not recognized as one of the legal luminaries of Fulton county. James Johnson was a very eccentric man, and not especially emi nent as a lawyer or anything else. He came to Lewistown previous to 1840 and was admitted to practice his profession while living there. He went from this county to California, where he is now upon the bench. , S. Corning Judd. came to Lewistown about 1852, and was in the profession at the time. He is -a brother-in-law of W. C. Goudy, and became his partner in the practice of law, and continued in that re lation until Mr. Goudy removed to Chicago. He remained here for some years when he too removed to Chicago, and is ranked among the leading legal gentlemen of that city, and has a large and lucra tive practice. Hon. William Kellogg for many years stood at the head of the Fulton county Bar. His fort was criminal practice, and no lawyer at the Bar was more eloquent in his defense of a prisoner, or better able to select a jury whose sympathies could be touched hy his elo quence. His judgment in civil practice could be fully relied upon, but his besetting sin, a dislike of close application, sometimes lost him cases in which either his interest or sympathy was not aroused. His forensic power made him fully the equal of any Illinoisan who ever graced the Bar. Wm. Pitt Kellogg was yet young in practice when he quit law for politics, but had already won quite a reputation as a pleader, and one wko was at all times ready to take every advantage offered by his adversary's neglect. He would have undoubtedly stood at the head of the Bar had he remained in practice. He is now U. S. Sen ator from Lousiana. Myron Kimball was a smart, sharp, nervous man, and obtained his professional training under Hon. O. H. Browning. He was a partner of George Phelps, and left the county during the Rebellion, and we believe resides at Quincy, 111. A. G. Kirkpatrick returned to Monmouth, 111., the placehe came from, to Lewistown, about 1864. He remained here about three years. He was a man of some ability in his profession, but of no discretion. Thomas J. Little was a wiry, still, shrewd man, not famous for ora tory or pleading, but who saw the weak points in his adversary's mail and had a lance ready to pierce it. His best forte was in the prep aration of legal papers, and hunting up his case. Sidney V. McClung was an educated lawyer of more than ordinary native talent, whose sun set in the fog which rum has generated in the horizon of far too many brilliant men. Samuel B. Oberlander came to Lewistown from Iowa in 1863 and remained till 1871, when he went to Howard county, Iowa. He never won any special distinction as a member of the Fulton county Bar. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 405 W. C. Osborn came to Lewistown about the year 1828. He was a well-read lawyer, yet his reputation for fairness was questioned by some. He owned, the entire block fronting the square on the west side at one time, where he kept a law office and grocery store. He remained here about fifteen years and moved to Iowa, where he died. George Phelps, son of the late Myron Phelps, was a member of the legal firm of Phelps & Kimball. He was a student under the eminent lawyers, Browning & Bushnell. He left Lewistown during the war and entered the army as paymaster, and now resides at New Albany, Ind. Stephen H. Pitkins came from Ohio to Lewistown prior to 1840. He read law and was admitted to the Bar while in this county. He was a medium lawyer and at one time served as Probate Judge of this county. He returned to Ohio during the decade between 1850 and 1860, where, as far as we Can learn, he still resides. John W. Ross, son of Hon. L. W. Ross, began practicing law at Lewistown in 1862 or '63. He rose in his profession rapidly and soon moved to Washington, D. C, where he now resides. Gen. Leonard F. Ross was admitted to the Bars and practiced previous to his election to the office of County Clerk, since which time he has practiced but little. Joseph Sharp was a lawyer of no special prominence. Henry B. Stillman. — The late Henry B. Stillman read law in 1843 and '44, went to the northern part of the State and became Prose cuting Attorney. He was a good lawyer but unfortunately he drank hard during much of his life. He died during the past/summer at Lewistown. George W. Stipp came to Lewistown about 1844 and left about 1855. He was an able lawyer. In criminal practice and before the jury he stood in the front rank. He resides in Bureau county and is Circuit Judge. Washington J. Taylor was a courtly, polite man, well educated, fond of sport, quick to perceive all the points in a case, and was just beginning what would doubtless have proven a successful career at the Bar when death cut him off. He lived at Canton. S. S. Tipton, at one time a law partner of the Hon. Lewis W. . Ross, was raised in this county. He was a good office lawyer bdt not deeply read in law. He left the county in about 1865 and moved to Kansas where he now resides. Henry Walker, father of Hon. Meredith Walker, came to the Bar at a time when life had passed its zenith for him. A brick-mason by trade and with a limited education, by dint of hard work, good sense and energy he was able to take a position among our foremost lawyers in both criminal and general practice. E. T. Warren was the first practicing attorney to locate in Ful ton county, so far as we are able to learn. He came from Maine and located at Lewistown in 1824 or '25, where he resided three or four years. He was a good pioneer lawyer. 406 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, Hon. H. M. Wead came from the State of Vermont to Lewis- town in about 1 840, and was engaged in his profession at that time. He was a sound lawyer, a good advocate, and an able jurist. In 1852 he was elected Circuit Judge and filled the office, not only creditably, but eminently. He was a partner of W. C. Goudy for some time. At the expiration of his term of office on the bench he went to Peoria and became one of the most promising lawyers of that city, where he died three or four years ago. Ira 0. Wilkinson came from New York in '45 or '6 and remained only about a year or two, when he went to Rock Island, where he subsequently became Circuit Judge. He was a young man when he came to Lewistown, and although the bar was composed of some of the best men of the State, things were not quite nice enough for him here, and he left. A. C. Woolfolk came to Lewistown about twenty years ago and remained only a short time. As a lawyer he was not brilliant, or, as we are told, "of much force." THE MEMBERS OF THE PRESENT BAR. It has been our intention to give the name and what facts we could obtain of every lawyer who has formerly lived and practiced in this county. If we have over-looked any person it is certainly unintentional. We inquired most diligently for weeks in regard to the various members of the Bar of the past, and have been told by men whom almost everybody will accord the credit of knowing, that our list is a full and complete one. In regard to the members of the present Bar it has also been our desire to speak of each and every one that has been admitted to the Bar. If we have omitted a name we assure the gentleman and our readers that his name was omitted because we did not have informa tion of his being a lawyer, etc. Daniel Abbott, State's Attorney, is engaged in the practice of law at Canton. Jacob Abbott, Canton, was born in this county and admitted to the Bar July 4, 1876. J. W. Bantz, Lewistown, was admitted to the Bar in 1872 and btegan practice' in Clearfield, Pa., the place where he began the study. of law four years previously ; came to Lewistown in July, 1875. He was born in Loudon Co., Va., in 1850, and is a son of John and Mary' A. (Merchant) Bantz. A. M. Barnett, Lewistown has been engaged in the practice of law for a short time in that city, and is the present Clerk of Lewis- town township. Hon. Granville Barrere came to this county and located at Can ton many years ago, and has been actively engaged in law ever since. In 1873-4 he was elected to Congress on the Republican ticket, of which party he is a staunch member. t Hon. Thos. A. Boyd, Lewistown, is the present member of Con- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 407 gress from this District, and is now serving his second term as a member of that body. He has also served in the State Legislature; and when Abraham Lincoln called for troops in 1861, Mr. Boyd went as Captain of the first company raised at Lewistown. A full sketch of this gentleman will be given in the history of the city of Lewistown. Henry L. Bryant, of Lewistown, was born in Covington, Mass., and educated in Geneva College, N. Y. He read law at Lexington, Ky., and took a course of lectures at Transylvania University; came to Macomb, 111., in 1835 ; in 1837 was elected State's Attorney, before he was 21 years of age, and filled the office with satisfaction to the public and with great honor to himself. He resided in Ma comb until 1848; in 1852 was elected County Judge of this county and served two terms, and in 1876 was again elected to the same office. Walter L. Crossthwait studied law in the office of Meredith Walk er at Canton for three years, attended law school at Ann Arbor, Mich., and was admitted to the Bar Jan. 5, 1877. He is now en gaged in practice in Canton. W. J. Dyckes, a young lawyer, located at Lewistown, where he is engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. W. S. Edwards, of Lewistown, is a son of Sam'l and Sarah (Dodds) Edwards, natives of Ohio ; in 1870 he entered Hedding College, Abingdon, 111., studied law at Quincy, and in 1 876 entered the office of Hon. Thos. A. Boyd, with whom he is still associated in the legal profession. Samuel A. Ghee, Canton, is an old attorney, but of late years has not been actively engaged in the practice ofhis profession at the Bar. Frederick M. Grant, of the firm of Barrere & Grant, is a native of Connecticut, studied law with Judge R. L. Hannaman, of Knox Co., 111., and was admitted to the Bar in March, 1869. He prac ticed law in Galesburg for a few years, and came to Canton in 1873. John A. Gray, Lewistown, was born in Morgan Co., O., in 1842; was brought to this county with his parents in 1850; enlisted in May, 1861, in the 17th 111 Inf., was wounded at Ft. Holden, Ky., and was finally promoted to the Captaincy. In 1867 he began the study of law with Col. Robert G. Ingersoll at Peoria, and two years afterward was admitted to the Bar ; in 1870 began practice at Cuba, this county ; in 1872 moved to Lewistown and formed a partnership with Judge Shope. H'e was a member of the Legislature from this county in 1873-4. Frank B. Gregory, State's Attorney, Lewistown, was educated at Ann Arbor, Mich., and began legal studies with Judge Shope, of Lewistown, in 1876 ; two years afterward he was admitted to the Bar and began practice in this county. John M. Heller, Avon ; born at Cuba, Fulton Co., in 1847 ; reared and educated at Peoria; attended the St. Louis Law School ; in 1873 went to Texas ; in 1874 began the practice of law ; practiced his pro- 408 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. fession in Kansas one year; and in 1877 was admitted to the Bar in Illinois. N. S. Jordan, of Bernadotte, is one of the pioneer lawyers of Ful ton Co. C. J. Main read law with J. L. Murphy, of Canton, and was ad mitted to the Bar in April, 1.871. He was born in Ohio. He is the present Police Magistrate of Canton, and has served that city as Alderman, City Clerk and Justice of the Peace. Joseph L. Murphy, Canton, was born in Pennsylvania; came to Fulton county when 5 years of age ; read law with Warren & Wheat, of Quincy, and was admitted to the Bar in the spring of 1864. Hon. L. W. Ross, son of Ossian M. Ross (the founder of Lew istown), in honor of whom the city was named, was elected in 1862 as member of Congress from this District, and served until 1869. During the war with Mexico he raised the only company that went from Fulton county. He has been an active partisan and a strong adherent to the principles advocated by the Democratic party. A full sketch will be given of Mr. Ross as a citizen of Lewistown. R. B. Stevenson began the study of law under the direction of Judge Winston Paul at Hillsboro, O., in 1846; was admitted to the Bar two years later, and began the practice of his profession in his native city; in 1854 moved to Jackson Co.; was sent to the Legislature in 1857, and served one term as State's Attorney in Highland Co. ; he came to Lewistown and associated himself with Hon. Lewis W. Ross; in July, 1879 he moved to Canton. Harry M. Waggoner, son of D.. J. Waggoner, entered the office of Shope & Gray in 1876, began the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar in December, 1878. Arthur Walker, of the firm of Whitney, Walker & Walker, at torneys, Canton, was admitted to the Bar July 4, 1877. Hon. Meredith Walker, Canton, of the law firm of Whitney, Walker & Walker, is a native of that city, and was admitted to the Bar July 19, 1874. In 1878 he was elected to the State Senate, and made an honorable record while a member of that body. Mr. Whitney, of the law firm of Whitney, Walker & Walker, but recently located at Canton. John S. Winter was born in Mason Co., Ky., in 1826, and is a son of John and Margaret (Livingston) Winter; was educated at Miami University, Oxford, O., and began the study of law at Little Rock, Ark., in the office of Albert Pike and Senator Garland, of that State, and three years later began practice. In 1863 he moved to Lewistown. TOWNSHIP HISTORIES. ASTORIA TOWNSHIP. The first settler of Astoria township was Parker McNeil. Soon after his arrival came David McNeil, his father, and David McNeil, his brother. After them came the father of Deacon McNeil. David McNeil was the first Justice of theTeace, and was, in alFprobability, elected in 1832. His successor was Stephen Merrill, from whom this sketch is obtained. Before entering upon the duties of his office Esquire Merrill proceeded to the cabin of Esquire McNeil to get the docket ; but much to his astonishment he made the discovery that no such legal article existed. 'Squire McNeil had conducted the business of the office for some time without a "docket." Ac cordingly 'Squire Merrill went to Lewistown, then a small struggling village of one or two hundred inhabitants. There he procured the necessary documents and became Justice of the Peace for all the townships\of Kerton, Woodland and 'Astoria. Nor did he transact an extensive business, format this time the voters of these townships numbered only twenty-one. Among other pioneers of the township were William Carter, Rev. Abraham Brown, W. Menton, Wm. Tate, Robert McLellan, Thom as Garvin, Robert and Peter McLaren, John Williams, Miss Mary (Peggy) McLellan and James Carter. These were the early settlers. Soon, however, others came in, among them Jacob Sharp, Charles Gilbert, Zachariah Gilbert, Franklin Fackler, Jacob Derry, B. W. Lutz, S. P. Cummings and Joshua Matheny. The latter gentle man, we are informed, as compared with the majority of mankind was almost a marvel. He never used liquors, nor tobacco, never swore an oath and never had a lawsuit or quarrel in his life, and he lived to the ripe old age of sixty-five, forty years of which time he was a member of the M. E. Church. He was good, generous and acted from principle. Could a higher eulogy be passed upon any man? The first religious ceremonies" were held at the^ cabins of the set tlers, and afterwards the people met for divine worship at the school- house in the old town of Washington. This building was used for a number of years as [the place for holding religious services. Henry Summers was the first preacher for this township. Peter Brown was his successor*" There are now in the township, outside of the town of Astoria, four churches.' __ In the early days Astoria township was literally a forest, and Mr. Stephen Merrill states that a wagon-load of walnuts could have been 410 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. , gathered where now stands the business portion of the town of As toria. The first school-teacher was, in all probability, Martin Fast. David McNeil also taught quite frequently, as also did John McNeil. Perhaps no settlers throughout this section were better known in pioneer days than the McNeil brothers. No stranger came from the South or East who did not inquire on his arrival in Illinois for the McNeils. This township was all patent land. Two millions of acres through this part of Illinois, known as the Military Tract, had been deeded to the soldiers of the war of 1812. Accordingly, when the township was settled much difficulty was experienced among actual settlers in regard to procuring valid titles. The soldiers who held this land never realized the value of their grants, and frequently sold them for a trifle. Astoria is a full Congressional township and among the best in the county. It produces wheat superior to any, and, indeed, as an agricultural district, is surpassed by few townships in the State, The legal voters of this township were called together at the house of A. T. Robertson, on Tuesday, April 2,, 1850, for the pur pose of organizing said township under an act entitled "An act to provide for township and county organization," approved Feb. 12, 1849. At this meeting Solomon Lybarger presided as moderator and H. A. Brown was clerk. The following township officials were chosen, being the first of the township : Supervisor, Robert Mc Clelland ; Town Clerk, Zachariah Gilbert ; Assessor, Michael En gle ; Collector, Jas. M. Carlock ; Overseer of the Poor, Thomas G. Garvin ; Commissioners of Highways, Jesse Walker, Cooper Farr and Elias Keach; Justices of the Peace, Amos Hipsley and A. T. Robertson ; Constables, Geo. W. Derry and Wm. Walker. TOWN OF ASTORIA. Astoria may truly be said to be one of the most flourishing towns in Central Illinois, and only few in the State of the same number of inhabitants excel it in the display of enterprise. In detailing the history of Astoria we shall begin at a very early date in pioneer history. In what is now called McLellan's addition, in the eastern por tion of the town, a small village called Washington was laid out in 1 836 by Robert McLellan and Zachariah Gilbert, who kept a small store for the sale of general merchandise. This hamlet boasted of two cabins, one blacksmith shop^and the store. The cabins were occupied by Nathaniel McLellan, sr., and Franklin Fackler. A rude school-house also nestled among the heavy timber and under brush, where blackberries grew in such profusion during the sum mer of 1836 that wagon loads could easily have been gathered. The berries when fully ripe presented the appearance of a vast buck wheat field. Owing to the limited space allotted for the village here Zachariah Gilbert, Benjamin Clark and a Mr. Bacon, of St. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 411 Louis, in 1837, moved a quarter of a mile westward, where they laid out the present town of Astoria. Mr. Gilbert moved his store- building and located it upon the site now occupied by the store of Lovell & Smith, grocers. In a short time the new village boasted of a postmaster. This gentleman was a Dr. James Owen, who came from Ohio. The postoffice was kept in a small frame building that stood upon the west side of the square. This town was more fortu nate than most frontier towns, for it was on the line of the daily four-horse stage-coach from Peoria to Quincy, from 1836 till 1843, and was the point at which dinner was taken. The town grew very slowly for a number of years. Vermont was bitterly opposed to the infant village struggling for an exist ence, and provecLa formidable rival for many years. The first log cabin upon the town site was built by B. W. Lutz. Zachrriah Gil bert, as we have before stated, erected the first store building in the town of Washington, but at the platting and organization of Asto ria a Mr. Morland erected the first business building in the town. Mr. Gilbert, however, moved his store building from Washington to Astoria, and on the way carried on his regular trade. Jacob Sharp, who previously sold goods about a mile and a half from town on the road to the river, bought Morland's building and moved his stock of goods to Astoria. John Bane built the second store build ing, in which he kept a stock of general merchandise. He also had a tavern, which, doubtless, was the first tavern opened in the town. Wm. H. Scripps came in 1840 from Rushville. His means were limited at that time, but he rented a building from Dr. Owen, and began his successful -career as a merchant, grain-buyer and pork- packer. Zachariah Gilbert was the first Justice of the Peace after each Congressional township had been formed into an election pre cinct. The first physicians were Drs. James and Carrolton Owens, Dr. G. V. Hopkins, Dr. Montgomery and Dr. Walker. Shortly after the town was organized John Boyd erected a tan nery, and for a number of years carried on an extensive business. Jacob Derry was the first cabinet-maker to locate here. The first preacher was a Rev. Carter. The first saw and grist-mill was built by James Brown. Mr. Brown and others ran it for about twelve years, when it fell into the hands of H. L. Mooney. It was after wards purchased by Cooper & Hamson and used as a earding-mill. This venture proved unsuccessful, and the old building, which stands in the western part of town, is rapidly going to decay. Astoria was first named Vienna, and it went by that name for some time; but on account of another town in the State bearing the same name it was changed to Astoria, in honor of John Jacob Astor. It is not generally known, but it is true, that John Jacob Astor, the great fur-trader and New York milliona'ire, was interested in property in this county. He became the owner of a quarter-sec tion of land, the site of the present town of Astoria. Owing to this fact, when the name was changed from Vienna, it was called 412 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. From 1845 to 1850 some improvements were made in the town as a result of rectifying the ' titles to lots in the place, which had been a cause of trouble, and the infant town suffered materially in prosperity up to 1860. At that time a new vigor began to perme ate every department of business, and the town steadily improved for some time. It should be mentioned that Franklin Fackler was the first blacksmith of the place. He was and is well known as one of the^most generous of men and a skillful mechanic. The first school was organized in 1838, and was taught by John Fast. At present ^there is one large graded school, with principal and two teachers ; and owing to the rapid growth of the town there was erected this year a substantial brick structure at a cost of over $2,000. Prof. Boyer is principal of the schools, and John Palmer is teacher of the grammar department, Miss Rose Anderson of the intermediate department, and Miss Dolly Kost of the primary. The new building is occupied by Miss Bartholow and Miss Dun can as teachers. There are four Churches in the town^ viz : Methodist Episcopal, Rev. J. G. Bonnell, pastor; Christian, Elder Robinson, pastor ; United Brethren, Rev. Pease, pastor ; German Reformed. All of these congregations own good church edifices. Rev. Isaac Pool was the first Methodist pastor, who also preached at the school-house ' in the old town of Washington, as already mentioned. Peter Akers was the first Elder in Methodism in this section. Peter Cart wright, whose fame extended throughout the land, was also an Elder and frequently preached at the town of Washington. Generally speaking, Astoria has borne a good reputation as a quiet, orderly town, doubtless greatly shielded by the ennobling influence of her strong religious organizations. Occasionally,1 however, the town has been disgraced by a street brawl. In an early day intox icating liquors were freely dispensed, but now there is no saloon here, thanks to the order-loving community who have voted down the hellish traffic and driven the liquor-venders from their midst. For a number of years the growth of the town of Astoria was comparatively at a stand-still, but was not unlike all inland towns having no railroad communications. In 1870, as nearly as can be ascertained, Astoria contained a population of 350 persons. At that time a railroad rivalry existed between the people of Rushville and Macomb, on one hand, and of Astoriaand Bushnell on the other. A proposition was set afloat for the purpose of finding a suitable route for the Rockford, Rock Island & St. LouisRail road. This road had been completed from St. Louis to Beardstown,.and the proposition was then made by railroad officials to build the road on its present line, and not through Rushville and Macomb. Appeals were made to the citizens of Bushnell, Vermont, and other places of less note for aid. Vermont, however, made a desperate struggle to secure the road and voted a large sum of money to it. It remained for Astoria township, however, to decide the momentous question of railroad or no railroad, and in a short time the magnificent sum of $300,000 or o < ^' HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 415 was voted by the townships. Although certificates of stock were issued by the Railroad Company for the bonds, yet it was generally understood that the amount was a donation. When the people had decided in favor of the road, work was immediately begun, and in 1870 the road was completed. This marked an era in the prosperity of Astoria. But few busi ness buildings of any note were in the town at that time, the most important being the one built and owned by George W. Kost. The eastern part of the town, below where Fackler's wagon shop is sit uated, was platted for town lots in 1872, although no residences had been erected there. During the fall of 1870 Nathaniel McLellan laid out about 48 acres in lots, which is now known as McLellan's addition. In 1874 John Wolf laid off an addition. In 1877 and the following year W. H. Scripps laid off about 26 acres in town lots. Robert H. McLellan laid off the "R. H. McLellan addition" in about 1873. The following is copied from the town records now in possession of D. M. Stockham, Clerk : " At an election held on Thursday, Sept. 15, 1865, a vote was taken ' for' or ' against ' town incorporation ; the boundaries of said town to include the northeast quarter of sec. 23, 3 N. and 1 E. For incorporation there were 46 votes ; against it 7." The measure thus being carried, a . Board of Trustees were elected. They were Rutherford Lane, John English, B. C. Toler, John Shannon, R. F. McLaren and J. W. Green. Ruth erford Lane was chosen President and John Boyd Clerk. The Trustees afterwards, Oct. 27, 1865, chose J. W. Shannon as their President. The present Board is composed of the following gen tlemen : President, B. C. Toler ; Clerk, D. M. Stockham ; Trustees, J. W. Green, W. H. Emerson, H. C. Mooney, T. M. Mercer and S. S. Chapman. The town at present numbers about 1,400 inhabitants, and is ¦ rapidly growing. The buildings of note are W. H. Scripps' bank building ; Dilworth Carter's dry-goods and hardware store and hall, conceded to be one of the finest, if not the finest, building of the kind in the county ; Bonnel Bros.' drug house, Green & Cummings' dry- goods house, Waggoner & Lutz, hardware, and H. C. Mooney's drug house, — all worthy of note. The following comprises a list about complete of the business houses of the town : There are two lumber yards : Messrs. Coyner & Hettrick are the leading dealers ; one grain elevator, owned by W. H. Scripps ; two flouring-mills, one owned by Emerson & Tanksley, the other by William Kost ; two saw mills, owned respectively by Moore Bros. & Co., and Oviatt & Robinson ; one tile factory, run by John B. Palmer ; one planing mill, owned by Mr. Mowery, one cabinet shop, S. W. Hunter, proprietory two carriage and wagon shops, owned by Fackler Bros., and McDonald Cox ; two harness shops, run by T. W. Price and J. M. Myers ; two hardware dealers, — Dilworth Carter and Wag goner & Lutz ; two jewelry stores ; seven dry-goods and general 26 116 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. stores ; two groceries ; one dentist ; three millinery establishments • two restaurants ; one photographer ; three hotels; two barbershops- two livery stables ; three meat markets ; one clothing store, etc., etc. R. J. Nelson is the present postmaster. The coal interest is one of the most important features of the town. Messrs. Emerson & Skin- uer are proprietors of the leading mines worked. These gentlemen have done much toward building up Astoria. They employ eighty men and the annual shipments are very large. Astoria has assumed to be quite a shipping point for cattle, hogs, grain, coal and hard wood lumber. CHURCHES AND SOCIETIES. The Methodist Episcopal Church. — This is one of the oldest Churches in Fulton county. Those old pioneer preachers, Peter Cartwright, Henry Summers, Peter Brown, Peter Akers and others who first found the settlers in their cabin homes, came to the old town of Washington, and afterwards to Astoria, and preached the Gospel to the early pilgrims in this section. People came for many miles in those days to hear the traveling preacher, nor were they dissatisfied if he preached one hour and a half, or even two hours and a half, as was often the case. This congregation has one of the best church edifices in the township. It is located one block north-' west of the square. The congregation is in a prosperous condition. Rev. G. J. Bonnel is pastor. United Brethren in Christ. — This Church was organized in 1853 by Rev. O. F. Smith. The building is in the eastern part of the town and was erected in 1873 under the auspices of Rev. I. Valentine: size of building, 40x60 feet. Present Pastor, W. B. Shinn; officers — Daniel Haffner, Balseer Lutz, James Lutz, Stephen Merrill, Wm. Merrill and C. Mathias ; membership, 100 ; contribution per year, §600; Sunday-school — number of scholars, 80; Superintendent, Henry Switzer. Christian Church was organized on the> 23d of May, 1863, by Elder Joseph B. Royal, of Vermont. At times the congregation- lias been quite prosperous, and at other times its firm friends ant supporters were only few. The present membership is 125. The annual contribution is $1,000. In 1866 the congregation had be come strong enough to erect a church building, whidh they did dur ing that year. It is a good frame structure, 35x60 feet, and is located in the western part of the town. The pastor is Elder L. M. Robin son. The Elders are W. T. Toler, Geo. W. Kost and B. C. Toler. There is a good Sunday-school associated with this congregation, • which is under the superintendency of Stephen Allen, and has an average attendance of 85 scholars. Presbyterian Church. — The building in which this congregation meets is located in the northeast part of town, and is a frame 30x45 feet in size. The Church' was organized in 1876 by Rev. H. S. Beavis. The present membership is 33, and they employ no pastor HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 417 at present, but contribute about $400 per year for expenses. The officers are : Elders — William Kost, William Allen and J. W. An derson ; Deacon, J. B. Coyner. J. W. Anderson is Superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has an average attendance of 4c scholars. Masonic Lodge of Astoria, No. 100. — Dispensation granted Dec. 17, 1850, Samuel McNeil, Master ; chartered in 1851, with the follow ing members: Wm. Kerns, Wm. Saxton, Sam'l McNeil, H. S. Jacobs, DeW. C. Allen, Sam'l Smith, D. G. Tunnicliff, C. B. Cox, J. H. Hughes, Robert Anderson, A. G. Heron, G. V. Hopkins, A. I. Fitz and John C. Fitz. Present number of members in good standing, 64. W. M., J. W. Greene ; S. W., T. W. Price ; J. W., W. H. Emerson (also an efficient Secretary). This is the oldest lodge in Fulton Co. Ancient Order of United Workmen, organized Dec. 17, 1850, with a membership of 17 ; J. G. Bonnel, P. M. W. ; J. Sollenberger, M. W. Present membership 24, out of debt and in a flourishing condition. Ancient Lodge of I. 0. 0. F., No. 1W, was chartered Oct. 15, 1852. The charter members were J. M. Hunter, H. S. Jacobs, T. J. Kin ney, Nelson Howell, A. T. Robertson and William Bader. The Lodge is now in prosperous working order and meets every Tuesday night. The present membership numbers 38. The Lodge room is over Scripps' bank. The officers are W. W. Bonnel, N. G. ; T. G. Mc Laren, V. G. ; J. R. Sencesich, Sec'y ; M. L. Tanksley, Treas. Globe Encampment, No. Ufi. — Connected with the Astoria Lodge of Odd Fellows is this Encampment, which was instituted Oct. 14, 1873. The charter members were Chas. Wilson, W. O. Rand, Alex. Bailey, Joseph C. Emerson, Wm. A. McClelland, Jas. T. Mc Neil, James E. Lindsay, Thomas W. Price and Conrad B. Moul. The present officers are T. W. Price, C. P. ; M. L. Tanksley, Scribe. It meets every alternate Tuesday night. Personal Sketches. — We would mention personally those citizens who have been and are making the history of Astoria town ship and town. The men and women who have developed the great resources of the township rightfully, deserve a place in its local history. From a forest they have made fine farms. They have dotted it over with fine churches and school-houses, and have raised a flourishing town where once stood a forest filled with wild beasts. This people have wrought these vast changes during a half century, and now they not only are utilizing the magnificent timber that borders the streams of the township, and are cultivating the various cereals of this latitude, but are delving into the bowels of the earth, and from her vast mines of the best coal found in the State are bringing to the surface and shipping all over this part of the country thousands of tons. The coal and hard-wood timber sup ply of this township is inexhaustible, 418 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. We give below personal sketches of almost all of the leading citi zens and old settlers of the township. Ansel Amrine, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Vermont. Ansel Amrine is a native of Fulton Co., where he was born in 1855. His father Milton Amrine, a prominent man of Vermont, is well and favor ably known. Ansel grew to manhood in McDonough and Fulton counties and received a good education. With the exception of a short residence in Texas, where he embarked in cattle speculation, he has made his home in Illinois. March 27, 1879, he was married to Miss Wyllie Harner, daughter of Col. Thomas Harner, of Ver mont. John W. Anderson, Justice of the Peace and teacher, is a native of Fulton Co., and was born in the year 1842. He is a son of John G. Anderson, who is well known in this portion of Fulton Co., was born in Kentucky in 1815, and in 1835 came to Fulton Co., where he purchased farm property. Our subject remained upon the farm homestead until he attained his 14th year, when he accom panied his parents to Wapello, Iowa, where he was liberally edu cated, and for a period of 10 years was a teacher in the public schools. He finished his education at Howe's Normal School, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. He then embarked in business with J. H. Coulter in the boot and shoe trade. At the end of one year he retired from this business and began farming. In 1868 he was united in marri age with Miss Lizzie, daughter of Franklin Fackler. One year ago Mr. A. became a permanent resident of Astoria, and embarked in business with Samuel and Thomas Fackler, dealing in farming implements. He was soon chosen principal of the public schools of the town. He has held numerous local offices here, and while a resident of Iowa was nominated for a seat in the Legislature and defeated by only a small majority. Charles and Harry are children born of the marriage above referred to. B. Bell Andrews, physician, located in Astoria 4 years ago, where he built up a large practice. He was born in Ireland in 1841. His father,. Henry Andrews, was a Captain of Scottish Dragoons, was born in Scotland, where he married Miss Martha Bell. In 1848, while in command of the arsenal in the city of Galloway, he favored the insurrectionists and in consequence was compelled to cross the ocean with his family for America. Dr. A. graduated at Dela ware, Ohio, Literary College and then entered the printing establish ment of Harpel Bros., Cincinnati, where he soon became foreman. In 1864 he began the study of medicine and in '67 graduated at Starling Medical College, Ohio, and received an ad eundm degree from the Eclectic Medical College, Philadelphia, and in 1878 Hahne mann College of Chicago conferred upon him the degree of M. D- In 1867 he moved to Vicksburg and was appointed by Gen. 0. 0. Howard assistant physician of Burea Hospital. He then went to Jacksonville, 111., and was appointed an instructor of printing and idiomatic construction of sentences. While there he married Miss HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 419 Olive Sealey. He went to Carrollton and became a public lecturer, and finally came here. Astoria Tile Works, Messrs. J. B. Palmer and W. C. Holland, proprietors. This is a new feature of business in this flourishing town, but we feel will prove a most valuable one. The clay used is of a superior quality and the machinery of the most modern make. One kiln is now in use and others will undoubtedly be needed. They now have a capacity of 8,000 tiling per day. We will say a few words of a biographical nature in reference to the firm : J. B. Palmer was born in Brooke Co., W. Va., in 1837, and in 1853 located near Astoria. When the late war broke out he enlisted in Go. H, 85th 111., and participated in many important battles, as Perryville, Savannah, etc. At the close of the war Mr. P. returned to Astoria, where he has since resided. In 1860 he was united in marriage with Miss Mary McLaren, of Astoria, who has become the mother of 4 children. He is the veteran school-teacher of South Fulton. W. C Holland, who may be regarded as an old settler of this county, was born in Smith Co., Tenn., May 7, 1820. Growing to manhood in his native State he received a good common-school edu cation. In 1845 he came to Schuyler Co., 111., where he learned the carpenter trade and where he married Miss Margaret Kelly, daughter of William Kelly, of Tennessee. She bore him two chil dren. For a number of years prior to his present venture Mr. Holland followed farming. John C. Aten, agriculturist; P. O., Astoria. The subject of this sketch is one of a numerous family of Virginians, whom we mention elsewhere. John was joined in matrimony with Mary J. Hall, daughter of Robert Hall, in Western Pennsylvania. John came to Illinois in 1855, and since his arrival here has be come quite prosperous, and is the owner of a fine farm. There were born of the marriage referred to 9 children, only 4 of whom are living,— Nancy A., John C, Wm. H. and Elizabeth. Mr. A. has held many offices, among them Lieut. Col. of Militia ; Aid to the Governor with rank of Colonel ; Justice of the Peace ; Con stable ; Deputy Sheriff and School Director. Richard Aten settled in Fulton Co. nearly forty years ago, and is therefore a pioneer. He was born in Hancock, W. Va., June 2, 1815, and was the son of William and Jane (Anderson) Aten, and was the third of a family of 7 children. Growing to manhood in Virginia he was there married to Miss Ann Peterson. In 1840 he set out for Illinois, and in due time arrived at Astoria. In 1838, previous to his marriage, he had purchased land here, and 2 years later moved into a rough log house without windows, and a fire-place partly built occupied one corner of the cabin. Mr. A., who had been used to civilization, necessarily had to put up with many inconveniences in his Western home for a number of years. ¦His nearest neighbors it might be said were-snakes and salamanders, 420 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. which crept beneath the cabin, over, around and in it. On one occasion Mrs. A. was greatly frightened by the dropping of a huge rattle-snake upon the floor, narrowly missing her head in its descent. Long years have passed since then, but those early cabin days are fresh in the memory of these pioneers. They have 4 children,— Henry J., who resides at Quincy ; John lives in Astoria township; Cornelius and Lucinda. Thomas B. Atkinson, dentist, is a native of West Virginia, where he was born April 3, 1838. Until his twenty-first year he resided in Virginia and Ohio, where he received a liberal education. Dur ing the war he proceeded to Pittsburg, Pa., and turned his atten tion to his present profession. In 1864 he settled in Rushville and subsequently went to Iowa. In 1867 he came to Astoria, and has since been prominently identified with the interests of the town. He has succeeded in building up a large practice. In 1861 he was united in marriage with Miss E. J. Gambel, by whom he has 4 children, — John, Charley, Mabel and Ada. Andrew J. Bates, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Vermont. This gentle man ^settled [in Vermont tp., Fulton Co., April 1, 1854. He was, born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., June 2, 1825. His father, Daniel Bates, was a native of the same State, and devoted the principal part of his life to mercantile pursuits ; he married Miss Susannah Bechtel. Of the 10 children she bore, Andrew was the seventh. Our subject learned the wagon-maker's trade, and worked at that employment for a number of years. While a resident of Pennsyl vania he was married to Miss Eliza J. McGuire. Mr. B. enlisted as a private in Co. E, 2d Pa. Vol., to engage in the war with Mexico. He participated in the noted battle of Vera Cruz. At the Cerro Gordo fight he remained under fire about 13 hours. He was in the noted engagements of Contreras and Churubusco. At the storm ing of the city of Mexico he displayed no ordinary courage; once severely wounded he again and again refused to retire from the field until a minie ball, sped on its deadly mission, buried itself in his right limb and he sank to the ground. To-day he carries battle- scars received in Uncle Sam's service, but receives no pension and declines any. He has 5 children, — 4 boys and one 1 girl. Mrs. Bates passed away in 1876, and her remains laid at rest in Ver mont cemetery. Levi Bisby, farmer, sec. 17 ; P. O., Astoria. Levi Bisby is a native of Maryland, where he was born in 1835. Of his parents but little is now remembered, as they passed away many years ago. Levi, while an infant, was adopted by a family that lived in Ohio, and there he remained until he had attained his tenth year, when be accompanied his guardian, Andrew Fry, to Astoria township. Young Bisby had the advantages of a good common-school education and grew to mature years of manhood upon a farm. In 1860 he was married to a daughter of John Aten, Miss Nancy A., who has become the mother of 9 children, — Bell, Emma A., Sarah, Ella, Ettie, Lucetta, Alta M. and John W., and an infant. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 421 Benjamin Bolen, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Astoria. The subject of this sketch was born in Maryland, Feb. 15, 1806, and is the son of John Bolen, native of the same State, where he grew to manhood and married Miss Jane Hood, by whom he raised a family of 5 children. Benjamin, the only son, grew up in Pennsylvania where his parents settled in 1806. In youth he learned the carpenter's trade and for some time followed this calling. In 1833 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary McCormick, daughter of Booth McCormick. In 1834 Mr. B. cast his lot among the residents of Illinois,, settling in Astoria township, where he has since resided. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. H, 85th 111. Inf., and after a service of one year was honorably discharged and returned to his old home. A short time after the enlistment of Mr. B. his second son, John Irvin, turned from the peaceful farm life to the battle-field and eventually laid down his life for his country. They have 5 children, — Matilda, Sarah J.j Phoebe J., William and Irvin. Rev. J. G. Bonnel, pastor of the M. E. church, was born in Bata- via, Clermont county, Ohio, in January, 1843. In 1850 he accom panied his parents, Henry and Amelia Bonnel, to Griggsville, III., where, when Joseph attained his twentieth year of age, he deter mined to devote his time to the ministry, and accordingly proceeded to Evanston, 111,, where he entered the Theological Institute ; he was admitted to the 111. Conference in 1869, and was appointed to preach. In 1873 he was ordained minister and entered upon his ministerial duties in the town of Barry, 111., where he labored for two years, then came to Astoria. During 1874 he entered in part nership with W. R. Bonnel in the drug business, and in 1877 they completed their present commodious and handsome brick building. In1 1875 he built one of the best residences of Astoria. William W. Bonnel, physician and surgeon, was born in Clermont county, Ohio, Dec. 23, 1835. His father, Henry Bonnel, was by trade a saddler and harness-maker, who moved to Griggsville, Pike Co., 111., in 1850, and there our subject began the study of medicine under Dr. J. B. Ensey, and at the expiration of three years spent at Rush Medical College, Chicago, he graduated with high honors. He first began to practice at Naples, 111., and while residing there he united his fortunes with Miss Jane E. Smith, daughter of the Hon. Dennis Smith, of Carthage. Moving to Clayton he remained until 1865, when he located at his old home in Griggsville, where his merits as a physician gained for him a large practice ; thence to Clayton, and to Astoria in 1873. Of the marriage with Miss Smith 3 children were born, two- of whom are living, — Lizzie and May. Benjamin F. Bowman, liveryman. Mr. B. has for many years been engaged in this calling and has met with success. Although comparatively a stranger in Astoria, he has proven his enterprising spirit to the people. He came to Astoria in the autumn of last year and refitted the old City Hotel, and secured a good patronage. lnis he recently abandoned. He contemplates erecting a large 422 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. * • modernly fitted hotel here. In Aug., 1877, he was united in mar riage to Miss Mary Moon, a daughter of Asa Moon, of Dallas City, 111. John Boyd became a resident of this county in 1840. He was born in North Carolina in 1812. His father, James Boyd, married Miss Rachel Danley, who bore him 6 children, of whom John was the second. He grew up in his native State and learned the trade of a tanner, and before attaining his 20th year was married to Miss Margaret Henderson ; two years later he started for Illinois, and during the summer of '35 remained in Indiana, and in the autumn came to Illinois and located at Rushville and opened a tannery ; at the end of 5 years he settled just west of Astoria and erected a tannery, where he continued in business many years. Of the mar riage of Mr. and Mrs. B. 7 children are living, — James, John H., William F., Richardson W., Nancy J., Rachel M. and Mary E. After retiring from the tannery he entered actively into general mer cantile business; next he tried the hardware trade. The latter years of his life have been devoted to farming. He has held many local offices. In 1857 or '58 he was appointed Postmaster, and for 14 years was School Treasurer and Trustee, and has been Supervisor. R. W. Boyd, farmer. The gentleman here named is the young est son of John Boyd, a pioneer of this county. He was born in Astoria in 1843; grew up amid pioneer associations and received a good common-school education. In April, 1869, he was married to Miss Anna B. English, daughter of John English, the well-known boot and shoe dealer of Astoria. Amos Bricker, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 36; P. 0., Astoria; was born in Pennsylvania in 1817. His father, John Bricker, a farmer by occupation, married Miss Delia Warner. Amos was the second of 7 children born to them. He grew up and followed farming, although for a number of years he was employed in a dis tillery. In 1839 Miss Sarah Wantze became his wife, and has borne him 7 children. In 1855 he came to Astoria, thence to Wood land tp., and in 1856 settled in Pleasant. In 1864 Mrs B. was laid at rest in the Dunkard Cemetery, Woodland tp. In 1868 Mr. B. married Mrs. Elizabeth Wyand. There was born of this marriage one child, Katie. While residing in Pleasant tp. Mr. B. held many of the local offices. He is well known as an honorable farmer and business man. J. L. Brown, farmer, sec. 30 ; P. O., Astoria. Jackson L. Brown, for the past 36 years a resident of Fulton county, is a native of Ohio, where he was born in 1823, and passed his boyhood and youth in Harrison county. In his twentieth year he made his way to Illinois, stopping at Sharpe's Landing. From there he went to Farmer's township and became employed as a farm hand. In 1849 he united his fortunes with those of Miss Nancy Grewel. This marriage resulted in 10 children, — Nancy J., John H., Rebecca, Geo. W., Mary Ann, Cevilla, Rachel, Andrew J., Nellie E. and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 423 Nannie B. In 1848 be made his first purchase of land in this town ship, and now owns some 300 acres of fine land. In 1852 he crossed the plains to California and remained for 3 years. Conrpd Byers, farmer, sec. 34 ; P. O., Astoria. The gentleman here named is a native of Germany, where he was born in Novem ber, 1833. Growing to manhood in the Fatherland, he engaged in farming. At the age of 22 he crossed the ocean, landing at Baltimore. Shortly afterwards he was united in marriageAto Miss Mary M. Eberhardt, by whom he has 3 children, — Edward^C, Ida E. and Josephine. Ten years ago he located at Decatur,1 111.,' and two years later came to Fulton county. Jesse Carnahan, farmer, living upon sec. 18 ; P. O., Vermont. He settled in Fulton county in 1846, and very Httle improvement was manifest in his neighborhood. Mr. C. is a native of Virginia, where he was born March 19, 1814; his father, Jesse^Carnahan, was a farmer by occupation, and while a soldier in the war of 1812 perished at the hands of the red men. Jesse, jr., passed his early days in Virginia, where he was united in marriage with Miss Me- linda Wilcoxen, daughter of Fielder Wilcoxen, a native of Mary land, who also perished near Sandusky in the war of 1812. Mrs. C. died in Nov., 1877, and was laid at rest in the Vermont^cemetery. Five children blessed their union, — WTilliam, James, Margaret, Mary and Fielder. Mr. C. has held many of the local offices. Dilworth Carter, merchant. Mr. Carter ranks among the leading merchants of Fulton county. He was born in Delaware Co., Pa., in 1836, and is the eldest of a family of 21 children. By occupation his father, Amos Carter, was a farmer in Penn., where he married Miss Ann Mershon. Among the rugged hills of the Keystone State Dilworth Carter passed the morning of life, and became ap prenticed to learn the trades of the stone and brick-mason, and be came an adept at these callings. In 1857 he concluded he would try a new field of labor and selected Vermont, this county, as the place. There he became employed as a clerk by Joab Mershon, the prominent banker and merchant of that place. He soon re turned to his trade, and in 1859 located at Beardstown and erected the well-known Park House, an extensive grain ware-house and other buildings. He then proceeded to Mason Co. and began his mercantile career, although this particular venture proved unsuccess ful. He then went to Bluff City, Schuyler Co., and erected a store house and opened a stock of goods, and met with unusual success in handling cooper's stock. During the autumn of 1865 he came to Astoria and formed a partnership with J. C. Lutz in the hardware trade, -and the following year purchased his interest. Since then he has ^succeeded well as a business man. In 1876 he added to the attractiveness of Astoria by the erection of a fine store building and public hall. This is a model building and contains two of the finest store-rooms in Central Illinois. In one department he has a large stock of dry goods, and a fine line of hardware in the otlier. In 1869 424 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. he built his fine residence. In 1861, Oct. 31, he was united in marriage with Miss E. Branson of Pleasant township, this county. Five children have been born to them, three of whom are living,— Nany D., Estella and Irving. R. G. Carter, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 14 ; P. O., Astoria. Rutherford G. Carter was born Oct. 11, 1827, in Kentucky; in 1829 his parents came to Illinois and settled in Schuyler Co. They remained only two years there when they came to Fulton Co.. Here Mr. C. grew to mature years, having for his pioneer associates many who are now prominent farmers and business men. In 1855 he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Ann Hudnall, daughter of Wm. T. Hudnall, a well-known, resident of Astoria tp. They have 6 children — Gertrude, James S., Sarah E., Frank G., Henry H. and Mary E. In 1852 Mr. C. crossed the plains to California, where he remained about two years. In 1847 he enlisted to serve against the Mexicans in an independent company from Rushville. For nearly a year and a half he remained in Mexico. W. B. Carter. — Among the pioneers of this county, and among those hardy spirits who have grown with the development of the State, is our subject. He was born in Monroe Co., Ky., June 13, 1822 ; his father, William Carter, dissatisfied with his condition in life in Kentucky, and no doubt hearing many glowing accounts of Illinois, determined to make this his home. During the autumn of 1829 he moved into Schuyler Co., where he remained but a short time. Then he came to this township, where he purchased farm property and settled down in the routine of farm life. He is still living and a resident of Woodland tp. William learned the trade of blacksmithing and for a number of years followed this calling, He well remembers the old town of Washington, containing a store, perhaps two, and a school-house. Mr. C. remembers the site of Astoria as heavily timbered. A forest covered the site of the future city ; and where the public square now is, Daniel. Hefner and Charles Gearing cut the street through for what is now Broad way. Years have flown by since then, and W.Carter has long since passed the morning and noon of life ; but the early scenes of West ern life are still pictured on his memory. In 1846 he was united in marriage with Lovina Curran, daughter of Wm. Curran, who settled in Fulton Co. in 1835. They were blessed with 10 children, 5 of whom are living — Lucy A., Helen P., W. J., John L. and George C. William Cassel, a leading farmer of this township and county, is a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1832. He grew to manhood in that State, followed farming and learned the trade of a carpenter. In 1852 he came West, settling in Astoria township, and shortly afterward] purchased land. In 1855 he was united in marriage with Miss Anna Schisler, who is the mother of 4 children —Sarah J., Angeline, Mary and William. Mr. C. is one of those enterprising, go-ahead farmers who wastes no time in idleness and is HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 425 to-day a representative of his class, and owns over 400 acres of valuable land. Charles Chaddock, retired farmer, was born in Jefferson Co., O., Oct. 13, 1814. His father was John Chaddock, who followed farm ing as a life vocation. Charles passed his childhood and youth and grew to manhood in Ohio, where he received a good common-school education. In 1836 he was united in marriage with Miss Anna Barkhurst, a native of Ohio. One year later he determined to come further west and accordingly located in Woodland tp., where he purchased an eighty-acre tract of land and subsequently increased his lands to 400 acres. This he brought from a wilderness to a high state of cultivation. Mr. C. has labored hard upon the prairies of Illinois and owes his present prosperity to his persistent hard work. . Mrs. C. died in 1864 and was laid at rest in Summum Cemetery. In 1867 he was married to Mrs. Prudence Gay, daughter of Levi Sparks, of Ohio, and widow of Chas. Gay, a former mer chant of Astoria, who died in 1856. Mr. C. with almost unparal leled generosity donated the Quincy, 111., College the magnificent sum of $24,000. • S. S.Chapman. . Sidney Smith Chapman was born near the mouth of Black river on Lake Erie, in the vicinity of Amherst, Ohio, Nov. 12, 1827, and is the son of Jacob Kimble and Julia (Griffith) Chapman. The great-grandfather of Jacob K, was Benjamin Chap man, who lived in England. He had 3 sons : Benjamin, jr., James and John. They left their father and went to different countries in Europe. The first named went to France, James went to Ireland and John to Scotland. At an advanced age Benjamin, sr., died, leaving a large fortune -jto his sons. Benjamin, jr., was informed of this fact, and before he returned from France the entire estate had been confiscated by the English Government. Benjamin then came to the U. S. and landed in South Carolina. After this James re turned, from Ireland, and John came some years later to the U. S. and stopped near Salem, Mass., and was there during the period of the witchcraft and persecution. John had ^3 children, of whom Isaac and Adam, the youngest, are the only ones now remembered. Adam 3 years ago lived in Ohio at the age of 95, Isaac, the grandfather of Sidney S.,had 5 sons and 3 daughters, Uriah, Elenius, Daniel, Isaac and Jacob, twins, Roxy, Olive and Rebecca. Daniel now lives in Pawnee Co., Kansas, at the age of 84 years. Jacob K-, the last mentioned, was the father of our subject, and was bom in New York in 1803. Isaac, sr., moved from Mass. to Cataraugus Co., N. Y., where Uriah and Daniel married ; the former had one son named Elenius, and died ; his widow now lives in N. Y. Elenius, sr., died in N. Y., and Daniel, Isaac and Jacob K. moved to Ohio, where the latter married in 1825 or '26, and went to farm ing. In the spring of 1832 or '33 he took his carpet-sack upon his hack and started on foot and alone through the thick forests of Ohio and Ind., and came to Ft. Dearborn, now Chicago. He rested there 2 426 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. days and proceeded to Jackson Co., Mo. He remained there 6 weeks when he started back the same road he went and reached his home in the fall, after traveling 1,400 miles. In the spring of 1838 he started with his family to Illinois, but stopped in Ind. until 1839, when he again started and finally landed in Hancock Co., 111., in 1840 or '41. In 1845 his wife died, and in 1846 he moved to Wis consin, and in '47 to Ohio, and in 1854 to Macomb, 111.,, where he lived one year, when he again returned to Wis., and in '68 to Ohio, where, Jan. 15, 1870, in Claridon, he died. His children were Sidney, Franklin, Albert B., Corydon C., Willard D., Orson, Barbara and and Sarah : all are living save Willard, who was killed in the Rebellion. Our subject's grandparents on his mother's side were Germans. S. S. remained in Ohio until he was 10 years old, when he came to Illinois with his parents. When they went to Wisconsin he was sick with the "chills" and did not go. In Aug., 1845, he went to Macomb, where with the exception of a season upon a farm a few miles east of that city and one year at Bardolph in the same county, he lived till 1868. On Nov. 3 of that year he moved to Vermont, this county, and in 1872 to Chicago, and returned to this county, locating in Astoria, in 1876. His father was a mechanic and labored at ship-carpentering. He also adopted the life of a mechanic, and has been engaged at almost all the trades at different times, and as a mechanic possesses an ingenious mind. During the years he lived at Chicago and for several years previously, he was engaged in contracting and building, at which business he is now employed. He enjoyed but limited advantages to obtain an education, the early years of his life being passed upon the frontier at hard labor. He was united in marriage with Rebecca Jane Clarke, March 30, 1848. She was the daughter of David and Eliza Swink (Russell) Clarke, and was born in Kentucky Nov. 20, 1829. Her parents were pioneers of this State. The former was born Sept. 28, 1799, and the latter July 3, 1805, both in Ky., and she died Sept. 18, 1875. There|Were born to S. S. and Rebecca J. Chapman 10 children : Frank M., born Jan. 1, '49 ; Emma E., Oct. 24, '50; Chas. C, July 2, '53; Eliza H., Feb. 21, '55, died Sept. 13, '60; David E., Feb. 6, '57, deceased Oct. 27, '57 ; Christopher C, Aug. 23, '58; Wm. D., Feb. 4, '61, deceased Dec. 30, '61 ; Samuel J., Oct. 22, '62; Dollie E., Aug. 14/64, and Luella, May 22, '70. All of them were born at Macomb save Columbus and Luella, the former of whom was born at Bardolph and the latter at Vermont. Mrs. Rebecca Chapman died suddenly on the evening of Jan. 2, 1874, in Chicago, and was laid at rest in the cemetery at Macomb. Sidney S. was again married Dec. 30, 1875, to Ann Eliza Clarke, a sister of his former wife. Two children, Ira and an infant, have been born to them. Emma E. married L. W. B. Johnson Dec. 18, 1873, and now resides in Kansas. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 427 S. W. Clark, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 1 ; P. O., Astoria. Samuel W. Clark was born in Belmont Co., O., March 29, 1819. His father, John Clark, it is supposed, was a native of Maryland, where he married Mrs. Elizabeth Green, by whom he had 10 chil dren. Samuel was the youngest. He married Miss Eliza McFad- den, in his native county. During the autumn of 1844 Mr. C. came to 111., locating in Vermont township, and the following spring in Astoria township, where he bought 160 acres of land very little improved. The township was then heavily timbered, but he set about clearing and now has a well improved farm. All that Mr. C. owns to-day is to his own credit, as it was won by persistent and hard work led by an energy of purpose which never flagged. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Clark was blessed with 10 children, 8 of whom are living, — Thomas H., Nancy E., James F., Charles W., George O., Fannie M., Nelson and Robert L. Dr. Russell Coe, who has gained a large local and State reputation as a physician and surgeon, is a native of Towanda, Pa., where he was born in 1813. His father, James Coe, was a Presbyterian preacher, who resides in Clermont Co., O., and is now upwards of 103 years old and still active. Russell having determined to study medicine, made his way to Cleveland in 1843 and entered the Western Reserve College, at which he graduated with honor in 1846. He first located at Beardstown, 111., and not only built up a good reputation there but at St. Charles, Mo., Mt. Sterling, 111., and other places. While living in Mo. he put upon the market the famous cough syrup that bears his name, and that to-day finds such a large sale in the Union. In 1873 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Willis, of Garnett, Kan. He then located at Astoria ; in 1875 moved to Ohio and in 1878 returned, and now he enjoys a good practice. Martin Cook, deceased, was a well-known resident of Astoria. He was born in Columbiana Co., O., May 7, 1847, and passed his youth in Sandusky Co. Desirous of obtaining a good education he entered Oberlin College. In an early day he located in Browning, Schuyler Co., 111., where he taught the public school as principal, and where he married Miss Ida L. Bader, daughter of Jeremiah Bader, a native of Germany, who emigrated to this country many years ago and settled in Pennsylvania. There he married Miss Sarah Thompson. Mr. Bader moved to Ohio, then to Schuyler Co., where he died. Mr. Cook taught school for many years of his life in the towns of this county, and latterly was principal of the schools at Astoria. After a life of usefulness he passed away. His death oc curred May 11, 1879. He was a man highly respected and es teemed. Mrs. Cook resides in Astoria. David Corbett, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 5 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Harrison^Co., O., June 11, 1818, and is the son of Samuel Corbett, a native of Ireland. In the flush of early manhood he crossed the ocean to this country, but just where he settled is not known, probably in Ohio, where he followed farming and married 428 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mrs. Elizabeth Maxwell, and they had 6 children, of whom David was the youngest but one. In Harrison Co. David united his fortunes with Miss Susan Harrison, daughter of Wm. Harrison. In 1842 Mr. C. set out for the West, eventually reaching Astoria township, where he worked as a cooper. In 1844 or '45 he made his first purchase of land, consisting of 110 acres. As it was heavily timbered he labored hard for many years,- determined to make a home for his family ; how well he has succeded subsequent years have shown. It may truly be said of him that he is a model farmer and deserves all that, his industry has made. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Corbett was blessed with 8 children, 6 of whom are living,— John, Granville, Albert, Catherine, Samuel and Oscar. McDonald Cox, carriage and wagon-maker, has been a resident of this flourishing town for upwards of 20 years, and during the past 16 years has controlled a large trade in Fulton Co. He is an ener getic and skillful workman. He erected a portion of his present factory in 1872, completing it in 1875 and '76, and proposes to make another addition this year. In various ways Mr. C. has- shown his enterprise and interest in Astoria. He has erected lumber houses, one shop, now Bowman's livery barn, and also the building occupied by Bowman as a hotel, and two substantial residences. In 1865 he was united in marriage to Miss Minerva Boyd, daughter of John Boyd, sen., by whom he has 3 children, — Walter, Hattie and George. J. B. Coyner, lumber dealer, located in this thriving town during the month of February, 1871. He is a native of Augusta, Va., and was born in the year 1 842. His father, Harrison H. Coyner, was a Southern planter, and was a gentleman of considerable means be fore the war. The subject of this sketch obtained a liberal educa tion. During the war and at the fall of Vicksburg he concluded to cas '• his fortunes in the West, and accordingly in 1863 he came to Astoria. Here he engaged" in contracting and building, and put up some of the best buildings in this section. In 1873 he purchased property from B. F. Linn and opened a lumber yard where he has since carried on a large trade. In 1866 he was married to Miss Ella E., daughter of William Hettrick, of Astoria tp. Of this marriage 6 children were born, — Mary E., William, John W., Charles E., George H. and Olive Bell. R. L. Craigo, farmer and1 stock-raiser, sec. 23; P. O., Astoria; was born in Tuscarawas Co., O,, in 1849. His father, David Craigo, was a native of Green Co., Pa., and was a farmer ; he married Miss Larina Dane Simpson, who bore him 9 children, 7 of whom are now living. About 1845 David Craigo emigrated to Ohio, where he passed the remainder of his life, and where our subject attained his majority. Nine years ago he came to Astoria tp., where he has since acquired a valuable farm property of 111 acres. In 1876 he was united in marriage to Miss Carrie S. Sharpe, daughter of Jacob Sharpe, a native of New York State. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 429 Lewis Cramer, farmer, sec. 29; P. O., Astoria. In 1827, May 30 there was born to Samuel and Elizabeth Cramer, in Knox Co., 0. a son, the subject of this biography. At an early age he accom panied his parents to Vermont township, this county, and the fol lowing winter located in this township. In 1849 he married Miss Nancy Downen, daughter of Josiah Downen. Their children num ber 7, — Eliza J., Elizabeth, Velila, Charles, John, Rachel and Mon roe. Mr. C. first purchased 80 acres of poorly improved land, but now owns a 180-acre well-improved farm. David Danner, farmer, sec. 13 ; P. O., Astoria. The subject of this biography was boru in York Co., Pa., in 1828. His ancestry can be traced back to an early date in the pioneer history of the Keystone State. While a youth David learned the wagon-maker's trade, and for a short time worked as a journeyman. In 1847 he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Grissie Ann Baker, who has borne him 10 children. In 1864 Mr. D. came to Illinois and located in Astoria tp. In 1865 he purchased his present farm. Jacob Danner, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 22 ; P. O., Astoria ; was born near Dayton, O., May 3, 1849. His father, Jacob Dan ner, next mentioned, is a native of Pennsylvania. In an early day he settled in Fulton Co., where he ranks among the wealthiest agri culturists of the county. Jacob, jr., passed his boyhood days in Fulton Co. ; received a liberal education, and early in life became identified with the farming interests. In 1873 he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah M. Thompson, daughter of Lewis Thompson, of Pennsylvania. Jacob Danner was born in York Co., Pa., in the year 1800. His father, David Danner, was also a native of the Keystone State. His ancestry can be traced back for 200 years, when Switzerland was under German rule. Mr. D. relates that his ancestry belonged to that class of Christians known as Dunkards ; that through religious persecutions they were compelled to leave their native land, and ac cordingly settled in Pennsylvania shortly after William Penn arriv ed. David Danner was married to Mary Stambaugh, who bore him 6 children, Jacob being the eldest. He lived in Pennsylvania until he attained his 33d year, where he had in the meantime learned the carpenter and cabinet-maker's trade, and was married to Miss Catha rine Stambaugh. In 1833 he moved to Ohio, where for a time he became a distiller.. In 1849 he settled in Schuyler Co., 111., and the following year settled upon a farm in this township, where he now owns 800 acres of fine land. Mrs. Danner was laid at rest ten years ago On the 24th of January. Their marriage was blessed with 8 chil dren. Those living are Solomon, Henry, Jacob, Sarah and Caroline. It may be truly said of Mr. D. that he not only ranks among our most opulent farmers, but he is known as among the most generous citizens of Fulton Co. Solomon Danner, agriculturist, son of the above, was born in York Co., Pa., June 15, 1829, and was about 3 years old when his 430 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. parents settled in Butler Co., O., where he grew to manhood,. and for some years became employed on the Cincinnati & Toledo Canal. In the spring of 1849 he came to this county, where he has since re sided, and has succeeded in accumulating considerable wealth. In 1857 he was married to a daughter, Miss Elizabeth, of James Litch field, who ranks among the early settlers of the county. Eight children have been born to them, 7 of whom are living,— Sarah C. Jane H., Jacob L. (deceased),. Henry, Samuel B., William J., John and Albert. Moses L. Derry, farnier, sec. 1 ; P. O., Vermont. Mr. D. is a native of Harrison Co., O., where he was born on the 8th of Oct., 1840. His father, Solomon Derry, moved to Illinois with his family and settled in Vermont tp., this county, where he still resides. Moses grew to manhood in that township, and while living there was united in marriage with Phoebe Hoppings, by whom he has three ¦ children. William F. Derry, farmer, sec. 3; P. O., Vermont; was born in Fulton Co., in July, 1850. His father, Wm. Derry, is one of the most prominent farmers of the township. Wm. F. grew up in this county and received a good common-school education. " From boy hood he has followed farming. In 1874 he was united in marriage with Miss Anna, daughter of John Keller, of Pa. Of this marriage two children were born, — Rosa B. and Jessie M. George D. Duncan, merchant, is a native of Pennsylvania, where he was born in 1835. On attaining his majority he made his way to Fulton Co., locating at Vermont. He engaged in the saddlery and harness line of trade there. After a successful business of two years, owing to ill-health he engaged in farming for some time, al though for 9 subsequent years he dealt in the same business at Bushnell, 111. He settled at Astoria in 1873, and in company with Mr. S. Fackler, now a leading employe of Mr. Scripps, embarked in active business in the thriving town. After a partnership of 3 years it was dissolved, and since then Mr. D. has transacted a successful business as a dry-goods merchant and grocer. W. H. Emerson, of the firm of Emerson & Tanksley, millers and coal dealers, is a native of Cincinnati, O., where he was born in 1833. He is the second child of Joseph C. Emerson, who settled at Cincinnati when it bore the primitive name of Ft. Washington. Here he married Miss Mary A. Collard/who bore him 6 children. Joseph C. moved to Indiana, entered upon a mercantile career and succeeded well, and became a prominent citizen of the State. He died in 1845. Mrs. E. is still living and resides near Cincinnati. For a number of years the subject of this sketch was identified with the milling and grain business of Cincinnati. Considerable, of his early life was spent upon the Pacific] slope. He there engaged in the furniture trade and was the pioneer dealer north of San Fran' cisco. In 1856 he returned to Cincinnati and remained until the Rebellion broke out, when he entered the army as asutler and re- LI*, r^&?/t^y COUNTY JUDGE HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 433 mained for three years. He was wounded and compelled to resign, and soon settled near Dixon, 111., and engaged in general merchan dising. In J 870 he located in Astoria, where in connection with Mr. John Skinner he began to develop the coal interest of tl e place. Messrs. Emerson & Skinner began prospecting and soon sank two shafts which afford a superior quality of coal. They ship to the States of Missouri and Iowa and over this State. During the winter^season 25 car-loads are shipped daily. He is also partner in the White Oak Mills, built in 1878 and has four run of burs. In 1856 he was married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Capt. A. D. Wilson, one of the pioneers of the Western waters and the first to run a steam-boat up the Muskingum river. Isaac Engle, deceased, was born in Virginia in 1808. In an early day his parents, Levi and Nancy Engle, settled in Ohio, where Isaac grew to manhood. In 1826 he came to Illinois and located in Menard Co., and March 8, 1831, at Sugar Grove, he was married to Cynthia Powell, of Ohio. In 1836 or '37 they came to Fulton Co. and moved into a round-log cabin, where all the expe riences of pioueer life were passed through. Although for a num ber of years the family lived in frugality, game was abundant upon the pioneer table, and wild honey gathered in large quantities served to sweeten their humble repast, yet for many years Isaac Engle struggled hare for a livelihood in his forest home, and not until the whistle of the locomotive startled the trapper and hunter into a sense of the fast approaching civilization did he bring his farm into anything like cultivation. Early in life he was led to believe in a higher tribunal than exists upon earth, and thus having made his peace with his Maker he awaited the summons that called him. to a " home not made with hands, eternal in the Heavens," which occurred April 21, 1875, and he was laid at rest amid the scenes of his eventful pioneer life. With his wife, who had con tributed not a little to their prosperity, he left a family of 9 chil dren. Isaac, the eldest son, has been twice married ; his first wife was Matilda Doty, the second, Miss Emma Smith ; Andrew mar ried Susan Mitchell ; Joseph married Ellen Wunderlich ; Elizabeth is the wife of Joab Darrow ; Thomas is the husband of Rebecca Rush ; Louisa the wife of Nathaniel Smith ; Brunetta married David Bollinger; Emily, S. A. Russell, and Stephen, Cynthia Hath. /. C. English, boot and shoe-maker. James C. English is a native of Indiana, where he was born in 1856. His father, John English, was born in Belmont Co., O., where he followed farming to some extent ; and having a liberal education, at the early age of 16 became a teacher in the public schools. During the fall of 1864 he moved to Illinois, locating in Astoria, where he opened a boot and shoe store, having acquired the trade in Indiana. Here he has gained a reputaou as a superior workman, and no one is more uni- versGlly respected in the community. Franklin Fackler, retired blacksmith and pioneer of Fulton Co. 27 434 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Among those battling for an existence in an early day none, per- hups, displayed more energy and pluck than Mr. F. He was born in the Old Dominion, Dec. 3, 1807. His father, Samuel Fackler was a native of Va. and a tanner by occupatron ; he married Miss Elizabeth Fenton, who bore him two children. Frnklin, the younger, passed his youth in Va., where he learned the trade of blacksmith. In 1828 he was married to Caroline Deary. She was born in Va. During the autumn of 1835 Mr. F. crossed the prairies of Illinois, and arrived in Astoria tp., where shortly afterwards he Opened a blacksmith shop in the old town of Washington. He was soon found to be a good smith and pioneers came from far and near to his shop. In 1837 he located at Astoria and opened the first shop in the place, and for 44 years was well known as a good work man. His marriage was blessed with 8 children, — 6 of whom are living. J. T. Fackler, of the firm of Fackler Bros., carriage and wagon- makers, is a native of Astoria, and was born Oct. 23, 1840, a son of Franklin Fackler, whose sketch is given just above. Thomas, in speaking of his earliest recollections, says he remembers when Astoria contained but few inhabitants, and that Charles Gilbert and other pioneer merchants transacted but a small business. He passed his life thus far in Astoria and vicinity, where, in early life, he be came apprenticed to the trade of wagon and carriage-making and blacksmithing, and for many years has been prominently identified with the business interests of the place. In 1861 he was married to Miss Harriet C. Tracy, by whom he has 7 children, — 5 boys and 2 girls. Samuel Fackler, head salesman in the dry-goods and grocery house of Wm. Scripps, the well-known banker and merchant ; was born in Astoria in 1842. His father, Franklin Fackler, is sketched above. Samuel grew to manhood in Astoria, and received a liberal education, and first entered the employ of Mr. Scripps, as a clerk. With the exception of 3 years, then in business with G. D. Duncan, Mr. F. has continued in the service of Mr. Scripps, attaining the position of head clerk. In 1868 he was married to Miss Isabel Price, daughter of Benj. Price, of Penn. Geo. D., Lillie B., Nellie C, and Grace M. are their children.. Mr. F. is a consistent and active member of the M. E. Church. C>oper Farr, retired farmer. There are but few agriculturists in Fulton better or more favorably known than the subject of this sketch. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1807. His father, Amos Farr, was also a native of the Keystone State, and a millwright by occupation. He was married while residing in that State to Miss Susan Fox, by whom he had 7 children, Cooper being the second. About 1810 this family moved to Ohio, where our subject attained his majority. While there, in the year 1828, he was united in marriage with Miss Ada Linn, a native of Penn. In 1836 he concluded to settle in Illinois. Accordingly, in a covered wagon, after one month HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY,. 435 of travel, he landed in Astoria township, where he purchased 160 acres of heavily timbered land, which he set about clearing with en ergy. The first year he brought about 4 acres under cultivation, and year by year he cleared more and was soon on the road to pros perity. He built on his arrival a rough log cabin, and the first winter he lived rather roughly. Ventilation was quite abundant; although no window or door adorned the cabin, yet the wind, sun light, rain and snow gained free access through the cracks between the logs. He now owns 360 acres of well improved land. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Farr was blessed with 11 children, 7 of whom are living, — Eliza D., Elizabeth, Susan, Mary E., William, John and Samuel. John Farr, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 10; P. O., Vermont. John Farr, as well as others who bear the same name, are well known to the people of this community, where they have resided for many years. John is the second son of Cooper and Edith Farr, and was born on the old farm homestead in Astoria township, July 23, 1842. Growing up amid pioneer associations he received a good common- school education. In 1863 he was united in marriage with Miss P. Kane, daughter of Jesse Kane, a native of Ohio. Belle B. and Cooper are their two children. John D. Fenton, city expressman, is a native of Virginia, of which State his father was also a native. He was born in 1835, His father, Nathan Fenton, was a farmer by occupation. He married Miss Mary J. Derry, and they had 5 children, of whom John was the second. In 1837 Nathan Fenton settled in Fulton Co., where he died. John grew up here and received a fair educa tion. In 1855 he was united in marriage with Miss Eliazabeth Westphal, daughter of Edward Westphal, of Ohio. In 1862 Mr. F. entered Uncle Sam's service, enlisted in Co. H, 85th 111. Inf., for 3 years ; was in the battles of Chickamauga, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Savannah, Bentonville, etc. At the close of the war1 he returned to Astoria where he owns property. James and Ettie, deceased, William, Mary, Lula and Dora are the children born to him and wife'. Edward Foster, farmer, sec. 18 ; P. O., Vermont. Upon the 18th of Aug., 1818, there was born to Edward and Ann (Woodrow) Foster in the State of Maryland a son, the subject of this biography. His father was a wheelwright by trade, but in after years he farmed. Edward was the eldest of a family of 5 children. At the age of 16 he went with his parents to Ohio. In 1842 he took unto himself a wife b the perso'n of Miss Mary Mercer, who became the mother of 6 children, all of whom are living. In 1851 Mr. F. came to Astoria and bought a small farm which has grown to 160 acres. Nov. 12, 1859, Mrs. F. was laid at rest in Salem cemetery. In 1861 he married a sister of his first wife, Miss Sarah A. Mercer, who bore him one child. Mrs. Sarah Foster died in 1876. In 1878 he contracted marriage with Miss Emma Green, of Fayette county,, Pennsylvania. 436 HISTORY OF. FULTON COUNTY. William Foster, farmer, sec. 18; P. O., Vermont; is a native of Noble Co., O., where he was born Aug. 25, 1843. He was 8 years of age when his parents settled in Fulton Co., where young Foster passed his youth among pioneer associates, many of whom are now substantial farmers. Aug. 8, 1862, he enlisted in Co. F, 84th 111, Inf., under command of Col. Waters. Proceeding to the front from Quincy he participated in the most noted battles of the great war as Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, etc. The regi ment remained under fire, during Sherman's march to the sea, for 105 days. Some months after the fight at Nashville, Mr. F. was honorably discharged, and returned to his o.ld home and has since followed farming. Oct. 11, 1866, he wag married to Miss Frances, daughter of Jacob Derry. The children born of this marriage are Clara B. and Minnie R. 0. P. Fry, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 9 ; P. O., Astoria. The grandfather of Oliver P. Fry was a native German, and when the Revolution began he enlisted under the banner of the new Repub lic. Long prior to the war he came to Pennsylvania. He married at the close of the war, Miss Cox, by whom he raised a family of 4 children. Andrew Fry, the father of O. P., the second child, in youth became employed in a machine shop and helped to build the first boiler in Brownsville, Pa. He came to Knox Co., 0., where he married Susanna Cramer, who bore him 3 children, 2 of whom yet survive. In 1845 Andrew Fry came to Astoria tp., began to farm, and proved successful; he died during the winter of '78. The death of Mrs. F. occurred 4 years prior to that of her husband. Oliver was born in Coshocton Co., O., Feb. 18, 1824. In 1869 he was married in Rushville to Miss Lucy, daughter of Dr. E. Clark, Mr. Fry has held many of the official positions of his township and always with satisfaction. G. W. Gain, farmer, sec. 19; P. O., Ray, Schuyler Co. G. ¥. Gain is the youngest child born of the marriage of James W. Gain to Matilda Sergeant. James Gain was a native of England and probably followed the occupation of a baker, as this was his calling for a number of years after his arrival in America, which was about 1840. He came from New York city to Schuyler Cov 111., and en gaged in farming. He died in that county in the thirty-fifth year of his age. With his wife, who is still living, he left a family of 3 children. George was born in Schuyler Co., in 1843. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. B, "ll9th 111. Inf., and participated in 8 battles. He was among the last who left Uncle Sam's service, being honorably discharged in Aug., 1865. He married, in Oct., 1866, Miss Melissa H. Mayo, by whom he has 4 children,— William, Mary E., George W. and Ettie. In 1869 he bought his present farm and moved to this county. Robert Gale is a native of England, where he was born in 1836. In 1867 he was united in marriage near London with Miss Eliza Wade, daughter of Robert and Mary Ann Wade, by whom he has HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 437 four children, — William, Elizabeth, Caroline and Amelia. Robert Gale is the son of John and Elizabeth (Shaw) Gale, and was the eldest of a family of 11 children. He was raised on a farm. In 1869 he crossed the Atlantic for the New World and landed in Canada. He made his way to Chicago, thence to Stark Co., and after a short residence there located in this tp., where he continues to reside, on sec. 35; he is engaged in farming. P. O., Astoria. Caleb W. Gibbs, deceased, was a well-known resident of this county. He was born in Fayette Co., Pa., Mar. 14, 1821. His father, Jonah Gibbs, was also, a native of the Keystone State. Ca leb Gibbs united in marriage, Oct. 3, 1848, with Miss Sarah, daugh ter of Booth McCormick. In 1844 Mr. G. came to Astoria tp., and the following autumn purchased a farm of 80 acres, to which he has added more. His death occurred May 22, 1877. Mr. G. is de scribed as a model farmer, an upright citizen and an honorable busi ness man. Tothecareof his wife he left 3 children, — Alfred, Melinda and Allen D. Mrs. Gibbs was born in Pennsylvania April, 9, 1831 . John A. Gilliland, farmer, sec. 6; P. O., Vermont; is a native of Missouri, where he was born Dec. 9, 1823. His father, Hiram A. Gilliland, was a native of North Carolina, and in an early day moved to Missouri, where he was united in marriage to Miss Matil da M. Seeley, daughter of Eziekel Seeley. There were born of this marriage 11 children, 10 of whom grew to imture years. John was the second son. On attaining his majority in 1845, located at Rushville, this State, and shortly afterwards moved to Springfield, where he learned the brick and stone-mason trades. He soon be came quite extensively engaged as a contractor and builder. April 14, 1854, he was united in marriage with Miss Lucinda Owen, daughter of Dr. Owen, one of the original founders of Astoria. In 1855 Mr. G. purchased the tannery situated at Astoria and owned by John Boyd. He was quite successful here and gained the confi dence of the people by honest dealing. He then became a partner of W. H. Green in the harness trade, having sold his tannery to Chas. Chaddock, and dissolving partnership with Mr. Green in 1867 he purchased 100 acres of land in Astoria township, and now owns 140 acres. He has held many local offices. Of the marriage above referred to 4 children were born, three of whom are living, — James H., Chas. C. and Ernest A. W, A. Grady, baker and confectioner, arrived in Astoria March 10, 1879, and has already succeeded in building up a large local trade. He was born in Fairfield Co., O., Aug. 1, 1847. His father, Oliver Grady, was a native of Pennsylvania and a tailor by occupation ; he moved to Ohio in an early day, where he was married to Miss Eliza beth Hoopes, by whom he had 3 children ; W. A. the eldest. W. A. grew up in Ohio and came to 111. in 1871, and settled in Ver mont. In 1873 he was united in marriage with Miss Harriet, daughter of Aaron Hickson, of Va. Hattie M. and William R. are their children. 438 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Daniel Haffner, farmer and stock-raiser, was born near the Shen andoah Valley in the Old Dominion, in 1814. His father,Andrew Haffner, was a native of the Keystone State. He moved to Vir ginia early in life, and there married Mary Tharbaugh, by whom he had 10 children, 9 of whom grew to mature years, and 3 of whom are living at present, — Daniel, Samuel, a farmer of this township, and Margaret, the wife of Samuel McClung, also of this township, Daniel grew to manhood in Virginia, and married Miss Diana Lute. Eight children blessed the union, 7 of whom are living, — Balseer, Catharine P., Sarah R., Samuel H., Betsy H., William and Andrew. In 1852 Mr. H. landed in this townsHip and purchased 160 acres of land, but now owns more. John W. Hall & Son, attorneys at law. The senior member of this firm is i well-known lawyer. He was born in Va. March 22, 1833. When still a youth he accompanied his parents to Licking Co., O., and at the city of Granville he fitted himself for the business pursuits of life, and for a number of years worked at the tailor's trade. But he had a desire to become an attorney and studied late and early, and for three years read under P. W. Gallagher, a talented attorney. In 1855, in Fulton county, he was married to Miss N. C. Taylor; in 1854 settled at Cuba. From there he went to Bush nell and was appointed Postmaster by Pres. Lincoln. Resigning he went to Chillicothe, Mo., and was appointed on U. S. Secret Service. After the war, went to Elmwood, then to Cuba, both places as a merchant, and after much travel settled in Astoria in 1877. Of the marriage above spoken of 6 children were born, of whom but one survives, E. C, the law partner of his father. James L. Haney, farmer, sec. 5 ; P. O., Vermont. James Haney was born in Fayette Co., Pa., in Aug., 1852. In 1857 his parents located in Fulton Co., where James received a good common-school education. In 1878 he was united in marriage with Miss Edith A. Nelson, daughter of J. O. Nelson, of this county. Lewis Haney, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 5 ; P. 0., Vermont; was born July 1, 1819. His father, Samuel Haney, was a farmer by occupation, and married Miss Rachel Moore. They reared a fam ily of ten children. Lewis, the seventh child of this marriage, re ceived & common -school education, and from boyhood engaged in agricultural pursuits. In 1844 he was married to Miss Mary Ann Ridgely of Pa. This union has been blessed with 4 children, 3 of whom are living, — Caroline, John S. and Perry B. In Dec./ 1850, Mrs. H. was laid at rest in the village cemetery. The following year he was married to Miss Ann Moulton, by whom he had 5 children, 4 of whom are living, — James L., Mary A., Rebecca V. and Margaret M. In 1857 Mr. H. settled in this township. Samuel Heath, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 21 ; P. 0.,«Astoria. The above-named gentleman ranks among the good farmers of this township. He was born in Alleghany Co., Pa., Dec. 19, 1832. At an early day his parents emigrated to Ohio, where our subject HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 439 grew to manhood. In 1855 he ventured further west, locating in Astoria township, where he has since followed agricultural pursuits. He joined hands in holy wedlock with Miss Mary Landis in 1862. Five of the 8 children she has borne are living. Their names are, Alta M., May F., Wm. H. Frank E. and Ralph A. P. A. Hnderson, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 6 ; P. O., Vermont. S. A. Henderson is numbered among the early settlers of this town ship. His lather, William Henderson, was among the first pioneers who founded homes in Illinois; he was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., and followed farming from boyhood, and there united his for tunes with those of Miss Nancy Russell, by whom he had 9 children. What is somewhat remarkable is that all of them are living. S. A. was but 10 years of age when his parents settled in Fulton Co. on .farm proparty, where he spent his youth, receiving a liberal edu cation; 1860 he married Miss Hannah, daughter of John and Julia Ingle, by whom he had 9 children : 8 are living, — Edith, Alice, Lela, Marion, Edgar, Willie, Elsie and Anna. Charles is deceased. Louis Hess, farmer, sec. 28 ; P. O., Astoria. Lewis Hess was born in Germany in 1832. He was but 8 years of age when his parents landed in America. They settled in Maryland, where Lewis attained his majority and married Miss Mary Lindon, by whom he has 9 children. Having accumulated property in Maryland Mr. H. disposed of it in 1867 and came west, locating in Astoria township, wherj he first purchassd. 40 acres of land, and now owns 120 acres. Samuel Heston, deceased, was a native of Bucks Co., Pa., where he was born in 1820. Growing to manhood in that State he mar ried, in 184U, Hannah Heaton, of England. In an early day Mr. H. with his family moved to Ohio, where he remained 8 years, and then cams to Astoria township, where he resided up to the time of his / death, which occurred in Nov., 1867. To the care of his wife he left 8 children, — David, Eliza, Mary Ann, Sarah J., Ann E., deceased, Harriet, Lydia, Christiana and Rachel. T. M. Hettrick, of the firm of Coyner & Hettrick, lumber deal ers, Astoria. Mr. H. was born in Astoria township, in 1841. His father, Wm. Hettrick, is a resident of this township, where he. is en gaged in farming. Daniel attained liis majority while living on the farm; he acquired a good education and for a number of years taught school. In 1865 he was united in marriage with Miss Ella K. Walker, daughter of Adam Walker, of Ohio. In 1874 he moved to McDonough Co., and during the spring of 1879 came to Astoria and purchased an interest, in the lumber yard of J. B. Coyner, the well-known lumber dealer. William Hettrick, farmer, sec. 21 ; P. O., Astoria. Abraham Het trick, the father of our subject, was a native of the Keystone State, and a farmer by occupation. He loved and wed Miss Susan Wun- derly. William, who was born in March, 1813, in Penn., was her only child. At the age of 27 he went to Virginia and remained until he was 21, serving an apprenticeship in tailoring. He came 440 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. to Edgar Co., III., in 1835, and to Astoria township the following year, where he worked as a journeyman. He then opened a shop at Bernadotte, but soon located on a farm, and after many years of hard work he began to reap the fruits ofhis energy and diligence. Dec. 12, 1839, he was married to Miss Ellen, daughter of H. G. Brand. Thirteen children were born to them, 9 of whom are living, — Daniel, Susan J., Eliza E., Louisa, William, Tulessa, George, Mary and Sarah M. G. V. Hopkins, retired physician, was born in Bourbon Co., Ky., Feb. 3, 1798; his father, Lemuel Hopkins, was a native of Penn sylvania, and a farmer ; Garrett, the subject of this sketch, was so en thusiastic in the study of medicine while young that he qualified himself for practice at a very early age ; in 1810 he settled in Preble Co., O., and became eminent in his practice in a short time; in 1820 he married Miss Susanna Leas, a daughter of Daniel Leas, of Little York, Pa. ; she died, and in 1831 he married Esther Oliver, of Dark Co., O. ; in 1841 he came to the point where Astoria is now situated, and practiced in his profession for many years. Fridolie Horwidel, farmer, sec. 7 ; P. O., Vermont. Mr. H. was born in Germany on the 6th of March, 1837. Receiving a rudi mentary education in his native land, in 1851 he crossed the At lantic for the New World, landing at Baltimore. He proceeded to Pennsylvania where he followed his calling, that of blacksmithing, for a number of years. In 1860 he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Riffle. She has borne him 6 children. In 1866 he settled in Fulton, where he followed farming the first year, and subsequently worked at his trade in Vermont, and in 1876 purchased his present farm. Adam Hott, farmer, sec. 7 : P. O., Vermont. This gentleman is a native of Jefferson Co., O., where he was born July 5, 1820. Grow ing to manhood in his native State, he was married to Miss Barbara Mushrush, by whom he had 9 children, 8 of whom are living. For many years of his life Mr. H. was a wagon-maker and has followed agricultural pursuits later in life. At the close of the Rebellion he came to Illinois and settled in Schuyler Co. ; two years later he Came to Fulton, where he. has since resided upon his farm. Since his arrival in the West he has held local offices, and in Ohio was Supervisor. William T. Hudnall, farmer, sec. 24; P. O., Astoria; born June 21, 1801, in Virginia, and removed from there to Tennessee, then to Kentucky, where he was married to Miss Sarah Ann Miller. In 1848 he settled in Fulton Co., 111., and in 1852 went to California, where he remained 6 years. Not meeting with success, he returned to his old home in this county. When the late war occurred between the States he enlisted in the 11th 111. Cav. and served 18 mouths; since then he and his estimable wife have resided in this county. Their children are Samuel A., Melvina, Merrill, Sarah, Susannah, Margaret, William C. and J. Walter. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 441 S. A Hunter, cabinet-maker and undertaker, is a well-known business man of Astoria. He was born in Washington Co., O., in 1851. His father, John M. Hunter, was born in Washington Co., Pa. and at the age of ten he accompanied his parents to Ohio, and at Connellsville learned the trade of cabinet-making. While a resident there he married Miss Nancy Shriver, and during the autumn of 1852 came to Astoria, where he is now engaged at cabi net-making. Samuel acquired the trade in Astoria, proved an apt scholar, and is to-day recognized as one of the most skillful work men in this county. In 1875 he was united in marriage to Miss Olive McLellan, a daughter of Robert McLellan, a former well- known agriculturist of this county. They have one child, Mabel. James Jennings, farmer and trader, sec. 33 ; P. O., Astoria ; was born in Tuscarawas Co., O. His father, Lewis Jennings, who is still living, upwards of 80, was born in Frederick Co., Va. In an early day his parents settled in Ohio, where Lewis married Miss Martha Moore, by whom he had 4 children, — James, Robert, Wilson and Nancy. At 35 Mr. J. left Ohio and located in Indiana where he lived for a number of years. Mrs. J. died in Ohio, and the second wife of Mr. J., Susan Miller, bore him 4 children, — Mary, Julia A., Anderson and William. This lady departed this life in Indiana. Mr. J. came to Fulton Co. in 1854, where he resides at present. One year prior to this James Jennings, his son, settled in Astoria tp. He was. then married, having united his fortunes with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Wm. Wheeler, of Va. There were born of this marriage 5 children, — George E., Nancy, William, Ben jamin and Julia A. Mrs. J. died in 1856, and three years later he was married to Miss Delilah Doil, of Ohio. Immer Johnson, deceased. Well and favorably known to the farmers of this county in pioneer days was Mr. Johnson. He was born in Harrison Co., O., Feb. 14, 1815, and but little of his early life is now brought to mind. He was raised upon a farm in his na tive State. In 1835 he came to Astoria township, where he worked at his trade, that of a carpenter. He it was that built many of the cabins, and afterwards the frame buildings that were erected as the county became settled. Without doubt he erected the first church building in the township : it was for the Methodists. The second church was also built by him ; it was for the United Brethren. He was united in marriage in 1839 with Miss Priscilla Buck, of Ohio. He then built a hewn-log house, one rather more comfortable than those generally in use. During the spring of 1857 he sold his property and went to Texas, where he remained until 1865: then he returned and bought 240 acres of land in this township. Mr. J. was not only a prosperous farmer, but one of the most generous of men. He was an exemplary Christian and gave freely to help support all re ligious denominations. He died 13 years ago and his remains were consigned to rest on the farm property. To the care of his wife he left 2 children, — Lydia, who has since died, and Thomas, who resides on the old homestead. 442 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. John Kidd, deceased. For many years John Kidd was a wall- known business man of Astoria. He was a native of York Co,, Pa. where he was born in 1814. While a resident of that State he en tered actively into business and for a number of years carried on a good trade. In 1841 he was united in marriage with Miss Julia Ann Reynolds. In an early day he moved to DuPage Co., Ill where he engaged in farming. In 1852 he disposed of his farm property and moved to Astoria, where he purchased mill property from a man by the name of Bacon. For a number of years he was busily engaged at Astoria, when he concluded to locate on Sugar creek, where he met with great misfortune, owing to the explosion ofhis mill. June 23, 1868, he was laid at rest in the Astoria ceme tery, leaving to the care ofhis estimable wife 7 children, — Harriet, Cyrilla, Lucy A., Lovina, Amanda, Addie and Frank. George W. Kost, merchant. When Mr. K. came to Astoria it wras not the bustling town it now is, — not half so large and no enter prise displayed. He, in conjunction with his brother William Kost, built the Fulton Flouring Mills. At the expiration of three years he retired from milling and erected what was then the best business block in town, and became a merchant. Since then he has been ex tensively engaged in the dry-goods and grocery business. He takes a deep interest in Astoria and has the confidence of the entire community. This summer he erected one of the finest residences in the place. He is a consistent member of the Christian Church, and for a long period has been one of the active officials of the Astoria congregation. In 1852 he was united in marriage to Miss Susanna S. Nelson, by whom he has 5 children, — Frank, Laura, Ira, Charley and Fred. John Kost, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 7 ; P. O., Vermont. The ancestry of this family are traced back to Pennsylvania. The father of John was a farmer by occupation, and for a number of years transacted a successful business as a tanner. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Snyder first, and his second wife was Miss Mary Tuckey. John Kost was the second child born of the first mar riage. He learned the carpenter's trade in Penn., and was married there in 1843 to Miss Barbara Hersey. In 1851 he located in As toria township, where he purchased a quarter-section of land, which he set about improving. Year by year he has added to his posses sions and now owns large tracts of land in Illinois, Iowa and Mis souri. It is generally supposed that Mr. Kost is the wealthiest ag riculturist in the township; but his possessions have by no means dwarfed a naturally generous disposition. Mrs. Kost died" in 1858 and was laid at rest in the Vermont cemetery. In 1859 he was married to Catharine Lark, who bore him 4 children. But few men have begun life under more discouraging circumstances and few have succeeded better. William Kost, miller and stock dealer, is a native of Cumberland Co., Pa., where he was born in 1830; his father, John Kost, was by HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 443 occupation a farmer and blacksmith, who moved to Knox Co., O., in 1832 ; his wife was Mrs. Elizabeth (Wolf) Kost. During the infancy of William Kost his father died, leaving to the care of Mrs. K. 10 children. In a new country with so large a family we well know she had a hard struggle, but was never discouraged. She labored faithfully and in the declining years of life she lived in affluence. She died near Mt. Vernon, O., at the age of 77. Early in life William learned the trade of carpenter, and in 1850 conclud ed to come west, and accordingly came to this county, where he erected many buildings. In 1856 he was married to Miss Martha M. Bottenberg. After a residence of 12 years in Vermont and vicinity he settled at Astoria, where he erected in conjunction with others the Fulton Flouring Mills, which has 3 run of stone on local trade. Associated with him is Mr. Nicholas Hipsley. In 1874 he erected his present handsome residence. John M. Lane, liveryman, located in Astoria March 15, 1874. Four years ago he purchased ground on the northeast corner of the square where he erected his present large stables; since which time he has had control of a large proportion of the livery business of Astoria, running from 9 to 12 head of horses and carrying a good stock of the best-make buggies and carriages. Mr. L. was born in Missouri and passed his boyhood and youth in Cuba, where he received a fair education. With little exception he has been a life-long resident of Fulton Co. In Aug., 1867, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Milligan, who passed through the portals into eternity on the 19th of January, 1879. M. K. Lerew, proprietor of one of the leading meat markets of Astoria. In many ways he has proved himself a live business man. Last winter he erected an ice-house of large capacity, and is fully prepared to furnish the citizens of Astoria with the choicest cuts of meat always fresh and nice. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1851. His father, Samuel Lerew, was of French origin ; he died when our subject had attained only his seventh year, and in consequence but little is known of his early life. At 18*Mioliael left Pa. for 111. and located at Astoria. He first entered into business upon his own account in 1873. During that year he married Miss Kate Heltzel, a daughter of Jonas Heltzel. They have two chidren. > William Lewis, farmer, sec. 35; P. O., Astoria. Mr. L. is a native of Kentucky and a son of Wilson and Mahala (Turner) Lewis. His father is a prominent farmer of this county. William was born in 1844 and was the third child of a family of 7. He was 9 years of age when his family settled here, and this he has since made his home. 1870 he was wedded to Rebecca Sayers. George and Harvey were born to them. In 1877 Mrs. L. died and her re mains were consigned to earth in Astoria cemetery. In 1878 Mr. L. united his fortunes with those of Mary C. Turner. Michael Lind, deceased, was a native of Pennsylvania, where he passed his childhood. He followed farming there, and was united 444 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. in marriage with Miss Mary — who has borne him 10 children, of whom 9 are living, — David, Lizzie, Mary, Abe, Susan, — , — Michael, Carl, Diana and Mendelia. Eleven years after his marriage Mr. L. settled in Fulton Co. Having some means he purchased 80 acres of land in Astoria township, where he resided up to the time ofhis demise, which occurred Sept. 14, 1872. Mr. L. is de scribed as an industrious, honest farmer, and in his death the county lost a most valuable citizen. James Litchfield, farmer, sec. 19; P. O., Vermont; is the son of Leonard and Mary (Spaulding) Litchfield, and was born in the State of New York, Sept. 15, 1801. His father was a, soldier in the war of 1812, and followed farming and milling during the greater portion of his life. James is the third of a family of 5 children, and on attaining his eighteenth year he moved to Coshocton Co., 0., and learned the trade of manufacturing windmills. While a resident of Ohio, in 1825, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Hannah Henderson, who bore him 4 children. Mrs. L. was laid at rest in 1836, and the following year he married Miss Jane Livingston, ,daughter of William Livingston, a well-known early settler of Co shocton Co. There were born to this marriage 8 children, all of whom are living, — Elizabeth, Sarah J., Harriet, Emily, Olive, Jane; Manford and Martha. On his arrival here Mr. L. lived in a small round-log cabin, the eaves of which offered a tempting roosting place for the numerous wild turkeys. He soon erected a better cabin, which answered his family for a long time. Martin Litchfield, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 5 ; P. O., Vermont, Chauncey Litchfield, the father of our subject, was a native of New York State, where he followed agricultural pursuits. During the early settlement of Ohio he located in Coshocton Co. and for a number of years resided in that State ; in all probability was married there. His wife was Miss Martha Knight, who bore him 6 children, of whom Martin was the youngest. He passed his boyhood and grew to manhood in this county, receiving a liberal education. Mr. L. states that during his boyhood very little land through this section was under cultivation, and for the most part was heavily timbered. In 1858 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Pollock, daughter of David Pollock, by whom he has 8 children, — Frank, Elmer, Sophia, Lovina, Oscar, Cora, Stella and Bessie. Lovell & Smith, dealers in groceries, queensware, etc. These gen tlemen are among the live, enterprising merchants of Astoria. They associated themselves together only a year ago, yet have built up a large trade. The firm is successor to Argo & Lovell, who pur chased the present property three years ago. In addition to the above line Messrs. Lovell & Smith are the only ice dealers in Astoria. Last year they -stored 90 tons of fine ice. They intend to make this line a specialty and supply Astoria and surrounding country. As a firm they deserve the patronage of the people. J. L. Lunt, farmer, sec. 22 ; P. O., Astoria. On the 9th of Nov., HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 445 1842, Jason L.Lunt arrived at Sharpe's Landing, Fulton Co., later he made his way to Woodland township, and purchased a quarter- section of land, and 6 years later moved into Astoria township. He is a native of Maine, where he was born Oct. 27, 1810. His father, Rufus Hunt, was born in the same State, where he followed farm ing and there married Mrs. Ruth Smith, also a native of Maine and and whose ancestry were among the pioneers of New England. Of this marriage 10 children were born, and what is remarkable, all are living at the present writing. At the early age of 16 Jason shipped on board a merchant-vessel, making two voyages to Europe, and subsequently became employed in a woolen mill. Attaining his majority he again shipped before the mast, this time on Lake Erie. For several years he led a somewhat roving life, and finally, in 1842, set foot in old Fulton, where he has accumulated wealth as a farmer. In 1845 he was married to Miss Jane Darrell of Kennebunk, Me. B. W. Lutz, agriculturist. Although not among the first settlers, yet Balseer W. Lutz as a prominent farmer is worthy of space in a local history. He was born in Kentucky, Aug. 25, 1819, and is the eldest son of Daniel and Diana Lutz, who had moved to Kentucky from the Old Dominion State. They returned again to Virginia, where B. W. grew to manhood. April 14, 1840, he was married to Miss Eliza Ulray, who was a daughter of John Ulray and born in Rock ingham, Va., April 5, 1817. Fourteen years later he came to As toria, and soon purchased a portion of his present farm. He now owns 240 acres of land rarely equaled in this portion of Fulton. Eight children were born of the marriage, 5 of whom are living, — Diana, the wife of Perry Farrow ; John H., whose name appears elsewhere in this book ; J. B. C. ; W. R., who married Miss Maggie Swisher; Eliza J., who resides on the homestead. John H. Lutz, agriculturist, was born in Va., and is the second child of B. W. Lutz, of the Old Dominion ; he was a farmer and married Miss Eliza Ulray. In 1854 Mr. L. moved his family to 111. and settled in Astoria township, where he resides at the present time. John grew up in this county. He first purchased 200 acres of land and now owns 360 acres. In 1869 he was married to Miss Caroline Danner, daughter of Jacob Danner, who is regarded as one of model farmers of 111., and the owner of nearly 1,000 acres of land. Of this marriage 4 children were born. Solomon Lybarger, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 9 ; P. O., Astoria. Mr. L. is a native of Knox Co., O., where he was born Aug. 5, 1820. His father, Daniel Lybarger, was a native of Bedford Co., Pa.; he was a farmer by occupation, married Anna Geary, and had a family of 9 children, of whom Solomon was the eldest son. Daniel Lybarger moved to Ohio in an early time, and while living there, 1844, Solomon married Miss Rosanna Frey, and the following year he came west and located in Fulton Co., Avhere he has since been. a prominent resident. He first worked as a farm hand and two years later purchased a farm, which is one of the best improved 446 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. farms in Astoria township. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Lybarger has been blessed with 11 children, 9 of whom are living, — Daniel, Walter R., Amelia, Delos, Marion, Edmond, Emma, Amanda and Elmer. Thomas Mathewson, photographer, was born in. Jefferson Co., 0,. January 14, 1830. His father, Wm. Mathewson, was a thorough going business man of Ohio, and subsequently followed farming in 111. Thomas came to Astoria, and in 1850, while a resident of Schuyler Co., he took the California mining fever and accordingly crossed the plains, landing at Sacramento Aug. 5. While there he purchased the old Sutter saw-mill property and succeeded quite well as a miner, although engaged in the famous lawsuit growing out of this disputed property. In 1852 Mr. M. returned to 111. and settled in McDonough Co. In 1853 he was united in marriage.to Miss Jennie, daughter of John Mathewson. Later in life Mr. M. turned his attention to portrait painting and met with wonderful success. In 1862, learning his present business, he settled at Astoria where he has a fine gallery. While he devotes himself to this art Mrs. Mathew son is no less enterprising and conducts a first-class establishment. Samuel Maxwell, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 13; P. O., Astoria* Mr. M. is native of Fulton Co., and was born on the old homestead of bis parents Nov. 3, 1844. His father, James Maxwell, is well remembered by the pioneers of this section ; he was born in Bartel Co., Va., and in an early day moved to Ohio and there followed farming. There he married Miss Polly Corbett, by whom he raised a family of 5 children, Samuel the youngest. In 1865 Samuel en listed in Co. G, 155th regiment. In 1872 he was united in mar riage with Miss Sarah Bricker, daughter of Amos Bricker. They have had 3 children, of whom two are- living, — Florence A. and Minnie M. Edward McClelland, farmer, and stock-raiser, sec. 24; P. 0., Astoria. Edward McClelland is one of the leading farmers of this township, where he was born July 18, 1849. Robert and Priscilla McClelland were his parents. In 1870 he was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Teter, daughter of Noah and Catharine Teter. Lutie and Carrie are their children. Mr. McC. is the owner of a fine farm property of 149 acres. John McClelland, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in this county in March, 1840. His father, Robt. McClelland, of whom we speak above, was born in Ireland and came to America nearly half a century ago. He at first settled in Ohio, then came to Bond' Co., 111. John grew to manhood in Fulton Co., and remembers the time when Astoria was corhposed of only a few plainly constructed houses. At such odd times as the duties of the farm would permit he attended the district schools. In 1865 he was united in mar riage to Miss A. Hopkins, a daughter of G. D. Hopkins, a well- known early settler of this county. There were born of this mar riage 4 children,— Laura M., Esther H., Albert J. and E. M. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 447 Mrs. McC. died in 1872, and in 1874 he was married to Miss T. M. Bartholow. They have two children : Emily and Robt. C. Mrs. Priscilla McClelland, relict of Robert McClelland, was born in Jefferson Co., O., in 1814. In an early day her parents moved to 111. Her maiden name was Marshall, and she was mar ried June 30, 1836, to Robert McClelland, a native of Ireland, who was born in 1801. But little of his early life is known; his father died when he had attained his twelfth year, and thus while young he was thrown upon his own resources. He learned the trade of a weaver, and at 19 crossed the ocean for America. He went to N. J., but did not long remain there; he came to Illinois prior to the Black Hawk war, and soon afterward came to Astoria township and engaged in farming. Mr. McClelland was a farmer of uncommon energy and set to work making a farm in the timber, and how well he succeeded in life is well known to the business and farming community. When his life's labors drew to a close there were others besides near and dear relations who missed the familiar face. Finley McCormick, farmer, sec. 8; P. O., Vermont. Among the more substantial farmers and early residents of Fulton Co., Finley McCormick deserves a place. He was born in Fayette Co., Pa., Oct. 13, 1823. FHis father, Booth McCormick was a farmer in Pennsylvania and there passed the remainder of his life. In 1855 Mrs. McCormick settled in Astoria tp., and the subject of this sketch came the following year. He had married in the Keystone State, Miss Ann Hogsett in 1848. Having purchased a farm the year of his arrival, Mr. McC. set about making a home and through' well directed efforts has succeeded. There were born of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. McCormick 8 children, 7 of whom are living, — Ella, Lizzie, Alice, Ross, Chas. E., Robert F. and Jane. Harvey McCormick, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 9 ; P. O., Ver mont. Mr. McCormick ranks among the prominent farmers of Ful ton Co. He was born in Fayette C i.y Pa., 33 miles, above Pitts burg, April 30, 1819. His father, Booth McCormick, came from Ireland in an early day and settled in New Jersey, where he mar ried Miss Phoebe Wheaton, by whom he has had 11 children. Dur- ingthe early settlement of Pennsylvania he located in Fayette Co. Owing to the limited means of his parents and the poor advantages, he received only a meager education ; he has, however, by personal exertion and observation gained much knowledge. In 1845 he married Miss Elizabeth Hogsett, of Pa. He followed farming in Pa., and in 1853 came to Astoria tp., where he purchased 160 acres. He set to work in his Western home and soon displayed more than ordinary skill as a farmer. Step by step he accumulated land and other property, and now he owns over 800 acres of valu able land. Of the marriage above referred to 7 children were bom—Clark, Irwin, Amzie, Finley, Thomas B., Benton, Ella andlda. J 448 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Samuel W. McCune, station agent of the C, B. & Q. Railroad. This gentleman is one of the most courteous agents of this great corporation. He was born at Bloomington, Monroe Co., Ind., July 27, 1852. H3 waseductel at Bloomington, this State. While residing in Indiana, he selected as his future profession that of tele graphy. He accordingly proceeded to Terre Haute, where, and in other cities, he became an apt pupil, and in time a skillful operator. By the Peoria & Springfield R. R. Co. he received the offer of a situation in the company's office at Pekin. There he gained the esteem of his superiors in |;he capacity of agent. He remained there for over a year, when he became employed by the O, B. &Q. R. R. at Astoria. Since here, he has proven himself a capable busi ness man and keeps pace with the times. In 1874 he was marrie- to Miss Mattie, daughter of John H. Ramsey, of Ind. They had one child, R. L., born at Crawfordsville, Ind. John McLaren, agriculturist, is a native of Scotland, where he was born in Oct., 1818. His father, Robert McLaren, was a farmer by occupation and who married Miss Mary Gory, by whom he had 7 children. He crossed the Atlantic with his family in 1823, land ing at Philadelphia. He remained but a short time there when he settled in Gibson Co., Ind. Six months thereafter he died. For 6 years Mrs. McLaren, who was a lady of uncommon energy, labored hard to support her family. In 1827 she came to this Co. and set tled near Astoria, in what is now Woodland tp. The country was rough, their nearest neighbor lived miles away and the only means of grinding grist was in a rude horse-mill situated near Rushville. In 1 843 John was married to Miss Nancy H. Clapper of Kentucky, by whom he had 12 children, 8 of whom are living, — Martin A., William B., Robert H., John T., Lucinda J., Oliver J., Chas. E. and Nancy M. R. F. McLaren, Justice of the Peace, was born1 in Woodland township, this county, in 1835. His father, Peter McLareVi, who resides in Woodland tp., has lived in Fulton county upwards of half a century. He holds a leading position as a farmer and is well, known throughout this section. Robert, whose name heads this. sketch, passed his boyhood in Woodland, and in his eighteenth year was apprenticed to learn the wagon and carriage-making trade, and for a number of years worked as a journeyman in Astoria. He has served as Town Clerk, School Director and a member of the Town Board, and in 1869 was elected J. P. In 1857 he was mar ried to Miss Amanda Lane, daughter of Isaac Lane, of Ky. They have 2 children. ; Robert McLaren, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 25 ; P. 0., Astoria. In relating the life experience of Robt. McLaren we go back to a period of time in pioneer history when scarcely a fence broke the monotony of a bouudless prairie. He was born in Scotland, in Nov., 1816, and when 6 years of age his parents landed in America. He spent a portion of his youth in Indiana. His mother, who had ¦ i t4 MuH will - HHa /H '/??&& HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 457 by whom he reared a family of 10 children. Ephraim was eight years of age when his parents arrived in Astoria. Here his father leased property of Thomas Sidwell, a well-known early resident of Fulton Co. On this property he passed the remainder of his days, and his wife four years later followed her husband to " that bourne from whence no traveler returns." When the war broke out Eph- riam enlisted in Co. H, 84th regt., and participated in many famous battles, and was 110 days under fire during the Atlanta campaign. July 12, 1857, he was married to Miss Sarah Powell, by whom he had two children, — Oscar and Omar. Mrs. R. died Oct. 23, 1863, and in 1866 he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Carna han, by whom he has 6 children, 5 of whom are living, — Melinda, Melissa, Columbus, Charles and Arthur. Henry Riffle, farmer, sec. 7 ; P. O., Vermont ; is a native of York Co., Pa., where he was born in 1837. Growing to manhood in the Keystone State, he learned the plasterer's trade. In 1869 he made" his way to Illinois, locating in Vermont, where he bought town property and for a time worked at his trade. In 1877 he purchased the farm property of Lewis Haney, consisting of 50 acres of Well improved land. February 12, 1860, is a memorable day to Mr. R., for upon that day he was joined in marriage to Miss Matilda, daugh ter of Jacob Frownfelter, a native of Maryland, in which State they lived for 7 years after marriage. William Rose, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 3 ; P. O., Vermont. Mr. R. ranks among the opulent farmers of this township and of Fulton Co. He is the son of William Rose and was born in Ross Co., '0., March 16, 1816. William, sen., was born in the Old Dominion and married Miss Susan Dollard there. She became the mother of 7 children, the subject of this sketch being the third. In Ohio he passed his boyhood and grew up receiving only a limited education. Here he contracted marriage with Miss Ann E. Lynn, daughter of Solomon and Elizabeth Lynn, who bore him 10, chil dren, 8 of whom are living, — John, James, Wm. R., Uriah T., Elizabeth, Susan, Ann E. and Edith. In 1836 Mr. R. set out for Illinois, and after the usual trip in a covered wagon drawn by oxen he arrived in Fulton Co. For one year he lived in Pleasant tp., and then bought land in this township. For many years he roughed it, but eventually succeeded, and is to-day the owner of nearly 800 acres of fine farming land. John Saurbaugh, of the late firm of Saurbaugh & Ziegler, Astoria, is a native of York Co., Pa., where he was born June 10, J827. His father, John Saurbaugh, was born in Washington Co., Pa^; be followed farming and married Miss Nancy Royance, who bore him 7 children, of whom John was the fifth. He grew up in his native State, received a liberal education and early turned his attention to agriculture and milling. While a resident of Pennsylvania he was married to Mrs. Martha A. Groff, a daughter of Joseph Gardner. Ihis marriage has been blessed with 4 children, — Jsaac, George, 458 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Nathan and Emma. Seventeen years ago Mr. S. located in Astoria tp. on a farm where he has since resided, except for 3 years when he was engaged in the lumber trade at Astoria. George V. Sayers, farmer, sec. 33 ; P. O., Astoria. The above named gentleman is the youngest son of Jonathan Sayers, who lo cated in Fulton Co. many years ago. George was born in Astoria tp. in 1851. Growing to manhood he received a liberal education. March 31, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Delilah Wright, daughter of John and Susan Wright, of Ohio. Two chil dren — Irene and Wilhelmina — were born of this marriage. Mr. S. holds the office of School Director at present. Lemuel Sayers, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 27 ; P. 0., Astoria ; was born in Harrison Co., O., in 1812. His father, Jonathan Say ers, was born in New Jersey, and moved to Maryland, where he married Susannah Sing, by whom he had 6 children, Lemuel being the third child. About the year 1780 Jonathan Sayers settled in Penn., and very early located in Ohio ; he took an active part in the war of 1812, and died in Ohio at the age of 62. In 1832, on attaining his majority, Lemuel set out for Illinois, after a long voy age reaching Havana, from whence, with John Easely, James Strode and Henry David, who brought teams to transport the goods of the emigrants, he went to Pleasant tp. John Easely owned a cabin in what is now Ipava. He settled in Astoria tp. and built a round-log cabin. In Jan., 1843, he was married to Sarah Jane Henderson. Of this union 13 children were born, 7 of whom are living,— Thomas, Wesley, David, Martha, Harriet, Granville and Sherman. Mrs. Sayers passed away Jan. 28, 1876, and Oct. 4, 1877,- Mr. S. was married to Mrs. Furniss, daughter of Wm. Sullivan. Henry Schisler, was born in York Co., Pa., in 1835. Passing his boyhood and youth in his native State, at the age of 18 he deter mined upon locating in the West, and selected Astoria tp., where, in 1858, he was united in marriage with Miss Magdalena Wise, also a native of the Keystone State. Sarah, Samuel, Amanda, Charles, Lydia, Mary and Edward are the children born to them. On his arrival in the West Mr. S. turned his attention to different pursuits in Astoria. Twelve years ago he rented a shop and started in the cooper business;; after a moderate business he sold out and purchas ed the tannery -formerly owned by John Gilliland. In this new departure he was successful and accumulated some means, and pur chased 80 acres of land in this tp., and now is engaged in farming, owning 160 acres of well-improved land near Astoria, his post-office. William H. Scripps, banker and leading merchant, is not only a well-known business man of Fulton Co., but of the entire State. He is a quiet, unassuming gentleman, whose fortune has by no means dampened a gentle, warm-hearted nature. June 6, 1876, he organized a private banking house. He was then, as now, transact ing a large business as merchant, and for a number of years had carried on his banking business in his store. In 1877 he erected a HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 459 substantial banking building and fitted it up in becoming style. In a work of this nature we deem it due to the people of Fulton Co. that more than a passing notice be given to one of their fellow citizens, who has been so successful in his busines career, and yet by his honesty, gentleness and integrity his name has become a household word, and is used as a synonym for those noble traits by thousands. In 1840 he came from Rushville to Astoria, then a very small village, and embarked in business as a merchant, dealing in a general line of goods. Here he transacted a remarkable busi ness; his conduct, characterized by most scrupulous uprightness, gained for him the confidence of the community, which he has ever retained. Shortly afterwards he turned his attention to the grain trade, buying large quantities. About this time he also engaged extensively in pork-packing, in which he met with flattering suc cess. In 1877 he laid out "Scripps' Addition" to Astoria, which is composed of over 100 lots. M. L. Severns, city barber, is a native of Schuyler Co., 111., where he was born Jan. 14, 1853. His father, J. T. Severns, is an old resident of Astoria and a carpenter and joiner by occupation. La fayette grew to manhood in this county and received a good com mon-school education. For a number of years he worked at farm ing ; then he learned his present trade, at which he has been quite successful, and has the respect of every citizen. April 25, 1875, he was united in marriage to Miss Isabel Thompson. Nellie is their only child. Mrs. Catharine Shannon, a resident of Astoria for 16 years, is a native of Virginia, where she was born May 14, 1829. Philip Wunderley, her father, was born in Penn., and in an early day moved to Virginia and there married. Early in life he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed for many years of his life. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Hitz, who bore him 12 children. Catherine, the fourth child, grew up in Virginia and was married in 1851 to Noah Teter, a farmer. Two years later they moved into Schuyler Co., 111., and in 1863 came to Astoria and purchased town property and for several years was a partner of Mr,. J. W. Lutz in the hardware business. Shortly after he dissolved partnership he was taken sick and died. In 1873 Mrs. Teter was united in mar riage with J. W. Shannon, who laid out "Shannon's Addition" to Astoria. He died in the year above mentioned. He is a business man and has accumulated considerable property. Eneas Shannon, deceased, was born in Ohio in 1807 ; grew up and was married to Miss Melinda Johnson, in that State. Her father, Peter Johnson, was a brother to the daring pioneer boys, John and Henry Johnson, who made themselves famous throughout Ohio by the killing of their captors, two stalwart Indians. Mr. S. settled in Astoria township in 1850, where he bought a tract of 200 acres of fine land. He died April 16, 1876, and his remains were consigned to earth in Astoria cemetery. He left 9 children, — John, Nathan, Thomas, Irving, Asil; Eneas, Eliza, Nancy, and Anna. 460 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Nathan Shannon, farmer, sec. 21 ; P. O., Astoria. The gentleman here named is a native of Tuscarawas Co., O., where he was born in 1833. At the early age of 16 he accompanied his parents, Eneas and Melinda Shannon, to 111. They located in Astoria tp. on farm property where Nathan grew to manhood. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. fl, 85th 111. Inf. He was honorably dis charged in 1862, and returned to Fulton Co., where he has since followed farming. In 1855 he was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Downey, daughter of Joseph Downey, by whom he has children, — Henry, Ewin, Maria, Ada, Irvin, Melinda, Walter, Hettrick and Eneas. Benton Sharpe, farmer, sec. 22 ; P. O., Astoria ; is a native of Fulton Co. and one of the oldest residents of this township, His father, Jacob Sharpe, founder of Sharpe's Landing and a well-known, prominent farmer, we speak of below. Nov. 25, 1840, in the town of Astoria, Benton Sharpe was born. Reared amid pioneer associ ates, he received a good common-school education. Inl865 he mar ried Lucy, a daughter of W. B. Carter, a well-known early settler of this county. J. Y. Sharpe, deceased, was a well-known merchant and agricul turist of Fulton Co. He was born in Scipio, Cayuga Co., N. Y., in Oct., 1804. But little is known of his early life. He grew up in New York and received a liberal education, chiefly through hard and persistent labor, and in after years excelled as a grammarian and mathematician. While a resident of the East he taught school and subsequently turned his attention to agriculture. He came, to 111. in an early day and settled in Fulton Co., and shortly afterwards engaged in merchandising about three and a half miles southeast of Astoria. He became quite successful, and came to Astoria shortly after the organization of the town and finished and occupied the first building begun in the town, and probably opened the first stock of general merchandise in Astoria. Here he married Miss Jemima Safford. Mrs. Sharpe died many years ago and was laid at rest in the village cemetery. Mr. S. was united with Miss S. E. Morrison of Penn. . Mr. S. was a shrewd business man and displayed uncom mon energy. He it was who established Sharpe's Landing on the Illinois river. Disposing of the Landing, owing to ill health, he purchased farm property and at one time owned a 1,000-acre tract of land. After a long life of unusual prominence and position in life he passed away in that dreamless sleep that comes sooner or later to all. To his wife and family he left a large property. The children born of the secoiid marriage now living are Flora, Carrie, Mary and Lillie. William Shawrer, farmer, sec. 11 ; P. O., Astoria; was born near Lewistown, this county, March 5, 1844. His father, John Shawrer, settled in this county as early as 1836. He was a blacksmith by trade, but the latter years of his life were devoted to farming. He was married to Miss Mary Mclntire, in Ohio, who bore him 8 chil- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 461 dren, — five of whom are living. William received a good common- school education and early turned his attention to farming. April 13, 1870, he was united in marriage with Miss Libbie Waggoner, a daughter of ex-Sheriff D. J. Waggoner. They have had 4 children born to them, two of whom, Mary and Nellie, are living. Jessie Siever, late of the firm of Moore Bros. & Co., came to Astoria in 1871, and is a native of the Old Dominion, where he was born in 1842. His father, Solomon Siever, was a farmer, and married, in Va., Miss Elizabeth Caplinger, who bore him 11 children, the sub ject of this sketch being the sixth. He accompanied his parents to Fulton county when 14 years old. They settled near Lewistown. When he first came to Astoria he became employed in the grist-mill of Kost & Hipsley. At the end of four years he purchased an interest in the dry-goods house of G. W. Kost. In two years he retired from this business and embarked in the hard-wood lumber business. In 1865 he was married to Miss Margaret Hipsley, a daughter Of Nicholas Hipsley, an extensive stock dealer of the county. In 1878 Mr. S. built a fine residence. John Skinner, ceal operator, is a native of Scotland, where he was born in 1844, and passed his childhood and youth and grew to manhood. Attaining his majority he crossed the ocean for the New World, and first set foot in New York city during March 1865. He went to Pa. and began life as a miner, then went to Cleveland, 111., and in 1870 came to Astoria, where his practical mind grasped the fact that coal of a superior quality existed in abundance, and with uncommon energy, and he, in connection with Mr. W. H. Emer son, soon became coal shippers. In 1876 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Sarah E. Rosia, a widow of John B. Rosia. Samuel Smith, agriculturist, was born in Pennsylvania in 1802. In his youth he learned the gunsmith's trade. In his native State he was married to Miss Elizabeth McCormick, who became the mother of 8 children, 7 of whom are still living, — Harvey, who re sides in Kansas ; Alfred lives in Astoria tp. ; A. J., who married Miss Brown, lives in this county ; Samuel, jr., married Mary Coe and lives on the farm homestead; Phoebe A. married John M. Tingley, and lives in Missouri ; Mary resides in Arkansas and is the wife of D. S. Schenck ; Elizabeth, the wife of J. G. Shane, lives in Ne braska. /. B. Snowden, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 5 ; P. O., Vermont. was born in Brooke Co., W. Va., in 1837> and is the son of Ezra and Margaret Snowden, and was the third of a family of 11 children. Ezra was a carpenter and boat-builder by occupation. At the early age of 19 our subject set out for the West and reached Fulton Co. in the spring of the year, and engaged as a farm-hand. In 1861 he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Elmira Henderson, daughter of Wm. Henderson, a pioneer of this county. In 1870 Mr. S. purchased a farm in McDonough Co. Of the marriage with Miss Henderson the fruits have been 5 children, 3 of whom are living, — Laura, Lenora and Leroy. 462 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. • James C. Sparks, farmer and stock-raiser, is a native of Hamilton Co., O., where he was born Nov. 3, 1830. His father, Levi Sparks was a farmer by occupation and for a number of years dealt in grain ; he was married in Ohio to Miss Sophia Comstock. -To better their condition in life they concluded to move farther west and accord ingly took passage on the Ohio river, going to St. Louis, from there to Beardstown, thence to Rushville and then came to the old town of Washington ; moving to Schuyler Co., he established what was known in an early day as Sparks' Landing. This was afterwards purchased by Jacob Sharpe. Mr. S. died in 1844, leaving to the care ofhis wife 3 children. James grew to manhood in Schuyler ; on attain-, ing his twenty-first year he moved to Fulton, where he has since been permanently identified with the farming interests. March 12, 1857, he was united in marriage with Miss Ida C. Carter, daughter of the well-known pioneer, James Carter, deceased. Mr. S. is ex tensively engaged in stock-raising and his short-horn cattle are un surpassed. James M. Steele, confectioner, Astoria. This gentleman is a native of Ohio. His father, John M. Steele, was a physician, and was also born in the Buckeye State ; his wife, Miss Mary E. Parks, was born in the same State. When James attained his third year his parents moved to 111., and settled in Astoria, where James received a good common-school education. For two years he served as township Collector. In 1877 he entered into his present business, and has met with good success. In 1878 he was married to Miss Susan Palmer, daughter of Jacob Palmer. Jacob Switzer, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. — P. O., Astoria; was born Nov. 26, 1826, in Virginia. Henry Switzer, his father, was a native of Pennsylvania, where he lived for a number of years, then went with his parents to Virginia, and was united in marriage with Miss Mary Haffner, daughter. of Andrew Haffner. Jacob was the third of a family of 7 children, the result of this marriage. He grew up in his native State and remained there until 1844 when he came to Fulton Co., and worked as a farm hand. In 1850 he was united in marriage with Miss Anna Nebbergall, by whom he had 11 children, 9 of whom are living, — Samuel, Harvey, Eliza, Fanny, David, Walter, Dora, Nellie and George. William Switzer, farmer, sec. 35 ; P. O., Astoria. William Switzer was born on the old farm homestead o'f his parents, Jacob and Elizabeth A. Switzer, in Nov., 1851. Growing to manhood in this county he received a liberal education. In 1873 he was united in marriage with Miss Melinda F. Lewis, daughter of J. W. Lewis, of Astoria. Elizabeth A., Daniel H. and Perry W. are their children.. Jacob Swope, farmer and blacksmith, was born in Adams Co., Pa., July 3, 1811. He is the son of Jonathan Swope, who was a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., and a farmer by occupation, He was mar ried in that State to Miss Elizabeth Brothers, by whom he had 3 children, Jacob the second. Jacob grew up in the Keystone State HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 463 and learned the blacksmith trade, and worked for a number of years at that calling. Jan. 19, 1833, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Elizabeth Muster. Of this marriage they have 10 children living whose names are Edward, Jacob, Geo. D., John H., Riley, Walter, Catharine A., Jane, Elizabeth and Maria. In 1857 Mr. W. disposed of his property in the East and in the course of time reached Astoria township." B. C. Toler, physician and surgeon, was born in the Old Domin ion State in 1829, and while quite young his parents, T. U. and Mary C. Toler, settled in Kentucky, where young Benjamin passed his boyhood. During his youth he studied medicine with Dr. W. T. Toler, an elder brother, who is now associated with him in his business. In 1848 he moved to Mason Co., where he again took up the study of medicine, and eventually graduated from the medical department of the University of Iowa, situated at Keokuk. Since then he has directed all the energies of his nature to his practice, and has been eminently successful. In 1857 he located at Astoria, where he has since resided and succeeded in building up a reputa tion as a physician unexcelled in the county. In 1858 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. McLaren, daughter of Peter McLaren, one of the pioneers of Fulton Co. They have 8 chil dren, — Emmr. E., Sarah O, George, Chas. W., Thomas W., Luella, Nellie and Fannie R. Adam S. Trone, farmer and blacksmith, was born in York Co., Pa., April 16, 1834. His father, Adam Trone, was also a native of Pa., and a farmer and cooper by occupation ; he married Miss Catha rine Shultz, by whom he raised a family of 11 children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the seventh. He passed his youth and grew to mature years near the city of Hanover, where he learn ed the trade of blacksmith. In 1855 he came to Astoria, where he opened a blacksmith shop; in 1858 was united in marriage with Miss Jane, daughter of Jacob Swope, by whom he had 14 chil dren, 10 of whom are living, — Levi, Emma, Charles, William, Lizzie, Anna, John, George, Jacob and Mary. Joseph Trone, farmer, sec. 28 ; P. O., Astoria. The above-named gentleman was born in Maryland in 1814. While a child his par ents moved to Pennsylvania, where he grew up and became eniploy- ed as a distiller. Here he was married to Elizabeth Dupes, who became the mother of 7 children. In 1854 Mr. T. arrived at Sharpe's Landing, on the Illinois river, and purchased 40 acres of land in Astoria tp., and has labored hard to increase it to 200 acres, as he has done. Mrs. T. died 4 years after the family had moved here. In Jan., J1862, he contracted marriage with Mrs. Nancy Stambaugh, who died in 1873. Mr. T. was married again, this time to Miss Louisa Hollinger. Waggoner & Lutz, hardware dealers. These gentlemen became established in their business five years ago. They are the owners of the building they occupy, — a large substantial brick, erected by 464 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. them. They carry a heavy stock of goods and transact a large business. This enterprising firm, in connection with their hard ware, carry a full line of tinware, lime, cement, etc. J. C. Lutz, senior partner of the firm, is a native of Va., where he was born in the year 1828 ; growing to manhood there he received a liberal education, and during his youth was employed upon the old farm homestead. In 1855 he came West" and settled in Astoria. Dur ing the spring of 1839 he embarked in the hardware business, and since that date has been identified with the business interests of Astoria. In 1858 he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy E. Morrow. Of this marriage 6 children were born, 4 of whom are living, — Chas. M., Minnie W., Dollie W. and Carrie (deceased), Daniel and John. Edward Wampler, farmer, sec. 36 ; P. O., Astoria. In 1818, there was born to Philip and Catherine Wampler, nee Royer, in the State of Maryland, the subject of this sketch, Edward Wampler. He had attained his tenth year when his parents settled in Ohio, and there he grew up and married. This event occurred in 1837, and Miss Elizabeth Stover was the bride. Eleven children have been given to them. For nearly 20 years he was a resident of Missouri, where he became a prominent farmer, owning some 1,500 acres of land. While there his wife died, and in 1875 he was united in mar riage with Mrs. Rebecca Sprinkle. Mrs. W. was born in Pennsyl vania and there married Daniel Sprinkle, who afterwards became a prominent farmer in this county. Of this marriage 8 children were born, 5 of whom are living, — Sarah, Henry, Daniel, Levi and Mary. The valuable property left by Mr. Sprinkle comprises between 500 and 600 acres of fine land. Christopher Wetsel, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 21 ; P. O., Asto ria. There are few in the county more generally or favorably known than Mr. Wetsel, who was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., July 13, 1813. His father, as near as can be ascertained, was also a native of the Keystone State, and by trade a blacksmith. He was married to Miss Catherine Wunderly. Three of the 9 children she bore him grew to mature years, and 2 yet survive. The head of the family died during the infancy of Christopher. His mother was af terwards married to Balseer Lutz and moved to Virginia. Christo pher grew up amid pioneer associations, and we suppose became early instructed in the rudiments of hard work, his main education. While living in Augusta, Co., Va., he was married to Miss Sarah Cook. In 1.836 he came to Astoria township and moved into the pioneer log cabin, containing no fire-place. He built one, however, of sod. The winter was quite severe and the cabin so open that snow and wind gained free access, and it frequently happened that the floor and bedding were deeply covered with snow. Wild game at this time was abundant, but soon disappeared owing to the rapid settlement of the county. Vermont then boasted of one store, and the future town of Astoria was then given over to the sturdy oak, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 465 under whose ample foliage the pioneer often rested from his labors. We cannot describe step by step the progress of Mr. W. from pov erty to affluence. He labored diligently and uprightly and owes all that he has to his own efforts. His children are Eliza J., Priscilla E., Margaret A., Sarah C, George H., John B., David T. and Henry L. William Wheeler, farmer, sec. 29 ; P. O., Astoria. Twenty-three years ago Mr. Wheeler set out for Illinois and after the usual trip settled in Astoria tp., where he has since resided. He is a native of old Virginia, where he was born in 1816. His father, William Wheeler, was a blacksmith by trade, and on attaining his eighteenth year, in 1811, he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Fowler, by whom he had 6 children. William, the third, accompanied his parents to Ohio in an early day, where he grew to manhood on a farm. In 1838 he married Miss Francina E. Phillips. He pur chased 220 acres of land but little improved and heavily timbered,. and now after much hard labor, has a fine, well improved farm. Of the marriage with Miss Phillips, 12 children were born, 7 of whom are living, — Arden, Nancy A., Willie, Elijah and Elisha (twins), John, Franklin and Silas. Josiah Worley, for the past 29 years a resident of Fulton Co., was born in Harrison Co., O., May 4, 1811. Daniel Worley, his father, was born in York Co., Pa. The date of his settlement in Ohio is not known, but he probably became a cotemporary with many of the first settlers of the Buckeye State. There he was mar ried to Miss Charity Scolds, who bore him 11 children. In 1832 Josiah was married to Miss Mary Ann Miner. Five of the 10 chil dren she bore are dead. During the autumn of 1851, with the ob ject of making a home for his parents, he came to Astoria township and purchased property. Shortly after his coming Mrs. Worley died. During the autumn of 1854 Mr. W. was married to Mrs. Susan Elgin, . relict of Samuel Elgin, and daughter of Jacob Wirtz. She settled in Illinois in 1840, first residing in Bond Co. George and William were born of this marriage. The former died in childhood and William lives in Nebraska. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. Below will be found a full and complete list of the Supervisors, Town Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving Astoria township since its organization with the dates of service : SUPERVISORS. Robert McClelland 1850 W. L. Gallihar 1858 is. P. Cummings 1851-54 John Shannon 1859 JohnBoyd 1855 A.J.Rosa 1861-62 »• P- Cummings. 1856 John V. Richards 1863-66 Jacob Sharp 1857 S. P. Cummings 1867-79 466 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWN CLERKS. Zachariah Gilbert 1850 J. M. Rankin 1851 D. Cook 1852-53 J. Darling 1854 Jacob Derry 1855 E. Chambers 1856 T. B. Linley 1857 W. 0. Hopkins 1858 J. W. Smith 1859 James Smith 1861-62 David Marsh 1863 R. F. McLaren 1864-68 W. Z. Robbins 1869-70 R. F. McLaren 1871-72 McDonald Cox 1873-74 T. W. Price 1875 T. E. Toler 1876-70 ASSESSORS. Michael Engle 1850 Wm. T. Hudnall - 1851 John Morrison 1852 Eli Chambers 1853 Ephraim Sears 1854-55 John Ogle 1856 Henry Plank 1857 'Albert Litchfield 185J3-59 O. P. Fry 1861-62 H. J. Benton 1863 D. G. Robeson 1864 O. P. Fry 1865 D. G. Robeson 1866-67 O. P. Fry 1868-69 Eugene Gore 1870 O. P. Fry 1871-73 Albert Litchfield 1874 O. P. Fry 1875 J. A. Gilliland 1876 O. P. Fry 1877-79 COLLECTORS. J.M. Carlock 1850 John Boyd 1851-53 R, H. Bacon 1854-55 Nelson Howell 1856 J. C. Sparks 1857 Nelson Howell 1858-59 Jacob Darling 1861-62 O. }'. Fry 1863 Daniel Marsh 1864 J. C. Lutz 1865 Jacob Darling 1866 John Boyd, Sr 1867-68 D. G. Robeson 1869-70 James Krigbaum 1871-72 Joseph Bartholow 1873 Franklin Fackler 1874 R. J. Nelson 1875 J. S. Steel 1876 James Steel 1877 John Bartholow 1878 Martin Mercer 1879 &twuj ty* rm&JLJL BANNER TOWNSHIP, This township is one of the five townships of this county that border on the Illinois river, and of these it is the one farthest north. In an early day'there was abundance of game in this township, and indeed it has always been noted as being a good hunting and fishing ground for sportsmen. Among the wild animals found here were the deer, wild turkeys, wolves, an occasional bear, wild-cats, lynx, and all the smaller native animals. In the lakes along the river and upon that streaiu are found abundance of wild ducks, geese and other game. A large number of hoop-snakes and rattlesnakes for merly abounded here ; also the black, garter, copperhead,. blue racers and other snakes, and -salamanders, commonly called lizards. The swamps abound in frogs and musquitoes. The first settler to locate in the township was Joseph Anderson. He moved to. Canton township in 1823. The first -marriage was William Powejl to Miss Margaret McCan. They were united by Bichard Tompkins. To this couple the first child was born. The first, mill and distillery were run by Brooks & Cogswell in 1835.; The first tavern was .kept by Alex. Wilson and was known as the Half-way House, being half-way between Canton and the landing on the Illinois river. The first warehouse was built by Ira Mills, who came here from the East as a missionary "to enlighten the heathen." He expended the money given him in building his warehouse on the Illinois river at the mouth of Copperas creek. Monterey, which is located in the northern part of this township, was first settled in 1848. The first store building was built by David Martin. Samuel Null kept the first tavern, and Eli Lyons the first tannery. Burnett & Lyons started the first boot and shoe shop. Dorrance & Perkins opened the first dry-goods store. This place, Troy and other places did good business in an early day, before the advent of railroads, but since then they have not pro gressed as other places ; indeed 'they have gone down. There is but one store at Monterey now. This is kept by Zachariah Weaver. There is one wagon shop, run by Lewis Ketchum. W. A. Webb keeps a boot and shoe shop. The ;school-hbuse was erected in 1859. A. Swartz is Justice of th,e Peace. Centennial Chapel M. E. Church. — The. church building of this congregation, which "is. located at Monterey,, was .erected in 1876. Among those who gave most liberally toward' its erection were John W. Johnson, J. Addis, Simon Addis, Jacob; Weaver, Wm. Turner. 29 470 HISTORY QF FULTON COUNTY. Wm. H. Babcock, J. McKinley, T. Young and S. Ketchum; in fact the liberality of the people was manifested in this enterprise. The widows gave their mites and every one did the most he could. Ellis Hitchens was the first preacher, and he built the society up very rapidly. It now numbers about 100 members. Joseph S. Addis, farmer, sec. 5, Banner tp. ; P. O., Canton. His father, Aaron D. Addis, was a native of New Jersey and died Jan. 23, 1873, in Fulton Co. ; his mother, Jane E., also a native of New Jersey, is still living and resides at the old homestead ; they emi grated with a moving wagon to Illinois in 1837, first located at Fair- view, then in Buckheart tp., and finally in Banner tp. Joseph S. was born in Banner tp. Oct. 11, 1848, educated in the common schools, and Feb. 27, 1873, married Emma C. Weller, who was born in New Jersey June 13, 1852. Their children are Aaron D., Luella May, and Lottie. Mr. Addis has served as Town Collector and Schodl Trustee: has 100 acres of good land. He is a Democrat, and he and his wife are both members of the Methodist Protestant Church. Simon P. Addis, brother of the foregoing, farmer, sec. 5, Banner tp. ; P. O., Canton, 111.; born Feb. 18, 1843, in Banner tp. ; edu cated in the country schools ; enlisted, Aug. 5, 1862, in Co. E, 103d 111. Inf., and mustered out July 6, 1865; married Georgiana Sheaff Nov. 1, 1866 ; they have had 6 children : Wm. Perry, born Sept. 8, 1867, and died Nov., 30, following; Adelle, born Nov. 6, 1868; Geo. W., born Jan. 31, 1872, died Aug. 19, 1874; Sheldon,- born Oct. 9, 1876, died Jan. 11, 1877; Webster, born Sept. 15, 1874; and Grace, born Sept. 25, 1878. Democrat. Methodist Protest ant. John W. Ashley, farmer, sec. 29. Mr. A. was born in New Jer sey in ,1836, and is the son of William and Jemima (Cooper) • Ashley. The elder Ashley came to Illinois -in 1841 or '42, and John W. came to Fulton county in 1856 from his native State. In 1859 he was married. He is a member of the Methodist Church and a Republican in politics. He has a fine farm of 200 acres. Wm. H. Babcock, farmer, Monterey ; P. O., Canton ; was born Jan. 18, 1835, in Yates Co., N. Y. ; married Miss Lucy Swartz, of Buffalo, N. Y. ; their children are Ella V., Emma J., Willie, Lucy Anna and Charles Abram. Alsworth Baker was in the war of 1812. He served in the Black Hawk war, and when Black Hawk was taken he was sent to convey the news to Gen. Scott near Galena. He started out horseback, and while camping on the prairie over night his horse was scared by a deer and ran off. He was then left to trudge along on foot, which, he manfully did, swimming the Fever river, and arrived safely before the General and delivered the dispatch. George S. Betts, farmer, sec. 21, Banner tp. ; P. O., Canton. His parents, Lewis and Elizabeth (Hay) were natives of Pennsylvania.; He was bom March 2, 1841, in that State, emigrated *o Wisconsin, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 471 and in 1872 to this county ; in 1865 married Mrs. Isabel (Prior) Barlow, born in Muskingum Co., O., in 1841. Children to both: Frank, born in 1858; Eliza Ellen, born in 1860 and died Jan. 17, 1862 ; Elizabeth Ann, born in 1864; John, born in 1866, George 1869, Fred 1873, and Wm. Henry 1877. Mr. B. has been School Director. Democrat. William L. Beets, farmer, sec. 19, Banner township, was born in Highland county, Ohio,*Feb. 27, 1851. His parents are Elihu and Sarah (Daugherty) Beets, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. ' ' William had the advantages of only the common schools of this county at which to gain an education. He has been moderately successful in his chosen calling. James S. Book was born in Pennsylvania 28 years ago, the son of George and Jane (Jackson) Book; spent his early life burning lime for public works; came to Fulton Co. in 1877, and is now a farmer. Greenbacker. L. D. Boyer is a native son of Fulton Co. His father, Caleb Boyer, was a native of Ohio, and his mother, Olive Boyer, nee Waldron, was born in New York State. They were among the early settlers of this cpunty. They located near Lewistown in 1832. L. D. attended the common schools of the county when a boy and gathered a fair education. For some time his occupation was run ning a saw-mill. He is engaged in farming at present in company with his two younger brothers. They have a fine farm and own it jointly. Dilazon Burhans, farmer, sec. 18 ; P. O., Canton. His father, Peter I., was a native of New York State and died in 1863; his mother,' Sabrina (Seeley), was born in Connecticut, and died in 1855. Dilazon was born in Kingston, Ulster Co., N. Y., in 1822 ; married Miss Jane M. Turck at Saugerties, N. Y., April 29, 1843, who was of the same age and nativity, and they have had 6 chil dren, as follows: Melissa, born in 1844 and died April 25, 1846; Eugene, born in 1846 and died Oct. 13, 1866; Charles H., born Jan. 25, 1850, and died June 7, 1852 ; John Harvey, born July 16, 1853; Adrian, born Nov. 13, 1859; and Wesley, born Oct. 22, 1861. Mr. B. was formerly a carpenter and worked as a contractor. He now owns 225 acres of land. He and his wife joined the M. E. Church 37 years ago, but are now members of the M. P. Church. Democrat. Emigration, first to Brooklyn, N. Y:, thence in 1860 to this county, where they have ever since resided, except 5 years back in N. Y. and Penn. Mr. B. says that his forefathers have been natives of this country as far back as 1646, when two brothers came from Holland, one of which settled in New York, the other in Kingston on the Hudson river. One of the brothers was the first 'Squire of New York and also of Ulster county, N. Y. The families have increased, and there are some of them living in vari ous parts of the East and West. Mr. D, Burhans' grandparents hved at Kingston when it was burnt up by the British. 472 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Thomas Bybee was born in Fulton Co. April 15, 1853, and is the son of Judge and Mary Jane (Binenger) Bybee. His grandfather was among the earliest settlers in the State. Thomas received his education in the common schools of this county, and by occupation is a farmer. He has been successful, and at present owns 320 acres of land. He was married in 1875 and has two children, — James and Mary Jane. William Gibson was born in Beaver Co.,iPa., Aug. 7, 1833. He resides at present upon section 8, Banner township, where he is en gaged in farming. The parents of our subject are Wm. and Hopey (Miller) Gibson, natives of the Keystone State. Mr. G. came to Fulton county in 1855 and ten years later was married to Agnes Beck. They have a family of 6 children, — 4 boys and 2 girls, all of whom .are living. He belongs to the M. E. Church and is a Republican in politics. Henry H. Herr, farmer, sec. 7 ; P. O., Canton. Parents, Abra ham and Fanny (Donor) Herr, were Pennsylvanians, and are now deceased. The subject of our sketch was also born in Pa. ; educated in Litiz Academy ; member of Co. A, 30th Vet, Reg., in the war, mustered out July, 1865; married Susan Kinzie Nov. 5, 1850, who was a native of Montgomery Co., Pa. Although Mr. H. commenced with nothing in this township, he has made himself a fine home, with 240 acres of land. Baptist. Republican. John W. Johnson, farmer, Monterey ; P. O., Canton, 111. His parents, Abraham and Martha (Crawford) Johnson, were natives of Pennsylvania; she died in Jan., 1840, and he in Aug., 1871. John Wi, born in W. Va., came to Buckheart township in March, 1857, then to the place where he now resides. He has been Commissioner of Highways and is now Supervisor. In 1860 he married Miss E. J. Johnson, of Buckheart township, who was born in 1840 in Wash ington Co., Penn. Their children are Patience Emma, born in 1862; Albert Wilber, born in 1864 and died in 1869 ; and Anthony Edgar, born in Feb., 1868. Methodist Protestant. Republican. Owns 112 acres of land. Matthias Lingenfelter was born in Bedford county, Pa., Feb. 21, 1833, and is the son of Jacob and Sarah' (Clear) Lingenfelter, natives of the Keystone State. Our subject .received his education in the common schools of his native State, and came to this county in 1848, and located in Buckheart township. His father died in 1876 and his mother is still living. By occupation Mr- L- is a farmer and has run a threshing-machine for 20 years. He began work at the blacksmithing trade when 19 years old and con tinued at it until he was 27, and still works at it. He is the owner of 560 acres of land in this county. He was married July 12, 1855, to Rebecca Evans. This union has resulted in the birth of 14 children, — 9 boys and 5 girls. Four of the sons are dead. Mr. L. is a member of the German Baptist Church. He resides upon sec. 30 ; P. Oi, Canton, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 473 Waldron Van Middlesworth, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Canton. His parents, Cornelius W. and Jane (Addis) Van M., were natives of N. J. ; father died in 1867, and mother still living, in Canton, and about 70 years old. Waldron was born July 12, 1838, in Newark, N. J., married Laura Counterman May 19, 1861, in this tp. ; she was born Sept. 13, 1840, in this State. Their children are Willie G., born April 19, 1862, and Janie, March 5, 1869. Mr. Van M. has a brother, Addis James, and a sister, Mary Neumire, married and living in Stark Co. He has been a manufacturer of sorghnm molasses for nearly 14 years. Has been Town Collector. Metho dist Protestant. Democrat. Willard Maloon is engaged in agricultural pursuits upon sec. 17, of this township. I. N. Munson. — This gentleman is engaged in farming upon sec tion 26, Banner township. T. Ois, farmer, sec. 30, Banner ; P. O., Bryant. /. M. Peters, farmer, sec. 16, Banner tp. ; P. O., Canton ; was born in this township in 1851 ; June 5, 1879, married Patience Prior, who is a member of the Church. He is a Democrat. John A. Pollitt is a native of this county and a son of one of the pioneers of the county. He was born March 14, 1855, and his par ents were Alexander and Mary E. (Estes) Pollitt, natives of Ken tucky. In 1875 John was united in marriage with Miss Mary Ball. Clara May is the name of their child. Mr. P. is engaged in farm ing, upon sec. 28 ; P. O., Bryant. Andrew Rock, farmer, sec. 31, was born in Franklin Co., Pa., Aug. 20, 1816, and is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth -(Dull) Eock. The former was of Scottish descent, and the latter of Ger man descent and a native of Pennsylvania. Andrew came to Can ton, this county, in 1851 and engaged in carpentering, at which trade he was worked for many years. He then moved upon his farm and has improved it all himself. He was married to Susanna Monn in 1839, who bore him 12 children, — 4 boys and 8 girls, — 11 of whom are living. Mary M. Rogers was born in Indiana in 1828; her father was Wm. Guilliams, of Tennessee, who died in 1849, and her mother, Edith Williams, of the same State, is still living, aged about 84. Mrs. R. first emigrated to Rock Island, thence to Missouri, and thence to Fulton Co. 22 years ago. June 16, 1849, in Missouri, sjie married Joseph Rogers, who had served in the Mexican war and subsequently in Co. A, 31st Reg. 111. Vet., in the late war: he en listed Oct. 4, 1864, and was mustered out July 19, 1865. He died in January, 1874, at the age of 49. Their children are ; James Wesley, John Farmer, Mary Jane, Joseph Franklin, Wm. Douglas and Clara Amanda. Mrs. R. has 96 acres of land on sec. 9, Banner tp., and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her hus band was a Democrat. ¦Samuel B. Schenck, farmer, Monterey ; P. O., Canton. His father 474 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Wm., was born in Penn. in 1786 and died in 1862;, his mother Sarah (Garrison), was born in N. J. in 1792 and died in 1876. Emi gration : to McLean Co. in 1854, to Buckheart tp., this county, in 1858, and to the present farm in 1876. SamuelB. was born June 5, 1829, in Warren Co., N. J., married Eleanor D. Ketchum, Jan., 1, 1850, born in the same county Aug. 20, 1829, and have had these children: Alice,, born in 1852; George, 1854; Estella, 1857; Olive, 1859; Miror, 1861 ; Minnie, 1863, died 1866; Josiah, 1865; twins, 1867, died in infancy; and Augustus, 1869. Mr. S. has 66 acres, all in good condition. Republican. Has been School Director;) . Wm. F. Simpson, brick-layer ; and plasterer, Monterey; P. 0., Canton. His father, Wm. J., was a native of Kentucky, who emi grated to Indiana and thence to Illinois in 1849,, and died Sept., 1853 ; his mother's maiden name was Mary Logan : she was bom in Kentucky and died June 1, 1862, in Illinois. Wm. F. was bom June 11, 1826, in Ky., educated in the country schools, enlisted in Co. I, 86th 111. Inf., promoted to Sergeant, and since has held, the offices of School Director, and Constable. Nov. 22, 1853, he married Ophelia Spencer, who was born June 6, 1833, in Coie Co., 111. They have had 8 children, namely : T. A., born in 1857 ; Mary J., 1858; E. L., 1859; Taylor, 1861, died Jan., 1863; Ida S.. 1863; Minnie, 1866 ; Dilard, 1870 ; and Jessie, 1876. Methodist Protestr ant. Republican. Henry .Smith was born in Canada, of Dutch ancestry, and came to Fulton Co. in 1840. In Canada his wages, as a farm hand was al ways very small, but by industry and economy he is now able to o*n the east half of sec. 17, Banner tp. June 18, 1846 he married Elizabeth Hutchison. They have had no children of their own bat have brought up two, — Josephine and Willard Maloon. The girl is in Iowa, married ; the boy still at home. German Baptists. Re publican. William H. Smith, farmer, Banner tp. ; P. O., Canton. His father, Henry, a native of Prussia, 1777, emigrated to this country in 1799, and married Mary Fry, a native of the United States, who died in Fulton Co., Feb. 14, 1829 ; he died Dec. 4, 1865. Wm. H. was born Feb. 4, 1819, in Jefferson Co., Va. ; married May 24, 1839, Mary Bybee, who died Oct. 3, same year; Nov. 19, 1840, Elizabeth Wilcoxen, who died April 4, 1863; lastly, Abby Mason May 6, 1866. Children : Henry, John, Mary V., Frances, Lavina, Louisa J., Elizabeth A., Marshall, Charlotte, James D., Wm. Henry, Eliza beth C, Charley, Hattie and Marcus. Mary V. married G. B. Cobleigh; Frances, C. N. Coykendall; Louisa J., James E, Ellis; Elizabeth, G. C. Glassford, and Marshall was married to Rettie Spencer. Wm. H. is a Democrat, and has been Supervisor, Town Clerk, Trustee, Justice of the Peace, etc. His father foughtagainst Great Britain in the war of 1812, and was a prominent man in Ful ton Co. during his life. Lauren P. Sprague, born in Oneida Co., N. Y., in 1817 ; married HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 475 Miss Jane Reid, a native of Winchester, Va., in 1838, in Lewisr town, 111. ; they have had 10 children, 8 of whom are living,— Mar garet C. (deceased), Edgar C, Stuart M., Lycurgus S., Richard B. (deceased), Martha J., Adaline L., Thomas N., Ellen M. and Susan F. The family came from New York to Fulton Co. in 1837 and settled in Canton; followed farming; in 1855 bought the farm they now occupy on sec. 1, — 87 acres. James Turner was. born near Perryville, Mercer Co., Ky., Oct., 1813. His parents, Starling and Sophia (Carver) Turner, emigrated from Kentucky to Sugar Grove, Sangamon (now Menard) Co., 111., in the fall of 1831, and in the following spring to sec. 13, Buck- heart tp., with 10 children; they had 13 altogether. Mr. T. died Feb. 22, 1871, aged 94 years. James Turner married Sara A. Car ver, daughter of Pleasant M. Carver, of Ky., April 25, 1837; she was born June 19, 1813. They have a family of 9 children, — Henry F., Mary A., Louisa M., Wm. P., Eliza J., Lydia A., Benj. F., Alice E. and James B., — all living and all married. They are all in Stark Co., 111., except Alice, Benj. and Wm., who are in this county. Starling Turner was an early Abolitionist and left Kentucky on account of slavery. He also took a deep interest in astronomy. Methodist. Henry Wages, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Canton. His , father, Ephraim, was born in Maryland, and died in 1849; his mother, Nancy (Buckingham), was also born in Md., and died in Sept., 1870. Henry was born in Muskingum Co., O., in 1829; came, with his parents, to Fulton Co. in 1832, to Monterey \n 1835, and to his present neighborhood in 1841 ; married Mary J. Brinager in 1856, Nancy J. Higgins, a native of Clark Co., Ky., in 1861, and thirdly Mrs. Mary Bybee. Children — John Henry", born Nov. 25, 1867, and Clara K., born Dec. 25, 1870, and died June 16, 1871. His second wife had 6 children by her first- husband. Mr. W. owns 240 acres of land. Democrat. Zachariah Weaver, merchant, Monterey ; P. O., Canton. His parents were Jatob and Jane (Patchell), the former a native of Vir ginia, and tHe Tatter of Pennsylvania and died Nov. 2, 1840. They emigrated from Ohio to this State, arriving Nov. 8, 1 841 . Zachariah was born in Hamilton Co., O., Nov. 30, 1830, educated in the country schools, and March 8, 1854, married Rachel A. Rogers in Liver pool tp.; she was born in Saline Co., Mo., Sept. 18, 1830. Chil dren: Benj. F., born 1858, died 1864; Maria, Feb. 21, 1861, died in 1862; Emma Jane, April 18, 1862. Mr. W. was for merly a farmer, and has been School Director and Pathmaster. Methodist Protestant. Democrat. H. J. Whitmore was born in Pennsylvania in 1827. His father, Joseph B., was a native of Maryland, married Miss Harclerood, of the same State, and had 6 children, — H. J., Mary Jane (now Mrs. Corwin), Simon Peter, Ann A. (now Mrs. Griffin), David W., Liz zie ( now Mrs. Hemenover, a widow ) and James. The family came 476 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. to Fulton Co. in 1844 and settled on sec. 30, Orion tp., buying 196 acres, which he still owns, but he resides now in Canton. His wife died July 16, 1863. Mr. H. J. W. married Annie Suydam, and they have had 4 children, 3 now living,— Norah (now Mrs. Richey), Belle and Charles E. Mrs. W. died, and Mr. W. subset quently married Tillie Griffin, a native of Pennsylvania. They have had 6 children, 5 now living, — Arthur, Dollie, Lillie (de ceased), Daisy, Bertie and Russell. Mr. W. resides on his farm of 200 acres, sec. 6 of Banner tp., and also owns 100 acres in Buckheart tp. For 20 years he followed grain-threshing and was agent for the sale of threshers. At present he is engaged in .buy ing and shipping stock in connection with farming. He is now Superintendent of the Fulton County Fair-Ground Association. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. Below may be found a schedule of the township officials serving since the/ organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. David Markley 1850 Joseph Shaw 1863-64 W. H. Smitli 1851-^54 John McCan...: 1865-70 Thomas Kime 1855-57 A. Merrill 1871 Amos Babcock 1858 Wm. H.Smith 1872-78 Wm. H. Smith 1859 John W. Johnson 1879 John McCan. 1860-62 TOWN CLERKS. ; Wm. H. Smith 1850 Noah Romine 1857-59 Wm. C. Killsa 1851-53 W. C. Killsa 1860-69 Noah Romifte 1854 Martin Davis 1870 Wm. C. Killsa-.... 1855-56 W. C. Killsa 1871-79 ASSESSORS. Geo. W. Chinn 1850-1 C W. Van Middlesworth.. 1860-64 W. C. Killsa 1852 Charles Killsa 1865-75 A. T. Atwater 1853 John A. Logan 1876-77 Noah Romine 1854-58 Charles Killsa 1878 Charles Killsa 1859 John A. Logan.. 1879 COLLECTORS. John McKinley. 1850 John McKinley 1866 Richard Motsinger 1851-52 JamesDonaho 1867 A. W. Inman 1853 John McKinley 1868 Wm. D. Bilby 1854-55 , RobertBarlow 1869 Douglas McCan 1856-58 ' Martin L. Davis 1870 JamesDonaho 1859 James S. Kennedy 1871-72 Noah Romine i 1860 ThomasMcCan 1873-74 Douglas McCan 1861-62 Martin L. Davis 1875-76 Samuel T. Wilson 1863-64 Joseph S. Addis 1877-78 JamesDonaho 1865 W. Van Middlesworth 1879 BUCKHEART TOWNSHIP. Buckheart is counted among the best townships of this county, although at one time much of its surface was covered with a heavy growth of timber. This township was early settled by the whites and ere long much of the timbered sections were interspersed with cabins and settlers. A large portion of the lands bearing timber, and the smaller groves, were claimed, if not occupied, while the prai rie for the most part was left untouched and unsought. The prairie land was regarded as worthless for purposes of agriculture, and considered a useless waste. There were hundreds of men at that time who believed it would never be occupied. If any of the first settlers had located upon the prairie he would have been regarded as extremely visionary, if not absolutely crazy. Of those whose names appear among the early pilgrims, many removed from the township ere many years had flown ; others followed from year to year, settling in other localities ; others have passed to the shining shore of the Beautiful River, while many still remain in the enjoy ment of the homes of their industry, endurance and enterprise, fashioned and founded in the beautiful lands of Buckheart. The surroundings of pioneer life are well calculated to test the true inwardness of the human heart, and the trials, sufferings and endurance incident to the founding and building'of homes, unite them in the strongest and deepest feelings of friendship, that grows and strengthens with their years. Raven locks may bleach and whiten ; full round cheeks wither and waste away; the fires of intelligence vanish from the organs of vision ; the brow become wrinkled with care and age, and the erect form bowed with accumulating years, but the true friend of long ago will be remembered as long as life and reason endure. It is thus in our visits among the veteran pio neers of Buckheart. The memories of their early life here are re called with pleasure. The origin of the name of this township is very amusing and is traced back to. the early history of the county. In 1850 when the township was organized it adopted the name of the election precinct that embraced this district prior to that time. Buckheart precinct was named from Buckheart creek that runs through it, and it was christened in honor of a grove called Buckheart Grove, which it passed through. The grove received the name of Buckheart in the following manner: About 1824 John Pixley, a tall, gaunt red headed fellow, a great blow and something of a hunter, and of whom 478 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. we speak in the first chapter, shot a buck near where the Woolen Factory of Canton now stands. The deer was wounded; Pixley swore it had been shot through the heart. He followed it across the prairie to the head of what is now Buckheart. Grove, where he lost track of it. Pixley used to tell the story as an instance of the wonderful tenacity of life possessed by deer, always insisting that he had unquestionably shot that buck through the heart, and that after- ward he had followed it five miles and it finally escaped him. The grove where it disappeared was called Buckheart Grove in de rision of this story, and the stream running through it received the same name, which was also afterward extended to the township. The first pioneers to locate in this township, then so highly prized for its beautiful timber, were Seth Hilton and Hazael Putman. The first mill was a water-mill, built on Big creek by John Eveland and Asa Johnson in 1828. This Eveland is the same man referred to in the first "chapter as being the first settler of the county. He left Waterford township and came to Buckheart a short time before this, where he died a few years afterwards. The first church organized in the township was in 1825 by the Regular Baptists. There was a school-house built in the township as early as 1825 or '26, thus showing that the earliest pilgrims had a love for religion and a de sire to educate their children. Who "the first teacher was is not now known. Bryant Methodist Episcopal Church. — There had been no regular Methodist Church within three miles of Bryant until 1846, when Johnson Smith and wife, Edward Ashton and wife, John Conner, wife and two daughters, Wm. Morse, wife and two daughters;. and John Morse and wife met at the school-house on the northeast cor ner of sec. 32, for the purpose of organizing a Methodist society, Rev. Mr. Shinn being the. preacher. From this time regular Meth odist meetings were held at this school-house until the new church edifice was built at Bryant. A subscription was taken in 1868, for the purpose of building a new church edifice and the building wasfin- ished the following fall, costing $2,800. The first regular Methodist preacher was Rev. Mr. Hunter; present membership about 60. Bryant Christian Church. — The first organization of the Antioch, now the Bryant, Christian Church was in June, 1854, at Mr. T. N. Hasson's, and consisted of the following members : Wm. G. Kirk patrick, Mrs. K. E. C. Kirkpatrick, Theophi.lus N. Hasson, Mrs. Margaret Hasson, Solomon Davis, Mrs. Eliza Davis, Mrs. Deborah Snyder, Misses Ellen, Elizabeth and Caroline Snyder, Mrs. Lucinda Putnam, Heman Johnson, Louisa J. Laws, Samuel Rowley, Mrs, Amy Rowley, Mrs. Paulina Harberson and others. Win. G. Kirk patrick was elected Elder and.T. N. Hasson Deacon. Elders Wm. Howard and John W. Hopkins presided at the meeting, and preached here occasionally for several years. Elder Wm. Grisson was the first permanent preacher. The first permanent church edifice was erected on sec. 6, Liverpool tp., in 1861. James C. Wilcoxen HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 479 donated the land, and the total expense of building and furnishing was about $2,000. It was moved to Bryant in the spring of 1869, where it now stands. Elder H. E. Puette has been pastor of the congregation for sometime, but has recently severed his connection with it. St. David Methodist Episcopal Church. — The Methodists of St. David and vicinity held meetings in various school-houses and in the Mormon Church at St. David until the spring of 1876, when they erected an edifice of their own, naming it Shryock's Chapel, as Mr. Shryock was a large contributor. The society numbers 25 and belongs to Canton circuit. Average attendance at Sunday-school about 65. L. S. Hitchens was the first preacher appointed after the chapel was built. Odd Fellows.— -Bryant Lodge, No. 619, I. O. O. F., received its charter October 11, 1876, when the members were John Virgil, F. M. Williams, Wm. C. Staton, George Humphrey and Eugene Smith. The charter is signed by N.'C. Nason, Grand Secretary, and John H. Oberly, Grand Master. Present membership about 19. Bryant Temperance Societies. — In the winter of 1877-8 a lodge of Good Templars was organized in this place, holding their meet ings in the M. E. church. Samuel and Alonzo Wilcoxen, James Kirkpatrick, Miss Louia Chapman and others were the leading spirits. The membership increased to 50 ; but the next winter the society was merged into the Blue Ribbon movement under the man agement of Daniel K. Shield, and the membership is now about 100. The movement has resulted in the reform of several well- known " confirmed " drunkards. Bryant Steam Saw-Mill. — J. M. Hasson, jr., Dr. D. O. Wedge and Eugene Smith, under the firm name of Hasson, Wedge & Smith, run a large saw-mill at Bryant, which has a capacity of 6,000 to 8,000 feet per day ; has averaged 100,000 feet per month. The engine is 25-horse power. They employ a large force contin ually during the busy seasons. Joseph Baker, farmer, was born in Sycamore township, Hamil ton Co., O., Sept. 15, 1813, and is the son of Jacob and Iodana (Sipes) Baker. Joseph came to this county in 1835 and located in Canton and engaged at carpentering. He remained there for .6 years, and then, followed threshing for 8 years; has lived on his present farm since 1851. He was united in marriage to Nancy A. Miller, Oct. 22, 1859. She was a daughter of Eli A. Bauman, and died June 16, 1872. Mr. B.'s farm is on the northwest quarter of sec. 33 and on sec. 28. This place was heavily timbered when Mr. B. bought it in 1859, and there is now 100 acres subject to the plow and well improved. He has been Assessor and Collector of the township. Linville Ballard, farmer, was born near Winchester, Clark Co., Ky., Jan., 1819; parents were John and Nancy (Bybee) Ballard, the latter a daughter of James Bybee, Clark Co., Ky., and natives 480 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of Virginia. Linville came to Liverpool, this county, Dec. 11 1852, and a year afterward he bought a 60-acre farm on sec. 26 Buckheart tp. He now has 240 acres, altogether. All except about $600 he has accumulated here by his own labor. In 1853 he married Lavina Bauman, daughter of Peter Bauman, and they now have 7 children, — Amanda Elmira, Mary M., Thomas W., Josie, Leroy, Peter and Harry F. Mr. B. is a Democrat, and has been School Director for some 16 or 20 years continuously. Nathaniel Butler Banks, deceased, came to Fulton Co. in 1835, and located on land now partly occupied by Cuba. He afterwards bought land on sec. 17, Buckheart tp., to which he moved his fam ily in 1847. He resided on this farm until his death, which occurred Jan. 20, 1878, in the 76th year of his age. He was born in Con necticut, and raised in New York. His wife was Ann B. Artman, with whom he lived over 50 years. She still resides on the old homestead with Henry W. Johnson. They had a family of 10 chil dren, 7 of whom are living: Margaret, Ruth, Joshua, Sarah, Thomas C, Henry W. J., Mary Ann and Elizabeth. Two of the sons were in the late war. Wm. S. enlisted in the 103d 111. Inf. and died after serving only a few months. John M. enlisted in Co. A, 55th 111. Inf., in Aug. 1861, and was killed at the battle of Pitts burg Landing. He was a Corporal. Eli A. Bauman, farmer, was born in Washington, D. C, and married Margery Paxton, a native of Cumberland Co., Pa. They came and settled on sec. 23, this tp., in 1838, building a two-story log house the next year, and moving into it with their family of 9 children. (The cabin is still standing.) The children were Peter, Samuel, Eli, Catherine, Charlotte, Nancy, Eliza and Margery Ann. All have married except Margery, who is deceased. Samuel married a Miss Frakes, now deceased, and he still lives in Wayne Co., Ia. Eli married Julia Mocksby, lived in Wayne Co., Iowa, and died there, leaving three children. Catherine married Gideon Carver and lives in this tp. Charlotte married Jacob Fisher and lives also in this tp. Nancy first married Samuel Miller, and after his death she married Joseph Baker, since which time she has died. Eliza married Jerry Ford, and has since died. Mr. Bauman is still living in Wayne county, Iowa. \ Peter Bauman, farmer, son of preceding, was born near Carlisle, Cumberland Co., Pa., May 27,1813; married Mary Ann, daughter of Thos. T. Bybee, in 1839, iu Buckheart tp. He has a family of 12 children, namely, Lavina, Thomas Eli, Minerva (last two deceased), Jemima, Evaline (dec), Mary E., William H. (dec.), Debby A, Louisa, Julia, Frank and Elmer. Thos. Eli was killed in a run away of horses in 1855. The three others died of scarlet fever in 1857, and were all buried in one grave ! Jemima married John H. Snider and lives in this tp.; Mary E. married John W. Horton, and also lives in this tp. ; Debby A. married John J. Farris, and lives here, anc! Louisa married Herman Homer and lives 5 miles west of Farmington, this county. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. -481 Mr. Bauman is now living on sec. 27, Buckheart tp., on which he has made all the improvements himself. In 1878 he built a large 2£ story house, with L, a large new barn and other buildings, so that now he has one of the finest farms in the county. In politics he is a Democrat. John W Beets, farmer and operator of a saw-mill, sec. 24 , is a na tive of Highland Co., O., where he was born in 1848. His parents were Elisha and Sarah (Daugherty) Beets, who now reside in Ban ner tp. John W. enlisted to serve in the Union Army during: the war, Oct. 12, 1864, in the 10th IU. Inf., Co. B. He was with Sher man on his famous march to the sea ; was taken sick at Washington, D. C, sent to Springfield and mustered out Aug. 9, 1865. He en listed in Co. K, 10th U. S. Reg. Inf., March 10, 1867 for 3 years. He served 2 years at Ft. Wadsworth, D. Ty, and one year on the Rio Grande, in Texas. He .married Caroline M. Fouts, Aug. 3, 1871, who is a daughter of Wm. Fouts and was born July 19, 1846. They have a family of 3 children, — Buena, born July 10, '72, Frank, Aug. 8, '74, and Lena, May 30, '77. Thomas T. Bybee, farmer, deceased, was born in Clark Co., Ky., Sept., 1798. He married and had two sons, David, born in 1819, and James, in 1821. His second wife was a widow Jennings, who also had two sons, James and Elijah. Her maiden name had been Deborah Wilcoxen, and she was born in Ash C,o., N. C, March 3, 1801. Two daughters were the fruit of the last marriage, Lavina, born Feb. 12, 1824, and Mary Ann, born in 1826. David Bybee first married a Miss Spencer, who died, and afterwards he married Margery Ann Ballard, and they now live in Canton. James mar ried a Miss Beunyer and subsequently died, leaving a family, in Banner tp. Lavina married Wm. H. Smith, and has since deceased, leaving a family, also in Banner tp. Mary Ann married Peter Bauman, whose sketch is given above. Mr. Thomas T. Bybee came to this county in the winter of the deep snow (1830-31), and commenced with \ sec. of land. He died April 8, 1872, leaving property estimated at $300,000, which he made at farming, dealing in stock, etc. He was a Democrat. Samuel Carper was born in Londonderry, Pa., in 1819. He first came to Illinois in 1850 and bought the farm upon which he now resides, and upon which he has put fine improvements, — all the re sult of his own labors. His parents were Samuel and Christina (Myers) Carper, both natives of Lebanon Co., Pa. The Carpers are an old family, and date back in the history of America prior to the Revolution. The grandparent of the subject of this sketch was a soldier under Washington. Mr. C. in 1849 married Elizabeth Baker, in Bedford Co., Pa. She was a daughter of Jacob and Fanny Baker. They have 3 children : Levi, Jacob and Mary J. John W Carey, farmer, was born in 1841, in Lewistown tp. His rather, David Carey, of Ireland, died while Johu was very young. The latter was then adopted by Samuel Wilcoxen, and when of age 482 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mr. W. deeded to him 80 acres of land on sec. 17, on which he has since resided. In 1863 he married Eliza J. Porter,- of Putman tp., and their children are Charles Traverse, Essie Ellen andLouisa Dell. Mr. C. exels in raising Poland China hogs, and at a fair at Canton one time he took the first prize, $1,000.. He is interested also in fine cattle, having now a small herd of short-horns, among them a fine ten-year-old bull ("Star-Gazer"), which is the sire ,of one of the finest heifers in Kentucky ("Fanny Foster"). Mr. C. has also a thoroughbred French Canadian stallion ("French Roland"), which took the first premium at the Canton fair of 1878, for all purposes, and also at other fairs. Besides, Mr. C. has other high-grade animals, to describe which we have not space here. Mr. and Mrs. Carey are members of the United Brethren Church ; he has been School Director, Township Collector, etc. < National Greenbacker, with Republican proclivities. Gideon Carver, farmer, sec. 28 ; was born in Madison Co., Ky., Nov. 25, 1816. His father was Pleasant M. Carver, who was born in the Old Dominion in 1788, and died in Nov., 1876. Gideon's mother was Catharine Carver, nee Shryock, who was born in Fayette Co., Ky. She died in 1865. P. M. Carver came to this county in 1833, and located on sec. 22, this tp., where both he and his wife died. Gideon Carver married Catharine A. Bauman, daughter of Eli A. Bauman, Sept. 26, 1839. She has borne a family of 7 chil dren : John, James, both deceased, Henry, Eliza, Sarah, Ellen and Jasper. Henry married lone Laus, and Jives on sec. 21. Ellen married Frederick L. Fisher, of Champaign Co., 111. Eugene Churchill, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 23 ; P. O., Bryant; was born in N. Y., Oct. 14, 1840; parents were Silas and Esther; in the late war he was a member of Co. C, 9th N. Y. Cav. Vol. ; served, 18 months, being in several hard-fought battles; married Rebecca Whitney in 1876, a native of Illinois. Mr. C. makes a specialty of fine stock, — Poland-China hogs, Hambletonian and Messenger horses, etc. Samuel A. Cunningham, was born on Welsh Run, near Mercers- burg, Pa., May 4, 1820, and is the son of David and Ann (Alexan der) Cunningham, the former a native of the same place, theUatter of Havre De Gras, Md. S. A. came to this county May 4, 1-849, He visited friends near Overman's Mound a few days and finally located in Canton and carried on blacksmithing. In 1851 he bought a farm in Canton tp. of 107 acres ; he lived there till 1856 when he moved to his present farm of 275 acres on sees. 3 and 4- This place has some of the finest improvements upon it that are in the county.. He also owns 335 acres one mile south of the old home farm ; also 40 acres near Springfield, 111., nicely improved ; and also 80 acres in Orjon tp., and a small piece on sec. 19, Buckheart. He was married March 21, 1848, to Elizabeth Boyd. The children born to them were Ann Rebecca, who was born in 1849 and died in 1864 ; Chas. Clinton, Sarah Ellen, James Edgar, Thomas J., allliving HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 483 at home. Mr. C. started in active life at the age of 21 with noth ing but hands and head to make his way. To what good advantage he has put all these, his record shows. Joseph-Evans, farmer, sec. 36, was born in Licking Co., O., Aug. 19, 1810. His parents were John and Hannah (Inscoe) Evans ; the former a native of Wales, the mother of Ohio. Joseph came to this county in 1854 and located in Liverpool tp. He soon went west, but returned in 1860. He married Elizabeth Moreland in Licking Co., O., Dec. 26, 1831. She was a daughter of Bazaleel and Margaret (Fahs) Moreland. She was born in Hampshire Co., Va., June 22, 1807. They have been blessed with 10 children, 9 of whom are living: Peter, John, Margaret, Rebecca and Johanna, twins, Philip F., Elizabeth J., David W, James K. P., and Rich ard M. - Three of their sons, John B., Philip F. and David W., served in the late war. They enlisted at the same time, Oct., 1862, in Co. C, 103rd regt., at Canton. David was wounded at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, in the hip, which disabled him and he was discharged in the spring of '65. One month later John and Philip were both wounded at the battle of Atlanta. John had one finger shot off. Philip was shot in the left arm and knee. The latter re ceived his discharge the same time David did. John B. remained till the close of the war and was with Sherman on his famous march. John J. Farris, farmer, son of John K. Farris, was born in Isa bel tp. this county; married Debbie, daughter -of Peter Bauman, July 23, 1874; have had 3 children : Edward, the only one living, was born May 7, 1876. Mr. Farris is Independent in politics. John K. Farris, deceased, was brought by his father, John Farris, from Kentucky to Liverpool tp. in 1837 or '38. He married Mary, daughter of James Pollitt, an early settler, and died Dec. 24, 1878. His wife is still living in Isabel tp. Frederick Fisher was an early settler of Buckheart tp. He came to this county with his wife and 4 children in 1831. The children were Barbara, deceased, Jacob, John and Henry. Those born in this country were Cynthia A., Mary J., Sarah D., Daniel G., Clara M., Isabel H., Elizabeth, Ellen G. and Frederick L. Six of the children are still living in this county. Cynthia married David Cop- pie and lives in Indiana ; Sarah married Marion Kimberlan and lives in Missouri. Clara M. married John Ford and resides in Iowa, Isabel married Jacob Fouts ; Elizabeth married Wm. Har per ; Ellen married Thos. Butts ; Jacob married Charlotte Bauman ; John married Melissa Maxwell, all of whom live in this county. Henry married Naomi Shields; David married Mary Ellis and Frederick married Ellen Carver. These live in Champaign Co., HI. Mr. F. settled on S. W. quarter of sec. 11, which he improved. He bought sec. 23, which he also improved and lived upon till his death, which occurred July 5, 1876. His widow, who was Sarah Fouts, born in Clark Co., Ind., Oct. 5, 1807, still lives at the old 484 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. homestead. Both were members of the M. E. Church, but of later years both were members of the Christian Church. During the "Westerfield Defeat" this family indulged in the general scare and went over the river to Sugar Grove and remained 2 weeks. John Fisher, son of Frederick Fisher, is engaged quite extensively in agriculture on sec. 2, owning some 1,300 acres of land, all im proved by himself. He was born October 2, 1827, in Washington, Clark Co., Ind. He married Melissa Maxwell Oct. 10, 1850. They have 7 children: Josephine, born Aug. 17, '51; Alice, June 6, '54; Willard, Jan. 17,'59; Leonard, Oct. 17/61; Charles, April 7,'64; Attie, Aug. 17/69, and Dolly B., Oct. 1, '71. Alice married Francis M. Fouts Dec. 21, '76. Jacob Fisher, son of Frederick Fisher, was born in Clark Co., Ind., in 1825. He married Charlotte Bauman Jan. 1, 1856, in Van Buren Co., Iowa. They have one child, Olive E., who was born Aug, 21, 1858. Andrew Fouts was born in Clark Co., Ind., in 1807, and came to this county in 1829. He married in. Jan., 1834, Eliza Ann Hufford, a native of Buford Co., Ky., and a daughter of George Hufford, They have but one son, Martin Fouts. Daniel Fouts was the father of Andrew, and his grandfather was Jacob Fouts, who emigrated from Germany to the U. S. before the Revolution. . Daniel Fouts settled on sec. 10, where he died at the age of 92 years. Andrew, his brother Emsley and Demps Garen the first winter they came kept bachelors' haH in a little log house, and lived on game, corn cake and " corn juice." In an early day at Mr. F.'s house were held Methodist meetings every 2 weeks until a school-house was built. The first minister on the circuit was Rev. Henry Summers. They were here during the. " big snow," when game was very timid. One of their neighbors in riding along the path overtook a wolf. He sprang from his horse, caught it and cut its throat. Their first cook-stove was procured by taking a wagon load of wheat to Chi cago and bringing the stove back. The wheat did not sell for enough to pay for the stove. Mrs. F. spun and wove all the cloth for wearing apparel, from the raw flax. She has cloth in the house now that she made from flax that they raised. Francis M. Fouts was born on the" old homestead of his father's, Dougan Fouts, on sec. 14, upon which he still resides. Dougan Fouts was a native of Indiana, and his father was Jacob Fouts, one of the earliest settlers in this county. Dougan Fouts' wife was Sarah Hutchinson, a native of Virginia. She is still living with her son Francis, at the age of 65 years. Her husband died March 27, 1862. Her father, Zachariah Hutchinson, came to this county in 1835. Dougan Fouts had a family of 6 girls and one son : Eleanor, who married Cyrus Babcock; Elizabeth married Archibald Carver ; Rebecca married John Carleton ; Harriet married George Hammitt; Sarah married John Provard; Nancy married T. J. Kelly, and Francis M. married Alice, daughter of John Fisher, THOMAS T. BYBEE (deceased) HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 487 Jacob Fouts, deceased, was a native of North Carolina and was born in 1788. His wife was Eleanor Dougan, and was born in 1790 in the same State. The Foutses are of English descent. His father was Jacob, and the first one of the name we can trace came from En gland. Jacob Fouts came to this county about 1831, from Indiana, bringing a family of 9 children, — Dougan, Rebecca, Jacob, Wm., Sarah, Thomas, Elizabeth J., Levi and Lewis. Francis C. and Malcolm C. were born in this county. Thomas, Elizabeth and Mal colm are still living in this county. Jacob Fouts located on sec. 14, where he lived for 15 years, and finally moved to sec. 12, where he died in Oct., 1874. Mrs. F. died Nov. 17, 1858. Malcolm C. Fouts, youngest son of Jacob Fouts, is living on the old homestead on sec. 12. He was born in 1836 on this farm; was married March 30, 1859, to Julia Fouts, of Buckheart township, and daughter of John Fouts, an early settler who now' resides in the southern part of the State. They have a family of 7 children : Florence A., Rebecca J., Hattie N., Nellie D., Charles L., Sophia D., and Mary M., all of whom are living. Frank M. Harrison, M. D., was born in Licking Co., O., in 1856. His parents, Spencer H. and Georgiana (Hall) H., were natives of Ohio and came to this county in 1855, settling at Cuba, where Mr. H. now resides : Mr. H. died about 1868. Frank M. read medi cine under Dr. J. K. Welch, of Cuba, five years, and in 1878 graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, la., since which time he has praticed at Bryant. Independent in poli tics, with a Democratic tendency. /. M. Hasson, jr., merchant and lumber' manufacturer, was born in Lewis Co., Ky., in 1830. His parents were Theophilus N. and Margaret (Riley) Hasson, who emigrated to the vicinity of Beardstown (in Schuyler Co.) in 1834; from 1837 to 1855 Mr. H. resided on a farm 2|- miles northeast of Lewistown ; then he was in the drug business in Lewistown until his death, Dec. 28, 1877. He was formerly a Whig, and since 1854 a Republican : was Justice of the Peace in Lewistown township for 20 or 25 years. He had a family of 7 children, 61 iving, — Louisa, James M., Mary (died at the age of 16), Wm. R., Celinda C, Elvira S., Charles N. and Henry C. James M. married Emily Waldron at Lewistown Sept. 1, 1853, who was a native of New York near Rochester. They have 4 children,— Celinda, John H., Frank and Laura. Mr. H. "is now of the firm of Hasson, Wedge & Smith, operating a saw-mill at Bryant) sawing and shipping about 100,000 ft. of lumber a month, mostly hard-wood. Mr. H. is also carrying on a general merchandise business at Bryant, doing at least $25,000 per annum. He is a " stalwart" Republican, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. William Herriot, proprietor of the Brvant House, Bryant, was born in Munson Co., Pa., 1813. His parents, Jesse and Annie (Prawl) Herriot, moved to Genesee Co., N. Y., when he was quite small and 30 488 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. where he was raised. He was united in marriage with Maria, < ter of Josiah and Betsy (Kellogg,) Carrier, at Avon, N. Y., Oct 1, 1813. Mrs. H. was born in Hartford Co., Ct. The grandfather of Mr. H. came from Scotland and settled in Pennsylvania, and was a soldier under Washington in the Revolution. The Carriers are also of Scotch descent, their ancestors coming to America priortothe Revolution. Wm. H. came to this county in 1 846 and located in El- lisville, where he carried on blacksmithing some 10 years. He then moved upon a farm on sec. 18, Deerfield township, where he passed another decade. He came to Bryant in 1864 and carried on black smithing for several years, but now rents his shop. Of his children, Emily M. married Jeremiah J. Jackson and lives in Dixon Co., Kans. ; Florence L. married Dr. D. O. Wedge and resides in Bry ant; Chauncey L. married Irene A. Hasson, and Albert L. lives with his parerits. Mrs. Wm. G. came with her parents from Con necticut to New York in a two-horse wagon, and herself and hus band came from that State to Fulton Co. in a two-horse wagon, the trip taking 28 days. Thus she made the whole trip from Hartford, Ct., in a wagon. Abraham Hews, born in 1818, first came to this county in 1846, and. except 1860-2, when he was in Iowa, has remained here, engaged princijially in farming. Aug. 8, 1852, near Cuba, he mar ried Parmelia, daughter of Hiram Sanders. She was born in 1834. Their children are John W., Abraham Lincoln, Gardiner E., Benj. H., Laura A. The three younger are still at home. Republican, Benjamin Hews was born in Saratoga Co., N. Y., near Saratoga Springs, in 1821. John and Polly (Schriver) were his parents, both natives of Dutchess Co., N. Y., and of English and German descent. Mr. H. was married at Saratoga Springs in 1843 to Eliza Ann Rose. In 1846 he came to this county and located in Put man tp. In 1854 he bought a farm on sec. 9, Buckheart, and the following spring moved on it and has since resided there, and put substantial improvements on it. The marriage above spoken of has resulted in the birth of 6 children : Henry A., born Oct. 19, 1844; John, July 31, '45; William, June 13, '62; Julia A., Aug. 4, '54, and Joseph, born Sept. 13, 1856. Julia married Adam Wrigly, and met her death by being burnt by the explosion of a kerosene lamp. She left one child, Anna, who is living with her grandparents. Henry Hinds was among the pioneers of this county, coming in 1832. He was a native of Virginia. He was united in marriage with Martha Steel in Westmoreland Co., Pa. They first settled on sec. 3, Buckheart tp., where they lived till 1836, wheq they moved to Young Hickory tp., where Mrs. Hinds died March 4, 1859. Mr, H. died July 6, 1869, in Joshua tp., at the house ofhis son-in-law, Job Wolke. Their children are : Alexander, who lives upon the homestead in Young Hickory, Mary (Walker), Jacob, Elizabeth (Wilson), living in Nebraska, Martha (Bredwell), of Canton, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 489 Hettie (Dow), of Canton, Rosana (Hamilton), died in April, 1841. Jacob Hinds lives on sec. 3, Buckheart township, on the old homestead where his father, Henry Hinds, first settled on coming to this county in 1832. He was born May 25, 1817, and has a family of 4 children : John, Frank, Alice and Em. He was mar ried in Canton tp. in 1840 to Sarah Johnson, a native of Clark Co., Ind., who is still living. Geo. W. Horton was born in Licking Co., Ohio, Sept. 27, 1840, a son to Robert Horton, who was a native of Culpepper Co., Va., and who married Polly Smith, a native of the same county, and of German descent. Geo. W. came to this county in the fall of 1855, and in the following spring he went to Iowa; but in 1859 he re turned to Fulton Co. to remain. In Aug., 1862, he enlisted at Can ton in the 103d 111. Vol. Inf., Co. C, as Corporal ; served until July, 1865, being under Gen. John A. Logan during the whole time; was sick only two or three months, and that was with the measles, and never wounded ; engaged in 28 or more battles and skirmishes ; went through with Gen. Sherman to the sea, and closed at Bentonville, N. C. ; was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., and received his discharge papers at Chicago. Returning to this coun ty, he married Mary E. Bauman July 25, 1867, daughter of Peter Bauman. Have had 6 children, 4 living, as follows : Minerva Evaline, July 6, 1868; Thos. T., Oct. 7, 1869; Hattie Amanda, Feb. 3, 1872; Mary Matilda, Oct. 26, 1873; Lovina Amelia, Feb. 9, 1875, died March 13, 1875; Georgia Ann, born Aug. 19, 1876, died Nov. 6, 1877. The family are living on the old Thos. T. By bee homestead, sec. 35. Mr. Horton is a Democrat, and has been School Director several terms. Francis Marion Hufford was born June 22, 1834. He enlisted in Co. A, 55th 111. Inf., and served in the late war till his death, which occurred Nov. 19, 1863, when he died of disease contracted in the army. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Shiloh and afterwards paroled. Two of his children now live in this county. They are Margery and Marion, both living on sec. 10, with their uncle, Andrew Fouts. Mr. H. married Hannah J. Bull, daughter of Wm. Bull, of Cuba, Feb. 10, 1856, and she died May 22, 1858. Wm. Hummil, farmer, was born Dec, 1810, in Licking Co., O. ; his father, Jacob, was a native of Chester Co., Pa., and- his mother, Fanny (McNaughton) Hummil, was of Scotch-Irish descent. There were 3 children in the family ; in 1830, Mr. Jacob Hummil with his second wife and 11 children came to Fulton Co., — Thomas, William, Elizabeth, Jacob, Rebecca, John, Samuel, Fanny, Eva- line, Eden and Nathan ; Henry was born in this county. Besides, they left 4 children in Ohio, — Matthias, Mary Ann, Drusilla and James. The family located on S. W. i of sec. 31, this tp. Wm. married Nancy M. Wilcoxen, daughter of Elijah W., Jan. 2, 1834, and they have had 10 children, 8 of whom are living, — Mary E., Isaiah. M., John Calhoun, Anna, Jesse B., Charlotte, Nancy M. and 490 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Lavina. All are living in this county except Mary E., who' lives in Davis Co., Iowa, and John C, at Golden, Boulder Co., Col. All are married except John C. Mr. and Mrs. H. are members of the Christian Church. Lorenzo Jameson, deceased, was a native of Canaan, Grafton Co, N. H., and was born March 11, 1816. His father, Jeremiah Jameson, was born in Feb., 1786. The elder Jameson's wife was Sarah Chase, daughter of Samuel Chase, of Salem, N. H. The family originally came from Scotland. Our subject came to this county in the spring of 1854 and settled in Can ton, and in 1855 bought a farm on section 5, this township, where he resided till his demise, which occurred May 22, 1874. The homestead is now owned and occupied by his only child, John A., who was born in New Hampshire August 17, 1849. His wife's name was Deborah Whittier, who was born in Newport, N. H., in 1813. Her grandfather, Thomas Whittier, enlisted under Wash ington at the age of 15 and served during the 7-years war. Wm. J. is still living ; John A. Jameson married Martha McCreary, daugh ter of Nicholas and Martha ( Moran ) McCreary of Putman tp., Jan. 19, 1875. Two children were born to them: Sumner L., born March 1, 1876, and Alice L., born Feb. 9, 1878. Anderson M. Jarnagin, farmer, deceased, was born in Tennessee Feb. 9, 1805, brought up in Ohio, came to Illinois in an early day, locating in Knox county, and died March 25, 1878. He married Elizabeth Bradley in Highland Co., O., Aug., 1828, where their 3 first children were born, — Sarah, May 28, 1829; Isaac M., April 10, 1831 ; Ellen, Jan. 30, 1835. About 1840 they removed to Knox Coi, 111., where Eliza was born Dec. 23, 1841, and John H. and Wm. A. (twins) July 25, 1844. Wm. A. died April 11, 1865, and 2 children died in infancy. Mr. J. was a Democaat. Mrs. J's fath er, Daniel Bradley, was a native of Ireland, and she was born in Rockbridge Co., Va. Aug. 20, 1809. John H. Jarnagin, son of the preceding, in 1862 married Sarah McClatchy, a native of Ohio. She died Nov., 1867, leaving 2 chil dren, — Mary Ellen, who died at the' age of 3 years, and Leroy. Mr. J. afterwards married Leah Williams, June 13, 1868, by whom he has 4 children, — Myrtle, Catherine Elizabeth, Minnie Ellen and Mary Alta, — all at hoine. Mr. J. is a Democrat, and he and his wife are both members of the Christian Church. David Johnson, farmer, was born in Clark Co., Ind., March 26, 1825 ; in the fall of 1827 his parents, Richard M. and Catherine (nee Fouts), emigrated with him to Fulton Co., 111. Near Canton, June 17, 1849, David married Charlotte Walling, a native of Ohio and daughter of Louis and Cynthia (Peirce) Walling. Their chil dren are : Cynthia Ellen, born March 8, 1851 ; Charles H., Nov. 5, 1855, died Jan 15, 1879; George Delmer, born Jan 30, 1859; Sarah Annas, Feb. 3, 1862 ; and Luella, Nov. 27, 1868. Cynthia E, married Joseph DeArmand aud lives in Montgomery Co., Kan. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 491 All the rest are living at home. Mr. J. is a Democrat, and lives on sec. 10. Isaac Johnson, deceased, was born in Washington Co., Pa., and came to this county in 1837, and located at Middle Grove, near Farmington, where he lived 3 years and then moved to Buckheart, where he died in Nov., 1873. Mrs. J. is still living on the old homestead on sec. 16. Dr. Johnson's parents were John and Rachel (Statts) Johnson, both natives of South Carolina. His great-grand parents were from Scotland and Germany. He had a family of 11 children : Isaiah B., Caroline S., Sylvanus, Nathaniel H., Wm. P., Marinda J., Berlin S., and Caleb B. Those not living are John W., Mary E., and Indiann. Two of the sons, Berlin and Sylvanus, served in the army during the Rebellion. Isaac Johnson was originally a Jackson Democrat, but was for many years before the war a Free-Soiler, up to his death a Republican. He was a phy sician and practiced during his life in this county. Before coming here he served as Sheriff of Meigs Co., O. Lemuel Johnson, farmer, son of the next mentioned, married Mar garet Weller March 16, 1857, and has two children, — Richard M., born Dec. 1, 1857, and Douglas, Sept. 1, 1865. The home consists of 90 acres, on sec. 34, Canton tp., and sec. 3, Buckheart tp., the residence being in the latter tp. It is just one mile from the public square in Canton. Democrat but rather independent. Richard M. Johnson, deceased, was born in Randolph Co., N. C, Aug. 8, 1797. His parents, Josiah and Sarah (Wright) Johnson, moved with him to Indiana and died there. He married Catharine Fouts in Clark Co., Ind., who had also been born in Randolph Co., N. C. Her parents, David and Mary, were early settlers of Fulton Co., and died here, aged 91 and 84 years respectively. Richard M. and family emigrated to Fulton Co. in Nov., 1 827 ; the following March he bought a farm on sec. 32, Caaiton tp., and settled upon it, where the widow still lives, aged about 78 years. He died Feb. 8, 1879. Their children born in Indiana were : Sarah, Nov. 21, 1820; Lemuel, March 1,1823; and David, March 26, 1825. Those born here were: Emsley, Dec. 22, 1829; Mary Ann, Sept. 7, 1831 (died Dec. 3, 1872); Martha, Feb. 22, 1833; Elisha and Elijah (twins), March 20, 1836; and Julia Ann, May 28, 1840. All live in this Co. except Julia, the wife of Wm. Bocock, who lives in Woodford Co., 111. Mr. and Mrs. J. were members of the Christian Church. The widow is still able to do all her own work. In early times Mr. J. acted as marshal, or minute man, to call the settlers together when Indians threatened. The "fort" was the brick dwelling of Jacob Ellis, on see. 9, Buckheart tp., and was such at the time of Wester- field's defeat. Robert Johnson was born in Belmont Co., O., in 1807, and is the son of Johmand Rachel (Statts) Johnson. Mr. R. came to this county March 27, 1857, and located on sec. 16, Buckheart tp., and built a house into which he moved. After living in it for 15 years 492 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. it was burned during the absence of the family. It was supposed to have been robbed and then set on fire. Mr. J. had several hun dred dollars in money in the house at the tim'e. He immediately built his present residence. He married Mary Myers, daughter of John Myers, in 1833. They brought 7 children to this county with them : Susan M., Elizabeth M., Andrew M., Abram, Charles S. Wm. A., and Robert S. Mrs. J. died Aug. 10, 1877. Two of the' boys served in the army during the late war : Abram and Charles. James Hervey Kelley was born in Lewis Co., Ky., Oct. 20, 1809 and is the son of Henry Kelley of Augusta Co., Va. His grand father was John. Kelley, of the same State; his father was a native of Ireland. Henry Kelley's wife's maiden name was Catharine Buchanan, and was born about the year 1787. They were married Dec. 30, 1801. James H. married Prudence Brown Dec. 13, 1836. She was born at Thomaston, Me., Jan. 14, 1809. They had a family of 4 children, 2 living: Samuel A. and Ann. The latter married Wm. S. Hood and lives in this township. Mr. K. came to this county in 1835 with his parents, and has lived at his present resi dence, sec. 28, for 41 years. His first wife, died Aug. 8, 1876, and he has since married Susan Virginia Walker, who was born in 1826, and is the daughter of Wm. and Nancy Walker. John Henry Kelley, farmer, merchant, and proprietor of a saw mill; was born in Tollsborro, Lewis Co., Ky., June 3, 1819. His father, Wm. Kelley, is a native of Kentucky, and is now living at the age of 90 years. William's father was John Kelley, a native of Ireland. He died in Kentucky aged nearly 100 years. John Kel ley's mother, Annie (Hannahs) Kelley, was a daughter of Hugh Hannahs. John Kelley came to this county in 1850 and located near Bryant. He married Harriet Putman, daughter of Harrison Putman, in 1857, and has a family of 2 children: Wm. H., born Aug. 1 2, 1859, and Frank Ellsworth, Aug. 20, 1869. Mr. K. is at present carrying on a farm upon which he settled\in 1870, on sec. 29, of 360 acres, a saw-mill on sec. 33, and a general store at Bryant. His mill has a capacity of 100,000 feet per month. Samuel Adams Kelley was born on sec. 28, Buckheart township, March 1, 1842 and is the son of James H. and Prudence (Brown) Kelley. He was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Stevenson Aug. 13, 1867. Mrs. K. is a daughter of John Stevenson, who was born in Frederick Co., Md., Nov. 19, 1784, and was born in High land Co., O., Aug. 13, 1837. John Stevenson died in Putman town ship June 17, 1873. His wife, Catharine Black, was born Sept. 3, 1797, in Bucks Co., Pa. and died Feb. 2, 1874. Samuel A Kelly and wife have had three children : Jennie Adelia, born June 20, '68; Laura May, May 22, '72, and Francis Emily, Nov. 8, '77. Thomas Jasper Kelley is a son of John H. Kelley, and was born on sec. 28, Buckheart township, June 20, 1843. He lives on the old homestead of his father consisting of 320 acres. He is now holding his second term as Saparvisor of the township, and has served in HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 493 manv other offices. On the old homestead are 30 or 40 mounds, which were made by the Mound Builders. Mr. K. was married to Miss Annie Fouts, daughter of Dugan Fouts, Feb. 23, 1868, at the residence of her mother on sec. 14. They had a family of two children, neither living. Charles Edgar died aged 3 years, in Nov. 1879 ; the other in infancy. /. /. Kirkpatrick, merchant, was born in Brown Co., O., Nov. 15, 1815, but was brought up in the interior of Kentucky ; came to this county Dec. 25, 1854, married the widow of John Riley, located in Putman township, and engaged in farming; in 1865 he entered the hardware business in Canton, as a member of the firm of C. Haines &Co. ; in 1867 he went to Bryant and in company with his brother conducted a general merchandise store for about five years, and then established a drug store, and one year ago opened a store of boots, shoes, tinware and notions, — a nephew attending the drug-store, and his only son, Archie Inskeep. Member of the Christian Church. Republican. Jacob Lingenfelter, deceased, was born in the town of Greenfield, Bedford Co., Pa., Oct. 12, 1806. His father's name was also Jacob, a native of the same county. The great-great grandfather of the subject of this sketch came from Germany in the early part of the last century and his son was born in the Keystone State and served under Washington in the Revolution. Our subject came to Fulton county in the fall of 1847, bringing his wife and a family of 8 chil dren in the spring of the following year. The names of the children are Margaret, Matthias, Josiah, Moses, Christina, Aaron, John and David, who were all born in Penn., and of the number Margaret, John and David are now living. Four children were born to them after they came to this county: Frederick, Jacob, Alexander and Sarah C. ; Jacob Lingenfelter located on sec. 13 Buckheart town ship where he bought a farm of 80 acres. He deserves more than a passing notice in the pages of local history, for commencing with limited means, by honesty, frugality and industry he accumulated a large property, leaving to his family 700 or 800 acres of land. He died Sept. 14, 1876. His widow and 4 of the younger children now liveat the old homestead. He was a Republican in politics and 3 of his sons served in the late war. Josiah served 3 years in 103d 111. Inf., and was wounded at Jonesboro, Ga. ; went through with Sherman to the sea; was in 21 engagements. He now lives. in Champaign Co. His children are Lydia C, Frederick E., and Sarah E. Aaron enlisted in 1861 in the 55th 111. Inf., and served 4 years, participated in 32 engagements, and was wounded twice. In the fights around Atlanta July 22, 1864, a finger was shot off. He also went with Gen. Sherman through Georgia and the Carolinas, and was shot through the shoulder at the Battle of Bentonville, N. C. This was about the last fight of the war. He now resides with his family in Banner tp. While on Sherman's march he with a party 494 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. went out foraging. Some of the men of "rebel Gen. Wheeler's cavalry took after the party and separated Aaron from his compan ions and took . him prisoner, but before they had delivered him up and while parlying with them, as he was standing beside his horse one of them shot at him. The ball passed through his clothes, cut ting his watch chain so that his watch dropped into his boots. At that critical moment some of the Union troops came up, when Mr. L. saw his chance for escape and told the rebels they might go to , picked up his gun and began firing. He calls that about the tightest place he was ever in. John enlisted. Feb. 22, 1864, in 103d 111. Inf., was taken sick almost immediately thereafter with erysipelas, and died in hospital at Springfield, March 22, 1864. The wife of Jacob Lingenfelter was Sarah Clear, also a native of Bedford Co., Pa., and a daughter of Frederick Clear, whose father came from Germany. Moses Lingenfelter was born in 1 857, and now lives on part of the old homestead. He married Sarah E., daughter of Minard Vandyke, of Liverpool tp. Wm. R., Josiah R., Jacob F., and Sarah Ann are their children. Jonah Lingenfelter married Margaret Shellenberger Sept. 10, 1874. She was a daughter of Wm. Shellenberger, who enlisted in Co. D, 55th 111. Inf., and was killed at the battle of Shiloh, April 6, 1862. Jacob L. married Mary Ann Kendall, daughter of Thomas Ken dall, of Banner, Feb. 18, 1877. Nora Etta is the name of their little girl. Peter Loucks, a native of New York and of Mohawk Dutch descent, came to this county in Sept., 1855, and located on the Woodside place at Cuba, and engaged in railroad work as conductor, baggage-master and contractor. About 1834 he was united in mar riage with Harriet Hews at Albany, N. Y., who was a native of Saratoga, N. , Y. They have a family of five children, — Rosetta Ann,. Eliza Ellen, Addie Jane, Charley and Parmelia Isabel, all living at home with parents. He is a Democrat, and himself and wife are members of the United Brethren Church. John Lucky was born in Hartford Co., Md., in 1808. His parents were Wm. and Rebecca (Leggett) Lucky* He came to Illinois in 1838, and located on. sec. 17, this tp. There was a smaU'log-cabin on the place into which he moved his family. The place was not otherwise improved. He bought a shot-gun and a bag of shot, and says he never lived and enjoyed himself better in his life. He lived principally on game, corn bread and pork. He ground his corn in "Armstrong's Mill," which consisted of a piece of tin punched full of holes and bent over a board, and used as a^ grater. He married Elizabeth McCreary in April 25, 1833. Jacob A. Maynard, farmer, sec. 14 ; was born in Feb., 1852, upon the farm where he now resides. He was married to Anna L. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 495 Brokaw, daughter of Henry Brokaw, deceased. Her mother is now living with herself and husband. They have 2 children, — Fred B. and Jacob A., jr. Jeffry Amherst Maynard, Jacob's father, is a native of PhiUipston, Mass., and was born March 7, 1809, and died at his home 3 miles south of Canton in Feb., 1864. He was num bered among the pioneers of this county, having come here in 1830, and located on sec. 1, Buckheart tp., which he improved; but in 1835, the time of the great storm, his log cabin, fences, etc., were demolished, and Mrs. M. badly injured, and a Mrs. G. Gould, who was visiting at Mr. M.'s, was fatally injured and died the next morn ing. The storm occurred at 10 o'clock, P. M. Mr. M. then moved to where he died. In 1832 he married Rebecca Fox, a native of Richmond, Wayne Co., Ind. She bore him 8 children : Louis C, Maria Ellen, deceased, Wm. D., Lucy N., Edward, Perry A., de ceased, Jacob A., and Chas. C. Mr. M. taught school in Buckheart tp. in an early day. He was a strong temperance advocate and was among the first to abolish liquor from the harvest field. J. H. McCreary was born in Buckheart tp. in March, 1839 ; mar ried Mary J. Hews, daughter of Wm. P. ; has 4 children, — Chas. Sumner, Jennie L., Mattie and Nicholas, — all at home. His father was Nicholas McCreary, a native of Baltimore, Md., who came to this county about 1838, and settled on sec. 16; afterwards moved to Putman tp. where he now lives. He married Frances A. Hughes in Baltimore, who died in 1846. Mr. J. H. McC. has plowed up many Indian relics in the vicinity of an old Indian fort near his house. John S. Miller, born in 1844, in Augusta Co., Va., came with his parents to this county in 1848 ; in 1862 enlisted in the 46th 111. Inf. at Cuba, served in Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, was in five battles, and wounded in the hand by a piece of shell at the battle of Lsvenworth Junction, Ky. ; was wounded severely in the right hip at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., by a spent musket ball, from which he still suffers; was discharged in May, 1865; married Elizabeth J. Coffee, a native of Jackson Co., Ala., July 1, 1866; now has two children, — Mattie J., born in 1872, and Sylvie, born in 1875. Residence, sec. 5, Buckheart tp. Republican. Beverly G. Milner, deceased, was born and reared near Leesburgh, Highland Co., O. In 1856 he came to this county, then at the age of 22 years. His parents were John and Susan ( Kinzer) Milner, both natives of Virginia. Mr. M. through life followed farming. He was a hard student and devouted much time to the sciences, and to Greek, Latin, Theology, etc. He was married in Lewistown, this county, Feb. 4, 1856, to Elizabeth M., daughter of Wm. Denny. He left a family of 7 children, — Mary, John W., Sarah R., Dora E., David W., Ira Eugene and W. Delmer, all of whom are living at the homestead with Mrs. M. They lost 4 children, 3 in infancy and Beverly G., who died June 12, 1879, at the age of 14. Mr. M. first settled in Liverpool tp., but in 1872 bought a farm on sec. 12; 496 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Buckheart, where he resided with his family until his death which occurred Sunday August 3, 1879. He left his family in comfortable circumstances. Richard L. Moran, sen., was born in St, Mary's county, Md. of French ancestry; was in the war of 1812; married Ann Hayden a native of the same place, who died in Maryland. Mr, M. subse quently came to Independence, Putman tp., in this county, bringing with him 5 children, — Margaret, Wm. H. (who died" in 1877) Richard L., jun., Elizabeth aud Martha. Margaret is the wife of Maj. Herring; Elizabeth is the wife of Nelson Bagley, Dakota' Martha is the wife of Nicholas McCreary, at Civer, Putman tp., and Richard L.'s sketch is next given. Richard Lyon Moran, jun., son of preceding, was born in Mary land, married at Cuba, this county, in 1843, to Sybil Cummings. daughter of Israel W. Cummings and Susannah (Carrh) Cummings, Mr. C. was a native of Dunstable, Mass., and Mrs C. of Greenock, Scotland, both now deceased. Mr. Moran has had 9 children, namely, Oliver O, born March 26, 1845, and died May 26, 1863; Edmund P., born Dec. 5, 1 847 ; Albert, born Oct. 11, 1850, or '51, killed by lightning while sitting at a window Aug. 9, 1863; Emily J., born July 14, 1853; Ann, born June 9, 1855; Richard Lyon, born Aug. 9, 1857; Joseph H., born Jan. 1, 1862; Ella, born July 22, 1864; and Harry, Sept. 29, 1869. Mr. M. and wife settled on the place where they now reside, (N. W. i of sec. 19) in the fall of 1844, in the deep woods, and put on the place all the improvements which have been made ; their, pres ent commodious stone house was built in 1859; farm consists of 225 acres, underlaid by veins of coal. The family still have the old- fashioned wooden mortar in which they made hominy in early days, — better hominy than we have nowadays. Mr. M. is a Republican in politics. Oliver Cromwell Moran, the eldest son, enlisted in Co. G., 103d 111. Inf., in Aug., 1862, for 3 years; after about 9 months he was taken sick while on a forced march, and died in the hospital at La Grange, Tenn., May 26, 1863. Horatio Clark Nelson, is a native of Baltimore, Md. and was born March 2, 1819. He first came to this county in 1838; soon went to Lexington, Ky., and began the study of law with Madison C. Johnson, and graduated in the Law Department of the , University of Kentucky in 1843. He graduated from St. Mary's College,.Bal- timore, in 1838, taking the degrees of A. B. and A.M. Hewasad- mitted to the Bar in Kentucky, in 1843 ; married at Lexington in '44 to Eliza Jones, also a native of Baltimore, and moved to Buck- heart tp., locating on the southeast quarter of sec. 2. He has finely improved and added to it, and now devotes his attention to raising blooded stock. On coming to this State he was admitted to the Bar, but has never practiced here. His wife has borne him 7 chil dren, 4 of whom are living at home, 3 are married and living away HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 497 from home : The names of the children are Kate, Maud, Ernest, Horatio, Maria, Reginald and Eliza. Mr. N. has always been a Whig and Republican. He imbibed his political views from Hen ry Clay, being personally acquainted with him. In 1861 he enlisted in 7th 111. Cav., Co. K, which was raised principally through his exertion. He was elected Captain, and the Major being killed in battle he was.elected to fill the vacancy. Major N. was taken pris oner at Coffeeville. It was during the night and by mistake he rode in the midst of the enemy, but in less than 5 minutes a body of Union troops came riding up, when his captor's attention was drawn from him an instant and he dusted away. Wm. 0' 'Brian was born in the parish of Bally William, county of Tiperary, Ireland, April 9, 1837 ; parents were John and Ann (Ry an), the latter a daughter of James Ryan. The father died in Ire land, arid the mother, with 7 children, started for America in 1846 ; two of the children died on the voyage; they landed in Quebec, then settled in Burlington, Vt., where the old lady still lives. Wm. first came to Fulton Co. in 1855, settling at Table Grove, and fol lowed blacksmithing for 11 years. In 1864 he bought a farm of 80 acres on sec. 13, Buckheart tp. and since has added 160 acres. He was married to Margaret Campbell at Canton, March 10, 1857, by Rev. Father Pitman. She was a native of Ireland, and daughter of Patrick Campbell. They have had 5 children, 4 of whom are liv ing: Wm. John, born Aug. 24, 1859 ; Mary Ann, Feb. 13, 1861 ; Nancy Ellen, July 13, 1862; Catherine Jane, April 6, 1865 The deceased was also Wm. John, born Aug. 28, 1858, and died Aug. 31, 1859. John W. O'Briant, farmer, son of next mentioned, was born in 1848, married Didami, daughter of Spencer Mangram, now living near Table Grove, this Co. ; has one child, Cora Lee ; lives on part of the old homestead. Republican. Lemuel O'Briant, farmer, was born in Ross Co., O , July 4, 1812 ; his parents were Joseph and Sarah (Barker) O'B., natives of Fau quier Co., Va. ; they emigrated to the vicinity of Ft. Clark (now Peoria) in 1824, where the father died. Lemuel came and settled on S. W. £ of sec. 30, Buckheart tp., in 1834r where he built and ran a saw-mill for 10 years, in partnership with David Haacke; now owns and occupies the N. f of that section as farmer ; married Mary Ann Oviatt, a native of New York, in 1835, in Buckheart tp. ; her parents, Elisha and Abagail, were early settlers, and of Dutch and Scotch descent. (Elisha Oviatt's father was a cousin of Ethan Allen, and carried, with a team, the party who took Ft. Ticonderoga.) Mr. O'Briant has had 7 children,— Abagail, Lavina, Elisha, John W., Lucinda, Sarah E., and Eunice, — all living in this county, except Eunice, who died at the age of 5 years. Methodist. Republican. James Pritchard, steward of the county-farm, is a son of Jordan Pntchard, spoken of in sketch of Liverpool tp. He was married to Sarah Elizabeth Hagans in Lewistown tp. in 1854. She was 498 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. born in Arkansas in 1840, and is the daughter of Wm. L. Hagans who came to the county in 1852. They have had a family of 8 children :' Mary E., Wm. B., died in 1861, Robert J., Henry C. James R., Perry E., Willard S. and Guy I. Mary married Butler Fast and lives in Banner tp. James P. has been Assessor of Liver pool tp. and held other offices in that and Waterford townships. He is superintendent of the county-farm, and tells us that the in mates have averaged about 48 for the past decade, the time he has been its steward. These are about equally divided between the sexes. There are 8 who have been here for 15 years, and one old lady for 26 years. Nine of the present inmates are hopelessly in sane, 4 males and 5 females, and 29 are mostly feeble-minded. George Rilea, farmer, sec. 24. Mr. R. enlisted at Canton in August, 1861, in the 55th 111. Inf.; on arriving at Chicago was transferred to the 39th, known as "Yates' Phalanx." He served with this regiment in Co. C, through the late war and was in 17 battles and charges and numerous skirmishes. He was wounded at Petersburg, Pa. He was one of the assaulting party in the last and successful charge upon the enemy's works. They had overcome and taken the outer forts and Mr. R. was wounded in a charge on the inner fort by a musket ball in his right arm, the muzzle of the g\in not being over two feet from him when it was discharged at him. His arm was so shattered that it was found necessary to am putate it. He was mustered out June 17, 1865. Mr. R. was born in Brown Co., O., and is the son of James Rilea, who came to this county in 1841. George married Elizabeth Mclntyre Oct. 20, 1867, at Bryant. They have a family of 4 children: Henry Robert, Nancy Catharine and Malinda Ellen, twins, and Minnie Ann. Dr. James Rilea is a native of Clermont Co., O., where he was born Feb. 4, 1799. His father was William and his grandfather James Rilea. The latter was a native of Scotland, and came to the U. S. before the Revolution. James Rilea came to this county in 1841 and located on sec. 25, this tp. Dr. R., although not a regularly educated physician, in an early day paid considerable attention to the treatment of the sick around him, and being very successful in the cure, had an extensive practice among the settlers. He was well and favorably known. James Rilea was married Feb. 4, 1823, in Highland Co., O., to Catharine C. Ewing, daughter of Adam H. Ewing. She was a member of the M. E. Church for 50 years, but now belongs to the United Brethren Church. They have had 12 children, all born in Ohio except the youngest, who was born in this county. They are Joshua D., John E., Adam H., Wm. E., Thomas E., Henry S., Arminda, George, Nancy, Rebecca and Sarah E. The fourth son died in infancy. Four of the boys served in the late war. Onslow Gaines Roberts was born in Joshua tp., this county, Jeh. 8, 1839; his parents were John and Anna Roberts, of Kentucky, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 499 who came to this county in April, 1835, locating in Hickory town ship. He died Oct., 1839. His children were Martha, John J., Joseph T., James W., Elizabeth and Onslow Gaines, the last the only one living in this county. The latter married Anna F. Hum mel, daughter of Wm., at Bryant, Feb. 26, 1863, she having been born Feb. 3, 1843. They have 5 children : Charlie C, born Jan. 3, 1864; Wm. M., May 6, 1865; Emma L., Sept, 12, 1868; Dela- ¦no G., April 15, 1870; Frank B., April 14, 1872. Mr. R. is a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. Mrs. John Roberts married a second time, a Mr. Wilson, who has since died, and she is now living with her son Onslow G. John C. Rodenbaugh was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., in 1820, and came to this county in 1853. He located in Canton and worked at the trade of shoemaking in that place and Fairview for 8 years, since which time he has been engaged in farming. He married Letty N. Apgar in New Jersey, who bore him 2 children, — Mary Ann and Sarah Elizabeth. The former married Forbes Wood, and the latter Henry R. Suydam, who died in the army during the Re bellion. He was a member of Co. D, 103d Inf., and died at St. Louis, Dec. 31, 1863, while on his way home. Calvin W., one of his sons, lives with his grandfather Rodenbaugh, and the other, Henry F., clerks in R. W. Dewey's store, Canton. Sarah Elizabeth is now the wife of Nathan Messier, of Canton. Both Mr. and Mrs. R. are members ¦ of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. R. takes great interest in Sunday-school work. Henry C. Shryock, farmer, sec. 22, is the son of Milton Shryock. He was united in marriage at Bushnell, 111., with Miss Mary E. Wafer, Dec. 29, 1875. She is a native of Marietta, Fulton Co., and a daughter of John J. and Sarah (Ward) Wafer ; the former a native of Canada and the latter of Illinois. They have only one child, Cora, born April 29, 1877. Politically, Mr. S. is a Republi can. James P. Shryock, son of Milton Shryock, one of the leading farmers of this county. He was married to Sarah W. Weller, Jan. 2, 1862, in Canton tp. She is a daughter of Wm. and Elizabeth (Long) Weller, both natives of Warren Co., N. J. They came to this county in Jan., 1854. Mrs. S. was born in that State, Oct. 18, 1841. They have a family of 3 children : Ida May, born Dec. 9, 1864; Wm. M., May 16, 1866, and Fidessia, Oct. 17, 1874. Mr. S. has been Supervisor, and has been School Director for 9 years. The Shryock Chapel was built at an expense of about $2,300. Mr. Milton Shryock contributed to this $1,700, and the rest, (except about $100), was made up by the Shryock family. John C. Shryock. Of the numerous family of Shryocks living in this township is our subject, John C. Shryock. He is a son of Milton Shryock. He has resided on sec. 22 since 1875, where be ( has since erected a fine two-story frame house, large barn, etc. He was married to Emily Jane Hackett, a native of this county, and a 500 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. daughter of Clayton S. Hackett, a native of Delaware. His wiife was Margaret Mercer, now deceased. The wedding occurred at Milton Shryock's residence, March 16,1873. Charles, born June 20, 1877, is their only child. Both Mr. and Mrs. S. are members of the M. E. Church. Milton Shryock, Postmaster and merchant, St. David, was born near Lexington, Ky., May 17, 1812. His father, Christian Shryock served in the war of 1812 and died while in the service. Christian ' Shryock's father was Frederick Shryock, native of Maryland near Frederickstown, which it is supposed received its name from him. His mother's maiden name was Rebecca Graham. Milton came to this county in 1833 ; was married to Rebecca Carver, March 27 1834. She was a daugliter of P. M. Carver and was born Feb. 6, 1815. Mr. S. carried on blacksmithing in Canton for 2 years, and in 1836 moved to sec. 21, Buckheart tp^ There was a small log cabin on this 200 acres and 2 or 3 acres cleared, the rest heavy tim ber. Of this, 170 acres is now cleared and finely improved. He has given his boys 480 acres, adjoining the homestead that now con sists of 440 acres of land, and to his girls 240 acres. Milton Shryock and wife have had a family of 8 children, 6 of whom are living: Wm. W. was born Jan. 18, 1835; James P., Aug. 18, 1838; Sarah G, Nov. 29, 1840; John G, Jan. 26, '44; Mary Jane, April 15, '48 ; Henrv Clay, Dec. 1, 1850. Those not living are Samuel Allen, born Oct. 26, '46, died March 15, '47; Frances Eldora, Dec. 12, '54, died Sept. 20, '72. James P. married Sarah Weller; John C. married Emma Hackett; Henry C. married Mary E. Wafer; Sarah married Samuel C. Wasson and resides on sec. 12, this tp. ; Mary married Geo. T. Baylor and lives at Cuba ; Wm. W. married Margaret Slack and lives in Jackson Co., Mo. Johnson Smith was born in Clermont Co., O., in 1811. His parents were Wm. and Lucretia (Johnson) Smith, born in Mon mouth Co., N. J. They are of English and Irish descent. Both grandparents, Benjamin Smith and William Johnson were sol diers under Washington. Mr. S. married Rebecca Washburn, a native of Ohio and daughter of John and Eleanor (Wood) Washburn. They brought 2 children to this county with them: John M. and Hannah. Those born here are Samantha, Aurelia, William, Joseph and Adelaide, all of whom are living. Mr. 8. came from Ohio with a 4-horse wagon and was 13 days on the trip. He bought a farm on the southwest quarter of sec. 32, Buckheart township, and first lived in a log cabin. This quarter of land was covered with timber when he settled upon it but is now under cul tivation. Mr. and Mrs. S. are both members of the M. E. Church. The former has been a member for 50 years. John H. Snider, farmer, was born near Elizabethtown, Carter Co., East Tenn., July 12, 1837. His parents were Isaac and Matilda (Wilson) Snider, who came and settled on sec. 35, this township, in 1860, where they resided 4 years. They now live at Gardiner, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 501 Grundy Co., 111. John H. married Jemima Bauman, daughter of Peter B., Aug. 23, 1860, and they have now 8 children, all living at home, namely, Mary E., born May 9, 1861 ; John Willard, Jan. 5 1863; Leonard R., Dec. 18, 1864; Minerva, Jan. 7, 1866; Jesse C., Jan. 20, 1870 ; Charley, July 10, 1872 ; Cora Lee, Feb. 10, 1875 ; and Orie Dero, April 23, 1877. They live at the old homestead (sec. 35), where all the improvements were made by John H. He is a Methodist and a Republican. Solomon B. Snider, farmer, was born in Carter Co., East Tenn., in 1812; settled on sec. 31, this township, in 1853; has- lived on his present farm (S. E. J sec 33) for 22 years ; was Justice of the Peace in Peoria one term ; Republican in politics. His parents were William Snider and Elizabeth (Bealor) Snider, both of German parentage. Mr.S. married Deborah Wilcoxen, daughter of Samuel W., in Carter Co., E. Tenn., in 1833, near Roan Monntain. Brought to this county 3 children, — Martha Ellen, Mary Elizabeth and Eliza Caroline. The first married John C. Lawrence, the second H. A. Whitnah and the third James O'Brien, and died April, 1875. Mrs. Snider died May 10, 1872. Matthew Tatum, deceased, born Feb. 18, 1789, in Rowan Co., N. C, and died Sept. 19, 1868, in this township. He emigrated first to Indiana, in 1825 to Fulton Co. ; spent two or three years at the Galena lead mines; married Mrs. Lydia Eggers, a native of Laurens Co., S. C, Aug. 1, 1830, in Canton township, this county ; Mrs T. died Oct. 2, 1872 ; her maiden name was Dollor, and she was born in 1805; her father, Wm. D., was a native of Wales, and her mother Ruth (Beasley) D., of Virginia. Mr. D, served under Washington in the Revolution for 7 years ; he died in this town ship Sept. 6, 1838. The children of Mr. and Mrs, Tatum are : Geo. W. born March 25, 1832, died in 1864; John G., born Dec. 13, 1837; Amy, born March 29, 1841 ; and Sarah Jane, Oct. 13, 1847, — the last three living in this county. J. G. owns and occupies the old homestead on N. E. J of sec. 7. Both parents were regular Baptist, and the father was a Democrat. William P. Turner. The Turners are of English origin, but as far back as we are able to trace them in America it is in New Market,_ Frederick Co., Md., to about the year 1679. There we find William Turner, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. His grandfather was Wm. P. Turner, who moved to North Carolina aud married Action Howard. Here their son, Starling Turner, was born, who was the father of Wm. P. He moved to Kentucky and married Sophia Carver in Feb., 1801. They came to Illinois with a family of 11 children in 1831, and the fol lowing year located on sec. 13, Buckheart tp. Their children were Matilda, Abigail and Jesse, both deceased, Lydia, Wm. P., Sarah, James, Starliug, jr., Jemima, Mary, Margaret, Benjamin and Sophia. Matilda married Wm. Malsby ; Lydia, Reuben Peter, and Sarah Rev. John Tarleton Fleming. " Wm. P. married Eliza Ann 502 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. McPheeters, andjesides on sec. 12, this township. James married Sarah A. Carver. Jemima married Ezekiel Rockhold, who died, and then married Mr. Pickering. Mary married Roily Rogers and died in Banner tp. Margaret married Rev. Moses Jared, both de ceased. Benjamin died at the age of 18. Sophia married John Pickering. Cornelius Washburn lived in Ohio during the early Indian wars, and when Kentucky was in reality the " dark and bloody ground." He was an original Indian fighter and acted the part of a scout, While carrying words of warning to a fort near Pittsburg and being alone, was attacked by the Indians just after swimming a river. His horse was killed, yet he made his escape. The Indians having committed so many depredations, be, with 5 others, followed them and had a battle near Williamsburg, O., in which they defeated the Indians, at the loss of one man and one wounded. Ten years after wards he returned to this battle-field and found a gun left by one of the party. It was leaning against a tree in the same position it had been left. Mr. W. was a genuine trapper and hunter, devoting his entire time to those pursuits. About 40 years ago he engaged with a fur company to go beyond the Rocky Mountains, since which time he has never been heard from, and it is supposed that he has been killed by the Indians. Dudley 0. Wedge, physician, was born in Belpre tp., Washing ton Co., O., Jan. 1, 1845; his parents were O. P. and Eliza A. (Null) Wedge, natives of the same county, who emigrated to Henry Co., 111., in 1854, where they now reside. The doctor was educated at the Galva (111.) high school, commenced medical studies with Dr. Geo. H. Scott at Kewanee, 111., and graduated at the Jef ferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1874, as a "regular" physician; located at Bryant in 1867, where he is still practicing medicine. He married Florence L. Herriot, of Bryant, and Charles A., Ethelyn H. and Maury E. are their children. John H. Weller, son of Wm. Weller, is a carpenter by trade, but is engaged in farming. He was married to Martha J. Clark, Sept. 20, 1857, who has borne him 4 children, — William Cary, born Sept. 10, 1858; Elmer, April 15, 1861; Lilly, Oct. 25, 1863, and Elk, July 9, 1866. William Weller, deceased, was born in Warren Co., N.' J., in 1810. His father was also named William. Mr. W. came to this county in 1854, and located on a farm in Canton tp. He died Sept. 16, 1863. His wife, Elizabeth Long, was born March 8, 1811. They were married July 14, 1832. Mrs. W. died May 19, 1879. Thev had a family of 9 children : J. K., born July 6, '33; Mary M., Feb. 19, '35; Caroline, May 29, '39 ; Sarah, Oct. 18, '41; Char lotte A., March 16, '43 ; Johile, Aug. 4, '45 ; Hiram L., May 7/47; Wm. H., June 5, '49 ; Emeline, June 13, '52, and Lewis A. R, April 7, '56, — all of whom are living except Caroline, who died Feb. 12, 1871. She was the wife of Samuel Shriner who was kill ed by accident in 1872. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 503 Theodore 0. Whitenack was born in Canton, 111., in 1855. His parents were Peter and Sarah S. (Elwood) Whitenack, both natives of New York. The subject of this sketch married Lavina, young est daughter of William and Nancy M. Hummel, at Bryant, April 2,1876; have one child, Grace, who was born March 21, 1878. Mr.W. was elected Police Magistrate in April, 1879, and is a Repub lican. He is also engaged in the store of J. H. Kelly. Joseph C. Whitnah, farmer, son of A. J. Whitnah, of Canton, was born Feb. 16, 1845, at the old homestead in Buckheart tp. (sees. 32 and 33) ; married Sarah A. Jones, daughter of Spakeman Jones, Jan. 20, 1866, in Lewistown tp. They have 5 children : Freddie and Dollie, born February 25, 1867 ; Cordie T., April 9, 1871 ; Harry, October 20, 1874; and Fenton, August 15, 1876. In politics Mr. W. is a Democrat. ' Hiram A. Whitnah, farmer, son of A. J. Whitnah, was born in Buckheart tp. in 1838, married Mary E. Snyder in 1859, the same year he purchased the S. W. i of sec. 34, this tp. He has cleared up 130 acres, fenced it, put it in good condition, erected good build ings, etc.; dwelling lj stories, 16 by 34 ft., with L 24 by 16, and porch, good ce'llar, etc. They have 2 children, — Chester Leon and Pearl Arzen'a. Mrs. W. is a member of the Christian Church, and Mr. W. is Democratic in politics, though he has never run for any office. Samuel Wilcoxen, farmer, son of next mentioned, was born Octo ber 12, 1813, in Ash or Wilks Co.,'N. C, and January 6, 1841, married Lucinda Carver, a native of Estili Co., Ky., in Buckheart tp. Their children are: Ellen, born December 31, 1842, married Elijah Johnson and lives just south of Canton; Anna, born Feb ruary 2, 1851, married Frank Boner, lived on sec. 11, Buckheart tp., and died May 8, 1879, leaving two children, Fred and Charles; and George, born August 15, 1853. Mr. W. has 992 acres in all. His fine residence was built in 1860. He has used very little liquor, tobacco not at all, and is a Republican. Squire Wilcoxen, deceased, married Sarah Tatum in North Caro lina, moved to Estill county, Ky., about'1815, and in 1828 to the old Nathaniel Vittum place near Canton ; lived 7 years on sec. 2, Liverpool tp., and then made their permanent home on sec. 5, Buck- heart tp. The ^-section last occupied was entered for him by his son Samuel, who had to go to Missouri to get good money, "wild cat" money prevailing here. Squire W. was a volunteer in the war of 1812, Captain of militia in North Carolina, was a Jackson Dem ocrat, and an old-fashioned Baptist preacher. Was a cousin to Daniel Boone. He died in 1837, and his widow in 1865, at the age of 83. Their children were 9 in number, — Elizabeth, Martha, Sarah, Anna, Jordan, Amy, Samuel, James and Ellen. John B Wilson, farmer, sec. 2, is a native of Cumberland Co., Pa., where he was born in 1828. His parents were John and Margaret (McLain) Wilson, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of the 31 504 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Keystone State. His father came to Illinois in about 1834 or '35, and died before John B. came. He came to Scott Co., 111., in 1841 and to this county in '42, and located near EUisviUe, where he was married Oct. 3, 1844, to Adeline Athearn, a daughter of one of the old settlers of Deerfield tp. Mr, W. was engaged in cooperage and farming until 1846, when he moved to his present location one mile south of Canton, where he has a fine farm. He has been a member of the Baptist Church at Canton for 25 years, and Deacon for 24 years. His wife has borne him 9 children, 8 of whom are living: Mary E. married James Tallman and lives in Ohio ; Wm. H. lives in Canton tp. Miranda E. and Benjamin live in Kokomo, Ind.; Sarah J., Addie G., Elmer T. and John M. live with their parents; Frank was killed by accident at the age of 14. Esther Mary Wil son, a sister of J. B., came to this county in 1835 and married Orrin Turner and died Feb. 9, 1846, leaving 2 children, Mary and John, both of whom were raised by Mr. W. Forbes B. Wood, son of the late Thomas Wood, lives on sec. 12, and is engaged in agriculture. He married Mary Ann Rodenbaugh, a native of New Jersey, in 1869. They have a family of 3 children, — Bertha L., Ida B., and Otis R. Mr. W. has one of the finest im proved farms in the county. Thomas Wood was born in Harrison Co., Va., Dec. 18, 1805. He married Rachel Flowers, of the same county, Aug. 21, 1825. She was a daughter of Geo. Flowers, and he a son of Lambert Flowers, who came from Ireland at the age of 12 years. Thomas Wood's father was Benjamin, a son of John Wood, who came from England. Thomas Wood and wife came to this county in the spring before the big snow (1830) . They came with a family of 2 children, Lavina and Angelina : the others were born here, — Aurelia, George S., Forbes, Rohanna, Laura V., Casper, Ellison G. and Carroll D.' Benjamin enlisted in Co. E, 103d Inf., and after serving in the army for about a year died near Vicksburg, July 9, 1863. Thomas Wood died in Feb., 1870. Mrs. W. lives at the old homestead, sec. 11. Thomas Wood's family was about the only one that was not routed at the Westerfield's defeat, spoken of elsewhere in this volume. A day or two after that event^a number of persons were seen approaching the house. They were supposed to be Indians and caused consterna tion among the family. The women and children were hurriedly sent to the upper part of the cabin, while the men remained below. They knocked a part of a log out of a corner of the house, to shoot through at the approaching enemy. Mr. Wood, Mr. Flowers, his wife's father and two other men went out to meet them as they came up. The supposed Indians proved to be several families of settlers who were stampeded by the great fright of the supposed Indian slaughter going on north of Canton. They were on their way to Canton. Mr. Wood and family went with them to Canton, where they remained two hours and returned home. . Thomas Woodcock was bora near Belviar Castle, Town of HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 505 Strathorn, Leicestershire, Eng., Jan 4, 1822. His parents were Thomas and Elizabeth (Hornbuckle) Woodcock, of the same place. Our subject first came to the United States in 1845 and located in Ross Co., O., and came to this county in 1849, locating in Canton. He was married to Elizabeth Oglesby, who was born in England in 1834, and is a daughter of Wm. and Elizabeth (Green) Oglesby. They were married Aug. 19, 1860, at D. W. Vittum's, in Canton. They have 7 children, — Thomas, born Dec. 13. '61 ; Edward, Oct. 3, '63 ; Emma Jane, Oct. 1, '65; Isaac, March 31, '67; Sarah Ann, April 15, '69 ; Richard, Aug. 28, 71, and Charles, born Oct. 8, '75. In 1860 Mr. W. began farming on sec. 3, Buckheart, and in 1 865 bought a farm on sec. 26, where he now lives. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. 'Below may be found a schedule of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. A. G. Downing 1850 Horatio C. Nelson 1851 JohnH. Kelly 1852-53 H.C.Nelson 1854 JohnH. Kelly 1855-56 Milton Shryock 1857 John H.Kelly 1858 Jeffry A- Maynard 1859 John Kelly 1860 Cyrus Babcock 1861-63 Horatio C.Nelson 1864 Milton Shryock 1865 Howard Martin 1866 Michael C. Stoner 1867 A. B. Hulet 1868-69 T. J. Kelly 1870 Edward Maynard 1871 D. O. Wedge 1872 Edward A. Maynard 1873 Wm. G. Kirkpatrick 1874 D. O. Wedge 1875 A. B. Hulet 1876-77 Matthias W. Baker 1878 Thomas J. Kelly 1879 TOWN CLERKS. Jeffrey A. Maynard 1850-54 Chauncey Webster 1855-64 Sam. A. Kelly 1865-67 Sam. C. Hasson 1868 Edward Maynard 1869-70 Wm. D. Nelson 1871 John G. Tatum 1872 John A- Newton 1873 Eugene Sniith 1874 P. M. Fouts 1875-76 J. H. Kirkpatrick 1877-79 ASSESSORS. Howard Martin 1859-73 S. A. Cunningham 1874-75 Wm. Herriot 1876 Howard Martin 1877 Joseph Baker 1878 George N. Shelenberger 1879 COLLECTORS. Philip Slaughter 1859-60 John Fisher 1861 David G- Fisher 1862 Chauncey Webster 1863 George J. Luckey 1864 George T. Balyor 1865 Howard B. Spenny 1866 Alfred Putman 1867 George Riley 1868 Henry Walker 1869 Jacob Fouts '. 1870 F. M. Kimberlin 1871 Jonas N Weaver 1871 Nathan T. Eeeves 1872 Henry E. McCulloch 1873 George Luckey 1874 J. P. Lisenby 1875 Berlin Johnson 1876 Abram Johnson 1877 John W.Carey 1878 Levi Carper.'. 1879 BERNADOTTE TOWNSHIP. This township is bounded upon the north by Cass, upon the east by Lewistown, south by Pleasant and upon the west by Farmer's. It is a timbered township and contains a greater number of miles of Spoon river than any other township in the county. There is, however, much good land in the township and many fine farms. William Walters came into the township about J. 826, being its first settler. In a short time he sold out to Isaac Stewart and moved over into Farmer's township, where he passed the remainder ofhis days. Soon came in Daniel Walters, who settled upon section 15. Then came Solomon Sherwood, who built the first mill in the town ship. This was a horse-mill and did grinding for the settlers for many miles around, until Joseph Coleman built his water-mill on Spoon river, at the site of the present town of Bernadotte. John Camron built a grist and saw-mill upon the same river in 1831. These improvements brought settlers from adjoining counties, and many are the incidents connected with their trips to these mills, re lated by the pioneers. They would come for many miles, and often upon their arrival would find many ahead of them, and they would have to wait sometimes for days before their turn came. Sometimes they would find the mill out of repair, the dam washed away or something to detain them. They would then go to work arid help rebuild the dam or do whatever the miller would direct. Men have told us that they have gone to the Bernadotte mill with a load of grist and have worked at hard labor for almost a week before they could get their grain ground. They would work late and early as though they were regularly employed and paid hands. Thus was this point on Spoon river visited by many people, until Mr. Coleman's enterprise suggested to him the feasibility of laying off a town. Accordingly in 1835, upon section 19, he platted a town and called it by the name of Fulton. The name was soon changed to Bernadotte. It grew rapidly and atone time ranked among the leading towns of the county. It failed to secure a rail road, and when one was constructed within a few miles of it the in evitable result quickly followed, and Bernadotte surrendered her property to other places. There are now several stores here that do a fair business, a good mill, etc. Other settlers who came during an early day were Charles Howard, William Crosby, John Harris, who afterwards moved to Harris township, John Littlejohn, Wil liam Wilson; Anderson Beadles, Mr, Toler and others. The first HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 507 school-house was erected in 1828 and John Clayburg was the first teacher. As early as 1827 the Methodists organized a Church. We find personal sketches of those who have made the history of the town and township and are to-day thus engaged, to be quite interesting and fully as good history as we can give. We will there fore speak briefly of some of the old settlers and prominent persons of the township : John J. Baldwin, farmer, sec. 33, P. O., Ipava ; the son of Jackson and Margaret (Hawkins) Baldwin, was born in Tazewell Co., 111., Oct. 28, 1848 ; moved to this county in 1876 ; married Feb. 12, 1877, Mary J. Duncan, of Fulton Co. This union has been blessed with one child, Gertrude. Mr. Baldwin is one of the leading farmers of the township, having 160 acres of land. I. C. Barkley is engaged in agricultural pursuits upon sec. 3 of this township. John W, Barnes, farmer, sec. 28 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Adams Co., O., Jan. 16, 1828 ; is the son of Luther Barnes, who was born in Va., where he married Nancy Wear. Both of the latter are dead. John W. came to this Co. with his parents in 1835, in a three- horse Penn. wagon, was educated at Lewistown, and has held the offices of Supervisor and Assessor. Was married to Elvira Zole- man, March 24, 1866, which union was blessed with two children, — Lida B. and John R. Mrs. B. died, and Mr. B. in Sept., 1878, mar ried Miss Alice Mercer, of Ohio, both of whom are now members of the M. E. Church. Owns 300 acres of land. Democrat. William Beckett, farmer, sec. 11, Bernadotte township; P. O., Lewistown ; the son of Wm. and Delilah (May) Beckett, was born in Lewis Co., Ky., March 12, 1837; father dead; mother still living in Ky. ; Wm. came to this county in 1860 and has made this township his home for the past six years. Was married to Miss Sarah E. Kent Jan 15, 1862. They have seven children, all of whom are living, — Mary, Marzetta, Jedediah, William, Ella, Minta and Cora. Parents are members of the U. B. Church. Demo crat. John Cannon, farmer, sec. 4 ; P. O., Smithfield ; one of the old pioneers of this county, was born in Sangamon Co. March 31, 1824, and with his parents came to Fulton county when only six weeks old, which place he has ever siirce made his home. July 4, 1846, he joined the 4th 111. Vols., Co. K, and was engaged in the battles of Vera Cruz, Cerro Gordo, and most of the other important battles of the Mexican war, being wounded at the last named place. He well remembers Gen. Stonewall Jackson and Jeff. Davis. He helped fire the first gun at Vera Cruz. Was mustered out at New Orleans June, 1847. Married Miss Jane Sherwood Dec. 15, 1847; three of the five children born to .this union are now living, viz: Telitha, Amanda and Charles. Has been Constable and is now Justice of the Peace. Has fought his way to a good farm and com fortable home. When a boy he knew no other playmates than the 508 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Indians, with whom he roamed over the fields that are now covered with grain. Democrat. William B. Cannon, sec. 14; Bernadotte tp. ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Cass tp., March 12, 1834; removed to Colorado in 1858; in 1864 he came back, but returned to Colorado and after one year's stay found his way to Fulton county. Has held office of School Trustee in this township. Was married at Bernadotte Aug. 12, 1863, to Miss Lucretia Steward. This union has been blessed with two children (twins), Edwin and Oscar. Mrs. C. is a member of the M. E. Church. But few men of the township have seen as much of the world as Mr. C, and but few of his age can be found here that were born in this county. Democrat. Joshua Crater, farmer, sec. 17; P. O., Bernadotte ; the son of Philip and Elizabeth Crater (both of whom died in this county), was born in Chester county, Penn., May 6, 1818, from which place he removed to Mason Co., 111.; from there to this county in 1851; was educated in Penn. and married Catherine Knerr, of that State in 1840; nine children have been born to this union, eight of whom are living. Mr. C. and wife are members of the Lutheran Church. He is a blacksmith by trade, but of late has turned his attention •very successfully to farming. Republican. ' Joseph De Ford, farmer, sec. 14; P. O., Lewistown; was born in Ohio July 19, 1827 ; his father (Thomas) was a native of Maryland; came with his parents to this county in 1838. His father still lives in Bushnell. Has held the office of Road Commissioner in this township. Was married to Miss Eliza Rouse April 9, 1849. This union has been blessed with three children, all of whom are living; their names are Milton J., Louisa A. and Anna L. Mr. De Ford and lady are members of the M. E. Church. Democrat. George W. Dick, son of Jacob Dick, of Bernadotte township, was born June 22, 1859, in this Co. Our subject is preparing to enter the profession of teaching ; with his intellect and aptness, we pre dict for him a brilliant future. His parents are natives of Ohio, who came to this county about the year 1850, and belong to the best society of the community in which they live. Mr. Jacob Dick has been a local preacher in the M. E. Church for about 20 years. P. O., Smithfield. Henry Donehon, deceased, was born near Londonderry, Ireland, in 1812, son of Moses and Susan D., also natives of Ireland ; learned the tailor's trade; landed in Philadelphia June 12, 1830; married Ann E. Atkinson in 1842, in Philadelphia; had 8 children, 7 of whom are living, Anna A. having died Jan., 1848. Presbyterian. Republican. Mr. D. died in this county at the age of 71 years, leaving to his family an estate of 225 acres of land, on sec. 30, this tp., where the widow and four children make their home. This family deserve special notice for their industrious habits by which they have made for themselves a comfortable home. P. O., Berna dotte. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 509 Louis Dorsey, farmer, sec. 31 ; P. O., Ipava; was born June 18th, 1799 in Baltimore, Md., was the son of Nicholas Dorsey ; removed to Brooke Co., W. Va., in 1829 ; in 1854 he came to this tp., where he still resides ; was married in Washington Co., Penn., to Abbar- illa Lindsey in 1834, who was born in Baltimore, Jan. 18, 1813. Seven children were the fruits of this marriage, the youngest of whom, Emma V., lives with her parents at the old homestead. Mr. D. has been a member of the M. E. Church and is a Democrat. Frank M. Dyckes, farmer, sec. 29 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Lewistown, March 27, 1848, the son of Joseph and Lucinda Dyckes, who still reside in Lewistown. Mr. D., who has resided in Fulton county all his life, wrs educated at Lewistown and the Wesleyan University at Bloomington, 111. After leaving college he became Deputy Circuit Clerk of this county, which office he filled with honor for six, years, at the expiration of which he turned his attention to farming, on the fine farm of 480 acres owned by him self and his brother William, of Lewistown, one of the best of the county. Democrat. Albert N. Dobbins, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Ipava ; is the son of John C. and Harriette Dobbins, who came to this county over 40 years ago. The subject of this sketch was born in Vermont, Nov. 22, 1846, where he remained till 1875, when he removed to this tp. ; was married in Ipava in 1871, to Julia Pickering, who was born in Ohio in 1847. This union has been blessed with 2 children, John and Sherman, both of whom are living. Mr. Dobbins is one of the first farmers and stock dealers in this county, owning a fine farm of 324 acres of rich prairie land. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Republican. Ira F. Elrod, farmer, sec. 28 ; P. O., Ipava ; the son of Michael Elrod, of Kentucky, and Ruth (Evans), both of whom died in Kentucky, was born Feb. 22, 1820; went to Adams Co., Ohio, in 1831, where he remained till July 4, 1337, when he removed to this county, where he has remained ever since ; was educated in Ohio and Kentucky ; has held the office of Supervisor for five terms consecutively ; was married to Elizabeth Vail, of Butler Co., Ohio, in Bernadotte tp. Mr. E. has raised several children for others, by which he has justly gained a reputation for philanthropy. His grandfather was the first white child born west of the Alleghany Mountains. He is a pioneer, and by toil and patience he has con verted 320 acres of wild land into a beautiful farm. There are now hut two voters in his township who were voters when Mr. E. first located here. He«is a Democrat. John Green was born in Fulton county, 111., Aug. 27, 1840; was the son of Jacob and Mary ( Chicken ) Green ; was educated in this county, 'and married Paulina Anderson, March 5, 1865; has three children,— Rachel, Mary and Robert. Resides sec. 7. Republi can. P. O., Bernadotte. George B. M. Hamm, sec. 20 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in York 510 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Co., Penn., Sept. 1, 1864. His parents, John and Susan Hamm, reside in this township. Our subject is now a student at the Berna dotte school, and a young man of firm character, and is very suc cessfully educating himself. Is Democratic in his views. Adrian E. Lane, farmer, sec. 21; P. O. Bernadotte; is among the first farmers of the township, owning a splendid farm of 360 acres of fine land, and is among the few men of his age born in this county. He was born in Woodland township Nov. 28, 1833 ; mar ried Harriette Freeman Nov. 13, 1862, after whose death Mr. Lane married Morville C. -Walters, who was born in this county in 1832. Rather Democratic. -Mrs. Lane is a member of the Christian Church. Luther T. Leslie, fruit-grower, sec. 30; P. O., Ipava; born Dec. 14, 1814, in Lucerne, Pa. His father, Thomas, was a native of Massachusetts; his mother, Rhoda (Haspings)fL., was born in E. I. Mr. L. with bis parents moved to Ohio in 1820, from there to Indiana in 1834, from which place they came to this county in 1837 and settled at the present site of Seville ; remaining there two years they removed to this township, where Mr. Leslie has ever since re sided. He was married to Mrs. Dorcas Van Doran at Seville Mills in 1837. Mrs. Leslie came to this country two years previous to her husband (1835). Six children were born of this union, 3 of whom yet live, — Thos. H., Henry G. and Marion. Wife is a mem ber of the M. E. Church. She taught the first public school in this township, and drew the first public school money from the treasury. She well remembers arriving at Lewistown in an ox cart. Thomas H. Leslie, nurseryman and fruit-grower, sec. 19; P. 0., Ipava; son of Luther Leslie, was born in this county Dec. 7, 1838; has lived here all his life. He enlisted in Co. G, 50th 111. Inf., Sept., 1861, fought at Ft. Donelson, Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, etc., in Sherman's march to the sea, and was appointed an office in the regular army. Married Jennie N. Landis, of Virginia, and they have had 7 children, 6 of whom are living. Mrs. L. belongs to the M. E. Church. Mr. L. has 200 acres devoted to his business; has a larger variety of fruit than any other orchard in the State. Republican. John Littlejohn, farmer, sec. 13, Bernadotte tp. ; P. O., Lewis- town ; is one of the pioneers who has by perseverance and indus try risen from the state of penury to that of independence and use fulness. He was born in Berkley Co., Va., April 10, 1822; wasthe son of Abram and Sarah (Shafer). With his parents he, in the fall of 1822, moved to Clark Co., Ohio ; in 1838 they came to this county, where his father died and mother still lives. Was married to Miss Margaret Barkley Nov. 19, 1847. This union has been blessed with 10 children, 8 of whom are living. Mrs. L. came to this county in 1826, and well remembers when the Indians were plentiful here. Mr. L. owns 400 acres of land, which be success fully cultivates. Baptists. Democrat. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 511 /. C. Moorhead, farmer, sec. 15, Bernadotte township; P. O., Lewistown; was born in Indiana Co., Penn., Sept. 3, 1840. In 1844 he moved to Ohio, and from there to Mo., from which place he came to Illinois in 1860, and settled in this county in 1863; joined the 99th 111. Vol., Co. A, Aug., 1862 ; discharged at Rolla, Mo. Has served as Collector for this township two terms ; also is Assessor for his second term. Was married Dec. 8, 1864, at Lewistown, to Miss Manola L. Randall ; three of the four children born to the parents are living, viz : Mary Li, James C. and Willie C. His wife is a member of the M. E. Church. He is a tinner by trade, which. oc cupation he followed at Lewistown until the past six years, which time he has followed farming in this township. Democrat. Omar Moorhouse, farmer and teacher, sec. 12 ; P. O., Lewistown ; the son of Eli Moorhouse, was born in this county, Jan. 15, 1853. His parents were from England, both of whom are living. Received his education in this county, with which he has followed very suc cessfully the vocation of teaching for several years. Married June 11, 1874, Miss' Carrie E. Munson, who is a native of Wisconsin. Lulu A., Clarence E. and Charlie comprise the happy family of these parents. Mrs. M. is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. M. owns 160 acres of fine land. Democrat. Samuel Morrison, farmer, sec. 30 : P. O., Bernadotte ; was born in Penn., Jan 10, 1826. His father, William Morrison, was mar ried to Barbara Stickle and resided in Penn. The subject of our sketch left Penn. in 1845 and came over- land in an old Pennsylva nia wagon to McDonough Co. ; remaining there a short time, he moved to this county was married to Mary Long in 1849, by whom he had 2 children, both of whom are dead. To add to the afflictions of Mr. M. his wife soon followed his children to the grave. In 1856 he was married the second time to Mary A. Mathes, which union has been blessed with seven children, six of whom are living. He and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. Owns 215 acres of land. Republican. Thomas K. Parkinson, farmer, sec. 33 ; P. O., Ipava ; is the son of Thomas Parkinson, sr., of England ; was born in Jefferson Co., Ohio, Aug. 27, 1842, and moved to this county in 1853 ; was edu cated in Ohio and Illinois ; enlisted in Co. G, 50th 111. Vol., Oct. 2, 1862 ; was at the siege of Vicksburg, and with Sherman during his grand march; mustered out in Jan., 1865; was married to Miss Amanda Larapton April 26, 1866. Both Mr. and Mrs. P. are mem bers of the M. E. Church. Democrat. Jeremiah Paul, farmer, sec. 24, Bernadotte township ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Adams Co., Ohio, March 18, 1829. Left Ohio March 6, 1845, and came to this county, where he has lived ever since. Joined the 2d 111. Vol. Cav. July 23d, 1861; was engaged in the battles of Hachee, Miss., and Holly Springs, at which place he was taken prisoner, but paroled on the ground and sent to Benton Barracks Dec. 22, '62, and there discharged. Was married to Anna 512 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. E. Scovil Jan. 1, 1851, after whose death he married Mrs. Emma J. Griffith April 1860, by which union four children have been born, all of whom are living,— Charles H., Sidney R., Eva C. and Lewis. Both Mr. and Mrs. Paul are members of the M. E. Church. Greenbacker. Henry Polhemus, farmer, sec. 30 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Fair- view, Fulton Co., 111., in 1849. His father, Garrett V., who mar ried Jane Brokaw, of New Jersey, came to this county among the early pioneers. The subject of this sketch was raised at Fairview, from which place he removed to this tp, in 1876 ; was married to Miss Kate Stines June 29, 1875. Mrs. P. is a native of New Jersey, born in 1855. This union has been blessed with two chil dren, Muferd and Georgianna. Generally Republican. Jesse R. Shipton, farmer, sec. 18; P. O., Bernadotte; was born in Pennsylvania Nov. 11, 1828; removed to Indiana, where he re mained till 1856, then removing to Bernadotte tp., this county; married Elizabeth Rothrock Nov. 3, 1856. Mr. S. has held the offices of Assessor, Town Clerk and Justice of the Peace ; the latter office he still occupies. Although not among the old pioneers of this county, his official record shows that he is one of the promi nent men of his township, one that has been tried and not found wanting in honesty, integrity and ability. Democrat. Joseph Smith, M. D., sec. 35, Bernadotte tp. ; P. O., Duncan's ' Mills ; was born in Harrison Co., Ohio, Nov. 3, 1831 ; in 1851 he set tled in McDonough Co., and removed to this county where he has since resided; was educated at Cincinnati and Barnesville, Ohio; married July 18th, 1852, to Miss Mary A. Brown, of Ohio: of their nine children six are living. Both the Doctor and his lady are members of the Christian Church. Republican. William Smith, farmer, sec. 34 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Penn sylvania March 6, 1827, from which place he moved to Ohio in 1829, where he remained till 1848, when he came to this State. Here his mother died and he returned to Ohio, but came back to this State soon after and settled in this county. He was married to Miss Hes ter E. Hopkins in 1860, in Astoria tp., and nine children have been born to this union, seven of whom are iiving. Has an 80-acre farm. Though belonging to no church Mr. S. is a professor of religion, while his wife is a member of the M. E. Church. Greenbacker. James A. Sperry, farmer and fruit-grower, sec. 20 ; P. 0., Berna dotte ; born in Bernadotte tp. in 1844, son of S. A. Sperry, who with wife now resides in Ipava, 111. ; held the office of Postmaster at Ber nadotte; was married at that place in Nov., 1870, to Miss Alice Wood ; this union has been blessed with 3 children, — Harry, Roy and Mabel, all of whom are living. Mr. Sperry has lived in this county all his life, and by perseverance has established himself as one of the first fruit-growers and farmers in this section, having 160 acres of land on which he has his nursery. Republican. Wm. S. Strode, teacher, Bernadotte, should be mentioned among HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 513 the public educators of the county. He was born in Fulton coun ty Dec. 8, 1847. His father, Thos. Strode, is among the earliest settlers of the country. Mr. S. was educated at Abingdon and the Commercial College at Quincy, 111. ; enlisted in Co. G, 50th 111. Vol., Feb., 1864; was mustered out July 3, 1865; was married Dec. 25, 1870, to Miss Amelia Steele, at Astoria, a native of Ohio, and they have had three children, viz : Minefred, Muriel and Walter. Mr. S. has taught school 12 years, one year and a half in Quincy, the rest of the time in this county. Also a good teacher of penmanship. Republican. Thos. H. Walters, farmer ; P. O., Ipava ; son of the old pioneer, Daniel Walters; was born in Alabama Jan. 6, 1847 ; came with his parents to this county in 1849; has been elected Constable, but would not serve ; was therefore fined $5 for not obeying the com mands of the people. Was married Aug., 1852, to Miss Phoebe Litchfield, of Ohio, and this union has been blessed with three children, two of whom are living, — Henry and Genevra. Owns about 300 acres of fine land. Democrat. Myron Wheeler was born April 18, 1841, in this county; mar ried March 13, 1872, Amanda Andrews, and they have had two children. He is a very successful farmer of 80 acres of land on sec. 7, Bernadotte tp. Republican. H. Yonkens, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Bernadotte. Came from Madison Co., 111. James Camron, sec. 19. This man was an early settler here, and assisted in building the block house on Tatten's prairie ; a soldier in the Black Hawk war ; engaged in many exciting hunts after wild hogs ; helped saw the boards for the first tan-yard in Lewistown ; built the fourth house west of Lewistown, where Smithfield now stands, and on the same \ sec. that Wm. Camron now owns. His father, Thomas Camron, was a native of Ireland ; came to Georgia when a small boy; then to Kentucky, White Co., 111., Sangamon Co., Ill,, and this county. He died at the age of 80 years. Mr. James Cam ron, the subject of this biography, was born in Henderson Co., Ky., Feb. 14, 1807; had no schooling, but by hard work has obtained a farm of 357 acres, besides some town property in Table Grove ; has been twice married, and has 11 children, of whom .8 are living, namely, Thomas O., Senrena B., Nancy E., Caroline, Rebecca A., James, Elizabeth and John. His first marriage was in March, 1828, to Elizabeth Herell, a native of Kentucky ; his second was in 1874, to Matilda Ellis, a widow. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. _ Below may be found a schedule of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving: 514 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. SUPERVISORS. Jesse Smith 1850-51 Tera Jones 1852-53 John M. Lewis. 1854 Lyman Moon 1855 Joseph Dyckes 1856 John M. Lewis 1857 Joseph Dyckes 1858-60 Philip Medley 1861-62 H. McChaughey f 1862, J. W. Barnes 1863 Philip Medley 1864 H. McChaughey 1865-68 Wm. M. Hunter 1869 Eli Moorhouse 1870 Adrian E. Lane 1871-73 Lyman Moon 1874 Ira F: Elrod 1875-79 TOWN CLERKS. Harrison McChaughey 1860-64 David Deobler 1866 Wm. McCance 1868 T. B. Webster 1869 Thomas Wood 1870, Wm. M. Hunter 1871 J. H. Wood 1872 Thomas Plumb-. J. R. Shipton... I. M. Hughes W. F. Sharp John Jay- 1873 187418751876 1877 John McChaughey 1878-79 ASSESSORS. John Barnes 1860-61 Philip Medley 1866 Simon P. Snider..., 1868 E. D. Tuthill 1869 Jacob Hecord .1870 Thomas J. Sharp 1871 E. D. Tuthill 1872-73 A. B. Hickard 1874-76 F. M. Sally 1877 J. C. Moorhead 1878 Clark Moorhead 1879 COLLECTORS. Augustus Stewart 1860 Wm. Wheeling 1861 A.J. Hummel 1862 John Harrifoid 1863-69 Robert Sorrel 1870 F. B.Webster 1870 John Harriford 1871 G. P. Stewart C. E. Overton J. C. Moorhead-.. W. F. Snarp Wm. Freeman Wesley W. Hicks.. 1872-73 18741875-76 1877 18781879 CA.NTON TOWNSHIP. This township was among the very first townships of this county that were settled by the whites. Captain David W. Barnes, spoken of in the first chapter, was the first pioneer to locate here with his family. Among others who came into the township at a very early date and located outside of the town, were Theodore and Charles Sergeant, Henry Therman, George Matthews, Aaron Roberts, John Pixley, Seth Littler, David Galleritine, Michael Fraker, John Cole man, Thomas Wolf, a Mr. Campbell, and Daniel Babbett. There was a family by the name of Garland who lived here as early as 1824. Garland is believed to have been a brother-in-law of Kin ney, the man who with Mr. Swan laid off Canton. Joseph Ander son settled upon the northwest quarter of section 35 in 1823. An derson was the first settler in Banner township and resided near Utica prior to his coming to this township. He had been a soldier in the British army during the .war of 1812, but, being taken pris oner by the American forces under General Scott, had concluded to cast his fortunes among his captors. He was a thoroughgoing, enterprising man, an Irishman by education and the kind of a man especially adapted to pioneer life. He brought with him seven children, five boys and three girls. The boys were Joseph, Richard, James, Samuel and A. N., most of whom are deceased. The very first mill of any description in this township was a band-mill owned by Michael Fraker. " Father Fraker," as he was commonly known, was a regular pioneer genius, always ready to adapt himself to any unfavorable surroundings. His cleverness was displayed shortly after his arrival by the construction of a band-mill to grind his neighbors' and his own grain. A bandTmill was so called because a raw-hide band was put upon a large drive- wheel, in the place of c<3gs : it saved the gearing of the mill. These mills constituted the lowest and cheapest order of horse-mills. Pins were put in the place of cogs, and around them the band was placed. These pins might be changed in holes made for the pur pose, so that the band might be tightened when desired. Capt. Barnes lived two and a half miles north of the present city of Canton and Michael Fraker lived east of Mr. Barnes' farm and north of the Fairview bridge. He came into the county in 1823 and in 1828 moved to Lynn township, Knox county. He was the first settler there and gave the name to Fraker's Grove. Jacob Ellis erected a water rdill between Canton and Lewistown about 1824, which did a 516 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. good business. About 1829 he erected another mill within 3 miles of Canton upon Big creek, which brought milling very convenient to the people of Canton. Some of the people, who were not close to one of these primitive mills, contented themselves with prepar ing their meal on a "grater." These "graters" were perforated sheets of tin bowed on to a board, so that the shape was similar to a longitudinal half section of stove-pipe. The rough outside of the perforated tin would tear the grains of corn when it was rubbed briskly over its surface, and by an hour's hard labor meal enough for a small cake could be manufactured. Those old-time circular wolf-hunts described on page 322 afforded exciting holidays to pioneers, and scarcely a neighborhood in all this Northwest went without them. Canton and vicinity had. a grand one in 1842, when the center of the arena chosen was that high point of prairie northwest of Canton, since occupied by Overman's nursery, and known as Overman's Mound. It is estimated that 5,000 men that day encompassed an area about 20 miles in diameter, — men enough to make the line unbroken, and they must have gathered up every wolf within that immense circle; the numberthey enclosed and dispatched was eleven. The dogs accompanying the hunters were of course numerous enough to dispose of all the wolves without any assistance from gunners, — indeed shooting could not be allowed. Another wolf hunt occurred in 1845, when only two wolves were killed. Wolves always seem more numerous than they really are, they are so omnipresent and noisy. If the men could only have driven all the rattlesnakes and "hoop-snakes" to gether into the center and killed them too, their benefaction to the country would have been doubled; but the universal hate which mankind bears toward these reptiles has in time led to the entire extirpation of one, and almost the entire extermination of the other. George Maxwell tells us that when he moved upon his place the country was all a wilderness. His nearest neighbor to the west was Hon. Oliver Shipley, and on the east towards the town was John Wolland, who lived on the old stage road. In an early day Mr. Maxwell would often be called away from home to attend to hisbusi- ness.and would remain away sometimes two weeks. Money was scarce then and the settlers were poor. He has often remained over night with settlers where he went to bed and could count the stars through the roof and sides of the building. To-day these people have the finest residences in the county. The settlers had no pine lumber at that time. Houses, stables, etc., were constructed of hewn tim ber. Prosperity began sfowly and was often retarded, but at the commencement and during the war progress and improvement went ou and the farmers accumulated rapidly. During those years wool sold at $1 per pound, wheat from $2 to $3 per bushel. Horses worth now from $75 to $100 then sold for $175 to $250. Hogs that soldfrom lOto 12| cents per pound are now worth 3 cents. Milch cows which before the war were worth $15 to $18 were worth then ?60 to $80. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 517 This is one of the finest bodies of land in the State, and is under the best of cultivation. Here we find the best farm houses and barns in the county, and one of the most cultured and refined agri cultural communities in the State. After detailing the history of the city of Canton we shall speak personnaUy of many of those who have developed the resources of the township and those who are at present thus engaged, in con nection with many of the old settlers and leading citizens of the city. CANTON CITY. The city of Canton is situated at the junction of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw and the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroads, and upon one of the most fertile prairies to be found in our great Prairie State. It is the largest city of Fulton county and one of the most beautiful and prosperous of the State. As a live, wide awake business place, Canton has no superior and but few equals in Illinois. Combined with its busy aspect is the air of a city, — the culture, refinement and wealth so noticeable in larger centers. Indeed, expressed in few words, Canton is a bustling little city. Its busi ness houses are large and well stocked, and attract, as a natural re sult of these facts, together with the gentlemanly class of merchants who occupy them, a large trade, even from the adjoining towns. The residences of the city are in general neat and tasteful in external appearance, while some of them border on the palatial. The streets are kept clean, sidewalks in good repair, and indeed the same vein of enterprise which prevades the business of the town is not wanting in public affairs. While business enterprise and bustle is to be ad mired, and does receive recognition wherever displayed, there are other factors equally important to any community which has for its motto, Progress, as this city has,— progress not alone in a busi ness sense, — in building large factories, in stretching out the arms of trade, in accumulating wealth, but progress also in all that per tains to the elevation of human society. Intelligence, culture and refinement must go hand in hand with business where this is desired. These ennobling elements of society soften and polish the rough life of the great business world. In these features, as in her business, Can ton is also especially noticeable. Her churches, her schools, her so ciety are exceptionally good. If the inhabitants of this city were conveyed to a wilderness an observant stranger could easily tell that they were reared amid the refining and elevating influences of the Christian Church, good schools and a cultured society. Canton, which is situated upon sections 26, 27, 34 and 35— principally on 27 and 34 — of Canton township, was laid out by Isaac Swan and a man by the name of Kinney, on the 10th day of December, 1825. In 1822 Theodore Sergeant, who is spoken of elsewhere in this volume, by mistake decided to pre-empt the north east quarter of section 27. He erected a cabin north of the site of 518 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the present high-school building, and put into cultivation a few acres of land. Mr. Sergeant, being a single man, in 1823 employed Harrison Hughland, a blacksmith, to occupy his cabin, board him and carry on blacksmithing, which he did for about a year, but afterwards carried on a shop for himself. Hughland was a maker of cow-bells, and did the first manufacturing of any kind in the township, — making bells for the few settlers in the county. Isaac Swan appeared upon the scene in 1824 and exhibited to Sergeant a military title to the same quarter of land he had settled upon. He immediately vacated, leaving Swan in possession. Swan was ac companied by his brother-in-law, Nathan Jones, who owned the northwest quarter of section 34. By mutual agreement, owing to the fact that Jones' land was covered with timber and Swan's was prairie, they divided with each other, Swan taking the north half of Jones' land and he in turn taking the south half of Swan's. This gentleman saw in this a fine location for a town and proposed to Mr. Jones that they lay off one on the west forty acres of their prairie tract. To this Jones would not assent. At this time Mr. Kinney was living on the northeast quarter of section 27, who proposed to Mr. Swan to join in the enterprise. This proposition was accepted' and one hundred and eight lots were platted. Kinney, however, did not remain a half owner of Canton very long, for during the following season John Coleman, sr., appeared with a title to the quarter of land claimed by him and he ousted Kinney and took possession of the quarter. Coleman fenced up Kinney's survey, running the fence to the center of Adelphi street, the boundary line) between him and Swan. This was a source of no little con troversy in regard to Adelphi street, some claiming that Coleman had no legal right to vacate it ; others claiming that he had. Jones soon laid off his first addition directly south of the original town. In this he laid off the public square, he owning the property on three sides of it and Swan on the fourth. Isaac Swan erected the first building on the original town plat, immediately after it was laid out. This building was a log cabin, perhaps 16 by 18 feet, and was for some time known as "Swan's catch-all." It was designed as a stopping-place for any family that might come in, until they could build. It was situated on Union street, above Fourth. As a fitting tribute to the memory of Mr. Isaac Swan, the found er of Canton, we wish to give a brief personal sketch of him in this connection. He was a native of Vermont, but emigrated with his father to Western New York while that region was still a wil derness. At the age of about twenty years he left New York, in company with his brother-in-law, Nathan Jones, and started for the Great West. Making several short tarryings in different parts of Indiana, they finally established themselves in St. Clair county, Illinois, about 1818. They remained there until 1820, when they removed to Montgomery county, and tarried there until 1824, ,^^S/L^Cr^^nr^C^{^7^ 0^ and began the practice of his profession at Canton in March of that year. He has served as Mayor of Can ton for two terms, City Attorney, Alderman, etc., and has been State's Attorney since 1872, having been re-elected in 1876. He fills this office with the ability that has so uniformly characterized the gentlemen who have filled the position from the time Hon. 33 540 .HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY* Thomas Ford was appointed. As an official, a leading lawyer and a representative citizen, we give Mr. Abbott's portrait in this vol ume. Jacob Abbott, attorney, was born in Farmington township, Fulton Co., 111., April 1, 1850. During his boyhood he had the advan tages of the country schools only, and at the age of 19 attended the Canton high school 6 months. In March, 1872, he began his legal studies with his brother, Daniel Abbott, in whose office he read law for three years, teaching school each alternate six months, At the spring election of 1875 he was elected Justice of the Peace; was re-elected in 1877 for 4 years, and also elected City Clerk of Canton. He was admitted to the Bar July 4, 1876. Dec. 20, 1876, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah A. Lawrence, of Canton, and daughter of Wm. and Sarah (Coleman) Lawrence. William, born March 30, 1878, is their only child. John Bangs Allen, lumber dealer, is a native of Enfield, Mass., where he was born Oct. 3, 1825. His parents, John and Anna (Bangs) Allen, moved to Fredonia, 'N. Y., in 1834, and to Ohio in 1836. The subject of this sketch learned the carpenter's trade, the vocation of his father, and in 1846 came to Canton, and has been identified with the carpentering, building and lumber business of Canton to the present time. In 1860 he formed a partnership with James H. Murphy, to do a general carpenter and building business, and they have put up many fine buildings in this city. In 1862 the firm opened a lumber yard, and they received the first car of lumber shipped to Canton over the C, B. & Q. railroad. The firm was dissolved in 1872, Mr. Murphy retiring. Mr. A. was married in 1851 to Sarah A. K. Dunlap, and has a family of 5 children. Stephen Alward, deceased, was a native of Somerset Co., N. J. In 1823 moved to Crawford Co., Pa., and Aug. 22, 1836, came to Illinois with bis wife and 4 children, — Sarah, Esther, Benj. ; and Phoebe. He first located in Canton and followed farming. ,'fln 1848 he went to live with his son Benjamin, where he resided; till his death in 1855. His wife died in 1875. Her maiden name was Joanna Pool. Benjamin Alward married, in March, 1856, Eliza Hol comb, of Peoria Co. They have 10 children living, whose names are: Harry J., Ida, Elizabeth, Frank, George, Charles, GuyR, Grace J., Carrie L. and Mabel I. His eldest sou, John H., djiedin 1873, at the age of 17. Mr. H. has a fine farm of 260 acres.' He built the first store-house at Norris, and carried on the stock and grain business and general store there for five years. Henry V. Andrews was born in Madison Co., O., June 16, 1815, and is son of Luman and Elizabeth (Clarke) Andrews, who came to Illinois in Aug., 1820, and located on Farm creek, Tazewell. Co. Both his parents died at Fort Clark, now Peoria, in 1822. His mother was well and remarked that she would die within 3 days, and sure enough ere the expiration of that time was a corpse. Her husband never spoke after learning of her death, aud he died within •HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 541 5 weeks. Thus in a wild country were 3 girls and a boy left fath erless and motherless. Of them our subject is the only one now living. He went to live with his sister, Mrs. D. W. Barnes. Many were the hardships experienced by Mr. A. and he undoubtedly has the most vivid memory of early life here of any man in this county. He was married to Sarah Shane Feb. 25, 1840, in Peoria Co. She is daughter of James Shane. They have a family of 8 children liv ing, and 2 dead. Hervey lives in Peoria, Elizabeth, Kate, deceased, Irene, David, deceased, George, Abner, Frank, Sadie, Corwin. Mr. A. lives upon sec. 16. He is the oldest settler residing in the tp., having located here in 1822 with David W. Barnes. A. C Babcock, of Canton, is one of the prominent and representa tive men of the city. He is an active politician and has been chair man of the Republican State Central Committee, and one of the best campaign managers of the State. William Babcock, sen., was born in New York July 15, 1823, and came to Canton in 1844, bringing a large stock of goods, and en gaged in mercantile business for some years. He built the first mill and distillery in Canton, which were at that time the largest and best in the State. The business was conducted in the name of "A. Babcock." Mr. B. also became engaged in farming and raising stock, especially horses. He has the celebrated trotting horses, Gov. Sprague and Kate Sprague. He has been a large land-owner, hav ing held 22,000 acres at one time. He has now 4,000 acres under cultivation. He married Miss Elizabeth A. Kinsey, a native of Ohio, in 1851. They have had 6 children: Chas. A., Wm. B., Anna Watkins, Elizabeth, Frank, deceased, and John S. Geo. T. Barnard, farmer, sec. 30, is a son of Theodore and Sarena (Trites) Barnard, and was born in this township in 1846. In 1869 he married Nannie Brout, of Canton tp. His father was born in Troy, N. Y., in 1812, and came to this county with his father, The odore Barnard, sr., in 1835, who settled on sec. 31, Canton tp. He was a widower with 4 children : Jane, Harriet, Theodore, and Mary. He lived on this place till his death, in 1861, at the age of 83 years. His son, Theodore, now lives on the old homestead. James H Bass, of the firm of James H. Bass & Bro., dealers in hardware and agricultural implements. This business was estab lished in 1868 by Jas. H. Bass & Co., dealing principally in hard ware and stoves. In 1874 the present firm was formed, and does an extensive business in hardware and agricultural implements of all kinds, mostly of the Moline manufacture. That their business is extensive is shown from their large sales, which average $30,000 to $35j000 ayear. Mr. B. was educated at Canton public schools and Jubilee College, Peoria Co. He is a native of this county, having been born here in 1843. Michael Baylor, deceased,- father of Isaac Baylor, was a native of New Jersey. He and his wife, Ann Lyda, came to this county in 1846, and resided on a farm just south of Canton for 20 years. They 542 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. brought a large family of children whose names are : Margaret, Isaac, John, George, Washington, Elizabeth, James, and Isaiah. The last mentioned died quite young; the others are. all living in this county. Isaac Baylor married Mary Ann Wise, of New Jersey ; she died in Nov., 1859, leaving two children, — Emma and George W. Two of his brothers, Washington and James, are living with him. Three of the sons of Michael Baylor served in the army during the Rebellion, Washington served 3 years in the 103d 111. Inf. The regiment was in 23 battles, including Sherman's march, and he was in all except one, and never received but one slight wound. James served in the 51st 111. Inf. one year, mostly in Texas. George was also in the army and very severely wounded, from the effects of which he has not recovered, and probably never will He lives at Cuba. J. G. Bidamon, Postmaster at Canton, was born at Hillsborough, O., Oct., 1847; was brought to Canton when one year old and has remained here ever since. He was appointed Postmaster in 1870, and holds the office at present. His father, Christian Bidamon, was born in Virginia and came to Canton in 1847; he was Township Collector for a number of years, and was appointed Postmaster by President Lincoln in 1861. He died in 1870 and was succeededby his son. John Blackadore, saddler and harness manufacturer, is a native of jthe County Antrim, Ireland, and came to the United States with his parents in 1821, who located on a farm 6 miles from Pittsburg, Pa., where he lived until 1829, when he began to learn his trade at Pittsburg and worked till '34. He carried on his business in Sharpsburgh, Ky., for 8 years, and in 1842 came to Illinois, and located at Canton July 2, 1843. He bought the stock of Mr. Hatchee, then carrying on a saddle and harness shop, and has con tinued in business at the same stand since. He built the first brick store or shop in Canton, which was .burnt in 1868 and rebuilt on a larger scale the same year. Again, July 25, 1878, his building was burnt, and again he rebuilt the same year. Mr. B.'s parents were George and Mary (Alexander) Blackadore. He was married in 1848 to Elizabeth Ferguson, who has borne 5 children. Mary E., Geo. F., John L., all living, and Almira J. and Emma E., deceased., H. C. Bolton, boot and shoe dealer, was born at New Castle-on- Tyne, Eng., in 1837 ; came to Pennsylvania in 1842, and to Can ton in 1860, bringing a stock of boots and shoes, and established himself on the northeast corner of the Square where he remained for 12 years, since which time he has been in his present location, on the east side of the Square. He has been successful and has sold as high as $45,000 worth of boots and shoes in a year. This was nearly the first, if not the first, exclusive boot and shoe store in Canton. Dr. W. B. Bolton was born in England in 1826 ; came to the U. S. in 1844 and to Canton in 1861, and was Pastor of the Baptist Church from 1861 to '65, but practiced medicine during that period HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 543 and to the present time. His father, John Bolton, came to Canton with a family of 4 boys and 1 girl, whose names are : W. B., John C, practicing medicine in Peoria, H. C. and J. B., both in the shoe business in Canton. His father now resides at Cuba. Samuel Breasley, miller, was born in Trenton, N. J., March 15, 1813. He was united in marriage with Miss Maria V. Conover, grand-daughter of Dr. Henry Vandever, of New Jersey, on the 30th of Jan., 1833. Seven children have been born to them, 4 of whom are now living. He commenced the milling business at Pekin in Jan., 1862, removed to Canton in 1866, and now owns the large flour-mills of this city. He lost one son in the army during the Rebellion. William Henry Brown. — Samuel Brown and Lois Buswell, his wife, came to this county in June, 1839, and located on sec. 29, Canton township. Mr. B. was a native of Winchendon, Mass., and was born Jan. 14, 1804, and died July 29, 1872 ; his father was Asaph, son of Samuel Brown. It is a very old family, dating back in the histoty of America prior to 1700. His wife's parents were John and Rebecca (DeMary) Buswell, the former a son of Samuel Buswell, who came to this country in the Mayflower. Samuel Brown, who came to this country in 1837, had a family of 5 children : Lucia M. married Henry R. Turpin and lives at Prairie City, 111. ; L. R. lives at the old homestead ; Mary A. died in 1856 ; Geo. S. died in 1856, and Wm. H., the name that heads this sketcb, now owns and lives at the old homestead. His mother is living with him at the age of 78 years. Elijah A. Capps was born in La'ssiter Precinct, Randolph Co., N. C, in 1797. His parents were Dempsey and Sarah (Pool) Capps, who moved to Ohio in 1801, where they lived till 1838, the year the subject came to this county bringing both his parents, who are now deceased. He settled on a farm in Buckheart township where he lived till 1860, when he moved to Canton. He was married in Highland Co., O., in 1823, to Rebecca Walter of Grayson Co., Va., who is still living at the ripe old age of 85. Mr. C. has held about all the local offices, and has been a member of the Methodist Church for 66 years. His wife has also been a member for many years. Their family consisted of 7 children, 5 of whom are living, — James C, Sarah J., Elizabeth R., Lettice L., deceased, Martha Ann, de ceased^ MaryE. and Maria A. Benjamin F. Chambers, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 1 ; P. O., Norris; was born Oct. 21, 1833; is a native of Monmouth Co., N.J. He came to this county in May, 1866, and located on sec. 1, and first lived in a log house, but the next fall built the commodious frame in which he now resdes. His parents were Benjamin and Paulina (Anderson) Chambers, of New Jersey, both deceased ; the former died in Illinois in 1875, the mother in New Jersey in 1843. Mr. C. was united in marriage, March 1, 1872, with Eleanor Strick land, of Ocean Co., N. J., and daughter of Barkalow and Abigail 544 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. (Bennett) Strickland. They have a family of 5 children : Florence, Frankie Ella, Elliott Augustine, Walter B., Lula May. They also have a nephew, Wm. Franklin Cook, living with them, who came from New Jersey in Nov., 1878. They have lost 2 children since coming to the county : Harry and Stella, who died in infancy. Charles B. Churchill, jr., a native of Oneida Co., N. Y., came to this county in 1837, bringing with him his father, mother and 4 brothers, and located on a farm in Putman tp. In 1842 bought a farm on sec. 32, Canton tp., and partly broke the land and raised crops ; there was no house on the .place, and he tented it while attending his crops. In 1845 he went to South Carolina, Georgia, and other Southern States, engaged in trade ; was in Florida during the Florida war; returned from the South in 1850 and married that year Miss Louisa Hurlburt and moved on his farm. They have 3 daughters and one son. The Churchills are a very old family. Samuel Churchill lived in Westerfield, Hartford Co., over 200 years ago. A large brick house built at that time is still standing in good condition. Capt. Charles Churchill was a son of Samuel and a Captain in the Continental army. Levi was a son of Charles and held a Captain's commission under Washington during the Revo lution. Charles B. Churchill was son of Charles, who served in the war of 1812. Chas. B.,jr., the subject of this sketch, is son of Chas. B. The Churchills are decendants in a direct line from an English duke by the name of John Churchill. Chas. B. died at . his son's, C. B., jr., Sept. 17, 1878, at the age of 93. Dr. A. B. ClougK was born in Vermont in 1828 ; went to Massa chusetts in 1843, to New York City in '49, and came to Illinois in '55- He was educated in Vermont and began the practice of med icine in '63 as an allopathist and continued to practice that system until 8 years ago, when, having made a study of homeopathy, he adopted that system. A. L. Coleman was born Sept. 2, 1821, and came with his father, John Coleman, from New Jersey. He remembers when Indians were numerous through this section. They used to come to his father to have blacksmithing done. The Indian trails were the on ly paths leading to Galena and Peoria, then called Ft. Clark. The first boat he remembers on the Illinois was the Shingle-Weaver, which made shingles as it went along. He was married to Miss Mary Fiddler, a native of Ohio. Elizabeth, Geo. F. and Josephine are the children who have been born to them. HenryHS. Cosier, deceased. Mr. C. was born in 1831 in Mont gomery Co., O.,. and was the son of Lewis and Elizabeth (Dom- bough) Cosier. He came to Douglas Co., 111., in 1854, and this county in 1868. He married Rebecca Steele, of Ohio, at Dayton, in Sept., 54. He died June 15, 1879, at his home in Norris, leaving a widow and 5 children. The children's names are : JohnB., Rosetta, Florence Victoria, Lillie May and Ulysses S. Mr. C. was promi nent in Sunday-school matters and devoted much time to this good HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 545 • cause. For 5 years he was Superintendent of the school held at Curtis' school-house, and of the Cottonwood school 2 years. He and his wife were members of the same church all their lives, and during the last few years, of the M. E. Church. Robert C. Culton was born in Marysville, Tenn., Feb. 13, 1804, and his parents moved to Lexington, Ky., when he was but 4 years of age. He served an apprenticeship at blacksmithing in Kentucky, but owing to the evils of slavery, sought a free State. In 1823 he opened a shop in Indiana, and in 1836 came to Canton. Desirous of starting a blacksmith shop here he began looking around,, either to buy an established business or start a new one. At that time there were 5 shops in town, and he noticed that all of them except one kept a jug of whisky on the bench free to customers. In Ira Baker's shop nothing of that kind was kept. This made a fav orable impression upon Mr. C. ; so he bought him out. Besides blacksmithing he erected the following year a building suitable for wool-carding, carrying on this business till '52, customers coming from the Mississippi river, Springfield, etc., to have wool carded. Mr. C. has been identified with the business of Canton for 43 years. He has always been a strict temperance man. He united with the Presbyterian church, Aug. 26, 1823, and has been a consistent mem ber since, serving as Elder for 38 years. He was married July 18, 1823, at. Livonia, Ind., to Ary A. Ferguson, who died in June, 1845. He married again at Canton Mrs. Eliza (Campbell) Rawalt, de ceased. He married his present wife, Mrs. Mary P. Lamond, in 1856. She was formerly Miss Kelsey, and a native of Thomaston, Maine. Lathrop Willis Curtis, deceased, was born in Hanover, N. H., Jan. 9, 1800, and died March 25, 1879. His father was Joseph Curtis, of Mansfield, Ct., and was a Lieutenant in the Revolutionary war ; his mother, Sarah (Danis) Curtis, was a native of New Hampshire. Mr. C. came to this county Dec. 10/32. He was a physician and practiced here for several years, but the necessarily long rides of a physician's practice in a new country, exposure, etc., ruined his health, when he partially discontinued his practice and engaged in farming. He was married at Hanover, N. H., April 3, 1826, to Louisa Wright, daughter of Royal and Diantha (Martin) Wright, of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. C. had a family of 9 chUdren, 6 of whom are living, — Samuel M., Mary Perry, Royal Joseph, Lucy M., Chas. W. and Amelia Annette. S. M. and R. J. live at Panora, Iowa. Mary P. is the wife of Marshall Pittman, Bridgeville, N. J. Lucy M., wife of Rev. Wm. Watson, Amelia A., wife of Samuel Lommason, of Ringgold Co., Iowa; Chas. Wright is carrying on the homestead farm. He married Emeline Stout in Jan., 1876. They have two children,— Lydia Louisa and Margaretta May. Mrs. C. lives at the homestead farm near Norris. Peter Y. Custer was born in Pennsylvania in 1818, where the family had lived for several generations. He came to Fulton Co. 546 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. * in the spring of 1857, where he has since engaged in farming. He married Miss Hannah Albright and has a family of 6 children. Peter Daily -fras born in the Parish of Kilskyre, County of Meath, Ireland, in 1826, and is the son of Gerald and Frances (Flood) Daily, who came to the U. S. in 1853. Peter first came to this county in 1856 and located at Canton, and erected a brick building the same fall. *He had learned the bricklaying and mason trade in New Jersey, and has followed that business in connection with con tracting and building extensively in Canton, putting up no less than 43 buildings, including the opera house, which he owns, and also owns 9 dwellings besides the fine one in which he resides, which is one of the most attractive places in the county. He owns several farms in this county and also in Texas, Kansas and Nebraska, all of which he has accumulated by his own personal exertions. He was married in New Jersey in 1854 to Ann McGinnis, who died in 1868, leaving a family of 2 children, — Joseph and Gerald! He married his present wife, Johanna McMahon, in 1872, by whom he has 3 children, — Elizabeth J., Mary F. and Agnes A. William 0. Dean, manufacturer of cigars. Mr. D. was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., Sept. 12, 1844, and came to this county in 1856. His present business was established in 1869 by G. M. Arm strong and himself under the firm name of Dean & Armstrong, and remained the same until Jan., 1879, when Mr. D. bought out his partner's interest. There are employed in the exclusive manufac ture of cigars in this extensive establishment some 25 to 30 hands, 6 of whom are females. He turns out annually 1,200,000 to 1,500,- 000 cigars, the value of which is from $40,000 to $50,000. C. C. Dewey was born in Hanover, N. H., August 9, 1826. His father, Oliver Dewey, came to Canton in the fall of 1832. Mr. D, entered business with his brother, R. W., with a stock of dry-goods and general merchandise in 1849, and continued till 1870, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. C. C. continuing business until 1874, when he sold out. Edward Page Dewey, one of the old settlers of the county, was born in Hanover, N. H., Feb. 4, 1817. His parents, Oliver Dewey and Jemima Dewey, nee Wright, came to the county in 1832. Mr. D. was married at the age of 25, and 3 years later moved upon an 80-acre farm on sec. lT'of this township where he resided till 1856; then he moved into Canton, where he continues to reside. Mr. Dewey's wife's maiden name was Anna Maria Shinn. ' They were married Sept. 1, 1842. .The following are the names of their chil dren : Roswell W., Sarah P., Chas. Arthur and Eliza Maria. Har riet Henriette, the eldest, died at the age of 11, and Stephen, &n infant, also dead. '- Roswell W. Dewey, of "the dry-goods firm of A. W.Dewey &Co., Canton. Mr. D., who is one of the oldest merchants in the city, was born in Hanover, N. H., in 1824, and was brought to Canton in the fall of 1832 by his parents, Oliver and Jemima (Wright) HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 547 Dewey. His father was a carpenter by trade, but followed farming, and until Roswell was 15 years of age was raised upon the farm. At that time he came to Canton to attend school, then went to clerk ing for his uncle, Joel Wright, in a general store. In 1849 he went into business with his brother under the firm name of R. W. & C. C. Dewey, Joel Wright being a silent partner until '55, and the firm continued under that name till 1870, when R. W. retired from business. In October, 1874, he again embarked in business with his son Alfred W. In 1849 he married Miss Sarah E. Shinn, daughter of Isaac and Maria Shinn, of Harrison county, Va. Their children are: Alfred W., Maria J., Francis H., M. Addie and Har riet V. R. W. Dewey, of the firm of Dewey & Divilbiss, dealers in dry- goods, hats, caps, etc.,. was born in Canton in 1845. His parents are Edwin Page and Anna M. (Shinn) Dewey, the former a native of Hanover, N. H., and his mother of W. Va. He received his education at the Canton schools and at Hedding College, Abingdon, 111. He was united in marriage with Miss Clara L., daughter of Thomas L. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, March 15, 1876. Mr. D. enlisted in 1864 in the 134th IU. Inf., Co. H, serving in Kentucky and Missouri. Uriah W. Dickson was born in 1813, in Nelson Co., Va. His parents, John and Nancy (Woods) Dickson, were both natives of the Old Dominion, where they both died. Mr. D. came to Illinois in 1838, located at Galena and engaged in the lead mines. He came to this county in 1842 and settled in Deerfield township, and farmed until a few years ago, when he retired from active labor. He was married to Ruth Ann Mills in 1842. She died in 1864, leav ing 2 children, — Enoch M. and Jacob M. He married again, this time to Laura A. Williams. Mr. D. was Supervisor for Deerfield for 14 years, School Treasurer 12 years, and filled all other offices except Collector. He never was sued in his life, but sued the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. He and his wife were greatly injured by a team of horses running away with them, which were frightened by an en gine. He sued the company and recovered $8,000, after 8 years' litigation. At first he offered to take $3,000. James U. Divilbiss, of the dry-goods firm of Dewey & Divilbiss, is a son of William and Evaline (Feidt) Divilbiss, of Franklin Co., Pa., the native place of James U. They came to this county in 1850 and remained until 1873, when they moved to Farmer's City, 111., where they now reside. In the fall of 1865 Mr. D. en tered the store of J. W. Ingersoll as salesman, remained for three and a half years and accepted the same position in the store of R. W. & C. C. Dewey. At the expiration of one year R. W. Dewey retired from the firm and he remained with C. C. Dewey for 4 years. In 1874 he formed a partnership with R. W. Dewey under the firm name of Dewey & Divilbiss, and bought the stock of C. C. Dewey. The firm has remained the same to the present time, carrying one 548 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of the largest stock of goods in the county and meeting with general success. James Donn & Bro., hardware merchants, gun-makers and dealers; This firm occupy one of the finest store-rooms in Canton, being 181J feet in depth by 22 feet wide. Ninety feet in front is stored with hardware, guns, cutlery, etc., and 91 J feet in the rear is devoted to the manufacture of guns. This firm represents one of the im portant business interests of Canton. They make a specialty in the manufacture of the best grade of breach-loading guns after the lat est improved models, varying in price from $50 to $250. They have a reputation second to none in the State in the manufacture of superior goods. The business was established by James Donn in April, 1859, in a small building on Main street, north of the Square, he doing all his own work with no power excepting hand. He occupied this building for 6 years with an average business of $600 per year. He removed to the west side of the Square and remained till '67 when he formed a partnership with his brother, Wm. Donn, jr., and removed to the north side ; and in 1872 moved to their present place on the west side, where they do a business of $5Q,000 per year. The parents of these gentlemen, Wm. and Catharine (Thompson) Donn, are among the old settlers of Fulton Co. They were natives of Perth, Scotland. James was born in Lake Co., 111., and married Ellen Rawalt in 1871. Ellen is their only child. Wm. Donn, jr., is a native of Canton and was born in 1849 ; he was mar ried Nov. 28, 1878, to Belle Thompson. Joseph Drake, farmer, sec. 29, is a native of Sussex Co., N. J., and is the son of Ebenezer and Prudence (Sutton) Drake. Mr. D. came to this county in 1848, located at Canton and engaged in merchandising under the firm name of Vittum, Drake & Co. for 6 years, and from 1854 to '61 was engaged in the same business in Prairie City. During the war was engaged in general trading in the Southern States. He moved his family to Canton in 1863, and afterwards engaged in business at Santa Fe, New Mexico. He mar ried Sarah J. Vittum in 1850 and had a family of 8 children, 5 liv ing : A. M., jeweler at Canton ; Martin, Eugene, Stephen A. Doug las and Fred are living at the homestead. Mr. D. has been turning his attention to sheep-feeding, having about 600 to 800 head per year. In '78 he sold 400 head that averaged 145 pounds. This lot went to Europe. He is one of the most successful sheep-feeders in Illinois. Augustus Emory, farmer, is a native of Ringe, Cheshire Co., N. H., where he was born Sept. 27, 1818. His father was Stephen Emory, son of Stephen Emory, of Salem, Mass., whose father came from England. The grandfather of our subject was a soldier under Washington and took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. His mother before marriage was Polly Ingalls, of Ringe, N. H. Mr. E. came to this county June 3, 1838, a,nd lived with Samuel Brown for a tima, and engaged in selling clocks and other goods through HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 549 the country for 5 years, when (1 844) in company with Abel H. White, he went to Ohio and bought a flock of 1,300 sheep, which cost on arrival here 49 cents a head. Jeffrey Maynard owned an interest in them. Two weeks after arrival White sold his for $1.50 a head. Mr. E. kept his and has not been out of the sheep busi ness since. He married Parmelia Ellis Nov. 1, 1865. Herbert is their only child. He was born Jan. 21, '68. David Fisher Emry came to this county, bringing a family of 5 children, Oct. 16, 1834. His children were Zillah, David F., Ma tilda, Henry and Amelia. Edith Fisher was his wife. She was born near Philadelphia, Pa., and was married in the year 1800. Mr. E. was of German, and his wife of German-English descent. Their son David F., who is to-day, as he has been for many years, promi nently identified in the history of the county, resides in this town ship and is engaged in farming. He is one of the oldest surveyors in the county, and perhaps none have surveyed more land than he. He takes especial pains and pride in preserving statistics, etc., and had a most valuable collection in his residence when it took fire and burned to the ground. The family was away from home at the time. He is a pleasing writer, and a good logician. He is iden tified with the Fulton County Fair Association at present. Samuel Eshleman, farmer, sec. 5, is a native of Franklin Co., Pa., where he was born Jan. 10, 1816; is a son of John and Martha (Hurst) Eshleman, both natives of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. Mr. E. came to this county in April, 1847, and the fol lowing year bought the farm on which he now resides. He was united in marriage with Catherine Defenbaugh in 1843. Mrs. E. is a daughter of Samuel Defenbaugh, of Lancaster Co., Pa. Mary, Amanda C, David A., Susan E., Alice, and Annis are their children, all living. They lost 2 children': Samuel, age 18, and Martha L., age 1 year. He has been a member of the Baptist Church for 25 years. Hiram Fellows, deceased, came to this county as early as 1830. His son, Harrison P. Fellows, who now resides at Norris, was born near Watertown, N. Y., in 1816, and has been very prominent in the affairs of the county. He served in the Black Hawk war. Thornton H Fleming, M. D., was born at Richmond, Va., in 1811; educated at Madison College, Uniontown, Pa., graduating in 1831. He began the study of medicine with Dr. John B. Phythian, of that place, and completed his studies with Dr. Thomas H. Fow ler, of Belleville, Pa. He practiced medicine 5 years, then attended college and graduated from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1839. He came to Fulton Co., in 1854, locating at Liverpool, and in 1859, came to Canton. He married in June 1846, Mary Ann Nutt, of Fayette Co., Pa., who bore him one child, Leroy M. William I. Gearhart, of Wm. I. Gearhart & Co., furniture deal ers. This business was established over 40 years ago by William Thompson. In 1863 Mr. G. became connected with the business, 550 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. and the following year Mr. Thompson died. Mr. G. then bought one-half interest in the business, ofhis widow (who was his sister), and has since conducted the business. Mr. G. first came to this county in 1839. His parents were Jacob and Mary (Whitaker) Gearhart, who came to the county at the1 above date, bringing 5 children : Elizabeth (Thompson) John F., died in 1874, Angelina (Shaffer), Wm. I. and Harriet K (Batchelder). The first 3 that are living reside in Canton, the other in Kansas. Jacob Gearhart, his father, died in 3 weeks after his arrival in 1839. William B. Gleason, merchant, first came to Canton in 1849, re maining one year, when, taking the gold fever, he went to Cali fornia, where he followed mining and the hotel business at Marys- ville for some 4 years, and returned to Liverpool, this county, in 1854 ; clerked in store of W. A. Dickerman & Co. for a few years and afterwards occupied the same position in the dry-goods store of J. H. Stipp & Co., Canton. In 1869 he bought the stock of J. H. S. & Co., and has continued business since that time on his own ac count, and carries one of the largest dry-goods stocks in the county. He served Canton as Mayor two terms ; during the Rebellion was appointed Draft Commissioner for Fulton Co., but the district being immediately enlarged to include several counties, Mr. G. declined the position. Mr. G. organized the first fire department for Can ton ; was appointed chief engineer with power to organize it. It consisted first of a hook and ladder and bucket companies. He afterwards bought for the city a hand engine which was used for many years. He was born in Northumberland, N. Y., Oct. 23, 1823, and is the son of Hiram and Catharine (Romer) Gleason, of Saratoga Co., N. Y. He was married to Mary A. Cooper, first, and since her decease was married to Mrs. Cordie A. Black, who has borne him one child, Wm. jr., bord April 7, 1879. Mrs. A. T. Graham was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., in 1815, and came to Canton in the spring of 1837. John G. Graham, her husband, was born in Saratoga, N. Y., in 1817, and came to Canton in 1836. His father was Hiram Graham, of New York, and his mother was Polly (Gleason) Graham, from the same county, — Sara toga. There were 5 children born to John G. and wife. The eld est son, Chas. J., born in 1844, died in '47; Ella, died in June/47; Carrie J., born Aug., 1848 ; John G., born June 16, 1850; Alice L., July 3, 1854. Mr. Graham was twice elected to the Legislature and to the State Constitutional Convention. John G. Graham's father died when he was an infant, and he therefore had to work his own way. He educated himself and made of life a success. He came west first as an engineer on the old C, B. & Q. R. R- He brought his mother and other members of his family, provided for them while he lived and left them in affluence. Frederick M. Grant, of the firm of Barrere & Grant, attorneys, is a native of Orange, Conn., where he was born in 1838. He re ceived an academic education at the Orange Academy and at HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 551 Smith's Grammar School, the latter located at New Haven. He enlisted as private in Co. F, 12th Conn. Inf., Sept. 18, 1861, and was promoted 2nd Lieut. ; in 1862 was appointed 1st Lieut, by Gen. B. F. Butler in 4th La. Native Guards, and in 1863 promoted to Capt., and served until Jan. 12, 1866. This regiment served in nearly all the battles fought in the Department of the Gulf 1862-5 inclusive. The following morning after the assault on the enemy's works at Mobile only 9 of Capt. G.'s company were able to report for duty, the rest either killed or wounded. At the close of the war Mr. G. located at Knoxville, 111., and read law in the office of Judge Hannaman and March, 1869, was admitted to the Bar and began to practice at Galesburg, and was City Attorney during 1870-1. In Jan., 1873, came to Canton. He was married at New Haven, Conn., in 1862, to Miss Grace Willoughby, Geo. B., Edna W. and Clara L. are their children. Ca.pt. Dxvid Hiacke was born in Markham township, Upper Canada, July 25, 1801. He came to Fort Clark (now Peoria) as early as 1822 and to this county in 1827, and settled on a farm, where he resided for 48 years. He has lived in Canton during the past few years, having partially retired from business. The Cap tain participated in the Black Hawk war ; was at the battle with the Indians on Rock river in which the militia were defeated. He received his commission as Captain of the 32nd Reg., 111. Militia, from Gov. John Reynolds. It is dated at Vandalia, 111., Aug. 20, 1833, but ranking from April 13. His parents were John and Hannah (Adams) Haacke, the former of Holland, the latter of New York city, and a cousin of John Quincy Adams. Capt. H. has been married 4 times. In 1823 he married Margaret Barker, of Tazewell Co., deceased; in 1836 married Sarah Bull, of this county. She died in 1843. He was again married, this time to Melinda Edwards, of this county. By this marriage 2 children are living, Margaret, the wife of CHURCHES. Wiley Union Church. — The Methodists and Lutherans built a house in 1879 upon the land donated by Mr. E. Wiley, in 1839, for school and Church purposes. Mr. Wiley did not deed the land, but his successor, John Scott, transferred it to the Trustees for the above named purposes. Services are held every two weeks by Rev. J. E. Rutledge, M. E. preacher, and every alternate Sunday by Rev. Martin, Lutheran Pastor. Franklin Christian Church, commonly known as the New-Light Christian Church, was organized April 10, 1869, by Elder John R. Jones, with ten members. This Church sprang mostly from the old Pleasant Valley congregation, which was organized at the house of John Laswell, July 21, 1838, by Dr. John Scott, who now resides HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 603 in Prairie City, 111. This little band grew and prospered until it numbered at one time over 70 members. But some" of the members having died, some dismissed by letter and others uniting in another body as the Mt. Pleasent Church, the history of which is given in connection with Cass township, the Pleasant Valley Church dis banded. Present membership of the Franklin Church is 60. Elder E. W. Irons is Pastor. Sharon Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized in the autumn of 1836 by Rev. John Berry, at the house of John Edmon son. The records were burned in the house of Mr. Holmes, and in 1850 the Church was re-organized and services were held in the new school-house just across the line in Young Hickory township. There are about 15 members, but employ no regular pastor, as the Presbyterians, Methodists and Lutherans have united their forces and employed a minister to preach for all. Lutheran Zion Church was organized July 23, 1849, with a mem bership of 14, in the Wiley school-house, by Rev. Mr. Scharer. This organization built a church edifice in 1866, and in 1872 the growing desire upon the part of some for English preaching was so great that the Church divided, and now consists of two organiza tions, each one employing a pastor and worshiping in the same house. One of them is termed the German Lutheran and the other the English Lutheran congregation, yet we give both as the history of one Church, for both claim to be the Lutheran Church, and each holds that the other is the faction ; but the German congregation holds the old records. The people are all Germans, but the word "English" is used to designate one from the other. Deerfield Temperance Union. — Rev. Mr. Evans, of Faipview, as sisted by Dr. Beer, of EUisviUe, delivered a series of lectures at the Lutheran Church and Wiley school-house in the spring of 1879, and on the 10th of June the above-named society was organized with J. C. Tompkins President and M. D. Dickinson Secretary. Their motto is ''Total Abstinence ;" badge, blue ribbon ; member ship, about 50. PERSONAL SKETCHES. As a part of the history of the township we add the following brief personal biographies : BartleyB. Blout, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 18 ; P. O., Babylon. Mr. B. was born June 2, 1830, in Franklin Co., O. He came to Fulton Co. with his parents, Allen and Elitha (Boyd) Blout, as early as 1837, and consequently knows much of pioneer life. His father used to go 40 miles to mill, and he says he has seen their neighbor, Abram Teatsworth, plow with a forked stick. He killed a deer on the opposite bank of the river one time, and swam over to get him. He took out its entrails with a nail, sunk it in the water and tied it there with a grape vine to keep the wolves from 604 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. it. He married Nancy A. Judy, July 15, 1855, who has borne him 6 children, — 4 "boys and 2 girls. Mr. B. has held many of the tp. offices. Levi Brown, carpenter ; P. O., EUisviUe ; was born in Stark Co.; O., Oct. 10, 1836 ; removed with his parents to Indiana in 1845, and came to this county in 1855; worked for Mr. Cope about a year. He has been Collector two terms, Justice of the Peace 13 years, and also Pathmaster and School Director; was married to Sarah C. Zimmerman Aug. 30, 1860. She has borne 7 children, 5 of whom are living, — Mary A., David A., Chas. H., Clarence E., and Artie L. David Z. Buchen is engaged in blacksmithing on sec. 25 with" his brother John. He is the son of John and Rachel (Smith) Buchen, and was born in Carroll Co., Ind., March 22, 1842. He came from that State to this county in 1872. He began to learn his trade when 18 years old and has worked at it since. He worked for the Government at Washington, D. C, for 8 months. In 1864 he was married in Manchester, Md., to Hanna Jane Wilhelm, who was born in Baltimore Co., Md., in Nov., 1842. John Buchen, blacksmith, sec. 25 ; P. O., Fiatt ; was born in Carroll county, Md., Jan. 11, 1844. His father, John Buchen, of Carroll county, died in 1852 ; his mother, Rachel, nee Smith, is living in Canton, at the age of about 70 years. Mr. B. worked for the Government 3 years in the city of Washington. He learned his trade on the old homestead in Maryland and has followed it ever since with moderate success. In 1869 he was married to Mary Snider, who was born Feb. 15, 1846. They had a family of 8 chil dren born to them, — 6 -boys and 2 girls. Jacob M. Dickson. — There was born to Uriah W. and Ruth A. (Foster) Dickson, of Canton, 111., on Dec. 12, 1857, a son, the sub ject of this sketch. In this, his native county, he has been reared and educated ; was brakeman on the G, B. & Q,. R. R. for a short time; went to Colorado in '77. He was married March 12, 1879, to Lydia Shleich, daughter of the late Jacob Shleich, of Fairview township. Mrs. D. is a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. Mr. D. is engaged in agricultural pursuits. P. O., Fairview. Matthias D. Dickinson, teacher, son of C. H. and Susan Dickin son, of Deerfield township, was born in Morris county, N. J., Nov. 8, 1852, and came with his parents to Fulton county in '62; received a common-school education in this county, and by industry and economy has borne his own expenses through Hedding College, Abingdon, 111. He is a member of the M. E. Church ; was reared on a farm, but is turning his attention to teaching. P. O., EUis viUe. Martin V. Dunavan, farmer, sec. 27 ; P. O., Fiatt ; was born Aug. 4, 1837, in Fulton county, and is the son of Lewis and Mary (Baughman) Dunavan. His father died in 1878, and his mother in 1857. Mr. D. enlisted in the Second California Cav., in 1862, and engaged in fighting the Indians, principally. In 1866 he was joined in marriage with Isabel Hartford and has a family of children. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 605 Chas. B. Edmonson, farmer and blacksmith, sec. 10; P.O., EUis viUe ; was born in Jackson county, Nov. 29, 1827. He was brought to this county, in 1830, by his parents, who first settled upon Tot ten's Prairie. They now reside in McDonough county. Mr. E. enlisted Aug. 12, 1862, in Co. D, 103d 111. Inf., to help defend our dear old flag and maintain a united country. He was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps ; was sick for a year. He has had the misfortune to have both legs broken, — one October 12, 1865, by a saw-log, the other Nov. 10, 1876, by being kicked by a cow. He was married June 5, 1870, to Rebecca Dyckman, native of Deer field. Two girl's and one boy have blessed the union. Frank F. Fouts was born March 3, 1856, in EUisviUe, 111. His father, George Fouts, is a native of Pennsylvania, and settled in this county in 1852. The subject of this sketch is one of 14 children, 8 of whom are living. His parents were married in the Keystone State, Nov. 14, 1850. His father started for Pike's Peak during the excitement of '59 ; met men homeward bound very much dissatisfied, and returned ; went to Montana and Idaho in '64, re turned via Pike's Peak ; stopped in Utah and worked for the Gov ernment, receiving $140 a month. Frank is engaged in farming and stock-raising with his father. P. O., EUisviUe. Jacob A. Goodell, farmer ; P. O., EUisviUe ; was born in Rocking- " ham Co., Mass., June 23, 1818. He came to this county in 1840, but has resided in Licking and Crawford counties, O. His father, Samuel Goodell, served in the war of 1812, and came to this State in 1838. Mr. G. has served as Constable, Deputy Sheriff, Path- master, and School Director ; was married to Henrietta Kaler, Nov. 1, '42, by whom he had 11 children; is a member of the Christian (New-Light) Church. He amassed considerable wealth at two dif ferent times, but lost all, first, by security debts, second, by fire and trust deed. His grandfather Wooster lived 78 years with one wife, and died at the age of 111 years, 3 months and 10 days. Is a cooper and carpenter by trade, but now follows farming. Nelson S. Johnson, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., Fiatt ; is a son of the late B. C. Johnson ; was born in Joshua township, this county, June 9, '49. His father came to Joshua township in 1832, and hence was one of the first settlers there ; was about the first man who ran for Sheriff of Fulton Co. on the Whig ticket ; and was ten dered 160 acres of land within 2J miles of Canton at one time, for a horse. He was also a self-made teacher, teaching several years in Joshua township. When a little boy he went to Chicago to mill. He began active life with 40 acres of land and a horse, and died wealthy at the age of 58 years, leaving his son N. S., the subject of this sketch, a large farm. Mr. J. is inventor and sole proprietor of Johnson's Pulverizing Harrow arid Clod Smasher, which the farm ers of Deerfield and adjoining townships so highly prize. He has traveled through the West, and attended the Centennial. He was united in marriage Dec. 27, '71 with Dollie Hester, by whom he 606 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. had a little girl, Adda Claudie ; but Providence called her away. Mrs. J. is a member of the M. E. Church. William H. Ketcham, farmer and carpenter, sec. 12; P. 0., Baby lon. On the 14th of May, 1825, there was born to Hiram and Nancy M. (Austin) Ketcham, of New York, a son, whom 'they christened William H. He came first to Peoria Co. with his par ents, thence to Mason Co., and finally to, Fulton. He has been twice married, — the first time to Miss Julia Ann Wagner Nov. 14, 1861. His present wife, Mrs. Catharine (Shaffer) Ackley, he mar ried Mar. 15, 1874. He had 2 children, Maria K. and John Henry, by his first wife, and one by his present wife. She is a member of the Christian (New-Light) Church. Mr. K. helped build Babylon Mills in 1850-1. Job B. Knott, farmer and stock-raiser, sec 10 ; was born near Table Grove, 111., June 25, 1832. His parents came to Ind. in 1828 and to Fulton Co. in 1832. His father, John Knott, is de ceased ; his mother is 84 years old. Job was married to' Civillia . Runk March 23, '56. Nine children have been born to them, — 8 boys, one girl,— 8 of whom are living. Mr. K. was drafted twice during the Rebellion, but never entered the service. He beganlife poor, and although he has lost considerable money by security and suffered other misfortunes, yet he now has 175 acres of good land un incumbered. He has hauled wheat to Chicago with an ox team and sold it for 30 cts. P. O., EUisviUe. Joseph A. Knott is a son of John and Nancy (Miller) Knott, and brother of Job B. Knott, of this county ; was born in Clark Co., 0., Aug, 2, 1826. His parents removed with him to Table Grove, 111., in 1828 and to Deerfield tp. in '32 ; was educated in Fulton Co. in both select and common schools. He served in the Rebellion in Co. D, 55th IU. Inf. ; was wounded in the battle at Shiloh by an ex ploding shell. Mr. K. was united in marriage March 25, '45, with Sarah White, by whom he had 5 children ; was married again June 22, to Abigail (Ketcham) Daily, by whom he also had 5 children. Is a member of the Christian Church. Lived in Iowa 3 years. Traveled in Kansas, Mo., Iowa, and Neb. ; removed to Mo., but re turned without unloading ; didn't like the country. He is now a farmerr formerly a cooper. P. O., EUisviUe. Daniel M. Lawson, farmer ; P. O., EUisviUe ; Mr. L. is a son of James and Elizabeth (Sleighder) Lawson and was born Feb. 16, 1848, in Franklin Co., Pa. ; removed to Fairfield Co., 0., in '64, and to Fulton Co. in '70 : was educated in the common schools of Penn. While riding on the cars near Lancaster, O., the cars ran off the track, a rail breaking and forcing its way through the car in which he was riding; but all escaped uninjured. He was married Aug. 18, 1875, to Mary E. Weaver, daughter of Joshua Weaver, of whom we speak elsewhere in this work. They have two children, Grace G. and Nora E. Mrs. L. is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, 609 , Lewis Martin was born in Germany Sept. 13/36, and was brought to this country by his parents, both of whom are now dead, in 1840. He came into Fulton Co. in 1845. He enlisted Aug. 14, '62, in Co. B, 103d 111. Inf., and served till June 21, 1865. He took part in the battles of Mission Ridge, Savannah and other important engage ments. He was married in Canton in Aug., 1866, to Katharine Mahr. They have been blessed with 4 children, — 3 boys, one girl. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. M. is engaged in farming on sec. 16. P. O., EUisviUe. Nelson G. Mills, farmer, sec. 13 ; P. O., Babylon. Mr. Mills is a native of this .county and was born April 8, 1844. His parents, Gid eon and Emeline (Bishop) Mills, are deceased. Mr. M. served in Co. B, 70th 111. Inf., during the Rebellion, and is now a member of Co. H, 4th I. N. G. Nov. 16, 1871, he was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Jones in Stark Co. She is the daughter of Isaac and Ruth Jones. Isaac N., Henry O. and Ruth E. are their chil dren. Joseph Mitchell, son of Matthew and Jane (Corbit) Mitchell, was born in Indiana July 24, 1826; moved with his parents to Montr gomery county, 111., in 1827, thence to this county in 1838; has been Constable 8 years, School Director 18 years, and also Road Commissioner; married. Janette Pigsley Oct. 15, 1848, by whom he had 11 children, all living, the oldest 30 and the youngest 3 years of age ; four are in Iowa ; Jennie was married to Luther Shaffer Sept. 27, 1877. Mrs. M. is a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church. Mr. M. is engaged in farming and stock-raising. P. O., Fiatt. , Matthew Mitchell, farmer; P. O., Fiatt; is a son of Ebenezer Mitchell, and was born in Franklin Co., O., Aug. 28, 1832; came to this county with his parents in theyear 1850. Mr. M. enjoyed no other educational advantages than those which are afforded in the common schools ; served in the Rebellion in Co. A, 55th 111. Inf., for four years ; was in the battles of Shiloh, Vicksburg and Atlan ta; was married in 1871 to widow Kaler, by whom he has 3 chilr dren,— John W., Minnie J. and Mary M. Mrs., M. had 2 children by her first husband, Joseph S. (deceased), and James H. Both Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church. , Matthew H. Mitchell, farmer and stock-raiser, is the son of, Mat thew and Mary (Freeman) Mitchell, and was born in Montgomery Co., 111., March 17, 1830. His parents came to the State in 1828, and to this county in 1835. Both parents are deceased.. Mr. M. has certainly seen the rough side of pioneer life. The first cabin his father built in this county, was 12 feet square, . They slept on a rail-pen bedstead ; cooked and ate out of doors; their nearest* neigh bor was 10 miles away, and indeed they suffered all the privations of a new country. He was . married -to Calphurnia Wheeler Feb. 11, 1852. She is a native of Jefferson Co.,. NT. Y. They have had 10 children— 6 boys a.nd 4 girls,. Both he .and his wife are con- 37 610 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. nected with the Christian (New-Light) Church. Mr. M. lives on sec. 3; P. O., EUisviUe. Politically he is a Greenbacker, and is the candidate for County Treasurer upon that ticket. James Norris, farmer and miller, sec. 13 ; P. O., Babylon. Mr. N. is the son of Benjamin and Lutetia (Griffith) Norris, and was born in Franklin Co., O., Dec. 23^ 1833. He came to this county in 1854, and in January, 1857, married Mary E. Gardner. This union has resulted in the birth of 8 children, — 5 boys and 3 girls,— all of whom are living with their parents. Mr. N. served a short time in the Rebellion send has held local offices. A. W. Pomeroy, Justice of the Peace; P. O., Fiatt. Mr. P. is a son of Asa and Theodosia (Henry) Pomeroy, and was born Nov, 24, 1821, in Massachusetts. His father was a native of Massachu setts, and died in 1829 ; his mother was born in Utica, N. Y., and is still living there at the age of 95 years. When 10 years old his mother took him to Utica, where he received his education ; remov ed to Albany, N. Y., in 1846, and came to Fulton Co. in 1854; married Elizabeth A. Saulpaugh June 20, 1848, by whom he had 9 children, 5 of whom are living, — Rufus H., Charlotte L., wife of Millard Johnson, Kate L., Jennie S., and Chas. A. Kate began teaching at the age of 17, and has taught 3 years with good success. Mr. and Mrs. P. are members of the F. W. Baptist Church. They lost their house and furniture in the great Albany fire of 1848. Mr. P. passed through the fire uninjured by wrapping blankets around him. Went to California in 1850, and returned in 1852. Mr. P. has filled about all of the township offices. J. W. Schrodt is a native of Germany, where he was born Feb. 3, 1820. He came with his parents to this county, stopping in Mary land, in 1831 ; came to Ohio in 1837 and to this Co. in 1847. Both his parents are deceased. He was formerly engaged at shoe-making, but now turns his attention to farming and stock-raising upon sec. 7. During the year 1847 he was married to Mary K. Mahr, who bore him 10 children, — 7 boys and 3 girls, — 9 of whom are living. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church. Post- office address, EUisviUe. Andrew J. Shepley was born Jan. 19, 1833, in Groton, Mass. His father, Oliver Shepley, brought him to McLean Co., Ill, thence to Fulton Co. in 1840. He was a Jacksonian Democrat. Served in the Legislature in '41, and died in Canton in '64. His mother, Lydia (Lawrence) Shepley, died in this county in '78. Mr. S. was educated in Canton. He* was married to Jane W. Vanarsdale Mar. 9, 1864, by whom he has three children,— Alice A., Adelle and Andrew C. Mr. S. follows agricultural pursuits. P. O., Fairview. John Schnur, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in Germany May 16, 1848, and is the son of John W, Schnur, who brought his family from Germany to Illinois in 1854. Mr. S. came to Fulton county in '68. He received his education in the common schools of Illinois, He was united, in jparriage Sept. 16, '71, with HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, 611 Eva Eheresman. Their children are Nina E. and William A. Mr. and Mrs. Schnur are members of the Lutheran Church. His life has not been very eventful, yet in '69 he came near meeting with terrible death during a railroad accident, by a broken rail which was lying on the track between his body and the car wheel. George Swinger, son of George and Barbara (Dreher) Swinger, was born in Germany Dec. 22, 1836. He came with his parents to the U. S in 1853, and to Fulton Co. in 1861. He has filled several responsible local official positions, but does not seek popularity. On Dec. 24, 1867, he was united in marriage with Cynthia Runk, who has borne him 6 children, — 2 boys and 4 girls, — all of whom are living. Mr. S. is engaged in agricultural pursuits on sec. 16. P. 0., EUisviUe. Philip Tharp, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., Fairview ; is a son of David and Eleanor (Tracy) Tharp, and was born in Perry Co., 0., Sept. 8, 1822 ; removed with his parents to Licking Co., O., in '31, thence to Knox Co., O., in '44, next to Logan Co., O., in '47, and to Fulton Co., 111., the same year ; lived temporarily in Prairie City 6 years to educate his children ;" eceived most of his education at home after marriage; was married in Licking Co., O., Sept. 15, '42, to Hannah Bevard, by whom he had six children, four of whom, John N., Enos, Laura O. and Eliza are living. Both are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. Mrs. Tharp has been in ill health for several years, for the improvement of which they have been traveling in Oregon, California, Washington Ter., and nearly all the Northern and Western States, and also in Canada. Joshua Tompkins, son of J. C. Tompkins, whose biography ap pears in this work, was born in Fulton, Schoharie Co., N. Y., May 22, 1840. He came from New York to this county in 1871 ; was educated in the public schools in his native State. Mr. Tompkins enlisted in the 44th N. Y. Inf. in Oct., 1861, and served nearly '3 years, when he was honorably discharged on account of disability. His father and all his brothers who were old enough for duty — 3 in number, making 5 in all — were in the late civil war. One brother, Jay, about 17 years old, was killed very suddenly by the bursting of a bombshell at Petersburg. Mr. T. was married to Louisa Sheldon in Oct., 1868. A farmer, lives in Deerfield, votes the Re publican ticket. P. O., EUisviUe, 111. /. C. Tompkins was born in Albany Co., N. Y., Aug. 20, 1813; removed to Schoharie Co. in 1836, and to this county in 1867 ; has been Assessor, School Director and Pathmaster; was married in Sept., 1834, to Miss Elizabeth Moshier. Ten children were the re sult of this union, 7 of whom are living. Mr. T. served in Co. K, 2d N. Y. Heavy Artillery, in the late Rebellion ; was in the battle Of the Wilderness, and was present when Lee surrendered. Four of his sons, Joshua, Henry, George and J. also fought for the stars and stripes. Joshua was discharged for disability ; Henry was taken prisoner at the second battle of Bull Run and exchanged; and J,, 612 .HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. .while fighting nobly for his country by his father's side, was in stantly killed by an exploding shell. Mr. T.'s family Bible was owned by his grandfather, Tompkins, and is over 100 years old. He is a farmer and stock-raiser. P. 0., EUisviUe. Thomas G. Turner, farmer ; P. O., EUisviUe ; is a son of Horace and Ann Jane (Higgins) Turner ; was born in Rensellaer Co., N. Y., Oct. 7, 1831; came to this county with his parents in 1838; has held the offices of Road Commissioner, School Director and School Trustee. The old log house is still on the old home place near Canton in which his father and family lived in 1838 ; was married Feb. 18, 1854, to Harriet McKinzie, by whom he has 9 children, — Ida, who is teaching in Iowa, Geo. E., Lillie (teaching in Fulton Co.), Anna, Richard, Josephine, Leonidas and Lenore ; the last two being twins. His father at one time was Representative for Fulton Co. His mother is living in Joshua township. Samuel R. Twining, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., Fiatt; son of Hiram and Lovey (Peas) Twining, was born Jan. 30, 1831, in Licking Co., O. ; removed to Burlington, Iowa, thence back to Lan caster, O., thence to Zanesville, thence to New Philadelphia, 0., and in 1870 to Fulton Co., 111. ; had no other educational advan tages than those furnished by the common schools of Ohio. Was called out with the militia during Morgan's raid in Ohio; Was married Sept. 13, 1855, to Sarah E. Overstreet, by whom he has two boys, — Clarence W. and Edwin H. Mr. and Mrs. T. are mem bers of the M. E. Church. He has traveled through the West and South, and at one time was on a steamer that sank 25 miles below St. Louis, and remained on the part that was above water (for the water was shallow) until the next day. John W. Utsinger was born in Fulton county Dec. 26, 1852. His father, Daniel Utsinger, was born in Germany and settled in Fulton county at an early day. The subject of this sketch is a farmer and stock-raiser ; also does his own blacksmithing ; has been Constable, and is the present Collector ; has never been out of Illi nois. In 1875 he came near losing his life in a well containing what is commonly known as damps, while rescuing some men who had made the attempt to rescue a boy who went down after his hat which had fallen in. One man, Joseph Crowl, died in the well. Is one of the building committee of the Wiley church, erected this •year (1879). P. O., EUisviUe. Nathaniel C. Vaughn was born Jan. 2, 1822, in Madison county, O. His parents removed with him to Knox county, Pa., in '28, where in '29 all that was near and dear to him, his parents and all his brothers and sisters, were brutally murdered by the treacherous Seliqua Indians; while he, with some other children were taken from the fort and carried into captivity. After seven years of In dian life, where he was well educated in archery, he was rescued by a Mr. Welch, a trapper, who got permission to keep the boy one moon, and again two moons at another time, until he finally stole him HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 613 away/riding in the night for three nights in succession, and lying concealed in day-time. He stayed with Mr. Gran wood that .winter and removed to Ohio with Silas Underwood in '42, and in '50 went to Indiana, thence to Kansas in '58, from there to Fort Kearney, Neb., and returned to Kansas in '59. He enlisted, June 3, 1861, in Co. F, 1st Kansas Inf., and served 3 years in the Rebellion ; was in the battles of Wilson Creek, Mulligan's Defeat, Stone River and Shiloh; was married in April, '66, to Barbara Wilson, by whom he has two little boys. He is now farming on the farm of J. C. Tomp kins. Although he is a strong Republican he is a member of the M. E. Church, South. As a result of his early Indian training, he is the best marksman in Deerfield township, and we doubt if there be another as good in Fulton county. P. O., EUisviUe. John T. Vittum, son of D. W. Vittum, jr., and Ellen (Tarlton) Vittum, of Canton, was born near Canton Oct., 6, '54 ; was edu cated in Canton. He is the present (1879) Supervisor for Deerfield township; was married May 30, '77, to Murcey Craig, of Joshua township. Mr. Vittum's great-grandmother lives in Mass., and is 99 years old. The subject of this sketch is a farmer, and deals largely in stock. Politically he is a Democrat. Like most young married boys, he goes quite often to see father and mother, and con sequently passes Fiatt and Cuba and gets his mail in Canton. Joshua Weaver is a son of the , late William Weaver, of Fulton county, and was born Dec. 31, 1820, in Greene county, Pa. ; came to this county with his parents in April, 1835. His father on arriving here purchased the land entered by Robert Reeves, who was the first settler in Deerfield township, on the tract of land known as Reeves' Prairie. Mr. W. has been Pathmaster, Assessor and Super visor; also School Director, 20 years; was married April 14, '42, to Mary A. Dykeman, by whom he had 3 children. He was again married Oct. 21, '51, this time to Eliza A. Martin, by whom he has 4 children, 3 of whom are married and living in this • county, viz : Mary E., Harmon and James A. Both Mr. and Mrs. W. are mem bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in which Mr. W. has been Elder 23 years, and has been sent twice to the General Assem bly: first to Memphis, Tenn., in 1857, next to Huntsville, Ala., in 73; has been crippled with rheumatism for 20 years and has travel ed in 15 States for the benefit of his health. His father was born in Lancaster, Pa., and died in this county,sApril 11, '79, at the age of 88 years. The father of Mrs. Weaver, John H. Martin, was Clerk and Judge of the first election for county officers in Fulton county, and the pen with which he wrote was made from a quill which Mrs. Totten took from a goose on the morning of the elec tion, and the poll-book was a fly-leaf from Mrs. Totten's Bible. Mr. W. is a farmer and stock-raiser. P. O., EUisviUe. Mirvin Wheeler. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren Co., N. Y., Jan. 15, 1813; moved with his parents to Jefferson 614 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. county, N. Y., in 1824, where he spent the most of his early life and where he married Polly A. Hoselton, Feb. 10, '33, who is also a native of N. Y. Eight children are the result of this union, 5 of whom are living, — Calphurnia, Sally, Myron, Reuben A. and Em eline. Mr. and Mrs. W. are working members of the Christian (New-Light) Church; is a carpenter and joiner by trade, but is farming at present. Has worked at ship-building. Mr. W. had nothing to commence with, but went to work with a will, and when he arrived at Canton, 111., in 1850, had but 85 dollars ; now he owns a large farm. Is mail contractor from Fiatt to Cuba. P. 0., Fiatt. Nathaniel White, farmer, sec. 4 ; P. O., EUisviUe ; was born in Licking Co., O., March 1, 1833. He came to this county with his parents, Willis and Elizabeth (Berry) White, when five years of age. In 1850, during the great gold excitement, he went overland to California. He mined for three months and for some time was en gaged in the provision business. He returned by ship to New York, thence home. Mr. W. was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Prichard, daughter of an early pioneer, and a native of Ful ton Co., May 16, 1858. The union has been blessed with 6 chil dren, — 3 girls and 3 boys. While in Cal. he in a company of about 500 started across San Francisco Bay for the Gold Bluffs, but when fajr out in the Bay the vessel sprang a leak, and their lives were saved only by casting all their mules and other cargo overboard, and by all bands bailing out water with their gold buckets. SUPERVISORS. J. M. Martin 1850 Conrad Markley 1871 J. J. Webber 1851-52 Jacob Kreider 1873 Martin Judy 1853 M. H. Mitchell 1874 Joseph Sparks 1854 Joshua Weaver 1875-76 U. W. Dickson; 1855-62 Conrad Markley 1877 Conrad Markley 1863-65 Joshua Weaver 1878 TJ. W. Dickson 1867-70 John T. Vittum 1879 — TOWN CLERKS. Samuel Glass 1859-73 L. B. A.ult 1878 L. B. Ault : 1874-76 John T. Rockhold 1879 John T. Rockhold 1877 , ASSESSORS. TJ. W. Dickson 1859-60 Owen Gagon 1871 Conrad Markley 1861-62 J. C. Tompkins 1873 John Rose 1867 Conrad Markley 1874-76 Conrad Markley 1868 John M. Mahr 1877 A. C. Markley 1869 Conrad Markley 1878 Conrad Markley 1870 Levi Brown 1879 COLLECTORS. M. H. Mitchell 1859-61 Samuel Glass 1870-71 L- B. Ault :....-. 1862-65 J. P.Walters 1873-74 Willard Smith 1866 John M. Mahr 1875-76 Dennis Bush 1867 C. L. Mahr 1877-78 Wm. Myers 1868-69 John W. Utsinger 1879 ELLIS VILLE TOWNSHIP. The life of Levi D. Ellis, the founder of the village of EUisviUe, is so completely interwoven with the history of this township that we deem a short personal sketch of him important in this connection. He was born in South Carolina in the year 1789, and a half-orphan, his father having died before his birth. At the age of thirteen he went to Tennessee, leaving his friends behind, who however joined him two years thereafter. From there he moved to Illinois, stop ping near Belleville ; from there to where Springfield now stands, ' which was at that time a wilderness. Mr. Ellis here cut the first tree for the first cabin ever erected in the capital city. He came to Fulton county in 1838, and located in Joshua township, his being the seeond family in the township. Here he built a mill. In 1828 he moved to this township and erected the first house in the town ship on the site of the present town of EUisviUe.- In 1829 he erected - the first mill on Spoon river. Mr. Ellis had a family of eight sons and one daughter. During the Winnebago Indian war he built a fort near Canton, where he kept his family and neighbors in garrison for six weeks. He died after a useful career in March, 1855. The village of EUisviUe was founded in 1830. It was at one time a great center for business. The people for forty miles around came here to have their grain ground and do their trading. But this prosperity was banished on the construction of the C, B. & Q. Rail road. The remains of an Indian village, just across Spoon river from EUisviUe and upon section 32, was to be seen for several years after the first settlers came in. There have been two' Churches organized in the township, — the Methodist Episcopal and United Presbyterian. The dates of or ganization are not positively known, as the records could not be obtained, and both organizations are almost extinct. There is a union Sunday-school, and services every Sunday ; but neither con gregation employs a minister. The church edifice was erected in 1850, by the United Presbyterians, and was subsequently sold to the Metho dists by James Shear, who had a mechanic's lien upon it. The Pleasant Hill United Brethren Church, more commonly known as the Vinegar Hill Church, was organized in Feb., 1875, by T. T. Parvin, with 14 members. Services are held here every two weeks in " Vinegar Hill School-house." The present membership number 616 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, The EUisviUe mill, which was known far and wide, was re-built in 1869 by Sheckler Bros. & Co., who have also added a saw-mill to it. The capacity of the mill at present is 75 barrels in 24 hours. The first school-house in the township was built in 1840, and Chas. O. Nickerson was the first teacher. There are are now three school buildings in the township. The EUisviUe iron bridge, erected by the King Bridge Company, of Cleveland, O., over, Spoon river in 1876, consists of one span 240 feet long. It is the longest- single-span wagon-bridge' in the State, and is said to be the best. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Brief personal sketches of the leading citizens of the, township are an interesting portion of its history. . J. M. BeU, son of Geo. and Mary (Stewart) Bell, of Virginia, was born Jan. 14, 1828, in Morgan. Co.,; Ohio: He is a prominent teacher in this county, and was educated at Sharon, O, He entered upon his chosen profession in 1850, which he has successfully fol lowed until the present, resting but one year in the entire 29 years; removed to Iowa in 1853, where he engaged in teaching, and where in 1854 he very successfully taught one of his pupils the science of . matrimony, in the person of Nancy A. Ham. They returned to Ohio in 1857, and in 1859 he taught the school in which he receiv ed his education; returned to Iowa in 1860, and in 1863 removed to this county. Has been farming in the summer season for the past 4 years. They have had 7 children. Angus F. was killed by light ning on the evening of Oct. 8, 1878, then 19 years old. George M., the eldest son, received part of his education in Lewistown, III, and has been teaching very successfully for 2 years. He is also Fourth Sergeant in Co. K, 4th regiment 111. National Guards. An other son, Pressley, is also a member of the same. Simon B. Beer, physician and surgeon, EUisviUe, is a. son of the late William Beer,, of Joshua township, and was born in that town ship Sept.- 29, 1837. His mother, Rachel Beer, nee Burns, is a na tive of New York, and is 84 years old. The subject of this sketch was educated at Prairie City Academy and Abingdon College, and is a graduate of the Eclectic Medical College, of Cincinnati, 0.. He served as First Lieutenant in Co. B, 103d:IU. Inf., in the Rebellion; resigned his commission in 1864; was drafted the same year; he employed a substitute at a cost of $800, and the officers accepted the substitute but also kept Mr. B., and he and substitute were com pelled to serve until 1865. He entered the teachers' field at the age of 18 years, and remained in that profession 12 years. In 1867, after receiving his medical education, began the practice of medicine, in which profession he is still engaged. As a physician he has. been very successful, and is noted for his reasonable charges during these hard times ; wag Supervisor of Young Hickory township 3 years. He was married August 21, 1871, to Ellen Smith of Fairview I HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 617 township, by whom he has a little girl, — Lulu Maud. He is a mem ber of the Hampden Purple Ribbon Movement and also a temper ance lecturer. Joshua Culver, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 7 ; P. O., St. Augus tine.; was born in Essex Co., N. Y., Sept. 11, 1824, and is the son of John and Nancy (Mills) Culver ; the former is a descendant of one of the Pilgrim Fathers. His grandfather, , was so much oppressed by the British that he escaped by swimming 5 miles and stealing his way on an American vessel, and was thus landed on the shores of freedom. Our subject was married Oct. 8, 1859, to Emily Fisher, daughter of Thomas Fisher, who served in the Black Hawk war. Mrs.' Culver's grandmother, Peterson, made bullets all night one time at the beginning of the war in 1832. Mr. C. served in the Rebellion in Co. H, 32d 111. Inf. He enlisted Oct. 15, 1864, discharged. Sept. 16, 1865. ^Grandmother Fisher lives with her daughter. They have but one child, John T., born Aug. 24,1867. Foster A. Fisk is a son of Levi and Mary A. (Bacon). Fisk and was born in Martinsburg, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1821, and received a common- school education in that State ; moved to Constantia, N. Y., in '36 ; and in '44 came to Fulton county. Mr. F. was united in marriage July 3, '46, with Harriet E. Bliss, who bore him 9 children, 8 boys and 1 girl. Emma is married to John Mott, and living near Fort Scott, Kan. Delbert C. is also married, and is a druggist in Leroy, 111. Mr. F. served in the late Rebellion, in the Carpenters' Corps ; was Road Commissioner 8 years ; also served as School Director, and School Trustee about the same length of time. He, in company with some neighbors, opened a mound near EUisviUe a few years ago in which they found two stone hatchets and a copper camp- kettle. He carries on farmiqg, but works at the chair and cabinet business himself at EUisviUe. . John Fouts, farmer and wagon-maker, EUisviUe, was born in Huntingdon county, Pa., Feb. 18, 1826, and is the son of Michael and Elizabeth (Kuhn) Fouts; the former is living in Iowa, and the 'latter is dead. He is twin brother to the father of Frank F. Fouts, of Deerfield, whose biography appears in this work. His uncle William Andyke, in about the year 1823 walked from Philadelphia, Pa., to Pittsburg, where. he procured a canoe and rowed down the Ohio river to. its mouth, thence up the Mississippi river to St. Louis, which was then just a French trading post. From St. Louis he rowed on and entered the mouth of the Illinois river, and up this stream to its head, and there abandoned his canoe and walked across to Chicago, which was, as St. Louis, a French trading post. From Chicago he traveled on foot across the wilderness to Philadelphia. He stopped and explored caves on the journey, and also drew a map of the country, and some very fine landscape views (for he was an artist). He was a native of Germany. Mr. F. came to this county in 51, by river, crossing the Alleghany mountains in a boat, pulled 618 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. by mountain R. R. engines. Has been School Director, Collector and Constable; married Sarah McCracken, Dec. 11, .'56, by whom he had 12 children, 9 of whom are living and all at home; both are members of the Christian Church. Francis R. Frey. — The subject of this sketch was born in Union county, Pa., July 30, 1840, and is the son of Charles and Sarah (Ritter) Frey, of that State. He moved to Nebraska in '66, where he resided 3 years, and in '69 came to Illinois, and '70 removed to Kansas and remained there 6 years when he returned to this county and resides in EUisviUe. He enlisted Sept. 7, '61, in Co. E, 51st Pa. Inf., and re-enlisted Jan. 1, '64, and remained until the close of the war. He was married Jan. 9, '72, in Marysville, Kan., to Adda M. Stout. He has no children, but Mrs. F. has one little girl by her first husband. He is a Lutheran and she is Catholic. Mr. F. was a miller for Sheckler Brothers & Co. in '69, and was employed by them on his return from Kansas, which situation he still. holds. Alpheus W. Goodridge. — He of whom we now speak was born Feb. 2/1832,. in Windsor county, Vt., and is the son of Jason and Caroline (Willard) Goodridge, wbo removed with their son to York State in '36, and in '55 came to Fulton county and settled in EUis viUe tp., where they still live. His father was born in Westmin ster, N. Y., June 26, 1801 ; practiced medicine 30 years in Ver mont. The powder-horn and gun that his great-grandfather took from a dead British soldier at the battle of Bennington, are still in the Goodridge family. Mr. G. has been Road Commissioner 12 years, Town Clerk and is Secretary of the I. O. O. F. of Ellisville. He was married Dec. 31, '56,. to Sophia Torrey, by whom he had 4 children. He was left a widower, and he was again married, March 9, '71, to Margaret Freer, daughter of Abraham Freer, who is liv ing with his son-in-law, at the age of 77 years. Mr. G. has 3 chil dren by his second wife. He was formerly a distiller, but is now engaged in farming. Is a member of the Ellisville Cornet Band. P. O., Ellisville. - William E. Haines, physician and surgeon, Ellisville. Dr. H. is a son of Wm. E. and Ellen M. (Cheyney) Haines, of Pennsylvania, and was born in Chester Co., Pa., July 2:,_ 1839 ; received most of his education in the New London Academy, and graduated in the medical department of the University of Pa. in '67;. came to Illinois on a visit in '61, and while here, enlisted in Co. G, 11th HI. Cavalry, and served during the rebellion ; was in the battles of Shiloh, Vicks burg and other important engagements; was taken prisoner at Cor inth, and was released in six weeks ; went with Sherman on his famous march to the sea. The Doctor was married March 19, 1867, to Mary Anna Starr, in Philadelphia, Pa., by whom he has two girls, —Mary E. and Jennie S. Mrs. H. is a member of the Quaker (Friends) Church. The Dr. first practiced his profession six months in the Philadelphia Hospital, at the end of which time he came to Ellisville, and began practice here, and has merited, and received a HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 619 large practice, the records of which will compare favorably with any physician in the country. Madison Head, son of John and Rhoda, (Baker) Head, natives of New York, was born in Tompkins Go., N. Y., Jan. 13, 1829. He was educated in the Mecklenburg high school ; removed to Steuben county, N. Y., in '53, and to Fulton county in '65 ; removed to Avon in '60, where he engaged in the practice of law until '77, when he returned to his farm in Ellisville township, sec. 6. His career in the legal profession has been one of continued success for 20 years, but weak lungs drove him to abandon his chosen profession, although he still attends to a few cases for old friends. His grandfather Head was a native of Conn. He was married Jan. 15, '51, to Sarah Soule, who died in August, '64. He married again Aug. 21, '65, to Mary E. Wright, daughter of Daniel N. Wright. They had a girl and boy; Myra, born Dec. 7,' 73, and an infant. P. O., Avon. David Hogsett was born Dec. 8, 1823, in Rockingham Co., Va., and is the son of James and Elizabeth (Munse) Hogsett, who were both natives of Virginia. His parents removed with him to High land Co., Ohio, in 1829, and to Fulton county in 1837. He re ceived his education at home, never having attended a public or select school. He was a soldier in the Mormon war ,and saw Smith about three hours before his death ; went overland to California in 1850, and returned in '55, and in '56 married Miss M. Hosselkuf : Wm. N., born Oct. 9, '58, is their only child. He is a graduate of the Gem City Business College, of Quincy, 111. Mr. H. again crossed the plains to California in '63 and engaged in mining, and collected several thousands of dollars together and returned in '68, settling in the quiet village of Ellisville. He did not cross the plains with out privations and suffering ; at one time he traveled on an allow ance of 3 biscuits a day, and a stranger . came along in a suffering condition and Mr. H. divided his only ,biscuit with him. Mr. H. owns a farm near Ellisville. George Lemon, farmer, sec. 1 9 ; P. O., Ellisville ; was born in Alleghany Co., Pa., March 14, 1840, and Is the son of David and Elizabeth (Ramaley) Lemon ; the former was also a native of Pa. Beceived a common-school education in the Keystone State, and enlisted Aug. 11, '62, in Co. F, 139th Pa. Inf., served during the Rebellion, and was discharged June 21, 1865. On the 13th of June, 1867, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Margaret Speer, daughter of Thomas Speer, who came to this county in '56, and still lives in this township. They have four children, and their names are Perry D., Mary R., Nancy E. and Amanda J. Mr. and Mrs. L. are members of the United Brethren Church. Mr. L. lived in Grasshopperdom (Kansas), from 1871 to '74. James N. Moore, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 31 ; P. O., Ellis ville. The subject of this, sketch was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Jan. 10, 1817. His parents, John and Mary H. (Lyon) Moore, died in New York. He was educated in part in the common schools 620 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of N. Y., and attended the first school in Galesburg, which was styled an Academy, with Nehemiah Losey, principal. He attended one session of court in the old log court-house in Knox county. Has been School Director, School Trustee, Road Overseer, Road Comr., and Supervisor. He was married Oct. 2, '43, to Catharine Hand, by whom he had 5 children ; she died in '51, and he. married Lydia Carrier, Sept. 22, '53. His son Henry L. is married and liv ing in Ellisville. Mr. and Mrs. M. are members of the Sweden- borgian Church. Charles B. Reed. The subject of this personal sketch was born to James and Elizabeth (Beer) Reed in Wayne Co., O., Oct. 30, '23. His parents removed with their family to Beaver Co., Pa., in 1826, and to Fulton Co. in '3$ ; was educated in the common schools of the Keystone State and of this county. He experienced much sick ness for 3 years after first settling here. He was married May 20, 1848,. to Martha Terrell, in Fairview. Two boys and 9 girls are the result of this union, seven of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. R. are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is farming at present, but is a carpenter by trade. P. O., Ellisville. Charles F. Robison, son of Marvin and Almira (Vandercar) Rob- ison of New York, was born Jan. 1, 1843, in Arcadia, N. Y. ; his father died in California in 1863, and his mother lives in that State at present. Mr. R. when but three years old was brought by his parents to Woodstock, (now Avon) Fulton Co. He is a graduate of Knox College, and also graduated in Bryant & Stratton's Com mercial College, in the unprecedented short period of 8 weeks, which is the shortest time on record, of graduating in that or any other first-class Commercial College.; served in Co. D, 1st 111. Cav., during the Rebellion ; has taught school several years, and was principal of the Ellisville schools a short time ; went to California in '52. and returned in '58. He again crossed the plains to the Golden State in '63, and returned in '66 and took one of Illinois' fair ones to the far-off' Pacific coast. While there he was book keeper and head salesman for Vanwinkle & Co., two years; was merchant and importer 8 years, and was Captain of Co. A, 1st Cal. National Guards Cavalry ; also traveled to Mexico, South America and the Sandwich Islands. He returned with family to 111. in '71. Has been a member of the State Legislature for 4 years ; is an at torney at law and Notary Public, and is present Corporation Attor ney for Ellisville. His wife, Mary L. (Howell) Robison, of Union township, has borne him 2 children, Almira P. and Marvin T. _ Thomas Ross, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 17; P.O., Ellisville; was born in Champaign Co., O., Oct. 12, 1818, and is the son of Mitchell and Mary (Stockton) Ross, of Delaware. His grandfather Ross was one of the famous Ross brothers, who at one time owned the fast horses of Delaware. The old gentleman contracted his last illness while lying by his horse to prevent some enemy from poison ing it, which was practiced very much in those days. His father HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 621 was a teamster in the war of 1812, and on one occasion left the fort the morning previous to the killing of all in garrison by the enemy; has been School Director 17 years; was married March J., 1838, to Mary C. Carson, by whom he had 6 children. He was left a wid ower in 1852, and on Feb. 23, '53 he was married to Eliza J. Van- winkle, who bore him 5 children. Of all his children 8 are living, five married, and one, Stockton J., is a successful school-teacher. They are Predestinarian Baptists. . Daniel Sheckler, brother of David Sheckler, of Ellisville, whose biography also appears in this work, was born in Union Co., Pa., March 27, 1825, and received a common-school education in that country ; came to Ellisville in '54, near which he still lives. Has been Assessor four terms, and was Supervisor 10 years. He was married Mar. 24, '50, to Mary Henning, who has presented him with 11 children, 9 of whom are living. Winfield S. is in Califor nia. Mr. and Mrs. S. are Presbyterians. He is a carpenter and joiner by trade, but is farming at present. David Sheckler, of the firm of Sheckler Bros. & Co., millers, Ellisville, is a son of Adam and Elizabeth (Struble) Sheckler, and was born in Union Co., Pa., Aug. 5, 1836; was educated in the common schools of his native State ; moved to Mercer Co., Pa., in 1852, and to Fulton Co. in 1862. Sept. 21, 1857, he was united in marriage with Lydia Struble in Mercer Co., Pa. The fruits of this union are 10 children, 8 of whom are living, and all at home. Mr. S. has been engaged in the milling business since 1869. He was formerly a carpenter. D. B. Smith, grocer, Ellisville. D. B. Smith is a son of Anson and Mercey M. Smith, and was born in Huron Co., O., >March 7, 1832. Although his parents bore the same name before they were married, they were not related. He came to this county with them in 1837, and received a common-school education here. His father died in 1865, but his mother is still living with him at the age of 70 years. He was united in marriage in October, 1857, with Han nah Wiard, in Avon, by whom he had 3 children, two of whom are living, — Anson and Lincoln. Mr. S., as the date infers, has been in Illinois over 47'years. He at one time knew every man in Ful ton county ; spent 3 years in Montana prospecting ; owns three lead claims there yet. James A. H. Speer ; post-office address, Ellisville. Mr. S. is a son of Thomas and Nancy (Lemon) Speer, of Ellisville town ship, and was born in Alleghany Co., Pa., Dec. 5, 1827 : was edu cated -in the Mercantile College at Pittsburg, Pa., and came to this county in 1856. His grandfather Speer was of Scotch-Irish descent, and was born and raised in Pennsylvania. He served in the Re bellion, enlisting in Aug., 1861, in Co. A, 47th 111. Inf., and was discharged Oct. 26, 1865; has filled the offices of School Director, Commissioner of Highways, and was Assessor 12 years; was mar ried June 12, 1871, to Mary O. Welch, daughter of Joseph Welch, 622 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. of Young Hickory township. They have had 5 children, 4 of whom are living, — Elva, Monima, Gail and an infant. He has traveled through t^e West, South and Southwest. He is a' painter by pro fession but is now farming; TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a full and complete list of the Supervisors, Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving in this township since its organization : SUPERVISORS. G. S. Curtis 1850 Anson Smith 1851-62 J. E. McNair , 1863 G. W. Fox 1864-66 Daniel Shackler 1867-76 James N. Moore 1877 Irving C. Fox 1878-79 TOWN CLERKS. John Reynolds 1850 C. P. Boorn 1851 John Reynolds 1852 C. P. Boorn 1853-60 D. B. Smith 1861-62 J. W. Dodds 1863-64 0. H. Bliss 1865-66 T. D. Griffith 1867-72 I.C. Fox 1873-75 T. D. Griffith 1876-79 ASSESSORS. S. H. Sivley 1850-51 T. F. Jarrel: 1852 James N. Moore 1853-54 Chandler Hollister 1855 Daniel Sheckler 1856-59 G. W. Fox 1860-61 O. F. Curtis 1862 Wm. McCracken 1863-64 J. M. Wiard 1865 M. W. Cozad 1866 J. A. H. Speer 1867-70 W. P. Garrison 1871 J. A. H. Speer 1872-79 COLLECTORS. S. H. Sivlev 1850-51 Wm. Herriot 1852 Thomas Bell 1853-54 S. H. Sivley 1855-59 O. D. Carpenter 1860-62 John Fouts 1863-64 M. W. Cozad 1865 William Smith 1866 N. Crutz 1867 Wm. Kirkendall 1868-69 D.B.Smith 1870 John Wallick 1871 D. B. Smith 1872-79 FAIRVIEW TOWNSHIP. Matthias Swegle was the first settler to locate, in this beautiful townshir. He came from New Jersey and settled at the head of Swegle creek in 1829. He was a very large man and of but little education. He attended school here after he located in the town ship. He was a pupil of Mr. Morris when he weighed 340 pounds. When he first started to school his oldest child was 22 years old. He was in the spelling class with his younger children and would take his place among the little fellows as they stood up to spell. He attended school about three months. He was a generous, public- spirited man, and as Peter Pumyea's house was the house of the average Jerseyman, so was Matthias Swegle's that of the itinerant Methodist persuasion. He made a wooden cannon during the Black Hawk war to frighten the Indians with. He was the first Justice of the Peace. Among the early settlers were John Hall, who settled on section 7 ; Moses Johnson, who located on 7, east and adjoining Hall ; Jerrod Lyons located on section 8 ; Wesley Cope upon 6 ; and others. As the history of the town is so closely identified with that of the township we proceed to give a sketch of it : • ^ FAIRVIEW. The eldest son of Richard Addis (spoken of in the history of Canton, whose name was also Richard), lived for many years in Fairview tp., then only a wilderness, and induced his cousin, Peter Pumyea, through correspondence, to visit this State in 1835. This year was the beginning of the great internal-improvement system of the State and at a time when speculation ran rife, and also a year when the cholera prevailed. Then many persons were almost at the point of death from an imaginary contact, but being assured that the supposed infectious party had no real cholera, were almost im mediately restored to health. Nevertheless the fever of specula tion seized Mr. Pumyea, and he was induced to sell out and move West. In the spring of 1836, with four good teams and well filled wagons, started for Illinois, and after nearly two months of arduous travel arrived in Fulton county, where he purchased of S. Dyer the property long occupied by himself and family as the homestead faim. Upon this place at that time was erected a double staked and 624 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ridered cabin, one of the largest size and deemed by many of that day an extravagant mansion ; and upon its being raised two logs all around to meet the requirements of the family and visitants, ena bling a person to stand erect, the exclamation went forth that " Peter Pumyea was too proud for this country." And when he added improvements on the farm, among them a "horse rake," it was regarded as a great innovation. The early preachers would discourse valiantly upon the evils of pride, even to the exent that superfluous buttons upon the tails of coats could and should be dis pensed with. This sort of preaching, however, soon proved to be unpopular and behind the age of progress and a better state of civ ilization. Too, all persons not in full sympathy with the dominant sect were styled " Campbellites." They were also often dubbed " Blue-bellied Yankees." Through repeated correspondence with their friends in the East, although letter postage was then 25 cents, a desire was awakened in many to better their condition by coming West. To take advan tage of the circumstances of that time, when immigration was large, Moses Hall and Benjamin Foster put their lands upon the market, by conceiving and coalescing with others in the laying out of a town. Accordingly in the year 1837 they laid out the original town of Fairview, which was added to upon the west by Peter Pumyea arid Richard Davis. Jonas Rawalt did the surveying. The town was first called Utica, but as there was already a town by that name in the county, its name was changed to Fairview. The survey of the town was made by Jonas Rawalt, who now resides in Orion tp. The town was started and the way was thus opened and every inducement given to mechanics and tradesmen to locate here. Lots were set apart for certain religious sects to occupy, and as Rev. A. D. Wilson was sent out in the year L837 as a missionary in the in terest of the Dutch Reformed Church, it secured a very nice loca tion. In order to meet the anticipated growth that was expected to follow the founding of the Church, Rev. Wilson and Peter Pumyea were selected to go back East and solicit donations, and we find a credit upon Mr. Pumyea's book of $449 collected by him, mostly in small amounts ; and through the strenuous efforts of Cornelius Wyckoff, sr., John G. Voorhees, Richard Davis, Rev., Wilson and many others, the plan of a building was. carried out sufficient to meet every future contingency as to increase of population. For a time the influx of immigration was considerable, and prior to the time of the era of railroads, Fairview was as good a business point as any town in the county. It then had several pork-packing establishments, and many stores and grain warehouses, which have long since been but little used ; and what was once an incentive to capitalists to encourage and promote has long since lost its charms. Many claimed that this was the result of the selfishness of certain would-be aspirants and tenacity of some to hold and keep the offices and the Church ascendancy, and arrogating to themselves the em- && (2& <2&U&*«*. FAIRV/EW HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 627 bodiment of all good. That the preponderance of influence has been derogatory to railroads, is true, as it would necessitate a change of population and sentiment, and, as is claimed that many as serted, "its corrupting influence;" thus counteracting and over balancing the zeal and energy of those who made every effort to obtain a railroad, and avert the present situation. But a better feel ing now prevails, and Fairview will soon have a railroad, thereby opening up a way for capital and enterprise to come in and assist those already here in developing the resources, and opening up the vast mines of coal underlying this entire section. While for a time the " Jersey element" was regarded with con siderable jealousy and suspicion, and on the principle that "like begets like," the drawing of one imaginary State line would tighten that of another, and consequently there was for a time very little interchange of opinion and sentiment. Yet we find that as early as 1838 the "Jersey element" is recognized by the township choosing Bichard Davis, Elijah Morton, Moses C. Johnson, Jonathan Mark- ley, and Asa Shreeves School Trustees, and Peter Pumyea Treas urer. The latter retained the treasurership and other town offices until his death in 1850. We find upon a school schedule a certificate by Joshua Cooper for two sessions in the year 1838, the following families represented in the Richard Addis neighborhood, viz: northeast of Fairview village — Foster, Leeker, Davis, Tipton, Williamson, Addis, and Martin. The teacher received for his services $13.95. In 1840 we find added to the. above list Barlow, Denison, Hickman, Romine and Kelsey. In the Fairview District taught by Abraham Gulick there are represented in 1839, the following families : Groenendyke, Martin, Vorhees, Wilson, Wyckoff, Davis, Gilmore, Prumyea, Dar- land, Hagaman and Polhemus. School commenced April 8, and ended Saturday, June 14, 1839, and the amount paid teacher was $28.91. We find that the school in the west neighborhood, taught by Beuben F. Markham, commenced Dec. 7, 1840, and was closed April 22, 1841. There were five families sending children to this school : Therman, Hughbanks, Cope, Johnson and Green, and at $2 per scholar. The teacher's services amounted to $24.25, and the teacher's certificate was certified to by Edward Therman and Jacob Shellen berger, "employers." '< _ In the Swegle district school, taught by Richard M. Jones, be ginning July 23, 1838, the following families were represented : James, Swegle, Overman, Gray, Burnett, Drum, Shreeves, Johnson, Flowers, Dunn and Smith. The sum of $19 was paid for the ser vices of the teacher during the quarter. In the Fairview Academy taught by S. S. Cornwell, we find the following persons in attendance : Suydam, Voorhees, Davis, Martin, Sweeney, Pumyea, Gray, VanArsdale, Foster, Ward, Davis, Lamb, Wilson, Gilmore, Rockafellow, Mummerst, Foster, Ward, Sweeny, 37 628 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Teethworth, Hagaman, Voorhees, Darling, Wyckoff, Polhemus Hickman and Addis. During the next term added to these were Gafney, Laturrette, Young, Weaver and Berger. A certificate was made out as due from each scholar the sum of $2, and signed by G. Groenendyke, Benj. Darling and Simon B. Suydam, Direct ors. Almost all of these names have become familiar over the county. The younger people have grown up any are to-day classed among the best and wealthiest people of the county. Henry B. Evans kept the first store in the town. The first death that occurred was a child by the name of Hagaman. The town is beautifully situated. Fairview Church. — Upon the 19th of August, 1837, a public meeting was held in the town of Fairview at the house of Daniel Groenendyke to make some move toward establishing a Church. Peter Pumyea was called to preside, and John S. Wyckoff was ap pointed secretary. At this time there were less than half a dozen families living in the infant village and it platted in the midst of the wilderness, where bloomed the wild roses of the prairie, and, unmolested, roamed the deer and the antelope. Application was made to the Synod of the Reformed Church to be furnished with a preacher. Oct. 3, 1837, Rev. A. D. Wilson, from New Brunswick, N. J., arrived at Fairview, being sent to see if a Church could be established. On the 16th the Reformed Church of Fairview was organized by Rev. Wilson. The organization consisted of 8 mem bers, with John S. Wyckoff and Clarkson Van Nostrand as Elders and Aaron D. Addis as Deacon. This was the first organization of this religious denomination west of the Alleghany Mountains, and is truly styled " the parent Church of the West." Rev. Wilson then returned to his home in the East, and left the congregation without a pastor or a church building. But the people were zealous and steadfast, and from Sunday to Sunday assembled for prayer and praise. These meetings were generally led by Capt. John S. Wyckoff, who is the only one living of the original members. During all this time the little band was sending up the Mace donian cry to their friends in the East to come and help them. The matter was laid before the Church authorities in convention assem bled, and the cry arose, " who will go ?" No one, as he contem plated the privations and hardships incident to pioneer life, had a desire to endure them. For a time silence reigned. . At last a voice arose in that assembly saying : " The child born in the, wilderness shall not be left to perish alone. If no one else can be found I will go." This was the voice of Rev. A. D. Wilson, who the fall previous had organized the congregation, but had no expectation or desire to move West, being pleasantly situated among his congre gation at North Branch, N. J: But when this noble man of God found no one willing to respond to the call he determined to go him self; so bid adieu to his beloved home and came here, arriving in July, 1838, and immediately entered upon bis life labor. Meetings HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 629 at this ' time were held in a log cabin, formerly a blacksmith shop, standing upon the lot occupied by the residence of John Pfeiffer. This structure was not only used for Church purposes, but for all public meetings and as a school-house. Soon Peter Pumyea, a generous and noble man, deeded to the Church a beautiful square of ground upon which to erect a church edifice. This is the same ground upon which stands the beautiful and commodious structure, the result of the labors and sacrifices of these loved and honored pioneers, and a monument of the noble deeds for the master performed under circumstances more trying and difficult than the present generation, who enjoy the fruits of their labors, can conceive. In the fall of 1838 work at the old Academy building was be gun. This structure was about 26x40 feet in size, two stories high, with a belfry. The upper room was designed for holding religious services in. In the spring of 1839 meetings were abandoned in the old log shanty and the academy was opened. In the fall of 1838 the foundation of the church was begun, and Nov. 26 the corner stone was laid. At last the frame-work of the building was ready to be raised. This required the assistance of all the men in the village and surrounding country, together with aid from Ellisville and Farmington to raise it. For three years the people struggled on in the erection of this building before it was ready for dedication. Aid was required from the East to complete it. Oct. 3, 1841, the generous contractor, Cornelius Wyckoff, sen., turned the building over to the congregation, and itfwas dedicated to the worship of the Lord. On the 11th of April, 1856, Rev. A. D. Wilson resigned as Pas tor, and Rev. Wm. Anderson took charge in the, fall of the same year, and served three years. During the services of Rev. Wilson no parsonage was furnished, he provided his own house and received what salary the people were disposed to pay, but during the survices of Rev. Wm. Anderson a tract of land containing about five acres was purchased and a large and beautiful parsonage built, it being the largest dwelling in the village. Jan. 16, 1860, Rev. J. S. Joralmon was called to the pastorate. At that time the Church was largely in debt, but to-day no debt or incumbrance of any kind rests upon any of the property. Besides the parsonage and church a large and pleasant lecture room stands on the spot where stood the old academy. The present membership is about 200. Schools. — In the summer of 1838, ere the town of Fairview was scarcely surveyed, the citizens employed Simon S. Wyckoff to teach school. He taught in an old log cabin situated where tho residence of John Pfeiffer now is. The second teacher, Mr. Abram Gulick, taught in an old cabin where now stands Wm. Rockafellow's shop. In 1839 an academy was built east of, and adjacent to, the Reformed church. This structure was occupied as a public school-house until 630 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1863, when the present school building, in the northwest part of the town, was erected. It is a two-story frame building, and cost $3,500. It is surrounded by beautiful grounds, with delightful grove and lawn, — not excelled perhaps by any public grounds in the county. Its rooms are well furnished, giving ample and comfort able accommodation for 225 pupils. The present school board is composed of Messrs. P. Berg, F. Davis and Thomas H. Travers, all of whom take considerable interest in the care and improvement of the school property and the education of the young. Fairview Lodge, No. 350, A. F. & A. M. — At an early day the Free and Accepted Masons urged their claims upon the citizens of Fairview. The first meeting was held Oct. 18, 1859, with J. S. Slack, W. M. Prot. ; Jos. Sanders, S. W. ; J. B. Craigg, J. W.; S. M. Curtis, S. D.; L. B. Martin, J. D. ; C. M. Martin, Sec; J. M. Fox, Treas. Brethren present were J. J. Curtis, T: J. Shreeves and J. C. Williams. Sanders, Craigg and Curtis were appointed a com mittee on by-laws. The lodge was granted a charter Oct. 3, 1860, and the following are the charter members : Thomas J. Shreeves, Joseph Sanders, David Shreeves, J. B. Craigg, J. M. Fox, Charles B. Martin, Samuel M. Curtis and Luther B. Martin. The officers appointed by the charter were Thomas S. Shreeves, W. M. ; Joseph Sanders, S. W., and David Shreeves, J. W. Nov. 20, 1860, J. T. Slack, D. G. M., officiated in the installation of the charter officers, and S. M. Martin, S. D. ; L. B. Martin, J. D. ; C. M. Martin; Sec, and J. B. Craigg, Treas. The organization has been a good, live working one, continually on the increase, and now has a membership of about 60. Mr. Joseph Negley has served a greater length of time as W. M. than any of his predecessors. As a working lodge it has always proved a success. In acts of charity its reputation stands high and bright. Evangelical Lutheran Church, situated at Coal creek, was organ ized by Rev. Swartz about the year 1850. The congregation met in a school-house at first, and indeed until 1866, when their present church structure was erected. It is 30x40 feet in size, and cost $2,000, of which the Swygert family gave $600. Samuel Gourley donated the ground upon which the building stands, and also the ground for the cemetery. The pastor devotes only a portion of his time to this congregation, and receives $200 a year. The present membership is 30. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Henry Alcott, farmer ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in Ross Co., O., Aug. 1, 1811, and is the son of Israel and Ann Alcott. He enjoyed only the advantages of the common schools in a new country at which to gain an education. He came to Fulton Co. in 1836, and has been eminently successful in life. At present he owns 1,435 acres of land in this county and 160 acres in Iowa. He also has 1,000 head of sheep. In 1835 he w*ts married to Martha Foster, who has borne him two children, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 631 S. B. Bennett, M. D., Coroner of Fulton Co., was born in Lawrence Co., 111., Nov. 24, 1838. His father, the Rev. Isaac Ben nett, died at Canton in 1856. Dr. B. began the practice of medi cine at the early age of 21 in Canton. He received his medical education at Rush Medical College, Chicago. In 1861 he moved to Fairview, where he now resides, and where he has gained an envi able reputation as a practitioner. He was elected Coroner in 1878, and during the present year has been elected Director of the Mutual Life Insurance Co., of Canton. The Doctor was united in marriage with Angeline Taylor, Sept. 1, 1863. She was the daughter of the late Robert Taylor, who resided south of Canton. He had resided in Fulton Co. for fifty years at the time of his death. This union has been blessed with 2 children, — Zachary T., born June 3, 1865, and Mary C, born May 27, 1866. Joseph Cook was born in Grand Duchy of Baden, Germany, Oct. 23, 1823. He is the son of Joseph and Rosiana. Mr. C. came to America in 1836, and remained at New York until the following year when he went to New Jersey, and May 10, 1852, landed in Fulton Co. At the early age of 15 he began to learn the trade of cabinet-making, which he has followed ever since, and in which he has been successful. He has been President of the Board of Trus tees and a member of it almost all of the time for 20 years. He has been married twice, — the first time to Mary Robison, June 2, 1846 ; the second time to Sarah Blene. They have 3 children, — Milton, born in Nov., 1865, George W., born in 1869, and Lorena, born Jan. 5, 1877. Mr. C. united with the M. E. Church in 1848. James D. Curtis, M. D. was born in Warren Co., N. Y., March 14, 1832. His parents, Silas and Margaret (McDonald) Curtis, were both natives of the Empire State. Mr. C. visited this county in 1848, but did not locate here till 1861. After receiving a common-school education he took the Latin and scientific courses at Kingsborough College. He also attended medical college at New York. He is also a graduate from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati. The Doctor is a member of the State Medical Society. He has prac ticed his profession since coming to the county. He has served Fairview as Mayor. In 1862 he was married, and again in 1875, May 24 ; this time to Elizabeth Greenwell. The Doctor made a profession of religion when 20 years old and joined the M. E. Church. In 1852 he united with the Baptist Church and was im mersed by Elder Corwin by cutting a hole in the ice. He again united with the M. E. Church in 1863. Changing locations caused him to change Churches. Edward Cox, sr., is among the first settlers of Fulton Co. He erected the third frame house in the town of Fairview, and he thinks the third in the township. When he came to the county only one family lived within the present corporation of Fairview. This man's name was Henry B. Evans, and he owned the first grocery store in the township. The building is still standing and used as a 632 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. barn. He built a large house which he used for hotel purposes for 14 years. He was born in Somerset Co., N. J., Feb. 9, 1814. His father, Jacob E. Cox, and his mother, Rebecca (Lane) Cox, are both living with him. He came to the Co. in May of 1837, and has 403 acres of good land at present. He did not get married until well advanced in life. He was united in the bonds of wedlock March 18, 1879, with Gertrude Cox. He became a member of the Reformed Church in 1850. William H Dailey, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Fairview. On the 16th of Aug., 1830, there was born to John Y. and Elizabeth (Hall) Dailey, in Henderson Co., N. J., a son, the subject of this sketch. He grew up, attending the common schools, and learned the oarpen- ter's trade, which he followed some years, but changed it for farm ing, and by his own exertions has succeeded. Miss Lettie Ellen Dilts and he were united in marriage in September, 1853. Five children have blessed their home, — 2 boys and 3 girls, — 4 of whom are living, and one son and one daughter married. Frederick Davis, butcher and farmer, was born in Fairview tp. March 14, 1842. His parents, Richard and Sophia (Suydam) Davis came to this county as early as 1831. In 1861 Mr. Davis enlisted in Co. L, 7th Cav., under Capt. Scott, of Bushnell. He never was off duty and participated in all the raids and scouts, and his horse was as faithful and plucky as he. He was on the famous Greerson raid, when a distance of 800 miles was traveled in 14 days. , In J.868 he married Mrs. L. Robison, who bore him 4 children, — one boy and 3 girls, — all living. Ardelia, Lorena, Altaand Martin Seward are their names. L. W. Davis, farmer, sec. 27 ; P. O., Fairview. This gentleman was born in Fairview in 1 839, and is the son of Richard and Sophia Davis. He attended the commmon schools here and Knox Acad emy, Galesburg. He was united in marriage with Miss Susan Bean, April 29, 1864. Mollie and Carrie are their living children. They have one dead. Mr. D. has served in several local official positions. James W. Downin, farmer, sec 6 ; P. O., Farmington. Mr. Downin is the son of Jacob S. and Mary Jane (Kreighj Downin, and was born in Wayne Co., Ind., Sept. 3, 1844. Three years later he was brought into this county. In 1875, Feb. 11, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Hettie Catlett. Emry L., born June 16, 1876, and Mary Jane, born April 10, 1878, are their children. John H. Dunn, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Fairview ; is the son of John S. and Elizabeth Dunn, and was born in Fairview township April 27, 1840. He received a liberal education, and at the age of 23 embarked in life's work as an agriculturist, which he likes, and at which he has been successful. He is J. P. at present and has held several local offices. He was married near Nebraska City Aug. 15, 1866. Ada and Matthew are his children. /. W. Dunn, farmer, sec. 7; P. O,, Midway. Mr. Dunn was HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 633 born in Indiana Sept. 21, 1834, and is the son of John S. and Eliza beth (Norvel) Dunn, pioneers of this county. He had only the ad vantages the common schools of a new country offered for an educa tion. He has served as School Director for a dozen years. June 3, 1875, he was married to Susan Pratt. Politically he is a Demo crat. Cornelius Dykeman was born April 4, 1836, the son of Gilson and Parmelia (Tuttle) Dykeman ; educated in New York State ; brought up a farmer ; came to Fairview tp. in an early day ; now lives on sec. 1. He has improved as much as 300 acres of wild land. He mar ried Lydia Douglas, by whom he has two children living. She is a Spiritualist. Mr. D. in politics is a Republican. Samuel Gourley. In Montgomery, Pa., there was born to Joseph and Elizabeth (Homer) Gourley, on June 2, 1818, a son, whom thev christened Samuel. He came to this county in 1856' and en gaged in farming. He resides now upon sec. 19. In 1843 he was married to Ann Troy, who bore him 8 children, — 5 boys and 3 girls, — only 3 of whom are living, — B. L., Joseph and Abram L. His P. 0. address is Fairview. Peter H Groenendyke is the only child of Samuel and Gertie Anna (Hagemau) Groenendyke, both of whom are natives of Somerset Co., N. J. The former was born April 17, 1825, his mother March 19, 1820. Peter was born Jan. 30, 1851. Peter's grandfather and grandmother, Daniel and Adria Groenendyke, were also natives of New Jersey. The former died in 1872, while the latter still sur vives. The wife of our subject, Mary K. Wolfe, was born July 9, 1851. She is the daughter of John L. and Susan (Kenley) Wolfe. The father was born in Virginia Feb. 27, 1812; her mother was a native of Maryland. Mr. and Mrs. G. have one child, Samuel Wilber. Peter came to this county with his parents in 1835, and resides on sec 5, and they live with him. P. O., Fairview. William Groenendyke, farmer, sec. 20; P. O., Fairview; was born in Hunterdon county, N. J., May 24, 181U. His father, Samuel Groenendyke, served in the Revolutionary war as Major. His mother's maiden name was Mary Devore. Mr. G. came to this county in 1849. In 1862 he enlisted in Capt. Wyckoff's. company of the 103d 111. Inf. In 1831, Oct. 5, he was united -in marriage with Rebecca Voorhees, who bore him 7 children, — one boy and 6 girls, — 4 of whom are living, and all married. Mr. G. has been a member of the M. E. Church for a half century, and since 1849 has been Trustee and Class-Leader. P. O., Fairview. . H. H. Hartough was born in Somerset Co., N. J., May 17, 1817. He came to Fairview and bought property in July, 1838 ; returned toN. J., was married Feb. 24, 1840, and arrived here again May 1 of that year. He was married to Catharine Vanderveer. Their family consists of the following members : Mary, born Nov. 9, 1844; John, March 4, 1847; Martin, Sept. 11, 1849; Caroline V., Oct. 13, 1855; William A., June 11, 1858. Three of the children 634 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. are married. One of the daughters is the wife of Dr. Hughes, re siding near Chicago. Mr H. learned the plastering and brick-lay ing trade and followed it for 13 years, when he bought the farm where he now lives, sec. 33. Mr. H. has been a life-long Republi can, and is a strong temperance advocate, and a member of the Re formed Church. He is liberal and has accumulated a good fortune by his industry. His portrait We give in this book. P. O., Fairview. James Hedden, farmer, sec. 30 ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in Morris Co., N. J., Aug. 31, 1805, and is the son of Joseph and Sarah Hedden. He came to this county in 1852 or '53. He fol lowed brickmaking for about 40 years in his native State, but since here has engaged in farming. He has served in several local offices, He married Georgia Godly. He is the parent of 17 children, 8 of whom are living and all married. He united with the Reformed Church in 1852. Hugh F. Hillpott, merchant, was born in Bucks Co., Pa., Sept. 12, 1833. He is the son of Jacob G. and Julia Hillpott. His mother's maiden name was Julia Frankfield. He came to this county Nov. 28, 1855, and settled in Fairview. He has only a limited educa tion,- having never attended school more < than 8 months in his life. His superior native genius and business ability has, nevertheless, abundantly crowned his efforts. He worked as a farm hand until he was 20 years of age, then learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed for 11 years. He then embarked in mercantile life, and has since continued in it, being very successful, and accumulated a fine fortune. June 28, 1868, he was married to Sarah Van Liew. John V. L., born Aug. 25, 1869, and Lizzie C, born June 24, 1872, are their children. During the days of the Rebellion Mr. H. enlist ed in Co. D, 103d 111. Inf. He participated in several battles and was with Gen. Grant at the seige of Vicksburg, and was discharged at Washington City, Sept. 25, 1864. He united with the Reformed Church in 1865. M. M. Johnson, son of Moses C. and Zerilda Johnson, was born in Fairview tp., Aug. 5, 1839. He is engaged in farming upon sec. 7. He has traveled over the Western States and Territories considerably. In 1878 he was the choice and nominee of the Green back party for Sheriff of this county, but, although running ahead of his ticket, he was defeated. He has held many local official positions. Dec 24, 1868, he was married to^Eliza J. Downan. Their home has been blessed with 6 children, — 3 boys and 3 girls, — all of whom are living. P. O., Fairview. Allen Keefauver, barber, Fairview, is the son of John and Eliz abeth (Young) Keefauver, and was born in Washington Co., Ind., March -23, 1853. He was brought to Joshua tp. in 1855. He was engaged on the farm till 1 9 years old, when he began to learn his trade. He is an artist of great skill in his business, and a young man full of energy and enterprise. He is the leader of the Fair- view String Band. He was married Feb. 16, 1875, to Mary Suy dam. Jessie, born Nov. 16, 1875, is their only child. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 635 James K. Kelsey. One of the self-made men of the county is the venerable Mr. Kelsey, who was born in Fairfield Co., O., March 7, 1807. His father, Enos Kelsey, was from New York; his mother, Nancy Kelsey, nee Young, was a native of the Keystone State. Mr. K. followed shoemaking till he was 22 years old, when he began school-teaching, but soon turned to tilling the soil. He resides now on sec. 13, and owns 250 acres, besides town property, which he has gained by his own personal exertions. April 9, 1829, he was united in marriage with Lydia Harsock, who bore him 11 children, — 4 boys and 7 girls, — 8 of whom are living. In 1854 Mr. K. united with the Presbyterian Church. P. O. address, Farmington. John L. Kitchen, farmer and coal miner, sec. 8 ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in Henderson Co., N. J., Aug. 9, 1843. His parents were William and Charity Kitchen. He came to this county in 1851. He is at present School Director and has been for some years. On the 13th of Aug., 1876, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Mary Hall. Frederick, who was born July 29, 1878, is their only child. Politically, Mr. K. is a Democrat, though liberal in his views. Isaac Lamb was born in Floyd Co., Ind., March 20, 1818. His fiarents, Benjamin and Nancy Lamb, were natives of North Caro- ina. He came to this county in 1841 and settled near where he now lives, and has never made but one move. His present resi dence is on sec. 31. Mr. L. has quite an extensive coal bank and for some of his coal land he has paid $125 per acre. He began his coal business 30 years ago. He could then supply the demand with out help, but for the last 20 years he has mined about 25,000 bushels per year, and some of the time has been unable to fill orders. He was married Feb. 20, 1836, and has 11 children, — 7 boys and 4 girls. He is a member of the Christian Church. P. O., Fairview. L. J. Lamb is a native of Fulton Co., having been born in Fair- view township Nov. 7, 1842. His parents, Isaac and Jane (Hall) Lamb, were early settlers of the county. L. J. attended the com mon country schools, and those of Fairview and Prairie City, where he gained a good education. He is engaged at farming on sec. 19. March 25, 1864, he was married, and has 4 sons and one daughter. He has been a member of the Lutheran Church for 14 years. His wife is a member of the same Church. P. Q., Fair- view. /. R. Lance was born in Penn. in 1812 and is the son of William arid Margaret (Hart) Lance. His father was a native of N. Y., and his mother of Penn. and both of German descent, and both lived to a ripe old age and died in this State. His father was 103 years of age when he died. J. R. came to this county in 1837 and located on sec. 1, Fairview tp., and has lived upon this section since, and at present owner of 330 acres of land. He has been twice married and is the father of 9 children, all of whom are by his former wife. She 636 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. died and he was married in 1878 to a widow lady, whose maiden name was Euphemia Merrill, a daughter of one of the early settlers of the tp. She owns 200 acres, making 530 acres in all that they own. P. O., Farmington. W. S. Luman, farmer, sec. 7; P. O., Fairview; was born in Franklin Co., O., Jan. 1, 1834, and is the son of Jesse and Mary (Shreeves) Luman. W. S. was brought to the county when at the very early age of three years. He has been successful in his labors and owns 200 acres of land. In April, 1858, he was married to Mary Cook. This union has been blessed with 7 children,— 6 boys and one girl, — all of whom are living. Politically he is a Democrat. /. F. McClain, teacher, was born in Frederick Co., Md., Dec. 15, 1838, and is the son of John and Susan (Harbaugh) McClain. The former was born Dec. 2, 1799, and his mother, Aug. 2, 1806. Mr. McClain attended the common schools of 111. and finished his edu cation at the Normal School at Emporia, Kans. He began his long and successful career as a teacher when only 17 years old. He has taught the Fairview school for 13 years, and has taught 25 terms in the same building, which speaks in his praise stronger than we can find words to express. He has been Assessor of the tp. and a mem- of the Board of Fairview, and served for several terms as Town Clerk. This year he was elected Supervisor. He has studied medi cine and practiced some, but has not been admitted yet; he ex pects to be, however, soon. March 28, 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Vannortwick, who has borne him three children — John F., born Jan. 31, 1871, Susan~C, June 22, 1873, and Lulu May, Aug. 23, 1876. He is a member of the Reformed Church. Benjamin S. Miller. There was born to James and Sarah Eliza beth (Boyd) Miller, while they were living in Mercer Co., N. J., and on the 4th of March, 1833, a son, Benjamin S., the subject of this sketch. He worked at farming till 17 years old when he began blacksmithing. He came to this county Oct. 10, 1851, and since has engaged in farming most of the time. He resides now upon sec. 5. He has been twice married. His first wife, Drusilla Dunn, he married Feb. 1, 1855. She bore him 5 children, — 3 boys and 2 girls, — James, Sarah Elizabeth, Hardin, John and Cordelia. His first wife was a member of the M. E?. Church for 31 years. She died of consumption in 1877, Sept. 3. He married again, this time to Rachel Ann Luman. P. O., Middle Grove. John Miner was born born July 20, 1844, in the old State of New Jersey. His father, William Miner, was of Scotch-Irish de scent and his mother, Deborah Miner, was of English descent. Both were natives of New Jersey. They reared a family of 10 children. The father has passed from earth. He died ,May 2, 1876. Mrs. M. is still living. John has charge of the farm and has been suc cessful in its management. He enjoys the companionship of his books, indeed is of a literary turn of mind. P. O., Fairview. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 637 Almiron G. Morse was born in this county in 1849. His parents, T. M. and Elvira (Blakeslee) Morse, were natives of Ohio. A. G. attended the common schools and then learned the carpenter's trade, which he has followed for ten years. He is now engaged in the tile business. Sept. 24, 1875, he was united in marriage with Edith Shinn. His P. O. address is Farmington ; his residence on sec. 2. T. M. Morse, farmer, sec. 2 ; P. O., Farmington ; was born in Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. 10, 1820. His father, Jedediah, was a native of the same place and died Aug. 8, 1852 ; his mother, Huldah Bolton, was a native of Woodstock, Ct. Mr. M. landed here Sept. 28, 1839, and has resided on his present farm most of the time since. He had a liberal education, and was the first Super visor elected from the township. He has held other local official positions, and was J. P. for 20 years in succession. Mr. Morse has been elected to the Legislature three different times, and served with credit and honor. He has taught school much, and remem bers teaching subscription school for $15 per month, took wheat in pay, hauled it to Farmington and sold it for 25c per bushel. Oct. 1, 1846, he was united in marriage with Elvira Blakeslee, who was born Jan. 31, 1830. Almiron G., Menzo, Timothy, Emerson, Burt, Elvira and Hattie are the names of their children. James M. Morton. Upon the section where he now lives, sec. 24, on July 2, 1838, James M. Morton was born. His father, Elijah Morton, was born in New Jersey ; his mother, Mary (Alexander) Morton, was a native of Bucks Co., Pa. In 1863 Mr. M. enlisted in Co. B, 11th 111. Cav., under Col. Kerr. He served till Sept. 30, 1865, when he was discharged at Memphis. In 1870, Sept. 1, he was joined in the holy bonds of matrimony with Clara Jacobus. Henry E., born June 24, 1872, Edith A., Feb. 18, 1874, and Alvah and Alpheus, born June 8, 1878, are their children. P. O., Fair- view. /. B. Negley is one of the enterprising farmers of Fulton Co. He located here in 1844, and has resided upon the same farm since the spring of 1845. His native State is Pennsylvania, where, in Franklin Co., June 15, 1813, he was born. His education was very limited when he started in life for himself, but he has been a close student all of his life, and at present is a frequent contributor to the county papers. There was not a stick of wood upon his farm when he came to it. He now owns 350 acres' of fine land, well improved and stocked. He has visited France to purchase horses that his own and neighbors' stock might be improved. In 1874 he was the nominee of his party for Representative, but was beaten by a few votes, his party being in the minority. He is the son of Jacob and Mary Negley. He was married in 1836, June 14, to Catharine Wolf, who bQre him 9 children, 7 of whom are living. They had a son killed at the battle of Shiloh. He was a member of Co. C, 19th 111. Inf. P.O. Norris. James H. Palmertoh, a prominent agriculturist, resides upon sec. 638 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 23, and owns one-half section of land. He is the son of Ichabod and Jane (Childers) Palmerton, and was born in this county in 1844. He has made three trips across the plains, driving Govern ment team. While in the wilds of the West he saw 19 Indians hung with grape vines for stampeding cattle. In 1867, Oct. 15, he was united in marriage with Mary Jane Dedden. Sarah E., Alice M., Bessie A., Emma, Mary E. and Zillie are their children. P. O., Fairview. David Parks; miller, is the son of Elijah and Sarah (Conover) Parks; and was born Sept. 10, 1805. He received only a common- school education, but his rare native ability has enabled him to be come successful in life. He came to the county in 1849. He has started 3 mills since he came to this State. He has a stone quarry on his farm, section 20, which yields a good quality of stone. He was married in Feb., 1830, and is the parent of 5 children, — 4 boys and 1 girl, — all of whom are living. David A. and Elijah served in Co. C, 17th 111. Cavalry, and Joseph W. was in the 55th 111. Inf. P. O. address, Fairview. James J. Parks, son of David and Sarah (Johnson) Parks, was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., Jan. 16, 1832. He attended the common schools and received a fair education. He came to this county in 1849, and is engaged in farming upon section 19, having met with moderate success. The 27th day of March, 1857, was a day full of interest for him and his wife, Sarah Parks, nee Cammann, for upon that day they were united in marriage. Walter, Belle, Margaret, Irene, Howard and Fred are their children. Mr. P. united with the Lutheran Church in 1871. Daniel G. Polhemus, retired farmer, one of the pioneers of Fulton Co., came in 1837 apd bought property and two years later located here with his family. He is the son of Garrett and Jane (Haga man) Polhemus, and was born_ in Somerset Co., N. J., Nov. 21, 1795. He received his education in the common schools. As a farmer he has been eminently successful and at present owns, after giving to his son 132 acres, 385 acres of land. His farm is well stocked and has upon it 200 head of hogs. He was united in mar riage with Maria Voorhees Jan. 21, 1821. She died the mother of 10 children, — 4 boys and 6 girls, — 5 of whom only are living. They had a son who served in the 103d 111. Inf. for 3 years. Mr P. has been a member of the Reformed Church for half a century. G. V. Polhemus was born in Montgomery township, Somerset Co., N. J., Oct, 28, 1821. His father, Daniel, and his mother, Maria (Voorhees) Polhemus, were early settlers of this county, G. V com ing with them in 1839. He has engaged in farming since large enough to work and has been quite successful. He resides upon sec. 28 and owns 258 acres of fine land. He has served his town ship on the Board of Supervisors for 3 years and as a School Direc tor for 15 years. Dec. 7, 1848, he was united in marriage with Miss Jane V. Brokaw. The union has been blessed with 8 children, , HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 639 —5 boys and 3 girls, — 6 of whom are living. Mr. P. lived in this county before Illinois had a railroad, and has hauled wheat in a wagon to Chicago and sold it for 50 cents a bushel. Abram M. Powelson. — Among the many respected residents of this portion of Fulton county, who came from the little State border ing upon the Atlantic, is Mr. Powelson, who was born in Somerset county, N. J., May 20, 1838. He is the son of Peter and Juliet (Gray) Powelson, who came to this township in 1846, landing July 4. His father died the following December and Abram though young began the pleasant and dutiful task of supporting his mother. This pleasure was not granted him long, for by a fatal accident she lost her life by being burned to' death. When 13 years old he hired out to work upon a farm by the month, which he continued till he was 27, Since, he has been successful in farming and at present has a goodly share of this world's goods. He was married Sept. 3, 1861, to Julia Polhemus. They have two boys living and one dead. Mr. P. is a member of the Reformed Church. Luther Pumyea, farmer, sec. 34; P. O., Fairview; was born in Somerset Co., N. J., June 17, 1828. His parents, Peter and Catha rine Sarah (Stucker) Pumyea, were both natives of the same county. Mr. P. landed in Fulton Co. when a lad of 8 summers. He en gaged in mercantile business for 3 years in Fairview, but abandoned it for the farm. He has visited the golden share of the Pacific and traveled elsewhere. He drove a team from New Jersey to Illi nois. He has been twice married. First to Eleanor Jones, who bore him 2 children, both girls, and living. His second wife was Elizabeth Morse, who has borne him one child. Peter Shleich, farmer, is the son of Jacob and Mary (Webber) Shleich, and was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, April 29, 1841. He came to America in 1850 and 5 years later came to this county. He attended the common schools, and at the age of 24 entered Hed- ding College, Abingdon, 111. He has taught school for several years but is now engaged in farming, owning a 400-acre farm, well stocked. When he arrived here he could not speak English, and his father died soon after, and Peter was put out to work. He served during the war in Co. A, 55th 111. Inf., and was discharged Oct. 31, 1864. He participated in the battles of Pittsburg Land ing, Shiloh and others. He married Mary E. Wilson Sept. 28, 1870. Mary Belle, Chas. W., John H., and Ada Maria are their children. He has been a member of the Reformed Church since 1867. P. 0., Fairview. Jonathan Smith was born in Madison Co., O., Sept, 11, 1808. In 1833 he visited Fulton Co., and two years later he came and raised a crop, and in 1837 located on sec. 35, where he yet resides. He began life friendless and in poverty, having lost his parents and possessing only a three-year-old colt, At present he has 380 acres of land in this county, and 480 acres in Iowa. He began as a farm hand at first, at which he worked for 7 years, receiving from 640 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. $7.50 to $10 a month. In 1837 he was married to Ann Foster who has borne him 9 children, 8 of whom are living, — 2 boys and 6 girls. One son and 4 daughters are married. One daughter married John Broadfield, of Knox Co., and were traveling through Europe last year. John H., a son, married Mary Wyckoff- the present year and resides in Marshall Co., Iowa. Mr. S.'s P. 0. address is Fairview. James Newton Suydam, postmaster. On the 17th of April, 1836, in the State of New Jersey, there was born to John W. and Eliza beth S. Suydam a son, the subject of this sketch. Thirteen years later he was brought to this county. He attended the common schools of his home and then entered the commercial college at Davenport, Iowa. For 17 years he was engaged in farming; 5 years was employed as clerk in a store ; taught school for 2 years ; embarked in the drug business at Fairview in 1861, and in 1864 was appointed P. M., and has held the office ever since except two years, when Andrew Johnson " swung him out." He is a live, enter prising citizen. He is leader of the brass band, Town Clerk, Vil lage Clerk,- Recording Steward M. E. Church, Treasurer of Bible Society and Secretary of the Temperance Society. In 1860 he was united in marriage with Cordelia A. Morey, and in 1877, June 6, he married his second wife, Murtie E. Spence. His home has been blessed with 4 children, — 2 boys and 2 girls, — all living. Mr. S. joined the Baptist Church in 1858, and was immersed by Rev. But terfield. He united with the M. E. Church in 1862. W. G. Swartz was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., Oct. 2, 1825. He first came to this county in 1852. He taught school for one term and returned to the Keystone State, but was dissatisfied, and in 1857 again sought the fertile soil of the Prairie State. His principal occupations have been teaching and farming. He learned the tan nery and currying trade and worked at it for three years. He first settled in Young Hickory township on his arrival in Fulton Co. He has been successful financially, and at present owns 253 acres of fine land. He has filled the township offices from time to time, and for 15 years served as J. P. He married Elizabeth Welty, who has borne him 3 children, — 2 boys and 1 girl, — one of the former is dead. He is a member of the M. E. Church. ¦ I. D. Swegle, farmer, sec. 5 ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in New Jersey, Dec. 31, 1827. His parents were Daniel and Elizabeth Swegle. He came to this county as early as 1838. His only advant ages to procure an education were at the common and subscription schools. He is naturally an energetic, hard-working man, and has injured himself by over work. About 20 years ago he suffered sun stroke and has not been able to work much since. In 1854 he was married and has 7 children, all living, — 6 boys and one girl- He is a member of the M. E. Church. G. W. Swygert, farmer, section 29; P. O., Fairview; was born in Franklin Co., Pa., June 2, 1820, and is the son of John and Susan HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 641 (Sinder) Swygert. He came to this county 36 years ago. He for merly was engaged at his trade, that of house-carpenter and joiner, but abandoned it to till the soil. He has served his school district in the capacity of School Director for a dozen years. During. the winter of 1844 he was married to Miss Brokaw, who bore him 6 children, —2 boys and 4 girls, — 5 of whom are living. Henry died at the age of 17. He is a member of the Reformed Church, and has served as a Deacon and Elder. Peter TenEyck is one of the early settlers of Fulton Co. and de serves more than a passing notice. By economy and industry he has managed to accumulate a handsome fortune. He was born in Som erset, Co., N. J., Aug. 28, 1808, and is the son of James and Esther (Hankerson) Ten Eyck. Mr. T. was united in marriage Nov. 2, 1843, with Rebecca Cox. .They have two children, son and daughter. The former is engaged in the practice of law in Michi gan. Mr. Ten Eyck takes great pride in his horses, of which he has a large number of very fine ones. He keeps the fleet-footed Clydes dale trotting horses, only for his own driving, however. He has 100 head of fine cattle, mostly thoroughbred. He is a man of great en ergy and application to his business. He came to this county in 1835 and settled upon sec. 33 in 1836. He engaged in the mer cantile business for 7 years during the infancy of Fairview, and we give his portrait in this book. Thomas H Travers was born in Burton, England, Feb. 10, 1839. He is the son'of Charles and Jane Travers. He came to America with his father in 1860, and five years later located in Fulton county and began a most successful career. His father returned to England last year. He began work under most adverse circum stances, being chained down by poverty, but by indomitable pluck and energy and business judgment they have succeeded until now they own 835 acres of land, 770 of it" lying in this county. The father and son have always worked together as partners. Thomas has been to California where he has worked in the gold mines. He has a coal bank on his farm here out of which he annually takes 32,- 000 bushels of coal. He is rather extensively engaged in the manu facture of cider, making from 30,000 to 50,000 gallons each season. January 20, 1870, Mr. T. was married to Sarah Augustina Turner. Amy Jane, born Jan. 18, 1872, and Agnes, born Feb. 1, 1876, are their children. P. O., Fairview. Lewis M. Turner,. farmer, sec. 21 ; P. O., Fairview; is the son of Elisha W. Turner, and was born in Lafayette Co., Wis. He came to this county in 1865, and has been moderately successful in his occupation. He enjoyed only tlie benefits of a common-school edu cation. In 1878 he was united in marriage with Mary Hauser. Abraham Van Doren, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Farmington ; is a native of Somerset county, N. J., where he was born Nov. 9, 1838. He is the son of John K. and Maria (Cox) Van Doren. He at tended the common schools of this county and gleaned therefrom 642 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. his education. He has served in several local offices. March 4, 1862, is a day to him ever to be remembered, for upon that date he was united in marriage with Sarah Elizabeth Hall. John Van Liew, farmer, was born in Somerset county, N. J., Jan. 11, 1828. He is the son of Cornelius and Ann (Suydam) Van Liew. He had only the advantages of the common schools of his native State for an education. He began to work for himself at farming at the age of 22, and has continued at it since and has been successful. He came to this county in 1854 and has, held some of the local offices. He was married in 1856, Jan. 17, to Miss Mary Polhemus, who has borne him 3 children, — 2 boys and 1 girl, Daniel, Cornelius and Maria, Mr. V. is a member of the Reform ed Church. Abram Voorhees was born March 25, 1834, in New Jersey, He is the son of Jacob and Jane Voorhees and came to this county Aug. 16, 1848. He received his education in the common schools in Indiana. He engaged in farming until thirteen years ago when he embarked in the grocery and drug business. He has been suc cessful in life. He was married Dec. 22, 1853. They have 5 chil dren, — four boys and one girl. He has held several of the town ship official positions. John Voorhees, jr., was born in New Jersey July 25, 1836. He is the son of Jacob and Jane Voorhees, who came to this county Aug. 16, 1848. He received a common-school education principally in this county, and is engaged in farming. He has carried on mer cantile business for several years himself and dealt in real estate not a little. He is at present engaged as clerk in a dry-goods and gro cery store. He has served as School Trustee for 6 years ; a Dea con in the Reformed Church and also Superintendent of the Sun day-school. He was married Dec. 23, 1858, to Naomi Schanck. To them have been born 3 girls, the youngest, little Mabel, was born Nov. 4, 1876. A. D. Wilson, farmer, P. O., Fairview ; was born in the State of New Jersey March 11, 1831, and is a son of Rev. A, D. and Julia Wilson. He was brought to the county in 1838, and at the com mon schools of Fairview received his education. At the age of 23 he entered the agricultural pursuit for himself, and has succeeded in it. He is School Director and has served as such for 9 years Feb. 9, 1854, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Mary Negly. Katie, John, Lulu, Maggie, Harry M., Neeley and Mamie are their children. H. M. B. Wilson, farmer, was born at North Branch, N. J., April 21, 1837. Although Mr. W.has chosen farming as his occu pation, his father educated him for the ministry. He attended the college at New Brunswick, and also Knox College, Galesburg. Mr. W. is by no means an oid man, yet deserves to be classed among the pioneers of this county. His father was the well-known Rev. A. D. Wilson, who organized the congregation of the Dutch Re- Un hi jEiiiplSE^slssIi ¦'•* ti ' tU-'SlllPllsPSfllsfF r* '- ?'*^^8SEffl8gH|^^ra--'--: *?*<*? \JKs « - i • THE SECOND COURT-HOUSE AS IT STANDS TO-DAY HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 645 formed Church west of the Alleghany Mountains. The Rev. Mr. W. came to this county in 1837, so our subject has spent almost his entire life here. He was married in Feb., 1870 and has 3 children, — Oscar L., Bertha and Loda. He has represented his township in the Board of Supervisors. John E. Wilson was born in the State of New Jersey Dec. 22, 1833. He is the son of the zealous and widely-known Rev. A. D. Wilson. His mother's name was Julia Wilson. No man did more to establish the Reformed Church in the West than Rev. A. D. Wil son, and his memory is held in pleasant and sacred remembrance by thousands. John £. came to the county in 1838 and has resided here since. Mr. W. is engaged in farming upon sec. 32. For 3 years he followed the mercantile business. In financial matters he has been moderately successful. He first married Maria Rodener, and Feb. 14, 1860, was married to Nettie Hamrick. Abraham, George, Daniel and Julia are their children. John Wilson, farmer; P. O., Fairview; was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 25, 1806, and is the son of -Achilles and Ann Wil son. His father died when he was 5 years old and when 10 he was bound out. When 15 he commenced to learn the blacksmith trade. He has succeeded in life and now owns 245 acres of land, which he has made by his own labor and exertion. His wife's given name is Lucretia. Sarah Elizabeth, wife of Peter Goom, is their only child. Mr. W. has filled several of the local offices. Politically he is a Democrat. /. L. Wolford, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Midway ; was born in Wash ington Co., Ind., June 5, 1851. He is the son of Daniel and Mary Elizabeth (Masters) Wolford, and was brought to this county at the early age of 3 years. Feb. 22, 1877, is a memorable day in his life, for upon that date he was united in marriage with Miss Ellen Wyckoff. Ida Ethel was born to them Dec. 27, 1878. Cornelius Wyckoff, jr., dealer in hardware, farming implements, etc., was born Aug. 11, 1823, in Hunterdon Co., N. J., and came to Fulton Co, March 18, 1856. He learned the carriage-making trade in New York, but has spent the greater portion of his life farming. He was married Dec. 10, 1847, to Sarah V. Hagaman. They have a family of 5 children, — 4 girls and one boy, — all of whom are liv ing. He joined the Presbyterian Church in 1846, and ten years later united with the Reformed Church at Fairview, of which he has been Elder, and a member of the Town Board several times, and School Trustee in Joshua tp. for 11 years. John P. Wyckoff, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Fairview ;, was born in Somerset county, N. J., Sept. 7, 1842, and is the son of Simon and Mary Wyckoff. He came to Fulton county in 1864. He enlisted to defend our dear and sacred old flag in the 30th New Jersey In fantry, Co. K, and served until 1863. He was Corporal and Color- bearer. He was united in marriage with Miss Addie Elkins Feb. 39 . 646 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 6, 1866. Jennie, Bayard, Addie and Louis are their children. Mr. W. is a member of the Reformed Church, with which he united in 1872. Simon Wyckoff was born in the State of New Jersey Sept. 10, 1806. He was the son of Simon and Sophia (Van Dorn) Wyckoff, and came to this county May 15, 1865. His education was limited to the common schools of Somerset county, N. J. He has engaged in farming almost all of his life ; but has retired and lives at his pleas ant residence in Fairview, yet still owns a farm. He is oneof those quiet good men whom every one respects ,and loves to honor. He was married Oct. 1, 1820, and has 8 children living, — 5 boys and 3 girls. He united with the Reformed Church in 1827. Politically he is a Republican, but always desirous to vote for the best man. S. T. Wyckoff, son of S. S. and Sarah Ann (Perbasco) Wyckoff, was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., Dec. 23, 1830. Eight years later he was brought to this county, where he has continued to reside since. He has generally engaged in agricultural pursuits, and at present owns a farm. He has, however, engaged for a period of 3 years in mercantile business- at Fairview, where he now resides. He has served as School Director, and a member of the Town Board of Fairview for 6 years. He was married Sept. 15, 1859. He is a member of the Reformed Church. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following gentlemen have served the township in the various official capacities named. The years of serving are given, and where more than one date is opposite a name, covering a period of years, it indicates that the official served during the intervening years : SUPERVISORS. T. M. Morse 1850 T. M. Morse 1867-69 W.T. Vandeventer 1851-52 John Van Liew 1870 D. M. Wvckoff. 1853 H. M. B. Wilson 1871 Frederick Cruser 1854-55 G. V.Polhemus 1872-74 B. S.Ramsey 1856 JamesDavis ,.. 1875-79 J. S. Downin....: 1857-66 TOWN CLERKS. J. V. D. B. Van Dorn 1850 Theodore Pumyea 1865 Daniel Groenendyke 1851 J. S. Wyckoff. 1866 J. V. D. B. Van Dorn 1852 S. F. Slider 1867 J. H. Peirsol 1853 J. S. Wyckoff. 1868^70 • D. M. Wyckoff 1854 J. N. Suydam 1871 J. V. D. B. Van Dorn 1855-59 Simon Wyckoff. 1872-73 J.S. Wyckoff. 1860-62 Ira H. Voorhees 1874 Edward Cox 1863 J. F. McClain 1875-76 George Taylor 1864 Ira H, Voorhees 1877-79 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 647 ASSESSORS. Peter Pumyea 1850 Frederick Cruser 1851-53 Thomas Foster 1854 J V. D. B. Van Dorn 1855-56 E. E. West 1857-60 Archibald McCrea 1860 John Tipton 1861-64 David Shreves 1865-72 E. E. West., 1873-74 J. S. Downin 1875 E. E. West 1876-79 COLLECTORS. Edward Cox 1850 Isaac Shreves 1851 J. S. Pumyea 1852 Isaac Shreves 1853 John Tipton 1854-60 E. E. West 1861-62 Asher Pratt 1863-64 John Tipton 1865-66 S. V. Bobirison 1867-69 H. M. B. Wilson 1870 Abram Voorhees 1871-72 J. H. Dunn 1873-74 Abram Eldert 1875 Joseph Wyckoff. 1876 J. V.D.Davis 1877 John Armstrong .1878 S. D. Alpaugh 1879 FARMERS' TOWNSHIP. This township is well timbered and watered, and is underlaid with strata of excellent bituminous coal. The greater part of the surface is very broken, although the western and southern portion consists of gently undulating prairie, the soil of which is the regular Illinois~prairie soil. The first settler to locate in Farmers' township was John Barker, who came in 1829. For further information concerning him, we re fer the reader to the personal sketches of John and Joseph Barker given further on. The township received its name in this wise : The assessment made previous to the organization of the township in 1850 showed that the farmers in this community had produced more grain than any other precinct in the county. Accordingly, when the time came for naming the township some on account of this fact proposed the name of Wheatland. Others for the same reason suggested the name. of Farmers'. This was received with greater favor and the name was adopted. Another version as to the origin of the name is re lated by an old settler now residing in this township, as follows : " This was a good farming country," he said, " and almost every person who lived here was farmers, and we called the votin' pre cinct Farmers' Precinct ; and when the township was organized we jist let it be the same." The first school in the township was taught by Miss Eleanor Rutledge, who afterwards became Mrs. John Barker. The first death to occur was that of Enos Rutledge, who was buried in the Barker Cemetery. Joseph Barker has been living in the town ship longer than ony one else has. The first Church organized was of the Baptist denomination, and was organized June 9, 1835. The society afterwards erected a log house, which was used for b»th church and school purposes for many years. This building is still standing, owned by Thomas Walters, jr., and was used as a dwell- - ing by him until the fall of 1879. The first school-house (a small log cabin) was erected in 1833. The benches were made of split- logs and the floor of puncheons. The fire-place occupied one side of the house and the only window consisted of a log being removed from one side. The St. Louis division of the C, B. & Q, railroad crosses one corner of the township, making its only town, Table Grove, a lively little business place. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 649 A very exciting incident is related by Peter Walters, of an en counter his mother once had with a wild hog. In those early days the wild hogs were numerous and troublesome. While Mr. Walters was absent from home one day a hog came to the yard fence, and seeing the cow inside concluded to have some steak for dinner; ac cordingly he scaled the fence and assaulted the cow, and was in a fair way to succeed when Mrs. Walters seized the gun, ran out and shot the ferocious animal ; he ran off with but little if any dam age, as she supposed, but was found dead near by soon afterward. The above was not the only adventure that this heroine of Fulton county had during its pioneer days. In the very first days after the settlers came the Indians were not only numerous but very troublesome, especially in regard to begging and stealing. On one occasion, while on a begging tour, these pests stopped at the resi dence of Mr. Walters, as usual, to ask for some meat. Now, Mrs. Walters was a very generous old soul, but at this particular time her meat supply was nearly exhausted ; hence she refused to give them any. Among the Indians was a very impudent squaw, who insisted beyond all reason that Mrs. W. should give them some meat. The generous woman finally concluded to give her a small piece, and went up stairs to procure the meat, when the squaw in stantly followed. Mrs. Walters turned and told her to go back, but she persisted, and was pressing her way up the narrow ladder, when Mrs. Walters seized a loose board, which was lying on the upper floor, and dealt her such a blow that Mrs- Squaw came tumbling down to the floor, receiving many bruises. The Indians appreciated the good woman's kindness and admired her courage, which they all demonstrated with one voice, crying out, "White squaw heap big brave, — ha, ha, ha !" The squaw, greatly enraged, rose and drew her scalping-knife, threatening to kill Mrs. Walters ; where upon Mr. Walters interfered, seized the knife, drew it across her throat until the blood oozed out in places, and then taking her by the hair and an arm" threw her headlong out of doors. Mrs. Wal ters gave them the meat, when all left happy and satisfied, except the enraged squaw. The Walters family was not molested again. It will be interesting to all our readers to learn of the encounter Mr. Enos Tarter once had with a deer. Nov. 17, 1851, while rid ing home from a day's threshing with his machine, he discovered a very large deer crossing the road a short distance ahead. He thought that an excellent opportunity for having some fun, and ac cordingly put spurs to his old horse that worked on the threshing machine, and came up to the deer in the tall grass, and attempted to strike him down with his knife, but it being blunt, he failed in that. Then he took the deer by the tail, and at this part of the drama the animal turned and horned the horse, which caused him to make a sudden turn, and Mr. Tarter was dragged off. Now, Mr. Tarter and the nimble deer had a close encounter, both fighting hard for their lives. They had it round and round, Mr. Tarter holding on to 650 .HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. his " tail hold," until they both found themselves head to heels in a ditch, with Mr. Tarter on top. Every time the deer tried to rise up he pressed his enemy against the overhanging turf, render ing his efforts fruitless. Finally, about 10:30 p. m., he killed the deer, and reached home at 11 o'clock, with a pair of pants and a piece of a shirt on. He still carries a sore on his head from a wound he received by the hoof of the animal in this conflict. The horns of this deer are still on exhibition in the office of the County Treasurer in Lewistown. Mr. Tarter, on another occasion, caught a deer by the fore leg as it was jumping over the fence. Laurel Hill, more commonly known as Table Grove, is situated on a beautiful eminence, overlooking as fine prairie country to the north and west as human eye ever beheld. This is a thrifty little village of about 300 inhabitants, containing more enterprising busi ness men, doubtless, than any village of like dimensions in the State of Illinois. It was founded in 1838 by James Spicer, Benja min Windham and Caleb Dilworth. James Spicer built the first house, which he sold to John Bartholomew in 1841. The first store was kept by Wm. Lovell. Then came the era of schools and churches. A school-house was erected in 1845, in which the well- remembered Simon Breed taught the first school. This was during the days when the rod and ferule were swayed by all pedagogues as indispensable disciplinarians. As early as 1851 there was a Church organization in the Grove, of which we speak below. The village now contains 7 business houses, besides a good hotel, 2 meat markets, 2 shoe shops, a saddle and harness shop, 2 milliner shops, a wagon and paint-shop, a blacksmith shop, a well-stocked lumber yard and a flouring mill. CHURCHES. Table Grove Christian Church was founded' and organized upon the third Lord's Day of June, 1851, by Elder J. H. Hughes, now deceased, with Wm. Mc Daniel, Elder; Asa Harland, G. F. Hen- drickson, Deacons. This society worshiped in the old school-house in the Grove until the erection of the new school-house in 1845, when the latter was used until the erection of the present structure by the society. This congregation grew and prospered and became one of the largest and most influential in the county. The sad hour of trouble, however, visited it, and during the last two or three years it has suffered materially. For many years Elder Henry Smither officiated as Pastor of this Church. Table Grove Universalist Church was organized Feb. 22, 1868, with 51 members. The first officials were : Trustees — Thomas Berry, J. R. Harris, J. H. Harris, Orian Moore, and Nelson Whedon; George Hughes, Treasurer; and G. W. Battin, Clerk. Bev. John Hughes was first Pastor. The founding of this Church was HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 651 the result of a debate held here between Rev. J. Hughes and Elder J. C. Reynolds, of Macomb. The congregation has a beautiful church edifice located in Table Grove. The building and grounds are valued at $7,000. The present membership is 107. PERSONAL HISTORY. The personal history of Farmers' township is both interesting and instructive, and we will not fail to record it. It would give us pleasure to speak even at greater length than we do, but the large number and limited space forbids. Sarah Abernathy ; P. O., Table Grove; was born in Sangamon Co., 111., Dec. 25, 1830. Her father, Samuel Powell, was a native of Ohio, and an early settler, — in fact one of the first settlers of Sangamon county. Her mother, Elizabeth Powell, was also a native of Ohio : both are now dead. Her educational advantages were very limited. She was married to John Abernathy Dec. 18, 1853, in Fulton Co. They had 7 children, of whom 6 are living, viz: James L., Mary E., Joseph A., Wm. H., Geo. C. and Samuel M. Her husband, John Abernathy, was born in Ross Co., O., Nov. 15, 1824, and was the son of James Abernathy, a native of Va., and came to Fulton Co. with his family wfcen John was but 12 years old, which was in 1836. They settled in Farmers' township, where John resided, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser until his death, which occurred Jan. 11, 1869. He was an enterprising man, well respected by his friends and neighbors. Mary E. Abernathy resides with her mother and brother. Dr. A. J. Bacon was born in McDonough Co., 111., Sept. 23, 1836 ; received a common-school education ; reared on a farm until he was 21 years old, when he began reading medicine ; in the win ter of 1859-60 attended the Eclectic Medical College of Cincinnati, O.; in March, 1860, he began the practice of medicine, locating in Ipava, where he remained one year, and then removed to Table Grove, where he has since practiced with good success. He graduated at the Rush' Medical College in Chicago in 1865- He married, in 1857, MissM. Durham, by whom he had one daughter, Carrie, now the wife of John Leonard, of this place. Mrs. Bacon died in 1860, and Mr. B. married again May 4, 1863, and they have one child, Nellie, now 13 years of age. Mr. Bacon's father, Charles Bacon, was one of the first settlers in McDonough county, and like others, suffered many hardships and privations in paving the way for the future prosperity of their family. Chas. E. Barker, sec. 7, Farmers' tp. ; P. O., Table Grove ; was born April 4, 1842, in this township, the son of John Barker, the first settler here. He was accustomed to the lot of pioneer boys, and hence his educational advantages were very limited. He owns a half interest in 300 acres of land, and is a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser of Farmers' township. He -was married April 19, 1866, to Mary E. Pontious, daughter of Andrew Pontious, of 652 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Page Co., Iowa. They have 5 children living, — Leonard W., Ira C, Willie L., Harry and Perry, besides one deceased. Geo. R. Barker was born in Farmers' tp. Aug. 26, 1838; son of Joseph Barker, mentioned a little further on. Like other pioneer boys, he was familiar with hunting deer, wolves and other wild animals that were then so numerous in Illinois. His educational advantages were limited. Mr. Barker was raised to hard work, having cleared a great deal of land out of ti^e brush. He is now a farmer comfortably situated, owning a half interest in 300 acres of valuable land. He was married Jan. 16, 1862, to Margaret C. Frizzell, daughter of JoEhsy Frizzell, of McDonough county. They have had 9 children, of whom 7 are living, viz : Luella, Ezra L., Lewis F., Emily C, Carrie, Lucy M. and an infant girl. Sec, 7, Farmers' tp.; P. O., Table Grove. John W. Barker was born in Pike Co., O., April 15, 1819. His father brought his family to Illinois when our subject was but 6 months old. • While they lived at Fort Clark there were but 3 white families there. For further particulars of their removals, etc., see biography of his brother Joseph Barker, next mentioned. His . father, John Barker, came to this township in '27, leaving his fam ily on Totten's Prairie, except John and his mother whom he brought along with him. . John was quite small, but has vivid recollections of sleeping in an old Indian wigwam, and of seeing his father break prairie with an ox team. The old gentleman planted several acres of sod corn, but reaped nothing from it, as the wild hogs destroyed the entire crop. John W. was married, in 1841, to Rachel Harris, by whom he had 2 children, — Warren and Harriet. Mrs. Barker died Dec. 1, 1842. He again married in 1849, this time to Eliza S. Brand, by whom he had 8 children, — Mary J., La fayette, John S., William M. (deceased) and Geo. M., twins, Frank lin (deceased), Wm. F. and Sarah E. Wm. F. and Sarah E. are at home with their father. Mrs. Barker died Feb. 18, 1877. Mr. Barker owns 240 acres of valuable land, and is a successful farmer and stock-raiser. Joseph Barker, sec. 18, Farmers' tp. ; P. O., Table Grove. The Barkers were the first settlers in Farmers' township. Their nearest neighbors were the Tottens in Cass tp., a distance of 9 miles. He was born in Pike Co., O., Oct. 30, 1816. His parents brought him to Fort Clark, where Peoria now stands, in 1819 ; there they re sided until 1827, when they removed to Totten's Prairie in Cass township, and in 1829, as before stated, became the first pioneers of Farmers' township. Mr. Barker is a hale old gentleman of 63 years, making a full hand at the different employments on the farm. He owns a well improved farm of 129 acres of very fertile land. He was married Feb. 21, 1844, to Priscilla McKinzey, and they have had 10 children, of whom 5 are living, viz: Roanna (wife of James E. Brand, of Farmers' tpT), Elizabeth E. (wife of Isaac Pickle, of Guthrie, la.), Josephine (wife of Benton McCance, of HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 653 Harris tp.), Daniel E. and Joseph M. Mr. B. has always been, and is still a prosperous farmer. Lafayette Barker, P. O., Table Grove ; res., sec. 17, Farmers' tp. ; was born in Fulton Co. April 23, 1851, son of John W. Barker. Mr. Barker received a common-school education in Fulton Co., after which he attended the Business College of St. Joseph, Mo., and graduated there Nov. 2, 1870. He was married, May 7, 1874, to Frances Steel, daughter of Graft Steel, formerly of Bushnell. This union has been blessed with three children, viz : Ora M., Melvin and Bessie. Mr. B. is a prominent school-teacher of this township and parts of McDonough Co. He is at present farming, yet' his old school patrons are constantly requesting him to resume teaching. Samuel Baughman, sec. 18; P. O., Table Grove; was educated in the common schools here. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Co. F, 103d I. V- L, and honorably discharged July 7, 1865. He par ticipated in twenty battles, among which were the following: Mis sion Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, siege of Atlanta and many others. He was married Sept. 10, 1868, to Mary J. Carlin, by whom he has 3 children, — Wm. Perry, Mary R. and Sarah E. They are very intelligent children, especially Mary R., who has great literary talent. Akin Bossort; P. O., Table Grove; was brought here by his parents when but 3 years old, which was in 1850. He received a common-school education, and is the son of Daniel BossOrt of Farm ers' township. Alvin was raised a farmer, and is now engaged in farming and stock-raising, in which he has been eminently success ful. He was married, Aug. 22, 1872, to Martha A. Carlin, daugh ter of Mr. Thomas Carlin of Farmers' tp. They have four children, viz : Mary E., Mattie R., Jennie M. and Katie M. WUford E. Boyer was born Sept. 20, 1845, in Fayette Co., Pa., and is the son of Frederick Boyer, of Bureau Co., 111. Mr. Boyer was married April 5, 1866, to Eliza J. Miner, daughter of John F. Miner, of McDonough Co. He is a prominent farmer and stock- raiser of Farmers' township, on section 16. He has filled the dif ferent township offices, and is the present Supervisor. Mr. and Mrs. Boyer have 7 children, — Lucy, Parkie, Miner, Mary, Susie, Annie and Ethel. Mr. B. is a man of a literary turn of mind, and keeps well posted in the current affairs of the day. P. O., Table Grove. William Carithers, of 'the firm of W. & J. Carithers, merchants, Table Grove. When the red man and the deer sported through the forests of Farmers' tp., William Carithers, sen., emigrated hither with his family and settled on sec. 33. He became a prominent farmer, adding to his little homestead until he left 320 acres of val uable land to his heirs. He died Feb. 14, 1851, at the age of 50 years, leaving to his widow a family of 7 children, 6 boys and 1 girl. Mrs. C. is still living on the old home place, at the age of 62 years. There has been no death in the family since the death of 654 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mr. C. The boys are all happily settled around near the old home stead, transacting business for themselves. Robert is a bachelor farmer of McDonough Co., owning 200 acres of well-improved land. Our subject is in the mercantile business with his younger brother, John, in Table Grove. They began business here July 15, 1871, in a building 22x50 feet, capital, $2,600. At present the building is 22x80 feet, present capital, $20,000; annual salea, $20,000. Stephen Carlin; P. O., Table Grove; resides on sec. 20; was born in Ireland May 3, 1814; came to America in 1834, and re mained in Pennsylvania until 1837, when he went tp Virginia, and there remained until 1842 ; is a stone mason, and as such has worked while in the East. He came to Fulton Co. in 1842j bought a farm, and improved it, laboring hard, until he at one time owned over 700 acres. He gave his children each a farm as they were married. He now owns 210 acres of valuable land. No man in Farmers' tp. has worked harder or accumulated more land than Mr. Carlin, with the same amount of capital, in the same length of time. He was married Feb. 8, 1852, to Jane S. Dolan, by whom he had 6 children. Mrs. Carlin died in November, 1871. Mr. Carlin again married in July, 1874, this time to Catharine Rigner, by whom he has 3 chil dren. He has 7 children living, namely : John A., Thomas O., Sophia J., Stephen D., Catharine A., Sarah and Carrie B. Mrs. Carlin, being a widow, had 4 children when Mr. Carlin married her. They are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. C. is regarded as a very charitable man, lending his aid for the support of the Church and other benevolent institutions. John married Rosa Sipples, and resides in McDonough Co. Sophia is the wife of Jeff. Crail, of Vermont. Albert Garrison, sec 5, Farmers' tp. ; P. O., Table Grove ; born in this township Jan. 1, 1846, son of the next mentioned. He re ceived a common-school education in Shinn's school-house. He was raised on the farm, and is now a prominent farmer and stock- raiser of this township. He was married Feb. 17, 1876, to Florence Barnes, daughter of Isaac Barnes, of this township. They have had two children ; but one is living, Charles. Robert Carrison, sec. 8, Farmers' tp. ; P. O., Table Grove ; was born in England Feb. 12, 1816, and is the son of John and Diana Carrison, who were also natives of England. They came to Amer ica in 1837, and located in Pittsburg, Pa-: At that time Pittsburg was a small town. He came to Illinois in 1839, settling at Table Grove. He started in life with nothing, and now owns 300 acres of valuable land, mostly under excellent cultivation. He was mar ried in June, 1842, to Elizabeth Berry, by whom he had 8 children, — 5 girls and 3 boys, — of whom 5 girls and 1 boy are living. He is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, in which he has been very successful. Three of the girls are married, and 2, Harriet and Mary J., remain at home. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 655 Samuel Clemans, farmer ; P. O., Ipava ; his first habitation in Illinois was his wagon, which he and family occupied for 2 months, when they moved into their spacious cabin, 20x18 feet, one story, no doors or widows. Many a night has Mr. Clemans returned from a distance with his clothes frozen on him, being so cold he could not unhitch his team. At present he owns a large tract of land under good cultivation. He was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., Feb. 16, 1816. His father died when he was. quite young; hence he had no educational advantages. His grandfather and father bore the same name that he and a son bear, viz : Samuel. His grandfather was a soldier in both the Revolution and the war of 1812, and after return ing from the latter he would sing many war songs to his grandchil dren and weep while singing. This aged veteran carried two bul lets in his body until death, which occurred at the age of 90 years. Mr. Clemans' grandfather, Samuel Sunderland, was also in the war of 1812, and was a native of England. Mr. C. was married in 1835 to Susan Ripple. They have had 10 children, of whom 5 are living. He is a prominent stock -raiser, and keeps all kinds of stock constantly for sale. Is a general adviser for his neighbors, and a Bepublican. Sylvanus B. Corey, saddle and harness-maker, Table Grove, was born June 25, 1835, in Maine; family lived in Bangor until he was 12 years old, when they removed to Newburyport, Mass. ; there they remained until the spring of '55, when he came to Chicago, and the following fall to Canton, where he has mostly resided until July, 1879, when he located in Table Grove. Here he established a saddle and harness shop, in which business he has been engaged ever since he was 18 years old. He was married April 4, 1857, to Sallie McBain, by whom he has had 2 children : only Frank E. is living. Mr. Corey served in the late war in Co. F, 88th I. V. L, and par ticipated in nearly all the leading battles of the department of the Cumberland; was discharged in June, '65. He is buildngup a fine trade in Table Grove Charles Cox, son of Amos Cox, was. born in Schuylkill Co., Pa., July 19, 1849 ; has been a railroad man for over 3 years, also en gaged in farming for 5 years. He was apprenticed to Benjamin Haffer, a shoemaker, when but 12 years old; he remained with Haffer nearly 4 years, and came to McDonough Co., 111., in 1870, where he engaged in farming. In 1873 he established a shoe-shop in Good Hope, which he carried on successfully for three years, when he removed to Table Grove, where he has had greater success than he had anticipated. He was married Oct. 1, 1875, to Sarah Porter, who has borne him 2 children, John and Amos. Mrs. Cox' father, Samuel Porter, was one of the pioneers of Canton, where he still lives. Wm. W. Cushman. The subject of this sketch was born in Staf ford, Conn., Jan. 28, 1810, and is the son of John and Lois Cush man. He has seen many hardships in his time ; for his father died 656 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. when our subject was but 4 years old, and he was bound out to a man with whom he resided 11 years; when, being tired with his treatment, and discouraged at his prospects for reward, he ran away traveling on foot, through snow and rain, a distance of 14 miles, to a place of safety. He pursued the occupation of iron-moulder for several years, and came to Harris township in 1841. He was mar ried April 6, 1845, to Sally St. Clair, by whom he had 9 children, of whom 8 are living. Mr. Cushman died Oct. 3, 1873. Mr. €., in 1836, while working in Rochester, N. Y., fell in an open sewer and hurt his knee, which rendered him a cripple for life. The names of his children are Ann E., Sarah E., John W., Charles J., Clarissa, Emma J., Peter B. and Mary L. Wm. H. Dilworth, sec. 29, Farmers' tp. ; P. O., Table Grove ; was born in Fulton Co. March 5, 1855. His grandfather, Harvey Har ris, before the excitement of the Black Hawk war had vanished in 1832, came to the wilds of Fulton county and endured many priva tions and hardships in paving the way for the prosperity of future generations. He died in April, 1876. Our subject's father, James Dilworth, is a prominent farmer of Vermont tp. Mr. Dilworth was married,Jan. 12, 1876, to Rozelle Montgomery, daughter of Wm. Montgomery (dec), of Missouri. They have two boys, viz : Thorn ton and Harvey H. Mr. D. is a well-to-do farmer and stock- raiser. - Warner D. Douglas settled here in 1840; has been engaged in the dry-goods and grocery business for 25 years, the last 13 years of which time he has been located in Table Grove, but is now closing out his entire stock of goods, preparatory to removing to Nebraska. He was married, Jan. 3, 1830, to Caroline Brooks, by whom he has had 11 children: 5 are living. He has always been a pioneer. When but 10 years old, he lived in Indiana when the Indians were as numerous there as cur dogs are in Illinois. His father was in the war of 1812. Mrs. Douglas was born June 4, 1810, in N. Y., and is the daughter of Nathan Brooks, who was a prominent soldier in the war of 1812. Shiloh W. Durham, lumber dealer, Table Grove ; was born in Wayne Co., 111., June 18, 1842, and is the son of Washington Dur ham, who was of English descent, and who died in Southern Illi nois, when our subject was but 6 years old. After his father's death his mother moved with her family of four children, Judge, Mariam, Shiloh and Victoria, to Vermont, 111. His mother placed Judge under the care of John Harland of Farmers' tp. The two sisters she kept at home. His mother and the other three children passed through the cholera scourge of 1851 in Vermont. He studied hard between work hours, and at the age of 16 he taught his first school at Hickory Grove, and was retained as teacher for several years. He continued the profession for eleven years. Mr. Durham was married Aug. 24, 1862, to Miss Lou Farr, daughter of Samuel Farr. His family consists of three daughters and one son, viz : Loava R.> HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 657 Nandora, Pearley B. and Judge. Mr. Durham entered the lumber trade in the fall of 1870 at Table. Grove in partnership with Thos. Matthews ; they continued the partnership three years, after which Mr. Durham bought Mr. Matthews' interest, and has continued the business alone since the fall of 1873. He sells over $20,000 worth of stock annually. He and his family are members of Table Grove Christian Church. Nathaniel Easley, farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O., Ipava. In the year 1832 Thomas Easley ventured into the then wilds of Fulton Co., to seek for himself a home. He was a saddler by trade, having learned his trade in Wheeling, Va. He .was also a Surveyor. While working at his trade in Lewistown . he used his surplus money in improving a farm in Farmers' township, sec. 26. He was married March 7, 1836, to Lydia A. Buck, who was born in Harri son Co., O., June 23, 1819. They have had 7 children, of whom 4 are living. Mr. Easley died Dec. 7, 1849. Our subject, Nathaniel Easley, was born May 10, 1848, in Farmers' tp. He is a prosper ous farmer, and is residing on the old home place with his mother. He is also proprietor of a threshing-machine and clover-huller. Robert F. Francis, a native of England, was born May 22, 1843; came to this country when but 4 years old, and remained in New York 5 years, when he Emzey B., Warren, Samuel, Effa, Abner, Emeline and Evaline, twins, and Ella. Daniel Walters; P. O., Ipava ; sec. 36. William Walters in 1822 loaded his wife and two children into a keel-boat in Alabama, and made his way to Illinois by way of the rivers, and landed in Sanga mon Co., where he remained one year, and tben removed to Fulton Co. We frequently speak of old settlers being well known in the early history of this county, but Mr. W. was known nearly all over the State, and none knew him but to love him. When he first landed in 111. he had one bed (straw), a rifle, and 25 cents in money. The first horse he owned he mauled rails to pay for, and this pony was killed by over-riding by a negro who took it without the knowledge of Mr. Walters. Before his death his property was valued at $10,000. He was a very strong man both mentally and physically. He was born in May, 1788, in Jefferson Co., Tenn.; was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving under Gen. Jackson; and consequently was a pensioner up to his death, which occurred Sept, 16, 1877. He also fought in the Black Hawk war. Our subject, Daniel Walters, was born in Bernadotte tp., Oct. 14, 1827, and ex cept 4 years has always resided in Fulton county. He has ridden over the prairies when there was not a spear of grass amiss. The first school he attended was when he was 13 years old, in a round- log house, fully described elsewhere in this volume. His father had ten children, our subject being the 6th. He was married, April 5, 1850, to Sarah H. Dobbins, by whom he had 9 children. Mrs. Walters died March 17, 1874. Mr. Walters again married, March 12, 1876; Mary A. Carrison, a sister of Robert Carrison of this tp. As before stated, he is the father of 9 children, 2 boys and 7 girls, viz : Charles R., Jane A., Ellen E., James E., M. Cornelia, Louisa H., Laura V., Sarah E. and M. Ida. Hiram Walters was born in Sangamon Co., 111., Jan. 23, 1825, son of Wm. Walters, and was brought here by his parents when but 3 weeks old. At that time there were but 12 men in the county over 21 years of age, including himself. He resided on the Gus, Stewart farm near Lewistown for 10 years, when he settled in Farmers' tp. Here he erected a double log barn, and to procure hands to raise this barn he actually went to Canton and Copperas creek. He mauled rails all day for a half bushel of corn, carried it to the mill on his back, and there paid 10 cents for grinding on a HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 675 horse mill. He was a great hunter, always keeping his family sup plied with fresh meat from the forests. He was captain of the little band of 12 settlers who routed a band of the Pottawatomie and Cherokee Indians, for plundering, and for abusing the white women, during the pioneer days of Fulton county. He died, Sept. 23, '77, loved and respected by all who knew him. Our subject was mar ried, April 23, 1846, to Mary A. Hoyle, by whom he had 8 chil dren : of these 5 are living, viz : Geo. Washington, Andrew Jackson, Olive, Cora Ann and Eva. Olive is married to Franklin Waid, a school-teacher of Bardolph, 111. George W. and Andrew J. are both married, and are also farmers. John Walters deceased, was born in East Tennessee, Oct. 13, 1810, and was reared on a farm. He was one of the pioneers of Fulton county, having settled here in 1829. He was energetic in improving the country, and thus lending a helping hand to the progress of civilization. He was married in 1836 to Freelove Whitley, by whom he had 13 children; 8 are living, viz: Martha, Wm., Eli, Peter, Thomas, Bailey, Isaac and Lydia. Mr. Walters died Oct. 14, 1850. His son Eli J. resides with his mother on the old home place. Thomas J. Walters, was born in Sangamon Co., 111., near Sugar Grove, June 12, 1820, and is the son of Wm. and Elizabeth Walters, deceased. His father, a soldier of 1812, under Gen. Jackson, settled in Sangamon Co. the same year. The Indians were their nearest neighbors, and in fact were very good neighbors. Mr. W alters (Wm.) was in the Black Hawk war under Gen. Stillman, and was at his defeat. He related a laughable incident occurring at that battle : After the battle was over he found one Mr. with his head and upper part of his trunk in a flour barrel, while his hind quarters loomed up exposed to the fire of the enemy and to the laughing gaze of the soldiers. This man's sons are still living in this county. Mr. Walters died Sept. 19, 1877. Our subject was brought by his* father to Fulton Co. in 1821, to Pleasant tp., where they remained until 1830, when they settled in Farmers' tp. on section 9. When quite small he had no other playmates than the Indian boys, for whom he had as much respect as if they were white boys. He was married Aug. 6, 1840, to Jane McCaughey, by whom he had 8 children; 7 are living. Their names are, Win. H. H., Milton, Elizabeth J., Josephine, Franklin P., Mortimer and Sarah E. Wm. G. Walters, sec. 5 ; P. O., Table Grove ; was born and raised in this township, where he now resides, a prominent farmer and stock-raiser in this part of the county. He was born Aug. 8, 1838, and was raised a farmer's boy. His educational advantages were very limited, as his father died when he was but 12 years old, leaving a family of 13 children ; our subject being the eldest. His grand father, Absalom Walters, settled in this township in 1829, and endured the hardships and privations that early settlers are heir to: Our subject was married Aug. 20, 1862, to Ellen Carrison, daughter of Robert Carrison, of Farmers' tp. They have 7 children, viz ; 676 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mary E., Alice F., Emma C., Wm. A., Lydia and Ann (twins) and Marion F. His father, John A., was born in Alabama, and came with his father, Absalom, to this county. Mr. Wm. G. Walters served in Co. F, 103d I. V. L, in the late war and participated in the battles at Vicksburg, Jackson, Mission Ridge, Resaca, Dallas Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, and others, and was with Sherman on his noted march to the sea. He was discharged July 7, 1865. George Wisler, sec. 17; P. O., Table Grove. His father, Henry Wisler, settled in Ohio in 1806, when George was a little boy, giv ing him all the opportunities necessary for developing his muscular power. He purchased 1,120 acres of timber land in Pickaway Co., O., where our subject lived- until Sept., 1851, when he came to Ful ton county, settling on sec. 17, Farmers' township, where he still resides, a prominent farmer. No man has performed more physical labor in his day than has Mr. Wisler. He made a good farm in Ohio in the timber, hence he knows all about log-rolling and pull ing dogwoods, etc. These jolly old fellows had their fun as well as hard labor. He was invariably chosen captain of one of the con tending parties at the log-rollings and corn-huskings. Mr. Wisler was married in 1823 to Sally Throckmorton, by whom he had 8 children : of these 5 are living. Mrs. Wisler died July 10, 1834. He again married in 1835, this time to Maria Bunn, by whom he has one child. His second wife died in 1868. Theodore Wright, merchant, Table Grove ; is a native of this county. His father, Granville Wright, one of the pioneers of Ver mont township, came to Illinois in Sept., 1836, and settled on sec. 8 in that township ; he is a prominent farmer and stock-raiser. He is the father of 5 children, of whom our subject is second. Mr. Wright was educated in Abingdon College, and after leaving in June, 1871, he engaged in the hardware business in Table Grove, which he still continues ; in the meantime he has added a full line of drugs and groceries, carrying in all a stock of $4,000. He has been very successful in the business. He was appointed Postmaster in 1871, in which capacity he still remains. He was married, Oct. 29, 1875, to Miss Ida B. Raby, daughter of Simon Raby, of Pen nington's Point, 111. They have 2 children, viz : Nellie and Clar ence A. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a full and complete list of the Supervisors, Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving in this township since its organization : SUPERVISORS. J. H. Kinne 1850 J.L.Epperson 1868-70 N. W. Perry 1851 Henry Smither 1871-72 John Price 1852-54 T. L. Frazier 1873-76 Asaph Perry 1855-59 JosephBarker 1877-78 J. H. Kinne 1860-66 Welford Boyer 1879 Asaph Perry 1867 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 677 TOWN CLERKS. John C. Ross 1850 Abram Jarvis 1851 James McCall 1852 " J. S. Rees 1853-56 Jacob Bossort 1857-69 Chas. V. Haskin 1870-72 William Carithers 1873 Theodore Wright 1874 S. W. Durham 1875-77 LaFayette Barker 1878 S. W. Durham 1879 ASSESSORS. Frank Andrews 1850 John A. Harland 1851 James McCall 1852-53 J. H. Kinne 1854 A. Perry 1855 J. H. Kinne 1856-57 J.C.Ross 1F58-59 Jacob Bossort 1860 Joseph Barker 1861-62 Jacob Bossort 1863 A. McCaley 1864 A. Abernathy 1865-71 Samuel Wisler 1872 Addison Abernathy 1873 J. P. Strode 1874 Addispn Abernathy 1875 Bobert Bailey 1876 Eli Walter 1877 William Hammond 1878 James P. Strode 1879 COLLECTORS. W. A. Perry 1850-51 Robert Andrews 1852 J. H. Kinne 1853-54 D. A. Connell 1855 James Barker 1856-58 J. H. Kinne 1859 Enos Tarter .- 1860 Jacob Bossort 1861 John W. Barker 1862-63 Stephen Carlin 1864 Nelson Wheedon 1865 Elisha Lindsey 1866 Samuel Stewart 1867 Warren Baker 1868 Thomas Carlin 1869 G. D. Casey 1870 Eli J.Walters 1871 Samuel Baughman 1872 Robert Bailey 1873 Wilson McDaniels 1874-75 Samuel Wisler 1876 C. E. Barker 1877 James Colville 1878 George R. Barker 1879 FARMINGTON TOWNSHIP. This beautiful township will compare favorably with any tract of land six miles square in the Northwest. Sunshine and dew never fell upon a fairer land. It is under the best of cultivation, and the farms are unsurpassed in point of modern improvements and an advanced and perfect state of cultivation. Jonah Marchant, with his wife and four children, was the first that lived through a winter in this township. Mr. Marchant came in October, 1827, andpassed the following winter in a small cabin 12x14 feet in size. He knew this was a fair land and concluded to remain here. Accordingly he set about in the spring to build a more pretentious dwelling. He erected a hewn-log cabin. In this he lived for seven years. Seth Littler, a brother-in-law of the Marchants, lived in the township a few months in the spring and summer of the year 1827. He then left in company with some of his relatives for the Galena lead mines, which just at that time were causing such excitement. Mr. Littler, however, returned the same year and located near Can ton, which at that time was a very small beginning for' a town. He died that fall about the time Jonah Marchant settled in Farming- ton. The creek that heads south of Farmington was named in honor of Mr. Littler. In the spring of 1828 Charles and Theodore Sargeant, the gen tlemen so often spoken about in the first chapter of this book, located in this township. The former settled upon the southeast quarter of sec. 12. He remained here a few years, when he moved upon the land he received as bounty land for his services in the war of 1812. He is living yet, so far as we can learn. Theodore Sar geant settled the place where Kidder brothers now live, on the southeast quarter of sec. 2. Some years later he settled what was known as the Mound Quarter, being the southeast quarter of sec. 1, where he lived until he died, which occurred suddenly July 15, 1871. He was 76 years of age at the time; was a member of the M. E. Church and a man highly respected. Abraham Marchant was the next pioneer to venture so far from civilization. He arrived June 27, 1828, and had to build a small house, one suitable for a smoke-house, before he could have a place to unload his goods from the wagon. He built a better cabin in the fall of the same year, in which he lived until 1835, when he and his brother Jonah each erected a one-story brick dwelling upon the northwest quarter of sec. 13. This property, with several other ^t$ii&*i im .<& (SPTa FARMINGTON TP HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 681 pieces of land they owned, has passed into other hands. This was called the Marchant settlement for many years, until it was super ceded by the village of Farmington, which was started in the year 1836 or 1837. Among other prominent first settlers were Ahira Jones, who settled upon the first section of the township — on the N. E. £ of sec. 1 — in 1829. Mr. Abraham Marchant tells us that he helped him to raise his cabin on Saturday, and upon Sunday they put the clapboard roof on. He lived in this rude cabin for several years 1 and then built a good hewed-log house, and during the decade be tween 1850 and 1860 he erected a brick dwelling, in which he lived until his death. That occurred in 1874. Of those early pilgrims who came into the township prior to to 1840 many are dead, some have moved to other parts of the country and a few still reside here. Among these now called to mind are A. G. Gridley, Spencer Cone, J. N. Harkin, Israel Scales, Furman Brown, now 88 years old, M. B. Chapin, who died in 1872, James Armstrong, died in 1879, John T. Dunn, Henry Cone, Luther Birge, 83 years old, Daniel Tanner, Russell Stone, died in 1872, Joel Brown, who came to this county with his father in 1824, Seth Bristol, died in 1877, Daniel Brohard, died in 1879, Abines White, died in 1879, A. G. Pinegar, and a few others of the old settlers who are yet upon the stage of action. Abraham Marchant, son of Jonah Marchant, was the first white child born in the township. He is at present fifty years old. The first sermon was delivered by Rev. Asa D„ West, a local M. E. preacher, in Jonah Marchant's cabin in 1828. In 1832 or 1833 the first school-house was built in the center of what is now the city of Farmington, The first school was taught by Isaac Cutter in one of Ahiras Jones's cabins. FARMINGTON. ' This, is one of the most beautifully situated towns throughout this part of the State. It is built upon an eminence which overlooks . one of the most fertile sections of the Northwest. A better site could not have been selected, even in this fair country. Farmington was laid out by Joseph Cone, George W. Little and Hiram Palmer, Oct. 9, 1834, upon section 1. Mr. Cone came to the township in 1833 and settled upon the southwest quarter of section 1. He first lived in a log cabin which had been erected upon this place some time before. In 1836 he erected a house upon the same site, which has withstood the storms of many winters. Mr. Cone was a liberal, enterprising and highly esteemed citizen. He and his wife were members of the first Church organized in Farmington, which was the Congregational Church. When they first settled here Indians often visited them at their cabin home and wild animals were nu merous. Mr. Little still lives where he erected his first residence in the mfent village. He was a merchant and, opened the first dry- 41 682 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. goods store in .the town, and was also the first Postmaster. Mr. Hea ton was the next one to come in with a stock of goods. He is still living here, and has as great/ love for a good gun as when wild animals and game were abundant, although he does not hunt so much ,as in former years. The town grew rapidly for a time, when it suffered like most places, on account of not being on the. first, railroad in this section, "and for some years was at a stand-still. The class of resi dents indicate a wealthy and cultured people. .The fine church edi fices, than which no town of its size can boast of better, shows the community to be religious, devotional and liberal in sentiment. The magnificent school building which stands in the city is a sure index to the interest the people take in educational, matters. This is a large three-story brick structure, surmounted by a well-proportioned belfry, and was erected in 1866. It is suppled .with all.of the mod ern school conveniences and helps, and an efficient corps of instruct ors are training the young. Many additions have been made to the town since its was first platted. East of the original town are Cone's addition and Henry Cone's addition. In the former is located a beautiful com mon, which is an attractive) feature of the town. Upon the north is the Palmer & Cone addition. Upon the west, are Cone's, Little's, Smith's Jand Gregory's additions, Palmer's first, second, third addi tions. South of the south' line of the original town are Collins' ad dition* Chapman & Reed's addition, Nelson's -addition, Fawcett's addition and Brown's sub-division. In Chapman & Reed's addi tion is located the school-house square. One of the most exciting periods, of the history of the town was the time when the women of the place made war upon the saloons. The whisky war, as we will term it, was an event which at the time caused so great excitement (and is one of the important items in the history of the place) that we will recount it : . For some time, previous the town ha"d been infested with a number _ of drinking saloons. A number of tile wives of the unfortunate men who spent their hard-earned cash and were made crazy at the places, had from time to time waited upon all the. grocery-keepers and re quested them to desist from selling their husbands liquor. Their requests were unheeded, and in some instances they were treated with Outrageous, contempt. This state of affairs aroused the ladies of the town, to concerted action to free the community of these resorts. They, held several meetings, and Saturday, March 15, 1856, about 19 of.the respectable ladies of the town marched into the streets armed with axes, hoes, clubs, etc. They were amply protected by about a hundred men and boys. It is said to have been' a grand sight, to see this determined band filing, down the street. The first saloon attacked suffered the worst. The window was demolished ; the decanters swept from the shelves ; all the barrels containing liquor were,sburst open and their contents spilled upoh the floor. A num- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 683 ber of barrels were branded " cider vinegar," and they also suffered, for it was feared they too contained liquor. One pf the grocery-keepers, after witnessing in silence the destruc tion ofhis property, as soon as the work was completed jumped upon the counter and proposed three cheers to the ladies, to which the crowd heartily responded. After this he made a speech in which he frankly acquitted the ladies of all blame and pledged his honor as a man never to deal in the destructive fluid again. Another of the saloon keepers asked the brave lady Captain during the excitement if she was not afraid. She replied, " No, sir ; I am not afraid of any man who ever walked God's earth, — much less a contemptible doggery- keeper." This short, pointed speech, coming from a resolute woman, quieted the gentleman. After having accomplished their object the ladies retired to their respective homes and soon quiet was restored in the town. One or two of the saloon-keepers counseled a lawyer for the purpose of prosecuting these daring females. He was ad vised to " let the women alone." As biographical sketches of old residents and leading citizens will best constitute the rest of the history of the township, we pro ceed now to give them. John Abbott, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Farmington. The subject of this sketch was born in Indiana, Jan. 10, 1835; is the son of Alex. and Nancy (Doty) of Ohio. John Abbott came to this county in 1845. He had but a limited advantage to obtain an education, never having attended school here. He, owns 320 acres of land, all of which he has made by his own efforts during the last 23 years. He was married to Margaret Barkley in 1854, who bore him 7 chil dren, — 3 boys and 4 girls, all of whom are living. John Berdine, farmer, was born in New Jersey, March 7, 1831, where also his father was born, but his mother was a native of Pennsylvania. He sold his farm of 160 acres and bought the Farmers' Mills and Elevator in Farmington, and at present deals largely in grain. He has been School Director and Assessor, in Peoria county. Democrat. In 1854 he married Mary J. Wilson, and they have two boys and two girls. The boys are working in the mill. Luther Birge was born in Litchfield Co., Ct., Oct. 28, 1797, the son of Simeon and Elizabeth (Hamblin) Birge ; Nov. 5, at midnight, 1836, he landed at Copperas Creek ; has lived here in Farmington 42 years; has kept an underground railroad depot, sometimes painting the darkies to disguise them ; three different times his name was given to the grand jury for indictment, but they never found a bill. He owns valuable land within the city limits. Selden Bond, farmer, was born Nov. 9, 1813, in Ohio; came to this county in 1835; has worked 25 years at blacksmithing; finan cially he has been successful. In 1834 he married Maria Kady, and they have had five children, 4 of whom are living. Democrat. Meal Brown, farmer, was born, in New York in 1794, son of 684 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Daniel and Catherine Brown ; in 1825 he married Catherine Loomis • was member of the State Militia, belonging to Artillery Company at Malta, Washington Co., N. Y. ; in 1847, emigrated to Farmington; has had 4 boys and 3 girls ; only two are living now ; wife died in Sept., 1872. Presbyterian. Republican. Mr. B. owns 160 acres of land in Henry Co. T. J. Burbridge was born in Ohio, Feb. 27, 1836, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Pollon) ; his father was a salt-manufacturer, a native of Kentucky, and his mother of Virginia ; family emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1847 ; T. J. has spent most of his life in the coal business, commencing in Ohio when but 9 years old ; has mined at Yates City, Cuba, Civer, etc. ; farmed a little while ; had poor luck at Peoria ; ran a saloon awhile in Farmington, but is now a zealous temperance man and is entertaining as a temperance speaker. He attributes his reform to the efforts of his wife, of Mrs. Russell and of others in Farmington. He is now in the coal business. William Caldwell was born in Mercer Co., Penn., Oct. 8, 1806, the son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Donaldson) Caldwell, the former a native of Ireland and the latter of Pennsylvania; in 1855 the subject of this sketch emigrated to Farmington ; has been farmer, cabinet-maker and merchant ; in the latter capacity he suffered great loss in the financial panic of 1857 ; for 18 years he has also been in the insurance business, and for the last 15 years has been Postmaster; has also been School Trustee, Collector, Justice of the Peace and Police Magistrate. Republican. Emerson Clark was born in Massachusetts June 8, 1847, son of Elisha Y. and Mehetabel (Thayers), natives of the same State; educated in high schools ; came to Farmington in 1866 ; has fol lowed the butcher business most of his life ; his father has followed this trade since 1 840, and they together have conducted a shop here since 1866, and in this time 13 other shops have been started here; but Mr. Clark has the most custom and the others generally quit after awhile. March 10, 1872, Mr. Emerson Clark married Emma F. Wait, and Bessie W. is their only child. Mr. C. is a Freema son and a Democrat. Henry Cone is an early settler here. He has sown wheat and raised 40 bushels to the acre where the best part of Farmington now stands. He was born Sept. 17, 1809, the son of Joseph and Eliza beth (Candee), natives of" Connecticut ; he came to Fulton county in 1833 and settled here in 1834. He now owns 800 acres, 300 in Fulton county; is a successful farmer. Has helped Farmington very perceptibly. He gave $2,000 for the first railroad to the place, and something toward the proposed narrow-gauge railroad. He has been married twice, and has 6 children living. Congregationalist. Republican. Never had a lawsuit. Spencer Cone was born in Litchfield, Ct., Sept. 21, 1814, the son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Candee) Cone ; educated in the high schools of Connecticut ; by occupation a farmer ; studied law and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 685 was admitted to the Bar of the State and also to that of the United States; practiced five years in Wisconsin; came to this county in the spring of 1834 ; has been School Trustee, Director, Justice of the Peace, etc. ; is Surveyor now. In March, 1839, he was married, and his children are Joseph, Spencer, Eliza beth and Wm. B. Mr. Cone has been a member of the Congrega tional Church for 50 years; has been Deacon, Elder, etc. In politics he is a Republican. /. E. Deuel, farmer, was born Nov. 10, 1816, in New York State, son of Philip and Sarah (Babcock), natives of Connecticut ; came to Farmington in 1837; learned the cooper's trade, but is now a farmer, owning 180 acres of land. Democrat. Has been School Director, Road Commissioner, Town Clerk and Mayor of Farming- ton two terms. Nov. 8, 1840, he married Clara A. Porter, daughter of Col. Porter, and they have 2 boys and 2 girls. /. T. Dickey, carpenter and joiner, was born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 17, 1833, son of George and Margaret L. Dickey ; he came to Farmington June 17, 1864; was drafted in 1863, and paid the $300 commutation; in 1859 he married Lydia E. McLaughlin, and they have 2 boys and 2 girls. Mr. D. has followed his trade most of the time since he was 19 years old. Democrat; Presbyterians. P. O., ' Farmington. John T.Dunn, farmer, was born Oct. 12, 1816, son to David and Bebecca (Marchant) Dunn, all of Virginia, and the father brought up a Quaker, but afterward joined the M. E. Church. John T. was educated in Ohio; in 1836 he settled where he still resides, worth then but $75, but now has 168 acres of land, besides helping his children. Has been School Director 15, years, Town Trustee and Commissioner of Highways. In 1836 he married Elizabeth Bevers, and their 9 children are all living. Mr. Dunn is a Republican ; his wife belongs to the M. E. Church. P. O., Farmington. George Fawcett, dairyman, was born in Schuyler Co., N. Y., Nov. 14, 1820; his father Richard was a native of Ireland, and his mother Margaret Fawcett, nee Roberts, was born in Penn. Mr. F. began to work at the carpenter trade when 1 8 years old and worked at it for 20 years, when he with others started the Farmington Agricult ural Works, which ran successfully until destroyed by fire in 1870. It was rebuilt the same year. Mr. F. came to this county March 18, 1846, and Sept. 5, 1846, he was married to Lydia A. Sergeant, who was born Dec. 6, 1828. They have 2 children : Rachel and Theoore. In March, 1874, Mr. F. started a dairy and has con tinued in that business since, and at present milks 35 cows. /. T. Fink, farmer, was born in Maryland, Sept. 24, 1830, son of Solomon and Sarah (Bicxler?), natives of the same State; educated in Ohio; arrived in this county Nov. 2, 1846, and settled on sec. 14, this tp., where he has resided ever since, owning 107 acres of land. Jan. 27, 1853, he was married, has had 5 children, 4 of whom are living. M. E. Church. Democrat. P. O., Famington. 686 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Dr. M. T. Gamble was born in Beaver Co., Pa., Feb. 2, 1850, and is the son of Andrew and Mary (Thompson) Gamble, farmers. The Doctor attended an academy in Pa. and Winchester College in that State for his literary education. He attended the Missouri Medical College and won a prize as a scholar. He came to this county in 1871 and to Canton in 1875, and practiced his profes sion here, enjoying a large and successful practice. In 1864 he en listed in the 17th Pa. Cav. and served until the close of the war. T. S. Gentle, farmer, sec 26, Farmington tp. ; born in Hamilton Co., O., June 26, 1845, son to John and Louisa (Higdon), father from Maryland and mother from Ohio ; emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1855; attended Lombard University at Galesburg; owns 130 acres of farm land; is a Democrat ; has been School Director 4 years; is also a Freemason, and has been Master 3 years ; never used tobacco or whisky. Sept. 6, 1876, he married Sallie Kessler: Annie May is their only child. John S. Green, farmer, was born June 19, 1821, in New York, son of John and Sally (Maxson), natives of the same State ; came to this county in 1855, settling within 30 rods of where he now lives; he owns 620 acres of land, well stocked, but he has seen hard times ; a few years ago he was working for $10 and $12 a month, He is a Republican, and has been School Director and Road Overseer, hut he seeks to avoid office. In 1843 he married Qaroline Sanders, and their children are 4 boys and 2 girls, all living. Seventh-Day Bap-. tists. P. O., Farmington. ; Charles Greenleaf, dentist, was born Sept. 1, 1809, in Hartford, Ct., the son of Charles and Electa (Taylor) G., natives of the same State and town; in 1848 he emigrated to Farmington, in 1850 to Peoria and in 1873 back to Farmington; has worked at dentistry 40 years ; was employed by . the Government 8 years ; both his father and grandfather were dentists ; his son is also a dentist, now practicing in Peoria. July 4, 1833, Mr. G. married Caroline B. Wilson ; their four children are all boys ; Mr. Greenleaf is a Repub« lican, and he and his wife are Congregationalists. He has traveled considerably in his life-time ; has been to Mexico. John Harper, farmer, was born in Franklin Co., Penn., in 1817, son of Michael and Nancy (Campbell), his father a native of Ire land and his mother of Pennsylvania ; emigrated to this county in 1847, settling in Canton ; he now owns 540 acres of land. In 1840 he married Eleanor Roberson, and they have 3 sons and 4 daughters. Robert H., the eldest son, resides in Knox Co. He served 2 years in the 11th Ill.'Cav. Four of the children are married. Episcopal Methodists. Democrat. Charles W. Heaton, druggist, was born in Farmington, Nov. 30, 1841, son of Morgan and Sarah A. (Fountain) ; his father was born in Pennsylvania and his mother in New York ; they emigrated to this county in May, 1837; father is a gunsmith; Charles W. at present is keeping store in' Farmington ; is a good actor in stage HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 687 plays; is now the highest officer of the I. O. O. F. in Illinois. In 1862 he married Anna Bishop, and they have two boys. Mr. H. is a Democrat. C. M. Hill. At Albany, N. Y., March 1, 1831, the subject of this sketch was born. His parents, William and Sarah (Cotton) Hill, were from North Carolina. He is engaged in farming upon sec. 27. He was united in marriage with Mary Ann . Hulick in 1856. To them have been born a family of 12 children, — 6 boys and 6 girls, all of whom are living. Mr. H. belongs to the Eeformed Church at Norris. E. M. Hill, farmer, was born in White Co., Tenn., July 20, 1814, son of Wm. and Sarah (Cotton), natives of the sunny South; the subject of this sketch was educated in Alabama ; came to Fulton Co. in 1834; now owns 300 acres of land; July 26, 1831, he married Elizabeth McCarty, and they have had 6 sons and 4 daughters ; 9 of these children are living. Mr. Hill has witnessed all the changes this county has undergone from its native wildness to its present high state of development. He was originally a Jackson Democrat, then a Free-Soiler and now a Republican, — all this, however, with out any change of principles. George Hunter, farmer, was born in 1806 in Ireland, son of Henry and Mary (Gordon) ; emigrated to this country in 1826, and to Fulton- coutkty in 1838 ; has followed weaving 10 years ; and been a railroad employe. He is now a successful farmer. . Is a promi nent Freemason and a Democrat. His wife is a Presbyterian. P. O., Farmington. ' /. Marshall Jack, grocer, etc., Farmington; born Sept. 27, 1855, in Westmoreland Co., Penn., to Matthew and Mary (Marshall) Jack; worked on his father's farm until 1877, when he commenced business in Farmington. In 1878 he married Anna Petrie; they are Presbyterians, and he is a Republican. He was educated in the common schools and at the Galesburg Business College. He is in company with Mr. Petrie, and they deal in groceries, boots and shoes, queensware, glass, etc Atharin Keeling was born in Hardin Co., Ky., May 12, 1823, the son of Lewis and Lydia (Honey), natives of Kentucky ; in 1827 the family came to Illinois and in 1841 to Fulton Co. ; the subject of this sketch obtained his education in Springfield, 111. ; he followed brick and tile-making a number of years ; from 1857 to 1860 he had a dry-goods and grocery store in Canton ; has been Alderman several terms in Canton, Commissioner of Highways and School Director; is a Republican. He married Marv C. Wilion April 23, 1846, and now has 2 boys and 4 girls. Hi resides in Farmington and owns a 100-acre farm on sec 2 near the city. Alvan Kidder was born in Norfolk Co., Mass., Nov. 25, 1824, the son of Alvan and Betsy (Mann) Kidder, the former a native of Vermont and the latter of ^Massachusetts ; settled in Farmington, 111., in 1847, where he had a shoe-Store until 1851 ; Oct. 24, 1852, 688 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. he married Lucy J. Ewalt, and they have 3 children, all living. Mr. K. is a radical Democrat, and when he lectures on temperance the house is always crowded. Although his name is Kid-der he handles his subject without kid gloves. John A. Leeper, farmer, sec. 17, this tp; was born near Cincin nati, O., Dec. 3, 1831, son of Wm. and Eleanor (Lake) Leeper, natives of Ohio; emigrated to Fulton county in 1840; educated in the common Schools and at Mount Morris Seminary, Ogle Co., 111. ; has been School Director, School Trustee, Road Commissioner, and for a number of years a Director of the Agricultural Society; in 1877 he was' elected State Senator from the 25th District; was a delegate to the first farmers' convention at Kewanee, and to the Bloomington 'convention which was the start. of the grange move ment in the United States. In 1857 he married Linnie F. Oujlom, sister of the present State Governor. They have had 4 children ; 2 are dead. Mr. Leeper owns 180 acres of land, is a Republican, and his wife is a member of the M. E. Church. Rev. G. J. Luckey was born in Buckheart tp., this county, Oct. 28, 1841, a son of John and Elizabeth A. (McCreary), natives of Maryland ; educated at Hedding College, Abingdon, and at the Northwestern University at Evanston, 111. ; licensed to preach in 1864; in 1868 entered the Conference, and has continued in that relation ever since ; has preached at, Hamilton, 111., Qolchester, 111., Terre Haute, Ind., etc., and is at present preaching at' Farmington. Nov. 23, 1865, he married Frances N. Ward; a native of Illinois. They have 3 children, — John E., Maud, and George M. Mr. L. enlisted in Co. A, 55th 111. Inf., Aug. 14, 1861 ; was in the battle- of Shiloh, but was soon afterward discharged on account of disa bility, when he was Second Sergeant. In politics, Republican. Clark Manning, carriage and wagon-maker, was born in England Sept. 17, 1842, son of John and Jane (Hardy) ; came to this country in 1865; runs a carriage and wagoa shop; learned his trade in Toronto, Canada ; has also learned to read and write without going to school. During the recent war he enlisted in Co. A, 9th Mich. Inf., was in the battle of Stone River, Lookout Mountain, etc., and was a prisoner at Andersonville awhile. In 1872 he married Caro line Pulver, a native of New York. He votes for the best man. Abraham Marchant was born in Berkeley Co., Va., Nov. 4, 1798; parents emigrated to Ohio in 1813 ; in the family were 6 sons and 4 daughters, Abraham being the 3d son ; in 1817 he married Elizabeth Brown, and until 1828 lived in Highland Co. ; June 27 of this year they settled in Farmington tp., when their nearest neighbor was ten miles distant: They have 4 sons and 4 daughters, who at present reside near Farmington. Mr. M. lives with his youngest daughter, Mrs. E. D. Spencer, Mrs. M. having died. Mr. Marchant, a Jack son Democrat, was a member of the Baltimore' Convention in 1860 which nominated Douglas for President. When he was 17 years old his father died, in Ohio, aged 53; his mother died in April, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 689 1845, aged 78 years. Mr. M.'s'brothers and sisters are all dead but the youngest brother and sister, who are in Highland Co., Ohio. His eldest sister lived to be 92 : she died in August, 1878, in same county. Jonah Merchant the first permanent settler of Farmington tp., was born in Berkeley Co., Va., Sept. 23, 1794. He moved to Ohio in 1813 and there married Sarah Brown, Dec. 3, 1814. He left Ohio in 1827 and came to what is now Farmington and settled upon the northeast quarter of sec. 13. He moved into a cabin built by David Harkness. Mr. M. erected the first log cabin ever built in Farmington. He was a farmer and died Feb. 25, 1872. He took an active part in the early Indian troubles here, and we find in the possession of J. D. Hurd, editor of the Farmington News, some commissions made to Mr. M. during these primitive times. There is one dated July 8, 1831, and signed by Gov. John Reynolds, which commissions him First Lieut, of 32d 111. Regt.; April 1, 1832, a Captain's commission. July 26, 1830, he was appointed Justice of the Peace by Gov. Ninian Edwards ; by Gov. Reynolds Sept. 15, 1831; by Gov. Duncan Sept. 5, 1835, and by Wm. H. Davidson, acting Governor, Sept. 11, 1837. B. K. Marshall, carpenter, was born Sept. 15, 1825, a son of Wm. and Mary (Kirkpatrick), natives of Pennsylvania ; emigrated to this county in March, 1866 ; has clerked in a store 4 years ; in 1852 he married Maria Buckhannon ; she died in 1877, since which time Mr.. Marshall's daughter has kept house for him. Mr. M. is a Democrat, and has been Justice of the Peace (in Peoria Co.). Presbyterian. He and his partner did most of the wood-work on the town hall in Farmington. James Mason was born in Fayette Co., Pa., Jan. 21, 1810, the son of Jacob and Catharine Mason, the former of Pennsylvania, the latter of Virginia ; James was brought up a farmer in Ohio, edu cated in the common schools, and emigrated to Fulton county in 1837 ; at present he is landlord of a hotel in Farmington and owns 220 acres of good land in Knox Co. He is a Spiritualist, but is very reticent concerning his religious and political views. In 1840 he married Jane Jackson, and in 1849 Sarah Taylor. He has had 4 children, 2 of whom are married. Alexander Maxwell, farmer, came to Fulton county in 1825 (notice the time). This early pioneer was born in Pennsylvania May 30, 1805, son of Wm. and Ann (Judy) M. ; his grandfather was from Scotland and a Captain under Gen. George Washington; his father was born in Virginia and his mother in Kentucky ; they emigrated to Illinois Territory in 1807; went in 1827 to Missouri and finally died there, Alex. Maxwell now owns 636 acres of land in Fulton Co., besides town property. He served 4 months in the Black Hawk war, and was with Stillman at his defeat in 1831. He mar ried Mary Ellis, and they had 11 children, 3 of whom are dead; 1 was killed in the army. Episcopal Methodist. Republican. 690 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. , John L. McCoy, farmer, was bofn Sept. 4, 1807, in Washington county, N. Y., the son of Joseph and Eleanor (Taylor), natives of the same State; in^May, 1841, he married Jane Shaw; in 1845, emi grated to this county, followed farming, and now owns 120 acres of land ; ' has had 3 boys and 3 girls ; one boy (Joseph) has died. Mr. McCoy is a Democrat and his wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Nathaniel Meeker, farmer, was born Jan. 17, 1817, in Hamilton county, O., the son of David and Nancy (Miller) M., the former of Dutch ancestry and a native of New Jersey, and the latter of Scotch descent and born""in Pennsylvania ; in 1 838 Mr. Nathaniel Meeker emigrated to Fulton Co., settling near Fairview, where he burned the first brick that was burned in that township, in 1842; followed brick-making 17 years, and the rest of the time farming; he owns 240 acres of land in Peeria county. Jan. 22, 1844, he married Rachel D. Hunt, a native of Ohio, and they have had 5 boys and 3 girls, 3 children married; the eldest daughter married Jackson Mason and lives in Knox county; the third son is a grain merchant in Nebraska ; the fourth son is a teacher. Mr. Meeker has been Justice of the Peace 12 years, Police Magistrate, School Director, etc., but never had a lawsuit of his own. In politics he is a " Green backer." Henry D. Morton, farmer, sec. 20. Mr. M. was born in Ohio Jan. 27, 1831 phis parents are Eliphalet and Mary Alexander, his wife. When 4 years old Henry D. was brought to this county, and was educated here in the common schools. ; He owns 320 acres of land and in life has been generally successful. In 1854 he was married to Maria Wilson, who has borne him 5 children, — 2 boys and 3 girls, — 4 of whom are living. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Henry Myers, farmer, sec. 28, is the son of Valentine and Cath arine (Crill) Myers, father of German descent and mother a native of Pennsylvania. He was born in the Keystone State, Nov. 22, 1813, and came to this county in the spring of 1848 and has resided here since. He is extensively engaged in farming and owns .890 acres of land, 730 of them being in Fulton Co. He was united in marriage in 1835 to Maria Eshleman, who has borne him 9 chil dren, — 5 boys and 4 girls, — all of whom are living. His wife is a member of the Dunkard Church. William Norton, teacher and farmer, sec. 16 ; P. Oi, Farmington; was born at South Bend, St. Joseph Co., Ind., Aug. 24, 1844. His father, George C. Norton, was a native of N. Y. His mother, Tamar (Stockdale) Norton, was a native of England. William came to this county in 1864. He attended thercommon schools and the high school at Canton. He was engaged as a clerk in a boot and shoe store at Canton for a year and a half. Jan. 16, 1873, he was married. Archilli C, born Nov. 20, '73, George H., Nov. 16, '75, and the youngest, born June 30, 1878, are his children. As both a teacher and farmer Mr. N. has been successful. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 691 A. G. Pinegar, farmer, was born April 2, 1822, in Pennsylvania, to James and Sarah (Nelson) P., natives of North Carolina; the former of Dutch and the latter of English descent ; has resided in Farmington since 1836; owns 220 acres of land; his father died June, 9, 1867, and his mother is still in this world ; Sept. 25, 1845, he married Matilda Marchant,, and their children are 4 boys and 4 girls, all living. Mr. P. is a Democrat and has been School Di rector; his wife belongs to the M. E. Church. Nelson Plummer, M. D., Farmington, was born Nov. 30, 1813, in Massachusetts, son of Asa and Deborah (Mcltha), the former a na tive of the same State and the latter of Vermont; in 1836 Dr. Plummer emigrated to Illinois, and in 1847 to Farmington, and has continued .ever since to reside on the same lot he then first selected ; he was educated in the common schools of Franklin Co., O. ; he first commenced practice at Knoxville, 111., then 7 years in Iowa, then in this city for 16 years ; but he is a dentist at present. He graduated in medicine at the St. Louis University in 1855. Nov. 28; 1839, he was married, and he has had two sons; but one of these, Charles Henry, died from the effects of a fall at the Farmington depot, and the other, Everett N. was killed by a fall in his barn in Mason Co., 111. Republican. Thomas Putnam, M. D., is the son of V. C. and Deborah (Burns) Putnam, and was born in New York State Dec. 8, 1836. The Dr. came to this county in 1859. Ten years later upon his birthday anniversary he was married. David Henderson is the name of a child he has adopted. His wife is a member of the Congregational Church". James Ralston was born in Westmoreland Co., Penn., Jan. 3, 1817, son of Wm. and Anna (Sloan), father from Ireland and mother a native of Pennsylvania ; he has been a successful farmer, but is now retired from active busiuess; resides on 5 acres of ground in the limits of Farmington ; has lived near this city since 1854. In 1866 he married Martha Irwin. Presbyterians. Republican. Hugh Ritson was born Feb. 28, 1833, in England, son of John and Elizabeth Ritson; came to Ohio in 1854 and to Farmington in 1855, since which time he has mostly worked at the coal business ; is now overseer of mining for P. P. Chapman. Mr. R. is a Demo crat and has been Street Commissioner. Has 4 children. His wife is a Baptist. P. O., Farmington.. Andrew Robb was born Jan. 28, 1827, in Ohio, to James and Jane (Roberson) Robb ; his father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of Virginia ; settled near Fairview in 1 846 ; he is now a farmer on sec. 24, owning 390 acres of land, besides property in Farmington. In 1849 he married Susan Swigert, and they have 5 children, 4 of whom are living. James Robb died in 1872 in Mc Donough Co., and Jane 33 years previously. Mr. Robb has im proved nearly all his land himself, the first quarter-section being call ed the "lost quarter," because no record of it could be found. Is 692 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. a Republican, and has been School Director, Road Commissioner and Justice of the Peace. His portrait appears in this work. James Roberson was born in Ireland Sept. 18, 1818, son of John and Mary (Marens) ; came to Farmington in 1854; clerked most of the time, — with A. K. Montgomery 10 years. In 1836 he mar ried Rachel Cunningham, and they have had 6 children, all now living. Mr. R. and wife are Presbyterians; he is a Democrat. T. W. Ronan was born in England Dec. 21, 1841 ; wrought 5 years at the tailor's trade ; came to Fulton county March 4, 1871 ; was cutter for Geo. Stetson 6 years ; then " Tommy, the Tailor," set up for himself, and he is indeed a first-class workman. In 1873 he married Hester Alder, and they have had two children. He is a Greenbacker and his wife a Presbyterian. Joseph Ross, farmer, was born in the State of Vermont March 14, 1821, son of James and Martha, nee Hawkins; his father was born in Massachusetts, of Scotch ancestry, and his mother in Ver mont, of English ancestry ; emigrated to Ohio in 1833, and died in that commonwealth ; Joseph came to Illinois in 1849, settling in Salem tp., Knox Co. ; removed to Fulton Co. in 1865 ; married Caroline Culver in March, 1844, and their children are two boys living and one, Francis, who died in 1857, aged two and a half years. One is married and owns a farm in this county. Charles, the eldest, was born in 1847, and George was born in 1855. Par ents are Congregationalists, and Mr. Ross is also a Republican. A. P. Sanders was born Nov. 1, 1815, in Berlin tp., Rensellaer Co., N. Y., son of Peleg and Hannah (Peckham), natives of Rhode Island ; came to this county in 1850 ; is a farmer on sec. 16 ; owns 377 acres of land ; has been School Director ; is a Republican and a Seventh-Day Baptist; in 1843 he married Annis Bull. P. 0., Farmington. Lewis Scales was born in 1836, in1 Fulton Co., 111., son of Israel and Phoebe (Franklin), father a native of Massachusetts and mother of Vermont; emigrated to this countyin 1833; Lewis is a farmer on sec. 10, this township, owning 214 acres in this county; he first married Elizabeth Hurt, in 1860, and she died in 1872 ; in 1877 he married Susan Mosher. He has had two children, one living. Mr. Scales is a Republican and a very social man. John T. Simpson, farmer, was born June 9, 1842, in this county, on the farm he still lives on and which he has managed ever since he was 16 years old. His parents, John and Margaret Simpson, are natives of Ireland; they came to this county in 1834 and to this township the next year; in visiting friends northwest of Yates City Mr. S. drove stakes across the prairie for a guide on his return. John T. is industrious and has increased the farm to 190 acres; in 1871 he married Martha Dickey, and they have 3 sons and 2 daugh ters. Presbyterians. Republican. Alexander Slack is a native of England and was born in that country April 21, 1822. He came to this country in 1847 and to -HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 693 the county in 1849. His parents were John and Anna Slack. Since Mr. S. has come to 111. he has been engaged in farming ; prior to that time he worked in a cotton mill. He married Miss Esther Cross Feb. 14, 1844. Two children have been born to them : John, who died in England, and Wm. Henry, who is married. P. O., Norris. Charles A. Smith, jeweler, was born in Philadelphia, Aug. 12, 1851, where his parents were also born ; father's name was Andrew E. ; emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1856 ; started in business for himself in 1875, at Altona, 111., and returned to Farmington in 1879. In 1876 he married Hattie Rider, who died Jan. 2, 1878. Mr. Smith, while in Altona, was Captain of Militia, Co. C, enlisting in 1876; during the great strike of 1877, July 23, Capt. Smith received orders to hold his company ready for marching, and in 20 minutes he had 20 of his men uniformed at the armory. The company went to East St. Louis and back to Galesburg, and took an active part in quelling the riot. Capt. Smith is a Republican. Rev. Oreighton Springer was born May 2, 1829, in Muskingum Co., 0. ; his parents were Isaac and Charlotte, the former a native of Delaware, the latter of Ohio; in 1834 the family emigrated to Illinois, and in 1855 Creighton came to Fulton Co. He attended the Methodist Seminary at Peoria, and Judson College (a Baptist institution at the time). Has belonged to the Conference since 1854; in 1869 was appointed financial agent of Hedding College, Abingdon, but subsequently resigned. His first marriage was to Elizabeth A. Barber Oct. 15, 1857, and their only child was Mary C. ; his second marriage was to Sarah Haskins, Oct. 20, 1863. Re publican. M. Tarr, physician, was born in Jackson Co., O., Aug. 14, 1831 ; came to this county in 1846 ; studied medicine with an Indian doctor ; in 1857 he married Caroline Wheeler and has had two children, — Sophronia and Joseph. P. O., Farmington. A. B. Thomas was born on Mt. Desert Island, Me., March 12, 1812, the son of Abraham and Jane (Berry), natives of Massachu setts; emigrated to this county in 1837, arriving in June; he was a house and ship-joiner, but for the last 20 years has been a farmer, and very successful, owning at present 956 acres of land, 636 acres of it in this county. In the fall of 1838 he married Mary Hart, aud they have had 3 children. He and his wife are members of the Congregational Church. Mr. Thomas has accomplished a great deal as conductor on the U. G. R. R., having in charge at one time as many as 14 colored persons. In all he has helped about 200 out of slavery, and wishes the number was 200 times that. He was an Abolitionist when it cost something to be one. As early as 1844 he voted the Abolitionist ticket, voting that year for James G. Birney for President of the United States, the only vote for Birney in Fulton county. Mr. Thomas was in the Seminole war. During his life he has been School Director, Assessor, Road Commissioner, 694 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, etc He never drank intoxicating liquor or used tobacco, and has never sued a man or been sued either for debt or crime. James Torrens, farmer, was born July 3, 1822, in Ireland, son of Robert and Nancy (Watt) ; came to this county in 1849 and settled in sec. 16, Farmington . tp. ; he now owns 200 acres in this county, and is a successful farmer. In 1852 he married Lucy Ann Pierce, and they have two daughters,— Sarah Jane and Mary Ann. Congre- gationalists. Republican. P. O., Farmington. Eleven Tucker was a farmer and stock-raiser. Mr. Tucker's parents were Roswell and Ann (Thomas) Tucker, and he was born in Hamilton county, O., March 4, 1814. He came to this county in 1841, and was closely identified with the history of the county since. He was one of the largest property holders in the county, having over 600 acres, of land. Politically he was a Bepub lican. /. M. Tucker was born in this county May 4, 1846, son of Eleven and Catherine (Lake) Tucker, who came to this county in 1841; they are of German descent and natives of Ohio. J. M. learned the carpenter's trade ; at present he owns 94 acres of land. His father owned 600 acres when he died June 16, 1874. In his fa ther's family were 4 boys and 1 girl. Republican. P. O., Farming- ton. W. H. Tucker, farmer, sec. 32. This gentleman was born in Ful ton county in 1842 ; received his education in common schools and the Canton high school. His parents, Eleven and Catharine (Lake) Tucker, are natives of Ohio. He was married to Sarah A. Vaughn Dec. 4, 1867. John L., Hattie and Grace are the names of their children. R. Tuttle, farmer, sec. 20; P. O., Farmington. Mr. T. was born in this county in 1849, and was educated in the common schools. His parents were Hazael and Elizabeth (Greenwell) Tuttle. In 1869 he was married to Martha Mills. Two children, both girls, and living, have been born to them. John W. Watson was born July 6, 1819, in Virginia, son of David and Mary (Sanders) W., both of Frederick county, Va. ; ed ucated in Hillsboro, O., high school; came to Illinois in 1841, and settled 4 miles southeast of Farmington, on sec. 19; lived in Peoria county 18 years; was Justice of the Peace at TrivoH, and School Trustee five or six terms ; he married the first time in 1844, Miss Velira Horney, and they had 2 sons and 3 daughters ; she died March 26, 1872. Mr. W. has dealtin live stock in Farming- ton for 20 years, — 8 years in company with Samuel Jack ; but at present is in the grain business; feeds 120 head of cattle now, how ever. Owns 3 or 4 houses in town and land in Iowa. Republican. J. H. Whitaker, formerly a teacher, now a farmer, was born Feb. 17, 1853, in Fulton Co., 111., son of J. N. and Anna (Keller), his father a native of Massachusetts and his mother of Pennsylvania; the family lauded in Fulton Co. in 1847, settling on sec. 8, this tp.; HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 695 J. H. was educated at the Farmington high school and in a business course at Ann Arbor, Mich. ; taught district school 8 terms ; taught music, both vocal and instrumental, several years ; Feb. 8, 1877, he married Effie Molthrop, and they have a son, — Arthur. Mr. W. is a Greenbacker, and made 20 speeches for his principles when A. J. Strater ran for Congress. P. Q., Farmington. W. H. Widener, merchant, was born Sept. 2, 1842, in Ohio, son of Wm. and Elizabeth (Clover), natives of the same State; came to this county in 1869, when he quit farming and set up a grocery and hardware store, followed this business 6 years, and then the dry-goods business 4 years ; is in the latter business now, in Farm ington. In 1861 he enlisted in the 44th regt. Ind. Vol., in Co. B, and honorably discharged May 20, 1864; was in several hard- fought battles; was under Rosencrans in his attack on Gen. Bragg, forcing the latter back for 30 miles ; Mr. W.'s regiment was under fire the whole distance, and his brother was killed in this battle while fighting near him ; was also at the battle of Chickamauga, where he was wounded, and was on the battle-field 15 days before his wound was dressed or he received any medical aid ; was taken pris oner Sept. *21, 1865, but was soon exchanged. Nov. 29, 1872, he married Elizabeth C. Cone, and they have 2 children, — William and Julia May. Congregationalists. Republican. /. J. Worrel. Among the prominent farmers of the county is Mr. W., who is a native of Baltimore Co., Md., and was born Aug. ¦ 29, 1826. His father, Henry Worrell, was of Scottish descent, and his mother, Harriet Worrell, of German. Mr. W. came to Fulton county when at the age of 10 years, He was educated in the com mon schools and adopted agricultural life. He now resides on sec. 33 and owns 400 acres of land." He was married in 1854 to Char lotte Ann Wallace. We give his portrait elsewhere. Hezekiah Zook, farmer; born Jan. 11, 1844, in Pennsylvania, of Dutch ancestry ; educated in Fulton Co. ; runs the old homestead farm, where he and his mother reside; in 1869 he married Hannah Stokie, and their children are Olive May, Charles Elden and Harry. Bepublican. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following gentlemen have served the township in the various official capacities named. The years of serving are given, and where more than one date is opposite a name, covering a period of years, it indicates that the official served during the intervening years : SUPERVISORS. J.B.Hand 1850-54 Samuel Wilkinson 1862-63 ?¦ P- Sage 1855 W. C. Day 1864-66 JohnS. Harris 1856 Wm. McCoy 1867 Samuel Wilkinson 1857 John A. Leeper 1868-70 i Dunn 1858-59 R. S. Ramsey 1871-74 Samuel Wilkinson 1860 John A. Leeper 1875-76 W. O.Day lg61 Riley Bristol 1877-79 696 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWN CLERKS. John Budd 1859-70 George W. Little 1871-72 C. W. Heaton 1873 George W. Little 1874-79 ASSESSORS. A. B. Thomas 1859 J. B Summers 1860 J. Dunn 1861 Eleven Tucker 1866-68 Milton George 1869 Eleven Tucker 1870-73 James B. Summers 1874-77 Chas. Newcomb 1878-79 COLLECTORS. John Erwin 1859 F. W. Hatch 1860 Wm. Caldwell 1861 James Mason 1862 Peter Lane 1863 Peter W. Petill 1864 J. C. Leffler 1865 Thomas S. Brown 1866 S. Barstow 1867 F. M. Taylor 1868 Robert McAulay 1869 John S. Holcomb 1870 A.J. Strong 1871 G. T. Rider 1872 Lewis McFarland 1873-74 Wm. L. Taylor 1875 Albinus White 1876 J. C. Sloan ;.. 1877 Asahel Reynolds 1878 James B. Summers 1879 HARRIS TOWNSHIP. This township, which borders upon the western boundary line of the county, was named in honor of John Harris, its first settler. Mr. Harris moved from Bernadotte township and located upon sec tion 18 of this township as early as 1827. He erected a log cabin and for several years followed the occupation of hunting, finding" abundance of game in the native forests and upon the broad, beau tiful and uncultivated prairies. Mr. Harris came into the county first in 1825. He came from Ohiq and returned, making the round trip on foot. Robert Harris was the first person to die in the township, and Mary Bumford was the first person born. The first marriage was that of Mr. A. Day and Miss Katy Harris. The first sermon preached in the township was by Rev. James Haney at the cabin of Isaac Sennett in 1834, to an audience of four persons. William Haney was the first Justice of the Peace. He was elected in 1840. The first church edifice erected was built in Marietta in 1841, and the first school-house was built on section 16 in 1839. The town of Marietta is situated upon the east half of section 16. This little village was founded in 1837 by Lorenzo Bevans, Benja min Hoyt and others. At one time it was of considerable impor tance in the history of the county. At present it contains about 150 inhabitants. Seville is a point in this township where the T., P. & W. railroad crosses Spoon river. A depot, blacksmith shop and 3 or 4 houses are there. CHURCHES. The Marietta M. E. Church is an old and well established society at Marietta. ^ Williams' Class M. E. Church.-~This congregation was organized in November, 1847, by John Williams and Amos Morey. It worships every alternate Sunday in the Williams school-house, and consists of 20 communicants. Rev. J. E. Rutledge, Pastor. Sunday-school each Sunday. Point Pleasant United Brethren Church, section 20, Harris town ship, was organized about the year 1855 by J. J. Wyatt. The exact date is not certainly known, but the first conference of this society was held in the Salem circuit, in Marietta, Dec. 26, 1857. This class numbered about 60 communicants at one time, but through the instrumentalities of death and removals, it has been re- 42 698 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. duced, until it now numbers about 30. Services are held every al ternate Sunday by Rev. David Martin, Pastor. They worshiped for many years in school-houses, until October, 1873, when the present Church structure was erected. MILLS. Fuller's Mill. — This mill was built by Collins & Van Epps in 1841, and Jonathan Jennings was foreman. At first it was operated with one set of burrs. . Soon afterwards it passed into the hands of Van Epps, Trickey & Sperry, who in 1848 took out the old ma chinery and replaced it with new, under the supervision of D. N. Wright, millwright, of Avon, 111. Its capacity at that time was 100 barrels in 24 hours. It was purchased by A. S. Fuller in the ''year 1853, for the sum of $7,000. Mr. Fuller remodeled the entire structure in 1866, and put in another set of burrs, and its present capacity is 125 barrels in 24 hours. This mill is situated on Spoon river on the N. W. i of section 25, Harris township, and has done more custom work than any mill in this section of country; aud still has its share of that class of work. Mr. Fuller is an enter prising man, and knows how to suit his numerous customers in making the very best of flour. In 1835 there was a saw-mill erected upon the opposite side of the river from Fuller's Mill. This mill was put up by Joel S. Reese and Jonathan Jennings. PERSONAL SKETCHES. Below are personal sketches of the leading citizens and many of the old settlers of the township : Samuel L. Brick, M. D. The father of Dr. B. was born in Salem, N. J., and died Dec 4, 1875. His mother, Rachel (Freshours) Brick was born in Tennessee in 1814. He received a common-school education, taught school and read medicine from 1868 to '72, when he went to Texas and began the practice of medicine. After praticing for a short time he entered the Keokuk Medical College, at which he graduated, and in 1876 began a practice at Marietta, where he is still engaged in his profession, enjoying a large practice. Major Buley, farmer, miner, etc., was born July 16, 1818, in Green Co., Ky. ; came to Fulton Co. in 1844, where he has followed farming in summer and quarrying and coal-mining in the* fall and winter. Aug. 11, 1862, he enlisted in Co. F, 103d 111. Vol. Inf., for the war; participated in the siege of Vicksburg, and in the battles of Mission Ridge, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, etc. ; and was honorably discharged in June, 1865. March 31, 1842, he married Flora A. Reynolds, and they have had 9 children ; 5 are living. He married a second time, Charlotte Cooper, May 14,1873. His father, Wm. Buley, was born near Richmond, Va., about 1789; settled in Indiana in 1824; and died in 1849. Major B. is liberal in politics, voting for the man and not the party. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 699 George Caley, son of Chambers Caley, was born in Yorkshire, Eng., Feb. 20, 1833; crossed the ocean with his parents in 1839 and located in Knox Co., O. ; came to this county in 1855, and is en gaged in farming and stock-raising; was married Oct. 7, 1858, to Nancy, daughter of Stephen Bliss, who was one of the early settlers of Bernadotte tp., and now deceased. This union was blessed with 5 children, of whom 4 are living. Mrs. C. died Sept. 27, 1866, and Mr. C. married a second time, This wedding occurred Nov. 27, 1872, when he was married to Helen Bevans, daughter of Milton Bevans, deceased, who was one of the pioneers of Harris. He settled in Ma rietta and lived there till his death, which occurred Nov. 8, 1875. Mr. C.'s eldest daughter, who is a subscriber for this book, is now teaching in district No. 9, Harris tp., where she had previously taught 2 terms. In her profession she has been quite successful. Henry Coons, harness-maker, was born in Indiana, May 25, 1832. His father, David Coons, came with his family to Bernadotte tp., this county, in 1852, and after establishing a comfortable home for his family, he died in Sept., 1876, a member of the United Brethren Church. Henry enlisted in Co. I, 103d Reg. 111. Vol. Inf., Aug. 24, 1862, and lost his left leg in the war, after two years' service. .In 1869, he established himself in Marietta as a harness-maker; Jan. 7, 1872, he married Lucy Dodge, daughter of Geo. W. Dodge, who died when she was a child. Emma, born Dec. 26, 1875, is the only child of Mr. Coons. Mrs. Coons' mother, aged 78, lives with them. Mr. C. is a Democrat. Jeremiah M. Cramblet, farmer and stock-raiser, son of next men tioned, was born Nov. 17, 1834, in Jefferson Co., O. ; family emi grated to this tp. in 1840; in Aug., 1862, he enlisted in Co. I, 72d reg. 1st Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; was discharged Aug. 7, 1865, at Vicksburg, Miss., after having nobly fought in the battles of Vicks burg, Champion Hills, Big Black river, Spring Hill, Franklin and others ; in the last battle he was wounded. March 22, 1866, he mar ried Nancy J. German, who was born in Cass tp., and is a sister of James G. German, mentioned elsewhere. They have had 5 children, 4 now living, viz : Eliza E., Fannie M., Eugene and Charles T. Staunch Eepublican. P. O., Marietta. Thomas Cramblet was born in Maryland, moved to Ohio in an early day, in 1840 came to Fulton Co., and is the father of 7 children, one of whom is Jeremiah M., above mentioned. Mr. C. has already seen many of the hardships of pioneer life, and now he goes to Col orado. John W. Dimmitt is a native of Jefferson county, Va., and was born on Christmas, 1802, near the place where John Brown was hung. His parents moved to Kentucky in 1818, and in 1839 he moved to Indiana. Mr. D. lived there until 1850, when he started for Iowa, but stopped in Fulton county and has lived here ever since. He raised a company of men for the Mexican war, but it was not need ed. He has served as Justice of the Peace and Postmaster, and in 700 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1847-8 he was a member of the Indiana Legislature. He was mar ried to Rachel Grinard, a native of Mason county, Ky., where she was born Aug. 15, 1807, on the 22d of Sept., 1825. They have had a family' of 10 children, of whom Eleanor, James P., Wm. V. Betsey A. and Pratt are living. Both Mr. and Mrs. W. are mem bers of the Baptist Church. He was baptized Feb. 22, 1828, and his wife in March of the same year. They lived in Bushnell, 111 for over 4 years, but now, free from all the cares of an active busi ness life they are passing the decline of life on a farm in Harris township. Pratt Dimmitt, son of John Dimmitt, whose personal sketch also appears in this work, is engaged in agriculture. He was born in Montgomery county, Ind., Oct. 20, 1846. His parents moved to Peoria county, 111., in 1850, and soon to this county, and now live with Pratt. Mr. D. has held many of the local offices of his town ship. He was united in marriage with Miss Margaret J. Wheeler March 30, 1871. Mrs. D. was born in Young Hickory township, Fulton county. They have a family of 4 children : Warder D., Burton J., Eldana and an infant. Mrs. D. belongs to the Baptist Church. P. O., Marietta. Stephen Foster, sec. 28 ; P. O., Marietta ; was born in Ohio in 1824. His educational advantages were very poor ; he came to this county in 1857; by hard work and industry he has made a good, well im proved farm, which was all brush when he took possession of it. He is engaged in general farming. His father, Samuel Foster, was a soldier in the Revolution under Washington, and won many laurels by his bravery and valuable services. Our subject .was mar ried April 22, 1836, to Lucina St. Clair, by whom he had 8 children; of these 7 are living ; all married but two, Frank and Almira. Mrs. Foster was born in Mercer county, Pa., Aug. 12, 1828. Her father, Bradberry St. Clair, was one of the honored soldiers of the Kevo lution. Amos S. Fuller, miller, son of Ezra and Phoebe (Williams) Ful ler, was born Feb. 9, 1827, at Fabius, N. Y. His father is dead, but his mother is living at the ripe old age of 85 years, and is resid ing with her son in this township, where he owns and successfully conducts the mill on Spoon river that bears his name. Mr. F.'s father moved to Lorain county, O., in 1831, where our subject lived till 1852, when he came to Fairview. The following year he pur chased the flouring mill near Seville which he has owned and oper ated ever since. He was married in February, 1848, to Caroline B. Sherman, and they have a family of 3 children : Caroline L., Julia E. and Bradford E. Mr. F. bought a mill in Cuba in 1855; lived there 6 years and sold it to his son in 1879. James G. German was born in Cass township, Fulton Co., Feb., 22, 1853, and is the son of James and Mahala (Cannon) German, the former a native of Kentucky, and died Jan. 17, 1862 ; the latter is living in McDonough Co., 111. The elder German was one of HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 701 the first settlers of Totten's Prairie in Cass tp. Our subject re ceived a good education at Lewistown, and is engaged in farming with Mr. Eli W. Smith in Harris tp. ; P. O., New Philadelphia. George W. Green, merchant and postmaster at Marietta, was born Dec. 26, 1824, in W. Virginia. He was taken by his father, Hugh Green, to Jefferson Co., O., in 1825, where he lived for 15 years, when he returned to his old home, and 5 years later went back to the Buckeye State, and in 1849 came to this county where he has since resided. Mr. G.'s mother, who is 76 years old, resides with him. He was educated in Ohio and has held the offices of Super visor, Town Clerk, Assessor, Collector, Justice of the Peace and Constable. He was married, April 24, 1853, to Maria Wilson, daughter of Charles Wilson, of Bushnell. She was born in Harris tp. Abigail H. is the name of their daughter. William Hasty, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Darke Co., Ind., Sept. 8, 1832; in 1836 the family emigrated to Dayton, O., where the mother died in 1838 ; Wm. was bound out, but when 9 years of age a Mr. McCoy stole him, hid him under a sheep-skin and hauled him 50 miles, — to a place near Chillicothe, O. ; for 7 years he trained and rode fast horses, among which were those of Jack Bryant, that made the best time on record in America. Mr. H. rode Hoosier Bill in several States, — a horse that was never riv aled in all his races. Mr. H.'s father left Dayton soon after the death of Mrs. H, and hearing that his son was killed by the cars, expected never to see him again; but in 1848 Wm. succeeded in finding his father. A young man on board a Wabash steamer told him about his sister marrying a man named Hasty, and this gave him a clue to his father's whereabouts. Wm. was then a herder for two years, and next a traveler all over the United States. Served iu the late war, in Co. B, 84th 111. Vol. Inf., was wounded at the battle of Perryville, Ky., and was discharged. Sept. 3, 1855, he married Martha Howard, and they have had 9 children, 8 of whom are liv ing. He settled in Harris tp. in 1855. He also runs a thresher. P. 0., Seville. John A. Hensley, farmer, born in Kentucky, settled on sec. 15, this tp., in 1853; Feb. 28, 1837, married Minerva, daughter of Jacob Yocum, who died of cholera July 10, 1833, in Kentucky. They had 9 children, of whom 5 are living. She died Sept. 12, 1864, and March 22, 1866, he married Mary E. Walker, a native of Missouri, who died April 6, 1875. His daughter Eva now keeps house for him. Mr. H.'s father, Fielding Hensley, was born in Virginia in 1792, and in 1812 was taken by his parents in emigra tion to Kentucky. John A. Hensley is a Democrat. P. O., Marietta. George W. Hobbs, son of John Hobbs, sr., was born near Balti more, Md., Sept. 13, 1813; was taken by his parents to Jefferson Co., 0., in 1817, and came to Fulton Co., in 1835, aud was one of the pioneers of Harris tp. He planted the first orchard in the 702 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. township, and took the premium on fruit from this orchard at the first county fair held in Fulton Co. In 1876 he sold $30 worth of pears from one tree in the orchard. He was married, April 20, . 1837, to Eliza Humphrey. The following are the names of their children : George, deceased, John B., Addison R., William, Jane R., wife of James Wallace, merchant, Lewistown, Martha, wife of A. J. Franklin, merchant in Nevada. Mr. H. is a blacksmith by trade and still has in his possession an anvil which was brought across the mountains before the National pike was built. He is en gaged in farming ; P. O., Marietta. He gave his children a liberal education and liberally provided for them as they left the parental roof. Mr. H. is the only pioneer in the township who still resides on the old homestead. His land is a part of sec. 16, and was the first land purchased in the township. Robert Hood, proprietor of coal mines, was born June 12, 1832, in Petenweams parish, Fifeshire, Scotland, and crossed the ocean to Maryland in 1854; Sept. 18, 1857, he married Theresa Mary Ann Vivian, a native of London, Eng., and they have had 8 children, 7 of whom are living. Mr. Hood opened the first coal mine in Col chester, McDonough Co., and became salesman for the company in Quincy. He settled in Harris township, Fulton Co., in 1858, and opened the first coal mine in this township. One miner, Simon Roser, has worked for Mr. Hood for 23 years. Mr. H. still retains the mine he first opened here, although he has much competition. Republican. P. O., Bushnell. Charles Howard, of Marietta, was born in Morgan Co., 0., June 26, 1822. His father, Samuel Howard, was a native of the Old Dominion; he brought his family to Illinois in 1831, in a wagon drawn by 3 yoke of oxen. When they reached the Kickapoo river they found the floor of the bridge had been swept away and the river high. Thinking it dangerous to ford, Mr. H. directed his wife and the elder children (among whom was Charles) to walk over the remaining stringer of the bridge, while he took the 2 smaller children and the team and attempted to ford the river. When he reached the center of the stream the current was so swift that it turned the wagon over. Mr. H. caught his" children and made his way to shore. It was only through the greatest exertion that he succeeded in saving his oxen. Charles Howard, although but 9 years old when he came to the county, has experienced the hardships of frontier life. He has ground corn in a hominy block, paid taxes with coon-skins, and has been compelled to do many things which would seem quite novel to the young people of to-day. He filled the office of Justice of the Peace for 16 years; has been Collector for Harris and represented Harris and Cass in the Board of Super visors for 8 terms. He was elected Treasurer of Fulton Co. in 1864, and re-elected in 1,866. He was married in Feb., 1844, to Susan Clem, who has borne him 2 children : Nancy and Samuel B. Samuel B. Howard ; P. O., Marietta ; was born in Fulton Co., HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 703 Sept. 16, 1850, and is the son of Charles Howard, of whom we speak further above. Mr. Howard was educated in Lewistown, after which he took a Western tour, returning in 1872, and Jan. 1, 1873, married Ruth HoUister, daughter of Munson HoUister, of Harris township. This upion has been blessed with 4 children. Mr. H. has been engaged in farming since 1873 with good success. He has served the people as Town Clerk for two years, leaving a good record in that capacity. Samuel M. lakes. The subject of this sketch is the son of Jonas and Mary (Duncan) Ickes, and was born in Perry Co., Pa., March 12, 1836. His father, who is still living, was born in Montgomery Co., Pa., Feb. 3, 1793. He tells us the name Ickes was formerly Ecke, a Saxon word, meaning a corner. Mr I. erected Bloomfield Academy, Perry Co., and his son Samuel was educated in this in stitution. Our subject moved to Warren Co., 111., in 1856, went to Knox Co. in 1864, and came to this county in 1872. He was mar ried Jan. 13, 1859, to Miss Elizabeth J. McCartney, who was born in Perry Co., Pa., not over 10 miles from where he was, yet they never knew one another until they met in Warren Co., 111. This union has been blessed with 6 children, 5 boys and 1 girl. William and Robert are running the farm. Both Mr. and Mrs. I. are mem bers of the M. E. Church. The great-great-grandfather of Mr. I. came to Pennsylvania under Wm. Penn, and built a stone house in Montgomery county in 1717 on the 1,000-acre farm which he set>- tied upon. This old building stands to-day in good condition. Mr. I. farms during the summer and teaches during the winter. He taught 7 years at Gilson, Knox Co. P. O., Smithfield. Samuel Lutz, school-teacher and potter, was born March 11, 1817, in Cumberland Co., Penn. ; his parents emigrated with him to Augusta Co., Va., in 1821 ; Dec. 23, 1847, he married Elizabeth N. Conner, a native of Augusta Co., Va. ; have had 9 children, 5 of whom are living; came to this county in 1857, and settled in Marietta. He still resides in the township, and his P. O. Marietta. Has taught school in the winter for 40 years, — 4 to 5 years in the same district, — evidence of popularity. His father, Samuel, was a native of Pennsylvania, a farmer, and died in 1871. Joseph L. Mackey, wagon-maker and blacksmith, Seville, is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Foresman) Mackey, and was born in Mc Donough Co., 111., Oct. 19, 1847. His parents were natives of the Keystone State ; his father is a prominent farmer in McDonough Co., and his mother is deceased ; she died July 17, 1868. He came to this county in 1871, and located in the village of Seville, where he has since successfully followed his trades. He was married Dec. 16, 1869, to Mary M. Shamblen, a native of Ohio. They had a family of 4 children born to them, viz : Chas. L., George W., James W., and an infant, deceased. Thomas H. McElroy was born June *22, 1808, in Jefferson Co., O. ; was united in matrimony with Elizabeth Humphrey, Feb. 25, 704 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1834. They had born to them a family of 8 children, of, whom 5 are now living. Mrs. McElroy died April 26, 1 876. The subject of this sketch moved to Iowa in 1843, and returned to Ohio, and in 1845 came to this county and settled on sec. 16, Harris tp., where he now resides. Nine years of his life in this county he passed as a resident of Marietta. When a boy Mr. McE. ran a flat- boat on the rivers from Wheeling to New Orleans. He saw the first steam-boat that ever plied the waters of the Ohio river, which he says was in 1812. Thomas J. McElroy, farmer and stock- raiser, sec. 16; P. 0., Marietta. Mr. McElroy was born in Marietta, Fulton Co., Aug. 23, 1847. Of his father, Thomas H. McElroy, a sketch is given just above. The subject of this sketch was married Nov. 28, 1872, to Miss M. J.* McKeever, who was born in Harrison Co., 0., on the 16th of Sept., 1853. A family of 3 children have been born to them, 2 of whom, George H. and Ada, are living. Mr. Mc Elroy is a member of the M. E. Church. Nathan Mclntyre, a resident of Harris tp., is engaged in farming; was born in Cayuga Co., N. Y., Oct. 13, 1813; his father, in honor of whom he was named, was a native of the Empire State and of Scottish descent. Mr. Mclntyre moved to Ontario Co. in 1835, and to Illinois in 1838. He is living with his second wife. He was first united in marriage to Miss Orthy L. Clark, July 4, 1839. She was a native of New York, and died in 1852. By her he had 7 children, 4 boys and 3 girls, 3 of whom are living and also married. He was united in marriage with Lovina McBerth Sept. 13, 1863, who is a member of the Christian Church. His son, Waterman, enlisted in Co. G, 103d 111. Inf., and died in Washington Park Hospital, Cincinnati, O., March 27, 1865, and buried in Spring Grove Cemetery., Of his daughters Mary lives in Iowa, Corlista in Smithfield, and Ce linda in Iroquois Co., 111. Dr. A. H. Medus was born on the 22d of Feb., 1821, at Derby, Ct. In 1833 he moved with his parents to New York, and from there he moved to Missouri in 1852, where he followed his profes sion. In 1877 he came to Harris tp. He was educated at Amherst, Mass., and is a graduate of Pittsfield (Mass.) Medical College. He was married Dec 3, 1856. While a resident of Missouri he was an intimate friend of Judge R. E. Hill and Dr. Lehew. In 1878 the Doctor opened a coal-bank upon the farm where he lives. He also has one of the finest sand-banks in Fulton Co., both of which are easy of access. Dr. M. is also quite extensively engaged in gardening. P. O., Bushnell. Wm. H. Miller, farmer, was born in Cass tp., this Co., Sept. 16, 1841, and is the son of M. D. Miller, of Smithfield. His mother's maiden name was Susan Waughtel, sister of Henry Waughtel, Cass tp. The family have experienced the privations characteristic' of pioneer life in this country. Nov. 27, 1864, he married Martha J. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 707 Coons, and they have had 3 children, of whom Henry E. and John D. are living. Democrat. P. O., Marietta. Joseph C. Morgan was born in Fulton Co., Nov. 21, 1847, and is the son of Dr. Darius T. Morgan, a native of New York, and who has been a practicing physician for 27 years. He is now located at Bushnell, 111. Mr. M.'s mother, Martha Morgan, nee Harris, is a native of Ohio. He received a common-school education in Fulton Co.; was married Aug. 20, 1867, to Julia E. Fuller, daughter of Amos S. Fuller, whose biography appears in this work. She was born Oct. 19, 1850, in Lorain Co., O., and is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. M. is engaged in farming. P. O., Seville. Robert Orr was born in Scotland Jan. 1, 1835, and he is the son of Robert 0. and Margaret (Nicol) Orr, who lived near the place where Robert Burns was born, when the subject of this sketch was born. He was married to Jane Oliver April 22, 1860. She is also a native of Scotland and was born in the town of Kilmarnock, 10 miles from the birthplace of Burns. They have had born to them 6 children, 3 of whom are living. Mr. O. came to this country in 1857 and to Illinois in 1861, and in 1867 moved upon the farm upon which he now resides." In 1876 he moved to Iowa but returned to Harris tp. the following year. He expended a large sum of money prospecting for coal in McDonough and Warren counties. While mining for coal in Kewanee June 27, 1862, the bank caved in upon him and crippled him for life. ' In 1866 he opened a. coal bank on his farm and has operated it since. The stratum of coal he works is about 28 inches thick of an excellent quality, and he sells large quantities, it being easy of access. P. O., Bushnell. G. L. Patterson is a native of the Prairie State and was born in Coles Co., June 26, 1833, and at the age of 3 years he was brought to this county by his parents, where he has since made his home, yet his life has been largely spent in traveling and laboring in different States for the support of his widowed mother and her family. He has traveled through and worked in 15 different States ; served one year in the late war. From 1857 to 1861 he was in the employ of the U. S. Government, swinging the ox-whip over his slow team in crossing the Western plains. He was married, Oct. 10, 1861, to Nancy Kidd, who has borne him 6 boys and one girl, all of whom are living at home. P. O., Marietta. James Martin Seamans, farmer, was born Sept. 27, 1828, in Butler Co., 0., and is the son of James and Hannah Seamans, the former a native of the Buckeye State and the latter of Darby Plains, N. Y.; she was born April 2, 1807. They live in Sheridan Co., Mo. Our subject moved to Gibson Co., Ind., in 1845, to McDon ough Co., 111., in 1850 and to Harris tp. in 1867. He has been School Director and Constable here and was Deputy Sheriff in McDonough Co. for 12 years. He was married, Feb. 15, 1857, to Miss Sarah Hayhurst. They have had 8 children, 4 of whom are i living. The other 4 died of typhoid fever. The names of those 708 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. living are Hannah, Margaret, Ellen and Maria : the two latter are married. Mr. S. owns a good farm of 200 acres ; never had a law suit in his life. P. O., Bushnell. Roxie A. (Cramblet) Smith, wife of Eli W. Smith, was born in Marietta, Fulton Co. Mr. Smith came to this county with his parents in 1852. He is a native of Belmont Co., O., and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. They have one son, Jerry E. P. O. address, New^Philadelphia. - Charles E. Spear. The subject of this -sketch was born in Alton, 111., April 12, 1851, and is the son of Lewis and Lurene (Stow) Spear, the former a native of Highland county, Ohio, and the latter of Kentucky. They are now living at Normal, 111., where Mr. S. was educated. He began teaching in Randolph, McLean county, 111., in 1873, where he remained 3 terms, taught one year in Taze well county, and in 1876 came to Fulton county, where, in the town of Marietta he has very successfully taught school for two .years. Is now preparing to enter the legal field. Cornelius Timerman, farmer, was born in Preston county, Va,, Nov. 10, 1825. His father, John T., of German descent, moved with his family to Ohio in 1826, then a wilderness, and died there. The family then migrated to Tuscarawas^county, O., no less a wild erness, infested with wolves and panthers. Jan. 25, 1849, Cornelius married Mary E. Ferguson, by whom he had 9 children ; 7 of them are living; married a second time, Nov. 15, 1873, to Annie E.Cole man, daughter of Isaac Coleman, now living in Arkansas, and has had 3 more children. Republican " to the back bone." Residence, sec. 20 ; P. O., Marietta. John G. Watson, blacksmith ; P. O., Seville ; was born in Scot land in June, 1832; came to this country in 1852 and settled in Columbus, O. ; from thence moved to Belmont county in 1854, and to Wheeling, W. Va., the same year. In 1857 returned to Ohio, and the same year moved to Warren county, 111., to Avon in 1863, to Knox county in 1867 and back to Avon in 1869. He then moved to Harris tp. He was married March 31, 1854, to Eliza beth Early of Belmont county, O. She was born March 25, 1835, in Ireland. There has been 13 children born to them, only 5 of whom are living. Both Mr. and Mrs. W. are connected with the M, E. Church at Avon. Mr. W. was in the employ of the famous veterinary surgeon, Dr. Gray, of Scotland, for several years, ana it may thus be known that he is a good shoer. Dolphin Weaver, farmer, emigrated from Kentucky to Peoria Co., 111., in 1845, and in 1848 settled in Marietta, where he resided 5 years, 4 of which he was Justice of the Peace. In 1853 he moved to his farm in Harris township, where he has since resided. Sept. 13, 1827, he married Sally Smith, by whom he had 9 boys and 2 girls : of these but two are living. Jan. 26, 1858, he married Maria Sexton, by whom he has had 11 children. His son Henry Harri son lost bis life as a soldier in the last war. Mr. W. is a member ot HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 709 theU. B. Church, and a Greenbacker. P. O., Seville. His parents emigrated from Virginia to the very spot in Kentucky where Daniel Boone was captured, now called Big Blue Licks. His father, how ever was born in Pennsylvania, and died in 1850 in Kentucky, of cholera. Jacob R. Welch, farmer and minister, was born in Clay county, Ind., June 27, 1835, and came to this State in 1852. His father, James Welch, was a native of Kentucky, and died there the same year that Jacob R. was born, his last illness having been contracted while there with a drove of horses from Indiana. Shortly afterward the mother took Jacob R., her only cliild, on horseback to Kentucky, to attend to some business affairs. On attaining manhood, Jacob B. married Almeda, daughter of Gabriel Baughman, of Cass tp., Oct. 16, 1862, since which time they have had a family of 5 boys and 3 girls : 3 boys are living, girls all dead. Sarah Melinda, their only daughter, at the time, was burned to death while watching the house of a neighbor, to give the latter opportunity to nurse the little brother of the former, sick with cerebro-spinal meningitis. She was an intelligent, obedient and affectionate little girl. Mr. and Mrs. W. are members of the Christian Church. He operates a coal mine on his farm, in connection with his other business. George Wetzel, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., New Philadelphia ; was born in Cumberland Co., O., Nov. 12, 1808. His parents, George and Catharine (Wunderlicb) Wetzel, were of German de scent. His father moved with his family to Augusta Co., Va., in 1812, where he spent the remainder of his days and where the sub ject of this sketch remained til'l 1845, when he came to Fulton Co. and settled upon sec. 30, Harris tp. This land was unimproved and a portion of it covered with brush which has since grown to timber. When Mr. W. arrived in Harris tp. all ofhis earthly possessions con sisted of a wife, 7 children, a team and wagon and household furni ture. Under such circumstances his chances for remaining poor were very flattering. But he has been blessed with very industrious sons, who aided him to improve their now beautiful farm. He re ceived a limited education in the subscription schools of Virginia ; was Captain of a volunteer rifle company in Ohio and afterwards Captain of a company of artillery. He was married April 21, 1828, to Sallie Nebergall, who is of German descent and was born in Vir ginia, April 11, 1810. They are the parents of 7 boys and 3 girls : John N, Christopher, Geo. W., Wm. H., Ahaz B., Mary C, Daniel W., Sarah M., Granville L„ and Eliza J., all of whom are married and live near their old home except William, who lives in- Kansas. Christopher, Ahaz, and Daniel were in the late war. Joseph H Wheeler, farmer, P. O. ; Marietta; is a son of James Wheeler, a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Fulton Co. Sept. 11, 1843. He has lived in the county all of his life with the exception of 3 years spent in the late war and 2 years in Iowa. He enlisted Aug. 6, 1862, in Co. B, 103d 111. Inf., and participated in 710 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the following battles : Vicksburg, Atlanta, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Bentonville and others; was discharged July 7, 1865. He married Elizabeth Lanney, April 5, 1866, who has borne him 3 children. Jennie May is the only one living. Francis M. Williams, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., Bushnell; is a son of John Williams and was born in Adams Co., 0., Dec. 1 1833. He came to Illinois in 1835 and settled near Rockford, which at that time was but one house. From there he moved to McLean county, and then to. this county and lived here 3 months before he saw a white person except his own company. The family pounded corn in an iron kettle, and ground buckwheat in a coffee-mill. The The first time John Williams went to mill after coming here he went 80 miles and was gone 3 weeks. When a boy Mr. W. often played with the Indian boys. Mrs. Williams' grandfather was stolen by the Indians when only 7 years old and taken to Ohio and kept for 20 years. F. M. Williams was married to Sarah Foster Oct. 8, 1862. She is a native of Fairview township. They have a family of 7 children, 3 boys and 4 girls. Mr. W. has held various local official positions and at present represents Harris tp. in the Board of Super visors. F. H. Yocum, farmer, was born in Clay Co., Ind., Feb. 29, 1852; brought to Illinois by his parents in 1854; resides on sec. 17, Har ris tp. ; married Maria Snook Aug. 31, 1871 ; they have had 5 children, of whom 3, Solomon W., Henry S. and Effie L. are living. Democrat. P. O., New Philadelphia, McDonough county. Mr, Yocum's father (Solomon) was born in Kentucky, settled in Indiana, and now resides in Sheridan county/ Mo. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a full and complete list of the Supervisors, Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving in this township since its organization : SUPERVISORS. George Bamford 1850-51 George Bamford 1865 James Manley 1852 Chas. Wilson 1866-6' Amos Morey 1853-54 John W. Dimmitt 1868 Joshua Haney 1855 G.W.Greene 1869 Charles Howard 1856 F. M. Williams 1871-72 George Bamford 1857 Chas. Howard 1873-75 Charles Howard 1858-9 E. B. Throckmorton 1876-77 Charles Wilson 1860-64 F. M. Williams 1878-79 TOWN CLERKS. Jackson McCaughey 1850-53 Samuel Lutz 1871 D. T. Morgan 1854-55 J. M. Wallace 1872 Jackson McCaughey 1856-61 G. W. Greene 1873 Chas. Howard 1862-63 H.M. Harrison 1874 Jas. McCance 1864 Daniel Chambers 1875 G. W. Greene 1865-67 S. B. Howard 1876 Wm. F. Wallace 1868 Daniel Chambers 1877 T. B.Smith 186y Geo. W. Greene 1878-78 G. W. Greene, 1 ia-n J. M. Wallace, / 187U HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 711 ASSESSORS. Chas. Wilson 1850-52 Joshua Haney 1853-54 James Manley 1855 Bichard Osborn 1856 G. W. Creene 1857 D. H. Cramblet 1858-59 John Drummond 1860 John Williams 1861 John A. Hensley 1669 W. D. Bevansi 1863 Joshua Haney 1864 Bichard Osborn 1865 Wm. Wilson 1866 Wm. McDermott 1867 John Hobbs 1868 Joseph Jackson 1869 L. M. Donelly 1870-72 Joseph McCance 1873 E. B. Throckmorton 1874-75 Geo. W. Greene 1876-77 John Hauser 1878 E.B. Throckmorton 1879 COLLECTORS. John Harris 1850-51 T. H. McElroy 1852 John Harris :. 1853 John Davis 1854 T. H. McElroy 1855-59 Richard Osborn 1860 Wm. D.Bevans 1861 Thomas H. McElroy 1862 Wm. D.Bevans 1863 Samuel Lutz 1864-65 E. F. Osborn 1866 Jacob Manley 1867 Newton Williams 1868 Fantleroy Jones 1869 Wm. McCance 1870 Wm. Mancy 1871 James Osborn 1872-73 Pratt Dimmitt 1874-75 T. H. McElroy 1876 Alfred Coons 1877-78 Joseph McCance 1879 ISABEL TOWNSHIP. It was in this township that the first habitation for a white man in Fulton county was erected. Over three score years ago Dr. Davison came from his Eastern home and located in the dense forest upon the bank of Spoon river in this township. How long he had lived here before he was discovered by John Eveland is not known, but doubtless for many years. Dr. Davison, who is spoken of in the first chapter of this work, was the first white man to make his home between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers. He was leading the life of a hermit, and as soon as settlers be gan to be numerous here, he gathered his effects into a little boat, floated down Spoon river to the Illinois, and paddled his way up that stream till he reached Starved Rock, near the present city of Peru, where he landed, lived a few years and died. This township was settled very early by others besides Mr. Davi son. As early as 1822 James and Charles Gardner came from the " Sangamo country " and located in Isabel township upon section 34. Here Mr. James Gardner lived until ^his death, which occurred only a few years ago. His brother returned to Sangamon county, where he died. The township contains some fine farm land, and under as high state of cultivation as any in the county. To illustrate how rapidly timber has grown since the country was first settled, and how un founded the fear of the pioneers that the country would soon be barren of timber, we will speak of a strip of timber upon Mr. Dun can's farm. At one time since they came there the ground from which now tower lofty forest trees was used a grain field. It was plowed and cultivated as other parts of the farm for a while, when it was left idle. Trees soon started up, and now some are 60 to 75 feet in height. From these few acres of timber rails enough could be obtained to fence his large farm into 5-acre fields. As early as 1829 a saw-mill was erected. Then the well-known Duncan's mill was put up. Duncan's Mills is a small place of business with postoffice, on section 8 and on Spoon river, deriving its name from the grist mill at that point formerly owned and operated by George Duncan, an early settler here and a very highly respected citizen. Fr<>m 1840 to 1855, perhaps for a greater length of time, his was the largest grist-mill within a radius of 15 or 20 miles. Point Isabel is an old shipping point on the Illinois river, at the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 713 mouth of Spoon river and directly opposite Havana, being on the southeast quarter of section 29. It is now the southern terminus of the Fulton County Narrow-Gauge railway soon to be finished to Fairview, and thus the place will have enlarged opportunities for trade. Otto is a postoffice on section 30, on Otter Creek. PERSONAL-SKETCH HISTORY. The personal history of any community contains the most inter esting features of its history. We speak of the prominent people and early settlers as part of the history of the township. Jesse Benson, whose portrait we give in this volume, was born at Avon, Livingston Co., N. Y., Dec. 2, 1804, and there grew up to manhood.^ In early life he was engineer in the construction of the New York & Erie canal. He first came to Fulton county with Moses Freeman in March, 1828, and after looking at the country returned home the same year. Sept. 15, he joined a company com posed of Isaac Benson, Moses Lewis, Alexander and Richard W. Freeman (including the families of Moses and Lewis Freeman), built a boat and came to Illinois by way of the Alleghany, Ohio and Mississippi rivers, arriving in St. Louis in Nov., 1828, where they remained all winter ; the following spring they came up the Illinois river, landing at the mouth of Spoon river April 15, 1829 ; the fol lowing spring he took a trip to the north ; while absent he helped to re-build Fort Dearborn in Chicago when there were only a black smith shop and a very few other buildings in the place. About 1831, in company with the Freemans, he built quite an extensive mill, on sec. 6, Isabel tp., for grinding and sawing, on Spoon river near where the old Hackelton bridge used to stand; but a big freshet and the use of quicksilver from the hands of some ill-disposed person washed the foundation from under the building so much that they were in danger of losing their valuable structure, when they removed the building to Beardstown, a part of the machinery being used in a mill on Otter creek where they ©perated successfully for a number of years. Mr. Benson and the Freemans made brick of which the present court-house was built. Mr. Benson was first married in 1834 to Miss Mary W. Hackel ton, sister of Maj. Hackelton, an officer in the 'Mexican and Black Hawk wars. She died June 3, 1835. His second marriage oc curred Jan. 1, 1842, with Miss Mary A. Hendee. This lady died, and he again married, in 1851, to Miss Harriet E. Hendee. His third and last wife has been dead four or five years. He was the father of 12 children, 10 of whom are living. Mr. Benson was an Adventist in his religious views. He was widely known throughout this county and greatly honored. Mr. Benson held many local offices ; indeed he was not free from official responsibilities for perhaps a third of a century. Thirty years ago he was one of the three Associate Judges of the county ; was also 714 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. frequently elected Assessor. To this day his efficiency in these sta tions are remembered and commented upon by the pioneers as a pleasant memory of pioneer life. Socially he was remarkable for his genial and hospitable characteristics. He was attached to his home and his children, as their grief at his death most pointedly attest. He had been in failing health for many months, caused by falling from a load of hay ; but on the day of his death seemed stronger and more hopeful than he had been in many days. March 27, 1879, he was sitting in his chair talking pleasantly with a neigh bor and his children, when he desired to lie down; he declined assistance as he walked to his bed and lay down ; within $ve minutes he was dead. His remains were buried at Freeman's Cemetery. G. W. Brewer was born in Indiana Oct. 28, 1838, the native State also of his parents, Bincent and Elizabeth Brewer. He came to this county in 1856, and married Mary Ann Peggs at Otto in 1861, who was born in England in 1839, and they have had 4 children, of whom 3 are living. Farmer. Republican. Sec. 30, Isabel tp. P, O., Otto. Jacob Brown was born in Ohio Feb. 24, 1826, the son of George and Nancy Brown, of the same State ; in 1848' Mr. B. came by way of the rivers to Fulton county ; worked for $4 to $7 a month before coming here and $10 to $15 since, until in three years he laid up $250 and owned a horse ; worked at farming two years and bought 80 acres of land on 7 years' time, at $750, and paid for it before this time expired ; then bought another 80 acres at $1,600 and paid for it in less than two years; in 1863 he purchased 80 acres more, at $2,400 cash ; since that time he has bought 760 acres more. Aug, 23, 1853, he married Priscilla Cornell at Lewistown, who was a native of Meigs Co., O., Oct. 26, 1834; and they have had 10 chil dren, some of them grown. Has been Highway Commissioner. Is a stock-raiser, sec. 21, Isabel tp. Republican. P. O., Duncan's Mills. Portraits of himself and wife are given in this volume. Jane E. Brown was boun Feb. 13, 1810, in New Jersey, daughter of Joseph and Esther Gordon, natives of Pennsylvania; in 1829 married Charles Brown in Ohio, who was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1809; came to Fulton county in 1831; discouraged, they re turned East, but before unloading the wagon concluded they could do better out West, and back to Fulton county they came and set tled on sec. 20, Isabel township, where they have been reasonably successful. They brought up 14 children, 10 of whom are still liv ing. Mr. Brown died Dec. 21, 1878, leaving, her with but one child at home, a young lady 21 years of age. Mrs. B. is carrying on the farm where her husband introduced the first Durham cattle of the county. P. O., Otto. Thomas A. Brown was born in this township June 19, 1854, son of Jacob and Priscilla Brown, the former a native of Harrison Com. O., and the latter of Meigs Co., O. Our subject received a fair ed- a °\ Id m< HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 717 ucation has filled offices of trust and is at present School Treasurer and Town Clerk. He manages for himself and father, on sec. 26, one of the nicest farms in the township. Republican. Geo. W. Clark was born in Gallia county, O., Aug. 27, 1847. In 1849 the family moved to Indianapolis, next year back to Gallia Co. then to Indianapolis again, where they remained till 1854; then started for Chickasaw county, Iowa, with 5 yoke of oxen ; lost two of his children in Peoria by sickness, but went on to Cedar river and entered a tract of land ; the Indians scalping a few natives in his neighborhood, Mr. Clark took his family back to Indianapolis in 1857, and soon to Gallia county, O., again ; in 1858 they emi grated to Schuyler county, Mo., and in 1863 he was killed by guerrillas; the remainder of the family removed to Adair county, Mo., where they all remain, except Geo. W., who enlisted in Co. E, 42d Mo. Inf. ; in 1869, married Julia A. Smith, born in 1846 in Fulton county, 111. Mr. Clark is now in the general merchandise and drug business at Duncan City. Margaret Coleman, residing on sec. 18, Isabel tp., was born in 1819 in Va., daughter of Wm. and Mary Hawkins, natives also of Va. Mrs. C. first came to Tazewell Co., 111., where she married Mr. Coleman in 1843, who died several years ago. They had 9 children. Mr. C. is successfully carrying on her farm. P. O., Duncan's Mills. John Craig was born Nov. 18, 1858, in Isabel township, son of Wm. and Elizabeth Craig, the former a native of Ohio and the lat ter of Indiana ; in 1844 they came and settled here. John obtained a good education and is now carrying on the farm with his widowed mother. Sec. 17. P. O., Duncan's Mills. William Farris, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 15 ; P. O., Duncan's Mills; was born May 4, 1819, in Missouri, son of John and Eliza beth Farris, natives of Virginia. The family first settled in Frank lin Co., 111., in 1821 ; in 1828 they came to Fulton county, and have lived here ever since. Mr. Farris has been Commissioner of Highways, Supervisor, Assessor, etc., in Isabel tp. He is yet un married, but has a nice farm. Ira M. Fish was born in New York in 1826, son of Moses and Debbie Fish; emigrated first to Ohio, then to this county in 1840; in 1867 (he being then 41 years of age) he married Mary I. Vaughn, who was born near Vermont, this -county. They have three chil dren. Mr. F. is a farmer, on a nice tract of land, sec. 16. P. O., Duncan's Mills. F. M. Foutch was born in Sangamon Co., 111., in 1833, the son of John and Bhoda (Ray) Foutch, the former a native of Ken tucky. The family emigrated to this county in 1835, where the subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools. He has served the township of Isabel acceptably as Assessor and Col lector. In 1854 he married Elizabeth Leadmon, a native of Indi ana, and they have had 5 children, 4 of whom are living. Mr. 43 J'JLL&k.. 718 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. . Foutch was a merchant for 6 years, but is now a farmer, on sec. 27 ; P. O., Duncan's Mills. John Foutch was born in Kentucky in 1806 ; when of age he married Rhoda Ray ; came and settled on sec. 22, Isabel tp., in 1827, where he still resides; commenced poor here, doing most of the cultivating with a hoe, having only an ox team, etc., but is now a wealthy man, all owing to perseverance and economy. He has had 13 children, of whom 12 are living. Nine of the children were by his second wife, Lucretia, nee Farris. Mr. F.'s father, John Foutch, was born in Virginia, went to Kentucky, married Nancy Wherrott, moved to Indiana in 1807, to Sangamon Co., 111., in 1823, where he died in 1845.. Of his 5 boys and 5 girls our subject is the eldest son. P. O., Havana. His portrait appears in this work. John H. Foutch, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 23 ; P. O., Havana. Mr. F. was born in Isabel township in 1848, son of John and Lu tetia Foutch. In 1878 he married Anna Sbirrel, born in White Co., 111., in 1856, and a member of the Christian Church. They have one child. Dexter Freeman. Alex. Freeman came with his family to Isabel township when this country was a wilderness, undergoing all the hardships that other pioneers had to suffer, and now resides in Pleasant tp. Dexter was born Jan. 5, 1843, in Isabel tp., where he still resides, a prosperous farmer and stock-dealer, owning 240 acres of land. June 11, 1865, he married Mary A. Lockard: 3 boys and 3 girls are their offspring. Mrs. F. was born in Ohio in 1845, and is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. F. is a Free mason. P. O., Otto. James Gardner was born in Isabel tp. in 1850, son to James and Delia Gardner, natives of New York and Ohio respectively. In 1823 they emigrated to sec. 34 of this township, where the subject of this sketch now resides. He is a Republican. P. O., Havana. In 1874 he married Martha E. Hukill, born in this township in 1852. They have one child living and two dead. They have a good farm on sec. 34, and from their residence is seen one of the grandest views of natural scenery in this region of country. One can see into Schuyler, Cass and Mason counties, looking over the Illinois river valley with its long and weird Bands of bluish green And silvery sheen. James M. Lane was born in Pleasant tp. Feb. 19, 1840, son of Relaford and Catherine Lane ; married Nancy Lane in March, 1870, who was born in Isabel tp. in 1842. They have had one child. They occupy the old home on secv 29, Isabel tp. Mr. Lane is a Democrat. His father served in the Black Hawk war. Mrs. L. belongs to the Christian Church. P. O., Otto. Charles G. Matthews was born in Fulton county in 1843, and is HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 719 the son of Montgomery and Alice Matthews. He served 3 years in the late war, in Co. I, 85th I. V. I., and participated in the bat tles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and others; and was with Sherman on his march to. the sea. He was married in October, 1865,. to Eliza Smith, who was born in Ohio in 1848. They have had 4 children, of whom 3 are living. Sec. 22, Isabel tp. P. O., Duncan's Mills. Montgomery Matthews, farmer, sec. 15; P. O., Duncan's Mills. A native of Greenbrier Co., Va., born in 1811, son to Townsend and Nancy Matthews, also natives of Va. The family moved to Gallia Co., 0., in 1815,, where Montgomery married Alice T. Walker in 1836, a native of Fayette Co., O. Emigration — in 1838 to Sullivan Co., Ind., in 1840 to Fulton Co., in 1845 moved to Wisconsin, and in 1849 back to this county. They have had 9 children, 5 of whom are living. As a farmer Mr. Matthews is successful. Republican. Robert G. Mulica, sec. 15, Isabel tp. ; P. O. Duncan's Mills; was born in Cole Co., Mo., Aug. 27, 1837, the son of Jesse and Par melia Mulica, the former a a native of New Jersey and the latter of Tennessee. He first removed with his parents to Franklin Co., Mo., and afterward to this county in 1845, where he grew to man hood. He served in the late war, in Co. I, 85th I. V. I., nearly 3 years,; enlisted Aug. 14, 1862, and was discharged June 20, 1865. He was with Sherman on his noted march to the sea, and partici pated in the battles of the Atlanta campaign, and others. Mr. Mulica has filled the offices of Town Clerk two terms, Supervisor one term, and is at present Com'r of Highways. He was mar ried, May 1, 1858, to Isabel Farris, by whom he had 10 children : 9 are living. Mrs. Mulica was born in Fulton Co., Sept.. 9, 1840, Mr. M. is a Greenbacker.' Bernard Rogers was born in 1844, in Lebanon, Warren Co., O., son of James H. and Ann Rogers, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Ohio. Emigration — in 1855 to Mason Co., 111., and in 1874 to Fulton. Bernard is a graduate of Bryant & Stratton's College, and has taught school considerably. During the war he served in the Quartermaster's Department of the Cumber land. In 1867, at Havana, he married Anna M. Buck, born in 1844 in Mason Co. She is a member of the M. E. Church, and has. been >a school-teacher. Mr. R. owns 190 acres of land. Sec. 14. Democrat. P. O., Havana. William Rose was born in Fulton Co., 111., in 1853, the son of Barnabas and Lizzie Rose, natives of England. Mr. Rose received a common education, and at the age of 21 married Miss Martha Vaughn in 1874; she was born in 1856, in Fulton Co., 111.; they have had one child. Mr. R. is a farmer with good prospect of success. Isabel tp., sec. 19. P. O., Otto. D. M. Shipp was born Oct. 11, 1832, in Ky., son of Walker and Bebecca Shipp, also natives of Kentucky; came to Illinois in 1855, stopping in Richland Co., then to Menard, then to Mason, and finally 720 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. in this tp. in 1859 ; formerly an operator of a saw-mill, now a farmer ¦ has been School Director and Trustee, Road Commissioner, etc. and has always been an influential man. He built the first levee on Spoon river. At the age of 20 he married Mary Seay, a native of Ky., born in 1834, and they have had 3 children, one only now living. Sec. 27, Isabel tp.. P. O., Havana. Elizabeth Sterling was born in Ohio in 1818, the daughter of Henry and Caroline Bolender, both deceased. She came with her father by the rivers, in 1839, to this county, landing at the mouth of Spoon river. She was married to Mr. Sterling in 1843; they had 6 chil dren, of whom 5 are living. Sea 27, Isabel tp. P. O., Duncan's Mills. Harmon Thomas was born Dec. 17, 1852, in Fulton Co., 111., the son of Jesse and Martha Thomas, natives of Ohio. Mr. T. owns the old home farm where he was born. In the year 1875 he married Sarah H. Warner, a native of Indiana, born in 1853. Mr. T.'s occupation is farming. Sec. 21. Jesse Thomas, Isabel tp. ; P. O., Duncan's Mills ; was born in Ohio in 1833, the son of John and Elizabeth Thomas, natives of Ohio. His father is deceased. He received a common-school edu cation, and came to Fulton Co. in 1843. He was married to Martha Landon in 185'3, who was born in Ohio in 1836. They have had 11 children, of whom 10 are living. Mr. T. is a well-to-do farmer and stock-raiser. • Republican. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a list of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. Jeremiah Farris 1850-51 Wm. Farris 1866-69 Robert Carter 1852-53 JosiahHendee 1870 Wm. Craig 1854-55 T. B. Duncan 1871 Alex. Freeman 1856-57 John Lane 1872 RobertCarter 1858 Robert K. Walker 1873 Alex. Freeman 1859 James M. Lane 1874-75 C. J. Dilworth 1860 Robert G. Mulica 1876 John Lane 1861-64 James Foutch 1877-79 Wm. Craig 1865 TOWN CLERKS. Jesse Benson 1850-59 Robert G. Mulica 1872-73 Wm. Craig 1860 Jesse Benson 1874-77 Jesse Benson 1861-69 Stephen J. Benson 1878 Roland C. Benson 1870 Thomas Brown 1879 Hugh Murrey 1871 'is?'-' ' Jfcmn/ SABEL «/ HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 723 ASSESSORS. John Farris 1850 Robert Carter 1851 Wm. Craig 1852-53 George Duncan 1854 Elija Barnes 1855-56 • Uriah B. Sloan 1857 David S.Bay 1858 JohnH. Duncan 1859 John Graham .?. 18K0-61 Alexander Beckelhymer 1862-63 Wm. Farris 1864 James Foutch 1865 James M. Smith 1866 Fenton McCartry 1867 Alex. Beckelhymer 1868 Charles Brown 1869-70 Thomas Landon 1871 Wm. Farris 1872 Dudley M. Shipp 1873 Wm. Farris 1874-78 Frank M. Foutch 1879 COLLECTORS. John Farris 1850 Lewis Freeman 1851-52 Charles M. Geering 1853 Hiram Shields 1854 Charles M. Geering 1855 Thomas Rigdon 1856 John Graham 1857 W. G. B. Kelly : 1858 David S. Eay 1859 John Lane 1860 Josiah Hendee 1861 Joseph Stever 1862 I. P. Ames 1863 Alex. Beckelhymer 1864 John H. Duncan 1865 I. P. Ames 1866-68 Abraham Leonard 1869 James P. Smith 1870 Francis M. Foutch 1871 John I. Holmes 1871 Hugh Murrey 1872 Francis M. Foutch 1873 Thomas P. Kerney 1874 F. M. Foutch 1875-78 IraG. Graham 1879 JOSHUA TOWNSHIP. Perhaps Fulton county cannot boast of a better agricultural town ship than this one. It is bounded upon the north by Fairview, the east by Canton, south by Putman and upon the west by Deerfield. The first settler in Joshua township was Joshua Moore, who im- migratet do Sangamon county, Illinois, in 1819, and to Fulton county in 1824, Mr. Moore settled on the place well known as the Moore farm, west of Canton five miles. Mr. Moore was accompanied by his son-in-law, John Walters, who was killed at Stillman's defeat in 1832. Mr. Moore was a. Methodist, and at his house were held many of the earliest Methodist meetings. Here, to such pioneers as David W. Barnes, the Sergeants, the Buffums, John Hannan and his family, old Father Fraker, John Owens, Jacob Ellis, and a few others, Rev. Randall, Smith L. Robinson (the one-eyed preacher) and Peter Cartwright would preach sermons full of primitive fire and religious zeal. At his house were held the class-meetings and love-feasts, and here were held the merry-makings wherein those present had rarer sport than is known to the silk and velvet gentry of the present fast age. The story of Mr. Moore's first visit to the county is related by Mr. Henry Andrews, of Canton. It will be remembered, as spoken of in the first chapter, that Capt. David W. Barnes was the first settler in the northern part of Fulton county. He erected his cabin about two miles and a half north of Canton. It was customary and expected in those early days for men who were "prospecting" through the country to put up at the cabins of the settlers, where they were treated with the greatest hospitality and shown all over the country and the best quarter sections pointed out to them. This was all done without remuneration. One. day in August, 1823, two men stopped at Barnes' cabin. These were Joshua Moore and Levi Ellis. Barnes invited them in the most cordial manner to make his house their headquarters while in the neighborhood, and the invita tion was cheerfully accepted. Mrs. Barnes announced to her hus band that the meat was out that evening, and that she did not know what she was going to do for something to eat. As meat and corn- bread or hominy was about the extent of the pioneer bill of fare at that period, this announcement was received with some consterna tion. Barnes had no stock to kill, and had neglected hunting, from the pressure of his fall work. George Matthews was at thaty time working at Barnes', and in the morning he undertook to find some HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 725 game. He started out east of Barnes' cabin, and had been gone but a few moments before the report of his gun was heard, and his halloo for help soon followed it. The whole family started for the scene of action, anxious to know the result. Matthews had shot and killed a fine doe within a short distance of the house, and was pro ceeding to skin it. This gave Mrs. Barnes relief, and she furnished her guests an abundance of venison during the balance of their stay. Moore purchased land in what is now Joshua township, and gave the township its name. Ellis afterwards moved to EUisviUe, which township was also named in his honor. He built a mill at the present site of Ellisville. Both of them were prominent and useful men, and possessed of great influence among the people at that early day. Moore died in 1853. Mr. Levi Gr. Ellis first settled in this township and erected about the first mill in the county. A few years later he moved to Ellis ville and Joseph H. Gardiner bought his farm and miU in Joshua. Mr. Ellis had erected a steam saw and grist mill in Joshua, the first in the township and in all probability the first steam mill in the county. Mr. Ellis had previously run a water mill on Put creek, which was swept away by flood in 1835. Mr. Gardiner did a large busi ness and for many years shipped flour to New York city. He made flat-boats upon which he would float his produce to St. Louis, start ing from Copperas creek landing. After these boats were unloaded he would sell them to go further south. At one time he built a thirty-ton keel-boat, and carried it on wheels to Copperas creek, where it was launched. When the Illinois river was low and he could not run a boat to St. Louis he would take a team of four yoke of oxen and a team of horses, and put on about 100 bushels of wheat and start for Chicago, where he would get 60 cents to 62^ cents per bushel, when wheat would only bring 25 cents at home. It would consume a month's time to make these trips. He would return with dry-goods and other necessaries. These trips as we may well suppose were very tedious. The roads in some places crossed sloughs and were difficult to get over. At such places they would be obliged to hitch sixteen to eighteen yoke of oxen to one wagon and pull it across, the wagon sinking often to the box. This they were able to do as there would be generally from fifty to one hun dred teams in a train going to market. They camped out on the prairies every night. They turned their oxen out to graze but tied them up at dark. Mr. Gardiner said it seldom cost any money to make the trip, but on one occasion there had been a prairie fire and in consequence they were obliged to buy corn from the settlers along the route. This cost him about $3 for the round trip, consum ing a month of time. 726 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. BIOGRAPHIES. We give in connection with the history of Joshua, indeed as a part of its history, personal sketches of its leading citizens and old settlers of the township : John W. Abbott, deceased, was born in the Keystone State Dec. 12, 1812, and came to this county as early as 1838. In 1846 he bought land and settled in Farmington tp., where he lived until 1865, when he bought a farm in Joshua tp. and moved upon it, re maining there until his decease, which occurred April 10, 1877, During all his life-time he took a deep interest in educational mat ters, aiding the same both morally and financially. He accumu lated a large property, leaving an estate of 800 acres of land. His widow still resides upon the homestead. He was married in Farm ington tp. to Christina Babbitt in 1837. She was a daughter of Daniel Babbitt of Washington Co., Pa., who settled in this county in 1827. Two of the family, Jacob and Wm. Babbitt, served in the Black Hawk war. Of the iarge family of 14 children, only 6 are living, 3 of whom reside with their widowed mother on the farm. The nanies of the children are : Daniel, Jacob, John W., Nancy C, Geo. B. and Jeremiah. Those deceased are : Alexander, died at the age of 25 ; Sarah L., at the age of 21 ; Stephen A., at the age of 17, and Elizabeth, Cynthia, Silas, Wm. A. and Bethany died in infancy. Of those living, Daniel and Jacob are attorneys at law in Canton. The children were all born on the farm homestead near the Dunkard church in Farmington tp. Mrs. Abbott was a native of Scott Co., Ind., and is the only one of the pioneer family of Daniel Babbitt living in this county. Singleton W. Ash, farmer, sec. 23, Joshua tp. ; was born in Mor gan Co., Va., March 5, 1834. His father was a farmer and Single ton worked also on the farm up to 1851, when he with the rest of the family came West and settled in Joshua tp., Fulton Co., 111. On March 3, 1856, he was married to Mary Jane, daughter of Joseph H. and Margarette Gardiner of this township. They have 3 children, — Charles Eugene, Lorin Melville and Lucy Ann. Mr. Ash is a Democrat. John Berger, miller, the son of Jasper and Gertie (Wyckoff) Berger, was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., Aug. 2, 1808. He landed in this county Nov. 20, 1841. He has been engaged in ag ricultural pursuits most of his life and at present owns a farm on sec. 1. Mr. B. and his son are the proprietors of the grist-mill at Fairview. Since this mill has come into their hands it has gained a good reputation and is doing a fine business. Mr. B. was married Dec. 10, 1833 ; his wife died Oct. 4, 1865. This union was blessed with 8 children, — 3 boys and 5 girls, only 3 daughters and one son are living, all of whom are married. Mr. B. has been a member of the Reformed Church since 1838. P. O., Fairview. m it^^l'/ 9mmS mk JOSHUA Tlf HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 729 John W. Bowen, farmer, sec. 4 ; P. O., Fairview ; was born in Franklin Co., Pa., Nov., 20, 1840, and came to this county in 1861. He was educated in the common schools of his native State. Dur ing the dark days of our couutry!s peril he enlisted in Co. D, 103rd 111. Inf., under Capt. Wyckoff. He was in the famous battle of Mission Ridge, and took part in some 20 battles and skirmishes. He returned home and in 1867, Oct. 17, was married to Anna C, Davis. They have 4 children, — 3 boys and one girl. Egbert G. Boynton, farmer, sec. 31 ; P. Q., Fiatt ; was born in Bensellaer Co,, N. Y., and came to this county in 1836, where he attended the common schools and entered Hedding College, Abing don. In 1854 he was united in marriage. His son, V. C. Boynton, was born Sept. 30, 1856, and has taught school very successfully 4 terms. He is a member of the M. E. Church. E. L. Boynton. This aged veteran was born in New Hampshire, Aug. 31, 1796. His parents were Joel and Betsy (Wallace) Boyn ton, both of whom died in the East. The subject of this sketch came to Fulton Co. in 1836, and settled on sec. 31, Joshua tp., where he still lives. He has served as Supervisor, and in New York was appointed by the Governor to inspect beef and pork. He was united in marriage with Elizabeth Fancheir in 1817. She was born March 21, 1793. They had born to them 9 children, — 5 sons and 4 daughters. Mr. B. owns 270 acres of land and is en gaged in farming; P. O., Fiatt. Charles S. Brokaw, farmer, sec. 5 ; P. O., Fairview ; is a native of Somerset Co., N. J., where he was born Feb. 14, 1822, and is the son of William and Helen Brokaw. He arrived in Fulton Co. June 16, 1846, and began farming, and his efforts have been crowned with success. He has served his district as a Director for 22 years ; his township as Supervisor for 7 years, Collector 4 years and Assessor one year. He was united in marriage with Miss Jane Ten Eyck Feb. 11, 1844, the ceremony being performed at North Branch, N. J., by Rev. Campbell. They are the parents of 7 children, — 4 boys and 3 girls : all the daughters are dead. The oldest son married Mary Voorhees and resides in McLean Co., 111. In 1851 Mr. B. united with the Reformed Church. Simon S. Brokaw, farmer, sec. 16 ; P. O., Fairview. The father of of Simon Brokaw, Isaac, was born Jan. 21, 1800 ; his mother, Allettia Brokaw, was born Oct. 1, 1804. He was born in New Jersey, April 22, 1836, and was brought to this county 3 years later. He was mar ried March 25, 1858, to Louisa Beams, who has borne him 7 children, whose names and dates of births are as follows : Isaac N., born in 1859 ; Mary Allettia, July 17, 1860 ; John Peirsol, March 26, 1863 ; May R., April 24, 1867; Maggie L., Nov. 16, 1869; Minnie, July 13, 1872, and Blanche, Sept. 28, 1875. B. F. Brown. This gentleman, who is engaged in farming on sec. 28, was bom in Franklin Co., N. Y., Jan. 22, 1828. His father, Solomon, Brown, of Vermont, died in 1839; his mother, Clarissa 730 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Brown, nee Blanchard, died in 1874 or '75. B. F. was brought to this county in 1835. He was married in .this township to Louisa Scott in 1853. Mrs. B. was born Jan. 25, 1829, A son and daughter were born to them, — Amanda and Thomas Henry. The latter died when only one year of age. Mr. and Mrs. B. are members of the Free-will Baptist Church and their daughter of the Methodist Church. Mr. B. owns 220 acres of land, which he has made by his own en ergy and exertions. His postoffice is Fiatt. David Bybee, farmer,, was born in Clark Co., Ky., in 1817. His parents, Thomas and Rachel (Hagans) Bybee, were native Kentuck ians. Mr. B. has no school education, having never attended school over 2 or 3 months. He was in military service in California. He has been married twice, — the first time in Fulton Co. to Margaret Spencer ; the second time in Clark Co., Ky., to Margaret A. Ballard, and has children nearly 40 years old. He crossed the plains to Cali fornia in 1850. At present owns just 1,000 acres of land in Illinois and 4 houses and lots in Canton, for 2 of which he paid $7,000 apiece. P. O., Fiatt. Chester B. Churchill, agriculturist, sec. 27 ; P. O., Canton ; was born in Oneida Co., N. Y., April 14, 1824. His father, Chas. B. Churchill, of Connecticut, died April 17, 1878. His mother, Eliza beth Churchill, nee Hubbard, died in Fulton Co., July 21, 1867. Chester B. was united in marriage with Catharine M. Purkle Oct. 30, 1848, at Farmington. Mrs. C. was born Oct. 3, 1828. They have had a family of 9 children, — 7 boys and 2 girls. He is a mem ber of the Christian Chuch. Leonard H Churchill, farmer, sec. 32 : P. O., Canton ; was born in Boon ville, N. Y., April 28, 1820, and is the son of Charles B. and Elizabeth (Hubbard) Churchill], who came to the county in 1836 and settled in the Hickey neighborhood, Putman tp. In 1848, in Canton tp., Mr. C. was united in marriage with Miss Harriet McBroom, who was born in 1831. There have been born to them 10 children, — 7 boys and 3 girls. Mr. C. started in life at hard work. He first worked for Jacob Emery. He now owns 244 acres of land, all of which he made by his own exertions. He ran a threshing- machine for 25 years. Samuel Cunningham, farmer, sec. 33; P. O., Canton; was born in Fayette Co., Pa., Feb. 16, 1801 ; his parents were William and Nancy Cunningham. He came West, to Ohio, as early as 1828, and 7 years later came to Illinois. He received only such education as could be gained at the common schools of his boyhood days. He now owns 272 acres of land, all of which he has made himself. In 1828, March 25, he was married, and his wife bore him 3 sons, Abbott, Jesse and John, two of whom are living. Geo. W. Ellis. This gentleman, who is engaged in farming upon sec. 24, is a native of Fulton Co., having been born in Canton tp. May 22, 1834. His parents, Isaac and Nancy (Jennings) Ellis, were natives of Tenn. His father died Dec. 21, 1877. H Y. ; his parents, Benjamin and Elizabeth (Boyd) Hendryx were also natives of the Empire State, and William emigrated first to Ohio, and then in 1839 to Lee tp., this county. March 4, 1824, in Huron Co., O., he married Lucinda Day, who was born in Chittenden Co., Vt., in 1807, and they have had 4 boys and 8 girls : Elizabeth, born July 14, 1825; Laura, Feb. 7, 1828; Nancy, July 29, 1830; Ben jamin, May 1, 1832; Anna L., Aug. 28, 1834; Alzina, Oct. 16, 1839; Sarah, Jan. 4, 1837; Wm. R., June 19, 1845; Corydon D., Feb. 2, 1841; Lucinda M., April 7, 1847; Mary C, Aug. 28, 1849; David S., Sept. 2, 1855. Parents are of German descent and members of the Christian Church. Mr. H. is a farmer, and in 764 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. politics a Democrat. Resides on sec. 4, where he has 120 acres of land. P. O., Prairie City. Edward Hexworth ; P. O., Babylon ; was born in Franklin Co., O., Nov. 4, 1848, -son of Israel and Sarah (Markley) H., the former residing now in Knox county, the latter deceased. They emigrated to Vermilion Co., 111., in 1852, and to Knox Co. in 1854. Edward served in Co. H, 2d Iowa Vol. Inf., enlisting at the early age of 16, and was in the siege of Atlanta and the battles of Resaca, Dal las, Kenesaw Mountain, the^siege of Savannah, etc., being in Sher man's great march. He located in Babylon, this township, in 1877, where he put up a store-building and has since carried on general merchandising with success. He is at present acting Postmaster. Hugh L. Hulick, farmer, sec 9 ; P. O., Prairie City ; was born in Fulton Co. in 1831, a son of Isaac and Ruth A. ; his father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother of Ohio, near Cinninnati, 77 years ago ; they emigrated to this county about 1827, and Mr, H. died in 1852 or '53. Hugh L. married in 1865 Mary Jane Louk, born in 1845 in this county. Their 6 children are: Albert E., George, Charles, Roy, Mary and Lawrence. Mr. H. com menced with nothing, but by his own industry he has made for himself and family a good home on 140 acres of land. B. F. Louk was born in 1850 in this county, son of J. and Anna Louk ; his father was a native of New York and his mother of Ohio ; he married Elmira Clark in 1870, who was born in McDonough county, 111., in 1854, and they have had 2 children, — Parepa A. and Julia L. Mr, L. is a farmer on sec. 9 and stock-shipper; has 120 acres of land. Has accumulated all his property by his own honest labor. He and his wife are both members of the Methodist Church. P. O., Prairie City. Jefferson Louk was born in Genesee county, N. Y., June 6, 1822; his parents, David and Clara Scott, were also natives of the Empire State; the former died in 1845 and the latter in 1869; their emigrar tion to Lee township was in 1847. Jefferson married Anna Piersol, Feb. 1, 1844, who was born in Holmes Co., O., Jan. 3, 1824, and they have 6 children, namely, Sarah J., born Nov. 25, 1844; David L., July 15, 1847; Benjamin F., Feb. 6, 1850; John P., Feb. 11, 1854 ; Ckarles F., June 28, 1856 ; Julia E., Nov. 1, 1860. Farmer, Sec. 16; 400 acres; P. O., Prairie City; Republican; Methodist. Elza Majors was born in 1826 in Edmonson county, Ky., son of Thomas and Polly Majors. His father was born in Virginia and his mother in Kentucky. He first came to Illinois in 1854, near Swan creek, then to Greenbush, and then (1875) to this county. In 1859 he married Elizabeth Patterson, who was born in 1838. They have had 11 children. Mr. M. resides \\ miles southeast of Baby lon. Democrat. Charles O. Nickerson was born Feb. 4, 1816, in Green county, N. Y. His father, Ezra N., was born June 16, 1776, and died Dec. 27, 1859 ; his mother, nee Anna Dodge, was born July 5, 1778, and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 765 died Jan. 10, 1850. The subject of our sketch came to Fulton county Aug. 7, 1837 ; he married his first wife, Mary Ann Scofield, in Virgil, 111., April 29, 1843, who was born in New York Sept. 14, 1823, and died Feb. 26, 1867 ; his second wife, Augusta Doolittle, was born in Broome county, N. Y., July 30, 1843, and married Nov. 4, 1868. Mr. N. has had 6 children, as follows : Solomon R., Aug. 8, 1844; David H., May 2, 1846; Martha, June 5, 1848; Sarah A, Aug. 31, 1851; Harriet L., Jan. 8, 1854; Myron E., Feb. 21, 1856. Mr. N. is a carpenter and farmer, owning 280 acres of land, and residing on sec 4 ; in politics he is a Republican. P. 0., Prairie City. Wesley Osborn. In 1836 Richard Osborn emigrated from Indiana to Cass tp., this county, rented land for two seasons, and then set tled on sec. 32, Lee township. Wesley Osborn resides on the same section, and as a farmer and stock-raiser has been very successful. March 11, 1852 he married Miss R. A. Johnson, and they are the parents of 7 children. Mr. O. has been Assessor, School Trustee, and is now serving his second term as Supervisor. Democrat. Stephen Payne was born in 1816 in Washington Co., O., son of Abraham and Philomela Payne, natives of Connecticut, who died aged 100 years; in 1850 Stephen emigrated to Iowa; in 1858 he came to this county ;• served nearly 4 years, in the war, — first in Co. D, 70th 111. Inf., then in Co. I, 16th 111. Cav., then transferred to Co. E, V. R. O, and discharged at St. Paul, Minn., Sept. 5, 1865. Mr. Payne first married Phcebe Rickey, who was born in 1812, in Belmont Co., O. ; she died in 1843. In 1845 Mr. P. married Catharine Dunn in Madison Co., O., who was a native of Hampshire Co., Va., and who died in 1865. Mr. Payne has had 11 children, 6 of whom are living. He has been a merchant, but is now a farmer on sec 5, Lee tp. Is Justice of the Peace, and in politics a Demo crat. P. O., Prairie City. Joel E. Peirsol was born in Lee tp. in 1843 ; his father, Joel, was born in Berks Co., Penn., and his mother's maiden name was Cath arine Emry ; emigrated to Lee tp. in 1837 ; in Prairie City, in 1870, Joel E. married Ella L. Clark, who was born in Prairie City in 1853. Harry A., born in 1871, and John L., born in 1874, are their children. Home 160 acres, sec. 21 ; P. O., Prairie City; religion, Mrs. P. is a Baptist : politics, Mr. P. is a Democrat, and has been Township Collector and School Director. Father died in 1876 and mother in 1852. Harrison Rigdon, the oldest settler in Lee tp., was born Dec. 12, 1812, in Alleghany Co., Pa. ; went to Ohio with his father's family in- 1822; came to Canton, Fulton Co., in 1832, lived there two years, then came to this tp. in 1834, where he has since resided. His parents were Stephen and Jane Rigdon, the former a native of Burks Co., Md., the latter of York Co., Pa. ; both dead. Mr. Rigdon came to this county on horseback, or, as he says, walked most of the way with most ofhis clothes, etc., tied on the horse's back. He came to 766 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Lee tp. in May, '34 ; lived alone until his father came with his family from Canton in October following ; during this time he did not see a white person. His father was in the war of 1812. Mr. Rigdon has held the offices of Town Clerk, Constable, Collector, and different school offices in the township, and was County Surveyor one term. Was married Jan. 12, 1837, in Deerfield tp., to Prudence Peirsol, who was born in Beaver, Pa., May 25, 1817. She died Sept. 17, 1877; was a member of the M. E. Church. By her he had 4 children. Hiram, his eldest son, died Aug. 31, 1848. His son Peter and two daughters are still living ; has missed but one election in the 45 years he has lived in township. The first sermon preached in the township was in his father's house by his uncle. Is a very active old man of 67 years and still follows farming. All the pioneers who came to this county with him have passed away. Has been a Democrat since 1850. P. O., Babylon. Other interesting facts related by this gentleman are given in this volume. John Rowland was -born in Cumberland Co., Ky., in 1828, son of Wade and Winifred Rowland, natives of Henry Co., Va. In 1851 he married Sarah L. Young, who was born in 1832 in Tennes see; emigrated to Mason Co., 111., in 1857; afterward moved to McDonough Co., where in 1860 Mrs. R. died. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. I, 11th 111., Cav., and served from Oct., 1861, to Oct., 1865, having fought in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, in raids with Sher man, etc. He then settled in Lee tp., where he is a prosperous farmer, owning 100 acres of land on see. 11. Feb. 27, 1862, he married Anna M. Aylsworth, who was born in N. Y. in 1837. By his first wife he had 4 children and by his second 3 ; all are liv ing. Mr. R. is a Republican, and has been Road Commissioner. Mrs. R. is a Methodist. P. O., Babylon. Albert D. Scudder was born in Fulton Co., Jan. 14, 1856, son of Dr. J. T. and Sarah A. Scudder, the former a native of Pennsyl vania and the latter of New York. Dr. Scudder practiced medi cine 15 years, and died in 1867 in this township. At the age of 20 Mr. Albert D. Scudder married Martha A. Powell, who was born in 1858, in Nicholas Co., Ky. They lived in Warren Co., 111., two years, and in 1867 came to Fulton Co. They have three children, — Flora M., John M. and Edith. Mr. S. is a farmer, and in poli tics a Democrat. Residence, sec. 16. P. O., Prairie City. John Shellenbarger was born in 1828, in Fayette Co., Penn., son of George and Polly S., of the same State. When 16 years of age he came to Fulton county with his parents ; then went to Warren Co. and lived two years ; then in Marshall Co. six years ; then in Tazewell Co. one year ; then went to Kansas, but finally located in this county last March. John has followed railroading. He was married to Miss Eliza J. Wilson in 1853, who was born in 1832 in Grayson Co., Ky. Eleven children were born to them, 3 of whom are dead. Mr. S. is farming ; has 85 acres of corn and 85 acres of rye. Democrat. Lee tp., sec. 16 ; P. O., Prairie City. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 767 Joseph Spangler was born in Franklin Co., O., March 6, 1835. the son of Joseph and Mary Spangler, natives of Ohio. Joseph came to Fulton Co. in Oct., 1849. He is a farmer, and at present is the owner of 400 acres of land in Fulton Co., 111. He buys stock, fattens it, and then sells. He was once a poor boy and worked by the month for 6 years. He is a Republican. He was married in 1863 to Hannah Odell, and they have one boy and one girl, living. W. E. Streeter was born in 1841, in St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., son of Erasmus and Phcebe Streeter, the father, born in Vermont in 1808, and the mother in New York in 1809 ; both these are liv ing, and came to Illinois in 1863, locating at Avon. In 1864 Mr. W. E. Streeter married Martha E. Edmonson, who was born in Tennessee in 1839. Their children are Lillian, May and Grace. The family have by honest industry worked their way up from noth ing in 1863 to a nice home of 160 acres, on sec. 33. Mr. S. follow ed peddling in 1864-5, and was Constable one term. P. O., Bush nell. Wm. Vanliew, sec. 2 ; was born April 1, 1830, in New Jersey, and is the son of Cornelius Vanliew, who was born in New Jersey, where he pursued the occupation of farming, and where he died about the year 1859. Our subject came to this county in 1855 and settled in Fairview tp. In 1871 he moved to Lee tp., where he re sides, a well-to-do farmer and stock-raiser. He was married Feb. 18, 1858, to Elizabeth Young, of Joshua tp. They have 4 chil dren, viz : John Y., Anna, Ida C. and Mary Ella. Joshua Wagner was born in 1836, in Northampton county, Pa., son of John and Susan Wagner, also natives of Pennsylvania. In 1850 the family emigrated to Marshall county, 111., then to Ellis ville, this county. Joshua was in Colorado 7 years, where he fol lowed gold-mining ; clerked in Prairie City two years ; and since then has been a farmer and stock-raiser: is on sec. 17, Leetp. Mr. W. crossed the plains in 1859 with an ox team and has traveled a great deal and suffered many hardships. P. O., Prairie City. A. A. Wheeler was born in Crawford county, Pa., in 1842, son of Oliver C. and Margaret M. Wheeler, the former a native of North ampton, Mass., and the latter of Crawford county, Pa. At the age of 13 the subject of this sketch came to Fulton county and has lived here ever since; in 1863 he married Sarah J. Louck, who was born in this county in 1844; they have had 5 children, 4 of whom are living. Mr. W. has been Township Collector and Clerk ; was again appointed Clerk last spring (1879). He is a Baptist and a Demo crat. Has 80 acres of land on sec. 16. P. O., Prairie City. 768 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a full and complete list of the Supervisors Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving in this township since its organization : SUPERVISORS. Joel Peirsol 1850-51 Montgomery Sweeney 1852-53 A. W.Russell 1854 J. H.Taylor 1855 Joel Peirsol 1857 J. H.Taylor 1858 A. K. Sweeney 1859-62 John Cline 1863-64 Wesley Osborne 1865 John Cline 1866 F. M. Williams 1867 Noah H. Everly 1869 Oliver Chatterton 1870-71 Noah H. Everly 1872 J. H. Taylor 1873 J. W. Frederick 1874-75 Samuel Taylor 1876 Solomon Neff 1877 Samuel Taylor 1878 Wesley Osborne 1879 TOWN CLERKS. H. Rigdon 1859-69 Samuel Taylor 1870-71 H. Rigdon 1872 W. A.Guernsey 1873-76 A. A. Wheeler 1877 Willard A. Guernsey 1878 R. I. Baughman 1879 ASSESSORS. Joel Peirsol 1859-60 N. W.Dunbar 1861 Joel Peirsol 1866 Newton Hey r 1867-69 W. F. Fairman 1870 Newton Hey 1871 H. R. Fairman 1872-73 Joel Peirsol 1874-75 W. H. Bell 1876 Weslev Osborne 1877 W.H.Bell 1878 M. K. Sweeney 1879 COLLECTORS. John Cline 1859-61 Newton Hey 1863 Peter P. Rigdon 1864 F. M.Williams 1865-66 JohnG. Kreider 1867 Joel E. Peirsol 1869 W.J. Beer 1870-71 David Louk 1872-73 A. A. Wheeler 1874 Wm. M. Bernhard 1875-76 Ira Molt 1877 I. N. Williams 1878 L. Olin 1879 LEWISTOWN TOWNSHIP. This township is bounded upon the north by Putman township, upon the east by Liverpool, the south by Waterford, and upon the west by Bernadotte. Formerly most of its surface was covered with timber, but much of this has been cleared away and the land is in a high state of cultivation. There are in the township 13,471 acres of improved land, with an average value of $24 per acre. Of un improved laud there are 8,796 acres, with an average value of $9.40 per acre. There are in the township 851 horses, with an average value of $72 per head. Of cattle there are 1,857, having a total value of $22,138. Indeed, as an agricultural township, Lewistown ranks among the first in this fine agricultural county. Many were the dark forebodings that crept into the minds of even the sturdy pioneers as they contemplated their situation in this vast wilderness, especially so when they thought of the coming of win ter. They could live very comfortably in their rude cabins during the warm seasons, but when the heavy snows and chilling winds swept down upon them with all the fury of an artic winter, their situation was anything but pleasant. Then their food was limited. If they were so fortunate as to have a fair crop of corn upon the lit tle patch they had cleared away, it was almost an impossibility to have it converted into meal. As illustrating this feeling we relate the following story about Matthew Hulick. He was greatly troubled with the " shakes," or, in other words, the fever and ague. Toward the fall of the memorable year remarkable for the abundance of rain-fall, he had an unusually severe attack of this Western scourge. He was compelled to take to his bed, where the greater part of the day was spent in energetic shaking, — indeed, such shak ing as would put to blush our modern fever and ague. One day when in the midst of his contortions an old friend and neighbor dropped in and solemnly remarked, by way of consolation, " Never mind, Mat ; if worst comes to worst and you die now you won't starve to death next winter." Cleanthes Arnett, of Liverpool town ship, stopped for dinner one day when 15 miles from home, and found the people had nothing to eat but squash and potatoes. They pointed to a sack of corn in the corner of the house which had been carried on foot a total of 40 miles to be ground, all in vain. A Snake Story. — While hunting one day, Sam'l Wayne came sud denly upon a large collection of snakes of different species, inter twined thoroughly together, struggling and squirming in a knotty 770 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. embrace. With his rifle he shot into the disgusting mass, soon after which the living ones cleared away and 16 were found perforated with the leaden messenger. An interesting anecdote was related by Mr. Lewis Ross — an early pioneer boy of Fulton — at the Old Settlers' Reunion in 1879, which attracted a great deal of attention, and which in the end proved to be very laughable. It seems that Mr. Ross in company with some other pioneers, including Mr. Putman, were going to mill in a flat- boat on Spoon river in an early day (date not given), and on the way they encountered a stump, or " snag" in the river, which caused the boat to spring a leak ; the greatest possible haste was necessary to save the grain before the boat should sink. Now, all these sturdy pioneers, except Putman, could swim. Mr. Ross related, therefore, that they put Mr. Putman on the " snag," and the rest of them swam to the shore, and in the meantime the boat sank. Now, according to Mr. Ross' story, about 50 years have elapsed, and for aught we know Mr. Putman is still on that "snag" in the middle of Spoon river. Later. — We have recently heard from Mr. Putman, and he says that if he lives until the next Old Settlers' Reunion, he will tell the people how he got off that " snag." The history of the city is only that of the township, and as we give that below we will not consume space by repeating it here. LEWISTOWN. This beautiful little city is the oldest town in the county, and one of the first that was laid off in the Military Tract, — the first, per haps, with the exception of one. It was laid off in April, 1822, by Ossian M. Ross, and derives its name from the Hon. Lewis W. Ross, his son, and who at that time was a small boy. Ossian M. Ross was a native of the State of New York, and followed agricult ural pursuits in the Empire State. He married Miss Mary Winans July 7, 1811, in Waterloo, N. Y. She was born April 4, 1793, in Morris county, N. J., and died only a few years ago. She was a noble woman and possessed a fund of information of the early history of this county, most of which, however, was buried with the good old lady. We give her portrait in this work as a repre sentative pioneer woman. We know our readers will be glad to see it ; and we would give also that of Mr. Ross, but he never had a picture taken. After the war of 1812, in which Mr. Ross partici pated, be came into possession of three-fourths of a section of land in the Military Tract. A portion of this land is now occupied by the city of Lewistown. He came here with his family in 1821 and erected a cabin upon the site now occupied by Major Newton Walker's residence. When it is remembered that at that time Chicago was situated so far in the wilderness that the news of the massacre, whicli occurred at Ft. Dearborn only a few years before, did not reach the inhabitants of the State for many days after its occurrence, and that St. Louis was only the resort of trappers and (DECEASED) ¦ WIFE tf O.M.ROSS HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 773 hunters, some idea may be had of the daring, energetic and resolute character of this man. Mr. Stephen Dewey surveyed the town. He was then a young, . unmarried man, but he soon accepted the advice of Mr. Ross and was married. Not long after this event of his life he located at Lewistown and erected the first house in the old town. Fulton county being organized in 1823, a commission consisting of H. R. Colter, Stephen Chase and John Totten was appointed by the Leg islature to select a location for the county-seat. Upon the 14th of February of that year these gentlemen decided in favor of Lewis- town, since which time the public buildings have remained here, although desperate efforts have been made to remove them to other parts of the county. The very earliest history of the city is so closely identified with that of the county as recorded in the third chapter of this work, we refrain from repeating much of what prop erly is important historical matter relative to this city, It will naturally be expected that in our historical sketch of Lew istown we will give more than a passing notice of those early and prominent citizens whose fortunes were cast with the early history of the place. For a period of eight years, from 1821 to 1829, Ossian M. Ross took a conspicuous part in promoting the enter prises of the infant village, so far separated from civilization. He was a man of great force of character, and the utmost confidence was reposed in him by the few inhabitants of the place. He moved to Havana, Mason county, in 1829, became its first merchant, and there passed the remainder of his days. Stephen Dewey, the sur veyor and first settler of the town, is described as a social and intel ligent gentleman, and occupied various offices of trust and responsi bility. He erected several of the first buildings of the town. David W. Barnes located here when he first came to the county, which was in 1822, but he soon removed to his farm near Canton. Hugh B. Colter, the first Circuit and County Clerk, and the first Probate Judge, was an Irishman, well educated, indeed a fine scholar and a man of great genius. He taught the first school ever held in the county in this town. Mr. Colter had the misfortune to lose one of his lower limbs, and as a substitute wore a wooden leg. He generally wore a boot upon this artificial limb. He married Miss Maria Ross, a sister of O. M. Ross, who died very soon after her marriage. Mr. Colter went to the lead mines at Galena about 1826, and for many years served as Recorder of White Co., Wis. He died at Lancaster, Wis., in 1876. Thomas Lee Ross was another pioneer here. He was the young est brother of O. M. Ross, and the first County Treasurer. He too went to Galena and lives at present near that place in Wisconsin. Stephen Phelps, of New York, came from the Sangamo coun try, as Sangamon county was then known, and settled at Lewistown. He is described by Col. Ross as a man of unusual business tact and ability. He rented a portion of a building which stood in the 774 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. southern part of the town, and opened a small stock of goods which he had purchased at St. Louis. The Indians were then numerous, .and in trading with them he secured considerable means. He soon was able to erect a store-building of his own, which he did just north of the brick business building owned and occupied by Henry Phelps. Here he engaged in an extensive business. The style of the firm name was Stephen Phelps & Son. He died about 1840, after a life of uuusual activity. After his demise the firm was changed to Myron Phelps & Son. Myron was an older son of Ste phen, and about 1841 admitted to partnership his son, Henry Phelps, the present head of the firm. Mr. Myron Phelps died some two years ago. His religious convictions were strong, and toward the Church and business enterprises he was unusually liberal. During his life he laid by a certain portion of his income toward the inter ests of religion. William Proctor was also a noted character- in early times. He settled here as early as 1825 or 1826. He started the first tannery in the county during the first years of his settlement here. It was his custom to trade leather for green hides with the pioneers in this and adjoining counties. For the collection of hides he was com pelled to travel from Sangamon Co. to what is now Bloomington; thence to Fort Clark (now Peoria), Flint Hills (now Burlington), Lewistown, Havana and home. The first time he visited Canton was while making one of these trips, in the year 1824, from Fort Clark. Night coming on, and the prairie having been recently burned over, thus obliterating the track, he had to let his horses take their own course. They brought up at the cabin of Major Barnes, north of the present site of Canton. Mr. Henry Andrews, who was then a member of Major Barnes' family, remembers the incident. He also started the first boot and shoe establishment. He met with abundant success in his Dew enterprise. Later in life he became a farmer and money-lender. He died Jan. 24, 1879. Dr. Newton settled in Lewistown in a very early day, but re mained only a short time. His successor was Dr. E. D. Rice, who came from Massachusetts. He was a young man when he came here, and was possessed of integrity, honesty and ability. These noble qualities soon gained for him a good practice in his profession. He assisted very materially toward the building and progress of the town, and became County Judge, or Judge of Probate and County Recorder. He died in 1878. In 1847 Gen. L. F. Ross, now of Avon, and of whom we speak in connection with the history of Union township, was elected Pro bate Judge, succeeding Stephen H. Pitkins, also a prominent early resident of the place. Mr. Ross became pre-eminently identified with the business interests of Lewistown. He distinguished him self as a soldier in the war of the Rebellion and in the Mexican war. Truman Phelps was the proprietor of the first hotel in the place. It was a two-story frame building with a porch, and stood upon the site now occupied by the residence of T, F. Stafford. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 775 Another gentleman of prominence was H. B. Evans, who was a native of Virginia. He came to Lewistown in 1828 or 1829. For several years he was County Clerk, and, in connection with .Nathan Beadles, entered actively into business. About 1856 he erected the large brick store building now occupied by Edwin Harris. Nathan Beadles came to the county in 1829, and in 1833 came to Lewis- town and engaged at his trade, which was that of a tailor, and was probably the first tailor in the town. In time he became an exten sive dealer in live stock, and then began merchandising. He ac cumulated wealth quite rapidly, and has done much to beautify the city and to advance its interests. In 1876 he, with others, erected Beadles' Block, in which is one of the finest public halls to be found in any of the smaller cities of the State. In 1834 came Martin Eichelberger, who is now a prominent mer chant of Lewistown. He was born in Pennsylvania, and came to Lewistown without other capital than character, integrity and hon esty. Shortly after his arrival he opened a small shop for the manu facture of saddles, harness, etc. He transacted a fair business for a number of years and began merchandising with John Proctor about 1850. For a number of years he officiated as Postmaster and Mayor. Major Newton Walker came in 1835. About his first business after his arrival was to superintend the construction of the present court-house. He was a young man of great energy and took con siderable interest in his work, and at its completion the new court house was among the best, if not the very best public building in the State. The plans and specifications were all drawn by Major Walker. During the time of its- erection he built a large sleigh within -the building, and upon'completion the sleigh was found to be too large to be taken out of any opening in the structure. At this, great merriment was excited and sundry measures were resorted to for its removal, but it was too big to be gotten out whole. The county officials formerly occupied a small frame structure which at present stands just in rear of the new printing house of the Lewis- town Democrat. Wm. McComb, of whom we speak at greater length below, was for a number of years Circuit Clerk. D. J. Waggoner came in 1843, and for a number of years worked in a chair factory. He was Deputy Sheriff and for many years served the county as Sheriff and was always popular. He is still living at Lewistown, and a gentleman of unusual ability, energy and enterprise - Dr. R. R. McDowell was also an early settler. Col. L. W. Ross, in honor of whom the town was named, was brought to the place when nine years of age. During the autumn of 1832 he joined Major Bogart's battalion and traveled over the country between the Mississippi and Illinois rivers, then upon the outskirts of civilization, for the protection of frontiersmen. While at Galena he saw the great Indian chief, Black Hawk, 776 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. We could mention here a long list of familiar names, but as we give them in alphabetical order on subsequent pages, we will not repeat them here. Since the original town was platted many additions have been laid out, as given below. R. C. Simms, a farmer and land speculator, laid out an addition to the town of Lewistown, which was a subdivision of the original tract. Soon afterwards James Veils made an addition ; then J. W. Saun ders made one south of the original town, which comprised 15 acres. Wm. Proctor also made an addition. Wm. Phelps made a 15-acre addition upon the eastern part of the town. The Seminary addition was next made. It comprises 20 or 25 acres. Peirsol's addition which is just east of the former, was then laid out by J. H. Peirsol. It comprises about 8 acres. There is still another small addition, which was made by Nathan Beadles, comprising 2 acres ; and in the southern part of town Wm. Proctor laid out the second addition bearing his name, and in the northern part of town is Peirsol's second addition. In 1823 a log court-house was erected in the vicinity of the place where the present one now stands. This was used till about 1830, when the old frame structure was erected, and in 1838 the present building was built at a cost of about $10,000. The first postoffice was located in the southern part of town, and Hugh R. Colter was perhaps the first postmaster. The mail, was received once a week, and the long journeys the lone horseman would make through the wild country were not always pleasant ones. The first child born in the town was Lucinda Rossj daughter of Mr. and Mrs. O. M. Ross. She was also the first child born in the county. It would perhaps be uninteresting to follow the minutiae of the growth and progress of the town from its earliest infancy, as nothing of special note occurred. Immigrants came in and erected houses, embarked in various kinds of business and increased the wealth of the town, while some would leave and seek their fortune at other points. For some years the town grew rapidly, but it has suffered its seasons of adversity as well as enjoyed those of prosperity. At present it can truly boast of being as pleasant and prosperous as any town throughout the State. We will now speak of the business, religious and educational in terests of the city, past and present. School was first taught in the log court-house. The first building especially erected for the in struction of the pioneer children was put up by the Masonic fraternity. It was constructed of hewn logs and occupied the present site of the Presbyterian church. When Mr. Ross laid out the town he donated several lots to the public for the court-house, jail and church to be erected upon. Upon this tract was built the Masonic building re ferred to. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 777 The Methodists were among the first religious denominations to be established here. They worshiped in the court-house. The first pastor now called to mind was Rev. Jacob Ellis, who built the first water-mill in the county, and also the first cotton-gin. The produc tive soil of Fulton county then raised considerable of this staple article. It is supposed that a man by the name of West was the first Methodist minister to preach here, but we cannot ascertain whether this is the fact or not. The first church for regular worship was built by Wm. Proctor and was used by the Presbyterians. The Presbyterians of Fulton county organized a Church Sept. 13, 1828. There*were eight mem bers, and meetings were held at both Canton and Lewistown. This was thef organization of the Presbyterian Church of Lewistown. The fine edifice they iiow occupy, which is located upon the Square, is very largely the result of the liberality of Myron Phelps. Rev. J. F. Magill has officiated as Pastor for about nineteen years. The congregation is one of the largest in the county. Henry Phelps is Superintendent of the large and interesting Sunday-school. The Methodist denomination have a gbocl brick church edifice situ ate at the northwest corner of the Square. The congregation is in a prosperous condition and under the pastorate of Rev. C. W. Ayling. L. B. Bays is the Superintendent of the Sunday-school. The Christian Church have a pleasant frame building situated east of the Square two blocks. It is the last church structure that has been erected in the city. Elder M. Ingels is Pastor. The Sun day-school is under the superintendency of H. C. Hasson. The Episcopal Church at present have no regular services. The congregation has a beautiful, small church edifice in the north eastern part of the city. The parish was organized Monday, July 19, 1859, under the name of St. James Church. The following named gentlemen were elected Wardens and Vestrymen : S. C. Judd, Sen. Warden ; Dr. G. D. McManus, Jun. Warden ; and James M. Davidson, Wm. H. Graham, T. A. Boyd, Henry A. Long, De Witt C. Bryant and Isaiah C. Worley, Vestrymen. The magnificent school building which stands in the northern , part of the city was erected in 1869. It is constructed of brick and is one of the largest and finest school buildings in the county. It is presided over by Prof. Leroy S. Bates. Manufacturing and Business Interests. — As early as 1824 Thomas L. Ross started a small factory for the manufactory of hats. He ran this factory until he moved to Galena. His successor was Mr. McCune, who. made a fair living at his occupation, but was of a de spondent disposition and one day took the suicide's short route to eternity. With him died the hatters' art in Lewistown. In a very early day John Wolcott began the manufacture of brick. Since then many enterprising men have embarked in this business. At present William Jones and J. C. Wilcoxen are engaged in making brick. Eastman Call was the first to open a blacksmith shop, 46 778 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. especially after the town was laid off and building up. Ossian M. Ross brought a blacksmith named Nimon with him when he came to the county, who, with a shoemaker by the name of Swetling, and a carpenter, name not now remembered, were the first artisans in the county. Mr. Call's shop was located where the house of C. Proc tor now stands. John Culver was the next to open a shop. He di-ed some years ago. Martin Eichelberger was the first to open a saddlery and harness shop, which he did in the south part of town. In 1841 or 1842 Wm. D. Kelly and Capt. Wm. Phelps erected a large flouring-mill, which was destroyed by fire in 1845. D. A.' Burgett built the second mill, which also was destroyed by fire. On the site of the old one a larger mill was erected, which has enjoyed a big and successful run. In the early history of the town a man by the name of Powers established a woolen mill which was only short-lived, as Messrs. Worley & Proctor erected an extensive mill for the purpose of man ufacturing woolen goods and this overshadowed the smaller factory. This mill was destroyed by fire. In 1865 they began again on the old site, and now have a factory that will compare favorably with any in this part of the State. Mr. Proctor several years ago began the manufacture of wagon spokes and hubs in the eastern part of the city. This business soon failed, and now the premises are con verted into a tile factory. Over forty years ago Lewistown boasted of a saw-mill. Samuel Brown was the first to conduct a business of this kind. His suc cessors were his sons. Samuel Brown and Samuel Duvall ran a mill for some time. The last one in the city was owned and occupied by John Routson, which was recently destroyed by fire.' He trans acted a large and lucrative business at this mill, selling large'quan- tities of lumber to the C, B. & Q. Railroad. Messrs. Wysock & Phelps are manufacturers of carriages, buggies and wagons. These are the principal factories in Lewistown, although there are other men who display considerable enterprise in the manufacture of fur niture, etc. Prominent among them are C. W. Beltz & Co. Bank. — A bank was established about 1856 by John W. Proctor. He disposed of his interests to M. Turner. George S. King united with Mr. Turner and in 1871 organized a National Bank. It is lo cated in Beadles' Block. Merchants. — For many years there was a row of buildings in the open space between the court-house and Presbyterian church. These were used both as dwellings and business houses, but when the Presbyterian church was erected they were removed, and now a small open square remains. We will briefly refer to the leading business men of the city. Phelps & Proctor are large dry-goods dealers, and own the building they occupy. They also deal in lum ber. Ross & Hinde began business in 1874. Eichelberger & Sons are also prominent merchants. A. L. Howe also deals in dry-goods. E. F. Stafford is a grocer and baker, Edwin Harris is engaged in HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 779 general merchandise. Wm. B. Judd deals in groceries and hard ware. A. P. Munson keeps an elegant assortment of crockery and glassware. J. M. Wallace is largely engaged in the drug trade. Hasson & Son, Tompkins & Standard also handle drugs. Hasson & Burgett deal in hardware. H. F. Ufford, a pioneer from the Em pire State, handles clothing and gents' furnishing goods. W. W. Fox conducts the jewelry trade of the place. Misses E. and C. Phelps conduct the news depot and deal in books, etc. O. H. Bliss is engaged in general merchandising. A. Willison manufactures and deals in saddles and harness, and in connection with this runs a livery. James Arundale also keeps a good livery stable. Mrs. K. Cunningham and Mrs. R. E. Griffith conduct the millinery trade. Burgett & Willcoxen are the millers. L. B. Bays controls the photographic trade of the city. George Mayer conducts a meat market, as also does Charles Ehrenhardt. Phelps & Foote deal in lumber. W. C. Slaton and R. E. Griffith are engaged in the man ufacture of wagons. Besides these there are many other business establishments, such as restaurants, boot and shoe shops, etc., etc. Hotels. — During the past summer Mr. John Gustine repaired and fitted up the brick building on Main street, one block north of the Court-house Square, and opened a hotel, which he is successfully conducting. This building was erected by Wm. Proctor. The Willison House is a hotel situated south of the Square, and is conducted in first-class style. The Standard House, on the southeast corner of the square, the largest hotel in the city, was erected by Capt. Wm. Phelps. It was first thrown open to the public about 1854, with Capt. Phelps as landlord. His successor was John Bliss, who in turn was suc ceeded by Jeremiah Roberts. Wm. Standard for a number of years conducted this hotel and gave it the name it bears now. A short time ago he disposed of the property to his son, George Standard. Papers. — There are two excellent weekly newspapers published in the city, — the Democrat, edited and published by Mr. W. T. Davidson, and the News, by Mr. George Yarnell. We refer the readers to the chapter on the Press for sketches of these journals. Professional. — Prominent among the professional gentlemen of the city are Judge S. P. Shope, Attorneys Henry L. Bryant, John A. Gray, Frank B. Gregory, Thomas A. Boyd, L. W. Ross, J. W. Bantz, W. S. Edwards, A. M. Barnett, N. C. Laws, Harry Wagoner, J. W. Dyckes, John S. Winter and H. W. Baughman. The medical profession is represented by the following gentlemen : Drs Alex. Hulh H. P. Stipp, G. W. Johnson, W. G. Peirsol, John R. McDowell, Dr. Talbott, E. T. Campbell, and W. S. Fuhr, dentists. LODGES AND ASSOCIATIONS. Masonic. — As we have before stated, the Masonic fraternity erected a building which was used as the first school-house. The lodge then organized is still in existence, aud is known as No. 104. 780 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. They own a portion of the building on the southwest corner of the Square, erected by Col. Ross in 1868, and meet in the third story. Among the members of this order here are found many men of prominence and wealth. It is one of the most powerful lodges in the State. Officers are E. T. Moore, W. M. ; Frank P. Paull, Sec'y; H, W. Baughman, S. W., and H. C. Hasson, J, R. I. 0. of 0. F. — Fulton Lodge No. 51 was organized as early as 1839. The lodge-room is over E. Harris' store. The lodge has prospered and has a large membership. The present officers are Jacob Smith, N. G. ; Frank Allison, V. G. ; C. R. Jordan, Sec'y; John Hunter, Treas. I. 0. G. T. — Fourteen years ago the temperance movement awakened considerable interest in Lewistown, and many of the more reputable citizens organized a society under the name and auspices of the Good Templars. Since its organization it has accomplished much good, and many persons addicted to the use of strong drink have signed the pledge and quit its use. The organization own the building they occupy, is out of debt, and their rooms are so attract ive that many are induced to leave evil associations and spend many of their spare hours there. In 1877 the great ribbon temperance wave struck this part of the country and Lewistown was not behind in becoming awakened upon the great question of temperance. Her people had been aroused upon this subject before, but never were they so enthusiastic and de termined to crush the hydra-headed monster as then. The Wash- ingtonian movement, which swept like a mighty tidal wave across the land, reached this county in the winter of 1840. Some eight or ten years later there was a general interest throughout the State upon the subject of prohibition. Meetings were held in Lewistown, and many of the old settlers well remember these movements. They well re member some of the early temperance workers. Among them are Mr. Pease, the " Blind Apostle of Temperance," of Knox county, and Hiram S. Thomas, of Vermont, this county. The Sons of Temper ance movement will also be remembered for the good it did. The great crusade wave, which in the winter and spring of 1874 swept over Ohip and the adjacent States was felt here, but the greatest temperance tidal wave seemed to pass over the entire country during 1877 and the early part of 1878. Everywhere temperance meetings were held. The blue, red and white ribbon were seen attached to every coat and adorning almost every lady. The grand wave was at full tide in Lewistown about this period. The intensest enthusiasm prevailed. The whole heart of the community, the cultured and re fined, the degraded and depraved, rich and poor, 6*he and all were actuated and moved by one mighty .pulsation of common interest in the great work of temperance and reform. The rather conservative city of Lewistown was moved as it never had been before. The clergymen as a unit entered heart and soul in the work, and with glowing, anxious hearts, winning words and personal influence as- , foeceassa) 0 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 783 sisted in the labor of love. Earnest work was the motto of all. Those who were moved by tender, loving sympathy in their hearts for fallen humanity, as well as those who had felt the pangs of in temperance in their own experience, worked in harmony and unity side by side. All minor differences and distinctions were lost sight of, and on every hand men of all classes met as brothers laboring in a common cause. Meetings have been kept up, and now every Thursday night a large audience gather at Beadles' Hall to witness the programme pre pared by the Ladies' Temperance Society. These meetings are highly entertaining and greatly appreciated by the entire populace. PERSONAL SKETCHES. We will close the history of this city and township by giving personal sketches of the leading citizens and old settlers : /. H Arnett, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 24 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Bath county, Ky., March 27, 1832 ; his father, Cleanthes Arnett, a farmer, was also a native of the same State, where he mar ried Margaret Dean ; they have had 12 children, of whom J. H., the subject of this sketch is the 4th ; when 4 years of age the family emigrated to Sangamon county, 111., and one year afterward came to Liverpool township, this county, where he bought land in 1836. In 1852 he married Elizabeth Yunt, daughter of Jacob Yunt, of Indiana, an early settler in this county and a soldier in the Black Hawk war. Mrs. A.'s grandfather organized the first Masonic lodge in this county. James H. Arnett began life here in moderate cir cumstances, but has been energetic and has now a good farm of 200 acres. He has had 10 children, 9 of whom are living, — William, Cleanthes, Bums, Cyrus, Ida, W., Alva, Mary, Sophia and Lizzie (deceased). During the war Mr. A. was U. S. enrolling offi cer. Methodist. Repblican. James Arundale, of the firm of Arundale & Brothers, proprietors of livery stable, was born in Fulton county, 111., in 1844, son of Abel and Sarah (Harrison) Arundale, who emigrated to America in 1838 and settled in Putman township, where he (Abel) died in 1866. His wife survived him until 1875. James opened his present place of business in 1871. Was married in. 1877 to Miss Mary Turner, a native of this county. Mr. A. is serving the second term as con stable in this city. He enlisted in 1864 in 132d I. V. I., Co. E, and served 6 months. /. W. Bantz, lawyer, Lewistown, was born in Loudon Co., Va., in 1850. His parents were John and Mary A. (Marchant) Bantz, natives of that State, where his father is still living ; his mother died in 1870. J. W. commenced the study of law in 1868 at Clear field, Pa., in the office of J. B. McEnally ; was admitted to the bar in 1872, and began practice in that city the same year ; settled in Lewistown in July 1875, where he has followed his professional 784 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. .calling to the present time ; is serving as Township Attorney and an officer in the I. O. O. F. He was married July 15, 1879, at Canton, to Miss Kate V. Craig. Joseph Barclay, deceased, was born in Va., went to Ohio in his 19th year, where he engaged in farming; married Mary Harris- had 9 children : Margaret, Catharine, Andrew J., Isaac, John, Thomas, Mary, Robert and William. Emigrated to Fulton Co., in 1828 or '29, settling in Harris tp., then in this township on 160 acres, which he purchased from Oliver Jones ; was soldier in the Black Hawk war; died Jan. 22, 1868; belonged to a temperance lodge and the Methodist Church. Mrs. B. still lives, aged 73 years. Wm. Barclay, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 30 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born on the homestead in this county in 1844, the youngest of the family; in 1870 he married Margaret Livingston, daughter of Geo. L., of Ohio, and has had 3 children, — Lorin W., James A. and Oscar L. Has been School Director. Geo. Livingston, 'farmer, married Sarah Simpson in Ohio, had 12 children, came to this tp. 32 years ago, and located upon 160 acres of land ; had 90 when he died Sept. 2, 1879. Margaret Barclay was his youngest child. Isaiah Barnes, farmer, etc., was born in Monroe Co., O., in 1845; came to Fulton Co. in 1855; enlisted in Co. D, 151st 111. Inf., and was in the army of the Cumberland; discharged in 1856; returned to Fulton Co. ; owns 50 acres in this tp ; married Naomi Wheeler, of Kansas, and they have an adopted child. P. O., Lewistown. Mary Barnes, relict of Jesse Barnes who died during the cholera epidemic of 1853, was born in Ohio in 1814, daughter of Thos. Mc- Telar; married in Ohio and came to Fulton Co. in 1852. Her children are Thomas H., Nancy J., Isaiah, John and Mary. On arriving in this county Mr. B. bought 100 acres of land of Matthias Hulick, which ground is still occupied by Mrs. Barnes. She was raised a Quaker, but has belonged to the Methodist Church ever since she was 16 years old. A. M. Barnett, lawyer, was born in Illinois Jan. 7, 1847, son of R. F. and Margaret B., natives of Virginia ; came to Lewistown in 1872, entering the law office of Judge Shope; was licensed to prac tice by the Supreme Court in 1875; is doing a fair business; May 23, 1877, he married Miss Tompkins, who was born in Lewistown in 1855; they have one child, Edward, who was born Feb. 21, 1878. Mr. B. is a member of the Masonic order. Besidence, Lewistown. Prof. Leroy S. Bates, principal of the public schools, was born in Chicopee, near Springfield, Mass. When quite young his parents brought him to Illinois, locating near Princeton, afterward in Bock Island county, but not finding educational advantages as good as they desired, they soon moved to Galesburg. While attending school Mr. Bates gave much of his attention to music, and soon he- came organist for the First Baptist Church, which position he filled for several years. He very early united with that Church. Hav- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 785 ing completed his education at Galesburg, Mr. B. became principal of the public schools of Noble, 111., after which he took charge of the Sandoval (111.) public schools. From the latter place he removed to Judsohia, Ark., where he became professor of music in Judson University. While there Gov. Elisha Baxter appointed him Super intendent of Public Instruction for White county. Finances in Arkansas being in a bad state, Prof. Bates returned to Galesburg, and became principal of the Fifth Ward school in that city. Here he married Miss Emma Crocker, who was born in Henderson Co., 111., but soon after came with her parents to Galesburg. She early became a member of the Baptist Church. They were married in Galesburg, Aug. 8, 1876. Soon afterward he took charge of the Avon public schools, where he remained three years. Of his work the Avon Sentinel gives a very flattering testimonial. Leaving Avon, he became principal of the Lewistown schools, which position he now occupies. He has never been absent from the school room a single school day, except on two occasions, — the death of his father and that of a friend. L. B. Bays, photographer, succeeded his brother, S. B. Bays, in business in 1870, who was the first operator in Lewistown. Mr. B. was born in Hardin county, Ky., 1828, and is the eldest son of John W. Bays, who settled in Champaign county, where he died in 1846; came to this county in 1847 and engaged in clerking until he opened his present gallery ; was married in 1852 to Miss Lydia Ed- mundson, a native of Tennessee, by whom he has two children, —Albert and George. Mr. B. enlisted in 1862 in the 72d I. V. I., Co. I, and served 3 years ; participated in the siege of Vicksburg, Franklin, Tenn.,. and Nashville. Nathan Beadles was born in Danville, Ky., in 1811, the son of Bice and Sarah (Adams) Beadles, natives of Virginia, where his father died in 1819. His mother, with 3 sons and 2 daughters, came to this county in 1829 and settled near Bernadotte, where she died in 1834, and all the other children have passed to their long home. The subject of this sketch came to this city in 1833 and en gaged in tailoring three years, when he began a mercantile pursuit, and engaged entensively in beef and pork-packing for 15 years. He retired from the business pursuits of life in 1 866, but subsequently engaged in real estate in this city and Chicago. He erected the block properly called Beadles' Block, in 1874-5, at a cost of $45,000, and also erected the Methodist church and parsonage. There is no man in this community who has done more for the advancement and growth of the city than Nathan Beadles. He was married in this county in 1836 to Miss L. Smith, a native of Banner county, Ky., who died in 1842. He was again united in same county to Miss Luan Leeper, who died in June, 1878. Mr. B. served as County Collector in 1842, and cast his first vote for Gen. Jackson, being a life-long Democrat. Was Vice-President and Director of N. G. R. R., and is one of the oldest living settlers of this county. 786 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, B. F. Bearce. Among the prominent farmers of this township we class Mr. B. He resides on sec. 4; P. O., Lewistown. He owns 290 acres of land. He is the son of Eli and Sarah Bearee, pioneers of the county, coming in 1825 when the red man roamed and reigned supreme, and helped to change it from a barren waste to a fruitful field. Our subject was born here April 24, 1834; was married Feb. 8, 1855, to Lydia Cornell, who was born in Ohio Deo. 1, 1836. By this union they have 12 children, 7 living: Eli, Emma, Bertha, Richard, Leonidas, James, Leonard. Those dead are Mary A., William and Priscilla. Mr. B. has been School Direc tor for 15 years. Orson Bearce, farmer, sec. 10 ; son of Eli and Sarah Bearce, the latter still living at the ripe old age of 85. Mr. B. was born in New York April 1, 1819, and came into the State in 1824 with an ox team. He enjoyed but little advantages to gain an education. He was married in 1842 to Betsy Brown. She was born in Ohio about 1822 and died Sept. 9, 1852. Was married April 3, 1853, to Jane McNeal. They have 8 children : Reuben, Eliza, Frank, Anna, John, Charles, Jacob and Nellie. We give his portrait. C. W. Belts, of the firm of C. W. Belts & Co., furniture manufac turers, was born in Livingston Co., N.- Y., in 1841, and emigrated to the West in 1857, settling in Prairie City, McDonough Co., where he engaged at his trade until he moved to this city and opened the present place of business in 1875. The firm deals exclusively in furniture, jobbing and turning, and command a large trade. He was married in Sept., 1870, to Miss Sarah E. Walter, a native of Knox Co. Harry W. is their only child. John Berry, farmer, sec. 12; was born in Indiana and brought to the Prairie State with the family about 1843; his parents were Elijah and Elizabeth Berry, also natives of Indiana; in 1861 he married Louisa Biers, born in Ohio about 1833, and they are the parents of 12 children, 11 of whom are living, — Amanda, Leonard, Laura E., Lester L., Elizabeth A., Ida M., Deborah V., John W;, Edith, Alice M., Frances E., Verna J. and an infant deeeased. Mr. B. owns 160 acres of land in good cultivation. Democrat. P. O., Lewistown. Joiyn Bliss was born in Virginia in 1812. His father, Christian Bliss, came from Germany to this country in early day and settled in Philadelphia; went thence to Lancaster, Pa., thence to Virginia. Mrs. B. moved to Kentucky when John was in his 6th year; in this commonwealth he learned the art of cabinet manufacture, and there he married Mrs. Eliza J. McTigat, daughter of John^cT., in his 22d year; in 1833 he came to Fulton county, settling in this tp. ; after following his trade some time alone he went into partner ship with Evans in mercantile business 3 years; then 6 years after that he bought what is now the Standard . House^ in conducting which he was very successful. In 1865 he put up the building adjoining the hotel, and in 1868 retired from business, buying a . HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 787 farm of 132 acres and building a handsome frame residence. Sold the hotel this year. Was Police Magistrate awhile : in all appeals from his decisions he was sustained. Is a Mason, Son of Temper ance and Presbyterian. James Bolender, farmer, etc., on sec. 25; P. O., Lewistown. Born in Clermont Co., Ohio, in 1813; brought up on a farm; mar ried in Brown Co., O., Catharine Shinkle (daughter of Christian S.), by whom he had 8 children, 5 now living, as follows : Daniel, Levi, Lydia A., Catharine E. and Mary Ann ; the deceased are, John H, Henry W. and Ely. Mr. B. came to this township in 1840, when he bought 40 acres of land ; he now owns 45. Baptist. Bepublican. Stephen Bolender, farmer, etc., sec. 25 ; P. O., Lewistown. This man was born in Clermont Co., O., Feb. 4, 1820, the 5th child of his parents ; settled in this township in an early day, purchasing a half section of land, which he has since turned into a valuable farm. He now owns, however, but 51 acres. He is a Baptist, and in poli tics is independent. April 24, 1845, he married Lydia Buffum, daughter of Hiram B. They have 5 children, — Henry, Walter, Sarah, Caroline and Lydia A. Mrs. B. died in November, 1854. April, 1855, Mr. B. married Mary E. Coleman, daughter of Jere miah C. They have had 5 children, 4 now living, — Martha, Mary Jane, Elva, Emeline, and Jeremiah, who died in 1857. Henry Bolender, Stephen's father, was a native of Pennsylvania, a farmer, who moved to Clermont Co., O., in early day, where he engaged in farming and blacksmithing, and where he married Catharine Shin kle and had a family of 12 children. George W. Bordner, farmer and stock -raiser, sec 36 ; P. O., Lewistown; was born in Licking Co., O., in 1826; came to Lewis- town tp. in 1850; married Mary Ann Bolender, and their children are Marion, Sarah and Henry. Mrs. B. died in 1860, and in 1861 Mr. B. married Catherine Bolender. In 1852 he bought 136 acres of land, but now has 400 acres, in good condition. He is a Demo crat. Jonathan Bordner, deceased, a prominent farmer of this tp., was born in Pennsylvania in 1816 ; in 1827 was moved with the family to Ohio; and in 1840 he came and settled on sec. 25, this tp. ; in January, 1842, he married Lucinda, daughter of E. H. Bearce; has always been a farmer and stock-raiser; commenced in this county poor but is now among the wealthier class; has had 13 children, 10 of whom are living and 4 married. Harvey P. was in the 103d regt., and wounded at Mission Ridge, and soon afterward died ; Alfred is married and resides in Waterford tp. ; Christiana W. is married and lives in Lewistown ; Sarah married and lives north west of Lewistown ; Amanda, married, resides in Quincy ; Frank lin, Amy T. and Homer are ou the homestead ; Mary L. is attend ing school at Quincy ; Hattie is also at Quincy, and Era H. at home. Mrs. B. owns 280 acres of land. Mr. B. was a strong Re- 788 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. publican. E. H. Bearce, father of Mrs. B., settled in Lewistown in 1826 ; next year he moved upon a farm of his own and became a prosperous farmer. He married Sarah Austin, by whom he had 8 children, 7 of whom are living. Mrs. B. is the eldest but one, and was born in Sangamon Co. Mr. Bearce died in 1856. Moses Bordner, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 26 ; P, O., Lewistown • born in Pennsylvania in 1823; his father, Peter Bordner, a farmer, was also a native of Pennsylvania and married Christiana Lash ; they had 13 children, 12 of whom grew up. The family moved to Licking Co., 0.,in an early day, where Moses .grew to manhood on a farm; in 1846 he emigrated to this tp., and bought 200 acres of land; he now owns 720 acres ; he has been School Director, Assessor, etc., and Trustee of the M. E. Church ; in 1847 he married Maria Bearce, and they have had 8 children. Mrs. B. died in 1866, and Mr. B. married Mary E., daughter of Jonathan Ewers, of Virginia. They have had 6 children. Peter Bordner, retired farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 24; P. 0., Lewistown; was born in Bucks Co., Pa., July 4, 1784, and is there fore probably the oldest citizen in this county, possibly in the State. In Pennsylvania he married Christiana Losh, daughter of Stephen Losh. In his 35th year he settled in Licking Co./ O., where he bought 250 acres of land and improved it; in 1854 he emigrated in a covered wagon to this tp., where he purchased 240 acres, which he afterwards increased to 500 acres ; he now owns 340 acres and is comparatively wealthy. Mrs. B. was born in Pennsylvania in 1792, and is still living.. Alfred, the youngest son, resides on the home stead, owning considerable property. He married Jane Hasson, daughter of James Hasson, of this county, and their children are 7, — Effie, Willie, Charles, Oscar, James, Adda and Perry. The old gentleman is a member of the Christian Church and a Democrat. E. J. Brown, carpenter, was born in Licking Co., O., in 1818, son of Samuel and Annie Jacobs, natives of Maine, who emigrated to this county in 1837 and settled in Lewistown, where he engaged at his trade, coopering. South of the city he erected a saw-mill which was run by horse-power, and later by steam. He took the cholera in St. Louis and died on the way home to Havana. The subject of this sketch returned to his native State and again to this city in 1850, where he has since been engaged at his trade. He was married in 1841 to Miss Angeline Fluke, who was born in Perry Co., Ov in 1822. Members of the Methodist Church. Francis R. Brown, farmer ; P. O., Lewistown ; is son of Johnson and Rhoda Brown, and was born July 7, 1821, and came to this State in 1844, and settled in this Co. His mother died when he was only 3 months old. He was married in this county in 1845 to Nancy Laws. Mrs. S. was born in Virginia in 1823. She has borne 5 children, — Martin W., Rhoda, George W., Martha E. and John W., deceased. John Brown, deceased, was born in Ohio, April 7, 1820 ; brought HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 789 to Illinois in 1829, to this county ; suffered many hardships of frontier life ; in 1842 he married Delilah Huffman, who was born in Ohio, Sept. 10, 1820; they had 7 children, of whom 5 are still living, — Lucy, J. W., Eliza B., Mary and Ephraim. Mr. Brown was a farmer ^ on sec. 2, owning 305 acres of land ; he died in October, 1879. He ' was a member of the M. E. Church, and highly respected by a}l who . knew him. Samuel Brown, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 33 ; P. O., Lewis- town; was born in Licking Co., O., in 1823; his father, Samuel Brown, was a native of Maine ; married Anna Jacobs, by whom he had 7 children ; afterward he married Miss McLaren, whom he mar ried in Ohio, where he subsequently moved. Samuel, the subject of this sketch, was a son by the first marriage; and when he was 13 years old (1837) the family moved to Lewistown tp. ; by his first wife he had five children, of whom Harriet and Lavina are all that are living; Mrs. B. died at Lewistown 21 years ago, and Mr, B. married Julia Yarnell, by whom he has had 6 children, — Samuel, (deceased), Ellis, Hannah N., Julia S., Katie and Charles. Mr. B. was formerly member of the Methodist Church. Republican. He ran the first saw-mill, — horse-power, afterward steam, — for 20 years, and then sold to Mr. Wilcoxen. He cultivates 170 acres, — in Lew istown and Waterford tps. W. W. Brown, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 36 ; P. O., Lewistown ; born in Licking Co., O., in 1822 ;his father, Wm. Brown, was born in Pennsylvania, and married in Ohio, Miss Isabella Wills, by whom he had 9 children, the subject of this sketch being the 3d ; at the age of 26 He married Mrs. Angeline Shaw, nee Bordner, by whom he has 4 children living, — Geo. W., James H., Sarah M. and Christiana. In 1848 Mr. B. came to Fulton Co., bought 200 acres of land, sold this in 1850 and bought 216 acres in Lewistown tp. ; he now owns 256 acres. Has been Assessor. Democrat. Good Templar. Henry L. Bryant was born in Covington, Mass., March 11, 1817, the second son of Dr. Ira and Elizabeth (Holbrook) Bryant, who emigrated at an early day to Ontario county, N. Y., where he resided 30 years and died in the 56th year of his age. The subject of this sketch was educated at Geneva, (N. Y.) College ; read law at Lex ington, Ky., one year ; took one course of lectures at Transylvania University, and came to this State in 1835, settling in Macomb. In 1837-8 he was elected State's Attorney, at that time for all the ter ritory from the mouth of the Illinois river to Peoria county, which he filled until the expiration of his term two years afterward, at which time he was not 21 years of age. In 1843 he was married in this Co. to Miss Elizabeth S. Saunders, daughter of Hira Saunders, who settled in this Co. in 1826. He was an active participant in the early settlement of the county, and a prominent man of the old Jackson school. His death occurred at Jackson Grove in 1852. Mr. B. resided at Macomb until 1848, when his health failed and he moved on his farm 2 miles north of Jackson Grove. In 1852 he 790 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY'. was elected on the Democratic ticket without opposition, County Judge, which office he filled 2 terms. In 1876 he was again elected to the same office to fill an unexpired term of one year and six months, caused by the death of Judge Peirsol. Has twice been selected from 'this district by the Democratic party a member in conventions held to select Presidential candidates. Was for five years President of the Peoria & Hannibal R. R., 30 miles of which . was built by himself and J. H. Stipps, ex-President of the Jack sonville R. R., who are entitled to the credit of the road running to this point. Of his several children 3 are living, — Thomas, Car oline and Elizabeth. His eldest son, William, and Franklin Bur gett were both drowned at Thompson's lake in the spring of 1875. The party were duck-hunting, and it is supposed the boys were hauling the boat over a floe of ice, when the ice broke, and they were precipitated in the water and lost. They were promising young men in the prime and vigor of youth. The accident caused a deep feeling of sorrow in the whole community. G. A. Buffum, farmer, sec. 3, is the son of Daniel and Hannan Buffum, and was born in this county May 5, 1833. He was reared upon a farm, and has followed that avocation thus far through life except when in the late war. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. A, 58th ' 111. Inf. ; was at the battle of Shiloh and several battles of less note. He was married, May 28, 1854, to Maria Miner, who was born in Kentucky in 1831. They have a family of 6 children born to them, 3 of whom are living: Eunice, Clara and Mary. Mr. B. went to Kansas in 1868 and returned in- 1870. He belongs to the Missionary Baptist Church. D. A. Burgett, miller, of the firm of Burgett & Wilcoxen, was born in Windsor Co., Vt., in 1817, son of John and Esther (Boyn ton) Burgett of that State ; came to this county in the fall of 1854, stopped one year at Ellisville, and settled in Bernadotte, where he engaged at his trade until 1855, when he came to this city, and with his brother in 1866 erected the mill in which he is now engaged. In May of the same year it was blown up, but it was rebuilt and has since been in successful operation. He was married in 1840 to Adaline Myron, a native of Rapdplph, Mass. He is the father of 7 children,, 6 of whom are living,— William, John, Abby, Florence A., Charles and Fannie. Franklin, with William Bryant, was drowned, as stated elsewhere. Mr. B. was a member of the Council 2 or 3 years, and President of the Town Board, taking an active interest in the town and county. Thomas Butler, farmer and coal dealer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Lewistown. This gentleman is a son of Thomas and Mary Butler, natives of Ireland, and was born March 14, 1814; in 1848 crossed the Atlan tic and came to America. He first settled in Maryland, then mov ed to Ohio, then to Kentucky, and in 1863 came to Fulton Co. He has a coal bank one mile southwest of Lewistown, where he mines a splendid article of coal. He was aaarried in Scotland Oct. z o(- mui HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 793 27 1836, to Bridget Sweeney, also a native of Ireland, and who was born in Nov., 1819. They have one child living out of a family of 4. Mr. B. is a member of the Catholic Church. L. E. Call, of the firm of Wilcoxen & Call, was born in Lewis- town, 111., in 1836, son of Eastman and Melinda (Wenthouse) Call, who were among the early pioneers of the county, and the first to open a blacksmith-shop in Lewistown, where he died in'1877. The subject of this sketch worked at printing for 19 years, and was extensively engaged in the hardware trade until Feb., 1879, when he disposed of his interest and formed the present copartnership in collecting and contracting for railroad ties. He was married in 1856 to Miss Elizabeth Brown, a native of Ohio, who was born near Zanesville in 1836. He is the father of 4 children, 3 of whom are living, — Lucinda, Henry and Carrie. The eldest daughter, Ida E., died April 4, 1877. She was a life member of the Christian Church, and organist at the time of her death. E. T. Campbell, physician and surgeon, was born in Indiana Feb. 25, 1835; on farm until 17 years of age; in 1858 commenced prac tice in Lewistown; has an extensive patronage ; in 1859, in this county, he married Matilda Shawver, who was born in Ohio in 1835 ; they are the parents of 3 children, — Charles, Anna and Susan. The Doctor has held the office of Justice of the Peace. Samuel Campbell, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Lewistown ; is a son of Samuel and Phoebe Campbell, natives of Virginia. Mr. C. was reared upon a farm and has through life followed farming. He en listed in 1862 in Co. H, 105th 111. Inf., and served 3 years; was in the siege of Vicksburg, battle of Atlanta and went with Sherman to the coast. He was married March 12, 1867, to Emma C. Hannah, who was born May 18, 1848. They are the parents of 7 children, 6 of whom are living: Era L., Bertha I., Providence, Phoebe M., Ralph W., Warren L. and Ray (deceased). Mr. C. was born July 21, 1830, and came with his parents to this State when quite young, and has made of life a success. Francisco Chapin, farmer, sec. 1 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Ohio April 27, 1822, the son of John and Elizabeth Chapin, natives of Pennsylvania; came to this State in 1838; in 1846 he married Lucinda Berry, who was born in Ohio in 1823 ; they are the parents of 6 children, only one of whom is living, viz : Francisco. Mr. C. is a Democrat and has been Constable. Owns 78 acres of land, worth $65 per acre. Thomas Clark, retired farmer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1815, son of B. Clark, a native of Ireland ; left his native State when 21 years old, and in his 25th year he came to Lee township, this county ; married Amy Hall, of Ohio ; began life poor and when this county was wild; first went to farming, then took a tannery in Lewistown, —12 years ago ; now owns also 200 acres of land ; has 5 children, —Bobert, Amanda, Elizabeth, Mary and Amy B. Is especially in terested in educational matters. Presbyterian. Republican. 794 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Thomas B. Clark, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 7 ; P. O., Lewis- town. Mr. C. was born in Ohio Dec. 15, 1831. He was brought up on a farm, and adopted that calling, in which he has been suc cessful. He had only limited advantages for an education. He was brought to the township in 1844 by his father, who still lives in the township at the ripe old age of 80. T. B. was married in this county in 1856, May 28, to Eliza Johnson, who was born in Vir ginia in 1835. They are the parents of 6 children, 5 living, — Chris topher, Carrolton, Sarah F., Ida M. and Mary L. M. L. Clifford was born in Ashtabula county, O., in 1833; his father, Amasa, was a famer ; married Lois Fox and has had 10 chil dren ; emigrated to Fulton county when Lafayette, the subject of this sketch, was a lad; here the latter has lived, and now owns 54 acres of land; in 1857 he married Isophena, daughter of Wm. B. Wells, of Baltimore, who settled in this county in 1848, but is not now living. The children of Mr. and Mrs. M. L. Clifford are Car rie and Charles. He has been School Trustee and Director. Has 110 hives of bees, and is a successful raiser of bees and producer of honey. Farmer and stock-raiser. Sec. 32. P. O., Lewistown. Republican. Methodist Episcopal : also his wife. William H. Cozine, blacksmith and machinist and a partner of Mr. L. D. Smith. Mr. C. is the son of Garrett and Susan Cozine, both natives of Kentucky. He was born in Indiana, Jan. 4, 1841 ; was reared upon a farm until he was 18 years of age, when he learned the blacksmith trade, which occupation he has continued to follow ever since; came to Lewistown in 1862; was married in this city during that year to Annie E. Hurlburt, who has borne him 3 chil dren, 2 of whom are living, — Charley and Willard. Henry is de ceased. Mrs. C. was born in Lewistown in 1844. Mr. C. is a member of the M. E. Church. A. W. Davis, deceased, was born in Lewis Co., Ky., Dec. 10, 1826 ; his father, Solomon Davis, a farmer, was a native of Kentucky, who with his family emigrated to Lewistown tp. in 1844, and resided here until his death, May 7, 1875 ; he was a member of the Christian Church and a Democrat. Dec 25, 1850, Alfred, married Miss- Jan- nette Cleary, daughter of Richard O, of Ky., who died in Iowa. Children — Wm. fi., managing the homestead farm ; Mary V., mar ried and resides in this tp. ; Annie E., Emma, Edgar, George, Oliver, John and Jasper. James Donaldson, farmer, etc., sec. 33 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Scotland July 3, 1823 ; followed manufacturing in a large dyeing and printing establishment ; received a good business edu cation ; married Catharine Cathcart, and had 5 children, only Agnes now living, who married Wm. Gibson and resides in New York. In 1848 he came to America, settling in Essex Co., New Jersey, and ' was employed in Essex Point works 16 years. Here his wife died, and he married Miss Jessie, daughter of Charles Shaw, of Scotland. They have had 6 children, 5 now living,- — Jannette B., Catharine C, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 795 Marion S., James and John, all residing in this tp. Settled in Fulton Co. 8 years ago. Have 40 acres. Presbyterians. Franklin Dunn, farmer, sec. 30 ; P. O., Lewistown ; born in In diana in 1830, eldest son now living of Wm. and Melinda Dunn ; raised at farming; emigrated to this tp. 25 years ago, and first worked as a farm hand ; now owns 60 acres of good land and is doing well. He married Mary Barkley, daughter of Joseph Barkley. Has had 3 children ; only one now living. Mr. D. is a Democrat. Samuel Duvall, farmer, sec 33 ; was born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1816. His father, John D., was also born in Pa., where he followed farming; he married, in Maryland, Margaret Beatty of that State, by whom he had 5 children, 4 now living, — George, Amanda, De borah and Samuel; moved to Ohio iri the fall of 1830, followed farming, and in 1839 moved to Lewistown. Samuel had received a good education; in 1850 he bought Mr. Brown's saw-mill at Lewis- town, and for 14years with Brown & Worley did a good business ; in 1847-8 he was a grocer ; but for a number of years has followed farming; owns 80 acres here; his first wife was Martha Mann, second Mjary Brown, and third Louisa Campbell ; had 3 children by his first wife and 6 by his third ; his second wife lived but 4 weeks after marriage. Children : David, Edward, James, Irene, Luta, etc. P.O., Lewistown. Joseph Dyckes is the son of James and Eleanor (Harriet) Dyckes. His father came from England when a boy, and his mother was a native of Maryland. Joseph was born in Baltimore Jan. 4, 1813. His father died in Pennsylvania at the age of 52 years and his mother iri Cleveland, O., in 1875. Joseph was raised in Pennsylva nia; came to Fulton Co. in 1837, settled at Bernadotte; worked at the carpenter trade until 1846, when he was elected Sheriff, and then moved to Lewistown. Served three terms as Sheriff and two as County Clerk and served in other offices. He was married in 1840 to Lucinda Andrews, who bore him 7 children, 5 living. Mr. D. has always been an active politician and a Democrat. W. Scott Edwards, attorney at law, was born in Ohio in 1851. His parents were Samuel and Sarah J. (Dodds) Edwards, natives of Ohio, who came to this State in 1854, and settled in this county, where he still resides. His mother died in 1877. The subject of this sketch began his studies at Hedding College, Knox Co., in 1870, and commenced the study of law at Quincy, and in 1876 en tered the office of Hon. Thos. A. Boyd, with whom he is still con nected in his professional calling. He was married Dec. 24, 1878, to Miss Cora I. Whitaker, a graduate of St. Mary's school in the class of 1875, and daughter of George Whitaker, of this county. Charles C. Ehrenhart, butcher and proprietor of an extensive rendering establishment in Lewistown, was born in Germany in 1850, came with parents to America in January, 1867, and first set tled at Galesburg, 111. ; at Sheridan, Iowa, he married Eliza Brook- mire, daughter of Wm. B., of Germany. Lilly is their only child. They came to Lewistown two years ago and are doing well. 796 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Martin Eichelberger, merchant, was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., Feb. 1, 1813. His parents were George and Elizabeth (Shreiner) Eichelberger. The subject of this sketch came to this county in the spring of 1837, settling in Lewistown in the fall of the same year. . He opened the first saddlery and harness shop in the city, which he followed five years, when he engaged in the mercantile business, which he has since followed. In 1839 he was appointed Postmaster and served for 13J years, being also in other ways prominently identified with the interests of the county. Aug. 29, 1839, he was married to Isabella G. Johnson, a native of Pennsyl vania, by whom be has 4 children, — Irene, Julia A., Edine and Agnes. R. M. Ewan, farmer, etc, on sec. 19, was born in Newtown, Frederick Co., Va., in 1819; his father, Israel Ewan, a wagon- maker, was a native of Virginia, who married Mary Anderson, also a native of Va. R. M. learned the same trade, and has carried on a shop for a number of years. In Virginia he married Caroline M. Lewis, aud they have had 8 children, — Lewis E., Wm. I., Ed mond V., James T., Martha C, Chas. M., Geo. H. and Mary V In the spring of 1857 he came to this tp. and bought a piece of land, wliich he has improved ; he now owns 120 acres ; has been Assessor, Methodist until recently. Democrat : was Whig. P. O., Lewis- town. John Fitzhenry, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 23, owning 260 acres of land; born in Ireland Nov. 11, 1823; came to America in 1849 ; clerked in store 4 years, but most of his life has followed farming and handled stock ; commenced in America with but $75, but is now worth at least $50,000. His first wife was Francis Smith, born in Tennessee in 1818 ; they were married July 7, 1850, and their. 6 children were John E., Anna M., Ada C., William C, Frances A. and James (dec). His second wife was Phoebe Easley, born May 23, 1836, in this State ; of their 3 children 2 are living, — Charles and Phoebe N. P. O., Lewistown. Joseph Foote, lumber merchant, of the firm of Phelps & Co., was born in New Boston, near Horse-shoe Bend, O., in 1849, and son of Jared B. Foote, a native of Mass., who emigrated to the West and died in Iowa in 1851. She subject of this sketch was married in 1876 to Eliza, daughter of Myron Phelps of this city, with whom he was associated until the formation of the existing firm in 1876. G. W. Ford, farmer, sec. 10 ; P. O., Lewistown. To Amos and Margaret Ford, natives of Virginia, and while they were residents of Pennsylvania a son was given to them upon the 14th of Dec, 1831, who is the subject of this sketch. G. W. came to this State, in 1859, and settled in this county. He was married in the Buck eye State in 1857 to Elizabeth Westman, who was born in Pennsyl vania in 1833. Ten children have been born to them, 3 of whom have been taken away by death, all in their infancy. Those living are, Ettie, Hattie, Addie O., Lillie, Arthur, Ralph and Frank D, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 797 Mr. F. had but little means to begin with, but by economy and in dustry has accumulated a good property. W. W. Fox, jeweler, was born in Huntingdon Co., N. J., in 1835 ; moved to the West in 1849 and engaged at his profession in Fair- view, Burlington, Iowa, and Fairfield, same State, from which place in 1858 he went to the Rocky Mountains, prospecting ; he returned to his Eastern home the same year, thence to Lewistown, where he commenced business in 1860. In 1862 he enlisted in 103d I. V. I., Co. H, as private, was promoted to Sergeant, Orderly and 1 st Lieut., and served 3 years ; participated in battles of Vicksburg, Mission Eidge, Atlanta and with Sherman on his march to the sea. In 1865 he married Lorena, daughter of John Deems, and they have one child, Frank. Joseph Geyer was born in Germany, Nov. 12, 1814; learned the tailor's trade; brought to America when very young; 1830 he settled in this county ; he is now a farmer on sec. 6, owning 160 acres of land; he was married in this county in 1834, to Bathsheba Bierd, who was born in Connecticut, Aug. 9, 1806 ; they have had 8 children, 2 of whom are now living, — Grace J. and Mary E. Mr. Geyer is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. John A. Gray, attorney at law ; was born in Morgan Co., O., in 1842. His parents were Joseph K. and Margaret Gray, who came to this county in 1850 and settled in Putman tp., where he engaged at his trade, blacksmithing. He subsequently moved to Marshall Co., where he still resides. The subject of this sketch enlisted in May, 1861, as Corporal in the 17th I. V. I., Co. H; was wounded' at Fort Holden, Ky., confined in the hospital some time, and trans ferred to the Uth 111. Cav., Co. M, in rank of 2d Sergeant ; was pro moted to Sergeant, 2d Lieutenant, 1st Lieutenant and Captain, serving until the close of the war. Participated in all the battles in which the regiment was engaged. In 1867 he commenced the study of law with Col. Ingersoll at Peoria, and two years afterwards was admitted to the Bar, and in 1870 began practice at Cuba, 111. He moved to Lewistown in 1872 and formed a co-partnership with Judge Shope, and they are now among the ablest practitioners in Central Illinois. Mr. G. represented this county in the Legislature in 1873-4, served on the Board of Supervisors in Putman tp. and Lewistown. He was married in '63 to Miss Blanche Berry, a native of this county. Two children are the fruits of this marriage, — Blanche and Lucien. Frank B. Gregory, attorney at law ; was born in Farmington, 111., in 1853. Is eldest son of Dr. John and Margaret (Wilson) Gregory, the former of whom was born in Otsego Co., N. Y., in 1822, and emigrated to the West in 1841, settling in Farmington, where he died in 1879. Mrs. G. was a native of Conn., and died in 1861. The subject of this sketch was educated at Ann Arbor, Mich., and be gan his studies with Judge Shope of this city in 1876. Two years afterward he was admitted to the Bar and began practice in this city. 47 798 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. He was married May 8th, 1 879, to Miss Emma H., daughter of Riley Bristol, of Farmington. Mr. G. enjoys a lucrative practice and a host of friends throughout the county. R. E. Griffith, wagon manufacturer, was born in Peru, Peoria Co., in 1852, son of Michael and Margaret McLaren, natives of Va., where his father died in 1853. Came to this county in 1854 with his mother, who died in 1865. Mr. G. was married in 1876 to Miss Calista Guernsey, daughter of Wilder and Margaret (Townsend) Guernsey, who settled in this county in 1844, where he died in 1865. Her mother is still living, in the 69th year of her age. Mrs. G. opened her present place of business in 1877, and carries a fine stock of millinery and fancy goods. Mr. G. began business in 1872, and each is conducting a fair and prosperous trade. Lloyd Ham, deceased, was a native of Baltimore, born in April, 1799; moved to Pennsylvania, where in 1822 he married Susannah Ish, daughter of Christian Ish, who was born near Harper's Ferry, Va., in 1802; went to Holmes Co., O., then to Coshocton Co., 0.; in 1837 moved to Lewistown tp., this county, and settled on 80 acres. He was a member of the M. E. Church, and died in 1864. Children : Wm. G., Levi, John, Perry, Emerson, Jonathan and Robert W. The two last mentioned were soldiers in the late war. Wm. C. Harrison was born in Kentucky May 24, 1830, son of James and Sarah H., natives of Virginia; education limited; settled in this tp. in 1850; Oct. 12, 1854, he married Eliza Waldron, who was born Sept. 18, 1836, and they had 3 children, — Temperance, Sarah E. and Eliza ; the last two have died. Mrs. H. also died, and Mr. H. in 1863 married Matilda Morgan, who was born in the Prairie State May 16, 1840. Mr. Harrison is a farmer on sec. 11, owning 120 acres of land, and is in good circumstances. Democrat. John B. Henry was born in Lewistown, 111., in 1853. His parents were Bryan and Anna (Lally) Henry, who emigrated to this State in 1850 and settled in this city. The subject of this sketch first en gaged in printing, which he followed until called to his present posi tion in the office of County Clerk in 1878. The same year he mar ried Miss Clara Walker, daughter of S. P. Walker. She was born in this county in 1857. John Hulick, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 28 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Clermont Co., O., in 1819 ; his father, Abraham, was born in New Jersey, a farmer, and one of the first settlers of Ohio, where he married Ann Gest, of Virginia, and had 9 children, 7 of whom are living. The subject of this sketch, the 3d child, emi grated to Knox Co., 111., at the age of 21, and in 1842 he came to, Fulton Co. ; in 1849 he married Miss Sarah A. Stewart, daughter of Cornelius Stewart, by whom he has had 4 children : Cornelius, who died in 1872; Mary A., who resides on the homestead ; Laura L., who married Thos. More, of this tp. ; John W., drowned in Spoon river. Mr. H. owns 90 acres of land and is out of debt. Episco pal Methodists. Democrat, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 799 Matthias Hulick, farmer, sec. 29 ; was born in New Jersey in 1810. His father, John Hulick, was also a native of New Jersey, a farmer, who married Anna, daughter of John Mount, by whom he had 8 children, 4 boys and 4 girls, Matthias being the 3d child. The lat ter learned the tailor's trade in New York city, emigrated to Ohio, where he married Ann, daughter of John Redebaugh, of Pennsyl vania, an early settler of Ohio, where Mrs. H. was born. In Ohio Mr. H. learned the cooper's trade ; in 1838 he settled on his present farm of 80 acres — original tract 40 acres ; lived in a log cabin with all the roughness and hardships characteristic of the times. Mr. H.'s father was a Captain in the Revolutionary war. Is a Demo crat, and a member of the Methodist Church, of which Church his wife is also a member. Alex. Hull, physician, Lewistown ; was born in Licking county, Ohio, Nov. 18, 1823, son of Philip and Sarah McCracken, natives of Ohio ; on a farm until 20 years of age ; education limited ; his parents moved with him to this State, arriving in this township Dec 10, 1838 ; commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Abraham Hull, of Marietta, and graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1850, and began practice at Cuba, continuing there until 1860, when he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court ; in 1864 he was re elected. He is a Democrat. His parents are both living, one mile from Lewistown; his father was born in 1795 and his mother in 1801. Philip Hull, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 21 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Virginia in 1795; his father, John Hull, also a native of that State, married Christina Essex, by whom he had 14 children, 12 of whom grew up. When Philip was a lad the family emigrated from the Monongahela river to Kentucky : when a young man he went to Ohio, where he married Sarah McCracken, daughter of Alex. McC, of Ireland, who came to Pennsylvania during the Rev olutionary war and fought for American independence, and was taken prisoner by Lord Cornwallis. In 1838 Mr. Philip Hull settled in Cass township, and 13 years ago he bought 168 acres of land in Lewistown township, whereon he resides. He was in the war of 1812, and now draws a pension. He is a member of the M. E. Church. I. M. Hummel, Vice-President of the Narrow-Gauge R. R. Co., was born Feb. 8, 1837, in Fulton county, 111. ; lived on a farm until 23 years of age ; farmed in the summer and taught school in the winter; in 1862 he entered into partnership with J. C. Willcoxen; built a store house and depot in Bryant; was the 'first agent at Bryant for C, B. & Q. R. R. Co. ; was appointed first Postmaster at Bryant ; kept a general store ; was extensively engaged in the eoal trade; in 1864 sold out and went overland to California and Idaho; in 1866 formed a partnership with A. J. Willcoxen; had a general store; in 1868 sold out and went to Kansas and Indian Ter ritory; in 1869 again went to California by rail; in 1871 moved to 800 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Lewistown; went into the lumber 'business with J. C. Willcoxen and continued with him until 1876; was one of four who built the opera house in Lewistown, known as the Beadles' Block; in 1877 went into partnership with W. R. Hasson in the hardware business ; con tinued in this over a year; again went into the lumber business and continued in this until tbe spring of 1879, when he sold out and was elected Vice President of the Fulton N. G. R. R. Co. Mr. Hummel's father, William, was a native of Ohio, and emigrated to Fulton county in 1830; his mother's maiden name was Nancy M. Willcoxen, a native of North Carolina, who also came to Fulton county in 1830. May 27, 1873, he married Viola A. Smith, who was born in Fulton county Dec. 3, 1848, and they have one child, Jessie Lee, born Oct. 2, 1876. The portraits of Mr. Hummel, his wife, and little Jessie are given in this volume. George Humphrey, farmer, etc., Lewistown, was born in Jefferson Co., O., in 1814, received a superior education, and emigrated to this county about 1833, stopping in Harris tp. and working as a farm hand. Between that and Lewistown it was a wilderness, there being but one house on the way. In Ipava, in 1841, he married Virginia A. Lewis, whose father was from Rockingham Co., Va., and they had 7 children. Mrs. H. died in January, 1876, and in 1877 Mr. H. married Alice M. Martin, of New Haven, Ct. In 1847 he moved to Lewistown, and in i848 he bought a large tract of land; in 1852 he was elected County Treasurer, and in 1854 was re-elected ; before and after this period he was Deputy County Clerk and Ee- corder and Justice of the Peace. He now owns 240 acres -of land ; is a member of the Bryant Lodge I. O. O. F. His father, John Humphrey, was born in Mercersburg, Pa., was a farmer, and for 7 years was Captain in the Revolutionary war under Washington. He died in Ohio in the 90th year of his age. His wife was Elizabeth, nee McKee, born in Ireland, and died while George was an infant. G. W. Johnson, physician and surgeon, was born in New York June 11, 1833, son of Wm. and Elizabeth Johnson; was first a molder for 12 years; then clerked in a clothing; store in New York city for 3 years ; then read medicine and graduated at a medical col lege; came to Illinois in 1859; in 1867 he married Ellen King, and they are the parents of 3 children, — Faitha, Sarah E. and Joseph. The Doctor has had great success and an extensive practice. In politics he is a Democrat. J. J. Johnson, merchant, of the firm of. Eichelberger & Son, was born in Lancaster Co., Pa., in 1837. His parents were James and Julia A. (Graham) Johnson, who came to the West in 1837 and set tled in Lewistown, where his father resided until his death in 1852. The subject of this sketch enlisted in 1861 in the 36th I. V. I., Co, A, was promoted to Sergeant, Lieutenant and Major; from which rank he was mustered out at the close of the war ; he participated in all the battles in which that regiment was engaged. At the close of the war he was employed in erecting a National Cemetery at YUi^n^m LEWISTOWN HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 803 Bichmond, Va., for which he received as a token for such service a massive gold watch and chain. Until recently he has been in the Government employ and secret service at St. Louis and Chicago. Was elected Mayor of Lewistown in the spring of 1879, and has been engaged in the present business for some years. • Was married Jan. 9, 1863, to Miss Amelia Akin, a native of Rutland Co., Vt., where she was born in 1841. The family are early settlers of the county. • John Johnson, fruit dealer, is a son of Samuel and Sarah Johnson, and was born in Bucks Co., Pa., Jan. 22, 1822. He was reared upon a farm, learned the potter's trade, which he followed at intervals until 1860, since which time he has been agent for the McCune nursery of Pleasant tp. His father is still living at the ripe old age of 80. Mr. J. was married in Penn. in 1853 to Mary Randall, a native of that State, and was born, in 1824. A family of 4 children has been given them, — Charles E., Sarah, Mary and William, deceased. George S. King, banker, was born in Maryland Oct. 28, 1809, son of John and Ellen King, natives of the same State ; when he was 4 years of age the family moved to Pennsylvania; afterward they came to Lewistown, where Mr. King followed the iron trade several years ; then for some years he was in the real-estate business in Chicago, and then in 1866 he smarted a private bank in Lewis- town, which in 1871 he changed into a national bank, and is now doing a good business. Mr. King married in Pennsylvania, in 1834, Eliza McDowell, a native of that State, born in 1812. They are the parents of 12 children, 9 of whom are living. Mr. King Was once a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Odd Fellow. Presbyterian. John S. Lee, farmer, sec. 12, was born in Lewis Co., Ky., Nov. 12, 1823; came to Illinois in 1846 ; married in 1850 Miss Emily J. Walker, who was also born in Lewis Co., Ky., in 1823; they are the parents of 3 children, one of whom is living, — William F. Mr. Lee has 290 acres of excellent land. His parents were Bar ton and Buth Lee, natives of Maryland. Democrat. P. O., Lew istown. James Legg, farmer, sec. 5; P. O., Lewistown. Mr. L. is the son of Willis and Susanna Legg, both natives of the Old Domin ion. He was born in that State Aug. 18, 1825. He was reared upon a farm, and except short intervals spent at the mason trade, he has followed farming since. He emigrated to Illinois in 1849. In Ohio he was married to Mary Miner Jan. 28, 1848. She was born in that State in 1829. To them has been giverf a family of 13 children, of whom Sarah E., Elyddi A., Lucy, William, Lima, Charles and Rachel are living. Those deceased are May, Cora, Nancy, George, Harriet and Maria. Mr. L. has held the office of School Director for 19 years. George Livingston, deceased, a native of Ohio, married Sarah Simpson, of that State, in 1848; the next year he settled in this tp, 804 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. on 50 acresof land, and died in Sept., 1879. He had 11 children of whom 10 are living. William was killed at the battle of Atlan ta; Amanda, the eldest of the children, married B. Bortly and re sides in Lewistown ; Geo. married Eliza McGeehee, and resides at the old home ; one daughter married Willis Hams and resides in Lewistown ; Isaac married Mary A. Ashby, daughter of Wm. Ash- by, and has had 7 children ; he enlisted in the 103d 111. Inf., fought at Dalton, Mission Ridge, etc. At the latter he was wounded in the leg and arm ; Jesse also enlisted in the same company, and was wounded in the arm; has since married Martha Dennis; John, an other soldier in the same company, has married Roxie Hawick; Sarah married Josiah Bots, of Liverpool tp. ; Mary married Jona than Harns ; Margaret is the wife of Wm. Barker, of Liverpool tp. ; Joseph, who married Mary Hunt, resides also in Liverpool tp. The estate. consists of 110 acres; George and Joseph own 40 each. Thomas May, deceased, was born Oct. 22, 1818, in W. Va.; at 25 he emigrated to this tp. ; married Elizabeth, daughter of Ira Scovell ; she was born in Havana ; at the time of marriage he own ed 40 acres of land ; the estate is now 165 acres; he was a member of the M. E. Church from his 16th year, and died in 1873. At one time was Road Commissioner. He had 7 children : 6 are living: Mary S., who married Hadley Geyer and resides in Lewistown; Leva, wbo married Geo. Rigdon and resides in Yates City ; Emma, who married John McDermott, and resides also in Yates City; Thomas A., who married Luella Wheeler and resides in this county; James, who resides on the farm ; and Sarah A., unmarried and at home. George Mayer, conductor of meat market, was born in Germany in 1840, emigrated to America in 1858 and settled in Alleghany Co., Pa., where he enlisted in Co. E, 74th P. V. I., and served 3 years; participated in battles of Bull Run, Gettysburg, Fredricksburg, Chancellorvllle, Sulphur Springs and Cross Keys. Was married in 1865 to Miss Maggie Strahlen, a native of Germany; began busi ness in the city in 1871 and for the past year has conducted two markets, controlling the bulk of business in this line. George, John, Matthew, Fred, and Jacob are their living children. Wm. McComb, retired merchant, was born in Mercer Co., Pa., in 1807; Robert McComb, his father, a native of Delaware, married Susan Peters, and had a family of children. William, the young est but one of these, was reared in Pennsylvania, received a liberal education at Washington College, taught school 4 years; in 1837 married Susan Peters in Va. ; had 5 children, 2 now living: Amelia, who married Rev. Stephen Phelps, and Jennie, who married Lyman Whittier. -In 1837 Mr. and Mrs. M. emigrated to Lewistown, where he clerked for Wm. Proctor; in 1843 he was Assessor; re elected in 1847 ; elected Circuit Clerk in 1848, which office he held for 4 years; from 1853 to 1860 he was a merchant, partner of Rob ert Campbell; in 1863. was enrolling officer; in 1870 took the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 805 census. Mr. M. is a Presbyterian and a Republican. His two elder brothers were in the war of 1812. 0. M. McCumber, farmer; P. O., Lewistown. The parents of our subject were Charley and Huldah McCumber, natives of Kentucky. He Was born in this State in 1840. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. A, 55th IU. Inf., and served 17 months ; was in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, etc. In 1862 he was married. His wife, Susanna Mc Cumber, was born in Indiana in 1847. To them were born a> family of 4 children, — Harry H., Charles H., Chester L. and Arthur. Mr. McC. came with his parents to the State in 1839, and belongs to the M. E. Church. Jno. R. McDowell, M. D., was born in Fulton Co., 111., in 1842, son of Reuben R. and Ruth M. (Reynolds) McDowell, natives of Pa. His-father visited the West in 1838, selecting Lewistown for a home, and returned with his family the following year ; was one of the oldest resident physicians of the city, a personal friend of Stephen A. Douglas, a zealous advocate of the war, and warm sup porter of the Republican party. He represented this county in the Legislature during the Mexican war from 1845 to '48. His death occurred in this city in 1877. The subject of this sketch began studies with his father, and entered upon two courses of lectures at Rush Medical College, Chicago, and was graduated at that institu tion in 1866, associating himself in practice with his father, and he has since followed his profession. In 1862 he was appointed hospital steward in the army, serving until the close of the war. He was married in 1866 to Miss Ellen Burgett, daughter of Hiram Burgett, of this city, a native of Vt., by whom he has 2 children, — Charles A. and George A. H B. McFall, blacksmith and plow-maker, settled in Lewistown in 1865; he was born in Pennsylvania in 1826 ; came to Peoria in 1846, where he pursued his calling, and married Mary Ann Wilty. They have five children living, — Charles W., Clarence E., Law rence B., Ira E. and Herman H. Mr. McFall is a Freemason and a Bepublican. Geo. W. McGrew, sec. 29 ; was born near Wheeling, W. Va., in 1850. His father (George) was born in Jefferson county, O., where he married Rachel Church and had 7 children, — George, Frank, Reson, James Finley, Philena, Margaret and Allie. Philena and Margaret are married. The family emigrated to Fulton county, 111., and settled on the 55 acres now owned by George, jr., who grew to manhood here, obtaining a liberal education. He married a native of Jefferson county, O. He is a farmer and stock-raiser. P. 0., Lewistown. Jesse Mead, cabinet-maker and undertaker, is a native of. England and was born Dec. 27, 1816; came to America in 1833, and first settled in New Jersey, where he remained until 1841, when he came to Fulton county, where he has since resided. He was united in marriage with Emily Bloomfield, a native of the Buckeye ^tate, who 806 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. was born in 1831. To them 6 children were born, of whom 5 are living, — Mary J., Carrie, Willie, Alice and Nellie. One infant deceased. James Morgan, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Lewistown. Mr. M. is the son of Daniel and Sarah M., and was born in Virginia March 3, 1810. He was reared upon a farm and has followed that occupation throughout life. He came to this county in 1831, and in 1850 went to California where he remained 9 months. He has been twice married, — the first time to Betsy Humble in 1833. She was born in Ohio in 1811, and died in 1843. There were born to them 6 children, 4 living, — Sarah, wife of Aaron Sawyer, of Kansas ; Mary, wife of Henry Young-; Matilda, and Wm. H. Mr. M. was mar ried to Mary Murphy in 1844. She was born in Pennsylvania in 1809. They have 4 children ; Rachel, Melinda and Lucinda, twins, and David. Mr. M. was a color-bearer in the militia in pioneer times. His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, his father in the war of 1812 and he in the Black Hawk war, and is one of the very few veterans now living who fought that old chief. A. P. Munson, dealer in crockery and glassware, Lewistown, was born in New Haven, Conn., in 1843; enlisted in 1862 as Orderly Sergeant in Co. A, 27th Conn. V. I. (New Haven Grays) ; was promoted 2d Lieut, and served 9 months ; participated in the battles of Fredricksburg, Gettysburg, and Chancellorville, where he was taken prisoner, and confined in Libby Prison at Richmond 3 months ; was exchanged and confined in Annapolis hospital, from effects of prison life, some months. At the close of the war he ac cepted a position in the Treasury Department at Washington, and four years afterward came to this county and engaged in mercantile business in this city, and in 1876 opened his present place of business, where he is conducting a prosperous trade. Was married in 1866 to Miss Harriet Gore, a native of N. H. Walter Painter, farmer, sec 17, was born in Connecticut March 16, 1815; now owns 160 acres; has followed farming through life; education fair; came to this county in 1838; in 1841 was married to Ellen Ewings, who was born in Virginia in 1814; they are the parents of 6 children, — Thomas, Mary J., Steuben, Hiram, Nathan and Margaret. Mr. Painter's father was in the Revolutionary war and taken prisoner by Cornwallis. Methodist. Republican. Wm. Parkinson, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Lancashire, Eng., March 23, 1826, son of John P., a far mer, who married Susanna Mellor and whose children were 13 in number.. Wm., the youngest, who grew to manhood in England, married Jane Gee, of Yorkshire, and landed at New York city April 4, 1855; settled in Bernadotte tp., finally in Lewistown tp. Free-thinker. Greenbacker. Close reasoner. John H. Peirsol, M. D., deceased, was born in Holmes Co., O., in 1821; son of Peter and Sarah (Hains) Peirsol, who moved to this county in 1836 and settled in Fairview, and were among the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 807 early pioneers who have with many others gone to their long home. The subject of this sketch commenced the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr. Geddes, at Fairview, where he afterward practiced for some years. In 1848 be was married at Knoxville to Miss Fraser, daughter of Wm. J. Fraser, of that city. In 1853 he was elected to the office of County Clerk, and served in that capacity 8 years. In 1869 was elected Probate Judge, and re-elected in 1873 without opposition, his labors in that office being simply marvelous. He was the father of 8 children, 6 of whom lie side by side in the cemetery at Fairview. Anna, wife of H. F. Ufford, and Maggie G. are the living children. He was an honored member of the Masonic fraternity. His death occurred Feb. 17, 1876. We give the Doc tor's portrait in this work. A. Peterson was born in New Jersey, and came to this county in 1859; married Jane Weston in' 1873; they have Flora and Katie as their children ; he was Town Clerk in Waterford tp. Mrs. P.'s father, Samuel Weston, was a native of England, where he married Mary Lathberry and had 9 children : Thomas, Eliza, Isidora, Han nah, Jane, Caroline, Sarah and William, and one deceased. This family emigrated to this tp. about 30 years ago and accumulated some property. The subject of this biography is a renter on sec 34, and his P. O. is Lewistown. Charles Phelps, only son of Hon. Wm. Phelps, of Lewistown, was .born in this tp, ; married Louisa Pickering, and has a family of children ; during the war he was enrolling officer. Having resided here all his life, Mr. Phelps has witnessed many changes in the de velopment of the place. Henry Phelps, merchant, Lewistown, son of Myron and Adaline (Bice) Phelps. Myron was born in Ontario Co., N. Y., March 17, 1803. His wife died March 24, 1831. His second marriage was with Miss Mary Proctor, of Rowley, Mass., April 4, 1855. He emigrated to the West in 1824 with his father's family, settling on a piece of land near Springfield, which he entered. A small stock of goods was opened in the neighborhood by some New York men, which was purchased by his father and carried by teams to St. Louis, thence on keel-boats to the nearest river point to Lewistown, where they were opened for sale in a small room. There were more Indians than whites in the country at that time, and this the only store in the county. He dealt largely in furs, traveling on ponies over large portions of Illinois, Iowa, and the valley of the Cedar. He was a great friend to the Indians, and many an old battle-scarred chief found a welcome to his cabin home. Of this pioneer we could not say too much. His business was characterized by strict prin ciple, and at the opening of his Christian life he decided that one- tenth of his income should be given to the Lord, and that, should he ever become worth a certain sum, he would thereafter give all he should make to the Lord. He reached that amount 20 years prior to his death, and gave it all to the cause of Christianity. The 808 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Presbyterian Church stands as a monument, in part, of his liberal ity. He died at his home in this city Ang. 15, 1878. The subject of this sketch was born. in. Lewistown in 1837; was married at Rowley, Mass., in 1861, to Miss Anna L. Proctor, a native of Essex Co., Mass., by whom he has 2 children, — Henry W. and Frederick. Mr. P. succeeded his father in business, and his is the oldest busi ness house in the county. He is President of the Town Council and School Director, and a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church ; also a zealous temperance worker. William Phelps was born in New York Nov. 1, 1809, son of Stephen and Lois Phelps; came to this State in 1820, settling in Sangamon county; to this countyin 1827. Mr. Phelps followed trading with the Indians out West for 20 years, dealing mostly with the Pottawatomies and Delawares. Indians clear to the Rocky Mountains have a favorable knowledge of "Capt. Phelps." (He was once Captain of a steamboat.) Returning to this county in 1846, he continued trading in the mercantile business for 12 years, and with such success that he finally accumulated a property of 2,000 acres of fine farm land, besides 4 lots in town with fine dwellings; but he has been benevolent. His first marriage was March 2, 1830, to Caroline Kelsey, who was born in New York in 1812, and died in 1862. Their 3 living children are: Emily, wife of Col. Dilworth; Charles S. and Julietta T. May 21, 1874, Mr. Phelps married Tillie M. Guernsey, who was born in New York Sept. 7, 1839 ; their one child is deceased. Mr. Phelps has been Justice of the Peace and Supervisor, and is a Freemason. His father was born in Vermont and his mother in New York. We give the portraits of Capt. Phelps and his wife in this work. Robert Prichard, farmer and stock-raiser, owning 315 acres of val uable land, is the son of Jordon and Artemisia Prichard, natives of Pennsylvania, and he was born in Ohio March 11, 1831; family came to Fulton county in early day, settling in Liverpool township, where his parents died of cholera in 1849; Nov. 18, 1854, he mar ried Rebecca Steel, who was born March 10, 1840, in White county, 111. They are the parents of 4 children, — George W., Alice S., Peter L. and Olive A. Alice is the wife of Frank Kost, a promi nent merchant of Astoria. Mr. Prichard is a Freemason, a Demo crat and has been Sheriff of Fulton county 8 years and Deputy Sheriff 2 years. Has also been Supervisor. John Prickett, farmer, sec. 9 ; was born in Indiana Sept. 7, 1838, son of Isaiah and Eliza P., natives of Ohio ; raised on a farm ; ed ucation fair; came to this township in 1852; attended Lewistown Seminary 4 years; commenced teaching about 1860, and has taught about 17 winter terms; has been Assessor 2 terms; makes a spe cialty of raising fine horses. Feb. 15, 1866, in this State, Mr. P. married Margaret Lenhart, who was born Feb. 15, 1866, in Ohio, and they are the parents of 5 children, — Delia E., Mary J., J. H., Wm. F. and Hattie M. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 809 William Proctor, deceased, died at Lewistown Jan. 24, 1879 ; was born in Dunstable, Mass., Oct. 13, 1795; his father Gershom Proc tor was a soldier of the Revolution and he himself enlisted in the war of 1812. He made a trip West in 1817 and came to Illinois in 1818, and in 1820 moved to Sangamon couuty. In 1824 he mar ried Mrs. Laura Warner, daughter of Judge Stephen Phelps, of Lewistown. She died in Lewistown Aug. 31, 1864. Mr. P. was a tanner by occupation. In June, 1828, he moved to Lewistown where he lived till his death. For 60 years he was a resident of Illi nois and for 50 years of Fulton county. He was a great student and was well posted on all questions of the day. He made a pro fession of his faitli in Christ in 1813 and was a'consistent member of the Congregational Church and afterwards the Presbyterian for 65 years, fie was one of the few who organized the 1st Presbyterian Church of Springfield. He was one of the 6 members of the first Presbyterian Church organized in this county, which was in Sept., 1828; he and Deacon Nathan Jones were elected Elders. Mrs. B. B. Stevenson and J. W. Proctor, both of Canton, are the children "he left. James H. Randall was born in Warren Co., Ky., Nov. 27, 1815. His parents were Wm. and Mary (Beadles) Randall. His father was from New York and mother from Virginia. They went to Ky. in an early day and were married there, and soon after moved to Missouri, and to Fulton Co. about 1850, where they died — his father at the age of 88 and his mother at the age of 71. Our subject was married to Sarah A. H%11 March 22, 1839. She was born in Licking Co., O., Sept. 25, 1823. Ten children have been born to them, of whom 2 boys and 3 girls are living; Nancy, born Dec 15, 1841; Ludage, Oct. 9, 1847; Matilda, Jan. 15, 1850; Philip, Oct. 31, 1854, and Alexander, Jan. 21, 1857. Mr. R. was raised upon a farm, and he followed farming till 1857, when he engaged in the mer cantile business, which he followed for 12 years, when he retired from that and has engaged in speculating since. He is one of the solid men of Lewistown. Oliver Rice, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 23 ; P. O., Lewistown. Mr. B. was born in this county, and is a son of A. and Martha C. Bice, natives of the old Bay State. They came to this county as early as 1831 : hence truly pioneers. Oliver was married in this county Oct. 1, 1873, to Alia M. Burgett, who was born Aug. 12, 1852. Henry and Mary are the names of their two children. Mr. R. has held many of the local offices and is a man of good business tact. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Col. Lewis W. Ross, lawyer, was born in New York Dec. 8, 1812, son of Ossian M. and Mary Ross, the former of New York and the latter of N. J. ; in 1821 they settled in Madison Co., for one year, then came to Fulton Co. L. W. attended college 3 years, studied law and was admitted to the Bar in 1837 ; was elected to the Legis lature in 1840 and 1844, and to Congress 1863-9 ; he was a Colonel 810 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. in the Mexican war. June 13, 1839, he married Frances M. Simms who was born in Virginia July 18, 1821 ; of their 12 children 6 are living, — John W., Lewis C, Frank R., Pike O, Fanny W., and Jennie. John W. is practicing law in Washington city. Col. Ross is a Freemason and Odd Fellow, and has ever been one of the most influential citizens of this county. Owns 3,000 acres of land. J. W. Routson, proprietor of saw-mill, was born in Columbiana Co., O., in 1833; came to this Co. in June, 1855, and engaged in farming. For the past five years has been extensively engaged in turning out railroad ties, in which he has a large trade. Was mar ried in 1856 to Miss Lucinda Marandille, a native of this Co. He is the father of 6 children,— Emmet E., A. W., L. F., H. N., Mary E. and J. W. His farm of 291 acres is still his home. Jacob Schoonover, farmer, sec 3, Lewistown tp. ; P. O., Bryant; was born in Pennsylvania Oct. 5, 1833. His parents, Dennis and Mary Ann (Wise) Schoonover, are both deceased. Mr. S. came to this county in 1865 and has lived here since. He was united in marriage with Mary Ann Shaw at Havana, 111., in 1865. They have a family of 6 children, — Wilson E., Ida Catharine, Sidney M., Cobert Sherman, Marcus Henry, Calvin H. and John Alvia. Ira Scovell, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 30 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Canandaigua Co., N. Y., March 4, 1797 ; in his youth the family emigrated to Ohio, near its western boundary line; learned a trade in Indiana ; in his 17th year he went to New Orleans and fought under Gen. Jackson ; then went to the State of Missis sippi; in 1816 he came to Illinois (" Ncrthwestern Territory "'then) and settled 35 miles below St. Louis in what is now Monroe Co.; Indians were plentiful, friendly at first, but afterward hostile. In 1818 he married Mary, daughter of John Crisley, of Germany. This lady came to this Territory in 1804, and is consequently the oldest settler, — possibly the oldest in the State. In 1824 Mr. S. established the first ferry at Havana, and in company with Ossian M. Ross he conducted it for several years. The second log build ing in Havana was built by Mr. Scovell in 1827. He moved to Lewistown, rented a farm of Mr. Ross for two years, and then bought 40 acres, whereon he built a cabin. He broke the first prai rie in this township and hauled the first goods for Phelps' store. At this time there were but 3 or 4 cabins in Lewistown. July 4th was celebrated with a great dinner, public speaking and a military muster. In 1830 he was Road Commissioner for the county. Mr. S. saw the first steamboat that ever ran up the Mississippi river. Many long years have gone by since then, but both Mr. and Mrs. Scovell have vivid recollections of those early scenes. Thomas Scovell was born in this couuty in 1835; in 1857 he mar ried Magdalena Littlejohn, by whom he has had 3 children, — Sarah E., Mary J. and Emma D. Mr. S. owns 288 acres of land. In 1833 he started with his father overland for California, in Capt. Meek's company, and suffered many privations, subsisting on dried ¥ fxmn : m - : z>med/ LEWISTOWN HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 813 beef alone for weeks together. Thomas left home at 17 and trav eled over the world considerably. In 1855 he was Captain of a company of 100 men, and his horse was killed under him. In his butcher shop in California he killed a chief. Jaco& Shawver was born in Pennsylvania in 1804; was brought up on a farm and followed agricultural pursuits through life, and handled much stock. He died in 1874, leaving to his family a fine farm. He was married to Hannah Bearce, a native of New York. Eleven children were born to them. Those living are Sarah, Eliza beth, Wesley, Sophia, George and Henry. Those deceased are Frank and 3 infants. Mr. S. was a member of the M. E. Church. He came to the State in 1837. Frank Sheets, farmer, sec. 20; P. O., Lewistown; was born in Cass tp., this county, in 1855; in 1877 he married Laura DeFord, daughter of Jos. DeFord, of Bernadotte tp. ; Charles E. is their only offspring. Mr. Sheets has 120 acres of land. His father, John W., was born in Virginia, who married a Miss Larch, and emigrated to this county in an early da}-. Mr. Sheets is a Democrat. Hon. Simeon P. Shope, Judge of this Judicial Circuit, was born in Ohio Dec. 3, 1835, son of S. P. and Lucinda Shope, natives of Pennsylvania; education fair; at the age of 15, commenced teach ing school; taught three winters, six months each; in 1855 com menced the study of law; admitted to the Bar in 1856, ihe same year he settled in Lewistown ; he was elected to the Legislature in 1862, and was re-elected. He was elected Circuit .Judge in 1877, and in 1879 was re-elected. Nov. 14, 1847, in this State, he mar ried Sarah M. Jones, daughter of Wesley and Eliza Jones, natives of Ohio; she was born Nov. 3, 1839; their children are Clara A., Charles E. and Claude W. The Judge started in life with but lit tle means, but now has 300 acres of fine farm land, 20 lots in Lew istown and a fine residence. James W. Simms, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 17 ; P. O., Lew istown; was born in Virginia July 31, 1815, son of Isaac and Nancy Simms, natives of Virginia ; came to Fulton county in 1836 ; Aug. 10, 1837, he married Louisa J. Simms, who was born in Madi son Co., Va., Dec. 1, 1820, and they are the parents of 11 children : Amelia, wife of Jacob Chrisman ; Mary, wife of William Walker ; Sarah; Julia, wife of William Allen; James, William, Charles, Tommy, Hattie, and two deceased, — Isaac and Thomas. Mr.S. owns 530 acres of excellent land. He has been Road Commissioner 2 terms and Supervisor 5 terms. Aaron Smith, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Ohio in 1820; was brought to Illinois when young. , In 1851 he married Almira Austin, who was born in Illinois in 1825, and they have had 8 children : Rachel, wife of James Woodward, this tp. ; Mary, wife of Wm. S.. Jones; Henry J., Betsey, Thomas and Franklin ; deceased — Isabel and James L. Mr. Smith owns 200 acres of good land and is a Republican. 814 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. L. D. Smith, of the firm of Smith & Cozine, blacksmiths and machinists, Lewistown, is the son of Jacob and Matilda Smith, and was born in Ohio Sept. 3, 1849, and was brought t'o this county the same year. At the age of 15 he began to learn, engineering. At present he is working in a machine shop, repairing machines of all kinds. He was married in this county in 1875 to Almeda Esk- ridge, who was born in this comnty in' 1851. They are the par ents of 2 children : Maggie L. and Maude F. Mr. S. is a member of the M. E. Church. Wm. M. Standard was born in Johnson Co., 111., Feb. 10, 1822, sou of Thomas and Masa (West) Standard, natives of N. C. ; the family came to Fulton Co. in 1829, settling in Joshua tp., where Mr. S. died in 1877. Wm. M. was brought up on a farm. In 1856 he was elected Sheriff and served 2 years. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. A, 103d IU. Inf., as 1st Sergt., and" promoted Lieutenant; mustered out in 1865, and returned to Lewistown, where he has since been hotel-keeper; the hotel was built by a stock company in 1850. Has been Justice of the Peace and Police Magistrate in Lewistown. April 28, 1846, in Canton tp., Mr. S. married Jane Ellis, daughter of Isaac Ellis; of their 6 children 4 are living, — George, Perry, Al mira and Frank. Hattie and Johnnie are deceased. Isaac Elllis' wife was Nancy Jennings, of Tennessee, and she is now a widow, very aged, and lives near Canton. T. F. Stafford, grocer and baker, was born in England in 1831, and was brought to America in 1841, the family settling near Utica, N. Y., where he lived until 1845, at which time he moved to Pitts burg, Pa., thence to McDonough Co., 111. ; where in 1856 he was married to Miss Mary A. Nichols, a native of England. With but little money he came to Lewistown in 1862, where he has since been engaged in his present business, and by his indomitable will and perseverance has accumulated a property and now enjoys a prosper ous trade. W. C. Staton, wagon manufacturer, born in Adams Co., Ky., in 1834. His parents were Reuben and Maria (Austin) Staton, na tives of that State, where they died. Mr. S. came to this county in 1857 and settled in this city, where he has since been successfully engaged at his trade. Was married in 1854 to Miss Eliza Bennett, a native of Ky. Have 1 child, Charles. Mr. S. was elected Alder man in the spring of 1879, and gave his service to the country in 1862, enlisting as a Corporal in 103d I. V. I., Co. A, and served about 3 years; participated in battles of Vicksburg, Mission Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, and with Sherman in his inarch to the sea. H. P. Stipp, physician and surgeon, was born in this State Sept 19, 1852, son of James H. and Maria L. Stipp, pioneers in this county ; brought up on a farm ; commenced medical studies at the age of 20 ; graduated in 1876 at a homeopathic college in St. Louis, since which time he has practiced here in Lewistown, enjoying a large patronage. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 815 James H Stipp was born in Champaign Co., O., Jan. 3, 1817. He is the son of Peter and Elizabeth (Harrison) Stipp, natives of Va. and Ky., respectively. Mr. S. was reared in Ohio, and came to Canton Feb. 10, '37, and engaged as salesman for Shinn & Vittum- then for D. W. Vittum, until Nov., '39, he engaged in the mercan tile business for himself; was burned out Feb. 22, 1840; removed to Bochester, Peoria Co., but soon returned to Canton. He then en gaged as clerk for Graham & Schneider. In 1841 began business for himself and soon after with Stipp & Maple. Then he continued alone till '52, when he took in J. H. Bass, to whom he sold in '54; was elected County Clerk in 1869 ; moved to Kansas after expira tion of term and returned to Lewistown Jan., '79. Married Sept. 16, '42 to Maria Bass, of Canton ; they have 8 children. Moses Turner, cashier of the 1st National Bank, Lewistown, was born in Illinois Jan 3, 1840, son of Nathan and Rachel Turner, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Ohio ; education fair ; entered the bank as clerk at the age of 18, which position he filled for several years, and then was promoted to the position of cashier, which place he still holds. In 1862 he married Priscilla Reisinger, who was born in Ohio in 1842; they had one child, LiUie, and she died in 1868; in 1869 he married Frances Prichard. who was born in Illinois in 1844. Nellie and Arthur are their children. Republi can. H F. Ufford, dealer in clothing and gents' furnishing goods, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1827, and emigrated to Ft. Wayne, Ind., in 1848, where he resided until his coming to this county in 1856. Two years afterward he engaged with Mr. Phelps in the dry-goods business, with whom he remained until 1871, when he ventured in the clothing trade, which he has carried on success fully to the present day. He was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Gray, a native of Indiana, in 1851, and is the happy father of eight living children, — DeWitt C, Hutoka, Judson, Bessie, Birdie, Balph, Leroy and Cash. David J. Waggoner, ex-Sheriff of Fulton county, was born in Pennsylvania August 22, 1822, son of Andrew and Lucinda W. ; was on a farm until he was 15 years old ; learned chair-making and house-paintiug ; in 1846 he settled in Lewistown, when he was elected Sheriff, and served with signal ability until 1850; at the commencement of the war he organized Co. G at his own expense, and was appointed Major of the regiment ; after the close of the war he returned to Lewistown, and served as Sheriff for six years. He married, in 1845, in Greene county, Pa., Miss Rebecca Darrak, who was born Sept. 21, 1822, and they have had 6 children, 5 of whom are living, — James D. ; Elizabeth, wife of Wm. Shafer, of Astoria; Harry M. ; Don M. and Fred. Freemason. Odd. Fellow, and Democrat. Charles Walker, farmer, etc., sec 32 ; was born in Fayette county, 0., Feb. 14, 1826; the family emigrated to this county in 1839, 816 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. where Charles grew up without the advantges of schools, and mar ried Nancy Stever. Alice S. and Sarah A. are their two children living. Mr. W. now owns 200 acres of land whereon he has earned his livelihood, made improvements, etc., by his own' hard work. His father, Henry Walker, was born in Ross county, O. ; a farmer ; married Elizabeth Short and had 4 children, — Charles, Emily, Milton and Alice. Mr. Henry Walker's second wife was Hannah, nee Eyeman, a native of Ohio. Chas. Walker's grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary war seven years. Henry Walker moved to/ Illinois in 1839, settling in Isabel township, where he bought 160 acres of land, but he died leaving 900 acres to his heirs. Newton Walker, farmer, sec. 22 ; P. O., Lewistown ; was born in Madison county, Va., in 1803; son of Merry and Elizabeth (Kirt- ley) Walker, natives of Virginia, where his father died in 1811; came to this county with his mother in 1835, traveling 60 days in a wagon and reaching this city, where he settled in the fall of 1835; four years afterward he settled on his present estate of 100 acres, which was patent land at that time and owned by Ossian M. Ross; it was on this elevated spot that Ross first built a rude hut and after ward erected a log house which was for a few years occupied by Major Walker, but has given place to his present commodious dwel ling. He was married in 1834 to Eliza A. Simms, daughter of Reu ben C. Simms, who emigrated from Virginia in 1835, settling in this city, where he died in 1847. In 1837 Mr. W. was Commissioner of Fulton county, and represented this county in the Legislature of 1838-9 ; also served as Supervisor one or two terms, and identified himself with the interests of the county. He drew the plans for and erected the court-house in 1838, and ranks among the early pioneers. He was appointed Major under the old military laws of Virginia, and is recognized by that title. He is the father of 4 children : Mollie, wife of Mr. Harris ; Henrietta, Robert and Amelia, wife of Dr. Talbot. J. M. Wallace, druggist, Lewistown, was born in Clay county, Ind., in 1846. His parents were E. G. and Isabel Wallace. The family came to the West in 1850 and settled in Knoxville, and the following year moved to Mahaska county, Iowa, where they resided three years. In 1855 they settled in Red Wing, Minn. Three years afterward they returned to Marietta in this county, and in the spring of 1874 moved to this city, where the subject of this sketch practiced dentistry for two years, when he opened his present place of business, where he has since continued in the enjoyment of a prosperous trade. In 1867 he was married to Miss J. R. Hobbs, a native of this county. They have one child, — Zuline. James Watkins, farmer and stock-raiser, see. 32 ; P. O., Lewis- town; born in Indiana in 1824; his father, James W, was born in Kentucky, where he married Christiana Swarmse, by whom he had 12 children, James, jr., being the 3d; the latter was in his 3d year when the family settled in Menard Co., 111., where he subsequently HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 817 married a daughter of Thos. Whitely, of Ky., and they have had 11 children, 4 now living. His first wife died, and in 1871 he mar ried Mrs. Nancy Butler, widow of T. J. Butler, of Kerton tp. Mr. W. served in the Mexican war and was honorably discharged at Metamoras. He moved from Menard to Mason county, taught school and followed farming until 1856, when he moved to this county and some time afterward bought the 80-acre tract on which he now lives. > Was Justice of the Peace in Mason Co., and School Director in this county. Old School Baptists. Democrat. Ferdinand Weirather, sec. 6 ; P. O., Lewistown ; born in Germany Jan. 1, 1825; has always been a farmer, working at times, however, at cabinet-making; came to Illinois in 1846, spent 9 months in Peoria in 1856, then came to this place; he married in New York city, in 1850, a lady who was born in Germany in 1830; they have 10 children, — F. W., Edward, Henson, Amelia, Charles, Mary, Ida, George, Sidney and Henry F. Baptist. Has been School Director. /. C. Willcoxen was born in Estill Co., Ky., in 1829; his parents were Elijah and Charlotte (Calloway), natives of N. C., who emi grated to this Co. in 1830 and settled in Liverpool tp., where he died in 1860. The subject of this sketch came to this city in 1869 and became identified with the 'banking interests of the city, of which he is an officer at the present time. Has for years been ex tensively engaged in cutting and furnishing railroad timbers through out the country. Perhaps no man in the community has done more for the advancement of the business interests of the city than Mr. W. He has an interest in the Beadles' block, the woolen mill, and two stores, besides working about 5,000 acres of land in various sections, being the largest land owner in the county. In 1851 he was married to Miss Clarissa Putman, a native of this Co., who died July 8, 1877, leaving 6 children, — Alice A., Lewis K., Henry C, Laura N., Mary C. and Oliver L. In Sept., 1879, he married Miss Mary Alice Hare. We present the portrait of Mr. W. in this volume. L. K. Willcoxen, son of preceding, farmer, sec 27, was born iri Liv erpool tp., this county, in 1855. This young and enterprising agri culturist and stock-raiser now has 270 acres of land in this tp. In 1877 he married Alice Baughman, daughter of Harry W. B., of this city. A. Willison, saddler and harness-maker, Lewistown, was born in Bradford Co., Pa., in 1831 ; his parents were Amon and Mary Wil lison, who settled in Ohio, where he died in 1837. His widow, with children, came to this county in 1856 and settled in this city, where she died in 1874. The subject of this sketch enlisted in the spring of 1861 as 1st. Lieutanant in Co. H, 17th I. V. L, served- one year; and in rank of Captain recruited Co. A, 103d Regt., in which he served until the close of the war ; participated in the battles of Ft. Donelson, where he received a slight wound, Vicksburg, Black 48 818 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. River and Resaca, where a rriiriie ball passed through his leg while in command of the regiment; at Mission Ridge, while in command of the advance line, a shell pierced his hat, just grazing the skull. His horse was shot under him while in this charge, yet the troops fought nobly. At Pittsburg Landing his life was again preserved by a watch, which was a target for the minie ball. He was elected Major of the regiment and commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, in which rank he followed Sherman in his march to the sea. He was married in 1853 to Miss Catherine Conley, a native of N. Y. State, who. died in Lewistown in 1867. His present wife, Mary, nee Clark, is a native of this city, by whom he has 2 children, — Nellie and Augusta. Mr. W. has been engaged in saddlery and harness business since the close of the war, and in 1875 opened a livery stable and is conducting a good business. Wesley Willison, proprietor of Willison House, Lewistown, was born in Perry Co., O., in 1833, son of Amon and Mary Willison, natives of Maryland, who emigrated to Ohio, where he died in 1837. The subject of this sketch came to this county in 1856 and settled in this city, where his mother died in 1874. He first became prominent as a hotel-keeper in the Old Centennial, and afterward ran the Central House one year. In March, 1879, he purchased the hotel which was known as the Beet House and christened it after his own name. He also keeps a general stock of groceries, and enjoys a large patronage in both branches of business. He was married in 1854 to Miss Sarah A. Long, a native of Ohio, and is the father of 3 children, — Olive A., Abraham L. H. and Charles H. John S. Winter, lawyer, was born in Mason Co., Ky., July 8, 1826, son of John and Margaret (Livingston) Winter, natives of Maryland ; was educated at Miami University, Oxford, 0., and for a time was engaged in the Journal office at Louisville, Ky., and be gan the study of law at Little Rock, Ark., in the office of Albert Pike and Senator Garland of that State. Three years later he be gan practice in Chicot Co., Ark., and in 1863 removed to Lewis- town, where he has since been successfully engaged. Was married Nov. 24, 1856, to Miss Eliza Johnson, a native of Pennsylvania and a graduate of the Jacksonville University. She died Aug. 14, 1867, leaving 4 children, — Lizzie, Louvie, Willie and Mamie. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. SUPERVISORS. N.Walker 1850 Eobert B. Stevenson 1870 Joseph Dvckes 1851 S. P. Shope 1871 Newton Walker 1852-53 John A. Gray 1872 L. W. Ross 1854 Joseph Dyckes 1873 James P. Slack 1855 John A. Gray 1874 N. Walker 1856 John H. Peirsol 1875 H.B.Evans 1857-59 Henry B. Stillman 1876 N. Walker 1860 S. P. Shope 1877 James W.Simms 1861-65 Robert Prichard 1878 Henry L. Rryant 1866 Wm. J. Dyckes 1878 Thomas A. Boyd 1867 Henry L. Bryant 1879 John H. Peirsol , 1868-69 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 819 TOWN CLERKS. Henry Young 1850 James Veits 1851 George Humphrey 1852 JohnA.Criss 1853-55 F.J. Porter 1856 John Bliss 1857 George Humphrey 1858 Wm. McComb 1859 Augustus Bice 1860 F. P. Paull 1861-63 George Whitaker 18R4-65 F. P. Paull 1866 E. A. Edgar 1867-68 Milton Cain 1869 Silas Dial 1870 Wm. J. Dyckes 1871-73 Wm. W. Fox 1874 A. M. Barnett 1875-79 ASSESSORS. F.J.Porter 1850 Hugh Lamaster 1851 Wm. P. Bissell 1852 Michael R. Campbell 1853 John Bliss 1854 W. Kirkpatrick 1855 M.B. Campbell 1856 N.Walker 1857 S. P. Walker 1858 N. Walker 1859 Jackson Carter 1860-61 Thos. W. Saunders 1862 W. W. Brown 1863-64 Moses Bordner 1865 I. C. Worley 1866 Noah Seiver 1867 John Prickett 1868 R. M. Ewan 1869 Wm. McComb 1870-71 John Bliss 1872 Jonathan Harn 1873 Wesley W. Hull 1874 W. W.Brown 1875 W. W. Hull 1876-79 COLLECTORS. HP. Kelley 1850 John Randall 1851-52 W. C. Worley 1854-55 William McComb 1856 John Bliss.. 1857-58 N. H. Turner 1859-61 S.P. Walker 1862 H. V. V. Cute 1863 N. H.Turner 1864 F. M. Williams 1865 John Wertman 1866 Wm. L. Scott 1867 Wesley Willison 1868 J. Clark Moorhead 1869 Thomas Neil 1870 John Chambers 1871 Isaac Livingston 1872 Isaac Grier 1873 John Hunter 1874 John M. Lewis 1875-76 Robert Campbell 1877 John Hunter 1878 James H. Randall 1879 LIVERPOOL TOWNSHIP. This is the largest township in Fulton Co. It contains an area of 26,258 acres, 10,794 of which are improved. The first settlers of the township, who came as early as 1826, were Chas. Deprest, Joseph Allen and his wife, who was a- daughter of Squire Willcoxen, John Farris and family, Francis Smith and family, and Seth Hilton and family. The first death to occur in the township was that of a son of Asa Smith aud a grandson of Francis Smith. About the first marriage, if not the first, took place at the residence of Elijah Willcoxen in 1831. The contracting parties were Zerilda, his daughter, and Moses Johnson. The widow of Joseph Allen mar ried Benj. F. Roebuck. She is still living in Liverpool township, upon sec. 11, and is 79 years of age. She tells quite an amusing in cident illustrating how easily the people were frightened by the re port of Indians in the neighborhood on a raid. Some of the neigh bor children came running to the house one day and said the Indians had killed their father. Her husband and other neighbors immedi ately took their guns and went in search of the red-skins, determined upon having revenge. The cause of the scare soon became known. A German family recently came into the neighborhood, and most of the members of the family had black eyes and wore their hair long, which also was black. The children had seen some of them in the corn-field gathering corn and mistook them for Indians, and hence the scare. Mrs. Roebuck in an early day made shoes for the entire neigh borhood. She would take her tools and go from one family to an other and make up their shoes. She changed around in this way until the neighborhood were all " shod." She probably made the first shoes ever manufactured in the township, and possibly the only female shoemaker ever in Fulton county. She also did much weav ing for others. She says she has made enough shoes to pay for a good quarter-section of land. Mrs. Roebuck is one of those good- hearted, lovable old ladies whom it is a pleasure to meet. The first grist-mill was built by Isaac Clarke on section 20, in 1833. The first saw-mill was erected by Leonard Lilly and Wil liam L. Barker on Buckheart creek in 1835. This mill for many years was known as Maus's Mill, but has long since gone to decay and its remains have been carried away by the floods until not a stick remains to point out the old site. When this mill was in oper ation the water in the creek was abundant enough to enable them to HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 821 run for eight months during the year, but now it does not afford water sufficient to run a mill scarcely a month, on an average, dur^ ing the entire twelve. It was owing to this diminished supply of water that the mill was abandoned. THE HORROR OF 1849. The most calamitous period in the history of Liverpool township, or indeed of the entire county, was the dreaded and fearful visita tion of the Asiatic cholera in the year 1849. Homes were entered by the dark monster of death and loved ones carried off without a word of warning. Families were broken up and divided. Fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters and children were taken with the fatal dis ease and ere a day had elapsed were a corpse. A very full account of the rage of the cholera in this tp. at this time was prepared by Robert Prichard, who was personally acquainted with the sad facts, and published in the Fulton Democrat during the year 1878. We re-publish his account of the horror : From St. Louis the disease made its way up the Illinois river by steamboats, and many a poor wayfarer was taken from some steam boat and buried in haste amid the shadows of the lonely shore — no hnman being left to tell the spot where he was buried. By accident this dread disease was introduced into Liverpool tp., six miles east of Lewistown. This is the awful story : July 3, 1849, Esq. Robert Summers, of that neighborhood, hap pened to be in the village of Liverpool on the Illinois river. A steamboat lay at the landing. Hearing that a man was dying of cholera on the boat, it is said that Esq. Summers gave way to sympathy or curiosity and went to see. him. He returned to his home, was two days afterward taken sick with what appeared to be dysentery, and died on the 10th. Job Macklin undertook to make him a nice cherry coffin, but got it eight inches too short ! He was compelled to make another, and thus the corpse was left unburied two days. This was a fatal blunder, as the sequel will show. Esq. Jordon Prichard, father of ex-Sheriff Robert Prichard, hastened at once to the bed-side of his friend and neighbor, Esq. Summers, and remained with him until his death. Esq. Prichard and Mrs. Sum mers were taken ill on the 12th. Mr. P. died on the 13th. Ahijah Arnett made a very neat coffin for him and he was buried on the 14th. Mrs. Summers died on the 16th. The neighborhood was now panic-stricken. Three of the Summers children were taken with cholera on the 13th and died the same day. Only a few brave men could be found to care for the sick or bury the dead. Mrs. Summers was buried in an hour after she died. They wrapped an old quilt about her, placed the remains in a rude box and buried her in silence and terror. Mrs. Prichard was stricken on the 15th, died at 2 o'clock p. m., and was buried that evening. Alive and well at sunrise, the red 822 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. sunset lit up her new-made grave ! Mrs. P, had spent the previous day in washing her dead husband's clothes. How sad was her burial ! Some of the neighbors dug the grave. Her son Robert and William Denny were left alone to bury her. Wrapped in a quilt, placed in a rude box, these two carried her to the grave. Those who dug it fled upon their approach. The two boys got the box ¦ partially in the grave, which was too short ; the box lodged, one end on the bottom, the other two feet higher. The boys could neither get the box down or out. So they filled up the grave. Thomas Stockton was taken ill that day, and died and was buried the next, or 16th. John W. Pittman, now .a prominent attorney at Havana, took care of him alone during his sickness. A little paling fence still marks the grave of this self-sacrificing hero on the hill near Jacob Maus's. The cholera then took Alexander Prichard, aged 17, Rebecca Prichard, aged 2 (Robert's brother and sister), and a child of Mrs. Havens, also one of the Prichard girls. These all died on the 16th except the child Rebecca, who died on the 18th. The brave men who cared for and buried these victims were Jesse Flory, Robert Priehafd (then aged 18), Wm. Denny, John W. Pittman, James Jennings and Jake Fisher. One of the saddest incidents of the whole horrible visitation was the death of Mr. and Mrs. Fritz. They lived alone in a hut amidst the dark woods. The " burial band " heard that he was dead. They went with a box in a wagon to bury him. Arriving at the house the dying woman crawled over the body of her dead husband, im ploring their aid- They put the corpse in the box, carried it away a few feet and buried it at the foot of a tree. They took the poor woman in their wagon and carried her four miles away to some of her relatives. They refused to take her in ! The boys laid her under a tree and there she died in horrible agony with no brave hand to put a cup of water to her famishing lips ! Mrs. Fritz was the last victim. The neighbors left alive had flown. The remain ing Summers children were taken to friends in Henry county. Seven of the Prichard children were left. Benjamin and Eliza beth went to Jacob Maus's and were kindly cared for by him and his noble wife until they were nearly of age. Sarab and Ellen, the youngest, went to Mason county to live with their sister Mary Jane Havens, until they were grown. Robert and James worked among the farmers until they were married. Mrs. Northup (whose husband had run off for shooting and kill ing Beamas in Liverpool), and a Mrs. Phil. Numbers, who lived on the edge of the island just below Liverpool, sent for the Prichard children at first, fresh from their pestilence-stricken home, and cared for them until they could go to their future homes. What grand, brave souls were these that braved death in taking these stricken children to their hearts and homes! No history of our county will be complete that does not pay lasting honors to these heroic men and women. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 823 As soon as the Summers children were taken away their house was burned to the ground. Bobert Prichard, with an eye to economy that was as admirable as the pluck displayed, took all the family clothing and sunk it in an adjacent stream for ten days.. He then wrung them out and had them washed and preserved. Some of this clothing is still pre served in the family as relics of that memorable visitation of the "angel of death." The doctors whose services were tendered to these stricken ones were John B. McDowell, Thaddeus Nott, and a singular character named James Ashby, a mulatto. It is claimed they all did noble work and mutually saved many lives. The contagion lasted but about one week, and was wholly confined to the sparsely settled sections Nos. 11, 14, 15, 16 and 25 in Liver pool township. But the dead numbered thirteen souls, as follows : Mr. and Mrs. Summers and three children ; Mr. and Mrs. Jordon Prichard and two children ; Mrs. Haven's child ; Thomas Stockton, and Mr. and Mrs. Fritz. Several persons were ill with cholera, but were rescued by the skill and heroic care of the brave physicians and neighbors named above. The following names are remembered among those who were ill and recovered : Wm. Dickson and wife, Charles Shaw and wife, James Prichard and Benj. Havens. We have read with interest carefully prepared accounts of the cholera visitations in many cities and towns, but we doubt if ever this country witnessed so rapid and fatal an epidemic, all things con sidered, as that which decimated the sparsely settled Prichard settle- . ment in 1849. LIVERPOOL. Liverpool is situated on the upper end of a beautiful island, a little over a mile long and a little less than a mile in width, formed by the river on one side and overflowed lauds, with lakes and ponds, on the other side. The village was founded Aug. 13, 1836, by R. E. Little, Wm. Elliott, Jos. Sharpe, Theo. Tarleton, E. D. Bice and Roger Veits. The place for a long time promised to be come eventually an important shipping point, but the difficulty of building and keeping in repair a bridge or turnpike across the low land (mile and a half wide) between it and the agricultural com munity north of it, retarded its growth. Besides, the steamboat landing there is not good most of the year. Being a small place and out of the way, it has never been reached by railroad, although grading for one was once done from Canton to this point, and thus all hops of prosperity for the place is lost. It now has about 200 inhabitants. Maple's Mill, or " Slabtown," was started as a saw-mill village about 1851-2, Thompson Maple, of Canton, establishing here (at the corners of sees. 2, 3, 10 and 11) a saw-mill to furnish oak plank 824 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. for the Canton and Liverpool . Plank Road. The mill has long since gone down and the remains all cleared away, but the village (of a dozen or fifteen houses, perhaps) survives. . Maple's Mill is the name of the postoffice here; and there is a good church edifice and a school-house also at this point. CHURCHES. The Salem Baptist Church. — This was the first regular religious organization of Liverpool tp., and was constituted a Church on the 10th of August, 1830, at the house of Jeremiah Farris on the northwest quarter of sec. 10. The visiting officiating Elders and Deacons were Elders John Logan and Stephen Strickland and Dea cons Landrian Eggers and James McCan. The lay members at its first organization were Francis P. Smith, Preston Goforth, John Goforth, John Farris, Jeremiah Farris, Samuel Cozad, Nathan Thomas, Benj. Ford, James Pennington, James Pollitt and their wives and others. The records of this Church from 1830 to 1833 were lost, but among the first Elders and probably the very first, were Elders John Goforth, John Miner, John Holcomb, Squire Willcoxen. Samuel Cozad was probably one of the first Deacons. The names mentioned may be considered the fathers of this society. At a meeting held May 24, 1834, according to the records, after opening with prayer, " on motion, the Church says that they will build a meeting-house, an(J. that tbe meeting-house shall be 26 feet wide and 30 feet long, made of logs ; the logs shall be hewed 7 inches thick and face lO inches in the middle, and that the Church hold a call-meeting on the 29th at the house of Brother Francis P. Smith, to arrange the business for building of the same." At this meeting means were taken, and the house was built on the land of John Farris, which he appropriated for that purpose, on the south east quarter of sec 32, Buckheart tp. The congregation continued to meet in this house until about the year 1856 or '57, when means were raised to build a new house. Capt. Elijah Willcoxen deeded land to the church for that purpose on the northwest quarter of sec. 8, Liverpool, tp., on which the society immediately erected a more modern church edifice. It is a frame building about 28x40 feet with a 12-foot ceiling and seating about 300. This edifice was built, principally at the expense of Elijah Willcoxen, A. J. Will coxen, Jesse B. Willcoxen, Major E. C. Willcoxen, J. C. Willcoxen, J. F. Willcoxen, Marshall N. Willcoxen, S. B. Snider, Ira Kuy kendall, Robert Goforth and others. The membership of the Church at present is small. The present Elders are Cyrus Hum phrey and Stephen Bolender. The Deacon is Nathan Turner. It would, perhaps, be interesting in these records to state that Elder John Goforth, a man well and widely known throughout this coun ty for his thorough piety and earnestness in the cause of Christian ity among the pioneers of this county, was Elder and Pastor of this Church from the time it was constituted up to 1852. He moved to jm**g*t ^ru^ LIVERPOOL TP HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 827 Iowa, where he still continued in his Christian labors. He died some years since. CHURCHES. Mount Pleasant Methodist Church. — This society worshiped in a building on section 20 : formerly called Apple Church. Liverpool Church. — This building was erected as a Presbyterian edifice, but understood to be also for the use of other denominations as well. The Presbyterians have died or moved away, and the Methodists use it mostly, A. G. Little, of Altona, is the only liv ing trustee. Maple's Mill Church is on sec. 11, and is Methodist Episcopal. New Bethel Methodist Church is on sec. 18. Union Chapel Methodist Church is on sec. 20. SCHOOLS. In Liverpool township are 8 district schools. The oldest is the Salem school, on sec. 8 ; next was Apple school-house, now Mount Pleasant; next, Liverpool, on sec. 25 ; then Maple's Mill (sec. 10); Hall's school-house (sec. 6, range 5 east) ; Prichard's school-house (sec. 15, now called No. 6) ; No. 8 (sec. 21), and finally No. 7 (sec. 20). The first school Mrs. Wm. Hummel knew of in an early day was taught in the kitchen of John Farris, by Jordan Willcoxen ; these schools were what was called " loud schools," i. e. each scholar in the school-room would, study their lesson out loud. The first "silent school" that was started, a little girl told her mother she moved her lips, but had not said a word all day, and had fooled the teacher. BIOGRAPHIES. John G. Ackerson was born Feb. 15, 1831, in Lewistown tp., son of Abram and Eleanor (Kent), the first a native of N. Y., and the latter a native of Ohio, who came to this county about 1828, set tling in Lewistown tp. John G. enlisted in the 85th I. V. L, Co. B., in Aug., 1862 ; at the end of ten months he was honorably dis charged on account of sickness; he was 4th Sergeant; was in the battle of Perryville, etc., but was never wounded. Mr. A., about 1856, married Miss Sarah, daughter of Benj. Keeler, and has had two children, only Laura B. living now. Mr. A.'s second marriage was in Cowley Co., Kan., June, 1870, to May Walworth, daughter of Noah Walworth, formerly of New York. Mr. A. is now living on sec. 32. Cleanthes Arnett was born April 2, 1805, near Sharpsburg, Bath Co., Ky., son of John Arnett, of Virginia, and grandson of Thos. Arnett, of the same State ; his mother's maiden name was Rebecca Whitecraft, a native of Tennessee, and daughter of John White- 828 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. craft, a native of Pennsylvania and of Dutch descent. Cleanthes in the fall of 1826, and in his native county, married Margaret Deane, who was born in Kentucky in January, 1809, daughter of James Deane, also a native of Kentucky. Nine years after their marriage, they settled in Sangamon Co., Ill,, and in the spring of 1837 they located on the southeast quarter of sec. 19, Liverpool tp. Mr. Arnett has always been a farmer. In 1859 he built a frame house, into which he moved. In politics he is an old-line Whig, opposed to human slavery and a zealous advocate of temperance. Has been School Director several years. Children born in Ken tucky,— John R., Sept. 7, '27; Rebecca W., Jan. 14, '29 (dec); Nancy J., May 12, '30; James H., March 27, '32; born here— Joseph M., June 5, 37; Mary M., Jan. 15, '39; Anna A,, Dec. 18, '40; Melinda E., Jan. J 2, '44; Cleanthes M., March 12, '46; Martha E., Feb. 27, '48; Emily M., Dec. 16, '49, and Thomas E., Feb. 27, '52. Joseph M. served in the Union army, Co. K., 103d Regt., three years, and was in the most noted battles and marched with Sherman to the sea ; received sunstroke while in the army ; died in Aug., 1874, leaving a widow and 5 children. His wife's maiden name was Roxana Huston. He was a Republican and a member of the M. E. Church. John A. Beckstead was born near Prescott, Ontario, Canada, Aug. 3, 1836, son of George and Dinah (Middah), natives of Canada. His grandfather was Alexander Beckstead, a native of Germany. Dinah Middah was the daughter of John Middah, also a native of Germany. John A.'s parents came to Canton in 1840, followed farming two years; they settled on sec. 6, Liverpool tp. in 1857; they both died here in 1862. Children — Mary E., Sarah Ann, Eliza J., Martha S., John A., Orelia A. and Caroline C. John A. occupies the old homestead. Feb. 15, 1863, he married Glaphy Ardena Raker, born Sept. 10, 1 843, daughter of Nelson and Martha Ann (Mullens), natives of Ky. and Mo. John A. Beckstead's children are : John N., born May 13, 1865 ; Dora Ardena, Nov. 18, 1868; James H., Nov. 6, 1870; Martha Ann, Aug. 12, 1872; Ida May, Dec. 14, 1875, and Myram, May 25, 1878. Mr. B. is a Democrat. Has been a School Director, etc. Isaac Black, deceased, was born in Berks county, Pa., went to Virginia, where he married Grace Woodford, a native of Philadel phia, Pa. Her parents were English. They moved to Ross county, O., about 1811, where the next mentioned was born. Isaac Black, farmer, son of preceding, was born Jan. 30, 1813, came into Liverpool township, this county, Oct. 7, 1842, lived sev eral years west of Cuba, and bought the farm on which he now resides (140 acres of sec. 4, Liverpool township) in 1857. He mar ried Elizabeth Ann Byers at Washington, Fayette county, O., Oct., 1839. She was born Oct. 15, 1819, in Botetourt county, Va. They have had 12 children: Henry, horn July 27, 1840; Marion, Nov. 30, 1841; William, Feb. 3, 1844; James, Nov. 27, 1845; Hannah HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 829 J., Feb. 21, 1849 ; Martha A., April 30, 1851 ; Mary Louisa, Sept. 10, 1853; Sarah E., Sept. 3, 1855; Isaac Theodore, Nov. 23, 1857; Celesta Alice, Dec. 23, 1859; Edith M. July 31, 1861, and Travis, May 2, 1863. Henry died Sept. 22, 1866, Celesta A., Aug. 5, 1876, and Travis while an infant. Eight of the children are married. Mr. Black is ready at mechanical work, having been carpenter, shoe maker, etc. In politics he is a Democrat, and in religion he is a member of the Protestant Methodist Church. Mr. Black relates many remarkable experiences of early life in Illinois, as illustrated by those given in our chapter on the early settlement of this county. In the severe winter of 1842-3, describ ed in that chapter, Mr. B. relates that money was so scarce that to obtain even 25 cents in cash a man had to lie, by claiming there was a letter in the postoffice for him and he wanted to pay the post age on it and get it. Then, by delivering a load or so of hoop- poles with that plea he would sometimes raise the two "bits." At the close of that winter he tapped 20 sugar-trees, from which he made 100 pounds of sugar and 37 gallons of fine syrup. One tree yielded over a barrel of sap in one day ! He says that in early day snakes were very abundant. Rattlesnakes were so thick in 1842 that he would not step out after dark for $10. He saw one with 29 rattles. Wm. Black was born in Buckskin township, Ross county, O., in March, 1820, son of Isaac and Grace Woodford, the first a native of Virginia and the latter of Philadelphia ; born during the Revo lutionary war. Mr. Black came to Fulton county in April, 1859, and first located at Maple's Mill; has always been a farmer, and for the last 8 years on sec. 11. Dec. 30, 1841, in Ohio, he married Miss Bachel, daughter of James Pummel ; she was born in May, 1821 ; their children are, John F., born Oct. 20, 1842 ; Allen, Feb. 19, 1845; Grace E., Sept. 25, 1851; Henry O., Oct. 12, 1854; Bachel Arabella, Feb. 26, 1858 ; Charles, July 22, 1860, and Simon D., June 5, 1863. The first 3 are married. Methodist. Democrat. Lewis E.Bordwine was born in Lewistown township, Nov., 1852; his father was Nathaniel Claxton Bordwine, who married Mary Elizabeth Simms, a native of Virginia. Lewis E. married Eudora C. Crosthwait Sept. 5, 1872, daughter of Eli C. Crosthwait. She was born April 28, 1852, and is a Methodist. Mr. B. is a professor of religion and in politics independent. Nathaniel Claxton Bordwine was born Oct. 5, 1803, in Albemarle Co., Va., son of Louis E. Bordwine, a native of Germany, who ac quired a little fortune as a merchant tailor, and died three weeks before the subject of this sketch was born. Until 13 years of age he was taken care of by his grandfather " Tuggle," in Washington Co., Va., aud afterward by his mother in Russell Co. In 1822 he married Olive Robbins, a native of the latter place and daughter of Wm. Robbins, and they emigrated to Vermilion Co., III. in 1825, and in 1827 came to Fulton Co., where they, by hard work, soon ac- 830 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. cumulated means enough to purchase a quarter of sec. 4, Lewistown tp. She died in 1834 ; and Nov. 27, 1849, he married again, this time Elizabeth Simms, of Va., daughter of Tandy and Mary (Reddis), of the same State. Children by first wife — Sally, born in Virginia; Anna, born in Vermilion Co., 111. ; and Polly, born in Fulton Co. : by second wife, — Mary F., June 14, 1850 ; Lewis E., Nov. 12, 1851 ; Amy L., Sept. 29, 1853 (dec. Oct. 17, 1876) ; Martha A., Nov. 2, 1855; Margaret J., Feb. 2, 1857; Nathaniel C, Nov. 5, 1858; Tandy Oliver, Oct. 23, 1860 (dec. Nov. 16, 1860) ; Olive M., Oct. 5, 1862; Phoebe C, Sept. 3, 1864; Reuben M., Oct. 9, 1866; and Prudence E., April 16, 1869. For the last 18 years Mr. B. has lived on sec. 18, Liverpool tp. ; has cleared 375 acres of land and improved 5 or 6 different farms ; now owns 420 acres in 3 farms, besides other property ; stock-raising is his specialty ; was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. Republican. Ezekiel Boswell was born near St. Paris, Champaign Co., O., Oct. 18, 1835, son of David and Nancy (Colbert), natives of the same place; came to Fulton Co. in 1855, 'settling in Buckheart tp., but now living in Joshua tp. ; they had six children. Ezekiel married in July, 1856, Helen Carver, daughter of P. M. Carver, and their 8 children are: Wm. E., born May 27, '58; Chas. P., April 5, '62; Emma F., Aug. 11. '65 ; John A., June 2, 1867 (dec. 1875) ; David, Dec. 2, 1869; Frank, May 11, 1872; Edgar, April 24, 1875 (dec. while an infant) ; and Ada May, April 16, 1878. Democrat. School Director. Sec. 5 ; 100 acres. Wm. R. Clark was born near Troy, Miami Co., O., July 15, 1823, son of Isaac and Sarah (Royal), the former a native of N. J. and the latter a daughter of Wm. Royal, of Monongahela Co., W. Va. Parents came to Fulton Co. about 1832, and Mr. Clark built the first grist-mill in Liverpool tp., on sec. 21. His first wife was Lydia Zelyph, of New Jersey, aud they had 10 children ; by second wife he had 6 children. W. R. worked at the carpenter's trade for about 14 years, but has been a farmer and stock-raiser for about 25 years, on sec. 21. His first wife was Elsie (Fitzgerald), of Fulton county, and they had 4 children, — Emily W., Orville W, Lydia M., Jesse B. Mrs. C. died in April, 1863, and he married Sarah E. Griggsby, of this county, daughter of Wm. and Dorcas G., and they also had .4 children, — Delta, Nellie, Carrie and Wm. M. Mrs. Clark died Jan. 21, 1873, and Mr. C. still lives on the old homestead. Dem- crat. Has been School Directorl Has now 284 acres of land, a large, two-story brick house, cleared 75 acres, and split 10,000 rails by himself. Wm. Denny was born in Northumberland Co., Pa., Oct. 8,1811, son of Philip and Nancy (Deacon), natives of Kent Co., Del.; his grandfather, Philip Denny, was a native of England. Wm. was mainly brought up in Ohio ; first came to Fulton Co. in the fall of 1842; from 1843 to 1845 he lived in Missouri; has lived on sec 2 for the last 28 years, where his. farm consists of 165 acres; he has HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 831 cleared most of it and put on the improvements. He married Mary Beets in 1835 ; she was born in Rockbridge Co., Va. ; their only offspring is Margaret Elizabeth, who married Beverly G. Milner, but is now a widow, living in Canton township. Mr. Denny is a zealous Democrat. Richard Hall was born in Bath, Greene Co., O., Feb. 10, 1821, son of John Hall, a native of Clarke Co., Va., and a grandson of Bichard Hall, a native of Virginia and of English ancestry. May 10, 1831, Richard Hall, the subject of this biography, with his par ents arrived in Fulton Co., locating on sec. 13, Lewistown tp. ; lived in Mason Co. a year or so, then returned to Fulton Co. ; mother died Dec. 2, 1836, and father in April, 1843. Their chil dren were Prior, Richard, Moses, Hannah, Daniel, Phcebe and Mercy. The first two are the only ones living. Prior married Phcebe A. Nichols and lives in Sangamon Co. Richard married Anna Imel, daughter of Peter Imel, a native of Maryland, and of Ger man ancestry. Richard Hall is a Republican, and has been School Director for 14 years or more. Barton Lee Harrison was born in Lewis Co., Ky., July 15, 1832, son of James and Sarah C. (Lee), and first came to Fulton Co. in 1855; Nov. 25, 1858, he married Mary M., daughter of Cleanthes Arnett, who died the following October, leaving one child, which died an infant. May 8, 1862, he married Charlotte T. Willcoxen, born Feb. 5, 1844, daughter of Jesse B. W., of this tp. Of Mr. H.'s 10 children 8 are living, — Mary C, born in 1863; Martha E., May 10, 1864; Robert E. L., Oct. 28, 1865; Sarah E., Feb. 24, 1867; James B., March 27, 1869; Jesse B., Sept. 12, 1870; Emma B., Feb. 5, 1872; Owen C, March 14, 1874; Augusta P., March 14, 1876; and Tyra H., May 11, 1879. Jesse B. died in infancy and Owen died aged nearly 4 years. Mr. Harrison now lives on sec. 18, where he has been since 1866 ; has always been a Democrat, and has been School Director, etc. Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. Church, South. - Francis Marion Harrison was born in Lewis Co., Ky., Aug. 9, 1828, brother of the foregoing, and came to this county in Novem ber, 1848 ; March 4, 1852, he married Elizabeth Walker, who was born in Kentucky July 14, 1833, daughter of Hugh and Nancy (Given) Walker, natives of Ky. They settled in this township in 1835, and followed farming. Mr. W. died in April, 1850, and she died 11 days afterwards. Mr. Harrison has had 6 children, 3 of whom are living, — John W., born Nov. 9, 1855 ; Adelia B., Nov. 9,1857; and Sidney E., July 27, 1865. He has been School Director, Road Commissioner, etc. Democrat. Methodist. Has lived on sec. 18 for the last 20 years. Elijah Jennings, farmer and hunter, was born in Estill county, Ky.,Nov. 27, 1817, son of Daniel and Debbie (Willcoxen) Jennings, natives of North Carolina, and of Scotch descent ; was brought up by Thos. T. Bybee, his step-father ; has been a resident of Fulton 832 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. county since 1829. He remembers that Charley Deprest, a French man, was the first settler in Liverpool township ; that the first grist mill was built by Isaac Clark in 1833, on sec. 20, in Liverpool ; and that his first school-teacher was Richard Tompkins in 1831. As a hunter Mr. Jennings has seen as many as 100 deer in one day, shot 4 deer one day without moving out of his tracks, has killed 13 in one day, and averaged 100 a year for 28 years. He was so exact as a marksman that they would not let him shoot at the matches. In '78 he found 32 swarms of bees, this year 27 swarms, and one year he found 40. Nov. 28, 1837, he married Elizabeth Farris, and they have had 10 children, 7 of whom are living. Mr. J. has been a member of the Baptist Church for 30 years, and his wife is a mem ber of the Christian Church. Ee is a " Jackson Democrat " and has never scratched a ticket ; has been School Director, and Constable, and is at present Assessor and Collector. James Kuykendall is probably the oldest man in Liverpool town ship, being now past 94 years of age. He was born August 5, 1785, near Pittsburg, Pa. For one of his age he is unusually ac tive. One day last summer he walked 18 miles. He first came to this county in 1831, prospecting, and in 1837 he permanently located on a farm in Putman township, lj miles north of Cuba, where he lived for nearly 20 years. Nov. 14, 1811, he married Elizabeth Aton, daughter of Aaron Aton ; four years afterward they moved to Richland county, O., now Ashland county, and entered 160 acres of land. Indians were troublesome, and one day he ordered some of them off' his premises, which made them angry and they threatened his life ; but they were put to death by their own tribe for so molesting the white man. Mr. K.'s children were Ira ; Ma tilda, born in August, 1814; Lucinda, June 7, 1816; Abigail, Feb. 21, 1818; Sarah, June 7, 1820; Henry, in 1822; Susan, in 1824; Anna, in 1826 ; Jane, who died at the age of 4 years. Mr. K. taught school in his youth, and at the age of 18 he was elected Cap tain of Militia in Pennsylvania, in which capacity he served for 7 years. Mr. K. has been a pioneer in three States, which are now far in the interior of civilization. Has given each of his children a farm. Democrat. Jacob Maus was born Sept. 21, 1814, near Taneytown, Frederick (now Carroll) Co., Md., son of Jacob, sr., a native of Adams Co., Pa., and grandson of George Maus, of Holland, who settled in Pennsylvania before or about the time of the Revolution. Jacob Maus, sr., served in the war of 1812. His wife was Sarah, nee Hahn. The subject of this paragraph was brought up a miller, both in saw-mill and flouring-mill, in Maryland; came to sec. 13, this tp., May 6, 1840, and paid $2,500 for a pre-emption claim on 320 acres of land ; four years afterward he discovered that the claim was worthless, and he then bid in the land from the Government, at $1.25 per acre ; there was a saw-mill on this land, which he ran for 15 years, adding to it a grist-mill during the time ; he now has 480 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 833 acres of land; in 1861 he built a two-story brick dwelling, with basement, 26x40 feet; just previously he had built a frame barn 40x80 feet, to which 35 feet has since been added. Mr. Maus found but 20 acres cleared when he first came here, but by industry he has increased the plowed land to 350 acres. This gentleman is a Demo crat and has been Supervisor 10 or 12 years, School Treasurer a long time, etc.; is an Episcopal Methodist. , Jan. 30, 1840, he mar ried Mary Formwalt, who died May 19, 1878, a member of the M. E. Church ; of their three children, Josephus H. died in infancy, John W. died at the age of 13, and Jacob Perry was born Dec. 25, 1850, and married Lottie Morton, who was born May 12, 1859, the daughter of Richard and Eliza (Allen) Morton, and they reside at his father's. We give Mr. M.'s portrait in this book. Wm. McCracken was born Nov. 27, 1829, in Hopewell, Licking Co., O., son of John and Margaret (Simcox), father a native of Ohio, near Athens, and of Irish origin, and mother of Pennsyl vania, near Pittsburg, of French ancestry; April 14, 1851, he mar ried Fanny Bordner, who was born April 15, 1831, in Licking Co., O., daughter of Peter and Christina (Losh) Bordner, natives of Pennsylvania. The latter came to Fulton Co. in 1853, and are now living in this tp., aged 97 and 86 years. Wm. McCracken's chil dren : Arrista, born May 30, 1853, and married Mary Morton, daughter of R. W., and lives on the homestead in another house ; Ira Artemas, Sept. 17, 1854 ; Samuel, Feb. 19, 1856 ; and Rilda Jane, Feb. 7, 1864, — all at home. Mr. McC. has been Collector, School Director, Road Commissioner, etc., and is a Democrat. He is a substantial farmer, residing on sec. 6 for the past 28 years; 240 acres of home farm, besides 80 acres two miles away ; he commenced here in 1851 with only $9 and a team and wagon. Charles McCumber was born Jan. 10, 1813, in Ontario Co., N. Y., son of Wm. McC, ofthe same county, and Phoebe, daughter of Beriah Kelly, of Scotland. Charles was brought up in Madison Co., O., where he married Huldah R. Lane, daughter of Jacob Lane, of that county; came to Fulton county in Oct., 1838, settling on a farm of 50 acres southwest of Lewistown ; afterward iived awhile northeast of Lewistown; in 1869 he moved to sec. 30, Liverpool tp., where he has a farm of 108 acres. His wife died in Dec, 1844, leaving 4 children; Wm. W., born Oct. 18, 1837; Sarah J., Nov. 22, 1838; Orville M., Sept. 8, 1840 ; John, May 1 6, 1842. Mr. McC. took for his second wife Sarah Caplinger, who died Dec. 11, 1856, leaving two children: Huldah, born Sept. 12, 1848, and Clara M., May 5, 1853. Mr. McC.'s third wife was Mary E. Weaver, whom he mar ried in 1858, and their 5 children are, Mary A. ; Phcebe L., born Aug. 19, 1860; Myron N, May 10, 1862; Thomas A., Dec. 31, 1864; Florence L., July 13, 1867; and Samantha A., July 3, 1870, — all living except Myron N. Three sons served in the Union army during the war, — Wm. W., Orville M. and John. Mr. McC. was formerly a Whig ; is now a Republican. / 834 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Messena B'. Nott was born in Windsor, Morgan Co., O., July 1 9 1839 ; is the son of S. M. Nott, who came to this county in 1855. Mr. N. enlisted Aug. 22, 1862, in Co. B, 85th 111. Inf., and was on detached service for 14 months as artillery-man in Battery I, 2d 111. Art. Went with Sherman to the sea. He was Corporal and acted as Com. Sergt. ; at the battle of Peach Tree Creek he went in with 40 men and came out with 18, the rest killed, wounded or taken prisoners. While on the marcb from Sand Town to Atlanta they were annoyed greatly by the enemy's sharpshooters. On one occasion while Mr. N. was trying to get a shot at one of these gentry ; he partly exposed his person from behind a tree, when zip! went a bullet, which cut his belt from his waste. He was married Oct. 13, 1865, to Ellen M. Arnett, who has borne him 5 children. Stephen H. Nott was born in Vermilion Co., Ind., May 10, 1840, and is the son of Dr. Nott. He enlisted Aug. 4, 1862, in Co. B, 85th 111. Inf., for service in the late war. He was in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Lookout Mountain and Knoxville ; was with Sherman on his famous march until the battle of Peach Tree Creek July 19, '64, when he was taken prisoner and was an inmate of Andersonville prison from July 21, '64, till March 24, '65, when he was paroled. Dr. Thomas Nott is a native of Roxbury, Washington county, 0., where he was born Feb. 17, 1809; came to this county in 1835, but located permanently in 1841, and taught school for 2 years. His father's name was Samuel Nott, native of N. H. His grandfather was Thomas Nott, a native of England and a Revolutionary soldier. His mother, Amy (Van Clief) Nott, was a native of N. J. and daughter of Peter Van Clief, also a Revolutionary soldier. Dr. N. was married in Ohio March 13, 1828, to Celesta Kent, daughter of Jabe and Catharine (Johnson) Kent, — the Kents of English origin, the Johnsons of Dutch.' Dr. N. has been in the practice of medicine continuously since he came to this county. Resides on sec. 29. Tiffin R. Nott is a native of Ohio, and was born in Washington county, July 1, 1833 ; parents, Steward M. and Phoebe (Kent) Nott; they came to this county April 27,. 1850, and settled on sec. 31, where they lived till their death. Mrs. N. died in Dec, 1867, and Mr. N. in Feb., 1868. Mr. N. was a very strong Democrat in pol itics and served the township in some official position about all the time ; was J. P. for 8 years, but never tried a case, inducing parties to come to an amicable settlement rather than to spend their time and money in law contests. T. R. is now serving as J. P. In '57, Dec. 27, he married Elizabeth V. Keeler, daughter of Benj. and Mary A. (Ackerman) Keeler, and was born June 27, 1842. Their children are Mary C, Chas. A., Cora L. E., deceased, and Thomas C. They reside on sec. 20, on land entered by Benj. Keeler 43 years ago. Upon this land are many Indian mounds, where relics have been plowed up, among which are sea-shells, with notches cut, eviently to hang in the ears, as ornaments ; also birds HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 835 made of clay and of different species, copper tools and imple ments, etc. James O'Brien, farmer, was born in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1842, and came to this county in the fall of 1860; married Caroline, daughter of Solomon Snider, in Jan., 1865, and located permanently on N. "W. \ of sec. 3, Liverpool township. After having two children (Minnie O, May 3, 1866, and Harry E., Aug. 16, 1868), Mrs. O'Brien died, April 6, 1875. Mr. O'B. married again, Atha Car ter, who had been born and reared in Lewistown township, and was a daughter of Jackson Carter, of Kentucky. These have had one child, Jessie Maud, born Nov. 27, 1878. He has 164 acres in farm, all made by himself. Republican. Mr. O'B.'s father was John O'Brien, also a farmer, who married Mary Harkin. Both were natives of Ireland, and after their mar riage they came to Buffalo, N. Y., about 1837, where she died. He afterward died in Delaware, Ohio. Akin Pollitt, farmer, sec. 6, is son of the next mentioned ; was born in Mason county, Ky., Oct. 3, 1835. He married Emily C. Estes Nov. 17, 1847. She was a daughter of Lewis and Ann (Farris) Estes, and was born in Franklin county, 111., Nov. 6, 1849. They have 8 children : Oliver P., John A., James L., Alexander, Wm., Chas. H., Laura A., and Delia Josephine. Mr. P. has always taken a deep interest in educational matters and has been School Director in District No. 1 for 12 years. He was almost the first advocate of free public schools in the District. He agitated the question and the benefit of building a school-house against great opposition from some, even threatening to shoot him. On being elected Director the first time, he immediately made a contract for and had built a school- house on his own land. It was made of hewn logs. It has since been abandoned and a fine frame erected. This District has a school fund of $4,000, the principal of which was secured from sale of lands. James Pollitt was born in July, 1800, in Maryland. His parents, Jonathan and Narcissa (Pollitt) Pollitt, were natives of Maryland. They moved to Fleming county, Ky., in 1809, and James married Mary Thomas July 21, 1822. She was born in Fauquier county, Va., March 16, 1802. They came to this county in Sept., 1836, bringing a family of 6 children. James Pollitt died Feb. 14, 1875. The widow is living upon the old homestead with her son James. One son, George E., served in the 55th 111. Inf. during the war for 3 years. Mr. P. was a member of the Baptist Church, as is his widow. Amos F. Potts, deceased, was born in Loudon Co, Va., Sept. 15, 1805, son of Isaiah Potts, who married Elizabeth Brown. Amos F. married Elizabeth S. Dolson, in Zanesville, O., April 25, 1828, who was born Feb. 13, 1810; they came to Clark county, 111., in Jan., 1830; Oct. 31, 1833, they arrived in Fulton county, settled on sec. 29, where Mr. Potts died Dec. 17, 1866, Of bis 10 children 8 grew 49 836 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. up and were married, and were all born in this county except the two eldest, as follows : John Wm., Lemuel W., Huldah Ann Thomas I., George W., Wm. H. H., Mary J. and Sarah E., twins Martha J., and Emily A. The parents saw the hardships of pioneer life, including troubles with the Indians. They were once driven from their home by them, and on their return they found all their goods piled in the middle of the floor and a few Indians there, who said, "Bad Indians gone ; they were going to burn the house, but good Indians wouldn't let them." William enlisted in the 103d 111. Inf. and was killed in action at the battle of Atlanta. Lemuel W. Potts, son of preceding, enlisted April 29, 1861, in Co. H., 17th 111. Inf., the first man from Liverpool tp. ; was badly wounded at Fredericktown, Mo., by a shell ; was one of those who made the second charge on the enemy's works at Ft. Donelson, car rying them at the point of the bayonet; was in the front a great deal at the battle of Shiloh, where he was again wounded ; touched fire to the 40-barrel magazine of powder set to blow up Ft. Hill, making a very narrow escape of his own life ; his regiment was the first to enter Vicksburg after the surrender ; and after engaging in other hard-fought battles (47 in all, including skirmishes) and res ponsible military duties, his regiment was mustered out at Baton Rouge, May 14, 1866. He now has 1,700 acres of land, and is an extensive stock-raiser and farmer. April 9, 1870, he married his first wife, Martha E. Patterson, who died Feb. 14, 1871 ; Dec. 4, 1873, he married Jennie Walworth, a native of St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., daughter of Noah and Margaret Walworth. Mr. Potts is a " stalwart " Republican, and has been School Director several years. Thomas I. Potts, son of Amos F., above mentioned, married Sarah Livingston, Nov. 13, 1864, daughter of George Livingston, a native of Ohio, and she was born Oct. 13, 1846; their six children living are George W., born Aug. 29, 1865 ; Charley, Nov. 28, 1867; Lilly M., Jan. 22, 1870; Effie D., June 25, 1871; Chalmers, Jan. 1, 1874, and Gertrude, Jan. 22, 1878; Minnie B. was born Jan. 22, 1870, and died aged 6 months. Mr. P. is a Bepublican; has a farm of 123 acres. Edwin Preston, son of the next mentioned, was born Aug. 31, 1844, and married Sarah E. Blanchard, daughter of Ira R, of Brimfield, Peoria Co.', a native of Maine, near Kingfield. He has 4 children, — Winnie V., born Sept. 28, 1867; George. E. and Gertie L., twins, Dec. 4, 1870, and Roy B., June 21, 1 877. Mr. P. has been in office ever since he was 21, as Town Clerk, School Di rector, School Trustee, Road Commissioner, etc. Democrat. Is a farmer and stock-raiser on sec. 14. Hiram Preston was born at Kingfield, Franklin Co., Me., Jan. 23, 1817, son of Peter and Mary (Winslow) Preston, natives of Martha's Vineyard, Mass., and Peter's father was James, of the same place and of English ancestry. Mrs. Mary Preston's father was Ezekiel Winslow, a native of England, and his father's name was HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 837 Canelum. Mr. Hiram Preston came to Illinois in 1839, stop ping in Peoria Co., and coming into Fulton Co. in 1840 to reside. In 1841 he married Tryphena Hathaway, a native of Kingfield, Me., and daughter of Luther and Clarissa (Hinds) Hathaway, na tives of Mass., near Taunton, Luther's father was Gilbert, born in England. Luther Hathaway and wife came to Peoria Co. in 1836; he died in March, 1873. Mr. Hiram Preston has always been in the saw-mill and lumber business, and in farming, owning at present 5 farms. Mr. P. is a Democrat ; has been Postmaster at Maple's Mill for nearly 20 years. His three children are Edwin, Frank and James Austin. Jordon Prichard, deceased, was a native of Washington Co., Pa., and came to this county as early as 1836 and located on sec. 16, Liverpool tp. His wife was Artemisia Shaw, of Licking Co., 0., where they were married. Eight children were born to them : Mary J.; Robert; Alexander, who died of cholera in 1849; James, who has been Steward of county farm since 1869; Elizabeth, Bert, Sarah, Ella, and Rebecca, who also died of cholera in 1849. Jordon Prichard was a farmer by occupation and a prominent man. He died of cholera after one day's sickness July 13, 1849, being the second victim, Robert Summers being the first. Mrs. P. was taken sick on the 15th and died the same day. Then followed Alexander and Rebecca. Singular it is, but on rising that morning Mrs. P. remarked that she dreamed the past night that she, with 2 of her children, were to die with the cholera. She ate breakfast as well as usual and by 11 o'clock a. m. was dead. The father of Mr. P. was Benjamin Prichard, a soldier of the war of 1812. Mrs. P.'s father, Alexander Shaw, was a Revolutionary soldier. Joseph G. Putman was born Jan. 31, 1830, in Lewis Co., Ky., near Maysville, and is a son of Daniel K. and Anna (Grover), the former of Culpepper Co., Va., and the latter of Maryland, near Baltimore. Joseph G. came to Fulton Co. in 1854, locating on section 14, and stopping here two years; in 1864 he bought the farm on which he now resides, — 160 acres on sec. 30. He married, in this county, Christina, daughter of Peter Bordner. Charles W. is their only child. Daniel K. Putman was a teacher and Methodist preacher for nearly 50 years. He died, aged .77 years. James S. Raker was born Jan. 18, 1847, son of Nelson Raker; Dec 3, 1871, married Mary Leonard, a native of Carter Co., Tenn., born April 4, 1851, and daughter of Obadiah and Esther (Lacy) Leonard, both of Tennessee ; their children are : Hetty, born June 22, 1872; William, Dec. 31, 1874, and died May. 25, 1875; James D., April 11, 1876; and Frankie, Aug. 12, 1879. Nelson Raker was born in Sept., 1812, in Clark county, Ky., son of David M. and Susan E. (Chaney) Raker, natives of N. C, the former of German ancestry and the latter of English. Nelson was married in Clark county, Ky., Feb. 9, 1835, to Martha Ann Mullens, who was born in Kentucky ; they came to Fulton county 838 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. in Nov., 1855, bringing 9 children. Three were born in Fulton Co. : Amanda J., Franklin (dec. in infancy), and Nelson. Mr. Raker first lived on sec. 7, 5 east, 2 years, then near Slabtown 1 year, then in Warsaw one winter, then on his present farm on sec. 5, 5. east. Mrs. R. is a member of the Christian Church. Geo. W. Ray was born July 24, 1843, son of Wm. Ray, in Ash Co., N. C. ; came to this county in 1865; June 24, 1866, married Mrs. Anna Adeline Vail, daughter of Elijah Willcoxen, and they now live on sec. 9; she was born Dec. 10, 1825, in Estill Co., Ky., and May 30, 1850, married Joseph Appleton Vail, a native of Middleton, O., who died May 19, 1852, leaving one son, Joseph C. Mr. Ray served in the 6th N. C. Cav., Confederate army, for 3 years. Benjamin Scholes emigrated from Yorkshire, Eng., to the U. S. in 1820. Soon afterwards he volunteered as a soldier in the Seminole or Florida war. He afterwards located in St. Louis and was engaged in steam-boating on the Mississippi and Illinois rivers until about 1840, when he located in Liverpool. Here he carried on a general merchandising business for many years, and in ,'73 moved upon his farm on sec. 2. His wife's maiden name was Lucinda J. Deaver, a native of Md. They have a family of 8 children out of 10 born to to them. Mr. S. died March 6, 1876. Amos Shaw enlisted in the 17th 111. Inf., and served about 3 years in the war of the Rebellion, died at Brownsville, Miss., of lung fever, March 21,1863. One of his children is still living in this county, James B., on sec. 8, Liverpool tp. He married Mary E, Eveland in Oct., 1877. Peter Shaw is a native of Licking Co., O., where he was born Oct. 17, 1837 ; parents were Amos and Angeline (Bordner) Shaw. Mrs. S. was a daughter of Peter Bordner, an early settler of this county. Amos Shaw moved with his family to Iowa, where he died. His widow married W. W. Brown and now lives in Lewistown tp. Peter S. married Dec. 5, 1862, Sarah E. Potts, daughter of Amos F. Potts, who is now living with them on sec. 30. They have had 10 children, only 2 of whom are living, Orville P. and Sarah M. They have an adopted child by name of Martha. Hezekiah Shenfelta, sec. 7, son of John and Susan (Swigart) S., natives of Pa. and of German descent. The former is dead and the latter is living in Marion Co. Mr. S. came to this county in 1867 ; married Sarah J. Flaherty, a native of Va. She died, and he mar ried Mary Cooper. His children, dead and living, are, Victoria, deceased, Mary E., Elizabeth L., Abraham, deceased, Charles A., Edward F. and Margaret, deceased. William Shields. Andrew Jackson Shields came to this county about the year 1834 and located on a farm near Canton; worked at blacksmithing occasionally. His father was Robert Shields. His wife's maiden name was Margaret Red. They were married in Indiana and had a family of seven children, all now living except HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 839 Mary E. A. J. Shields, sr., died in 1848. Wm. Shields was born in 1836, and March 14, 1861, he married Nancy M. Willcoxen, daughter of Maj. Elijah W., and is now living on sec. 10. He has 4 children, — Prudence Luella, Andrew L., deceased, Elijah Cal loway, Anna C. and George Lee. Robert Summers, with a small family, settled at Waterford soon after the Black Hawk war. He was a Kentuckian by birth and education, but his wife was from Vermont. This family soon moved to Lewistown, and after a few months moved again to the vicinity of Liverpool, where they changed residence/occasionally. Mr. S. undertook, about 1840, to build a bridge across the overflowed land north of Liverpool, and after a mile of it was nearly done, a flood carried it away, and he was consequently involved in debt from which he never recovered. In 1841 or '42 he settled on the place now occupied by Hiram Preston, where he remained (except in 1844 he had charge of the^Farris mill at Milton, three miles northwest of Lewistown) until he ended his earthly career in the great calamity detailed in the chapter of horrors elsewhere in this volume. He died July 10, 1849, three children died on the 13th, and his wife died on the 16th, — five out of a family of nine in six days ! Three of the remaining children still live, — Ewing at Galesburg, 111., Bobert in Mississippi, and Mary (now Mrs. Stockton) in Colorado. "Esquire" Summers was generally elected a Justice of the Peace (in Liverpool township), although he was a Whig and all his neigh bors Democrats, He taught music and a public school occasionally, and was always held in high esteem. Abraham M. Weaver was born in Madison Co., Va., June 7, 1835. He married Sarah Shaw March 5, 1857. She is a daughter of Robert and Catharine (Bordner) Shaw. Mr. W. has lived on sec. 7, 5 N., 5 W., for 12 years, and has improved most of the place. His parents are Alfred and Louisa (Kirtley) Weaver ; Alfred and wife came to this county in the fall of 1836, bringing 2 children, Abraham and Elizabeth. They lived the first winter at Lewistown. He now lives at Maple's Mill. A. M. W. has 7 children living: Christina, Frank, S. Kossuth, Walter N., Fanny, A. G., Aman da and Wm. C. George W. Wheelbarger was born in Augusta Co., Va., Nov. 9, 1821, son of Cyrus W., a native of Rockingham Co., Va., and whose father was a native of Germany. Cyrus married Sarah Ehr- man, whose parents were of Germany. Geo. W. came to Fulton county, Sept. 12, 1855, and worked at a saw-mill for J. C. Will coxen for 3 years, then bought a farm of 130 acres on sec. 6, Liv erpool tp., and resided here ever since. Aug. 31, 1855, in Va., he married Eliza Drumeller. They have 6 children, namely : Addie, Granville K., Estie, Vintie F., Franklin G. and Atha C, all living at home. John Whitehead was born in Saddleworth, Eng., June 4, 1807, son of John and Betty W. Our subject came to America in 1845, 840 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. to Fulton Co., April 26, same year. He was a skilled manufacturer of woolen, silk and cotton goods in Eng. He early engaged in the saw-mill business here. He also ran a steamboat named " Liver pool" between La Salle and Beardstown. Since 1863 has been en gaged in farming, on sec. 14, 5 N., 4 W. He bought this farm for the timber on it, but now has 100 acres under cultivation. He married Nancy Savill, who is a native of Eng. They brought a family of 7 children when they came to the tp., and have 3 born here. Mrs. W. died in April, 1857; he married in 1858 Wini fred F. Wood. John Whitehead, jr., served in the Union army for 3 years ; was a sharpshooter. Mr. W. says when he first came here it was reported and believed that the first white child born in the tp. was Mason Eveland, on the S. W. £ of sec. 14. Willcoxen Family. — Jeremiah F. Willcoxen was born Feb., 1833, on sec. 5, Liverpool tp. ; father's name was Elijah Willcoxen, who came to this tp. Nov., 1830; J. F. lives on the old homestead that his father settled on in 1830; principal business has been farming and stock-raising, with the exception of serving two years as Sheriff, being elected to that o'ffice in 1863; has held nearly all the offices in his tp., and is the present Supervisor, which office he, has held for the past 5 terms. He is a member of the Christian Chruch; married Feb., 1867 to Lorinda Riner of Peoria Co. ; have a family of three children, — Mary Adell, Frank B. and Chas. L. Capt. Elijah Willcoxen was born in Ash Co., N. O, in 1789. He was a volunteer in the war of 1812; also served two years in the Black Hawk war, first as Lieut, and then as Captain. He was a grand nephew of Daniel Boone. He first settled in Liverpool tp., Nov., 1830. At the time ofhis death, which occurred July 3, 1860, his 12 grown children were at his funeral, and his posterity num bered 114. He was a pillar in tije Regular Baptist Church ; was Justice of the Peace for many years and served in nearly all the offices of the township. His wife's name before marriage was Charlotte Calloway, who was born in Ash Co., N. C. She was a daughter of Col. Elijah Calloway, for years a prominent member of the N. C. Legislature. They were married in 1811, soon afterwards moving to Kentucky, where they lived a frontier life for 15 years, when they moved to Fulton Co. and settled on the farm now occu pied by the youngest son, ex-Sheriff J. F. Willcoxen. Mrs. Char lotte W. departed this life June 18, 1874; was the mother of 14 children, — 7 boys and 7 girls, 12 of whom lived to have families. At her decease her posterity numbered 204. Six of the boys lived on and owned farms adjoining the old home stead at the time of their father's death. The Willcoxen family at this time own land north and south for 3 miles on each side of the road. The children are : Jesse B., E. Calloway, Andrew Jackson, Marshall Ney, James Calvin, and Jeremiah F. Major E. Calloway Willcoxen was a farmer ; also carried on the mill business ; he was an enterprising and influential man in the county, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 841 taking an interest in matters of public importance ; was elected to many offices in the township; was supervisor for several years and held other township offices ; was a staunch Democrat in politics. He was born in Estill county, Ky., March 12, 1817. He met with an accident by which his thigh was broken and died from the effects Jan. 22, 1872. Like his father, he came to be considered a sort of patriarch in the neighborhood, and was respected and beloved by all ; he left a widow and a large family of children ; she still lives on the homstead on sec. 8. She was Prudence Putman, daughter of Redding Putman, an early settler of Putman tp. Jesse B. Willcoxen, the eldest son of Elijah Willcoxen, lived on sec. 8 ; was born Sept. 14, 1813 ; his farms lay on sees. 8, 16 and 17 ; he was an extensive farmer and owned nearly or quite a section of land. He was married twice ; his first wife was Priscilla Stufflebeam, by whom there were 8 children born. She died, and Mr. W. mar ried a second time. Margaret Smith ; by the last union there were 6 children. He was a member of the Regular Baptist Church. He died the 17th of Oct., 1872, very suddenly. He left a widow and 12 children and 200 relatives. His widow still resides at the old homestead on sec. 8. He served with his father in the Black Hawk war. Andrew Jackson Willcoxen, born Dec. 7, 1818; opened a large farm in Liverpool tp. on which he built a fine brick house, with other improvements ; sold out and moved to California, remained a few years, when he returned to this county and again sold out and moved to Arizona, where he is now living engaged in farming, stock-raising, etc. He married Mary J. Grigsby. James Calvin Willcoxen, after improving a large farm in Liver pool tp. on which he built a large brick residence, he moved to Lewistown, where he now lives. He has been extensively engaged in the lumber business, also merchandise, flouring mills, woolen mill, hotel, aud at present is extensively engaged in farming, own ing about 5,000 acres; has this year some 1,200 acres of corn; also engaged in grading the Fulton County Narrow-Gauge Railroad from Havana to Fairview, for which he has taken a contract. Marshall Ney Willcoxen was born in Estill Co., Ky., Sept. 5, '27, son of Elijah Willcoxen, now living on part of his father's estate, sec. 4; has been engaged in milling and lumbering. May 4, 1854. he married Harriet Laswell, daughter of Andrew and Barbara (Baughman) Laswell, early settlers of Putman^ tp. She was born March 26, 1836. Of their 12 children 9 are living, viz: Calvin L., E. Amelia (now wife of John Byers, near Bryant), Jeremiah C, Marshall Ney, jr., Charlotte A., Nellie Florence, Margaret E., Mary Inez, and George Ray. He is a Baptist and Mrs. W. is a member of the Christian Church. 842 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a list of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. Jacob Maus 1850-51 Thomas H. Hand 1852 C. Willcoxen 1853 Jacob Maus 1854-58 E. C. Willcoxen 1859-60 D. TJ. Boyington 1861 Robert Prichard 1862-63 Jacob Maus 1864-65 Franklin Farwell 1866 Jacob Maus 1867-68 Robert Prichard 1869 J. F. Willcoxen 1870-72 Jacob Maus 1873 Benj. F. Scholes 1874 Jacob Maus 1875 J. F. Willcoxen 1878-79 TOWN CLERKS. A. G. Poe 1859-60 Hiram Preston 1861-63 S. R. Quigley 1866 Hiram Preston 1867 James D. Putman 1868 Hiram Preston 1869 Edwin Preston 1870 Hiram Preston 1871-79 ASSESSORS. Elijah Jennings 1859 Robert Prichard I860 James Prichard 1861-62 E. Jennings 1866-67 James Prichard 1869 R. W.Morton 1870 E. Jennings 1871 R. W. Morton 1872 E. E. Saunders 1873 E. Jennings 1874 R. W. Morton 1875-77 Elijah Jennings 1878-79 COLLECTORS. R. W. Morton 1859 J. B. Willcoxen 1860-61 J.F. Willcoxen 1862 M. N. Willcoxen 1863 Wm. McCracken 1864 Robert Prichard 1865 F. M. Harrison 1866 Robert Shaw...'. 1867 James Prichard 1868 Jesse B. Willcoxen 1869 Wm. Shields 1870 J. B. Willcoxen 1871 E. Jennings 1872-73 Hugh Flemming 1874 8. T. Denny 1875-76 Frank Preston 1877 Edwin Preston 1877 Joseph C. Vail 187C-79 ORION TOWNSHIP. Mr. John Wolf and family came to this township in 1828, and settled upon sec. 18. John Orendorff and Wm. Ulmer came into this neighborhood about the same time. Of this family we speak in the personal sketches. Sarah Motsingcr was the first child born in tlie township. The first school was taught by Patsey Brown upon sec. 18. The first school-house erected was in 1833, and Esquire S. N. Breed, now of Canton, taught the first school in it. The first preaching done was in Mr. Wolf's house. Ozias Hale was the first resident preacher. He had charge of the Duck Creek Baptist Church, which is now the First Baptist Church of Canton. John Orendorff erected the first frame house and burned the first kiln of brick. The first saw and grist-mill was erected upon the west branch of Copperas creek by Gabriel Walling. The township is mostly covered with timber land bordering upon the three branches of Copperas creek with their various little tribu taries. At the north line of section 35 Copperas creek divides, and what is known as the East Branch of Copperas creek flows east and north through the township, and what is known as the Middle Branch flows southeasterly. Near the southwest corner section 26, what is known as the West Branch of Copperas creek enters the Middle Fork. There are 9,931 acres of improved land in the township, and 13,- 529 acres of land which is not in cultivation. This is not ex ceeded by any other township in the county except by Liverpool, which has a much larger area. Rawalt Station was laid out by Jonas Rawalt, upon his land on section 30. It is on the line of the T., P. & W. Ry., and only a few miles from Canton. Breed's Station is another little place upon the line of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Ry. in this township. It is upon the southwest quarter of section 27, and laid off by C. G. Breed. PERSONAL SKETCHES. Lewis L. Jones, coal-miner, was born in South Wales in 1827; began working at mining when he was 10 years of age; came to the United States in 1848 and spent a year in St. Louis, then went to St. Clair county, 111., commenced mining in Caseyville, and in 1867 came to Canton and worked on the first shaft ever_ sunk there. His present mine on sec. 30, Orion tp., he opened in the 844 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. spring of 1871. The coal is of first quality, and the working is 4 ft. 8 in. Mr. Jones married Elizabeth Morgan, a native of Wales. They have had 8 children, 6 of whom are now living, — William. Lewis, Elizabeth, Thomas, Margaret and Hannah. John B. Kelly was born in Cortland Co., N. Y., in 1820; moved to Trivoli township, Peoria Co., 111., in 1838, and 4 years afterwards to his present farm, sec. 11, Orion tp., where he owns 320 acres. He was married to Miss Rachel, daughter of Joseph Proctor, of Orion tp., and a native of Hamilton Co., 111. They have had 14, children born to them, 10 of whom are living,— Elizabeth, Nelson, Alonzo, deceased, William, Jane, Hannah, deceased, Ransom, Alice, Stephen A., John, Orin, deceased, Casie, Emy, deceased, and War ren. Nelson and Alonzo both enlisted in the army. The latter joined the 12th 111. Cav., which went with Gen. Banks on the Bed River expedition, where he contracted disease, which terminated fatally at Baton Rouge. Josiah Ketcham, farmer, was born in Warren Co., N. J., in 1838, brought by his parents in emigration to Canton, 111., in 1853, fol lowed farming 3 miles east of Canton until 1862, when he entered the 103d 111. Inf., and participated in the battles of Vicksburg, Jackson, Mission Ridge, etc., and on the Atlantic, and "on to Richmond." In 1866 he married Mary E. Addis, a native of Ful- Co., and they now have 4 children, — Jennie, Richard, Eva and Sherman. Josiah's father, George Ketcham, was also a native of New Jersey, married Jane Bannatta, of the same place, and had 10 children. He came to Canton in 1853, and after farming 3 miles east of Canton until 1868, he sold the farm, moved into town, and has since followed wagon-making. Wm. H. Lowe, farmer, was born in this tp. Aug. 7, 1842. His father, John Lowe, was a native of Virginia, came to Fulton Co. in 1837, and settled on sec. 31, Orion tp., where Wm. H. was born; married Isabelle Riley, a nlative of Ohio ; they were both members of the M. E. Church. In 1868 he moved to McDonough Co., where he died in 1877, and where Mrs. L. is still living. ( They had 6 children. Wm. H. married Ann E. Breed, a native of this tp., and they have had 5 children, — Mary, Charles, John, Anna and Blanche. Mr. L. enlisted in the 55th 111., was in the principal en gagements in the Southwest, was also in the 15th Army Corps, with Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea, and during the war he was wounded in the neck by a bullet. Thomas Manuel was born in Wales in 1802, son of Thomas and Catherine (Jenkins) Manuel; obtained his education in Sunday- school in his native country ; emigrated to America in 1854, and to Fulton Co. in 1865 ; by occupation he is a miner, but for 16 years he kept hotel, the Kingston House 14 years of this time ; at present he is a farmer on sec. 27, Orion tp. In 1854 he married Elizabeth Jones. They have adopted a son named William. Latter-Day ( Saints. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 845 John Orendorff, farmer, was born in Wilks Co., Ga., passed much of his early life in several of the Southern States, came to Illinois in 1818, and in 1820 married Margaret Sale, related to the family of Gen. Geo. Washington, and born in Wilks Co., N. C. ; April 16, 1825, he became a resident of this tp., taking a farm which he oc cupied for 49 years. He died Jan. 28, 1876, his wife having died July 19, 1867. He was Justice of the Peace many years, and sol emnized the first marriage in the county ; he also erected the first saw-mill in the tp., and made the first brick ; he erected the first frame dwelling in Orion tp. He was a strong, industrious, honest, social and philanthropic man. At a camp-meeting held by Peter Cartwright near Canton in 1832, he and his wife were converted and joined the M. E. Church, and remained consistent members of the same until death. Their house was a home for the itinerant. They had 5 sons and 2 daughters : one son died young, and all the other children still live in this county, except the younger daughter, who is married and lives in Fort Wayne, Ind. The elder daughter is the wife of Wm. Parlin, of Canton. Wm. J., the second son, is one of the firm of Parlin & Orendorff. John W. is a farmer in Banner tp. Henry H. is a dealer in agricultural implements at Canton. Wash ington S.'s sketch is next given. We give Mr. John OrendorfFs portrait in connection' with that of his son, Wm. J, Washington Sale Orendorff, farmer, son of foregoing, was born in Sangamon Co., 111., Aug. 20, 1822. In early day he was brought to this tp., and he still lives on the old homestead, which now com prises a handsome brick residence and 200 acres of well cultivated land, Jonas Rawalt, farmer, was born in Northumberland Co., Pa., in 1804.; his father, John Rawalt, was also a native of Pennsylvania, and his grandfather was a General in the Revolutionary war. Jonas first came to Fulton Co. in 1829,. and was one of the first County Surveyors. He was married in Clarke Co., Ind., March 23, 1825; has had 10 children. John, the eldest son, died in the army ; Enoch in the west part of Fulton Co. ; Henry and Seth died in infancy ; James lives in Urbana, O.; Mary married Wm. M. Ganson, Clerk of the County Court for six years, and lives in Mason Co. ; Benjamin lives in Nebraska ; Elizabeth married a Mr. Whiteford and lives in Mason Co. ; Milton lives on sec. 31, Orion tp. ; and Jonas R. resides on sec 29, same tp. The subject of this sketch was the first County School Commissioner, Supervisor for the first ten years after town ship organization was adopted, and was the first member of the Legislature from Fulton Co. He was also Major in the 7th 111. Cav., and three, of his sons were in the war, — John in the 56th Inf., Enoch in the 8th 111. Cav., and Benj. F. in the Minnesota Inf. Jonas Rawalt is a Whig and Republican, and a New Jerusalem Church mau (" Swedenborgian"). His wife died Oct. 27, 1878. Five of the children have been educated at the Urbana (O.) Uni versity. 846 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. L. P. Sprague is engaged in farming upon section 36. P. 0. Breed's. Amos Weller was born in Warren Co., N. J., Oct. 16, 1833, son of Michael and Priscilla Lydia Weller, natives also of N. J. Occu pation, farmer; has been also bookkeeper. In 1857 he married Martha Johnson, and their children are one boy and four girls, all living. Democrat. Jacob C. Wolf, farmer and stock raiser, sec. 17; P.O., Canton. Mr. W. was born in Orion township on sec. 18, in 1839, and is the son of Thomas F. and Joanna ( Coleman ) Wolf. He was united in marriage with Helen Roe, of Peoria Co., 111. Five children have been born to them, — E. Lellias, Thomas F., Jasper R., Ann Eliza and Herman Leroy. Jasper N. Wolf, farmer and stock- raiser, sec. 18; P. O. address, Canton. Mr. W. is a member of an old and respected family of this county. His parents, Thomas F. and Joanna (Coleman) Wolf, were early settlers to this county. Jasper N. was born in this township, sec. 18, in 1850. In July, 1873, he took unto himself a wife in the person of Susie Olive Wolf, of Canton. He was married in Ban ner township. Olive Zuluna and Lola Correna are their children. Mr. W. has served in many of the local offices. Jeremiah P. Wolf was born in 1841, on sec. 18, Orion township, Fulton county, 111. His parents are Thomas F. Wolf and Joanna Wolf, nee Coleman. Mr. W. has served his township as Supervisor for 11 years and filled other positions. He is engaged in agricul tural pursuits upon sec. 18, where he owns a farm. He was mar ried to Emma Wise, of •Canton township, and has a family of 4 chil dren,— Luella, Geo. W., Bertha May and Willie Clifford. Both himself and wife are members of the M. E. Church. Thomas F. Wolf was born in Virginia in 1805, but his family early moved into Ohio, where he was raised and lived till 1826, when he started for Illinois. He met with Mr. John Coleman, who was just moving his family to Illinois, and he came with him and soon after reaching Fulton county he married Joanna Coleman, his eld est daughter, this being the first couple the late John Orendorff married, in Fulton county. His father, John Wolf, with his wife, came to Fulton county in 1828, where he lived and died. Mrs. Wolf is thought to have been the first person to die in Orion township. Mr. Thos. F. Wolf and wife were blessed with 14 children, 9 of whom are living. The family are all married. Mr. W. was Justice of the Peace for many years and held many other local offices. He was a good farmer and very successful, but worked very hard in his younger days and somewhat impaired bis otherwise vigorous consti tution. He died in 1863. Of his sons we also speak. They represent among the best farming interest of the county. William Webster Wolf, farmer and stock-raiser, was born in Orion township, this county, in 1852. His parents were Thomas F. and Joanna (Coleman) Wolf. He was married in Feb., 1872, in Orion HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 847 township to Esther Kelly, a native of Ottawa county, O. have 2 children : Alvin and Joseph. Mr. W. owns a farm 18, where he now resides. P. O., Canton. They on sec. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following gentlemen have served the township since its or ganization in the various official capacities named : SUPERVISORS. Jonas Rawalt 1850-59 Zalmon A. Green 1860-65 A. Merrill 1866-68 J. P. Wolf. '¦ 1869-76 J.P.Kelly 1877 Zalmon A.Green 1878 Jerry P. Wolf 1879 TOWN CLERKS. Washington S. Orendorff. 1859-60 AmosL. Breed 1861 William Robey 1862-64 Reuben Laton 1866 Lloyd Thorn 1868 Edmond Johns 1869 W. S. Orendorff. 1870 Newton Bird 1871-73 J. P.Kelly 1874-76 J. N. Bird 1877 Thomas M. Lee 1878 John Henderson 1879 ASSESSORS. Edgar H. Ross 1859-60 Joseph B. Whitmore 1S61 Joseph B. Whitmore 1866-74 John Turner 1875 JohnFillingham 1876 Milton Vandeventer 1877 Amos Weller 1879 COLLECTORS. Simon P. Whitmore 1859 Thomas F. Wolf 1860-61 S. P. Whitmore 1862-65 William Robey 1868 James Rowe 1869 Thomas Roy 1870-71 MarkBowton 1872 Henry Seybert 1873-75 William Turl 1876 Michael Thorn 1877-78 William Turl 1879 PLEASANT TOWNSHIP. This township is bounded on the north by Bernadotte, east by Isabel, the south by Woodland and upon the west by Vermont. The prairie and timber land is finely proportioned, and there are some as finely improved farms and as enterprising and wealthy agri culturists as can be found in the Military Tract. The entire town ship is underlaid with strata of good coal ; however the land is good and produces abundant crops. There are but few coal mines in operation in the township? and only enough coal is mined to sup ply home demand. There is no water course of any great size in the township. A small stream called Otter creek rises in the township and flows in a southeasterly direction and passes out at sec. 25. William Roland was the first pioneer to establish himself in this township. He was born in Kentucky in the year 1800, and in 1828 came to this county and erected a cabin upon sec. 3 of Pleasant tp. The old cabin yet remains as a monument of the first labor per formed in this beautiful township. He had but nicely and snugly arranged his home here when James and Riley Roland came to the pleasant land and founded homes. Besides these there came in during, the year 1829 Daniel Walters, D. Brown and a few other families, and ere many years had' rolled around quite a number of daring pioneers were ensconced among the forest trees and tilling little patches they had cleared. It was some time before any ventured out upon the open prairies. These vast unbroken wastes were then thought useless. They were covered with a rank growth of grass that would hide a man from view who was riding through it on horseback, so very tall did it grow. Then the prairie fires were something to be dreaded. When a fire chanced to start in the waving ocean of dried and inflammable material that formed a con tinuous mass over the wide-spreading prairies, it was a sure mes senger of death to every living creature in its relentless course, unless the precaution had been previously exercised to guard against it. The roar of the flames when driven by a strong wind could be heard two or three miles away. The sight was beautiful, but the destruc tion it carried in its wake was appalling. The first child born in the township was C. Roland. The first person to die was Nancy Davis: Elder J. Logan preached the first sermon in the cabin of Mr. J. France. Alexander Shaffer was the first Justice of the Peace. The first school-house was built in 1830, nd the first school taught by Samuel Clayburg. Daniel Brown HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 849 erected the first grist-mill upon Otter creek in 1832 or '33. The first church building was erected upon section 14 in 1842. The congregation was organized by A. M. Smith. It has since gone down. Among the principal interests of the township outside of the towns, aside from the farming and stock-raising, is the extensive nursery carried on by McCune & Co. IPAVA. Ipava is pleasantly situated, on section 6, which is in the north western corner of Pleasant township. It is a station on the O, B. & Q. B. R., Rushville Branch, and is surrounded by a country which is as fertile and beautiful as any in the Co. Indeed, the village was at first called Pleasantville, owing to its pleasant location. It was founded by John Easley Sept. 15, 1846, and at present contains about 800 inhabitants, who are noted for their peaceable, industri ous habits and enterprise, as well as for their good station in life. Although Ipava is an agricultural town, its good society and in creasing trade constitute an index to the character of all the region it represents. It is in fact one of the best business points in the county. We venture here to particularize some of the prominent features of the place. First, the woolen mills, owned by Moorhouse & Hess, re-modeled by them from the old oil mills ; then the bank ; the school-house, built in 1876 at a cost of $3,300, and now in fine condition and well patronized; two well regulated hotels; tiree churches; mer cantile establishments, by McCune, Nathan Hulit and others; two drug-stores; three blacksmith shops; two wagon shops; two furni ture shops; one newspaper, the Stream of Light; one flouring-mill, owned by C. Trickey ; two public halls, — Zull's and Trickey's, etc., etc. The Presbyterian church was built in 1858 at a cost of $2,000; Eev. E. Quillin is the present Pastor. The Christian church edi fice was built in 1854, by the Methodists, at a cost of $2,000. The present Methodist church is a fine brick building, with basement, erected in 1867, at a cost of $12,000. Rev. A. Bowers is the pres ent Pastor. There are four practicing physicians in Ipava. The prosperity of Ipava is due in great part to the liberal public spirit of" J. L. McCune and N. Hulit, the principal merchants in the place. PERSONAL SKETCHES. . We continue the history of the township and town by giving much personal history. /. W. Bacon, physician and surgeon, was born in this State Aug. 13,1838; at 17 to 20 years of age he attended college; taught school; graduated at Rush Medical College, Chicago, in 1869; has 850 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. practiced medicine since 1864; took special lessons in the East on diseases of the chest, under the celebrated Dr. Jonesnay of N. Y.- married Elizabeth J. Bailey Dec. 10, 1863, who was born in Illi nois in 1841 ; they have 3 children, — Alta, Charles E. and Mattie. He owns a valuable piece of land near Ipava. J. W. Ball, physician and surgeon, Ipava, son of Elijah and Mary Ball, was born in Morgan Co., O., Sept. 26, 1826; came to Illinois in 1854. He commenced his medical studies in 1844 and the prac tice of medicine in 1849, in Ohio. He settled in Ipava in 1855, where he has had a great run of practice. July 7, 1845, in Ohio, he married Nancy Buckley, who was born in Ohio Dec. 9, 1824, and they have had 10 children, 7 of whom are now living, — Caro line M. (married), Charles, a medical graduate, Dillon P., Sarah J., Amos, J. V. and Bertha. Dr. Ball's father was a first cousin of George Washington. Freemason. Republican. S. A. Boyer is engaged in farming on section 18. Postoffice address, Ipava. John N. Chicken, furniture dealer and manufacturer, Ipava,. is a son of Daniel and Charlotte Chicken, and was born in Ohio May 4, 1840. He began to learn his chosen trade at the age of 15, which he has continued to follow since. He accompanied his father to this State in 1856 and settled in Astoria, where he began the cabinet business in 1858. He now keeps on hand a fine line of furniture and does a good business. He belongs to the M. E. Church, in which he has been a licensed exhorter for 15 years. He has been twice married, first time Sept. 25, 1861 ; and again, Sept. 26, 1874, to Mary A. Moorhouse, a native of New Jersey. They have two children, Vernon and Jessie. By his former wife he had 4 children ; Elmer, Mary, Sada, deceased, and Carrie E. G. C., Cooper, sec. 23; farmer, owning 410 acres of fine land; was born in Pennsylvania Sept. 1, 1818; came to this State in 1848, settling in Fulton county; in 1851 he married Sarah D. Beadles, who was born in Illinois, Feb. 24,. 1833; they have had 9 children, 8 living at present, namely : Nancy J., wife of C. Crail, Lucinda, Corinne, Sarah E., George, Lucy, Margaret, Anna and an infant, deceased. Mr. Cooper as a farmer has risen from almost nothing to affluence. William H. Cooper, farmer, sec. 13 ; P. O., Ipava. Mr. C. was reared upon a farm and chose that as a life occupation. He was born. in this State Nov. 17, 1839 ; was married Oct. 22, 1863, to Mary E. Lindsey. Mrs. Cooper was born in Illinois Oct. 15, 1843. She has become the mother of 3 children by her marriage with Mr. C, only one of whom is now living, — Bertha E., born July 21, 1864. Lerew was born Dec. 1, 1872, died Aug. 28, 1872, and Ira M., born June 15, 1875, and died Jan. 6, 1879. Mr. C. is a member of the Christian Church. G. W. Councilman, farmer, sec. 15; P. O., Ipava; was born in Ohio March 1, 1849; came to Illinois in 1866; was married in this ¥ <>2 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 853 county in Sept., '73, to Margaret Buck. She was born in this State in '53. One child, Harry M., has been born to them. He was born Aug. 27, '75. Mr. C.'s chances for an education were quite limited, and he had no means with which to start in life, but by hard labor and good business management has acquired a good farm. S. Z. Councilman, farmer, sec. 16; P. O., Ipava; is the son of George and Emma Councilman, and was born in the Buckeye State on the 29th of Oct., 1839. During the late war he enlisted and went to do battle for his country. He served 18 months in Co. E, 43d Ohio Inf. Mr. C. was united in the holy bonds of matrimony with Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. Van Horn, of Ohio. Mrs. C. was born in that State in '42. They have 5 children, — George F., Benjamin M., Boly, Emma and Willie. /. D. Craig, blacksmith, Ipava, was born in Pennsylvania Oct. 27, '22; came to this State in '55; settled in Ipava in '77 ; June 4, '51, he married Edith Easley, who was born in Ohio in '27, and they have 4 children, — Melville, Madra, Stickley and Elizabeth.. Mr. Craig is a skilled workman at his trade. Jesse Cramblet, barber, Ipava, son of William and Elizabeth C, was born in Ohio July 26, '33 ; his father died when he was young, and he first became engineer, and in 1862 enlisted in Co. D, 84th 111. Inf. ; served 3 years ; was in battles of Perryville, Buzzard Boost, Franklin, Nashville and many others; was married in Ohio Oct. 6, '52, to Elizabeth Chicken, who was born in Ohio Nov. 24, 1834. John Danner, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 29 ; owns 268 acres of land, and a dwelling which cost $2,000; was born in York county, Pa., April 5, '39 ; his mother died when he was small, and his father emigrated with him to this State in 1850; in 1860 he married Ma tilda Trone, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1841, and they are the parents of 6 children, 4 of whom are living, — Jesse, Joseph, George, Charles ; deceased, — Littie and Willie. Daniel David, farmer. Mr. D. owns a fine farm adjoining the town of Ipava, and has his residence inside of the corporation. He was born in Ohio April 20, '26, and has followed farming all his life. He came to this State with his father who located in this county in 1833, being but 7 years old at the time. In 1849 he was married to Winifred Baker, who was born in 1833. She has borne him 6 children, 5 of whom are living: Miner, Reese, Francis M., Melinda and Ellen. Laura E. is deceased. /. W. David, Police Magistrate, Ipava, was born in this town in Oct. 3U, 1846." He began active life clerking in a dry-goods store, which occupation he followed for 10 or 12 years. He was united in marriage April 16, 1873, with Ella J. Coley. She was born in Ohio Oct. 6, '49. The union has been blessed with 3 children, — Vida, born Nov. 11, '74; Lloyd, born Nov. 25, '76, and Mable, born August 16, '78. Besides the office he holds at present Mr. D. has held the office of Town Clerk. 50 i 854 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. E. H. Diehl; P. O., Sumrnum; born in Bedford county, Penn., May 17, '48 ; emigrated to Fulton county, April 17, '65 ; was teacher and farm manager of St. Paul's Soldiers' Orphan Home, Butler, Penn., from Sept. 1, 1873 to Sept. 15, 1875; also, editor and proprietor of Blairstown (Iowa) Independent during the Centennial and presidential campaign of 1876; engaged at teaching and farming at present; is an active member of the A. O. U. W. and A. F. and A. M. John C. Dobbins, retired farmer, son of Robert P. and Catharine A., was born in Ohio March 27, '11 ; Capt. of militia in Ohio ; came to Illinois in 1836 and settled in this county; has been School Trustee and Director and Township Assessor, and connected with the U. G. R. R. In Ohio, in 1834, he married Hannah A. Miller, who was a native of that State. They have had 8 children ; the 4 boys who are living are Robert L., John C, Abler N. and David T. Mr. D. had 4 sons in the late war, and lost 2 of them there. He resides in Ipava. Joseph Elliott, sec. 34; farmer; P. O. Summum; born Nov. 16, 1844; in 1864 he enlisted in Co. D, 151st IU. Inf., and served 12 months; married in this county Feb. 14, 1870, Virginia Shelly, who was born in Virginia in 1848, and they are the parents of 3 children, — Lillie, Maggie and Adda. Mr. E.'s father was a native of New York and his mother of Ohio ; wife's parent's were natives of Virginia. He owns 240 acres of land. John France, farmer, sec. 29; born in Ohio May 10, 1807; has always been a farmer; came to this county in 1831, with no means, but has acquired a competence. He first married in Ohio, in 1825, choosing Maliua Cogan, also a native of Ohio, born in 1816; they had 9 children; 7 are living. In 1869 he married Lucy Brown. Mr. F. was in the Black Hawk war. Alexander Freeman, farmer, sec. 36; P. O., Summum; was born in Oneida Co., New York, Feb. 6, 1808, son of Richard W. and Abigail (Bowers), the former a native of New Hampshire and the latter of Connecticut. When 2 years of age he was brought with the family in emigration to Ohio, where he remained on a farm until 28 years of age, when he came with his father to Isabel town ship, this county ; followed carpentering for about 5 years, then re turned to farming. In 1830 he built a saw and flouring-mill on Spoon river ; was in the Black Hawk war ; in Lewistown, May 7, 1829, he married Mary Benson, who was born in Livingston Co., N. Y., Jan. 11, 1814, and they are the parents of 7 children, 4 of whom are living ; Marille C, who married A. E. Lane ; Malvina, who married A. C. Hatch ; Lorin, who died in the army ; Harriet, who also married A. E. Lane, and is deceased ; William A., Dexter and Mary L., who married John C. Moore, and is deceased. John Freiley, farmer, sec. 27 ; P. O., Summum. Until he reached his majority Mr. F. passed his life upon a farm, since which time he followed first one thing and then another until 9 years ago, when he again returned to farming, After leaving the farm he first worked HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 855 in a saw-mill for a time, then engaged in the dry -goods business for several years, then returned to the saw-mill business. He came to this State in 1834, and is the present Assessor for Pleasant town ship. In July, 1837, he was married to Mary Lane, who .was born in Ohio August 18, 1858. There has been a family of 9 children born to them, 7 of whom are living, — Edgar, Oscar, Grace, Flora, Jason, Lois, Zenas, Fannie and R-a. William J. Gillett, physician and surgeon, is a son of Samuel and Juda Gillett, and is a native of this State, and his birth occurred July 23, '41. The Doctor began the study of medicine in 1861 under the instruction of a brother in Chicago. He then read with Dr. Durant some 10 months, after which he attended lectures at the Iowa Medical Institute and graduated in 1868. He came to this county in 1865 and began the practice of his profession in Ipava in 1871, where he has enjoyed a liberal practice since and has been em inently successful. The Doctor also graduated from the St. Louis Medical College. On the 14th of June, '65, he was married to Martha E. Mitchell, a native of Illinois, in 1847. They have had a family of 6 children born to them, 5 of whom are living, — Emma, Willie F., Georgia A., Keitha, Mattie, deceased, and an infant. Dr. G. belongs both to the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders and is a member of the Christian Church. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. E, 17th 111. Inf., and served 3 years. Nathan Hulit, merchant, Ipava, was born in Ohio in 1836, reared on a farm, well educated, clerked in a store, came to this State in 1857, commenced mercantile business in Ipava in 1869, and has prospered well. In 1859 he married Cassandra Wysong, born in Ohio in 1839. Their three children are Mary, Laura and Stanley. Mr. Hulit carries $6,000 worth of stock in general merchandise, and also deals in produce. We give his portrait elsewhere in this volume. Matthew Kingery, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 36; P. O., Sum mum; was born in Indiana Feb. 19, '21, son of Tobias and Mary (Onion) Kingery. Mr. Kingery has always been an industrious farmer, commenced with but little means and now has a comfortable home, the farm consisting of 175 acres in good cultivation. He emigrated to Illinois with his mother in 1837, his father having previously died. Stephen Kinsey, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Ipava. To Richard and Sarah Kinsey, while residents of Ohio there was born a son upon the 1st of Nov., '21, whom they christened Stephen, the subject of this sketch. Until he reached his majority he passed life upon the farm, at which time he began the teaching of school and has taught steadily for about 8 years. He came to this township in 1 842, and has held many local offices of the township ; was married in 1848 to Phoebe Bogue, who was born in Ohio in 1828. They have 4 children living of a family of 8 born to them, — Daniel, Stewart, Eli and Joel, deceased, Jesse, Charles, Harry and Mary. 856 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Solomon Kost, proprietor of the Kost House, Ipava. Mr. K. is one of the most genial of landlords and for many years the Kost House has borne a good reputation. He was born in Pennsylvania Nov. 30, '27. At the age of 22 he learned the harness-making trade and continued to follow it at intervals until a few years ago. He came to the State in '47 and settled in this county. In July, '59, he was married to Martha M. Cheny, a native of Virginia, and born in 1832. They have a family of 3 children : William, Horace C. and Ora. John Lacy, farmer, sec. 4 ; P. O., Ipava. Mr. L. is one of the largest agriculturists in the county, owning 600 acres of fine farm land, worth $50 per acre. He was born in New York Jan. 28, 1804. He was reared upon a farm, and has continued to follow the life of a farmer, at which he has been very successful. He came to this county in 1837 where he has since resided. He was married in New York to Chloe Herd, who was born in that State in 1806. This union has resulted in the birth of 9 children, 5 of whom are living : Lyman, now Circuit Judge ; Harriet, wife of Charley John son ; Susan, wife of E. Porter, Table Grove ; John and Mary. Mr. L. has held the office of Supervisor. He is one of the pioneers of this county and has done his part toward changing it from a wild waste to a fruitful field. J. M. Landis, of the firm of Martin & Landis, grocers, Ipava, was born in Va., Sept. 26, 1843; attended college 2 years; came to this State in 1855, spent 3 years in McLean Co., then 8 years in Ohio, then 3 years in Iowa, and in 1876 settled in Ipava, where he followed fruit-packing 2 years; but in 1877 be commenced the gro cery business, which he has since continued. He edited the Ashland Union 4 years,' and the Dallas County (Iowa) News 2 years ; has been Town Clerk and member of Town Board ; is a R. A. Mason ; married Miss Pancoast in Va., Mar. 10, 1868, who was a native of Ohio, born in 1841 ; have had 3 children, 2 living, — Sada A., born Jan. 15, 1871 ; Margaret, July 7, 1873; James W. N. D. Lindsey, farnier, sec. 16; P. O., Ipava; born in this State Jan. 12, 1846, and reared on a farm, where educational opportuni ties were limited, but is able to calculate for himself; married Nancy J. Hughes in Feb., 1865, also a native of this State, born Jan., 1846, and they have 6 children, — Lowrada, Stephen E., Chas.', Alta M., Mary and Nathan D. Mr. L.'s father was a native of Ohio and came to Illinois in an early day. William A. Littleton, retired farmer. This gentleman was born in the Buckeye State Dec. 7, 1827, and is the son of Fielden and Anna Littleton. He has been engaged in agricultural pursuits all of his life until the last 8 years. He came to this State with his father in 1831 and located in Fulton Co. He moved to Missouri in 1856 and remained there until 1865 engaged in herding cattle. He then returned to this State. He was married in 1848 to Amanda J. Lindsey. Mrs. L. was born in Ohio in 1830, She has borne 5 i*«tV«V''£" ><0. ^ HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 859 children, 3 of whom are living, — Arthur J., Susannah E., the wife of N. T. Cooper, and Luella. Mr. L. began life with but little property, but by industry and economy has acquired a good prop erty. He is a member of the Christian Church. Wm. Mathews, retired farmer, P. O., Ipava ; was born in Mary land Sept. 2, 1808, son of Charles and Agnes M. ; came to this State in 1843; was married in Pennsylvania to Mary Hannum, a native of that State; they have had 16 children, 8 of whom are alive. Mr. M. had 3 sons in the late war at one time ; one died at Nash ville. Mr. Mathews has always been a farmer during active life. /. H Maxwell, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Ches ter Co., Pa., Feb. 17, 1817; passed his boyhood days upon a farm until he was 19 years of age, when he went to Philadelphia and learned the plastering trade, which he followed at intervals. He came to this State and settled upon his present farm in 1853. Mr. M. has also learned the art of working in what is called betony, by which process he has made many fine walks and pavements. He has been three times married : first in Ohio to Jane Campbell in 1840. His present wife is Elyddia Brown, who was born in Ohio. Joseph Mayall, insurance agent, son of James and Eliza (Shields), was born in Indiana Oct. 12, 1834; enlisted in 1861 in Co. C, 11th 111. Cav., aud served 7 mouths ; came to this State in 1862 ; Sept. 29, '64, married Alia Doisey, who was born in Virginia about 1843; they have had 8 children, 7 of whom are living, — Willard L., Dessa 8., Affa V., Arta M., Emanuel R., Emues C, Sada E. and Lima (dec). Christian Church. S. W. McCaslin, merchant, Ipava. Mr. McC. carries a large and well-selected stock of groceries and transacts a good business. He was born in Ohio March 6, '28 ; passed his boyhood upon a farm, and at the age of 16 began to learn the carpenter's trade, which he continued to follow until 1876, when he came to Ipava and embarked in the mercantile trade. He enlisted in the late war in Co. H, 25th Ohio Inf., and served 2 years'as Sergeant. He par ticipated in several hard-fought battles while in that company, and in 1864 enlisted in Co. D, 181st Ohio Inf., and was promoted to 1st Lieutenant. He came to Ipava in 1870; was married May 9, '50, in the Buckeye State, to Mary Brunker, who was born in that State Nov. 6, '28. Laura E. and Jesse are their children. /. L. McCune, banker and merchant, was born April 9, '34, in in Muskingum Co., O. ; his parents emigrated with him to Fulton county in 1837, settling near Lewistown ; at the age of 15 he enter ed the store of Beadles & Evans and worked there 2 years; then his father sent him to Muskingum College, Ohio, 1 year; clerked for several firms in Lewistown, commanding the highest wages; re turned to the college with the intention of finishing his scientific course, which he would have done in 10 months more, but had to come back and take charge of his father's business; since 1856 he has followed the dry-goods trade in Ipava ; also dealt in grain and 860 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. lumber ; besides, he has a good nursery in Buckheart tp. and is con nected with a bank in Ipava, established in 1876 ; he also deals in agricultural implements. Mr. McCune began in life with very lit tle, but by energy and fair dealing he has continued to prosper more and more until the present time. At first he vowed to give 10 per cent, ofhis income to benevolent purposes until he was worth $20,000, and then 15 per cent. He has kept his vow. For 7 years he has been Superintendent of the Sunday School. Aug. 28, '60, he married Martha E., daughter of Rev. E. Quillin, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Ipava. She was born July 9, '38, in Vir ginia. They have 6 children, — Henry G., Myron M., Mary E., Adelaide, Anna B. and James H. Mr. McCune's father was born in 1804 in W. Pa., and is now Probate Judge of Grundy Co., Mo. His mother's maiden name was Eliza Long, daughter of George LQng, a native of Pennsylvania. Mr. McC. is a member of the Presbyterian Church. The portrait of Mr. McCune and wife may be found in this volume. J. N. McLaren, blacksmith, was born in Illinois May 17, 1845; farmed until 18 years of age, since which time he has followed blacksmithing; came to Ipava in 1873; has been Constable two terms, member of the Town Board one term; in 1870, married Jennie Daw, who was born in 1851 ; has 3 children, 2 now living, — Daisy B. and Frank N. Enlisted in 1863, in Co. C, 151st 111. Inf., and served one year. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of the Christian Church. Horace McMullen is engaged in agricultural pursuits on the south west quarter of section 25, P. O., Otto. William Moorhouse, partner of Mr. Hess in the Ipava Fulling Mills. In this factory are employed 15 hands, and a good business is carried on. He was born in Pennsylvania Aug. 6, 1835 ; came to this State in 1867 and located in Ipava, and soon embarked in his present business. He is a thorough business man and owns one- third interest in the Canton Woolen Mills. His parents were natives of England, and his wife, Margaret Johnson, whom he married in New Jersey in 1859, was born in that State in 1839. They have a family of 3 children: Mary L., Anna E., and William H. Eli Paull, farmer, P. O., Ipava. The subject of this sketch is a son of James and Emily Paull, and was born in Ohio July 24, 1826. The opportunities enjoyed for an education were indeed meager. He came to this State and county in 1840, and has made this his home since. He has been twice married : first in Indiana in 1861, and in 1876 he was united in marriage with Martha E. Patterson, who was born in this State Sept. 4, 1844. They have one child. By his former wife he had a family of 3 children : Harry, Alva H., and Harriet E. Robert Paull was born in Va. Aug. 9, 1810; reared on a farm; arrived in this State Nov. 20, 1839; has been clerk in the County HISTORY OF. FULTON COUNTY. 861 Clerk's office and Justice of the Peace for many years, — the latte office ever since 1842; has been County Treasurer 5 years; mar ried Harriet Bidwell Sept. 28, 1836, who was born in Vt. Oct. 9 1817, and they have had 9 children, 7 of whom are living, — Frank, Mary, Estella, Sarah, Emma, Amelia and Mary; deceased — Ella and William. William Paull, farmer, sec. 18, Pleasant township. Mr. P. was born in Ohio Nov. 6, 1824; came to Illinois in 1848, and located in this county. The following year he was united in marriage with Bachel Cary, who was born in Kentucky in 1832. There were born to them 7 children, of whom Charley, James, Alice, Ida and William are living. Miranda and Mary E. are deceased. Henry Pavey, hardware merchant, Ipava, is a native of the Eng lish Isle and was born Feb. 15, 1820. He followed the occupation of farming until he was 27 years of age when he learned the car penter's trade, and which he followed at intervals until 1865, when he embarked in the hardware business at Ipava. For a time he was engaged in the manufacture of steam engines. He was united in marriage with Mary Tratt, who was also born in England. They have a family of 2 children : Sarah A. and Alice M. Samuel Porter, agriculturist, sec. 22 ; P. O., Ipava. Mr. P. was born in Ireland Sept. 28, 1840; crossed the Atlantic and came to America with his father in 1849. His father located in Ohio. In 1857 Samuel came to Fulton county and has made this his home since. He was reared upon the farm and has adopted that as a life profession. He has held several of the local offices of the township. June 20, 1860, he was married to Mary M. Gibson, who is a native of Illinois, having been born in this State in 1843. They are the parents of 8 children, 6 of whom are living: Elmer, Ada E., Choel B., Rillie A., Otis, G. H. Those deceased are Willie and Anna. L. Pratt, retired farmer, Ipava, was born in Vermont April 27, 1798; had a fair education; taught school about 25 terms of 6 months each; came to Illinois in 1,854; in 1824 married Sarah McMoinz; they had 11 children, 8 of whom are living; in 1859 he married Minerva Potter, who was born in New York in 1811. H. 0. Pratt, farmer and stock dealer, sec. 16 ; P. O., Ipava; born in Brown county, O., May 1, 1844; came to this State in 1850, and to this county in 1858 and settled where he now resides; enlisted in Co. B, 84th IU. Inf. Vol., in 1862, and served 2 years and 10 months ; was in the battle of Perryville and several other hard-fought battles ; married Laura A. Hannah in 1866, who was born in Kentucky in 1848 : they haye 4 children, — Charles E., Lanson, James and Frank. Rev. E. Quillin, Minister of the Presbyterian Church, son of Jas. and Martha Quillin, was born in Virginia March 30, 1808. He was reared,upon a farm, and his parents were poor ; hence his chances for an early education were very limited. After he reached his ma jority he attended Greenville College 2 years and attended Prince- 862 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ton Seminary 3 years. He began in the ministry in 1837. During that year he was married to Mary E. Hedges, who was born in New Jersey in Aug., 1808. They are the parents of 5 children : Martha E., wife of J. L. McCune, of Ipava; Laura E., Mary E., J. M. and Anna B. As a minister Rev. Q. possesses considerable ability and exerts great influence for good. We give his portrait. /. M. Rodman, station agent and operator, Ipava, is a son of Samuel and Mary R., born in Penn. Aug. 30, 1844; came to this State in 1865, settling in Adams Co.; came to Ipava in 1869; clerked in dry-goods store; was switchman at depot; commenced as telegraph operator in 1866; has been Village Trustee; in 1864 married Mary Hormick, who also was born in Pennsylvania; Min nie R. is their only child, born, June 12, 1865. Lewis Rouch was born in Maryland June 9, 1833; came to Illi nois in 1864; first married Tabitha Smith, in 1868, who was born in this State in 1841 ; they had 4 children, — Lewis E., Thomas, Nathaniel H. and Salina (dec.) ; then married Nancy Weese in 1866, who was born in Illinois in 1845. Mr. Rouch has always been a farmer, and now owns 80 acres of land worth $50 an acre. Reformed Church. P. O., Duncan's Mills. Kinzie Shields, farmer, sec. 36 ; was born in this county May 4, 1844, son of Kinzie and Katie Shields, natives of Indiana; enlisted in 1861 in Co. H, 3d 111. Cav., served 3 years; was in the battles of Vicksburg, Perryville, Mission Ridge, etc. ; in 1863 he re-en listed in Co. B, same regiment, and served one year ; was on the plains .to fight Indians. Oct. 25, 1867, he married Susan Kingery, who was born in this county in 1851 ; their 5 children are Laura, Etta Guy, Hattie V., Lucy J. and Hiram. Member of the Chris tian Church. G. W. T. Smith was born in Tennessee Oct. 19, 1821, son of Arthur and Christina Smith; has always followed farming; came to this State in 1834, settling in Pleasant tp. ; Sept. 7, 1844, he married Mary A. Bonnel, who was born in Indiana Dec. 3, 1839, and they have had 7 children, 4 of whom are living, — Christina, Mary J., Samuel, Henrietta: 3 children died in infancy. Mr. Smith is a well-to-do farmer on sec. 12. Methodist. P. O., Ipava. Robert Tratt, of Pavey & Tratt, dealers in hardware, Ipava. Mr. T. was born in England in May, 1836, and crossed the Atlantic for America in 1851, and first stopped in New York, where he re mained till 1857, and in 1863 located in Ipava and engaged in the hardware trade, and at present carries $6,000 worth of stock. May 16, '66, he was married to Carrie E. Stafford, who is a native of England, having been born in that country in 1846. There have been 2 children born to them, John W., deceased, and Freddie. Mr. T. has been President of the Town Board and held other local offices. John Vaughn, farmer, sec. 20 ; 200 acres ; P. O., Ipava ; Demo crat. Mr. V. was born in Virginia Oct. 2, '37 ; son of Joseph and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 863 Louisa Vaughn ; emigrated in 1840 to the place where he still re sides. Has been Road Commissioner two terms and School Direc tor 7 years. In 1857, in this State, he married Rebecca France, who was born in Illinois in July, '43, and they are the parents of 8 children, 6 now living, — George M., Mary E., Amanda J., Lillie A. D., Elizabeth and Fanny ; deceased, — Sarah and Charley. Martin Weaver, farmer, sec. 20 ; P. O., Ipava. Mr. W. was born in Germany May 15, '17, where he spent about one-half century of his life. In 1863 he crossed the Atlantic and came to America and located in Fulton- county. He came without means, but has accu mulated a nice farm property upon which he doubtless will pass the remainder of his life. His wife, Anna M. Shrader, was also born in Germany. They are the parents of 7 children, of whom one, Conrad, is deceased. Those living are Harmon, George, Henry, Maggie, Nicholas and Mary A. Both Mr. and Mrs. W. are mem bers of the Dunkard Church. John J. Weese, farmer, sec. 32; 65 acres; P. O., Summum; was born in Tennessee Nov. 14, '30, son of W. F. and Nancy Weese, both natives of Tennessee ; in '43 came to this county with an ox team; married here in '59, Miss Clara I. , who was born in this county in '43; they are the parents of 9 children, — May E., Wilson P., William J., John E., James A., Nancy J., Cary E., Joseph F. and Everett E. Pleasant Weese, sec. 28 ; P. O., Summum ; came with his father to this State in '42 ; in '64 he married Mary J. France, who was born in Illinois in '46 ; they have had 7 children, 3 of whom are living, — Oliver P., Emma J. and Archie; deceased — Lenna, Willie, Laura and Henry. Mr. Weese commenced with little, but is now in comfortable circumstances. H. H. Wileman, farmer, son of Jesse and Elyddia Wileman, was born in Ohio April 18, '26 ; came to this State with his father in 1840, when they had but little means, but has sinee accumulated a handsome amount of property. Nov. 25, '51, he married Mary Zull, who was born in Ohio in 1832; they have had 11 children, 9 of whom are living, — Laura, Angeline, Charles, Caruthers, Ed ward, Jesse, Ruth A., William and Cora B, and two infants de ceased. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a full and complete list of the Supervisors, Clerks, Assessors and Collectors serving in this township since its organization : SUPERVISORS. J.P.Montgomery 1850-52 W.M.Marshall 1863 John Lacy 1853-54 A. H. Smith 1864-65 James McCune 1855 S.P.Marshall 1866 J. P. Montgomery 1856-57 Solomon Strouse 1867 James Lovell 1858 S.P.Marshall 1868 William Phelps 1859 E. Bubcock 1869-71 James Montgomery 1860 S. P. Marshall 1872-79 William Babcock 1861-62 864 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWN CLERKS. R. C. Rowley 1850-51 Stephen Kinsey 1852 J. P.Montgomery 1853-54 Stephen Kinsey 1855-56 Chas. Babcock 1857 Stephen Kinsey 1858-60 Abner Beale 1861-63 0. Garwood 1864-65 Samuel Porter 1866 J. M. Isabel 1867 S. W. Durham 1868-69 P. A. Eay 1870-72 C. M. Salzenstein 1873 Robert Paull 1874-75 S. E. Carlin 1876 J. W. Landis 1877-78 J. D. Gamble 1879 ASSESSORS. Joseph Marshall 1850 Joseph Paull 1851 William David 1852 W. E. Montgomery 1853 Henry Hilton 1854 Houston Ramsey 1855 John Lacy 1856-57 Houston Ramsey 1858-59 Henry Babcock 1860 H. A. Babcock 1861 C. E. Babcock 1862 S. A.Rowley 1850 Joseph Paull 1851 V. M. Grewell 1852 James Lovell 1853 Hosea Parvin 1854 V. M. Grewell 1855 Houston Ramsey 1856 J. P. Farquar 1857 S. P. Marshall 1858 William David 1859 Solomon Strouse 1860 A. H. Smith 1861 S. P.Marshall : 1862 H. P. Kelley .. 1863 Joseph Beale v 1864 S. P. Marshall 1863 Amos Bricker 1864 Henry Babcock 1865 Lemuel Lindsey 1866 John Shuman.! 1867-71 William Babcock 1872-73 I. M. Van Horn i874-75 John Freiley 1876-77 Obed Garwood 1878 John Freiley 1879 COLLECTORS. Abraham Roberts 1865 C. E. Johnson 1866 Obed Garwood 1867 L. B. Lindsey 1868 J. H. Smith 1869 William Lovell 1870 J. M. Isabel 1871 Robert Paull 1872 Jacob Hart 1873 Wm. Walter 1874 John Freiley 1875 Obed. Garwood 1876 Samuel Porter 1877 Benj. Bidwell 1878 Abram Roberts 1879 PUTMAN TOWNSHIP. Of the 22,232 acres of land in Putman township, 9,397 are under cultivation. The total assessed valuation of the land in the town ship is $329,084. There are 789 horses, 1,559 cattle, 426 sheep, and 2,382 hogs in the township. It is a good agricultural township and is crossed by the T., P. & W. and O, B. & Q. Railroads, which afford excellent transportation facilities to market the produce raised and the coal mined. The township is well covered with timber and must have been pic turesque and romantic in its natural condition. Then, doubtless, the points of timber and the valleys must have been attractive re sorts for the red man. Even now, when dotted over with fields and houses and barns and lowing herds, its stillness broken by the rumbling of long, heavily-ladened trains of steam-drawn cars, one cannot help but admire the beauty of the scenery as presented by these groves. The township received its name in honor of its first settler, Mr. Beading Putman, who located upon the southeast quarter of sec. 2 in 1823. Embracing a good deal of timber land, as this township did, it soon attracted a liberal share of immigration, as it is a fact that all the pioneers sought the timber districts in which to locate their c aims, believing that it would be easier to make farms by grubbing and clearing the lands, than it would bcto reduce prairie land to farm tillage and remunerative returns. But as time ad vanced, and the later settlers were forced out upon the prairies and began to experiment upon them, the first settlers were made to real ize that they had made a somewhat costly mistake by selecting tim bered claims. They had been pitching brawn and muscle against nature ; for all that the prairies needed was to be tickled with the plow to make them yield living crops the first year and heavy', re munerative returns the second. Not many years rolled by after Mr. Putman had erected his cabin on section 2, before Stephen Strickland, John Holcomb, William Pearson, Hugh and Absalom Maxwell, Stephen Eveland, Seth Hil ton, Asel T. Ball, Salmon Sherwood, David Haacke, Elijah and William Putman, Asa and Samuel Mallory, Hirah Saunders, An drew Laswell and Levi Millard came in and improved farms. Messrs. Strickland, Holcomb and Pearson were all Regular, or " Hard-shell," Baptist ministers. 866 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Harvey L. Ross relates that he partook of bear meat at Andrew Laswell's which Mr. L. had killed in his ueighborhood. The first grist-mill was built by Jacob Ellis on Big creek, upon sec. 35, in 1824. This was the first mill in Fulton county. Mr. Ellis also had a cotton-gin here. Much of this article was culti vated in this county at an early day. The first marriage was sol emnized Feb. 20, 1825, the contracting parties being Asel T. Ball and Miss Rebecca Ellis. Seth Hilton was the first Justice of the Peace. He subsequently moved into Liverpool township and be came one of its first settlers. The first school was taught by Wm. Putman in a small log cabin on sec. 11. The first church was built at Centerville (now Cuba) in 1840, by a congregation of the Christian Church. It passed out of their hands and is now owned by the Methodist people. CUBA. This town is situated upon the northwest quarter of section 20, and is one of the oldest towns of the county. It is very pleasantly situated in the midst of a fine agricultural district, and is one of the leading places of the county at which coal is mined. Large quanti ties of coal are shipped from Cuba, and the mines situated northwest of the village are quite extensive. A small railway track is laid from the mines to the depot of the T., P. & W. Ry., a distance of over a mile. Coal is hauled in small cars by horses to the depot. Cuba is a good business point and contains several good stores, churches, school-houses, and many pleasant residences. In 1834 Ephraim Brown laid out a little town upon the northwest quarter of sec. 20 which he christened Middletown. Two years afterwards (Nov. 16, 1836) Joel Solomon, D. W. Vittum, Samuel Brooks and T. B. Coggswell, platted another town upon this section and gave it the name of Centerville. Two towns upon one quarter-section was too much, so they were consolidated and named Cuba. Cuba is on the line of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Ry., and about an equal distance from Canton and Lewistown. It is also on the line of the Fulton County Narrow-Gauge Ry., which runs from Fairview to Havana. Grading is now (fall of 1879) progressing finely upon this line, CIVER. Civer is a small station on the line of the T., P. & W. Ry. It is located on the northeast quarter of sec. 1 2, and about 7 miles from Cuba. There is a depot building, postoffice, store, shop, etc., here, but its close proximity to Canton will prevent it from becoming any great commercial center, or ever of local importance, although situ ated in the midst of a fine farming district. z<2\- 3 K •s ^ ~f \ 'y>7Ma^i HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 869 PERSONAL SKETCHES. We append as part of the history of the town and township : Silas J. Bantz. This gentleman lives upon sec. 12 ; P. O., Civer. Levi Bevard, farmer, sec' 2 ; P. O., Cuba. Levi is a son of Jacob and Anna (Buckley) Bevard ; was born in Licking county, O., in 1825. Eleven years later he was brought to this county. Mr. B. had very meager opportunities to gain an education. He used to work out by the month. He remembers working for Isaac Dowell at $7 per month, and also for A. C. Thomas at same figures. He now owns 240 acres of good land. He was married in the Buckeye State to Miss Bettie Newel, who has borne him 5 children. Susan, John and Jasper are living : one girl and one boy deceased. John Blackaby, farmer, carpenter, proprietor of a saw-mill, sec. 35; P. 0., Lewistown; was born in Licking Co., O., Feb. 18, 1829, and is the son of John and Polly (Golden) Blackaby. Mr. B. came to the county in 1854 and has since lived within 3 miles from where he does now. He built his saw-mill in May, 1856, and ran it suc cessfully for 15 years. He now owns 389 acres of land and has im proved all of his farm except 60 acres. In 1857, April 9, in Mc Donough Co., he was married to Sarah Brown, who was born Nov. 26, 1836. Their children number 7,— Luella May, Mary E., Velma, Estella, John T., Andrew Edson, David Dayton, and one deceased. John Bolton, merchant, Cuba. Mr. B. was born in England Feb. 19, '05, and is of Scotcb and English descent, his mother being a native of Scotland and his father of England. He came to this county in 1844. He attended the common schools, and prepared himself for the ministry and has preached the Gospel for 40 years, 17 years in England. He is at present conducting a boot and shoe and general store. He is a member of the M. E. Church. In 1826, while in England, he married Margaret Brown. They have 4 sons and daughters living and all married, out of a family of 10 children born to them. George H. Boynton, commercial traveler, was born in Fulton Co. in 1845, and is the son of Albert and Nancy Boynton. Mr. B. at tended the common schools, Buffalo public schools and Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College, Chicago. July 6, '62, he enlisted in 17th TJ. S. Inf., regular service, and took part in 16 battles, and was taken prisoner at Peable's farm. He was united in marriage with Sarah Rising July 11, 1877. They reside in Chicago. C. F. Bump, farmer, sec. 14; P. O., Civer. _ Mr. B. was born in the Empire State in 1829. His parents, Herman and Ziphia (Fuller) Bump, were natives of the same State, where they died. Mr. B. came to this State in 1848, and since 1850 has resided in Fulton Co. He was united in marriage in New York State with Anna Maria Foote, a native of that State and born in 1832. Mr. B. has led a quiet, peaceable life, and in his business has been mod- .erately successful. His residence is on sec. 14; postoffice, Civer. 870 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mrs. Henry Clayburg was born in Richland Co., O., Sept. 5, '20, and is the daughter of Simon Peter and Eve (Harpster) Kesler. S^ie attended the common schools in Ohio, where she secured her education.. She was united in marriage with Henry Clayburg in 1841, and 10 years later they came to Fulton Co. They had born to them 3 sons, of whom are living John and James. Charlie, the oldest child, died when 22 months old. Her husband's occupation was that of a farmer, and sbe resides on sec. 11. Mr. C. died in 1863. Mrs. C.'s postoffice address is Cuba. A. Oruisen, harness and shoemaker, Cuba, was born in Hanover township, Licking Co., O., July 11, '23, and is the son of Francis and Catherine (Ryne) Cruisen, of Pennsylvania. In 1849 he came to this county, where he engaged in farming. This occupation he was compelled to abandon on account of being afflicted with rheumatism, which he did in 1854. Jan. 6, '46, he was married to Nancy Irwin, who bore him 3 children. She died Nov. 25, '55. He was united iu marriage the second time March 16, '57, with Sarah Wheeler, daughter of an old settler. She is a member of the Christian Church. Henry De Graff, barber, Cuba; was born at Saratoga Springs, N. Y., Jan. 15, '43, and is the son of Joseph and Catharine (Hews) De Graff, of New York. He first came to this county in 1847, was taken to Iowa and returned in 1850, since which time this has been his home. He also is a blacksmith by trade, as well as a barber. He has worked at the former trade with his father, who was also a blacksmith. He enlisted in the 103d 111. Inf. Oct. 2, '62, under Capt. Vandevander, of Canton. Was mustered out July 5, '66, at Chicago. He took part in every engagement his company did save one. He married Miss Nancy Hasty Aug. 16, '66. Margaret Ellen and Mattie Viola are their 2 children. George W. Downs, farmer, sec. 13; P. O., Civer; came to this county in 1857 at the age of 8 years, and was educated in the com mon schools of this county. He was born in Knox county, O., Sept. 20, '49, and is the son of Theophilus and Catharine (Mans field) Downs. His father was a native of Maryland, and died here on the farm in 1870, and his mother was born in the Buckeye State. George was married in Lewistown on the 9th of Oct., 1873, to Sarah O. Bryant. Their only child is named Charles Franklin. ¦ Harriet Efnor. — This lady resides upon sec. 8, upon the fine estate of the late George Efnor. P. O. address, Cuba. John H. Emry was born in Joshua township, this county, in 1841, Dec. 25, and was a Christmas present to his parents, David F. and Catharine (Alms) Emry, who were married on New Year's Day of that year. His father was from Ohio and his mother a native of Pennsylvania. They reside in Canton township. At the outbreak of the war Mr. E. enlisted in the 67th 111. Inf. and was discharged at Camp Douglas in Oct., '62. On the 4th of Dec, '67, in Canton, he was married to Harriet E. Vaughan, who was born May 27, '45. • HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 871 They have a family of 6 children : Effie, Daisy, Rosa, Frank Lee, Ralph and the baby. Mr. E. resides on sec. 1 ; P. O., Civer. P. W. Gallager, attorney at law, Cuba, was a native of Liver pool, England, where he was born July 1, 1852; parents were Wm. and Mary (Rifferty) Gallager, the first a native of County Mayo, the last of County Roscommon, Ireland. They came to the United States in 1854, bringing a family of two children, locating the same year at Canton this county. The subject of this sketch obtained his education in the Canton high school; in 1868 he went into the office of the Canton Ledger to learn the printing business, remaining there about three years ; he then commenced the study of law in the office of J. L. Murphy, Esq., of Canton ; read law for five years ; while studying law he taught school for 4 terms in this county ; was in 1873 elected Police Magistrate of Canton, to fill a vacancy; served two years; then was elected Justice of the Peace; Sept. 18, '75, he was admitted to the Bar by the Supreme Court, then in ses sion at Ottawa ; has been located at Cuba for the past four years. Mr. G. has probably as large a practice as any lawyer of his age in the county, having been unusually successful. We give bis portrait. John George, farmer. Mr. G. came to the county inS 1854 and settled on sec. 10, Putman township, and resides there to the present time. He was born in Brooke county, W. Va., June 16, '31. His parents, Thomas and Sarah (McCamant) George, died in this county. Mr. G. enlisted in the 7th 111. Cav. under Capt. Herring, in 1862; served till July, '65. His wife, Henrietta Fanning, was born in this county on the 6th day of Nov., '47. They were married in this township Sept. 25, '73. Harry, born July 25, '75, and Mary, born Sept. 8, '77, are their children. Mr. G.'s P. O. is Civer. Sumner L. Gorham, farmer, sec. 24; P. O., Civer. Among those who did valiant service for his country in the hour of her great peril was the subject of this sketch. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. E, 103d 111. Inf., under Capt. F. C. Post and served till July 1, '65. He participated in every battle his regiment did and did not receive a scratch. He was never in a hospital and was not away from his regi ment a day during the 3 years. Mr. G. was born in Ashland county, 0., Oct. 31, '43, and is the son of Nathan and Roxana (Charlton) Gorham, of the Bay State, both of whom are living in this township. In 1868 Mr. G. was married to Susanna McCrary, a native of Ful ton county, and who was born in 1851. Their children are Addie, born in 1869, and Fannie, born in 1871. Francis M. Grigsby, brickmaker, Cuba, was born near Lewistown, this county, June 19, 1840. His mother, Dorcas Grigsby, nee Col lins, was a native of Ohio, and his father, William Grigsby, was born in Kentucky. Francis attended the country schools, and also the seminary at Lewistown. He has engaged in farming and also in the mercantile business. In 1861, July 21, he enlisted in Co. F, 8th 111. Inf., and participated in all of the battles the noble 8th did save one. He is a Justice of the Peace. He was married Oct. 3, 872 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1870, to Josephine Davett. Grace, born Oct. 16, 1873, is their only child. Both he and his wife belong to the M. E. Church. Mr. G. is an active member in the Order of United Workmen, and in the I. O. of O. F. J. W. Harper. During the dark days of our country, when our flag was assailed by traitor hands, J. W. Harper shouldered his musket and went to the front. He served for 3 years in Co. K, 103rd 111. Inf., and was in all the battles the regiment participated in except one, when he was sick. Mr. H. was born in Licking Co., O., May 12, 1843. His father, Andrew Harper, was a native of the Keystone State, and at present lives in Iowa. His mother, Sarah Ann Laws, died in 1854 or '55. J. W. was brought to this county in, 1849 and has since lived here. He was never sued, nor did he ever sue a man ; was never on the witness stand, never was on a jury and never held an office. He is engaged in farming on sec. 11, P. O., Civer. Stephen Hayden, farmer, sec. 15; P. O., Civer; was born in the Empire State April 15, 1840, and is the son of Nathaniel and Sarah Hayden. At the age of 4 years he was brought to this county, where in the subscription and common schools he received his edu cation. He enlisted in the 155th 111. Inf. in 1865, and was dis charged at Springfield in 1866. He was Corporal and promoted to Sergeant. He has filled several local offices. He was married to Oes Fanning in 1869. Austin H., born July 4, 1869, is their only child. Mrs. H. is a member of the Presbyterian Church. /. H. Heller was born in Ohio Dec. 1, 1815. His father, John Heller, was a native of the Keystone State, while his mother, Balenda Heller, nee Vanauker, was born in New Jersey. Mr. H. came to this county in 1835 and settled upon section 19 of Putman township. He owns 461 acres of land, and his children attend to his farms while he resides in town, clerking. Mr. H. does not exact any rent from them other than to pay the taxes and keep the improvements up. He gained his education principally in the State of Ohio in the log school-house, seated upon slab benches. When he came to the township he thinks its population was not over 100. He has held about all of the local offices, serving in some for many years. In Jan., 1839, he was married to Hannah Baughman. Only 3 of the 6 children she has borne are living : Elizabeth., Daniel and Cyrus. Joseph R. Herring, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Civer; was born Aug. 27, 1819, at Baltimore, Md. ; parents were Thomas and Hannah (Burnett) Herring. His father was accidentally killed at sea. He was first mate of the vessel upon which he lost his life. His mother died in Maryland. Joseph R. came to this State in 1835, and has lived on his present farm ever since. He enlisted in Co. K, 7th 111. Cav., in 1861, as Lieut. ; was promoted to Captain and Major. He was wounded in the battle of Corinth, and again in the battle near Summerville, Tenn., and, singularly, was wounded in the same HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 875 place — in the left arm — both times. In 1846 he was united in marriage with Margaret Moran, who was born in Maryland in 1815. Their children are Hannah, Nelson, Josephine and Maggie. Mr. H. owns 490 acres of land, 150 acres of which he has improved himself. We give the portraits of the Major and wife. Jacob Mowery, farmer, sec. 19 ; P. O., CJuba. Mr. M. is a native of the grand old Keystone State, having been born there Dec. 28, 1810; is the son of Peter and Polly (Shover) Mowery. Mr. M. at tended school in the old log school-house in his native State. He landed in this county in June of 1838. He learned the black smithing trade, working 3 years as an apprentice. In 1841 all of his tools were sold by the Constable to pay a security debt. He has met with success since, however, and is now the possessor of 600 acres of land. He was married Dec. 20, 1843. His children number 4: Elizabeth Ellen, America, Mahlon and Judia Caroline. We give Mr. M.'s portrait. Elder Solomon Neff was born in 1814 in Virginia, and is the son of Christian and Anna (Hamaker) Neff. He attended the common schools and also a college of Ohio. Elder Neff is a minister of the Missionary Baptist Church ; he is traveling in that capacity at present. He has been preaching the Gospel with success for 41 years, and has organized several Churches and Sunday-schools in the State of Ills. He was pastor of the Pleasant Grove Church (south of Cuba) for 14 years, and for 13 years(held pastorate over a Church in Ashland Co., O. He has been Town Clerk of Putman and Su pervisor of Cass township : He was married to Alletha Bailey May 23, 1838, who bore him 6 children, 5 of whom are living all are married and 4 living in Fulton Co. The Elder is a self-sacrificing worker for the Master's cause. P. O., Cuba. B. Newton was born in this tp. Jan. 26, 1842, son of Dr. Charles and Mahala (Louderback), natives of Ct. and Penn., respectively. The subject of this paragraph was educated in the common school ; Aug. 19, 1860,*he married Phcebe Barkley, and now has 4 children, all living. He is a farmer on sec. 14, has been successful, and now owns 60 acres. In 1862 he enlisted in the 70th 111. Inf., and re- enlisted in 1864 in the 148th ; was Corporal. Since the war he has been School Director and Constable. Isaac Newton, farmer and stock-dealer, sec. 1 1 ; is the son of Charles and Mahala (Louderback) Newton, and was born in Put man tp., Aug. 14, 1836, and has never lived 3 miles from where he lives now. His father died about 20 years ago and his mother lives in Canton. In 1864 Mr. N. was drafted to serve in the war, but hired a substitute whom he gave $1,000 to take his place. He was united in marriage with Rebecca Cluts at Bernadotte, this county. There has been born to them 5 sons and 2 daughters : Charles J., Phebe, Caroline, deceased, A. Lincoln, Frank, Oliver and John. Daniel Oviatt. One of the oldest settlers of the county is our present subject. He was born in Ohio Oct. 18, 1817, and came to 51 -876 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Fulton Co. in 1831 and has lived here since. His father, Elisha was a native of New York and died in this county Oct. 16, 1847 aged 58 years. His mother died here in 1873. Daniel enlisted in Co. E, 103d 111: Inf., in 1862 and served till 1865. He was wounded at the battle of Mission Ridge. There was but one house between where he lives and Canton when he settled there nearly a half century ago. He resides on sec, 3, engaged in farming; P. 0., Civer. H. C. Owen was born in Orange Co., N. Y., Aug. 24, '25, and is the son of John and Caroline (Horten) Owen. Mr. O. came into Adams Co., 111., in 1837, and to this county in 1849. He learned the cooper's trade with his father and for many years work ed at it, but during the past 11 years he has been engaged in farm ing. Mr. O. took part in the Mormon war of 1846. On Christ mas of 1852 he received as a present the hand of Miss Margaret Duryea in marriage. Jenette, Charles, Juline and Abraham are the names of their children. Mr. O. is a member of the M. E. Church. P. O., Cuba. G. S. Pittman, farmer, sec. 24 ; P. O., Civer ; was born in Ful ton, Penn., Nov. 25, '47, son of John and Caroline M. (Ayers), also natives of Pennsylvania; came to Fulton Co. in 1858; educated in a common school here ; has 80 acres of land, and' as a farmer has been moderately successful; has been Justice of the Peace; is a Democrat, and a member of the U. B. Church ; married March 5, '74, and his children are : Charles M., who died Dec. 5, 1876, and Kate L. John Pittman. There was born to Mary (Sipe) and Bichard Pitt man, while living in Bedford Co., Pa., and on Nov. 12, 1821, a son, the subject of this sketch. His parents were natives of the Keystone State. He came to Ohio in the fall of 1853 and to Ful ton Co. in 1857, and has since resided here. He has served as School Director 14 years, and Constable, Justice of the Peace, Com missioner of Highways and Supervisor. Mr. P. neVer subscribed but for one book in his life, that the History of Fulton Co., 111. He was married Aug. 27, '44, in Fulton Co., Pa. He married his second wife, Elizabeth Kimes, in Putman tp., Fulton Co., 111., April 9, '65. He has 4 children. Mr. P. is engaged in farming on sec. 13 and owns 240 acres. P. O., Civer. Charles Putman. Of the numerous members of this time-honor ed family, Charles is engaged in agricultural pursuits upon sec. 1 ; P. O., Civer. Francis Putman was born in Putman township, Fulton Co., Oct. 27, '37. His parents, Harrison and Malinda (Fouts) Putman, now reside in Canton. Francis enlisted in the 7th 111. Cav. at Peoria Aug. 20, '62, discharged July 12, '65. He was with Capt. Herring when he was wounded the last time ; was also on Grierson's famous raid, and on detached duty twice for a short time. In February, 1866, at Canton, he was united in marriage with Clara Sanders, who HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 877 was born Feb. 25, '42. They have a family of 1 boy and 3 girls, — Flora, Fannie, Mary Bell and Harrison C. George C. Putman, farmer, sec. 23 ; P. O., Civer. G. C. Put man, son of Reading and Stacy (Combs) Putman, was born in Im- diana Oct. 3, '14. In 1821 he was brought to this county, where, in the primitive schools of pioneer times, he obtained his education. He has held local offices, and in 1834 was married to Charlotte. Crosthwait, who bore him 10 children, — 8 boys and 2 girls, — 7 of whom are living. Three of the sons are dead, one of them being killed in the army. W. K. Sanders, farmer, sec. 15; P. O. ; Civer; was born in this township Jan. 7, '52, son of Augustus H. and Martha J. (Brush), father a native of New York and mother of Missouri ; father came to this county in 1832. In 1877 Mr. W. K. Sanders married, Alice Sanders, and their children are Laura, born July 23, '78, and Fred., Aug. 26, '79. Mr. S. is a Democrat, and as a farmer has been moderately successful. Velorus Smith, farmer and teamster, sec. 21 ; P. O., Cuba. Mr. Smith stepped forward to defend his country in hours of danger, — when she was assailed by rebel hands. He enlisted in ,Co. D, 70th 111. Inf., in 1762, and served till close of term.. He was born^in Union Co., O., Feb. 28, 1842, and is the son of William and Mary — Thomas — Smith. He received his education in Delaware, 0. In 1869 was married to Martha Laswell. AU the children given them — 4 boys and one girl — are living. Mrs. S. is a member of the Christian Church. Eli B. Stevenson is worthy a notice in a work like this. He was born in Boss Co., O., July 20, 1833, and was brought to this county 5 years later, where he has continued to reside. His father and mother were John and Catherine — Black — Stevenson, of Mary land. Mr. S. was married in '56, Oct. 30th, at Cuba, to Miss Ellen Waldron, who was born in Warren Co., 111., in 1840. He is an active member of the M. E. Church. He is one . of the Trustees and Steward, and has served as Superintendent of the Sunday- school. Mr. S. has a nice farm on sec. 36, which he and his. good wife have made themselves. When they settled there it was in a wilderness. P. O., Bryant. John Still is a native of Germany and came to this county in '50, and has resided here since. He was born on the 2d of Feb., '27. His parents were John and Mary Still, Germans. John learned to speak English at Sunday-school. He first learned cabinet-making and carpentering, but is now farming, and owns 2 farms, both of which he made by his own exertion. He was joined in matrimony with Rebacca Bay, a native of Ireland, who was born in the year 1828. They are the parents of 3 children : Arthur, Reson, John and William D. His postoffice is Civer. D. Stirrat, merchant, Cuba, was born in Scotland, Feb. 23, '36, and is the son of James and Kate Stirrat, Ae came into this 878 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. county in '65, and has engaged largely in coal-mining and has his coal works at Cuba, where, besides this interest and running a gen eral store, he owns the hotel of the place. He was married in '58, and has 2 children, — Elizabeth and James. Mr. S. has succeeded in life by his own personal exertions and energy. John Stockbarger, farmer, sec. 16 ; P. O., Cuba, was born in Penn sylvania on the 29th of Aug., 1811, and is the son of Michael and Catharine Stockbarger. He came to this county in 1856. He has been exceedingly unfortunate in meeting with accidents. Aug. 20, 1872, he was run over by the cars, breaking an arm and a leg. Again in 1878 he was run over. In 1844 he was united in mar riage to Ma'ry Watson, who bore him 7 children — 4 boys and 3 girls, all living, and 3 of them are married. Milburne Swearingen. This gentleman is engaged in agricultural pursuits ou sec. 8. P. O., Cuba. Jonathan M. Thomas, retired farmer, Cuba, was born in Sanga mon Co., 111., Feb. 10, 1836. His parents, Nathan and Sarah (Lott) Thomas, were natives of Kentucky. Jonathan was brought to Fulton Co. in March of the year of his birth. Here he received such learning as the schools of his boyhood afforded. He has held ma^iy of the local official positions, and in 1857, Aug. 21, he was mar ried. Hattie M., born July 30, 1860,*is the only living one of 3 children. He attends the United Brethren Church. Berintha Thompson, relict of A. C. Thompson, whom she married in Sept. 1834, and who died Sept. 15, 1863.' There were born to them 11 children, 8 of whom are living, — 3 boys and 5. girls. Mrs. T. was born in Yates Co., N. Y., and is the daughter of Allen and Eagleton . Mrs. T. has proven herself to be a woman possessing unusual business capacities. For 16 years she has man aged a large farm consisting of 322 acres at present. She has pur chased 320 acres of land since she has been a widow. P. O. address, Canton. y J. E. Turner, farmer, sec. 12 ; P. O. Civer. On the 3d day of June, 1840, in Putman tp., the subject of this sketch was born to Samuel and Sarah (Brooking) Turner. His father died in this Co. in 1867 and his mother in 1870. His father came from New York to Illinois in 1835. Mr. T. was educated in the common schools of this county and has held several of the local offices. He has a finely-improved farm, well drained with tiling. Oct. 6, 1863, he was united in marriage with Mary A. Turner, who was born June 3, 1844. The birthday anniversary of both himself and wife oc cur on the same day. Henry, Carrie, Carroll and Sadie are their children. James K. Welch, M. D., Cuba, whose portrait we give in this book, was born in Nelson Co.; Ky., Sept. 4, 1845, and is the son of James W. and Mary (Swazey) Welch, both of Kentucky'. His father died.July 27, 1878, in McDonough Co., 111. ; his mother at the same place in 1859, Dr, W, was brought into the State at the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 879 age of 3 years, and was educated at Blandinsville. He received his professional education at the Iowa Medical University, graduating in 1865, and June of the following ^ear located at Cuba and has continued in practice to the present. He served as President of the Town Board, and was in the hospital service 8 months. His first wife was Hulinda Clayberry, the' mother of 2 of his girls. She died Sept. 23, 1874. He married E. E. Wilson, Feb. 21, 1878. They have one child, a son. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a list of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. H. S. Hvatt 1850-51 Wilson Bolen 1852 John Riley 1853 Jesse Burr 1854 Absalom Maxwell 1855 W. N. Cline 1856 58 Alex. Hull 1859 Absalom Maxwell 1860 Geo. Efnor 1861-62 H. S. Hyatt 1863-66 Inman Blackaby 1867-69 Albert TJ. Birch 1870 T. J. Peirsol 1871 Simon C. Burbridge 1872 Daniel Heller 1873 H. 0. Berrv 1874 A. S. Fuller 1875-76 John Pittman 1877-78 Inman Blackaby 1879 TOWN CLERKS. W. N. Cline 1850-55 Jos. T. Warner 1856 Solomon Neff. 1857 J. W.Hall 1858 Albertis Nickell 18 9 William Morgan 1860 M. C. Stoner 1861 Albertis Nickell 1862 J. K. Harmison 1863-67 P. H. Snively 1868 T.J. Peirsol 1869 John W. Bowen 1870 John M. Heller 1871 Joseph Harmison 1872-74 H. M. Smith 1875 Stephen Call 1876-78 Cyrus Heller 1879 ASSESSORS. A. Nickell 1850 JR. Herring 1851 A. Nickell 1852-53 JR. Herring 1854 ¦W. B. Mesler 1856 J. H. Heller 1857-58 H. Putman 1859 J. H. Heller 1860-66 Wm. Clayberg.. 1867 J. H. Heller 1868-69 James George 1870 Francis Putman 1871 John Pittman 1872-73 Inman Blackaby 1874 J.'C. Cline 1875 J. H. Heller 1876-77 Joseph Harmison 1878-79 I COLLECTORS. T. J. Walters .,; 1850-51 A. Nickell »... 1852 H. Wright 1856 William Belford 1857 J. H. Heller 1858-60 R C.Thomas 1861 J. H. Heller 1862 A H.Saunders 1863 T.J. Walters 1864 Inman Blackaby 1865 J. H. .Heller 1866 J. C. Cline 1867 Alex. Shaw 1869 Simon P.Henry 1870 Isaac Porter 1871 J. M. Heller 1872 Samuel Clayberg 1873 S. L. Gorham 1874 J. C. Hedrick 1875 Ira Porter 1876-77 J.J. Mosher 1878 J. E. Turner 1879 UNION TOWNSHIP. Union township was first settled by Robert Grant, Isaac Hulick and a Mr. Betson, who located in 1829 on section 12, near where the ancient town of Troy stood. Job Babbitt settled on the same section in 1831. The first Justice was James Ogden. Rev. Mr. Betson preached the first sermon. Melinda Babbitt was baptized at Troy in 1832, which was the first baptism in the township, and also the first in Cedar creek. The first married was John Bogers to Miss Taylor. Mary Ogden was the first child born in the town ship, The first death was a son of Rev. Mr. Betson. Among the early pioneers who settled in this township prior to 1838 were Rev. Richard Haney, Stephen Tompkins, Job Babbitt, John Gal- let, and others. Jonathan Babbitt is the oldest pioneer now living in the township. The first school in Union township was taught by John Parkerson in 1836, in old St. Augustine. The first mill was built by Nathaniel B. Childs in 1833. For further history, see his tory of Avon, biographies, sketch of the Churches, etc. TROY. The town of Troy was founded by Nathaniel B Childs, in 1833. It was a prosperous town in the days of ox carts and mule teams, but has mouldered away since the advent of railroads in Fulton county. ST, AUGUSTINE. This village was founded in 1836 by Smith and Mattmgla. It was an enterprising little town, but there being no suitable place for a depot, new St. Augustine was founded near by in Knox county, on the completion of the C, B. & Q. Railroad, and like many other once fortunate places old St. Augustine is one of the towns of the past. AVON. This lovely little village is situated in the western part of Union township, on the C, B. & Q. Railroad, and was founded March 5, 1854, by R. Woods, O. H. Woods and D. N. Wright, and now has a population of about one thousand inhabitants. The town of Avon was chartered March 8, 1867, by a special act of the Legislature, and the first corporate election was held the same year, at which the following officers were elected: D. H. Small, President; J. L. Coe, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 881 L. H. Hewett, A. J. Churchill, and M. R. Gutridge, Trustees; Simon Stevens, Police Magistrate ; J. W. Frampton, Clerk. The first name of the town was Woodville, but in 1843 an application was made for a postoffice, and as there was an office of that name in Adams county, the town and office were changed to Woodstock, On April 4, 1852, the Postmaster General, James Campbell, changed the name to Avon, as the county seat of McHenry county had also the name of Woodstock. The first postmaster was Stephen Tomp kins, who held the office 7 years. It is said that he at first kept the postoffice in his hat, so that he would not have to leave his work when any person called for mail, as he was a shoemaker, and was very busy. Mr. Tompkins is the oldest merchant in Avon ; commenced busi ness in 1839, and has been engaged in business ever since, with the exception of one year. In 1865 he took his son, A. B. Tompkins, in partnership with him, since which time the firm was known as S. Tompkins & Son, until January, 1878, when they took another son into the firm, and is known now as S. Tompkins & Sons. For sketch of other leading business men of Avon, see biog raphies. The Avon District Agricultural Board was organized under the corporate name of the " Avon Agricultural Society," Oct. 11, 1872, with the following officers, viz: L. F. Ross, President; D. H. Gorham and John Woods, Vice Presidents; H. V. D. Woods, James Lockwood, O. Crissey, Geo. L. Snapp, L. H. Hewett, R. A. Saunders, John A. Butler, A. A. Mailliard, W. J. R. Fennessy, J. B. Hatch, and Wm. J. Austin, Directors; A. B. Tompkins, Treas urer, and A. J, Churchill, Secretary. The present officers are, D. H. Gorham, President ; O. Chatterton, J. B. Hatch, S. Tompkins, and L. M. Green, Vice Presidents ; Treasurer, O. J. Beam ; Secre tary, A. J. Churchill. Authorized capital, $10,000. One of the leading features of this society, is that it offers two classes of premiums, one to the general public, and one to the stock holders of the society. In the early part of its history the society maintained monthly stock sales, when all the farmers could bring stock, farming implements, etc., and sell them at auction, the com pany employing the auctioneer. It had held eight annual fairs, each with considerable profit to the stockholders. THE SCHOOL. 'The first school in Avon was taught in 1840, in a small house near the present residence of E. D. Mailliard; the teacher was Charles Davis. The first school-house built is the present resi dence of A. J. Churchill. The present structure was erected in 1857, and is a two-story brick, with four rooms, and cost about $6,000. The first teacher in this building was Henry Stump. The Avon schools have reached a high degree of excellence, through 882 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the wise management of ex-Principal Leroy S. Bates, who is now in Lewistown, 111., where he has a larger field of labor. CHURCHES. First M. E. Church — Organized 1849 by Rev. Uri J. Giddings, with a membership of six, viz : D. N. Wright, Mrs. E. Wright, Mrs. Hannah Wright, Joseph Mings, Mrs. Mings, and Mrs. A. Stout. The first house of worship was built by this society in 1857, at a cost of $7,000, „and is the largest edifice in town. The corner-stone was laid by Rev. Richard Haney, one of the pioneers of Union township. Through death and removals this society has grown so weak that public services are ndt held at present (1879). First Congregational Church. — Organized Nov., 1855, with 8 mem bers, by Rev. L. H. Parker, Rev. Samuel Dilley and Deacon E. G. Roe. Dec. 1 of the same year Stephen Goodspeed was elected Deacon for two years and G. A. Marsh for one year. Church edi fice erected in 1861. This organization sprang from the First Con gregational Church of Virgil in Lee township, which removed to Prairie City about the year '58, and changed its name to First Con gregational Church of Prairie City. Communicants 29. Services every Sabbath by Rev. A. P. Loomis, Pastor. First Baptist Church. — Organized July 9, '64 ; bought a house in 1865, in which they have worshiped until the present. At one time this organization was the strongest Church in the village; but by death and removals it has been reduced t'o the small number of 36. Sabbath-school every Sabbath at 10 A. M. ; services every Sabbath at 3 p. M. by Rev. William Sturgeon, Pastor. First Universalist C/mrcA.-— Organized Jan. 18, '69; church edi fice erected in 1869; Sabbath-school every Sabbath at 12 m. ; ser vices each alternate Sabbath at 10 :30 A. M. by~Rev. B. N. Wiles, Pastor. Communicants, 66. Avon Catholic Church. — Organized in the summer of 1871, when a church edifice was also erected. Communicants about 150. Ser vices every 3 weeks by Father Riley, Pastor. FACTORIES.- The Paragon Mills were erected in the spring of 1875 by Garret Van Winkle as a planing mill, and was converted into a grist-mill in 1877. To this in the spring of 1879 was added a tile and brick factory, both of which are being operated with success. The Bardolph Fire-Clay Works, of Avon, were erected by Morey & Ullery in 1877. Capacity, 60,000 tile per month. PERSONAL SKETCHES. Nicholas H. Ackerman, proprietor of the Ackerman House, Avon, was born in Bergen Co., N. J., Aug. 11, 1829, and is the son of Cornelius and Elizabeth (Yeoman) Ackerman ; the former is liv- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 885 ing with his son at Avon at the age of 90 years. He reads every day without the aid of glasses, and is very active and healthy. Mr. A. was educated in the common schools of New Jersey. Oct. 23, '49, he was united in marriage with Mary E. Winters, by whom he had 4 boys, 2 of whom, Charles and Harry, are living. Mrs. A.'s grandmother, Winters, is living in Newark, N. J., at the age of 100 years. David J. Austin, son of Elwell E. Austin, was born in the town of Gouverneur, N. Y., Dec. 20, '20 ; removed to Mount Sterling, Brown Co., 111., in 1850, and the following year came to this county. He has been twice appointed Postmaster, and twice elected to the office of Collector; was married June 12, '43, to Nancy C. Smith, by whom he had 4 children, 3 of whom are living. They are mem bers of the Missionary Baptist Church of Avon, and are zealous workers in the Master's cause. He has driven a huxter wagon for 14 years. P. O., Avon. Isaac F. Babbitt was born in Hamilton Co., O., March 18, '10; is" the son of Stephen Babbitt, a native of Washington Co., Pa. Mr. B. left home at the age of 14 ; came to Indiana, where he re mained until 1842, when he came to Fulton Co. ; was educated in subscription schools in Ohio and Indiana. He was Captain of the militia in Indiana for 5 years, and has filled the offices of School Director, Highway Commissioner, Town Clerk for 11 years here, also Justice 4 years in Indiana. He married, Jan. 13, '29, Saman tha Hurley ; she was born in the same house that Mr. B. was, July 6, 1810, his father having moved out shortly after his birth, and her father moved in the house a short time previous to her birth. By her he had 5 children ; she died, and Feb. 17, 1848, he was mar ried a second time, this time to Ailsie Phelps, sister to Mrs. Lois Cooper, of Union township, and was born near Rochester, N. Y. They have 6 children. Both Mr. and Mrs. B. are members of the Christian Church. He is a mason and plasterer by trade, but is farming at present. P. O., St. Augustine. James Babbitt, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., St. Augustine. One of the first pioneers of Union township is James Babbitt, who was born in Fayette Co., O., April 9, 1813. He is a brother of Jonathan Babbitt, of whom mention is made in this volume. He was united in marriage with Mary A. Randall Nov. 5, 1837. She became the mother of 12 children, 8 of whom are living, — Jonathan J., Delilah, James, Eliza J., Sarah C, Edwin, Azuba and Wilford. They also have a grandniece, Estelle Babbitt, whom they have raised from 5 years of age. Jonathan Babbitt, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., St. Augustine ; was born in Fayette Co., O., March 13, 1811, and is the son of Job Babbitt, who removed with his family to Indiana in a flat-boat in 1818, thence to Springfield, 111., in 1829, and to Fulton Co. in '30. Job Babbitt was one of the first pioneers of Union township, and helped carry the chain for General Stillman while the latter was 886 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. surveying the State road from Farmington to Burlington in 1835. The subject of this sketch is the oldest pioneer now living in Union township, and has undergone the anxieties and hardships of pioneer life. In 1832 he, in company with the other members of the fam ily and neighbors, left their log huts during the Black Hawk war and went to the Fort at Canton. He helped bury the first person that died in the township. To Mr. B. belongs the honor of nam ing the township (Union). Several years ago Mr. Babbitt saw a trough (dug from an elm log) containing the skeleton of an Indian, which had been fastened in the fork of a leaning tree on Spoon river, where the State road crossed said river ; hence the name, In dian Ford. Mr. B. has been married 3 times: first, Oct. 18, 1832, to Amelia Jennings; second time, Oct. 12, 1834, to Charlotte Du- colon; third time, Dec. 6, 1838, to Elizabeth E. Taylor. He is the father of 7 'children. Mr. and Mrs. B. are members of the Christian Church. S. B. Bays was born in Champaign county, 111., Feb. 14, '41, the son of John and Susan Bays, the former (deceased) a native of East Tennessee and the latter of Fayette county, Pa., now residing in Avon at the age of 76 years. Mr. Bays came to this county with his mother in 1846. He is now doing good business as a photo grapher in Avon, where he established himself permanently as an artist in 1876. He was married May 15, '73, to Phcebe Caverly, daughter of Peter G. Caverly, of Elm wood, 111. They have 3 chil dren, viz : Harry S., Debert C, and an infant. His brother J. W. is a leading photograhher of Peoria, 111. He has 3 other brothers in Illinois, all in the photograph business. 0. J. Beam, banker, Avon, whose portrait we give, was born in Clark county, O., Dec. 30, 1838. His parents moved to Champaign county when he was quite small, and he came to Warren county, 111., in 1851, and to this county in 1875. He attend the common schools and then entered Abingdon College, from which he gradu ated in 1869. He was united in marriage with Miss Emma Laff- tus on the Christmas of 1870. She was born in Warren county, 111. Grace E. and Walter H. are their children. Mr. B. united with the Christian Church in Feb., 1859, and is now serving his fourth year as President of the Western Illinois Christian Confer ence. In 1870 he began business as a farmer with a capital of $1,000, and the -following year bought a farm of 40 acres. Having a desire for a commercial business, however, he quit farming, and, Nov. 2, '75, embarked in the banking business in Avon. So suc cessful has he been that even at this early day he is numbered among the wealthiest and most enterprising men of Avon. During this year (1879) he erected a magnificent brick block in which his bank is situated. The upper and lower stories are used for various branches of business. Royal Bliss, son of Isaac Bliss, of Avon, was born in Orange county, Vt., June 21, '27. He was educated in the common schools HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 887 of his native State and came to this county in 1856, and since has filled several loc,al offices. He spent 20 years upon the railroads of the East. He was united in marriage with Maria Stoddard, in Put ney, Vt., May 1, 1840. She was born in Westminster, Vt. They had 7 children born to them, 6 of whom are living. William clerks in the store for his father, who is engaged in general merchandising. Royal's father has recently returned from California where he has been living for several years. JeremiahS. Botkin, farmer, was born in this township March 3, '43, and is the son of Levi O. Botkin, who was born in Clark county, 0., Nov. 7, '09, and came to this county in '39. He rented a house of Mr. Kline, and the following spring erected a log-cabin, which has long since been replaced by a more substantial and spa cious residence. Mr. J. S. B. was married Feb. 8, 1877, to Laura Simington, daughter of James Simington, of Union township. They have 2 children, — James and Elsie. Mrs. B. is a member of the M. E. Church. P. O., Ellisville. Colonel John Butler was born in Greenbrier Co., Va., July 26, 1802, and is the son of William and Tacy (Gray) Butler. His parents took him to Gallia Co., O., in 1804, where he remained until '33, when he went to St. Joseph Co., Ind., thence to Warren Co;, 111., in '39, where he entered land, raised and dealt largely in cattle, and grew quite wealthy, owning at one time 1,300 acres of well-improved land. Although the Colonel was never in the army he has long merited the title Colonel on account of his valuable services as a militia officer, both in Ohio and Illinois. In the former place he served as Lieutenant, Captain, Major and Adjutant; and in the latter was' elected Colonel of the 84th 111. Militia. His father helped build Fort Recovery under Gen. Wayne. His uncle, Isaac Butler, helped capture Black Hawk. A southern man, but true to the Union. He built the first frame barn in the Southern part of Warren Co. He married Mary Adney April 25, '22, who gave him all his education. They had 13 children, 7 of whom are living, and all married except Mary Helen, who is now in Minne sota traveling for her health. Mrs. B. died while on a visit to Kansas, Nov. 12, 1875. James Carr, sen., was born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 17, 1808, and is the son of John Carr, who was of Scotch descent. The subject of this sketch removed to Cass (then Morgan) county, 111., in 1825, and went through our present capital, which then contained but few houses, and looked through, between the logs of the first court house there, and saw what was transpiring on the opposite side of the house. His father said he was a prisoner of war when but 4 years old, while the British had possession of Philadelphia. Mr. C. was educated in the common schools ; has been the School Direc tor; School Trustee here, and was Justice of the Peace 12 years in Cass county ; has been married twice, and is the father of 4 boys and 4 girls, 7 of whom are living. He married his second wife, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. i Mary N. Reavis, in 1837. Mrs. C. is a member of the M. E Church. Son James is married and living on the farm of Mr. C. John and Edward remain with their parents. He is a farmer and stock- raiser. P. O., Avon. George Childs, farmer, sec. 13; P. O., Avon. Mr. C. was born in Canton, this county, May 6, '32, and is the son of Nathaniel B. and Jane (Hall) Childs. fie' was educated in Canton; celebrated the 4th of July, 1856, by marrying Margaret A. Cane, who was born near Canton in '38. They have had born to them 8 children, 6 of whom are living. Mr. C. has never seen the soil of any other State, and is now 47 years old. His father was in the dry-goods and distillery business with General Stillman in Canton previous to the Black Hawk war ; also built Troy, on Cedar creek, and in early days used coon-skins as a legal tender. Sylvester S. Clayberg, physician and surgeon, Avon ; was born in Cuba, this county, Jan. 4, 1838, and is the son of George and Eliza beth (Baughman) Clayberg, of Cuba, who came to Fulton Co. in 1837. The Doctor attended the common schools of Cuba, and en tered the medical department of the University of Michigan, where , he spent two terms. He subsequently graduated from Rush Medi cal College, Chicago, and returned to Cuba in 1860 and began the practice of his chosen profession. From Cuba he went to Fair- view, and to this place in 1873, where he has won a large practice. He was married May 25, 1864, to S. Belle Bowen, who bore him 3 children. She died Oct. 29, 1870. Mr. C. obtained another help meet June 22, 1875, in the person of N. Abigail Mings, also a na tive of Fulton Co. The result of this union is 1 child. J. W. Fisher, son of Jacob and Lucy (Gardner) Fisher; was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., April 1, 1842. He came with his parents to this county in 1855, and was educated in Wenona Semin ary, Wenona, 111. He is also a graduate of Eastman's Business College, of Chicago. He served 3 years in the late war in Co. B, 103d 111. Inf. ; was in the battles of Mission Ridge, siege of Vicks burg, Jackson, siege of Atlanta and others; was wounded in the battle of Griswoldville, and draws a pension. He was married, Oct. 18, 1871, to Addie Flake, who was born in Union township, this county, June 24, 1855. They have 2 boys and 2 girls. Both Mr. and Mrs. F. are members of ihe E. M. Church. Mr. F.taught school successfully for 10 years ; is now a farmer and mechanic. ' P; O., Ellisville. R. S. Gorham, farmer, son of F. S. and Parna (Sullivan) Gor ham, was born Nov. 2, 1833, in Alleghany Co., N. Y. His parents first removed with him to Onondaga Co., N. Y., thence to this coun ty in 1837, where he received a common-school education ; attend ed the first school that was taught in Ellisville, which was in 1840. His father died in Ellisville in 1847. Mr. G. was married June 4, 1868, to Harriet Sweet, daughter of G. S. Sweet, who lives with his daughter. Mrs. G. was born in Erie Co., Pa. They are the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 889 parents of 5 children. In 1852 Mr. Gorham went "overland" to California, and returned by water in 1866. P. O., Avon. Allen H. Harrod was born in Scott Co., Ind., Jan. 4, 1831. His father, Wm. Harrod, was the first child born in Louisville, Ky., and was related to Col. James Harrod, of Harrodsburg. In his younger days, like Daniel Boone, he spent most of his time in the forest, hunting deer, panthers and other game. He lived a devoted member of the Baptist Church till his death, which occurred Jan. 28, 1835. He left a family of 10 children, of whom Allen H. was the youngest, being but 4 years old. His mother, Elizabeth (New) Harrod, was born in N. C, Dec. 6, 1786. When 12 years of age she moved with a colony of 300 into Kentucky, a distance of 500 miles, the journey being made through a wilderness with pack- horses. After the death of her husband she labored hard to sup port and educate her children, which she did well. She died July 4, 1875. Her father, Jethro New, was a soldier in the Revolution ary war, and helped capture Major Andre, and witnessed his execu tion. The subject of this sketch, Allen H., came to" Illinois in 1848, and in 1850 married Ailcy, the eldest daughter of James Cox, a pioneer of Fulton Co. She was born in Canton, 111., Dec. 7, 1830, and possessed those noble Christian graces which so beautifully adorn life. She died Aug. 28, 1875, leaving a family of 5 children. Mr. H. was' again married March 16, 1876, to Eliza J. Babbitt, daughter of James Babbitt. They have one child, Silva New, born Sept. 10, 1877. Mr. H. was musician in Co. I, First Board of Trade Begiment. He is a cousin of John C. New, ex-U. S. Treas urer, now living at Indianapolis, Ind. He has held many local offices and is an Elder in the Christian Church at St. Augustine. Jerome B. Hatch, farmer and stock-raiser; P. O., Avon; was born in Medina Co., Ohio, March 9, .1827, and is the son of Noah Hatch, who removed with his family to Cass county, Mich., in 1836, where he died. Mr. Hatch's educational advantages were confined to the common schools of Ohio and Michigan, and received but little of that. His father was in the war of 1812. Mr. H. came to this county in 1845. He was married Nov. 7, 1852, to Mary Woods, by whom he has 6 boys, 3 of whom are living, viz : Warren W., Geo. A. and Arthur E. They are members of the Universalist Church. He lived in Warren county 7 years. He made a tour through the West a few years since ; owns a farm of 320 acres. John M. Heller, attorney, Avon. The subject of this sketch wras born in Cuba, Fulton county, April 3, 1847, and is the son of Simon S. and Susan (Dunnivan) Heller, of Cleburne, Texas. He was reared and educated in Peoria, also attended the St. Louis Law school one term. Some time previous to 1869 he was pierced by Cupid's arrow, hurled by a Miss America Mowery, whose father was decidedly opposed to any intimacy whatever between his daughter and the said Mr. Heller. On the night of Nov. 17, '68, as he (Heller) 890 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. was entering the premises of Mr. Mowery, the enraged old gentle man hurled another arrow (which was madeof lead), and this second arrow did its work so well that in consequence, on the 14th day of Jan., '69, the right arm of Mr. H. was amputated. Finally, on the 21st of Feb., '69, he succeeded in wedding his dearly bought wife. Five children are the result of this union, 3 boys and 2 girls, all living, Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. Church. During the war Mr. H. kept sutler's tent, and in '65 enlisted in Co. D, 14th 111. Cav., but was discharged -before he reached the regiment. Went to Texas in '73, and there in '74 began the practice of law. Also practiced law in Kansas one year, and in '77 was admitted to the Bar in 111., since which time he has practiced with great success in the courts of our State. Chandler HoUister, farmer and stock-raiser ; P. O., Avon ; son of Dr. Elisha HoUister, was born in Gill, Franklin Co., Mass., Aug. 14, 1804; received a common-school education in Mass., and moved to Catteraugus Co., N. Y., in 1833; thenoe to Trumbull Co., 0., in 1836, and to this county in 1837. Mr. H. has served in many local offices. He was married in Oct., 1833, to Delana Stubbins, who is a native of N. Y. They had 7 children born to them, 5 of whom are living. Both Mr. and Mrs. H. are members of the M. E. Church. He kept hotel in Ellisville 4 years ; went to his native State in 1878, visiting every State on the way. Thomas C. Hovell, farmer, P. O., Avon, is a son of Thomas and Prudence Hovell, of Union township; was born May 20, 1848, in this township. His father was at Fort Madison and saw the great warrior, Black Hawk, expire ; was also one of the first settlers in Ellisville. Mr. Hovell received a common-school education in this county; was married April 2, 1872, to Angeline Brown, daughter of Wm. Brown, of Lee tp. They have 4 children,— 2 boys and 2 girls. Mrs. H. is a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. H. and his brother J. J. are proprietors of a butcher shop in St. Augustine, Knox Co. Eby D. Mailliard. The subject of this sketch, Monsieur Eloy D. Mailliard, was born at Mortfontaine, then a country-seat belong ing to Joseph Bonaparte, near Paris, France, March 9, 1797. Here the treaty of peace between the United States and France was signed in 1804, an event which Mr. Mailliard well remembers. The Mailliards being retainers of the Bonaparte family, he and his two brothers were taken by Joseph Bonaparte and educated in Paris and became members of his household. In 1811, when Joseph Bonaparte was crowned king of Spain, Mr. Mailliard accompanied him. In 1814 Mr. M. accompanied his lord to Switzerland, and in 1815 returned with him to Paris, where he remained until the battle of Waterloo. He remembers Napoleon I, and says the last time he saw him alive was at the last grand review of his army at the Palace of the Tuileries, just before that. great battle which was so disastrous to the Bonaparte family. He saw him frequently at HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 891 Mortfontaine, and followed his funeral cortege on the return of his remains from St. Helena. Mr. M.'s oldest brother, Louis Mailliard, accompanied Joseph Bonapartein his flight to America. In 1816, Mr. Mailliard, with Joseph Bonaparte's family, joined the unfor tunate exile in Bordentown, New Jersey. He was present when Lafayette paid the family a visit, and saw Bonaparte and Lafayette embrace and kiss, and heard their conversation. Mr. Mailliard still has vivid recollections of the younger members of the Bona parte family. He was very familiar with Louis Napoleon, and when, in 1848, while living in Avon, he read of his election to the Presidency of the French Republic, be wrote to him, congratulating him on his election, and received an autograph letter in reply, which is full of affectionate remembrance and bears date, " Paris, 8 May, 1849." In 1859, after Napoleon had been crowned Emperor, he caused a letter to be written to Mr. M. enclosing a token of remem brance more substantial than words, as the following letter from Baring Bros. & Co. of London, will show : Mr. E. Mailliard, Avon, Fulton County, Illinois : Sir: — Conformable to an order that has been given to us by His Excel lency, the Minister of State and of the Household of the Empire of France, we have ordered Messrs. James King's Sons, bankers, of New York, to pay to you the sum of 10,000 francs. Receive, dear sir, our distinguished consideration, BARING BROS. & CO. Victor Hugo was one of Mr. Mailliard's young companions, and was page to King Joseph. In 1826 Mr. Mailliard went to Italy to reside with Napoleon Louis, elder brother of Louis Napoleon, who was the husband of Princess Charlotte, daughter of Joseph and Julie Bonaparte, remaining with them in Florence until 1832 ; from thence he returned to France and resided at the castle Sureil- lirs, in the department of the Seine, until 1831. He was married Dec. 29, 1824, to Amanda Teresa Gallet; by whom he has had 3 sons and 7 daughters — seven of whom are living in and near Avon; Mrs. M. was born at the castle of Mortfontaine in 1806, and was a god-daughter of Joseph Bonaparte and his daughter Zenaide (for whom their daughter Zenaide was named) and was adopted by the family, reared by Queen Julie, Joseph's wife, who educated her in Paris. Miss Gallet had gone with her godmother to Germany in 1816, and in 1821 came with the Princess Charlotte to America to visit Joseph Bonaparte, and returned to France in 1823. Mr. Mailliard followed, and they were married as above stated, at Mort fontaine. Mrs. M. was Queen Julie's confidential maid, and has several kind letters from her. After their marriage the Mailliards returned to America and resided with Joseph Bonaparte two years, when they returned to Florence, Italy, to reside with Princess Charlotte, who was then an exile to that place. They resided there six years, then returned to the place of their birth, Mortfontaine, and in 1841 returned to America and settled in Avon. They have 892 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. a collection of valuable presents from different members of the Bonaparte family. Among these is a painting by the immortal Raphael of the head of Christ in his last agony. This is a master piece of art, and was a present from Queen Julie to Mrs. Gallet mother of Mrs. Mailliard, and when presented, it was with the understanding that it should be inherited by her. It was a present to the Queen by Napoleon First. A daughter of Mailliard's, Mrs. Geo. Simmons, who was a goddaughter of the Princess Charlotte, has an opal cross and ear-rings, of great value, presented by her godmother. The cross contains an opal an inch long, with two others one-half inch long, surrounded by twelve rubies set in gold. This set was a present to Charlotte from Bernadotte, King of Swe den. Mrs. Mailliard has a gold watch and chain, the watch a present from Princess Charlotte, and the chain from Queen Julie. While living in Rome, Mrs. M. was intimately acquainted with Madame Letitia Ramolina, mother of Napoleon the Great, and visited her frequently. She was at that time 90 years old, and had seen her family rise until they ruled Europe, and saw their influence and power decline until all were exiles. Mr. M. occupied the posi tion of purveyor of the household in the family of Joseph Bona parte for several years, and was Captain of Militia under Louis Phillippe, having still fhe uniform he then wore. Mrs. M. was two years older than Princess Charlotte, and four years younger than her godmother Princess Zenaide, and was their companion and con fidential maid until she and they reached years of maturity. On the death of Princess Charlotte she directed in her will that an annuity of $380 be paid to Mrs. Mailliard from her estate so long as she should live, and it is received promptly each year. Mr. Mailliard's brother, Louis, staid with Joseph Bonaparte until his death, and was executor of his will. He. was also in the Franco- Prussian war, and was in Paris during the Siege, attending to the interests of Joseph Bonaparte's family, and sent out a letter by balloon to Mr. Mailliard, which was received. Mr. Mailliard is a hale old man, a little deaf, but quite jovial. Mrs. M. is also hearty and an entertaining old lady. The children are all married except Zenaide, who lives with and takes care of her parents. Robert A. Mitchell, farmer and stock-raiser, P. O., Avon; was born in the Emerald Isle, Aug. 12, '29, aud is the son of Chas. Mitchell, who came across the ocean with his family to Pennsyl vania in 1831, thence to Ohio, and from thence to Knox county, 111., and in 1865, Mr. M. settled in Fulton county. He was married, April 12, '55, to Sarah Hendricks; she was born in Indiana, Aug. 21, '30. They had 12 children, of whom 10 are living, viz: Caro line, Oliver, Stephen A., Henry, George, Elizabeth, Silas, Emma, Mary and Robert. Mr. M. owns between 400 and 500 acres of land. Rev. Amos Morey, son of John Morey, was born Sept. 16, '12,on the Penobscot river, in what was then the Territory of Maine. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 893 His parents removed with their family in 1815 to Oneida county, N. Y,, thence to Huron county, Ohio, iu 1831, and in 1837 Mr. M. came to Fulton county. In 1838 he hauled wheat to Chicago, sold it for 50 cents a bushel. He was married Sept. 16, '33, to Lydia H. Wright, by whom he had 10 children. Mrs. M. died April 8, '76, and he again married, Oct. 22, '76, to Elizabeth J. (Shoemaker) Lit tle. They are members of the M. E. Church ; was Pastor of the Avon M. E. Church last year ; is now a superanuated minister. His son Geo. M. is Pastor of the M. E. Church at Millersburg, and was Pastor of the M. E. Church at Lewistown 2 years. His daughter Emily E. is the wife of Rev. George W. Martin, Pastor of the Prairie City M. E. Church. His son, Amos F., is patentee of Morey's iron truck and of a sulky attachment for plows. Thomas Pool, son of John and Elizabeth (Fulton) Pool; was born in La Porte county, Ind., March 31, '33; removed with his parents to Montgomery county, Ind,, in 1837, thence to Wayne Co., Ind., in 1840, and to this county in 1843. He served 3 years in the Rebellion, in Co. I., 72d HI. Inf., and was in the siege of Vicks burg, and the battles of Champion Hills, Mobile, Franklin and Nashville; was married Jan. 16, '57, to Charlotte Leeper, in Fair- view township. They have had 7 children, 6 of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. P. are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Pool be gan in life poor, and has gained a large farm which is well improved and stocked. His brother, Joseph Pool, went to California in 1858, and died there in 1859. Mrs. Pool's brother, John Leeper, married a sister of Gov. Cullom. P. O., Avon. A. P. Potter, farmer; P. O., Avon; son of Nathan B. and Lucy (Northrop) Potter; was born in Sussex county., N. J., Jan. 21, '27, and came to this county in 1858. He enlisted, Aug. 22, '62, in the late war, and was discharged June 29, '65 ; was taken prisoner near Scottsborough, and afterward exchanged. He has held local offices, Mr. P. was married Jan. 26, '48, to Elizabeth B. Crate, of New Jersey, by whom he had 10 children ; 7 of them are living. E. V. C. and Lucy D. are married. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. P. has cleared over 100 acres of land in the timber. Alvah S. Richardson was born in Harrison Co., Md., Sept. 8, '36, and is the son of Pliny and Elizabeth (Pierce) Richardson, who started West in an ox wagon when Mr. R. was but 10 days old, and settled in Knox Co., 111. Mr. Richardson was educated in the common schools of Knox Co., and settled in this county in 1868 ; was married, April 1, '57, to Ann Eliza Dagget, by Chas. B. Housh, J. P., in Warren Co. Mrs. R. was born in Knox county April 1, '39. They are the parents of 11 children, of whom 9 are living, — Eden S., Samuel A., Rodric R., Sarah E., Harmonia, Christina W., Minerva C, Orpha D., and John P. They are Uni versalists. He is a farmer and stock-raiser. P. O., Avon. Gen. Leonard F. Ross. This well-known and distinguished gen tleman is a native son of Fulton Co., having been born a* Lewis- 51 894 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. town, July 18, '23. His father, Ossian M. Ross, was the founder of Lewistown, and figured very prominently in the early history of the county. His mother, Mary Ross, nee Winans, died in Peoria in 1875, at the ripe old age of 82. The General received most of his education in his father's private school, tutored by Chas. E. Blood who since died in Knox Co. He attended Illinois College, at Jack sonville, one year. He was the first Secretary of the Fulton Co. Agricultural Society, and the first President of the Avon Agri cultural Society. During the Mexican war the General served as Lieutenant of Co. K, 4th 111. Inf. He has in his possession a blood-stained sword taken at Cerro Gordo. Mr. R. organized the first company (Co. H, 17th 111. Inf.) that went from Fulton county during the Rebellion. Of this company he was chosen captain, but upon arrival in camp he was elected Colonel, and in April, 1862, was promoted to Brigadier General. He participated in some of the most hotly contested engagements during the entire struggle for Union and supremacy of the General Government, and by superior judgment and having the unshaken confidence of his men, won some great victories. Prior to the war he was a Democrat, politic ally, but took a determined stand for the Union, and won laurels while defending it that will cause his name, to live, through future ages in American history. He then acted with the Bepublican party until the "salary grab" in 1872, when he affiliated with the Independents until, recently, he returned to the Bepublican party. Besides occupying responsible positions in both the Mexican and civil wars, Mr. Ross has filled the offices of Probate Justice and County. Clerk of Fulton Co., also Police Magistrate, Collector of Internal Revenue, Supervisor and minor positions. He was twice defeated for Congress, but was a strong candidate for his ticket. He never sought any office except that of County Clerk. He was married to Catharine M. Simms Nov. 13, 1845. She bore him 7 children. He married a second wife in the person of Mary E. Warren Jan. 10, 1865, by whom he has 4 children. Of all his children 1 is living. The General is engaged in farming and breed ing Devon cattle. He has some fine herds, some of which took the premium last year (1878) at the St. Louis National Fair, and some at the Illinois State Fair. P. O., Avon. David M. Stump, dealer in agricultural implements, Avon, is one of the leading and representative men of this township. Stephen Tompkins, merchant, Avon, is a son of Brownell Tomp kins, and was born Jan. 17, 1815, in Madison Co., N. Y. ; removed to Galesburg, 111., and entered the farm he now owns adjoining Avon, and a portion of the present town plat of Avon, in '37, and in '38 removed to his land and began improving it. Mr. T. is a much married man, having married three sisters : Mary F., Ethel- inda G. and Julia P. Woods. His love affairs are rather sadly romantic. He first became attached to Mary, and as her father was about to start to this country, Mr. T. could not think of forever HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 895 parting with the one he so dearly loved, hence he also started for Illinois, but was permitted to live but a short time with her until she was called away by death. He shortly afterward married Eth- elinda; who also died in a short time. He then returned to the house of his double father-in-law and took the remaining daughter, with whom he has since happily lived. They have had 8 children born to them, — 7 boys and one girl, 4 of whom are living. When he first settled here he followed shoemaking and began keeping a few groceries, after which he established the first store in Avon, and is still in business in this place with his sons, Albert B. and Stephen L. In '41 he erected a tannery, which he operated for several years; and in 1856 built the Avon flouring-mill, at a cost of $20,000. Joshua G. Walker, farmer, P. O., Avon ; son of Hugh Walker, was born in Lewis county, Ky., Oct. 6, 1831. His parents brought him to this country when but 4 years old; received his education in a log school-house with paper windows and slab benches ; has served the people as Supervisor of Union township : is now one of the Trustees of Hedding College, Abingdon, fie was married March 28, 1854, to Minerva Brown, who was born in Fulton county, June 18, 1831. They have had 9 children, eight of whom are living. Both are members of the M. E. Church. Mrs. W.'s grandfather, Samuel Barrows, served in the war of the Revolution, and she still preserves a lock of his silver hair, which was black when taken from his head. She also preserves his wine vessel, which is in the shape of a barrel, and holds about a pint. George Woods was born in Sullivan, N. Y., June 5, 1831, and is the son of Asa Woods, who came to this county with his family in 1836. They came in a two-horse wagon, and were on the road six weeks, and the old gentleman was sick nearly the entire time. Asa Woods' brother, Salem Woods, came to McDonough Co., 111., in 1831, and still lives on the farm he first entered. The subject of this sketch, Mr. George Woods, attended the first school in Union township. It was taught by a Mr. Davis. He was married, Dec. 20, 1854, to Sarah A. Parkin, who is a native of England, and was born July 4, 1832. They have 5 children, 1 boy and 4 girls. Mr. W. is engaged in farming. P. O., Avon. -? TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. SUPERVISORS. L. H.Bradbury 1850 Thomas Vandecar 1864 J. G. Gallet 1851 D. H. Gorham 1865-67 L. H. Bradbury 1852 F. H. Merrill 18(58-69 S. Babbitt 1853 Leonard F. Ross....: 1S70 John Gallet 1854 J. G. Walker 1871 James Robb 1855 Silas Babbitt 1872 D.M. Stump 1856 L. H. Hewett 1873 M. Gutridge 1857-58 James T. Staggs 1874-75 Robert W. Townsend 1859 James F. Mings 1876-77 Isaac Cunningham 1861-62 Frederick fl, Merrill...,,,,,, 1878-79 Stephen Tompkins 1863 896 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TOWN CLERKS. Isaac F. Babbitt 1850-52 A. Baldwin 1853-54 George Simmons 1855-60 Thomas Crabb 1861 Naaman Snively 1862 H. V. D. Voorhees 1863-71 A. J.Churchill .1872-75 Mark Ullery 1876-77 George W. Abbott 1878 James R. Shawcross 1879 ASSESSORS. F.H.Roby 1850 Austing Mattingly 1851 IsaacBabbitt 1852 E. M. Clements 1853 J. Mings 1854-55 IsaacBabbitt 1856 D. C. Woods 1857 P. H. Smith 1858 George Simmons...— 1859 E. M. Clements 1860 J. M. Mattingly 1861-62 D. H. Gorham 1863 L. McGarraugh 1864 M. Head 1865 L. R. Thorp 1866-67 Giles Crissey 1868 Geoige Simmons 1869 Jerome B. Hatch 1870-71 James Staggs 1872 M. R. Gutridge 1873 J. W. Fisher 1874 James F. Mings 1875 D. H. Gorham...: 1876-79 COLLECTORS. George R. Tippett 1850-51 Isaac Cunningham : 1852-53 George Simmons 1854 Isaac Cunningham 1855-58 W. S.Woods 1859-60 Oliver Crissey 1861-62 A. Harrod 1863 James McGowen 1864 David Armstrong Ii 65 Wm. Stewart 1866 Job Babbitt 1867 L. R. Thorp 1868-69 Chae. Edmonson 1870 John W. Thorp 1871 L. A. Hall 1872 W. B. Stoddard 1873-74 A. B. McFarland 1875 Geo. Simmons 1876 M. F. Shawcross 1877 Luther J. Adams 1878 JohnM. Heller 1879 VERMONT TOWNSHIP. One of the best improved townships in Fulton county is the one the history of which we now write; yet to attempt a history of the township separate and distinct from that of the town would be to recapitulate or repeat in a great measure what is to be said of the town of Vermont. Hence with a few references to some of the leading historical items of the township, we will pass to the history of the town. It is probable that Moses Davis was the first settler to locate in the township, who came as early as 1832 and erected his cabin one- half mile southwest of where the town of Vermont is located. The first Church was that of the Protestant Methodist denomination, and was organized in 1843. The society erected a building the same year. The first school-house was built in 1836 on the Public Square in Vermont. It was constructed of hewn logs. James Spicer taught the first school in the same year. The first saw-mill in the townihip was built by Job Bogue in 1838 or '39. The first grist-mill was built by Rhodes Dilworth in Vermont in 1840. The first tannery was erected by James Boyle in 1843. On the farm of Jonathan Bogue stands the first barn that was ever erected in the township. It was built by Jesse Cox about the time of Job Bogue's settlement in this township. By 1844 there were quite a number of settlers in the tp. Among them were Isaac Cadwallader, John Evans, the Deane family, Stephen Lindsey, Josiah Zull, Thomas Holmes, J. P. and J. W. Powell, Wm. Marshall, Mr. Chaddock and others. x At this date and previously there were no frame houses in the township and very little land under cultivation, and supplies for settlers were obtained at Lewistown and St. Louis. A horse-mill located on Spoon river and a little water mill on Potatoe creek, built by Mr. P. Williams in 1832, supplied the settlers with their grist. Considerable time, however, was consumed by the pioneers in se curing a sufficient quantity of meal to run the family larder. As immigration set in rapidly westward, the township soon be came thickly settled by an industrious, energetic people whose en terprise has brought Vermont to the front rank among the townships of the county. Among the leading farmers of Vermont township outside the town who have contributed most largely to the devel opment of the resources of the county, we mention the names of Jonathan Bogue, T. C. Robinson, Joseph Robinson, J. W. Robin- 898 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. son, J. H. Marshall, John Fleming, Samuel Etnier, Isaac Cadwalla- der, Abraham Kost, Granville Wright, Nicholas Hipsley, J. D. and Geo. W. Powell, Reuben Kinsey (who planted the first vineyard), Charles Russell, Evan Fremont, Thos. Holmes and others. The simplicity of agricultural implements in early days may be more readily conceived from the following incidents, as related by W. G. Clark : The old wooden mold-board plow then in general use would not scour in the tough prairie soil, and Talman Litchfield, disgusted at having to clean his plow every rod or two, offered to deed 50 acres of land to any one who would produce a plow that would scour itself. Mr. Clark, who was then in very limited cir cumstances, thought this an excellent opportunity to obtain some real estate without expense, and accordingly he and Warren Vail, a blacksmith, manufactured one which was very similar to those now in use. It worked exceedingly well, keeping itself perfectly bright. This was the first really improved plow in Vermont township. Mr. Litchfield was now asked to fulfill his agreement and deed the land ; but this he refused to do. Consequently a lawsuit was under taken, and a sort of mock trial was had in the old log school-house at Vermont, where much joking, laughing speech-making and flow ing of whisky ended the contest. As illustrative of the happiness of some of the pioneers, the fol lowing was told by Mr. Cassidy, of this township : During the earli est settlement of this country there dwelt at Barker's Grove a man named Osborn, who lived alone in a small cabin. When the deep snow of 1830-1 fell his humble abode was almost obliterated under a heavy drift of snow. As the snow remained upon the ground for several months, some of those who had settled in his vicinity be came uneasy about him ; and having discussed the matter among themselves, they determined to rescue the man or furnish him pro visions. Accordingly several citizens, laden with provisions, made their way over the crust that had formed upon the snow to his cabin. When within a short distance of his house, they heard the sound of a violin, and when they entered the rude home, the supposed corpse, or at least invalid, was found with his face wreathed in smiles anjl enjoying the sweet strains of his* violin, and his only visible means of support was one, solitary half-gallon of corn meal. VERMONT. This is one of the most attractive and beautifully situated towns in Fulton county. It contains many as handsome residences as can be found anywhere in this part of the State. As an old land-mark of this county, the history of its growth, past and present, will no doubt be appreciated by those who have been instrumental in its growth and by those whose settlement in the county has been of recent date. As much of our history is obtained from the original pioneers who came from the sunny South and the enterprising East, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 899 we shall, before entering upon any detailed description of Vermont, mention the names and dates of arrival of many whose honorable record and business thrift have made them respected in the com munity, where many years of trying and eventful life have brought them their reward. James J. Crail came here in March, 1833, and settled permanent ly in 1834; Joab Mershon located here during the autumn of 1838, James Dilworth in 1837, Henrv Nelson in 1836, Eliakim Kirkbride in 1839, Ezra Dilworth in 1837, Dr. Wm. H. Nance in 1841, S. F. Hoopes in 1841, James A. Russell in 1847, Col. Thos. Hamer in 1845, Edward and Patterson Hamer in 1854, Cephas Toland about the year 1841, Emer Dilworth in 1837, Robert Dilworth was born in the township in 1833 and was brought into town in 1839, Ed ward Webster settled here in 1850, and others. James and Joseph Crail were the founders of Vermont. They were Kentuckians by birth and came from Indiana to Vermont in 1833, as above stated, but did not locate permanently until the fol lowing year. They had purchased an 80-acre tract of land, which " is now within the corporate limits of the town ; and seeing the ne cessity of a town in this part of the county, they determined on founding one. Assisted by Jonas Rawalt, County Surveyor, who at present resides in Orion townsh'p, in 1835 they began a preliminary survey for the town, and ere long the 80 acres just mentioned was platted into town lots. These lots sold quite readily and at fair prices to the few pioneers who then dwelt within the limits of Ver mont township. Jas. Crail built the first dwelling, which was a small frame building, and is now occupied by Mrs. Margaret Collins. Mr. Joseph Crail, a brother of the well-known James J. Crail who resides in Vermont, and who died in Kansas several years ago, erected the second residence. The first store building was rected in 1837 by Mr. G. Reeves. Digressing a little from detailing first occurrences, we will relate the circumstances under which Vermont was named. In early day the "little brown jug" was thought to be an indispensable article among the pioneers. Mr. Crail was at a loss to know what the name of the town should be. At the general sale of lots, which was held shortly after the laying out of the town, much discussion and jesting was indulged in on this point; for, be it known, the early settlers were inveterate jokers, and they never lost an oppor tunity for a little fun. Abitha Williams, said to be an eccentric character, proposed to Mr. Crail that if the naming of the town was left to him he would see that a gallon of whisky would be forthcoming. The proposition was accepted and the bidders for lots when they were sold pa-took freely, and then, as now, no doubt, some felt considerably exhilarated. Mr. Williams was a native of the Green Mountain State, and accordingly selected for the name of the town " Vermont," in honor of his State. Jonas Rawalt, the surveyor, had suggested the name of " Meridian," owing, no doubt, 900 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. to his knowledge of latitude and longitude, and as the town was located only one-half a mile from the fourth principal meridian. During the autumn of 1837 Wm. Dilworth and Jesse Cox set tled in the township, and the following year moved into the village. There were at that time perhaps a dozen buildings, log and frame in the place. A postoffice, of course, was a necessity to the pioneers, aud accordingly, in a rough round-log building in the vicinity of" David Kirkbride's hotel, a postoffice was started. Wm. McCurdy and A. G. Frisbie were postmasters, and mail was carried, once a week by A. G. Frisbie first, who made the trip to Bernadotte with a little mail bag thrown over his shoulders. After him James Crail was carrier. The trip was made on horseback, and often Mr. Crail carried the mail in his hat. The postage ranged according to dis tance, from 6J cents to 25 cents on each letter. In those days let ters were not enclosed in envelopes, but were folded and sealed in a mysterious way and bore an undisguised appearance of quiet dig nity. Very often considerable. skirmishing around had to be done by the settlers to procure the necessary 25 cents to get the long looked-for letter from relatives hundreds of miles away. In 1837 there were three small general stores in the place. Trade was quite, limited, and the three merchants did not continue in business a great length of time. Wm. Dilworth started a general merchandise store in 1840, and the same year Rhodes Dilworth built the first steam mill, which is supposed to be the first in the Military Tract. Customers came from a distance of 50 or 60 miles to this mill. Goods were purchased from St. Louis, transported to the most convenient landings on the river and hauled from there in wagons. During the winter of 1838 salt sold as high as 6£ cents per pound ; subsequently it sold readily for 8 cents per pound. It was not long before the increased immigration began to tell upon the business and prosperity of the town. In 1838 Joab Mershon, poor and unknown, entered the town, and for several years engaged in shoemaking. In 1841, with a light capital but an abiding faith in the future prosperity of the town, he entered into business, erect ing a two-story brick building on the east side of the Square. This was at the time the only store in the place,, and from the start Mr. Mershon transacted a very good business. The following year Enos Monohan, a Christian preacher, bought a small building south of town and entered into competition with Mr. Mershon. Previous to 1850 the several merchants of the place, besides those we have mentioned, were Edward Stapleford, who kept a general store, John J. Lynn and James Dilworth. In 1842 the American House was built by the present proprietor and J. W. Kelly. It was then 18 by 20 feet, and two stories in height, and erected of brick. It was looked upon by the citizens with something akin to pride. In 1840 a grist-mill was built by Rhodes Dilworth and William Fellon, west of the Square, 40 by 40 feet. This was a three-story frame building, and was really the main stay and hope of the town HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 901 for some time. It brought many customers from the remote parts of this and adjoining counties, to the joy of its enterprising proprie tors. About this time James Boyle erected a small building, and in connection with Robert Anderson built a tannery, which estab lishment boasted but little of the modern and improved machinery of this day, the process of tanning then requiring weeks. Being only moderately successful, they sold to Cephas Toland, who trans acted quite a large and successful business. Still a second tannery was found to be necessary, — at least it was thought so. The pro prietors of this one were Heizer & Stevens, who built a tan-yard in the western part of town. In 1844 or '45 a saw-mill was erected. The first saw-mill was run by horse and ox tread power, but was turned into a steam grist mill in 1845. The saw-mill drew but little trade to the town and proved unprofitable to its owners, and accordingly it was converted into a carding-mill. This, it appears, was not a financial success, and accordingly the machinery for a distillery soon arrived and the manufacture of the ardent began. This was perhaps a more suc cessful bid for a little of the hard-earned money of the pioneers. The distillery was run about 4 years and was then converted into what was known as the East Grist-Mill. About this time Benj. Swartz and John Evans ran a shoe-last factory. In 1846 a general merchandise store was opened by Winans & Smith ; in 1849 by Stevens, Heizer & Winans. For a time the town grew quite rapidly and it often presented a very busy aspect. As the westward flow of emigration was great, many were attracted to this pleasantly situated town. The sur rounding country was fertile, the land easily cultivated and yielded large quantities of wheat and other cereals ; and ere many years had rolled around, all the Congress and patent land in the township was occupied. Vermont enjoyed a season of prosperity lasting for several years. Main street was often crowded with teams, some times extending for a distance of half a mile, being a solid mass of wagons. Large quantities of pork were packed here in early day, which was hauled to landings on the river, put aboard steamboats and shipped south. The following detailed account of the cholera of 1851 was pre pared by Esquire H. S. Jacobs and published in the Lewistown Democrat June 5, 1879 : THE CHOLERA OF 1851. It will be remembered that this scourge appeared in New Orleans in the fall of 1848, and raged there during the following winter. It made its appearance in St. Louis in February, 1849. The first case was attended- by Prof. Barber, of McDowell's Medical College. The faculty laughed at him for pronouncing it cholera; but in a few days after Dr. Barber himself died with it. The doctors then gave the alarm, and great preparations were made to stay its progress. But 902 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. it spread rapidly, and that, together with the great fire of May 17th which swept away a great part of the city, seemed to blight the prospects of the growing city. The cholera continued there during the summers of 1850-51. About the first of June, .1851, Esq. Jechoniah Langston went from here to St. Louis on business. Soon after his return he was taken ill. Not knowing the disease t° De cholera, the people at tended to him as was the custom. He died on the 7th of June. The remains were taken to the church of which he was a member, and a funeral preached, the coffin opened, and the body viewed by those present. The, weather was very warm, with southeasterly winds aud frequent rains. John McHenry and several of his family were taken down the day after Langston's death. There not being room in his house for all of them, he was taken to the Christian church, where he received all the care and attention that was possible; but he died shortly after. Four of his children died — Samuel on the 8th, Enos on the 10th, Thomas B. on the 12th, and Mary A. on the 17th of June. On the 12th a young man named Thomas Kent Woodward died at the American House, and on the same day another young man, a stranger, died at Nathan Searl's. On the 20th a young man by the name of Wm. Haney, employed as clerk for Dr. John Hughes, died. Mrs. Elizabeth Hughes, wife of the Doctor, died on the 19th. Mrs. Mary E. Blanton, a friend of the Doctor and his family, was taken ill about this time and died on the 23d. Two colored boys also died at this house, — one on the 21st and one on the 23d. Wm, Boswell, a saddler, also died on the 21st. Dr. Isaac B. Bacon, who had recently come to the place, and who had gained quite a reputatiou for his close attention to the sick, came home from the country with the disease about dark on the evening of the 27th, and died about daylight the next morning. James B. Fowler and a Mr. Frankenbury lost two children each about this time. Wm. P. and Rebecca J. Edie died on the 23d and 24th respectively. Grandfather Euclid Mercer was buried about this time. As the friends returned from his burial, the man who made his coffin (a Mr. Murphy) came for Dr. Nance to go and see his mother-in-law. The Doctor with I. B. Wicchell went out there. The man met them at the door, and showed clear symptoms of cholera. They were both buried before 1 2 o^clock that night. John Kirkbride, a brother of David Kirkbride, died June 27th, on the farm beyond Sugar creek, in McDonough county, now owned by Robert Andrews. His brother Eliakim died in town a few days after. Mrs. Jane Andrews, mother of Robert, died at the house of Joseph Crail July 4th. Bird Anderson, brother of Mrs. Cephas Toland, was taken down about this time. He was thought to be dead, his coffin was prepared and preparations for his burial made. But he recovered and lived to serve his country faithfully in the war of 1861, removed to Kansas where he died five or six years ago. A HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 903 young woman named Maria A. Patterson died at the Hayes House July 2d. David Merrick died on his farm just west of town July 11th. -Elizabeth, wife of John A. Craig and sister to Mrs. William Alexander, died on the 24th, and her sister, Mrs. Taylor, died soon after. >•¦ Oscar D., son of James A. and Elizabeth Russell, died Aug. 1st. Julia A., wife of Wm. Hayes, died July 31st. Philip Weaver died August 27th ; Elizabeth Davis August 6th, and Richard C. Johnson, brother of Mrs. T. Hamer and Mrs. J. A. Russell, on Sept. 3d. Lemuel Burson, one of those who waited on the sick during the whole time, was taken down among the last cases and went to join those he. had helped to care for. These are the names of a majority of those who died, although there were others whose names we could not get. There were also many others who recovered. Mr. Witchell says he waited on some seventy cases. During the prevalence of this dread disease in our midst many cases of extreme sadness occurred, and some that were mirth-provoking — among the latter being a man who came to town with a lump of tar sticking under his nose. All business was suspended, except to furnish what was needed for the sick and dead. Mr. Mellor kept open the store of Stephens & Winans for that purpose. During this trying time Mansfield Patterson kept the Hayes House, and kept his table set at all hours for those waiting upon the sick and dying. In this, as in all cases of the prevalence of epidemic or contagious disease, a few persons took hold and in a systematic manner waited on and cared for every one of the sick during the whole time of this dreadful calamity, forgetting self and thinking only of.the suffering around them. Most prominent among these were the following: Isaac B. Witchell, Cephas Toland, John Mathewson, Joseph B. Eoyal, H. S. Thomas, Mansfield Patterson, Wm. Mellor, C. B. Cox, Lemuel Burson and David Clark. Among the ladies who assisted in this noble work were Mrs. Elizabeth Westlake, Mrs. Martha Burr, Mrs. Sarah M. Witchell, Mrs. America Toland and Mrs. Pat terson ; and many a poor sufferer had the benefit of their kind care and attention. But of these only Mrs. Toland and Mrs. Burr sur vive. Mr. Clark, after the cholera ceased here, went to Bluff City where the cholera soon made its appearance. He again waited on and nursed the sick, was himself taken down and died, being the last case. Of all these it can truly be said, they did all that men and women could do during that trying time, and during all these 28 years since, those who survive have ever been ready and willing to aid the sick and relieve the distressed wherever and whenever their services were needed, and this without ostentation or display. Such self-sacrifice will never go unrewarded. No person is more to be remembered for what he did during those trying days than Esq. H. S. Jacobs. 904 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. SCHOOLS. Early in the history of the town Churches and schools were estab lished. At first religious services were held in private houses and an old log building that remained for a number of years on what is now the Public Square; and in this the pioneer boys and girls were instructed in the " three R's," — " Readin', 'Ritin' and 'Rethmetic," these being the only studies then in vogue ; and yet there were grad uated — if so it might be termed — from this humble cabin a class of men who vie with any throughout the county, of a wider field of learning, in wealth, intelligence and enterprise. Their old familiar school-teacher, Wm. McCurdy, with his kindly ways and strict honesty, will long be remembered by many who now are prominent as farmers and business men. At present the town of Vermont is well up with the other towns of the county in the educational advantages offered. There are two graded schools, known as the North and the South schools. . Prof. Brake presides as principal of the North school. The number of scholars in attendance at this school is about 150, and the several teachers, besides the principal are Misses Askew, Searles and Miller. The school building is constructed of brick, pleasantly located and substantially built, at a cost of several thousand dollars. The graded school known as the South school contains about 130 scholars. The principal is Miss Narcissa Bates, and the other teachers are B. Sergeant and Miss Jennie Gilbert. This is a handsome two-story brick structure located in the southern part of the city. The Board of Directors for the North school is composed of Edward Hamer, Henry Daugherty and Elwood Sidwell. The Board for the South school is composed of Jesse Bogue, Aaron Bellange and Ezra Dilworth. CHURCHES. Methodist Church. — The early settlers assembled in the old school-house and dwellings for religious worship and to listen to the circuit preachers as they made their monthly visits. Early in the history of the town the Methodist Church was organized. A fine frame church building was erected in the northern part of the town, and is the largest church structure in the place. The Presbyterian Church of Vermont was also organized in early day, and a house of worship erected in the southeastern part of town. The Christian Church was organized in November, 1847. Fol lowing are some of the original members : J. H. Hughes, J. B. Royal (since Pastor), J. G. F. Henderson, S. Frankenbury, Cephas Toland, J. Langston, Wm. Schooley, L. D. Cleringer, Robert An drews and many others. About this time the present church struc- e was built. It is situated on North Union street. The several ors have been Elders J. B. Royal, J. B. Corwin, Wm. Grif- < HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 905 fin, Henry Smither, P. D, Vermillion (the present Pastor), H. T. Buff, D. K. Shields and others. At present the membership is large, numbering over 200, and among those who take a leading position in the Church we mention John A. Gilliland, Ebenezer Freeman, Wm. Worsdell, H. S. Jacobs, John A. Webster, and Cephas Toland. Among the ladies are Mrs. America Toland, Elvira Toland, Martha A. DeFraine, Elizabeth Hamer and Mrs. C. M. Parker. It is quite probable that the Vermont Church is the strongest Christian Church in the county. Elder P. D. Vermillion, the present Pastor, is a gentleman of ability and high culture, and is well qualified for the position he holds. He is a native of Ken tucky, brought up in Sangamon county, 111., and came to Fulton county in 1872. MISCELLANEOUS. The Vermont Library Association was organized in 1858, with a fund created by an association of the women of the place known as the Vermont Ladies' Sewing Society, and a contribution of books by the ladies and gentlemen of the community. The institution prospered finely until the suffering condition of the sick and wound ed soldiers in the army during the late war rallied all the interests, sympathies and exercises of the women into the sanitary work for the soldiers' relief and comfort, when it was entirely neglected until years after the war closed. The library now contains 500 volumes, and is in a prosperous condition. Bank. — As the town grew in importance, a bank for the purpose of exchange, loans and deposits became necessary, and accordingly Joab Mershon, with his usual enterprise and having ample capital, set about the erection of a suitable building for this purpose. He had previously purchased a good portion of town property, and in 1868 laid the foundation for the present handsome and substantial bank building and public hall, known as Mershon's Hall. This is one of the finest brick buildings in the county. The several Postmasters of Vermont have been Wm. McCurdy, A. G. Frisbie, Joab Mershon, Lewis Kelly, Moses Mathewson, A. G. Herron, H. S. Thomas, Horace Johnson, H. Kirkbride, John T. Evans, John H. Hunter and H. S. Thomas, the present incum bent, who has officiated in this capacity for a period of 16 years. PERSONAL SKETCHES, Adams & Sexton, wagon-makers and blacksmiths, Vermont ; have been associated in business four years ; Jonas Adams was born in this county in 1849, learned his trade at Springfield, 111., worked as journeyman in Vermont, and in 1875 entered partnership with Mr. Sexton. James Sexton, born in Madison Co., O., in 1833, emigrated with his parents in 1844 to a point about 8 miles north of Ellisville, this county ; at the age of 19 he learned carriage- 906 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY, i making at Canton, and in 1865 came to Vermont and followed his trade. During the war he enlisted in Co. F, 84th 111. Inf., and was honorably discharged in March, 1863, on account of physical debility. Milton Amrine, merchant, of the firm of Amrine, Nelson & Co., settled in Fulton Co. in 1845. He was born in W. Va. in 1833. His father, Frederick Amrine, was a native of Pa., was shoemaker, then millwright, distiller and merchant, and accumulated property very rapidly. While in Va. he married Nancy Shepard, of Mary land, by whom he had 7 children. From 1835 to 1850 the family resided in Illinois, mostly in Woodford Co. In 1850 Mr. Fred erick Amrine started for California, but death overtook him at Ft. Bridger, near Salt Lake City. Milton married Roxana Litchfield, daughter of Chauncey L., and they have had 10 children, 9 of whom are living, — Mahlon, Martha M., Ansel, Clover, Lucy, Ida, May, Charley, and Roscoe. In 1850 Mr. A. went to California, the following year he returned home and since then has followed farm ing, except that for the last two years he has been in the mercantile business. Henry Anfield, bridge-builder and miner, was born Dec. 3> 1833, in Yorkshire, Eng. ; his father, Wm. Anfield, was a prominent merchant, who married Frances A. Colby, and had 11 children, 3 of whom died in infancy. Henry learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, and in his 19th year married Eliza J. Oldfield; in 1859 he came to America and followed bis trade at Colchester, 111., until he came to Fulton Co. 14 years ago; settling at Table Grove, he fol lowed mining, principally, until 1868, when he removed to Ver mont. They have had 5 children : Charles (deceased), William, Isabel H., Charles E., and Emily A. Derry & Arringdale, manufacturers and dealers in carriages, bug gies and wagons, etc., Main st., Vermont. These gentlemen are practical workmen, and their principal work is jobbing and repair ing. Mr. J. W. Derry is a native of this county and learned his trade with Mr. G. W. Derry in Vermont. Jacob B. Arringdale was born in Ohio, reared in Fulton Co., and learned his trade with Reuben Huff. Mr. A. is said to be one of the most skillful work men in the State. R. R. Atherton, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 24; P. O., Ver mont; was born in Harrison Co., O., in 1823; his father, Boaz A., was a native of Penn., where, in 1812, he was joined in matrimony to Miss Mary Ross; the following year he settled in Ohio; in 1852 he emigrated to Vermont tp., where he died at the age of 88 years, and his wife died soon afterward, aged 83. Mr. R. R. Atherton married Jane Hilton in Ohio, in 1848 ; she was a daughter of Wm. Hilton, of Ireland. In 1 852 they emigrated to this tp. Children- Mary E., Wm., John, Kester, Ella, Boaz, Richard E. and Laura. Evan Bailey, deceased, was born in Brooke county, W. Va., in 1805, son of Thomas Bailey, who was born in East Pennsylvania HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 907 and was a farmer. Evan married Elizabeth McHenry, daughter of James McHenry, of Ireland. In 1836 they emigrated to Vermont township, settling on a piece of timbered land which he had pre viously purchased, where he found but an acre and a half cleared, with a cabin on it. Here he worked and prospered and obtained a good reputation as a citizen. In 1868 he was elected County Treas urer. He was killed by a runaway July 15,1 878. He left a widow, now in her 71st year, and 10 children, 4 having formerly died. George Bateson, farmer, sec. 21 : P. O., Vermont; was born in Perry county, O., in 1843; his father, Lewis Bateson, was an Ohio farmer who married Nancy Forsythe and had 12 children; they emigrated to this tp. when George, the youngest, was about 13 years of age; in 1862 the latter enlisted in Co. A, 28th 111. Inf., fought at Mobile and in several other noted engagements; honorably dis charged March 10, 1865. Joseph Beans, farmer and brick-maker, was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1814. His father, Amos Beans, was also a native of Penn., married Miss R. H. Congler, by whom he had 3 children. They moved to Harrison Co., O., where Joseph grew up and learned the mason's trade; married Abigail Rankin, daughter of John Rankin, of Pa., in 1837 ; in 1844 he came to Illinois, Vermont tp., and bought 60 acresof land from Morris Merrick, who had recognized Mr. B. on his arrival here by the loss of two fingers which he, Mr. M., had accidently cut off when they were boys 30 years before. In 1857 Mr. Beans built the largest brick dwelling-house in the township. He has had 5 children, 4 of whom are living : Sarah J., who married Wm. Forquer ; Amos, who enlisted in Co. B, 84th 111. Inf. ; severely wounded. John R., who was a soldier in Co. F, 65th 111. Inf., and wounded at Marietta ; George, who died in the army while enlisted in the Union cause ; Martha, who married Jas. Forquer and resides in California ; and Joseph, who enlisted in Co. G, 50th 111. Inf., went through Sherman's campaign, returned to Fulton county, married in 1874 Margaret Toland. Jonathan Bogue, farmer, sec. 28 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Harrison Co., O., in 1822, and about 1829 the family moved to In diana, and the following year to Bernadotte tp., this Co. ; he built the first house and plowed the first furrow on Ipava Prairie ; in 1850 he married Miss Emily, daughter of Thos. and Anna Robinson, early settlers of Vermont tp., and 4 children have been born to them, 3 of whom are living, — Job, Ruth A. and Harry. Jesse Bogue, merchant, was the first white child born in Pleasant tp. His father, John Bogue, was -born in N. C. in 1875 ; at the age of 16 he settled in Ohio, where he afterward married Mary Ann Easley, daughter of Daniel Easley, of Virginia, by whom he had 11 children; 10 are living at the present time. The family arrived on Ipava Prairie in the spring of 1831 and pre-empted i sec. of land. Here he built a cabin, obtaining help from Lewistown; three years afterward he moved into Vermont tp., where he built 908 . HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the first saw-mill. He died in 1876. Mrs. B. died in 1871. Jesse, the 9th child, went to school in a log school-house on the ground which is now the Public Square in Vermont, his first teacher being Lewis Kelly. In 1855 he married Rebecca Cox, of Fulton Co.; in 1856 he built a steam saw-mill on Otter creek, in Vermont tp., where he continued until 1864, when he built a first-class grist-mill in Vermont, of which he is still proprietor. In 1876 he started a grocery on Main street, and has good success. Robert Bogue, miller, was born in Harrison Co., O., in 1826; he was 3 years of age when his parents emigrated with him to this county. He worked in the saw-mill with his father and went to school in the winter. His teachers were James Spicer (the first in the tp.) and J. Frisbie. When of age he bought an interest in a saw-mill at Browning, . which was subsequently destroyed by fire. He also assisted in the building of a grist-mill at Browning, and did a fine business from 1849 to 1868, in partnership with his cousin, John Bogue. Their flour had a great reputation, finding its way to remote parts of the Union ; but in the manufacturing of wagon material they did not do so well. In 1874 he oversaw the construc tion of a bridge 65 feet high and 1,000 feet long over the Vermil lion river at Danville, — one of the best bridges in the State. He then rented the grist-mill at Browning a year, and then returned to Vermont and took charge of the mill owned by Jesse Bogue. In 1858 he married Mary A. Marshall. Mrs. Bogue died in October, 1864; and in 1866 he married Martha J. Ramsay, daughter of Wm. Dunlap, and they have had two children, Sarah and Mary. Jacob Bottenberg, retired farmer, was born May 13, 1803, in Ohio, near the Ohio river, on which water he spent much of his youth in boating. April 12, 1827, he married Elizabeth Swengen in Vir ginia. In 1836 he and other parties built a keel-boat and sailed down the Ohio, and Mr. B. came by way of St. Louis to Ver mont tp. Here he commenced in a very humble way, but by in dustry and frugality has now a good 200-apre farm. Has had 11 children : 7 survive, — Lewis, Josephus, Nancy, Martha, Epaminon- das, Levi and Wm. The latter married Florence Foster and lives on the homestead. They have 4' children, — Ora A., Cora, Jennie M. and Carl D. Charles Brown, farmer, sec. 16, and proprietor of the Brown saw mill, was born in Medina Co., O., in 1824. His father, Obadiah B., was born in Connecticut and reared in the Excelsior State, where he married Miss Clarissa Loomis. Of this union were born 13 children, the 9th of whom was Charles. About 1834 the family moved to Indiana, where Mrs. B. died; about 1840 they moved to Missouri, where in 1846 Charles married Miss Emeline, daughter of Wm. Bradley, of Va.; 1855-60 they lived in Warren Co., 111., and since then in Vermont tp. John Bucy, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 4; P. O., Astoria; was born in Jefferson Co., O., in 1813. His father, Joshua Bucy, was HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 909 born in Maryland and moved to Ohio in 1801, where he married Ellen Eyan. John grew to manhood in Ohio, following agricul ture. In 1833 he married Mary Ann Fellows, daughter of Wm. Fellows, of Maryland, by whom he had 8 children, only 4 of whom . are living, — Ellen, John, Wm. and Mary. Mrs. Bucy died March 12, 1851 ; in 1853 Mr. B. married Mary Ann Ryan, and they have had 6 children, 4 of whom are living, — Matilda E., Sarah M., Nancy O, Hezekiah and George. The family emigrated to this tp. in 1866. Joshua Bucy, farmer, sec. 36 ; P. O., Astoria ; born in Jefferson Co., 0., in 1843; his father, John Bucy, was also born in Ohio, he moved to DeWitt Co., 111., and after remaining there one year he moved to Vermont township. Joshua passed his youth in Ohio, and was liberally educated. Aug. 15, 1867, he married MarysE. Clark, daughter of W. G. Clark. Children : John W., Minnie B., Ann E. and Henry R. Lemuel Burson, deceased, was born in Guernsey Co., O., in 1818; married Elizabeth Otters, and had 5 children, only 2 of whom sur vive, namely, Jesse, who is married and resides in Vermont, and Franklin, who resides on the homestead. He died in 1854, leaving a widow, who is still living. By trade he was first a plasterer, but during most of his life he was a farmer. Isaac Cadwallader, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 14 ; P. O., Ver mont; born in Ohio, in 1806, and in 1829 emigrated to Lewistown, Fulton Co., with the family ; in 1830 moved to Vermont, where he pre-empted land in 1832. fie was therefore among the very earliest pioneers in this tp. His cabin was the second or third in the tp. He still has some of the stock of bees he took from a bee-tree 40 years ago. In 1831 he was married by Esquire John Howard (the first settler here) to Miss Elizabeth Ackerson, a daughter of Garrett Ackerson, of N. J., by whom he has had 7 children, all of whom' are living and in comfortable circumstances, — Thos. T. ; Isaac B. resides in Nebraska; John Garrett and Anna E. live in McDon ough Co. ; and Susan C. and Sarah E. reside in Fulton Co. Mr. C.'s father, John C, was a native of Penn., where he followed farm ing, and where he married Ruth Bogue and had 9 children ; in April, 1806, he emigrated to Tuscarawas Co., O., where he re mained until 1829, when he came to this county. He died in 1866 ; Mrs. C. died in 1843. Leander Cassidy, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 7 ; P. O., Ver mont; born in New York in 1832 ; reared on a farm ; liberally edu cated; taught school; in 1856 moved to Ohio and taught school a few months, then moved to McDonough Co., IU., where he taught for 8 years. In 1859 he married Louisa Cox, by whom he has 7 children; in 1865 he moved to Fulton Co., settling in this tp. John Chaddock, farmer, sec. 24 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born here in 1833, son of James and Lydia (Mercer), natives of Ohio ; his father came on foot to Illinois, and being overtaken by the deep 53 910 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. snow (1830-31), he became discouraged and returned to Ohio in the spring, but in 1833 he settled permanently in this county ; he died in 1868, and his wife died when John was but 10 years of age; the , latter received a liberal education ; in the last war he enlisted in Yates'-Battalion of sharpshooters, and was in many a sharp encounter. He married Mahala B. Petty, daughter of John Petty, of Indiana, and their children are Minnie, Irving and Jesse. W. G. Clark, farmer, sec. 36 ; P. O., Astoria ; born in Ohio in 1812; his father, John Clark, was born in Maryland, and died in Ohio when the subject of this sketch was very young ; Nov. 26, 1834, the latter married Rachel Knock, of Delaware, and they are parents of 6 children, 3 of whom are living, — John, Wesley and Eliza. In 1842 the family emigrated in a covered wagon to Berna dotte tp., this county, took 80 acres of wild land, except a few acres around a log cabin and a saw-mill, formerly owned by Moore Marshall, the builder. Mr. C. ran this mill until the late war, when his two sons, John and Wesley, left for Uncle Sam's service. Mr. Clark's first wife died Oct 1, 1843, and he married Elizabeth Tray- nor, March 22, 1844, and they have 4 children, — Mary, Bachel, Henry and Jane. S. Cochran, barber, was born in Pennsylvania in 1851; his father, Jesse C, emigrated with him to Iowa, where Snowden (our subject) grew to manhood and received a liberal education. He moved to Clinton, Mo., and married Lizzie Montgomery, and came to Ver mont in 1876, where he has since followed his vocation with great success. Caleb Cox, deceased, was a, merchant and banker of Vermont. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1833, the 3d son of Jesse and Therdisa Cox, who settled in this Co. in 1837, in Vermont tp. ; he received a liberal education^ and Oct. 18, I860,. married Anna Wil kinson, of Pennsylvania, whose parents emigrated to this county about 23 years ago. At the beginning of the war he enlisted in Co. F, 84th 111. Inf., was first elected Captain and afterward Major, and served faithfully until the war closed. Was in- many battles, nota bly that of Murfreesboro. He then returned to Vermont, bought property, and in 1868 he became an equal partner with Joab Mer shon and organized the Vermont Bank. In 1871 he erected one of the finest residences in the county. In 1866 he was elected to the Legislature, the first Republican representative from Fulton Co., He was an energetic business man, very popular, but while yet in the prime of life he took sick and died, leaving a widow and 7 chil dren, — Wilmer, Theodore, Mary, Olive, Edward, Howard and Sherman. Geo. Cox, farmer, etc., sec. 18; P. O., Vermont; was born in Guernsey Co., O., in 1847 ; his father, Thomas Cox, settled in Mc Donough Co. in pioneer times ; George was brought up on a farm; in 1868 he purchased his present farm. In 1867 he married Nancy Craigo, by whom he has three children, — Granville, Maud and Edna. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 9il Cox, retired, was born in Chester Co:, Pa., in 1807, of Quaker parents, who were of English descent. Thomas Cox, father of Jesse, grew to manhood in Penn., where he followed, the two callings of carpenter and farmer ; he married Elizabeth Messer, and they had 5 children, of whom Jesse was the third. The parents died in Penn. Jesse learned the carpenter's trade ; married Theo- dosia Mershon, daughter of Henry Mershon, of N. Y., July 27, 1829, in Penn. ; came to Vermont in 1837, followed carpentering, built the first store (of any note) in Vermont, and both grist-mills ; he was the first Justice of the Peace, serving 8 years in this capacity ; has been Supervisor ; in 1841 he purchased J sec, and afterwards £ sec. more, and one year he raised the largest crop of wheat ever raised in the county, shipping 350 barrels to St. Louis one day. Mrs. C. died July 8, 1871, leaving 4 children, — Samuel, Henry, Bebecca and Mary. Samuel Cox, agriculturist, sec 12; P. O., Vermont. Forty-two years ago Jesse Cox, the father of Samuel, moved from Chester Co., Pa., to this county. He married Theodosia, sister of Joab Mershon, of Vermont, and came to this township, where he now resides. Samuel was 4 years of age when his parents came here. He grew to manhood upon the farm, received a good common-school educa tion. In Sept., 1854, he married Abigail Freeman, daughter of Minshall G. F., who bore a prominent part in the early history of the county. Like nearly all of the leading farmers, Mr. C. began life poor. His children are Ann J., Jesse, Eben and Melvina. Wm. Craig, deceased, was a native of Harrison county, 111., fol lowed farming, married first Miss Wallace, secondly her sister and lastly Miss Elizabeth Jamison, Isabel township, by whom he had two children, — William and John. He emigrated to Isabel town ship in 1842, with some means, and has prospered, at one time own ing over 1,400 acres of land. He died Feb., 1871, his widow still living. James J. Crail, auctioneer, and founder of the town of Vermont, was born in Kentucky, Sept. 12, 1812. His father, Wm. Crail, was also a native Kentuckian, a wheelwright by occupation, and mar ried Margaret Mayall, daughter of Joseph Mayall, a Revolutionary soldier, who lost his property by British confiscation. In 1834 Mr. C. moved to Fulton county, where he died at . an advanced age. Mrs. Crail is still living, and is in her 85th year. Of their 9 chit dren James J. is the eldest. He came into this township with the family, when there were but 6 or 7 cabins here, the residents being Wm. B< Higgins, Abraham Williams, Mr. Wright (father of Gran ville Wright), Issac Cadwallader and Caleb Dilworth. Mr. Crail, of course, at that early day went through all the experiences char acteristic of the times, fully described in chapters I, II and X of this volume. He saw that the citizens began to consider Havana and Beardstown rather too far for convenience, and that there was a demand for a business place nearer by. fie selected a site and 912 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. erected a cabin on the ground now occupied by Sidwell's. Wm. McCurdy built the second cabin, and here subsequently these two gentlemen carried on saddle and harness-making, and this was the germ of the village. The next building was a frame, used as a store house by Greene Reeves. Other buildings went up, and directly Mr. C, in partnership with Dr. A. M. Johnson, started a dry-goods and grocery store, shipping and packing. Dr. Johnson was one of the most active and enterprising men in the early history of the county, and did much to further the interests of Vermont. After two or three other changes in business he, in 1850, went to California with an ox team. Mr. C. still resides in Vermont. George W. Derry, wagon manufacturer and general blacksmith, west side of the Square, Vermont, 111. Mr. Derry was born near Harper's Ferry, Va., in 1824. His father, Wm. Derry, was also a native Virginian, a farmer, who married Barbara Ross; they had 9 children. George W., the youngest, went to Freeport, Harrison Co., O.. when a lad, and in 1841 emigrated to Astoria, 111., where he went to school and worked at the usual rough and heavy drudg ery of pioneers; worked with Franklin Fackler and Zachariah Gilbert, learning his trade with the latter; carried on business two years at Pulaski, Hancock Co., then resumed business at Astoria. In 1847 he married Melinda Anderson, a daughter of James An derson. For a time Mr. Derry lived in Mason county; in 1853 he settled at Vermont and put up his present establishment, and does a good business. Of his 7 children 5 are living, namely, John and Armadale, manufacturers of wagons and buggies in Vermont; Wm. L., a farmer in Kansas; George L. and Elmer E., at home; and Sarah S., who married E. Knock, of Astoria. W. H. Derry, school-teacher and newspaper correspondent, was born in Freeport, Harrison Co., O., in 1842 ; his folks emigrated to Vermont tp., where he grew to manhood, received a liberal educa tion, has taught school several terms, and been Assessor, Collector, Justice of the Peace, and township Clerk. In 1863 he married Miss Martha Dennison, of Ohio, by whom he has six children, — Vietta, Alonzo, Amos, Dora, Irene and Grace. Democrat. Mr. Derry's father, John D., emigrated from Virginia to Ohio, followed cabinet-making^ and married Miss Bathia Wharton, of Ohio. They had 8 children, 4 of whom are living and are residents of Fulton Co., with one exception. John Derry, with his family, emigrated to Vermont tp. in 1850, where he now resides. Ezra Dilworth. During the spring of 1868 Ezra Dilworth and Emer added to the attractiveness of Vermont in the erection of the two-story brick business bouse on Main st., now owned and occu pied by Ezra Dilworth as a hardware store and agricultural ware- room. Later they erected another, which adds beauty to Main st. As far back as 1854 Messrs. E. & E. Dilworth began business in a small way, — purchasing a small one-story frame building 16x30. This store was stocked with goods from St. Louis. The new firm, HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 913 through well directed energy, business tact and honesty, soon gained for them a trade, and step by step they have climbed far beyond the lowest riindle of the ladder, carrying as large a line of first-class goods as any similar firm in the county. James Dilworth, agriculturist, bought a tract of land near Ver mont in early day, while doing a successful business as a merchant in town ; married Elizabeth Harris, of Farmer's tp., in 1851, by whom he had two children, Clara and Wm., who resides in Fulton Co. Mrs. D. died in Jan., 1867. In Sept., 1869, Mr..D. married Miss Mary Chicken, and they have one child, Elza. Mr. D. owns 340 acres of good land, and recently has erected a fine residence. For the past 15 years he has been School Treasurer, and has been Township Assessor. Rhodes Dilworth, retired farmer, etc., was born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1800, the second child of -Caleb and Ann Dilworth ; at 13 he moved to Ohio and learned the miller's trade ; became proprietor of a mill and a steamboat; came to Vermont in 1837 ; followed farm ing three years; in company with Wm. Felton, built a grist-mill in Vermont ; in 1848 sold out and went into the shipping business at Browning; burned out in 1855, since which time he has been com paratively out of business. He married Rebecca Falk and they had 8 children, but 2 of whom are living: Sarah, who married Joab Mershon, and Lydia, now the wife of Dr. Clevinger. Wax. D'lwort'i, deceased, was born in Chester county, Pa., in 1794; came to Ohio in 1814, where he was a merchant and was married; in 1837 he came and settled first in Vermont tp., followingthe mer cantile business until 1842, and then until 1847 he followed flat- boating to New Orleans. He died in 1863 and was buried in Ver mont cemetery. David T. Dobbins, agriculturist, was born in this tp. in 1849, a son of the next mentioned. He owns and occupies the old home stead on sec. 1, which is one of the best in the county. John C. Dobbins, a well-known pioneer and farmer, was born in Clermont county, O., in 1811; was a Captain in the Black Hawk war; in 1835 married Harriet A. Miller, and next year he emigrated to this tp. and occupied an 80-acre lot of " raw " prairie, which his father had purchased and given him ; went diligently to work and in course of time obtained possession of 500 acres, but he has since given each of his children 120 acres. He reserves 50 acres as a donation to churches. His children were and are : Alexander, who died at Nashville in the late war; Franklin, killed at the battle of Wahatchie Bridge ; Robert and Calvin, who enlisted in Co. H, 28th 111., and Co. D, 151st 111.; and David T., above mentioned. R. N. Dobbins, farmer, sec. 2 ; P. O., Ipava; born in Clermont Co., 0., in 1814; his father, Robert B., was a native of Va., moved to South Carolina,, and after several years back to Va., where he re ceived a collegiate education and became a Presbyterian minister; was an Abolitionist; in 1814 he and his young wife came to Ohio 914 ' HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. on horseback, bringing all their possessions with them ; in 1835 they came to Vermont, where he purchased over a section of land; he died in 1854; Mrs. D. died in Nov., 1847. Robert N., in his 26th year, in this tp., married Martha Jane Erving, daughter of James Erving, of Lancaster, Pa. Oscar Easley, farmer and mill owner, sec 26; P. O., Vermont; was born in Freeport, Harrison Co., O., in 1835 ; his father, Isaac Easley, a native of' Ohio, married Mary Norris, and they became the parents of 11 children; in 1836 they emigrated to this tp., settling upon 120 acres of wild land, and in a round-log cabin, when wolves and panthers abounded here ; Mr. Easley died in 1861 ; Mrs. E. died in 1859. Oscar received a good education ; when the war broke out he enlisted in Co. F, 84th 111. Inf. ; was in the battles of Chicka mauga, Stone River, Resaca, etc. ; honorably discharged in 1865; for 12 years has owned a good saw-mill. In 1859 he married Amy Freeman, daughter of Marshall Freeman, deceased. Children : Marshall, Perry, Fred, Lillie and Norris. Henry Ellison, farmer, sec. 22 ; P. O., Vermont ; born Dec. 25, 1841, in Lancashire, Eng. ; his parents were Wm. and Ann (Blan- don) Ellison, who emigrated to America when Henry was a boy, with 6 children altogether, 4 of whom are living, all in Vermont tp. ; they first located in Ohio, where be remained for 6 years, then to Jefferson Co., where he stayed 3 years, and in the spring of 1852 he settled in this tp. ; they moved into McDonough Co., where Mr. E. died ; Mrs. E. died at the age of 78. Henry has remained in this tp. ; in 1866 he married Miss Rebecca, daughter of Allen Stew art, of Ohio, and they have had two children, Charles and George. Mrs. E. died Aug. 26, 1878. John Ellison, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 22; P. O., Vermont; was born in Lancashire, Eng., in 1835; his parents are referred to in the above sketch ; he passed his boyhood and youth in Ohio, where he received a liberal education ; Feb. 15, 1860, he married Miss Cinah Sidwell, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Sidwell, the former of Maryland and the latter of Penn. ; their children are William, Edward, Thomas, Frank and Elizabeth. Samuel Etnier, farmer, was born in Huntingdon Co., Pa., June 24, 1804. Martin Etnier, his father, was born near Boonesborough, Md., was a soldier under George Washington, afterward married Elizabeth Proctonia and had 10 children, Samuel being the young est. In the 21st year of his age, the latter married Elizabeth Harker, a daughter of Joseph Harker, of Penn. ; spent 4 years in Ohio running a saw-mill, then 8 or 9 years in Penn., then near Ma comb, 111., and finally settled on a \ sec. of raw prairie near Ipava. Mrs. E. died July 19, 1878. Mr. E.'s present wife was Miss Mary Good, a native of Ohio. Bell Fleming, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Ipava. Parents, John and Elizabeth F., the former a native of Ireland, who came to New Brunswick in his 10th year, and ultimately to this county, where HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 915 in 1848 he married Elizabeth Kitt, purchased 80 acres of land and settled down to farming, commencing poor but now having 360 acres of valuable land and ranking among the leading farmers of the tp. Mrs. F. died in 1870. Bell was born in 1853, attended a business college, and in 1878 married a daughter of Eben Freeman, of this tp. Lewis Fleury, farmer and merchant, sec 17; P. O., Vermont; was born in Penn., near Philadelphia, in 1809; his father, Pierre Fleury, emigrated from France to that place in 1798, was a bril liant, well educated man, and private secretary to the French min ister, Petrie ; married Elizabeth Sanford in Virginia, by whom he had 6 children ; Lewis, the eldest son, grew to manhood in Wash ington, learned the carpenter's trade, emigrated to Ross Co., Ohio, in 1828, married Mary daughter of Coonrod Zimmerman, and their children are 7, viz: Eugene, born in Kingston, Ross Co., O., Feb. 4, 1839; Mary E., born in Kingston Sept. 8, 1838, died Feb. 16, 1841; Adelaide, born Sept. 16, 1840, at the same place, died July 27, 1846; Eliza J., born Feb. 16, 1842, same place, and married David Bell; Julia, born Oct. 16, 1843, and married Robert Bailey; Estelle, born July 18, 1844, in Ross Co.; Adeline, born Aug. 7, 1847, in Fulton Co. ; Edgar, born Dec 7, 1848, in Fulton Co. ; Belle, born April 1, 1853, in same county; and Ella, born in 1857. Eugene enlisted in Co. H, 65th 111. Inf., May 19, 1862. Cyrus F. Fordyce, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Table Grove ; was born in Green Co., Pa., in 1807 ; lived in Ohio a few years, and in 1828 came to Fulton Co, ; in Ohio again during the deep snow ; returned to this county in 1831 ; saw hard times; in 1835 he married Par melia Hughes, daughter of George Hughes, of Farmers' tp., and he has 3 children living, — John, George and Mary. John F. Fordyce, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 7 ; P. O., Table Grove; was born in Fulton county in 1836; reared amid pioneer associations; enlisted in Co. F, 183d 111. Inf. ; honorably discharged after 8 months' service; Sept. 25, 1860, married Minerva I. Hagans, daughter of Campbell Hagans, of Eldorado tp., McDonough Co. ; their children are, Clara, Henry (dec), Effie, Frank, Sherman, Bruce, Charles and Freeman. Mr. Fordyce has taught school some and was once a business man in Table Grove. Daniel Frazier, farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Belmont, Co., Ohio, in 1825; his father, Wm. Frazier, was born in North Carolina, but moved while young to Ohio, where he married Miss Anna Ross; of this marriage 12 children were born, of whom 8 are living. Daniel, the fifth of these, was married in Noble Co., 0., in 1850 to Miss Nancy Stoneking, by whom he has 5 children, two have died. Sarah A. married S. Brown, of Astoria tp.; Wm., John and Lucy (twins), and Mary B. reside at home. Reuben Frazier, farmer, sec. 34 ; P. O., Vermont ; born in Bel mont Co., O., in 1827. His father, Wm. F., was a North Caro linian, who emigrated to Ohio in early day. Reuben married, in 916 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Ohio, Mary E. Swan, daughter of John and Elizabeth S., by whom he had 10 children, 5 now living, — Rebecca C, Daniel S., Emma J., Nancy E. and Anna. In 1856 he came to this county. Mrs. F. died July 19, 1871 ; Oct. 26, 1872, Mr. F. married Melinda Derry, daughter of Solomon Derry, and had one child. In 1864 Mr. Frazier enlisted in Co. H, 12th 111. Inf., and was in the battle of Kingston, N. C. Ebenezer Freeman, agriculturist, sec 35 ; P. O., Vermont. Mar shall G. Freeman (father of Ebenezer) was a native of the Bay State, learned shoe-making while young; moved to Providence, B. I., where he married Europa Stafford, by whom he had 11 children. In early days he emigrated to Isabel township, this county, and in company with Samuel Hackelton erected a grist-mill on Spoon river, but it was swept away by a freshet. The next year he sent for his family. In 1835 he entered Government land on section 35, Ver mont township, and proceeded according to the necessities and char acteristics of the times to make a home. He succeeded, as nearly all the sturdy pioneers have done, in this domestic enterprise, and he died Sept. 28, 1859, leaving a good farm. Mrs. F. is still in this world, 71 years old. Ebenezer married Anna Nelson in his 23d year, and they have had 9 children : Marvil, Nelson, Corrilla, Mar shall, Mary, Charles, Laura, Lucy and Arthur. W. L. Green, house-painter, Vermont. W. P. Green, contractor, builder and chair-maker, Vermont, was born in Fayette county, Pa., in 1822; learned his trade in that State; in 1842 married Miss Eliza, daughter of Bowell Brownfield, of that county; enlisted in Co. G, 85th Regt. Pa. Vol., and participated in many noted battles, as Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, etc. ; was honor ably discharged in 1864 ; remained at his old home until 1868, when he emigrated to Wayne county, 111., and two years later to this county. He guarantees all his work ; headquarters at the factory on Main street. Willis Hager, farmer, stock-raiser and shipper, sec 13; P. 0., Ipava. This gentleman is well known as a business man, liberal and industrious. He is engaged extensively in shipping. Wilson Hager, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 12; P. O., Ipava; was born in Belmont courtty, O., in 1827, son of Jacob Hager, an Ohio farmer who died many years ago, and whose widow died in Vermont township more recently. The subject of this paragraph grew up in his western home, and in 1871 married Martha Middle- ton, daughter of John and Martha Middleton. Katy is their only child. In this township and McDonough county Mr. H. owns 500 acres of land ; is an extensive dealer in stock. .. John Hall, farmer, sec. 34 ; P. O., Vermont ;• born in Belmont Co., O., in 1816; married Mary Ann, daughte*r of Daniel Knock, by whom he has 5 children. In 1839 he'came to Vermont *P-» where he has since lived; was a cooper by trade but is now a farmer. One day, when out in the woods cutting hoop-poles, Mr. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 917 Hall heard his dog barking a little way off, and going to the spot he found that the dog had treed a large catamount. On his arrival the cat jumped down, aiming to attack the dog, but failed at the first effort. However he turned upon the dog and would have killed him had not Mr. Hall at that juncture run up to them, and given the wild apimal a. few well directed blows with his hatchet, and killed him. Edward Hamer, merchant and farmer, was born in Delaware Co., Pa., Sept. 30, 1816; in 1829 his parents moved to Chester Co., where he learned the tailor's trade and remained until 1854, when he emigrated to Vermont, 111., where he has since continued in busi ness. In all he has kept store nearly 40 years. In Chester Co., Pa., Aug., 1860, he married Miss A. A. Morris, and they have two daughters, — S. M. and M. H. Mr. Hamer is a Republican and has held several local offices : is not a member of any Church or society. He is a prominent business man who has won a high repu tation. Patterson Hamer, merchant, was born and reared in Eastern Pennsylvania, where he taught school, worked on a farm and learned the tailor's trade. His cousin Edward (noticed above) assisted him in his educational career, and they subsequently entered the dry- goods aud grocery business in partnership, excluding the retail of hquors. Although many predicted their defeat, they succeeded, and continued to prosper for 14 years, while many other business firms in their community failed. In 1854 they came to Vermont and purchased the building they now occupy, besides several town lots, and other business property. They are also joint owners of a valuable farm, and have done much toward the material advance ment of the village of their choice. Patterson has declined all pub lic office except that of Supervisor or other local positions. He has always been opposed to slavery, and in the days of its existence he aided many a fugitive. In the late war he contributed largely to its prosecution, hoping thereby the sooner to end it. Vol. Thomas Hamer was born in Union Co., Pa., in 1818. His father, James Hamer, was born in 1785, also in Pa., and he was the son of James fiimer, of Scotland, who settled in Northumberland Co. prior to the Revolutionary war, and was elected the first Sher iff of that county. He married Elizabeth Lyon and had 8 children, the eldest of whom was James. James H. was a farmer, settled in Vermont, 111., in 1845, and died there. He was a very generous man. Col. Thomas Hamer received a thorough education in his youth, besides being brought up at farm work; clerked in a dry- goods and grocery store for several years; in 1847 was employed as clerk by Joab M&rshon for. two years, then entered partnership with Jas. A. Russell-ancl Richard Johnson in the dry-goods line, and prospered until the spring of 1851, when Jack Matheny plundered the store and set fire to the building, entailing a total loss of $8,000. He was then in partnership with E. & P. Hamer until 1861, when 918 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the war broke out, and he organized 'Cos. B and F, 84th 111. Inf., and was commissioned Major. He beat Bragg in a race to Louis ville, Ky., and afterward was engaged in pursuit of the same rebel general in a race for Nashville ; was wounded at the battle of Stone River, but next day after receiving the wound he commanded so valiantly that his men gave him a gold watch as a testimonial ofhis. enthusiasm; his wound, however, compelled him to resign. He came home and finally recovered. In 1864 he entered mercantile business, which he followed until 1876, when he 6old out to Ayres & Whitney. He has been Supervisor, and has been nominated three different times for the Legislature by the Republican party, drawing the full vote; has been delegate to every Republican county convention held since he came into the State ; and was elected President of the annual Army Reunion at Springfield. In 1850 he married Harriet E. Johnson, daughter of Franklin John son, a native of New York. Has had 6 children : two are living now, namely, Wylie and Lee Ray. James Harmon, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Penn., in 1815, son of James Harmon, sr., a farmer, and Margaret (Neeley) ; he first learned the plasterer's trade, whicli he followed 37 years ; married Martha Keene, who died, leaving 4 children, — Cal vin, Margaret, James and Isabel. In 1849 Mr. H. settled in this tp. In 1860 he married Tacy Hagar, by whom he has one child, Nancy. Jacob S. Harper, miller, was born in Jefferson Co., O., Feb. 14, 1830. His father, Joseph Harper, was a carpenter, a native of Pa., and died when Jacob was yet a lad. The latter learned to be a black smith, married Myrtila Wasson, of Pa., had 5 children, 3 of whom are living, — Indiana, Montie and Dilla. In the spring of 1855 Mr. Harper settled in Vermont, worked one year in the blacksmith shop of Geo. Durell, and then 8 years for T. F. Wisdom ; 1862-6 he fol lowed the business independently, then bought an interest in the steam grist-mill east of the public square; in 1869 he purchased an interest in the City Mills, in partnership with Jesse Bogue. Alfred Hart, cabinet manufacturer and dealer, was born in Kent, Eng., in 1817. His father, Wm. Hart, was a paper-maker, who died in England, leaving several children, Alfred, the eldest, re ceived a liberal education and early rendered himself proficient in the trade of cabinet-maker. In 1 847 he married Sarah Hattan, by whom he had 6 children, 3 of whom are living, — Alfred, Charlotte and Louisa. In 1849 Mr. Hart came to America and located in Vermont the following spring, since which time he has pursued his vocation. Aaron Hickle, deceased, was born in Virginia, but was taken to Ohio when he was 7 years of age, where he grew to manhood and married Sarah Stanhope, daughter of George and Mary Stanhope, of New Jersey. In 1848 he came to Vermont tp., and died in 1877. He left a wife and 8 children: Rebecca, who died Aug. 27, 1874; George, who married Miss Parmelia Wilson and resides in this tp.; HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 919 Eliza, who married John Brown and resides also in this tp.; Sa mantha, who married John Mills and resides in Astoria tp. ; Harriet, who married Wm. Grady and resides in Astoria; John, who mar ried Agnes Diehl and lives in Vermont tp. ; Sigourney, who mar ried Elisha Elliot and lives in Woodland tp. ; and Cassius A., who dwells on the old homestead. Thomas Holmes, farmer and stock-raiser, sec 3 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Washington (now Marion) Co., Ky., Nov. 7, 1813. His father, Nathan Holmes, was also a native of Kentucky, a farmer, who married Mary Miller, of Ky. In 1833 the family came to Farmers' township. Dec. 1, 1836, Mr. Thos. Holmes married Bachel Derry, daughter of John Derry, of Va. In the fall of 1836 he built a cabin, and continued to labor industriously and economi cally until he is now a wealthy man. His present fine residence was buit in 1865. He now owns 500 acres of valuable land. He has had 10 children, 8 living now : Mary, who married Samuel Miner and now lives in Kansas ; Sarah, now the wife of Thomas Matthews in Nebraska; Josephine A., the wife of Harrison Edie; William, who married Miss Battles and after her decease, Miss Mary Stoops ; Franklin, who married Sarah Hipsley ; Charles, who resides in Ver mont; Edward, still at the old homstead. Thomas E., a grand-son, also lives at the homestead. Wm. H. Holmes, farmer, sec. 3 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born on the old homstead in this tp., in 184o, son of Thomis Holmes; pur sued a business course of study at Lewistown ; on Christmas, 1867, he married Olive E. Battles, daughter of G. W. Battles, formerly a merchant of Ipava, but now a resident of California. Their only child is Edward B. Mrs. H. died Sept. 20, 1871. In 1873 Mr. H. married Sarah J. Stoops, daughter of Wm. and Keziah S., early settlers here. Of the latter marriage were born Wm. S., Gertrude F. and Olive M. Ellis Hoopes, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 26 ; P. O., Vermont ; is a native ,of Chester Co., Pa., born in 1804; his father was also a Pennsylvanian and a school-teacher, married Elizabeth King aud had 9 children, the eldest but one of whom is Ellis, jr. The family moved to Ohio about 1813, where Ellis was educated and learned carpentering; was naturally very skillful ; in 1826 he married Miss Grace Foulk, daughter of" Judith and Sarah F., natives of Bucks Co., Pa. ; in 1841 he came to Vermont tp., where he has since re sided, making for himself a comfortable home. July 27, 1878, Mrs. H. was buried in Vermont cemetery. S. F. Hoopes, manufacturer of and dealer in buggies and car riages, Vermont ; was born in Ohio in 1839; in 1841 his parents settled, with him, in Vermont tp. When 19 years old Silas F. commenced to learn his trade, proved extraordinary apt, and in 1859 entered partnership with his elder brother William. In the war he enlisted in the 3d 111. Cav., in the Musical Corps, or Regi mental Band. He returned home and opened the large manufac- 920 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. turing establishment he now occupies. In 1864 he married Miss Mary J. Cox, daughter of Caleb Cox. They have three boys and one girl. Dr. A. L. Hoover, Vermont, was born in Wayne Co.,. Ind., in 1843. His father was John Hoover, a farmer, also a native of In diana. Abraham L. was reared in his native county, and to obtain an education he had to earn money at 40 cents a day, chopping wood, making rails, etc, and taught school some. He studied medicine at Ann Arbor, Mich., at the University, and commenced practice at Baltimore (now New Haven), Mich. Here he married Delia J. Knotts, daughter of N. C. Knotts, of Pa., and they 'have one child. He spent 5 years at Eaton, Ind., and then came to Ver mont, where he has established himself in a good practice. He takes special pride in his library, supplying himself with the latest valuable works and keeping up with the times. H. S. Jacobs, Justice of the Peace, was born in 1822 in Ken tucky; his father, John Jacobs, was a native of old Virginia, a sailor, who had to discontinue his occupation prior to the war of 1812, owing to the cessation of commerce and the troubles which led to the war. He moved to Kentucky in 1810, married Nancy Gwinn, by whom he had 12 children. Harrison S., the 5th child, attained his 12th year, when his parents moved with him to Mis souri; at the age of 18 he went to St. Louis, learned the chair- maker's trade, married Miss M. W. Coolidge, and in 1849 settled in Astoria, continuing the business of chair-making 4 years. , In 1870 he was elected Justice of the Peace for the tp. of Vermont, in which capacity he has given great satisfaction. John Kelly, farmer, sec 8 ; P. O., Table Grove ; born in Ver mont township, Oct. 14, 1837. His father, Ebenezer Kelly was a Kentucky farmer, who married Susan Hayes and had 11 children. In 1834 the family emigrated to this township, and Mr. K. built his own and many other cabins ; in later years he became sucessful in the more modern system of architecture. He died in 1874, and Mrs. K. is still living, a resident of Vermont. Five of their chil dren survive: Elizabeth, who married John Hamer, of Vermont; John, who married Sarah A. Hodgen ; Martha, who married Jean Moore, resides in Nebraska ; Mary, who is married and lives in Farmers' township ; and Carr, who married Ella Simmons and re sides in Vermont. Henry Kirkbride, keeper of livery and feed stable, Vermont, the oldest and most successful institution of the kind ever establish ed in the place. He commenced business prior to the building of the O, B. &Q. Railroad to this point, and by enterprise, persever ance and integrity he has outstripped all his competitors, many of them having started in the race and "got left." Mr. K. of course keeps a first-class line of carriages and stock. A. J. Koons, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 10 ; P. O., Vermont. Thirty years ago Mr. Koons arrived in Fulton county with only HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 921 half a dollar, and now has a fine 250-acre farm with a handsome brick residence upon it, — all from his energy and economy. He was born in New Jersey in 1830; his parents were Jonathan and Elizabeth Koons ; he learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, but afterward worked 3 years on a farm in Pennsylvania ; then, in 1848, he emigrated to Ipava; in 1857 he married Margaret Kost; in 1862 he enlisted in Co. B., 84th 111. Inf.; returned to his farm, on which he has prospered ever since. He was among the first to adopt tile draining, and now has 1,900 rods of 3 and 4-inch tiling on his farm. His dwelling is possibly the finest in the county. He has but one child, Frank, born in this county in 1859, who is a natural artist. . Abraham Kost, agriculturist, sec 11 ; P. O., Ipava ; born in Penn. in 1821, son of John Kost; was 12 years old when the family emi grated with him to Ohio ; there he received a liberal education, and in 1842 married Mary Walker, daughter of Jesse W., by whom he has had 4 children ; settled in Astoria in an early day, buying a piece of land, and after a residence there of 5 years he moved into Ver mont tp. He has had 4 children ; Julia Ann, who married Jabez Beers; Elizabeth, who first married James Koons, and, after his death in the army, R. S. Thomas ; William and Catharine, who mar ried James Hayes. 1^. F. Kost, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Ipava; born in Fulton county; is a young, enterprising farmer; was brought up amid pioneer surroundings and influences, and inured to industrious habits. D. W. Lambert, farmer, sec. 16; P. O., Vermont; was born in Knox Co., O., in 1844, the second son of Francis L. and Mary M. Lambert. Francis L. was a soldier and musician in the Mexican war, a member of the 2d Ohio regt. ; in the late war he was elected Captain of Co. I, 95th Ohio ; in 1876 he came to Illinois and soon after died. D. W. came to Illinois in 1860; in 1861 he enlisted in Co. L., 7th 111., Cav.; in 1864 re-elisted as Sergeant; during the war he was in 27 battles.. He also participated in Grierson's raid, riding 800 miles in 12 days. In 1873 he settled in this tp., mar ried Miss Sarah A. Barron, and they had one child, Myrtle, who was born in Feb., 1874, and died the following May. In Dec, 1877, Mr. L. was married (a second time) to Phcebe J. Beatty, and they have one child. Brinton Levis was born Dec 19, 1805, in Chester Co., Pa., passed his youth there, except 6 years on the sea as a sailor ; obtained a systematic education withal ; in 1828 he married Phoebe Ann, daughter of Wm. Ring, and they had 11 children, only 5 of whom now survive, namely : William, who married Miss Harriet Cox ; Joseph, who married Amanda Smith ; Rebecca, who married Stephen Bogue ; Sarah J., who married Caleb Brinton, and Mary F., who is still at the old homestead. Mr. Lewis served in the army during the Mexican war, and about 1850 he settled in this tp. and has fol lowed farming and teaching school. He was in all the battles in 922 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. the valley near the city of Mexico, as Chapultepec, Churubusco, Contreras, Molino del Rey, etc., two of these being the most severe of the campaign. Always votes the straight Democratic ticket. Benjamin Marshall, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Indiana Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1830, son of Walter Marshall, also a native of Pa., and a farmer, who married Mary Purnell and had 7 children ; Benjamin, the eldest, grew to manhood in Pennsylvania, receiving a liberal education, married Margaret Duncan, and had 7 children, — 6 of whom are living, — Hadillah, Louisa, Wm. H., Scott (dec), Stewart, Mary and Emma. May 31, 1855, he located in this tp., purchasing 40 acres of land, where he now has an ex cellent orchard and vineyard; in the latter are a thousand vines. He is pretty generally ahead, also in quality of live stock and poultry. J. S. Marshall, farmer ; P. O., Ipava ; born in Jefferson Co., 0., in 1816; in 1823 his father', Wm. Marshall, died; he was brought up to farm labor and strict habits of economy and perseverance, and is now credited with being the wealthiest citizen in Vermont tp. Wm. Marshall, farmer and stock-raiser, sec 22 ; P. O., Ver mont; born in Harrison Co., O., in 1823. His father, of the same name, was a native of Pa., moved when young to Ohio, followed teaming, many times going over the mountains to Baltimore; mar ried Miss Sarah Marshall, of Ohio. Of the four children two are living, John S. and Wm. (Margaret and Thomas deceased). Wm., jr., was but 13 years old when his father died (in 1835), and he then accompanied his mother and brother to this tp. Wm. commenced going to school at the age of 16, in an old-fashioned log- school- house characteristic of the times. In 1851 he married Charlotte Loomis, daughter of Russell G. L., and they have had 6- children, only 2 of whom are living,— Ross E. and Alice J. Thomas Maxwell, farmer; P. O., Ipava. This gentleman was born in Ohio in 1847; in 1856 he became a resident of Vermont tp., where he rents 150 acres of land. In 1874 he married Miss Loviua Boozle. They have one child living, — Perry. Andrew E. McCartney, deceased, was a native of Kentucky. His father, James McC, was from Virginia. Andrew E. was reared on a farm; in 1839 he emigrated to Vermont tp. Mrs. McC. is still living. They had 11 children, 9 of whom are yet living: John A., Andrew E. (on the homestead), Rachel E., Benj. F., Addison P., John H. (married Belle Underwood), Mattie I. (married Melvin T. Wilson) and Delilah C. Wm. McCarty, farmer, sec. 27; P. O., Vermont; was born in Frederick Co., Va., near Winchester, in 1811. His father, John McC, was born in Frederick Co., Md., a farmer, and married Han nah Nevitt, of Va., by whom he had 8 children. Wm., the eldest, settled in Belmont Co., O., in an early day and followed farming; in 1838 he married Susannah Derry, in Coshocton Co., daughter of Wm. Derry, of Va., and had 11 children, only five of whom now HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 923 survive, — Elizabeth, Sarah, Wm. P., Isaac and David. This family resided in Mason Co., 111., from 1844 to 1867, then moved to this tp. Columbus McCurdy, physician and surgeon, Vermont, was born in McDonough Co., 111., in 1844. His father, Alex. McC, a miller, was born in Virginia, but emigrated to McDonough Co. in an early day; in 1843 he married Eliza Renner; in 1847 he settled in Ver mont, where he followed his vocation until his death in 1851 ; his widow died in 1875. The only survivor of the family is the sub ject of this sketch, who thoroughly educated himself at the common schools, studied medicine under Drs. Taylor & Clark, and subse quently graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati, 0. In 1873 he married Caroline Freeman, daughter of Marshall Freeman, a pioneer. Dr. McC. is regarded as both learned and skilled in his profession. Wm. McCurdy, deceased, a well and favorably known pioneer, was born in Virginia in 1808; the name of his first wife we were not able to obtain ; his second wife was a Miss Eliza Elliot, born in Ohio; in 1832 he settled in Fulton Co., 111., as a farmer, but soon resumed his trade of harness-maker; he died in 1870, leaving a wife and the following children : Joseph and Martin, in California; Jane, in Bushnell ; Mary, Maggie, Henrietta, William and J. R., all in Vermont. The last mentioned married Elizabeth Harris, of Cass Co., and has one child, Tony E. Wm. Mellor, attorney at law, is a native of Manchester, Eng., born in 1830; having acquired a liberal education, at the age of 17 he came to America and located in Eldorado tp., McDonough Co., 111.; labored hard at farm work for a season, and then went to Ver mont and clerked in Stevens & Winans' dry-goods store for 4 years, then was a member of the firm of Heizer & Co., dry-goods dealers, until the financial panic of 1857; then traveled in the South as salesman of nursery stock until the spring of 3 861, when he re turned to Vermont and warned the people in a public speech what the South intended to do, but was little heeded. In 1862 he joined the 103d 111. Inf., was unanimously elected 2d Lieut, of Co. F., then (Oct. 18, '62) 1st Lieut, and Regt. Q. M., which position he retained until the war closed. April 2, 1864, he was incarcerated in the rebel prison at Atlanta, then 3 weeks at Andersonville, then to Macon, Savannah and Charleston, where, Nov. 15, 1864, he was exchanged. Taking two months in Annapolis, Md., and a short time at home in Vermont to recover health, he was assigned to Benton Barracks, Mo., as Q. M., and May 15, 1865, he was honor ably discharged. Before the war he had read law, and during his life he has been Supervisor, Tp. Collector, Clerk, etc. In 1847 he married Charlotte Cowan, in England, and has three children, — George, Robert and Luella. Isaac Mendenhall, farmer, sec. 26 ; P. O., Vermont. Mr. M. was born in Chester Co., Pa., in 1815. His father, Aaron, also a 924 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. native of Penn., married Deborah Brown and had 10 children,, Isaac being the eldest son. The latter married Jane Kinsey, daughter of John Kinsey, and they had 4 children, — Mary E., Wm., John and Esther J. Mrs. M. died in 1849, and the same year Mr. M. married Hannah J. Thompson, and they had 8 children. In 1864 Mr. M. emigrated with his family to this tp. Elmer Meredith, farmer, sec 1 2 ; P. 0„ Ipava. Born in Morrow Co., O., Feb. 18, 1852. Benjamin Meredith, his father, was also an Ohioan, and a physician and surgeon. Elmer married Catherine, daughter of Daniel Lybarger, an old settler here, and they have 3 children, — Alta B., Lillian and William. In 1873 Mr. M. pur chased his present farm. Henry Mershon, one of the leading merchants of the county, of the firm of J. & H. Mershon, the senior being his father. Henry is a native of this county, has been reared amid pioneer associations, and has by his integrity of character and capacity won a high place in the esteem of his fellow citizens. Their stock of goods is always selected with great care, so that in the quality of their goods as well as in low price, etc., they are not surpassed. J. & H. Mershon, dealers in dry-goods, Vermont. Among the mercantile houses of Vermont undoubtedly the most extensive is that of Joab and Henry Mershon ; their goods are selected with great care, are all in style and durable. As early as 1842 the senior part ner of this firm began mercantile business in this place on Main street, and steady prosperity so attended him that he has enlarged and improved his building from time to time, keeping fully up with the demands of the community. He also carries on a banking busi ness, where his integrity and business qualifications have been dem onstrated to the satisfaction of the public. Joab Mershon, banker and merchant, is one of the leading busi ness men of Fulton Co., a position he has obtained purely by merit. Years ago he commenced in Vermont with no capital but that of the mind and heart, which, however, was considerable. An abiding faith in the future prosperity of this township and county, joined with industry, mental capacity and honesty has enabled him to-day to rank among the highest in this section of the country. Martin Miles, proprietor of the meat market, Vermont, was born in McDonough Co., 111., in 1837 ; came to Vermont about 1870, and in 1877 entered his present business. He married Melissa Husted in McDonough Co., and has two daughters and one son. Abner Miller, farmer and stock-raiser, sec 23 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Noble county, O., in 1836 ; his father, Stephen Miller, was also a native of the Buckeye State, where he married Phoebe Ross and had 5 children, — Elijah, Amos, Abner, Mary J. and Sarah A. In 1855 the family moved to this tp. and Mr. M. died in Aug., 1878 : Mrs. M. is still living, upward of 73 years oki> Abner was in his 18th year at the immigration to this place ; in 1859 he mar ried Ethelminda Walker, daughter of Jesse Walker, who settled in HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 925 this township in 1,853. Children : Jonathan L., Mary A., Frances E., Josephine, Emma, Lewis, Jesse G. and Howard, besides one deceased. Abraham Miller, farmer, sec. 2 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Pa., in 1803; his parents were Abraham and Catherine (Bender) Miller, the former an agriculturist, who moved to Ohio in 1815 and died in 1827, in Clermont Co., that 'State; the latter migrated to Vermont tp. in 1836 and died in 1842. Abraham, the younger, grew to man hood in Ohio, where he married Miss Mary G., daughter of Robert Dobbins, and has had since the following-named children : Eliza J., who married John Cadwallader and resides in Bushnell township, McDonough Co.; Mary, who married Cyrus Bartholomew, and after his decease John Ross ; Robert M., who married Mary Cadwallader, and after her decease Miss Sarah Ackerson ; and Amanda Ann, who married Jesse Wiley, of Hancock Co. Robert M. was severely wounded at the battle of Murfreesborough. Jacob Miller, farmer, .sec 2; P. O., Ipava; was born in Penn. in 1814; in 1815 the family moved to Ohio; in 1836 Mr. M. emi grated to Vermont township ; in 1839 he married Amanda, daughter of Bev. Robert Dobbins, a Presbyterian minister, and the second settler on the prairie in this township. These are the children: Philetus, who was killed in 1863 by a horse. running away; Mary C, ; Eliza M. ; and Jane C, who married Charles Hixon, of this county. Mr. and Mrs. M. relate many interesting reminiscences of pioneer times. Joseph Miller, retired farmer, sec. 10; P. O., Vermont. Abraham Miller, his father, is above alluded to. Mr. Joseph Miller was born in Clermont county, O., Nov. 10, 1817; in the spring of 1836 he settled on "Ipava Prairie," working as a farm hand. In 1844 he married Jane Stoops, daughter of Michael Stoops, of Ohio, and they have had 6 children, 3 of whom are living, — Michael S., John W. and Laura Leoni, — and are in this county. Charles R. Morgan, farmer and fruit-grower, sec. 6 ; born in 1851, in Fulton county, on the old homestead of his parents, Wm. and Esther Morgan, whose biographies are next given. Wm. Morgan, deceased, was born near Saratoga Springs, N. Y.; married Hannah WTheeler and had 3 children ; then married Esther Walworth ; in 1832 he moved to Ft. Dearborn, 111. (now Chicago), when there was but one grocery store there ; soon afterward he moved to Vermont township. He died, leaving to the care of his wife 7 children. Peter married Miss Martha Crow and resides at Farmington; Walter married Mary Decamppes (?), Diamond City, Montana, and Elsie is deceased. Of the second marriage were born Hannah, who married Geo. Fike and resides at Table Grove ; Janus H., who first married Mary Harmon, and afterward Alice Mark- ham, now residing at Bardolph ; Lydia, who married Wm. Haller and resides in Wayne county, Iowa ; Jacob W.? who married Lyctya 54 926 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Coulter and resides at Foster Point, McDonough Co. ; and Charles R., unmarried. Hiram A. Pickering, farmer, sec. 15; P. O., Vermont; was born in Harrison Co., O., in 1836, son of Hiram Pickering, a native of the Old Dominion, who moved to Ohio in early day and married He lena McNamee. Hiram grew to manhood in Ohio and married Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Abel Pickering, of Va. In April, 1860, he came and settled in Farmers' tp. ; in 1852 he removed to Vermont tp. His children are Susannah, Elva, Cordelia, Flora, Franklin, Oscar and Ellen. Geo. W. Powell, farmer, sec. 4, was born in Pickaway Co., 0., in 1821, lived during his youth in Menard Co., 111., obtaining a fair education ; then labored as a farm hand about two years in White- sides Co., 111. ; then in Fulton Co. awhile in the same capacity. In 1850 he bought 100 acres of unimproved land; in 1852 he mar ried Elizabeth Abernathy, daughter of Charles A., one of the older pioneers of the county. He worked hard, managed well, bought more land and continued to prosper until the present time. Milem and Albert are his children. Joseph D. Powell, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 4 ; P. O., Table Grove; born in Pickaway Co., Q., in 1827. His father, Samuel P., was born in Virginia, moved first to Kentucky, then to Ohio, where he married Elizabeth Alptire, by whom he had 12 children, Joseph being, the youngest but one ; the family emigrated to Menard Co., 111., in the fall of 1827 ; Mr. Samuel P. dealt in stock, increased his property, and was Road Commissioner for the Springfield and Havana road; he died in 1835. Mrs. P. died in 1856. Joseph settled in this county in his 18th year; in 1849 he married Caroline Baughman, daughter of Daniel B., a Virginian. He now owns 480 acres of land and a valuable farm residence. He has withal been correspondingly generous, contributing largely to Abingdon College, Knox Co., and to the construction of the Rushville branch of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Wm. Provine, miller, was born in Clark Co., Ind., a son of Wm. and Mary Provine. Wm. P., sen., was a native of Tennessee, but early came to Kentucky, where he married Mary Buchanan, and in 1803 emigrated to Indiana where he was county surveyor. Wil liam, in 1836, settled in Macomb, 111., where he worked three years at his trade.as cabinet-maker. In 1838 he married Paulina Scott, daughter of Martin Scott, of Ky. In 1847 be moved to Vermont and engaged in wool-carding for a short time, and then for 10 years he was connected with Isaac Witchell and Jesse Burr in the build ing and running of a saw-mill ; then he was a merchant at Abing don a short time, then back to Vermont, and in company with Stevens & Winans remodeled and ran the Excelsior Mills (now the Monitor). In 1858 he went to Tennessee, 111., then to Bushnell, then back to Vermont, then assisted in building the flouring mill at Astoria now owned by Wm, Kost, Of the 11 children born to him 7 are living. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ' 927 Wm. Rankin, retired Tamer, Vermont ; was born in York Co., Pa., May 10', 1806, son of John and Martha Rankin, who moved to Jefferson Co., O., when Wm. was in his 7th year ; the latter worked a short time as a miller; he married Miss Sarah, daughter of Bobert and Martha Mercer, and they have had 13 children. In 1847 the family settled in this township, near where Vermont now is; some years afterward he bought 35 acres of land, which he has subsequently increased to a much greater amount and is now in affluence. Children — John,- Rhodes, Jane (dec), Martha, who married Charles Branson, of Woodland tp., Olive (?) A., who married Wm. Hall ; Alice, who married Henry Taylor, Emily (dec), Julia A. (dec), James (dec.) and Charles D. Elias Ring was born in Chester Co., Penn., in .1831, where he received a liberal education and resided the greater portion of his life in Vermont tp. ; in 1872 he married Mattie M., daughter of Henry Bailey, of Belmont Co., O. ; in 1873 he purchased the town property he now owns, including the millinery establishment pre sided over by Mrs. Ring, and the wagon shops of Adams & Sexton, and he rents also the photograph gallery of Samuel Murphy. Mrs. B.'s millinery business is unequaled in Vermont. Joseph Robinson, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 1 ; P. O., Ipava. Thomas Bobinso"n, his father, was a native of Penn., a farmer, who married Anna Branson, of the same State, and of their 6 children Joseph was the eldest, being born in 1813 in Chester Co., Pa. The family emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1841, settling on a quarter of sec. 1, Vermont tp. The father died in his 66th year, and the mother survived him a year. In 1845 Joseph married Ruth Bogue, daughter of Jonathan B. Mary, the wife of Elmer Meredith, in this township, is their only child. Elder J. B. Royal, minister of the Christian Church, was born in Franklin Co., O., Nov. 1, 1816; his father, Thos. Royal, was born in Manchester, Eng., and came to America near tire beginning of the Bevolutionary war and fought for American independence ; he sub sequently married a Miss Cooper in Virginia, raised a family, and after her death he married Rebecca Matthews; then moved to Franlin Co., O., where the second wife died, leaving one child ; he afterward married Ellen Brink, by whom he had one son, — Joseph, whose name heads this sketch. In 1824 they came to Sangamon Co., 111. Aug. 19, 1841, Joseph married Louisa Downing, in San gamon Co., who died Jan. 8, 1853, in Vermont, 111., leaving 4 children (2 died young). Mr. and Mrs. Royal have 3 children, — Geo. A., Mollie M. ; and Eugene D., who married Emma S. Sex ton. Joseph B. has formerly been pastor of the Christian Church here, and has been in the ministry 32 years. Charles Russell, sec. 11, is among the- more prominent farmers of Vermont township. James A. Russell, a pioneer merchant of Vermont, is a native of Alexandria, Va., where he was born in 1819. He first studied civil 928 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. engineering, then followed the sea for a time, then was civil engin eer in Terre Haute, assisting in the survey, location and building of the Wabash Canal, in 1840 settled in Vermont, followed farming, and finally mercantile business. He married Miss Elizabeth John son, of New York, in 1846. Of their 7 children 5 are living, viz: Frank, who married Miss Ida Sturges and lives in Peoria ; Oscar H., a partner of his father in the drug business ; Lula, Eva and Charley. John Searl, farmer and minister, sec. 19; P. O., Vermont; was born in Campbell Co., Ky., son of James Searl, a native of Steuben Co., N. Y., and who married Anna Mayall in Ky. ; in 1834 emi grated to Sangamon Co., 111., with an ox team, and next year set tled in Vermont tp. ; he died May 10, 1852, and his wife April 7, 1870. John was in his third year when his parents settled in Ful ton Co. ; was liberally educated as he grew up; in 1849 he married Rebecca Parrish, daughter of Enoch Parrish ; in 1878 was licensed by the M. E. Church to preach.. His living children are: Emma, Nancy, Jasper E., Elizabeth and Aldia B. He has 148 acres of land. George Shaver, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Ipava; born in Penn. in 1816 ; his father, a Penn. farmer, married Mary Glass, of New Jer sey, and they had 10 children, George, the youngest; March 8, 1838, he married Margaret McElhaney, daughter of Wm. and Catharine McE., and they had 9 children, of whom 6 are living, — Kate, Camelia, Ann, Maggie, John and Samuel. In 1846 this family emigrated to this county, settling near Bernadotte, but the following autumn he located permanently in Vermont tp. Jan. 9, 1873, Mrs. S. died, and Jan. 23, 1876, Mr. S. married Miss Mary, daughter of John Matthewson, of Vermont. E. Sidwell, grain dealer and shipper, Vermont, was born in Bel mont Co., O., Nov., 1828,' in 1839 he accompanied his father, Thos. Sidwell, to this tp.^who gained considerable reputation as an agri culturist and sheep-raiser, and died in 1870. His wife's maiden name was Elizabeth Polk, and she died in 1845. Elwood S., the subject of this biography, grew to manhood in this county, followed farming for many years, and in 1850 entered business with Cephas Toland and John S. Douglas ; in 6 years the style of the firm was changed to Sidwell & Kelly, which continued 3 years. Mr. S. was then in business at Odin, 111., awhile, and in 1868 returned to Ver mont, engaged in mercantile pursuits for a time, and then with Wm. Provine bought an interest in the old East Mill. He now con ducts the grain elevator, which has a capacity of 12,000 bushels. He married Miss Mary Anderson of Fulton Co., daughter of Bob ert Anderson, of Kentucky. They have one child. Mrs. S. died in 1871 ; and in 1875 he married Mrs. Anna Swazey, daughter of Dr. Owens, of McDonough Co. Robert Smith, sec. 1 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Cass county, 111., in 1855; his father, Daniel Smith, was a native of England, who was _ HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 929 well educated and came to this country in an early day, locating in Cass Co., where he was a farmer and finally died. Mrs. S. subse quently married a Mr. Biggs, and is still living. Robert came to Fulton county in 1871, and in 1873 married Electa Brown in Pleas ant township, a daughter of Capt. Brown, of Ipava. Has had two children, — Charles E. and Calvin, the latter deceased. C. W. Sperry, manufacturer of fine boots and shoes, Vermont, was born in Ohio; in that State and New York he learned his trade; in 1869 he married Docia Moore, a daughter of Thos. J. Moore of Virginia; came to Vermont in 1870; has had 3 children, — Dewitt being the only one now living. Charles G. Stafford, farmer, sec. 12; P. O., Vermont; was born in Appinoy, R. I., in 1815, which place was also the native place of his father, Tliomas R., a sailor; of his 9 children 7 are living; Charles married Mary P. Burress, daughter of John R. Burress, in Providence; worked princially at carpentering; in 1856 he settled in this township; owns 193 acres of land; is a farmer, and has suc ceeded well ; of his 9 children these 4 are living: Willard, Sarah, Salina and Corrilla, — all married except the last. Mrs. S. died Aug. 1, 1878. Benj. Stevens, farmer, sec. 8 ; P. O., Vermont ; was born in Phil adelphia in 1812; married Maria Dennis, daughter of Archibald D., of Cumberland Co., Pa. Their only child, Sarah A., died in 1844. Mr. Benj. Stevens was reared on a farm, but also worked at carpentering some ; moved to Steubenville, O., where he followed his trade for 18 years; then was 3 years in Iowa, and then (1872) he settled in Vermont, but be now has a home on a farm. Wm. Stoops, agriculturist, sec. 10; P. O., Vermont. Michael Stoops, a native of Penn. and a farmer, early settled in Ohio, and in his 17th year married Ellen Van Sickle. They had 9 children, the eldest of whom was the subject of this sketch, born Jan., 1815, in Hamilton county, O. Mr. Michael Stoops, in 1836, came to Ful ton county. In early day Mr. Stoops suffered the extreme privations of frontier life. The first two winters the bill of fare for the family was hominy and venison ; the wife's dress linsey-woolsey ; the man's, buckskin. They had to get their groceries in Lewistown on credit, and that was very difficult. Milling was almost impossible and the noted grater had to be used. Mr. Wm. Stoops' first wife was Hannah Lyndsay, who died Jan. 33, 1852 : they had 8 children. His second wife was a Miss Keziah Clark, who died Dec. 28, 1860 : they had 5 children. His third wife, now living, was Mr. Mar garet Wentworth, of Kentucky, daughter of Wm. Hannah. They were married in 1862 and their children are 4. Geo. Swartz, cabinet-maker and joiner, is a native of Vermont, is yet a young man, but is one of the most live business men in the village, and one of the best workmen in the county. He is asso ciated with his moCher and brother in the cabinet factory at Ver mont. He was united in marriage with Miss Emma Worsdell, of Vermont, in 1875. They have one child, a bright little girl. 930 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. S. J. Swartz & Son, manufacturers of furniture and upholstery, and undertakers. About the year 1844 Benj. Swartz, a chair-maker, of Northumberland Co., Pa., began business as a cabinet and chair- maker in Vermont, with a capital of 75 cents ; but in one year he was able to return to Penn. and marry Miss Sarah Hamer, sister of Col. Hamer, of Vermont. Coming back to this place he pursued his calling and made money ; although very generous he accumu lated a great deal. He died Nov. 27, 1875, and Mrs. Swartz took charge of the property, under the firm name above given. They conduct a very successful business. The survivors of the family are 7 in number. The 6 children are, John H., a member of the firm; George, who married Miss Emma Worsdell, of Vermont, and has one child; Nellie M. ; Margaret C; Anna M. and Ida E. Sarah F. is deceased. Benjamin Taylor, physician and surgeon, Vermont, was born in Chester Co., Pa., April 5, 1829 ; his father, Benjamin T., was also a native of Penn., and a farmer by occupation, who married Miss Haunah Richardson, and had 13 children, the subject of this sketch being the youngest; he came to Vermont in 1850 and purchased a piece of land ; but he concluded to study medicine, which he did under Dr. Clark, of Rushville, and afterward became his part ner, soon attaining prosperity. In 1853 he married Marietta Clark, by whom he had 9 children; she died in 1868, and Oct. 21, 1869, the doctor married Gabriella Gilson, daughter of Wm. G., of this State ; of this marriage 6 children are born, 5 of whom are living. He is a relative of the late Bayard Taylor, the traveler, historian, poet and U. S. Minister. D. W. Ten Eyck, druggist, Vermont, came to this place from Havana in February, 1877, bought out the stock and business of T. J. Crail at an assignee's sale, and since then has been doing well. He has had 11 years' experience in his business, and is careful and reliable. Thomas & Vermillion, brick-makers, Vermont. As early as 1855 Mr. Thomas followed brick-making, being employed by Mr. Glower; in 1869 he formed a partnership in the business with Horace Miner, and after several changes in the style of the firm, he entered into" partnership in 1876 with Rev. P. D. Vermillion. They have ship ped as many as 400,000 brick in one year. George C. Thomas, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 2; P. O., Ipava; born in Fulton Co., in 1844. His father, Wm. Thomas, was born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1800, and was brought up a farmer; moved to Ohio; in 1832, married Eliza Dobbins, daughter of Boyd Dob bins, a native of Virginia ; came to Vermont tp. in 1835 ; he and his wife are still living. They had 8 children, 7 of whom are living, — Melissa, Martha, William, Thomas, Erastus, George C, and Leander. George is the only one residing on the old homestead. In 1864 he married Rebecca Beers, daughter of Samuel and Phcebe HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 931 (Allen) Beers, and has had 5 children, 4 of whom are living, — Charles E., Jabez B., Lillian (deceased) Delia and Marion G. R. T. Thomas, farmer, sec. 23 ; P. O., Ipava. Wm. A. Thomas was an Ohio farmer who married Eliza Dobbins and had 8 children and settled in Vermont in 1829. These old people still live here! Bobert T., their fourth child, was born in this tp. in 1839 ; enlisted in Co. H, 28th 111. Inf., re-enlisted as a veteran, and at the close of the war was honorably discharged. In 1867 he married Mrs. Elizabeth Koons, widow of James Koons and daughter of Abram Kost, and they have had 5 children, 3 of whom are living, — Hattie M., Arzula and Mary. Hiram S. Thomas, postmaster, Vermont, was born in 1814 in Adams Co., Pa. His father, Isaac Thomas, was a farmer, in limited circumstances, and Hiram was brought up to hard work. Although he did not attend school after he was 14 years of age, his native good judgment has enabled him to school himself successfully in the prac tical affairs of life. In 1824 the family emigrated to Ohio, and in 1843 Mr. Hiram S., then a man of a family, emigrated to this tp. He first was a tailor by occupation, but in 1843 he began to lecture on temperance, and continued with great success for many years. He stumped the State for the temperance party in 1848, and was nominated by the party for the Legislature. In 1861 Vermont had grown to some importance as a commercial center, and Mr. T, was appointed Postmaster, which position he has ever since filled except for a short period, with satisfaction to the public. While Mr. T.'s temperance principles prevail in Vermont so that there are no sa loons there, he has otherwise done much for the business interests of the place. In Indiana, in 1843, he married Mary Witchell, daughter of John and Bathsheba W., of Ohio. Cordelia and Edwin are their children, the former station agent at Vermont and the latter the wife of Dr. Parker, of Ipava. Cephas Toland, retired merchant, was born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1816. His father, James T., also a native of Pa., a farmer, married Margaret McWhirter, who died when Cephas was in his 6th year. The latter then lived with an uncle until 14 years old, when he for years followed the tannery business. Fire destroyed his establishment in Alexandria, Va. He came, in 1840, to McDon ough Co., 111., where he taught school, and the following year he commenced business in a tannery in Vermont, and then with Enos Moneyhon in this place he entered the dry-goods and grocery busi ness; they dissolved partnership in a few months, and Mr. T. en tered partnership with J. H. Hughes and W. B. Wright in the same business, adding the grain trade, and after some time Mr. T. became a partner of John Shaffer, located at Sharpe's Landing, and did a large business shipping grain. The warehouse burned down, and Mr. T. went into the stock trade and succeeded well. In 1866 he became a member of the firm of Toland, Sidwell & Douglas, Ver mont, and three years afterward retire3 to a farm of 320 acres which 932 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. he had previously purchased. He married America Anderson in Vermont, in 1843. Dr. W. H. Nance was born in Floyd Co., Indiana, Dec. 24th, 1814, a son of William Nance. He married Miss Susan, daughter of Joab and Hannah Lane, April 14th, 1836, and the same year moved with his parents to Columbus, Adams Co., Ills. He studied medicine, under the care of Dr. D. G. Stewart of New Albany, Ind., but did not complete a full course of study till after moving to Illinois. In the urgent demand for physicians at that time in Illi nois, he entered into a full practice without graduating, and contin ued for several years ; but in the year 1848 entered the Medical De partment of the University of Missouri, located in St. Louis, and in 1849 graduated, and again resumed his practice in Vermont, Ills., where he had resided for some years previously. For many years he enjoyed an enviable reputation as a practitioner, and in the course of his arduous labors succeeded in accumulating a very com fortable living. His father, William Nance, was a native of Vir ginia, brought up on a farm in that State, and about the year 1802 or 1803 was married to Miss Nancy Smith of Rockingham Co., N. C Soon after this they moved to Kentucky and remained one year, and then crossed the Ohio into the dense wild forests of In diana Territory, and settled near the foot of the falls of the Ohio river, a short distance below where the City of New Albany now stands. In 1811 William Nance was a volunteer under Gen. Har rison (at that time Governor of the Territory) in his campaign against the Indians, and was in the noted battle of Tippacanoe. In 1836 he came to Adams Co., Ills., where he died in his 68th year, while Mrs. Nance lived to the good old age of 82 years. Dr. Nance retired from active practice in 1862 on account of ser ious injuries received by a fall from a buggy, and is now with his good lady and youngest daughter enjoying the comforts of a retired life, after the heat and burdens and cares and responsibilities of an active professional career have disappeared in the distance. Joseph Vaughn, farmer, sec. 24 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Washington Co., Pa., in 1808. His father, Jas. Vaughn, was also born in Penn., and married Mary Schneider, by whom he had 10 children, Joseph being the eldest but one. When the latter was about 11 years of age the family moved to Ohio, and four years afterward to Virginia, where _ Joseph married Lavina Huff, daughter of John fluff. To those were born 9 children. Mrs. V. died in 1863, and in 1865 Mr. V. married Mrs. Margaret Mitchell, daughter of Robert Robinson and relict of John Mitchell. Of their five children four are living, — Mervin, Sarah, Lauriette and Robert. Isaac Walker, farmer, sec. 17 ; P. O., Vermont. Jesse Walker, the father, was born in Ohio, and followed teaming over the Alle- ghanies; he married Mary Wyant in Penn., by whom he had 7 children. Isaac, the third, was born in Penn. in 1838; about 1852 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 933 he came with the family to this tp. ; a portion of the time, however, since then he has resided in Henry Co.; in 1861 he married Matilda Brock, daughter of Thos. H. Brock, of Ohio, by whom he has 3 children, — Laura E., Dora B. and Charley. W. D. Walker, farmer and small-fruit-grower, was born in 1830 in Penn., in which State his father, S. B. W., was also born and pursued the occupation of fuller. Mr. S. B. married Nancy For syth, and 6 children were born to them, Wm. D., the subject of this sketch, being the fourth. Just before he was 21 he came afoot to LaSalle Co., 111., but in a year returned to Ohio, and married Sarah Stover, daughter of John and Sarah Stover, of Pa. In 1858 he emigrated to Vermont tp. He has had 3 children, — Amos (died in infancy), Katy, who married Samuel A. Walker, of Mc Donough Co., and resides at Table Grove. E. G. Webster, head salesman for J. & H. Mershon, was born in Virginia in 1812, passed his boyhood in Kentucky, where he ob tained a good education and married Sarah A., daughter of John Lawson; in 1850 he came to Vermont and was immediately em ployed hy Joab Mershon as salesman of dry goods, which position he has held ever since, — a fact which speaks volumes for Mr. Webster's integrity. He has had 11 children, 7 of whom are living, namely, J. W. and Luella, residents of Kansas; Sarah E., at Mi- nonk, 1\\. ; Minerva, at Elgin, 111. ; Emma C, John and Edward in Vermont. The last named is now studying medicine at Keokuk. /. H. Welch, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 21 ; P. O., Vermont; was born in Fulton Co. in 1834; his father, T. J. Welsh, was a native of Virginia; in 1855 he married Rachel Knock, daughter of Rev. Wm. Knock, and they have 5 children, viz : Wm. J., Maria E., Laura, Freddie and Affie G. Geo. Whitney, merchant, Vermont, was born in 1835, in Henni- ker, N. H. ; remained on the farm with his father, Asa Whitney, until his 19th year, when he came to Springfield, 111., where he commenced on the Wabash railroad as brakeman, and was promoted to the position of baggageman and finally conductor; in 1863 he entered business with Grover Ayres, a leading merchant of Spring field, and two years afterward he retired from the dry-goods busi ness and began brick-making ; in 1871-6 he was passenger con ductor on the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis railroad, and now he is a member of the prospe-ous dry -goods firm of Ayres (Grover Ayres) & Whitney, Vermont. Lewis Winans, deceased, was the son of Mahlon and Elizabeth Winans. He was born in Seneca Falls, N. Y., April 21, 1826 ; was brought to Illinois in 1831, and ten years later left home to do for himself. He first learned the wagon-making trade ; he quit this and engaged as clerk in a dry-goods store at Canton. In 1846 he embarked in business at Vermont in connection with H. R. Smith. Mr. S. was killed shortly afterward and the business was settled up, and Mr. W. entered the services of Mr. Lynn of Ver- 934 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. mont as clerk, with whom he remained till 1849, when, in company with J. H. B. Stevens and S. Heizer, he again embarked in the mercantile business. In the fall of the same year he was married to Miss Sarah M. Scott. In 1867 he engaged in business at Ver mont alone, and continued until Dec, 1874, when, on account of ill- health, he retired from active life, and July 9, 1875, he died. He was a zealous and devout member of the Presbyterian Church, and a man loved and respected by all who knew him. Mrs. Winans resides at Galesburg. Their children living are Ross, who lives at Canton, Fannie, the wife of Esquire J. R. Rothman, Table Grove, Myron, Lou, Henry, George and Charlie. Keziah Wood, farmer, sec. 25 ; P. O., Ipava ; was born in Harri son Co., O., in 1814, son of Robert Wood, a native of Va., a far mer, who married Mary Kester and had 13 children ; Keziah was the 10th; was reared in Ohio, a Quaker; married Mary, daughter of John S. Kinsey, and has had 3 children, Elizabeth only surviv ing, who married Henry Phillips. Mr. Wood came to this tp. in 1846, buying 60 acres of land: he now owns 130 acres, well im proved. Granville Wright, agriculturist and stock-raiser, sec. 8 ; P. 0., Table Grove ; born in Overton Co., Tenn., in 1820. Jonathan Wright, his father, was a native of North Carolina, a wheelwright at first, afterwards farmer ; he married Jane Berry, a daughter of Wm. Berry, of Abingdon, Va., and had 6 children, of whom Gran ville was the eldest. About 1829 the family moved to Montgomery Co., Ind., and in 1836 to this tp., purchasing and settling upon 160 acres of land. In 1846 he was married to Miss Elizabeth M. Curr, daughter of Amaziah Curr, by whom he had 6 children, 4 now liv ing and in this county. Mrs. W. died in 1860, and the next year Mr. W. married Miss Amazinda, daughter of James Fonton, and of this marriage there were two children. This wife died in 1868, and Mr. W. married Lucy M. Kinney, daughter of B. W. Upson. They had one child, who died Dec. 16, 1876. Mr. W. now owns 320 acres of valuable land in this tp., and 380 in McDonough Co., and is a prominent stock-dealer. He has never sought office, but has been School Trustee. Josiah Zoll, farmer, was born in Jefferson Co., O., in 1810, son of Peter Zoll, a native of Maryland ; his mother's maiden name was Catharine Winterbaker. He learned and followed the tanner's trade. In 1832 he married Ruth Crothers, and two years later he came and settled in this tp. Here he toiled through many a tedious year, but with great success, as he is now able to take up his resi dence in town and enjoy for the remainder of his days the fruits of his labor. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 935 TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a list of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : SUPERVISORS. Thomas Hamer 1850 Jesse Burr : 1851-52 Jesse Cox 1853-56 Thomas Hamer 18)7 H. LKose 1858 Eleazar Kirkbride 1859-61 Jesse Cox 1862 John Fleming 1863 Eleazar Kirkbride 1864 Cephas Toland 1865 Eleazar Kirkbride 1866-67 Wm. H. Nance 1868-69 Patterson Hamer 1870-72 Wm. H. Nance 1873 Robert Dilworth 1874 Evan Bailey 1875 Robert Dilworth 1876 William Mellor 1877-79 TOWN CLERKS. Lewis E. Kelly 1850-55 John H. Hunter 1856 A. J. Herron 1857 Thomas Mellor 1858 A.M. Ruble 1859 R. M.Scott 1860 A. M. Ruble 1861 A. 0. Bruner 1862 Eobert Mathewson 1862 Martin Mercer 1863 John H. Hunter 1864 Wm. Griffin 1865 Wm. Mellor 1866 John H. Hunter 1867-68 William Mellor 1869 Samuel K. Speer 1870 C. L. Wann 1871 John A. Webster 1872-79 ASSESSORS. Jas. W. Kelly 1850 Evan Bailey 1851 G. F. Hendrickson 1852 Evan Bailey 1853-54 Cephas Toland 1855 Evan Bailev 1856-60 Godfrey Sheeler 1861-62 Abram Kost 1863 Godfrey Sheeler 1864 Josiah Zoll 1865 Ross R. Atherton 1866 James Dilworth 1867 Samuel R. Speer 1868 John C. Dobbins 1869 CaritherZoll 1870 Joseph D. Powell 1871-72 John A.Webster 1873 Joseph M. Argo 1874-75 Jesse Bogue 1876-78 C. B. Cox 1879 COLLECTORS. William Kirby 1850 0. C. P Smith 1851 Evan Bailey 1852-53 Thomas Hamer 1854 Cephas Toland 1855 Evan Bailey 1856-60 John A. Webster 1861-62 G, Sheeler 1863 I. B. Witchell 1864 Wm. Alexander 1865 Wm. Griffin 1865 Samuel R. Speer 1866-67 William Mellor 1868 Samuel R. Speer 1869 David A. Beal 1870 Andrew B. Kirkbride 1871 Moses C. Mathewson 1872 Wm. Alexander 1873 C. B. Cox 1874 Samuel M. Trigley L 75 I. B. Witchell 1876 Godfrey Sheeler 1877 David Deobler 1878-79 WATERFORD TOWNSHIP. Upon the southeast quarter of section 10 of this township the first permanent settler of the grand old county of Fulton located. This individual was John Eveland. He located here with his fami ly in 1820. We speak at greater length of Mr. Eveland and his settlement here in the first chapter, and refer the reader to that in stead of repeating the account here. This is only a fractional town ship and the smallest in the county except Ellisville township. There are 12,372 acres of land in Waterford, 5,995 of which are improved. The average value of land of this township is below that of any other in the county. There are, however, some fine farms and enterprising farmers in Waterford. There are sev eral very interesting mounds, thrown up doubtless by the pre-his toric Mound-Builders. Some of these have yielded some rare and interesting relics. There are in the township 322 horses, 284 cat tle, 47 sheep, and 668 hogs. WATERFORD. The town of Waterford, which is on Spoon river, just below where John Eveland settled, is one of the oldest places in the Mili tary Tract. It was laid off by John Jackson Mar. 24, 1825, and al though at one time promised to become quite a point, never grew to any prominent position. Few cabins are all that mark the place of Waterford at present. PERSONAL SKETCHES. Elis Bowman was born in Adams Co., O., in 1823, son of Joseph and Sarah (Swangum) ; emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1835; in 1849 he married Sarah Cox, and they have had two daughters and one son, all married. Son lost his wife a few months ago. Coming to this section in the early time that Mr. Bowman did, he saw pioneer life in all its phases. He has seen as many as 100 deer in one gang; has killed 5 in one day. John W. Breckenridge came to Fulton Co. in 1854, and is engaged in farming upon sec. 1 ; was born in Canada July 18, 1836, and is the son of John and Margaret (Eaton) B. He married Adaline Preyir in 1858, who bore him 4 children, — 3 boys and 1 girl — 2 of the former only are living. He and his wife are both members of the M. E. Church. Mr. B. has been School Director 12 years, Town Clerk 6 years, etc HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 937 Wm. Dickson was born in Kentucky April 17, 1826, son of Alexander and Mary (Musett), of English ancestry ; .came to Ful ton Co. in 1834; is a farmer on sec. 1, owning 400 acres; in 1849 he married Nancy Jane Arnett, and had 3 boys and 1 girl ; in 1873 he married Mary Ashby, by whom he has had 2 daughters. Names : John W., Charles M., David L., Anna A., Minnie M. and Francis C. Mr. Dickson has been a local preacher in the M. E. Church for 20 years. T. B. Gibney is the son of Henry and Sarah Ann (Franks) G., both natives of Penn. Mr. G. is the' owner of a farm on sec. 6, Waterford township. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. H, 103d 111. Inf., under Capt. Wright ; was in 26 battles. He was struck twice by rebel bullets and once by a piece of a shell and had a rib broken ; served 3 years. He was in every battle and skirmish the 103d was except one. He was married in 1860 to Harriet Davis. They have 3 children living: Wm. H., George Warren and John F. JohnS. Hardin was born in North Carolina March 23, 1816, son of Richard M. and Spicy A. (Lafo), emigrated to this county Oct. 11,1848, settling on sec. 10; this township; occupation varied; Oct. 22, 1848, he married Sarah Hamilton, and they have had 6 boys and 6 girls; has 300 acres of land. D. M. Jenkins, born in Hamilton county, in 1832, is the son of Thomas S. and Mary A. (Shelton), the latter of Kentucky, the former of Tennessee ; is a farmer on sec. 2 ; was married in March, 1859, to Mary Jane (Peterson) ; has 3 boys and 2 girls living; father was a Methodist preacher; in 1862 he enlisted in the famous 103d, Co. H, and was discharged August, 1865, having fought the battles of Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge and Resaca, and wounded in the latter, and was in many other celebrated engagements. Findley Krugan was born in the Buckeye State April 29, 1818, the son of Joseph and Eleanor (Bennett) K., natives of Virginia; he was left an orphan at 11 years old, and never attended school ; he is a farmer on sec. 4, owning 260 acres. In 1842 he married Maria Johnson; of their 12 children 8 are living. He came to Fulton county in 1840. In 1862 he enlisted in Co. A, 103d 111. Inf.; was wounded at Atlanta and discharged in 1865. Samuel Jackson, farmer, sec. 2 ; was born in Tazewell county, 111,, March 17, 1839; his parents were George and Sudner (Tanner), natives of Virginia; came to Fulton county in 1865; July 8, 1862, he enlisted in the 85th Regt., Co. A, and was discharged May 25, 1865 ; was in all the battles of his Regt. except one. Of his mar riage in 1869 is one boy, and of that in 1878 one girl. Wm. P. Miles, was born in this tp., on sec. 6, July 12, 1854, son of Joseph and Isabel (Porter) ; attended the Lewistown high school ; by occupation is a farmer. March 6, 1868, he married Hattie Eve land. They have a son. Ebenezer Paul was born in Maine, Aug. 8, 1807, son of Joseph and Hannah (Roberts), also natives of Maine ; in 1837 he emigrated 938 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. to Fulton county; is a farmer and brickmaker; owns a farm on sec. 12, 3 east, In 1828 he married Rachel Elrod; of his 11 child ren only 2 are girls : Eliza Jane, born March 27, 1834, and Mary F., Oct. 22, 1845, both married. John Tuite, son of James and Sarah (Caughrey), was born in Pennsylvania, Nov. 3, 1828 ; father a native of Ireland and mother of Penn.; emigrated to Fulton Co. in 1864; was a carpenter 20 years ; is now farming on sec. 4 ; has also taught school some, and been a local M. E. Preacher for 1 2 years ; in 1 848 he married Cath erine Martin, and they have had 3 boys and 4 girls. David Warner, farmer, sec. 1 ; is a native of Madison Co., 0., where he was born April 2, 1815. His parents, Charles and Chloe (Johnson) Warner, were natives of Mass. and Conn., respectively. He has owned and run two saw-mills for 10 years. He came to Fulton Co. in May, 1837, and has lived in Waterford township ever since, 4 years of which time he has taught school. He was the first Assessor under the township organization and has been for 8 years since, School Director for 15 years, and Trustee for 5. He was married April 8, '45, to Mary Baudle, in Cook Co. 111. They have 5 children living of 8 born to them. Mr. W. is a member of the M. E. Church. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church for 30 years, and Superintendent of Sunday-school for that long. He is now Class-Leader. Samuel Warner, farmer, was born in Madison Co., O., Nov. 6, 1816, the son of Charles and Chloe (Johnson) W. He was married to Isabel Heslep in 1858. Chloe Belle was born to them June 21, 1860. Mrs. W. died Feb. 22, 1873. Mr. W. and daughter are members of the Presbyterian Church, and Mrs. W. was before her death. His daughter is a graduate of the High School at Lewistown. Louisa Williamson was born in Erie Co., N. Y., in 1811. Her parents were Samuel and Mary (Waite) Metcalf. She was married in 1838 to Christopher B. Miles, son of Benjamin M. Mrs. W.'s parents emigrated to Knox Co., 111., in 1835, and Louisa was mar ried at Knoxville in 1838, when she and her husband came to Ful ton Co. He died on bis farm, sec. 6, this tp., in 1868. In 1879 she was married to David R. Williamson, a native of 111. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following gentlemen have served the township since its or ganization in the various official capacities named : SUPERVISORS. Thomas S. Jenkins 1850-52 Benjamin Prichard 1869 Joseph Miles 1853 Nathaniel Porter 1870-71 Thomas S. Jenkins 1854-57 James Heslep 1872-73 Fredrick Krebaum 1858 John Tuite 1874 Fredrick Krebaum 1861-63 Nathaniel Porter 1875 Thomas S. Jenkins 1864 Benjamin Prichard 1876 Fredrick Krebaum 1865-66 David M. Jenkins 1877 Thomas S. Jenkins 1867 Benjamin Prichard ;.» 1878-79 James Heslep 1868 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 939 TOWN CLERKS. Selah Wheadon 1850 Wm. J. Marshall 1851 Joseph Miles 1852 Selah H. Wheadon 1853-54 Jeremiah Paul 1855 Dier s the owner of 320 acres of valuable land, and ranks among the awelthier farmers of Woodland tp. Chas. Punneo, agriculturist ; was born in Warren Co., O., near the city of Lebanon, June 16, 1824; his father, Jeremiah Punneo, was a wagon-maker by trade; was of French origin. In the early part of his life he lived in New Jersey, but became a pioneer of Ohio, locating at Cincinnati, when that place was small ; he was once of- fered a lot near the present court-house for the running gears of a wagon; he lived in Ohio many years; in 1837 he set tled in Woodland tp., where he became successful as a farmer; he died in 1874. Mrs. Punneo, nee Jones, was a native of New Jer sey, and died when the subject of this sketch was but 3 years of age, near Lebanon, O. Mr. P. afterward married Miss Elizabeth Voorhees, and they had 4 children ; of the first marriage ( were 6. Charles, the youngest child born of this marriage, was 13 years of age when his parents landed in Fulton Co. ; he married Miss Mary Shields, daughter of Kinsey Shields; there were born to them 9 children. Mr. Punneo is the owner of 120 acres, all cleared through his own industry. James W. L. Radcliffe, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 26 ; P. O., Bluff City ; born in the District of Columbia in 1831 ; his father, J. L. Badcliffe, while in the flush of early manhood, became drum mer in the war of 1812; was married in" Maryland to Miss Mary Howard, by whom he had 11 children ; James, the second son, moved with his family to Alton, 111., in 1834; at the age of 18 he came to this tp., where he now resides and is the' owner of 44 acres of good land; in 1858 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Dutton, by whom he has 8 children, — Geo. W., John R., Eugene, Horace, Oliver J., Julia, Salina and James W. John Rawley, agriculturist. The subject of this sketch was born in Penn. on the 23d of July, 1807 ; his father, Rubert Rawley, was a native of Delaware, but moved to Va. in an early day, where he 960 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Bargheiser, by whom he had 1 1 children ; John, who was the eldest born of this marriage, grew to manhood in Va., where he was united in marriage to Miss Barbara Simmers, by whom he has 8 children; from Va. he moved to Indiana in 1853 ; for nearly 3 years he resided in Indiana, and then located in Henderson Co., 111., two years later settling in Woodland tp., Fulton Co. In 1870 Mrs. R. was laid at rest in Woodland tp.; and in 1873 Mr. Rawley united his fortunes to Miss Katie Saulsbury, who died six months later ; April, 1875, Mr. R. married Miss Catherine Baker, by whom he has one child, Sarah. Mr. Rawley ranks among the more substantial farmers and progres sive citizens of this township. Thomas Reed, farmer, sec. 32 ; P. O., Astoria ; was born in Penn sylvania in 1817 ; his father, John M. Reed, was born in Beaver Co., Pa., a farmer, who married Mary Hinds ; they had 8 children ; Thomas, the fifth, grew to manhood in Coshocton Co., O., where the family afterward removed. In 1843 Mr. R. moved to Illinois' and first located in Schuyler Co., where he married ; his wife died April 27, '77.' Mr. Reed now owns 160 acres of land. J. M. Robertson, farmer, sec. 20; P. O., Astoria; is a native of Schuyler Co., 111., where he was born in 1842. His father, T. L. Robertson, was born in Kentucky, and in an early day moved to Schuyler Co. J. M. grew to manhood in Astoria, learning the trade of a wagon-maker. In 1861 he was united in marriage to Mrs. Labina Jlorton, a daughter of Wm. Horton, of Astoria. The following year Mr. R. enlisted in Co. G, 85th 111. Inf., and partici pated in many important battles. Mr. R. enlisted for service as a 2d Lieutenant, and was promoted ; at the battle of Kenesaw Mt. he received a severe flesh wound. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Robertson was blessed with 9 children, — Walter, Frank, Everett, Geo., Delia, Sarah, Oliver, Nellie and Thomas. Joseph Rounds, farmer, sec. 1 ; P. O., Summum ; was born in Brown Co., O., in 1815; he lived in Ohio many years, and while a resident he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Brook, by whom he had 8 children : 7 are living. Mr. Rounds settled in Fulton Co. 25 years ago. James Salisbury, farmer and stock-raiser, sec. 32 ; P. O., Astoria; Thomas Salisbury located in Woodland tp. in his 25th year. He was united in marriage to Miss Mary J. Kline, of Vermillion, 111.; of their 9 children 7 are living, — Nancy, Amanda M., Caroline, Martha J., Lavina, Robert and Levi. Mr. Salisbury became the owner of farm property and is now living within a short distance ¦of the place where he first settled, and has lived to see the county grow from a dense wilderness to its present state of prosperty. He served in the late war. Marcus Salisbury. Turning back in the flight of years to 1827, an early date in pioneer history, we find Marcus Salisbury a resident of this county ; he is a native of Indiana, where he was born in the HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 961 year 1818. His father, Thomas Salisbury, came to Woodland tp. in 1827, where he entered land from the Government. Marcus grew to man's estate here. He was married in his 24th year to Miss Jane Kelly, by whom he had 8 children: 4 are living: Wm., who married Mrs. Angeline Stevens ; Geo., who married Miss Emma Hughes ; Sarah J., who married Simeon Fuson ; Miranda, who married Wm. Robinson (deceased). William Salisbury, agriculturist. Thomas Salisbury, the father of William, was among the earliest immigrants here ; he was a native of Virginia and a farmer by occupation; married Miss Nancy Dyer, of Kentucky, by whom he hud 11 children; of these William was the oldest son ; at 16 years of age his parents came to Illinois and set tled in Woodland township, where he grew to mature years. In 1842 he married Miss Rebecca Griffith, a daughter of Wm. Griffith, of Coshocton county, O., by whom he had 6 children : 4 are living, — Marion, Elizabeth (deceased), Jackson, Wm. and Edith. Mrs. S. died in 1852, aud in 1857 Mr. S. married Rebecca A. Mason, by whom he has 4 children, — Mary, Mason, May and Harry. Mr. S. is the owner of some 300 acres of valuable land. Daniel Severns was born in Virginia, moved to Ohio, where he followed farming and married Miss Barbara Buckley, by whom he had 13 children. In 1842 he came to Fulton county, settling in Kerton township, wLerj he died. John, the youngest son living, was born in Ohio in 1837, and has with little exception followed agricultural pursuits through life thus far. In 1861 he married Bebecca Beatty, daughter of Robt. and Fannie B. Four of the 6 children born to them are living. He owns a good farm in Kerton township. David Shields, deceased, was born in Kentucky, in 1805 ; in an early day he moved to Indiana, where he followed different vocations, as stone-mason, farmer and cooper; while residing in Indiana he married Eliza Oniou, by whom he had 10 children : 6 are living, — Mary, who married Jacob Burgess and resides in this township; Wm. M", who married Catherine Barnes and resides in Ipava ; C. B., who married Mary C. Burgess and resides in Pleasant township ; Martha, who married John Langston and resides at Summum ; Eliza, who married Nelson Horton and resides in Iowa, and A. P. Shields, who married Miss Tamar Azbell, of Fulton county. Three children blessed this union, — Lucius, Leoni and Clifton. Mr. Shields has taught school during the winter season ; now devotes his time principally to farming. Eli Shields, deceased, was born in Fulton Co., Feb. 6th, 1 837, where he grew to manhood; on the 12th day of August, 1858, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Jane Littlejohn. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. H, 85th IU. Vol. Inf., and pro moted Sergeant; served gallantly during the war and gave up his lite in the cause of his country at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. There were 2 children born of this marriage, Edward and Wm. H. 962 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Jesse V. Shields, farmer, P. O., Astoria ; is a native of Harrison Co., Ind., where he was born in 1814; during the autumn of 1828 ihe accompanied his mother and two brothers to 111., locating in Schuyler Co.; in 1829 they settled in Woodland tp., where Jesse is now the only survivor of this once numerous family; Feb. 11, '36, Mr. S. was united in marriage with Miss Rebecca Miner,- of Indi ana, by whom he had 13 children, 8 of whom are living; their names are : Mary Ann, Nathan, Eiuisia, Wm., Eliza, Susan, Ettie and' Lucy. Mr. S. owns 160 acres of land in this township. John A. Shields, farmer; the above-named gentleman comes of a numerous and respected family. Kinsey Shields, the father of our subject, was one of those spirited pioneers whose every-day life was full of interesting and important events. He settled in Fulton Co. during the winter of the deep snow ; the following spring he moved upon the property now owned by Martin Horn. He built the usual log-cabin near the house now occupied by John Shelley; here he settled down to the hard work of clearing. He was a kind-hearted ¦man, and .this may have had much. to do with his non-success as a man of wealth. He was a consistent Christian, and a member of the United Baptist Church. He died in his 72d year, and was laid to rest in the 1.6th cemetery. Mrs. Shields survived her huusband many years,. and was laid at rest during the present year. In 1860 John was united in marriage to Miss Jane Smith, by whom he has 2 children,— Eliza and Louis. Mrs. Shields died in 1873. In 1874 Mr. S. united his fortunes to Miss Melvina Rounds. Sarah is tlieir only child. Mr. S. was born in this county in 1833. ¦ Nathan Shields, deceased, was born in East Tennessee, June 8, 1801 ; he was but a" child when his parents removed to Harrison Co., Ind., where he grew to the mature years of vigorous manhood; Aug. 6, 1827, he married Polly Onion, by whom he had 4 children, — Sarah, Wm., Jane and Ellen. Having learned the trade of a wheel wright, Mr. S. for some years followed his calling in Indiana; in 1836 he removed to this county ; prior to his emigration his wife had died; shortly after his arrival he purchased a farm of several hun dred acres in this township;- March 5, 1835, he married Mary Kingery, daughter of Tobias Kingery, who came from Germany ; ¦8 children . were born of this marriage: 6 are living, — Sally, who resides on the homestead; Henry, who married Miss Tabitha Wel- ¦don ; Martin, who married Mary Van Meter; Ellis, who married Hannah M. Hughes; John J., who married Ariel Hughes; and Susan, who married Conrad Fitz; Ely, a soldier, was killed during ihe late war at Kenesaw Mountain; Nancy, deceased, had married Henry Bloomfield, a brother of Gen. Bloomfield, of Bloomington; on Oct. 15, 1866, Mr. Shields died, leaving a valuable estate of oyer 200 acresr- Richard Shores, agriculturist, was born in Coshocton Co., O., in 1823; his father, James, was born near the city of Baltimore; he learned the trade of a shoemaker in his youth and followed this call- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 963 ing for a number of years; for a period taught school, and for 13 years was a Justice of the Peace, and in the war of 1812 he took an active part. He came to Woodland tp. in 1851. He resided here until the day of his decease, which occurred shortly after the close of the Rebellion. His remains now lie at rest in Woodland tp. Mrs. S. died shortly before her husband. Richard, a patron of this book, was married in Holmqs Co., O., to Miss Agnes Newell, a daughter of Chas. and Nancy Newell, by whom he had 9 children, 4 are living: Eliza J., born Jan. 9, 1858; John H., born Sept. 8, 1860; Armintha, born April 26, 1863; Geo. W., born Jan. 31, '67. Mr. S. is the owner of 75 acres of valuable land, having disposed of a portion of his property. Politics are Republican generally, rather on the independent order. E. H. Snit'i, firmar and auctioneer. Was born in York Co., Co., Pa., Jan. 14, 1841. His father, an English sailor, was twice married; his first wife was a Boston lady, and they had 4 children ; his second marriage was to Miss Anna Mary Havis, by whom he had 4 children. E. H., the eldest of the children, received a liberal education: taught school two years; followed the trade of a butch er. While a resident of Pa., in 1861, he married Miss Elizabeth Keeney, a daughter of Michael Keeney, and they had 9 children, 7 of whom are living, — Wm. H., Mary A., Johanna, Sy vilia, Mary J., Ella and Benjamin F. As an auctioneer Mr. S. has had re markable success. He settled in Woodland tp. 1 1 years ago, and has been Assessor, etc John G. Smith, agriculturist, was born in Coshocton Co., O., June 15, 1822. His father, James Smith, was born in Prince Wil liam Co., in the Old Dominion, where he followed farming, and married Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Wm Dawson, by whom he had 6 children, John, the. eldest. In 1839 James Smith, with his family, settled in Kerton township, where he shortly afterward en tered 160 acres. Mr. Smith was in the woods one day when a gang of deer were running towards him, and he concealed himself in a brush-heap; the deer came rushing on, and one deer, as he was leaping over the brush-heap, was caught by Mr. Smith, who held and slew the animal without weapons. Mr. James Sniith died in 1844, and was buried in Kerton tp., where also the remains of his wife are buried. John was in his 18th year when his parents came to Fulton Co. June 15, 1849, he married Miss Amanda Hughes, a daughter of Taylor Hughes, by whom he has 8 children, James T., Wm. J., Mary S., Ariel E., ZiUa, John A., Emma L. and Bertha. Mr. S. is the owner of 136 acres of valuable land in this tp. ; has been Constable and School Trustee. Emanuel Spangler, farmer, sec. 9 ; P. O., Summum ; many of of thjse who hive beoomi prosperous in this couuty are natives of Pa., and among this enterprising class of citizens Emanuel Spang ler must not be overlooked. He was born in Adams Co., Pa., in the year 1817. His father, Daniel Spangler, was also a native of '964 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Pa. In an early day he moved to Maryland, where he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Matthias, by whom he had 9 children. In 1857 Mr. S. moved with his family to Illinois and settled in Pleasant tp., Fulton Co. While residing here Mrs. S. died, July 3, 1866. Mr. S. was united in marriage by the Rev. Geo. Weber to Mrs. Barbara Horner, by whom he has 3 children. Wm. Springs, farmer, sec. 14; P. O., Astoria; was born in the State of Ohio, October, 1843, 3d child of John and Hannah Springs; grew to manhood in Ohio. Enlisted in Co. C, 67th Ohio Inf., and participated in several engagements, and was seriously wounded before Richmond. In 1868 he settled in Fulton Co., 111., where, on the 31st of December, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Kelley, a daughter of Wm. Kelley, by whom he has 5 children. Geo. W. Stevens, farmer and stock-raiser, sec 22; P. O., Sum mum; was born in Fulton Co. in 1844. His father, James Stevens, was born in Kentucky, where he married Margaret Peck, by whom he had 11 children. George, the 7th child, grew up in this county. In 1870 he went to Oregon, where he became the owner of 160 acres of good land, and where until recently he has been exten sively engaged in sheep-raising; he also owns a valuable farm in this tp. In '79 Mr. Stevens married Miss Ellen Pemleton, a sister of Judge Pemleton, of Rushville. James Stevens died leaving some 300 acres of valuable land, and his family well provided for. Mrs. Stevens survived her husband about two years. John R. Stevens, agriculturist, was born in Coshocton Co., O., in 1825. His father, Matthew Stevens, was born in Pa., where he fol lowed the occupation of tanner and farmer. Married Mary Beal, by whom he had 9 children. John R., the 7th child, grew up in the Buckeye State, where he received a liberal education. In 1856 Mr. Stevens located in Woodland tp., where he purchased 91 acres of land. During the autum of '63 he enlisted in the war, and was honorably discharged at the close, returning to his old home in this tp., where he has since resided. Their children are : Francis M., Jas., John M., Mary, Allen, Wm. R. (deceased), Aaron and Viola J. A. W. Stevenson is engaged in agricultural pursuits upon sec. 14. P. O., Astoria. Solomon Still, deceased, was born in Ohio in 1831, where he mar ried Maria Holt, who bore him 10 children. She died, and he mar ried Mrs. Eliza J. (Littlejobn), relict of Elf Shields. She was born in this county in 1840. Mr. S. was killed in battle at Kenesaw Mountain. Aaron Thomas, agriculturist, was born in Ohio, Feb. 22, 1828. His father, James Thomas, was a native of New Jersey ; his mother Susannah Thomas, was also born in New Jersey, and had 7 child ren : 6 of whom are living. Jas. Thomas was 21 years of age when he located in Ohio, where he followed farming until his removal to HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY- 965 Fulton Co. in 1850. Aaron married, in Ohio, Miss Martha B. Leon ard, a daughter of Aaron and Rhoda Leonard, of Ohio. There were born of this marriage 10 children, 6 of whom are living, — Darwin, Albert P., Mary J., Susan E., Aaron, Jas. E. In Aug., 1862, Mr. Thomas enlisted in Co. G, 85th 111. Inf. Participated in the noted battle of Perryville; honorably discharged. When the war closed he returned to his old home in Fulton Co., where he has since resided, owning now 160 acres of land. Anthony Thompson, deceased, who settled in Fulton eounty, in 1843, and who succeeded well in life through well directed and ener getic effort, was born in Coshocton county, O., Aug. 13, 1813. His parents, Samuel and Elizabeth Thompson, died during his childhood. On settling in Fulton county he purchased some 600 acres of land in Woodland township. On the fifth of May, 1844, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Shields, a daughter of Mc Kenzie Shields, who moved from Harrison county, Indiana, to Fulton county over a half century ago. During the year 1844 Mr. Thompson moved into a log-cabin school-house; this was a novelty in itself built of rough logs. In one corner was a huge fire-place, capable of holding a log 6 feet long. Puncheons served for a floor, etc. For 5 years Mr. T. lived in the old school-house, when he built a hewed-ldg cabin. Mr. T. prospered rapidly and at his death, which occurred Aug. 5, 1870, he had accumulated a well improved farm of 360 acres. The survivors of this family are Mary, who married Enoch Thompson; Benjamin married Rachel McNeil; Nancy married John W. Hagar, and Sarah, who married Wm. H. Smith, and Jane, who married Harvey Shelly, and Martha, who resides on the old homestead. John Thompson, farmer, P. O., Astoria; he was born in Maryland Aug. 26, 1802 ; his father, Samuel Thompson, was born in New •Jersey, from whence he removed to Maryland, where he was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Asher; they had 9 children. John, the eldest son, grew to manhood in Coshocton county, Ohio, where he married Betsy Leviston, by whom he had two children, — Samuel and Wm. Two years after the decease of his first wife, which oc curred in 1837, Mr. T. married Nancy Markley, of Ohio, by whom he had one child, — Benjamin. Scarcely had a year gone by when this lady also died, and in 1840 Mr. Thompson married Keziah Herell, by whom he has 9 children. Mr. T. emigrated to Fulton county about 1842. He is now the owner of 124 acres of land. T.J.Thompson, farmer; P. O., Astoria ; was born in Schuyler county, IU., in 1846 ; received a good common-school education ; his father, Wakeman Thompson, resides in Schuyler county, where he has been a resident for 40 years, living in affient circumstances; he is a native of Ohio, where he married Elizabeth Hulton. Thomas was the son born of the first marriage. Mr. T. after the decease of his second wife married Mahala McDaniel, in April, 1870. Thomas married Elizabeth'Mote, daughter of H. C. Mote, by whom he has 966 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 2 children, — Belle and Allie. Mr. Thompson is the owner of 200 acres of land. Wm. Thompson, agriculturist; was born in McDonough county, 111., in 1843; while quite small his parents, Wakeman and Eliza beth Thompson, located in Schuyler county, where he received a liberal education from his earliest years. Mr. Thompson has fol lowed farming, trading,- displaying the usual Yankee ingenuity and shrewdness ; born amid pioneer surroundings, his life has not been marked by any stirring events. While a resident of Schuyler Mr. T. held several offices of local note as Constable and Deputy Sheriff. In 1867 Mr. Thompson was united in marriage, in Fulton county, to Mary Wilson, daughter of Charles Wilson, off Ohio, who died many years ago, leaving 1 child, Corda, born in Fulton county. Moses Van Sickle, farmer, sec. 6 ; P. O., Astoria ; was born in Venango county Pa. in 1806 ; his father, Abraham Van Sickle, settled in Pa., in an early day, where he married Miss Mary Jewel, by whom he had 4 children, — John, Moses, Edith and Nellie ; he moved to Hamilton county, Ohio, in an early day, where our subject resided up to his 30th year ; he married Maria Marshall, and they have 6 children, — Abraham, Mary Ann, J. M., Andrew and Margaret. In 1839 Mr. V. came to Fulton county, liorseback, settling in Woodland township, where he bought 200 acres of land. Is in comfortable circumstances. George Waggoner, deceased, settled in Fulton county, in 1865; was born in Adams county, Pa., in 1823; followed farming; mar ried Miss Maria Little, daughter of John and Elizabeth Little. When the war broke out George Waggoner enlisted in Co. B, 101st Pa. Veteran Volunteers, served 9 months, was honorably discharged; came to Woodland, where he bought 40 acres ; subsequently he pur chased the present homestead property, consisting of 120 acres of well improved land; in 1875 he died, leaving his wife and 10 children, — John A., who was a soldier in the late war, Geo. R., also a soldier, Wm. J., Margaret E., Mary C, Henry F., Jane A., Sarah A., Ida J. and Ellen F. L. L. Wakefield, physician and surgeon, Summum; was born at Kingsville, Ashtabula Co., Ohio, Sept. 5, 1835 ; educated at Kings ville Academy ; he became employed in 1856 as clerk in a drug store, having had commenced medical study in 1855 ; in 1854 he shipped before the mast, rapidly gaining a knowledge of nautical life ; he arose to the position of 2d mate ; in 1 859 he entered the office of Dr. Andrew Merriman, remaining during the summer; in autumn he made his way to Illinois, locating in Woodland tp., where he again began his studies with Dr. Harper, of Bath; in 1861 he came to Summum and resumed his studies with Dr. J. H. Breeden; before the close of the year he took up his residence at Bath, Mason Co, ; resumed study with that skillful practitioner, Dr. Fullerton ; during the spring of 1862 he returned to Summum, entering into partnership with Dr. Breeden, remaining until 1863; the win- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 967 ter of that year and the following he spent at Rush Medical College, Chicago, where his time was profitably employed. After his return from Chicago to Summum he entered upon his life work as a physi cian. Oct. 16, 1861, he married Dorothea Guest, and they have 3 children. Lindsay Ward, farmer and blacksmith, was born in N. C. Sept. 25, 1818; his father, Ely Ward, was also born in N. C, where he followed farming and passed the remainder of his days ; he married Nancy Hayworth, by whom he had 5 children ; the only ones now living in this State besides the subject of this sketch, are Ruhama and Jacob T. Lindsay Ward married in North Carolina Miss Meca Cecil, by whom he had 2 children, — Epirva J. and Mary ; in 1846 Mr. W. came to 111. ; in 1863 Mr. W. moved to Astoria tp., the following spring locating in Woodland, where he purchased his present farm of 94 acres; in 1856 he married Priscilla Ludlum, and their children are Hattie C, Ulysses G., Alfred E. and Gertrude. Samuel Weese, agriculturist, is a native of East Term., Knox Co., where he was born Feb. 16, '14, of Dutch descent. His father, John Weese, was born in Virginia. Married Susan Mamuck ; 3 sons and 6 daughters blessed this union, of whom Samuel was the 3d cliild. John Weese was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving through the whole campaign. Samuel spent his boyhood in Ten nessee. Feb. 18, 1834, be married Rebecca Weese, a daughter of John Weese, who was born in England, and whose wife, Susan, nee Spencer, was born in Germany. In 1836 Mr. W. with his family came to Indiana, locating in Parke Co. At the end of 3 years they came to Woodland tp. About 5 years afterward Mr. W. purchased 160 acres of land ; is now the owner of 220 acres. R. G. Zimmerman, farmer. This gentleman is a native of Knox Co., 0., where he was born Feb. 22, 1839. His father, David Zimmerman, was born in Knox Co., where he followed the career of a merchant. While a resident of Ohio he was united in mar riage to Miss Rebecca Giffon, by whom he had 9 children: 8 are living, — Robert, the oldest son, was in his 19th year when his parents located in Fulton county. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. H, 3d 111. Cav., for 3 years, proceeding to the front as a non-commissioned officer; through meritorious conduct, before the close of the war, he was promoted to the position of a 2d Lieut. In 1863 Mr. Z. was united in marriage to Lucinda Robertson, who died in 1865. In 1870 he was married to Miss Almira Bennett. Louisa, Barton and an infant are their children. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following is a list of the township officials serving since the organization of the township, together with the years of serving : 968 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. SUPERVISORS. N. Veatch 1850 Luke Elliott 1851-52 A. Howard 1S53 Isaac LinleyJ 1854 Joel Onion 1855 G. V. Hopkins 1856 J. B. Horton 1857 G. V. Hopkins 1858-59 J. B. Morton 1860 G. V. Hopkins 1861 Robert McDermott 1862 Levi Horton 1864-69 J. H. Lalicker 1870 W. Stephens 1871-72 Joel Onion 1873-74 G. W. Hughes 1875 Luke Elliott 1876 R. G. Zimmerman 1877-79 TOWN CLERKS. Amaziah Howard 1850-52 James Cooper 1853 Joel Onion 1854 J. 0. Smith 1855 O. W. Vandever 1856-58 James Cooper 1859-60 Levi Horton 1861 E W. Bennett 1862 O. W. Vandever 1863-64 F. Lalicker 1865 J. H. Lalicker 1866-69 L. S. Bloomfield 1870 R. G. Zimmerman 1871-72 T. S. Camp 1873 S. D. Stoner 1874 I. L. Camp 1875-79 ASSESSORS. Stephen Merrill 1850 Kinzie Shields 1851 John Farwell 1852-55 John Schenk 1856 Wm. Munson 1857-59 John Sihenk 1860 Wm S. D. Munson 1861 Hamm 1862 Wm. Stephens 1863 Wm. Wm. Munson 1864 Stephens 1865-66 R. G. Zimmerman 1867 Reuben Rawley 1868 I. L. Camp 1869 Jacob Palmer 1870 Reuben Rawley 1871 L. Elliott 1872 I. L. Camp.... :... 1873 J. H. Lalicker 1874 J. 0. Smith 1875 J. M. Robertson 1876-79 COLLECTORS. Simeon Veatch 1850-52 J. S. Gasaway 1853 Jonathan Newberry 1854 James Cooper 1855-57 Samuel Lovell 1858 0. W. Vandever 1859 William Munson 1860 William Horton 1861-62 S. D Horner 1863 Levi Cooper 1864 Wm. Horton 1865 Reuben Rawley 1866-67 Win. Stephens 1808-69 I. L. Camp 1870 James Severns 1871 A. J. Horton 1872-73 A. P. Shields 1874 Thomas Shores 1875-76 Samuel Fitz 1877 Jonas Heltzel 1878-79 YOTJNG HICKORY TOWNSHIP. This township was named by the people at the first regular town ship election in 1850, and in honor of General Jackson. It was first named " Hickory," but there being another township by that name in the State it was changed to its present name. Although a small township, Young Hickory has a very interesting history. Upon the southeast quarter of section 28, in the valley of Big Coal creek and near its confluence with Spoon river, owned by Nathaniel Aylsworth, stands a mound in the shape of a frustum of a cone. Around this hundreds of bullets have been picked up. Some of these ancient missiles are exactly like the minie and Spring field balls of to-day. There is also another kind, which are pointed at one end and flat at the other. This, no doubt, was the location of one of the chain of forts erected by the French from Lake Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico, as it is on a direct line from old Fort Clark, now Peoria, to Fort Madison, on the Mississippi river, both of which were French forts and constituted a part of this great chain of defence. Sixty years ago the Pottawatomie In dians lived on this same section, and upon the southeast quarter buried their dead. Mr. Aylsworth found the skeleton of an Indian in the trunk of a large white-oak tree, which he cut down several years ago. Another was found in the trunk of an elm. Peter Beer and James Kline exhumed an Indian skeleton here, which had buried with it jewelry, silver coin, a gun and a British General's golden epauiets. Here, also, upon section 28, are the once famous trading-house springs, the largest being at the head of Goose Lake, on Spoon river. A part of the remains of this old Indian trading- house was to be seen only a few years ago mouldering away by the spring, while the latter flowed on as fresh and gayly as it did the day the house was built. It is claimed by some that Laban Reynolds was the first settler, and by others John Beer is accorded that honor. It is not positive ly known when the former settled here, but the latter located upon the southeast quarter of section 28 in 1829. Thomas Hummell came during the same year. Robert Combs and Henry Alms set tled here in 1835, and David Cowman and Ludwick Kline and others came the following year. Robert Combs and the widow of Henry Alms are all still living here, each of them at the ripe old age of eighty-three. Mr. Alms fought in the war of 1812, and his father served in the Revolution under Washington. 970 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The first school-house in the township was upon section 36 in 1835, and the first teacher was Mr. Barnes. There is no regularly surveyed town in Young Hickory, yet Midway is a little village of about forty inhabitants, and is situated upon sections 2 and 11. It contains a store,' blacksmith-shop and postoffice. London Mills is also another postoffice in this township. It is located upon the northwest quarter of section 3. In it are two stores and a black smith-shop. There are seven school-houses and three churches in the township. The Christians (New Lights) had an organization here at one time, but some of the members have moved away, and some have died, until the congregation has grown so small that regular services are no longer held. The first death in the township was that of Joseph Smith. Waterspout. — In 1868, upon the farm of Wm. Taylor, occurred a wonderful phenomenon. On passing his large spring near the old trading-house spring he observed that a great flood had swept the vegetation and logs down the hill and along the course of the spring. On tracing it up the hill he found the place at which it struck the ground. It washed out a great hole like that of a cellar.' In 1874 the same thing recurred, and in the very same spot, which is pre cisely over the spring. Mr. T. also states that almost every tree upon the hill in the vicinity of the spring has been struck with lightning. Amarugia. — Near the center of the township is the spot where in early days some of the settlers would congregate for spbrt, such as horse-racing, shooting matches, prize fights, etc. Some of them would take a little too much bourbon, and appeared very ridiculous, to say the least, which on one occcasion brought forth the following remark from one of the old settlers : "They look more like Amaru- gians than anything else." The people took up the name and chris tened the place Amarugia, by which that vicinity is known even to this day, and the time was when all persons living in Young Hick ory were known as Amarugiahs for twenty to thirty miles around. CHURCHES. Midway Episcopal Methodist Church: Organized in '64 under the name of Christian Union. In 1866 it adopted the name, Episcopal Methodist. Some call it the Southern Methodist, which, however, is wrong. It is true there was an agreement between the M. E. Church, South, and the Christian , Union of Illinois in convention assembled in 1866, to adopt the name Episcopal Methodist and become one Church, providing the communicants of the respective Churches should ratify such agreement. This was done by the lat ter unanimously, but the former refused to do it. The church . edi fice was erected in 1868. Present membership 37 ; Pastor, Rev. J. W. Jones. Mount Pleasant Methodist Episcopal Church of Midway was or- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 971 ganized about the year 1836, with 12 members. A building was erected in 1851. A portion of the members disconnected themselves from the Church during the war, and finally became the Episcopal Methodist Church. The old house was sold and a new edifice erect ed in 1869. Rev. Mr. Brink, Pastor. Lynn Chapel United Brethren Church was organized in 1856 by Martin Phillippi, with only three members, viz: Mr. and Mrs. Phillipi and Isaac Fry. The present membership is 25. Services are held every alternate Sunday by Rev. N. S. Norton, Pastor. The church structure was erected in 1872. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Nathaniel Aylsworth is a native of Seneca county, N. Y., where he was born March 20, 1820. He is the son of Daniel and Anna (Hopkins) Aylsworth. In the year 1835, he went to Ohio and en gaged as boatman on the Ohio canal, and in 1836 was employed on a Government steamer, and the same year voted for Martin Van Buren, being but 16 years old; came to Fulton county in 1837, and slept in the only house that was then In Canton ; taught school 4 years. He had the cholera during the prevalence of that plague in 1849, and was alone in his store in Ellisville, but cured himself. He was married Dec. 18, 1854, to Mary Hatfield, whose mother is living with them at the age of 81 years. They have had 5 children, 4 of whom are living, — David, Austin, Lydia A. and May. Mr. A. is an engineer by trade ; owns and operates a saw-mill on Big Coal creek ; also a farmer. R. W. Combs was born in Greenbrier county, Va., Nov. 22,1796; came to Fulton county, in 1835; in younger days he worked at the wagon-maker's trade, but has generally followed farming; owns 395 acres of land; lives on sec. 1 ; P. O., Midway; was Justice of the Peace 16 years, has been School Director and Assessor; mar ried Martha Parker June 4, 1818; has had 6 boys and 4 girls, of whom 3 are dead and the rest married. Morrison Darland was born Nov. 8, 1812, in Preble county, O., son of Isaac and Jane Darland; came to this county in 1835, is a successful farmer and has 369 acres of land; resides on sec. 13; P. 0., Fairview ; has been School Director and Road Commissioner ; in 1837 he married Ann Shreves, and they had 3 boys and 1 girl : two living. In 1855 he married Jane Rist, and they have 2 boys and 2 girls, — the boys living. Mr. D. first settled on the land where Fairview now stands. Hardy A. Norvill was born Sept. 29, 1831, in N. C. ; son of James and Mahala Norvill ; was brought to Fulton county when 4 or 5 years old ; is a farmer on 80 acres of sec. 9 ; has been School Direc tor, Commissioner of Highways, Constable and Pathmaster ; has 2 sons and 1 daughter living. P. O., London Mills. 972 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Mrs. Caroline (Swartz) Phillippi was born in Westmoreland Co., Pa., June 12, 1827; received a common-school education, and was married October 15, '46 to Martin Phillippi, who brought his family to Fulton Co. in 1855. They have had 10 children, 9 of whom are living and all, except 3 youngest, members of the U. B. Church. Emma and Amanda are teaching school ; three are mar ried, and Wm. remains at home, runs and takes care of the farm. Mr. Phillippi departed this life Jan. 20, '73. _ Mr. P. filled the offices of Class-Leader, Steward and S. S. Superintendent. Mrs. P. is a sister of Esquire Swartz, of Fairview. P. O., Midway. Joseph Prosser was born Oct. 7, 1825, in Ohio, son of Joseph and Eliza Prosser; came to this county in 1840; is a farmer on sec. 10, in good circumstances; has 169 acres of land; was Corporal in Co. B, 103d 111. Inf.; married Betsey E. Norvill in 1845; has had 5 sons and 5 daughters; one boy and three girls have died. P. O., Midway. Jacob W. Rose, son of Isaac Rose, -of Deerfield tp., was born in Somerset Co., Ohio, April 1, 1832. His parents came to Fulton Co. in '38. He is Justice of the Peace for Young Hickory tp. He celebrated Washington's birthday in 1855 by marrying Willmina Hageman, who has borne him 3 children ; of these but one (John) is living. They have with them a grandchild, whose mother died when it was but a week old. Mr. R. is a farmer; his saw-mill burned down in June, 1878. Lewis Schafer was born in Germany, June 16, 1825, son to Jacob and Elizabeth; came to America in 1833 and to Fulton Co. in 1848 ; never went to school ; learned the tailor's trade, clerked some, and taught school awhile; has followed farming since 1852; has 67 acres; is on sec. 23; P. O., Ellisville; served in most of the town ship offices; Sept. 1, 1853, married Susan Rist; has 2 boys and-1 girl,— Mary E., born Aug. 7, 1854; Franklin P., June 7, 1858, and Webster Lee, July 18, 1866. G. W. Shreves was born in Bedford Co., Pa., Feb. 13, 1831, son of Samuel and Abigail (Cook) ; came to the county in 1854; is a prosperous farmer on sec. 12, owning 180 acres; has been School Director and Road Commissioner; in 1854 he married Isabel An derson, and they had 2 boys and 2 girls; 2d wife, Caroline Snod grass, whom he married in 1866. P. O., Midway. Robert Snodgrass was born in Knox Co., 111., in 1843, son of James and Clara S. ; is a successful farmer on sec. 1 2, this tp., hav ing 166 acres of land; was in the war, in Co. D, 103d 111. Inf.; Dec. 1, 1866, married Sarah J. Gunnett; George M., born Dec. 22, 1870, is their only living child. P. O., Midway. Daniel A. Swegle, farmer, sec. 13; P. O., Fairview, is a son of Isaac and Margaret (AUegar) Swegle, of Fairview tp., and was born in this county Feb. 19, 1854; was married Sept. 10, '78, to Miranda Hart, daughter of Geo. W. Hart, of Fairview tp. Peter Voorhees, farmer, sec. 13 ; P. O., Ellisville. Mr. V. is a HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 973 son of John S. Voorhees, of Fairview, and was born Nov. 17, '37, in Somerset county, N. J. ; was brought to this county when but 6 months old. Enlisted Aug. 13, '62, in Co. D, 103rd 111. Inf., and was wounded 3 times. Was married Sept. 29, '64, to Margaret Hageman, daughter of Isaac Hageman. She died suddenly March 1, '79. The youngest child, Charles Leslie, followed his mother July 5, '79. Mr. V. is a member of the Christian Church, of which his wife had been a consistent member for several years. Wm. Weaver, who died the past spring (1879) at his residence in Young Hickory tp., came to this county at a very early day. He was a native of Pennsylvania. His wife was Polly Cornwell, of that State. Their children are: Abigail, Isaac, Joshua, David, Nancy and Mary. Peter Whitsel was born in Beaver county, Pa., Dec. 4, 1804. He was a member of the Penn. Rifle- company, and his brother, Henry, was in the war of 1812, and is now living in Texas at the age of 89 years. Mr. W. married March 11, '40, Isabel Aton, by whom he had 7 girls. She died May 30, '65. He married widow Kline in '73. Three of his children only are living, — Mary A., Lissie, and Queen. His grandson, James, is living with him. P. 0., Ellisville. TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS. The following gentlemen have served the township since its or ganization in the various official capacities named : SUPERVISORS. J. Wallack 1850-51 Chas. Beer 1869 Wm. Flower's 1852 S. B. Beer 1870-71 Jacob Downin 1853-54 Jacob Fisher 1872 Isaac Weaver 1855 Simon Butler 1873 N.H.Walworth 1856 D. T. Dodds 1874 John Roberts 1857-58 Wm. G. Swartz 1875 DavidRose 1859-61 George W. Beer 1876 E. B. Hibbard 1! 62-63 Simon Butler 1877 Chas. Beer 1864-67 John Swigart 1878 Joseph Sparks : 1868 Chas. Beer 1879 j TOWN CLERKS. William G. Swartz 1859-63 Lewis Shafer 1872-73 Matthew Beer 1864 James H. Rodenbaugh 1874-78 Lewis Schafer 1866-69 Lewis Schafer 1879 J. W. Rist 1870-71 ASSESSORS. JacobFisher 1859-61 Joseph Sparks 1874 Matthew Beer 1866-69 Andrew J. Harlan 1875-76 JamesMartin 1870 James Rodenbaugh 1877 Alonzo Strong 1871 Matthew Beer 1878 Simon Butler 1872 . David T. Dodds , 1879 Wm. G. Swartz 1873 57 974 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. COLLECTORS. Joseph W. Markley 1859-60 E. B. Hibbard. 1861 W. T. Merris 1862 Joseph W. Markley 1863 W. G. Swartz 1864 Geo. W. Beer 1865 John G Osborn 1866-67 Joseph W. Markley 1868 Andrew Aberduskey 1869 Lewis Schafer 1870 Abraham Shallenberger 1871 James Matteer 1872 John Swigart 1873 Cass Quinn 1874 Samuel Hummell 1875 John 0. Beer 1876 C. P. Fisher 1877 Robert Snodgrass 1878 W. D. L. Hummell 1879 CHAPTER XVI. POLITICAL. In this chapter we give the returns of every election held in the county, so far as we could obtain them. The records of many of the earlier elections are lost, — indeed, all those not given below are not among the archives of the County Clerk's office. As those elections were held prior to the days of newspapers in this county, the Clerk's office is the only place we could expect to find them. In the compilation of this chapter, for its accuracy and fullness we are greatly indebted to Mr. Frank P. Paull, Deputy County Clerk, ex- Sheriff David J. Waggoner and Wm. T. Davidson, editor of the Democrat, all of whom assisted us very materially in collecting the matter. To give some idea of the labor expended in its compilation, we have only to state that often no abstract of the election could be found, and one had to be prepared from the original poll-books, which would consume hours of the time of two men. The returns of the election of one year (1855 we believe) were secured only after a vast amount of labor. We had searched diligently through the files of old election abstracts and poll-books in the County Clerk's office for the returns of that year, but in vain. Mr. Paull, with his ready knowledge of the places and conditions of the numberless papers in this office, assisted, and another search was made, more thorough than any of the former, still in vain. We then searched newspapers, but failed to unearth them. Mr. Waggoner was known to have a large collection of old papers, returns of numerous elections, etc., and he was spoken to about the matter. He at once kindly inter ested himself and overhauled several hundred ancient papers ; still the account of that election was not found. He several times in vestigated his boxes, bundles and packages, only to learn that he did not have them. Being thoroughly interested in this subject, as we have found him in all matters of public interest, he set about to find them if possible. He thought they were in the possession of a friend at Canton, and one day, when upon a visit to that city, he searched forthem,butonly with the same result as before. Notwholly discouraged, he thought of another place where he was likely to find them. He concluded that James M. Davidson, former editor of the Democrat, was in the possession of the returns, of this particular 976 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. year; and one day when in Carthage he made inquiries of Mr. D. ; his old papers were examined and at last the long sought- for document was found. We relate these incidents merely that the reader may the better appreciate the vast and persistent labor often required to possess a single item, which of itself many times seems unimportant. Hours are often expended in securing a name or date, yet when found it occupies only a very small space and is passed over by the reader with no thought at all of the labor it cost ;" yet, should a name or date be wrongfully stated, how readily it is noticed, and often how uncharitable are those who do not appreciate the position of the writer ! Proper names, too, are so varied that without a personal acquaintance with each individual, it is often impossible to spell them correctly. Even members of the same family sometimes spell their surname differently, as Philips, Phillips, Philipps, and Phillipps. And as for dates, also, when given verbally, they are sometimes as different as are the persons giving them. , The political complexion of the county is strongly Democratic. For many years that political organization has controlled the public affairs of the county. Politics have fluctuated but little here, as the returns of the many elections given below will show. The poli ticians have generally been able to foreshadow correctly the result of an election many days prior to its being held. While Fulton county has reared some illustrious sons in the various callings and professions of life, she has given to the county, State and nation men who have he- come famous in the political profession. We will not attempt to follow the political issues year by year further than to give the returns of each election. By these the rise, decline and fall of parties may be traced. That elections have been as honorably and honestly con ducted in Fulton county as in any other county of the State will not be questioned. At times, however, some candidate becomes over anxious for his success and stoops below the high standard usually strictly followed. A full account of the first election of the county is given in the first chapter of this book. ELECTION RETURNS. ELECTION AUG. 1, 1836. Congress. William L. May, dem 544 199 John T. Stuart, whig 345 State Senator. Samuel Hackelton, dem 604 398 John P. Boice, whig 206 Jonas Rawalt, whig 462 AselF. Ball, whig 340 Wm. Elliott, jr., dem 307 Joseph Sharp, dem 239 Wm. Shinn 18 Jonah Marchant , 198 Sheriff. Hugh Lamaster, whig 629 Alexander R. Shaffer, dem- 86 Coroner. Daniel Wells 268 Samuel Porter 188 (Sounty Commissioners. William Johnson 425 Jared Lyon, dem 341 Pleasant Odell, dem 306 Chas. Newcomb, ab 355 Erasmus D. Rice, whig 206 Amaziah Howard, dem 232 Lewis Bideman, whig 303 543 80 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 977 SPECIAL ELECTION OCT. 10, 1836. Surveyor. Stephen H. Pitkin, dem 297 235 Samuel G. Wright 62 John L. Dyer 40 ELECTION AUG. 7, 1837. County Treasurer. Erasmus D. Ric:e, whig 447 222 Nathan Beadles, dem 225 Hirah Saunders, dem 98 County Clerk. Stephen Dewey, whig 720 598 Joseph L. Sharp, dtm 122 ELECTION AUG. 6, 1838. Governor. Cyrus Edwards, whig 774 Thomas Carlin, dem 808 34 Congress. JohnT. Stuart, whig 768 Stepheu A. Douglas, dem... 808' 40 Representatives. Newton AValker, whig 757 Jon.is Riwalt, whig 625 D.ivid Markley, dem 603 Joseph Brown, dem 330 Herry B. Evans, dem 359 Stephen Rigdon, whig 226 Thomas J. Little, dem 101 Sheriff. Hugh Limaster, whig 941 318 Benjamin Foster, dem 623 Coroner. Emsley Wiley, dem 699 349 John Thorp, whig 350 County Commissioners. John Johnston, whig 669 321 Hiram Wentworth, whig... 573 225 John B.irker, dem 573 225 Charles Newcomb, ab 319 William Johnson, dem 264 Seth Hilton, whig 348 Isuac Linley, dem 324 Jonah Marchant, ab 136 Josiah Moore, dem 288 John W. Shiiin, dem 247 ELECTION NOV. 25, 1839. State Senator. David Markley, dem 707 134 John Johnston, whig 573 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1840. President Wm. H. Harrison, whig... ..1253 Martin Van Buren, dem 1347 94 ELECTION AUG. 2, 1841. Congress. James H. Ralston, dem 1110 101 John T. Stuart, whig 1009 County Commissioner. JohnW. Shinn, dem 897 John F. Randolph, whig.. ..1075 178 County Treasurer. William Elliott, sr., dem.... 958 Franklin Foster, whig 1007 49 School Commissioner. Frasmus D. Rice, whig 1027 1027 ELECTION NOV 4, 1844. President. James K. Polk, dem 1537 103 Henry Clay, whig 1434 James G. Birney, ab 108 ELECTION APRIL 19, 1847. For Four Delegates to Constitutional Con vention. Isaac Linley 1306 Lyman Moon 993 H. M. Wead 1170 T. B.Gordon 992 D.ivid Markley 1011 George Krider 1105 Henry S. Hyatt 791 J. V.D. Gaddis 863 Wm. Wheeler 46 John M. Wright 36 Daniel Dobbins 34 Wm. Ellsworth 35 Geo. W. Little 35 Joint Delegate with Peoria Co. Richard Freeborn 1091 420 Onslow Peters 671 ELECTION AUGUST. 1847. County Commissioners. D. S. Johnson 1611 574 John Riley 1037 Luther Birge 32 County Clerk. James Johnson 1019 W.J.Taylor 527 F. J. Porter 1198 179 Recorder^ Robert Paull, dem 1213 Erasmus D Rice, whig 1501 288 County Treasurer and Assessor. James Manley, dem 928 William McComb, whig 1788 860 School Commissioner. M. Eichelberger, dem 1028 171 H. M. Wead dem 857 978 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Surveyor. Isaiah Stillman, dem- 1396 666 ThomasCheyney, whig 730 Harrison Rigdon, whig 257 Elias Prosser, whig 99 ELECTION AUG. 7, 1848. Governor. A. C. French, dem 1622 1441 C. V. Dyer, whig 181 Congress. Wm. A. Richardson, dem....l624 1443 Eli Wilson, whig 181 State Senator. David Markley, dem 1266 100 Edson Harkness, whig 1166 Erastus Miner, free soil 130 Representatives. James S. Christy, dem 1177 Edward Say re, dem 1190 AVilliam Kellogg, whig 1538 AVilliam Phelps, whig 1026 H. S. Thomas, free soil 197 Luther Birge, free soil 153 Sheriff. Joseph Dyckes, dem 2111 1947 M. S. Hoblet, whig 164 Amos Leach, free soil 17 County Commissioners. William Johnson, dem 1409 524 B. M. Veatch, whig 885 Abraham Hale, free soil 169 Coroner. Henrv Snively, dem 1393 560 J. B. Hall, whig 833 Circuit Clerk. Joel Solomon, dem 843 Wm. McComb, whig 1319 117 State's Attorney. William Elliott, jr., dem.... 836 Robert S. Blackwell, whig.. 1202 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1849. County Judge. Henry AValker, dem 1320 11 Erasmus D. Rice, whig 1331 Associate Justices. Parley C. Stearns, dem 1302 152 Jesse Benson, dem 1363 213 Thomas Hamer, whig 1281 Anson Smith, whig 1150 County Clerk. Leonard F. Ross, dem 2348 2336 Fitch J. Porter, whig 12 County Treasurer. Robert Paull, dem 2128 2128 Surveyor. Stephen H. Pitkin, dem 1496 367 David F. Emry, whig 1129 School Commissioner. Wm. N. Cline, dem 2066 2066 ELECTION NOV., 1850. Congress. W. A. Richardson, dem 1333 146 O. H. Browning, whig 1187 State Senator. Peter Sweat, dem 1363 241 E. N. Powell, whig 1122 Representatives. Thomis J. Little, dem.... ...1549 Isaac Linley, dem 1246 Thomas Hamer, whig 1173 Sheriff. D. J. Waggoner,' dem 1438 374 Geo. W. Stipp, whig 1064 Coroner. Henry Snively 1245 ELECTION MAY 10, 1851. Surveyor. Franklin Foster, dem 410 Alex. T. Robertson, whig... 288 David F. Emry, whig 432 22 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1851. County Treasurer. Robert Paull, dem 1314 1309 County Surveyor. Hiram J. Graham, dent 916 728 Tenth Jones, dem 188 John G. Voorhees, whig-.-. 4 School Commissioner. John W. Shinn, dem 1143 1142 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1852. Governor. Joel A. Matteson, dem 2205 365 Edwin B. Webb, whig 1840 D. A. Kuowlton, ind 274 State's Attorney. E. G. Johnson, whig... 2100 207 George W. Stipp. dem.-... ...1893 Congress. Lewis AV. Ross, dem 2106 93 James Knox, whig 2013 L. W. Curtin, ab 346 Representatives. AVilliam K. Johnson,dem...2044 Levi H. Bradbury, dem 2171 A. T. Robertson, whig 1831 Anson Smith, whig 1794 Levinus Sperry, ab 247 Luther Birge, ab 243 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 979 Sheriff. Joseph Dyckes, dem 2223 511 Jonas Rawalt, whig 1712 John Shriner, ab 219 Coroner. Harrison P. Fellows, dem-. .2214 394 Harrison Rigdon, whig 1820 L. Ames, ab 250 Circuit Clerk. Edward Sayre, dem 2171 283 Win. McComb, whig 1888 JounM. Wright, ab 254 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1853. County Judge. Henry L. Bryant, dem 1525 1483 E. Stapleford, dein 42 County Clerk. John H. Peirsol, dem 1414 711 Kouert Carter, whig 703 County Treasurer. George Humphrey, dem ...1312 453 James Updegraff, whig 859 County Surveyor. Terah Jones, dem 1538 County Commissioner. Edward Sayre, dem 1603 1603 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1854. Congress. Wm. McMurtry, dem 1814 5 James Knox, whig 1809 Representatives. William N. Cline, dem 1754 Isaac Linley, dem 1580 Amos U. Babcock, whig 1724 Robert Carter 1722 Lsvi H. Bradbury. anti-M.. 156 Jesse Cox, anti-Maine law.. 176 Wm. Aten, ab 26 Sheriff. David J. Waggoner, dem. ..2060 541 Hugh Lamaster, whig 1519 Thomas J. Walters 112 Coroner. Samuel Sivley, dem 1755 1596 Samuel Duvall, whig 159 H.P. Fellows, anti-Maine... 237 County Treasurer. George Humphrey, dem.. ..1666 571 James H. Smith, whig 1095 Surveyor. Terah Jones, dem 1749 942 David F. Emry, whig 807 D. C. Turner, knownuthing 102 School Commissioner. Wm. H. Haskell, dem 1543 304 Sands N. Breed, whig 1239 For and Against Subscription of $100,000 to the Peoria & Hannibal R. R. For 1897 946 Against 951 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1856. President. James Buchanan, dem 2724 703 John C. Fremont, rep 2021 Millard Filmore, American. 898 Governor. AVm. A. Richardson, dem. ..2816 429 AVm. H. Bissell, rep 2387 Buckner S. Morris, ind 396 Congress. I.M. Craig 2880 445 James H. Stuart 2435 State Senator. AVilliam C. Goudy, dem 2848 307 AVilliam H. Franklin, rep. ..2541 Representatives. Joseph Dyckes, dem 2821 James H. Stipp, dem 2822 William P. Kellogg, rep.. ..2403 Thomas Hamer. whig 2398 Jesse Cox, whig 377 William D. Nelson, ab 163 Circuit Clerk. Edward Sayre, dem 2827 424 .Robert Carter, rep 2403 T. W. Williams, ab 352 Sheriff. AVilliam M. Standard, dem.2829 461 Benj. C. Johnson, rep 2368 AVm. T. VanDerveer 361 Coroner. James J. Crail, dem 2803 B. W. Messier, rep 3(i9 James Robb, ab 2885 82 Surveyor. William J. Edie, dem 2784 394 Abraham Hoxie rep 2390 James A. Russell, ab 385 ELECIION NOV. 3, 1857. County Judge. Henry L. Bryant, dem 964 964 County Clerk. John H. Peirsol, dem 964 964 County Treasurer. Jacob Derry, dem 938 938 Surveyor1. Harrison Rigdon, dem.i.... 946 946 980 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. School Commissioner. Wm. H. Haskell, dem .-. 943 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1858. Congress. James W. Davidson, dem ..3224 William Kellogg, rep 2980 Representatives. S. P. Cummings, dem 3238 John G. Graham 3241 W. A. Dickerman, rep 2979 Wm. Craig, rep 2963 Sheriff. David J. Waggoner, dem... 3392 John Bless, rep 2839 Coroner. Zalmon A. Green, dem 3184 James W. Brooks, rep 2974 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1859. County Treasurer. Jacob Derry, dem 1853 V. M. Grewell, rep 1444 Surveyor. David Shreeves, dem 1831 D. F. Emry, rep 1464 School Commissioner. S. Y Thornton, dem 1712 Wm. H. Haskell, rep 1395 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1860. President. Abraham Lincoln, rep 3629 S. A.Douglas, dem 3926 J. C. Breckenridge, dem.... 11 John Bell, union :. 48 Governor. James Allen, dem 3929 Richard Yates, rep 3655 Congress. Robt. G. Ingersoll, dem 3941 AVilliam Kellogg, rep 3634 Senator. William Berry, dem 3921 Richard Haney, rep 3673 Representatives. S. P. Cummings, dem 3941 John G. Graham, dem 2928 John H Kelly, rep 3668 Wm. Phelps, rep 3651 Circuit Clerk. Alexander Hull, dein 3909 William McComb, rep 3677 Sheriff. Asaph Perrv 3885 G. A. Marsh" 3661 943 244 259 262 553210409 367 317297274307 248 232 224 Coroner. Isaac Cunningham, dem. ...3920 256 James W. Brooks, rep 3664 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1861. County Clerk. Joseph Dyckes, dem 2498 County Treasurer. Wm. C. Worley, dem 2521 County Judge. John M. Lewis, dem 2495 School Commissioner. Stephen Y. Thornton, dem..2540 County Surveyor. David Shreeves, dem 2541 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1862. Congress. Lewis W. Ross, dem 3134 Representatives. John G. Graham, dem 4515 Simeon P. Shope, dem 3148 Thomas A. Boyd, rep 181)8 State Senator. Albert 0. Mason, dem 3157 1366 Geo. I. Bergen, rep 1791 Sheriff. J. F. AVillcoxen, dem 3155 1361 Tracy Stroud, rep 1794 Coroner. H. McCaughey, dein 3150 1361 T. N. Hasson, rep 1789 ' ELECTION NOV. 3, 1863. County Treasurer. AVm. C. Worley, dem 2738 374 Jackson Carter, rep 2364 County Surveyor. David Shreeves, dem 2766 401 David Emry, rep 2365 School Commissioner. Wm. T. Davidson, dem 2684 314 DeWitt C. Bryant, rep 2370 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1864. President George- B. McClellan, dem..3694 703 Abraham Lincoln, rep 2991 Governor. James C. Robinson, dem. ...3698 696 Richard J. Oglesby, rep 3002 Congress. Lewis W. Ross, dem 3698 698 Hugh Fullerton, rep 3000 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 981 Representatives. L. W.James, dem 3686 Timothy M. Morse, dem 3691 Granville Barrere, rep 2995 Thomas Hamer, rep 2999 State's Attorney. Thomas E. Morgan, dem ...3695 704 Parley C. Stearns, rep 2991 Circuit Clerk. AlexanderHull, dem 3691 693 Daniel W. Walker, rep 2998 Sheriff. Robert Johnson, dem 3684 682 Wm. W. Hull, rep 3002 Coroner. F. M. Snivley, dem 3687 686 Ambrose Hasty, rep 3001 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1865. County Judge. John M. Lewis, dem 2933 14 Thomas A. Boyd, rep 2919 County Clerk. Joseph Dyckes, dem 2941 27 Franklin B. Lemonde, rep-2914 County Treasurer. Chas. Howard, dem 2912 2 Samuel B. Spears, rep 2910 Superintendent of Schools. Samnel S. Tipton, dem 2926 17 Sidney R. Quigley, rep 29U9 Surveyor. David Shreeves, dem 2963 80 M. V. D. Voorhees, rep 2883 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1866. Congress. Lewis AV. Ross, dem 3621 Chas. E. Lippencott, rep.. ..3716 95 State Senator. Geo. A. Charles, dem ..3616 Thos. A. Boyd, rep 3734 118 Representatives. L. W. James, dem 3624 T. M. Morse, dem 3624 Caleb B. Cox, rep 3714 Geo. W. Fox, rep 3714 Sheriff. David J. Waggoner, dem. ..3642 2 William W. Hull, rep 3640 Coroner. David J. Austin, dem 3622 John Scrivner, rep 3712 90 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1867. County Treasurer. Chas. Howard, dem 3547 Caleb J. Dilworth, rep 3047 Surve yor. David Shreeves, dem 3569 L. C. Maynard, rep 3026 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1868. President. U. S.Grant, rep 3559 Horatio Seymour, dem 4118 Governor. John R. Eden, dem 4123 John M. Palmer, rep 3530 Congress. Thompson AV. McNeely, d..4115 Leonard F. Ross, rep 3538 Representatives. Timothy M. Morse, dem ...4116 John \V. Ross, dem 4129 Caleb R. Cox, rep 3510 Thomas Vandicar, rep 3502 Circuit Clerk. Henry W. Baughman, dem.41 22 Chas. T. Coleman, rep 3525 Sheriff. Silas Babbitt, dem 4115 Thos. Scott Brown, rep 3538 Coroner. Joseph Barker, dem 4120 Thomas Jenkins, rep 3489 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1869. County Judge. John H. Peirsol, dem 3416 Parley C. Stearns, rep 2554 County Clerk. James H. Stipp, dem 3104 Sands N. Breed, rep 2675 County Treasurer. Evan Baily, dem 3337 William McComb, rep 2753 Superintendent of Schools. Horatis J. Benton, dem 3397 Samuel D. Sawyer, rep 2708 Surveyor. Francis P. Paull, dem 3384 Lewis C. Maynard, rep 2727 ELECTION NOV. 8, 1870. 500 543 559 593 577 597 577 631 862 429 584 Thompson AV. McNeely, d.2810 Benjamin F. Westlake. rep.2385 657 424 982 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. State Senator. A. M. Craig, dem 2832 Benj. F. Gatton, dem 2863 Thomas A. Boyd, rep 2436 Henry J. Vaughn, rep 2351 Representatives. Timothy M. Morse, dem. ...2798 John AV. Ross, dem 2834 S. P. Cummings, dem 2819 David T. Dodd, rep 2391 DeWitt C. Bryant, rep 2352 James K. Magie, rep 2383 Sheriff. Robert Prichard, dem 2803 384 Thomas P. Duncan, rep 2419 Coroner. Daniel AValters, dem 2803 384 John AV. Moss, rep 2419 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1871. County Treasurer. E. Bailv, dem 2236 648 E. D. Slater, rep 1588 County Surveyor. F. P. Paull, dem 2105 487 E. Maynard, rep 1618 Coroner. J. Herriford, dem 2188 550 I. B. Witchell, rep 1638 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1872. President TJ. S. Grant, rep 3502 Horace Greeley, liberal 3704 202 Chas. O'Conor, dem 52 Governor. Richard J. Oglesby, rep 3511 Gustavus Kcerner, lib 3828 317 Sidney Breese, dem 46 Congress. Granville Barrere, rep 3481 N. E. Worthington, lib 3840 359 State Senator. James DeWitt, rep 3457 S. P. Cummings, lib 3848 391 Representatives. John A. Grav.rep 10226V Stephen Y. Thornton, lib...5852J James M. Darnell, lib 5631 Christopher Wilson, dem... 386 State's Attorney. Charles J. Main, rep 3474 Daniel Abbott, dein 3874 400 Circuit Clerk. Phil. J. Plattenburg, rep ...3633 H. M. Baughman, dem 3874 30 Sheriff. Chas. C. Riley, rep 3526 Robert Prichard, dem 3827 301 Coroner. Jay C. Thompkins, rep 3535 Hiram Hunt, dem 3834 299 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1873. County Judge. John H. Peirsol, ind 4131 County Clerk. Isaiah C. AVorlev, people's..2358 474 John Prickett, farmeri.' 1884 County Treasurer. David F. Emry, people s... 2100 Job Walker, farmer's tick„.2135 35 School Superintendent. V. M. Grewell, peo's tick. ..2169 168 Ed. Maynard, farm's tick. ..2001 ELECTION NOV. 3, 1874. Congress. Richard H. Whiting, rep. ..1815 Leonard F. Ross, ind. 3598 1783 State Senator. A. B. Kirkbride, rep 2313 Robert Brown, dem 3344 1031 Representatives. Joseph B. Negley, ind 2460 James DeWitt, rep 5854 Samuel l\ (Juinmings, dem. 3821 Stephen Y. Thornton, dem.4536i Sheriff. AVilliam AV.Hull, rep 2504 David J. Waggoner, dem. ..3116 612 Surveyor. Edward Maynard, ind 799 Jonas R. Rawalt, rep 2274 Chas. Killsa, dem 2610 336 Coroner. Richaid M. Horton, ind 798 David Armstrong, rep 2291 Hiram Hunt, dem 2584 293 ELECTION NOV. 2, 1875. County Treasurer. Job. AValker, dem 1781 521 David F. Emry, rep 1260 County Swrveyor. Chas. Killsa, dem 1719 426 Isaac David, rep 1293 ELECTION APRIL 4, 1876. County Judge. Henry L. Bryant, dem 1521 David Armstrong, rep 1560 39 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 983 ELECTION NOV. 7, 1876. President. Samuel J. Tilden, dem 4669 482 Rutherford B. Hayes, rep... 41S7 Peter Cooper, greenback... 89 Governor. Lewis Stuart, dem 4760 573 Shelby M. Cullom, rep 4187 Congress. George A. AVilson, dem 4537 -259 Tliomas A. Boyd, rep 4278 AVm. W. Matthews, grnbk.. 127 Representatives. William T. McCreary, dem.7057 Chas. F. Robinson, dem 7026J Henry S. Merrill, rep 5715 John A. Leeper, rep 6925 State's Attorney. Daniel Abbott, dem 4730 554 Joseph L. Murphy, rep 4176 Circuit Clerk. Theophilus L. Frazier, dem.4647 427 JohnD. Beahm, rep 4220 Sheriff. David J. AA7aggoner, dem. ..4671 511 William R. Hasson, rep 4160 Coroner. Hiram Hunt, dem 4695 ' 494 David Armstrong, rep 4201 ELECTION NOV. 6, 1877. County Judge. Samuel P. Cummings, dem. 2968 154 Henry L Bryant, ind 2814 County Clerk. Isaiah C. Worley, dem 5237 County Treasurer. Philemon Markley, dem.... 4731 Superintendent of Schools. Horatio J. Benton, dem 3019 373 Mrs. Anna J. Howard, ind.2643 ELECTION NOV. 5, 1878. Congress. George A. AVilson, dem.... 3425 252 Thomas A. Boyd, rep 3173 Alex. H. McKeighan, gnbk. 762 Senator. Meredith \Aralker, dem 3509 Thos. P. Duncan, rep. and greenback 3710 201 Legislature. Chas. F. Robinson, dem 5255 AVm. T. McCreary, dem.... 5119$ Isaac Black, rep 2855£ Hosea Davis, rep 870l| sheriff. George AV. Standard, dem..2997 Oliver P. Randolph, rep 3556 559 M. M. Johnson, greenback.. 745 Coroner. Stephen B. Bennett, dem. ..3550 555 William B. Bolston, rep 2995 AV. D. Nelson, greenback... 792 ELECTION NOV. 4, 1879. County Treasurer. Philemon Markley, dem 3058 522 Riley Bristol, rep 2536 Matthew H. Mitchell, gnbk 324 Surveyor. AVm. T. R Fennessy, dem..3062 394 Marion Ingle, rep 2668 CHAPTEE XVII. COUNTY OFFICIALS. Fulton county has ever been ably represented in her official de partments since the organization of the county, as the names in the following lists will show. She has ever had able, shrewd and honest men conducting her public affairs. Of the vast millions of dollars that have been handled by her County Treasurers not one dollar has ever been lost or a Treasurer's honesty questioned. Other counties have had more or less trouble from time to time with men in the various departments of her public service, but never, in the entire history of Fulton county, has a case arisen requiring the duties or acts of an official to be investigated. This is a good and honor able record for this grand old county ; and may another three-score years roll around and all the officials who may serve the people prove as honest, as capable, as courteous, as just as those who have served during the past three-score years. Many names will be noticed in the following list, under the differ ent headings, that are familiar to the people of the entire county. Many of these men, by a life of usefulness and honor, have won warm and affectionate places in the hearts of the people of Fulton county. Many names here are not familiar to the present genera tion, but were almost household words to the past. Many of these veterans have since ceased life's labors and left to the remaining pioneers as a pleasant souvenir a spotless reputation. The gentlemen who at present hold official position in this county, in respect to ability, are inferior to none who have served the county in the past. There is not a county in the State of Illi nois that can boast of more capable, courteous and faithful officials than those who at present fill the various positions of trust and re sponsibility in this county. To them we shall ever feel grateful for the kind and courteous manner in which they treated us all dur ing our labors in compiling this work. They have all evinced an interest in the work and were ever ready and willing to give the information and lend that aid which are so necessary in gathering and arranging a full record of the county's history. We willnot mention them personally, for all have aided us materially, and 'one and all alike have our warmest thanks. We feel that brief personal sketches of these gentlemen will be HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 985 highly appreciated by the citizens of this county ; and in this con nection we append short biographies of each of them, and further on give the name of every official who has served this county since its organization that it was possible to obtain. 8. P. Cummings, County Judge, is a man who is perhaps more widely known than any other in Fulton county. He is a native of the State of Maine and came to Fulton Co. in May, 1840, since which time he has been actively identified with its business interests. In 1850 he began merchandising and at present is the senior mem ber of the old, established mercantile house of Green & Cummings of Astoria, the Judge's home. In 1858 he was elected to the Illi nois Legislature, and re-elected in 1860. In 1862 he entered the army as Major of the 85th 111. Inf. He was chosen a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1869-70, and afterwards served 2 terms in the House of Representatives and one in the Senate of the 111. Legislature. He has represented Astoria township in the Board of Supervisors for many years; he is President of that body and has been for several terms. Served as Justice of the Peace in Astoria for 25 years, and in 1877 was elected County Judge, which position he fills with great ability. He is 60 years of age. We present his portrait to the people of the county in this volume. T. L. Frazier, Circuit Clerk, was born in Adams Co., 111., in 1844, is sop of Lemuel G. and Mary E. (Roberts) Frazier, natives of Md. and Ky., respectively, who emigrated to Adams Co. in 1822, there being but two families in the county at that time. The elder Frazier is still living in that county a representative pioneer. The subject of this sketch enlisted Aug. 2, 1862, in the 78th I. V. I., and served until the close of the war. His company was cap tured at Muldrose Hill, Ky., by Morgan in the winter of 1862, and held at Benton Barracks, Mo., until exchanged; was also a partici pant in battles of Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, and with Sherman on his march to the sea, thence to Richmond, and Washington, D. C, in the grand review; from there to Chicago, where he was mustered out June 27, 1865. He then entered Abingdon College, Knox Co., where he devoted two years to securing a literary education. He was married in 1867 to Miss Dora C. Durham, whose family were early settlers in Knox Co. After marriage he engaged for 2 years in farming, when he moved to Abingdon and started the Knox County Democrat; afterwards formed a business relation with Mr. Heaton of that city. This was the first Democratic paper published in Knox Co. He subsequently became engaged in the mercantile trade, until 1871, when he moved to Fulton Co., and settled in Table Grove, where he became engaged in the drug_ and grocery business, and resided until elected to his present position as Circuit Clerk in 1876, when he settlfd in Lewistown. Mr. F. served as Collector of Indian Point tp., Knox Co., in 1868, and Supervisor in 1869. In 1873 was elected Supervisor of Farmers' tp., this Co., which office he filled for 4 consecutive years; also Justice of the 986 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Peace in 1875 and '76, and until his election to his present position, which he has filled to the satisfaction of all. Elizabeth and Clifton are his living children. M. D. Cummings, Deputy Circuit Clerk, son of Judge S. P. Cum mings and wife, Mrs. L. M. Cummings, nee Durell, was born in Astoria, this county, Jan. 18, 1849. He was educated in the com mon schools of this county, learned the art of telegraphy, and was operator at Beardstown prior to accepting his present position. He was united in marriage Oct. 19, 1879, with Miss Emma, daughter of David Kirkbride, the well-known pioneer landlord of Vermont. He entered the Circuit Clerk's office as Deputy in May, 1877. Isaiah C. Worley, County Clerk, was born in Cumberland Co., Pa., Oct. 27, 1834. His parents, Daniel and Mary (Caldwell) Worley moved to Richland Co., O., in 1836, where both of them died when Isaiah was a child. After their demise he was bound out and suffered the experiences and hardships of parentless children. He came into the county in 1849 and stopped at Farmington. July 16 of the same year he came to Lewistown, where he has since re sided. H^ worked in woolen mills and clerked in stores until 1855, when he began writing in the office of Circuit Clerk. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted in Co. A, 103d 111. Inf., and served nearly 3 years, closing his military service in the Signal Service Corps. Returning home he engaged as Deputy in the office of County Clerk and served until 1873, when he was elected to the office he now holds, upon the People's ticket. In 1877 he was re-elected. His entire service of over 20 years of public life has been characterized with ability, integrity and uprightness. He mar ried Amanda L., daugliter of Charles Clark, of this city, and they have 2 children : Amy Mabel, born Dec. 1, 1865, and William C, born Dec. 1, 1867. Frank P. Paull, Deputy County Clerk, was born in Cham paign Co., O., March 9, 1838, and is the only son of Robert Paull, a lineal descendant of Paul Jones, of Revolutionary fame. Mr. P. came to this county with his parents in 1839. They settled in Bernadotte, and in 1840 erected one of the first mills in this county, which was swept away by the spring freshet of 1844. He was prominently identified with the early settlement of tlie county, and is at present living at Ipava. The subject of this sketch has been engaged in the County Clerk's office since his boyhood. In Sept., 1862, he engaged in the sutler's department of the 103d regt., I. V. I., and was afterward employed in the paymaster's department until the close of the war. Returning home he served as surveyor 4 years, and then accepted his present position of Deputy County Clerk. In March, 1863, he was married to Miss Margaret Shawver, a na tive of this county, where she was hfrn in 1838. Anna S., Bertha A., Lillie and Corda are their living children. 0. P. Randolph, Sheriff of Fulton county, is a native of Fay ette Co., Pa., where he was born Feb. 26, 1830; his father, Stephen HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 987 Eandolph, was a native of the same county, and a farmer. He married Miss Elizabeth Phillips, and their only child was O. P. The latter passed his youth in Pennsylvania, received a liberal edu cation and learned the plasterer's trade. In 1850 he married Isabel Balsinger. The last four years of his life in Pennsylvania he dealt in live stock extensively and conducted a meat market in New Salem. On emigrating to Illinois he settled in Astoria tp., Fulton Co., purchasing 140 acres of land, — now increased to 220. He opened a meat market, a part of the time in partnership with M. K. Lerew in Astoria, dealt extensively in stock, and then retired to the farm again ; but in 1878 he was nominated by the Republican party for Sheriff, and he was elected by 550 majority, in a county that had always had, for 40 years, only a Democratic Sheriff. He has had 12 children, 10 of whom are living: John B. and Charles S., Deputy Sheriffs, Wm. T., Frank P., O. P., Anna B., Elizabeth, Maggie F., D. W. and Mollie D. H. J. Benton, County School Superintendent, is a native of Phil adelphia, Pa., and was born in 1819. He is the son of John Ben ton, a sea captain, who died in 1822. The subject of this sketch came to this State with his widowed mother in 1835 and settled in Warsaw, Hancock county, being among the early pioneers of that county. In 1836 he entered Jackson College, at Jacksonville, and 3 years afterward commenced teaching and has devoted 26 years of his life to his professional calling. He was married May 31, 1851, to Miss Smith, daughter of Gen. Smith, of Hancock county. She is a native of Sangamon county, 111. They have three children, — Charles, Mary and Alice. Mr. B. has been prominently identified with the county, and has filled the office of County Superintendent of Schools since 1869. Philemon Markley, County Treasurer, is a native of the Buckeye State, and was born July 15, 1822. His parents were David and Susannah Markley, who came to this State in 1836, bringing their son Philemon. Hon. David Markley was one of the leading men of Fulton county during its earlier history. He resided at Canton, where our subject grew to manhood and embarked in active life. From the age of 12 years to 17 he clerked in a dry-goods store. He then learned the brick-mason's trade, which he continued to follow until 1877, when he was chosen by the people to handle the public funds of the county, which he has done with the signal honesty that has characterized his entire life. That he gave entire satisfaction to the public is evinced by the fact of his being elected to a second term, which he was in 1879. Mr. Markley was married in this county in 1845 to Mary G. Shinn, who was born in Virginia Nov. 24, 1828. A family of 3 children have been born to them, — Sarah, Clara and Ann, the latter deceased. Dr. S. B. Bennett. — We refer the reader for a sketch of Dr. Ben nett, Coroner of Fulton county, to the biographical department of the history of Fairview. 988 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. COUNTY OFFICIALS * COUNTY CLERKS. Hugh R. Colter ¦ 1823 Stephen Dewey 1824-39 Henry B.Evans 1839 47 Fitch J. Porter 1847-49 Leonard F Ross 1849-53 John H. Peirsol 1853-61 Joseph Dyckes 1861-69 James H. Stipp 1869-73 Isaiah C. Worley 1873 SHERIFFS. Abner Eads 1823-25 0. M. Ross 1825 27 Myron Phelps 1827-28 Charles Newcomb 1828-32 Hugh Lamaster 1832-40 Oannah Jones 1843-46 Joseph Dyckes 1846-50 D.ivid J. Waggoner 1850-52 Joseph Dyckes 1852-54 David J. Waggoner 18)4-56 William M. Standard 1856-58 David J. Waggoner 1858-60 Asaph Perry 1860-62 J. F. Willcoxen 1862-64 Robert Johnson 1864-66 David J. AVaggoner 1866-68 Silas Babbitt 1868-70 Robert Prichard 1870-74 David J. Waggoner 1874-78 Oliver P. Randolph 1878 SURVEYORS. John N.Ross 1823 Jonas Rawalt 1831-34 Hugh Lamaster 1834-36 Stepheif H. Pitkins 1836 Gilbert : Vorhees Isaiah Stillman 1847-49 Stephen H. Pitkins 1849-51 David F. Emry 1851-53 Tera Jones 1853-56 William J. Edie 1856-57 Harrison Rigdon 1857-59 David Shreeves 1859-69 Francis P. Paull 1869-74 Charles Killsa.. 1874-79 Wm.T. R. Fennessy 1879 SUPERINTENDENTS OF SCHOOLS. Samuel S. Tipton 1865 James K Harmison -69 Horatio J. Benton 1869-73 Vincent M. Grewell 1873-77 Horatio J. Benton 1877 * In most cases the figures after the dash signify the year into which the officer served. In some instances, however, they only served to the beginning of the vear denoted. It was impos sible for us to find the name of the officer for every year, and those years for which no names are given are such as we were unable to obtain. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. David W. Barnes ) Thomas R. Covell [1823 Joseph Moffatt J James Gardner 1 James Birnes [-1824 D.ivid W. Barnes J Stephen Phelps ") David W. Barnes [1825 James Gardner J Daniel McNiel S Eli H. Bearce [1826-30 Elias Foster J Thomas W. Taylor ) William Johnson [1830-32 Elijah Putman J Elijah Willcoxen Ware Long J. 1832-34 John McNeil John McNeil Jonah Marchant [1834-36 Joseph'Brown ) Charles Newcomb ) Jared Lyon [1836-38 William Johnson J John Johnston 1838-40 John Barker 1838-41 Hiram Wentworth 1838-39 Isaac Linley 1839-42 Samuel Dver 1840-13 John F. Randolph 1841-44 Evan Baily 1842-45 David S. Johnson 1844-48 Parley C. Stearns 1846-49 Jacob Sharp 1846 David S. Johnson ,...1847 Win. K. Johnson 1848 COUNTY JUDGES. Erasmus D. Rice 1849-53 Henry L. Bryant 1853-61 John M. Lewis 1861-69 John H. Peirsol 1869-76 Henry L. Bryant 1876-77 Samuel P. Cummings 1877 CIRCUIT CLERKS. Hugh R. Colter 1823 Stephen Dewey 1823-41 tWashington J. Taylor 1841-48 Joel Solomon 1841 William McComb 1848-52 Eiward Sayre 1852-60 Alex. Hull 1860-68 Henry VV. Baughman 1868-76 Theophilus L. Frazier 1876 so: iPro tem, pending the appointment )lomon by Judge Stephen A. Douglas. of Joel HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 989 SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS. Joel Wright 1833 Jonas Rawalt 1833-37 Erasmus D. Rice 1837-44 Fitch J. Porter 1843-47 Martin Eichelberger 1847-49 William N. Cline 1849-51 John W. Shinn 1851-53 Edward Sayre 1853-54 Wm. 11. Haskell 1854-58 S. Y. Thornton 1858-63 W.T.Davidson 1863-65 COUNTY TREASURERS. Thomas L. Ross 1823 Robert Grant 1823-24 0. M. Ross 1824 Robert Grant 1824-27 Moses Hallett 1827 Shelden Lockwood 1828 John McNeil 1829-31 Isaiah Stillman 1831 Jesse Benson 1832 Erasmus D. Rice 1833-37 Himh Sanders. 1837 Erasmus D. Rice 1837-39 John Miller. 1839-41 Franklin Foster 1841-43 William McComb 1843-48 Robert Paull 1848-53 George Humphrey 1853-57 Jimb Derrv 1857-61 William 0. Worley 1861-65 Charles Howard 1865-69 Evan Baily 1869-73 Job Walker 1873-77 Philemon Markley 1877 CORONERS. William Clark 1823 Daniel Wells 1836-38 Emsley Wiley 1838 Henry Snively 1848-52 Harrison P. Fellows 1852-54 Samuel Sivley 1854-56 James Robb 1856-58 Zalmon A. Green 1858-60 Isaac Cunningham 186; '-62 H. McCaughey 1860-64 F. M. Snively 1864-66 John Scri vner 1866-68 Joseph Barker 1868-70 Daniel Walters 1870-72 Hiram Hunt 1872-78 S.B.Bennett 1878 £8 CHAPTER XVIII. THE PRESS. The printing press, the most potent agent in molding the destinies of a community or a nation, and the one perhaps the least appre ciated for the good it does, has ever exerted a healthful influence in forming the sentiments of the people of Fulton county. Prior to the date of the first issue of the pioneer paper of the county but few papers ever found their way into the homes of the early settlers. They received mail at the scattering settlements only once a week, and occasionally some religious paper or Eastern journal would be sent by friends in the more fortunate and larger towns in the South and East. The pioneers were ambitious and enterprising and ere many years had rolled around started a paper of their own. The first news paper enterprise inaugurated in Fulton county so far as we are able learn was the Canton Herald. This was the pioneer sheet of the Military Tract. It was started by Rev. Gideon B. Perry, D. D., L. L. £)., and Ptolemy Stone in 1837. Eev. Perry came to Canton shortly prior to this and became one of its leading citizens. He practiced medicine and surgery and also preached. Duriug his residence in that city he built a church, several dwellings and en gaged in the drug business. He died at Hopkinsville, Ky., Sept. 30, 1879, at the time Rector of Grace Episcopal Church. The Herald evidently had but a short existence, as we find in 1840 The Western Telegraph was published at Canton. The editors of this paper, which was a six-column folio, were Stone & Ghrist. This was the Mr. Stone who aided Mr. Perry in founding the first paper. It appears that he was the great pioneer newspaper man of Fulton county, for ere long we find him the principal actor in another paper. March 26, 1841, the first number of the Fulton Telegraph appeared. This paper was undoubtedly a continuation of The Western Telegraph. It too was a six-column folio and nicely printed. It was published by Ptolemy Stone, and edited by Davidson & Stone. The Fulton Banner was the next publication to appear from the press of this county. This was a five-column folio and published at Lewistown, by whom we are unable to learn. Then came the Illi nois Public Ledger, which first appeared in 1850; of this the Fid- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 991 ton Ledger is the outgrowth. About that time and since, newspaper enterprises have sprung up in different parts of the county, many of which however to have but a short existence. Below we give historical sketches of each of the nine weekly papers published in Fulton county. FULTON COUNTY LEDGER. This is one of leading Democratic journals of Central Illinois, and one of the oldest. For a period of thirty years it has greeted its readers, and for twenty-three years it has been under the supervision of its present editor and publisher, Mr. S. Y. Thornton, who is the oldest editor in Fulton county, and who ranks high in the journal istic profession. Id October, 1850, the Illinois Public Ledger first appeared. This was a seven-column folio sheet published at Lewistown, and of which the Fulton County Ledger is the outgrowth. The Public Ledger was a weekly published by Joseph Dyckes and S.S.Brooks. The former was proprietor and the latter editor. It was conducted for some time at Lewistown, the office standing across the street west of Mr. Nathan Beadles' residence. Soon Charles E. Griffith became editor and manager. He was an apprentice with Mr. Thornton in the same office in Pennsylvania and came and stopped at Lewistown and took Mr. Brooks' place on the Ledger, and in 1854 located at Canton with the paper. In order to induce the Ledger to be brought to Canton, Henry Walker bought a one- third interest in it, when the ownership of the paper was equally divided between Messrs. Dyckes, Griffith and Walker. In the fall of 1854 Mr. Dyckes was bought out by John Bideman, when the firm was known as Griffin & Bideman. Mr. Dyckes did not sever his connection with the enterprise, however, until he had sunk several thousand dollars in it, he tells us. But few papers have been estab lished without a loss, and the Ledger is not an exception. In the fall of 1856 Mr. Thornton bought Mr. Griffith's interest, and the firm was then Thornton & Bideman. It remained thus only a short time, for in the spring of 1857 Mr. Thornton bought out Bideman and became the sole proprietor and editor. That was the last change ever made in its management. Mr. Thornton has remained steadily and faithfully at the helm ever since. He as sumed control of it at the beginning of its sixth volume. Number one of that volume appeared Nov. 18, 1856. 'The early papers of the county had no local columns or even local items. Indeed, we find copies of old publications without a single "local," or the mention of an event transpiring in this county. Now we pick up any of the papers of to-day and we may find hundreds of local notes. We can become acquainted with the news of the entire county from almost any paper published at pres ent. The Ledger has the honor of being the pioneer in this novel 992 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. line of journalism, for it was the first paper in the county to intro duce locals into its columns, which was done by its present editor. During the early history of the county but few foreign papers found their way into its borders. The people had no opportunity of getting the city dailies twice each day as they have now, but bad to depend upon their own local papers for the general news of the country. Accordingly,, the early papers were filled with clippings from the few foreign papers the editor was fortunate enough to get, and with choice literary selections. And we might here remark that one can find in the columns of the old files of the Ledger as choice a variety of literature, as entertaining and interesting as are to be found in any of the periodicals of this boasted day of learning. The Illinois Public Ledger was changed to The Fulton Ledger, and after Mr. Thornton assumed control of it he changed it to the Ful ton County Ledger, and brought it out in a new dress. It was started as a seven-column folio, and shortly afterwards enlarged, and thus run till 1862, when it was reduced to its original size. Again, Nov. 24, 1871, at the beginning of volume 22, it was en larged to its present size, — eight-column folio. The Ledger enjoys a liberal advertising patronage and a large circulation. Its locals are abundant, fresh and crisp. Its foreign and general news is such as the public desire to become acquainted with. Its editorial columns are ably managed. The political mea sures and movements of the day are discussed fearlessly, yet im- passionately. The principles of the Democratic party are advocated, and other measures that its editor believes to be for the welfare of the general public. Indeed, the Ledger is a first-class journal in every department. Of its editor, Mr. Thornton, we will now speak. Stephen Yerkes Thornton, editor and proprietor of the Fulton County Ledger since the fall of 1856, was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 13, 1831 ; was educated at the common schools of his native city and the Coffeyville Boarding School; at the age of 17 he com menced to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Doyelstown Democrat, Bucks county, Pa. ; worked several months' in 1864 in the office of the Washington Globe, and June 2 of that year he came to Canton, 111., and worked in the Ledger office as a journeyman printer until the fall of 1856, when he bought Mr. Griffith's interest in that paper, and the next spring he bought out the' other partner, Mr. Bideman; in 1859 he was elected County Commissioner of Schools and re-elected in '61 ; was Alderman of the 4th ward of Canton two terms, 1865-7, and one term in the 3d ward, 1870-71 ; member of the Board of Education 1869 to 1876, being President the, last two years ; in 1872 he was elected a member of the State Legislature on the Democratic ticket, and in 1874 was re-elected; and in 1876 was a candidate on the same ticket for Secretary of State. His parents were Theodore and Mary {nee Yerkes) Thornton, the former a native of Pennsylvania near Philadelphia, and of English descent, and the latter of Montgomery county, Pa., of German an- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 993 cestry. Her father was Wm. Yerkes and her mother was Letitia, nee Long; her grandfather was Harman Yerkes, and her grandmother was Mary, nee Stout ; her great grandfather emigrated from Ger many and located in Montgomery county, Pa. Mr. T.'s father's father was John Thornton ; his father's mother was Mary, nee Moon ; this family came from England and settled in Bucks county, Pa. 1 Mr. Thornton married Ann Adelaide Baudouine, daughter of Abraham and Cornelia {nee Stout) Baudouine, in the Baptist church at Canton, Feb. 14, 1858 ; of tlieir 5 children 3 are living, — Theo dore R. (dec. at 3 years of age, in the spring of 1862), Mary L. (died within 10 days of last, both of scarlet fever), Ella Irene, Wm. E. and Carrie. THE LEWISTOWN DEMOCRAT. There is no paper published in interior Illinois that is more widely known than the one of which we now write. For a quarter of a century it has regularly made its weekly visits to the homes of the citizens of Lewistown, and, indeed, of all parts of the county. During these many years no other paper in the county has wielded a greater influence far the public weal, and for its party principles, than it. The thirteen hundred different numbers of it that have been issued have done more toward molding the political sentiment of Fulton county, and furnished a greater variety of news and choice literary reading than any other journal published within its borders. But few papers have been founded and experienced so few changes in its editorial management during an existence of twenty- five years as the Democrat has. No other name than that of David son has ever appeared at its head. Only one change has ever been made, and for over twenty years the present editor and publisher has stood at the helm. In the way of a preface to the historical sketch of the Democrat we wish to speak of two or three other papers that flourished at Lewistown just previous to the founding of it. The Fulton Republican was started in 1844 by Hugh Lamaster as a Whig organ and an impetuous advocate of Henry Clay for Presi dent. It suspended in 1854 immediately upon the removal of the Illinois Public Ledger to Canton, and Lewistown was for a time without a paper. The Republican was plucky, and although for some time previous to its suspension it did not pay as an enterprise, yet so long as its rival, the Ledger, remained at Lewistown it would hold out even at a loss. J. M. Rankin, a school-teacher, bought most of the material of the Republican office and started a very neat seven-column paper called the , thirteen issues of which appeared, when it suspended. Just here we wish to remark that the reason for not giving the name of Mr. Rankin's publication is not because we failed to make diligent inquiries to obtain it. Many persons who we were informed 994 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. would remember its name were queried in regard to it, but not one could call the name to mind. Even Mr. Frank P. Paull, a man of excellent memory and who was employed upon it as a compositor, fails to' remember it. He called upon as many as twenty persons whom he knew were once familiar with the short-lived sheet, but not one of them could tell its name. Thus, perhaps, the title of this pioneer paper will never be resurrected from the oblivion that has already enshrouded it. The first number of The Fulton Democrat, the original name of £he Lewistown Democrat, appeared June 14, 1855. It was pub lished by James M. Davidson, brother of the present editor. The printing office at that time was in a little one-story brick building that was located just north of the court-house. Its salutatory was three and one-half columns in length. It was an able review of the political history and situation of the United States, and the editor even crossed the ocean to Europe and spoke in a familiar manner of the political situations of the powers of that continent. The paper was a six-column folio, neatly printed, and reflected credit upon its publisher. Mr. J. M. Davidson conducted the Democrat as editor and pro prietor until July, 1858, when Wm. T. Davidson became associated with him as co-partner, and the firm was known as Davidson Bros. It remained thus but a short time, however, for we find that on Nov. 12, 1858, the firm was dissolved by James M. Davidson with drawing, leaving Wm. T. Davidson sole editor and proprietor, which he has remained to this day. James M., during the past eighteen years, has been editing the Carthage (HI.) Republican. During the summer and autumn of 1879, Mr. Davidson erected a large brick building especially arranged for a printing office. This building, which doubtless will be known as the "Democrat Building," is located upon the west side of the Public Square, and is one of the finest business blocks in Fulton county. The entire upper floor of tlie structure is occupied by the office of the Demo crat. All of the more modern conveniences and improvements have been introduced in it, and to-day it is not only the largest and best fitted printing establishment in the county, but will compare favorably with any offices in any of the smaller cities of the State.' Among the useful improvements introduced in the new office is a steam engine, which furnishes ample power to riin his presses. Politically, as the name implies, this is a Democratic paper. The editor, however, is independent and fearless in his editorials. He advocates or approves men and measures with all the force and ability of a naturally gifted pen and an excedingly positive out spoken nature. He has a mind of his own and never fears to ex press it. His articles have a characteristic terseness and force which is well known all through Central Illinois. His opinion on public matters, on political issues, and of public men, is sought and relied upon with no little degree of confidence. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 995 He has labored hard for many years upon this paper, with an ambition to make of it, not a political organ, but a good family newspaper ; and that his labors have been appreciated is evinced by the liberal patronage his paper has received. The Lewistown Democrat is a large, nine-column folio and con tains a greater amount of reading matter than any other journal published in the county. Its local columns are well filled with the happenings of the entire county which are of general or local in terest. During the early days of the existence of this paper it con tained a very limited number of locals, for, said the editor, "Nothing .occurred to make a local of." William Taylor Davidson, editor and proprietor of the Democrat, was born in Petersburg, Menard Co., 111., Feb. 8, 1837, and brought to this county the following year, where he was reared and has since lived. Isham G. Davidson, his father, was brought from South Caro lina to Illinois in 1807, even prior to the organization of the Territory of Illinois, and 11 years before its organization as a State. He was born in 1802, and died in Feb., 1878. Up to the time of his death there were few men living in the great Prairie State who came into it while it was yet a county of the Territory of Indiana. Mr. Davidson's mother, Sarah A. (Springer) Davidson, was born June 2, 1810. She was brought (in 1811), to the State before its organ ization as such and lived in log forts in Coles county during the war of 1812 to '15. She saw many of her neighbors killed by the Indians. His parents were united in marriage in 1826. This couple were truly pioneers. Wm. T. began his career as printer upon the Republican in 1853 with Hugh Lamaster, and has made it his life work. He was elected Commissioner of Schools for Ful ton county in 1863, and did much to rectify the prevailing abuses of school privileges. He was united in marriage with Lucinda Ann Miner in 1860. They have had a family of 7 children born to them, 5 of whom are living. Harry is their eldest son. CANTON REGISTER. This large and excellent newpaper is one of the leading journals of Central Illinois, indeed, it takes rank with the larger and more prosperous papers of the Northwest. Unusual ability, tact and business enterprise are displayed in its management. Its editorials are ably prepared, its local columns are generally full, well arranged and embrace all the happenings of the city, indeed, of the entire county. It has a list of regular correspondents in various parts of the county, who contribute well-prepared articles of the news of their district each week. The typographical appearance of the Register, which is the largest paper published in Fulton county, is neat and tasty. It is an honor to any office to send out-such excellent quality of work. The Register office is furnished allthrough with the best material and presses, and for .mechanical execution the job work done at this 996 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. offi33 will compare favorably with that turned out from the larger establishments of the State. Its present editor is one of the thoroughly enterprising newspaper in in of the county, and that the progress he has made is appreciated by the general public is evinced by the unusual success attending his enterprises. The first issue of the Canton Register appeared in January, 1849, Charles J. Ssllon* being publisher. It was then a six-column folio. In April following, Mr. Sellon sold the office to Messrs. Slaughter & Sharkey. In July following Mr. Slaughter died of cholera, and, Mr. Sharkey, having no practical knowledge of the newspaper busi ness, the services of John S. Winter, Esq., were secured as editor. Mr. Winter soon after resigned his position and commenced the pub lication of the Knoxville Journal. He is the present County Clerk of Knox county. In November, 1849, Mr. Sharkey procured the services of Mr. John P. Brooks (who was afterwards elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction) as editor, and the Register was issued as a Democratic paper. Up to this time it had been neutral in politics. In this character the Register lived but a short time, and in February, 1850, ceased to exist, and the office fell into the hands of T. Maple, who in August of that year sold it to Thos. J. Walker, of Belleville, 111. He purchased a larger press, and in September recommenced the publication of the Register as a neutral paper, and enlarged it to, seven columns. For a few weeks he employed Mr. Wm. H. Haskell as editor, but soon thereafter took Dr. Asa Lee Davison as partner in the office and editor of the paper. In 1852 Mr. Walker disposed ofhis interest'in the office to Mr. Henry L. Nicolet. On the 2d day of March, 1853, Dr. Davi son died, and Mr. Alpheus Davison bought his interest in the office, the firm then being Davison & Nicolet. The new firm soon changed the character of the paper from neutral to independent, and boldly discussed the political issues of the times without regard to party, one of the proprietors being a Democrat and the other a Whig. The Register opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill, which subsequently caused the destruction of old party lines and the organization of the Republican party. In 1856 the Register became an outspoken Re publican paper, and by the assistance of friends a power press was purchased and the paper enlarged to eight colums. In 1861 the proprietors threw aside party lines and declared only in favor of the maintenance of the Government and the Union without regard to party. During the years 1861-2 the paper had a hard struggle for its existence, it being suspended for two months during 1862, while both its proprietors were in the army. *Mr. Sellon was subsequently connected with several different papers, and on the breaking out of the war became Major of an Illinois regiment, where he remained till his health and hearing were so much impaired that it became necessary lor him to resign. After returning home he was for a short time connected with the Springfield Journal, and still later with the Peoria Tran script, but his health continued to fail, and he died in 1862. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 997 In October, 1866, Mr. Alpheus Davison sold his interest in the paper to James K. Magie, who became its editor. The firm name was Nicolet & Magie, and the Register was again a pronounced Re publican paper. Some time between 1868 and 1872 Mr. Nicolet disposed of his interest to W. P. Tanquary, and the firm name was changed to Magie & Tanquary. In 1875 Mr. Tanquary sold out to Mr. Magie, who became sole proprietor. In 1877 Mr. Jesse N. Berry and E. R. Magie leased the office (Mr. Jas. K. Magie having been appointed State Printer Expert, could not attend to the publi cation of the paper) for one year. At the expiration of their lease Mr. Berry retired, and James K. Magie & Son became editors and publishers. During the spring of 1878 the Messrs. Magie pro nounced in favor of the National or Greenback party, and the Register rapidly ran down until it no longer paid expenses. In June, 1878, Mr. C. E. Snively, the present editor and proprie tor, purchased the office and good will of Mr. J. K. Magie, and at once made the Register an advocate of Republican principles. By dint of hard' labor the Register again assumed its place as the leading paper of the county, and to-day enjoys a circulation of almost 2,000 copies per week. It is also the largest paper printed in Fulton county. Clarence E. Snively, editor and proprietor of the Register, is a native of Ellisville, Fulton county, where he was born July 4, 1854. He received his education principally at the public schools at Avon. His father, Naaman Snively, carried on the harness business at Avon for several years. When the subject of this sketch was 10 years of age this parent died, at which time Clarence entered the office of E. A. Snively, editor and publisher of the Rushville Times. He remained in that office for 2 years, when he entered the office of the Pekin Register (now the Times) to finish his apprenticeship. After he had accomplished this his ability was appreciated to such an extent that he was made foreman of the office. In 1875 he bought a half interest in the Carlinville Democrat, in company with H. M. Kimball; after one year sold out his interest in this paper to A. W. Edward. He received an offer from W. T. Dowdall, editor of the National Democrat, Peoria, to take the foremanship of that office, which he accepted, and in that capacity acted until Sept. 17, 1877, when he took the foremanship of the Canton Register office, then edited by Berry & Magie. In June, 1878, Mr. Snively bought the entire interest of this paper, since which time he has conducted it alone. The circulation has increased under his management from 500 to almost 2,000, and from a six-column folio to a six-column quarto, and it is one of the largest and best managed provincial papers in the State. THE NEWS-CHRONICLE. As early as 1843 Lewistown had a newspaper. At that early date the Fulton Banner was published here, by whom we do not know. It was a five-column folio, and for a pioneer paper the 998 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. mechanical work reflects credit to the skill of its publishers. Dur ing this period of thirty-seven years many papers have been pub lished in the county, but not so many in Lewistown as in other places. Newspaper enterprises have proven more successful, con sequently more permanent in this city than in most other places. The Lewistown Union, a Republican organ published here, was started by De Witt Bryant about 1864 or '65, and was run till about 1871. This paper passed into several hands during its exist ence of a half dozen years. Phelps & Bryant became its publishers for a time, when Mr. Bryant sold to G. A. Hyde, and Hyde & Phelps conducted it. Mr. Phelps soon retired, selling out his inter est to his partner's father. The Union was run by father and son for a time, when the son became sole proprietor. During the year 1871 he moved the material to Ipava and began the publication of the Fulton Press. No time in the history of the city have the principles and measures of the Republican party had such a strong'and able organ in Lewis- town as at present, which it has in The News- Chronicle. Its editors, Messrs. Yarnell & Ketcham, fully realize the arduous duties and responsibilities resting upon them as conductors of one of the lead ing political papers of the county. Not only is The News- Chronicle admired for the fair and able manner in which it discusses the po litical issues of the day, but as a news and literary journal it ranks high. It is an eight-column folio, neatly printed, and besides its foreign, national and local news, its literary clippings and produc tions, its personals, poetry, editorials, market reports and miscellany, it contains a goodly number of advertisements, thus showing that it is appreciated by the best judges of the value of a newspaper, advertisers. In 1875, Nov. 13, £reorge Yarnell founded the Lewistown News, a five-column folio. Tie purchased new presses and office material and started a job office, and issued the paper to advertise his new enterprise. This little sheet was so well received that Mr. Yarnell was encouraged to enlarge it and send it forth as a regular publica tion. This he did March 30, 1876, when it was increased to the present size of The News -Chronicle. Mr. Yarnell continued to publish the News, meeting with success, until November 13, 1879, when he was joined by W. L. Ketcham, and The News- Chronicle issued. Mr. Ketcham was formerly editor ' of the Vermont Chronicle, and the News and Chronicle were com bined, and both gentlemen unite their forces in the publication of The News- Chronicle. ¦ The paper is established upon a paying' basis, and its future seems , bright. The influeuce it will wield in the interest of the Republi can party in this part of the county will be felt, and we feel assured that it will be appreciated by the members of that great organiza tion. Its subscription price is only $1.50 per year. -There is one feature of The News- Chronicle worthy of note, in HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 999 this connection. While its readers enjoy the benefits of the '"pat .ml outside," yet the great mass of foreign advertisements that usually disfigure "patent sides" are dispensed with. Messrs. Yar nell & Ketcham have special arrangements with the publishers of these whereby they get only choice literary selections and general news, which are selected and compiled by experts. Geo. Yarnell, senior editor of The News- Chronicle, publsshed at Lewistown, is a native of Fayette county, Pa., where he was born Dec. 27, 1830. His father, Ellis Yarnell, was born in Pennsyl vania, and was a farnier through life ; he married Miss Hannah C. Taylor, of Pennsylvania; of their 8 children George was the eldest but one ; he was but 2 years of age when his parents settled in Licking Co., O. ; at 17 he went to Putnam, O., where in the office of the Western Recorder he learned the printer's trade. At the end of 2 years, on account of ill-health, he went to Missouri, where he rapidly recovered, and entered the office of the Liberty Tribune, published at Liberty, Mo., and there gained a large practical experi ence; afterward he became employed at Lexington and St. Louis; returning to Ohio he remained until 1854, when the California min ing excitement was at its height. He crossed the plains with Rus sell, Waddell & Co., and after a wearisome trip of 4 months he landed at Murysville. Near Diamond Spring he began life as a miner; remained in California 9 years; was also editor of the Placerville Daily News. He then returned to this county, where, near Lewistown, he bought farm property and followed agricultural life until 1869, when he again went to California, stopping at Los Angeles, where in connection with a younger brother he established the Los Angeles Daily Express, which had a very good circulation. In 1871 Mr. Yarnell permanently settled in Fulton county and fol lowed farming until 1875, when he began the issue of the Weekly ¦ News. Mr. Yarnell is a man of a family. In 1864 he was united in marriage with Miss Rosa Ann Felkel, a daughter of John Felkel, of Lewistown township. They have 4 children, — John E., Mary M., Sarah A. and Jennie. W. L. Ketcham, the literary man of the News- Chronicle, is a young gentleman of business ability aud a writer of no mean reputation. During the early part of the present year (1879) he moved from Havana, Mason county, his former residence, and where he had conducted a paper, to Vermont, and assumed the management of the Vermont Chronicle, formerly and at present owned by George L. Durell. He conducted this paper for a few months, when he formed a co-partnership with Mr. Yarnell, combining the Chronicle with the Lswistown Nws. Mr. Ketcham is an ingenious, practical printer, thoroughly understands the art and executes some very fine job work. 1000 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. VERMONT CHRONICLE. The advance guard of civilization who first settled in this county had no daily papers, and even weeklies were like " angel's visits, few and far between," for mails were irregular and infrequent, be ing carried on horseback, and sometimes not carried at all. The early pilgrims who located at Vermont had their mails carried to them from Bernadotte, one of the principal points of the county at that time. Some of the men, who are now white-headed veterans, were young men full of life and vigor then, and thought nothing of making long journeys alone through an unsettled country. It was by the bravery and toil of these men that Vermont received a few copies of some religious journal or Eastern paper. For a dec ade, however, her people have been supplied with their own local paper from their own presses. After the completion of the C, B. & Q. Railroad a season of great business prosperity was enjoyed by Vermont. Mercantile business was never so great; building of both store-houses and dwellings went rapidly on, and all kinds of mechanical labor were employed in the growing town. Besides these aids a new road was being constructed, the R., R-I. & St. L. R. R. At this properous period in Vermont's history, George L. and Edward P. Durell, two enterprising sons of one of the early and prominent settlers, Wm. Durell, started a paper. It was christened the Vermont Chronicle, and the first number appeared Nov. 27, 1870. These gentlemen engaged F. P. Hallowell to conduct the edito rial department of the new paper. Mr. Hallowell was a bright and talented man and made a good editor, but at the expiration of four or five months severed his connection with it. At that time George L. Durell, the present editor and proprietor, purchased the interest of his brother. Col. E. P. Durell, long the popular local agent of the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., is a writer of considerable talent and did much with his pen and energy to establish the Chronicle. He re cently resigned his position on the railroad, which is now ably filled by Edward R. Thomas. George L. Durell, upon the withdrawal of his brother, assumed editorial and business management of the paper, and gave the peo ple of West Fulton and Southeastern McDonough an excellent local journal. It won warm esteem in the hearts of the people, and a prominent place in their homes. Its pathway was not always strewn with the sweet perfumed rose, nor always lighted by the cheering noon-day sun, but its editor struggled on, with an abiding faith in the ultimate success of his pet enterprise. Until the early summer of the present year (1879) he continued faithfully at the helm. He then sold out to W. L. Ketcham, a young m in from H ivana, 111. The enterprise did not prosper under his brief minagement as he would have it, and he therefore with drew. Again Mr. Darell cams forward, resumed his former post HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1001 and to-day is giving the people of Vermont and vicinity a news paper equal to any publication in the county. Politically the Chronicle is a pronounced Republican paper, and has wielded a healthful influence for the principles of its party. The editorials which appear in its columns from week to week upon the great and important political questions of the day are admired for their clearness, force and logic. It is what is termed in this day, when party lines are somewhat loosely drawn, a "stalwart" paper, being uncompromisingly Republican. It is regarded as one of the most reliable papers in the county in this respect. In the local columns of the Chronicle appear all the events of the town and vicinity, as well as of the county which are of any public interest. George L. Durell, the editor and proprietor of the Chronicle, assumed the management of the paper before he was of age, and is one of the few newspaper men who took the editor's chair and business control of a paper without any practical knowledge of the art. Notwithstanding these disadvantages he made his enterprise pay from the first. Mr. Durell is a son of William Durell, one of the early pioneers of Vermont. No man weilded a greater influ ence in building up Vermont in its infancy then Mr. William Durell. George L. was reared in Vermont, and there married Miss Lutie Stapleford, a daughter of Edward Stapleford, who was largely indentified witb the interests of Vermont before his death. He erected the large brick hotel structure on north Main street, and the brick. dwelling just across the street, which at the time was the finest one in the town. He was also a merchant of Vermont. THE FARMINGTON NEWS. Newspaper business in Farmington has been on a par with the same business in other places. As far back as 1856 an attempt was made to establish a newspaper in that town. In that year the Farmington Journal made its appearance. It was a seven-column paper, ably edited and neatly printed. It lived but one year. In 1865 The Farmington Times was established, but lived only a few months. It was printed at Lewistown by E. H. Phelps, who was at that time publishing the Lewistown Union. From that time until May, 1874, Farmington was without a newspaper. At that time J. D. Hurd, a Peoria printer, established The Farmington News, which, at this writing (Nov., 1879), is still in existence, being five and one-half years old. Besides these papers, a monthly magazine, called the Poultry Record, was published at Farmington for three years, 1872-74, by C. W. Heaton, but it was afterwards sold and merged into the American Poultry Journal at Chicago. /. D. Hurd, editor of The Farmington News, was born in Wyan dotte Co., Ohio, March 19, 1847. He learned the trade of a printer in the Gazette office at Lima, Ohio, before he was 17 years of age. 1002 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Between 17 and 18 years of age he emigrated to this State, locating at Urbana, 111., where for two years before arriving at maturity he published The Champaign County Journal, a Democratic newspaper. In 1868 he was married to Miss Hermien S. Fluke, daughter of F. Fluke, of Lima, Ohio. During the years he was publishing the Journal at Urbana, 111., he was prosecuting the study of law, and was admitted to practice in September, 1868. Circumstances pre vented his beginning the practice at that time, and he continued in the printing business, moving from Urbana to Peoria in 1871, where he was connected with the Daily Transcript until his removal to Farmington in May, 1874, when he commenced the publication of The Farmington News. In January, 1877, while still at the head of the News office, he opened a law office, and has since combined the newspaper and law business. Mr. Hurd fills the editor's chair with no small degree of ability. He has made of the News a first- class local paper, and it takes rank among the profession as such. His practical knowledge of the " preservative art," and talent as a writer enable him to publish a journal of a high standard quite easily. THE WEEKLY TIMES. This paper first greeted its readers June 1, 1877, under the name of "The Canton Advertiser." That journal was founded by Horace J. Leigh and Gilbert L. Miller. Its first issue was a five-column folio, with a circulation of 1,000 copies, which was practically a free circulation, the nominal sum of 25 oents per year being charged for subscription. After running for five weeks its columns were found to be too limited to satisfy the demands of its patrons, and it was con sequently enlarged to a seven-column folio. At that time its sub scription price was raised to one dollar per year. It continued this size for twenty-seven weeks when, owing to its increase of business, it was again enlarged to its present size, a five-column quarto. The Advertiser was started and conducted as an indepedent journal so far as it concerned politics or religion for quite awhile, when its editors were led to believe that if they would bring it out as a Re publican sheet its prosperity would be assured. At that time it had a paying list of 1,600 subscribers, having, become thus popular within the short period of one year, which is unprecedented as far as journalism in this county is concerned. Its editors and publish ers, Leigh & Miller, were induced to step from a non-partisan to the Republican platform. This step proved a disastrous one, and in placeof an increased circulation and greater advertising patron age, the result was the opposite. For seven weeks they saw its sub scription list diminish and with no hopes of a reaction. People had taken it because it was not hampered or circumscribed by par tisan principles. It was free to applaud or condemn, to advocate" or oppose, to build up or tear down any measure they believed beni- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1003 ficial and just, or injurious or wrong. It remained an advocate of party principles and measures for only seven weeks, when it again hung out its old motto of independence. Sept. 5, 1879, Chas. W. Kent purchased Mr. Miller's interests in the Advertiser and became a partner of Mr. Leigh. They immedi ately changed the name of the paper to The Weekly Times, and brought it out in a new dress. It is now equal in appearance to any journal published in Central Illinois. . As to its editorial man agement, the large circulation it enjoys and its popularity fully at test. The Times is independent, and intends to remain so. Its editors believe it can exert a greater influence for the public weal under that banner than it can under any other. They will not be influenced by party or sect. They advocate such measures, nation al, municipal, religious and social, as will best subserve the interest of the mass of the community regardless of any party, clique or in dividual. As such a journal it deserves, as it has, the patronage of all classes. Horace G. Leigh, of the firm of Leigh & Kent, editors and pro prietors of The Weekly Times, was born in Hunterdon Co., N. J., in 1852, and brought to this county in 1854 by his parents, Ichabod and Caroline (Bryant) Leigh, who followed farming. Mr. Ichabod Leigh enlisted in the 36th 111. Vol. Inf. in 1864, and was killed at the battle of Franklin, Tenn., leaving a widow and 6 children, of whom Horace G. was the eldest. Although the family was greatly dependent on him, he obtained a good education, attend ing the Canton high school nearly two years. At the age of 18 he entered the Canton Ledger office, learned the printing business, and in four years was made foreman, which position he held for three years. He then resigned that position to establish, in partnership with Mr. Miller, the Advertiser. In Dec, 1878, Leigh & Miller purchased the printing office of the Ipava Phoenix, changed its name to the Ipava Independent, and trebled its circulation in a few weeks. Then they sold it to A. H. McKeighan, the present pro prietor. Mr. Leigh married Miss Catherine E. Brant, at Canton, Feb. 23, 1875, daughter of Rev. Geo. C. Brant, and they have two children, — Edith Louise and Charles Toland. Chas. W. Kent, of the firm of Leigh & Kent, publishers and edi tors of The Weekly Times, was born in Richland Co., 111., May 1, 1848. He is the son of John G. and Margaret H. (Gardiner) Kent. His father was a native of the Buckeye State and died at Cuba in 1862. His mother is living in Canton. They came to Fulton county in 1855, and settled at Cuba, where John G. Kent kept a hotel until his demise. Chas. W. received a good education and early in life began battling for himself. At the death of his father his mother gave him his liberty to go and do as he pleased, and only asked of him one thing: that was "to make what he did make, honestly." He engaged to work on a farm for a time, and in 1863 entered the Fulton County Ledger, office as an apprentice, and 1004 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. worked there until the following year, when he enlisted in Co. D, 137th 111. Inf., and went to the front. He was taken sick at Mem phis in July, and lay in the hospital the rest of his term, often at the point of death. He returned home and when the 151st regt. was made up he again enlisted, this time in Co. B. of that regt. Mr. Kent was united in marriage Aug. 26, 1869, to Mrs. Mary L. (Eastwood) Brickie. They have 3 children : Leon U. E., Henry Elmer and Lillie May. Mr. K. conducted the Family Fa.vorite in Columbia, Tenn., for a time, and has been actively engaged more or less in the printing business for many years. THE STREAM OF LIGHT. The Stream of Light, one of the latest additions to the newspapers of the county, has rapidly gained a foothold and takes rank with the older and more widely known journals of the county. It is a seven-column folio and filled with local and general news, discus sions upon the political, financial and social issues of the country that agitate the public mind, and a general miscellany of excellent and instructive reading matter. This paper, or rather the material of the office, was moved from Lewistown, where it had been used in the office of the Lewistown Union. G. A. Hyde moved the office to Ipava in L874, and started the Fulton Press. This paper soon fell into the hands of a Mr. Flake, since deceased, who changed its name to the Fulton Phoenix and conducted it for a time in that village, when he moved it to the enterprising and growing town of Astoria. Owing to Mr. Flake's failing health the enterprise proved unsuccessful under his manage ment, and in 1877 it was purchased by Leigh & Miller, who subse quently started the Canton Advertiser, the former of whom is senior editor of The Weekly Times. Mr. Flake was an excellent writer. His editorials were able, and his locals characterized by a rich vein of humor wliich pervaded almost all of them. Messrs. Leigh & Miller returned the office to Ipava, and changed the name from the Fulton Phoenix to Ipava Independent. These gen tlemen conducted the paper for a period of two months, when they sold the entire establishment to Mr. A. H. McKeighan. This gen tleman immediately changed its name to The Stream of Light, and has continued as both editor and proprietor since. Mr. McKeighan has been one of the leading advocates for the measures and principles of the Greenback party, and no man throughout Central Illinois has been more zealous in support of his party principles, and exerted a more potent influence than Mr. McKeighan. Since he assummed. editorial management of this journal he has made of it an organ of the Greenback party. The editorials which weekly appear in the columns of the Light are able and prove him to be fully posted upon the great and important financial questions of the day. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1005 The Stream of Light is evidenty appreciated as a local newspaper, judging from the fair patronage it has received both from ad vertisers and subscribers. It has a good circulation for a country paper and it is constantly increasing. A. H. McKeighan, editor and proprietor of The Stream of Light, was born in New Jersey, August 13, 1835. He was reared upon a farm and passed his life in agricultural pursuits and teaching" school until he assumed the duties of the editor's chair, Feb, 21, 1879. He has taught school for about twenty winters, always meeting with marked success. He came to the State in 1849 with bis father, who settled in this county ; was married Dec. 30, 1858, to Sarah Berry, a native of Indiana, and was born in 1846. They have had a family of 9 children born to them, only 3 of whom are living. Mr. McK. possesses considerable ability both as an editor and a public speaker ; is a man of great influence where he is known, and is endowed with remarkable energy and perseverance. AVON SENTINEL. The first number of this spicy little sheet was issued March 6, 1879. It is well edited, and Mr. H. J. Herbertz, its editor, is con fident of success in his worthy undertaking. He has asked no favors in the way of donations to establish his little paper, and con sequently the people appreciate his services more. No doubt a happy future awaits this plucky and enterprising gentleman, and if he only sticks to the Sentinel for a few years, it will become firmly established as a home journal. Herman J. Herbertz, editor of the Avon Sentinel, was born in Keithsburg, Mercer Co., 111., June 10, 1857, and is the son of Wm. and Margaret Herbertz. The former served in the Mexican war. In 1858, when but an infant, the parents of Herman removed with him to Oquawka, 111., where, in the union schools, he received his education. In 1873 he removed with his parents to Monmouth, 111.; thence back to Oquawka in 1876 ; and early in the year 1879 he came to this county, and on March 6, issued the first number of the Avon Sentinel, which is a spicy and well edited sheet, and bids fair for future success. Mr. H. is under obligations to no one for the establishment of his paper, as he asked no one for assistance, but started it with his own means. The people appreciate his enterprise by amply supporting the paper. In politics the Sentinel is neutral. 59 CHAPTER XIX. RAILROADS. CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILROAD. — RUSHVILLE BRANCH. The Jacksonville & Savanna Railroad was chartered by the Leg islature in 1855. It was intended to run from Jacksonville to Savanna, Carroll county, passing through Liverpool, Canton Far mington and Yates City. A great deal of work was done on this line between Canton and Liverpool. That part of the branch of the C, B. & Q. road 2 J miles south of Canton to Farmington* was graded, tied and bridged as the Jacksonville & Savanna Railroad. That portion of this road from near Canton to Rushville was char tered and surveyed as the Peoria & Hannibal Railroad. We find in the first number of the Lewistown Democrat a call for a meeting to be held at Lewistown Thursday, June 19, 1855, for the purpose of interesting the people in behalf of this road. Meetings were also held at Farmington and Canton. Canton was not a point named in the charter of the Peoria & Hannibal road, but it was talked of running the road two or three miles south of Canton. The Peoria & Hannibal road was graded from Hollis, Peoria Co., to the south ern line of that county, and some work was done at Utica, in this county. The labor was done on the Jacksonville & Savanna road by local subscription, but when the panic of 1857 came upon the country all work on both lines ceased. In 1861 Mr. James H. Stipp, President and General Agent of the Jacksonville & Sayanna Railroad, and Judge Henry L. Bryant, President and General Agent of the Peoria & Hannibal Road, en tered into contract with James F. Joy and Capt. E. B. Ward, of Detroit, selling to them, or rather giving them a perpetual lease of that part of both roads upon which work had been done. These gentlemen represented the C, B. & Q. R. R. Co., and therefore at that time the road was virtually sold to or placed in the hands' of the C, B. & Q. Co. The contract that Messrs. Stipp and Bry ant entered into with these men was that they were to complete the road and put it in running order. It became evident to Messrs. Stipp and Bryant and the Directors of the two companies that they could not build it, and being very desirous of a road, such a con tract was made. The C, B. & Q. Co. did the work according to contract, and in June, 1862, the road was completed to Lewistown history of Fulton county. 1007 which was as far south as the C, B. & Q. Company agreed to con struct it; but in 1869 it was completed to Rushville. Fulton county issued bonds for the construction of the Jackson ville & Savanna Railroad to the amount of $100,000, and for the Peoria & Hannibal road $200,000. All these bonds were sold, and of the $300,000 issued all are redeemed except $75,000. A portion of the bonds issued to the J. & S. were used to, buy iron, and the rails of the G, B. & Q. Railroad from Farmington to Lewistown were purchased by Fulton county bonds. The entire grading, tying, bridging and ironing was given to the C, B. & Q. Eailroad on condition that they would build it. Frank Farwell, of Liverpool, now of Kansas, and Col. A. C. Babcock of Canton, under the firm name of Farwell & Babcock, were contractors to bridge, grade and tie the J. & S. road from Liverpool to Yates City. To these parties, for the work done, the C, B. & Q. paid $10,000, and a few hundred dollars to other par ties, which was all this Road ever paid for the vast amount of work done upon this route. There were collected on local subscriptions in this county for the original roads $200,000, as follows : Farm ington, $40,000; Canton, $100,000; Lewistown, $60,000, and Liverpool, $20,000. The railroad track first reached Canton on Friday, May 2, 1862. This was a gala day for Canton. On that date the first goods that ever entered Canton by rail were received ; they were consigned to Holmes & Peck, merchants. The Directors of the J. & S. Road were Thompson Maple, Israel S. Piper, Jason M. Bass, A. C. Babcock, and W. A. Dickerman, all of Canton, and A. M. Field, of Farmington ; James H. Stipp, President ; W. A. Dickerman, Vice-President, and I. S. Piper, Secretary. In 1868 ground was broken at Lewistown for the extension of the C, B. & Q. road to Rushville. The work was pushed rapidly forward during the summer of 1869, and brought to completion. This gave a new impetus to the towns of Vermont and Ipava, the two principal points on this road southwest of Lewistown. The depot buildings erected by the company at the various towns along this route are all good, substantial buildings, creditable alike to. the people of the towns and to the Railroad Company. Sad Accident. — From the day the first locomotive engineer stepped into the cabin of his engine, opened the throttle and whirled over the prairies and woodland, until the present day, heroic acts of self- sacrifice have been performed by this faithful and trusted class. The engineer is always the first one upon the train who sees the danger ahead, and in almost every instance might escape, with but slight injuries at most; yet how few are there who desert their post until they have done all in their power to avert the crash and save the lives of those who have entrusted themselves in their care ! Then, as it often proves, it is too late to save their own lives. When we Hear of a sad railroad accident, the. QplUsion of trains, the wreck of 1008 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. coaches, the loss of life, we ask, "Did the engineer escape?" and almost invariably are told, " No ; he was killed." Locomotive engineers as a class have ever proven their fidelity to the precious charges entrusted to them, often by giving their lives; but never in the history of railroad accidents did an engineer prove his heroism, his devotion to his trust and ingenuity more than did Engineer Chislon of the C, B. & Q. It was during the autumn (of 1870, we believe) when the Fulton County Fair was in progress at Canton, that brave Chislon laid down his life that others might live. Hundreds of passengers from Lewistown, Ipava and Vermont, had taken advantage of the cheap rates and visited the fair. This was one of the most successful seasons during the prosperous period of that Association, and thousands were in attendance from all points of the county and Central Illinois. Evening arrived and the coaches on the southern bound train of the C, B. & Q. were packed with human freight. All was ready, the bell rang, and Engineer Chislon, fully appreciating the great responsibility, pulled the long train slowly from the depot, lest some of his passengers would be injured. On, past the fair grounds the train moved, steadily gaining in motion. Soon the eareful engineer had the train under great headway. Every one was joyous and the laugh and jest arose upon the pleasant autumn air, even above the clatter of the train. Upon rounding a curve what should meet the eyes of the faithful engineer, who had looked steadily ahead with his hand on the throttle, upon this, his ride into eternity ? On came a heavy freight train at great speed. Both trains were within a few hundred feet of each other before the danger was discovred. A collision could not be avoided, for it took but a moment for the engines to come together, yet the work of saving hundreds of lives was performed in a twinkling. The brave and thoughtful Chilson adopted the only possible plan to save his cargo of human beings and executed it instanter. He ordered his fireman to detach the engine from the coaches and then jump for his life. Both duties were performed with great celerity. Then Chislon, fearless of death, opened the throttle wide and with his engine dashed ahead to meet the oncoming train, that it might be checked and thus prevent it from wrecking his coaches. The crash of the engines as they shattered each other was the first intimation the passengers had of the imminent danger they were in. When the steam and smoke of the wrecked engines cleared away the remains of engineer Chislon were found, and with grateful hands tenderly carried away and cared for. He had saved the pas sengers of his train, but it cost him his life. It is supposed that ere he had performed every service that he could toward saving his train the engines collided and he was ushered into eternity. The engineer and fireman of the freight train escaped by jump ing from their engine. Mr. Chislon left a widow and a small family of children to mourn his loss, besides thousands of grateful friends. May the memory of this illustrious hero never be forgot- HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1009 ten, for no man ever did more to save the lives of hundreds of the citizens of this county than he, and none ever performed a greater service more heroically and at a greater cost. C, B. & Q. R. R. — QUINCY BRANCH. The main line of the C, B. & Q. which runs from Galesburg to Quincy, enters this county at section 5, Union township, and makes its exit at section 30 near the town of Avon, which is on this road. This branch of the road was built as the Northern Cross Rail road. The enterprise was agitated as early as 1851, and by 1856 the road was built. Connections were made with the Central Mili tary Tract Railroad for Chicago. Shortly afterward these two roads, with the Peoria & Oquawka, fell into the hands of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company. This is one of the chief railroad lines in the United States. C, B. & Q. R. R. — ST. LOUIS DIVISION. This road was built in 1870 as the Rockford, Rock-Island & St. Louis Railroad. It is well known that contests by different towns for railroads have often been protracted and severe ; especially was this so in earlier days, but there never was perhaps a greater contest between rival towns for a line of railroad than there was for the R., E-I. & St. L. R. R. Many years prior to the construction of this road the company obtained a charter and much work was done on the line from Beardstown, passing through Rushville to Macomb. For years the work was abandoned, and until 1869 the enterprise was not revived. At that time the citizens of Rushville and Ma comb became greatly interested in the road and desired it completed. Great interest was manifested all along that route, which subse quently was known as the Macomb and Rushville route. During the summer and autumn of 1869 the "citizens of Astoria, Vermont and Table Grove became desirous of a railroad ; and as much par leying was done by the leading men on the Macomb and Rushville route, a proposition was made by some of the leading and enter prising citizens of the eastern route, principally of Astoria, to the officials of the R., R-I. & St. L. R. R. for the construction of this road from Beardstown through Browning, Frederick, Astoria, Ver mont and Table Grove to Bushnell. The. citizens through this county and at Bushnell took great interest, in the enterprise and pushed their claim With the greatest energy. The contest between Rushville, Industry and Macomb and Astoria, Vermont, Table Grove and Bushnell, proved a fierce one in the extreme ; but the men of Fulton county along the latter route proved to be the sharper, shrewder business men 'and out-generaled the leading lights of Macomb and Rushville. It was decided by the company as the more favorable route and the one which would prove the most re munerative, to accept the offer made by the citizens of West Fulton 1010 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. county. Work was commenced on the line in December, and by June 1, 1870, cars passed over the road. The proposition was re- • ceived from the officials of this road in November, 1869, that if they would raise $300,000 from Frederick to Bushnell, the road would be built through Fulton county instead of through Mc Donough and Schuyler counties. This amount was readily voted. Astoria township led the, van with $50,000. The town of Astoria, which at that time was not so large by 500 population as it is to-day, gave $10,000; Woodland township, which the road does not touch, gave $1 5,000 ; Vermont $24,000 ; Eldorado township, McDonough county, $6,000; and Farmers' township $35,000. Of the very large subscription made by Astoria township, it not only has paid its interest promptly but has reduced the principal $15,000. The en terprising town of Astoria has liquidated one-half the amount sub scribed, and the interest on all of it has ever been paid with prompt ness. This road seemed to prosper for a time, but on account of the vast amount of money expended in its construction and the mis management of the road afterwards, it proved to be a very unprofit able investment to the stockholders. The rolling stock, which at first was all new, without repair or attention soon got into bad con dition ; the road-bed was neglected, and the entire line came into disrepute. In 1876, however, the C., B. & Q. R. R. Co. purchased it and gave it the name of the St. Louis Division of the C, B. & Q. R. R. The road-bed was immediately put in repair, new rolling stock provided, and to-day it is one of the best roads in the State of Illinois. TOLEDO, PEORIA & WARSAW RAILWAY. This railway crosses the county in a line almost directly east and west; and is the principal railroad of Fulton county. It seems more especially identified with the interests of this county than any other road, and the people along the route take a commendable local pride in its welfare. The T., P. & W. is one of the principal ar teries by which the produce of the Northwest is transported to the seaboard. It is the most direct route for the people of Fulton county to reach the thriving and growing city of Peoria. Not only is it the best route to that city, but it is the cheapest and quickest route to Chicago. It oonnects with the famous old Illinois Central at Gilman, and the T. P. & W. coaches are whirled on into the Garden City without change or delay. This is' also by far the best route to Burlington and Keokuk and the West. A branch leaves La Harpe from the Warsaw line for these cities, and one goes through in much less time and at cheaper rates than by any other available road. At one time, like most newly builded roads, it fell into disrepute ; but under its present management it has taken rank wiih the largest roads of the country. Its road-bed is level, well ironed and smooth, and its rolling stock, both freight cars and THE THE MOST »i rectus Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw And all other Eastern Cities. :EIjEC3-.A.3:CrT eE@oiiiH@ © m&m © liiipiMi © mm ARE RUN THROUGH FROM PEORIA TO LAFAYETTE AND INDIANAPOLIS, AND PALACE SLEBPIK-G- CAIRS FROM PEORIA TO CHICAGO. RUNNING THROUGH CARS FROM Plilil Ti B8RUHBT0H MB IEBKBR ON ALL TRAINS. PALACE I3JVY COACHES ARE RUN THROUGH FROM PEORIA TO LAFAYETTE, FORT WAYNE AND TOLEDO. A: L. HOPKINS. Gen'l Manager. W. F. MERRILL, Chief Engineer and Superintendent H. C. TOWNSEND, lien'l Passenger and Ticket Agent. ATCHISON ST. JOSEPH KANSAS CITY And"<> points West. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1013 coaches, is equal to that run by the oldest and most prosperous of roads. The T., P. & W. Ry. Co. is a consolidation of the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw Railway Company and the Mississippi & Wabash Rail road Company, the former of which was incorporated Feb. 14, 1863, and the latter Feb. 16, 1863. These two companies were consolid ated Dec. 1, 1865, and the entire road between the State line and ^Varsaw was put in operation Oct. 14, 1868. The Burlington branch, from La Harpe to Burlington, was opened in November, 1871. The first work on the T., P. & W. through this county was done by the M. & W. R. R. This road passed through Canton and Cuba, its western terminus at Carthage. Some work was done be tween Cuba and Spoon river; from Bushnell west to Carthage much work was done under the management of this company. From Carthage to Warsaw the road was completed and put in oper ation. After the charter was obtained, a special act of the Legis lature was passed dividing the road in this State into the Eastern, Western and Central Divisions, for its construction and management. Peoria was not a point on this road at that time ; it crossed the Illi nois river at Pekin. From Pekin east it was known as the Eastern Division, from Pekin to Bushnell as the Central, and from Bush nell to Warsaw as the Western. Each division was a sort of inde pendent organization. Thompson Maple, of Canton, and a Mr. Buell, had a contract for the construction of the Central Division of the road, or that part between Pekin and Bushnell, and Mr. Sample, of Keokuk, built the Western Division. The total length of the road is 238 miles ; sidings, etc., 29 miles. Of this number 34 miles are in Fulton county. Connections: — At State Line with P., C. & St. L. Railway, at Watseka C. & E. I. Railway ; at Gilman with I. C. and G., C. & S. Railways ; Chenoa, with C. & A. Railway ; at El Paso with I. C. Railway (main line) ; at Peoria with P. & R. L, P., P. & J-, C., R. I. & P., and C, B. & Q. Railways ; at Bushnell with St. Louis Division and main line of the C, B. & Q. Railways ; at Burlington with C, B. & Q., B. & C. R. and M. & B. and B. & S. W. Rail ways; at Keokuk with DesMoines Valley Railway. CHAPTER XX. MISCELLANEOUS. THE CANTON & LIVERPOOL PLANK-ROAD COMPANY. Prior to the days of railroads in this part of the State plank roads and turnpikes were built on the main traveled routes to the principal towns, generally those situated upon the river. The Can ton & Liverpool Plank Road was started from Liverpool to Canton in 1850. The road was constructed principally by Canton mer chants, business men at Liverpool, and farmers in the vicinity of the road. The distance from the Public Square in Canton to Liver pool was 13 miles, about l£ miles of which is bottom land. The road-bed was graded 16 feet wide on the top, and the plank track was about 8 feet wide, laid upon one side of the road-bed. The plank was 2x6 inches and laid "upon square oak stringers. The plank road was just wide enough for one wagon, and in passing, one vehicle would have to turn out upon the dirt road. There were three toll gates arranged along the line at different places for the purpose of collecting toll, which was so much per mile. One of these was located one mile south of Canton, one three miles further south, and one at Liverpool. The Canton & Liverpool Plank Road Company did the grading under the immediate supervision .of the Directors of the Company. Thompson Maple furnished the lumber and put it down. He built a saw-mill about three miles from Liverpool for the purpose of saw ing the plank for this road. The " slab town " which originated by the construction of this mill still survives, and is known as Maple's Mill, which is on sections 10 and 11, Liverpool township. The total cost of this plank road was $40,000. It did not prove profitable to the company and but one dividend was ever declared, and this was when the road was in good order and no repairs were needed during the season. The Company got into debt and made an assessment to relieve this embarrassment, which some of the stockholders failed to pay. It became greatly indebted to Thomson Maple for repairs. As this indebtedness was never liquidated it was sold some years afterwards to satisfy the claimants, when Mr. Maple bid it in, took up the plank and put it to other uses. The line was run for about six years, and was the only plank road ever constructed in the county. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1015 There was a dike thrown up from Copperas Creek over the bot tom for a distance of about 2 miles. Copperas Creek Landing was only 10 miles from Canton, whereas Liverpool was 13 miles; and as this was a free road, it gave Copperas Creek Landing great advantage oyer the Liverpool Landing, and proved detrimental to the plank road. Had all the business of the country immediately interested been carried over the plank road it might have proven a profitable enterprise, both to the stockholders and to the people along the route; but this dike was constructed by merchants, or men who had warehouses at Copperas Creek Landing, for the purpose of attracting trade to that point. Being nearer to Canton and reaching a good coal district, the farmers preferred Copperas Creek Landing to Liver pool. COUNTY-SEAT CONTEST. The question of moving the county seat from Lewistown to Can ton began to be agitated in July of 1878. On Monday and Tuesday, August 5 and 6, the .county was canvassed by men from Canton and other places, for signers to a petition praying for an election on the removal of the county seat to Canton. There were secured to this petition 7,131 names. It was presented to the Probate Court Sept. 18, 1878, and the Judge called an election to vote for or against the removal, fixing the time a week later than the regular November election. The canvass was begun and carried through with the utmost vigor by both Canton and Lewistown. . Indeed efforts, un precedented almost in the history of county-seat fights, — which are known to engender feelings more intensely bitter than any other public contests, were made in this canvass. That both Canton and Lewistown, with their allies, put forth tremendous efforts, we presume will not be denied by any person. Both cities exerted themselves almost to their utmost, one to gain what it had not, the other to re tain what it already had. Speakers were in every school-house ad vocating one side or the other. Canton sent out her Silver Cornet Band and Lewistown a martial band. Every available man in both cities was used. Farmers residing in the vicinity brought in their teams and hitched them around the squares ready for the use of any person who might desire to go out in the interest of the respective cities. The various papers throughout the county were filled with lengthy editorials, local squibs, slings, etc., on the subject. Here we will remark that papers have seldom advocated or opposed a measure with so much force, ability and energy, as the newspapers of Fulton county did this proposition during the exciting campaign. Circulars and posters were printed by the thousand and sent over the county by both sides. We can not even give a synopsis of the arguments, promises and denials made by both parties, further than to briefly state the principal induce ment Canton offered to the people if they would give her the county- seat, and those made by Lewistown if they would let it remain with 1016 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. < her. Canton offered to the cbiinty a court-house worth not less 'than $40,000. The plans and* specifications were the same as used in the construction of the , court-htiuse at Waukegau, 111., large cuts of which appeared, in some of the papers. This building, with jail attached, was to.be when completed ' and ready for occupancy pre sented to the county. Lewistown offered to make the Circuit and County Clerks' offices fire-proof, at an expense of not less than $2,000 (which she did at a much greater outlay), and to fix up the old build ing. As illustrating the efforts made to gain votes upon either side, we relate the following incidents, which actually occurred. We do it, not condemning either party, or any one, but as good-naturedly showing how much votes were prized, and, how great the efforts sometimes put forth to secure them : Shortly prior to the county-seat contest a great temperance revival had been held in one of the river townships, and this noble cause found many converts among the good people residing in that district, heretofore anything but staunch temperance. folk. They had be come teetotalers of pronounced and radical principles. It so hap pened, too, that the majority of this community thought the removal of the county-seat advisable and should vote accordingly. Lewis- town had exerted her influence in the shape of arguments, but, seemingly, to no purpose, and the entire neighborhood was likely to go solidly for Canton, when by rights, owing to location, as Lewis- town thought, it should be given to her. It would not do to let them go in that way. Something must be done, and a few Lewis- tonians proved themselves equal to the emergency. One night a buggy was filled with jugs of whisky at Lewistown and driven into this township. The newly made and enthusiastic temperance men were called from their slumbers, and in that quiet, confidential tone to which politicians so often modulate their voice and deportment about, convention or election time, they were told that, knowing them to be'strongly in favor of the removal they had .brought them a jug of good old Bourbon for them tp use among the " boys " in the interest of Canton: They visited many of the leading! men in the same way, leaving ot offering to leave a jug of whisky " in the in terest of Canton." Their plan worked like a charm. It was one of the shrewdest schemes of the campaign, and none more effectual. The next day these leading men nudged each other in a confidential got-something-to-tell-you manner, and each related the experiences of the previous night, which, as was intended, turned them again&t Canton. They solemnly resolved to have nothing to do with m'en Who would so grossly insult, them, knowing of their recent strong temperance profession; arid' the entire neighborhood came over in a body for Lewistown.- 't ..,-.-. On a farm within a few miles from one of the towns of the county, (neither Canton^ or Lewistown) were two. men, one in favor of the removal of the county-seat, the other thinking that 'things- were well HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1017 enough as they were. They had reasoned among themselves and had many animated discussions. At last the Lewistown man seemed to get the Better of his Canton friend, a cousin, we believe. At least he so far converted him as to cause him to give up all notion of voting for Canton. He would remain at home and work, and not vote at all. This was indeed a great victory his friend had achieved,. and so jubilant was he that he went to the town in question and re lated the intentions of his cousin not to vote. This was unfortunate for him, for voters were at a premium and no efforts would, be spared to bring a delinquent [to the polls where one was known to be. It was noised about that Farmer was not going to vote. That would |not do ; so thought a prominent editor and a leading town official, who inclined toward Canton. These gentlemen im mediately put off in their buggy for Farmer 's fine farm. They found the gentleman, who had just driven into a corn-field with a two-horse wagon and began to gather a load of corn. They pressed him to go^back to town with'Tthem and vote, but no; he was obstinate :Jdin't care about going. Anyway he would not go until he got his load of corn gathered and that would make it too late for him to vote. The editor proposed to the alderman that they join in and help gather'the load of corn. He readily assented, their coats were thrown off and "ye editor" and official were soon throwing corn right and left. At last the large wagon box was filled and they thought Farmer would start right to town with thefii ; but no ; he loved to see his visitors work too well. He drew the load of corn to his barn and there made them shovel the cereal into the bin. They never flinched once, however, for they were after a " vote," which they finally got. At Farmington, which is near the Knox and Peoria county lines, there was a full corps of workers from both Canton and Lewistown on election day. It is said they had an abundance of liquors in quart and pint bottles. Of course there were two kinds : One would show its dririkers the importance of removing the county-seat, the other would be equally forcible in proving the importance of letting it remain where it was. The parties who pretended to represent the two cities Canton and Lewistown, at Farmington, were comparatively strangers there, and of course did not know the"men who lived in the adjoin ing counties of Knox and Peoria ; and it may be remarked that an unusual number of these gentlemen were in Farmington upon elec tion, day. One of them would be cornered, quietly presented with a quart bottle of the ardent and then urged to vote according to the views of the donor, when, to the chagrin of the " worker," he would cooly . reply : " Oh ! I live in Knox county," or, " I can't vote for I'm a resident of Peoria county."_ . A week after the regular November election, after a most exciting campaign, the voters of the county decided not to remove the county-seat to Canton. It required a majority of two-thirds of all the voters in the county to carry the measure. There were cast for removal 4,785 ballots, against, 4,349, thus defeating the measure. 1018 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. MATRIMONIAL. One of the very first items recorded in the original record of this county was a certificate of marriage. Since then matrimony has en joyed a long and prosperous "run." It is true, at times a slight dullness prevailed.. The market fluctuated, as it were. The great financial panics which have brought hard times upon the country at different periods have proven highly disastrous to matrimony. It will be noticed that in the following table the years immediately succeeding the great crashes, the number t)f marriage licenses issued have fallen off. remarkably. For instance, in 1838, the year after. the great financial crash of 1837, when the internal improvement system of the State collapsed,there were only 88 licenses issued, whereas the previous year there were 126j As the county regained its ftu> mer prosperity the number of marriages increased, until 1854, -the year preceding the pressure of hard, times of the previous year. 1855, '56 and '57 proved prosperous seasons for matrimony, but 1858, the following year after the crash of 1857, the decrease in num ber of marriages is quite perceptible. . From 1860 till the close of the war and the boys came marching home, matrimony waned. . In 1865, '66 and '67, however, the figures show an unprecedented sea son of prosperity in matrimony. Again after our last panic, that of 1873, we find a noticeable decrease. In 1823, the first year after the county was organized, no marriage licenses were issued. In lieu thereof, however, the officiating preachers or justices of the peace had an article certifying to the marriage filed in the office of the County Clerk. The first certificate thus recorded was for the marriage of Thomas L. Ross and Susan Nye, in July, 1823. The first couple ever married in Chicago was when that city was under the jurisdiction of this county. They were Alexander Woolcott and Eleanor Kinzie, daughter of the famous John Kinzie, the. first settler of Chicago. In primitive times, when money was seldom seen among the pio neers, coon-skins were used as a medium of trade. Marriage licenses were often secured by the brave young pioneer boys with coon-skins; At one time Stephen Dewey, County Clerk, had as many as 250 coon-skins on hand which he had received, for licenses. Garen Thompson procured the license which authorized his marriage with Susana Cole in 1828 of Stephen Dewey,.for which he paid him four coon-skins. He. had no money and as coon-skins were considered a legal-tender, they were readily taken. Nathaniel C. Bordwine was present at the time. We would infer from this transaction that the price of a marriage license was four coon-skins. It would appear that the County Clerk kept a regular "junk shop," almost, for besides taking coon skins in payment for official papers he would receive almost anything. One of the old settlers of Ver mont township had met the girl he resolved to make his bride, and after the usual arrangements between the willing couple the day HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1019 was set for being married. The young man was poor but full of pluck and energy. He could not raise the necessary amount of cash with which to procure the license, and as there were no coons in his " neck of the woods," or else he was a poor marksman, he could not even get the coon skins to trade for a license. Undaunted, however, he was determined to try another way. He was the happy possessor of an old bridle. Hanging this upon his arm he made his way to Lewistown, where be procured the necessary license and tendered the bridle in payment thereof. The county official looked over the well worn article with some hesitancy, but soon bid the young man to depart in peace. Rev. Wm. Rutledge, a pioneer Methodist preacher now living in Sangamon county, relates the following interesting incidents with respect to marriages : After the ceremony he performed on one oc casion the groom asked him how much he charged. Mr. R. replied that he made no charge, but the young man could pay what he chose. The groom took from his pocket three silver quarters, and holding them out in his open hand, said, " There : take till you are satisfied." One young man who Mr. Rutledge married had no shoes of his own fit for his wedding, and therefore borrowed his mother's shoes for the occasion. He agreed to pay for the ceremony when he dug his potatoes. Another benedict paid Mr. Rutledge $5 at the time of the ceremony, and a year or so afterward the matri monial alliance had turned out so well that he handed the clergy man $5 more. Mr. Rutledge relates the case of a Dutchman who went to Lewistown, obtained his license, got married, and on his way home in the wagon he recollected that he did not have the license with him, and suddenly exclaimed : " Och ! I forgot mine license ; I pays mine money for him ; I goes back and gets him." Of course the parson kept the license. There are some quaint documents on file in the matrimonial de partment of the County Clerk's office. Often when a young man went after a license the Clerk would not give it unless he knew the girl was of proper age and her parents did hot object to the marriage. Among the letters we take the following verbatim : June the 23 : This is to show that thire is now oposition in this mach this I give from under my band this 23 June 1832 Mary Brown. Henry Hampton to Parmelia Ann Brown. hereby i do approbate and Consent to this marriage and do give 'my daughter mary tanner to John Cammel, Roda Tanner, seal. sir i have given my consent that levi jewel shll have my daughter beulah. Wm.Bush Elizabeth Bush. 1020 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The following table gives the number of marriage licenses issued each year since 1824: YBAK.1824...1825.. 1826..'. 1827...1828.. 1929.. 1830.. NO. ISSUED. 2 3 9 ........ 8 17 22 11 1831 38 1832.1833.1834.1835.. 1836..1837..1838.. 1839..1840.. 1841.,1842..1843.. 2637 47 36 83 126 88 136135125134 164 1844.,1845., 1846., 1847.. 1848..1849..1850.. 1851..1852..1853..1854..1855..1856..1857..1858..1859.. I860.. 1861..1862.. NO. ISSUED. 146 171 179188 201234240277234243223333360 358 327386 311294274 YEAR. 1863-1864. 1865..1866..1867.. 1868..1 Seg me nt.. 1872.. 1873..1874..1875.. 1876- 1877.. 1878.. NO. ISSUED. 248 301 376 450 405 335 390 340 357 328 373 ¦ ..' 324 339343373363 1879 to Oct. 17 278 Total 13,148 SCHOOL STATISTICS. Hon. James P. Blade, Supt. of Public Instruction; Dear Sir : — I nave the honor to submit this my Annual Report, hoping that you may find it accurate and satisfactory. The Board of Supervisors in their wisdom saw proper to limit the time of the County Superintendent (100 days each year) ; hence I have but little or no supervision over the schools in this county. This neglect of visiting the schools is the very best of reason why our schools are not in a better condition ; also the reason why that very many of the 3,381 children who are eligible to attend school do not attend. A majority of our experienced and best teachers have left this county and our schools for the past few years have wof ully retrograded, from the fact that most of the schools outside of the towns are in the hands of the young and inexperienced, and there is no one who has the time or author ity to instruct, or to drill in the great art of teaching, that would better enable teachers to asume the vast resposibility, so that they would discharge every duty in a conscientious manner and with a pure and honest purpose. Fulton is a large county; much work is required, and even the ordinary labor cannot be performed in the time granted by the Supervisors. To dis charge my official duty I was employed fifty-five days over the time, and of course all those days of over time shall be gratuitious. Now from the above statement it can be easily seen why it is that " Teachers' Institutes" have ceased to meet, and ''Township Drills" are no longer prac ticed. As the School Laws have imposed a duty which is mandatory upon the County Superintendent — that of examining Township Treasurers' books, notes, etc. — and as he is required to report the result of this investigation to the Township Trustees, I think that surely the Board of Supervisors will at their next session grant as much more time at least as would be necessary to the accomplishment of this important work. ' All the High Schools of the county are reported. Only one acting under special charter, the other two are district graded schools. Respectfully submitted, Yours truly, H. J. BENTON, County Supt. A table giving the School Statistics in full will be found on the next page. \ 6i8I '08 antif 8m ¦pua TO8A. 8^11 ^oj 93InjtpU3dxj[ IBJOX OOQOMNNCO©©lOO«N?DU3COC005— I HtCMNNr^ClMiOi-lCl s»qOB3xp„ii,Tay OiO^OOONOlOOOOCOlOMOOSHtOffi^CDtOOO ^^t^oo^oocc^oooxtocooooo-oiNpa© NNWH-iCOiCCOCDOOiCDlO^MIO^OCiONTlHW^aONTtHOCO^QONMBWOWOJ(N03QTt*0^-H OS^OO^CO ^.^TfHCDNCCOOOHiOOJWCD^WCCONlOiOr-iOMlONWHNHMWC^HMH r-t HCON««H«03^HH ¦sisipBsx 3lBin 3,1 piBj saSBAi Xiiouoh ^ssAioi O ^ O O O.O OOOOOOOOOOOlOCDOcTJO otoo O^DOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOr^CDOCDOOCOO ¦siaiiOBdx Aiqjuojfl jsoaioi lOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOCJOOOOOOi-HOOOOOOOC lOOiOiOtDiflffiOWOOiOiOOiOOOiOOOi'iOiOOno N«CO«M3. PSBJ S3SBAV AlJiOK lS3q2(H oiooionioooioooiowwicioioioiooooooio T^^^coco.eoeo^HcocococqcocooocococoiMco^'tOiO^ec ¦SJ9qOB3X a^BH PIBJ ssSbm, OOOOOU30iOWMOOO( io^iomoot.o«iooio •SI3 DDB3J, 3IBnI3^ 'OiJ NlOCOHNOOtMOt^HN^COHlOTtt^OHtOOO^lOCO^1 ai3tp)B3X 31BH '°N ¦paiioj tin sitdnj jo -ok CO<»0^1005QONa)rHNCDNHOJ^MNCDM10*CCMQOOimpHO—OCOOXNOOr-iWNaOCQOOiCWfNiflrHO^H »H1 •SJOIIJ •sia looqos jo -oh OCOlOOinNHXHOOOCOCOtOOOOOOOlOl 'IS PUB 9 U33Al}3q suos 13,1 jo -os. TOOX ¦HiOlOOONHlONCDOMOCOCOCOOlOlCOOHMMN^tO OOHNOlOlOiONOJCOTlHfMr-^'OJCDOOS-'ffih-INNOOO "SSp'rccjcc^iOi-iirtONCjr-cNicot^-eoaoeNicOTt'ooinoOCE^^'tH^HHTtHHNfMNiOiOOJa'iO-.^OH'SOCO.— iiOOiOCOa^OOCOiOC^TjiCOt^lOQOLOir3t-OiCOC35t^l> '13 JSpun sno9 J3.I JO -OK IBJOX "K J3P un saxBrasji jo -ok CDlOCOCOC^COrt'iOTt.COC^r-irtiilOTQOyi^tNera^r-.^Sm I-t 12 lapuu ssxbpi 'oh COlOCiCOIMTjlTtfThlOf^r-KMi-lCOt^'tiCOINCoBN^^CO o .So DO :- 3 S ai- = 5 3 s S'C cI(K.1-qt=^ti,pqoPHfHM^^PH^f?3pqc3^mo CO^icCOt^COC^O-^CNCO^iftcOr^oOOO-^CNCC-^iO rtHMnHHHHHHNNNNNN ISOI "AiKaOO HOllM 30 AHOX8IH 1022 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. TABLE OF DISTANCES IN FULTON COUNTY. In order to find the distance from one town to another, find the names of the respective towns, one in each list. For instance^ if we wish to learn the distance it is from Fairview to Vermont, we trace down the list of names upon the left till we come to Vermont; then find Fairview in the upper list, arid trace the columns of fig ures that each of these names are in until they meet, which will indicate the distance. We. thus find it is 35 miles from Vermont to Fairview. Name of Place. B 3 „. cm £ B a III gig ^ as ¦3 'ft W 05 ao Bci> 0,K 12 29 Canton.: Ipava Liverpool Havana Otto Summum Astoria Vermont Table Grove.. Bernadotte... Marietta Avon Smithfield Ellisville Fairview Farmington.«Civer Bryant Cuba 1612 9 7 10 10 17il8 26 25 25 33 37 34 — _l 12 10 20 20 39 27,26 10 lOjieil 10 18.13 91617 1422,22 20l27i28 20'23 28 1820 10 12 23 13 20 18 23 31 27 23 35 25:3120 30 33 24 2612 28 24 25 4028 20 610,14 29 30,30 26 44,27 20 22 23 20 35 28,311635 21 17 12 13 15 12 39 14 3714!34|16 12 13 44;33,44 20 43 24 1411 47 35 38J19 37,18 1 ' 43 31 33 14,33 27 16 22j 6 14 6 920 H 22 14 16 22 15 HISTOEY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1023 POPULATION. The following table gives the population of Fulton County by townships for 1850, '55, '60 and '70, with the increase. Where a dash appears before a number in the columns of increase it signi fies a decrease in the population of the township. We give an esti mated population of the county by townships for the present year in the last column but one. We base our estimate upon the school census of 1879, and we" believe it is not far from correct, although we do not claim it as official or as perfect, but think it will be found approximately so. Astoria....... Vermont....Farmers'.... Harris Lee Union.-..!....Woodland... Pleasant Bernadotte.. 12131564 830442333916>965 964 778 Cass 643: Deerfield 544 Ellisville 410: Young Hickory 404 1403 191 2088 524 956 126 668 226555 15441 6281 1289! 324 ! 1128 164 870! 92 810 167, 16781 275 1964l-124 618476 KertonIsabel Waterford.. Lewistown.. Putman Joshua Fairview .... Liverpool. . Buckheart.. Canton , Farmington,Banner Orion 308 539265 15151025 879 1047 1 674!924 25791420 700 527 538 134 366, 58 624 338 1787 11621000 1349 919 1061 2950 85 ¦73272137 121 301 245 137 371 1813; 393 803! 103 530: Total 20408 27978:5570 340016042 38659 4658 43452 4793 907908 1141 1662 144814061557 908775605 643592 738 453 2308 1 240 253118159178 687 98 157128105 226114115 517 21202289 1219 1029 1298192316021690 1254 442325 262 121157 261154284 -303 1294 386 908| 133 659 54 793| 150 2706 2204 125211501348 2036 1890 586 -85 33 121 50 103 288 2030J 340 1772 518 1335! 173 1170| 170 1373| 24 1310! 391 1274' 213 3590 640 2157 344 1226 423 823 293 520 '728 457 29531676 1194131913501590 4492 2107 1110 1085 -72! -10 4 645341 24 -54 40 316 902 -50 -116 262 1582 1020 644858 654923581 3312 18941236 126614241896 4888214613401300 288 112 -15 65 134195124359 218 42 -53 74 306496 39 230 215 THE WEALTH OF FULTON COUNTY. ' Nothing can better show the wealth, importance and standing of Fulton county than a comparison of assessments with other counties of the State. Such a comparison, which is by no means unfavor able to this county, will clearly set forth the resources of Fulton 60 1024 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. county as in relation to other counties of Illinois. It is not our desire or intention to make a commendable representation when not sub stantiated by facts. We give nothing but authentic figures, such as are filed with the State Auditor from each county, and therefore may be relied upon as bold, stubborn facts. As compared with other counties in the State, Fulton is sixth in area, containing 549,973 acres. The five counties having a larger acreage, in their order are, McLean, La Salle, Iroquois, Livingston and Champaign. There are 305,243 acres of land improved, and 244,730 unimproved, making 56 per cent, of all lands improved. The total valuation of lands in Fulton (1878) was $8,294,922, which is excelled by the following counties : Cook, La Salle, Mc Lean, Sangamon, Adams, Henry and Knox. The total valuation of personal property, lands and town lots of this county was $13,146,- 519, which was excelled by twelve counties in the State. In 1852 the value of lands of this county was $2,012,505, exceeded only by Cook, Adams, Jo Daviess, Madison and Sangamon. The total value of real and personal property for 1852 was $4,954,068, which was sixth. The value of the real and personal property of Fulton county had increased in the twenty-six years from that amount to $13,146,519, an average increase in wealth of $300,000 per year. The three items included in the above statement, personal property, town lots and lands, will give a fair idea .of the wealth of the county. But as it is not customary to make the assessment on a full cash valuation, we must, in order to fully show the wealth of the county add the per cent, deficit. The assessment shows only about sixty per cent, of the value ; therefore, upon this basis, which is by no means an exaggeration, we find the real wealth of Fulton county to be $21,910,086, an average of $500 to every man, woman and child in the county. In Fulton county there are 15,975 horses, while there are ten other counties having a larger number. In 1852 there were 9,172 horses in this county, which exceeded every county in this great State by several hundreds. While the increase in the number of horses has not kept pace with some other counties, the value has. Fulton county boasts of having horses as fine as can be found in any county in the State. There are forty-eight counties that have a larger number of mules than Fulton. These are principally southern counties, where mules are in more general use than through out the central and northern part of the State. Of these animals there were in 1878, 1,139. In this county there were 16,180 sheep, excelled only by Lake, McHenry, McLean, Vermillion and Macou pin. As far back as 1852 there were 18,551 sheep in the county, which shows that sheep-raising has been upon the decline. In num ber of hogs this county is excelled only by Bureau, Henry, Living ston and Knox. There were here in 1878, 72,762 hogs, almost double the number there were twenty-six years ago. There are in Fulton county 6,193 carriages and wagons. In but HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1025 ten other counties is there a larger number. In 1852 there were 3,488. There are within the borders of the county only 9 billiard tables, while there are 71 counties having a larger number. Take into consideration the uses these tables are generally put to, we find Fulton stands in the front rank as a moral county in this respect. In point of number of clocks and watches Fulton stands tenth. She has 4,026. In number of sewing and knitting machines there are 2,936, while there are eight counties having more. These ma chines were not enumerated in 1852, there being none, as we sup pose, in the county at that time. There are in the county 235 pianos, being excelled by 19 others. In 1852 there were only 10 of these instruments in the county. There are but 14 counties having a larger number of organs and melodeons, there being 522 in this county. For the year 1877 there were sown of wheat in Fulton county 28,440 acres, being excelled by no county in the same latitude or north. Of corn for the same year there were planted 120,352 acres, tliere being 13 counties which had a larger acreage of corn. There were 17,460 acres of oats sown, and 32,937 acres in pastur age. There were 5,198 acres in orchards, which is exceeded only by Knox, Adams, McLean, Champaign, Madison and St. Clair. In Fulton county the assessment, for 1877 showed that there were 154,- 489 acres of woodland in the county, which is a greater number of acres then , any county save Clark, Jackson, Hamilton, Jefferson, White and Wayne, the latter county having more woodland than any county in Illinois. ' There are 102 miles of railro,ad in Fulton county, being exceeded by Cook, Edgar, Hancock, Henry, Kane, LaSalle, Livingston, Logan, Madison, McLean, Peoria, Sangamon, Tazewell, Vermillion, Whiteside and Will. FULTON COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, AND THE FULTON COUNTY FAIR-GROUND ASSOCIATION. These two organizations are separate, yet closely allied to each other. The Fair-Ground Association owns the grounds, while the Agricultural Society, or Board, conducts the fairs. Of the Agricul tural Board, Inman Blakaby is President; C. A. Emry, Secretary; John R. Gardiner and S. S. Miller, General Superintendents, and James Donn, Superintendent of Floral Hall. Of the Fair-Ground Association John A. Furry is President; J. R. Randolph, Secre tary ; H. J. Whitmore, Superintendent, and I. N. Leeper, Calvin Branson and L. F. Randolph, Directors. For the early history of the Fulton County Fairs we are indebt ed to Mr. Swan's History of Canton. The first agricultural fair held in Fulton county was held at Canton, on the Hannan Farm, in the fall of 1852. At that time the Fulton County Agricultural Society had no existence. Some of the citizens of Canton determined to hold a fair on their own 1026 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. account. Meetings were accordingly held, ground selected, offi cers chosen, and all arrangements made. The county at large was invited to participate, and the result was quite a respectable exhibition. At this fair the Fulton County Agricultural Society was brought into existence. The second and several subsequent fairs were held first at Cuba, then at Lewistown, and at Vermont. In the fall of 1856, for the second time a fair was held at Can ton — this time being the third annual fair of the Fulton County Agricultural Society. The fair ground on this occasion was located on South Main street, in what was then known as Wright's pasture, near the Stroud place. This fair attracted a great crowd of people for that day, and was a complete success. No admittance fee was charged, and one enterprising politician improved the occasion to address the assembled multitude on political topics, much to the dis gust of the party opposed to him in politics. A ladies' equestrian display was the one memorable feature of the fair, and one of the fair riders, Miss Lydia Maria Attonetta Shepley, was thrown from her animal, but recovered her saddle almost instantly, without assist ance, and before any of the gallants could reach her with their prof fers of assistance, amid the cheers of the crowd. Between 1856 and 1866 the fairs of the Fulton County Agricul tural Society had been held at Lewistown. These fairs had not been to any considerable extent successful, and in consequence the society was in a languishing condition. In 1866, the members of the Society, feeling a determination to make their fairs more successful, elected a new board of officers and voted to remove the fairs to Canton. The citizens of Canton at once took a deep and active interest in the Society, and set to work in the most praiseworthy manner to make the fairs not only successful, but to place them in the very front rank among the county fairs of the United States. A joint-stock company was accordingly formed, which purchased twenty-five acres of the Anderson farm, lying in the southeastern angle formed by the intersection of the branch of the G, B. & Q. with the T., P. & W. Railroad. The site selected is on a high level prairie, commanding a view of a considerable portion of the city, and was a most admi rable selection of ground for the purpose. This ground was pur chased independent of the Society, but the grounds were donatel to the Society free of rent for the term of ninety-nine years. The citizens of Canton and vicinity now subscribed $5,000 for the purpose of fencing and the erection of the necessary buildings, stock stalls, etc. The Directors of the Society, recognizing the spirit of liberal en terprise thus manifested by the citizens of Canton, appointed an executive committee consisting -of five persons, residents of Canton, to superintend the erection of buildings, fencing, and making all necessary arrangements for the fair. This committee consisted of HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1027 Messrs. J. H. McCall, A. B. Hulit, A. C. Babcock, D. W. Vittum, jr., and Townsend Atwater. It proceeded at once to business, and erected a large substantial and convenient hall, fifty by one hun dred feet ; an amphitheater capable of seating 1,000 persons, with booths for the sale of refreshments underneath ; with all the neces sary offices, stables, stock-pens, a fine judges' stand, and prepared a half-mile track for exhibition purposes. The Society furnished $5,- 000, and the whole amount was judiciously expended in preparing these grounds. From the fair of this year (1866) $4,000 were realized, and thus the Society was placed upon a sound financial basis, and Canton fairs from that time began to be famous. In 1867 the Society realized $6,000 from its fair; in 1868, over $7,000; in 1869, nearly $9,000. In 1868 another amphitheater was added, with a large dining-hall and kitchen attached; additional sheds for carriages, implements and tools were erected, and large additions made to the number of stalls and stock-pens. In 1869 the number of entries had reached 2,300, and the fair was one of the most successful ever held by any county in the West ; while that of 1870 was even more successful, being in close competition with the State fair. The Society got in debt largely and to overcope this a grand effort was put forth in 1871. Everything was bright and promising up to the very commencement of the fair when that appalling Chi cago calamity, the greatest conflagration of the age, entirely frus trated the plans of the Society and in spite of the desperate effort put forth the loss was $5,000. The Society found itself hopelessly in debt, owing $13,000. The grounds and fairs are now under the able management of the gentlemen first mentioned, .is in a prosperous condition and regain ing its former prestige. THE AVON DISTRICT AGRICULTURAL BOARD. The Avon District Agricultural Board was organized - Sept. 2, 1871. It was called "The Avon Agricultural Society." The grounds were first used for holding stock sales, which were done away with in 1874 or 1875. The first fair was held Sept. 29, 30, Oct. 1 and 2, 1872, with L. F. Ross as President, A. B. Tompkins, Treasurer, and A. J. Churchill, Secretary. Considering that this was the inaugural fair, it was a success in every respect. In 1877 the Society changed its name from " The Avon Agricultural Society " to that of " The Avon District Agricultural Board." By so doing they are entitled to the $100 offered by the State for each successful fair held within the State. The following are the gross receipts of each year: 1872, $965.80; 1873, $2,615.96; 1874, $2,461.45; 1875, $2,893.15 ; 1876, $3,100.38 ; 1877, $3,324.42 ; 1878, $2,949.44 ; 1879, $3,468. 1028 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. The last fair was the most successful of all held by this Board. The gate receipts were $1,585 in one day. The Society is entirely out of debt, and more than this, it has a neat little sum in the treasury. Surely, this is an institution of which Fulton county may justly be proud. REMINISCENCES.\ Wm. H. Smith. Henry Smith, my father," was a native of Prus sia, and born July 4th, 1777 ; emigrated to the U. S. and landed at Baltimore July 4, 1799, amid the roar and sound of cannon and music, celebrating the day that gave birth to our National Indepen dences A very short time after landing here in walking along some of the roads in or about Georgetown, some elderly gentleman came riding by, and a puff of wind blew the gentleman's hat off and over the fence; my father jumped the fence, got the hat and gave it to its owner, upon which the gentleman gave him a silver dollar. Upon arriving at the inn, father made inquiry who the gentleman was that was so generous and liberal in giving so much for so small a favor, and was told that it was General Washington. The first day of May, 1837, I took leave of my old native town, foot and alone, to seek my fortune in Illinois. I traveled over 200 miles afoot. After I had made up my mind to go West my brother- in-law, George Glassford, concluded to go too, and as he would go through to Wheeling by stage (no railroads then) and me afoot, we made calculation on time and distance. We met there, and a steam boat, Swiss Boy, was laying at the wharf with steam up ; we took this for Peoria. We reached Peoria in due time and I tried to get employment in a mill, but there was none there at that time. The place was quite small. The court-house apparently stood back of town, and you had to travel quite a distance through the wild prairie grass, to reach the Bluff. Finally there was an old man by the name of Davis came to town hunting a few hands to work on a brick yard, and I engaged to him. After running a while in con nection with Mr. D., making brick, a Mr. Hamlin & Knowlan, of Peoria, bought of Brook & Cogswell, of Canton, a steam mill in Utica, Fulton Co., and knowing I had been hunting a berth in a mill, hunted me up and finally hired to them. I left the brick yard on the 28th day of August, 1837, took passage on a steam boat, and came ashore at Copperas Creek Landing. There was a little one- story log cabin on the bank, which was used as a kind of a ware house ; was all the house that I recollect of seeing there then. I started afoot on the road, meandering along the creek for Utica, and arrived there about the middle of the afternoon ; took charge of the steam mill the next morning. Mills were not very plenty and soms that run by water would dry up, consequently our mill was crowded ; they came a great distance and sometimes waited over a week for their turn. In a few days Mr. Knowlan came down looking around to see how things were going. I was grinding HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1029 corn, trying to make good meal, according to my Virginia style, Mr. K. felt of it, looked up to me and says : " By G — d, Billy, you will spile these Suckers ; they aint used to such meal as that ; role it out like h — 11." I worked for them in the mill until the fall of 1838, when myself and Israel Myler rented the mill for a few months, and in the spring of 1839 I rented it alone and fitted up a distillery that was connected with the mill. On Christmas of 1837 or '38, I don't recollect now, I was invited to a quilting party at Thomas T. Bybee's, I attended and there became acquainted with my first and second wives. In the spring of 1840 Captain Jones Rawalt and myself conclud ed to load a canal-boat that John A. Jones owned, with such pro ducts as we had on hand and could obtain, such as pork, grain, pota toes, etc., and float down the river until we found sale. After we had our load aboard Mr. Rawalt sold to me. I reached Alton after a very long, rough voyage, and sold part of my cargo, and the rest . stored there and visited my old home, but returned to Illinois with in a few weeks. In those days I thought Utica was the greatest place in the county. We had a steam grist-mill, a distillery, a grist and saw mill run by water power, two stores, grocery, coopersbops, wagon shops, blacksmith shops, etc., etc., and we could, and did get up the biggest Fourth of July celebration in the county ; have the best liberty pole ; a cannon to burn powder and have a free diuner and ask all to join with us in the festivities and celebration; we had our uniform company, armed and equipped. Wm. C. Killsa was our Captain. I engaged in mercantile business there. In the spring of 1840 or '41 there came to Utica three men by the name of Hale, Thompson and Miller. Miller was hired to teach a school. Hale and Thompson rented the steam grist-mill and dis tillery. They seemed to make considerable show, fixing up the mill, buying grain, etc. They went in debt for everything, saying they would pay as soon as they got some drafts exchanged, as it could not be done here; finally Messrs. Graham & Snyder, of Canton, bought one of their drafts, paid some goods and balance in money. As soon as they got the money they made excuse now that they would look around and buy some cattle to feed their still-slop, etc., but their intention was to leave. I saw all was not right and followed Thompson to John Coleman's, in Canton, took Thompson one side, told him my fears and I wanted my pay or some assurance as I did not believe he would come back; well,, they had bought several hundred bushel of grain, but never paid for it ; they, however, gave me a lien on the grain to secure me ; they left, owing John Coleman considerable and he attached this grain and this brought me in the first law suit I ever had, with a man too that was posted in law. I beat him before a justice, Fairchild by name; he appealed; finally compromised ; gave him a part of the grain ; he paying all the cost. Miller, the school teacher, was never heard from. John G. Gra- 1030 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. ham or Snyder, followed Thompson, overtook him near the State- line of Indiana, brought him back ; be gave up all he had and was let go. After telling where Hale, his partner was, parties went in pursuit of Hale ; found him living on Fox river ; his right name being Chandler ; he was brought back, bad a preliminary trial ; in default of bail was sent to jail. He was taken to Lewistown hand cuffed, night overtook them and he made his escape ; the handcuffs being found near Utica, it was supposed he had found some friend there to assist him. It was supposed and really understood that the parties, who was imposed on by the forged drafts, had been made good, and the prisoner given a chance to make his escape. There was a grist and saw-mill in Utica built, I believe, by a Mr. Clark, some several years before I come to the county, owned by Theopolis Kirk, and rented to Samuel Myers and Wm. Enochs. It did considerable business; afterward I rented the mill, refitted it, but run it but a short time and sold out to other parties. My land was surrounded with a very heavy growth of the finest timber I ever saw, being clustered up with grape vines, that some time we would have to cut several trees before we could make them fall to the ground ; all this together with the decaying vegetation in the fall of year and the musqurtoes. Oh ! my, it makes me shudder to think back, what I have had to endure among all these pests ; why, sir! I have had my corn torn down by the raccoons; you would have thought a drove of hogs were in the field ; I have had it badly eaten by squirrels. They would be in droves so thick some times that I have seen forty or fifty on some of the dead trees through the field ; blackbirds were terrible, we had to watch and scare them off' as they passed from the bottoms, their roosting place, in the morning and back in the evening, and unless you watched your crop they would tear open, eat and destroy your crops. Before going on my place I tried to get a location at the Landing on the river ; the little log warehouse I spoke of before on my landing here from Peoria, belonged to Ira Mills, he did not seem to do much, still I knew that all the goods and wants of the country from abroad and all our surplus products must either be shipped in or out by the Illinois river,, and I thought I could build up a good business at the Landing. I made a proposition to Mr. Mills to buy so much ground and give him a horse and buggy for a lot, and rent his warehouse and ground for five years, to pay the rent in building on the prem ises, but be was one of those kind of men that would do nothing, and not let any one else. Failing in this enterprise I moved on my place ; immediately after this A. C. Thompson bought lands adjoin ing' Mr. Mills. Richard Tompkins took charge and opened up a much better Landing than Mr. Mills, as his, Mr. Mills, was nearer the mouth of the creek and gradually filling up, and finally went down. Mr. Elisha W. Resor and Wilson Hulit became interested in the other Landing, and afterwards Snider and Benjamin Rawalt, among them, built up several large warehouses. Mr. Resor and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1031 Hulit opened up a store, bought in the products of the country, done quite a large business, and sometimes there has been as high as a hundred teams a day with loads of grain, come to the ware house. The year the cholera raged along the river, Snider and Ben jamin Rawalt fell victims to the scourge. In the latter part of 1855 or 1856, the main warehouse stored full of the products of the country, took fire and burned down. In the spring of 1856 I commenced building my mill ; started the engine on Christmas day, the saw soon after. The next spring put in a run of burrs and after awhile bolts and another run of burrs, etc., having two double flued boilers and plenty of power to drive all, I run the mill successfully, but for several years past I have not given it much attention, having Mr. Bybee's business to look after. I assisted Mr. Bybee in his business for many years, and the last few years ofhis life had his entire business. In 1842 agreed to take full charge of his affairs. He selected me some years ago, if I should outlive him, to settle up his estate. On the 4th of Oct., 1877, he died. I gave bond of $400,000 ; took charge" of the estate, his personal and real property footed up to $281,000. I distributed among the heirs in the month of January following, $175,000, and made some advances since, and the two years has just passed since I took out letters, the time allowed ip settling up the estate. I have the balance in shape according to agreement with heirs to pass over to them in a few days. This is the largest estate ever probated in Fulton Co. and so arranged as to be settled up in the two years. Richard Hall relates quite an interesting incident of " Wester- field's defeat." He and his brother-in-law, Joe Hedge, started from near Havana to go to Lewistown by way of Waterford. Seeing a team about ready to cross by the ferry at the Illinois river, they requested the ferryman to pull across, when Mr. Wentworth, who owned the team, asked Dick (Richard Hall) to ride and drive while the other two walked. When half-way to Waterford they noticed a man dodging in and out of the bushes near the road as though he was trying to see and not be seen. The party made some remarks about it, but concluded he was looking for bees, or hunting. He finally came up to them, but bad evidently thought they were Indians. His name was David Fouts. He said, " boys, you had better be going to the other end of the roads, for, he said, the Indians were killing every one in the town of Canton." He himself heard the screaming and yelling of the women and children, and knew that every white human was being murdered. Mr. Hali and party, however, kept on. They next met Louis Winans with two yoke of oxen hitched to a sled on which was a bureau, bed ding and his family, with two boys plodding along in the road be hind, while he was urging the oxen by whip and speech continually. They next met John Pixley, with one yoke of oxen hitched to a' sled, on which were his wife and some children, while others walked. Pixley, while on his retreat, picked up a son of John Coleman who had been deserted by his father, and took him to Havana. 1032 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. Richard Hall on this trip came through Thompson's Prairie, went up to a log cabin owned by a Mr. Thompson, and noticing quite a stir, asked what was up. They explained that the Indians were coming, and they were fixing up a fort. This cabin was about 12x14 feet in size, and a few good men with handspikes could have upset it. One of the neighbors of Elijah Willcoxen, by the name of Farris, during the Westerfield Indian scare, while fleeing with her children, was encumbered by a babe, which she was obliged to abandon in order to escape with the rest. She afterwards recovered the child, however. It is related that one of the primary causes of the Black Hawk war was from an incident that happened in Liverpool tp. Joseph Farris, Asa Smith, and Bird Ellis, while out hunting, espied a young Indian, caugbt him, cut switches and whipped him with them. He attempted to escape and while doing so one of the party struck him on the head with a gun, and they left him near the Indian camp. He recovered so as to get to his friends, but died just as they arrived at Peoria, where they had carried him on a litter. From this and other incidents was the cause of the Black Hawk war, in which so many innocent lives were lost. Mrs. Adeline Ray, daughter of Elijah Willcoxen, tells of an in cident that happened to her father during the winter of the big snow. He started out on a hunt and was obliged to wear large snow shoes, 16 inches wide by 2 or 3 feet long. While going over a large drift he made a misstep, and fell head first into the snow. Nothing remained in sight but his feet and the big snow shoes. As fast as he would try to get up the snow would break away and let his head and shoulders down deeper than ever. He finally suc ceeded in getting his knife out and cutting the snow shoes from his feet and extricated himself, but came pretty near being " drowned in the snow." Mrs. Ray says the whole settlement was almost like one family, kind, hospitable and honest, always ready to help one another. She can remember of seeing deer 'in herds of 15 to 20 at a time. "FULTON COUNTY." The following essay was delivered by Miss Emma Williams at the graduating exercises of the Canton High School in 1874 : Feeling that our county is not appreciated as it should be, I have undertaken to give a short description of it. Being our home, we cannot but feel some interest in it, and it is to our advantage to know what it contains, and what has been done, and what is the best mode of improving it. It was originally a part of Pike county; was organized Jan. 28, 1823, and has from its earliest his tory manifested great industry and improvement. It is triangular in shape, 9 to 36 miles long from north to south, 14 to 20 east and HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1033 west, and consists of 26 organized townships, and in 1870 contained a population of 38,000. It has many natural advantages, such as being well watered; plenty of timber; rich fertile soil; and accessible to market by the Illinois river, which is now being much improved by the building of the Copperas creek dam, This when completed will give those of the southern part of the county greater facilities for shipping their produce to the great markets of Chicago and St. Louis by water transportation, which was in the early days of the county the only means of transportation. The surface of the county consists of undulating and highly cultivated prairies, diversified with excel lent timber. It was originally nearly equally divided between prai rie and timber land. But a large portion of this timber has been cleared away in developing the agricultural interests of the county, and splendid farms now occupy places which but a few years ago were covered with a dense forest. There is considerable variety in the soils of this county, though there are none so poor that they will not produce fair crops of the cereals grown in this region whenjproperly cultivated. The most productive soils are those covering the prairie land which are a chocolate brown, rich in organic mutter and produce very large crops. The poorest lands are the white oak ridges that skirt the borders of small streams, but they will yield fair crops, and are equal, if not superior, to the prairie land for the growth of fruit. Sand and clay for making brick are found abundantly distributed in every neighborhood and on almost every farm in the county. The soil of the prairies furnish abundant of brown clay, which, when mingled with sand found in the beds of streams, forms excel lent material for this purpose. Nearly all the uplands of the county are underlaid with coal. The most complete expanse of the productive coal-measures that have been discovered in the State is found here. Several strata, all of which have been worked to a greater or less extent, have been discovered. It is so abundant in many places just beneath the sur face that with but little effort it may be quite easily obtained, and it is so distributed as to be accessible to any portion of the county. The strata comprising numbers one, two and three, outcrop on all the streams in the south and west portion, and is of great value to South Fulton, while strata numbers four and six, the most valuable in the northern portion of the State, underlies nearly seven town ships in the county, equal to nearly 9,000,000 tons of coal to the square mile. The mining and shipping of coal in our county will compare favorably with any in the State. It is equal in quality to any in the West, and will answer most all purposes for which coal is used. A good quality of fire-clay has been found in the vicinity of Marietta, from two to three feet in thickness and will be quite valuable in course of a few years in making fire-brick. 1034 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. A fine quality of sandstone is being extensively worked on Spoon river which is quite valuable for building purposes. Between Seville and Bernadotte there has been found extensive beds of St. Louis limestone, which forms material for making the purest and whitest made in the State. Our mineral resources are being more fully developed every year. In fact our county may be called a mine of wealth. Our railroad facilities are very good. The Buda & Rushville branch of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy railroad passes through from the north to the southwest part of the county, and the main line intersects the northwest corner of the county. The Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw crosses from east to west nearly through the center of the county, and the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis railroad through the southwestern part, affording us good shipping facilities for our surplus produce. The educational advantages are certainly worth mentioning. Great improvements have been made in the Public School system within the past twenty years. Every parent recognizing the just, moral claim of every child to an education, feels the importance and dignity of his obligations, and upright and loyal citizen, to make equal provision for all. We have a number of fine churches of most every denomination, and different societies, as Masonic fraternity, Odd Fellows, Good Templars and many other, seem to be in a flourising condition. I might mention the benevolent societies. Where is there a county which makes greater efforts to provide for her poor and needy than our own ? All seem to be ready to give a helping hand to assist those who are destitute of the many comforts of life. There is also several weekly newspapers published in our county, three of which are published in our own city. Besides these there are in operation some very large woolen mills, wagon shops, etc. The plow and cultivator factory of Canton is one of the most exten sive of the State. The future for Fulton county looks bright. In what direction can you turn and point out to us a county containing better advant ages than we possess for manufacturing, mining and the general pursuits of life. Let the idea be fully realized that thousands of dollars lie buried within a few feet of the surface of the ground and some one will devise plans and means for rendering it available. We have a number of manufactories but need more to use our undeveloped re sources. The industry of the past is but an earnest of the speedy accomplishment of the present and future. It is quite important that every citizen, either as an economist or tax-payer, should call for an inventory of the mineral wealth of the county, to show the advantage we have for manufacturing. A thorough survey of the county at the present time when capital is beginning to seek invest ment would be of great value. HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1035 Farmers have paid for their lands, mechanics are building their houses and will soon have surplus means that will seek employ ment within our borders. If not invested here it will be elsewhere and some reliable data must be furnished to convince capital that there is a substantial basis for its investment here, and nothing can do this more efficiently than a thorough survey under the auspices of the county government. When we can do this, our wealth is sure, and Fulton county will rank one of the first in the State. MISCELLANEOUS BIOGRAPHIES. William Boyd, Lewistown. His father, John and his mother Ann Boyd, nee Taggert, were natives of Ireland. Wm. was born in Antrim Co., near Giant's Causeway, Ire., Aug. 1, 1830; came to America in 1842 and stopped in Wayne Co., O., where he lived till 1849; learned shoe-making and went to Columbus, O., where he re sided till the spring of 1857, when he came to Lewistown. While in Columbus he married Sarah L. Miner and they have 4 children : Carrie F., Ida P., Grace G., and Williard A. During the dark days of the Rebellion he enlisted in Co. H, 103rd 111. Inf., as 1st Lieut., and was promoted to Capt. and served 2J years. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Calvin G. Breed, deceased, was a carpenter and farmer, sec. 36, Canton tp. ; was born at Stonington, Conn., Aug. 22, 1808, son of Jesse and Hannah Breed; came to this county in 1836 ; for his first wife he married Harriet Potter Jan. 21, 1838, and for his second, Mary A. Brown April 18, 1852; had 6 children, 5 of whom are liv ing,— Henry, born Nov. 16, 1838; Frank, Jan. 26, 1840; Angeline, ¦July 22, 1843; Jesse, Dec. 30, 1845; May A., Oct. 10, 1853; aud Adda, Oct. 16, 1860. Mr. Breed died Oct. 11, 1872, owning 900 acres of land. We give his portrait in this volume. Thomas T. Bybee, deceased, whose portrait appears in this vol ume, was born in Kentucky, Sept. 20, 1798; at quite an early age married a Miss Hagan ; was quite a wild lad, and on the occasion of his marriage was short of the necessary means to get his license, etc., so he asked his father to loan him five dollars for a short time^ offer ing to return it again soon, but his father having little confidence in his son»Thomas, refused, telling him at the same time that he would never be worth a damn. By his first wife he had two sons, David and James. His wife died and he married Debbie Jennings by name, who had two sons, Elijah and James Jennings. By this mar riage was born to them two daughters, Lovina and Mary A. In the fall of 1829 moved to Fulton Co., camped the first winter on the bluff near Jacob Maus', and next spring moved out on the south end pf the land he owned, near where John Snider now lives. In 1837 or '38 he built a new house and moved therein, in which he died. On the 8th day of April, 1872, Mr. Bybee's second wife died, and on the 24th day of August, 1873, he married his third wife, Matilda S. Smith, and on the 4th of Oct. 1877, Mr. Bybee died, 1036 HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. having had a stroke of paralysis. Mr. Bybee was a man of great strength and action, small, but scrutinizing eyes, very quick of per ception, would show his friendship or hostility in the twinkling of an eye, and sometimes rashly fly into a passion and abuse his best friends, when there was nothing to justify him in so doing, but his disposition was to soon get over it and sometimes shed tears that he had suffered his passion to go so far. Mr. Bybee was very close in all his dealings, saving and economizing in every particular; had no education ; could not read and could barely write his name, but he was a man of great memory. About twenty-five years ago Mr, Bybee had but little wealth, comparatively speaking, but after his death, Mr. Wm. H. Smith, his executor, in making an inventory of his effects, real and personal, found them to be worth $281,000. Peter Yerger Custor. Teacher, manufacturer, farmer, etc., now on sec. 26, Canton township ; P. O., Canton ; was born in Pennsyl vania July 31, 1818, son of Jacob and Catharine Custer. This name is from the Holland Dutch Kutzer, equal to Chester in English. Forefathers were Mennonites wbo settled in Eastern Pennsylvania. His uncle, Anthony Custer, owns the old home stead, which has never been sold since it was patented to this family by Wm. Penn, but has descended by entailment. The subject of this paragraph was educated at Washington Hall Seminary, Trappe, Montgomery Co., Pa. ; Sept. 21, 1841, he married Hannah Albright, and they have bad 5 boys and 4 girls, 6 of whom are living: Emanuel, born June 21, 1842 ; Emma, Oct. 8, 1844 ; Jacob, Aug. 10, 1849; Horace, May 26, 1851; Peter, Sept. 10, 1852; Catharine, Nov. 7, 185- ; Henry, Nov. 29, 1860. Mr. Custer has owned 80 acres of land, which he sold at $100 per acre ; has been Commis-. sioner of Highways. His portrait appears in this History. Thomas P. Duncan was born in 1824 in Pa., son of George and and Elizabeth (Primrose) Duncan, natives of Scotland, both deceased. They came first to Wayne Co., 111., and then in 1836 to Fulton Co. Here, in Isabel tp., Thomas P. has toiled for many a year as a farmer and miller, and has now a comfortable home on 260 acres of land. He has ever been an eminent business man. Of the enor mous growth of timber on this farm since 1846 we have already written. This gentleman is the founder of Duncan City, and his brother John was the first Postmaster of " Duncan Mills " at this point. Thomas P. Duncan married Laura Freeman, a native of New York, and they have had 7 children. James Main, blacksmith, was born at Red Mills, N. Y., in 1838, son of Robert and Margaret Main, natives of New York. He came to Illinois in 1855 and finally located at Duncan City. He can make as good a wagon as any one in the State. He has traveled a great deal in former years, and one time he was in a storm on lake Erie for 6 days. John McDermott, employee on C, B. & Q. R. R., Yates City, was born Nov. 25, 1850, in the State of New York, son of Reinhard HISTORY OF FULTON COUNTY. 1037 McDermott, a mason who came from Ireland, and married Mary Ann Hagan in New York, also a native of Ireland. Of their 3 children John was the 2d, who was first a farmer, then came to Pekin, and engaged in railroading. He was very young when his father died, and he early learned to manage for himself. Edward Sayre, Lewistown, was born in Elizabeth, N. J., July 26, 1813, the son of Nathan and Abagail (Southwell) Sayre, natives of New Jersey. Mr. S. lived there until April 27. 1840, when \he came to Fulton Co. and located near Ellisville. He came west in company with Judge H. M. Wead, a companion in N. J. Years passed and th%se two young men grew to prominence, and when Mr. Wead was elected Judge, Mr. S. ran on the same ticket for Circuit Clerk. Judge Wead left Lewistown in 1854, went to Peoria and died. Mr. S. went to Otto where he engaged in milling, merchandising and farming for 9 years. In 1852 he was elected Circuit Clerk and moved to Lewistown where he has since resided. He was re-elected to that office in 1856, and is to-day one of the best posted men on judicial, official and general historical happen ings of any man in the county. He was elected to the Legislature in 1849, and was in the important sessions that framed the new laws of the Constitution of '48. He married Jan. 27, 1864, Mary M. Lilly, of Lexington, Ky. They have 3 children. Elder Henry Smither, Table Grove, Minister of the Christian Church, was born April 4, 1836, in Owen Co., Ky. ; came to Schuyler Co., 111., in 1851, and to Fulton Co. in 1858; was edu cated at Berean College, Jacksonville, 111., and at Normal, 111. ; studied law under Judge P. H. Walker at Rushville, and admitted to the Bar in 1867; was Supt. of Schools of Schuyler Co., 1862-4; married Jude Patterson, at Rushville, Jan. 26, 1870, and has had one boy and one girl, only the former living, who was born Aug. 30, 1877. His parents were Wm. H. and Emily (Alsop) Smither, natives of Kentucky. For years he was Pastor of the Christian Churches at Vermont and Table Grove. John A. Webster, Vermont, was born in Virginia, May 4, 1814, son of Henry and Sarah Webster; graduated in a log school- house surrounded with beech trees ; his occupation from the time he was twenty-one years of age (in 1835) was that of teaching school until he left Ky. in Oct., 1855, and came to Vermont, 111., where he has resided ever since ; has also taught several terms in Illinois ; has filled the office of J. P. in Ky. ; the offices of Collec tor and Assessor in Vermont tp. ; is now Town Clerk and Police Magistrate. He was married Aug. 17, 1837, to Miss Angeline Hanen, in Ky., she died shortly after he emigrated to 111. Sept. 13, 1859, he was married again, to Miss Harriet Plummer of Ky.; she died April 26, 1863; March 1, 1868, he was again married, to Mrs. Eliza J. Lindsey, of Vermont, 111. He united^.with the Chris tian Church in Vermont May 8, 1862; has filled in the Church the offices of Deacon and Elder, the latter of which offices he now fills. FULTON COUNTY NARROW-GAUGE RAILWAY.* This is purely a Fulton county enterprise, indeed, we might justly say that it is a Lewistown enterprise. It was inaugurated and pushed forward mostly by Lewistown men and money. It has long been known that Havana has made strenuous efforts to secure the grain trade of Fulton county, and that she has succeeded most admirably cannot be denied. To divert this trade from that city and bring it to Lewistown where it properly belongs is, the object of building this road. For several years the building of a railroad extending from the river to North Fulton has been contemplated, and seven or eight years ago a road known as the Springfield & Northwestern R. R. was projected. This road was completed as far as Havana, but no farther. That enterprise being abandoned, three or four years ago the narrow-gauge project was originated. Considerable talking was done, but no definite action taken in regard to the matter until October, 1878, when the Fulton County Narrow-Gauge Railway Company was organized. The amount of $100,000 was immedi ately subscribed, and the road was soon surveyed and grading being done. Mr. J. C. Willcoxen is the principal contractor. The N. G. road runs from Havana through Lewistown, Cuba to Fairview, opening up to Lewistown one of the wealthiest agricul tural districts of the county. The main ideas in favor of building a narrow-gauge road was that it could be built for much less money, the running expenses would be nominal, and it would do all the work required as well, and with the rapidity, ease and com fort of a standard-gauge. The road will cost less than $3,000 per mile. It would have been in operation ere this if the Company had not have been disappointed in securing iron. Edwin Harris of Lewistown was chosen the first President. Henry Phelps is the present incumbent of that position. I. M. Hummel is Vice-President ; Wm. J. Dyckes, Secretary ; Moses Turner, Treasurer; and Henry Phelps, Judge S. P. Shope, John A. Gray, J. C. Willcoxen, I. M. Hummel, Edwin Harris, W. G. ' Swartz, D. A. Burgett, Oliver Rice, and I. C. Worley, Directors. * This sketch should have been inserted in the chapter on Railroads, but was unfortunately overlooked until after that chapter had passed through the press. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. LAWS. The courts recognize two kinds of law, Statute and Common. Statute law is that which is enacted by the Legislature. Common law consists of all the law of England, — whether Statute, or Com mon, which was in force in that country at the time of our inde pendence, and recognized by our courts, and which has not since been repealed or disused. We have what is called established law. For this branch of common law there is no authority excepting the decisions of the courts; lience the value of the reported decisions which are pub lished by official reporters. The law presumes that every body is acquainted with it. Mistakes of fact can be corrected by the courts, but not mistakes of law; no man being permitted to take advantage of a mistake of the law, either to enforce a right, or avoid an obli gation; for it would be dangerous and unwise to encourage igno rance of the law, by permitting a party to profit, or to escape, by his ignorance. One is required at bis peril to know the law of his own country. JURISDICTION OF COURTS. Justices have jurisdiction in all civil cases on contracts for the recovery of moneys for damages, for injury to real property, or tak ing, detaining, or injuring personal property; for rent; for all cases to recover damages done to real or personal property, bj railroad companies; in actions of replevin; of actions for damages for fraud; in the sale, purchase, or exchange of personal property, when the amount claimed as due is not over $200. They have also jurisdic tion in all cases for violation of the ordinances of cities, towns, or villages. A justice of the peace may orally order an officer or a private person, to arrest any one committing, or attempting to com mit a criminal offense. He also, upon complaint, can issue his warrant for the arrest of any person accused of having committed a crime, aud have him brought before him for examination. 1040 DIGEST OF 6TATE LAWS. COUNTY COURTS Have jurisdiction in all matters of probate (except in counties having a population of one hundred thousand or over), settlement of estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and con servators, and settlements of their accounts; all matters relating to apprentices; proceedings for the collection of taxes and assesments, and in proceedings of executors, administrators, guardians, and conservators, for the sale of real estate. In law cases, they have concurrent jurisdiction with Circuit Courts in all cases where jus tices of the paace now have, or hereafter may have, jurisdiction when the amount claimed shall not exceed $1,000; and in all crim inal offenses, where the punishment is not imprisonment in the pen itentiary or death, and in all cases of appeals from justices of peace and police magistrates, except when the county judge is sitting as a justice of the peace. Circuit Courts have unlimited jurisdiction. COMMISSIONERS OF HIGHWAYS. The commissioners of highways in the different towns, have the care and superintendence of highways, and bridges therein. They have the power to lay out, vacate, regulate and repair all roads, build and repair bridges, and divide their respective towns into as many road districts as they shall think convenient. This is to be done annually, and ten days before the annual town meeting. In addition to the above, it is their duty to erect and keep in repairs at the forks or crossing-place of the most important foads, post, and guide-boards, with plain inscriptions, giving directions and dis tances to the most noted places to wliich such roads may lead; also to make provisions to prevent thistles, burdock, cockle-burs, mus tard, yellow dock, Indian mallow, and jimson weed from seeding, and to extirpate the same as far as practicable, and to prevent all rank growth of vegetation on the public highways, so far as the same may obstruct public travel; and it is in their discretion to erect watering places for public use, for watering teams at such . points as may be deemed advisable. Every able-bodied male inhab itant, being above the age of twenty-one years, and under fifty, ex cepting paupers, idiots, lunatics, trustees of schools and school di rectors, and such others as are exempt by law, are required to labor on highways in their respective road districts, not less than one, DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1041 nor more than three days in each year. Three days' notice must be given by the overseer, of the time and place he requires such road labor to be done. The labor must be performed in the road district in wliich the person resides. Any person may commute for such labor by paying the equivalent in money. Any person liable for work on highways, who has been assessed two days or more, and has not commuted, may be required to furnish team, or a cart, wagon or plow, with a pair of horses or oxen and a man to manage them, for which he will be entitled to two days' work. Eight hours is a days' work on the roads and there is a penalty of twenty-five cents an hour against any person or substitute who - shall neglect or refuse to perform. Any person remaining idle, or does not work faithfully, or hinders others from doing so, forfeits to the town $2, Every person assessed and duly notified, who has not commuted, and refuses or neglects to appear, shall forfeit to the town for every day's refusal or neglect, the sum of $2; if he was required to furnish a team, carriage, man or implements, and neg lects or refuses to comply, he is liable to the following fines: 1st, For wholly failing to 'comply, $4 each day; 2d, For omitting to furnish a man to manage team, $2 each day; 3d, For omitting to furnish a pair of horses or oxen, $1.50 each day; 4th, For omitting to furnish a wagon, cart or plow, 75 cents each day. The commis sioners estimate and assess the highway labor and road tax. The road tax on real and personal property can not exceed forty cents on each hundred dollars' worth. The labor or road tax in villages, towns or cities, is paid over to the corporate authorities of such for the improvement of streets, roads and bridges within their lim its. The legal voters of townships, in counties under township organ ization may, by a majority vote, at their annual town meeting, order that the road tax may be collected in money only. Overseers. — Their duties are to repair and keep in order the high ways in their districts; to warn persons to work out their road tax at such time and place as they think proper; to collect fines and commutation money, and execute all lawful orders of the commis sioners of highways; also make list, within sixteen days after their election, of the names of all inhabitants in his road district, liable to work on highways. For refusal to perform any of his duties he is liable to a fine of $10. 1042 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. As all township and county officers are familiar with their duties, it is here intended only to give the points of law with which the public should be familiar. The manner of laying out, altering, or vacating roads, etc., will not be here stated, as it would require more space than can be spared in a work like this. It is sufficient to state that the first step is by petition, addressed to the commis sioner's, setting out what is prayed for, giving the names of the owners of the lands, if known (if not known, so state), over which the road is to pass, giving the general course, its place of beginning, and where it terminates. It requires not less than twelve freehold ers residing within three miles of the road, who shall sign the peti tion. Public roads must not be less than fifty, nor more than sixty feet wide. Roads not exceeding two miles in length, if petitioned for, may be laid out not less than forty feet wide. Private roads for private and public use may be laid out three rods wide, on peti tion of the person directly interested; the damage occasioned there by shall bepaid by the premises benefited thereby, and before the road is opened. If not opened in two years, the order shall be con sidered recinded. Commissioners in tlieir discretion may permit persons who live on or have private roads, to work out their road tax thereon. Public roads must be opened in five years from date of filing order of location, or be deemed vacated. FENCES. The town assessor and commissioners of highways shall be fence viewers in tlieir respective towns in counties under township organ ization. In other counties, the county board appoints three in each precinct, annually. A lawful fence is four and one-half feet high and in good-repair, consisting of rails, timbers, boards, stones, hedges, or any other material the fence viewers may deem sufficient. The electors at any annual town meeting may determine what shall constitute a legal fence in the town. Division fences shall be made and maintained in just proportion by the adjoining owners, except where the owner shall choose to let his land lie open; but after a division fence has been built by mu tual agreement or otherwise, it shall not be lawful for either party to remove his part of said fence, so long as he may crop or use such lands for farm purposes, or without giving the other party one year's notice in writing, of his intention to move his portion of the DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1043 fence. Adjoining owners should endeavor, if possible, mutually to agree as to the proportion that each shall maintain of the division fence between their adjoining lands; and the agreement should be reduced to writing, each party taking a copy. When any person shall enclose his land upon the enclosure of another, he shall refund the owner of the adjoining lands a just proportion of the value at that time of such fence. The value of such fence, and the propor tion thereof to be paid by such person, and the proportion of the division fence to be made and maintained by him, in case of his inclosing his land, shall be determined by two fence viewers of the town. Such fence viewers have power to settle all disputes between owners as to fences built or to be built, as well as concerning repairs to be made. Each party chooses one of the viewers, but if the other party neglects, after eight days' notice in writing, to make his choice, then the otlier party may select both. It is sufficient to notify the tenant, or party in possession, when the owner is not a resident of the town in wliich such fences are situated. The two fence viewers chosen, after viewing the premises, shall hear the statements of the parties. In case they can't agree, they shall se lect another fence viewer to act with them, and the decision of any two of them shall be final. The decision must be reduced to writ ing, and should plainly set out a description of the fence and all matters settled by them, and must be filed in the office of the town clerk. If any person who is liable to contribute, to the erection or repa ration of a division fence, shall neglect or refuse to make or repair his proportion of such fence, the party injured,after giving sixty days' notice, in writing, that a new fence should be erected, or ten days' notice, in writing, that the repair of such fence is necessary, may make or repair the same at the expense of the party so neglecting orrefusing, to be recovered from him with costs of suit; and the party so neglecting or refusing, after notice in writing, shall be lia ble to the party injured for all damages wliich shall thereby accrue, to be determined by any two fence viewers. When a person shall conclude to remove his part of the division fence and let his land lie open, and having given the year's notice required, the adjoining owner may cause the value of said fence to be ascertained by fence viewers as before provided ; and on payment or tender of the amount of such valuation to the owner, it shall prevent the removal. 1044 DIGKST OF STATE LAWS. A party removing a division fence without notice is liable for the damages accruing thereby. Where a fence has been built on the land of another through mistake, the owner may enter upon such premises and remove his fence and material within six months after the division line has been ascertained. Where the material to build such a fence has been taken from the land on which it was built, then before it can be removed, the person claiming must first pay for such material, to the owner of the land from which it was taken ; nor shall such a fence be removed at a time when the removal will throw open or expose the crops of the other party; a reasonable time must be given beyond the six months to remove crops. The compensation of fence viewers is one dollar and fifty cents a day each, to be paid in the first instance by the party calling them; but in the end all expenses, including amount charged by the fence viewers, must be paid equally by the parties, except in cases where a party neglects or refuses to make or maintain a just proportion of a division fence, when the party in default shall pay them. DRAINAGE. Whenever one or more owners or occupants of land desire to con struct a drain or ditch, through another man's land, the right can be had only under legislative authority, or is granted or exists by prescription or by consent of the owner. Dripping water from. one house upon another can be allowed only where the owner has acquired the right by grant or prescription; and no one has a right to construct his house so as to let the water drip over his neighbor's land. TRESPASS OF STOCK? Where stock of any kind breaks into any person's inclosure, the fence being good and sufficient, the owner is liable for the damage done; but where the damage is done by stock running at large, con trary to law, the owner is liable where there is not such a fence. Where stock is found trespassing on the inclosure of another as aforesaid, the owner or occupier of the premises may take posses sion of such stock and keep the same until damages, with reasonable charges for keeping and feeding, and all costs of suit, are paid. Any person taking or rescuing such stock so held, without his con sent, shall be liable to a fine of not less than three nor more than DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1045 five dollars for each animal rescued, to be recovered by suit before a justice of the peace, for the use of the school fund. Within twen ty-four hours after taking such animal into his possession, the per son taking it up must give notice of the fact to the owner, if known ; or if unknown, notice must be posted in some public place near the premises. ESTRAYS. Stray animals are those whose owner is unknown, any beasts, not wild, found on one's premises, and not owned by the occupant. Any animals found straying at any time during the year, in counties where such animals are not allowed to run at large, or between the last day of October and the 15th day of April in other counties, the owner being unknown, may be taken up as estrays. A party who wishes to detain property as an estray, must show an exact compli ance with the law. In order to vest the property of the stray in him, such acts must appear in detail on the record. No person not a householder in the county where the estray is found can lawfully take up an estray, and then only upon or about his farm or place of residence. Estrays should not be used before advertised, except animals giving milk, which may be milked for tlieir benefit. Notices must be posted up within five days in three, of the most public places in the town or precinct in which the es tray was found, giving the residence c- tho taker-up, and a partic ular description of the estray, its age, color, and marks natural and artificial, and stating before what justice of the peace in such town or precinct, and at what time, not less than ten nor more than fif teen days from the time of posting such notices, he will apply to have the estray apprised. If the owner of an estray shall not have appeared and proved ownership and taken the same away, first paying the taker-up his reasonable charges for taking up, keeping, and advertising the same, the taker-up shall appear before the justice mentioned in above notice, and make an affidavit as required by law. All subsequent proceedings are before the justice who is fa miliar therewith; therefore we omit them here. Any person taking up an estray at any other place than about or upon his farm or residence, or without complying with the law, shall forfeit and pay a fine of ten dollars with costs. Ordinary diligence is required in" taking care of estrays, but in case they die or get away, the taker-up is not liable for the same. 1046 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. If a man finds estrays in his field he is not bound to retain them for the owner, but may drive them off into the highway without being liable to an action. But a person who chases a horse out of his field with a large fierce dog, commits an unlawful act, and is liable for any injury wliich the act occasions. A person who takes an estray to keep for the owner, but does not pursue the course pre scribed by statute, is not liable to an action unless he uses the same or refuses to deliver it on demand. Riding a horse to discover the owner is not "use." HORSES Are animals of a domestic nature. Under the age of four years they are called colts. A borrower of a horse is liable for negligence, misuse, or gross want of skill in use. The lender is liable in case the animal lent is unfit or dangerous, as he thus may occasion injury. The animal should be used only for the purpose and to the extent stipulated, and not by a servant. If he dies from disease, or is killed by inevitable accident, the bor rower is not liable. Defects which are manifest, open and plain to an ordinary observer, and those also which are known to the buyer, are not usually covered by a general warranty. The former requires. no skill to discover them, and the latter may be objected to or acquiesced in at the time of the purchase. In the case of latent defects existing in such a condition that they could not be detected by the buyer, and are known to the seller, who fails to disclose them to the buyer, the latter practices a constructive fraud, unless the animal is sold " with all faults." By consenting to purchase the horse " with all faults," the purchaser takes upon himself the risk of latent or secret defects, and calculates the price accordingly. But even this kind of a purchase would be voidable if the seller had purposely, and to deceive the purchaser, covered, filled up, patched, plastered, or otherwise practiced fraud to conceal any defects, and he would be liable. Hiring out a liorse and carriage to perform a particular journey, carries with it the warranty of the person letting the horse and carriage, that each of them is fit and competent for such journey; but, if a liorse is hired for one purpose, and is used for another and is injured, the hirer is liable for the damage sustained. The hirer is in all cases answerable for ordinary neglect. If he uses the hired horse as a prudent man would his own, he is not liable for DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1047 any damage which the horse may receive. If, however, he keeps the hired horse after a stipulated time, or uses it differently from his agreement, he is in any event liable. If the hirer sells the liorse, the owner may recover its value of the purchaser, though the pur chaser had in good faith given the hirer full value for it, as the hirer could give no better title than he had himself. Mischievous animals render their owners liable when known to them to be so, and they are responsible for the damage they may do when they permit them to go at large. Any person may justify the killing of ferocious animals. MARES AND BRANDS. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, 6heep or goats, may have one ear mark and one brand, which shall be different from his neighbors', and may be recorded by the county clerk of the county in which such property is kept. The fee for such record is fifteen cents. The record of such shall be open to examination free of charge. In cases of disputes as to marks or brands, such record is primafacie evidence. Owners of cattle, horses, hogs, sheep or goats, that may have been branded by former owners, may be rebranded in presence bf one or more of his neighbors, who shall certify to the facts of the marking or branding being done, when done, and in what brand or mark they were re-branded or re-marked, wliich certificate may also be recorded as before stated. ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. An agreement is virtually a contract by which a certain person (or persons) agrees or contracts to perform certain duties within a specified time. Good business men always reduce an agreement to writing, which nearly always saves misunderstandings and long and expensive lawsuits. No particular form is necessary, but the facts must be clearly and explicitly stated; and there must be a reasonable consideration, else the agreement is void. Unless it is expressly stipulated that the agreement is binding for a longer time, the contract expires at the end of one year. Every agreement should state most distinctly the time within which its conditions are to be complied with. A discovery of fraud, or mis representation by one party to the agreement, or changing of the date, renders the contract void. Each party should retain a copy of the agreement. 1048 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. GENERAL FORM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement, made the third day of November, 1878, between Damon Clarke of Macomb, county of McDonough, State of Illinois, of the first part, and William Hays, of the same place, of the second part. Witnesseth, That the said Damon Clarke, in consideration of the agreement of the party of the second part, hereinafter contained, contracts, and agrees to, and with the said William Hays, that he will deliver in good and marketable condition, at the city of Gales burg, 111., during the month of December of this year, nine hun dred bushels of corn, in the following lots, and at the following specified times, namely: one hundred bushels by the fifth of Decem ber, three hundred bushels by the fifteenth of December, and the balance by the thirtieth of December. And the said William Hays in consideration of the prompt ful fillment of this contract on the part of the party of the second part, contracts to, and agrees with the said Damon Clarke, to pay for said corn fifty cents per bushel as soon as delivered. In case of failure of agreement by either of the parties hereto, it is hereby stipulated and agreed that the party so failing shall pay to the other, one hundred dollars, as fixed and settled damages. In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands the day and year first above written: Damon Clarke, William Hats. NOTES. A note is legal, worded in the simplest way, so that the amount and time of payment are mentioned. The following is a good form: $100 Chicago, III., May 1, 1879. Thirty days after date I promise to pay F. M. Chapman , or order, one hundred dollars, for value received. S. T. Lewis. To make a note payable in anything else than money, insert the facts instead of the Bum of money alone; unless paid when dr. 3, it is payable in money. To hold an indorser of a note, due di'.'jence must be used by suit in collecting of the maker, unless suiL would have been unavailing. Notes payable to person named o: to order, in order to absolutely transfer title, must be indorsed by the payer. Notes payable to bearer may be transferred by delivery, and when so payable, every indorser thereon is held as a guarantor of pay ment unless otherwise expressed. The limit of time in which action may be brought on a note is 10 yeara DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1049 If the note is payable to a person or order, or to a person or bearer, to a person or his assigns, or to a cashier of an incorporated company, such notes are negotiable. When transferring a note, the indorser frees himself from respon sibility, so far as the payment is concerned, by writing on the back, above his signature, without recourse to. me in any event. A note is void when founded upon fraud. Thus a note obtained from a person when intoxicated, or obtained for any reason which is illegal, cannot be collected. A note given on Sunday is also void. No defense can be made against negotiable paper purchased before maturity for good consideration in the usual course of busi ness, without knowledge of facts impeaching its validity, except fraud was used in obtaining the same. Thus if A gives his note to B for $150, receives in consideration a shawl and five pieces of cloth. The former was represented to be worth $75, and the cloth the best imported English goods. When, in fact, the shawl was only worth $8, and suits made of the cloth wore out in less than six we'eks, long before the note was due. B, however, had sold the note to C, who did not know the circumstances, and before it was due — A would be obliged to pay it. JUDGMENT NOTE. For value received I promise to pay Ewing Summers, of Gales burg, or order, two hundred dollars, with interest, on the first day of January next. And, further, I do hereby empower any attorney of any court of record in Illinois, or elsewhere, to appear for me, and after a declaration filed therefor, to confess a judgment against me in the above sum, as of last, next, or any subsequent term, with cost of suit, release of error, etc., with stay of execution until said first day of January. Witness my band and seal at Galesburg, 111., this sixth day of March, in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine. [seal] John Jones. INTEREST. Interest is the compensation wliich is paid by the borrower of money to the lender for its use. When the debtor expressly under takes to pay interest, he is bound to pay it; but if a party has accepted the principal, he cannot recover interest in a separate action. During the course of dealings between parties, a promise to pay is implied, and the debtor is bound to pay. So also on an 1050 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. account -stated, whenever the debtor knows precisely what he is to pay, and when he is to pay it, after a demand of payment; but interest is not due on a running account, even when the items are all on one side, unless otherwise agreed upon. Where the terms of a promissory note are that it shall be paid by installments, and on the failure of any installment the whole is to become due, interest on the whole becomes payable from the first default. Where, by the term of a bond or promissory note, interest is to be paid annu ally, and the principal at a distant day, the interest may be recov ered before the principal is due. Interest is collectible in the following cases: For goods sold and delivered after the stipulated term of credit has expired ; if there be no credit, then from the time of sale; on judgment debts, from the rendition of judgment; on money obtained by fraud, or where ii "has been wrongfully detained (for whoever receives money not his own, and detains it from the owner unlawfully, must pay interest therefor: hence a public officer retaining money wrongfully is lia ble for the interest); on money paid by mistake, or recovered on a void execution; on money ient or laid out for another's use; and rent, from the time that it is due. When the rate of interest is specified in any contract, that rate continues until full payment is made. A debt barred by the statute of limitations and revived by an acknowledgment bears interest for the whole time. Computing Interest. — In casting interest on notes, bonds, etc., upon which partial payments have been made, every payment is to be first applied to discharge the interest; but the interest is never allowed to form a part of the principal, so as to carry interest. When a partial payment is made before the debt is due, it cannot be apportioned part to the debt and part to the interest,' but at the end interest shall be charged on the whole sum, and the obligor shall receive credit for the interest on the amount paid until the interest becomes due. The legal rate of interest is six per cent. Parties may agree in writing on a rate not exceeding eight per cent. If a rate of interest greater than eight per cent, is contracted for, the penalty is a for feiture of the entire interest, and only the principal can be recovered. In computing interest or discount on negotiable instruments, a DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1051 month shall be considered a calendar month or twelfth of a year, and for less than a month, a day shall be figured a thirtieth part of a month. Notes bear interest only when so expressed; but after due they draw the legal interest, six per cent., even if not stated. Notes payable on demand or at sight draw no interest until after presentation or demand of the same has been made, unless they provide for interest from date on their face. If "with interest" is included in the note, it draws the legal rate from the time it is made. If the note is to draw a special rate of interest, higher than the legal, but not higher than the law allows, the rate must be specified. WILLS. The legal declaration of a person's mind, determining the man ner in which he would have his property or estate disposed of after his death, is termed a will. No exact form of words is necessary in order to make a will good at law, though irfnch care should be exercised to state the provisions of the will so plainly that its lan guage may not be misunderstood. Every male person of the age of twenty-one years, and every female of the age of eighteen years, of sound mind, can make a valid will. It must be in writing, signed by the testator, or by some one in his or her presence, and by his or her direction, and attested by two or more credible witnesses. Care should be taken that the witnesses are not interested in the will. The person making the will may appoint his or her executors ; but no person can serve as 6uch executor if he or she be an alien at the time of proving the will, if he be under twenty-one years ot age, a convict, a drunkard, a lunatic, or an imbecile. Persons knowing themselves to have been appointed executors, must, within thirty days after the death of deceased, cause the will to be proved and recorded in the proper cdunty, or present it and refuse to accept. In case of failure to do so, they are liable to for feit "the sum of twenty dollars per month. Inventory to be made by executor or administrator within three months from date of let ters testamentary or administration. The person making a will is termed the "testator" (if a female, the "testatrix"). A will is of no force and effect until . the death of the testator, 1052 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. and can be cancelled or modified at any date by the maker. The last will made annuls the force of all preceding wills. A will made by an unmarried woman is legally revoked by mar riage; but she can take such legal steps in the settlement of her property before marriage as will empower her to dispose of the same as she may choose after marriage. No husband can make a will that will deprive the wife of her right of dower in the prop erty; but the husband can will the wife a certain amount in lieu of her dower, stating it to be in lieu thereof. Such bequest, however, will not exclude her from her dower, provided she prefers it to the bequest made in the will. Unless the husband states distinctly that the bequest is in lieu of dower, she is entitled to both. In case a married woman possesses property and dies without a will, her husband is entitled to administer upon such property in preference to any one else, provided he be of sound mind. Notice requiring all claims to be presented against the estate shall be given by the administrator within six months after being qualified. Any person having a claim and not presenting it at the time fixed by said notice, is required to have summons issued noti fying the executor of having filed his claim in court. Claims should be filed within two years from the time administration is granted on an estate, as after that time they are forever barred, unless other estate be found that was not inventoried. Married women, infants, persons insane, imprisoned, or witliout the United States, in the employment of the United States, or of this State, have two years after their disabilities are removed to file claims. Claims are classified aDd paid out of the .estate in the fol lowing manner: 1st. Funeral expenses. 2d. The widow's award, if there is a widow; or children, if there are children and no widow. 3d. Expenses attending the last illness, not including the physi cian's bill. 4th. Debts due the common school or township fund. 5th. All expenses of proving the will and taking out letters testamentary or of administration, and settlement of the estate, and the physician's bill in the last illness of the deceased. 6th. Where the deceased has received money in trust for any purpose, his executor or administrator shall pay out of his estate the amount received and not accounted for. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1Q53 7th. All other debts and demands of whatsoever kind, without regard to quality or dignity, which shall be exhibited to the court within two years from the granting of letters. Award to the widow and children, exclusive of debts and legacies or bequests, except funeral expenses:. 1st. The family pictures and wearing apparel, jewels and orna ments of herself and minor children. 2d. School books and the family library to the value of $100. 3d. One sewing-machine. 4th. Necessary beds, bedsteads and bedding for herself and family. 5th. The stoves and pipe used in the family, with the necessary cooking utensils; or, in case they have none, $50 in money. 6th. Household and kitchen furniture to the value of $100. 7th. One milch cow and calf for every four members of her family. 8th. Two sheep for each member of her family, and the fleeces taken from the same, and one horse, saddle and bridle. 9th. Provisions for herself and family for one year. 10th. Food for the stock above specified for six months. 11th. Fuel for herself and family for three months. 12th. One hundred dollars' worth of otlier property suited to her condition in life, to be selected by the widow. The widow, if she elects, may have in lieu of the said award, the same personal property or money in-place thereof as is or may be exempt from execution or attachment against the head of a family. GENERAL FORM OF WILL FOE KEAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY. I, Samuel T. Lewis, of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, State of Illinois, being aware of the uncertainty of life, and in failing health, but of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this to be my last wiil and testament, in manner following, to-wit: First. I give, devise and bequeath to my oldest son, Franklin M. Lewis, the sum of Four Thousand dollars of bank stock, now in the First National Bank, Chicago, Illinois, and the farm owned by myself, in Ontario township, Knox county, Illinois, consisting of one hundred and sixty acres, with all the houses, tenements, and improvements thereunto belonging; to have and to hold unto my said son, his heirs and assigns, forever. Second. I give, devise and bequeath to each of my daughters, Lida Louan Lewis, and Fannie Antionette Lewis, each two thousand 1054 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. dollars in bank stock, in the First National Bank of Chicago, Illinois, and also each one quarter section of land, owned by myself, situ ated in the town of Delavan, Tazewell county, Illinois, and recorded in my name in the .Recorder's office of said county. The north one hundred and sixty acres of said half section is devised to my elder daughter Lida Louan. Third. I give, devise and bequeath to my son, Fred Davis Lewis, five shares of railroad stock, in the C, B. & Q. Railroad, and my own one hundred and sixty acres of land and saw-mill thereon, situated in Astoria, Illinois, with all the improvements and appurtenances thereunto belonging, wliich said real estate is re corded in my name, in the county where situated. Fourth. I give to my wife, Tryphena Lewis, all my household furniture, goods, chattels, and personal property, about my house, not hitherto disposed of, including ten thousand dollars in bank stock, in the First National Bank of Chicago, Illinois, fifteen shares in the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad, and the free and unrestricted use, possession and benefits of the home farm, so long as she may live, in lieu, of dower, to which she is entitled by law; said farm being my present place of residence. Fifth. I bequeath to my invalid father, Samuel T. Lewis, Sr., the income from the rents of my store building, at Canton, Illinois, during the term of his natural life. Said building and land there with revert to my said sons and daughters in equal proportions, upon the demise of my said father. Sixth. It is also my will and desire, that at the death of my wife, Tryphena Lewis, or at any time she may arrange to relinquish her life interest in the above mentioned homestead, the same may revert to my above named children, or to the lawful heirs of each. And, Lastly. I appoint as executors of this, my last will and testament, my wife Tryphena Lewis, and my eldest son, Franklin M. Lewis. I further direct that my debts and necessary funeral expenses shall be paid from moneys now on deposit in the First National Bank, Pekin, Illinois, the residue of such moneys to revert to my wife, Tryphena Lewis, for her use forever. In witness thereof, I, Samuel T. Lewis, to this, my last will and testament, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this third day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy. [L. S.] Samuel T. Lewis. Signed, sealed and delivered by Samuel T. Lewis, as and for his last will and testament, in the presence of us, who, at his request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have sub scribed our names hereunto as witnesses thereof. Fred D. Selleck, Chicago, Illinois. Erastus Child, Oneida, Illinois. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. " 1055 CODICIL. Whereas, I, Samuel T. Lewis, did, on the third day of March, one thousand eight hundred and seventy, make my last will and testament, I do now, by. this writing, add this codicil to my said will, to be taken as a part thereof. Whereas, by the dispensation of Providence, my daughter Lida Lonan, has deceased, November fifth, eighteen hundred and seventy- four, and, whereas, a son has been born to me, which son is now christened Charles Burchard Lewis, I give and bequeath unto him my gold watch, and all right, interest and title in lands and bank stock and chattels bequeathed to my deceased daughter Lida Louan, in the body of this will In witness thereof, I hereunto set my hand and seal, this fifth day of March, eighteen hundred and seventy-nine. [L- S.] Samuel T. Lewis. Signed, sealed, published and declared to us by the testator, Samuel T. Lewis, as and for a codicil, to be annexed to his last will and testament. And we, at bis request, and in his presence, and in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto, at the date hereof. Erastus Child, Oneida, 111. E. C. Johnson, Chicago, 111. DESCENT. When no will is made!, the property of a deceased person is dis tributed as follows: First. To his or her children and their descendants, in equal parts; the descendants of the deceased cliild or grand child taking the share of their deceased parents, in equal parts among them. Second. Where there is no child, no descendant of such child, and no widow or surviving husband, then to the parents, brothers and sisters of the deceased, and their descendants, in equal parts, the surviving parent, if either be dead, taking a double portion; and if there is no parent living, then to the brothers and sisters of the intestate and their descendants. Third. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and no cliild or children, or descendants of the same, then one-half of the real estate and the whole of the personal estate shall descend to such widow or surviving husband, absolutely, and the other half of the real estate shall descend as in other cases where there is no child or children, or descendants of the same. Fourth. When there is a widow or surviving husband, and also 1056 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. a child or children, or descendants of the latter, then one-third of all personal estate to the widow or surviving husband, absolutely. Fifth. If tliere be no child, parent, brother or sister, or descendants of either of them, and no widow or surviving husband, then in equal parts to the next of kin to the intestate in equal degree. Collaterals shall not be represented except with the descendants of brother and sister of the intestate, and there shall be no distinction between kindred of the whole and the half-blood. Sixth. If any intestate leaves a widow or surviving husband and no kindred, then to such widow or surviving husband; and if there is no such widow or surviving husband, it shall escheat to and invest in the county where the same or the greater portion thereof is situated. DEEDS. A deed is a sealed instrument in writing, conveying lands and appurtenances thereon from one person to another, and special care should be taken to have them signed, sealed, delivered and properly acknowledged, with the proper seal attached. Witnesses are not necessary. The law in this State provides that an acknowledg ment must be made before certain persons authorized to take the same. These officers are: Master in Chancery, Notary Public Circuit or County Clerk, Justice of the Peace. United States Com missioner, or any Court of Record having a seal, or any Jndge Justice or Clerk of any such court. The instrument shall be attested bv the official seal of the officer taking: the acknowledg- « DO ment, and when taken by a Justice of tho Peace residing out of the county where the real estate to be conveyed lies, there shall be added a certificate of the County Clerk under his seal of office, that he was a Justice of the Peace in the county at the time of taking the same. A deed is good without such certificate attached, but cannot be used in evidence unless such a certificate is produced or otlier competent evidence introduced. Acknowledgments made out of the State must either be executed according to the laws of this State, or there should be attached a certificate that is in conform ity with the laws of the State or country where executed. Where this is not done the same may be proved by any other legal way. Acknowledgments where the Homestead rights are to be waived must state as follows: " Including the release and waiver of the right of homestead." DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1057 To render a deed valid, there must be a sufficient consideration. To enable a person to legally convey property to another, the fol lowing requisites are necessary: 1st, he or she must be of age; 2d, must be of sane mind; and, 3d, he or she must be the rightful owner of the property Any alterations or interlineations in the deed should be noted at the bottom of the instrument, and properly witnessed. After the acknowledgment of a deed, the parties have no right to make the slightest alterations. An alteration after the acknowledgment in favor of the grantee vitiates the deed. The maker of a deed is called the "grantor;" the person or party to whom the deed is delivered, the " grantee." The wife of the grantor must ackowl- edge the deed, or else, after the death of her husband, she will be entitled to one-third interest in the property, as dower, during her life. Her acknowledgment of the deed must be of her own free will and accord. By a general warranty deed the grantor engages to secure the grantee in any right or possession to the property conveyed against all persons whatsoever. A quit-claim deed releases what interest the grantor may have in the land, but does not warrant and defend against others. We do not give form for a deed, as printed forms are used by all. Deeds should be recorded without delay. MORTGAGES AND TRUST DEEDS Are conditional conveyances of estates or property by way of pledge for the security of debt, and to become void on payment of it. Special care should be taken to have them signed, sealed delivered, and properly acknowledged, with the proper seal attached. All kinds of property, real or personal, wliich are capable of an absolute sale, may be the subject of a mortgage. Mortgages of personal property need not be under seal. In the absence of stipulation to the contrary, the mortgagee of personal property has the legal title thereto, and the right of possession, and he may have an action against any one taking them from the mort gagor. And although the mortgage contains no express stipulation that the mortgagor shall remain in possession until default of pay ment, and with a power to sell for the mortgagee's debt, the mort gagee may nevertheless sustain trover against an officer attaching the goods as the property of the mortgagor. 1058 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. A mortgage must be in writing when it is intended to convey the legal title. It must be in one single deed which contains the whole contract. Redemption must be made within one year from the sale. Where, however, the mortgagee takes the property for an absolute discharge of the debt, then the equity or right of redemption is barred. Satisfaction, or release of a mortgage, may be made on the margin of the record, or by an instrument duly acknowledged. The wife need not join in this release. TRUST DEEDS. Trust deeds are taken generally in preference to mortgages, especially by non-residents, for in case of foreclosure under the power of sale there can be no redemption. Advertisement, sale, and deed is made by the trustee. Mortgages of personal property, or chattel mortgages, can be given for a period of only two years, and cannot be renewed or extended. Acknowledgment may be had before a Justice of the Peace of the town or district in which the mortgagor resides. If the mortgagor is a non-resident, then before any officer authorized by law to take acknowledgments. Foreclosures may be effected upon default, and possession, and sale of the property taken and made; any delay will invalidate the mortgagee's lien. LIENS. Any person who shall by contract, expressed or implied, or partly both, with the owner of any lot or tract of land, furnish labor or material, or services as an architect or superintendent, in building, altering, repairing, or ornamenting any house, or otlier building or appurtenance thereto on such lot, or upon any street or alley, and connected with such improvements, shall have a lien upon the whole of such lot or tract of land, and upon such house or building and appurtenances for the amount due him for labor, material or services. If the contract is expressed, and the time for the completion of the work is beyond three years from the com mencement thereof; or, if the time of payment is beyond one year from the time stipulated for the conypletion of the work, then no lien exists. If the contract is implied, then no lien exists, unless the work be done, or material furnished, within one year from the commencement of the work or delivery of the material. As DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1059 between different creditors having liens, no preference is given to the one whose contract was made first; but each shares pro rata. Incumbrances existing upon the lot or tract of the land at the time the contract is made do not operate on the improvements, and are only .preferred to the extent of the value of the land at the time of making the contract. The above lien cannot be enforced unless suit is commenced within six months after the last payment for labor or materials shall have become due and payable. Sub-con tractors, mechanics, workmen, and other persons furnishing any material, or performing any labor for a contractor, as above speci fied, have a lien to the extent of the amount due the contractor at the time the following notice was served upon the owner of the land who made the contract: To : You are hereby notified that I have been employed by [here state whether to labor or to furnish material, and substantially the nature of the demand] upon your [here state m general terms description and situation of building], and that I shall hold the [building, or as the case may be], and your interest in the ground liable for the amount that may [is or may become] due me on account thereof. [Signature] . Dated, . • If there is a contract in writing between contractor and sub-con tractor, a copy of it should be served with the above notice, and such notice must be served within forty days from the completion of such sub-contract, if there is one; if not, then from the time pay ment should have been made to the person performing the labor or furnishing the material. If the owner is not a resident of the county, or cannot be found therein, then the above notice must be filed with the Clerk of the Circuit Court, with his fee, fifty cents, and a copy of such notice must be published in a newspaper pub lished in the county for four successive weeks. When the owner or agent is notified as above he can retain any money due the contractor sufficient to pay such claim; if more than one claim, and not enough to pay all, they are to be paid pro rata. The owner has a right to demand in writing a statement of the contractor, of what he owes for labor, etc., from time to time as the work progresses. The liens referred to cover any and all estates, whether in fee for 1060 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. life, for years, or any other interest which the owner may have. To enforce the liens of sub-contractors, suit must be commenced within three months from the time of the performance of the sub- contract, or during the work or furnishing materials. Hotel, inn and boarding-house keepers have a lien upon the baggage and otlier valuables of their guests or boarders brought into such hotel, inn, or boarding-house, by their guests or boarders for the proper charges due from such guests or boarders for their accommodation, board and lodging, and such extras as are furnished at their request. Stable-keepers and other persons have a lien upon the horses, carriages and harness kept by them for the proper charges due for the keeping thereof, and expenses bestowed thereon at the request of the owner, or the person having the possession of the same. Agisters (persons who take care of cattle belonging to others) and persons keeping, yarding, feeding, or pasturing domestic ani mals shall have a lien upon the animals agistered, kept, yarded or fed for the, proper charges due for such service. All persons who may furnish any railroad corporation in this State with fuel, ties, material, supplies, or any otlier article or thing necessary for the construction, maintenance, operation or repair of its road by contract, or may perform work or labor for the same, are entitled to be paid as part of the current expenses of the road, and have a lien upon all its property. Sub-contractors or laborers have also a lien. The conditions and limitations, both as to contractors and to sub-contractors, are about the same as herein stated, as to general liens. BILL OF SALE. A bill of sale is a written agreement to another party for a con sideration to convey his right and interest in the personal property. The purchaser must take actualpossession of the property. Juries have power to determine upon the fairness or unfairness of a bill of sale. COMMON form of bill of sale. Know All Men by this instrument, that I, B. F. Lewis, of Chi cago, Illinois, of the first part, for and in consideration of six hun dred and fifty dollars, to me paid by Columbus C. Chapman, Astoria, Illinois, of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, have sold, and by this instrument do convey unto U1UKST Ul< STATE LAWS. 1061 the said Chapman, party of the second part, his executors, admin istrators, and aligns, my undivided half of ten acres of corn on my farm in the town of Deer Creek, Illinois ; one pair of horses, twenty sheep, and five cows, belonging to me, and in my possession at the farm aforesaid; to have and to hold the same unto the party of the second part, his executors and assigns, forever. And I do, for myself and legal representatives, agree with the said party of the second part, and bis legal representatives, to warrant and defend the sale of the aforementioned property and chattels unto the said party of the second part, and his legal representatives, against all and every person whatsoever. In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my hand this tenth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and 'seventy-nine. B. F. Lewis. DAYS OF GRACE. No check, draft, bill of exchange, promissory note, order, or negotiable instrument, payable at sight or ou demand, or on pre sentment, shall be entitled to days of grace. All other bills of exchange, drafts or notes are entitled to three days of grace. All the above-mentioned paper falling due on Sunday, New Year's day, Fourth of July, Christmas, or any day appointed or recommended by the President of the United States or Governor of the State as a day of fasting or thanksgiving, shall be deemed as due on the day previous; and should two or more of these days come together, then such instrument shall be treated as due on the day previous to the first of said days. LIMITATION OF ACTION. The limit of time in which action may be brought on certain things is as follows: Open accounts, five years; notes and written contracts, ten years; judgments, twenty years; partial payments or new promise in writing, within or after said period, will revive the debt; absence from the State deducted, and when the cause of action is barred by the law of another State, it has the same effect here; assault, slander, libel, replevin, one year; personal injuries, two years; to recover land or make entry thereon, twenty years; and sealed and witnessed instruments, as action to foreclose mortgage or trust deed, within ten years. All persons in possession of land, and paying taxes for seven consecutive years, with color of title, and all persons paying taxes for seven consecutive years, with color of title, on vacant land, shall be held to be the legal owners to the extent of their paper title. 1062 DIGEST 0E STATE LAWS. RECEIPTS. Receipts should always state when received and what for; and if receipt is in full it should be so stated. We give two forms: FOR MONET ON ACCOUNT. Received, Knoxville, 111., Nov. 10, 1878, of J. C. Cover; sixty dollars on account. $60. J. H. Franklin. FOR MONET ADVANCED ON A CONTRACT. $100. Galesburg, III., June 9, 1868. Received of Fernando Ross, one hundred dollars, in advance, on contract to build for him a brick house at No. 76 Kellogg street. Samuel J. Chapman. EXEMPTIONS FROM FORCED SALES. The following personal property and home worth $1,000, — Lot of ground and buildings thereon, occupied as a residence by the debtor, being a householder and having a family, to the value of $1,000. Exemption continues af((er the death of the householder for the benefit of the widow and family, some of them occupying the homestead until the youngest shall become twenty-one years of age, and until the death of the widow. There is no exemption from sale for taxes, assessments, debt or liability incurred for the purchase or improvement of said homestead. No release or waiver of exemption is valid unless in writing and subscribed by such -householder and wife (if he has one), and acknowledged as conveyances of real estate are required to be acknowledged. The following articles of personal property owned by the debtor are exempt from execution, writ of attachment, and distress for rent: The necessary wearing apparel, Bibles, school-books and family pic tures of every person; and one hundred dollars'worth of other prop erty, to be selected by the debtor, and in addition, when the debtor is the head of a family and resides with the same, three hundred dol lars' worth of other property to be selected by the debtor, — provided that such selection and exemption shall not be made by the debtor or allowed to him or her from any money, salary or wages due him or her from any person or persons or corporations whatever. When the head of the family dies, deserts, or does not reside with the same, the family shall be entitled to and receive all the benefit and priv ilege which are by this act conferred upon the head of a family residing with the same. No personal property is exempt from exe- DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1063 cution when judgment is obtained for the wages of laborers or ser vants. Wages of a laborer who is the head of a family cannot be garnisheed except for the sum due him in excess of $25. LANDLORDS AND TENANTS. The principal obligation on the part of a landlord, which is in fact always to be implied as a necessary condition to his receiving any rent, is, that the tenant shall enjoy the quiet possession of the premises, — which means, substantially, that he shall not be turned out of possession of the whole or any material part of the premises by any one having a title paramount to that of the landlord, or that the landlord shall not himself disturb or render his occupation un comfortable by the erection of a nuisance on or near the premises, or otherwise oblige him to quit possession. But if he be ousted by a stranger, — that is, by one having no title, — or after the rent has fallen due, or if the molestation proceeds from acts of a third person, the landload is in neither case responsible for it. Another obligation which the law imposes on the landlord, in the absence of any ex press stipulation in the lease, is the payment of all taxes chargeable upon the property, or any ground rents or interest upon mortgages to which it may be subject. Every landlord is bound to protect his tenant against all paramount claims. And if a tenant is compelled, in order to protect himself in the enjoyment of the land in respect of which his rent is payable, to make payment which ought, as be tween himself and his landlord, to have been made by the latter, he may call upon the landlord to reimburse him, or he may deduct sueh payment from the rent due or to become due. But the land lord is under no obligation to make repairs, or to rebuild in case the premises should be burned; nor does he guaranty that they are reasonably fit for the purpose for which they are taken. And it is not in the power of a tenant to make repairs at the expense of his landlord, unless there be a special agreement between them author izing him to do so; for the tenant takes the premises for better or worse, and cannot involve the landlord in expense for repairs without his consent. Even if the premises have become uninhabitable by fire, and the landlord, having insured them, has recovered the insurance money, the tenant cannot compel him to expend the money so recovered in rebuilding, unless he has expressly engaged to do so ; nor can he in such an event protect himself from the payment of rent during the unexpired balance of the term, unless exempted 1064 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. therefrom by statute or the terms of the lease. The uninhabit- ableness of a house is not a good defense to an action for rent. If the landlord expressly covenanted to repair, the tenant cannot quit and discharge himself of rent because the repairs are not made, un less there is a provision to that effect; and if a landlord is bound by custom or by express agreement to repair, this obligation, and the obligation of the tenant to pay rent, are independent of each other, so that the refusal or neglect of the landlord to repair is no answer to a demand for rent. The tenant is answerable for any neglect to repair highways, fences, or party walls. He is also liable for all injuries produced by the mismanagement ofhis servants, or by a nuisance kept upon the premises, or by an obstruction of the high ways adjacent to them, or the like. One of the principal obligations which the law imposes upon every tenant, independent of any agree ment, is to treat the premises in such a manner that no substantial injury shall be done to them, an:J so that they may revert to the landlord at the end of the term unimpaired by any willful or negli gent conduct on his part. A tenancy from year to year requires sixty days' notice in writing to terminate the same at the end of the year; such notice can be given at any time within four months preceding the last sixty days of the year. A tenancy by the month, or less than a year, where the tenant holds over without any special agreement, the landlord may termi nate the tenancy by thirty days' notice in writing. When rent is due, the landlord may serve a notice npon the ten ant, stating that unless the rent is paid within not less than live days, his lease will be terminated; if the rent is not paid, the land lord may consider the lease ended. When a default is made in any of the terms of the lease, it shall not be necessary to give more than ten days' notice to quit or of the termination of such tenancy; and the same may be terminated on giving such notice to quit, at any time after such default in any of the terms of such lease; which notice may be substantially in the following form: To , You are hereby notified that, in consequence of your default [here insert the character of the default], of. the premises now occupied by you, being, etc., [here describe the premises], I have elected to determine your lease, and yon are hereby notified to quit and deliver up possession of the same to me within ten days of this date [dated, etc]. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. . 1065 The above to be signed by the lessor or his agent, and no other notice or demand of possession or termination of such tenancy is necessary. Demand may be made or notice served by delivering a written or printed, or partly either, copy thereof to the tenant, or leaving the same with some person above the age of twelve years, residing on or in possession of the premises; and in case no one is in actual possession of said premises, then by posting the same on the prem ises. When the tenancy is for a certain time, and the term expires by the terms of the lease, the tenant is then bound to surrender possession, and no notice to quit or demand possession is necessary. DISTRESS FOR RENT. In all cases of distress for rent, the landlord, by himself, his agent or his attorney, may seize for rent any personal property of his ten ant that may be found in the county where the tenant resides. The property of any other person, even if found on the premises, is not liable. An inventory of the property levied upon, with a statement of the amount of rent claimed, should be at once filed with some Justice of the Peace, if not over $200; and if above that' sum, with the Clerk of a Court of Record of competent jurisdiction. Property may be released by a party executing a satisfactory bond for double the amount. The landlord may distrain for rent any time within six months after the expiration of the term of lease, or when terminated. In all cases where the premises rented shall be sub-let, or the lease assigned, the landlord shall have the same right to enforce lien against such lessee or assignee, that he has against the tenant to whom the premises were rented. When a tenant abandons or removes from the premises, or any part thereof, the landlord, or his agent or his attorney may seize upon any grain or crops grown or growing upon the premises, or part thereof so abandoned, whether the rent is due or not. If such grain or other crops, or any part thereof, is not fully grown or matured, the landlord, or his agent or attorney shall cause the same to be properly cultivated, harvested or gathered, and may sell the same, and from the proceeds pay all his labor, expenses and rent. The tenant may, before the sale of such property, redeem the same 1066 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. by tendering the rent and reasonable compensation for the work done, or he may replevy the same. EXEMPTION. The same articles of personal property which are by law exempt from execution, except the crops, as above mentioned, are also exempt from distress for rent. If any tenant is about to, or shall permit, or attempt to sell or remove from the premises, without the consent of his landlord, such portion of the crops raised thereon as will endanger the lien of the landlord upon such crops, for the rent, it shall be lawful for the landlord to distress before rent is due. CRIMINAL LAW Is that branch of jurisprudence wliich treats of criminal offenses. The extreme importance of a knowledge of criminal law is self- evident; for a mistake in point of law,"1 which every person of dis cretion not only may know, but is bound and presumed to know, is in criminal cases no defense. This law is administered upon the principle that every one must be taken conclusively to know it, without proof that he does know it. This doctrine has been carried so far as to include the case of a foreigner charged with a crime which was no offense in his own country. And further, the criminal law, whether common or statute, is imperative with refer ence to the conduct of individuals; so that, if a statute forbids or commands a thing to be done, all acts or omissions contrary to the prohibition or command of the statute are offenses at common law, and ordinarily indictable as such. When a statute punishes a crime by its legal designation without enumerating the acts which constitute it, then it is necessary to resort to the common law for a definition of the crime with its distinctions and qualifications. So, if an act is made criminal, but no mode of prosecution is directed or no punishment provided, the common law (in the absence of a statute to the contrary) furnishes its aid, prescribing the mode of prosecution by indictment, and its mode of punishment by fine and inprisonment. So far, therefore, as the.rules and principles of com mon law are applicable to the administration of the criminal law, and have net been altered or modified by legislation or judicial decisions, they have the same force and effect as laws finally enacted. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1067 The following are some of the leading principles of the criminal law: 1. Every man is presumed to be innocent till the contrary is shown; and if there is any reasonable doubt of his guilt, he is en titled to the benefit of the doubt. 2. In general, no person can be brought to trial till a grand jury on examination of the charge has found reason to hold him to trial. 3. The prisoner is entitled to trial by a jury of his peers, who are chosen from the body of the people with a view to impartiality, and whose decision on questions of facts is final. 4. The question of his guilt is to be determined without reference to his general character, previous history, or habits of life. 5. The prisoner cannot be required to criminate himself, nor be compelled even to exculpate himself by giving his own testimony on trial. . 6. He cannot be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. 7. He cannot be punished for an act which was not an offense by the law existing at the time of its commission; nor can a serverer punishment be inflicted than was declared by the law at the time of its commission. Crimes are sometimes classified according to the degree of pun ishment incurred by their commission. They are more generally arranged according to the nature of the offense. The following is, perhaps, as complete a classification as the subject admits: I. Offenses against the sovereignty of the State — 1, treason ; 2 misprision of treason. II. Offenses against the lives and persons of individuals — 1, murder; 2, manslaughter; 3, attempt to kill or murder; 4, may hem; 5, rape; 6, robbery, 7, kidnapping; 8, false imprisonment; 9, abduction; 10, assault and battery. III. Offenses against public property— 1, burning or destroying public property; 2, injury to same. • IV. Offenses against private property— 1, arson; 2, burglary; 3, larceny; 4, obtaining goods under false pretenses; 5, embezzle ment ; 6, malicious mischief. V. Offenses against public justice— -1, perjury; 2, bribery; 3, destroying public records; 4, counterfeiting public seals ; 5, jail breach; 6, escape; 7, resistance to officers; 8, obstructing legal process; 9, barratry; 10, maintenance; 11, champerty; 12, con- 1068 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. tempt of court; 13, oppression; 14, extortion; 15, suppression of evidence; 16, compounding felony; 17. misprision of felony. VI. Offenses against the public peace — 1, challenging or accept ing a challenge to a duel; 2, unlawful assembly; 3, rows; 4, riot; 5, breach of the peace ; 6, libel. VII. Offenses against chastity — 1, sodomy; 2, bestiality; 3, adultery; 4, incest; 5, bigamy; 6, seduction; 7, fornication; 8, lascivious carriage; 9, keeping and frequenting houses of ill-fame. VIII. Offenses against public policy — 1, false currency; 2, lot teries; 3, gambling; 4, immoral shows; 5, violation of the right of suffrage; 6, destruction of game, fish, etc.; 7, nuisance. IX. Offenses against the currency, and public and private securities — 1, forgery ;> 2, counterfeiting; 3, passing counterfeit money. X. Offenses against religion and morality — 1, blasphemy; 2, profanity; 3, Sabbath -breaking; 4, obscenity; 5, cruelty to ani mals; 6, drunkenness; 7, promoting intemperance. XI. Offenses against the public, individuals, or their property — 1, conspiracy. TAXES. The owners of real and personal property, on the first day of March of each year, are liable for taxes thereon. Assessments should be completed before the fourth Monday in June, at wliich time the Town Board of Review meets to examine assessments, hear objections, and make such changes as ought to be made. The County Board have also power to correct or change assessments. The tax-books are placed in the hands of the Town Collector on or before the tenth day of December, who retains them until the tenth day of March following, when he is required to return them to the County Treasurer, who then collects all delinquent taxes. No costs accrue on real estate taxes until advertised, which takes place on the first day of April, when three weeks' notice is required before judgment. Cost of advertising, twenty cents each tract of land, and ten cents each lot. Judgment is usually obtained at the May term of County Court. Costs six cents each tract of land, and five cents each lot. Sale takes place in June. Costs, in addition to those mentioned, twen- DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1QQ9 ty-eight cents each tract of land, and twenty-seven cents' each town lot. Real estate sold for taxes may be redeemed any time before the expiration of two years from the date of sale by payment to the County Clerk of the amount for which it was sold, and twenty-five per cent, thereon if redeemed within six months, fifty per cent, it- redeemed between six and twelve months; if between twelve and eighteen months, seventy-five per cent., and if between eighteen months and two years, one hundred per cent. ; and, in addition, all subsequent taxes paid by the purchaser, with ten per cent, interest thereon; also, one dollar each tract, if notice is given by the pur chaser of the sale, and a fee of twenty- five cents "to the Clerk for his certificate. SUBSCRIPTION. The selling of books by subscription is so frequently brought into disrepute by agetits making representations not autl'iorized°by the publishers, that the public are often swindled. That there may be more general knowledge of the relation such agents bear to their principal, and the law governing such cases, we give the following rules, which, if followed, will save a great deal of trouble and perliaps serious loss. A subscription is the placing of a signature below a written or printed engagement. It is the act by which a person contracts, in writing, to furnish a sum of money for a particular purpose: as, a subscription to a charitable institution, a subscription for a book, and the like. In the case of a book, the consideration is concur rent that the publisher shall publish the book named, and deliver the same, for whicli 1 he subscriber is to pay the price named. The prospectus and sample should be carefully examined before sub scribing, as they are the basis and consideration of the promise to pay, and not the too often exaggerated statements of the agent, who is merely employed to solicit subscriptions, for which he usually receives a commission for each subscriber, and has no authority to change or alter the conditions upon which the sub scriptions are authorized to be made by the publishers. Should the agent assume to agree to make the subscription conditional, or modify or change the agreement of the publisher, as set out by tlie prospectus and sample, in order to bind the publishers, the 1070 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. subscriber should see that such condition or change is stated over, or in connection with his signature, so the publishers may have notice of the same. When several persons promise to contribute to a common object, desired by all, the promise of each may be a good consideration for the promise of others. In general subscriptions on certain condi tions in favor of the party subscribing, are binding when the acts stipulated are performed. Subscription is in the nature of a con tract of mutual promises. All persons should remember that the law as to written contracts is, that they can not be altered, varied, or rescinded verbally, but if done at all, must be done in writing. It is therefore important that all persons contemplating subscribing should distinctly understand that all talk before or after the sub scription is made is not admissible as evidence, and is no part of the contract. Persons before signing their names to any subscrip tion book, or any written instrument, should carefully examine what it is ; if they cannot read, they slhould call on some one dis interested who can. Persons who solicit subscriptions are known to the trade as can vassers. They are agents appointed to do a particular business in a prescribed mode, and have no authority to do it in any other way to the prejudice of their principal, nor can they bind their principal in any other matter. They can not collect money, or agree that payment may be made in anything else than money. They cannot extend the time of payment beyond the time of delivery, nor bind their principal for payment of expenses incurred in their business. Where you pay money to an agent you should satisfy yourself of his authority to collect money for his employer. CONTRACT FOR PERSONAL SERVICES. When a contract is entire and has been only partially fulfilled, the party in fault may nevertheless recover from the other party for the actual benefit received and retained by the other partv, less the damages sustained by such other party by reason of the partial non-fulfillment of the contract. This may be done in all cases where the other party has received benefit from the partial fulfill ment of the contract, whether he has so received the same from choice or from the necessities of the case. Where D hired B to work for him for seven months at $15 per month, and B worked DIGEST OK STATE LAWS. 1071 for D only fifty-nine days, and then quit without any reasonable excuse therefor, it was held that B might nevertheless recover from D for what the work was reasonably worth, less any damage that D may have sustained by reason of the partial non-fulfillment of the contract. NEWSPAPER LIBEL. Allowing the most liberal rule as to the liability of persons in public employment to criticism for their conduct in which the public are interested, there never has been a rule whicli subjected persons, private or public, to be falsely traduced. No publication is privileged except a bona fide representation, made without malice, to the proper authority, complaining on reasonable grounds. The nearest approach' to this license is where the person vilified presents himself before the body of the public as a candidate for an elective office. But even then there is no doctrine which will sub ject him without remedy to every species of malevolent attack. TENDER. If the tender be of money, it can be a defense only when made before the action was brought. A tender does not bar the debt as a payment would, for in general he is bound to pay the sum which he tendered, whenever he is required to do .so. But it puts a stop to accruing damages or interest for delay in payment, and saves the defendant costs. It need not be made by the defendant person ally; if made by a third person, at his request, it is sufficient; and if made by a stranger without his knowledge or request, a subse quent assent of the debtor will operate as a ratification of the agency, and make the tender good. Any person may make a valid tender for an idiot. If an agent, furnished with money to make a tender, at his own risk tender more, it is good. So, a tender need not be made to a creditor personally; but it must be made to an agent actually authorized to receive the money. If the money be due to several jointly, it may be tendered to either, but must be pleaded as made to all. The whole sum due must be tendered, as the, creditor is not bound to receive, a part of his debt. If the tender be of the whole debt, it is valid. If the obligation be in the alternative, one thing or another, as the creditor may choose, the tender should be of both, that he may make his choice. To make a tender of money valid the money must be actually produced and 1072 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. proffered, unless the creditor expressly or impliedly waives this production. The debtor is not bound to count out the money, if he has it and offers it. No conditions must be annexed to the tender, which the creditor can have any good reason whatever for objecting to; as for instance, that he should give a receipt in full of all demands. The tender should be made in money made lawful by the State in which it is offered. Generally, a tender is valid and effectual if made at any time after the debt is due; and a demand made after the tender if for more than the sum tendered, will not avoid the tender. Certainly not, if the demand is for more than the real debt, although the excess was for another debt truly due. Tender of Chattels. — The thing tendered may not be money, but some specific article. If one is bound to deliver chattels at a partic ular time and place, it may not be enough if he has them there; they may be mingled with others of a like kind which he is not to deliver. Or thfy may need some act of separation, or identifica tion, or completion, before they could become the property of the other party. Generally, if no time or place be specified, the articles are to be delivered where they are at the time of the contract, unless collateral circumstances designate a different place. If the time be fixed, but not the place, then it will be presumed that the deliverer was to bring the articles to the receiver at that time, and for that purpose he must go with the chattels to the residence of the receiver, unless something in their very nature or use, or some other circumstances of equivalent force, distinctly implies that they are to be left at some other place. It may happen, from the cumbrous- ness of the chattels or other circumstances, that it is reasonable and just for the deliverer to ascertain from the receiver, long enough beforehand, where they shall be delivered; and then he would be held to this as a legal obligation. So, too, in such a case, the receiver would have a right to designate to the detiner, a reasonable time beforehand, a place of delivery reasonably convenient to both parties, and the deliverer would be bound by such directions. If no place be indicated, and the deliverer is not in fault in this, he may deliver the chattels to the receiver, in person, at any place which is reasonably convenient. And if the receiver refuses or neglects to appoint any place, or purposely avoids receiving notice of a place, the deliverer may appoint any place, with a reasonable DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1073 regard to the convenience of the other party, and there deliver the articles. If the promise be to pay at a certain time, or deliver certain chattels, it is a promise in the alternative; and the alternative belongs to the promisor; he may do either the one or the other, at his election; nor need he make his election until the time when the promise is to be performed; but after that day has passed without election on his part, the promisee has an absolute right to the , money, and may bring his action for it. A contract to deliver a certain quantity of. merchandise at a certain time means, of course, to deliver the whole then. If by the terms of the contract certain specific articles are to be delivered at a certain time and place in pay ment of an existing debt, this contract is fully discharged and the debt is paid, by a complete and legal tender of the articles at the time and place, although the promisee was not there to receive them; and no action can thereafter be maintained on the contract. But the property in the goods has passed to the creditor, and he may retain them as his own. DRUNKENNESS Is the condition of a person who is under the immediate influence of intoxicating liquors. This condition presents various degrees of intensity, ranging from a simple exhilaration to a state of utter unconsciousness and insensibility. The common law shows but little disposition to afford relief, either in civil or criminal cases, from the immediate effects of drunkenness. It has never considered drunkenness alone as a suffi cient reason for invalidating any act. When carried so far as to deprive the party of all consciousness* strong presumption of fraud is raised ; and on that ground courts may interfere. Courts of equity decline to interfere in favor of parties pleading intoxication in the performance of a civil act. The law does, however, recognize two kinds of inculpable drunk enness, viz.: that which is produced by the " unskillfulness of his physician," and that which is produced by the "contrivance of enemies." To this may be added cases where a party drinks no more liquor than he has habitually used without being intoxicated, and which exerts an unusually potent effect on the brain in con sequence of certain pathological conditions. 1074 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. MARRIAGE CONTRACT. Marriage is a contract, made in due form of law, by which a man and woman reciprocally engage to live with each other during their joint lives, and to discharge towards each other the duties imposed by law on the relation of husband and wife. The marriage contract is in law a civil contract, to which the consent of the parties is essential. The marriage relation can only be entered into, main tained, and abrogated as provided by law. It is dissolved by death or divorce. A marriage which is valid by the law of the country, in which it is contracted, is valid in this State. To make a valid marriage, the parties must be willing to contract, able to contract, and have actually contracted. All persons are able to contract marriage unless they are under the legal age, or unless there be other disability; the age of consent at common law is fourteen in males and twelve in females. When a person under this age mar ries, such person can, when he or she arrives at the age above speci fied, avoid the marriage, or such person or both may, if the other is of legal age, confirm it; if either of the parties is under seven, the marriage is void. If either of the party is non compos mentis or insane, or has a husband or wife living, the marriage is void. The parties must each be willing to marry the other. If either party acts under compulsion, or is under duress, the marriage is voidable. The husband is bound to receive his wife at home, and should fur nish her with all the necessaries and conveniencies which his for tune enables him to do, and which her situation requires, but this does not include such luxuries as, according to her fancy, she deems necessaries. He is bound to love his wife and bear with her faults, and, if possible, by mild means, to correct them; and he is required to fulfill towards her his marital promise of fidelity. Being the head of the family, the husband has a right to estab lish himself wherever he may please, and in this he cannot be con trolled by his wife; he may manage his affairs in his own way, buy and sell all kinds of personal property, without her control, and he may buy any real estate he may deem proper; but as the wife acquires a right in the latter, he cannot sell it without her consent. A wife is under obligations to love, honor and obey her husband. and is bound to follow him wherever in the country he may go and establish himself, provided it is not for other causes unreasonable. DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1075 She is under obligation to be faithful in chastity to her marriage vow. A wife has the right to the love and protecting care of her husband; she has the right to share his bed and board; she can call upon her husband to provide her with the necessary food and clothing, according to her position in life, and if he neglects or re fuses to do so, she can procure them on his account. MARRIED WOMEN May bargain, sell, and convey their real and personal property, and enter into contracts with reference to the same. The wife may be the agent of the husba,nd, and transact for him business, making, accepting or endorsing bills or notes, purchasing goods, rendering bills, collecting money and receipting for the same, and in general, entering into any contract so as to bind him, if she has his authority to do so. And while they continue to live together, the law con siders the wife as clothed with authority by the husba'nd to buy for him and his family all things necessary, in kind and quantity, for the proper support of his family; and for such purchases made by her he is liable. The husband is responsible for necessaries sup plied to his wife, if he does* not supply them himself, and he continues so liable if he turns her out of his house or otherwise separates himself from her, without good cause. But he is not so liable if she deserts him, (without extreme provocation) or if he turns her away for good cause. If she leaves him because he treats her so ill that she has good right to go from him and his house, this is the same thing as turning her away; and she carries with her his credit for all necessaries supplied to her. But what the mis conduct must be to give this right, is uncertain. But the law un doubtedly is, that the wife is uot obliged to stay and endure cruelty or indecency. It is also held, that if a man lives with a woman as his wife, and represents her to be so, he is liable for necessaries sup plied to her, and her contracts, in the same way as if she were his wife- The statutes intend to secure to a married woman all her rights. But many women about to marry— or their friends for them— often wish to secure to them certain powers and rights, and to limit these in certain ways or to make sure that their property is in safe and skillful hands. This can only be done by conveying and trans ferring the property to trustees; that is, to certain persons to hold the same in trust. 1076 DIGEST, OF STATE LAWS. A married woman may sue and be sued. At the death of tho husband, in addition to the widow's award, a married woman has a dower interest [one-third] in all real estate owned by her husband after their marriage, and which has not been released by her, and the husband has the same interest in the real estate of the wife, after her death. SCHOOL MONTH. NUMBER OF DATS IN A SCHOOL MONTH TEACHERS' HOLIDATS. The law of this State says that a school month shall comprise twenty-two school days, actually taught. It also provides that teachers shall not be required to teach on legal holidays, thanks giving or fast-days, appointed by State or National authority. SCHOOL CHILDREN'S STUDIES. The rulings of courts are that the trustees of a school district may prescribe what studies shall be pursued, and may regulate the classification of the pupils; but that a parent may select, from the branches pursued, those which the cliild shall study, so long as the exercise of such selection does not interfere with the system pre scribed for the school ; that the child cannot be excluded from one study simply because he is deficient in another; the rule requiring his exclusion is unreasonable, and cannot be enforced. INFANTS Can make a binding contract for necessaries only. An infant can never bind himself even for necessaries when he has a parent or guardian who supplies his wants. What are considered necessaries depend upon the rank and circumstances of the infant in the par ticular case. All his other contracts are considered voidable and void. An infant's contract on a bill or note is voidable. His liability may be established by ratification after full age. The confirmation or ratification must be distinct, and with a knowl edge that he is not liable on the contract. A mere acknowledgment of a debt, or a payment of a part of it, will not support an action an such a contract. When an infant indorses negotiable notes or bills he does not pass any interest in them as against himself; his act is voidable, but neither the acceptor nor subsequent indorser can oblige his infancy to evade their liability; nor can the drawer of a bill set up the infancy of a payee and indorser as a defense to DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1077 an action thereon against himself. An infant may sue on a bill, but he sues by his guardian or next frjend, and payment should accordingly be made to him. Parties contracting with an infant assume all the inconveniences incident to the protection which the law allows him. In law infancv extends to the age of twenty-one years. ADOPTION OF CHILDREN. Children may be adopted by any resident of this State by filing a petition in the Circuit or County Court of the county in which he resides, asking leave to do so; and, if desired, may ask that the name of the cliild be changed. Such petition, if made by a person having a husband or wife, will not be granted unless the husband and wife joins therein, as the adoption must be by them jointly. The petition shall state name, sex, and age of child, and the new name, if it is desired to change the name; also, the name and resi dence of the parents of the child, if known, and of the guardian, if any, and whether the parents or guardian consent to the adoption. The Court must find, before granting decree, that the parents of the child, or the survivors of them, have deserted his or her family, or such child, for one year next preceding the application; or, if neither is living, that the guardian (if no guardian, the next of kin in this State capable of giving consent) has had notice of the presentation of the petition, and consents to such adoption. If the cliild is at the age of fourteen or upwards, the adoption cannot be made without its consent. CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS May be legally made by electing or appointing, according to the usages or customs of the body of which it is a part, at any meeting held for that purpose, two or more of its members or trustees, war dens or vestrymen, and may adopt a corporate name. -The Chair man or Secretary of such meeting shall, as soon as possible, make and file in the office of the Recorder of Deeds of the county an affidavit substantially in the following form: State of Illinois, ) CoUNTT. }' I, , do solemnly swear [or affirm, as the case may be] that at a meeting of the members of the [here insert the name of 1078 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. the churcri, society, or congregation, as known before organization] held at [here insert the place of meeting], in the County of , and State of Illinois, on the - — - day of , A. D. 18 — , for that purpose, the following persons were elected [or appointed; here insert the names] trustees, wardens, vestrymen [or officers by whatever name they may choose to adopt, with power similar to trustees], according to the rules and usages of such [church, society, or congregation], and said adopted as its corporate name [here insert name], and at eaid meeting this affiant acted as [Chairman or Secretary, as the case may be]. Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , A. D. 18—. [Name of affiant] . Which affidavit must be recorded by the Recorder, and shall be, or a certified copy made by the Recorder, received as evidence of such corporation. No certificate of election after the first need be filed for record. The term of office of the trustees, and the general government of the society can be determined by the rules and by-laws adopted. Failure to elect trustees at the time provided does not work a dis solution, but the old trustees hold'over. A trustee or trustees may be removed, in the same manner, by the society, as elections are held by a meeting called for that purpose. The property of the society rests in the corporation. The corporation may hold, or acquire by purchase or otherwise, land not exceeding ten acres, for the purpose of the society. The trustees have the care, custody and control of the property of the corporation, and can, when directed by the society, erect houses or improvements, and repair and alter the same, and may also when so directed by the society, mortgage, encumber, sell aud convey any real or personal estate belonging to the corporation, and make all proper contracts in the name of such corporation. But they are prohibited by law from encumbering or interfering with any property so as to destroy the effect of any gift, grant, devise or bequest to the corporation; but such gifts, grants, devises or bequests must in all cases be used so as to carry out the object intended by the persons making the same. Existing churches may organize in the manner herein set forth, and have all the advantages thereof. GAME Consists of birds and beasts of a wild nature, obtained by fowling and hunting. The last few years have shown a general interest by DIGEST OF STATU LAWS. 1Q79 the people in having wise and just laws passed for the protection of fish and game. It is apparent to all that, unless these laws are vigorously enforced, the time will soon come when fish and game will be so scarce as to be within the reach of only the wealthy. Under proper regulations our streams of pure running water would all be filled with fish, as in other years, and our prairies, fields and forests alive with their great variety of game. It is a question that interests all, and the game laws should be enforced. The following are sections 1 and 6 of the Game Law of 1873, of this State, as amended by the act approved May 14th, 1877: Sec. 1. That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to hunt or pursue, kill or trap, net or ensnare, destroy, or attempt to kill, trap, net, ensnare, or otherwise destroy any prairie hen or chicken, or any woodcock, between the 15th day of January and the 1st day of September in each and every year; or any deer, fawn, wild turkey, ruffed grouse (commonly called partridge), or pheas ant, between the 1st day of February and the 1st day of October in each and every year; or any quail between the 1st day of Feb ruary and the 1st day of November in each and every year; or any wild goose, duck, snipe, brant, or other waterfowl between the 1st day of May and the 15th day of August in each and every year: Provided, That it shall be unlawful for any person or persons to net any quail at any time after this act shall take effect and be in force; and provided further, That it shall be unlawful for any per son or persons who is or are non-residents of this State to kill, ensnare, net or trap any deer, fawn, wild turkey, prairie hen or chicken, ruffed grouse, quail, woodcock, wild goose, wild duck or brant, or any snipe, in any county of this State, at any time, for the purpose of selling or marketing or removing the same outside of this State. Every person who violates any of the provisions of this section shall, for each and every offense, be deemed guilty of a .misdemeanor, and on conviction shall be fined not less than five dol lars ($5) nor more than twenty-five dollars ($25) and costs of suit for each and every separate bird or animal of the above enumerated list, so unlawfully hunted or pursued, killed, trapped, netted, ensnared, or destroyed or attempted to be killed, trapped, netted, ensnared, or otherwise destroyed, and shall stand committed to the county jail until such fine and costs are paid, but such imprison ment shall not exceed ten days. 1081 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. Sec. 6. No person or persons shall sell or expose for sale, or have in his or their possession for the purpose of selling or expos ing for sale, any of the animals, wild fowls or birds mentioned in section 1 of this act, after the expiration of five days next succeed ing the first day of the period in which it shall be unlawful to kill, trap, net, or ensnare snch animals, wild fowls or birds. And any person so offending shall, on conviction, be fined and dealt with as specified in Section 1 of this act: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply to the killing of birds by or for the use of taxidermists for preservation' either in public or private collec tions, if so preserved. The fifteenth of January, it will be observed, is the date when the prohibition begins to work as to prairie chickens and woodcock; the first of February is the date for most other sorts of game, except waterfowl. And five days after the prohibition against kill ing goes into force, it becomes unlawful to sell or expose for sale the prohibited game. PRESERVATION OF OTHER BIRDS. It may be appropriate to mention here that Sections 3 and 4 of the act of 1873, which are not changed or affected by the act of 1877, are as follows: Sec. 3. No person shall at any time, within this State, kill or attempt to trap, net, ensnare, destroy or kill any robin, bluebird, swallow, martin, mosquito hawk, whippoorwill, cuckoo, woodpecker, catbird, brown-thrasher, red-bird, hanging-bird, buzzard, sparrow, wren, humming-bird, dove, gold-finch, mocking bird, blue-jay, finch, thrush, lark, cherry-bird, yellow-bird, oriole, or bobolink, nor rob or destroy the nests of such birds, or either or any of them. And any person so offending shall on conviction be fined the sum of five dollars for each and every bird so killed, and for each and every nest robbed or destroyed: Provided, that nothing in this sectioii shall be construed to prevent the owner or occupant of lands from destroying any of the birds herein named on the same, when deemed necessary for the protection of fruits or property. Sec. 4. It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to destroy or remove from the nests of any prairie chicken, grouse or quail, wild turkey, goose or brant, any egg or eggs of such fowl or bird, or for any person to buy, sell, have in possession or traffic in such DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1080 eggs, or willfully destroy the nest of such birds or fowls, or any or either of them. And any person so offending shall on conviction be fined and dealt with as specified in Section 3 of this act. MILLERS. The owner or occupant of every public grist-mill in this State shall grind all grain brought to his mill, in its turn. The toll for both steam and water mills, is, for grinding and bolting wheat, rve, or other grain, one-eighth part ; for grinding Indian corn, oats, barley, and buckwheat not required to be bolted, one-seventh part; for grind ing malt, and chopping all kinds of grain, one-eighth part. It is the duty of every miller, when his mill is in repair, to aid and assist in loading and unloading all grain brought to his mill to be ground; and he is also required to keep an accurate half-bushel measure, and an accurate set of toll dishes or scales for weighing the grain. The penalty for neglect or refusal to comply with the law is $5, to the use of any person suing for the same, to be recovered before any Justice of the Peace of the county where the penalty is incurred. Millers are accountable (except it results from unavoidable acci dents) for the safe-keeping of all grain left in tlieir mill for the pur pose of being ground, with bags or casks containing same, provided that such bags or casks are distinctly marked with the initial letters of the owner's name. PAUPERS. Every poor person who shall be unable to earn a livelihood in con sequence of any bodily infirmity, idiocy, lunacy or unavoidable cause, shall be supported by the father, grandfathers, mother, grand mothers, children, grandchildren, brothers or sisters, of such poor person, if they or either of them be of sufficient ability; but if any of such dependent class shall have become so from intemperance, or other bad conduct, they shall not be entitled to support from any relation except parent or child. The children shall first be called on to support their parents, if they are able; but if not, the parents of such poor person shall then be called on, if of sufficient ability; and if there be no parents orchildren able, then the brothers and sisters of such dependent person shall be called upon; and if there be no brothers or sisters of sufficient ability, the grandchildren of such per son shall next be called on; and if they are not able, then vthe grand parents. Married females, while their husbands live, shall not be 1082 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. liable to contribute for the support of their poor relations except out of their separate property. It is the duty of the State's attorney to make complaint to the County Court of his county against all the relatives of such paupers in this State liable to support, and prose cute the same. In case the State's attorney neglects or refuses to complain in such cases, then it is the duty of the overseer of the poor to do so. The person called upon to contribute shall have at least ten days' notice of such application, by summons. The court has the power to determine the kind of support, depending upon the circumstances of the parties, and may also order two or more of the different degrees to maintain such poor person, and prescribe the proportion of each, according to his or her ability. The court may specify the time for which the relatives shall contribute; in fact it has control over the entire subject matter, with power to enforce its order. Every county is required to relieve and support all poor and in digent persons lawfully resident therein. " Residence " means the - actual residence of the party, or the place where he was employed; or in case he was in no employment, then it shall be the place where he made his home. When any person becomes chargeable as a pauper who did not reside in the county at the commencement of six months immediately preceding his becoming so, but did at the time reside elsewhere in this State, then the county becomes liable for the expense of taking care of such person until removed; and it is the duty of the overseer to notify tire proper authorities of the fact. If any person shall bring and leave any pauper in any county in this State where such pauper had no legal residence, knowing him to be such, he is liable to a fine of $100. In counties under town ship organization, the supervisors in each town are ex-officio over seers of the poor. The overseers of the poor act under the directions of the County Board in taking care of the poor and granting tem porary relief; also, in providing for non-resident persons not pau pers who may be taken sick and not able to pay their way, and, in case of death, causing such persons to be decently buried. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONVEYANCES. When practicable from the nature of the ground, persons travel ing in any kind of vehicle must turn to the right of the center of the road, so as to permit each carriage to pass without interfering DIGEST OF STATK LAWS. 1083 with the other. The penalty for a violation of this provision is $5 for every offense, to be recovered by the party injured; but to re cover, there must have occurred some injury to person or property resulting from the violation. ' The owners of any carriage traveling upon any road in this State for the conveyance of passengers, who shall employ or continue in their employment as driver any person who is addicted to drunken ness, or the excessive use of spirituous liquors, after he has had notice of the same, shall pay a forfeit at the rate of $5 per day; and if any driver, while actually engaged in driving any such carriage, shall be guilty of intoxication to such a degree as to endanger the safety of passengers, it shall be the duty of the owner, on receiving written notice of the fact, signed by one of the passengers, and cer tified by him on oath, forthwith to discharge such driver. If such owner shall have such driver in his employ within three months after such notice, he is liable for $5 per day for the time he shall keep such driver in his employment after receiving such notice. Persons driving any carriage on any public highway are prohib ited from running their horses upon any occasion, under a penalty of a fine not exceeding $10, or imprisonment not exceeding sixty days, at the discretion of the court. Horses attached to any car riage used to convey passengers for hire must be properly hitched, or the lines placed in the hands of some other person, before the driver leaves them for any purpose. For violation of this provision each driver shall forfeit twenty dollars, to be recovered by action commenced within six months. It is understood by the term " carriage " herein to mean any car riage or vehicle used for the transportation of passengers, or goods, or either of them. WAGERS AND STAKEHOLDERS. Wagers upon the result of an election have always been consid ered as void, as being contrary to sound policy, and tending to im pair the purity of elections. Wagers as to the mode of playing, or as to the result of any illegal game, as "boxing, wrestling, cock- fighting, etc. , are void at common law. Stakeholders must deliver the thing holden by them to the person entitled to it, on demand. It is frequently questionable who is en titled to it. In case of an unlawful wager, although he may be jus- 1085 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. • tified for delivering the thing to the winner, by the express or im ¦ plied consent of the loser, yet if before the event has happened he has been required by either party to give up the thing deposited with him by such party, he is bound to deliver it; or if, after the event has happened, the losing party gives notice to the stakeholder not to pay the winner, a payment made to him afterwards will be made to him in his own wrong, and the party who deposited the money or thing may recover it from the stakeholder. SUNDAY. Labor of whatever kind, other than the household offices of daily necessity, or other work of charity and -.necessity, on the first day of the week, commonly called Sunday, is in general under penalty pro hibited; but all persons do not come under prohibition. If a con tract is commenced on Sunday, but not completed until a subsequent day, or if it merely grew out of a transaction which took place on Sunday, it is not for this reason void. Thus, if a note is signed on Sunday, its validity is not impaired if it be not delivered on that day. DEFINITION OF COMMERCIAL TERMS. $ means dollars, being a contraction of U. S., which was for merly placed before any denomination of money, and meant, as it means now, United 'States currency. £ means pounds, English money. @ stands for at or to; lb for pound; bbl. for barrel; and $ for per or by the. Thus, butter sells at 20 @ 30c. $ lb, and flour at $6@10 ^ bbl. („ stands for per cent., and $ for number. In the example "May 1 — wheat sells at $1.05@1.10, seller June," seller June means that the person who sells the wheat has the privilege of delivering it at any time during the month of June. " Selling short " is contracting to deliver a certain amount of grain or stock at a fixed price within a certain length of time, when the seller has not the stock on hand. It is for the interest of the person selling " short" to depress the market as much as possi ble, in order that he may buy and fill his contract at a profit. Hence the " shorts " are termed ' ' bears. " LEGAL WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Whenever any of the following articles shall be contracted for, or sold or delivered, and no special contract or agreement shall be DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1084 made to the contrary, the weight per bushel shall be as follows, to-wit: lbs. H,s Apples, dried 24 Hemp seed 44 Barley..,. 48 Hair (plastering) ".' $ Beans, white .60 Lime, unslacked 80 Beans, castor. .. . 46 Onions 57 Buckwheat.... 52 Oats \ 3a Bran 20 Potatoes, Irish ' 60 Blue-glass seed 14 Peaches, dried 33 Brooin-corn seed 46 Potatoes, sweet 55 Coal, stove 80 Rye 56 Corn, in the ear. 70 Salt, fine 55 Corn, shelled 56 Salt, coarse 50 Oornmeal 48 Turnips 55 Clover seed 60 Timothy seed 45 Flax seed 56 Wheat 60 BEES. Bees, while, unreclaimed, are by nature wild animals. Those which take up their abode in a tree belong to the owner of the soil in which the tree grows, if unreclaimed ; but if reclaimed and identi fied they belong to tlieir former owner. If a swarm has flown from the hive of A, they are his so long as they are in sight, and may easily be taken ; otherwise, they become the property of the first occupant. Merely finding on the land of another persop a tree containing a swarm of bees, and marking it, does not vest the property of the bees in the finder. They do not become property until actually hived. DOGS. Dogs are animals of a domestic nature. The owner of a dog has such property in him that he may maintain an action for an injury to him, or to recover him when unlawfully taken away and kept by another. When, in consequence of his vicious propensities, a dog becomes a common nuisance the owner may be indicted, and where one commits an injury, if the owner had knowledge of his mischievous propensities, he is liable for the injury. A man has a right to keep a dog to guard his premises, but not to put him at the entrance of his house, because a person coming there on lawful business may be injured by him, though there may be another entrance to the house. But if a dog is chained, and a visitor incautiously goes so near him that he is bitten, he has no right of action against the owner. 1086 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS. Whoever shali willfully overdrive, overload, overwork, torture, torment, beat, deprive of necessary and proper food, drink, or shelter, or cruelly kill any such animal, or work an old, niaimed, sick, or disabled animal, or keep any animal in an unnecessarily ¦ cruel manner, for each and every offense shall be liable to a fine of not less than $3 or more than $200, to be recovered on complaint before any Justice of the Peace, or by indictment. The word "animal" used shall be taken to mean any living creature. NAMES. Any person desirous of changing his name, and to assume another name, may file a petition in the Circuit Court of the county where he resides, praying for such change. Such petition shall set forth the name then held, and also the name sought to be assumed) together with his residence, and the length of time he shall have resided in this State, and his nativity. In case of minors, parents or guardians must sign this petition; and said petition shall be verified by the affidavit of some credible person. A previous notice shall be given of such intended application by publishing a notice thereof in a county newspaper for three consecutive weeks, the first insertion to -be at least six weeks prior to the first day of the term of the court in which the said petition is to be filed. UNITED STATES MAILS. The following suggestions and rulings of the Post Office Depart ment in regard to the sending of matter through the United States mails will be found valuable. By giving careful attention to and closely following them, almost perfect security from all delays and losses, and the many little vexatious inquiries generally made by the public will be avoided'. Make the address legible and complete, giving the name of the postoffice, county and state ; the name of the street, and the num ber of the house, also, should always be given on letters addressed to cities where letter-carriers are employed. Letters intended for places in foreign countries should have the name of the country *.s well as the postoffice given in full. See that every letter, newspaper or other packet sent by mail is securely folded and fastened. Avoid using, as much as possible, DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 108" cheap envelopes made of thin paper, especially when containing more than one sheet of paper. Never send money or any other article of value through the mail, except by means of a money order or in a registered letter. Every letter sent should contain the full name and address of the writer, with the county and State, in order to secure its return if the person to whom it is directed cannot be found. Persons who have large correspondence find it most convenient to use "special request" envelopes, but those who only mail an occasional letter can avoid the trouble by writing a request to " return if not delivered," etc., on the envelope. Postage stamps should be placed upon the upper right hand corner of the addressed side of all mail matter. Written matter in unsealed envelopes prepaid with only a one- cent postage stamp will be held for postage. Diplomas, commissions, certificates, etc., having written signa tures attached, circulars having anything written thereon, are sub ject to postage at the rate of three cents for each half ounce or fraction thereof. Stamps cut from stamped envelopes, mutilated postage stampsj and internal revenue stamps, will not be accepted in payment for postage. Letters deposited in a postoffice having such matter affixed are held for postage. To use, or attempt to use, in payment of postage a postage stamp, or stamped envelope, or any stamp cut from such stamped envelopes, which has been before used in payment of postage, is punishable with a fine of fifty dollars. In using postal cards, be careful not to write or have anything printed on the side to be used for the address, except the address ; also be careful not to attach anything to them. They are unmail- able as postal cards when these suggestions are disregarded. No cards are " postal cards " except such as are issued by the Post Office Department. In no one case will unclaimed cards be returned to the writer or sent to the Dead Letter Office. If not delivered within sixty days from time of receipt they will be burned by the post- master. To insure a letter being forwarded in the mails it must have not less than three cents in postage stamps affixed. After a letter has passed from the mailing office the delivering 1088 DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. of it cannot be delayed or prevented by the writer; but, if the writer request the return of the letter, which has not left in the mail, the post-master may deliver it, if he is satisfied that the party applying is the writer. A subscriber to a newspaper or periodical who changes his resi dence and postoffice should at once notify the publishers of the change. Printed matter, merchandise and other third-class matter cannot be forwarded from the office to which it is addressed unless postage is furnished for such pnrposes. A request to return indorsed on such matter will not be regarded unless postage is furnished for the purpose. A request to return written on such matter subjects the package to letter postage. All packages mailed at less than letter postage should he wrapped so that their contents can be readily ascertained without destroying the wrapper. Matter contained in sealed envelopes, notched at the ends, is sub ject to letter postage. The sender of any article of the third-class may write his or her name or address therein, or on the outside thereof, -with the word " from " above or preceding the same, or may write or print on any package the number and name of articles inclosed. All losses should be promptly reported. Packages of any description of mail matter may weigh not exceed ing four pounds. RATES OF POSTAGE. On letters, sealed packages, mail matter, wholly or partly in writing, except book manuscript and corrected proofs passing between authors and publishers, and except local or drop letters, or postal cards ; all printed matter so marked as to convey any other or further information than is conveyed by the original print, except the correction of mere typographical errors ; all matter otherwise chargeable with letter postage, but which is so wrapped or secured that it cannot be conveniently examined by the post-masters with. out destroying the wrapper or envelope; all packages containing matter not in itself chargeable with letter postage, but in which is enclosed or concealed any letter, memorandum, or other thing chargeable with letter postage, or upon which is any writing or memorandum; all matter to which no specific rate of postage is DIGEST OF STATE LAWS. 1089 assigned; and manuscript for publication in newspapers, magazines or periodicals, three cents for each half ounce or feaction THEREOF. On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is established, two cents for each half ounce or fraction THEREOF. On local or drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carriers is not- established, one cent for each half ounce or fraction THEREOF. RATES OF POSTAGE ON THIRD-CLASS MATTER. By act of July 12, 1876, third-class matter is divided as follows: One cent for two ounces. — Almanacs, books (printed), calendars, catalogues, corrected proofs, hand-bills, magazines, when not sent to regular subscribers, maps (lithographed or engraved), music (printed sheet), newspapers, when not sent to regular subscribers occasional publications, pamphlets, posters, proof-sheets, prospec tuses, and regular publications designed primarily for advertising purposes, or for free circulatien, or for circulation at nominal rates. One cent for each ounce.— Blank books, blank cards, book manu script, card boards and otlier flexible materials, chromo-lithographs circulars, engravings, envelopes, flexible patterns, letter envelopes, letter paper, lithographs, merchandise, models, ornamented paper, postal cards, when sent in bulk and not addressed, photographic views, photographic paper, printed blanks, printed cards, sample cards, samples of ores, metals, minerals, and merchandise, seeds cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions, and stereoscopic views. Any article of mail matter, subject to postage at the rate of one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof, which may be enclosed in the same package with items subject to the rate of one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof, will subject the entire package to the ''highest rate, viz.; one cent for each ounce or fraction thereof. The following articles are unmailable: Packages containing liquids, poisons, glass, explosive chemicals, live animals, sharp pointed instruments, flour, sugar, or any other matter liable to deface or destroy the contents of the mail, or injure the person of any one connected with the service. All letters upon the envelope of which, or postal card upon which indecent, lewd, obscene, or lascivious delineations, epithets, terms or language may be*&ritten or printed, or disloyal devices printed or engraved, 1090 digest of state laws. and letters or circulars concerning illegal lotteries, so called "gift concerts or other similar enterprises offering prizes, or concerning schemes devised and intended to deceive aud defraud the public- Also, all obscene, lewd or lascivious books, pamphlets, pictures, papers, prints or other publications of an indecent character. REGISTERED MATTER. The fee for registering a letter going anywhere in the United States is fixed at ten cents in addition to the regular postage. Post masters are required to register all letters properly presented for that purpose, but no letters are to be registered on Sunday. Registered letters will never be delivered to any person but the one to whom they are addressed, or to one whom the post-master knows to be authorized to receive them. MONEY ORDERS. The money-order system is intended to promote public conven ience and to secure safety in the transfer through the mails of small sums of money. The principal means employed to attain safety consists in leaving out of the order the name of the payee or per son for whom the money is intended. In this respect a money- order differs from an ordinary bank draft or check. An advice- or notification containing full particulars of the order is transmitted without delay by the issuing post-master to the post-master at the office of payment. The latter is thus furnished, before the order itself is presented, with information which will enable him to pre vent its payment to any person not entitled thereto, provided the remitter complies with the regulation of the Department, which prohibits him from sending the same information in a letter inclosed with his order. Under no circumstances can payment of an order be demanded on the day of its issue. The fees or charges for money-orders will be as follows: On orders not exceeding $15. 10 cents JOn orders over $15 and not exceeding $30 .15 cents On orders over $30 and not exceeding $40 '..'.'.'.20 cents On orders over $40 and not exceeding $50 '.. . . ^25 cents When a larger sum than $50' is required, additional orders to make it up must be obtained. But post-masters are instructed to refuse to issue in one day, to the same remitter and in favor of the same payee, more than three money-orders payable at the same postoffice. £ £