The INQUISITION House al Granada.

^/Ae ^yfa/y ^y/?rf//£A-t&cvi, -r~-j

HISTORY OFTHE
INQUISITION, As it fubfifts in the Kingdoms of
SPAIN, PORTUGAL, &c
And In both the INDIES, to this Day.
Comprehending as well an entertaining Series of itsTranfa&ions, as an exa<ft
Account of its Conftitution, Power, (sfc. under the following Heads :

I. Its Rife, Progrcfs, and Eftablifli-
ment.
II. The extraordinary Methods taken
to fupport it.
III. The almoft boundlefs Jurifdi&ion

of this Court; its Officers, Laws,Cu-
ftoms, &>c.
IV. The Nature of its Proceedings
againft Hereticks.
V. The Judgments, Penauces, Execu
tions, &c.

INTERSPERSED
With various, extraordinary, ^ and particular Relations concerning the Treatment
ofPerfonsprofecuted in that Court; as of Isaac Martin, an Engliflman, who
lay long in Prifon at Granada, in the Reign of the late King George ; and whofe
Account has the Sanction of a Certificate figned by both Archbifhops, and by thir
teen Bifhops, at the Inftance of Mr. Secretary Craggs : With many other genuine
Cafes, extracted from credible Authors, and from Original Papers.
To which is added,
An Appendix of neceffary Records, and various Original Letters on the
Conduct ofthe Inquisition, hitherto never printed.
Compiled and Tranflated by the Reverend J. BAKER, M. A.
Illuftrated with Copper Plates.
<fhere is one Law- giver, who is able tofave andto dejlroy; who art thou that judgeft another ? James iv. I z.
Woe unto them that decree unrighteousDecrees, and that write Grievoufnefs which they have pref cribed. Ii. x. I .
Ihe Lord will abhtr the Blood thirjly. Pfal. v. 6.

LONDON:
Printed and Sold by Joseph Marshall, at the Bible in Newgate-Street ; and
George Davies and Robert Spencer, zttteGolden-BaWmWhite-Frytis,
M,DCC.XXXIV,

THE
P R E F A C E
T has been an old and well fupported Cuftom among
Authors to make a previous Apology for their ap
pearing in Print, and laying the Produce of their Study
and Learning before the Publick. Some fpruce Wri
ters, indeed, have difpenjed with this ancient Ufage,
and not only contemned it by their Practice, but ridi
culed it in their Writings ; whereas, to me, nothing
wears the Face of Reajbn more, than giving the
"W uddjome Account of what they are to expect in a Volume of any confi-
derable Lengthy that the Reader may judge whether the Profit from furvey-
ing the Building; will compenfate the Trouble of viewing it; or whether ?
from the Plan in the Preface, it be not better to flop at the Lobby.
I fhall therefore make it my Bufinefs, at prefent, to Jet two Points in
their proper Light, viz. the Nature of the Subject treated of in the follow
ing Sheets, and the Nature of my Method of treating it. When this is done,
whoever perufes this Preface, will be able to- decide for him/elf whether the
Book dejerve his Notice, or not. How far this may he. confflent with the
Politenefs of a modern Preface, becomes not me to determine-, but that 'tis
aSling in ajujl and candid Marnier with the Publick, cannot, I think, be
denied me : And therefore, as I depend on the good Opinion which thofe who
read this will have of my Integrity ; fo I fj all fay nothing, in order to pro
cure it, which is not IhiBly true, and deliver d in the plainef 'Terms/
A 2 Whoever

IV

The PREFACE.

Whoever has con/idered Religion with- any Attention, muft have
di (cover 'd that it is u/ieally made up of two Parts; an outward Profeflion
p/'Faith, as to certain Points, and an inward Senfe of the Obedience due
to its Rules. Where thefe are properly tempered, Heligion truly flourijhes ;
but where the former prevails over, or is preferr' d to the latter, there true
Religion will quickly be brought low. The Apostle hath made the
fame Distinction, though he has been more happy in his Expreflion ; calling
one the Form of Godliness, and the other the PpwER thereof
Nvw wher eve r R e l i g i o n becomes an Engine of Policy, the out
ward Profeflion is ejleemed of more Confequence than the inward Perfiiafion ;
and, provided Men are Orthodox, i.e. compliant to the Regulations
made by the State, as to Form, they will run little Hazard from their being
wanting in thofe Things, which are Testimonies only ofthe Power. Per-
fons of loofe Principles are far lefs liable to Perfecution, than People of f neere
and confeientious Piety ; the one by their Violence, in regard to exterior
Matters, commute with thofe whofe Interefts are united to the Obfervance of
ILxtenoxs for their Omiflions in Practical Religion ; but the other are ne
ver able to attone for their Deficiencies, as to Form in the Eye (Tmean,
of thofe who fubfifi by Forms) let their Morals be everfo pure, or the whole
Current of their Lives everfo unblemifhed. There is certainly nothing more
facile than to make a Shew of Faith without Works ; but the great,' indeed
the only Difficulty in the Chriltian Religion, is to jkew forth our Faith by
mr Works. Yet, in refpeSl to thefe Points lies the Difference between the
Human Inquifition, and the Enquiry which God will tnake at the laft
Day. The former will be fatisfied, if we but feem what we are not ; in the
latter we floall only be condemned, if we have not really been what, in
outward Shew, we appeared.
From hence it is evident, that the employing Force in Matters of Faith,
cannot any way benefit true Religion ; though we deny not but that it may be
of Ufe to maintain a State Religion ; a Creed framed on political Conflagra
tions, fupported rather by human Power, than by right Reafon, or the
Holy Spirit : Where] ore, in Proportion to the varying of any Syftem of
Divinity, from that taught by our bleffed Saviour, and his Apoftles,
the Spirit of perfecuting, qr enforcing the Profefjion of that Syftem, has
been endeavoured by its Promoters ; and, perhaps, there is no better Mea-
fure o/"Anti-chriftianifm, than the Computation made from the Cruelties of
thofe, who, though their Hands are red with Blood, pretend to be the
Difciples ofthe Prince of Peace.
When

The P R E F A C E. v
When the Church of C h r i s t was in its Infancy, /he was perfecuted
by Jews and Heathens, and that with the utmofi Vehemence, and mofi im
placable Malice. But from what Motives ? Surely to maintain the Religion
cf the State ; which was Judaifm in Paleftine, and- Paganifm throughout
¦the refl of the World. 7/ is true, indeed, that the Hebrew Faith was de
liver d by the Almighty ; and that the Jews had as flrong and undeniable
Rea/ons to believe it, as to believe any Thing which had the Teflimonies of
its Truth from both their Under/landing and their Senfes. But they had
corrupted and interpolated the Law given by God, mixing with it the in-
certain Traditions and vain Conjectures of Men. Thefe Additions, thefe
foolijh Additions, as they exalted the Form of Religion among them, fo they
Jeftroy'd the Power of it ; they hinder' d them from perceiving the Truth of
Christ's Doctrines; they infpired them with an irrational and impious
Zeal, which hurried them, on to perjecUU and to. crucify its blefj'ed Author.
The Pagan Worjhip again was an entire Syftem, or rather Rhapfody, of hu
man Inventions ; moft , of them unreafonable, various dijhonejl, and many
indecent : Tet a furious Pajfion for thefe wretched Notions, and pompous^ .
though ill-founded Ceremonies, prompted the Heathen Potentates toftaugkter
Multitudes, for Crimes by them reputed abominable, though the pretended
Criminals led their Lives in the moft innocent and inoffenfive Manner j
end to butcher, without Remorfe, thofe whom they charged with Impiety,
though they were really the moft pious and devout Perjons in the
World. Since Perfecution, and the very Methods now in Ufe - among fome Chri
stians, for propagating and defending their Religion, were, in thefe flrft
Ages, fo deftruclive of, and apparently oppojite to the Gofpel, of Jesus
Christ, we may juflly wonder how they have been -.introduced into any
Church, calling herfelf by his Name. Are Scourges, Racks, or Faggots,
Arguments which bear any Analogy to the Precepts he has given us, re-
fpeSling Faith or Manners? If they are not, why are they applied? Moft
certainly, they are cogent Reafons to teach a Man Hypocrify; but they
will not, they cannot influence a Perfon to embrace the true Faith. Such
Proceedings fuit the Genius of Mahometifm, but they are repugnant to the
Law ^"Christ. Truth is amicable in its Nature, Reafon will lead us
to embrace her ; but Force is apt fo to dijbrder our Minds, that we hear
with Repugnance, Orders which we muft neither examine, nor dijbelieve.
In a Ward, if the Enemies of Gov's Holy Faith had endeavoured
to render it odious, by introducing into it Things contrary to its Nature,
they could not have done it more effectually, than by breathing this Spirit into the

vi The PREFACE.
the Church, which, whilft itfeems to keep many Saints, does, in reality,
make many Devils.
But to quit Speculation.  When, in/lead of that Simplicity, which is
fo diftinguijhing a Mark of the Gofpel Inftitution, a Multitude of human
Inventions were received into the Chriftian Syftem. ; and, for the promoting
the Intereft of an ambitious and covetous Body of Men, they were, like the
Jewifh Traditions, magnified, even to a Superiority over Gob's Word,
then Force became a Thing neceffary not to j'upport the Faith of J'E's it s j
for that neither needed, n.qr indeed can it derive any ASliftance from Force j
but to uphold thefe Juperftitiaiis Additions, thefe lucrative Inventions, where
by Religion was made a Trade, and Gbdlinefs made a Means of Gain.
When the Clergy grew enamour' d of Pomp and Preferment, and, in or*-
der to gratify their D.eflres of thefe Kinds, introduced numberlejs Notions,
nwhich were produBive only ofM.oney and Superftition, then it grew expe-
dient-to lay Restraints qn Mens Thoughts ; or, at leaft, upon their Tongues ;
that thefe Cheats Miight (jcape Detection, and. that thefe Frauds -might pro
duce their intended Effects : And in Proportion as thefe Ecclefiaftick Impo
sitions multiplied^ fo alfo did the Severities praBifed lo defend them ; till,
in the End, they are at prefent grown fo numerous, fo glaring, and fo
eppr-effive,- that the Tim? fe ems to be at hand, when, like a Bow over-
ftrain'd% thife-whq- fivive to carry them yet farther, fha.ll break and over*
turn fhem ; or good awdwife Princes, out of a due Tendernefsfor their Peo
ple, jhall blunt the Edge of juch unchristian Weapons.
We are not, however, to juppofe, that in thefe Severities there are any of
the Methods of covering Cruelty with Hypacrify omitted. Even Juch as
take thfe Steps, are ja, confeious of their Dijdgreement with the Religion
which, they pretend, they are praBifed to maintain, that they endeavour,
•with the utmoji Gunning, to glofsf by fmo.othy pious, and even compajflonate
Language, the moft outragious Cruelties that ever inhuman Sjnrits perpe
trated, on their innocent Brethren. The I n oj; i s i t i o n, the mojl bloody i
asweilas the m.$ terrible Court, that ever was invented, is called, by its
Advpcafesx,.. and '^Dependants, the, Holy Office ; -'and though many
Catholick? are fl-rqng/y prejudiced, again ft ih manner of 'proceeding ; yet, in
Countries where it. jubfifts^ the- whole Body ofthe People Jpeak of it with the
higheft-Keverence ; Jk formi-daMe has. its inexorable Rigour made it, and
juch an Awe has its excruciating Treatment offuch as have fallen under its
Power diffufei^thai^\f>mir isdifj'embkd, and Fear it (elf is Silent. • Where-
ever it. exerts its- Authority, .Men forget to fe arch the. Scriptures, or to gain a
rational Belief in C«R''J$TJ tkey.\ content thehifelves with Forms and
Cere-

The'ME'F A C fe. vii
Ceremonies, and dare Mi fo much 'tis' enquire info the Grounds of that Faith,.
by holding which they are to be faved. Such is the State #/*Religidn in the
Neighbourhood ofthe In Qjj i s i t I b n.
But, perbapsf jbme may dbjeft, that thefe arc the Accounts giijen by
Proteftartts of this Tribunal; and that Perfons of a different Communion1
are too apt to exaggerate all' Things, which may, iii any 'Degree, ¦ lendt&the
Disparagement of each other : But this is by no means the Cafe. Catho-
licks, (as they call themjetves) nay, Officers' and Judges- of the Holy
Office, have c&nfeffed all this, and more, ctien with Pride and Exul-
tathn of Heart. Far from hiding or denying fiich Things, they inragike1
them honourable ; and, either by a long Habit of thinking erroneously,1 or
from projbundjyiffirtikhtioni and a View ta worldly Intereft, publijh theje'
very Particulars, dreffedup (as indeed whatever relates to the I n qu i s i t i o N
is) in a fludied canting Stile, by which they off eB the Minds of or dinar f
Readers ; ejpecially iii Countries, where the Very Title's offuch Books firike
with Reverence', or rafher Horror; The Writers on the Canon Law are
another Band* ^Auxiliaries, in the Service of the Ho l y Of f i c e j s
they affert the Equity and fuftice of theje Proceedings : According to themt
the very Sufpicion of H&tiefyjhould intail Poverty ; «n/H.ERE6Y, like
the Plague, infeBed MensGoods,< and rendered them fit for no Bodies
Uje> but the Engines' of the Jn' qjj i s i t i o N.
It is not therefore- to be wonder' d d£, "that a Tribunal, which is on one
fide boafted of and cried up, as an admirable Bulwark ofthe Church,
and the only Fortification which has enabled the Catholick Faith, for'the
Papal Constitutions, infpite of the Reformation, to preferve ^trid fupport
an ample Dominion over the Perfons, Purj'es, and Conjciences of Men ; and
which, on the other hand, is reprejented as an inhuman Contrivance, by
Force and Torture to extingmjh . trufe -Religion, and the fincere Love of
God, has been thought a Topick worthy1 the. Pens of the moft eminent Men
on each Side ofthe £>ueftion. •' Ludovicus a Paramo, in his Hiftory of the
Origin, Progrefs, and Practice of the Inquifitiofi ; Bzovius, //^Continua-
tor o/'Baronius'* Annals; and Pope Clement IV- in his Queftiones quin-
decim ad Inquili tores, have" jufficiently Magnified the Ufe, Equity, and
Dignity of the Holy Office: As. fhe celebrated Philip a Limborch,
in his Hifiory of that Court ; the Author of The Holy Inquisition, where
in is represented what is the Religion of the Church of Rome, and how
they are dealt with who diSTent from it, printed at London, 1681 ; and
'various other Proteftant Writers, have with great Accuracy traced, and
with flrong Arguments impugned, the Conftitution, Maxims , and PraBices
oftM terrible Tribunal. Having

viii The-P RE F ACE.
Having thus fully illuftrated the firft Point I propojed, I Jhall detain my
Readers^/ a very little while upon the Second; for as I imagine the
Importance of this Subject is already well made out, fo the Method I pro-^
pofe is fo plain and eajy, that I.canjorefee no ObjeBions to it. In the Firft
Place, I intend to pew the Inflitution, Progrejs, and Settlement of this
Court, in the Jeveral Countries wherein its Authority is, or has been ereBed. •
Secondly, I pall explain the Conflitution, Maxims, and fever al kinds of
Offences, cognizable under this Jurisdiction. Thirdly, I jhall defcribe the
Method of its Proceedings, and its Treatment of Criminals. Fourthly,
J jhall 'collect the Judgments which are given therein, and defcribe the Pu
nishments infiiB'ed thereby. And, Fifthly, Ipalldigeft into as regular a
Series, as the Nature of the Thing will allow, all the remarkable Cafes
which I can poflfibly meet with; and thereby exhibit to the Publick a more
ujeful, as well as more entertaining, Difplay of the Power and Practices of
the I n Qju i s i t i o n, than has hitherto appeared in this, or, I may fay,
in any other Tongue; in as much as the la ft Head/ my Collections is
entirely new, and what no Body, hitherto had thought of; though the great
Variety ^Relations in this kind, which are to be found in Books o/'Hiftory,
Travels, &c . afford me a very ample ProSpect of gratifying my own, and
my Readers Curiofity. I have nothing more to add, but that I Jhall ufe my
utmofl Skill and Diligence, fo to digeft every Thing in the following Sheets,
as to defervethe Encouragement and Approbation of the Publick.

T HE

CONTENTS.

CHAP. I.
OF the Rife of //^'Inquifition, and the Pretences on which' it was
eftabliped. Page u
CHAP. II.
Of the Methods made ufe of for the efiabliping and promoting the Inqui-
fitioni p. 8 ,
CHAP. III.
Offome- Obflacles to the fitting up the Inquisition*- p> 12.
CHAP. IV.
The more Jpeedy -Progrefs of the Inquisition-. p. 16
CH A P. V:
Proceedings againft Apoftolics, Knights Templars, Begnias/&c* p; 23:^
CHAP. VI.
The Jetting up the Inquifition in Poland ; renewing it in France ; the Pro-
fecutions of Wickliffe, Hu.fs,and Jerome of Prague, briefly recited; with
the Eflablipment of the Inquifition in Bohemia, and its Eff'eBs. p. 3 rv
C HAP. VII.
Of tht Eflablipment of the Inquifition in Spain ; firft againft the Moors
and Jews, then againft Heretics j its Power, Method oj Proceeding, Pri-,
vileges, Sec. p;"4?
CHAP. VIIL
Of the Minifters and Officers ofthe Court. p. 60
Of the Inquifitors. • ibid^„
Of the Vicars and Affifiants of the Inquifition; p. 64 ,
Of Affeffors and Coun fellors neceffary to the Office of Inquifition, p. 6 (y
Of the Promotor Fifcal. 9-7°
Of the Notaries of the Inquifition. p. 7 1
Of .the Judge and Receiver ofthe confifcated EffeBs, p. 74
Of the Executor and Officials of the Inquifition. p. 76
Of the Familiars or Attendants. ibid.
Of the Vifitors of the Inquifition. p. 80
Concerning the Duty or Power ofthe- Magiftrate, • ; »'¦ p. 81
Of

The CONTENTS.
Of the Privileges pf the Inquifitors, , -' ~* f^ Page 83
Of the JurifdiBion ofthe Inquifitors. i p. 87
Of the Prifons ofthe Inquifition,- W Keepers of thofe Prifonsr' p. 9*0
Qf the Expences of the Inquifition, and Confifcation of EffeBs applied to
this Ufe. p. 10 1
OJ the Salaries of the Inquifitors and other Officers. p. io'q.
CHAP, IX,
Of Crimes cognizable by this Court : Andfirfl, of Heretics and their Pu-
npments, EccleJiaftical and Civil, ' p. 1 14
Of open and Jecret Heretics. ... p. 127
Of Arch-Heretics. p. 1.3-6
Of the Hinder ers of the Office of the Inquifition, p. 146
Of Polygamifts. p. 160
Of thofe who adminifler the Sacrament of Penance y not being Priefls. p. 162
Of filiating Confejfbrs. p. 164
CHAP. X.
Of Blafphemers. v. 167
C H A P. XI.
Of Diviners, Fortune-Tellers, and Afirologers. . „. _ p. 170
. , CHA P., XII.
Of Witches. " .. > p.-i71
CHA P. XIII.
Of Jews, andfuch as return to JewiSh Rites. _p 188
CHAP. XIV.
Of the Torture. .a'j p. jq*
How the Inquijitor begins his Office. p# 204
CHAP. XV.
Of the Promulgation ofthe EdiB of Faith. p. 2o8
Of the Methods of beginning the Procefs before, the Tribunal ofthe Inqui
fition. p> 2 ^
How the Procefs begins by Way of Inquifition. p. 2.i6
How the Procefs begins by Accufatipn. p. 217
How the Procefs begins by Denunciation. p. 218
Of the Number of the Witneffes. p! 223
Of the Examination of the Witneffes. P* 225
How the .Criminals , when informed, againft, are fent to PrSfon. p. 227 Of

The CONTENTS.
Of the Examination of the Prifoners. Page 231
How the Prifoners are allowed an Advocate, Procurator, and Guardian,
^dnd of the reft of the Proceedings. p. 24 1
.How the Prijoner hath a Copy ofthe Evidence without the Names of the
'Evidence. p. 248
CHA P. XVI.
How' the Articles and Witneffes for the Criminals are examined. p. 255
CHAP. XVII.
Of the Defence ofthe Criminals. p. 2 5 9.
How the Inquifitor maybe rejeBed, p. 266
CHAP. XVIII..
Of the Appeal from the Inquifition. p. 267
CHAP. XIX.
How they proceed againfl fuch who make their Ejcape* p. 269
CH A P. XX.
How the Procefs is ended in the Inquifition. p. 272
CHAP. XXI.
How' the Procefs is ended by Abfolution. p. 276
How the Procefs of a Perfon defamed for Herefy is ended by Canonical
Purgation. p. 277
How'the Procefs is ended by Torture. p. 283
C HA Pv XXII.
How the Procefs is ended againfl a Perfon fufpeBed of Herefy, as alfo
againfl one fufpeBed and defamed.. p. 288
CHAP. XXIII.
The End of a Procefs where the Heretic confeffes^ p. 291
CHAP. XXIV.
Of the Punipment andwholefome Penances enjoined fuch as abjure, p. 297
When and how far any one is to be admitted to Penance. p. 3 12
How the Procejs ends againft a relapfed Penitent. P- 3 15
How the Procejs ends againft an impenitent Heretic, and impenitent Re-*
lapfe. • p, 321
CHAP. XXV.
How the Procefs ends, againft a negative Heretick conviBed.. p. 323
RELATION!.
How an old' Lady in the City of Orfimo,, in the Neighbourhood of Loretto,
was forced to accufe herfelfi her Niece } and Maid, to the Court of the
Inquifition; P-326
RELA.

The CO NTEN TS.
RELA TI O N II, III.
'By the fame Hand. P- 3 2 9> 3 3 3
C H A P. XXVI.
How the Procefs ends againft a fugitive Heretick. p. 33"
C H A P. XXVII.
Of the Method of proceeding againft the Dead. p. 338
RELATION IV.
Of Mark Anthony de Dpminis. . - P- 345
CHAP, XXVIII.
Of the Manner of proceeding againft *Houfes.. • p. 350
R E L A T I O N V.
The Refignation and Retreat ofthe Emperor Charles, and the Sufpicions had
of him notwith (landing his Mortifications. P-351
..RELATION VI.
Of the Defertion qf 'Mr. Louis Rame in the Prifons of the Inquifition, in
the Kingdoms of Mexico and Spain, and of. his happy Deliverance, fent
'by him to Madam de  '— p. 368
The Examination of Louis Rame. p. 3 69
RELATION VII.
Taken from Gavin'i Mafter Key to Popery, who jpeaking of his own Know
ledge, certainly deferves Credit. _ p. 3 94
RELATION VHI.
An AbftraB of Mr. William Lithgow'.? Travels and Sufferings. p. 406
^RELATION IX.
ffhe Origin of the new Set oj Quietifts ; the Profecution of the famous Mo-
linos ; his Condemnation, Imprifonment, and Death. P-4I9
RELATION X,
The Trial and Sufferings of Mr. Ifaac Martin. p. 437
R E L A T I O N XL
The Execution of a general AB of Faith at Madrid, in 1680 j extraBed
from a Pamphlet publijhed there the fame Tear. p -484.
RELATION XII.
Some Account ofthe Inquifition at Goa, and the "Sufferings ofM. Dellon,
extraBed from the Writings of that Author. P-48g
A Difcourfe on the PraBice of the Church in antient Times, with regard
to Heretics. p. C16
A Supplement to, and RefleBions on, the foregoing Difcourfe : Written by
the Author of Illuflrations of the Hiflorical Memoirs, who was a Ro-
manifl alfo. p. C26

THE

HISTORY

OFTHE

INQUISITION-

CHAP. I.
Of the Rife of the Inqjjisition, and the Pretences on which it was
eftabliped.
S the Defign of this Treatife is to give an ample and
exact Account of thofe cruel Proceedings, and bar
barous Executions, by which the very Name of
the Inquifition is become both hateful and terrible,
as well to the moderate and judicious Papifts, as to
Proteftants themfelves ; fo there is a Neceflity of de
ducing Things from their Originals, and of prepa
ring our Readers by a Relation of the Rife, Progrefs,
and Conftitution of this tremenduous Tribunal, for the Recital of the va
rious melancholy and tragical Events, which the Avarice, and other Vices
of its Judges, have occasioned and brought to pafs.
B But

i The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O i\f.
But as we are confcious that fuch Inquiries and Deductions, however
rational in themfelves, or conducive to the Elucidation of Subsequent
Matters, are, notwithstanding, far lefs pleafant and entertaining to the
Generality of Readers, than the Narrations of extraordinary Facts j we
Shall therefore make this Chapter as concife as poflible, and only mention
fuch remarkable Tranfaftions, in refpect to the Infancy of the Inquifition,
as may be fufficient to prove from whence this new Engine of Papal Op-
preflion, and Ecclefiaftical Tyranny, hath acquired fuch a Power, and
by what Degrees Perfecution hath been ftrengthen'd by the Artifices of
the Court of Rome; at firft, by the Afliftance of deluded Princes; but in
latter Times, by bolder and more arbitrary Methods : The Trial of Herefy
being not only taken from the Laity, but alfo wrefted out of the Hands
of the BiShops, andveftedin the Dominican Order, for the Merits of ks
Founder. (,.' f. /;
The entire Sjrtidy and Bctdeivcur of the Popes* ;was tq^cruSh, Jnj[ts
Infancy, every Doctrine that any way oppofed their exorbitant Power.
In the Year 1163, at the Syno& of Tatirfil a'H the Bifhops and Priefts in
the Country of Tholoufe, were commanded to take Care, and to forbid,
•under the P am of ^xcommmica^on, rvery Perfoitffrom prejuming to give
Reception, 'irfbe leaft Afliftance, to tW Followers of this Her ffy, ^hici>firff\
began in the Country o/'Tholouse, whenever they pould be difcovered.
Nor did they a&~with. Ie&-Cr.uelty. againft Hereticks in QrvietcL- ~ P^ter
Parentius, the PrafeB, declared, and that publickly, to a large ASTem-
bly, that whofoever, within ail appointed Day, would come back to the
Church, which never fhuts her Bofom to thofe who return, and obey the
Commands of the Bifhops, Mould obeaiii Pardon arid Favour ; but that
whofoever Should refufe to return-fey the- prefixed Day, Should be Subject
to the Punifhment appointed by the Laws and Canons. But, in the
liidft of his Career, he was.fl.airi by Hesericks. r - ' , • :
About the- Year 1200, Pope Innocent IU. fent to feveral Archbifhops
and Bifhops in Guienne, and other Provinces of France, that they fhould
bariifh the Vafdenfes, PuritanSy aind F aie'rinesf drtim their Territories;
aad ocdera thither the Fnstrs, Reyner and ¦Gxkh,, the Founder of the Order
of Hofpitalleps^ .'to convert Heceticks: And commands the Bifhops, that
thofe who would not be converted, fhould be baffinYhed ; and that they
Should humbly receive, and inviolably obfeuve, whatever Friar Reyner
Should; ordain againft Hereticks, their Favourers and Defenders^ He
commanded alfo the: Princes,. Earls,. -C$c. that thdfer Hereticks, who flaouid
be excommunicated, as; impenitent^ by Friaic Rsyxer, llaauld.be adjudged to

The Hiftory of the I N QV i S I T I O N. 3
to Forfeiture of their Eftates and Banishment ; that if, after this Interdict,
they fhould be found in their Dominions, they fhould proceed more Se
verely with .them, as became Chriftian Princes. He gave, moreover,
.full Power to Reyner'to compel the1 Princes to this Work, under Pain of
Excommunication,- and Inteiditt of their Dominions, without Appeal ;
and commands him- not to delay to publish the Sentence of Excommuni
cation againft the Receivers of excommunicated Hereticks.
Hitherto we have mentioned this Affair as it was managed by the Bi
fhops, widi wlaom the Government and Care of the Churches were in-
trufted, according to the received Decrees of the Church of Rome. But
inasmuch as their Number did not feem Sufficient to that Court, or be-
caufe they were too negligent in this Bufinefs-, and did not proceed with
that Fury againft Hereticks, as the Pope would have had them ; there
fore, that he might put a Stop to the increasing Progrefs of Herefies, and
. more effectually extinguish them, about the Year of .our Lord 12.00, he
founded the Order o£ the Dominicans and Francijcans, that they might
preach againft Herefies. Dominick, and his Followers, were fent into the
Country of Tboloufe, where he preached, with great Vehemence, againft
the Hereticks that were arifen there, from whence his Order hath ob
tained the Name of Preachers, or Predicants. Father Francis, and his
Difjciples, battled it with the Hereticks of Italy : They were both com
manded, by the Pope,, to excite the Catholick Princes and People to ex
tirpate Hereticks; and, in all Places, to enquire out their Number and
Quality, and alfo the Zeal of the Catholicks and Bifhops in their Extir
pation, and to tranfmit a faithful Account to Rome. Hence they were
called Inquifitors. Thefe firft Inquifitors were Dominican Friars, or ofthe
Order, of Predicants ; but tis not fb certain what Year the Inquifition it
felf was introduced. Dominick, as hath heen Said, was fent into the
Country Df Tboloufe, where he lodged in the Houfe of a certain Noble
man, to whom belonged the Houfe of the Inquifition at Tholoufe; and,
finding him fadly infefted with Herefy, Father Dominick, Inquifitor of
the Faith, reduced him to. the Paths of Truth ; upon which, he devoted
-hinafelf and his Houfe i to St. Dominick, -and his Order; which Houfe
Jias ever Since belonged to the Inquifition. From hence we may gather,
that Dominick wias the fif-ft Inquifitor ; and that the Inquifition was firft
introduced at Tholoufe: But as to the Year when, Writers differ; fome
•referring it to -the -Year of Chrift, 12 12 ; others to 120.8 ; and others to
12 15. This Dominick' was born' in 'Spain, ;in thb Village Cafdrqgat.
.His Mother, before She conceived him, is faid'tb;have dreamed that "She
; " B 2 wag

4 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
was with Child of a Whelp, carrying in his Mouth a lighted Torch; and
that, after he was born, he put the World in an Uproar by his fierce
Barkings, and fet it on Fire by the Torch that he carried in his Mouth.
His Followers interpret -this Dream of his Doctrine, by which he en-
lighten'd the whole Worid ; whereas others, if Dreams prefage any thing,
think that the Torch was an Emblem of that Fire and Faggot, by which
an infinite Multitude of Men were burnt to Afhes.
Thefe Inquifitors had no particular Tribunal ; they only enquired after
Hereticks, their Number, Strength, and Riches. Aftet they had de
tected them, they informed the BiShops, who then had the fole Power of
judging in Ecclefiaftical Affairs, earneftly exciting them to anathematize,
and otherwife punifh, the Hereticks they had difcovered to them. They
Stirred up both Princes and their People to take Arms againft Hereticks;
all who engaged in this Work, they figned with the Crofs, and encou
raged in their Expeditions. Dominick, who was of a bloody fiery Tem
per, that he might effectually extirpate Herefy, invented a Method, -
whereby, under the Appearance of Mercy and ForgiveneSs, he executed
the greateft Cruelties, and glutted his furious Revenge : For Excommuni
cation being, at that Time, a Thing of all others the moft dreaded,
he, under the Mafque of taking off that, and reftoring Penitents to the
Communion ofthe Church, inflicted the moft excruciating Punifhments,
veil'd only by the gentle Appellation of Penance. As this Artifice is yet
practifed by the Inquifition^ and as fome Doubt may arife, whether, in
this Refpect they tread exactly in the Steps of their Founder, I will ven
ture to add a Refcript of St. Dominick 's own, on this very Head, where
by the Mercy and Tendernefs of that celebrated Saint, and the Likenefs
between his Spirit, and that which appears in the Proceedings of the Hoh
Office at this Day, will be manifestly Shewn: And I the rather infert it
becaufe I promife my felf, that it will not prove unentertaining to my
Readers, and becaufe I have not found it in Limborch's accurate Work
on this Subject.
" Brother Dominick, the leaft of Preachers, to all C h r i s t's faithful
" People, tp .whom thefe Prefents Shall. come, Greeting in the Lord:
" By the Authority ofthe Cifiertian Abbot, who hath appointed us this
" Office^ We have reconciled the Bearer of thefe Prefents, Pontius
" Rogerius, convened by G o d 's BlefTing from his heretical SeB, char-
«* gingand requiring him, by the Oath which he hath taken, that three
11 Sundays, or three Feftival Days, he be led by a Prieft., naked from
" his Shoulders down to his Drawers, from the coming into the Town.
" unto

77* Hiftory of the INQUISITION. f
" unto the Church Doors, being whipt all the Way. We alfo enjoin him,
" that he abftain at all Time from Meat, Eggs, Cheefe, and all Things
" that proceed from Flefh, except on the Days of Eafier, Whitfontide,
" and Chriflmas ; on which Days, We command him to eat Flefh, for a
" Denial of his former Error. We will that he keep three Lents in one
" Year, abftaining even from Fifh : And that he faft three Days every
" Week always, refraining from Fifh, Oil, and Wine, except bodily
" Infirmity, or hard Labour in Harveft-Time, require a Difpenfation.
." We will have him wear Friars Coats, with two fmall Croffes fewn on
" his two Breafts. Let him every Day hear A/iz/i, if Opportunity may
" ferve, and on Holy Days let him go to Vefpers to Church. He Shall
" obferve all the other canonical Hours, by Day and by Night, where-
" ever he be, and Shall then fay his Orifons ; that is, feven times a Day he
" Shall fay ten Pater-Noflers together, and twenty at Midnight. Let
" him altogether abftain from his Wife ; and, every firft Day of the
" Month, let him Shew thefe Our Letters to the Curate of the Town of
" Cererim, whom We command to obferve diligently what kind of Life
" this Bearer leads : Whom, if he fhould neglect to obferve thefe Our
'* Injunctions, We declare to be perjured, and excommunicated, and will
*' have him taken for fuch, &c."
The Pope's principal Care was to expel them from the Country of
Tboloufe, where the Albigenfes were very numerous. He was perpetually
preflmg Raymond, Earl of Tboloufe, to baniSh them from his Dominions ;
and, when he could not prevail with him, either to drive out fo large a
Number of Men, or to perfecute them, he order'd him to be excommu
nicated, as a Favourer of Hereticks. He alfo fent his Legate with Let
ters to many ofthe Prelates, commanding them to make Inquifition againft
the heretical Albigenfes in France, and to deftroy them, and convert their
Favourers. He wrote to Philip King of France, that he fhould ufe his
utmoft Force to fupprefs them ; leaft it might, in cafe he neglected to do
it, caufe a Sufpiclon of his being tainted with their Herefies. With the
Pope's Legate, there came alfo twelve Abbots of the Cifiertian Order,
preaching the Crojs againft the Albigenfes, and promifing, by the Autho
rity of Innocent, a plenary Remiffion of all Sins, to all who took on them
the Crufade. To thefe Dominick joined himfelf, and, as we have rela
ted, invented, in that Expedition, the Inquifition. The Roman Pontiffs.
had appointed this kind of War, which they called Holy, againft the
Infidels : and Saracens, for the Recovery of the Holy Land ; and becaufe
all who lifted themfelyes in that Service wore the. Sign of the Crojs near
their

€ The Hiftory of the I N QU IS IT I O N.
* their Shoulders, they were called Crofs-Bearers. It was alfo order'd to
be proclaimed, that all who would enter into this holy War, or pioufly
contribute any Money for the Pay of the Soldiers* being confeffed and
penitent, according to the Methods fixed try the Divines, Should obtain
a full Indulgence and RemiSlion of their Sins, and be abfolved from the
Sentences of Interdict, Sufpenfiou, and Excommunication ; and efpecially
from thofe they had incurred by firing or breaking into Churches, or by
laying violent Hands on Ecclefiafticks, and al| other Offences.; except the
Crime was fo enormous, that they could not receive Abfolution but im
mediately from the Apoftolick See; befides a great many other Ad van-
stages, which drew Multitudes to engage chearfully in them, upon the
Belief that they could, in fo eafy a manner, attone for their Sins. But
now the Popes turned thefe Expeditions againft the Chriftians themfelves,
whom they loaded with the infamous Name oi Hereticks, .only becaufe
they were Enemies to their See, and the exorbitant Power of it. Some
of thefe Crofs-Bearers Dominick fent into the Country oi Tboloufe againft
the Albigenfes, to overcome thofe Hereticks by the material Sword, •whorri,
. he could not cut off by the Sword of the Word of G o d. For this Fra
ternity Dominick framed certain Constitutions, by which , they were to
preferve and govern themfelves. The firft was, that Such who entered
into this Warfare, Should take a folemn Oath, that, in Defence ofthe
Ecclefiaftical Effects, they would expofe themfelves, and their own
Eftates, and take up Arms, as often as they Should be called to it by the
Prelate of the War, who, at that Time, was Dominick, and afterwards
the Maflers General oi she Dominican Order. Dominick farther exacted
an Oath from the Wives of thefe Crofs-Bearers, that they would not per-
fwade their Husbands to forfake tTiis War, and promifed them eternal
Life for fo holy a Service. And, to diftinguifh them' from other Laicks,
he order'd, that both the Men and their Wives Should wear Garments of
White and Black, though they differed as to their Make. The Wives
.of thofe who were flain in the Expedition, promifed they would never
marry again. This kind of Warfare was, at -that Time, very accepta
ble; great Numbers enter'd into it, that, by the Slaughter oi Hereticks,
and the Plunder of their Goods, they might march away to Heaven.
The Pope, finding his Orders neglected by Raymond, Earl of Tboloufe,
excommunicated him, as a Defender of Hereticks, and abfolved his Sub-
jedts from their Allegiance ; giving Power to all Catholicks, not only to
act againft his Perfon, but to feize and detain his Country. The Earl,
;frighten'd by this Sentence, and more fo, by the terrible Expedition of
the

The Hiiloty ofthe INQUISITION. 7
the Crofs-Bearers againfl him, was forced to promife Obedience to the
Church, and defire to be reconciled thereto; but could not obtain this
Favour, till he had delivered up to the Legate feven Cables, by way of
Security for hisfuture Behaviour, and fubmitted to be fcourged in the
Church of St. Agde. This Sentence was performed with fo much Seve
rity, that his Body was torn and Swelled to fuch a Degree, that it was
impofiibfe to put on his Clothes, but he was obliged to return naked.
He was alfo ferved in the fame manner at the Sepulchre of St. Peter the
Martyr, at New Caftres, whom the Earl had caufed to be flain.
In the Year 1209, Biterre was taken by the Crofi-Bearers, and all its
Inhabitants, without Distinction of Age or Sex, put to the Sword ; but a
Difpute arifing, left the Catholicks, of which there were many in that City,
fhould be frain, or the Hereticks feign themfelves to be Catholicks ; Arnold,
Abbot oiCifteaux, made Anfwer, Slay them all, for the Lord knows who
are his. But as it is not our Intent to write the Hiftory of the Albigenfes ;
farther than is abfolutely neceflary to Shew the Progrefs ofthe Inquifition, we
fhall not recite the abominable Cruelties exercifed by the Crofs-Bearers,
whef ei-ever they obtained theVitfory, any farther than relates to Tboloufe only.
Earl Raymond, hearing the mighty Succefs of the Crofs-Bearers, un
der the Command of Simon Montfort, refolved to defend himfelf and
his Country j and for this Purpofe he raifed a great Army, having Forces
fent him from the Kings of England and Arragon, to whom he was rela
ted. But this Army was defeated, with a cruel Slaughter, and the Earl,
with his Son, driven out of his Dominions : Yet in the Year 1215, Ray
mond his Son, with the Help of auxiliary Forces, made War on Mont
fort, and recovered Part of his Dominions, amongft which was the City
of Tboloufe ; which Montfort endeavouring to retake, was kill'd by the
Blow of a Stone, and thereby the City delivered from the Siege. Thus
1?<^#&£ recovered by Arms his Father's Earldom, who died in the Year
122 1, and was Succeeded by this Son, who could not obtain, with all
his Endeavours, a Chriftian Burial for his Father. Yet, fbon after, he
found Means: to banifh the Inquifition from Tboloufe; for which Pope
Honorius III. Commanded the Dominicans to- proclaim an Holy War, to
fee called the Penance War againft Hereticks. He alfo exhorted Lewis
King of France to take Arms againft the Albigenfes, in this manner, 'Tis
tbe Command of Gob. The French King accordingly undertook the
Expedition, and, with a large Army, fate down before Avignon, which
was valiantly defended by Earl Raymond. At this Siege fell many of the
;greatefl- Captains in the French Army j and, at- length, the Dyfentry fwept

8 The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I TION.;
fwept away ftill greater Numbers; and among them the King himfelf;
whofe Death was very carefully concealed by the Pope's Legate, But
this crafty Prieft, perceiving that Avignon could not be fubdued by Force,
prevailed on the Inhabitants, under the Security of an Oath, to admit
him, and fome of her Prelates, in order for them to fee whether the Cry
of Herefy (as he phrafed it) which was come up to the Pope, were as
true as it was great. But the French, as the Legateh&A. perfidioufly con
trived, enter'd at the Gate opened for the Prelates, and feized the City,
which they immediately plunder'd, killing many of the Inhabitants, and
binding the Refidue in Chains. After Avignon was thus treacheroufly ta
ken, they bent all their Forces againft Tfhohufe. That City fuftained
the Siege for a long time, Earl Raymond omitting nothing that became the
moft violent Commander ; yet at laft it was forced to furrender, and
that unhappy brave Man, after feveral Conferences, was obliged to go to
Paris, where, on very hard Terms, at length he obtained Peace. By
way of Penance, he was led to the high Altar, bare-foot, in his Shirt and
Trowzes, and there abfolved from his Sentence of Excommunication, af
ter having made a Solemn Promife to perfecute Hereticks; which Pro-
mife the holy Fathers took Care to make him perform.

C H A P. II.
Of the Methods made Ufe of for eftablijlnng and promoting the
Inquisition.
TH E Pope laboured now with all his Might to confer a greater
Power on the Inquifitors, and to eftablifh for them a Tribunal, in
which they might fit, and pronounce Sentence on Herefy and Hereticks^
as Judges delegated from himfelf, and reprefenting his Perfon. But to
this there were, in the Beginning, great Obftacles ; the People not eafily
admitting that new Tribunal, rightly judging, that great Numbers would
be deitroy'd by the Informations of the Inquifitors : So that they were
very ill looked on by all, even before they had obtained the Power of
judging ; for the Magiftrates, and wifer Part of the People, forefaw what
muft happen, upon their being invefted with fuch an Authority; and
were far from thinking it fafe, that their Fortunes and Lives, and thofe of

77* Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 9
of their Fellow-Citizens, fhould be expofed to the Pleafure of the
Pope's Emiffaries, and that they fhould be made obnoxious to their
Tyranny. In the Year 1230, Pope Gregory IX. ordered the Book of Decretals
to be publifhed, into which he collected all the Laws of the Councils and
Popes againft Hereticks. Afterwards Boniface VIII. caufed a fixth Book
of Decretals to be wrote ; and posterior to thefe, were added the Clemen
tines and the Extravagantes, made on various Occafions, that the Inqui
fitors might want nothing for the full Exercife of their Office. As the
Valdenfes had ftol'n into Arragon and Navarre, chiefly from the Neigh
bourhood oiLanguedoc, there was a Synod held at Tarracona, in the Year
1 240 ; in which there were many Things enacted concerning Hereticks,
and their Punifhments. The Emperor Frederick II. put forth many Laws
againft Hereticks, and their Abettors, at Padua, by which he greatly
promoted the Inquifition. In the firft he ordains, that thofe Hereticks,
who were committed by the Church to the Secular Court, fhould be
put to Death without Mercy ; that Converts through Fear of Death
fhould be imprifoned ; that Hereticks, with their Accomplices, where-
ever they were found, fhould be kept in Cuftody till they were punished
according to the Sentence of the Church ; that Perfons convicted of He
refy, who had fled to other Places, fhould be taken up ; fuch as were re-
lapfed, punifhed with Death; Hereticks, and their Favourers, fhould be
deprived of the Benefit of Appeal ; and their Pofterity, to the fecond Ge
neration, fhould be incapable of all Benefices and Offices ; but that their
Heirs fhould be indemnified if they difcovered their Parents Wickednefs :
And laftly, he takes under his imperial Protection the Predicant Friars,
deputed for the Faith againft Hereticks. In his fecond Edict, after ex-
preffing great Abhorrence of the Crime of Herefy, he commands all im
penitent Hereticks to be burnt with Fire, and the Favourers of the Pa-
terenes to be banifhed. In his third, he deprives the Children of Here
ticks of their Honours, unlefs any of them fhould difcover one of the Sect
ofthe Paterenes. His fourth condemns all fufpected Perfons as Hereticks,
if they do not purge themfelves within a Year; commands his Officials to
exterminate Hereticks from all Places fubject to them ; orders that the
Lands of the Barons fhall be feized by the Catholicks, if they do not
cleanfe them from Hereticks within a Year after proper Admonition ;
and ordains many Punifhments againft the Abettors of Herefy, and moft
fevere ones againft all who apoftatize from the Faith.
C la

10 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
In the Year 123 1, in the Month of February, fome of the Paterenes
were difcovered in the City of Rome: Thofe of them who were impeni
tent, were burnt alive ; others were fent to the Church of Monte Cafino,
to be there kept till they recanted. The Pope and Roman "Seriate made
alfo fevereLaws againft Hereticks; and, becaufe the Milaneje was moft
infected with Herefy, Frederick, by an Edict,- commanded all conviBed
of that Crime to be deliver' d over to the Flames, or their Tongues to be cut
out, if the keeping them alive would prove a Terror to others. This very
Year, Pope Gregory IX. gave a famous Inftance of his Tyranny and In-
juftice. Ezelinus, Lord of Padua, and Vaffal of the Emperor Frederick^
conftantly adhered to his Mafter, and faithfully took the Emperor's Part
againft the Fadtion ofthe Pope. On this, the Pope endeavoured to ren
der him infamous, by the Charge of Herefy; that, under this Specious
Pretence, he; might expel him his Dominions : But, as he failed in this,-
he Stirred up his Children againft him 5 that, being dehvered by them in
to his Power, he might ptinifh him? as he pleafed-. In order to this, he
fent Letters to -Ezelinus-, befeeehing him to take better Meafures, and
admonishing him to renounce his Errors. A Copy of thefe Letters he fent
to his two Sonsi young Ezeline and Alterick, who prfetended to abhor
their Father's Wickednefs ; and promifed Gregory, of their own Accord,,
that they would deliver their miferable Father into the Hands of the Gen-
fors of the Faith, if he perfifted obftinate-ly in his Wickednefs, that they
might not lofe the Inheritance of their Anceftors. Upon this, the Pope
gave them to underftand, that he deferred coming to Extremities againft
their Father for their fake, whom he believed ftill to continue in the true
Worfhip of G o d, that they might -n&t be involved in his Misfortunes;
for (fays he) the Crime of Herefy, like that of High Treafon, disinhe
rits the Children. Then he befeeches, and commands them, that they
would ufe all poffible Means to deter their Father from Herefy, and the
Protection of Hereticks; but, if he defpifed their Admonitions, they
would confult their own Safety, by fending him, as they had promifed,
before the Pope's Tribunal.'/ ' ; ; ' n
In 1232, the Inquififibri was brought into Arragon. The Bi'fhop of
Hyefca in Arrag on was reported to err in Matters of Faith*; upon this,
Gregory committed the Office of making Inquifition againft him to Friar
Peter Caderite, ofthe Predicant Order ; and commanded James King of
the Arrdgons;tha.t he Should' not -Suffer him, or thofe -whofe Advice or Coun-
fel he fhould think fit to make ufe of, to be injured^ any Mearis 'what
soever : And, that he rnight entirely extirpate Herefy out of the Province cf

r^Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. ii
of Tarracon, he gave Commiffion to the Archbifliop of Tarracon, and his .
Suffragans, to constitute Inquifitors againft heretical Pravity, of the Order
of Predicants.
In France there were not wanting fome who Stirred up the Remains
of the Albigenfes ; fo that the Papifts fay, they very grievoufly oppreffed
the Inquifitors, aftd Other Perfons, appointed by the Apoftolick See for
the Diredtion and Defence ofthe Catholick Faith. Gregory excited King
Lenvis againft them, and advifed him to join with the Archbifhop of
Vienne, fome Perfon famous for his Wifdom and Juftice, who might
know what pertained to the Ecclefiaftick Right, what to the Royal, and
what to the Rights of others. He alfo exhorted Blanche the Queen to
perfwade her Son to perfect fo righteous a Work. The fame Year, after
great Struggling, the Inquifition was brought again into Tboloufe, upon the
firft Day of the Feftival of Dominick, but not without a great Tumult of
the People, raifed by a feditious Sermon of a filly Monk, upon Occafion.
of the Death of a certain Matron of Tboloufe, who lived neaf the Convent
of the Predicants, and had been hereticated before fhe died. However,
the Inquifitors were, the Year following, ejected from Tboloufe, but were
afterwards reftored again.
It can't be doubted that the Office of the delegated Inquifition was, in
thefe Times, introduced into Italy, becaufe the Inhabitants of Placentia
drove out from their City Friar Rowland the Inquifitor, in the Year 1234.
In 1235, June 17, Pope Gregory commanded theBifhop oiHyefca, the
Prior of Barcelona, and Friar William Barbarano, a Predicant, that they
fhould not fuffer the Office, by any Means, to relax, but fhould make
Inquifition againft Hereticks in the Province of Tarracon, and proceed ac
cording to the Canons. He alfo appointed Friar Robert, a Predicant,
Inquifitor-General againft Hereticks in the whole Kingdom of France $
and commanded him fo to proceed in the Caufes committed to him, as
that the Innocent fhould not perifh, and that Iniquity fhould not remain.
unpunished.

C 2 CHAP.

ii The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
CHAP. III.
Of fome Obftacles to the fitting up the I n qjj i s i t i o n.
NOtwithftanding the Pope perpetually preffed the Inquifition, yet it
was with great Difficulty admitted. The Novelty of the. Tribu
nal, by which the Laity were excluded wholly from all Judgment againft
Hereticks, greatly offended Men. They were, indeed, willing to leave
the Ecclefiafticks the Affair of Dodrine, to judge what was orthodox
and what heretical. But they contended that the Judgment of their Per
fons belonged to them, viz. to determine whether any Perfon profeffed
any Opinion condemned by the common Judgment of the Clergy, and
fo became an Heretick ; and efpecially they believed that it belonged to
their Tribunal to pronounce Sentence againft the Guilty ; whereas they
now found themfelves wholly excluded from all Share in it by this new
Tribunal, which the Pope was endeavouring every where to erect. AH
the Power left the Secular Magistrate was only to put to Death thofe who
were condemned by the Ecclefiafticks for Herefy ; whereby he became a
mere Slave to the Inquifitors, as being obliged to execute their Sentence
with a blind Obedience, without Cognizance of the Crime. This was
the Cafe even of fome, who were otherwife zealous Defenders of the pa
pal Authority. Among others, Lewis King of France made a Law, by
which he commanded, that his Subjects, when cited before the Eccle
fiaftical Tribunals, Should not appear to plead their Caufe ; and that if
they were cenfiired for Contumacy, the Goods of thofe who had paffed
that Cenfure Should be feized by the Civil Magistrates, till it was re
called. The Pope thought this Law unjuft, and injurious to the prelati-
cal Authority : And therefore, that their Power might not be wholly
fiippreffedby this Law, he fent Letters to the King; in which he fet be
fore him the Examples oi Charles the Great, Tbeodofius and Valentine the
Emperors, who had greatly enlarged the Power of the Bifhops, and yet.
not obfcured the Glory of their own Majefty, but rather increafed it ; and
admonished him to repeal thofe Laws, which were contrary to Ecclefiafti
cal Liberty. He then put him in mind of the Sentence pronounced by
Honorius; by which the Makers'; of fuch 'Laws expofed themfelves to
Anathema's, unlefs they repealed them witiiin two Months. The King
who folicited the Title of the obedient Son of tbe Church, yielded to the
papal Severity ; and was intreated, by Gregory, that he would finifh the
Work

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 13
Work of cutting off all the Remains of Herefy in the Province of Tbo
loufe, and compel Earl Raymond to perform his Promife. The Earl had
bound himfelf, by an Oath, to extirpate Herefy, and to lead an Army
into the Holy Land, when he was at Paris, and had made Peace with
the French King and the Church : But as there happen'd a Tumult at
Tboloufe againft the Cenfors of the Faith, raifed by thofe who were fa id
to be infected with Herefy, and as there was not an immediate Stop put
to it upon its firft Beginning, the Earl feemed to have broke his Promife,
and to cherifh Hereticks, becaufe he did not reftrain their Fury.
The Pope gave frefh Instructions to his Legate on this Affair, and or
der'd him "to renew the Tboloufe Statutes, to reject all the Edicts and
Laws which infringed the Ecclefiaftical Liberty, to remove from the
publick Councils all fufpected,. or defamed of Herefy : And, by other
Letters, he was order'd to caufe all theHoufes of the Tboloufe Hereticks to
be demolished. He alfo moft earneftly entreated the French King, that
he would ufe the Power committed to him by God, to compel the Earl
and Confuls of Tboloufe to amend the aforefaid Crimes, and do his utmoft
to extirpate Herefy. Then he. admonished him to force the Earl to go to
Jerufalem the next March, and fend his own Brother Alphonfus, to
whom Raymond's Daughter had been betrothed, to administer the Affairs
of the Earldom of Tboloufe.
The Tribunal ofthe Inquifition was not only hateful to the People, by
reafon of its Novelty, but becaufe the Inqujfitors themfelves render 'd ic
hateful by their exceffive Cruelty. Amongft thefe, one Friar Robert
was not the leaft. He was firnamed Bulgarus, becaufe he had cruelly
perfecuted and deliver'd over to the Fire the Valdenfes, then called Bulga
rians ; or, according to others, becaufe he himfelf had been a Bulgarian,
and, upon his forfeiting them, had enter'd into the Order of the Domi
nicans. He was Inquifitor of the Faith in the Netherlands and France ;
a Man of an auftere Temper, fupported by the Royal Authority oi Lewis,
who commanded him to burn many who were infected with Herefy.
But when afterwards the faid Friar, (according to Matt. Paris) in the
Year 1236, abufed the Authority given him, and tranfgreffed the Bounds
©f Modefty and Juftice, growing haughty, powerful, and terrible, eon-f
demning to the fame Punifhment the Innocent, as well as the Guilty, he
was put out of his Office by the Pope's Order, and Shut up in . perpetual
Imprifonment. Afterwards, Fulco exercifed the fame Severity in Lan-
guedoc ; upon account of whofe exceffive Cruelty, Philip the Friar fent,
in the Year 127 iy certain Perfons to enquire into his Mismanagement ;
and

14 The HikoryiofJhe INQUISITION.
and order'd, that, for the future, thofe who were fufpected of Herefy;
fhould be put into the Royal Prifons at Tholoufe; and that the King's Sub
jects Should not be detained by the Inquisitor's Decree, without the Bi-
fhop's Advice firft hadj and the Afliftance of the Royal Senefchal. It
would have been well if thefe two Perfons only had exceeded the Bounds
of juft Judgment ; but, in reality, this was the Fault of moft of them :
And therefore, that the Minds of Men might not be too much exafpera-
ted, they added fome ofthe Order ofthe Friars Minors to the Predicants;
by their Gentlenefs to temper the others Rigour. This was actually done
in the Year 1238.
Indeed, this Tribunal of the Inquifition was the fitteft Method in the
World for Perfons to opprefs their Enemies, under the Pretence that they
were infected with Herefy, and was abufed to this Purpofe by political
Men, as well as Ecclefiafticks. The Emperor Frederick was greedy of
Revenge, and ufed, by various Pretences and Subordinations of Crimes,
to rage againft thofe whom he inwardly hated. To this Purpofe, he
pretended great Zeal to cut off Hereticks ; and appointed that, in all the
Provinces and Places of Note, there fhould be a judge, together with a
Prelate, to take Cognizance of the Examination of Perfons by Torture ;
and, for this pious Precaution, as it appeared, he was commended by
Pope Gregory. But he improved this to gratify his Revenge, caufing ma
ny innocent Catholicks, who had incurred his Dafpleafure, to be accufed
of Herefy, and burnt alive, tf)' the great Grief and Offence of all ; info-
much that Gregory gravely admonifhed him, that he fhould endeavour to
extirpate Herefy, and not deftroy Catholicks. Yet the Roman Pontiffs
did much more infolently abufe their Power ; for they were not afraid to
brand with the Name of Herefy, and to proceed againft, as Hereticks,
Kings and Princes, nay, even the Emperor' himfelf, if they would not
own their unbounded Power, and do every Thing according to their Beck.
Of this we have a famous Inftance in the Emperor Frederick : He had
made very fevere Laws againft Hereticks, greatly increafed the Authority
of the Inquifition ; and, in the Year 1236, having found fome Perfons
at Palence infected with Herefy, he order'd eternal Marks of Infamy to
be imprinted on their Faces with a red hot Iron. And yet he could not
efcape the Pontiffs Thunder ; for j in the Year 1239, Pope Gregory pro*
nounced the Sentence of Excommunication againft him, and abfolved
all his Subjects from the Obligation of any Duty or Oath they were under
to him. Frederick gave an abundant Anfwer, and purged himfelf of the,
.Crimes -objected to him in this Sentence, in which there was no mention of

77f*Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION, it
of Herefy. But the Pope fent Letters to all the Prelates, and to the
Chriftian Kings and Princes, in which he charged him with variou-
Herefies. - ,
The Imperial Power thus infidted, no one will wonder that the like
Procefs fhould be carried on againft Ezeline, Lord of Padua, and zea-
loufly attach'd to the Emperor's Party: For, in the Year 1248, the fame
Pope Innocent pronounced the Ecclefiaftical Cenfures againft him on the
Day ofthe Feftival ofthe holy Sacrament. He had appointed Inquifitors
ofthe Faith againft him before, becaufe he had been afperfed with the
Reptttt of Herefy. In order to refute the Charge, he fent MeSfengers to
Rome, who bound themfelves by a folemn' Oath, in the Name of Ccefdr,
to declare, that his Sentiments were right concerning the Catholick Faith.
But as that Purgation was not allowed of by the Bifhop of Sabine, who
was appointed to take the Report of the Meffengers j nor by the Pope him
felf, becaufe, as he pretended, the Importance of the Affair required the
guilty Perfon to be prefent, he fixed him the Calends of Auguft for the
Day in which he was to clear himfelf, and, according to the Papal Man
ner, provided for his Security ; hereby demonftrating, that he muft en
tertain no Hopes of Reconciliation, unlefs he would, in all Things, Sub
ject himfelf to the Beck and Pleafure ofthe Pope, and own him as Su
preme Judge m! all Caufes Whatfover. But as Ezeline did not appear, the
Pope, in the Year 125 1, deputed the Bifhop of ' Trevifo, and the Prior of
¦the- Predicants at Mantua^ to let him know that he Should be Subject to
all the Pun iihments ordained againft Hereticks, unlefs he appear'd before
the Holy See within the next Calends of Auguft, and fubmitted himfelf
.to receive his Commands :r That if he refufed to appear, they fhould pub-
• lickly declare, that. he was to be avoided by all, .as one defiled with He
refy, that his Body might be feized .oa, his Goods plunder'd, and that
: an Army of Crofs-Bearerv Should be fent againft him, and his Followers.
This Procefs lafted fome Time before the Pope pronounced the long
intended Sentence. At length, in the Year 1254, on the Day of the
-Feftival of the Sacrament, Ezeline was condemned for Herefy, and fub-
jedted by the , -moft bitter. Sentence againft him, published by Innocent
himfelf, to all the Punishments of Hereticks; in which Sentence, he was
charged with horrid Crimes. The Pope alfo commanded all the Pre
dates, that they Should publish the'Condemnation of Ezeline for Herefy;
and punifh all who adhered to him, with the Punifhments ordained
1 againft the Followers of Hereticks. There are. extant alfo the Pope's
-Letters, upon the' fame Subkct, to Alberk his Brpther 5 by which he gave him

1 6 The Hiftory of th* I N QU IS IT I O N.
him all his Brother's Effects, whom he had condemned to the Punifh
ments of Hereticks, and confirmed the Sentence oi William King of the
Romans ; by which, he condemned him for Rebellion, and deprived him
of all his Lands that were fubject to the Empire.
Raymond Earl oi Tboloufe, being quite oppreffed with the feveral Mis
fortunes we have before related, fubmitted his Neck to the Papal Yoke j
for he Signified to the Pope, that he defired that heretical Pravity might
be quite deftroy'd, and wholly extirpated out of his Dominions. The
Pope highly extolled him for fo pious a Zeal ; and, to oblige him, (as he
fays) commanded the Bifhop of Agen to make Inquifition after, and pu-
nifhthe Hereticks oi Tboloufe: But he, did not long fUrvive it, dying in
the Year 1249 ; and was the laft Earl of Tboloufe oi that Line. After his
Death, the Earldom went to his Son-inrLaw, the Earl of PoiBiers ; and
he dying without Iffue, it devolved to the Kings oi France.

CHAP. IV.
The more Jpeedy Progress ofthe Inqjiisition.
TH E Pope had thus far laboured hard in promoting the Affair ©f
the Inquifition. But as there were perpetual Quarrels between the
Popes and the Emperor, the Pope's Succefs was not anfwerable to his
Wi'fhes, as being more intent upon promoting War, than enquiring into,
and judging of Herefies. But, after the Death of the Emperor Frede
rick, the Affairs of Germany being in great Diforder, and Italy without
any Prince ; Pope Innocent IV. feeing all Things become fubject to his
Power, in the Milaneze and other Parts of Italy, determined to extirpate
all Herefies, which had greatly encreafed in the preceding War : And,
becaufe the Dominican and Francifcan Friars had greatly aflifted the Pope
againft Hereticks, and were animated with a fiery Zeal, he committed
this Affair to them, rather than to any others whatfoever. He therefore
erected a Tribunal, folely for the Bufinefs of the Faith ; and gave to the
Inquifitors perpetual Power to adminifter Judgment in his Name in this
Caufe. His firft and principal Care was to purge Italy from Herefy, which
was neareft to himfelf, and moftly fubjeft to his Power s and therefore he

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 17
he erected feveral Tribunals of the Inquifition therein. In the Year 1251,
he created Vivianus Bcrgomenjis, and Peter of Verona, both Friars Predi
cant, Inquifitors of the Faith in Milan, and gave them thefe Letters, in
which he taxes even the Emperor Frederick, as a Favourer of Herefy.
This Peter of Verona appointed, that amongft other Statutes of the
Republick of Milan, many alfo fliould be made and obferved againft
heretical Pravity. But as he was going from Como to Milan, Anno 1252,
to extirpate Herefy, a certain Believer of Hereticks attack'd him in his
Journey, and difpatch'd him with many Wounds. He was canoniz'd af
ter his Death by Alexander IV. and is worfhipped as a Martyr by the
Dominicans, whom, next to Dominick, they efteem as the Patron and
Prince of the Holy Office ofthe Inquifition ; fince he was the firft who
confeorated it by his Blood. The Ministers alfo of the Inquifition, whom
they call in Italy Crofs-Bearers, are, from him, called Co-Brothers of
Peter the Martyr; and, in the very Enfigns of this Office, he is painted
as a Martyr, and Protector of this facred Tribunal, with a filken Crofs,
of a red Colour, interwoven with Gold, as the Emblem of his Martyr
dom. But, left the Pope fhould feem wholly to deprive Bifhops of the
Power of judging concerning the Faith, which hitherto had been wholly
lodged with them, he appointed, that a BiShop, with the Inquifitor ;
Should be Judges in this Tribunal : But the Bifhop was admitted only for
Form's fake. The whole Power of judging lay wholly in the Inquifitor.
and, that there might be fome Shew of Authority left to the Civil Ma
gistrates, who, by the laft Laws of Frederick, had the Power of pronoun
cing Sentence upon Hereticks, he allowed them to appoint Ministers of
the Inquifition, but fuch only as were nominated by the Inquifitors ; and to
depute one of their Number, nominated alfo by the Inquifitor, to vifit with
him theTerritory committed to him ; and a Power of claiming the third Part
ofthe confifcated Goods; together with fome other Things of the like
Nature, by which the fecular Magiftrate feemed, indeed, to be admitted
as a Companion of the Inquifitors, but was, in reality, rendcr'd their
Slave and Tool ; for he was obliged, at the Command of the Inquifitor,
to apprehend any one, and to imprifon him, wherever the Inquifitors
pleafed. He was alfo under an Oath to expel from his Family, and
not to admit into any Office, any that fhould be adjudged Hereticks by
the Inquifitors Sentences; and, if any of his Number aflifted the Inqui
fitors, they were put under an Oath of Secrecy. From all which 'tis
manifeft, that the Magistrates were not the Companions of the Inquifitors
D in

1 8 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I ON.
in that Tribunal, but only their Slaves and Tools. The Pope alfo or
dained, that all Perfons Should pay towards the Charges of the Jails, Im-
prifonfnents, and Support of thofe who were confined.
' By this Means, the Office of making Inquifition againft Hereticks,
was, in divers Places oi Italy, committed' both to the Minors and Predi
cant Friars: But, leaft their mutual Power, and the neighbouring Juris
diction ofthe Placed, fhould create Confufion, or raife Difputes about
their respective Bounds, the Pope re-called all the Commiflibns that had
been granted in the Affair of the Faith ; and divided, in an exact Propor
tion, to each Order, the feveral Parts of Italy. . The Friars Minors, he
appointed in the City of Rome, .throughout Tufcany, in the Patrimony of
it. Peter, the Dutchy of ' Spolettd, Campania, Maretamp and Romania.
To the Predicants, he 'affigned Lombardy, Romaniola, the Marquifate
of Tarvifino, and Genova. After this, the Pope prefcribed thirty one Ar
ticles to the Magiftrates, Judges, and People of the .three Countries,
which he had fubjected to the Jurifdi&ioh of the Predicants, \y)\ich he
commanded to be exactly obferved, and' register a amongft the; publick
Records ; and gave Power to the Inquifitors to put under r Excommunica
tion and Interdict, all who refuted to obferve them. Armed with this
Power, they fometimes very infolently abufed it, and attempted to intro
duce into other Countries what the Pope had order'd only for dipfe that
he had put under their particular Jurisdiction. Upon this Account, j in
the Year 1255, there was a great Quarrel between} Anfelm, a Predicant
Friar in the Milaneze, and the Magistrate oiGe,nqva. The Friar endea
voured, that fome Constitutions made againft Hereticks, both by the
Apoftolick See, and the Imperial Power, fhould be publifhed, and repo-
fitid amongft the Laws of the City. But Philip Turrianus, Prefedt: of
th; Cky, refufed it, either becaufe he favoured Hereticks, or defpifed the
Commands ofthe Inquifitor. Upon this, the Friar, fupported. by the
Apoftolick Authority, proceeded againft Philip, as fufpected of Herefy ;
and, becaufe he refufed to obey and appear, excommunicated him, and
all his Companions in the Government, as Accomplices in the Crime ;
and interdicted the City from all holy Services. Philip, under that'Cen-
fure, appealed to the Apoftolick See ; and fent Ambafladors to the Pope,
to entreat a Sufpenflon of the Cenfures, and to wait for the Determina
tion of the whole Affair. The Pope fufpended the Curfes Anfelm had
pronounced to a certain Day; but, before that Day came, Philip obey'd
the Commands of Anfelm, regifter'd, according to his Order, all thofe
Conftitutions amongft the City Laws, and proceeded as they directed againft
all Contraveners. Thus

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N. 19
Thus the Civil Magistrate Was fometime forced to yield to the Papal
Authority: And this undoubtedly was the Reafon, that the Laws of
Frederick againft Hereticks, were, as Friar Bernard of Como relates, in
his Light of the Inquifitors, printed at Rome, Anno 1584, regifter'd in
the Records of the City Como, and accepted by the whole Council of that
City, Sept. 10, 1255. Neverthelefs, upon Account of the exceffive
Cruelty of the Inquifitors, and the Greatnefs of the Expence, the Peo
ple were violently Set againft this Tribunal ; and fome of the Popes could
Scarce extricate themfelves out of thefe Difficulties ; till, at length, the
People admitted it moreeafily, being eafed ofthe Expences they had borne
to fupport the Inquifition, and becaufe the Epifcopal Authority in that
Tribunal was greatly enlarged.
Sometimes, however, they broke out into open Violence, which was
with great Difficulty appeafed. Thus it happen'd in the Country of
Parma, as Honorius IV. relates it, in his Letter to the Bifhop of that
City, extant in Bzovius. Thefe Difficulties were, indeed, overcome
by the Authority of the Pope, and Rigour of Punifhments ; but contrary
to the Inclinations and Endeavours of the People, who curfed the Cruelty
of the Inquifitors. From fome Countries where the Inquifition had
been brought in, it was driven out again, becaufe it afiumed the Cogni
zance of thofe Affairs which did not belong to it ; fo that the People could
no longer bear the intolerable Yoke.' ' In thefe latter Ages, viz. Anno 15 18,
the moft violent Tumults were raifed in Brefcia, againft the Inquifitors,
who exercifed the moft outragious Cruelties againft fome Perfons accufed
of Magick, which were very difficultly appeafed, and not till the Eccle
fiaftical Tribunal and Proceffes were abolifhed, and other Judges appoint
ed in their Room. Upon the Death of Paul IV. the Prifons of the In
quifition were broke open by the Mob at Rome ; and the whole Building,
with all its Records, burnt to the Ground. At Mantua, Anno 1568,
there was, on the fame Account, a violent Sedition, which brought the
City it felf into the extreameft Danger.
As there occurred to thefe new Judges many Cafes not determined by
the Laws, fo that fometimes they were in doubt how to proceed, they
referred them to the Pope, by whom they were deputed, who, by his
Refcripts, gave them proper Directions, and declared how they were to
pronounce in like Cafes.- There are extant many fuch Anfwersof Inno
cent IV. Alexander IV. Urban IV. and Clement IV. to the Inquifitors,
inftru&ing them in the Affair of their Office againft Hereticks. And,
although thefe Refcripts were fent only to the Italian Inquifitors, yet we
D 2 muft

io The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
mult not think, as Pegna remarks, that thefe Decrees were to be obfer
ved in Italy only.
This Tribunal was merely Ecclefiaftical, the Civil Magiftrate having
no Share in the Judgment. The Inquifitor, with the Bifhop, pronoun
ced Sentence of Herefy againft the Perfon apprehended. They appointed
wholfome Penances to the Penitent, and delivered over the Impenitent
and Obftinate to the Secular Court, who, without any farther Delibera^
tion, condemned them to the Fire.
Tribunals of this Kind were erected in other Places befides Italy. Firft
in the County of Tboloufe,: For Innocent IV. commahded the Provincial
oithePredicant Order in Provence to endeavour, with all his Might, to
extirpate Hereticks from that" County, and the Country of PoiBou, and
gave him plenary Power to excommunicate, abfolve, and reconcile.
In the Year 1255, Alexander IV. at the Requeft of Lewis, appointed
Inquifitors of die Faith in France, and, conftituted the Prior of the Pre
dicant Friars at Paris Inquifitor over all that Kingdom, and County of
Tboloufe, with the moft ample Powers ; and exhorted him to advife with
grave and prudent Men in pronouncing Sentences. I cannot help remarking
only what the Popes and their Devotees principally regard, viz. to reftore
the Inquifition wherever 'tis loft : But who and what fort of Perfons aje
their Saints, to whom they give fuch high Encomiums in their Writings?
Not Men remarkable for their Sanctity of Life, nor for governing their
Actions according to the Rule ofthe Chriftian Doctrine; but Perfons who
have been the moft zealous Promoters ofthe Papal Authority, who have
moft. advanced the Power ofthe Church, and heaped upon the Ecclefia
fticks the moft ample Poffeflions and Riches. Philip de Comines hath a
pleafant Story of this kind, in his Commentaries of the Neapolitan War,
Book I. ' John Galeacius, firft Duke of Milan of that Name, had go
verned with great Cruelty and Pride, but had been very liberal in bis Do
nations. I Jaw his Sepulchre in the Carthufians Church at Papia ; and, as
I was looking on it, one ofthemfpoke to me of his Virtue, and extolled his
Piety. Why, J'aidI, do jou thus praife him as a Saint? Tou fee there are
drawn the Enjigns of many People, whom be fubdued without any Right.
Oh, jays he, 'tis our Cufiom to call them Saints, that have beenour Bene-
faBors ! Hence we may eafily learn who are in their Account wicked and
impious Men : Not fuch whofe Manners are cqntraay to the Precepts of
' J ejus Chrift ; but who oppofe the exorbitant Power of the Pope, and
the intolerable Yoke of the Ecclefiafticks; who affert the juft Liberties of
Mankind, and fcorn to be the vile Slaves of the Pope. Thefe they point out

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. ri
out to us as wicked Wretches, and accufe of the woift of Crimes, and
the moft horrid Vices ; from whence it appears of it fclf, what Credit is
to be given to thofe Hiftories, which are written only by Monks, thofe
fworn Slaves to the Pope. But to return :
When the Inquifition was once brought into France, the Pope care>-
fully endeavoured to preferve it, and to cherifh and enlarge, by all Mea-
fiires, the Jurifdiction of that Tribunal. Such who were defamed for
Herefy, and afraid of being brought before the Tribunal of the Inquifi
tion, fled to the Churches, for the Benefit of the Ecclefiaftical Immunity,,
and could not be brought from thence by Force before the Inquifitors.
The Pope,, feeing that by this Means many would efcape the Judgment
of the Inquifition, decreed that this Privilege fhould not be allowed them.
Farther, to prevent the Roman Catholick Faith and Worfhip from being
loft in thofe Provinces of France, where lived many of the Valdenjes, he
tranfmitted to the Magistrates and Prefects of thofe Places the Laws made
by the Emperor Frederick againft Hereticks, that they might proceed
againft thofe who were infamous on this Account. About this Time alfo,
the Office of the Inquifition was brought into the Kingdoms of Cafiik
and Leon, although there is fcarce any mention of the Caftile Inquifition.
in the Aits of thofe Times.
About this Time,, many Hereticks from the Countries of Italy, to;
efcape the Hands of the Inquifitors deputed thither, tranfported them
felves into the Ifle of Sardinia. And therefore, that they might not
efcape Punifhment, nor infect the Sardinians, Pope Honorius, Anno 1285,
commiflloned the Minorites, the Inquifitors oiTufcany^ to exercife the Office
of the Inquifition alfo in that Ifland.. Likewife, Anno 1288,. the Pope
commanded, that the Minister pf Provence Should, by the Apoftolick
Authority, appoint one of his Brethren,, a wife and learned Man, Inqui
fitor in the County of Venaifin in Dauphiny, and the neighbouring Places,
who Should execute this Office according to the Laws formerly prefcrihed
by Clement IV.
In the Year 1290, the Inquifition was erected in Syria and Pa-
leflme, becaufe fome Hereticks and Jews had crept in there, who promifed
themfelves Safety from the Diforders of the Wars. The Pope fent a large
Bull to Nicholas Patriarch of Jerufalem, Legate of the Apoftolick See, and
commanded him to depute Inquifitors of heretical Pravity in all the Coun
tries where his Legatefhip reached, by Advice of the Provincials of the
Predicants in thofe Parts, or their Vicegerents. The Inquifition lafted fome
Years in this Country, and was StrenuouSly fupported by the Minorites. In-

n The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
In the Year 129 1, the Inquifition was brought into Servia, and the
Pope wrote Letters to Stephen King of that Country. This fame Year
there was a great Quarrel in Italy, between the Inquifitors of the Orders
of the Minorites and Predicants. One Friar Pagan, a Predicant, Inqui
fitor in Lombardy, and Friar Vivian of the fame Order, fiercely oppofed
the Inquifitor in the Marquifate of Trevij'o. This proceeded to fuch an
Height, that many Disturbances were raifed in the City of Verona, info-
much that the Pope found it neceflary to cite them both before himfelf.
After hearing what they alledged in their Defence, he determined, that
they had been guilty of great Exceffes; and therefore removed them for
ever from the Office of the Inquifition, and added other Punifhments,
which he wrote an Account of to the Bifhop, Governor, and Citizens of
Verona. The following Year 1292, the Inquifition was erected in the Cities of
Vienne and Albona, after the fame manner as it had been appointed in thofe
oi Aries, Aix, and Ambrun. The fame Year James King of Arragon
greatly promoted the Inquifition in all his Kingdoms : For, by a Law
made the 10th of the Calends of May, he commands all the Officials of all
his Kingdoms, already made, or hereafter to be made, that, at the Notifi
cation or Injunction of the Friars Predicants, who now are, or hereafter
fhall be, Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, they do -fulfil, and execute what-
foever they fhall command to be done, by themfelves or their Deputies, on
the Part ofthe Pope, or the King himfelf, whether it be to apprehend of
imprifon Mens Perfons, or any other Thing relating to the Affair of the
Inquifition. And he commands them to do this as often as, and where-
foever they fhall be required by them, or any one of them.
And, that there might be no Place of Refuge left for Hereticks, Tribu
nals of the Inquifition were erected up and down in various Countries : In
Germany, Auftria, Hungary, Poland, Dalmatia, Bofnia, Ragufia, Croatia,
Iflria, Walachia in Lower Germany, and other Places, to which the Power
of the Pope could extend it felf. The Auftrian Inquifition was at firft very
terrible ; for Paramus relates from Trithemius, that in the City of Crema
many thoufand Hereticks were apprehended and burnt by the Inquifitors.

Pro-

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 13

CHAP. V.
Proceedings againfl Apostolicks, Knights Templars,
B e g u 1 n s, &c .
A BOUT the Year of our Lord 1300, there was great Cruelty exer-
f\_ cifed upon certain Perfons, called Apoftolicks, in Italy, They
feqm to have been nearly allied to the Albigenfes. Their Rife is thus
defcribed by Emericus. In the Times of Honorius IV. Boniface VIII.
Nicholas IV. and Clement V. about the Year of our Lord 1260, there
appeared Geraldus Sagarelli, in the Bifhoprick of Parma, and Dulcinus
in that of Novara. They gathered a Congregation, which they called
Apoftles, who lived in Subjection to none ; but affirmed, that they pecu
liarly imitated the Apoftles,; and took on them a certain new Habit of
ReUgion. Anno 1285, they were condemn'd by the Letters Patents of
Honorius IV.
Their Doctrine having prevailed near forty Years in Lombardy, Sagarelli
was condemn'd as an Arch-heretick by the Bifhop, of Parma, and Friar
Manfred tne Inquifitor,. and burnt July 18, A. D. 1300. -Dulcinus,
with fix thoufand of tus Followers of both Sexes, inhabited the Alps,
who run into all manner of Luxury, as Pegna fays, and gained many
Profelytes for the Space of two or three Years ; and that with fuch Succefs, as
determined Clement V. to fend amongft them Inquifitors of the Predicant
Order, to put a Stop to fo great an Evil, either -by recovering Dulcinus
and his. Accomplices from their Error, or by acquainting him whether thefe
Things were foornot, as he had been credibly inform'd, after they had
made a Strict and diligent Enquiry. Upon their Return, they reported
to the Pontiff what they had feen and heard, who, upon being acquainted
with their horrid Wickedneffes and Impurities, published a Crufado againft
fo heinous an Impiety, and promifed large and liberal Indulgences to all
who fhould engage in fo pious a War againft fuch wicked Men. An
Army was accordingly gathered, and fent againft them with an Apofto
lick Legate; who coming into the Places where thefe falfe Apoftles dwelt,
and unexpectly attacking them, they were wholly opprefled by this Ca-
tholickArmy oi Crofs-Bearers ; partly by Hunger and Cold, and partly
by Arms. Dulcinus himfelf was taken, and, eight Years after the Punish
ment of Geraldus, was, as an Arch-heretick, with Margaret his hereti cal

&4> The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
calWife, his Partner in Wickednefs and Error, publickly torn in Pieces,
and afterwards burnt.
The Inquifition raged with no lefs Cruelty againft the Albigenfes and
Valdenfes in the Kingdom of France, efpecially in the County of Tboloufe.
The Penitent were condemned to wear Croffes, or to perpetual Impri-
fonment, and the Impenitent burnt, without Mercy.
At the fame Time, the Order of the Templars was fuppreffed by the
Command oi Clement V. Philip the Fair, King of France, had accufed
this Order of various Herefies and WickedneSfes before Clement : And as it
teemed very hard utterly to abolifh fo famous and rich an Order, and
which had done fuch excellent Service for the Defence of the Faith, their
Caufe was debated in feveral National Councils. At laft, Clement held a
General Council at Vienna, where the Affair being throughly examined,
they were condemned for various Herefies and abominable Crimes ; which
whether they were true, or whether the People envied them for their
immenfe Riches, or whether King Philip thirfted after them, 'tis not
eafily to be determined.
After they had been thus condemned in the Council of Vienna, all that
were-in France were apprehended at once, as it were, by a Signal ; and,
before the third Year, on the 13 th of OBober, put to the Torture. Moft
or all of them, either through the Love of Life, or Confcioufhefs of their
Wickednefs, confefled the Crimes they were accufed of. Many were
condemned and burnt alive. Among thefe, John Mola, a Burgundian,
chief Mafter of the Order, when after his Sentence he was carrying to
Punifhment, declared, in the moft pathetick Manner, his own and his
Order's Innocence ; even though he was promifed Life and Impunity, if
he would openly and humbly afk Pardon, and retract every Thing that
he had confefled againft that Order before, begging Forgivenefs for his
falfe Confeffion. The next Year Letters were fent by the Pope in
which he commiflion'd the Archbifhops of Compoflella and Toledo to make
Inquifition againft the Templars in Caflile, joining with them Eymerick
the Inquifitor, a Predicant, and other Prelates. In Arragon the fame
Affair was committed to the Bifhops Raymond Valentinus, and Somenus
Cccfar Auguftanus. The fame was done in all the other Provinces of the
Chriftian World, with this Expedient, that as this Inquifition was made
concerning the moft weighty Affairs, they Should be cognizable only in
Provincial Councils. Many of them were put in Irons, and imprifoned
in Arragon and Caftile. At Salamanca there was held a Council of the
.Fathers; where, there beinga Debate concerning the Petitioners in Bonds '
and

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N. is
arjd their Caufe throughly underftood, they were pronounced innocent by
the common Suffrage of the Fathers. Neverthelefs, the Determination
of the whole Affair was referred to the Pope, and the Council oi Vienna.
On this, the Biihops and Inquifitors of the Faith, from Spain, Italy,
France, England, Germany, and other Kingdoms and Provinces, put the
Informations into publick Writing, and propofing them at the firft Seffion
ofthe Fathers at the Council of Vienna, demanded a Re-hearing of the
whole Caufe of the Templars ; and at length the Fathers decreed that that
Order fliould be fuppreifed; and, by their Advice, Pope Clement pub-
lifhed an Edict the 6th Nones oiMay, Anno 13 12, by which he fupprefles
and diflblves the Order of the Templars ; not by a definitive Sentence,
but by an Apoftolick Provision or Ordination ; and referves all their Effects
to the Difpofal and Appointment of the Apoftolick See. When this
Edidt came to the feveral Provinces, the Effects of the Templars Were
every where feized, and they themfelves feverely punifhed.
In the fame Council, large Power was given to the Inquifitors of here
tical Pravity and the Biihops, of proceeding againft Hereticks. One
Walter, a Lollard in the City of Crema, and Dutchy of Auftria, had ma
ny Followers, who, according to fome, had their Rife from Dulcinus,
who, at the Command of Pope Clement, were burnt by the Inquifitors,
in that City and other Places. Their Number was large in Bohemia,
Auflria, and the neighbouring Countries. Some affirm they were eighty
thoufand. Many of them were burnt in feveral Places of Auftria, who all
of them perfevered in their Opinions with great Chearfulnefs to their
Death. And therefore, to extinguifh both the old Hereticks, and the
new ones that might poflibly arife, ample Power was given, by the Vienna
Council, to the Inquifitors and Biihops, to proceed againft thofe who were
defiled-with that Impurity, and Prifons were order'd to be built to fecure
them in Chains.
In Bohemia the Office of the Inquifition was committed to Predicants
and Minorites, who were commanded to manifeft an holy Ardour againft
the Guilty. The Pope exhorted John King oi Bohemia, Uladiflaus Duke
of Cracow, Boleflaus Duke of Wratiflaw, and the Marquis of Mifnia,
that they fhould not fuffer Religion to decay and be obfeured by new Errors,
but that they fhould aflift the Cenfors of the holy Faith. Fourteen Men
and Women were burnt in Bohemia. Walter, the Principal of the Sect
ofthe Lollards, was burnt at Colonne, Anno 1322.
About the fame Time, Pope John, by a Letter, N°. 190, renewed the
Conftitutions of Clement IV. and other his Predeceflbrs, againft the Jews,
N-.2. E and

z6 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
and confirmed by feverer Laws the Power given to the Inquifitors againft
them, and commanded the Book of the Talmud to- be burnt, and fuch
who were convicted of their execrable Blafphemies to be punifhed.
Nor did he Shew lefs Severity againft the Valdenfes, reviving about that
Time in France ; for he ordered that many of them, who were convicted
of Errors by the Inquifitors, who were Predicant Friars, fhould be deli
vered to the Princes, to be punished according to the Ecclefiaftical Law.
There is extant in the Vatican Library a large Volume ofthe Tranfactions
of thefe Predicant Friars againft Hereticks in the Kingdom of France,
this Year of our Lord 13 19.
The fame John XXII. condemned the Beguins of Herefy, and com
manded the Inquifitors of heretical Pravity to proceed againft them, and
to deUver over to the Secular Court all who continued obftinate in their
Error, to be punished with Death.
Thefe Beguins were Monks of the Order of St. Francis : They are fe
veral Times called, of "the third Rule of St.. Francis.. His Rule was, that
the Friars of his Order fliould have- no particular Property of their own,.
neither Houfe, nor Place, nor any Thing,, but fhould live by begging :
This he called Evangelick Poverty. This Rule was confirmed and ap
proved by feveral Popes. But as many beUeved the Obfervance of it to be
above all human Strength, many Doubts arofe concerning it ; fome con
tending that they were to renounce the Property of all Things in particu
lar, but not in common ; and that it was no ways contrary to the Fran
cifcan Poverty to have the Pofleflion of Things in common, fo that they
poffeffed nothing in particular. But Nicholas IU. condemned this Opi
nion by a Conftitution. However, though all Property was taken from
thefe Friars, as well jn common as in fpecial, yet were they not deprived
of the Ufe of what they had. For Martin IV. published a Bull, February
Calends 10, 1282, by which he ordained, that the Property, the Right
and Dominion of every Thing which the Friars had by Donation or Le
gacy, fhould be in the Church of Rome, but that the Friars Should have
the Ufe. He alfo allowed the Ministers and Keepers of the Order the
Faculty of naming Adminiftrators, Stewards^ Syndicks;. who, in the
Name of the Church of Rome, and for the Advantage of the Friars may
receive and demand Alms and Legacies, and fue for the Recovery and
Prefervation of them. Clement V. confirmed the fame in the Council of
Vienna, by a Conftitution extant among the Clementines. However
Clement allowed, that when it appeared very likely, even from Experience5
that they could not otherwife fecure the Neceflaries of Life, they might have

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 17
have Granaries or Store-houfes, in which they might repofit and keep
whatever they could get by begging. He left, indeed, the Minifters and
Keepers to judge of fuch Neceffity, and gave it in fpecial Charge to their
Confcienccs. Againft this thofe who were called Beguins protefted, declaring they
were of the third Rule of St. Framis. They contended that the Fran-
cifca?7s ought in no Cafe to have Granaries or Store-houfes, becaufe this
wascontiary to the Perfection of trie Francifcan Poverty; that the Pope
had not Authority to difpenfe with the Rule oi Francis; and that if he
did, his Decrees were of no Force, and might juftly be difregarded.
One of them who lived at this Time, Peter John Olivus, who wrote a
Poftill on the Apocalypfe, applied to the Pope and Church of Rome the
Things fpoken of the Beaft, and the Whore of Babylon, oi which ire-r
quent Mention is made in the Collection of the Sentences of the Tboloufe
Inquifition, John XXII. Succeeded Clement, who, by feveral Constitutions, con
demn'd the Tenet of the Beguins, and allowed the Francifcans, that, by
the Judgment of the Heads of the Order, they might lay up and preferve
Corn, Bread and Wine in Granaries and Store-houfes. The Beguins be
lieved, that fuch a Conceflion derogated from the Sublimity and Per
fection of their Rule and Poverty, and therefore warmly oppofed it ; and,
in order to defend their own Rule, dared to deny the Authority of the
Pope. Upon this Account, they were declared Hereticks, and Com
mandment was given to the Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, to bring them
before their Tribunal, and to proceed againft them as Hereticks. This
Decree was dated from Avignon, February Calends 10, 13 18. Soon af
ter, four Friars Minors, about the Yea$ 13 18, were condemned and burnt
as Hereticks at Marfeilles, by the Inquifitor of heretical Pravity, who was
himfelf a Friar Minor ; becaufe, as they fay, they were refolved to ad
here and keep to the Purity, Truth, and Poverty of the- Rule of St.
Francis, and becaufe they would not content to make the Rule lefs Strict,
nor receive the Difpenfation of the Lord Pope John XXII. made
concerning it, nor obey him nor others in this Affair. Others of the
fame Order affert, that thefe four were unjuftly condemned, and affirm
them to be glorious Martyrs, and that the Pope, if he contented to
their Condemnation, was an Heretick, and forfeited his Power. Upon
this, the three next Years, viz. from the Year 13 18, or thereabouts,
they were all condemned for Hereticks, by the Judgment of the Prelates
and Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, in the Province oi Nar bonne, Beziers,
E 2 Lodun

i8 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Lodun in the Diocefe of Agde, and at Lunelle, and the Diocefe of Ma-
galone, who believed that the aforefaid four Friars Minors were holy Mar
tyrs, and who believed, and held, and thought as they did, concerning
Evangelical Poverty, and the Power of the Pope, viz. that he had loft
it, and was become an Heretick. Many, however, privately gathered
up the burnt Bones and AShes of thefe four Friars, who had been con
demned as Hereticks, and kept them for Relicks, and kifled and wor
shipped them as the Relicks of Saints y yea, fome marked their Names and
the Days in which they fiiffered in the Calendars. This Account agrees
well with what we read of the Beguins in the Sentences of the Tboloufe
Inquifition. Amongft other Things, we read, Fol. 155, in the Sentence
of Peter Morefius de Bello Podio, that he believed that John XXII. who
was then Pope, and whom he calls the Boar of the For eft, had deftroyed the
Inclofure of the Church, and done more Harm to the Church of God, than all
former Hereticks had done. In Fol. 156, 'tis defcribed to Bernard de na
Jacina, that he faid twice or thrice, when he was fpeaking about the Pope's
Power to difpenfe with the Rule of St. Francis : Do you believe that if the
Pope bound the Tail of an Afs upon Earth, the Tail of an Afs would be bound
in Heaven ?
Thus from a Controverfy, originally of no Moment, rofe up, at length,
through the Warmth of Men's Minds, a difmal Tragedy; and, after the
Pope's Authority began to be called in queftion, a fevere Perfecution was
raifed againft the Beguins.
Befides the Tenets commonly charged upon the aforefaid Beguins, there
are others imputed to them of a very flagitious Nature, viz. that to kifs
Women and embrace them, provided they did not confummate the car
nal Sin, was greatly meritorious, and an Argument of Fortitude and Ab
stinence, and of a Strong and acceptable Love of God, and the trueft Proof
that each Party was refolutely virtuous ; and that whatever Lyes any Man
told a Woman to gain her Content to his Defires, was not Herefy, fo
that he believed in his Heart that the carnal Act was Sin ; even though to
gam her Content he fhould tell her, that the carnal Act was meritorious,
and for the Safety of her Soul ; yet that it would not be Sin, if he
held the contrary in his Heart. And agreeable to this was their Practice,
putting themfelves naked in Bed with naked Women, killing and em
bracing them in a very lewd manner, boafting of their Continence and
Refolution, becaufe they abftained from the laft carnal Act.
But this Affair did not end here. Friar Berengarius, in a Council of
many Divines and Lawyers, fummoned by the Bifhop and Inquifitor. at

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S 1 T I O N. 19
at Narbonne, defended the Caufe of the Beguins. Friar John Bemmius,
a Predicant, and Inquifitor, pronounced this heretical, and ordered Beren-
garius to recant. He refufed, and, appealing to the Apoftolick See, went
to Avignon, and gave the Pope an Account of the whole Affair ; who
kept Berengarius in honourable Cuftody, and propofed it afterwards to all
the Academies, and the moft learned Men all over the World, as a Que
stion fit to be debated, Whether it was not to be efteemed heretical, ob
stinately to affirm, that our Lord Jefus Chrift, and his Apoftles, had no
thing in fpecial or in common ? After the Queftion was propofed,
that all might give their Opinion with greater Freedom, he fufpended
the Anathema published by Nicholas IV. againft the Interpreters of this
Senfe, and of the Rule of St. Francis, and gave to all free Power to di-
fpute, write, and give their Senfe concerning the Thefls.
The Friars Minors met at Peroufe, from all the Provinces of the Chri
ftian World,, about the next Whitfontide. There was prefent Michael
Cafenas, General of the Order, and other Provincial Minifters.. Being
admonifhed by fome Cardinals, that they fhould give their Opinion in
this Affair agreeable to the Senfe of the Fathers, they replied thus:
Adhering firmly and wholly to the Determination of the holy Roman Churchy
we fay and confefs with one Heart and Mind, that to fay and affert, that
Chrift, pewing the Way of PerfeBion, and his Apofi les following the fame
Way of PerfeBion, and giving an Example to others who are willing to
live perfeBly, had nothing by Right of Property and Domain, no proper
Right, whether fpecial or in common, is not heretical, but found, catbolick,
and faithful; efpecially as the holy Roman Catbolick Church, which is pro
ved never to have deviated or erred from the Path of Apofiolick Tradition,
fays this exprefty, affirms, and manifeftly determines it.
When this Refcript of the Chapter was Seen, by which the Opinion of
the Beguins was approved, the Pope published an Edict concerning the
Ufe of Things diftinct from Property : But when FnarBonagratia Bergo-
menfis, made by the Chapter Procurator of the Order, protefted againft
the Pope, and appealed to a future Pontiff, or Oecumenical Council,
which Appeal was judged to be infolent; the Pope, by a Decree, decla
red it to be heretical to affert, that our Saviour and his Apoftles had no
Right to ufe or confume the Things which the facred Scriptures teftify
they had, nor any Right to fell or give them, or procure other Things by
them. But

30 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
But as Ccefenas did not acquiefce in this Sentence of the Pope, but
oppofed the Papal Conftitutions, being affifted by the Friars Bonagratia
Bergomenfis, Peter Corbarius, and William Ockham, an Englipman, in
the Year 1329, he was declared by the Pope to be a Favourer of Here
ticks, an Arch-heretick, and degraded from all Offices, Dignities, and
Honours whatfoever, and deprived of the Ecclefiaftical Privilege, and de
clared incapable of any, and fubjected to all the Punifhments and Sen
tences, Spiritual and Temporal, to which the Favourers of Hereticks,
Arch-Jiereticks, and Schifmaticks, are liable, by Divine or Ecclefiaftical
Law. The Friars Minors, being gathered together in a General Chapter
at Paris, after they had pronounced Ccejenas entirely degraded, and put
Gerard Odonis into his Place, published this Sentence of the Pope ; and
declared, that both he and his Companions had incurred the Penalties of
Excommunication and Privation, as notorious and manifeft Apoftates,
wliich, by the Statutes of the Order, are well known to be inflicted on
thofe Friars who withdraw themfelves, and apoftatize from the Obe
dience of the Order. This Sentence of the Order being fent to the Pope,
he again pronounced Ccejenas guilty of various Crimes and Herefies, and
condemned him, December Calends 16, of the fame Year. Corbarius,
terrified with this dreadful Sentence, confefled his Errors, and, after ha
ving read his Confeffion and Abjuration of his Errors, and fworn to obey
the Apoftolick Commands, he obtained the Benefit of Abfolution from
all Sentences, either of the Law or Men.
Ccefenas however, not terrified by thefe Denunciations, afferted, not
withstanding, that he was General of his Order, and a Catholick, and
lived fafe from the Papal Violence with his Followers, under the Govern
ment oi Lewis oi Bavaria. Upon which, the Pope renewed his Curfes
againft them, and cited them, by a peremptory publick Edict, to appear
perfonally before him, before the Feaft of the Afcenfion of our Lord, to
hear their Sentence : Bur, as they defended themfelves againft the Accu
sations and Procefs of die Pope, by the Apologies they publifh'd, Gerard
Odonis, General ofthe Minorite Order, fententially condemned them as
Favourers of Hereticks, Hereticks and Arch-hereticks, and not only de
prived them ofthe Copipany and Favour of the Order, but condemned
them to perpetual Imprifonment. He commanded alfo all and Angular
the Keepers and Guardians of Convents, in Virtue of their Salutary Obe
dience, that they Should publickly declare them, in full Convent every
Week, deprived and excommunicate, and fententially condemned. And

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 3 1
And finally, Pope John publifh'd againft them the thirty eighth, and the
two hundred fifty ninth Sanctions. His Succeffor BcnediB XII. in the
Year 1335, and firft of his Pontificate, renewed the Curfes that John
XXII. had pronounced againft the Fratricelli or Beguins, and their Ac
complices, and thus render'd them more heavy.

C H A P. VI.
The jetting up the Inqjjisition in Poland; renewing it in France j
the Profecutions of Wickleff, Hufs, and Jerome of Prague, briefly re
cited; with the Eftablijhment of the Inqjiisitton in Bohemia,,
and its EffeBs.
AS nothing was more ferviceable to enlarge the Papal Jurifdiition
than the Office of the Inquifition, the Popes were continually en
deavouring to promote it, and to eftablifh it in thofe Kingdoms and
Countries, that hitherto had been free from fo grievous a Yoke, that there
might not be any Place of Shelter or Refuge in the whole Chriftian World
to fuch as fhould in the leaft contradict their Decrees.. Anno 1327,
Pope John XXII. by Letters to the King and Prelates oi Poland, and to
the Provincial of the Predicant Friars of the fame Kingdom, appointed
the Inquifition in Poland ; which, in the Year following, Uladifiaus
Jagello, King of Poland, confirmed and enlarged, by a Royal Edict,.
granting them the moft ample Power, and commanding all the Magi
strates to give them all manner of Afliftance in the Execution of their
Office. At this Time the Inquifition began to decline in France ; but, as there
was a pretty large Number of the Valdenfis remaining in Dauphiny, and-
their Religion began to fpread wider, Gregory applied himfelf to Charles
King of France. He put him in Mind of the Examples of his Prede-
ceffors in destroying Hereticks, and admonifhed him to fupprefs the No
bles of Dauphiny, who took the Hereticks under their Protection ; and
that he fhould Support the Authority of the Inquifitors, not only by fe-
verer Edicts, but by fending fome Royal Officer to their Afliftance,
King Charles yielded to the Pope's Defires ; and, after the manner of his
Ancestors,, by a Royal Edict, commanded that Hereticks fhould fuffer the

3i The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION.
the fevereft Punifhments ; and that the Magistrates in Dauphiny fhould
affift and aid the Officers of the Holy Inquifition. Antonius Maffanus,
Apoftolick Inter-nuncio, acted in this Affair with fuch Zeal, that the
Prifons were fcarce fufficient to hold the Criminals ; nor was their Provi-
fion enough for their Support. Gregory, having been confulted in this
Matter, orderd, that as the great Number of Hereticks was owing to the
Negligence of the Prelates, the Revenues of the Churches fhould be ap
plied to that Ufe ; and commanded new and ftronger Jails to be built at
Aries, Ambrune, Vienne, and Avignon, and granted Indulgences to the
Faithful who fhould contribute to the Work.
John Wickleff, about this Time, arofe in England; and not only op
pofed feveral Errors of the Church of Rome, but efpecially the exorbitant
Power ofthe Roman Pontiff, vindicating the Rights of the Secular Magi
strates, and teaching that the Clergy were not exempted from their Jurif-
diction and Obedience. The Pope, by his Letters to the Univerfity of
Oxford, commanded them, by Virtue of their holy Obedience, and under the
Penalty of their being deprived of all Favours, Indulgences, and Privileges,
that had been granted them by the Apoftolick See, that they pould not fuffer
any one to defend Wickleff 's Propofitions, but pould order Wickleff himfelf
to be j'eiz'd, and fend him in fafe Cufiody to the Archbipop of Canterbury,
and the Bifhop of "London, or one of them. He alfo, by Letters, command
ed the faid Archbifhop of Canterbury and Bifhop of London, that they
Pould order Wickleff to be apprehended by the Papal Authority, and com
mit him to Jail, and put him in Irons under fafe Cufiody, till farther Or
ders from himfelf upon this Affair. And, after mention of thefe Things
out of his former Letters, he farther commands, That if the aforefaid
John, apprehending his being feized and imprifoned, pould abfcond, fo that
they could not apprehend and confine him; that then they pould take Care pe
remptorily to admonip and cite him, in the Pope's Name, by a publick EdiB,
to be jet up in one of the Colleges of Oxford, then in the Diocefe of Lincoln,
and all other publick Places, to appear and anfwer perfonally to his Propofi
tions before the Pope, wherever he pould be, within the Space of three
Months, to be computed from the Day of this Citation ; adding, That whe
ther -thej'aid John pould appear or not, within the faid Term, they Jhould
proceed againft him upon the Premifes, even to the Condemnation he had de-
lerved, according as his Crimes pould require, and as they Jaw fit, for the
Honour of God, and the Prefervation ofthe Faith.
RichardKmg oi England, after Wickleff-, Death, commanded, by afolemn
Edict, all his Writings to be burnt, together with thofe oi Nicholas Hereford and

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 33
and John Afion. In the Year 1396, the Pope wrote to the King, and begged
him to aflift the Prelates of the Church in the Caufe of God, ofthe King
himfelf, and the Kingdom, againft the Lollards ; and earneftly befought
him that he would condemn thofe whom the Prelates fhould declare He
reticks. The fame Year, Tliomas Arundel, Archbifhop of Canterbury,
and Apoftolick Legate, held a Provincial Synod at London, to extirpate
the Herefy of Wickleff', in which were condemned eighteen of his Arti
cles. After this, the Archbifhop ufed great Severity againft thofe who
maintained them, many of whom he condemned to the Flames. To
fuch as abjured, he appointed an wholfome Penance, that in the Time
of publick Trayers, and in the open Market, they Should go in Proceflion,
only with their Shirts on them, carrying in one Hand a burning Taper,
and in the other a Crucifix, and that they Should fall thrice on their
Knees, and every Time devoutly kits it.
Soon after arofe John Hufs in Bohemia, and began publickly to reprove*
the diffolute Lives of all the Orders. Whilft he enveigh'd only againft
the Seculars, all the Divines applauded him ; but when once he began
openly to reproach them for their corrupt Manners and Vices, they ab
horred and detefted him, and ufed their utmoft Endeavours to deftroy
him. At that Time, Anno 1400, Jerome of Prague returned from Eng
land, and brought with him Wickleff s Writings, which Huff approved.
And fince many others approved of them, out of Deference to the Do*.
ctrine and Authority of Hufs, and defended the Articles of Wickleff; thofe
Articles were again examined and condemned, May 24, 1408, by forty
Mafters, and an infinite Number of Batchelors, who prohibited, under
the Penalty of the Bann, any Perfon to teach them. Hufs was very de-
firous to render aU this ineffectual ; and therefore, as the Foreigners were
divided into three Gaffes of Votes, and the Bohemians made the fourth,
according to the Institution ofthe School, he fo order'd it, that the Bohe
mians fhould be equal in Number of Votes to the other three ; upon
which, they left Prague with Indignation, and went into Mifnia, and
there condemned again Wickleff 's Books, and adjudged them to , the
Flames. Above two hundred Volumes were burnt, according to Mneas
Sylvius, fairly written out, and adorned with golden Boffes and curious
Binding. Not long after this, Hufs offer'd certain Thefes to be publickly disputed,
by which he oppofed the Indulgences which John XXIII. had granted to
thofe who fhould engage in the Cruciad, which he had ordered againft
the King, of Naples. Jerome of Prague alfo Shewed their Vanity. At
F length,

34 The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I O N.
length, after many Proceffes formed againft the Memory of Wickleff, and
againft Hufs, the Council of Confiance affembled, and ordered Hufs to
appear before them, and give an Account of his Doctrine ; and, to pre
vent his not coming, Sigifmond the Emperor gave him Letters of fafe
Conduct, for his coming there, flaying, and Departure thence. In this
Synod, the Doctrine of Wickleff and Hufs was condemned : Several
learned Men were deputed to examine both their Doctrines, who, when
they had read their Books, pronounced that they had found forty five
pernicious Articles in Wickleff, and thirty in Hufs; which, though they
were not all of them equally impious, fome being worfe than others, yet
all contained deadly Poifon, and were altogether, or, at leaftV in fome
Part, contrary to the wholfome Doctrine of the Church': Upon this,
the Synod not only condemned the Books, but pronounced Sentence againft
Wickleff, though dead; by which they declared-himan Heretiek, excom
municated him, and order'd his Bones^-if they could be found, to be ta
ken out of their Grave and burnt.- They alfo not only condemn'd John
Hufs, who came to the Council with Letters of fafe Conduct from the
Emperor; but, in Violation ofthe publick Faith, order'd him to be burnt
alive. The Emperor, that he might have fome Pretence thus to violate
his Faith, made a Decree, that Inquifition might be made by a proper
Judge of heretical Pravity, notwithstanding the fafe Conducts granted
by Emperors and Kings, &c. The Words of the Decree are, Although
they pould confide in their fafe ConduB, and thus come to., the Place of
Judgment, and would not otherwife have come ; and that he who fhould make
jiich a Promife, was not obliged by it as to any one, becaufe he promifed what
was not in his Power. Afterwards alfo Jerome of Prague, terrified with
the dreadful Punifhment oi Hufs, renounced at firft, through human
Infirmity, the Doctrine of Wickleff and Hufs ; but foon recovered his
Courage, and boldly aflerted and defended it before the whole Synod ;
upon which they condemned him as a Relapfe, and. order'd him to be
burnt. But, fince many of the Papifts endeavour to wipe off this Infamy of
having violated the Faith, I fhall take this. Occafion briefly to Shew that
the publick Faith was violated in the Cafe oiHufs\ by. Command of the
Synod. They deny that the Synod gave their Faith to Hufs and that
'twas only the Emperor; fo that the. Synod, which was the legal Tudee
of the Faith, might pronounce Judgment concerning Hufs's Doctrine'
although the Emperor had given him Letters of fafe. Conduct • becaufi
the Affair of Herefy, is wholly Eccfefjaftjcal, and not within the Bounds of

The Hiftory of the I N QU IS I T I O N. 35-
of the fecular Power. But the Charge is not, that the Synod violated
die Faith by condemning Hufs of Herefy, but becaufe theycaufed him to
be burnt. The' Power of the Synod, according to the Papifts themfelves,
extends no farther than to their judging of the Faith, and pronouncing
by their Sentence any one an Heretick and Obftinate, and throwing him
out ofthe Bofom ©f the Church; after Sentence, they immediately deli
ver him over to the Secular Power, that he may inflict on him the Pu
nifhments appointed by the Civil Laws. In this manner the Synod pro
ceeded in the Caufe of Hufs. After they had declared him an Heretick,
and degraded him in the Council, they added this Decree to their Sen
tence : This holy Synod of Conftance, confidering, N. B. that the Church
of God cannot proceed farther, decrees that John Hufs pall be left to the
fecular Judgment, and given up to the fecular Court. Thus far therefore
the Church performed her Duty : All the reft belonged to the fecular
Jurifdiction. But here the Emperor had taken Care for Huffs Security,
by giving him Letters of fafe Conduct, and therefore could not condemn
him to be burnt without violating his Faith : And therefore the Synod,
to remove this "Scruple from the Emperor, pronounced, by their Decree,
that he who: bound himfelf by fiich a Promife, was in no manner obliged
by it as to any one, becaufe he promifed what was not properly in his
Power to grant. So that the Synod did not properly violate the Faith gi
ven by themfelves, but pronounced, by their Decree, that Emperors,
Kings, and Princes, were in no manner obliged by their Promifes of fafe
Conduct, and that therefore they might, with a fafe Confeience, break
them, even when granted by publick Letters, at the Beck of the Council.
And this is fo manifest from the Decree of the Council of Conftance, that
Sinianca, a Spaniard,- proves from thence, that Faith is not to be kept
with Hereticks : Therefore, fays he, Hereticks are jufily burnt with righ
teous Flames, by the moft grave Determination ofthe Council of Conftance,
even though they had received the Promife of Safety. And farther, Bzovius
relates, that Pope Martin, endeavouring to diflhade Alexander, General
oi Lithuania, from giving any Afliftance to the Bohemians, thus, amongft
other Things, writes to him in his Letter : But if you have been any ways
engaged by Promife to undertake their Defence, know, that you could not
give your Faith to Hereticks, who are Violators ofthe holy Faith, and that
you will fin mortally if you keep it, becaufe a Believer can have no Commu
nion with an Infidel. What can be clearer ?. I fhall add nothing farther
in fo evident a Matter. It is enough that I have Shewn that the Faith was
F 2 violated

16 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S IT 10 N.
violated by the Council oi Conftance, thePapifts themfelves being Judges,.
and indeed approving it.
Wickleff, Hufs, and Jerome, and their Doctrine, being thus condemn'd,
Martin V- fent Letters to the Archbifhops, Bifhops, and the Inquifitors.
of heretical Pravity every where ; in which he tells them, That in the.
Kingdoms o/*Bohemia, the Marquifate of, Moravia, and the neighbouring
Places, John Wickleff, John Hufs, and Jerome of Prague, Arch-here-
ticks, bad rifen up, and that the. Council of Conftance had condemned their
Writings and Books : But whereas fome of their Followers were in Poffeflfton
of them; he commands, that all fuch Perfons, and all who approved their
DoBrines, and were their Abettors, pould be delivered over as Hereticks
to the fecular Courts : That juch who received them, if it were only through,
common AffeBion, or the like Caufes, pould be firiBly prohibited : That the
Impenitent pould be Jeverely puniped. He commands Princes to banipt
them their Dominions. He orders manifeft Hereticks, though not condemn' dt
it be puniped, and even J'ufpeBed ones, if they would not canonically purge
themfelves. He farther commands the Princes to obey the Inquifitors. He*.
orders fufpeBed Perfons to be intterrogated upon the Articles of Wickleff and:
Hufs, which he afterwards fubjoins with the Interrogatories, and to be
cked for this PurpoJe. He commands this Bull to be publip'd, and that all>
Sundays and. Festivals it pould be publickly declared, that all Hereticks and
their Abettors were excommunicated. That all who held the Errors of the
aforefaid Arch-hereticks, and their Abettors, even though confefled, pould
be punijhed, if they rejufed to make a publick Abjuration, or to undergo
the Penance enjoined them. Finally, he repeals every Thing contrary
hereto. By this Decree, the Inquifition was reftored and eftablifhed in the-
Kingdom of Bohemia, whereby many were coudemn'd of Herefy,, and,
put to Death by various Punifhments : Some were burnt alive ; others
thrown into the. River, ty'd Hands and Feet, and fo drowned; and others
deftroy'd by different Methods of Cruelty.
The Cruelties exercifed in the wretched Kingdom juft mentioned, de-
ferve a more particular Relation ; and as I have in my Hand a very fulL
and authetick Hiftory of what paffed there, , from the Year of Chrift 894,..
to 1632, which was printed at London by the Direction of the Prince
Palatine, theaftiling himfelf King oi Bohemia, I judged it by no means
proper to omit the Infertion of fome particular Relations from thence, as
well for the Entertainment of the Reader, as to fhew the Spirit of the
Romanifts

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I TIO N. 37
Komanifts in thofe Times. To fay Truth, the Kingdom of Bohemia is,
at this Time, a tenible Inftance of the barbarous Difpofition of religious
Perfecutors, its Inhabitants living in perpetual Slavery ; to which they
were reduced by the Wars carried on for bringing them back to the Ro-
mip Faith. In vain has Nature given them a moft excellent Soil, and a
Country,- which, for its Abundance in all Things neceffary for human
Life, yields not, perhaps, to any other in Europe r In vain are the Peo
ple of flrong, robuft Conftitutions, patient of Labour, and induftrious
in their Tempers : In vain is the whole Kingdom almoft Surrounded by
Mountains, which are, or might be eafily made inexpugnable Bulwarks
againft foreign Enemies: All thefe Advantages are render'd void, to a
People fiibdued under a Pretence of Herefy, and fince render'd Stupid by-
Oppreflion. But to return to the Current ofthe Hiftory we promifed.
The new Pope elected at the Synod, was named Martin V. With'
kind Letters, dated at Conftance in the Year 1418, he invited the Bohe
mians to renounce ^the Errors of Wickleff 'and Hufs; but afterwards, in
the Year 1420,^ he publickly excommunicated them at Florence, and ex
cited all Princes and Commonwealths to take up Arms againft them ;
intreating them, by the Wounds of Chrift, and their own Salvation,
unanimoufly to fall upon them, and quite extirpate that facrilegious and
curfed Nation, promifing a univerfal Remiffion of Sins to the moft wicked ;
Perfon that fhould ; kill but one. Bohemian. This fine Promife prevailed
ib much on the Emperor Sigifmond, that, in the fame Year, he enter'd'
Bohemia with a powerful Army, and wearied that Country with thir
teen Years War, which was called the Huffite War ; concerning which/
jBLneas Sylvius, afterwards Pope, has wrote an elaborate Hiftory. But
the State of the Bohemian Affairs were very confufed at Home-: Some of
them flood for the Emperor and Pope; others defended the Ufe of the
Cup, from whence they. were called Calix-titles. With- horrible Cruelty
they were inflamed to.deftroy each other ; when, after the Death of Wen-
mftaus, in the Year 14 19, Sigifmond took the Kingdom, and ordered fe
veral Things to be executed by his Delegates, which were directly con
trary to the Liberties and Conferences of 'that unhappy People, following
feon after himfelf with an Army to protect them in their Villainies.
This. alarmed fgme Thoufands of thofe who profeffed the pure Religion.
to fuch a. Degree, that they retired together to a ftony : Mountain, tea
Miles from Prague, which they named Tabor. They encompaffed the
Mountain about with a. Wall, and there conftituted a Commonwealth,
refolving to defend it by Arms, in: cafe of Neceflity ; from whence they

are,

38 The Hiftory of the I N'QU I S I T I O N.
are, in Hiftory, called Taborites. The Papifts perfecuted them with the
utmoft Malice ; and when thefe poor People fent two Embafladors to in-
treat for Peace, they inhumanly caft them headlong into the, moft deep
Mines of Metal; a Punifhmeiit generally inflicted on theworft of Male
factors. An Author of unblemished Reputation reports, that,. -in the
Year 1420, there were caft into' the firft Mine, near Cutt enburg, feventeen
hundred Perfons ; in the fecond, ten hundred and thirty eight ; in the
third, thirteen hundred and thirty four. In Commemoration of thefe
Martyrs, every Year, on the 18 th oi April, there was a folemii Meeting
at that Place, where a Church was built, which is yet ftanding. The
chief Mafter of the Mint ufed his utmoft Endeavours to hinder it, but
to no purpofe; till in the Year 162 1; at which Time, the People of
God were fo feverely perfecuted, by the bloody-thirfty Papifts, that they
were obliged to forbear thofe Meetings.
Sigifmond the Emperor, and Fernandus the Pope's Legate, were merr
to confult about the carrying on the War againft the Bohemians ; when
John Krafa, a chief Merchant at Prague, happened to come to Prefiau,
(at which Place they then were) in order to tranfact the Affairs of his
Calling. At the. Inn where he lodged, there happened a Difpute
concerning Hufs, whofe Innocence he ftrongly defended, faying, he was
unjuftly condemned : Some Information had likewife been given, that
this Gentleman had taken the EuCharift in both kinds j for thefe pretend
ed Crimes he was feized, and thrown into Prifon. The next "Day a
Student, who was fent by the Inhabitants of Prague to Caj'ar at Prefiau,-
by whom they declared, That if the Emperor would permit them the. Cup,
they would acknowledge him to be their King ; was, after having received-
very cruel Ufage, committed to the fame Prifon.
Krafa -encouraged him, exceedingly rejoicing that he had fuch a Com
panion in Martydom. " Oh, my Brother, (faid he) what an Honour
" is this, that we are called to bear Witnefs to the Lord Jesus. Let
" us undergo with Chearfulnefs thefe light Afflictions : The Fight is but
u fhort, the Reward is eternal. Let us remember our Lord, what a cruel
" Death he underwent for us, and with what guiltlefs Blood we were
« redeemed ; what Torments fince have been endured, by numberlefs
" pious Martyrs, for the Faith, with miraculous Patience " After this
manner, he conftantly exhorted his Fellow-Sufferer to perfevere in the
Truth. But when they were brought to Execution, and the Ropes, bv
which Horfes were to drag them through the City, were ty'd to their
Feet; the Student, terrified with the Thoughts of Death, and [flatter'd by

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 39
by the Legate, who was then prefent, with the Hopes of Life, prefently
yielded, and recanted the Doctrine oi Hufs, which then began to be
called erroneous. But Krafa ftood like a Rock, unfliaken againft all the
Perfwafions of that abominable Minister of Anti-chrift; telling him,
that Death it felf, much lefs his weak Arguments, was of no Effect to
make him recant. After this Speech, he was drawn flowly through the
Streets; the Legate, at every Turning, enveighing againft him, (yet he
would often command the Hangman to flop) while he exhorted Krafa
to pity himfelf, and recant thofe Errors, (as he called them) which the
Bohemians had fb rafhly fpread abroad. But all the Anfwer he could ob
tain, from this pious Chriftian, was, " I am ready to die for the Gofpel
" of Jesus Christ." At length being brought, fcarce half alive,
through the Torments he had endured, by dragging at the Horfes Heels
on the Ground, to the Place of Execution, he was burnt. This was done
on the 14th oi March, 1420 ; and, on the Sunday following, the Legate
qommanded; the Excommunication of the Bohemians, made ,by Pope
Martin, together with the late Sentence and Execution of Krafa, to be
ftuck on' the' Churthr Gates, and to be! declared 'in the Pulpits.
The Year following, the chief Magistrate, or Conful of the City of
Litomericia, a cruel and deceitful Man, to convince the Pope of his ex
traordinary Zeal, caufed four and1 twenty Of the chief Citizens (among
whom wa^s the Husband of his only Daughter) to be feized, and impri-
fbned* in the higheft Tower at St. Michael's Gait; where they were kept
till they were almoft perifhed with Hunger and Cold. At length, after
having confulted with fome Captains of Sigifmond 's Army, he caufed them
to be brought out, to receive Sentence of Death, Which he pronounced
on them himfelf, and was to be executed on them immediately, by being
drowned in the River Albis. In vain did their Relations petition for
Mercy; in vain did his; Only Child kneel at his Feet! In an Agony of
Griefj covered with Tears, = fhe held his Robe, and, in the moft moving
Terms, begg'd the Life of her Hufband. The Barbarian, or (to fum
up all Iniquity in one Word) the bigotted Papift, commanded her to-
leave off weeping j telling her, fhe knew not what She afked : What,
faid he, cannot I provide a more worthy Hufband than this Heretick r*
The poor Lady, finding all her Endeavours could not move him, rofe
up, and only' faid, Oh, Father, you fhall never efpoufe me mote to any.
By this Time the Carts were come, in which they were to be carried ta
the River; and a-great Concourfe of People, with the Wives, Children,
and Friends ofthe innocerit-Vi^im^- were:affenibfed to attend them to the
dread-

40 The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T 10 N.
dreadful Scene of Horror. The Confiil's Daughter kept clofeby her Hufband
all the Way, beating herBreaft, and tearing the Hair from off her Head.
When the Martyrs were brought to the Banks of Albis, they were taken
down from the Carts ; and, while the Ferries were preparing, they took
their laft Farewel of their Wives and Friends, with loudVoices protesting
their Innocency, earneftly exhorting them to Zeal and Conftancy, to
cleave to the Word of G o r», without any Regard to Mens Inventions.
With Chriftian Charity they forgave, and pray'd for their Enemies. Thus,,
recommending their Souls to God, they were put into the Boats, and
carried into the Middle of the River ; from whence they were thrown in,
bound Hands and Feet, that they might have no Opportunity to efcape
drowning. . Several Officers ftood upon the Shore, with Iron Forks and
Poles, watching that none of them fhould be caft on the Banks, ftabbing
thofe who happen'd to roul towards them, though the poor Wretches
were half dead before. The Conful's Daughter, feeing her Hufband,
leapt into the River, and, clafping him about the Middle, endeavoured
to fave him from drowning ; but She not being able to wade, by reafon of
the Depth, nor he to unloofe himfelf, they funk to the Bottom together.
The next Day they were taken up, and buried both in one Grave. The
Pangs of Death had not been able to make her let' go her Hold ; for they
were found with her .Arms .clofely embracing the Body of her beloved
Hufband. This was done on the 30th of May, in the Year 142 x.
This Hiftory was foon after engraven in golden Letters, in the Church
of All-Saints at Litomericia, for an eternal Memorial j and was alfo to
be Seen in a Table before St. Michael's Gate : But, in the Year 1623-, on
the 8 th of July, it was erafed out, by the Command of George Michna,
a Commiflioner for Reformation.
In the fame Year, Albert of Auftria fent Auxiliaries to Prague, to
aflift Sigifmond his Father-fn-La w. A Party of his Horfe at Arnoflowitz
(a Village near Milizine) brought Wenceflaus, the Curate of that Place,
(a Divine of exemplary Piety) with his Officiary, three Countrymen, and
four Boys (the eldeft of them was not above eleven Years of Age) to'their
Colonel at Byftrick, where their Quarters were. The Clergymen were
apprehended for adminiftring, the others for receiving the Sacrament un
der both kinds, i. e. of Bread and Wine. The BiShop commanded Wen
ceflaus to ah)ure, for the Time to come, the Administration ofthe Sacra
ment in that manner; telling him, if he refufed to do fo, he fhould be
burnt alive. To whom the good Pallor returned this refolute and gal
lant Anfwer: « The Gofpel doth teach me otherwife; as doth likewife, " your

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 41
" your own Miflals :.' You muft approve what I have done, or blot it
" out of your Bible." The poor deluded People, who ftood by, were
fo much exafperated at this Reply, that one of the Troopers ftruck the
good Man in the Face with his Gantlet, fo violently, that the Blood
gufhed out from his Mouth and Noftrils ; whereupon the Bifhop return
ed him to the Colonel. He again fent him back to the Bifhop, who
made him the Subject of Mirth and Scorn all that Night: And the next
Day, being Sunday, he, with the reft of his innocent Companions, were
faften'dto the Stake; nay, fo far did their Malice work, that, by way
of Diverfion, they placed the poor . Children in the Lap of Wencejlaus.
The Bifhop, who flood by, admonifhed them to abjure that Part cf the
Sacrament in which the Cup is ufed : But the faithful Curate made Ai:-
fwerfor him and his, " God forbid ; we had rather fuffer an hundred
" Deaths, if it were poffible, than deny a Truth fb clearly revealed in the
. " Gofpel." On this, the Executioner was commanded to fet the Fag
gots on fire ; who immediately, with the Flame, fent them up a grate
ful Sacrifice to the Almighty; Wencejlaus being the laft that gave up
theGhoft. The latter End of the fame Month, a Taylor, whofe Name was alfo
Wencejlaus, was Shut up in a Tub, and burnt at Prague : It was objected
againft him, that, at a Monftrance, he difhonoured the Sacrament ; not
only by refufing to rife, but afterwards by turning his Back on the
Hoft. Soon after Martin Loans, a Man of good Repute in Prague, was ap
prehended. He was accufed for renewing the Error of the Valdenfes in
the Solemnity ofthe Sacrament, and. for affirming, by a horrible Pro-
fanenefs, that both the Bread and the Cup were to be given into the
Hands ofthe Communicants; but, by the Interceffion of the Tabor enes,
he efcaped for that Time, and was deliver'd from his Confinement. But
knowing well the Madnefs of the Times, and the envious Difpofition of
the Papifts, he thought fit to remove into Moravia, taking with him Pro
copius Jednook as a Companion. As they travelled through Cbrudim, they
were taken by Captain Denis, and being both manacled, and loaded
with heavy Irons, they were examined what their Judgment was con
cerning the Sacrament. Martin made anfwer, " The Body of Chrift is
" in Heaven ; for he hath but one Body, not many." The Captain gave
him a Box on the Ear, for uttering, what he termed, a horrid Blafphe-
my ; and immediately called for the Hangman to burn the Hereticks.
. But Ambrofe, the Paftor of Hrada, being prefent, defired that thofe two
G Men

4^ The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION.
Men might be deliver'd to his Care, which the Captain granted. He
kept them fifteen Days Prifoners at Hrada, endeavouring to make them
acknowledge that they were in an Error, and recant ; but when he found
.them refolute in their Opinion, he fent them to Randuice, where they were
thruft into a dark Dungeon for two Months, none of the People being
Suffered to come unto them. In this horrid Place, they were moft
cruelly tormented; they were confumed with Fire, till fome of their
Bowels came forth, to make them confefs from whence they derived their
Errors, and who were their Accomplices in Prague. In the midft of
thefe Pangs, they were admonifhed to return from their Errors, into the
Paths of Truth ; to which they fmilingly anfwer'd, " Not we, but you,
" muft think of returning ; for you are drawn afide from the Word of
" God, to the vile Impoftures of Anti-chrift, and you do foolifhly
" worfhip the Creature inftead ofthe Creator." When they Were
.brought forth to be burnt, the Priefts afked, if they would not defire
the People's Prayers ? To which they replied, " We do not need their
" Prayers ; pray for your felves, O ChriftianS, and for thofe who do fe-
" duce you, that the everlafting Father of Light may bring you out of
" Darknefs." After which Speech, they were inftantly fhut up together
in a Tub, and thrown into the Fire.
In the Year 1441, feveral Perfons were taken at Prague ; among
whom were three Divines and two wealthy Citizens ; fome for being
addicted to Martin's Opinion, and others for forbidding the Torches- to
be lighted at the Altar before the taking of the Sacrament, For thefe
fuppofed Crimes, they all underwent the fiery Trial: Such has been the
tender Mercy of the Papifts in all Ages.

CHAP.

The Hiftory ofthe. I N Q U I S IT 1 0 N. 43

CHAP. VII.
Of the Eflablipment of the I n Qjr i s r t i o n in Spain ; flrft againfl the
Moors and Jews, then againfl Hereticks ; its Power, Method of Pro
ceeding, Privileges, &c.
TH E Inquifition was brought pretty early into feveral Kingdoms of
Spain, but as yet it either had not been fixed in Caftile and Leon,
or was there grown into Difufe. Ferdinand and Ifabel, having united
the feveral Kingdoms of Spain by their Inter-marriage, after having ob
tained fignal Victories- over the Moprs, order'd Tribunals of the Inquifi-,
tion to be erected throughout all their Kingdoms. It is not eafy to be
determined whether they did this out of their blind Zeal for Religion, or
that they might poffefs their Kingdoms in greater Peace and Security, af
ter having expelled the Mahometan and Jewip Superftitions out of them;
or, as fome believe, becaufe they affected the univerfal Monarchy of
Europe i and therefore, by fome notable Undertaking, to fhew their great
Zeal for the Roman Religion, endeavour'd to fecure the Good- will and
Favour of the Pope. However, as the Inquifition had flourished for
many Years iri Italy, France, Germany, Poland, and Arragon, they in
troduced the Inquifition into all their Kingdoms by Authority of Pope
Sixtus, with greater Pomp, Magnificence, and Power, that they might
not be exceeded by any Nation, but might rather exceed all others, in
their Endeavours to maintain the Roman Faith againft all Opposition.
The Pretence was this :
That by the Licentioufnefs of former Times great Corruptions had arifeu
in the Kingdom, Moors, Jews, and Chriftians promifcuoufly converting,
and having all fort of Commerce with each other; that by fuch Com
merce and Familiarity fome Chriftians might be eafily infected, and others
forfake the Chriftian Worfhip which they had received, after having re
nounced their native Superftition, being weak in the Faith, and having
none to forbid them. The Infection was faid to have fpread moft at Se
ville, where many, after being privately put to the Queftion, fuffered the
moft grievous Punifhments. The Occafion was this : Alphonfus Hojeda,
Prior pf the Convent of St. Paul at Seville, a Predicant, had for many
Years, in his Sermons to the People, bitterly inveighed againft thofe,
G 2 who,

44 The Hiftory of the I ; N QU I S I T I O N.
who, leaving the Profeflion of Christianity, apoftatized to Judaifot'
This Man was informed, by a certain Citizen ofthe Family of the Guff
mans, that on a Thurjday, during the Feftival of the Sacrament, the firft
Vigil of the Night, feveral Jews and Apoftates had got together in
fome Houfes, and there performed the Jewip Ceremonies, and uttered
execrable Blafphemies and Reproaches againft our Saviour. All thefe
Things Gufman faw with his Eyes in a private Part of a Houfe, where
he concealed himfelf with a Girl. The Prior perfuaded Gufman to write
all thefe Things down, and Sign them with his Name," and then imme
diately went and difcover'd all to the King and Queen at Cordova. They
ordered that the Affair fhould be enquired into. Upon this, : the. Prior,
put fix of this Number into Irons in the Convent of St. Paul, afterwards
feveral more of them, and at laft feverely punifhed all of them, according
to the Nature of their Offence. They who were the moft guilty were
burnt, after long Imprifonment and Torture ; fuch as were lefs guilty,
had their Families render'd infamous; great Numbers had their JEftates
confifcated, and were condemned to perpetual Darknefs and Chains. A
large red Crofs, with crofs Rays, upon a yellow Garment, which they
call San Benito, different from the reft, was put on moft of them, as an
Example to others, and to be a Terror to them. AH thefe Things feem-
ed at firft grievous to the Provincials, but efpecially that the Children.
fhould fuffer for the Parents Crimes, that People fhould be render'd guilty?
by a private Accufer, and condemned without being confronted with "the
Informer, contrary to the ancient Cuftom, when Offences againft Reli
gion were punifhed with Death. But what they looked on as the worft,
was, that the Inquifitors took away all Liberty of free Converfation, ha
ving their Spies in Cities, Towns, and Villages, which they thought to
be the' loweft Slavery. Amongft many different Judgments, fome were
againft Death, though all thought very fevere Punifhments fhould be in
flicted. Others thought they ought not to have the Benefit of -Life and
the common Air ; that they ought to be punifhed with Forfeiture of
Goods, and with Infamy, without any Regard to their Children ; that
this was wifely provided for by the LaWs, that Parents fhould be render'd
more cautious, by their Affection for their Children ; that dropping of
Actions would be prevented, by allowing private W'itneffes; and that by
this Means none would be punifhed but fuch as were plainly convicted
©r confefled : That the ancient Cuftonis of the Church were often chan
ged, as Affairs and Times requited } and that greater Liceutioufnefs ought to

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N. 4r
to be reft'rained with greater Severity. Judges were chofen out of eveiy
Province, to whofe Pleafure the Fortunes, Reputations, and Lives of all
Perfons were committed.
Thefe Tranfactions at Seville were foon known all over Spain ; upon
which divers Intimations were given to their Catholick Majefties, that
moft ofthe Jews lately converted to the Faith, whofe Parents had been
perfwaded to believe by the Sermons of St. Vincentius Ferrerius, ufed fe-
credy in their Houfes the Jewip Rites, and taught Chriftians the old
Law : That .therefore they earneftly befought their Majefties, out of their
Catholick Piety, . to put a Stop to thefe growing Evils, left the poifonous
Contagion fhould every Day Spread farther; for otherwife, unlefs a Re
medy was immediately applied, great Inconveniences would accrue to the
Church of God. . Amongft thefe, the Chief were Peter Gonzalez a Men-
doza, Archbifhop of Seville, Friar Thomas a Turrecremata, a Predicant,
the Prior of the^anvent of the Holy Crofs/ at Segovia, and their Maje
fties Confeflbr. --Sy his Inftigation principally, Ferdinand and Elizabeth
placed Gonzalez Mendoza, Archbifhop of Seville, overall Caufes ofthe
Faith, joining in Commiffion with him Friar Thomas a Turrecramata,,
to recover the Office ofthe Inquifition, .which,, in Procefs of Time, had
very much declined in that Kingdom, to its former Vigour and Seve
rity. By Authority of the Bull of Sixtus IV. they appointed only two Inqui
fitors at Seville; Friar Michael a.Morillo, and Friar John a S. Martina ;
the firft Doctor, the other Bathelor. of Divinity, both Predicants. Anno
1482, the Pope confirmed thefe two, who were chofen Inquifitors by
their Majefties, upon this Condition, that they fhould proceed in Caufes
of Faith, in Conjunction with the Ordinaries of Places, according to the
Order ofthe Law : But, becaufe the Pope apprehended that the Inquifi
tors, which were fettled either by the General or the Provincials of the
Dominican Order in the Provinces, were fufficient to manage the Affairs
ofthe Faith, he deprived their Majefties ofthe Power of making Inqui
fitors .in other Places, Anno 14.$ 2, the fame Sixtus IV. at the Requeft
of their faid Majefties, appointed by his Bull, bearing Date the 3 ^ qf the
Ides oi February,, feven -Dominicans Cenfofs ofthe Faith, who might have
Cognizance of Matters relating to the Faith, in the Kingdoms of Cefiik
and Leon, becaufe the two Inquifitors at Seville were not fufficient.
Thefe, by the Pope's Command, made a fevere Inquifitfon againft all
who were fecretly guilty of Judaifm, Within

ifi The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Within the Time fixed for Perfons voluntarily to confefs their Sins, with
the Hopes of Pardon, about feventeen thoufand of both Sexes appeared,
who had their Lives granted them. Many, however, refufed to obey ei
ther the Papal Letters, or Royal Edicts, but perfifted, as Popifh Writers
fay, in their Herefy ; for which they were feized, upon the Teftimbriy
of credible Witneffes, and, through the Violence of their Torments, con-
feffing their Crimes, were thrown into the Fire ; of which fome are re
ported to have bewailed their Sins, and acknowledged Chrift ; whilft
others perfifted in their Errors, calling on the Name of Mofes. Within- a
few Years, two thoufand of them, of both Sexes, were burnt j others,
profeffing Repentance, were condemned to perpetual Imptifonment^
Others wore Croffes ; the Bones of others who were dead were taken out
of their Graves and burnt to Allies, their Effects cohfifcated, and their
Children deprived of their Honours and Offices. Moft pf the Jews, be
ing terrified with this Cruelty, left their Country and*Houfes, and, ia
this great Diftrefs of their Afiairs, fled from the Kingdoms of their Ca
tholick Majefties. Many went into Portugal, many into Navarre,
others into Italy, others into France and other GouHtries, where they
thought they could be fafe ; all whofe Goods and Effects, moveable and
immoveable, if they had any, their Catholick Majefties diftributed to-'
wards the War, which was then made againft the Moors, and other
Barbarians. Thefe Things amounted to a prodigious Sum.; In Ahdah-fta
and Granada alone, . thofe who fled with their Wives and Children left
five thoufand naked and empty Houfes. Others, according to Paramus,
affirm, that their Number was much greater; this is certain, diat, in
the City and Diocefe of Seville only, there were above an hundred thou
fand Perfons, alive or dead, prefent or abfent, who were condemned for
Contumacy, or reconciled to the Church.
And thus the different Opinions, concerning the Year of appointing the
Inquifition in Spain, may be eafily reconciled. They all agree, that the
Inquifition was firft introduced Anno 1478; but that the firft I nquifi tor-
General, and the fupreme Council of the Inquifition, was not fixed till
the Year 1483.
The Method of this Tribunal, as now in Ufe, is this : The King pro-
pofes to the Pope the fupreme Inquifitor of all his Kingdoms, whom the
Pope confirms in his Office. The Inquifitor, thus confirmed by the Pope,
is Head and Chief of the Inquifition in the whole Kingdom and hath
given him, by his Holinefs, full Power in all Cafes relating to Herefy.
It belongs to his pffice to name particular Inquifitors, in every Place
where

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 47
where there is any Tribunal of the Inquifition ; who, neverthelefs, can
not act, unlefs approved by the King, to fend Vifltors to the Provinces
of the Inquifitors, to grant Difpenfations to Penitents and their Children,
and to deliberate concerning other very weighty Affairs. In the Royal
City, the King appoints the fupreme Council of the Inquifition, over
which the fupreme Inquifitor of the Kingdom prefides. He hath joined
With him five Counfellors, who have the Title of Apoftolical Inquifitors,
who are chofe by the Inquifitor-General, upon the King's Nomination.
One of thefe muff always be a -Dominican^ according to the Conftitution
oi Philip III. dated £ftc. 16, 1618. Befides thefe, there is an Advocate
Fifcal, two ' Secretaries, and one of the King's, one Receiver, two Re
lators, feveral .Qiialificators, and Counfellors. There are alfo Officials de
puted by the Prefident-, with the King's Advice. The fupreme Authority
is in this Council of the Inquifition. They deliberate upon all Affairs
with the InqtiifitOr-Genefal, determine the greater Cafes, make new
Laws, according to the Exigency of Affairs, determine Differences amongft
particular Inqrrintbrs, punifh the Offences of the Servants, receive Ap
peals from inferior Tribunals, and from them there is no Appeal but to
the King. In other Tribunals, there are two or three Inquifitors ; they
have particular Platers aSfigned them, Toledo, Cuenca, Valiadolid, Cala-
htrre, Seville, Cordon?, Granada, Ellerena, and in the Arragons, Va
lencia, Saragoffh, , and! Barcelona.
Thefe are called' Provincial Inquifitors., They cannot imprifon any
Pfieft, Knight, or Nobleman, nor hold any Publick Acts of Faith,
without confulting the fupreme Council of the Inquifition. Sometimes
this fupreme Council .deputes one of their own Counfellors to them, in
order to give the greater Sblerrinity to the Acts of Faith.
Thefe Provincial Iiiqulfitors give all of them an Account of their Pro
vincial Tribunal, ortce every Year, to the fupreme Council, and efpecially
of the Caufes that have been determined within that Year, and of the
State and Number of their Prifoners in actual Cufiody. They give alfo
evety Month an Account of all Monies which they have received, ei
ther from the Revenues of the Holy Office, or pecuniary Punifhments
and. Fines. ' '* '
This Council ' meets every Day, except Holy-Days, in the Palace
Royal, on Mondays, Wednefdays, and Fridays, in the Morning ; and on
Tuefdays, Tfhurfdap, and Saturdays, after Vefpers: In thefe three laft
Days', two Cotihfelldrs' ofthe fupreme Council of Caflrle meet with them,
who are alfo CojtmfellorS of the fupreme-Council of the Inquifition. This

48 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
This Tribunal is now arifen to fuch an Height in Spain, that the King
oiCaffile, before his Coronation, fubjects himfelf and all his Dominions,
by a fpecial Oath, to the moft holy Tribunal of this' moft fevere In
quifition. ; . ,- ;
This Office is not, as formerly, committed to. the Predicant op Domi
nican Friars: They began to employ itin the Secular Clergy, who were
fkilful in the Decrees and Laws, till at laft the whol&Power gradually- de
volved on them, fo that now the Dominican Friars have no Part in it ;
though the Inquifitors oftentimes ufe their Afliftance, in judging of Pro
pofitions, and they are employ'd as Counfellors in the -Holy Office.
The firft Inquifitor-General in, the Kingdoms of Spain, was,Triar Tho
mas Turrecremata, a Predicant, Prior of the Monaftery of the" Holy
Crofs at Segovia, who was in high Efteem with their Majefties, as having
often expiated their Sins by Penance. Paramus relates, that he was created
Inquifitor-General of the Kingdoms of Caftile and Leon, "by Sixtus IV.
Anno 1483 ; and that the Pope gave him Power, hy his Letters,' of ma
king fuch Inquifitors as he thought proper, and of recalling thofe. who
had been Inquifitors there before ; and ordered him to make ufe of the
new Method appointed in managing Caufes of the Faith, which was
much more proper than the old one. Afterwards me; feme Pope mad,e
the Provinces of Arragon, Valencia, Catalonia, and Sicily, Subject" to the
fupreme Inquifitor of Caftile and Leon, by his. Bull-, expedited the Jams
Year 1483. This Bull -Innocent VIII. whofueceeded Sixtus in the Pon
tificate, confirmed, as far as it related to Caftile and Leon, Annt ? 14&5J
and the next Year, as it related ta Arragon, Valencia, and Catatonia*
Alexander VI. did the fame. .' '".'.'ff "-\
In the Year 1484, as we may- collect from the iirft Inffructionof Se
ville, there was held/ by the Papal Authority, and at the Defire of their
Catholick Majefties, a famous Afiembly of Men, moft learned ," in both.
Laws, and in Divinity, at Seville ; Friar Thomas de Turrecremata, Inqui
fitor-General of all Spain, being Prefident ; in which the Method, of
Proceeding againft heretical Pravity was agreed on, and feveral Laws and
Conftitutions made and fettled, which- thq Inquifitors ufe to this Day.
This Order was afterwards enlarged by other Instructions. In the fame
Affembly it was provided, that the Inquifitors fhould publifh an Edict in
their Diocefes ; by which it was order'd, that whofoever, within forty,
fifty, or more Days, as they fhould judge proper, fhould voluntarily and
fully confefs their Errors and Herefies before the Inquifitors, and fhould
difcover other Hereticks, fhould be admitted to wholfome Penance, and
recon-

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 49
reconciled to the Church, widiout fuffering Death, Irons, or the For
feiture and Confifcation of their Effects.
Ludovicus a Paramo relates, diat, in the Year 1485, there wfcre fa
mous Acts of the Inquifition, by the Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, in
the Town of Guadalup, held in a Pulpit and on a very large Scaffold,
erected before the Doors of the Church, in the Church-Yard, over againft
the Market Place ; in which Acts of the Inquifition, which were feven
or eight, Friar Didachus Marchena, an heretical Monk, and fifty two
for judaifing, of both Sexes, were deliver'd over to the Fire; forty fix
Bodies of Hereticks were dug out of their Graves, and adjudged to the
Flames ; the Images of twenty five abfent Perfons were burnt, fixteen
condemned to perpetual Punifhment, befides innumerable others fent to
the Gallies ; and others condemned to wear confecrated coarfe Habits, as
a Mark of perpetual Penance and Infamy.
Pope Sixtus IV. at the Defire of Ferdinand and Ifabel, extended the
fupreme Power of the Inquifition, which he had granted to Thomas a
Turrecremata, in the Kingdom of Caftile, to Arragon, Catalonia, Va
lencia, and Sicily. However, great Oppofition was made to this Tribu
nal in Arragon; many declaring, that this new Form of the Inquifition
was contrary to the Prerogatives and Liberties of the Kingdom, and was
in it felf too Severe and unrighteous ; that the Depofitions of the Witnefies
were not fhewn to the Criminals ; and that Perfons Eftates were confif-
cated becaufe of fome heretical Mark ; which Things, they affirmed,
were not only contrary to the Ufage of the Kingdom, but to every Rule
of Juftice. And, that they might more eafily obtain the Abrogation of
the Inquifition, they fent a large Sum of Money to the Courts of the Pope,
and of the King. However, they obtained nothing ; fo that at laft the
People broke out into an open Tumult j which Raynald and Ozovius
principally attribute to the new Converts, who, from the Jewifb Super
stition and Race, were converted to Christianity. Many of the principal
Men joined themfelves to them, who complained that new Laws were in-*-
troduced contrary to the Libertines of Arragon. During this Sedition,
Peter Arbueftus, the Inquifitor, was killed at Saragoffa, as he was faying
his Prayers before the High Altar. The Murder was imputed to the
Jews. [The Murderers, as Paramus relates, were, not long after, all
taken up by tho Inquifitors, delivered over to the Secular Arm, and Suf
fered moft dreadful Punifhments.] But all Attempts for the Liberty of
Arragon were in vain ; and fo far was this Tribunal of the Inquifition in
Matters of Religion from being abolifhed, that, upon the Death of thofe
H i who

jo The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I O N.'
who oppofed* it, it was much more ftrongly confirmed than ever. For
Ferdinand and Ifabel, to give the greater Authority to' the Tribunal of the
Inquifition, gave the Royal Palace at Saragoffa to the Judges of the Faith,
and, by many Provifions, confirmed the Tribunal of the Faith. ^
They alfo endeavoured to propagate the Office of the Inquifition in allt
their Kingdoms. -Pope Innocent VIIL publifhed a Decree, Anno 149 1,
againft thofe who fhould hinder any from appealing to .the! Apoftolick ;
See. When that Conftitution was publifhed, it happen'd that the Bifhops
oi Segovia and Calahorre in Spain, their Parents, Kindred, and fome;
other illuftrious Ecclefiaftical Perfons, powerful for their Riches and In
tereft, were accufed of Herefy before the Inquifitor-General of Arragon,
Valencia, and Catalonia. They appealed to Pope Innocent, that they
might not' be tried in the ordinary Court, but that their; Caufe ; might be
determined at the Court of Rome. Friar Thomas Turrecremata was at
that Time Inquifitor-General. The King and Queen thought that, that
Appeal was made to efcape Juftice, and would occafion great Scandal
and Danger, and therefore intimated to the Pope what. Was neceffary to
preferve the Faith, and befought him that he would not fuffer any Per
fons, by frivolous Pretences, to bring the ordinary Jurifdiction of, the
Holy Office into Contempt. The Pope was not ignorant that the Caufes
ofthe Biihops, when guilty of Herefy, belonged to the Apoftolick See ;
but, however, did not cite them to Rome, but appointed the Bifhop of
Tournay his Nuncio or Commiffary in Spain, who fhould examine the
Caufe jointly with the Inquifitor, and report the whole . Affair upon the
Judiciary Procefs to the Apoftolick See, and wait for the Determination
of his Holinefs thereupon ; but ordered that the Inquifitor fhould proceed
upon all others, who were not Bifhops, accufed of Herefy, according to
his Office. Paramus adds, " That when it was afterwards found by
" Experience, and the Event of Things; that great Inconveniences arofe
?' from that Method of Proceeding, the Pope ordered that the Inquifitorr
if General fhould, determine in all Caufes of Appeal, which is obferved
" to this Day, the Pope never fuffering fuch Affairs to be brought before
" the Apoftolick See upon any Appeal whatfoever."
In the mean: time, Ferdinand had made great Slaughter of the Moors,
and, at laft, entirely fubdued them in the. Kingdom oi. Granada, having
reduced the City , of Granada it Self into his Power. And therefore, : to
purge their Kingdoms entirely, of the Jewip Superftition, Ferdinand and
¦Ifabel, by a Law, drove the Jews out of Spain; to whom, however,
after a long Confultation of ¦ the wife Men, was granted the Space of
four

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 5*1
four Years, within which they were either to be converted to the Ca
tholick Faith, or fell all their Effects, ^ and depart from Spain, with all
the Goods and Chattels they had purchafed with Money. ' For, as Pa-
ramus fays, they were not allowed to carry Money out of Spain, either
Silver or Gold, becaufe it had been prohibited by Law long before, for
the Publick Good. This Edict was render'd more fevere, by a new Con
ftitution oi Thomas Turrecremata, Inquifitor-General ofthe Faith, in the
Month oi April, who forbad all the Pious to have any Commerce with
that Nation ; and prohibited them, under a grievous Penality, to, aflift
them with Provision, or any other Thing, after the Peried of Time
that he had fet them. The fame Thomas had before perfwaded the
King and Queen, that they fhould not, for the fake of a large Sum of
Money, difpenfe with' the Confifcation of their Effects, at the earneft
¦Prayers of the Jews. But Paramus tells';us, that he went up to the. Pa
lace, and hid Ainder his Habit a Crucifix, and thus fpoke to the King
and Queen with great Freedom : I underfland the King's Affair. Behold
the Image of our crucified Saviour, whom that moft wretched Judas fold to
his Enemies for thirty Pieces qf Silver, and betray d him to his Perfe'cutors.
If ye approve that Deed, fell him for a greater Price. As to my f elf, I
-renounce all. Power. f Lei nothing be imputed to me. You mifl give an
Account. of 'the Bargain to God. After this, he laid down the Crucifix
-beforelthem, and 'departed. When the Time was elapfed, they who
perfifted in their Religion were forced to depart, with their Wives, Chil-
-dren, Servants, Families, and Effects, and forbidden ever to return into
Spainy where if they were ever after found, they were to be imme
diately punifhed with Death and Confifcation of Goods. It was alfo pro
vided,, by the Pragmatick Laws, that no Jew fhould ever enter Spain,
upon any Pretence whatfoever, under the fame Penalty of Death, and
-Confifcation of Goods, if ever found there ; and that it fhould fignify no
thing, though they declared they were willing to be converted to the
Faith, .unlets they fhould make publick Proteftation of it upon their firft
Entrance into the Kingdom. And if any Chriftian Was convicted of
harbouring the Jews, all his Effects were to be forfeited. The Number
of thofe who were thus banifhed from Spain, were four hundred thou
sand .Jews, according to Reuchlin and others. Mariana fays, 'tis not
eafy to reduce them to any certain Number. Moft Writers affirm, there
were an hundred and feventy thoufand Families that departed ; others fay,
there were eight hundredithoufand Perfons; a prodigious Number, ai-
<tnoft exceeding Belief. Some of them, who were alitde<more dilatory
••'-'¦ H 2 in

St The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
in gathering together their Effects, and would not turn Chriftians, were
fold for Slaves ; and of thofe who left their Country, Surita tell us, many
died of the Fatigues of travelling, or the Plague.
The Jews, thus driven from Spain, fled, for the moft Part, into Port
ugal, and obtained from King John, under certain Conditions, that they
might live there for a certain Seafon. The Conditions were chiefly thefe :
That every one fhould pay to the King eight Pieces of Gold, and leave
Portugal within a limited Time, and forfeit their Liberty if they exceed
ed it; and that the King fhould grant them free Liberty to fail away.
Whilft the King lived, he took great Care to perform his Promife to
the jews. He commanded his Officers in the Ports, that they fhould
agree with the Mafters of Ships, for tranfporting the Jews where they
pleafed for a reafonable Price } and farther order'd, that no one fhould
injure them. But it happen'd far otherwife ; for the Merchants and Ma
fters, who had received the Jews on board their Ships, ufed them very
cruelly at Sea. Not contented with the Price they had agreed for, they
ufed all the Methods they could invent to extort more from them;
and, befides this, even forced their Wives and Daughters. Thefe horrid
Abufes terrifying the Jews that yet remained in Portugal, and they not-
being able, through Poverty, to purchafe, within the Time, theNeceffa-
ries for their Voyage, fuffer'd it to elapfe, and thus loft their Liberty ;
and he who wanted a Jew Servant, begged him of the King. In the
mean while King John died.
His Succeffor Emanuel, finding that the Jews could not help flaying
longer in Portugal than the Time fixed them by John, gave them all
their Liberty. Some Time after this, he was advifed, by the King and
Queen of Caftile by Letters, not to fuffer that wicked Nation, hated by
God and Man, to abide in Portugal. After mature Deliberation of the
Affair, he commanded all the Jews and Moors in Portugal who would:
pot profefs the Chriftian Religion, to depart the Kingdom, and fet them
a Day; after which, if any of them were found there, they fhould forfeit
their Liberty. The Moors immediately paffed over into Africa : And as
the Jews were preparing to depart, the King commanded that all their
Children, who were not above fourteen Years old, fhould be taken from
their Parents, and educated in the Chriftian Religion. It was a moft aflat-
ing Thing, to fee Children matched from the Embraces of their Mo
thers and Fathers embracing the Children violendy torn from them, and
even beat with Clubs to hear the dreadful Cries they made, and every
Place filled with the Lamentations and YehY of Women. -Many, thro'
Indig-

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N. T3
Indignation, threw their Sons into Pits, and others killed them with their
own Hands. What added to their Mifery was, that thofe who would
have gone over to Africa to avoid thefe Evils, were not fuffer'd ; for the
King deferred giving them the Liberty of failing Day after Day. And al
though at firft he afligned them three Ports, where they might go on
board, he afterwards forbid their failing from any other but that of Lifi
bon. This brought a vaft Number of the Jews to that City. But, in
the mean while, the appointed Day was paft, fo that fuch of them as
could not get off, were neceflarily made Slaves. Moft of them being
overcome with-thefe Calamities, chofe rather, either fincerely or feigned-
ly, to make Profeflion of Chriftianity, than to live in fuch Miferies,
and being baptized, recovered their Liberty and Children. No Violence,
however, was offered to the Moors, left the Saracens in Afia and Africa
fhould make Reprifals on the Chriftians in thofe Countries.
The Papifts ufually afcribe this A<tkm ofthe King's to a pious Mind,
and his Zeal to propagate the Chriftian Religion, and provide for the Sal
vation of Children, and yet, in the mean while, condemn it, as wicked
and unjuft, and contrary, to the. Laws and Conftitution of the Gofpel ;
finceitisnot lawful to compel any one againft his WiU to the Chriftian
Worfhip, or to take Children from their Parents,, unlefs the Parents for
feit their Right in them by their Crimes. ....[.
In the Year 1500, Francis Ximenes, Archbifhop of Toledo, by the
Pope's Perfuafion, took great Pains to convert the Moors of Granada ta
the Chriftian Faith. He firft of all gained over their chief Priefts, whom
they call Alfaquins, hy Gifts and Favours. A great Number followed
their Example ; however, others vjgoroufly oppofed Ximenes, and en
deavoured to deter the Moors from Chriftianity. Ximenes ordered theje to
be put in Irons in Prifon, and to be very cruelly ufed. Of this Number was
one Zegri, who was die moft powerful amongft them, upon account of
the Nobility of his Birth, and his excellent Qualifications of Mind and
Body. Ximenes, laying afide altnoft, all JIumamty, determined to punijh
him nioft jeverely. , H&delivef 'd him to one Peter Lyon, his Chaplain, a
Man of a truly Lyon-like Mind, who foon brought him to Ximenes $
Beck, and made him in a few Days defire to fee carried before the Alfa-
fuin oi the Chriftians. Bound and dirty as he was, he came before
Ximenes, and declared he would be a Chriftian ; for that he had had a
Vifion from Aid (as the Moors call Gqd) that Night, admonifhing him
to it.. But truly, fays he'^ laughing, I am a Fool tofeekfor Arguments any
where elfi- butforom thy fleece Lyont to wj>$ keeping, , ifapy of us are com
mitted.

;f 4 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
mitt ed,- they will immediately -become Chriftians. :Upon this he declared
himfelf a . Christian, and was baptized, ojaiid' experienced '. XiMenes's
B, ounty. He was afterwards of great Service, not only in promoting Chri
ftianity amongft his Countrymen, but to the Commonwealth. Ximenes^.
glorying in this Succefs, commanded all the Alcorans, and all other-
Books whatfoever that had any Thing in them of the Mahometan Super
stition, to be brought publickly together. There were about five thou-,
fand Volumes, which were all opeftlyhurnt inione.Heapjto a fingle Book,
except fome few relating to Medicine, which, for the1 Honour of ;fo j ufe-,
ful an Art,, were faved from the Flames, and laid up in the Q>mplutenftax>
Library. One of Ximenes' 's Family, called Salzedus, came with two Servants to
the Albaizinum. This is a Place in the City oi>Granada, craggy, and
hanging over the reft of the City, and feparated from it by its own
Walls. . When they were come here, firft there arofe reproachful Words
between them and the Inhabitants, at laft they came to Blows, and the
two Companions of Salzedus were killed) by the, Multitude. .- Salzedus-
fled for it, and, with great Difficulty, efcaped. . However the Tumult:
encreafed, fo that the whole City was in an Uproar. : Their Defign was,
to pull down the Houfe ofXimeke's.^ The Tumult lafted ten-Days, and
was at laft fuppreffed by the Garrifon. ¦ TheAlbaiziwenfes. were condemn'd
for High Treafon, and had the Choice given them of Death or Baptifm,
upon which to a Man they embraced Chriftianity. The Archbifhop of
Granada took Care to have them daily inftructed in the Chriftian Myfle-
ries. He alfo ordered fome Leffons out of the Old and New Teftament
to be read to the new1 Converts in the Moorifh Language; and permitted
the printing of fome Books, in which fome Parts, of : the Service of • the,
Mats, and fome Paflages of the Gofpel, were . translated into Arabick.,
But Ximenesv/ould not fuffer it, faying, It' was a Sin to throw Pearl before
Swine. He allowed, indeed, the Ufe of fome Books written by pious-
Men in the vulgar Tongue ; but faid, That the Old and New-Tefiament,
in which there were many Things that required a learned and attentive Rea
der, and a chqffe- and pious Mind, pould be Kept in thofe three Languages
only, which God, not wkhdt the greateftMyftery, ordered to be placed over
his moft dear Son s Head, when he fuffer ed the Death of • the Crofs-, and
affirmed, That then Chriftianity would Jkffer the greatefl Mijchief when the
Bible pould be tranjlated into the vulgar Tongues.
This Tumult fpread beyond the Kingdom oi Granada. , Ximenes, by
the Permiffion of the Inquifitors,. Endeavoured to force certain Moors, called

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. si
called Efches, who had embraced Chriftianity, and afterwards rejected it,
to become Christians again, and commanded their Children to be vio
lently taken from them and baptized. This was the Beginning of Troubles,
which, afterwards grew to fuch an Height, that the Moors formed a Con-
fpir^cy, (and rebelled in many. Places.^ , Butas their Forces were inferior
to the Spaniards, they were fubdued, and forced to turn Chriftians. The
King granted, that as- -many as would fhould go. oyer to Africa, and
provided them Ships to tranfport them at the Port of Aftopa, demanding
from every one that went over ten Pieces of Gold only, as the Price of
their Liberty. They who , would not leave their Country, he ordered to
become fincere Christians.- This Agreement being made, many went
into Africa, though moft of them remained in Spain, pretending themfelves
to be Chriftians, but not a jot better than thofe who left H, being, of a very
obflinute, and wicked Difpofition.
Anno 1501, Ferdinand, King of Caftile, at the Inftigation of Pope
Alexander, took great Pains in cateehifing the Moors, and preventing their
Apoftacy. He publifhed an Edict Iji Caftile, againft the Moors. in that
Province, and efpecially againft thofe of Andalufia, Granada, and Arra^
gOn, commonly called Mudegiares, > who lived and traded promifeuoufly
with the Pious, that unlefs they would become Chriftians, they Should de
part his Dominions within a certain Day.
Upon the Death oi Ferdinand, Charles Succeeded h jm. The new Converts
offered him eight hundred thoufand Pieces ofGold, if he : would command that
the Witneffes atdie Tribunal of the Inquifition fhould be always made
publick. ,The Young King* who was about eighteen Years old, had agreat
Mind to the Money. But Cardinal -Ximenes, Inquifitor General, Shewed
him the great Danger of fech a Methodj and that the Church would re
ceive great Injury by it, and by putting him in Mind of his Grandfather
Ferdinand, prevailed with the King to. refute, the Offer. '
The Tribunal of the Inquifition in Spain, at firft erected to difcover
Jews and Moors,- now; began to. proceed againft Hereticks, and exercifed
the fame Cruelty againft , thefe, as they had hitherto againft the others,
Charles N. King oiSpain, who with great Difficulty had brought the In
quifition into the Netherlands againft the -Lutherans, and Reformed, recom
mended ittohisSon.P/6^/>'in.hisvWill.: Wehavethe Claufe of the Will
given us by' Cefdr Carena, in. which the Emperor thus Speaks : Out of
Regard to my Duty to. Almighty , God, -affd from my great ' Aff'eBioii . to the
moft ferene. Prince Philip \\„my dearefl Son, and from the flrong and earnejl
rDjfire I.fhave, that he. may. be fafe under the ProteBion of Virtue, rather
¦ i/l than

S6 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
than the Greatnefs of his Riches, I charge him, with the gredteft Afftfthnof
Soul, that he take efpecial Care of all Things relating to the Honour and
Glory of God, as becomes the moft Catholick King, and a Prince zealous
for the divine Commands ; and that he be always obedient to tbe Commands
of our holy Mother the Church. And, amongfl other Things, this I princi
pally and moft ardently recommend to him, highly to honour and conftantty
tofupport the Office ofthe holy Inquifition, as conftituted by God againft he~
retical Pravity, with its Minifters and Officials, becaufe by this jingle Re
medy the mofl grievous Offences againfl God can be-re"medkd. Aljo I com
mand him, that he would be careful to preferve to all Churches and eccJefi*
aftical Perfons their Immunities. And again in his Codicil to his Will j
i" ardently defire, and with tbegreatefl poffible Earneflnefs befeech him, and
command him by his Regards to me his moft affeBionate Father, that in this
Matter, in which the Welfare of all Spain is concerned, he be mofl zea-
loufly careful to punip all infeBed with Herefy with the Severity due to
their Crimes, and that to this Intent, he confer the greateft Honours on tbe
Office of the holy Inquifition, by the Care of which the Catholick Faith will
be encreafed in his Kingdoms, and the Chriftian Religion prcferved.
Philip gave full Proof of his Zeal to execute his Father's Commands.
For, as F ami anus Strada teftifies of him, when he was requefted by many
to grant Liberty of Religion in the Low Countries, he proftrated himfelf
before a Crucifix, and uttered thefe Words : I befeech the Divine' Majefly,
that I may always continue in this Mind; that! may never fuffer myj'elf
to be, or to be called the Lord of thofi any where, who deny Thee the Lord.
Nor is this any Wonder : For the Popifh Divines endeavour'd to per-
fuade the King of Spain, that the Inquifition was the only Security of
their Kingdom. Thus Leonardus Vellius, a Divine of the Jefuits Col
lege at Cremona, teftifies in his Letter to Ceefar Carena, prefixed to his
Treatife of the Office of the moft holy Inquifition ; where he fays : Since
the Kings of Spain came to that Government, which now almofl extends over
the World, we read of no SeB prof effing if felfan Enemy to the Pope, and
the Catholick Religion, which did not at the fame Time declare War againft
them. So that the Catholick Kings, and the Catholick Religion, have one
common Intereft and Caufe. And if Pope Paul V. ufed to acknowledge, that
by Means of the Inquifition, the Pontiffs preferved their Triple Crown; I
doubt not but that the wijefl Kings have been taught by long Experiemce, that
the Hereticks are dangerous Enemies to the Auftrian Power, and are abun
dantly perfuaded, that the Sceptre and Kingdom can only be fupported by the
Minifters of that facred Office. No one can wonder, that, under this
Per-

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. SI
Perfuafion the Spanip Kings have been violent Promoters of the Inquisi
tion ; and that they have inflicted the moft cruel Punifhments upon the
miferable Hereticks. Philip II. not only in the Low Countries, but alfo
in Spain, fhew'd himfelf the Patron of it ; and that the moft outragious
Cruelty was acceptable to him. He gave fome horrid Specimens of it in
the Year 1559, in two Cities oi Spain, when he came thither from the
Low Countries : i( Immediately on his Arrival, as Thuanus relates, he
" began to chaftife the Sectaries. And whereas before this, one or more,
" juft as it happen'd, were deliver'd to the Executioner, after Condemna-
" tion for Herefy, all that were condemned throughout the whole King-
" dom, were kept againft his coming, and carried together to Seville and
<c Valladolid, where they were brought forth in publick Pomp to their
" Punifhment. The firft Act of Faith was at Seville, the 8 th ofthe Ca-
" lends of OBober ; in which John Pontius oi Leon, Son of Rhoderick
" Pontius, Earl of Villalon, was led before the others, as in Triumph,
" and burnt for an obftinate heretical Lutheran. John Conj'alvus, a
il Preacher, as he had been his Companion in Life, was forced to bear
" him Company in his Death ; after whom foUowed Ifabella Vcenia,
" Maria Viroefia, Cornelia, and Bohorquia; a Spectacle full of Pity and
" Indignation, which was encreafed, becaufe Bohorquia, the youngeft
" of all of them, being fcarce twenty, fuffer'd Death with the greateft
" Conftancy. And becaufe the heretical Affemblies had pray'd in the
" Houfe oi Vcenia, it, was concluded in. her Sentence, and order'd to
" be leveUed with the Ground. After thefe came forth Ferdinand a Fano
" Johannis, and Julian Ferdinand, commonly called the Little, from his
" Small Stature, and John of Leon, who had been a Shoemaker at
" Mexico in New Spain, and was afterwards admitted into the College of
" St. Ifidore, in. which his Companions ftudied, as they boafted, the
" purer Dodrine privately. Their Number was encreafed by Frances
\l Chavefia, a Nun of the Convent of St. Elizabeth, who had been in-
u ftructed by John Mgidius, a Preacher at Seville, and fuffer'd Death
" with great Conftancy. From the fame School came out Chrifiopher
" Lofada, a Phyfician, and Chrifiopher Arellianus, a Monk of St. Ifidore,
" and Garfias Arias, who firft kindled thofe Sparks ofthe fame Reli-
"- gion amongft the Friars of St. Ifidore, by hisconftant Admonitions and
" Sermons, by which the great Pile was afterwards fet on Eire, and the
" Convent it felf, and good_Part of that moft ppulent City, was almoft
" confumed. He was a Man of uncommon Learning, but of an incon-
N°. 3. I "Slant

7 8 The Hiftory of the I N QU I

<c

¦ '

(<

ftant wavering Temper ; and^ being exceeding fuhtil in difputing, he
refuted the very Doctrines he had perfuaded his Followers to receive,
though he brought them into Danger on that Account from the Inqui
fitors. Having by thefe Arts expofed many, whom he had deceived,
to evident Hazard, and render'd himfelf guilty ofthe deteftable Crime
of Breach of Faith, he was admonifhed by John Mgidius, Confiantine
Pontius, and Varquius, that he had not dealt fincerely with his
Friends, and thofe who were in the fame Sentiments with himfelf: To
which he replied, That he forefaw that, in a little Time, they would
be forced to behold the Bulls brought forth for a lofty Spectacle ; mean
ing thereby the Theatre of the Inquifitors. Confiantine anfwer'dj,
You, if it pleafe God, fhall not behold the Games from on high, but
be your felf amongft the Combatants. Nor was Confiantine deceived in
his Prediction: For afterwards Arias was called on; and whether
Age had made him bolder, or whether by a fudden Alteration bis Ti-
moroufnefs changed IntoCourage^ he feverely rebuked the Affeffors of
the Inquifitory Tribunal, affirming they were more fit for the vile Of
fice of Mule- Keepers, than impudently to take upon themfelves to judge
concerning the Faith, which they were fcandaloufly ignorant of. He
farther declared, That he bitterly repented, that he had knowingly and
willingly oppofed, in their Pretence, that Truth he now maintained,
againft the pious Defenders of it, and that from his Soul he fhould re
pent of it whilft he lived. So at laft, being led in Triumph, he was
burnt alive, and confirmed Conflantine's Prophecy. There remained
Mgidius and Confiantine, who clofed the Scene, but Death prevented
their being alive at the Shew. Mgidius, having been defigned by the
Emperor, Philip's Father, for Bifhop of Droffen, upon the Fame of
his Piety and Learning, being fummoned, publickly recanted his Er
ror, wrought on either by Craft, or the Perfuafion of Sotus, a Domi
nican ; and hereupon was fufpended for a while from preaching, and
the facred Office, and died fome Time before this Act. The Inquifi
tors thought he had been too gently dealt with, and therefore proceed
ed againft his Body, and condemned him to Death, and placed his
Effigies in Straw on high for a Spectacle., Confiantine, who had been
a long while the Emperor's Confeflpr, and had always accompanied
him in his Retirement, after his Abdication from his Empire and King
doms, and was prefent with him athis Death, was brought before this
Tribunal and djed,alatle before the Act, in a nafty Prifon. But, that
« the

The Hiftory ofihe INQUISITION. r 9
te the Theatre might not want him, his Effigies was carried about in a
" preaching Pofture. And thus this Shew, terrible in it felf, which
" drew Tears from moft who were prefent, when thefe Images were
" brought on the Scene, excited Laughter in many, and at length Indig-
" nation. They proceeded with the fame Severity the following OBo-
" ber, at Valladolid, againft others condemned for the fame Crime ;
" where King Philip himfelf being prefent, twenty eight of the chief
tc Nobility of the Country were tied to Stakes and burnt." Bartholomew
Caranza, Archbifhop of Toledo, was alfo accufed ; who, for his Learn
ing, Probity of Life, and moft holy Converfation, was highly worthy
of that Dignity, and caft into Prifon, and ftripp'd of all his large Re
venues. His Caufe was brought before Pius V. at Rome, and Gregory
XIII. pronounced Sentence in it.
Philip, not content to exercife his Cruelty by Land, eftablifhed the
Inquifition alfo in the Ships. For, in the Year 1^71, a large Fleet Was
drawn together, under the Command oi John of Auftria, and mann'd
with Soldiers lifted out of various Nations. King Philip, to prevent any
Corruption ofthe Faith, by fuch a Mixture of various Nations and Reli
gions, after having confulted Pope Pius V. deputed one of the Inquifi
tors oi Spain, fixed on by the Inquifitor-General, to difcharge the Office
of Inquifitor ; giving him Power to prefide in all Tribunals, and to cele
brate Acts of Faith, in all Places and Cities they failed to. This Ere&ion
ofthe Inquifition by Sea, Pius V. confirmed, by a Bull fent to the Ge
neral Inquifitor of Spain, beginning, Our late mofl dear Son in Chrift.
Jerome Manrique exercifed the Jurifdiction granted him, and held a
publick Act of Faith in the City oi Meffina, in which many underwent
divers Punifhments.

I 2 CHAP.

60 The Hiftory of the' I N QU I S I TI O N.
CHAP. VIII. ,
Ofthe Ministers and Officers of this- Com rt.

THE Rife, Progrefs, and Eftablifhment of the Inquifition being
thus fully fhewn, we are next topafs on to the Minifters, who are
employ'd in that Court; the Crimes, or pretended Crimes, which are
therein examined and difcuffed ; and the Manner of proceeding before the
Inquifitors: This we fhall at prefent do, according as Things ftand in
Spain, and fpeak of any Differences there may be between the Order ob
ferved by the Holy Tribunal in that Country, and in thofe other King
doms we fhall mention it in' as Occafion' requires.
In: every Province of Spairf there oughtito be' two or;three Inquifitors,
one Judge of the forfeited Effects, one Executor, ? three: Notaries;, two for
Secrecy, and the third for Sequeftrations ; one Keeper of the Prifon, one
Meifehger,' one Door-keeper, and one PhyficianA Befides thefe, Affefi-
fors, fkilful Counfellors, Familiars, and others, are neceffary ; and there
is alfo a Promoter FifcaL, a Receiver ofthe .forfeited Effects ^ and. finally,
• Vifltors of thednqulfitors. Of thefe in: their Order .. . a ;'- -.w-^.'-.'. . ; >
j;oi/J- c <¦":.' .,A h.l '¦ v:-:ij ?s:j;'.) ];;:/,¦< .'iii;;:., ,;'ii-.,: "A .:. , _.':-¦>;
•'t o-: Jr:at lUjin Qf ^.'Inqjj i-sitors, '^ A; nor -J ,:-,{; ...

¦ ';

In the Church of i?<W2<», there are two forts of Judges in the Affair of
the Faith: {The Ordinaries, t' fuch -.as 'the Pope, and Bifhops of Places^
who, when ordained or confecrated, are believed to. receive, hy divine
Right, Power, and Jurifdiction over Hereticks : And Delegates, to whom
the Office of judging Hereticks is particularly given by the Pope; who are
called Inquifitors by the Laws. Apoftolick Inquifitors are therefore:
Judges delegated by the Pope, who is believed to be the fupreme Judge
of the Faith, who grants them full Jurifdiction againft all Hereticks and
Apoftates ; and they are delegated for all Caufes.
No one can be thus deput^dko this Office who is not forty Years old..
We ordain, by the Approbation xfff)tlfis.-holy Council, that no Perfon under
forty Tears old pall, from this Time, be admitted to the Office of the In
quifition. But, becaufe Knowledge and Prudence fometimes fupply the
Defect of Age, 'tis determined, by a general Decree of the Pope, that a
Perfon rof thirty Years old may be an Apoftolick Inquifitor in Spain and
-*'-m-J Portu-

The Hiftory 'of the I N QUI S I T I ON. 61
Portugal. 'Tis alfo the Cuftom to chufe Inquifitors for Cities, not out of
t he. Citizens, but from Foreigners.
Thefe Inquifitors receive Power to execute this Office from the Pope,
who fometimes immediately, appoints them by Word of Mouth, fome-
times by his Apoftolick Letters.1 In Spain the Prefident of the Inquifition
appoints the Inquifitors.
The Popes were greatly defirous that this Office fhould be free from all
Obftruction; and therefore, as one very obvious Difficulty might arife
from the Prelates ofthe feveral Religions, if fuch as were Created regular
Inquifitors fhould be forced to obey their Prelates in their Office, therefore
the Popes exempted them, as to this Affair, from their Jurifdiction, as
appears from a Bull oi Clement IV. So that in the Office of the Inquifi
tion they; are by no means fubject to their Superiors, but only to the Pope ;
infomuch, that if an Inquifitor fhould unjuftly profecute any one for He
refy, the Perfon apprehended can't appeal to the Superior of that Religion,
but only to the Pope... Not is the Inquifitor, in any manner, bound
to. obey the Superior of his Religion, -interrogating him on any Affairs
relating to his Office, but the Pope alone, whom he immediately reprefents.
In Spain 'tis found by Experience; that 'tis, much more ufeful and pro
per, that the Iuquifitors. fhould be Laymen, and not Divines.
In like manner the Popes orderd, that in Favour of the Faith the
Office of the Inquifitors. Should be perpetual ; . fo that it was not to ceafe
at. die Death of the. Pope who Conferred it,, although the Jurifdiction de
legated to them might riot have been made ufe of. For this Reafon, the
Office of particular Inquifitors continues in Spain, after the Death of the
Inquifitor-General,. although they Should be delegated by him ; and the
rather, becaufe they are chofen. under this Form : We conflitute , you our
Vicegerents, till we Jhall fpecially recal the Commiffion. In which Cafe,
the Jurifdiction of tffedelegate Judge continuesafter the Demife of him
who deputed him.
This Office is accounted of fo great Dignity- iri. the Church oi Rome,
that the Title of mofl Reverend is given to the Inquifitors equally as to
Biihops; and, becaufe they are delegated by the Pope to their Juris
diction, they are 'advanced to the principal Part ofthe Epifcopal Office,
and'are therefore thought to deferve the Honour of an equal Title of Dig
nity with the Bifhops themfelves. From whence alfo they infer, that the
Inquifitors ought to take Place of the Vicar-General of the Bifhop, not
only in Caufes of Herefy, but in other Acts and Caufes that do not belong
iq the Holy Office. In

6% The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I'O N.
In Spain oftentimes feveral Inquifitors are deputed together ; and when
ever this happens, they take Care not to create two who are akin, in the
fame Province, nor fuffer them to have any Official for their Servant, or
of their Houfhold.
" If any Thing hard or difficult happens in any Province, the Inquifi-
" tors muft refer it to the Council.
" The Inquifitors fit on their Tribunal fix Hours every Day; and
" if any Thing comes before them that belongs to the Inquifitors of ano-
¦" ther Province, they refer it to them, and the Meffengers are to be paid
" the Expences of the Journey by the Inquifitors to whom they are
u fent.
" Farther, the Inquifitors are diligently to read thofe Books in which
" the, Teflimonies againft Hereticks are contained, that, from hence,
" they may know the Names and Offences of the guilty Perfons, and
" underftand distinctly their feveral Crimes. And of this Matter the Vi-
" fitors are particularly to enquire, and report it to the Inquifitor-Gene-
" ral, if the Inquifitors fhould happen to be negligent herein.
" The Inquifitors muft take Special Care to agree with, and be
fc friendly to each other. If any Difference fhould arife among them,
" they muft conceal it, and refer it to the Inquifitor-General, that, after
" he underftands the Matter, he may compromife it, and judge betweerr
" them."
The Office of the Inquifitor ceafes upon his Advancement to any Dig
nity. If the Inquifitor, for Inftance, is made a Bilhop, thefe Dignities
are incompatible, becaufe both require perfonal Refidenee, and therefore,
the Office ofthe Inquifitor ceafes.
If the Inquifitors are negligent or remits in their Office, the Synod of;
Sinigaglia, held Anno 1423, hath decreed, That they fhall hereby incur
the Penalty of Sufpenfion from entring into the Church for the Space of
four Years. The fame Synod commands, That in Provincial or Synodical
Councils, a proper Remedy pall be provided, befldes tbe afore-mentioned Pt-
?ialty, againfl fuch negligent Perfons, according to the Degree of fuch Fault
or Negligence, all Privileges, Exemptions, Cuftoms and Statutes whatfo-
ever to the. contrary notwithflanding. But I am perfuaded that few offend
againft this Decree, or incur the Penalty of Sufpenfion by Negligence or
Lenity ; fince all Compaffion is banifhed from this Tribunal, and fince
all who are promoted to this Office of Inquifitor immediately diveft
themfelves, I will not fay of all Pity only, but even of Humanity it-
«JC114
If

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S 1 T I ON. 67,
If the Inquifitors offend, by unjuftly extorting Money, it was anciently
provided, that they fhould be punifhed by the Prelates of their Order :
Which Jaid Prelates are bound to remove from their Offices fuch Inquifitors
and Commiffaries as are found guilty ; and, when removed, otherwije to
punijh and correB them, according to their Defer t. But now as the Pre
lates of the feveral Orders neither appoint or remove Inquifitors, fo nei
ther do they punifli them ; but the Affair is referred to the Cardinals In
quifitors General in Chriftendom. In Spain the Prefident of the Inquifi
tion, whom they call Inquifitor Major, punifhes the delinquent Inquifitors,
which was expreflly granted him by a Bull of Leo X. But however,
notwithftanding this, the Pope can, as often as he pleafes, call, cite, and
punifhthe Iriquifitors of all Kingdoms at the Court of Rome ; for he is the
Judge of AU, and the Inquifitors are delegated by him, and becaufe it
appertains to him to take Cognizance of their Caufes, and punifli
their Offences. And if any others take Cognizance of thefe Affairs, they
do it by a Power derived from the Pope, which he can refume as often
as he tnihks' fit, and bring the whole Affair before himfelf.
, When any Inquifitor is to be punifhed for his Offence, they take Cares
not to leffen Men's Opinion of the Dignity and Authority of the Holy
Office by his Condemnation or Punifhment, which, they fay, is more
dangerous than to fuffer an Offender to go unpunifhed ; unlefs it be fuch
an Offence as gives Scandal, and therefore muft not be paffed over with
Impunity. And they alledge this Reafon : That ' the Apoftolick Inquifi
tors are both dreaded and hated by many, and efpecially by wicked
Men; and therefore, if they fliould be eafily or publickly punifhed, the
foolifh and mad People would foon be drawn, by their Crimes, to hate
and dishonour the Holy Office. So that when there is. a Neceflity to pu-
nifh the Inquifitors, it muft be done with Cautiohy to prevent greater In
conveniences. However, from thefe Laws, it is very plain, that the Tribunal of the
Inquifition is not fo very holy and blamelefs, as they would have them be
lieve, in Spain and Portugal; but the Inquifitors punifh innocent Men
fometimes very unjuftly, throwing them into Prifon, and treating them
in a very barbarous and unworthy Manner. Of this we have a frefh. In
ftance in the Inquifition at Goa, in relation to Father Ephraim, a Capu-
cme, whom, out of mere Hatred and Revenge, they feized, by Craft and .
Subtilty, and carried away to Goa, and there fhut him up in the Prifon
of the Inquifition. The Story is this: Father Ephraim, having had an
Invitation from fome Englifh Merchants, built a Church in the City
- of

6± The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I ON.
of Madrefpatan, which was near to the City of St. Thomas. To this
Place feveral of the Portuguefe came from St. Thomas's, to have the Be
nefit of 'Ephraim 's Inftruction. By this he incurred the Hatred of the
Portuguefe; and, upon fome Difturbance that was raifed, Father Ephraim
was called to St. Thomas to appeafe it, where he was feized by the Officers
ofthe Inquifition, and carried to Goa, bo n\d Hands and Feet, and at
Night, coming from on board the Ship, hurried into the Prifon of the
Inquifition. All Men wondered that this Capucine fhould be brought
Prifoner before the Tribunal of the Inquifition as an Heretick, who was
known to be a Perfon of great Probity, and Zeal for the Roman Religion.
Many were concerned for his Delivery; and efpecially Friar Zenon of the
fame Order, who tried every Method to effect, it. When the News of
his Imprifonment came to Europe, Perfons were. very differently affected.
His Brother, the Lord Chateau des Bois, folicited the Portugal Ambaffador
at Paris, till he prevailed with him to fend Letters to his Portuguefe _ MaT
jefty, to defire his peremptory Orders to the Inquifitors at Goa, to difmjrs
Ephraim from his Prifon. The Pope alfo himfelf fent Letters to Goa,
commanding him to be fet free, under the Penalty of Excommunication.
The King alfo of Golconda, who had a Friendship .for him, becaufe he
had given him fome Knowledge of the Mathematicks,.. commanded the
City of St. Thomas to be befieged, and to be put to Fire and Sword,
unlefs Ephraim was immediately /eftored to his Liberty. , The Inquifi
tors, not being able to furmount all thefe Difficulties, fent him Word
that the Prifon Gates were open, and that he might have his Liberty
when he pleated. But he would not leave his Jail, till he was brought
out by a folemn Proceffion of the Ecclefiafticks of Goa. And altho' there
are many Inftances ofthe like Injuftice, yet they very feldom publickly
punifhed the Injuftice and Cruelty of the Inquifitors, left their Authority,
which they would have always accounted facred, fhould be contemned* 0
Of the Vicars and Assistants ofthe Inqjjisitio'n.
When the Inquifition was firft appointed and delegated, there were no
Cardinals Inquifitors General over Chriftendom, whom they could confult
by Letter, and from whom receive an Anfwer in Cafes of Difficidty, ; af
ter their having firft advifed with the PQpe. , And therefore particular In
quifitors were often forced to go to Rome, during whofe Abfence the Affairs
ofthe Faith were at a Stand. To prevent this Inconvenience, the In
quifitor may, in fuch a Cafe, appoint a Vicar-General over the whole Pro
vince,

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION/ 6 s
vince,' with a Power of proceeding to the definitive Sentences of the Im
penitent and Relapfed. Urban IV. in order to removev this Difficulty,
AD. 1263, created, by aRefcript, the Cardinal of St. Nicholas incur-
cere Tullianb, < Inquifitor-General, or, as it were, Prbtector of the Inqui
fitors, whom particular Inquifitors might confult, either in Perton* or
by propofing their Doubts to him by Letters. Bur now all thefe Incon
veniences are over, fince the Appointment of the Cardinals Inquifitors
General over Christendom, whom they may confult by Letters, and t<£
whom all Princes are fubject in this Affaiivq Thisis plain, from the Bull
oi Pius V. publifhed 1*566. In ^/«tKeInqu>ifitors of particular Cities
confult the Inquifitor-Gerteral of thofe: Kingdoms, or Prefident of the
Inquifition; [and he,' with thofe -of other Provinces, advifes with the Car
dinals Inquifitors General.
--'Tis, however, now the conftant daily Practice of all Inquifitors to
have their Vicars General, who, in their Abfence, may manage the Af
fairs 'of the Inquifition. '* Thefe are ordinarily appointed by the Inquifitors
themfelves; for the Inquifitor hath Power of conftituting his -Vicar' or
Commiffary, by the Bull oi Clement VII.
* This Power doth not extend only to the appointing One or two Vicars,:
butifeveral, . if the Diocefe or Province be large, and contains feveral Cities ;
fof-f as -the Inquifitor cannot be perfonally prefent at all of them, 'tis ne
ceffary -he' fhbvild appoint Coaimiffaries iri them.^ He muft create, at
leaft, in every City'one, a Man'* prudent and learned, an old Christian,
pious, arid fit for Bu'finefs, a religious Perfon of his own, or fome' other
Order, or a Secular Clergyman, viz. one poffeffed of fome Preferment in
the principal Church of that City ; or aCanonift, whom he verily believes
will take Care of the Matters ofthe Faith-diligently, and according to the-
Canonical -Sanctions. .,, ¦ -¦ nvc i\i i i
This Vicar-General may beconftkuted-with fiich full Powers by the
Inquifitor, as to be able to receive Denunciations, Informations, or Ac-
cufauons, from and againft any Perfons whatfoever; and of proceeding,
and of citing, arrefting, and: putting in Irons as well the Witneffes as
the GuUty ; of receiving their Confeffions or Depofitions, and of proving
them; of examining and compelling to giyerEvidence-i and of putting to
the Queftion and Torture to force the Truth from them, jointly with the:
Lord Bifhop or his Vicar; as alfo of imprifoning them by way of Pu-
nifhment rather than Safety, of calling together and advifing with fkilful
Men at his Pleafure; and, in general, ofdoing every Thing, which the
Inquifitor himfelf, if prefent, Could. do. • Only the Inquifitor ufaally re-
K ferves

66 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
ferves to himfelf the definitive Sentence of all Impenitents and Relapfed,
although he may alfo commit even this to his Vicar. But the Power of
pronouncing definitive Sentences is very feldom given to the CommiflTary
or Vicar, without firft confulting the Inquifitor, who, in Decency, is
bound to defend the Procefles of his Commiffaries. He cannot, how
ever, grant fuch Commiffary a Power of fubftituting a Vicar for himfelf
Sometimes they appoint two Commiffaries, who fhall equally and jointly
proceed againft the Guilty. * • . - -
The Inquifitor only can depofe the Vicar thus appointed by himfelf;
and 'tis not in the Power of the Prelates ofthe. Religious. ' :
Sometimes the Pope himfelf appoints the Commiffary ; f» that there
are two forts of Commiffaries, fome appointed by the Inquifitor, others
by the Pope. Their Power is unequal. The Commiffary appointed by
the Inquifitor, neither takes Place of the Ordinary, nor poffeffes aH the
other Privileges which the Inquifitor doth ; whereas he who is particular
ly appointed by the Papal Authority, is, in all Things, equal to the In
quifitor himfelf. ' J ¦ . - , ti
If the Inquifitor needs an Affiftant in his Office, the Priors of the Or
ders are commanded, by a Bull of Clement IV. that, to remove all Diffi
culty, they fhall take Care to affign to the feveral Friars chofen for Inqui
fitors, their feveral Affiftants, viz.. Friars of their Order, carefid'and dif-
creet Perfons, fit for the faid Bufinefs, and who are worthy to. be joined
with thofe whom they are to affift. And, as often as, the. Inquifitors
fhall defire it, let them provide others of the fame Order, befides thofe
already provided. Gregory XI. by a Bull, gives the Inquifitors free;
Power of going to the Court of Rome, and abiding there, and of taking;
an Affiftant without the Licence of his Order, and of changing fuch an
Affiftant, and of taking another out of his Province, and of keeping him
with him as often as he fhall judge fit,
Of Assessors and Counsellors neceffary to the Office of the
Inquisition. ;
i , .
The Inquifitors were originally religious Friars, fkilful only in Divinity,
but ignorant of the Laws; and therefore, becaufe. they might be eafily
deceived in a judiciary Procefs, and fo abfolve fuch as fhould be con
demned, and condemn fuch as fhould be abfolved, they were commanded
to call in fkilful Perfons, fuch as Divines, Canonists, arid Laymen, fo conT
&lt them ; and, if there was Need, to compel them to give, their Advice in

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 6j
in Virtue of their Obedience ; but I do not find that their Number is pre-
cifely determined by any certain Law. Carena fays, that, in the Con
gregation at Cremona, there are prefent four Regular Divines, four Secu
lar Clergymen, Canonifts, and four Lay Counfellors; and, becaufe the
Inquifitor there is always a Mafter in Divinity, they don't need fo many
other QuaUficators as the Inquifitors oi Spain do, who are Laymen.
'Tis to be wonder'd at, that the Office of making Inquifition againft
Hereticks, and of judging them, fhould be committed to Perfons entire
ly ignorant of the Law : But, if we consider the modern Inquifitors,
and compare them with the more ancient ones, and judge of their Igno
rance by what we find of the Ignorance of the other, it muft be owned
that they know nothing either of Law, or of Divinity, or of any Theo
logical Points. And therefore, as the Inquifitors are thus ignorant them
felves, they greatly want the Advice, not only of Perfons fkilful in both
Laws, or, as they call them, of Canonifts and Laymen, but of Divines
alfo. They are generally. called Assessors and Counsellors.
They have .their diftindt Parts. They are not all indifferently confulted
in all Affairs, but each of them as to thofe which they are prefumed to
underftand. The Divines are called in to examine Propofitions, and ex
plain their Quality : The Laymen are confulted about the Punifhment or
Abfolution of Offenders, and other Merits of Caufes. The Inquifitors ge
nerally confult and deliberate with thefe fkilful Perfons together, and not
apart, as is provided in certain Letters ofthe Spanip Council.
When therefore any Queftion happens in the Cognizance ofthe Caufes of
Herefy at the Tribunal ofthe Faith, relating to the Quality of Propofitions,'
fpoken by Hereticks, or Perfons fufpected of Herefy, the Decifion of that
Affair belongs to the Divines, from whence they are called QuaUficators-.
Simancas diftinctly defcribes to us their Office.
" The Anfwers ofthe Divines, containing the Quality of Propofitions,
si are to be inferted in the Acts of the judiciary Procefs, fubfcribed by
<( them, equally with the Sayings and Witneffes of Perfons fkilful in
" other Matters.
" A Propofition is either heretical, viz. when It is contrary to Scrip-
" ture, or the Church, or the Decrees of a general Council, rightly
" affembled, as to Matters of Faith, or the Determination of the ApoftcM
" lick See, or the common Opinion of the Doctors ofthe Church. ' .
" Or it favours of Herefy, when it hath an heretical Senfe, in the moft
" obvious Signification, and firft View ofthe Words, although, if pioufly
" underftood, it may bear a Catholick Senfe. As, for Inftance, this
K 2 " Pro-

6% The Hiftory of the il N QU I S I T I O N.
" Propofition z^Tis ridiculous to carry the Sacrament of the Eucharifi
" in a folemn Proceflion through the publick Streets. For. this Propo-
" fition manifeftly favours of the Herefy of the Lutherans, and Sacra -
" mentaries. ' -•';
":Or it is erroneous, when any Thing is afferted againft a Truth not
<c plainly determined by the Church; or againft a Catholick Veri y, not
") known to all; or, atleaft, not to him who pronounced the erroneous
<f Propofition. But as to this Propofition, the Doctors 'greatly differ, '
. " Or it founds ill, and offends pious Ears, viz. fuch as give Scandal
" and Occafion of Ruin to pious Hearers or Readers: When any , are
" offended at fuch Propofitions, the Affertbr of them is forced, by the In-
" quifitors, publickly to declare their true Senfe, thatfo the Scandal "gi-
" ven may ceafe: But, if fuch a Perfon be otherwife fufpedted, he is to
" be called and interrogated by the Judges; and, if he gives a probable
*>' Senfe of the Words, he is not to be compelled to a publick Explana^
,c tion,' provided no one hath been feandalized. iiHe is, however, to' be
*? admonifhed not to Speak fiich Things again fop the future. a= • . -'¦¦__
'i Or it is' rafh, viz. when attefted without my grave Authority er
" juft Reafon, infolently and boldly, contrary to Ecclefiaftical Modefty;
"' As if any onefhould fay, The Day of Judgment will' be within' a Month'.
" Sometimes, however, fuch Propofitions are not accounted rafh, when
" they are modeftly afferted, or have fome Probability, or pious. Ten-
" dency to edify the Hearers or Readers. . Of this fort are many Things,
«* which Men, -given to Meditation, may probably imagine to have been.
•* done. <c Or it is fcandalous, in whicE.-the Scandal may be obferved, though
" otherwife not heretical, As if any one fhould reckon up the Inconve-
" niences of holy Confeffion, or tell the Abufes ofthe Church oi Rome
',' before the common People'; or if any one fhould fay, That an evil
'* Prelate fs^ruly a Thief and a Robber ; The Univerfities and Colleges' are
** introduced by human Vanity, Pulfe and Fifo blow up the Belly, and in-
" dine Men to Venery.
" Or it is fchifmatical, when tending to introduce Divifipn into the
" Church, Q? fed»ioU5,::when it becomes the' Caufe or Occafion of Se-
" dkion^in the Church. Or' blafphemous, when injurious to God and
" his Saints. Or favouring Hereticks, when it any ways favours the Per-
v fons or Errors of Hereticks. This for Inftance^ Hereticks are not to
" be punifhed. Or it is injurious, when it detracts from, or is injurious
£ ! to, the State of any one of the Faithful, fome iilluftrious Perfon er Dig-
" nity

r/^>Hiftory of the I NQlJ I S I T I O N. 69
u nity.. Such arc thofe Things which mad and impious Men blab out
" againft the Cardinals and Monks.
" The fame Propofition may alfo have feveral Qualities. It may be
** erroneous, and heretical, and fchifmaticai, and feditious, rafh, and
" injurious, and thus have one, two, or more Qualities..
u Although doubtful Queftions concerning the Faith are to be deter-
" mined by the cliief Pontiff, or a. general Council ; yet, as a doctrinal
" Matter, ,'tis ufualfor learned and prudent Men to explain and determine
" what Propofition hath thbof the- Other, Quality. And this properly is
" the Bufinefs of the Divines. However, Sometimes the Laymen can ea-
" fily determine fuch Matters, from the Decreesrof the Popes,. Councils,
<r and holy Fathers.
" And whereas many who can't deny that they uttered, fuch Propofi-
*' fions, yet will fo endeavour to interpret them, as to prevent their being
" criminal, therefore there mjift be careful Observation made as to the
" Narare of fech Interpretations J If they aire' juft and, probable, and do
" wholly, or for the moft Part, clear tnem, of the Crime's objected to
" them, they "are to "be admitted. But if they are. abfurd, incredible, or
" unlikely, and don't agree with what goes before, or comes after, nor
" with the Nature of juft Speaking, nor with the Cifcumftances of Per-
" fons, Times, and Places, they are to be. rejected y efpecially when,
" under the Pretence of an Interpretation,, the tf tie Senfe of a Propofition
** isdeftroyedand corrupted/'
However, the Inquifitors are not bound neceffarily to follow the Advice
of the Counfellors ; but, after they have heard their Opinion, they are,
free to determine what they think proper, though contrary to, or different
from the others Advice ; becaufe their Votes are not decisive, but only by
way of Advice.
However, it isa received Cuftom amongft the Inquifitors,, never to tell
the -NarheS ofthe Witneffes to the Counfellors, tho' it be owned to be the
Duty of the Inquifitor to femarkthe Qualities ofthe Witneffes ; . as whether
they be religious, fkilful, grave, and approved; or whether lets approved,
eorrimon Persons', poof, young, "unfkilful, and1 the like ; that their Qualities
being thus known, the Skiful may more eafily urtderftand what Credit is to
begiventowhatmey feverally fay, and what not. If there be Reafon to
fear that the Witnenes<are Enemies to the Criminal, the Inquifitors may,
in fuch a-Gafe/ declare' the Names both of the Witneffes and Criminals;
becaufe poffibfy- the Counfellors may know thentboth, and whether they
are, or have: been-Eriemies; But, to prevent any rafh Publication of this
Matter,.

70 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Matter, they may bind them by Oath, or under the Sentence of Excom
munication, to keep it a Secret ; becaufe Secrecy, as they fay, is the prin
cipal Nerve ofthe Caufes ofthe Holy Office. The Counfellors alfo ge
nerally fwear that they, will keep Secrecy, and not reveal the Affairs
treated of in the Congregation, under the Penalty of Excommunication,
to be ipfofaBo incurred, from which they cannot be abfolved, but by the
Cardinals, fupreme Inquifitors.
If Bifhops or Inquifitors difcover the Secrets of the Holy Office, they
would, indeed, incur no Cenfiire, but be guilty of mortal Sin ; unlefs
they alfo fhould have taken an Oath of Secrecy in the Congregation of tlieir
Counfellors, according as the Congregation of the Cardinals, fiipreme In
quifitors, hath decreed they ought to do ; for they alfo take themfelves
the like Oath of Secrecy.
Although thefe Counfellors or Affeffors of the Holy Office may law
fully be chofen by the Inquifitors, and are, in fact, deputed by them in
feveral Cities; as at Pavia, and the other Cities of that Territory; yet at
Cremona and Milan, the Counfellors, Advocate Fifcal, and Chancellor,
are chofen by the Cardinals Inquifitors General, at the Nomination of
the Inquifitors : So that thefe Counfellors depend on that Congregation,
and cannot be removed but by it ; becaufe the Act is his who confirms
it. When the Merits of the Procefs are propofed, the Counfellor firft exa
mines, whether the Intention of the Fifcal. is fully ; proved, and how.
Then he confiders, whether the Intention of the Fifcal is drawn from the
Proofs and Exceptions of the Matter ; and, after having confidered thefe
Things, he gives his Vote.
Of the Promotor Fiscal.
Theyufually call that Official of the Inquifition the Promotor'
Fiscal, who ads the Part ofthe Accufer. He muft be an honeft, di
ligent, and induftrious Perfon, fkilful in the Law. He is prohibited from,
exercifing this Fifcal Office in, the Province where he was born, that
he may not be thought to act out of Favour or -Hatred.
It belongs to this Office to examine the Depofitions of the Witneffes/
to give Information of Criminals to the Inquifitors/ or Notice of them
to the Judges, andto demand their Apprehenfion and Imprifonment ;
and finally, when apprehended and admonished, to accufe them. In the
Holy Office in Spain, the Fifcals do, not form their Accufation againft the

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 71
the Criminal, till the Way is clear for the Inquifitors to proceed againft
him. And although the Criminals, upon Admonition, fhould confefs
all their Herefies,; yet the Promotor Fifcal muft accufe them of the fame
Things, that Judgment may be formed from the Accufer, Criminal, and
Judge. The Charge is to be drawn up and prefented to the Judges by the
Promotor, to which he is to add an Oath, that none of the Heads of it
proceed from a malicious Defign ; but only that he may the better profe-
cute his Suit, and that he intends to prove them all.
If the Judges fhall allow any Time to receive: the Proofs, he muft pro
duce the Witneffes againft the Criminal, and demand their Examination,
and. that their: Depofitions be allowed and publifhed. If, after this,
other Witneffes fhall I appear to prove other Herefies, this alfo fhall be
added to the Accufation, .and the Promotor Fifcal .fhall accufe the Crimi
nal of thefe. He muft alfo take particular Care to obferve all the Con-
feflions^ Sayings, and Anfwers, of theCriminals, that he may be able to
gather what relates particularly, to their Cafe, and what to other Here
ticks. And when the Depofitions of the Witneffes are written down and
allowed, and when the Judges and Counfellors debate about the Sentence.
to be paffed,. the Promotor Fifcal muft be abfent : But he may be prefent
when the Procefs of the Caufe is reported, and, from Fact or Law, al
ledge irhafcihe thinks convenient. He is prefent at the Examination: of
the^Witnefles,- by way of Defence, and at the Rehearing of the Witneffes,
and: muft be prefent in' the.Congregations when they vote in the Caufe-, and,
always^at the Torture, together with the Inquifitor, who fits between
the Vicar-General on the Right, and the Advocate Fifcal on the Left.:.
; Befides this,, in Spain they chufe a Perfon for .Procurator, General of
the Holy Inquifition there, that he may manage the Affair of this moft;
Holy Office at the Court oiRome, who is to have a proper Salary paid
him out of the forfeited Effects. Into this Office a fkilful and honeft Man
muft be chofen. Of the Notaries of the In qjj isition,.
The Office of the Regifters, whom they alfo call Notaries and Secreta
ries, is to write down the Injunctions, Accufations, and all the Plead
ings of the Caufes. The Judge ought not only to take Care that the
Notary writes down the Depofitions of the Witneffes, or the Anfwers of
the Criminals, but alfo that he diligently explains, and particularly re
marks, during the Procefs, the feveral Circumftances relating to the Wit- nefs.

7.1- The Hiftory 0/ /jfc I N Q U I S I T I O N.
nets, the Informer, and the Perfon againft whom Inquifition is made,
viz. Whether the Colour of his Face changes ; whether he trembles or
hefitates in fpeaking'; whether he frequently endeavours, to interrupt the
Interrogatories, by hauking or fpitting ; or whether his Voice trembles,
and the like. All thefe Circumftances the Judge ought to take Care- to
have particularly fpecified ih the Procefs, that it may iiot be , faid, that
the Perfon enquired againft is put to the Torture without Proofs. . - , <
Whatfoever the Notary writes down from the Mouth of the Criminals^
or Witneffes, muft be in the fame Language in which the Witnefs or Cri
minal fpeaks. without altering, adding, :diminifhing, tranfpofihg, or in
verting any of the Words, If the Criminal orJWithefs doth hot undefftand
Latin, and if the Notary or Inquifitor doth not underftand the Language
of the one or the other, the Inquifitor muft have a fkilful Interpreter j
for it may happen that a Frenchman, a Spaniard, an Englipman, ora
German, may be examin'd before an Italian Inqiiifitor. The Depofi
tions of the Witneffes, and the Confeflions of the Criminals, are to be
written down by the Notaries, in the fame Words in .which they arede*
liver'd. And when there are feveral Witneffes, 'tis hot fufficient that the
Notary, when he hath particularly wrote down the Depofitions of the
firft Witnefs, fays, that the fecond or third fays entirely the fame as the
firft; but he muft write down the particular: Words of the feveral Wit-
nefies, becaufe oftentimes the Cafe before this Tribunal is the Proof of for
mal Herefy. Clement VIII. in a general Congregation* of the Inquifitibnp
November 9, 1600,^ hath particularly commanded the Inquifition not
to omit any ofthe Interrogatories which are made by the Judge, in the
Examination of the Witneffes and Criminals, but to write them down-, at
large. ;a;u 7 a~= aV
Thefe Notaries are to be chofen of the Laity; but in Caufes o£ Herefy,
the Clergy aiid Monk's, and alfo others iaholy Orders, may difchaUge this
Office. And although in Spain they ufually take them .from' amongft
the Laity ; yet Simancas fays, that poffibly it would be better, that they
fhould be chofen from the Clergy, becaufe they ( would want lefs than
thofe who have Wives'and Children ; for the Salary is fcarce fufficient for
one. Theyarealfo obliged to regifbav In a certain Book, all the Com
mands ofthe Inquifitors, given to the Executors and -Receivers,, againft
Hereticks, and their Effects; that if any Queftion fhould arife concerning
thefe Things, they may be able, from thofe Regifters, to determine it.
Befides, they muft be content with their Salary, and receive nothing
for their writing, except -the Notary of the forfeited Effects, who may
demand

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N, 7 3
demand his lawful Dues, becaufe he hath no Salary. They muft alfo
travel at their own Expences within their proper Province, to ratify the
Depofitions of the Witneffes, the Proof of the Defences, and the Ex
ceptions againft the Witneffes, as it is contained in a certain Decree ofthe
Council. ' .:
In Spain, even now, the Inquifitors may, if there be Occafion, create
another Notary, and pay him a juft Salary, as is provided for by one of
the Letters of the Council. If he be fworn to Secrecy, he is obliged to
give Security to the Promotor Fifcal, and to the other Parties concerned,
and to deliver in a written Account ofthe Time of Condemnation, and
Commiffion of the Crime ; for they will not fuffer the whole Pre cefs to
-befhewn, left Suits fhould arife from Suits, and the Secrets of the whole
Caufe fhould be difcovered : For the Confequence of this would be, that
the Names of the Witneffes would be known by all, whereby their Safe
ty would be endanger'd, and many Exceptions would be urged againft
them by Slanderers. Provision was made againft thefe Inconveniences,
by a certain Letter of the Inquifitor-General. Farther, all thefe Nota
ries muft attend the Tribunal ofthe Inquifitors fix Hours every Day. If
any one offends in his Office, he is to be punifhed according to the
Nature of his Crime, by a Fine, Sufpenfion of Office, Deprivation, or
Banifhment, to be moderated at the Pleafure of the Inquifitor-General and
Council. The Writings of the Holy Inquifition are to be kept under three Keys,
which are to be in the Hands ofthe Promotor Fifcal, and Notaries ;
nor muft they be read or fhewn to any one, but in the Pretence of all.
Befides, thefe written Acts are to be carefully kept in the publick Hall of
the Inquifitors, that they may be prefent, as often as there is Need ; nor
may the Notaries fhew them to any one, nor remove them into another
Place ; and. if they are convicted of doing the contrary, they are to be
removed from their Office, without Hope of Pardon. However, the
Inquifitors, when required by the Royal Judges, or by thofe who have
any Intereft and Concern in the Affair, muft command the Notaries to
give a Copy ofthe Papers ; but fo as that the Secrets of the Office, which
muft be kept concealed, may not thereby be difcovered, according to
the Caution given by a Letter of the Council : But a Copy of the Acts,
which are ufually read in publick, may be given, viz. of the Con-
feffions, Sentences, and other Things of the like Kind, but of nothing
more. L Thefe

74- The Hiftory i<?/ the I NQU LSI T I O N.
Thefe Notaries have their Subftitutes, who ferve them as Coadjutors in
writing, or taking Notes.
As to the Salaries of the Notary, if they are certain, the Inquifitors of
the Holy Office ufually determine how much they are; if uncertain,
they can't exceed the Tax of the fupreme Inquifitors. -;
Of the Judge and Receiver of the confifcated EffeBs.
He who is chofen Judge of the confifcated Effects, muft be an honeft
Man, and fkilful in the Law ; not oijewip Extract, nor ©f "the Maho
metan, nor of an heretical one, but one who may be' capable of difchaf-
ging the Office of Affeflbr. His Office is, to judge between the Trea
sury and private Perfons, in Caufes relating to. the Effects of Hereticks:
But he may alfo take Cognizance between private Perfons, when their
Caufe -bath any Connection with the other.
He is generally called in Spain the Receiver, whom- in Italy they call
the Treasurer of the Holy Office. He receives the confifcated Effects,
and,, by Command ofthe King, is Procurator of the Treafury, demands,
defends, and fells the confifcated Goods, and pays the Salaries and other
Expences ofthe Holy Office. He muft be an honeft and wealthy Perfon,
jcapable of making up and reporting his Accounts, and muft give proper
Sureties to pay all his Deficiencies. He is to be chofen by the Inqui
fitors. It -belongs to the Office of the Receiver to be prefent at the Sequestra
tion of Goods, which can't be done but by the previous Command of the
Inquifitors. It muft be performed by the Executor, in Pretence of the
Receiver, and Notary of the Sequestrations, and fome other Notary;
and ail the Goods ofthe Criminals, which are found in their Poffefllon,
or are in the Hands of others, are to be written down feverally in a Ca
talogue or Inventory, two Copies of which are to be made out, each No
tary to have one. All the Effects are to be deliver'd to the Sequeftrator,
with an Inventory fubfcribed by the Executor, and the faid Sequeftrator
and the Notaries, one Copy of which is to be kept by thef Notary of the
Sequeftrations. The Sequeftrator is to be chofen by the Executor and
Receiver, who muft be a fuffieierit Citizen,; not of Kin to the Heretick,
nor of an evil Race. But when the Procefs is formed againft any Per
fon dead, his Effects muft not be delivered to the Sequeftrator, but taken
an Account of, and fealed up, and left with the Poffeffors, under good
Securities. If any other Perfon's Effects are with thofe of the Hereticks, they

The Hiftory. of /Mil N QU 1 S I T I O N: 7r
they muft be immediately delivered to the Owners; Debts alfo muft be
paid out of the Effects delivered in to the Sequeftrator, without waiting
for the Iffue of the whole Caufe. Finally, if the Criminal be abfolved,
all his Effects muft be immediately delivered to him. As to perifhable
Effects, and which may grow worfe by keeping, and fuch alfo as are
too chargeable to keep, viz. Cattle and Slaves, the Receiver muft fell
them by Command of the Inquifitors, without whofe Permiflion nothing
can be done.
When the neceffary Expences are deducted, the Surplus Money, which
remains out of the Sale of the Effects, : is to be depofited with the Seque
ftrator, of which the Receiver muft touch nothing till the' Criminal is
Condemned. As to other Things which may be kept, they are to b&
hired out at reafonable Prices by the Receiver and Sequeftrator. But thefe,
and'other the confifcated Effects, muft not be fold but by Auction, and
then go to the beft Bidder. The fame is to be obferved as to the Effects
which are hired out. ^ In thefe Sales, the Receiver muft ufe great Fidelity
and DiUgence ; and though he promifes after the Rate of Two or Three
per Cent, for the Recovery of any Effects, yet, when they are recovered,
he muft allow only one.
When the Heretick is condemned, the Sequeftrator muft immediately
deUver all the Effects to the Receiver before two Notaries, nor can he re
ceive or fell any Thing but in their Pretence. But the Judge of the con
fifcated iEffects^nriayj at\tbe Inftances of ythe Receiver, give Notice,: by
the Criers of the future Action. If any one thinks himfelf to be concern
ed in it, he may, when he knows the Effects are to be fold, come to the
Judge, arid demand his own, ; and fue for his Right. If no one-comes^
the immovable Effects are to be fold, and to be put up to' Sale 'by Auction,
the thirtieth Day latter the publick Notices, and other cuftomary Things
of the City,' before the Receiver and other Parties concern'd.
As to thofe Effects which are difputed, they muft not be fold by the
Receiver, till the Suit is finifhed. As to Effects that are pawned, th©
Receivers rnay fell them, not -fo as to prejudice the Right ofthe Creditors ;
but if the Effects amount to more than the 'Debt, they 'muft be fold, and
the former Creditors firft paid, and the Remainder carried into the Trea-
fury. However, the; Sale of the forfeited: .Effects is not to be deferred
upon Account of Actions, that do not appear to have any juft Foun
dation ; bat fuch Effects afe'to be fold,'1 and fuch a Sum muft be depofi
ted in the Sequeftrator's Hands,. that is > equal to the Value of the Debt*
feed for, and the Charges of the Suit. Farther, if there.be any Effects
L-rl- L 2 which

7£ The Hiftory */ /&? I NQU I S IT I ON:
which are to be in common between the Treafury and others, they muft
be divided, if it can be done conveniently: If it cannot, and it appears.
better to fell them entire, and without Divifion, the Treafury hath the
Privilege to order all of them to be fold by the Receiver, although the leaft
Part belongs to it ; but muft receive no more than its proper Debt, and pay
the Remainder to the other Creditors. ..,:.,
The Receivers muft omit none of thefe Things ; if they, do, they in
cur the Sentence of Excommunication, and are to be fined an hundred
Pieces of Gold, and make good all Loffes to the Treafury.
The Receivers of one Province muft not feize on the Effects of Here
ticks which belong to other Receivers, but give them certain Notice of
fuch Effects ; otherwife they are deprived of their Office, and pay the
Lots, and double more.
All the Monies received by the Sequeftrator, and the Money that
arifes from the Sale of the Effects, the Receivers muft depofit within
three Days after* into the Publick Cheft, which muft . he locked up with
three Keys, whieh the Holy Senate hath ordered under Excommunica
tion, and a Fine.
The Receivers of the Treafury can't forgive any Monies to Debtors ;
and if any are forgiven by them they are reclaimed ; nor can they make
any Bargain or Composition with them.
Ofthe Executor and Officials of > tbe Inquisition.
: h : :¦ ,->-.
The Executor is he who executes the Commands of the Inquisitors.
His Office is principally to apprehend and keep in Cufiody Criminals,
whom he is obliged to purfue, if they are at a Diftance, and to put in
Irons, and to be content with his appointed Salary* jBut if it be need
ful for the Familiars to attend him, they muft have a Salary appointed
by the Inquifitors, to be paid by the Receiver out of the Treafury. And,
as he is a mere Executor of a Command, he muft carefully keep .within
his Bounds, and punctually execute the Order of the Judges. Thefe
they alfo call Apparitors ^nd Purfuivan.ts.
Ofthe Familiars, or -Attendants, vol I .7
The Familiars are the Bailiffs ofthe Inquifition, which, though a vile
Office in all other Criminal Courts, is efteemed fo honourable in this of
the Inquifition, that there is not a Nobleman in the Kingdom oi Portugal that

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T j O N. 7 7
that is not in it, aiid fuch are commonlv employ'd by the Inquifitors to
apprehend People.- Neither is it any Wonder that Perfons of the higheft
Quality defire to be thus employ'd, fince the fame plenary Indulgence is
granted by the Pope to every tingle Exercife of this Office, as was granted
by the Lateran Council to thofe who Succoured the Holy Land.
The farnlliarsor Attendants are neceflary to accompany the Inquifitors,
and to defend them, if Need be, from the Intuits of Hereticks ; and to
foUow the Executor when going to apprehend Criminals ; and to do other
Things, which tne Judges fhallthink proper to fulfil the Duty of the
Holy Office of the Inquifition. The Familiars are allowed to ufe Arms,
but muft not. abufe them. , Such as are to be chofen, muft be good, peace
able, and mHrrfetOMeU', as it is provided hy a certain Letter of the Coun
cil ; and no more muft be admitted but what the Neceflity of the Office
requires. And, becaufe the Familiars have no Salaries, and no one is bound to
ferve for nothing, tis neceflary .that ;cert»in Privileges fhould be granted
them, in which' Matter there have- been feveral Alterations by the;, Royal
Commands, they having fometimes had Immunities allowed them, and
at other Times been deprived of them, becaufe of their Exceffes, and un
ruly Multitude. At length, by the King's Command, certain of the
Royal Council and the Senate of the Holy Inquifition met together, and
publifhed a Conftitution, by whichcertain Immunities are granted to the
Familiars, their Number fixed, and the Manner prefcrihed, in which
the Differences and Contentions that may arife between the Inquifitors
and Royal Judges, upon account of the Familiars, are to be fiipprefled
and determined.
And firft as to the Nurnber of Inquifitors; 'tis appointed, that in the
City of Toledo there fhall be fifty Familiars chofen by the Inquifitors ; as
many at Seville, and fifty in Granada, ' and no more; forty in Corduba,
Cuenca, and Valladolid; at Calahorre and Ilerena twenty five; in the
City of Murcia thirty ; in every Town where there were three thoufand
Burgeffes, fix; in all others of five hundred Burgeffes, four; in other
Ieffer Towns, two only in each. But in evejry Sea Port, , or Frontier
Town, four may be chofen.. If more, are chofen, they have no Pri
vilege."' •• < '' : . , .-'¦-¦' ',.,'., -. ,. ,t '\
By the farhe Conftitution ''tis provided, that in every Province there
Should be given in to the Confiftories of the feveral Cities, a Lift of the
Familiars, that the Governors and Magiftrates may know them, and fee
fhat they don't exceed the Number; and that if they, are quarrelfome,
' -.' ' " or

78 The Hiftory of the IN QU.* S I T I O N;
or unworthy their Office, they may report it to the Inquifitor-General
and Council ; which is alfo to be done when any one is put into the Room,
of another Familiar. 'Tis farther appointed, that in all Civil Caufes the
Familiars fhall be cited before the . Secular Judges, as much as if they
were not Familiars. , - • ! , < , \ . , ...
But in Criminal Caufes the Familiars are exempted frOtt>; thejurif-
diction of the Secular Judges, and are to be punifhed by' the Inquifitors,
except in the Cafe of Treafon, and the Crime againft Nature, Rebellion,
and open Sedition. LIkewife the Familiars are to be punifhed by Lay
Judges, if they offend againft Letters of Safety granted by the Prince, if
they obftinately oppofe the Royal Commahds, if they betray and ravifh
Women, if they are publick Thieves, Breakers^open of Churches, Mo-
nafteries, or other Houfes ; or if they fet them on fire, or commit any
other greater and more heinous Crimes than thefe ; or if they infblently
and obftinately contemn tbe Royal Judges, or if they refift them j or if,
being themfelves in Secular Offices, they commit any Offence therein. , .,-,
Farther, the Secular Judges may take up the Familiars for thofe Crimes^
the Cognizance of which belongs to the Inquifitors, but muft immediately
fend them to their proper Judges, with a fummary Proof of their Offences,
at the Coft ofthe Criminal Familiar. 'TisUkewife provided, by the fame
Conftitution, that as often as the Familiars offend Jn any City or Place
where no Inquifitors refide, they fhall be fo often obliged to fhew ,tp the
Judges of the Place, where the Familiar hath committed his Offence, a
Copy of the Sentence pronounced by the Inquifitors: againft him, with a.
publick. Teftimony that he hath fatisfied the Sentence pronounced againft
him for his Crime.
But if any Difference arlfes between the Inquifitors and Secular, Judges,
concerning the Cognizance of any Offence committed by a Familiar, the?
Caufe muft be referred to- the Royal Court,* with a fummary Proof of
the Crime • that upon hearing the Cafe by. two Royal Counfellors^ and
two others of the Senate of the Holy Inquifition, the Caufe may be re^
mitred to thofe Judges to whom the Cognizance of it fhall appear to be*
long, frmply,. without Noife and Form' of Judgment. And from this
Sentence there muft be no Appeal; ; Farther, if thefe- fupreme Judges
fhall difagree to whom to fend the Prifoner, and three of 'them fhould- not
bl-ff *e £me Opinion,' the King muft be confulted) ;Jn» the mean
while, the Famihar muft be kept in Cufiody by that Judge who took
him up ; but his Trial muft he deferred till he is fent to his proper Judge
-to whom, upon a Declaration made., he muft be immediately reftoredj though

The Hiftory of the' t N QU I S I T I O N. 79
though he fhould happen to have been put in Chains by another Judge.
Thus far the Royal Conftitution, dated the 10th, and confirmed the 19th
oi March, 1553.,
We read of a famous Cafe of this Nature, concerning Jurifdiction be
tween the J Inquifitors -and Secular Judge, in Nicholas Rodrigues Fermofino,
which is added to his Treatifes of Judgments, &c. This Fermofino was
in the Office of Counfellor of the Treafury, in the Inquifition of Vallado-
lid, and created Inquifitor; and, by King Philip IV. made Judge ofthe
confifcated Effects of the faid Inquifition, The Cafe was this : The Ma-
gTflrates of Valladolid order'd rough Walls to be built, to -prevent Travel
lers coming into the City for- Fear of the -Plague. ^Antonius Mor em,
Governor ofthe Houfe of Penance in that City, and his Aunt Mariana de
Pare da, formerly Wife of a certain .Secretary ofthe Inquifition at Ilerena^
"obstructed this Building. And therefore Jerom Antony de Torefillas, Mayor
ofthe City, took'both of them out of theHoufe of Penancei, ¦ Anno 164.%^
3 d Calends oi: Auguft, and put them in.the common Jail, and laid them
in Irons. The Inquifition demanded of him; three times; that he would
rejeafe the Prifoners, and fend them back to the Tribunal of the Inqui
fition, as their, competent Judge, with all the original Acts and Procefs.
The Mayor firft faid he would reftore them, but afterwards declared that
he would rtot deliver them oyer, but under this Condition, that the Tri
bunal fhould proceed to no other Procefs. The-Ifiquifition Was ndt fatif-
fy'd With this, and the Affair was greatly contefted On both"; Sides:
The Inquifition fent their Orders to the Mayor; and the Mayor, by his
Anfwers, oppofed the Orders and Commands of the Inquifition. At
laft, the Diipute ran fo high, that, the Inquifition, after a declaratory In
junction, laid him under Excommunication and the Anathema; and;
becaufe he continued to exercife every' Act of Jurifdiction, they put him
under a generailocal Interdict. "But this made no Impreflion on him;
for he anfwer'd, That the Tribunal of the Inquifition had no Jurif-^
diction over him ; and that, whilft the Difpute was to whom the Cogni
zance of the Prifoners. belonged, their Excommunication could not touch
him, efpecially^ he fiad appealed froth all'Cehfares of the Inquifition.
At length the Inquifition prepared to 'ptibilfh the Order for Geflation of
divine Services: But the' Royal Court, to put art End to this troublefome
Difference, commanded the Mayor to difmifs his Prifoners ; and the
Tribunal of the Inquifition, to deftroy all the Acts and Procefs againft
the Mayor, to grant him Abfolution, and remove the-Interdict* But
the Inquifition was not fatisfy'd in this ; but, by Fermofino, their Fifcal
Advocate,

80 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Advocate, pray'd the King, That the Mayor might be feverely punifhed,
adding this Reafon, left a Way fhould be opened to infinite Contentions
and Extortions of the like Nature ; efpecially fince the other Judges will,
every Day, confidering thefe Things went unpunished, urge many fri
volous Reafon s for not acknowledging any of the Cenfures, .of", this Tribu
nal, in Contempt of Juftice.
Of the Visitors of the I n qjj i s i t o r s.
As the Offices of the Inquifitors and other Minifters were, perpetual,
it was neceffary, that fometimes they fhould give an Account, of their Be
haviour ; therefore there was a Magistrate created to vifit thelnquifitors,
and all the other Minifters, who was caUed the Vifitor. His Office was
to vifit all the Provinces ofthe Inquifitors, and report to the Inquifitor-
General and Council whatever was proper to be amended. He was ftrict-
ly to keep to his Inftructions, not to be the Gueft of thofe he vifited, nor
to receive any Thing from them himfelf, or by others. If one was ?not
fufficient, they might chufe more.
All the Minifters. of the Holy Inquifition are obliged to, fwear before the
Inquifitors and Bifhop, or his Vicar, that they will faithfully difcharge the
'Truft committed to .them. The Inquifitors, Counfellors*, ...and others,
alfo fwear, that they will faithfully conceal all. Secrets; which, if any
one dares to difcovefj he, is to-be deprived of his Office,, and to fuffer other
Punifhments, according to the Nature of his Crime.
'Tis alfo part of their Inftructions, that the Inquifitors, and all other
Minifters, fhall ferve in their Offices by thernfelves, and not by their
Subftitutes ; the Minifters are not to abfent themfelves without Leave, ofthe
Inquifitors, which muft not extend to above twenty Days. If any one is
longer ,abfent, or goes without Leave, , he muft be deprived, of his Salary,
his Abfenceis to be noted, and his Salary not paid by the Receiver with
out firft infpecting the Book of Defaults, according to feveral Letters of
the Council.
Farther, no one muft be a Minifter of this Holy Office inaiiy Province
where the Inquifitor is either Kin to him, or his Lord. 'Tis alfo prohi
bited for any Minifter to intermeddle in any Negoctation, either by him
felf or others. He who contravenes this Order, is to be deprived of his
Office, and fined twenty thoufand Pieces. He who doth not difcover
this, is to be excommunicated. If

The Hiftory of the I N QJJ I S I T I O N. 81
If any leffer Crime be committed by thofe Minifters, they may be pu
nifhed by the Inquifitors. If their Offence be more grievous, it muft be
reported to the Inquifltor-rGeneral and Council, that, if the Cafe requires
it, they may be deprived of their Office. 'Tis alfo prohibited, by the fame
Inftructions, for any one to be in two Offices, or enjoy two Salaries.
Concerning the Duty or Power qf the Magistrate.
The Civil Magiftrate hath no Part in this Affair ; for he is entirely ex
cluded from all Cognizance of the Crime of Herefy. Thus Simancas
teaches : " The Cognizance of Herefy folely belongs to the Ecclefiafti-
" cal Judge, becaufe this is a Crime committed againft the Faith and
" Religion ; for as to thofe Crimes which the Secular Admin iftration
" knows nothings of, and which are declared fuch by the Chriftian Re-
" ligion, fuch as Herefy, Schifm, and others of the like fort, the Eccle-
" fiaftical Judge only hath Cognizance of them. And therefore to what-
" foever Branch of the Secular Judgment the Cognizance of fuch Crimes
" may atany Time happen, it muft be immediately referred to the Eccle-
" fiaftical Judges.
" It is more largely forbidden, by the Royal Laws at this Day in
u Spain, that no. one of the Secular Judges, of whatfoever Dignity and
" Power, Shall, by any Means, prefume to take Cognizance even of
" thofe civil or criminal Caufe? which belong to the Inquifitors, and the
" Judges of forfeited Effects ; no, not under Pretence of relieving Per-
cc fons oppreffed by Violence, which, in other Cafes, would be a whole-
" fome and prefent Remedy to redrefs the Grievances of the Eccle-
" fiaftical Judges. .However, if any will appeal in the before-mentioned
tc Caufes, they muft apply to the Council of the Holy General Inquiii-
" tion." This Royal Command was dated at Burgos, March 7, 1508,
and renewed 1553.
However, they ftand in need, of the Arms and Power of the Magiftrate,
for the Punifhment of Hereticks, and that they may execute the Sen
tences pronounced againft them; for 'tis not lawful for Ecclefiaftical Per
fons to kill, any one. Therefore they defire to have all Magiflrates obe
dient to their Beck and Commands, and to have no Liberty of Confcience
granted by them to Hereticks, butinfifton their being ready and prepared
to draw tlieir Swords againft Hereticks at the Pope's Command. This is
the. Doctrine of Mqldonet,.„ explaining the Parable ofthe Tares town
amongft the Wheat. For, after he hath. faid that the Cahinifts and Lu-
M ther ans

8i The Hiftory tf the I N QUI SI TION.
ther ans are to be cut off, as manifeft Hereticks, he adds thefe Things r
Not that I fpeak thus, as though I had not rather have them converted than
put to Death : All that I intend is to admonip Princes, or, becaufe Princes
may not read thefe Things, thofe who can advife them, that 'tis not law
ful for them tf grant Hereticks thofe Liberties of Confidence, as they are
called, too much in Ufe in our Days, unlefs, firft of all, the Church, or the
Roman Pontiff, who is the Head of the Church, tbe Perfon of Chrift, and,
as it were, the Father of the Family, pall judge, that the Tares cannot be
plucked up, unlefs the Wheat alfo bedeftroy'd; and that 'tis for the. Advan
tage of the' Church -to permit both to grow together till tbe Harvefti 7 In this
Matter, Princes,- who are but the Servants ofthe Father of the Family, are
not to judge, but the Father of the Family himfelf, i.e. the Governor of the
Church. Nor pould Princes aflk the Father of the Family, that he would-
fuffer both to grow till the Harveft, but whether it be his Pleafure that they
pould go kind pluck up the Tares. They ought to be fo ajfeBed and pre
pared, as to need rather to be reftrained than incited by the Father of the
Family. But, becaufe there is but feldom fech a Readinefs in Kings and Princes
to extirpate Hereticks, the Ecclefiafticks are inceflantly egging them on,
till they have prevailed on them to yield to them all Things. Farther,
they affirm, that this is the Duty ofthe Pope and the other Bifhops; as
we read in Conrad Brunus, in his Book, of Hereticks and Schifmaticks :
It belongs to the Duty of the Roman Pontiff, and the other Bipops,. dili
gently to admonip the Emperor, and other Kings and Princes, under whofe
Government there arife Herefies and Schtfins, as often as there is Need-
firft, that they preferve the true and Catholick Religion and Faith, and ob
ferve the Commands of God; and fecmdly^ that they every where jupprefs
and extinguip heretical Impiety j by the Difcipline and Rigour ofthe Secu
lar Power, whkh the Sacerdotal Office cannot do- by their DoBrine and Ec
clefiaftical Cenfures. Thus Pope Leo implored the Afliftance ofthe Emperor
againft Hereticks, in his 55* Letter to the Emperor Martian, and 36th to
the Emprefs Pulcheria, and 23d to the Emperor Theodofius II. It belongs
alfo to the Care and Concern of the Pope, ¦ to take certain goad and faithful
Men in the Court of every Prince, %vho may enquire out Hereticks, and eve
ry Thing that belongs to the Defence ofthe Catholick Faith, and the Prefer
vation of Unity, and put the Prince in mind of whatfoevcr is neceffary to
Peace, and inform the Pope of all Juch TranfaBions whatfoever ; as we find
it in the 34th and 80th Letters of Leo to Bipop Julian, the 55 th to the
Emperor Martian5 and 'the ff l'to the Emperor Lea But

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 83
But, not content with this, the Popes, by their Decrees, Bulls, and
Refcripts, command all Magiftrates whatfoever to yield all Afliftance to
the Inquifitors, feverely threatning them with the moft grievous Punifh
ments, if they are wanting to their Duty. All which Things are laid
together in the Book concerning the Form of Proceeding againfl Hereticks,
generally afcribed to Johri Calderine.
Of the Privileges of tbe I n qjj i s i t o r s.
As we have briefly defcribed the Offices of all the Minifters of the In
quifition, it remains now that we treat more fully and distinctly ofthe
Inquifitors, who are the Chief of aU. We wiU therefore give an Account
of their Privileges and Power.
The Privileges of the Inquifitors are many and great, which the Popes
of Rome have granted them with a liberal Hand, that they may more
chearfully perform their Duty, and vigoroufly execute the Laws made
againft Hereticks.
Urban IV. by a Bull, grants the Inquifitors, That no Delegate of the
Apoftolick See, or Sub-Delegate under him, no Confervator, or Executor
deputed by the faid Apoftolick See, or hereafter to be deputed, pall be able to
publijh the Sentence of Excommunication, Sufpenfion, or Inter diB, againft
them, or their four Notaries or Writers faithfully obeying them in theje Mat
ters, whilft they Jhall be engaged in the Prqfecution of this Affair, without
the fpedal Command of the aforefaid See, making full and exprej's Mention
of this Indulgence ; and he decrees, every Thing done contrary hereto to be
null and void. This Privilege is granted them, that the Caufes of Reli
gion may not be forfaken orhindred by the Excommunication of the In
quifitors, andother Ministers of the Office, and Hereticks, in the mean
while, go unpunished hy fuch Hindrances of their Judges.
He hath granted the fame alfo, by a fpecial Privilege to the Inquifi
tors of the Orders ai Predicants and Minors, that they may not be hin-
der'd by their Superiors in the Caufes of Faith. If it pould fo happen,
that the Mafter and Minifter General, and other Priors and Minifters Pro
vincial, and Keepers and Guardians of other. Places of your Order, Jhall,
under Pretence of certain Privileges, or Indulgences of the fame Apoftolick
See, granted to the faid Orders, or hereafter to be granted, enjoin, or, in
any manner, command you, or any one or more of you, thai you J'uperfede this
Affair j or a Time, or as to^certain Articles, or certain Perfons; we, by our
Apoftolick Authority, do firitftly .prohibit you, and all and fingular of you,
M 2 that

84 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
that ye do hot pre fume in this, or by any Means whatfoever, to obey andfub-
mit 'to them. For we, by theTencr of thefe Prefents, do revoke all fuch Pri
vileges or Indulgences, as far as relates to this Article •;• and do wholly pro
nounce null and void all Sentences of Excommunication, .-.Inter diB,- and
Sufpenfion, if it pall fo happen that they have been pronounced againfl you,
or any of you, upon this Occafion. For if 'this aforefaid See 'doth fometimes
give Commiffion, under a certain Form, by its Letters to any Prelates of
your Orders, that they pall be. able to take certain Friars qf their Orders
to execute the Office ofthe Inquifition againfl heretical Pravity, and to re-
move.ihem when they think expedient, and to fubfiitute others; yet by this
there-is '-no Faculty, Jurifidi&ion, or Power granted them in this Affair,
immediately committed, or to be committed to you by the aforefaid See ; be
caufe the only Reafon why fuch Commiffion in fuch Part. is granted them,, is,
thatJhey are prejumed to have a more full Knowledge, of .the Fiinefs of the
Friars gf their own Order. - . . ¦'-. v;j ! <_y:.- ¦ "¦¦ .,
.^'Tis- alfo granted to the Inquifitors in Fayouf of the Faith, that when
they cannot, without Lots of Time, and Danger to the Affair, have Re,.
courfe to their "Superiors, who, in fuch Places, may. lawfully, execute Ju-
ftice, they may require the Temporal Lords, and their Officials, though
excommunicated, to afford them their Affiftance and Favour, according
to their Office, without incurring themfelves the Penalty of. ^communi
cation : Though they, require fuch excommunicated Perfons, they flail not there-.
fore incur the Sentence of Excommunication. Agreeahle to thisi' although
the Acts of Tyrants are in Law void and null ; yet, in Favour of the
Faith, if a Tyrant, or any other unjuSl; Lord, by Command of the In
quifitors, doth any Thing againft Hereticks, 'tis valid.
The Inquifitors only, andf not the Ordinaries, can publifh Edicts
againft Hereticks. Thus lately a certain. Edict, publifhed hy Command
of the Ordinary, during the Time of Lfentv was revoked. But we fhall
fpeak more of this hereafter. Likewife the Inquifitors only, and no others,
can abfolve from Excommunication for Herefy contracted, by Virtue of
a Jubilee, or Letters ofthe Apoftolick See; arid even from, the Sentence
of Excommunication, which the Pope himfelf pronounces againft them
at the Feftival of the Sacrament. ...
The Inquifitors can excommunicate, fufpend, and interdict. How
grievous this their Excommunication is, fhall be related elfewhere.
They can alfo command any Prefbyter, with Cure or without, to
publifh monitory Letters made by him, and denounce, before the People,
the Perfons excommunicated by them: And, if he refufesto doit, they may

The Hifttry of the \ N QU I S I T I O N. Ss
may punifh fuch Prefbytef, not only with a Cenfure, but with fome other
Punifhment. Perfons under Excommunication, or Interdict by the Inquifitor, can't
be abfolved by the Ordinary, or any other Perfon, without the Command
ofthe Pope, except in the Article of Death.
The Inquifitors may apprehend Hereticks, thoiigh they fly to Churches ;
nor can the Biihops hinder them from this, under any Pretence.
The Inquifitor may prohibit the Secular Judge from proceeding againft
any Perfon, upon Account of any Procefleamade by the Inquifitor himfelf,
or upon Occafion of any Confeflion made before. fuch Inquifitor.
Whofoever, by himfelf or others, fhall kill, or beat, or Strike any one
of the Inquifitors, or Officials- of the Holy Office, he is to be delivered
over to the Secular Court, without any Charge of Irregularity, according
to the Grant of Pope Leo X. The aforefaid Grant is now extended to
thofe who damage the Effects of the Inquifitors, or Officials, by the pro
per Motion of Pius V. >
Likewife the Inquifitors receive the entire Fruits of their Benefices, to-
gethei>with the daily Diftributions, whenabfent; as appears in the Let
ters of Paul III. and Pius V. which are in the firft Volume of the Let
ters of this Inquifition.
. The Pehfions referved by the Apoftolick Authority to the Holy Office,
are free from the Payment ofthe fifteenth,, as the fupreme Congregation
ofthe Holy Office hath declared, for the Inquifitor at Pavia againft the.
Chapter ofthe Metropolitan Church at Milan. The ; Pope hath alfo
often declared, that the Benefices united to the Inquifitions are free from
Payment of the Tenths.
They are alfo free from aU real and perfonal Offices, and even from
the Law ofthe Generality,, by a fpecial Royal Privilege, vvhich is alfo
extended to fome ofthe Officials, as is more fully contained in the firft
Volume. Lodgings, Provifions, and other Neceffaries, are to be provided for the
Inquifitors and their Officials at a juft Price, according to the Tenor of
the Privilege of Queen Joan.
-The Inquifitors may make Statutes againft Hereticks, and encreafe the
Punishments againft them.
They may alfo carry Witneffes above two Days Journey.
Farther, Urban IV. hath granted another Privilege to the Inquifitors,
that they may abfolve themfelves and their Afliftance, and difpenfe with
themfelves as to their Irregularity. That you may the more freely promote the

86 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
the Affair of the Faith, we grant you, by the Authority of thefe Prefents,
that if it pould happen that you, and the Friars of your Order, your Affi-
fiants, pould in any Cafes, by human Frailty, incur the Sentence of Ex
communication and Irregularity, or remember that you have incurred, it %
fince you cannot eafily, on this Account, have Recourfe to your Priors, be
caufe ofthe Office enjoin' d you, you may mutually abfolve one another upon
thefe Accounts, according to ihe Form of the Church -, and, by our Auth(h
rity, may difpenfe with yourfelves, in Cafes in which the faid Priors can do
it by Grant ofthe Apoftolick See. They can likewife abfolve their Servants
and Familiars from Excommunication for apprehending any one upon
Account of their Office, as Innocent IV. fays in a Bull.
But there are three Cafes in which the Inquifitors cannot mutually ab
folve themfelves. The firft is, when they have omitted to proceed againft
any one they ought to have proceeded againft. The fecond, when they
have falfely charged any one with Herefy, or faid that they have hinder'd
the Holy Office, who, in reality, have not. But the Inquifitors are not
fubject to this Penalty, if they omit to proceed through Ignorance ; but
only when they know they ought to have proceeded, and have then
omitted to proceed through Hatred, Favour, Love, Money, or Entreaty,
contrary to Juftice and their own Confcience; or, on the other hand,
have proceeded when they ought not. The third Cafe is, when they
have unlawfully extorted Money, under Pretence of their Office, or have
confifcated the Effects ofthe Church for the Offences of the Clergy,
Amongft the Privileges ofthe Inquifitors 'tis not the leaft, that the In
quifitor hath Powrer of granting an Indulgence of twenty or forty Days,
as he fhall fee fit, to all that are truly penitent, and confeffed, and who
attend on his Sermon made for the Faith, according to that Refcript of
Innocent, Clement, Alexander, andUrbanlV. They can alfo releafe from
the Penances enjoin'd them, for three Years, aU the Companions and Friars
ofthe Inquifitor, and alfo his Notaries, who have laboured together with
them in the Profecution of this Affair, and who have, from their Hearts,
perfonally afforded Afliftance, Counfel, and Favour againft Hereticks, their
Favourers, Receivers, and Defenders. And if any ofthem Should happen to
die in theProfecution ofthisBufinefs,. they grant them full Pardon of all their
Sins, for which they are contrite in Heart, and confefs with their Mouth.
Gregory IX. plainly declares thus, in his Refcript, in thefe Words : Add
to thefe Things, In order to their more freely and effeBually executing the
Office committed to them in all the Premifes, we, confiding in the Mercy of
Almighty God, and in the Authority of the bleffed Peter and Paul bis Apa* files,

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I ON. 87
files, do releafi for three Tears, from the Penance enjoined them, all who
Pall attend on their (the Inquifitors) preaching, twenty Days in their Je-
veral Stations ; and all thofe who floall, from their Heart, afford Affifiance,
Counfel, and Favour, to the jubduing of Hereticks, and their Favourers,
Receivers, and Defenders, in their fortified Places and Cafiles, or any other
that rebel againft the Church. And if any fuch pould happen to die in the
Profecution of this Affair, we grant them full Pardon of all their Sins, for
which they are contrite in their. Heart, and which they confefs with their
Mouths. Pegna tells us, that the Crofs-Bearers enjoy this Privilege to<
this Day, and they are the fame with the Familiars in Spain,, who are
at the Beck of the Inquifitors, and execute all Things they order them,
to promote this Holy Office, the Propagation of the Faith, and the Ex
tirpation of heretical Pravity. But as there are extant the Bulls of five
Popes, who, every one of them, grant thefe three Years of Indulgences,
fome infer from hence, that thefe Years of Indulgences are to be added
together, and therefore that Indulgences of fifteen Years are granted to
all who promote the Office of the Inquifition, for every Time and In
ftance : And Pegna, who befieved once that the Indulgences of the for
mer Popes were only confirmed by the Bulls of the latter, fays there is
Reafon to add them to one another. But to the Inquifitors themfelves
is granted a plenary Indulgence in Life and Death,., by a Refcript of
Alexander IV.
This, plenary Lidulgence the Repertory ofthe Inquifition extends fo
far, as that the Inquifitors fhall not only obtain it once in their Lives,
but by all perfect Acts whatfoever,4 that are celebrated againft Hereticks,,
in Favour and to the Praife ofthe Faith.
Of the Jurisdiction of the Inquisitors.
Becaufe the Inquifitors are Judges delegated by the Pope in the Caufe
of Faith, that aU Herefy may be wholly extirpated according to the Pope's
Pleafure, Power is given, them in Favour of the Faith, of proceeding
againft all forts of Perfons whatfoever; few only are excepted. The In
quifitor can't proceed againft the Officials and Legates of the Apoftolick
See, nor againft: Bifhops ; hut he may give Notice of their Crimes to the
Apoftolick See. John XXII. ordained the fame ; when Matthew de
Pontiniano, a Predicant, Inquifitor of heretical Pravity in the Kingdom.
oi Sicily, pronounced Sentence of Excommunication againft G.deBaleto,
Archdeacon of Forli, and Chaplain to the Pope. Bdxt.Pius IV. by an.
Extra-

88 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N>
Extravagant, in the Year 1563, ordained, that the Cardinals Inquifitors Ge
neral over all Chriftendom, might proceed againft Bifhops, and all other
Prelates whatfoever, and. admonifh and cite them, and require their
perfonal Appearance within a certain Term, and that under grievous Pe
nalties ; that fo, when the Procefs is formed, it may be reported to the
moft holy Lord, and that the deferred and juft Punifhment may be pub
lished againft them.
As to fuch Religious as were exempt, there was formerly a great Va
riety about the Power of proceeding againft them. For Alexander IV.
by a certain Refcript, ordained, that the Inquifitors fhould proceed,
without Diftinction, againft all manner of religious and exempt Perfons
whatfoever. The fame alfo was ordained by others. But Pius II. about
the Year 1460, granted to the Vicar of the Order of the Friar Minors,
that he fhould make Inquifition, and punifh his own Friars fufpected
concerning the Faith, or of Herefy. A few Years after, Sixtus ordain'd,
by a golden Bull, which may be feen in the Book of the Privileges of
the Predicant Order, Fol. 163, that the Predicants fhall not proceed
againft the Friars Minors, nor the Minors againft the Predicants, in thofe
Places where they exercife the Office of the Inquifition. A few Years af
ter this, Innocent VIII. fotbid all the Inquifitors to proceed in any man
ner, or make Inquifition againft the Friars Minors, as appears from the
Apoftolick Letters written about this Affair, contain'd in a Book entitled,
Fundamentum trium Ordinum beati Francifci.
But whereas thefe Immunities were fometimes manifestly dangerous to
the Faith, the later Popes have fubjected all religious or otherwife exempted
Perfons, in the Caufe of Faith, as formerly, to the Inquifitors of heretical
Pravity. Thus Clement VII. by a Refcript, and Pius IV. by another ;
for which Reafon it was declared, by Charles V. Emperor in Spain,
That the Soldiers of St. James, if they fhould happen to be Hereticks,
are not exempted from the ordinary Jurifdiction, nor from that of the
Inquifitors. The fame Rule alfo is entirely to be obferved as to the Sol
diers of St. John, and as to all others whatfoever.
In fome particular Religions, the Order is prefcribed, which muft be
obferved in denouncing heretical or fufpected Friars; whereby the Prior
of the Convent muft make the Denunciation to the Provincial, the Pro
vincial to the General, and the General to the Office of the Inquifition.
But that this round-about Way may be avoided, when this Method can
not be fo conveniently obferved, the Prior alone may make the Denuncia
tion, or any other in his Room upon his Abfence, that the Caufe of Faitli
may not be delay'd. gut

The Hiftory of the I N'QU I S I T I ON. 89
But although the Inquifitors may thus proceed againft all religious and
exempt Perfons, yet there are fome Religious, againft whom private In
quifitors are not eafily aUow'd to proceed," becaufe of the Prerogative of
their Dignity. Such are the Mafters General of Orders, of the Predicants^,
Minors, and the like; and alfo the Mafters General of the Military Reli
gious. When fuch are to be proceeded againfl, the proper Way is,
firft to inform the Inquifitors General, who, upon taking Cognizance of
the Caufe, muft decree what is neceflary t6 be done, unlefs the Criminal
attempts to efcape, and' there appears Danger in Delay. . ' " '. -' ' i 'j
Farther, the Inquifitor hath Power to proceed againft Priefts; , More
over, the Priefts, and-others'of the Clergy, who jhall be found to .hinder' the
Office of the Inquifition, either by infiruBing Hereticks and their Belie
vers, when cited, to conceal the Truth, or fpeak Falpood, or by .endeavour--,
ing unlawfully 'to deliver them, may, in fuch Cafes, fince 'tis certain they aB'
in. Favour of- heretical, Pravity f be refrained .by the Inquifitors, and cha-
fiized with defierved Punipmenf, either by feizing their Perfons, or other-'
wife, as the Fault ofthe Criminal pail 'require.
And finally, they may proceed againft all Lalcks whatfoever, without
Diflinction, infected, fufpected, Or defamed of Herefy, of every Condi
tion,- not excepting Princes and Kings. . -In the latter Cafe they thiiik; it
fafer, when they /proceed againft Princes and Noblesthat are Hereticks^ or
fufpected of Herefy, \o confult the Pope,' according to whofe Will/ arid"
Manner prefcribed by him,' they muft proceed againft them: Not for
that they think any Deference is due to Nobility, which is forfeited by
Herefy,. but tb.preyent Scandal; for if the Inquifitors Should ; publickly
animadvert on Nobles, Confute,, '.arid Magiftrates, they , might eafily be,
lender' d, efpecially in fufpected Places, and >^here the Inquifitors are poc}r„
and weak. * "
Moreover, they may proceed againft all Perfons whatfoever, of every
Condition, and whatfoever Privileges they enjoy, if they any ways ob-
ftruct the Office of the Thquifltion. :' Thus- Alexander W. -commands in'
his Bull, beginning, Let all Contraveners be puniped by the Ecclefiaftical
Cenfure,, without any Regard Jo their Appeal: Any Privileges or indul
gences ' whatfoever f granted by the faid See, or hereafter to be granted,
ff>ecidlly:;or, generally, under whatfoever Expreflion or Form of Words, or any*.
Perfons of whatfoever Condition, Dignity, , or Degree, Religion or Order,
or tb any Communities or'Umverfitiei'qj' Cities or Places, to the -cvhifary'
rfotwithflandingf For: byfhefifor'ahy other Privileges Pr Indulgences, W
wduldJmtLhdve\iiwfi'aiHfJd'ghhtPi The farhe;Pope ' in'
•;NV4. N 'his

90 The Hiftory of the IN QUI S ITIO N.
his Bull, commands, That if the Clergy and Religious do not afliSl, the
Inquifitors. according to their Office and Power, tfreymaybe proceeded^
againft, according to the' Canonical Sanctions', 'any Privileges to the cdn-i
trary natwlthffonciing.' , f V ." ' ' '' ¦ '
: The Inquifitqrs. ' may alfo proceed againft thofe who hayfe- offended if/
their Province, and remove themfelves to another.; as alfo againft thofe
who, having offended any where elfe, are found in their Province.
We have a famous Inftance h.ovv infojently the Inquifitors fometimes
abide this Power, in Joan, Daughter of the Emperor Charles V. whom
they cited, before their Tribunal, to interrogate her concerning a certain
Perfon, in fome Matters relating to the Faith. The EmperOr hirhfelf
was fp afraid of this Power, that he commanded his Daughter not tp
put off the Affair, but make her Deposition without Delay, to avoid the
Sentence of Excommunication^ as well againfl others as ' againft hfmfelf,
if* She? believed him culpable in the ShiaiYeft Matter. Upon which ,the
moft ferene Joan gave in immediately " her pepofition before FernaHd1
Valdez, Archbifhop oi Seville, at that Tibie Tnquifitor-Genefal.v Blitlf
the Bifhop, or Inquifitor, fends for Wkneffes from any other. Diocefe,1 he
is not obliged. to fend the Procefs to the Bifhop pi fuc§ L^iocefey nor can,
fuch Bifhop juftly demand it.
In this Age, the Sp'anifk Inquifition endeavoured, under a fpecious Pre*
tence, to extend its Jurifdiction over1 the. Subjects 'of .othei Kings.' Ac
cording to the Conventions and Treaties between the Kings pf England,
and Spain, the EngUp, whom, the Spaniards call Hereticks, were allow*cL,
upon the Account of Commerce and Trade, to dwell in the Countries of
the Catholicks, upon this Condition, That they" fhould" not" be molefted
for any Matters relating to Religion and Faith, unlefs they gave publick.
Offence ; in which Cafe they were to be punifh'd in Proportion' to die:
Scandal given, according to Law.
Of the Prisons of the Inqjmsitors, and Keepers of thofe
Prisons.
Prifons were formerly appointed to keep, Men in Cufiody, and not tp
punifh them ; but, by the Canon Law, they may be ufed for Punifh-.
ment. Heretofore the Bifhop and Inquifitor might, have their Separate -
Prnons to hold Perfons in quftpdy, but not to. punifh them ; for ass they
cannot condemn any one to Irnprifpnraent without the -ConSent of both,
^therefore required that the Prifon for Punifhx^ent fhall be coainjqii to,
both:

fk Hiftory of the 2 N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 9 1
"both t Siit now they have not usually Separate Prifons j the fame that be
longs to the Inquifitor, in which Criminals are kept in Cuftody, being
common to the Bifhop.
Here are two Things to be explained. Firft, What muft be dohe be
fore any Perfon can be thrown into Prifon. Secondly, What Method
muft be obferved in kefeping and. placing the Prifoners.
As to" the firft, hear what* their own Authors fay. In all Caufes, as
welt civil as criminal, Criminals muft not be apprehended without a fum
mary Inquifition againft them concerning their Crime firft had. This is
particularly to be obferved in the Crime Of Herefy ; for tho' in other Crimes
no one Tuners much in his' Reputation merely for his being thrown into
Prifon, yet to be taken up for the Crime of Herefy is greatly infamous,
which muft therefore be proceeded in with great Caution : For fince the
Reafon of proceeding in the Crime of Herefy is* much more important
than in other Offences, there is Need of a greater Inquifition, and of a
fummary Cognizance, . before Criminals are apprehended. So that no
one is lightly to be Shift up hi clofe Prifon for Small Offences, for Propo
fitions that found ill, of that are fcandalbus, or blafphemous, or others
which do riot contain real Herefy ; but is to be confined either in fome
Monaftery, or in his own. Houfe or City.
TheTriquifitors may, indeed, proceed in the Crime of Herefy againft
any Perfon, efpecially if he be otherwife vile, upon a light and moderate
Sufpicion, fo far as to afk fuch fufpected Perfon, what he thinks of the
Faith. But, in order to apprehend any one for Herefy, two credible
Witneffes are required, although they fay that the Teftimony of a fingle
pne, if beyond all Exception, is fufficient, who depofes what he few of
heard; yea, if he" be not beyond all Exception, yet is otherwife fit, pro
vided he agrees with the Informer; for, in this Cafe, they fay, there are
two Witneffes,' and confequently more than half Proof, which is fufficient
•for any one's being -apprehended. But that 'ohe Wftriefs, ^bove all Ex
ception, is enough in this Cafe, they prove from the Madrid Inftruction}
Anno : 1-56 1,. C^.4. which fays, If the Teftimony be not fufficient for the ap
prehending, <$tc. This Inflructiori is in the Angular Number, and therefore
intimates^ that one lawful Witnefs againft any one, is fufficient for his
being taken up; efpecially if the Perfon be- fcandalous, and vile,, and
fufpected; as are all the new Converts of the Mahometan Sect in the
Kingdom of Valencia ; and, as Roy as fays, the French and Germans 'of
the Luftyfa-n. But if the Perfon accufed be noble, and of good Reputa
tion ahd Fame, he is riot to be "apprehended " upon La fingle* Teftimony5.
I N 2 How-

-St% The Hiftory; of ( the d NvQ>y 1 S IT I C>N.
-However, .this is left to the .Pleafure., of the Judge, ..after- having, cenfider'd
the Quality of the Perfon ,_ and his Offence ; not that the', inquifitors ofthe
Faith fhould appear eager to take up Criminals ; for they are always to
ufe great Circumfpectjon. ~ This is ^Specially neceffary in the receiving
and examining Witneffes.' ' They rnuft, in; the firft P^ace, admonifh them,
how horrible and' dreadful a' Wickednefs. it is, to., give falfe Witnefs in any
Caufes, and efpecially in! the Holy Office "of the. Inquifition ; arid that
they fhould have God, and his awful and; tremendous Judgment, before
their Eyes, that they may not, for Prayer, or Price, or Entreaty, or any
other wicked Affection, .defame an innocent Perfon with fo great a Crime.
Then the Witneffes are to- be interrogated concerning the Place, and
Time; what they few or heard ; whether the Perfon-acted or pfqnounceicji
heretical Words, once or oftner;. with what Obftinacy or Eagemefs'he
affirmed them; and what other Perfons we're prefent; and for what
Caufes, Rea fons, and Occafipns, they were prefent; and concerning all
other Circumftances neceffary to, difeover the Truth or Falfhood.
Thefe,-, Things. premifed,' therWitneffes received,1 and the Propofitions
qualified, the Promoter Fifcal demands before the Inquifitors, that the
Criminals be apprehended and imprifoned, that they may fuffer the de-
ferved Puniihment. """ . *
• When the^ Offence thus appears, and 'tis proper, to appreherfd the .Cri
minal, the Inquifitor may then order him to be taken upv When they
have determined upon his being apprehended, they give out the Order tp
that Officer, who, according to the Cuftom of the Holy Office; is to
take up Criminals ; and his Order is fubfcribed by the Inquifitors. If feye-;
ral Perfons are to, be taken dp the fame Day and Time, they give an Order
for each Perfon, which is inferred in their refpedtive Proceffes, that, fiicH
Acts, , which are of great. Weight, . may appear "openly.
As to the fecond : All Criminals have not. alike Places of Imprison
ment; their Cells being either more ~te^^ or more eafy and
chearful, according to the Quality of the Perfons- and their Offences. In
reality, there is no Place in the Prifon of the Inquifition that can be
called pleafant or chearful, the whole Prifon is fo horrible- and nafty.
, This. Prifon . is called, in Spain and Portugal, Santa Cafa, i. e. the
Ifply Houfe ¦;. Every Thing, it feems, in thisOffice muft be Holy. "'The
Prifons au-e fo built, as the Author of theHiftory of the inquifitiori at Goa
defcribes .thern', and as will appear from other Relations, that they will
hold a great Number, of Perfons. . They confift of feveral Pdrticoes, every
one , of whkhlji divided into J^eral'fn&ll £ etts of a Square' Form', each
-il •_ "yi Side

The Hiftory of the I N QU I SI TION- 9 3
Sjde\ being , about ten Foot. There are two Rows of them, one being-
built over the other, and all of them vaulted. - The upper ones are en-
lighten'd by Iron Grates, placed abQve the, Height of a ..fall Man. The
lower, ones are under Ground, dark* without any Window,, and nar
rower, than the upper ones. The Walls are five Foot thick. Each Cell
isfaflen'd with two Doors, the inner one thick, and covered over, with
If oh ; 'and, in the lower Part of it, there is an Iron Grate. In the up
per. Part of it, is a fmall Window, . through which they reach to the
Prifoner his Meat, Linen, and other Neceffarjes, which is Shut with two
-Iron Bolts. The outer Door is entire, without any opening at all. They
generally open it, in the Morning,, from Six, a-Clock till -Eleven, in order
to refrefh the Air of the Prifon. ,-,_,„ ^ .
In all tliefe Prifons the Prifoners, Men and Women, without any Re
gard to Birth or Dignity, are fhaved the firft or fecond Day of their Im-
prifonment. Every Prifoner hath two Pots of Water every Day ; one to'
wafh,. and the other to drink; and a Befom.to cleanfe his Cell, and a
yiaX made of Rufhes-.tq lie.upon,; and a larger Veffel to. eafe Nature, with
a Cover to put over" it, which is changed once every • four Days. The
Prpvifions which are given to the Prifoners, are. rated according to the
Seafon, and the Dearnefs or Plenty of Eatables. But if any rich Perfon
is imprifoned, . and will live and, eat beyond the ordinary Rate of Pro-
vifions, and according to his own Manner, he may be indulged, and
have what is decent, and fit for him; his Servant, or Servants, if he hath
any, being with hirii in the Prifon. If there are any Provifions left, the
Keeper, and no other, muft take them, and give them to the Poor.
But if they find, by the very Accufa tion,. that any Perfons are to be pu
nifhed with Forfeiture of all their Effects,, they do not fuffer them to live
fo plentifully, but order them a fmall Penfion for their Subfiftence, viz.
about thirty Mafavedis, of the Value' of ten Dutch Stivers. , This' agrees
with the Account oilfaack Orobio, who had a plentiful Fortune at Seville,
and was neverthelefs ufed very hardly in the Prifon of the Inquifition
there. Although his Eftate was very large, yet he was allowed a very
fmail Penfion to. provide himfelf Provifion. This was Flefh, which they
made him fometim.es drefs and prepare for himfelf, without, allowing him
the Help' of any Servant. In thisMannef are the richer Prifoners treated.
As to the poorer, and fuch who have not enough, to fupply themfelves
in Prifon, their Allowance is fixed by the King, viz. the Half of a Silver
Piece of Money, call'd a Real, every Day. Dr. Geddes tells us of one in
the Inquifition at Lifbon, who was allowed no rnore jthan three Vintems a

$4 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S IT'I O N.'
Day ; a Vintem is about an JS/zg/^ Penny farthing. Out of this fmall
Sum, the Buyer of their Provifion, whorri they call the Difpenfer, and
their Wafher, muft be paid, and all Other Expences that are neceffary for
the common Supports of Life. Befides, this very Royal Allowance for
the Prifoners, doth not come to them but through the Hands of feveral
Perfons, -and thofe none of the moft honeft ; firft by the Receiver; then
the Difpenfer, then the Cook, then the Prifon Keeper, who, according
to his Office, diftributes the. Provifion amongft the Prifoners. Gonfahiiii
adds, that he gave this particular Account of this Matter, becaufe all thefe
Perfons live, and have their certain Profits, out of this fmall Allowance of
the King to the Prifoners • which cpriiing to them through the crooked
Hands of thefe Harpies, they cannot receive it till eyety orie^of them hatti
taken out more than a tenth Part of it.
The Author ofthe Hiftory of the Inqnifttiort at Goa tells us, this Order
is obferved In diftributing the Provifioris: The Prifoners have Meat given
them three times every Day ; and even thofe who have the Misfortune' to
be in this Cafe, and have Money, are not treated much better than
others, becaufe their Riches are employ'd to make Provifion" for the Poorer.
I was informed, by Ifaack Orobio, that in Spain they fometimes give the
Prifoners Coals, which they muft light, and then drefs their owh Food :
Sometimes they allow them a Candle. Thofe who are confined in the
lower Cells, generally fit in Darknefs, and are fometimes kept there fofe
feveral Years,, without any one's being" fuffer'd to go to or fpeak to them,
except their Keepers, arid they only at certain Hours, when -they give
them their Provifion. They are not allowed any Books of Devotion, hut
are Shut up in Darknefs and Solitude, that they may be broke with the
Horrors of fo dreadful a Confinement, arid, by the Miferies of it, forced
to confefs Things which offentirries they have never done. '
And how dreadful the Miferies of this Prifoii are, we have a SarribuS
Inftance given us by Reginald Gonfalvius Montanus. In the Age before
the laft, a certain Englip Ship put in at the Port of Cadiz, which th£
Familiars of the Ihquifitipn, according to' Cuftom, fearched upon the
Account of Religion, before they fuffered any Perfon to come a-fhore,
They feized on feveral Englifh ;Ferfons, who were on board obferving
in them certain Marks of Evangelical Piety, and of their having received
the beft Inflation, and threw them into Prifon. In that Ship diere was
a Child, ten or twelve Years old at moft ; the Son of a Very rich Eng*
Iff Gentleman, to whom, as was reported;' the Ship, and principal Part
qx her Loading, belonged": Amongft others; they took rip alfo this Child. The

The Hanccf^ tbe I NQJH S I TI O N. 9s
The Pretence was* that he had in his. Hands the Pfalms oi David in
EngUp': But, as Gonldhius tells us, thofe who knew their Avarice and
©jrfed-.Arts,: may well believe, without doing any Injury to the Holy
Inquifition, that they had got the Scent of his Father's Wealth, and that
this was the true Caufe of the Child's. Imprifonment, and of all that Ca
lamity that followed aftec it, r- However, the Ship, with all its Cargo,
was. confifcated, . and thp CMdi, with the other Prifoners, were carried to
the Prifon of the Inquifition at Seville, where he lay fix or eight Months.
Being kept iri fo ftrait Confinement for fo long, a while, the Child, who
had been brought up tenderly at home,, fell, into a very dangerous Illnefs,
through the Dampnefs of the Prifon, arid the Badnefs of his Diet.
When the Lprds Inquifitors were inform'd oi this, they order'd him to
be taken out of the Prifon, and carried,, for the Recovery of his Health,
to theHofpital, which they call the Cardinal.. Hither they generally bring
all who happen to fall ill in.' the Prifon of the Inquifition, where, befides
the Medicines, of which, according to the pious Institution of the Hospi
tal, there is Plenty, and a little better Care, upon account of theDiftem-
per, nothing is abated" of the Severity of the former Prifon ; no Perfon,
befides the Phyfician, and the Servants of the Hofpital, being allowed to
vifit the tick Perfon; and, asfoon as ever he begins to grow better.,, be--
fore he Is fully recover'd^ he is put again into his former Prifon. The
Child, who had contracted a very grievous Illnefs from that long and. bar
barous Confinement, was carried into the Hofpital,, where he loft the
Ufe of both his Legs ; nor was it ever known what became of him after
wards.. In the mean while, 'twas wonderful that the Child, in fo tender,
an Age, gave noble Proofs how firmly theDoctrine of Piety was. rooted,
ia his Mind ; oftentimes, but i efpecially Morning and Evening, lifting
up his Eyes to Heaven, and praying to him,, from. whom he had been.
inftrurted by his Parents to defire and hope for certain Help ; which the
Keeper having often obferved, faid, He was already grown a flout little
Heretick. About the fame Time, a certain Perfon was taken up and thrown into
the fame Prifon, who had, voluntarily abjured the Mahometan Impiety,
and. came but a little before from Morocco, a famous City of Mauritania, ,
and Capital ofthe Kingdom, into that Part of Spain which lies directly
over againft it, with a^Defign to turn Chriftian. When he had obferved.
that the Chriftians were more vicious and corrupt than the Moors he had
left, he happen'd to fay, that the Mahometan Law feem'd to him better
than the1 Chriftian, For. this, th© good Fathers of the Faith laid hold of

96* The Hiftory *of the, I N QU I S IT I O N.
of him, thruft him into Prifon, and ufed him fo cruelly, th at he faid
publickly, even when in Confinement, that he never repented of his Chri
ftianity, from the Day he was baptized, till after his having been in the
Inquifition, where he was forced, againft his Will, to behold all manner
of Violences and Injuries whatfoever.
The Complaint of Confiantine, the Preacher of Seville, was not lefs
grievous concerning the Barbarities of this Prifon j who, although he had
not as yet tafted of the Tortures, yet often bewailed his Mifery in this
Prifon, and cried out, O my God, were there no Scythians in the World,
no Cannibals more fierce and cruel than Scythians, into whofe Hands thou.
couldfi carry me, fo that I might but efcape the Paws of thefe Wretches !
Olmedus alfo, another Perfon famous for Piety and Learning, fell into the
Inquifitors Hands at Seville ; and, through the Inhumanity of his Treat
ment, which had alfo proved fatal to Confiantine, contracted a- grievous?
Illnefs; and, at laft, died in the midft of the Naftinefs and Stench. He
was ufed to fay, Throw me any where, 0 my God, fothat I may but efcape
the Hands of thefe Wretches ! j
The Author ofthe Hiftory oiGoa agrees in this Account, who frankly
©whs, that, through the Cruelty and Length of his Imprifonment, he
fell into Defpair, and thereby often attempted to deftroy himfelf; firft,
by ftarving himfelf,- and, becaufe that did not fupceed, he feigned himfelf
fick vand, when the Phyfician ofthe Inquifition found his Pulfe un
equal, and that he wasfeverifh, he ordered, him to be let Blood, ^ which"
was done again five Days after. When- the Doctpr was gone, he un
bound his Arm every Day, that fo, by the large Effufion.-of Blood, he
might continually grow weakenand weaker. In the mean while, he eat
very little, that by Hunger, and Lots of Blood, he might put an End! to
his miferable Life.- Whilft he was in; this<fad Conxion, he had fent hinr
a Confeflbr. of the Francifcan Order, who, by;, various Arguments of
Comfort,. ^endeavoured to recover him. from his X)efpair. , They alfo gave
him a Companion in his Prifon, which was fome Comfort to him. in his.
Confinement. But: growing welt again, after: about Jive Moriths,. they
took his Companion from him. . TheLonefomenefs-of his Prifonhrought
on again his Melancholy and Defpair, which made: him invent another.
Method to deftioy himfelf: He had a-: Piece' pf Gold: Money, ¦¦ which the
had -concealed Jn his. Clothes, ; which he broke .into two Parts; and'
making it Sharp, he opened wit-hit a Vein breach Arm, and loft fo much
Blood,, that he felt into a. Swoon, the Blood ¦ running 4bout the Prifon.
But fomcof the Servants,, happening to come, before the ufual Time „tb

bring

fa^^.pZ

7r

^yffru/ c//vry////af . jLc ffrz/'/tf: Tht/w/fttl.

The) Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 97
bring hlfn fPmething, found him In this Condition. The Inquifitor
hereupon order'd him to be loaded with Irons upon his Arms and Hands,
and ftrictly watched. This Cruelty provoked him to that Degree, that
he endeavoured to beat- his Brains out againft the Pavement and the Walls ;
and undoubtedly the Ligariients upon his Arms would have been torn off,
had he continued any longer in that State. Upon this, they took off his
Chains, gave him good Words, encouraged him, and fent him a Com
panion, by whofe Converfation he wasrefrdhed, and bore his Mifery
with a little more Eafinefs of Mind : But, after two Months, they took
him from him again ; fo that the Solitude of his Prifon was more diftreffing
to him than before. ,.
j The Prifoners, as foon as ever they are thrown into Prifon, are com
manded to give' an Account of their Name and Bufinefs; then they en*
quire after their Wealth ; and, to induce them to give in an exact Ac
count, the Inquifition promifes them, if they are innocent, all that they
difcover to them fhall be faithfully kept for, and reftored to them ; but
that if they conceal anyThing, it fhall be confifcated, though they fhould
be found not guilty. And as in Spain and: Portugal -moft. Perfons are fully
perfuaded of the Sanctity and Sincerity of this Tribunal, they willingly
difcover all their Poffeflions, even the moft concealed Things of their
Houfes, , being certainly perfuaded, that, when their Innocence fhail ap
pear, .they fhall foon recover their Liberty and Effects together. But
thefe miferable Creaturesrare deceived; for he that once falls into the
Hands of thefe Judges, is ftripped at once of all he was poffeffed of. For
if any one denies his? Crime, and is convicted by a fufficient Number of
Witneffes, he is condemned as a negative Convict, and all his Effects
confifcated: If, to efcape the Prifon, he confeffes his Crime, he is guilty
by his own Confeffion, and, in the Judgment of all, juftly ftripped of his
Effects. When he is difmiffed from Prifon, as a Convert and Penitent,
he dares not defend his Innocence, unlefs he defires to be thrown again
into Prifon, and condemned, and, as a feigned -Penitent, to be deliver'd
over to the Secular Arrri.
When the Prifoner is brought before his Judge, he appears with all
outward . Signs of Humility. In this Condition, he is brought out of
Prifon by the Warder. When he comes to the Room of Audience, the
Warder goes a little forward, and makes a profound Reverence, then
withdraws, and the Prifoner enters by himfelf. In the Midft of the Au
dience Room there is placed a Crucifix, that reaches almoft to the Ceiling,
O between

98 The Hiftory of the I N QUI SI TION.
between the Arms of the Pope and thelrfquifition. In the Middle of
the Hall is a Table about five Foot long, and four broad, with Seats
placed round it. At one End of the Table fits the Notary of the Inqui
fition ; in the Middle the Inquifitor is feated ; and over againft him the
Prifoner on a Stool. Upon the Table is a Miffale, and a fmall Crucifix,
upon which the Prifoner is command to lay his Hand, and to fwear that
he will fpeak the Truth, and keep every Thing fecret. After they have
Sufficiently interrogated him, the Inquifitor rings a Bell for the Warder,
who is commanded to carry back his Prifoner to Prifon.
No one in the Prifon muft fo much as mutter, or make any Noife,
but muft keep profound Silence. If any one bemoans himfelf, or bewails
his Misfortune, or prays to God with an audible Voice, or fings a Pfalm
or facred Hymn, the Keepers, who continually watch in the Porches,
and can hear even the leaft Sound, immediately come to him, and ad-
monifh him that Silence muft be preferved in this Houfe. If the Pri
foner doth not obey, the Keepers admonifh him again. If, after this,
the Prifoner perfifts, the Keeper opens the Door, and prevents his Noife,
by feverely beating him with a Stick, not only to chaftize him, but to
deter others, who, becaufe the Cells are contiguous, and deep Silence is
kept, can very eafily hear the Outcries and Sound of the Blows. I will
add here a fhort Story that I had from feveral Perfons, which, if true,
fhews us with what Severity they keep this Silence. A Prifoner in the
Inquifition coughed : The Keepers came to him, and admonifhed him to
forbear coughing, becaufe it was unlawful to make any Noife in that
Houfe. He anfwer'd, 'twas not in his Power. However, they admo
nished him a fecond time to forbear it ; and, becaufe he did not, they
ftripped him naked, and cruelly beat him. This encreafed his Cough,
for which they beat him fo often, that at laft he died, through the Pain
and Anguifh of the Stripes.
They infift fo feverely on keeping this Silence, that they may cut off
every Degree of Comfort from the Afflicted ; and efpecially for this Rea
fon, that the Prifoners may not know one another, either by finging, or
any loud Voice ; for it oftentimes happens, that, after two or three Years
Confinement in the Prifon ofthe Inquifition, a Man doth not know that
his Friend, nor a Father that his Children and Wife are in the fame
Prifon, till they all fee each other in the Act of Faith : And finally,
that the Prifoners in the feveral Cells may not talk with one another which
if ever found out, their Cells are immediately changed. If

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 99
If any one falls ill in the Prifon, they fend to him a Surgeon and Phy
fician, who adminifter all proper Remedies to him to recover him to
Health. If there be any Danger of his dying, they fend him a Confeflbr,
if he defires it. According to the Provifion of the Madrid Inftruction,
Anno 156 1, cap. 71. If any Criminal falls ill in Prifon, the Inquifitors
?nufi take diligent Care that he may have Medicines, and all Things necef
fary for his Safety, and the Advice of one Phyfician or more, to recover him.
And if he defires a Confeffbr, let them affign him one of known Probity, and
who -may be confided in, and let him be fworn to Secrecy. If the Penitent
fays any thing to him in Confeffion, which he would have told out ofthe Pri-
jbn, let him not obey him in this by any Means, nor difcover any fuch Com
mands : But if he enjoins him any Thing out of Confeffion, let him reveal
that to the Inquifitors. Farther, let the Inquifitors admonip and infiruB
the Confeflbr how he pall behave towards the Penitent; particularly that he
tell him, that fince he was impri fined for Herefy, and accufed as guilty of it,
he cannot be abfolved, unlefs he judicially , declares his Herefy. . Let other
Things be left to the Judgment and Confcience of the Confeflbr, who ought to
be inflruBed, that he may under/land what is fit to be done in fuch a Caufe.
If the Criminal doth not afk for a Confeflbr, and the Phyfician be
lieves the Diftemper to be dangerous, he muft be perfuaded by all Means
to confefs ; and, if he judicially fatisfies the Inquifitors, he is to be recon
ciled to the Church before he dies ; and, being abfolved in Judgment, the
Cpnfeffor muft abfolve him Sacram entally. This is order'd by the fame
Inftruction. If he is well, and defires a Confeflbr, fome are of Opinion he may not
have one granted him, unlefs he hath confefled judicially : Others think
he may ; and, in -this Cafe, the Confeffor's Bufinefs is to exhort him to
confefs his Errors, and to declare the whole Truth, as well of himfelf as
of others, as he is bound, de jure, to do.
They are particularly careful not to put two or more in the fame Cell,
unlefs the Inquifitor for any fpecial Reafon fhall fo order, .that they may
not concert with one another to conceal the Truth, to make their Efcape,
or to evade their Interrogatories. The principal Reafon, indeed, feems
to be, that, through the Irkfomenefs of their Imprifonment, they may
confefs whatfoever the Inquifitors would have them. But if an Hufband
and his Wife are both imprifoned for the fame Offence, and there be no
Fear that one fhould prevent the other from making a free Confeffion of
the Crime, they may be put in the fame Cell.
O 2 * " The

Too The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T ION.
- The Inquifitors are obliged to vifit the Prifoners. twice every Month,
and to enquire whether they have Neceffaries allowed them, and whether
they are well or not. In this Vifit they ufually afk him in thefe. very
Words, How he is? How he hath his Health ? Whether, he wants any
Thing ? Whether his Warder is civil to him ? i. e. whether he fpeaks to
him in a reproachful and fevere Manner ? Whether he gives him his ap
pointed Provifion, and clean Linen ? and the like. Thefe are exactly
the Sentences and Words they ufe in thefe Vifits, to which they rieither
add any Thing, nor act agreeably ; for they ufe thern only for Form's
fake, and when the Inquifitor hath fpoken them, he immediately goes
away, fearce flaying for an Anfwer : And although any one of the Pri
foners complains that he is not well ufed, tis of no Advantage to . him,
nor is he better treated for the future. If there be Occafion or Neceffity,
it will be convenient for them to vifit the Prifoners three or four times
every Month, yea, as often as they think proper, viz. when the Crimi
nal bears with Impatience the Misfortune and Infamy of his Imprifon
ment ; in fuch Cafe the Inquifitor muft endeavour to comfort him very
often, not only by himfelf, but by others, and to tell him, that if he
makes a free Confeffion, his whole Affair fhall be quickly and kindly
ended. The Inquifitors muft take Care not to talk with the Criminals, when
they are examined orvifited, upon any other Affairs but fuch ^s. relate to
their Bufinefs. Nor muft the Inquifitor be alone when he vifits, or other-
wife gives them Audience; but muft have with him his Collegue, or at
leafta Notary, or fome other faithful .Servant of the Holy Office.
This alfo they are particularly careful of, that the Criminals may not
be removed from one Cell to another, nor affociate with any other. If
any Prifoners have been Shut up together at once in the fame Cell, when
s. they are removed, they muft be removed together, that hereby they may
be prevented from communicating ^any Thing that hath been tranfacted
in the Prifon. This, is more efpecially to be obferved, in cafe any: of
them recall their Confeffion, after they have been removed from one Cell
and Company to another. But if a Criminal confeffes, and; is truly, con
verted, he may more eafily be- removed from one Cell to another, becaufe
the Inquifitor is in no Pain for fear of his retrading, but may oftentimes
make ufe of him to draw out the Truth from other Prifoners.
If Women are imprifoned, they muft each of them have, according to
their Quality, one honeft Woman, atleaft, for a Companion, -who muft
never be abfent from her, to prevent all Sufpicion of Evil. This Compa nion

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. ioi
nion muft be ancient, of a good Life, pious and faithful. Sometimes
When Women are to be imprifoned, they do not carry them to the Pri
fon of the Inquifitors, efpecially if they are Regulars, if the Prifons be
within the Walls of the Monafteries, but to the Convents of the Nuns.
When this happens, they command the Abbefs or Priorefs to admit no
Difcourfe with the Prifoner without exprefs Leave ofthe Inquifitor, but di
ligently to obferve the Order given her. But, when the Caufe is of Im
portance, and full of Danger, and fuch they efteem all that relate to the
Faith, they think it fafer that Women fhould be imprifoned in the Pri
fons of the Inquifitors : But the Cardinals Inquifitors General are to "be
confulted in this Affair, who, after mature Consideration, are to deter
mine, whether it be moft expedient that fuch Criminals fhould be kept in
the Prifons ofthe Bifhops, or Inquifitors Regulars, efpecially if they are
young- and handfome, as is often the Cafe of thofe who are taken up for
telling People's Fortunes about their Sweethearts.
"Tis farther the Cuftom and received Ufe of this Holy Tribunal, that
fuch who are imprifoned for Herefy, are not admitted to hear Mafs, and
other Prayers which are faid within the Prifon, till their Caufe is deter
mined. Their principal Pretence for this Cuftom is, that it may poffibly
happen, when there is a great Number of Criminals, that the feveral Ac
complices, Companions and Partakers of the Crime, may, at leaft by
Nods and Signs, difcover to one another how they may efcape Judgment,
or conceal the Truth.
But the true and genuine Reafon is, that the Prifoner may have nor
thing to contemplate befides his prefent Misfortune ; that fo, being bf oken
with Miferies of his Confinement, he may confefs whatfoever the Inqui
fitors would have him. For this Reafon they deny them Books, and all
other Things that would be any Relief to them in their tedious Imprifon
ment. "If any one of the Prifoners whatfoever prays the Inquifitor, when
he vifits him, that he may have fome good Book, or the Holy Bible, he
is anfwer'd, that the true Book is to difcover the Truth, and to exonerate
his Corifcience before that Holy Tribunal; and that this is the Book
which he muft diligently ftudy, viz. to recover the Remembrance of
every Thing faithfully, and declare it to their Lordfhips, who will im
mediately prefcribe a Remedy to his languifhing Soul. If the Prifoner,
in the fame or next Vifit, is importunate about it, he will be commanded
Silence, becaufe if he afks to pleafe himfelf, they may grant or deny him,
according to their Pleafure. The

201 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
The keeping the Prifon antiently belonged to the Executors Office ;
and, as often as he was abfent, he was obliged to provide another Keeper
at his own Charge : But now the Keeper is created by the Inquifitor-Ge
neral, and is different from the Executor.
Thofe who keep the Prifons for the Crime of Herefy, muft fwear, be
fore the Bifhop and Inquifitor, that they will faithfully keep their Prifoners,
and obferve all other Things prefcribed them.
There muft be two Keepers to every Prifon, induftrious and faithful
Men, one appointed by the Bifhop, the other by the Inquifitor. Each
of them may have their proper Servant. Befides this, to every Cell there
muft be two different Keys, each Keeper to have one, which they may
give to their Servants, to fupply the Prifoners with Neceffaries. The
Bifhop and Inquifitor have no Power to agree that there fhall be but one
Keeper, becaufe it doth not feem fafe enough ; neither is it allowed them
by Law, nor appointed in their Caufe or Favour.
But now there is only one Keeper appointed in every Province, chofen
by the Inquifitor-General, who is not allowed to give the Prifoners their
Food : But the Inquifitors chufe fome proper Perfon to this Office, who
is commonly called the Difpenfer. The Provifions they give the Crimi
nals are generally prepared and dreffed in the Houfe of the Inquifition ;
becaufe if they were to be prepared in the Houfes of the Criminals them
felves, or any where elfe, fomething might eafily be hid under them,
that might furnifh them with the Means to conceal the Truth, or to
elude or efcape Judgment. This, however, is to be left to the Prudence
and Pleafure of the Inquifitors, whether and when the Criminals may,
without Danger, prepare their Provifion in their own Houfes. But,
upon account of the Hazard attending it, the Inquifitors but feldom, and
not without exquifite Care, gratify them in this Particular. If any
Things are fent by their Friends, or Relations, or Domefticks, the Keeper
and Difpenfer never fuffer them to have it, without firft confulting the
Inquifitors. As thefe Keepers have it in their Power greatly to injure or ferve their
Prifoners, they muft promife by an Oath, before the Bifhop and Inquifi
tors, that they will exercife a faithful Care and Concern in keeping them,
and that neither of them will fpeak to any of them but in Pretence of the
other, and that they will not defraud them of their Provifion, nor of thofe
Things which are brought to them. Their Servants alfo are obliged to
take this Oath. But,

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 103
But, notwithftanding this Law, a great Part ofthe Provifion appointed
for the Prifoners is with-held from them by their covetous Keepers ; and,
if they are accufed for this to the Inquifitors, they are much more gently
punifhed, than if they had ufed any Mercy towards them. Reginald Gon-
falve relates, that, in his Time, Gafpar Bennavidius was Keeper of a
Prifon: " He was a Man of monftrous Covetoufnefs and Cruelty, who
" defrauded his miferable Prifoners of a great Part of their Provisions,
" which were ill dreffed, and fcarce the tenth Part of what was allowed
" them, and fold it fecretly, for no great Price, at the Triana. Befides,
" he wholly kept from them the little Money allowed them to pay for
" the wafhing of their Linen ; thus fuffering them to abide many Days
" together in a nafty Condition, deceiving the Inquifitor and Treafurer,
" who put that Money to the Keeper's Account, as though it had been
" expended every Week for the Ufe of the Prifoners, for whom it is ap-
" pointed. Neither was it very difficult to deceive them, becaufe they
" took but little Pains fo enquire out the Truth. If any one of the Pri-
" foners complained, muttered, or opened his Mouth upon account of
" this intolerable Ufage, the cruel Wretch, who had divefted himfelf of
" all Humanity, had a Remedy at hand. He brought the Prifoner im-
" mediately out of his Apartment, and put him down into a Place they
" call Mazmorra, a deep Ciftern that had no Water in it. There he left
" him for feveral Days together, without any Thing to lie on, not fo
" much as Straw. His Provifion there was fo very rotten, that it was
" more proper to deftroy his Health by Sicknefs, than to preferve it, or
" fupport him in Life. All this he did without ever confulting the In-
" quifitors, and yet fraudulently and villainoufly pretended their Com-
" mand to his Prifoner. If any one befought him to complain to the
" Inquifitors for fo injurious a Treatment, for they could not do it by
cc any other Perfon, and to defire an Audience, the cunning Wretch,
" knowing that the whole Blame muft lie upon himfelf, pretended that
" he had afked, but could not obtain it. By fuch forged Anfwers, he
c< kept the miferable Prifoner in that deep Pit twelve or fifteen Days,
" more or lefs, till he had fully gratified his Anger and Cruelty. After
" this he brought him out, and threw him into his former Prifon, per-
" fuading him that this Favour was owing to his Humanity and Care
" having made Interceffion for him with their Lordfhips. In fhort, his
" Thefts _ and Injuries with which he plagued his Prifoners, who were
" otherwife miferable enough, were fo numerous, that -fome Perfons of
" Intereft with the Inquifitors at length accufed him before them. Upon
" this

104 The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T IO N;
" this he was imprifoned himfelf; and being found guilty of many fklfe
Cc Accufations, he received this Sentence : That he fhould come out at
" a Publick Act of the Faith, carrying a Wax Candle in his Hand, be
" banifh'd five Years from the City, and forfeit the whole Sum of Mo-
t£ ney, which by Virtue of his Office he was to have received from the
\{ Holy Tribunal.
" This very Man, whilft he was Keeper, had in his Family an ancient
" Servant-Maid, who, obferving the Diftrefs of the Prifoners labouring jun-
" der intolerable Hunger and Naftinefs, through the Wickednefs and Bar-
" barity of her Mafter, was fo moved with Pity towards them, being her
" felf well inclined to the Evangelical Piety, that the often fpoke to them
lc through the Doors of their Cells, comforted them, and, as well as fhe
tc could, exhorted them to Patience, many Times putting them in Meat
" under their Doors, in Proportion to the mean and low Abilities other
" Condition. And when fhe had nothing of her own, by which to Shew
<c her Liberality to the Prifoners of Chrift, fhe ftole good Part of that Pro-
" vifion from the wicked Thief her Mafter, which he had ftolen from,
" the Prifoners, and reftored it to them. And that we may the more
" wonder at the Providence of God, who fo orders it, that the worft of
" Parents fhall not have always the worft of Children, but fometimes
*c even the beft; a little Daughter of the Keeper himfelf was greatly.
ic aflifting to the Maid in thefe pious Thefts. By means of this Servant
" the Prifoners had Information ofthe State ofthe Affairs of their Bre-
<c thren and Fellow Prifoners, which much comforted them, and was
t( oftentimes of great Service to their Caufe. But, at length, the Matter
" was difcoverd by the Lords Inquifitors, by whom fhe was thrown in-
" to Prifon for a Year, and underwent the fame Fate with the other Pri-
<c foners ; was condemed to walk in the publick Proceflion, with a yd-
" low Garment, and to receive two hundred Stripes, which, was execu-»
ted upon her the following Day through the Streets of the City, with
the ufual Pomp and Cruelty. To all this was added Banifhment from-
the City and its Territories for ten Years. Her Title was, The Fa-
vourejs and Aidrej's of Hereticks. What excited the implacable Indig
nation of the Lords, the Fathers of the Faith, againft her, was, That
they difcovered in her Examination, that fhe had revealed the Secrets.
of the moft Holy Tribunal to fome ofthe Inhabitants of the City,, par
ticularly relating to, the Provifion allotted to the Prifoners. From both
thefe Examples, and from their different and unequal Punishment, any
one may fee how much fafer it is to add to the Affliction of the'pri- " foners

u

The Hiftory gf the INQUISITION. I o y
" foners in their Prifon, than to comfort them by any Act of Humanity
" and Mercy whatfoever."
And,, in order that the Prifon of Hereticks may be kept fecret, no one
of the Officials, no not the Judge himfelf, as we Shall afterwards fee,
can enter it. alone, or fpeak with the Prifoners, but before another ofthe
Officials, nor without the previous Order of the Inquifitors. All are obli-:
ged to fwear that they will obferve this, that no one may fee or fpeak to
the Prifoners befides the Perfon who gives them their Neceffaries, who
muftbe a faithful honeft Perfon, and is, obliged to fwear that he will not
difcover the Secrets, and muft be fearched, to prevent his carrying any
Orders or Letters to the Prifoners.
This Command they will have obferved as moft facred, becaufe, as
they fay, Secrecy is the Strength of the Inquifition, which might eafily
be violated unlefs this Order be punctually kept, and therefore they al
ways moft feverely punifh thofe who tranfgrefs it. Gonj'alvius Montanus
gives us a very remarkable Inftance of this. " A few Years ago, viz. be-
" fore Gonj'alvius wrote this Account, one Peter ab Her era, a Man not
" altogether vile, but of fome Humanity, and not very old, was ap-
" pointed Keeper of the Tower of Triana, which is the Prifon of the
" Inquifition. It happen'd, as it often doth in fiich numerous and pro-
<c mifeuous Imprifonments, that, amongft other Prifoners committed to his;
" Cuftody, there was a certain good Matron, with her two Daughters,
tc who were put in different Cells, and earneftly deflred the Liberty of
" feeing one another, and comforting each other in fo great a Calamity.
" They therefore earneftly entreated the Keeper, that he would fuffer
tc them to be together for one quarter of an Hour, that they might have
tc the Satisfaction of embracing each other. He, being moved with Hu-
" manity and Companion, allowed them to be together, and talk with
" one another for half an Hour, and, after they had indulged their mutual
" Affections, he put them, as they were before, in their Separate Prifons.
" A few Days after this, they were put, with great Cruelty, to the
" Torture ; and the Keeper, being afraid that, through the Severity of
" their Torments, they fhould difcover to the Lords the Fathers Inqui-
" fitors his fmall Humanity, in fiiffering them to converfe together for
" half an Hour without the Inquifitors Leave, through Terror, went
" himfelf to the Holy Tribunal, of his own Accord confefled his Sin,
" and prayed for Pardon ; foolifhly believing, that, by fuch his Confer
" fion, he fhould prevent the Punifhment that threaten'd him for this
u Action. But the Lords Inquifitors judged this to be fo heinous a Crime,
P « that

ioo* The Hiftory of the I N QU I S IT I O N.
" that they order'd him immediately to be thrown into Prifon ; and fuch
u was the Cruelty of his Treatment, and the Diforder of Mind that
" followed on It, that he foon grew diffracted. However, his Diforder
" and Madnefs did not fave him from a more grievous Punifhment ; for,'
u after he had lain a full Year in that curfed Prifon, they brought him
" out in the publick Proceflion, cloathed with the yellow Garment, and
" an Halter round his Neck, as though he had been a common Thief,
" and condemned him firft to receive two hundred Lafhes through
" the Streets of the City, and then to i the GalKes for fix Years. The
" Day after the Proceflion, as he was carried from the Triana to be
*' whipt with the ufual Solemnity, his Madnefs, which ufually feized >
*' him every other Hour, came on him; and throwing himfelf from the
** Afs on which, for the greater Shame, he was carried, he flew upon
" the Inquifitory Alguazue, (who is an Officer that executes the Orders of
f * the Inquifition) and fhatching from him a Sword, had certainly killed;
" him, had he not been prevented by the Mob who attended him, and
*£ fet him again upon the Afs, and guarded him till he had received the
" two hundred Lafhes, according to his Sentence. After this, the Lords
*' Inquifitors ordered, that as he had behaved himfelf indecently towards,
" the Alguazile, four Years more fhould be added to the fix for which
u he was at firft condemned to the Gallies."
Thefe Keepers are anfwerable for the fmalleft Fault, for they are to
ufe the fame Care in the Cuftody of their Prifoners, as Fathers ought to
do in governing their Families; fo that if they fuffer any one to efcape
from Prifon, they are to be punifhed according to the Nature of their
Offence. "Tis therefore their Bufinefs frequently to vifit and fearch the-
Cells of their Prifoners, to prevent any Thing from being clandeftinely
carried in, by which they may deftroy themfelves, dig through the Walls,.
and fo efcape. Their Care of the Women is to be peculiarly ftrict, fince
the Sex iff naturally frail, and more fubject than Men to yield to Paffion
and Defpair, and fo are more likely to feek an Occafion of deftroying
themfelves. They muft, above all other Things, take Care that they
do not behave themfelves indecently towards their Women Prifoners.
Thus the Congregation of Cardinals Inquifitors General, condemned a
Keeper- to the Gallies for feven Years,, and to perpetual' Banifhment from
the Place where he committed his Offence, for having carnal Knowledge
of a Woman that was Prifoner in the Holy Qffice; as appears from the
Letters of Cardinal Arigonius, Jan. 13, 1610, directed to the Inquifitor.
ot Cremona. ..;..:. If

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 107
If the Inquifitor thinks it neceffary to prevent the Efcape of any Pri
foners, he may lay them in Irons. If the Poverty of the Inquifitors is
io great, or their Prifons fo defective, as that they are not fit to hold in
fafe Cuftody, either for the Thinnefs of the Walls, or for want of Iron
Bars to the Windows, or fufficient Bolts for the Doors, if the Magiftrate
be required by the Inquifitor, he muft take Care of the fafe Cuftody of the
Prifoners, according to the Conftitution of Alexander IV-
What the feveral Duties of the Meflenger, Door-Keeper, and Phyfi
cian are, is plain enough from their very Names. They muft be honeft
Men, and not fufpected, and born of old. Chriftians.
Of tbe Expences of the I n qjj i s 1 t i o n, and Confifcation of EffeBs applied
to this Ufe.
Thefe Prifons cannot be built, nor Criminals be apprehended, nor
maintained in Prifon, without Expence. It was therefore neceffary that
fome Law fhould determine how thefe Expences fhould be provided for.
Befides, the Inquifitors, and all other Servants of the Inquifition, muft
have their Salaries paid them.
When the delegated Inquifition was firft conftituted, the Sentence con
cerning the Confifcation of Effects in the Dominions of the Church, was
pronounced by the Ecclefiaftical Judge; but in other Countries by Secular
Princes. But, in a Courfe of Years, it was, without any Difference,
provided that the declaratory Sentence concerning fuch Confifcation, fhould
every where be paffed by the Ecclefiaftical Judge, who judges of the
Crime ; and farther, that the Execution of fuch Confifcation, viz. the
Seizure of the Goods, Should be made by the Ecclefiaftical Judge, viz.
by the Bifhop or Inquifitor : The Execution of fuch Confifcation, or the
Seizure of the EffeBs themfelves flail not be made by Princes, or other Tem
poral Lords, before the Sentence for fuch Crime flail have been publiped by
the Bipop of the Place, or fome other Ecclefiaftical Perfon, who bath Power
in this Affair.
Whether Hereticks repent or not, whether they are converted before
they are delivered to the Secular Court, or afterwards, their Effects are,
ipj'ofaBo, confifcated. The Goods of Hereticks, who offend more grievouffy,
horribly, and detefiably than others, we, with the Advice of our Brethren,
decree to be, ipfojure, confifcated. Neither doth it fignify whether the
Heretick hath perfifted in his Herefy for a longer or fhorter Time ; be
caufe vHerefy is not judged of by the Length of Time.
P 2 But

1 08 The Hiftory of the I N QU I SIT I O -N.
But if any voluntarily return to the Church; before they are accufed or'
denounced, or if immediately after they are apprehended, they make a
full and entire Confeffion of themfelves and others, whom, they know to
be Hereticks ; fuch who thus return with a pure Heart, : before the De
pofitions of the Witneffes are publilhed, are, as feems equitable, kindly
excufed from Imprifonment, and have alfo for the fame Reafon theGon-
fifcation of their Effects remitted them. In Italy tis owing rather to
Cuftom than to any Papal Conftitution, that the Effects of penitent He
reticks are not fold. But in Spain, the Effects of Hereticks, though pe
nitent, are confifcated, not only by the Papal,, but. Royal Laws.
But as to the Seizure and Application of fuch confifcated Effects, the
Civil Law thus determines. Whom alfo we purfue with the Publication
of all their EffeBs. However fuch Effects, publifhed becaufe of Herefy,
were not condemned to the Treafury, if the Children of fuch Hereticks
were Catholicks; as is plain from the before-mentioned Law. Neither
do we permit their Children to become their Heirs, unlefs they.forfake. their
Parents Wickednefs. But if none fuch are to be found, the Effects are
all to be converted to the Treafury of the Secular Prince. This Method
of Succefliqn is prefcribed, if the Fathers fhould be Catholicks, and
their Children Hereticks. Becaufe heretical Children and Relations can
not fucceed Catholick Parents, if the Father be a Clergyman, the Church
fhall inherit ; if a- Layman, his Eftate Shall go to the Treafury.
But as the Crime of Herefy is merely Ecclefiaftical, they contend that
the Ecclefiaftical Laws, which order all Things relating to the.Punifh-
ment of it, ought to prevail, and be every where obferved. And there
fore fince the Confifcation of Effects is one ofthe Penalties ordained
againft Hereticks, they affirm, that what hath, befen ordained by the
Ecclefiaftical Papal Laws and Conftitutions, : ought to be obferved by all
that would approve their Obedience to the Church of Rome.
Pope Innocent III. in the Year of our Lord 1-199 or 1200. and fe
cond Year of his Papacy, firft ordained at the Later an, April Cal. 8. by
a decretal Epiitle, directed to the Clergy, Confuls, 'and People of Vit'erbo-
that the Effects of Hereticks fhould be confifcated, as had been deter!
mined by the Civil Laws, and that they fhouki be applied to the Trea
fury of the Church in the Countries fubject to her ;. and in other Domil
nlons of the Empire, to the Treafury of the Secular Judge. And this he
commands to be obferved, although Hereticks fhould have Catholick
Children, who by the Civil Law were allowed to fucceed to their Pa
rents Eftates. The fame Confifcation of Effects, a few Years after, viz.
Anno

The Hiftory of the^l N <iU I S I T I O N. 109
Anno 12 is, was decreed in the Lateran Council under Innocent III. hut
; with diis Difference obferved, between the Effects of heretical Laity and
^'Clergy. ' Sd that the. Goods of jiich condemned Perfons, if they are Laicks,
1 pall 'be 'confifcated; if of the Clergy, they fliall be applied to the Churches,
from whom they hdvc received 'their Stipends.
¦ 'Frdm thefe ind: other Conftitutions they infer, that if any Temporal
Lord, in .Favour of the Faith, actually doth thefe Things, or other
' Things equivalent, or greater, pf of, like Mature, to what the faid Con-
•'ftitutions require, he ought to have a Third Part of the confifcated Ef
fects ; Or ; mote, if the Pope allows, arid' knowingly permits it. And
therefore in Spain the Effects of fuch as are condemned for Herefy are
'rightly applied to the Royal Treafury ; becaufe the King hath not only
the Care of conftituting the Senate, which manages in the Royal Palace
all the Caufes of the whole Kingdom of Spain, relating to the Punifh-
ment of. this Crime, and of which one of the principal Prelates is Prefi-
tlent ; but! alfo liberally fupplies the Inquifitors, which the faid Prelate
appoints by the Papal Authority, and fends throughout the whole King-
dorri, to extirpate heretical Pravity, with all their Expences, and every
Thing elfe neceffary to their Office. But as in many Places the Tem
poral Lords do not grant the Inquifitors their Expences, nor fubmit to
thofe Burthens and Labours, which Innocent, Alexander, and Clement IV.
have commanded, Pegna doth not tinderftand by what Right they can
appropriate to themfelves the third Part of Such confifcated Effects ; and
therefore thinks that they ought all to be applied to promote and advance
the Holy Office : Efpecially as the Tnquifitors have now their proper
Prifons,. their nectiKry Attendance, anu their own Notaries and Minif-
ters,:- to the greateft Part of whom the Temporal Lords give neither Sub
sistence or Salary ; and when -defired, oftentimes refute to do it. Yea, if
the Inquifitor fometimes aflis the Guards, Apparitors, or Soldiers of the
Secular Lord, to execute any Affairs of the Faith, to take up Hereticks,
or carry them to Prifon, he will not fuffer them to go, without firft re
ceiving the Satisfaction and agreed Price from the Inquifitors.
Of ^Salaries of the In qjj i s i t o r s, and other Officers.
Formerly, in France, the Expences and neceflary Supports were given
them out of the Royal Treafury, by the Ballives ; who, in that Age, re
ceived the Returns of their feveral Diftricts, and had their Accounts au
dited in the Chamber of Accounts, as appears from thofe Accounts them felves,

no The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T ION.
felves. For fome of them gave in an Account of the Expences of the
Friars Inquifitors at Afcenfion Term, An. 1248* There is alfo extant in
the Royal Chamber of Records, Regifier Book 36. Cap. i(>. an Edict of
Philip the Fair, by which they are commanded, not only tofurnifh
the Inquifitors with neceffary Provifions, • but alfo to give them Aflif
tance and Counfel in the Execution of the Office committed to them.
To the Senefchal of Tboloufe, and Carcaffone, greeting: Whereas Friar
William de Morreriis, a Predicant, of whom we have received a favoura
ble Account, is, as is reported,, newly deputed, by the Apoftolick Authority,
Tnquifitor at Thoktufe, we comm anal you, that ye caufe to be given and
minifired to him our Prifons, fituat'e in qur JLands, for the 'Cufiody of Perfons
taken up for the Crime of Herefy ; as alfo' Money for his Provifion, and for
executing his Office ; and that you grant hjm all Help, Favour and Counfel
therein, as hath been hitherto granted to other Inquifitors, and as long as it
fhall be our Pleafure.
James, King of Arragon, by a Law, thus commands : Likewife aljp we
will and command, that ye provide for the faid Inquifitors, their Expences,
and pay all their Charges they pall be at upon Account of the faid Inquifi
tion, as well for Horfes as for other Matters, as they pall give in their Ac*
counts of them, as often as you pall be required by them, or any one of them.
In Italy and other places, where the Inquifitors are. poor, the Com
mon-wealth muft maintain them In the Places where they Uve, as is pro
vided hy many Refcripts of former Popes ; and particularly by a Refcript
of Innocent IV. 'Tis alfo the Duty of the Crofs-bearers to fupport the
Inquifitors with their Eftates, to which they have oblig'd themfelves by
' Vow. In Spain all thefe Things are determined by certain Laws. As to the
Expences relating to the Criminal under Inquifition, the Madrid Inftruc
tion, Anno 1 56 1. hath thus determined: Let fo much Money be taken out
of the fequeftred EffeBs of the Delinquent, as is neceffary to carry him to
Prifbny and fix or eight Pieces of Gold more for his own Support ; nor fhall
any more Expences be allow' d him than are neceffary for him, and the Cat
tle that are to carry him, and the Bed on which he is to fieep. If there be
no ready Money in the fequeftred EffeBs, fuch- of them however as are lefs
neceflary pall be fold to bring in the faid Quantity. The Executor of this
Affair [had take Care to write down what he- orders at the Bottonuf the re
gifter'd EffeBs, and what remains fhall be affigned over to the Difpenfator
of the Prifons, in the Pre fence of the Attorney of the Sequeftration. And
the Inquifitors jhall be certified as to the whole Affair. In

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S IT ION. 1 1 1
-In many Inquifitions this exact Order is not obferv'd, either through
Poverty, or for other Reafpns ; in which Cafe every one abides by the re
ceived Cuftom of his Inquifition.
«In Spain there are' fixed Salaries for the Inquifitors, and other Mini
fters of the holy Office,, which are paid them at ftated Times out of the
forfeited Effects, according to the Quantity and Order defcrib'd by Si-
mancas. " The Salaries muft be paid to the Inquifitors and Officers by the
" Commonwealth, which they ferve with great Labour,, but greater
C( Profit. Every Inquifitor hath annually allaw'd Sixty thoufand, which
" now is increas'd to an hundred thoufand Pieces, every one of which
" is worth two of thofe Brafs Pieces of Money, which they commonly
<c call Albi. The judges ofthe forfeited Effects have each of them thirty
" thoufand. The Promotor Fifcal as many. The Scribe or Notary the
" fame. The Executor fixty thoufand. The Receiver as many. The
" Meffenger twenty thoufand. The Door-keeper ten thoufand. The
" Phyfician five thoufand. Thefe Salaries may be increas'd at the Plea-
" fere of the Inquifitor-General, and are to be paid by the Receiver at
" die fixed Times, which if he neglects to do, he may be deprived of
" his Office by the Inquifitors.
" All thefe Salaries are paid out of the forfeited Effects. A third
*' Part is to be paid in the Beginning of every fourth Month, and they
** then begin to be due, when the Judges and Minifters go from . their
** Houfes to manage the Affairs of this Holy Inquifition. But if they
*' die before the four Months are compleat, their Salaries fhall be paid\
" and go to their Heirs.
" The Affeffors arid Counfellors have no Stipend, but muft give their
" Advice gratis, when the Inquifitors defire it, as fome Lawyers affirm -,
"¦ and though they may receive a Salary freely offer'd them, yet they can-
" not demand it, becaufe all Chriftians are bound to fupport and defend
"' the Affair of the Catholick Faith. However, thefe Affeffors, who are
"the Eyes of the Judges in every Caufe, even though it be Spiritual,,
" juftly receke a Salary for their Service and Labour, For many Things,
" are juftly received, which it would be Injuftice' to demand.
." Thofe Advocates who defend the Caufes of the Poor, have a Stipend
^ out of the Treafury, which is- ufually Very fmall, tho' honourable. But
" if the Criminals are not poor, the Advocates are paid out of their Effects..
'Tis alfo provided in Spain, by. many Conftitutions, that Inquifitors,,
who. receive Glfts^ iricw the Sentence of Excommunication, and are de-
p riyecL

U2 The Hiftory cf the I NQU I SITI O-NJ
prived pf their' Office, and fined double the Value of what they take.
This holds if they take Gifts from their Officials. 'Tis ordained alfo, by
the fame Inftructions, That all the Officers fhall be content with their Sti
pends, and receive no. Gifts ; not fo much as any thing-to drink or eat.
And if any one is convicted of doing it, he is deprived of his Office, muft':
pav double the Sum, incurs the. Sentence of Excommunication, -and; is
fined ten thoufand Pieces. If any one of the Officers knows of any.
fuch Thing, and doth not difcover it to the Inquifitors, he fnuft fuffer
the fame Punifhment. The Words ofthe Inftruction, Anno. 1484, Cap. v.-
are thefe : They have likewife decreed, that the Inquifitors and Affeffors of
the Inquifition, and other their 'Officials-, fuch as Advocates, Fifcals, Exe
cutors, Notaries, and Door-keepers, pall receive no Gifts or Money . from
any Perfons whatfoever, which the faid Inquifition doth or may lay hold of,
nor from any other Perfons appointed by them. And the Inquifitor-General
pall command them not to receive any Thing, under Pain of Excommunica
tion, Deprivation of Offices, which they hold from the Holy . Inquifition,
and returning double of what they take. .
But Paramus doth not interpret this Conftitution, fo as to make the
Inquifitors, who are criminal in this Refpect, actually incur Excommu
nication, and Deprivation of Office, but only fo as to make them liable
to this Punifhment from the Inquifitor-GeneraL He alfo believes,, if it
be a fmall Matter, the Inquifitors may take it when voluntarily offer'd to
them. But 'tis his Judgment that they would do better to take nothing
at all, neither from the Criminals, which looks very fufbicious, nor
from their Relations or Friends, or any other Perfons whatfoever.
Every Minifter of the Inquifition is alfo forbidden to concern himfelf
in any Traffick, either by himfelf or other Perfons : If any one doth, be
is deprived of his Office, and fin'd twenty thoufand Pieces. If any one
doth not difcover this, he is excommunicated.
The Inquifitors, Minifters, and Receivers, are alfo forbidden to buy
any Thing of the confifcated Effects, although they are publickly fold.
If any one doth buy any of them, though openly and honeftly, he ne
verthelefs incurs the Sentence of Excommunication, and is .fined in an
hundred Pieces of Gold.
However, as the Author of the Hiftory of the Inquifition at Goa in
forms us, the Inquifitors know how to amafs vaft Riches, by two Me
thods. When the Effects of the Prifoners, after Confifcation, are fold
by the Cryer, the Inquifitors, notwithftanding this Interdict, ufually fend
one of their Domefticks, who bid a low Price for fuch Things as their
Mafters

Tb'eMmftdf Shell N QUIS IiTI O N.T 115
Mafters want, being pretty fecure that no Body elfe will out-bid them ;
and, by this Means, they buy .very valuable 'Things for half Price, or lefs.
Befides this, the Inquifitors have a Right to demand the Payment of the
Expences, and-othercnsceSkry^Charges theyhave been at/ when, and in
what Sums they pleafe, whenever the Money arifing from the Confisca
tions is f,eafr$ed into the Royal Treafury; without ever giving any Rfa-
fon, ;pr any one's daring to afk them for what : .Purpofes, they: employ
them. . . a\ ,:t..i i'iovjiOJ s.3til ..' . -. : j . - • -1 .
Gonfalvius Montanus alfo tells us, in his Arts of the Spanip Inquifition,
Cap. 10, That die Inquifjtors are fometimes prevailed yvitjr to ufe their
Prifoners a little more kindly, by fome pretty Prefents made by their
Friends and Relations. But this Matter muft be dextroufly managed, that
fothe Inquifitor may not refute the Offer. The firft Thing therefore is,
to bribe one of his Servants, in which there is, no Difficulty, provided it
be done privately. When the Inquifitors themfelves are tampered withj
they generally anfwer, That Holy Tribunal is incorrupt, and fuffers no
manner of Gifts whatfoever to be received. But they have generally,
amongft their Attendance, fome Child of their Brother or Sifter, or, at
leaft, a Servant that they greatly efteem, and who is to be highly reflect
ed! and who only fees the Inquifitor refufe the Preterits offered to him.
This Servant comes to the Prisoner's Friend, and privately points out to
him the Relation of the Lord Inquifitor. This is giving him; to under
stand, unlefs the Perfon be a Stock, that, though before- he in vain at
tempted to corrupt the Integrity of this Holy Tribunal, he may, by this
Conveyance, prevail upon the Inquifitor, though he would refufe to ac
cept the fame Prefent, when more openly offered him.

,,-

CHAP.

1 14 The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T 1 0 N.
CHAP. IX.
-,.,': ' •• J
t'i ... . ... ... .-•-*
Qfithe Crimes , cognizable: i>y this Court.
r -¦•.-.: A, :¦ "' "J£^':* '
/AS there are many Offences, : and pretended Offences, which, at this
Jr\^ Time, fall under the Jurifdiction of the Inquifition, I will fpeak
of them under their proper Titles, to avoid Repetitions.
Firft, ' Of Hereticks and thei'r Punipments, Ecclefiaftical and Civil.
•{Vj . ' ' .a - •- . ¦''¦¦"-. 0'. \ '• .' ! : • --'
Three Things arefequked to make any one truly and properly an He
retick. Firft, That- he hath profeffed the Catholick Faith, i. e. hath
bedn baptized. Secondly, That he-' err in his Underftanding in Matters
relating to the Faith. What thefe Things -are, the Papifts enquire; but
they are reduced at laft to this'^ that all Points determined by a General
Council, or the Pope, as neceflary to be believed, or enjoined as' an Apo-
ifoli'ck Tradition, are Mattersof Faith. And thisis faid to make a Man
an Heretick initially, "and as ' to his Difpofitiori.1-: The Third is Obftinacy
of Will. -'This is difcovered two ways. The firft is, when any one is
called before a "Judge pf the Faith-,1 and by him informed that the Opinion
hfe holds iseontrary to an Article of Faith, of eontrary to the Determina
tion of the Church made concerning the Faith, and yet neverthelefs per-
fifts in hisError. The other is; when any Perfon, after the Difcovery
of his Error, will not renounce it at the Command of a Judge of the
Faith, by abjuring-it,- arid giving1 fuitable Ssttisfactiori.r-
This Crime is fo widely extended by the Doctors ofthe Church oiRome,
that they efteem as Herefy every Thing that is contrary to any received
Opinion in the Church, although it be merely Philofophical, and hath no
Foundation in the facred Scripture.
The Punifhments ordained agaiiu%i|ereticks are many, and moft grie
vous, becaufe the Church of Rpn^^^'^fk^. Herefy to be a much more
heinous Crime than any otherfe^^^^^Thefe Punifhments are di
vided by fome into Ecclefiafti^^^^fe^ Others fay that fome Punifh
ments are inflicted by Men. <tiSWtoW*ms comprehends, and particu
larly Specifies all of them, under this threefold Divifion. Of human Pu
nifhments ordained againft Hereticks, fome are Ecclefiaftical or Canoni
cal, which the facred Canons have appointed ; fuch as Excommunication^
Deprivation of Ecclefiaftical Burial Dignitiesa, Benefices,, and Ecclefiafti-
-^ cat

The Hiftory */ the I N QU I S I T 10 N. lis
cal Offices. Some are Civil, which the Civil Laws have enacted ; fuch as
the depriving Men of the Privileges and Benefits of Law, pecuniary Mulcts,
Banifhment, Death, and the Bann. Some are mixed, ordained both by
the Sacred Canons, and the Imperial Laws j fuch as Confifcation of Goods,
abfolving Subjeets from their Allegiance, -Infamy,- and the Ecclefiaftical
Interdict. I chufe rather to diftlriguifh P-uriifhment^only into Eccfefiaftital
and Civil. By Ecclefiaftical, I mean thofe which are inflicted on ^ny
one confidered as a Member of the < Church, and which are fuppofed to
derive on him fome Spiritual Evil. By Civil, -J- under ftand fuch Punifh
ments as refer to th.e Body or.Eftate of anyone, arid -^re inflictecl on'him
as a Member of Civil Society, whether they are appointed by the Civil or
Canon Law, or by both.
The firft Punifhment ordained againft' Hereticks by the Canon Lawj is
Excommunication. This was in ufe amongft th.e Chriftians in former
Times. For ever fince that Councils were ''held' for 'the E^t'irpatiori of
Herefy, theCuftom of excommunicating Hereticks was introduced. By
this Excbniriiuriication Hereticks were driven from the Sacraments, de
prived of the common Suffrages of the Church, and expelled fhe Com
pany of the Pious and Faithful.
The Ceremony of Excommunication is thus : When the Bifhop pro
nounces the Anathema; twelve Priefts muft ftand rourid him, and hold
lighted Candles in their Hands, which they muft throw down On the
Ground, and tread- under their Feet at the Conclufion of the Anathema,
or Excommunication. Then a Letter is fent about to the Parifhes, Con
taining the Names ofthe excommunicated Perfons, and the Reafon of
their Sentence.
An Interdict is a general Excomfnunication, pronounced againft a Pro
vince, a Town, or a City.
" An Ecclefiaftical Interdict, fays Brunus, is one of the principal Ec-
" clefiaftical Cenfures, as it forbids a Perfon all Divine Services; which
" is it felf the greateft Punifhment, as it deprives a Man of the Benefit
" of Divine Services and Sacraments, and affects the Soul, even ^is a
" Civil Interdict doth the Body. It is* pronounced fometimes againft a
" Perfon, viz. a Community or Chapter. Sometimes againft a Place, viz,"
" a Church or City. And there is this Difference : When a CbmiriUnity
" is interdicted, the Clergy may perform Divine Service with a loud
" Voice, the Gates being fhut, and the Bells rung, provided the ex-r
" communicate and interdicted Perfons be excluded, which they Can't '
"do in an interdicted Place. Farther, when a Community is put under

1 16 The Hiftory ofthe IN QU I S I TION.
" an Interdict, we are not to underftand it ofthe Community as a Body,
" but of fome particular interdicted Perfons ; becaufe the Matter of the
" Interdict is proportioned not to the Body, but the feveral Members.
" And yet an Interdict, may be pronounced againft the whole Community,;
" as a Punifhment of the Crime of the Governors of the Univerfity, or
" Body; in which cafe both the Guilty and Innocent are fubject; to.
" the Ecclefiaftical Interdict, efpecially thofe who were prefent, and
" knew the Faults of the Governors, without oppofing them. In this
" Cafe the Truth is, that all the Citizens, even the, Ignorant and Inno-
" cent, are included in the Interdict. fa
This Excommunication infers other Punifhments. For if an Heretick;
excommunicated hath" any fpiritual Jurifdiction, he forfeits it, nor can he
validly perform thofe Acts which require Jurifdiction, becaufe as this is
given by the Church, the Church may refume it. Hence all Things that
are done by a Prieft orBifhop, w ithout Permiffion, are null, for the- want
of Jurifdiction. • All Abfolutions, Cenfures, Sentences, Punifhments,
done by him, are void. Thus it is faid, that an excommunicated Perfon
cannot excommunicate, and that they are not to be look'd on as excom
municate, who are excommunicated by Hereticks. Yet they fo far re
tain the Powers belonging to their Order, that they may validly do an
Act which doth not require Jurifdiction, .tho' not lawfully, becaufe they-
fin in doing it ; and they give this Reafon, becaufe the Power of any
Order -confifts in an indelible Character. Hence they infer, that he who
hath once legally received this Power, muft always keep it, aiid that
therefore he .may validly do an act, which doth not require Jurifdiction,
provided the due Matter, Form and Intention be preferved, becaufe fuch
a Power hath his Force from the Inftitution of Chrift, which the Church
cannot fake away.
^ Finally, Hereticks are deprived of all -Ecclefiaftical Benefices and Dig
nities. But there is th is Difference, between Hereticks, and their Favour- >
ers, Receivers and Defenders. Hereticks are ipjbjure deprived of their
Ecclefiaftical Benefices, from the Day of their committing their Crime, by
a Refcript 'of Pius V. in which he referves all Benefices, of whatfoever fort'
arid where-ever they are,: vacant for .the Crime of Herefy committed by -
any one, to the Nomination and Appointment of the Apoftolick See;
whereas the Receivers, Favourers, and Defenders of Hereticks are not
ipjbjure deprived of their Benefices, but muft be deprived by Sen-'
tence. - .- aa ¦'?' .s irA-vr .tTJiirr.'7i .0..,.; .:.».,':;)jl;i „; -iV:j
s >) Amongft

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S 1 TI O N. 1 17
Amongft the Ecclefiaftical Punifhments is alfo reckoned, that no Offer
ing is to be made for thofe who die in Herefy, nor are they to receive Chrif
tian Burial.. ,
Political Punishments appointed by the Canon and Civil Laws againft
Hereticks, are various.- . J
The firft is what is commbnly called, the: Confifcation of their
Goods. " This Confifcation of Effects, Lewis a Parama derives from the Ex-
" ample of God, who, not contented with the Sentence of Death pro-
" nounced againft our- firft Parents, drove Man from the Place of his
" Delights, ftript of all his Goods, woundedin Naturals, and fpoifd of
" thofe Gifts that had been freely granted him, his original Integrity efpe-
" cially being ineparably loft, and adjudged him to hard and continual
" Labours, and, out of his Hatred to fo great a Wickednefs, commanded
" the very Earth to bring forth Briars and Thorns. This Example, he
" faith, the moft .holy Tribunal of the Inquifitiori follows, confifcating
"by a juft Profcription the Goods of Hereticks, and depriving them of
" all their Effects and Fortunes. Neither ought this Inftance to be ac-
" counted Foreign from the Cafe. For altho' the Confifcation of Effects
" doth not regularly take Place. as to all other Crimes, tho' very heinous,
" neverthelefs God, the 'firft of the Inquifitors, that in this deteftable
" Crime of Herefy he might give an Example to other delegated Ihquifi-
" tors, deprived our Parents of all their Effects, J ofthe Poffeffion of their
" earthly Paradife, the Ufe of all the Fruits of it, and their Dominion
" overall the Creatures; for they did not only after this not obey our
'' firft Parents, but became Enemies to them. He alfo deprived their
" Children and Succeffors of thefe Goods, &c. and this irrevokably. Nor
" can can any one evermore come to fuch a Place."
This Law is of great; Ufe in the Tribunal ofthe Inquifition, and ex
treamly hard and fevere upon the Criminals, their Relations and Heirs.
For hence it is, that becaufe the Goods of Hereticks are ipjbjure confif
cate, they become forfeited from the very Day of their Crime, fo that all
Donations by Hereticks, altho' fecretly made, are null and void. Even
Portions given to Daughters, to fupport the Burthens of Matrimony,
tho' it be the Duty of a Father to portion them out, or given to fuch
as" have taken on them the holy Vow of a Monaftick Life, are to be re
voked and confifcate. Zanchius gives this Reafon, Cap. 27. Becaufe his
Goods are confifcate from the very D/ay of his committing the Crime, and
therefore he can have no Right of Adminiftration. But as for the Goods of

1 18 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
of fuch, who can't purge themfelves, or are condemned for Contumacy,
they are not forfeited but from the Day they are prefumed to be Hereticks,
not from the Day that the Witneffes declare them to have been Hereticks.
If any one gives a Legacy npon account of Death, and falls into He
refy, and his Goods become confifcate, the Legacy fhall be recovered as
void, and belongs to the Treafury equally with all the other Goods of the
Heretick. If an Husband bequeaths any Thing to his Wife, and his
Memory be condemned for Herefy after his Death, fuch Donation fhall
be revoked, altho' his Legacies to others fhall ftand good. If any Thing
be owing to an Heretick by a conditional Contract, it belongsto the Trea>-
fery under that Condition, who muft perform it, if they conveniently
can. AH the Goods of a Wife condemned for Herefy and Irnpiety are
forfeited, whether they be her Dowry, or any Thing befides, whicn She
brought to her Husband, or fuch Donations as the Spaniards call Arrba,
(Arrha are the Prefents given to any Women upon their being betrothed ;)
of fuch Profits as belong to Wives by the Royal Laws. But the Husband
hath all his Actions good againft the Treafury. In like manner theGopds
of an heretical Son gotten in War are confifcated, becaufe that is the Son's
private Property, in which the Father hath no Right. If he fhall hap
pen to have fold any of his Goods, and the Money be in his Poffefllon,
of any Thing equivalent, let it be reftored to the Orthodox Buyer ; but
if it be confumed, it fhall not be reftored.
Hence it is, that in every Sentence, the Time of the Perfon's falling
into Herefy is particularly exprefled, and thefe or the like Words inferred
in it, And by this our Sentence, we declare, That all - and fingular hisfioods,
were brought into our Treafury from the faid Time of committing the Crime;
we dofolemnly declare all /and every of them to be confifcated to the Treafury
ofthe Church o/'Rome, and our Office of the Inquifition.
A Perfon however muft be declared an Heretick by the Judge, before
his Goods are actually confifcate.
This Confifcation of Goods is fo rigidly infifted on, that there is no
poflible jway of evading it, no not by fhe Alienation of a Man's Effeds.
The'Treafury of the Inquifition devours all.
But in our own Time the Spanip Inquifitors are endeavouring to ex
tend their Power and Jurifdiction further, and under the Pretence of Con
fifcation of Goods, to feize on theirs alfo, who have any Commerce with
the Spaniards, though they live in other Countries not fubject to them,
and have feparated from the Communion of the Church of Rome, becaufe
they have in their Ppffeffion fome of the Effects of thofe who are in the
Prifon

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 119
Prifon of the Inquifition, ot condemned by the Inquifitors, according to the
daily Practice of Traders and Merchants. Of this the Inquifition oi Mad
rid gave a remarkable Inftance a few Years ago. Feb. 1687. Many Per
fons were thrown into the Inquifition at Madrid, accufed of being con
cealed Jews. Amongft thefe were -Diego and Anthony Daiz, and Don
D ami anus de Lucena. About the End of Auguft 1688. Sentence was
pronounced againft them, by which all their Effects were confifcated,
and they themfelves fent to Toledo, there to perform wholefome Penance.
Thefe Perfons traded with Peter Poulle, a Merchant oi Amfierdam, who
Was neither a Jew nor a Spaniard, but a Chriftian, and a Dutchman, who
had in his Hands feveral of the Effects of thefe Spaniards. The Inqui
fition, in order to poffefs themfelves of thofe Effects,, which were not
fubject to their Power, difcovered by private Enquiry, that this Dutch
Merchant traded with feveral Spanip Merchants, and that he had a great
^any Effects in their Hands, and therefore ordered them all to be feized
by the Receiver of the forfeited Goods, till they had the Value of thofe
Effects, which the Amfierdam Merchant had in his Cuftody ; and gave.
this Reafon for the forcible Seizure, that the imprifoned Perfons had a
Claim -upon the Eftate of the Dutchman, and that their Claim was de
volved npon the Inquifition,' and that therefore they had the fame Right
as the Prifoners- themfelves to attach the others Effects, where- ever they
could be found in Spain: However, this Endeavour was iu vain, be
caufe no Confifcation can be juft, of fuch Effects which are in the Poffef-
fron of another Perfon, who lives out of the Territories of the Judge, and
B not fubject to his Jurifdiction ; and therefore the Lords of the United-.
Provinces, at the Information and Requeft of the Amfierdam Merchant,.
obtained that thofe Effects fhould be reftored them. 1'
The Punifhment of Confifcation is inflicted upon all who are convict
of Herefy, or confefs, whether they repent, or perfift in their Herefy ; .
becaufe they are declared to incur the Punifhment,, ipfo jure, as foon as
they fall into Herefy.
r- But if any return of their own Accord to the Church, before they are
accufed, or denounced, or immediately after their being feized, give a.
foil and genuine Confeffion of the'mfelveSj and of all others, whom they
know to be Hereticks, and: who return with a pure Heart, before the
Depofitions pf the Witneffe§ are, made publick, as they may be gracioufly
faved-from Imprifonment, fo, for the fame ReafoUi it Seems equitable,,
not to confifcate their Goods,. ; "In -Italy, 'tis rather owing, to Cuftom, othaii
to any Right given by the Popes, not to confifcate the Eftates of penitent:
c-fi , ' Heretickst.

uxo The Hiftory- of the I N QUI S'l T EQ-Nl
Hereticks. But in £/<«» this Confifcation of the Effefts of Hereticks
takes place, even though they are penitent, by the Papal Authority,' and
the Laws of their own Kings ; for there they believe that the Inquifition
ought not to reftore the forfeited Goods, even of Penitents, to - the
Damage of the Treafury, when once it hath a Right to confifeafe
them. But if any return to the Church within the Time fixed by the Inquifi
tors, the Catholick Kings have ordained, that they may recover and dil-
pofe of their own Effects, as though they had never fallen into Herefy,
except they attempt to alienate their immoveable Effects ; for' this they
are prohibited to do, without a Decree of the Prince, left they fhould
difpofe of all their Effects, and fly over to the Enemies of the Catholick
Religion. But whereas the Children of the condemned Perfons are, by this Pu
nifhment, reduced to the extreameft Want, being thus ftripped of every
Thing that belonged to their Fathers, to make it appear that they don't
wholly abandon the Care of them, 'tis order'd, that the Inquifitors, out
of the Dictates of Mercy, may make fome Provifion for the poor Children
of condemned Hereticks, according to their refpective Sexes and Ages.
Lufty Boys they order out to fome meehanick Trade. The Girls they put to
Service to fome honeft Matrons ofthe City, that they maybe inftructedifi
the Faith. As for thofe who can't work, either through their Age, ot
bad Health, their Pity reaches no farther than to give them a mere Sufte-
nance out of their Fathers Effects, fometimes intreating the Ecclefiaftical
and Secular Princes to exercife a little Liberality towards them ; which
they efpecially ought to do, who receive thefe forfeited Effects. In rela
tion to which, 'tis thus provided in the Seville InftruB. Cap. 22. Anno
1484. In like manner they have decreed, that if there be any unmarried
Sons or Daughters of Perfons delivered over to the Secular Court, or
condemned to perpetual Imprifonment for their Crimes, the Inquifitors Jhall
provide and order, that the aforefaid Orphans pall be recommended to fome
honeft Perfons, and Catholick Chrifiians, to be bred up, and diet with them,
and to be inftruBed in the Catholick Faith ; and let them draw up an hum
ble Petition for the aforefaid Orphans, in reference to their Condition, what
they want, and whether they are good Chrifiians, efpecially for the poor Girls,
that they may either marry, orprofefs. In our own Time they leave nothing
for the Children of Hereticks, though they prove Catholicks, no not fo
much as feemsdue to them by the Law of Nature. The

The Hiftoiy bf the 1 N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 1 1 1
iThe next Punifhment that follows this Confifcation of Goods, is the
difinheriting the Children, infomuch that though they are Catholicks,
they can never inherit the Eftates of their Fathers who died in Herefy.
Zanchinus adds, that the Children of Hereticks are incapable of fucceed-
ing to any of their Kin, or to other Perfons, whether they die with a Wjl/t
©r inteftdte. John Royas adds, that the Children of Hereticks, though
born before the Commiffion of the Crime, are comprehended under the
canonical Penalties and Prohibitions, and fays this is the common Opi
nion of the Doctors. The Reafon is, becaufe Herefy is a fpiritual Crime,
and doth not derive its Original from the Flefh ; and. therefore it fignifies
nothing whether the Children be of the infected Root or not. But if a
Son accufes his heretical Father, as his Reward, he is freed from the Pe
nalties ordained againft the Children of Hereticks; according to the Law
of the Emperor Frederick. We don't exclude from the Bounds of our Mercy
Jiich who, far from following the Herefy of their Fathers, pall difcover
their Wickednefs ; fo that to whatever' Punipment the Fathers Guilt isfub-'
jeB, let their innocent Children be freed from it.
The third Punifhment is, their being render'd infamous. Cap. Excom-
municamus, §. i. Credentes. de hsret. There, amongft other Things,
'tis faid, Let him be ipfo jure infamous ; let him not be admitted to any
publick Offices, or Counfels, nor to chufe any into them, or to bear Witnefs ;
let him alfo be int eft able, Jb that he can have no Power to make a Will, or
to inherit by Virtue of one. Farthermore, let no one be forced to anfwer him
upon any Affair, but let him be forced to anfwer others. If he fliould happen
to be a Judge, let his Sentence be void, and no Caufe be referred to his
Hearing. If he be an Advocate, let him not be admitted to plead. If a
Notary, let, no Infiruments drawn by him be valid, but condemned with
their condemned Author.. And in all like Cafes we command the fame to
be obferved. ...ii> .'¦
The fourth Punifhment is, that they are deprived of all Dominion
natural, civil, and that which is introduced by the Law of Nations.
Firft, they. are deprived of that natural Power they have over their Cffil-
dren. Being thus deprived of the natural Power of Parents, they lofe all
Authority over their Children, who, becoming as it were Strangers and
Foreigners fromtheir Fathers Family, are- under no Obligation to obey
them as before. This Crime of Herefy in the Father, even before tis de
clared by the Church, frees the Son from his Father's Power.
-r Farther, they are deprived of that civil Power which they have over
-their. Servants,, and of that political Power which they have over any
¦ N0i'5* R others

im. The Hiftoty of the INQVl S I T ID N:
others fubject to them : So that Slaves, Freed-men, and Servants, are
ipfofaBoireed from Servitude, and every Inftance of Duty, the Mofnent
their Mafter falls into Herefy. Jn Spain, if the Slaves are Believers,- or
profefs the Chriftian Religion, when their, Matter falls into Herefy, they
recover their Freedom, according to the Seville InfiruBion, Anno 1484;
cap. 24. Our Eords the King and Qyeen, lout of their Goodnefs anfClemem
cy, will and ordain, that the Servants of all Hereticks pall be made freei
provided that if whilft they lived with , them they were Chriftians. But if
they had; not profeffed the Chriftian Religion, they are forfeited with the
other Effects. And though; fuch Slaves fhould have been' made free by
their Mafters, yet if it Was after their becoming Hereticks^-: 'tis for. that
Reafon null and void. - :;.i '..:
Subjects, when the Prince or Magiftrate is an Heretick, .'are freed from
their Obedience. Thus it hath often happened, that Kings pronounced
Hereticks by the Pope,, have, with alt their; Pofterity, been deprived of
all their Dignities, Jurifciictions, and Rights;- their Subjects abfolved from
their Oaths of Allegiance and Fidelity, and their Dominions given al a
Prey to others. . : "
And finally, they are deprived of that Power, which is introduced' by
the Law pf Nations, whereby they lofe all Property in .every Thirig they
have. Thefe Things- are thus inferred : " Firft, if an Heretick de'pofites
" any of his Effects with any Perfon, Such Perfon is riot obliged to re-
" ftore them to the Heretick, after his Herefy is manifeft, but to the
" Treafury. Farther, a Catholick Wife is not obliged to any Duty to her
" heretical Hufband, becaufe, by the Hufband's Herefy, fhe is freed
" from her Duty. In like manner a Catholick Hufband is freed from
" all Duty to his Wife, if fhe be an Heretick; ; Neverthelefs, - they can't
" marry with others, becaufe. the Band'.of Matrimony, is not diffolved.
" An Hufband can't be forced to cohabit with his Wife if fhe is Men into
" Herefy, even though fhe is reconciled- nor is he bound to maintain
" her, becaufe her Dowry is confifcated by Herefy ; arid as fhe is ftripped
"Mother Dowry by her own Fault, the Hufband is not obliged tb piain-
" tan an unindowed Wife. Zanchinus Ugolinus explains this Mattermore
" la?gely- The very Children, Brothers, and Sifters of Hereticks, ought
1 to forfake them ; yea, the very Band of Matrimony with fech is diflbl-
" ved. For if any one departs from the Orthodox Faith, and falls into
" Herefy, his Wife is not obliged to cohabit with him, but.may feek-to
• befeparated from him.by the Judgment of the Church; .fuch, Separa-
« ticn of the Bed being as reafonable upon; acoounfcof i&iritttal Forriicsu. '' tion,

The Hiftory d/ the I'N QU I S I T lO N. 1 13
" tion, as. for carnal. "And if any Heretick fhall; after his Fall, return
" to the Uqity of" the Churcli; the other triatried Perfon fhall be obliged
xc to return to him, if they were not before parted by the Sentence of the
<l Church. But if they were parted by Sentence, it fhall be at the Op-
"** tion ofthe other Party who continued' In the Faith, whether tb return,
" or betoyne Religious; becarife fuph Party catl't remain in the World,
<{ and take another, during; the Life ofthe Party converted, becaufe made
" whole by Penance.
*' Moreover, the Governors' of, Forts and Cafiles, of Pepple or Cities,
" are not obliged to reftore them tb1 their heretical Lord, nor to keep
«' them in his Name.. Finally, all Vaffals whatfoever are ipfo jure freed
" from every Obligation to. their Lords, though fuch Obligations fhall
" have been confirmed, by an Oath."
Hence proceeds the Maxim, that Faith is not to be kept with Here
ticks; which" fome are not afraid openly to. teach;, although thofe who are
more wife, in Germany, France, and the Low Countries, endeavoiir to
wipe off this Spot "from their Church. But the Spaniards,, though they
Can't be daily charged with this Perfidioufnefs, becaufe they have none
whom they call Hereticks living amongft them, yet affert it in plain and
open -Words, without diffembling, ?nd are not afhariied to defend and
confirm it by the' Practice of the Council of Conftance. See, amongft
others, Simancas Cathol. Infiit. Tit. 46. §.52,- £3, '54-
This then is oneJ Part of the Punifhment of Hereticks, and what tends
to render them more odious, that Faith is not to be kept with them. For
if it is not to be kept with Tyrants, Pirates, and other publick. Robbers,
becaufe they kill the Body, much lefs is it to be kept with obftmate Here
ticks, who deftroy the Soul. And therefore certain Hereticks were moft
juftly burnt by the grave Decree ofthe Council of Conftance, though they
had the Promife of Security. St. Thomas alfo is of Opinion, that an in-,
tradable Heretfek is to be betray'd to his Judges, notwithftanding a Ca
tholick may have given his Faith, and bound himfelf by an Oath to the
contrary. Add to this, that the Catholicks Ought to have no Commerce,.
nor enter into Peace with Hereticks ; and therefore notwithftanding the.
Faitli given to them, and confirriied by an Oath, it is not to be kept,
becaufe againft the publick Good, the Salvation of Souls/arid contrary to
the Laws of God and Man- - But if Faith be given to Hereticks by a
Prince, or any publick Power, 'tis to be exactly preferved, excepting on
ly in thofe Things which the infpired or natural Law forbids the Perfor-
R 2 To

1 14 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 10 N.
To the fame Purpofe fpeaks Brunus, although many now endeavour
to difguife thisViHany. No Peace can, at this Day, be confirmed with
Hereticks, who fpread their impious Doctrine amongft the Chriftian Peor
pie by their wicked Preaching, if made on this Condition, that they muft
not be offended. Yea, fo mucb the more to be abhorred and abpm-inar
fed Is Peace made with J^ereticks and Schifmaticks upon this Condition,
that fuch as offend them fhall be condemned for Breach of the Peace.
For how can Peace be broken by offending them, with whom no Chri
ftian Man ought to have Communipn, and whom they ought not to bid
God fpeed? Such mayfafely be offended, who, by the Civil Laws, are
put under the Imperial Bann, who -are permitted fo„ have no Liberty pf
meeting or abiding on the Roman Ground, or- indeed in any Place,
wherein they may injure the very Elements themfelves ; and' finally,, whp
by all Laws, human and divine, defefve to be extinguished.
The Papifts teach,, that no Covenants, Conventions, fpr. Laws,, are
firrri, that permit Hereticks to have or reform Churches, or to poifefs or
adminifter their Revenues ; or by which the ProCeffes of Churches againft
Hereticks or Schifmaticks," that "are or- may be moved in Judgment,- are
wholly put off. or fufpended for a Time, or for ever; or finally,; by
which Hereticks and Schifmaticks are permitted fo exercife any Jurif
diction or Administration, either by themfelves or .with Catholicks, .or to
enjoy any publick Offices. . .. >• . "''.''
Moreover, all Places of -Refuge, which are open -to Malefactors and
the worft of Villains, are denied to Hereticks, as though they were the
Very Off-fco'uring of the Earth, and had put off the very human Nature at
the fabie Time they did the Romip Religion.
Finally, they teach, , that heretical Kings are' to be deprived of thek
Kingdoms for Herefy. Thus Simancas: '" 'Tis' enquired whether., the
u- Kingdoms of an heretical King, who hath no Superior, caii be'rcpii^
ft fifeated ? The Reafon ofthe Doubt arifes from this, becaufe the Goods
" of Hereticks are fprfeited to the Superior Lord. And therefore Alphon-
" Jits Caftrenfis is of Opinion, That fuch Kingdom belongs to the Catho-
"' lick Son of^an heretical King,, in the fame Mariner.as.it would if the
"Heretick were dead. But if the Son and next of Kin be alfo' Hereticks,
" a Catholick Kingdortj may chufe'themfelves'an -Orthodox king." "But
"if the Kingdom/be' heretical, the Election of a Catholick King belongs
"to the chief Pontiff.", _ This Opinion is. not "di'fplea'fing to Simancas,
though he adds, that it miy juftly be feized "on by the Ca tjloljcks.1 ' f
-"--'- -¦< -l * "»''•- - . '- - - ¦' '-.-*¦ --•¦*'•¦ ¦• y'.-i. :. icrlj ill -i •
•"i> A.^,r;
oT r ii The

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. ii*
: The fifth Punifhment is Imprifonment. For altho' by the Civil Law
the Prifon is only to detain Men, yet by the Canon Law it may be ufed
as a Punifhment. So that an Heretick either confeffed or convict, may
either be delivered to the fecular Court, or condemned to perpetual Impri
fonment. In which Cafe the condemned Perfon fhall be punifhed at the
Option; of the Judge.
The fixth Punifhment is the Bann and Diffidation *. The Bann is
that Sentence, by which any Perfon is caft out of the Commonwealth,
fo that he can't enjoy the publick Protection, or difcharge any publick
Offices, or receive any Benefit of Law, and hath fome Likenefs with
Excommunication. For as by Excommunication a Perfon is caft out
from the Converfe of the Faithful, fo by the Bann he is excluded from
the common Good. Diffidation declares Hereticks to be Enemies of their
Country and; the Empire. Its Effect is this:. When any one is declared
an' Heretick. by the Sentence of the Judge, any Man, by his own private
Authority, may feize; plunder, and kill him, as an Enemy or Robber, ,
even .tho' he be a Clergyman. He may Ue capitally punifh'd as a Deferter^
and attacked with Impunity wherever he is found. That Hereticks may
be thus feized on, and plundered, by the private Authority- .of any Man,
Innocent IV. openly determines by a Refcript.
But if an whole City or Community favours and defends Herefies, dr
nourishes Schifm againft the Catholick Church, let it be outlawed, and.
put under the Imperial Bann. The Confequence of this will be, that a
City thus banned and- outlawed will become an Enemy of the Empire,
and all its. Citizens, as Enemies, may be with Impunity hurt in their Per-r
fons and Goods, and be all .of them expelled, by the Prince, from fuch
Cities where, they dwell. Such a City may be alfo fubject to fuch a Pu^
nifhmeut as is proportionable to Death itfelf; /. e. by the Civil Law it
may bcerafed from its very Foundations, and by the Canon Law burnt
toAfhes. This Punifhment the Canonifts derive from Deut. xiii. where
the. Ijraelites are commanded to burn thatGity which fhould ferve other
Gods, arid deftroy it utterly,, and all that is therein, and the Cattle there
of, with/the Edge of the Sword. And there are fome who think this is
allowed to eyery oneV.and that the Church hath granted Authority to all
to exterminate Hereticks; tho' others are of Opinion this can't be done
but by the Authority and Command of their Superiors ; which Opinion,'
according to Bmnus, , is the fafeft, if not more agreeable to Law, as Do-
*' fl'ffittere is .properly to withdraw by Letters or Writing that.Prote&ion, .which one owes
td&$oiher, ;-of harh'pFomifedbiin, - < ." ' '•
" - »*w<; mi nick

n6 The Hiftory bf the IRQUI S I T IO N.
minick apprehended It was. But the moft neceffary thing of all is, that
no Injury be done to heretical Univerfities or Communities, before they
are- pronounced guilty of this Crime by ^declaratory Sentence. "
: But if Hereticks ;are apprehended, 'tis not; lawful for any one to un-»
dettake their Defence. .. AH Advocates' or -Notaries, who -give Afliftance
or Favour to Hereticks or their Abettors, or who plead for them when
under Examination, or draw any Infiruments" for them, are pronounced
infamous, and fufpended from their Office.
The laft Punifhment of Hereticks is that of Death, and that not the
common one, but the moft terrible that can be inflicted; viz. to be
burnt alive. This they infer from 2 Kings xxiii. where Ozias command
ed the Bones of the heretical Priefts to be burnt; and from the Words of
our Lord, John xv. 6. If a Man abide not in me, he is caft forth as a
Bra'nch, and is withered, and Men gather them, and caft them into the
Fire, and they are burned. Here Br unus obferves, fome think that this
Punifhment was introduced only by Cuftom, and can be proved by no
other Right, whether divine or*human. This is his Opinion ; For, Say9
he, this Punifhment can't be inferred from that Paffage of the Gofipel, of
throwing the Branch into the Fire. For this fipeaks of the eternal Fire
of Hell, and not of the temporary Punipment of Fire. Nor do the Civil
Laws' prove this Punipment. For tho they fix that Punipment againft
Hereticks, which we call Death, yet they dortt exprejs this kind of Death,
viz. the Punipment of Fire ; which undoubtedly the Lawgivers would
have done, if they had determined to appoint it againft Hereticks ; efpe
cially as the^ Punipment is fo terrible, that they exprefsly mention it, when
.ever they think the Heinoufnefs of the Crime deferves it; 4s may be made
appear from other Conftitutions, where this Punipment is particularly fpe-
dfied. However Ludovicus m. Paramo finds out this Punifhment of Fire
in many Places ofthe New Teftament. " James and John thought
u that the Samaritans, who would not receive our Lord, fhould be de-
" ftroyed with Fire from Heaven, according to St. Luke chap.ix. See
¦" here now the Punifhment of Hereticks, -viz. Fire. For the Samari-
c tans were the Hereticks of thofe Times, Mat. xxi. and xxii. Mark ink
*' and Luke xx. Chrift adds three Parables. One of the two Sons : A-
" nother of the Vineyard let out -to Husbandmen : The third of the
" Nuptial Feaft prepared for thofe who were invited. By thefe he
" plainly fhews, that the- Kingdom was to be taken away from the here-
" tical Jews, and their .City to be burnt with Fire. See here now the
" very Confifcation of Effects, and Fire, with which Hereticks are pu*
" nifhed."

The m^oxy. of the INQUISITION. 117
". nifhed." Nor is this Reafoning to be wondered at in a Man, who
every where in the Old and New Teftament, and even in Paradife itfelf,
finds out an Inquifition againft Hereticks, and endeavours to prove by
many Arguments, that God himfelf exercifed the Office of Inquifitor of
heretical Pravity againft Adam in Paradife. The firft who ordained this
Punishment. of burning Hereticks, ' after it had been fome time in ufe in
the Church of Rome, was Frederick II. by a Law which begins, Inconfu~>
tilenu §. 4. which fays : By the Tenor of this prefent Law, we decree, that
the Patarenes, and all other Hereticks whatfoever, being condemned, pall
fuffer that D~eatk which they affeB, and that being committed to. the Flames,
they fiall be burnt' alive in the View of all Men.
So that Hereticks muft be punifhed with Fire, and if that can't be
done, they muft at leaft be banifhed and expelled, and their Effects for
feited ; agreeable to the Laws of the old Gothick Kings in Spain, by which
the Goods of Hereticks were confi&ated, and they themfelves deprived of
Honour and Dignities, and banifhed forever. -,<¦
With this Punifhment of Fire only Hereticks relapfed, obftinate, and
impenitent are punifhed^ who, after Sentence, are delivered over to the
fecular Judge, who was bound immediately to condemn them, and fend,
them to.the Fire. The Obftinate were to be burnt alive; others to be
firft ftrangled, and then burnt.
Sometimes this .Punifhment of Burning is heightned by another kind
of: Cruelty. In Spain. and the Netherlands, left they fhould fpeak to the
Spectators when brought to the Stake, and pioufly teftify their Conftancy^
they were gagged with an Iron Inftrument, fo that in the Midft of their
Torments they could utter only an inarticulate Sound. Thus alfo Si
mancas pronounces, Thai obfiinate Hereticks pould be burnt alive, and
fye brought to the Stake gagged, that they mayn't offend the Utile, ones. This
Muzzle or Gagg the Spaniards in their Language call Mor daza. And
if they could invent any thing more terrible, they would not fail to ufe.
it againft Hereticks.
Of Open and Secret Hereticks.
Hereticks are divided into feveral Gaffes in the Church of Rome,, and
this is very neceflary for the Inftruction of the Inquifitors, that they may
always certainly know what Sentence to pronounce upon each. How
ever, every thing is not fa fully .determined, but that there yet remain
great Controversies amongft the Doctors and Inquifitors themfelves, fo
tiAt

1 18 The -Hiftory of the TN-dU I S I T 1 0 N.
that one of them often judges more favourably than another; and there
fore 'tis of great Concern by what Inquifitor any Perfon is to be judged;
for he who happens to be condemned as an Heretick by a fevere one, might
have obtained a milder Sentence, had he been tried by a Judge of nipre
favourable Sentiments and Opinions. r J':
Firft of all, Hereticks are divided into Open and Secret. An open*
Heretick is one, who publickly avows fomething contrary to the Catho
lick Faith, or who profeffes an heretical Error contrary to the Faith, or
who defends an Error of his own, or one of other Hereticks, or who is
convicted before the Judges of the Faith of heretical Pravity, or confeffes
it himfelf; or finally who is condemned for it by their Sentence.
A' fecret or concealed Heretick is one who errs in his Mind concerning
the Faith, and pufpofes to be obftinate in his Will, but yet hath notfhewn
it outwardly by Word or Deed. He who is a concealed Heretick in this
Senfe, is generally called an Heretick purely intellectual ; and the com
mon Opinion of the Doctors is, that fiich a one doth not incur the Sen
tence of Excommunication, and is not fubject to the Judgment of the
Church for his Herefy, becaufe the Church hath no Power over purely
internal Acts, and cannot by its Jurifdiction direct, prohibit, or punifh
them ; and becaufe Excommunication doth not belong to the Court of
Confcience, but to that of external Judgment.
Although an Heretick be concealed, yet if he infects or perverts others,
he is immediately to be difcovered to his Judges without ariy preceeding
Admonition. But yet they don't affirm that a concealed Heretick is obli
ged to betray himfelf, when he is afked by the Judge in a general Inquifi
tion, Whether he knows any Heretick. In like manner, when an He
retick purely mentally confeffes his intellectual Herefy in the facred Court
of Penance, he doth not incur Excommunication by this external Act,
becaufe fiich an Action is good and pious, and not liable to human Judg
ment. Hereticks are farther diftinguifhed into Affirmative and Negative.
Affirmative are fuch, who err in their Mind in Matters of Faith, and
who fhew by Word or Deed, that they are thus obftinate in their Will,
and openly confefs it before the Inquifitor. Negative Hereticks are thofe,
iwho, according to the Laws of thelnquifition, are rightly : and juftly
convicted of fome Herefy before a Judge of the Faith, by fome lawful
Witneffes, whom either they cannot or will not refute ; but yet who will
not confefs, conftantly perfifting in the Negative, and that, they profefs
.the Catholick Faith, and deteft heretical Pravity.v They except,- indeed, againft

The Hiftory of the I N'QU I S.I T 10 N. 129
agaiflft Fa&s cSHftmitted many Years before, which are prefumed to be
forgotten. But even this" is not to be prefumed in Facts of Importance
and Weight, according tb the -E^vijk Inftructions, An. 1q.B4.cap. 13.
Such ate", If any hath wilfully prefetched up heretical Propofitions, ot bro
ken thillSriagis of the Saints'. Neither is this to fee underftood of Perfons
of good Memories, hut only of light Fa&s, ?and of : Perfons naturally dull,
and- forgetful.- Who are to be etteemed'fuch^ and what Time is to be
fuppofed fhfficfent to- fuch Forgetfulnefsr is entirely left to the Ecclefi
aftical Judges, after theyhWe weighed the Circumftance of Perfons and
Things. ¦-> '--Ai. . h; ,, , A \\u\-aa-.va
He -alfo is effeemed by "many a negative Heretick, and, as it were, di-
minute, confefled, and obftinate,' who doth not difcover either all the
Herefies of whifeh he is convicted, or the whole Time of his Offence,
or all his Accomplices, if the Things are fo frefh, as that he can't be fop*
pofed to have forgotten them. Amongft thefe fort of -Negatives are alfo
reckoned by fome, fuch who confefs before the Inquifitor heretical Facts
or Words, :;but who deny any Pravity of Intention; altho' others^ as Xve
fliall foon fee, call them Impenitent.
What their Punifhment ought to be, the Doctors differ. Simancas fays,
That he who confeffes heretical Words, but denies the Pravity of Inten
tion', may be condemned as Impenitent, except the Matter be doubtful.
In fuch cafe he ought to be purged, or abjure, becaufe of- his being &£•
pect£d, or put to the Torture, which is generally the Cuftom.
But becaufe this Cafe often happens in Spain, becaufe of their new Con
verts froth the Jews and Moors, John Roy as handles this Matter largely,
of which I fhall here give you the Subftance ; from whence We fhall
know what fort of Chriftians they are, which the Spanifl Kings have
converted ta their Church, by the Fear of Punifhmentj from amongft thfe
Jews and Moors.
v W6 know, by Experience, how many there are who are detained for
heretical Pravity in the Prifons of the Office of the holy Inquifition, who
ingenuoufly confefs heretical Deeds and Words, but who abfolutely deny
all rafh Belief, and Pravity of Intention. Thus a Man may confefs that
he1 hath faid, as often happens Iri examining Caufes of Faith, that every
one may be faved in his own Sect and Opinion, a Jew by the JewipLa\ir,
-a Safiaeen- by the Mahometan; and a Lutheran in the Lutheran Sect. - For
. the guilty Perfon fometime^s confeffes in his Difcourfe, that he pronounced
tthe aforefaid. .Words, inadvertently, \ and thro'1 the' Error of his Tongue.;
and being afked by the Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, Whether he be-
— -'¦ S lieves

1 3 o 77^Hiftory of thel I N'QUI S I T I O N.
lieves fuch Things, he fays be never did, but that he ever held what the
holy Roman Church preaches and teaches. Thus he denies the Inten
tion, and only confeffes the Words, which without .doubt are heretical,
Another Inftance is of one whp confeffes th&the.fajd Simple' Fornication
is not a'mortal Sin, and yet denies all rafh Belief and Errpj of Understand
ing, aflerting that, fpeaking for Wantprinefs fekp,; he; pronounced the
aforefaid Words to fome Wenches, which are in Reality " heretical Words;
An Inftance of an heretical Fact Shall be in him, who being baptized,
is afterwards circumcifed, and obferves the Fa.fr called Ramadan,,, and. the
Paflbver, after the Mahometan Manner, and makes the Zalah, i.e., his
Adoration or Prayer in. his own. Home or in -the Mofques, wafhing firft
his Body, and efpecially his Privities, bending his Knees, bowing down,
and Jifting up his Head ; and. who feeds on Flefh killed from the * Keb-
lah. The new Converts in the Kingdoms of. Valencia, Arragon and
Granada, publickly obferve many other facrijegious and impious Rites.
Another Example is of him, who, ^ efpecially if he be of the Jvwfp
Race, obferves the Sabbath, by refraining from vail 'Labour, and obferves
the other Feftivals of the Jews, and who confeffes fuch Facts and Words>
but affirms that he faid or did them inadvertently and ignorantly, and
that he is ready to fubmit to the Correction of the Church, 'Tis queried,
whether fiich a one is to be accounted an Heretick, even tho' not con*
victed by lawful Witneffes. • : - a
On the negative Side 'tis urged, that Herefy fuppofes an Error in the
Underftanding, and Obftinacy in the Will in adhering to thofe Things
which are contrary to the Determination of the Church. Hence they in
fer that That of Innocent is reafonable, and true, who faid, That if any one
believes what the Church believes, but thro'- the Influence pf natural Aea-
fon falfely fuppofes that the Father is, either greater than the Spji, or be
fore him, .or that the three Perfons are three Things diftinct from each
other, he is not an Heretick,' and doth not offend, beca,ufe he believes
this is the Church's Belief, and fuppofes his own Opinion to be the Faith
of the Church. Therefore he thjnks 'tis but reafonabfe, that in the De-
fericeof the. Criminals, Regard. ought to be ha4 to the^r Simplfeity^and
Imprudence, fo that the jPurtiihment , tfiay be riiitigated, and that the
Judges, efpecially the Inquifitors of, heretical Travity, according /to, their
Office, fhould be very folkitous and diligent in examining and, fearehing
* The Mahometans call that Part of the World, where Mecca is fituated, Jby^he Name of
Kehlak, . to wards which they are obliged to turn themfelvesTv hen 'they fay 'their Prayers. Mttctt
is fituated towards the Soiirh., • • , •'< .'"'•. into

The Hift dry 0/ //;<? I N Q U I S I T 1 0:ft 1 3 t
into their Defence, becaufe of the partial and rhaimed Defence of the
Criminals, tho' the Party doth not feek it, or even refufe it. But he adds,
that 'tis antiently decided by the Rota 875. in C. Accufatusde harefi, in
tit. de haret. that if any one be accufed of Herefy, and legally convicted
by Witneffes or otherwife, arid yet denies that he faid or believed fuch he
retical Things, yet that he ought neverthelefs to be condemned as a nega
tive and iriipenitent Heretick, arid delivered over to the Secular Arm,
altho' he afferts that he believes, and hath believed as the Church be
lieves. From this long Account, of which this is only. the Summary, one may,
infer, that tis the common Opinion of the Spanip Doctors, that fuch
who confefs art heretical Word or Action, but deny the Intention, are
fo be put to the Torture to make them confefs fuch Intention; but that,
fuch who confefs an heretical Deed, and deny the Intention, are to be
fent back as negative Hereticks, and delivered over to the Secular Court
Yea, as to doubtful Words, it is prefumed there is Herefy; not fo in
deed as to be full Proof, but' fo far as to be a juft Reafon for'the Tor
ture. Royas affirms the fame" of fiich who retract the Confeffion they have
made* when under Examination. tc He who confeffes his heretical Er-
" rors when under PeffeCution, and afterwards retracts his Confeffion, Is'
" to be delivered over as. a Negative, unlefs the Miftake plainly appears.
" For by Confeffion' the Offence is fully proved, and by retracting it
" the guilty* Perfon becomes obftinate, impenitent, and negative. And
" therefore unlefs the Miftake appears, he is to be delivered over, even
if tho' there be no other Proof of the Crime, and altho' his Confeffion
"was made and confirmed under Torture. For this is the . fame thing
". as a free and fpontaneous Confeffion, altho' afterwards revoked, Jif the
" Miftake doth not plainly appear.
Other Hereticks are called Obftinate or Impenitent, others Penitent.
An impenitent one is he, who being legally convict of Herefy before a
Judge of the Faith," or having cbnfeffed it, will not obey his Judge, when
he commands him to' forfake his Error and abjure if, and give compe
tent Satisfaction,; but objtiriateby perfevetesin fuch Error.
Simancas diftinguifhes between an obftinate Heretick and an impenitent
one. " Whofoever believes any Propofition to be true, and knows the con-
" trary Opinion to be the Catholick one, is'for/ this Reafon ,Pnly a con-
:' fummate' obftinate Heretick. * "' <¦' -: '" l
S 2 " There

i^% The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION:
. " There-are others, whofe Obftinacy is not fully manifeft, but who are
*' accounted as confummatel'y. obftinate by the Preemption of the Law.
" Every one for Inftance, who beingcapable of Reafon, denies any Pro-
" pofition of the Catholick Faith, publickly known- amongft all the
*c Faithful ; efpecially if he appears to. be a skilful and wife Perfon;;
"becaufe he is prefumed fo know, what all kjipw^and what all Chrifti-
n ans are bound explicitely to know. 2. He who after ts any Herefy,
" having before taught the contrary Catholick Truth, even tho' he errs
" in fuch "Propofitions, which "he" was' not bound explicitely to know.
"But however, this deth -not -hold, when 'tis pr.pb.abfe., there may have
". be^en Forgetfulnefs, either through Length of Time, Decay p*f Me-
" rripry, or Foolifhnefs. 3. He who for a long while perfifts in an', Err
" for, the contrary Catholick Truth of which he was not bound expli-
" citely to lcnpw; becaufe his perfifting iii Error is his own Fault, which
" he. is bound to forfake^ujider INJecsflity of Salvation, and becaufe he Jb
" negligent in his Search after- Truth, in which the Chriftjan ..Salvation
" confifts. 4: He who hinders the Preaching, -, Defence, and^ Doctrine.
"of the Catholick Faith, and J cbriferiins "the Cenfures" of the Church j
" and alfo he who fwears he will never depart from his-Erxpr.^, .-,..,
Obftinate LTereticks, according ta Simancas, are to be burnt alive, and
delivered over to the Fire with their Mouth's gagged^ and.th'ejr, Tongues tied,
that they mayffqf offend the little onesf 'Fdf in, this., fays Careyia, 'tis the-
only kind, of Piety tofe cruel, whilft be'is : Impenitent, i,,, .-' ¦-.'.,. ..,;.:
V An impenitent' Heretick is one, who will not repent of his : Error, as
to. which every impenitent Perfon is alfo obftinate, So that if his Herefjr
be plainly proved, and he. will not confefs- his -Error with a pure Heart,.
nor readily abjure his Hej^fy, and fubmit to the. Perianee enjpin'd him,
he'istb be left to the fecular Judge as obftiriate and impenitenty altho'
lie protefts a thoufand'tiriies over .that he^vvas .$$#¦ is a Catholick^ and is:
rejblyed to liye-and die -in the Chriftian' Faith* So that the Impenitent is
the fame that others callNegative ; and if fiich a one be convicted to have
faid-or written any Herefy, it fignifies nPthing, tho' it he proved, that he
was a Cathplick, before, or aft'erj' and! every time effe, unlefs, he will re
turn to the Church, ^ndfubpitto hispenance. . r . ,,.., . •..-
If it fhould. happen "that^ajiy one fhould confefs thro Fear, of Punifli-
ment, yet he muft not aflerf his Innocence, upon Pain of being again
deliver'd to the Inquifitipn,, and punifhed _asTmpenitent. So that 'tis not
lawful fo much as to blotter any Thing againft- the Judgments of thisHoly
Tribunal, though they are urijuft. This? Simancas plainly teaches. "He

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. i33
" He who is reconciled to the Church, and fays he never was an Here-
" tick, but that he confefled Things he never committed, through Fear
" of falfe Witneffes, is to be punifhed as an Impenitent, unlefs he repent.
" This is upon Suppofkion that he hath not fatisfied the Penance enjoined
" him ; for if he hath performed it, he is rather rafh than impenitent.
" Now rafh Perfons are to be punifhed according to the Pleafure ofthe
" Judges, and fometimes to be fcourged and threaten'd with more grie-
" vous Punifhments, if they afterwards fall into the fame Rafhnefs."
Zanchinus treats more diftinctly of fiich Perfons. " If any one, after ha-
" ving confefled his Error, and received Sentence of Penance, retracts his
Cf Confeflion, and fays that he confeffed through Fear of Charges; or
<? fome greater Punifhment, he appears, by this his Retraction, not
*? to have been really but feigned ly converted, and is therefore to be pu-
" nifhed as an Heretick ; and if he hath abjured in his firft Confeffion,
" he may be look'd on only as afeigned Relapfe ; but if he perfift in his
"f Denial, he may -be condemed as an obftinate Heretick."
In die mean while,, that they may not appear to be the Defenders of
any unjuft- Sentence, they allow innocent Perfons, who, wearied with
Imprifonment, andthrough Fear of Death, have confefled Crimes they
never committed, to have their Caufe reheard before the Inquifitors, but
with fuch aLimieation, as is enough to deter the moft innocent Perfon
in the World ; which Simancas thus defcribes to us : " An innocent Per-
" fonr who, through Fear of Witneffes, and wearied out with Impri-
" fonment, confeffes he hath been an Heretick, if he can prove his In-
" nocence, ought not to neglect his Reputation, but to have the Caufe
" heard over again by the Inquifitors. But if he can't refute the Wit-
" neffes, nor juftly retract his Confeffion, he ought to confefs- that Sin
** to his Parifh Prieft, and do nothing more, left fomething worfe fhould
" happen) to him ; " i.e. left he fhould be difmiffed as an Impenitent,
and. delivered over to the Secular Court.
Betides thefe, there is another Kind of Impenitents, viz. fuch who have
profeffed their Herefy, but don't obferve the Penance enjoin'd by the Inqui
fitor. Such are thought to be but feign'd Converts, and therefore Impeni
tent- . Thus Simancas. *c Thofe who don't fatisfy the Penance enjoined
" them,, ought to be punifhed as impenitent, perjured, and feigned Con-
" verts. They are impenitent, becaufe they don't perform Penance j
" perjured, becaufe they violate the Oath, by which they promifed they
1'' would obey the Commands of the Church; feigned Converts, becaufe
" they neither perform true Penance, nor remain in due Obedience to the
" Church."

t24 The Hiftory of^theiW QUI S I TION.
'{ Church." Friar Bermrd'Cbmenfis, in his Light of the Inquifition,' calls
thefe Impenitent. But Pegna fays, there is Need of mature Deliberation,
and manifold Diftinctions in this Matter.
However, Simancas doth not rank them with other Impenitents, be
caufe he adds, " That fuch Impenitents are not immediately to ;be left
" to the Secular Court, but they muft be dealt1 with by Law till the pro-1
" nouncing the definitive Sentence. Neither are they to be rooted up out
" of the Catholick Church, till they have been once and again, and feve-'
" ral times, admonifhed about the Salvation of their Souls, by learned,-
" pious, and religious Men."
Penitents are thofe, who, admonifhed by the Ecclefiaftical Judge, abjure' ,
their Error, and give fuitable Satisfaction at the Pleafure of the Bifhop and1
Inquifitor. Of thefe there are two Sorts : Some come of their own accord,
or within the Time of Grace, without being cited, or called by. Name,
or having any particular Inquifition made after them ; whereas others, re
turn after being apprehended, cited, and inquifited, and oftentimes after
many Admonitions. The firft are treated with greater Mildnels, and are
fometimes enjoind a fecret Penance ; but muft however abjure their Er-'
rors, and be bound under the Forfeiture of all their Effects to die Inquifi
tion, to accomplifh the Penance enjoined them.
As to thofe who do not voluntarily return, the Penance enjoin'd them is
more fevere, for they are accounted convict, and in fome Meafure forced.
There is no particular Account to be given of their Penances, which- are left'
to the Pleafure of the Inquifitors.
But if there be a great Number of Penitents, the Council of Tarracon
hath decreed, that a prudent Judge may ufe fomewhat of Moderation.
Finally, alfo the Council of Narbonne hath provided, cap. 18/ that
none recovered from Herefy, if they had been greatly culpable, . fhould bC
admitted to any Religion. Laftly, 'tis required that fuch as are reconciled,
.fhall confefs the fame Crimes to tlieir own Parifh Prieft, after they have.
been judicially abfolved by the Inquifitors ; which is alfo provided by the
Madrid Inftruction : After the Penitent pall have been judicially dbfblved,-
let the Prieft Jdcrament ally abfolve him.
But they will by no means allow fuch to be received, who, after^a
long time, and frequent Admonitions and Exhortations, fcarce feem ca
pable of Converfion, and efpecially if they appear fo at that Inftant of
time, when they are to be delivered over to the fecular Court ; becaufe
the Fear of Death feems rather to induce them to feek Mercy, than the
Love of Truth. Nor fuch, who by Commands, Threatnings, Punifh ments

The Hiftory of the I N Q UIS IT I O N, 1 3 f
ments, Rewards, fworn Promifes, or any other the like ways, endeavour
to perfuade any to Herefy, or obftinately to defend any Herefy they may have
embraced. Nor finally fuch, who have perfuaded, or endeavoured to per
fuade, . Kings, Princes, the Queen, or the Sons and Daughter? of Kings,
to embrace Herefy. Simancas gives the Reafon : " Becaufe fuch a one is
" to be left to. the Secular Judge without Mercy, as having added high
" Treafpn to Herefy, by endeavouring to deftroy, with the moft aggra-
" vated Crime, the Soul of the Prince, and thereby, in confequence, of
"the whole Commonwealth., Kings alfo themfelves may eafily be per-
" verted by Means of fuch Women ; and if fuch -are guilty of High
" Treafon, who vfofare their Chaftity, much more thofe who caufe their
" Souls to commit Adultery.
A threefold Punifhment defcendsto the Children of a Perfon condemn^
ned as an Heretick. The firft is the Forfeiture of Effects, becaufe they
are abfblutely deprived of paternal Succeffion. The fecond is^ their Inca
pacity to fucceed any of their Relations, or other Perfons whatfoever,
either by Will, or without one. The third, their Inability to enjoy any
Ecclefiaftical Benefice, or even publick Office. As to other Punifhments
inflicted on Hereticks, their Children are exempted from them. As to
the Children of fuch who return, and are received to Mercy, tho' once
Hereticks, and theirs who have been fufpected, but died with Purgation
enjoined them, or not, thefe Punifhments are not to.be inflicted on them.
The third Punifhment only is to be laid on the Children of Perfons fuf
pected of Herefy, becaufe of their favouring, defending, and receiving it,
if their Parents die fiich. But if they die after being received to Mer
cy, and. Penance enjoin'd them, even this Punifhment doth not pafs
to their , Children, whether they have accomplifhed their Penance or
not.' As to the penitential ' Punifhments, fome are of fuch a Nature as that
they may be fulfilled by others ; particularly pecuniary ones ; fuch as the
building a Church or Hofpital, the giving Portions to poor Girls, the pay
ing a- Fihe?- the returning of Ufury. If any one dies before the Accomr
pliinmerit. of , fuch Penance, his Children and Heirs are obliged to ful
fil it. Others are perfonal'; fuch as to pray, faft, hear Divinity, to
hear 'Mafs every Day, to abjure their Error, and be confeffed every
Week. Thefe cannot pafs to the Children or Heirs, but are referved
for Purgatory.

Of

1 16 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
O/Ahch-Hereticks.
Amongft Hereticks there are fome Arch-Hereticks'; fuch who have in
vented and broached Herefies, or taught them to others when invented1;;
and fo becoriie themfelves the Mafters of Error. Thefe are ufually called
Dogmatifts or Dogmatifers, and antiently perfect Hereticks. If fuch a$
thefe will be converted, the Council of Biterre hath thus determined
concerning them. Chap. 16. Let perfeB Hereticks, or conviBed' ones, be
fecretly examined before certain difcreet and faithful Men,. perjuading
them, according to their Duty, to Cchverfion; and to fuch as are willing
to turn, approving themfelves favourable and kind, becaufe by Juch much
Light will be Jpread, and great Advantage will accrue; and mitigate their
Penances according to the Nature of their Converfion and Merit, or Jhep
them Regard, as you pall think proper and convenient.' Thus alfo the
Council of Tarracon ; But let perfeB Hereticks, and Dogmatifers, if they
will be converted; after Abjolution and Abjuration, bejhut up in perpetual
Imprifonment. Hence in the Sentence of Peter Auterius, a Doctor of the
Albigenfes, we read: Saving however, and retaining, that if thou wilt
turn from this SeB and Herefy, and be' converted, and return to the Ec-
¦clefiafiical Unity v thy Life pall be faved: Referving however to our fehes
full and free Power of enjoining "thee a Punipment and wholejome Pe
nance, for the Things thou hafi done in thy former SeB and Herefy.
The Reafons they affign, why they receive to Penance penitent Arch-
Hereticks, or Dogmatifts, are thefe. Becaufe, if they are converted,
and preach to thofe they have deceived, they may eafily convert many of
them. Add to this, that as they beft under ftand the Errors and Deceits
of Deceivers, which they themfelves have taught, . they can more eafily
refute tliem by writing or talking. And finally, becaufe Dogmatifts,
truly converted, and openly penitent, are, as it were, a clear Mirror of
Repentance and Humility, into which Sinners may look and be convert
ed, andbepreferved iri their Duty. This is efpecially to be obferved,
when an Arch-Heretick is of great Authority, for his Doctrine and Dig
nity, and who therefore, it maybe hoped, will convert many by his Au
thority. And thus Berengarius, was heretofore received. However the
-Dolors now think, that confidering the m'ofb miferable Condition of
thefe Times, m which Hereticks dare every Thing that Is impious, all
Arch-Hereticks are to be delivered over, without Mercy, to the Secular
Court; becaufe, as Simancas fays, They deferve to die not one Death only, but

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 137
but many ; and therefore he is for punifliing them not as other Hereticks,
but with feverer Punijh ments, without any Compaffion. He farther fays,
That the Maflers of the Lutheran Herefy are by no Means to befpared; as
being tainted with many Vices and Crimes, viz. Enemies to the Church,
Haters of. the Saints, Violators of the divine Law, facrilegious Perfons,
Corrupters of good Works, and therefore of all good Manners, and Subver-
ters of Nations. And therefore, he adds, they muff not be forgiven, who
commit fuch wicked, abominable, and heinous Crimes.
The Council of Tarracon hath determined thofe" to be Receivers of He
reticks, who have twice, or more, knowingly received Hereticks in their
Houfe, or any other Place. A Receptacle is an Houfe or Lodging, where
Hereticks have met together twice or more to preach or read, or where
they have frequently lodged. But fuch offend more grievoufly who know
¦ their Errors, and that the Church doth perfecute them, and neverthelefs
receive and conceal them from the Hands of the Church, even though
they have done this but once ; and, by this Reception, they render them
felves fufpected of Herefy, more or lefs, according to the Difference of
Circumftances ; and therefore, as fufpected Perfons, they are obliged to
abjure. Their Punifhment is Excommunication ; and if, after this, they
perfift in their Crime, they are put under the Bann, banifhed for ever,
and fuffer Confifcation of all their Goods. But if any one receives an he-
' retical Relation, his Crime is lefs, and he is more gently punifhed. And
in this they confider the Degrees of Kindred, that fuch who are neareft
akin to the received Heretick, may be more gently dealt with than thofe
who are farther off.
The Defenders of Hereticks, according to the Definition of the Coun
cil of Tarracon, are "fuch who knowingly defend Hereticks by Word or
"Deed, or any Method, in their own Lands, or any where elfe, whereby
the Church is prevented from executing its Office in the Extirpation of
heretical Pravity. Now there are different Ways of defending. An He
retick may be defended with Arms, or without them, or by giving him
Notice for his Efcape. He may alfo be defended when under Trial, or
when he is not. They may alfo be faid to be Defenders of Hereticks by
Confequence, who hinder in any Manner the Office of the Inquifition.
Befides this, there is another Cafe by which a Man may he faid to be a
Defender of Hereticks, when he puts another Perfon or himfelf in the
"Room ofthe Heretick to be apprehended. "
• The Favourers of Hereticks, as the Name fhews, are thofe who fhew
Favour to Hereticks, and are in all Things equal to the Defenders of them.
T They

138 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
They are either Magiftrates or private Perfons; and they may all favour
Hereticks by Omiffion or Negligence, by Deed or Afliftance, and finally,
by Counfel or Words. The Magiftrate's Office is to extirpate Hereticks,
and expel them from his Kingdoms and Dominions, and to give all Coun
fel and Favour to the, Inquifitors of heretical Pravity, for the punifhing and
reftraining of Hereticks, and the Suppreflion of all rifing Herefies ; becaufe
the Inquifitors, without the Magiftrates Help, are weak, and -cannot drive
away Hereticks ; and therefore they milft bend all Endeavours to this,,
that the Wickednefs of Hereticks may not encreafe under their Government,,
and the Security and Religion of the Catholicks be not diminifhed or di
sturbed. The Favourers therefore of -Hereticks are fiich : Firft, who
omit to do thofe Things concerning Hereticks, or Perfons fufpected and
defamed for Herefy, or thofe who. believe, receive, defend, and favour
them", which they are obliged to do by Office, when required to do it
by the Inquifitors or Bifhops, or one of them, viz. if they do not take
them up, keep them in fafe Cuftody, fend them to the appointed Placet
or if they don't readily punifh them, when conderiined and dehvered over
to them ; for they are obliged to all -thefe Things. In like manner, the
Prelates or Inquifitors, who neglect to make fafe Prifons, to fet over them
faithful Keepers, to apprehend, torture, or punifh Hereticks, or to ^ceep
them in fafe Cuftody, in order to favour Hereticks, are judged to be them
felves Favourers of them ; but not if thefe Omiffions proceed from Negli
gence, or. any other Caufe. Secondly, the Magiftrate is a Favourer of
-Hereticks by Commiffion, ' if, when taken, he delivers them from. Pri
fon without the Leave or Command of the Bifhop and Inquifitor, or one
of them; or if he doth directly or indirectly hinder their Procefs, Judg
ment, or Sentence ; or do other Things like them. All thefe are ipjbjure
excommunicated, as Favourers of Hereticks ; and if they obftinately re
main under thisEbtcommunication for the Space of a Year, are to be pu
nifhed as Hereticks.
Private Perfons are faid to be Favourers of Hereticks, when, out of
their own Rafhnefs, they free from Prifon Hereticks, or Perfons appre
hended for Herefy ; or give any Afliftance, Council, or Favour towards
their Deliverance ; or fo accompany them; when freed, as not to feize
them ; or refift thofe who would apprehend them, or prefume directly or
iridirectly to hinder Procefs, Judgment, or Sentence, in a Caufe of Faith;
or give Council, Afliftance, or Favour to fuch Hindrance. Private Per
fons, indeed, are not faid to be Favourers of Hereticks by mere Omiffion,
viz. for not apprehending or not taking them into Cuftody, as not beling

The Hiftory of 'the INQUISITION. 139
ing obliged to it.' Neverthelefs they will be Favourers, if they fhall omit
to difcover and apprehend them, when obliged to it by Office : Such, for
Inftance, are the Crofs-Bearers, who in Spain are called Familiars; or if
when called on by the Magiftrate, to affift in apprehending Hereticks,
they refufe fo do it without Reafon, and when they have nothing to pre
vent them.
Laflly, both Magiftrates and private Perfons may be faid to be Fa
vourers of Hereticks, by omitting to difcover them, becaufe all Per
fons are Obliged, under Pain of Excommunication, to difcover all Here
ticks, even concealed ones, to the Bifhops and Inquifitors, and j if it be
neceffary, to accufe them. So Gregory IX- ordained in one of his Extra-
vagantsagainft the Pater enes, beginning, ExcommunicamuS, inferred amongft
the Apoftolical Letters for the Office of the Inquifition. Likewife if any
Perfon knows any Hereticks, or fuch who hold private Conventicles, or who
differ in their Life and Manners from the C&tverfdtidri of the Faithful,
fet him endeavour to difcover them to his Confeflbr ,- or jbme one elfii, who he
believes may give Notice to the Prelate, otherwife let him be exdommunica-
ted. And this Obligation of informing againft Hereticks is fo ftrict, that
it takes Place, notwithftanding any Oath, Covenant, Pr Promife to the
contrary. But if the Wife only fhould happen to know that her Hufband
eats Flefh on forbidden Days, and knows him to be fo furious, as that
probably he would murther or abufe her, if fhe informed againft him,
fome thirik her Fear may excufe her from the Sufpicion of Herefy. But
we fhall fpeak more fully of the Obligation to inform hereafter.
Laflly, Friar Ivonetus defcribes the Marks and Signs, by which Per
fons may be known to be Favourers of Hereticks. , There is extant a Vo
lume of his, the Fragment of which is in a Parchment Book of the Va
tican : Library, intitled, How the Favourers -of Hereticks may be difcovered.
And he there reckons up five Signs in thefe Words. The Favourers of
Hereticks may eafily be known by thefe five very probable Marks. Firft, Who
ever privately vifit them, whilft in Cufiody, and whijper with them, and
give them ViBuals, are fufpeBed of heing their Dijcvples and Favourers.
Secondly, Whoever greatly lament fhdr Apprehenfion or Death, feem to
have been their fpiritual Friends whilft they -Uved ; for 'tis Jcarce credible
that any Perfon can be a long while intimate with an Heretick, and not know
his Secrets. Thirdly, Such who complain that they are unjuftly condemned,
after they have been openly conviBed, or; have confeffed their Herefy, it ap
pears that^they approve their SeB, and think the Church hath erred in con
demning them. Fourthly, -Such who lodk with- a bitter Countenance upofo
T 2 thofe

140 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
thofe who per fecute Hereticks, or preach vigofoufly againfl Herefy ; for he
who diligently obferves, may fee by their Eyes, and Nofe, and AjpeB, that
they do not look with a favourable Countenance, and are therefore greatly to
be fufpeBed, that they hate thofe againft whom their Heart appears to be fo
litter, as their . Countenance betrays, and love thofe for whofe DefiruBion
they fo much grieve. Fifthly, If any are found to have, by Stealthy ga
thered together in the Night the Bones of Hereticks burnt, , as Reliques, 'tis
not to be doubted but that they reverence them as Saints, whofe Bones they
lay up as a kind of SanBuary, and are therefore , , equally Hereticks with
them; becaufe no one accounts an Heretick for a Saint, but he who believes,
his SeB, to be holy, and is equally an Heretick with him. Thefe Things give
great Prefumption of Herejy againfl him, although it be not fufficient Proof
to condemn him, unlefs there concur other Arguments, by which it manifeflly.
appears they did the aforefaid Things in Favour of Herefy.
\ The Favourers of Herefy are ipjbjure excommunicated. If they are
mere Favourers, but not publickly excommunicated, they don't incur
any other Penalties. But if they are publickly declared excommunicate,
and don't give Satisfaction within a Year, they fuffer other Penalties,
Which are largely defcribed.,
- . ; Of the Hinder ers ofthe. Office of the In qjj i s i t i o n.
. The Hinderers ofthe Office ofthe Inquifition come neareft to the Fa
vourers of Hereticks,. and are ufually reckoned amongft them.
That this Office may be vigoroufly exercifed, and that no Hereticks may
efcape the Rigourof.it, all are ftrictly commanded, . of whatfoever Dig
nity or Condition, efpecially Archbifhops, Bifhops, and other Prelates,
to favour the Bufinefs of the . Inquifition, and yield all Countenance and
Help to the Inquifitors. .,,.'.,, .,
Perfons are faid to hinder the Office ofthe Inquifition, either directly or
indirectly. Directly, fuch vdio deliver from Prifon by their own Rafh,
nefs Perfons taken up for the Crime pf Herefy, or who deftroy the Prp-
ceffes of the Inqu^fitipn, or who wound the Witneffes in a Caufe of
Faith for their Teftimony. Qr if a temporal Lord ordains, that no one
ought to take Cognizance of the Crime of Herefy, but himfelf, and that
no one fhall be accufed, or give Teftimony, but before himfelf As alfo
all. fuch, who ufe, only Threatnings, andv terrifying "Vty'ord.s.j and who, di
rectly hinder ProcefSi Judgment, and .Sentepce, in a -Caufe of Faith,' or
giveCo.unfel, . Help and Favour in doing' thus. 7, -},-.,
r s. They

The jptory of the INQUISITION. 141
They are faid indirectly to.obftrudt, who ufe any Infinuation or other
Means, from whence confequentially any Impediment may arife to the
Office of the Inquifition. Such, for Example, who order that no one
fhall bear Arms, unlets ofthe Houfhold of the Temporal Lord, and that
no one fhall- apprehend, or caufe to be apprehended, any Perfon, but the
Temporal Lord : For from thence it follows, that thofe who belong to
the Inquifitors can't wear Arms, nor take up any Perfon. Thefe are lefs
criminal than the former, but are all excommunicated; and, if they lie
under that : Excommunication.; for a whole Year, they muft, in order to
their Reconciliation, abjure/ fuch, Imppdiment and Favouring, other-.
wife, they are delivered over as, impenitent Hereticks to the Secular
Arm. Nor are there wanting Examples of an Inquifition actually made, not
only againft private Perfons, but alfo againft Magiftrates, yea whole Ci
ties and Communities, <on the Account pf their hindering the Inquifition.
Bzpvius relates. a memorable Inftance, which happened in the Territory
oi Parma, about the Year 1285, from- a Letter of Honorius IV. brought
to the Bifhop oi Parma, in which there are thefe Things. " Friar Florius,
" a Predicant, Inquifitor of heretical Pravity in the Parts of Lombardy,
" deputed by the Apoftolick See, condemned a certain Woman, relap-
" fed into Herefy. after Abjuration^ who being deliver'd to the Secular
" Court, : was burnt. But fome Perfons, who were met together in the
" Place where the faid Woman was burnt, and a great Number of others,
" whp flocked from the different Parts ofthe City, ran in a violent Man-
" ner to the Place ofthe Friars of the faid Order, and forcibly enter'd the
" laid Place, and broke open the Church Doors, deftroy'd the Houfes
" with Stopes, and prefumed to; enter by Violence. the little Chapels of
" the-faid Place, .and unjuftly plunder'd me faid Friars pf their Books,
" Garments, and Effects, and beatand wounded feveral of them ; one of
" whom, after a few rDays, died of the Wounds he had received; fb
" that the Friacs were forced to leave the Place.
.:," Andj becaufe -the Governor and Magiftrate neglected to proceed to the
*' , Punifhment oi that Crirne, ,, according to their Office, they were cited
" by theBifhop of Ofifa : perfona-ltyto appear before him at a certain Place
" and Time. They appeared ; but becaufe there was no proper Syndick
" for the aforefaid Cpmmunity, who appeared before him, according to
" the Form of the Citation,; he. publifhed the Sentence of Excommuni-
" cation .agajnft them",- and put the City under an Interdict. After this,
'J. thp Governor ano^ Magiftrate, defiredj .that the Sentence of Excommu-
*' nication, and ^Interdict fhould "be taken off, and promifed ' that they
" would

i4% The Hiftory of the I N Q UTS IT 10 N. *
"would obey the Pleafure of the Church-; and that they would give,
" fufficient Security upon Oath, and Sureties, to ftand to the Law for all
" the aforefaid Enormities, Offences, andlnjuries; This Security waSac-
" cepted;' and upon the Appearance of the- proper Sureties for theafore-
" faid Comriiunity, each Perfon being bPund'iri a thoufand Marks' of
" Silver, that they fhould obey the Commands of the Church, the Seri-
'* tence was remitted, and they themfelves fotrtmroned' to appear withm
" the Space -of one Month. before Pope-Martin IV; by themfelves, or
" their Syndicks^' or their Procurators, fuffjcferitly inftrudted" for this Pur-
ft pofe, iri ordef to obey the Pope's Conrmand for thefe Exceffes, ' and fo
" receive what in Juftrce was to be exacted of them. They appeared
" within the faid Term before the Pope, but there was no farther Procefs
" made upon the fkid Affair. So thatHdnoriuslV. commanded the Bi-
" fhop of Parma. to cite them again before-' him, to obey his Ordets, and
" to receive what in Reafpnfnotild'be appointed them. ''What was the
" Event of this Procefs, arid what was the Punifhment inflicted upon the
-** Magiftrate, Bzovivs doth riot relate."
> . We have another Inftance in the Book of Sentences of the Tboloufe In
quifition. Certain Perfons were thrown into the Prifon of the Inquifition
at Co'rde?,' ;in the Territories of' Tboloufe. ' The Magiftrate and People rofe
rip againft, the Bifhop of Vi'oier's, and the Inquifitors, and by feveral Me
thods of obftructed the Office ofthe Inquifition. The Sentence of Ex
communication wW pronounced againft thefh. At length the Magiftrates
and principal Perfons threw, themfelves in a very humble Manner before
the Inquifitors, at a general Sermon of the Faith, fubmiffivelyconfefling
their Fault, and begging Pardon for their Offence. They fubmitted them
felves purely and entirely to the Will and Order ofthe Inquifitors, declar
ing that they Wete ready to make Satisfaction, and to receive and do Pe
nance, fiich as they fhould think fit to enjoin them. They pray to be
abfolved from the Sentences of Excommunication, and promife that they
would, be devoted, and perfevere in .their Devotion and Reverence and
Obedience to the Inquifitors, their Succeffor s, and the Office of the inqui
fition all the Days of their Life- This, fo humble a Supplication, moved
the Minds of the Inquifitors to Mercy, fo that tho' the Magiftrates. and
People had grievoufly offended againft the Bifhop of Viviers, the Inquil
fitors and their Office, and were therefore worthy of the fevereft Punifh
ments, yet in Confideration of their Humiliation artd Supplication, they
abfolve them from the Sentences of "Excommunication j but underfhis
Penance, that they fhall biiild'a'Ohapel in their City, with Ornaments'
and' all other Requifttes, to pdrfofm divine Service, arid: fhould farther erect

The mtbvfqfthe INQUISITION. 143
ered three Images over the Door of the Chapel, one of the Bifhop of Vi
viers, and the other two of two Inquifitors. And finally, they referve
to themfelves the Difpofal of certain particular Perfons of the faid Com
munity,, to the Number of fix or eight, whom they would call by Name
that Day or the following, whom, as the. principal Offenders; they
.would enjoin wholefome Penance ; and they oblige the whole Univerfity,
and every Perfon thereof, that they and every one of, them fhall fatisfy
the Bifhop and Church of Viviers, as. alfo the Office of .the Inquifition
and the Inquifitors, and all Perfons belonging to them, and pay the Ex
pences they have heen at upon account of the faid Affair.
In the fame Book of Sentences there are two other Iriftancesof Inquifition
made againft private Perfons, for hindring the, Office of the Inquifition.
The firft is that of Friar Bernard Deliciqfi,'. . who was accufed, that, as
the principal Director, he had profecuted the Complaints of the Cities of
Carcaffone, Viviers, zndCordes,s having procured for this Purpofe a large
Sum of Money from the faid Places, and by th? Sale of his Books, and
, by Borrowing ; that he had fpoken .very freely of the Proceffes and Sen.^-
tences of the Inquifitors, publifhed againft certain Perfons for Herefy, in
-the moft publick Converfations and elfewhere, even in the Secular Courts ;
that he had juftified Perfons apprehended and condemned for Herefy, and
faid, That though they were .true Catholicks, they were forced by the Vio
lence of 'i heir Tortures to confefs themfelves .and others guilty of Herefy, and
that they were unjuftly condemned; and hereby excited the Magiftrates and
People to bppofe the Bifhop and Inquifitors: That he alfo publickly af-
fertedat Tboloufe, That St. 'Peter and St. Paul could not defend themfelves
from Herefy if they were alive, and had Inquifition made againft them in
the Manner praBifed by the Inqufitors, and that he thus informed the King
of France againft the laid Inquifitors : That, he falfely afcribedto the In-
tqaifrtors an Inftrument drawn up.againft the City of Carcaffone upon the
Affair, of Herefy, and made this an Argument of exciting the People, that
they might fee what thefe Predicants would be able to do againft particu
lar Perfons, who could make fo falfe and pernicious an Inftrument againft
a whole Community : That by this Means he hindred the Office ofthe
Inquifition, railed a Sedition apd Rebellion, and did many other Things,
by which the Exercife of the Office of the Inquifition ^was obftructed.:
That moreover, after having taken-the Advice of many Perfons, .at feve>-
ral Times, and in different Places, hehad been deputed by the Magiftrates
of Carcaffone, to the Lord Ferr and ' de Maj or ids, and had offered ' to hini
die Borough of Carcaffone in thefe Words. " > My Lord, -you.m^yJtndxy " that

;i44 The Hiftory of the INQUTSTTIOK
" that the Magiftrates of Carcaffone, upon account of theDifturbances
" raifed by the Inquifitors, and becaufe the King of France will not take
" Care to protect them from the Actions of the Inquifitors according to
" their Defire, are willing to receive you for their Lord and Defender, and
" will receive you, if, and whenfoever you will pleafe to come^ and de-
" liver up to you the Borough of Carcaffone,htcl'> And that the Lord
Ferr and anivf ered, that he would willingly accept what they offered him
iby the faid Friar. And finally, he was accufed of Magick, and that he
had by him, and read, a certain conjuring Book : That hereby he incurred
' the Sentence of Excommunication, and with an obftinate Mind continued
»under it for fifteen Years, and at the fame time celebrated divine Services :
That at length, after daily Contumacy, and long Proceffes form'd againft
•him, he had fully confeffed all, and humbly defired to be abfolved from
his Sentences of Excommunication. Upon this he was abfolved from the
faid Sentence, but immediately pronounced, degraded, condemned to
perpetual Imprifonment, and to do perpetual' Penance in Irons, andwith
the Bread of Sorrow, and Water of Affliction. Moreover, the Inquifitors
referve to themfelves the Mitigation of the aforefaid Penance, according
.as they fhould think expedient, and he himfelf fhould deferve it by Pa
tience and Humility, and the Sacrifice of a contrite Heart. But Pope
John XXII. revoked this Refervation of mitigating the Punifhment, and
commanded that the whole Sentence and Penance pronounced.againfthim,
fhould be rigoroufly and entirely executed.
The fecond Inftance is that of William Garrici, who, befides his be
ing prefent at the Heretication of a certain Perfon, and adoring Hereticks
after an heretical Manner, is faid to have contented, with others, in the
Advice and Endeavour, privately, by the Affifiance of one ofthe Servants
ofthe faid Inquifition, to fteal away and burn the Books of the Inquifition
at Carcaffone, in which were written the Confeffions and Depofitions in the
Fact of Herefy, and to have hindred by feveral other Methods the Office
of the Inquifition. For this. Reafon he was excommunicated, and con
tinued under it feveral Years, and was condemned to be imprifoned. But
at length, after many Evafions, he acknowledged his Fault, and fubmitted
himfelf to the Pleafure of the Inquifitors, humbly defiring Favour and
Mercy from them. After he.had folemnly abjured, not only Herefy, but
alfo the favouring, receiving, defending, and partaking with Hereticks,
¦he was abfolved from his Excommunication, and had this : Penance en
joined him; that in the firft general Paffage he fhould perfonally tranfport
himfelf, where he fhould tarry during the Pleafure or Command of the In
quifitors,

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N, 14?
quifitors, or their Succeffors. Or if he fliould be legally prevented, that
then he fhould be obliged to fend in his Room, at his own Coft and Ex-
pence, a fufficient and proper Soldier for the Defence of the holy Land.
That within the Space of thirty, Days he fhould depart the Kingdom of
France, to fuch Place as the Inquifitors fliould appoint, there to abide till
the Time of his tranfporting himfelf, or after that Time, if he fends a
Soldier in his Room. After this Sentence was pronounced, read, and pub
lifhed by the Inquifitors, Mafter William Gar rid, upon his bent Knees,
and with his Hands held up together, in Token of great Humility, faid,
That he accepted the aforefaid, giving and returning Thanks, firft to the -m
Lord Jefiis Chrift, and then to the Inquifitors, for thefe Favours beftowed .
upon him.
Other Magiftrates are punifhed with Sentences of Excommunication,
their Countries are put under Interdict, and given to the firft Conqueror of
them, many Inftances of which we have feen in the firft Book of this
Hiftory. And becaufe this Office, in itfelf hateful, is rendered much
morefo by the exceffive Cruelty of the Inquifitors, who have hereby raifed
the Anger and Indignation of all Mankind againft them ; therefore Pope
Pius V. to prevent the leaft Hurt or Injury from being offered them, and
every Hindrance that may be made to this Office, did, in the Year of our
Lord 156.9. publifh a moft fevere Bull againft all \yho fhould hurt the^
State, Effects, and Perfons of the facred Office of the Inquifitipn of here
tical Pravity.
According to the Conftitution of this Bull, very grievous Punifhmerits
are often inflicted on thofe who violate it. Carena relates from Fari-
nacius, that a certain Prifoner in the holy Office was hanged for killing
his Keeper, in order to make his Efcape. He adds, That at Cremona,
An. 16 14. a certain Jew, was hanged for killing another Jew, who had
depofed againft him in the holy Office. And not only thus, but if the
Wound is not mortal, but flight, he fays that he hath feen fuch Offenders
fometimes condemned for ever to the Gallies, or at leaft for ten Years. This
was executed upon a certain Perfon at Cremona, who had caned a Witnefs-
for depofing againft his Brother in the holy Office. His Sentence was pub
lickly read to him in the great Epifcopal Hall at Cremona, Carena himfelf
being prefent.
The fame Carena gives us a Cafe, by which it will appear, that fome
times thofe who terrify Witneffes, but yet don't obtain their End, have
been difmiffed with a fevere Reprimand, and being put in mind of the
before-mentioned Bull. A certain Sergeantof the holy ¦Office . had a Met
U fage

146 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
fage from the Inquifitor to deliver to a certain Countryman's Wife : The
Woman not being at home, the Sergeant would leave it with her Huf
band ; upon which the Countryman gave him feveral hard Names, and .
follow'd him with Weapons, crying out, Lifcirro becco torna in dietro a
tor il tuo precetto. The Pope contented that the Caufe fhould be tried be
fore him, July 15, 162 1. and the Sentence approved was, that the faid;
Countryman had incurred the Penalty of this Conftitution, and that he
was to be condemned to the Gallies for five Years ; with this Addition,
That from the Goodnefs of the Pope he fhould be heard, if he defired the .
Grace of Commutation, upon Confideration of the Plainnefs of the Man, ¦
and his conjugal Affection.
However, Carena adds a Caution, that from thefe Inftances 'tis not
lawful for the Inquifitors and Minifters of the holy Office, to make for
themfelves a general Rule, viz. that fuch who terrify the Witneffes ought
to be punifhed, as above, and after the fame Manner as thofe who wound
them ; for this is not left to the Pleafure of the Inquifitors or Ordinaries
by the Matter of this Bull, but to the Cardinals, the fiipream Inquifitors,
to whom it belongs to declare, whether Criminals have incurred the Penal- .
ties of this Conftitution, or not.
He gives us another Inftance that happened at Cremona, An. 1592. A
certain Perfon had accufed all the Witneffes examined againft him in the
holy Office, and had caufed them to be imprifoned by the Secular Judge
for fundry Crimes and Damages which they and their Cattle had occafion-
ed in his Grounds. The major Part ofthe Congregation at Cremona thought,
that altho' the Accufation could not be called formally that terrifying of
Which the Bull fpeaks, yet inafmuch as it appeared flanderous and deceitul,
the Criminal fhould be obliged to free the imprifoned Witneffes from Pri
fon at his own Expence, and pay them, when delivered, all their Charges..
This takes place, not only when any Perfon is accufed as an Heretick,
" but in all and every Caufe whatfoever belonging 'to the holy Office y
" becaufe every Caufe belonging to this Tribunal, is properly faid to be a
" Caufe ofthe Faith, and to belong to it, and to infer fome Mark of the
" Faith, either directly or indirectly. And in all Caufes pf this Holy Office,
" there is the fame Reafon for maintaining the Liberty of thisTribunah Thus
" in the Year 1635, a certain Neopolitan Soldier had refcued from; the
" Sbirri a certain Blafphemer, taken up in the Name of the.Holy Office,
" for which he was condemned by Order of the fupream Tribunal ofthe
" City to all the Penalties of this Conftitution. Altho' afterwards, thro' the
fl Favour of the faid fupream, Tribunal, th« Pun^ment of Death was
" exchanged

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 147
'" exchanged for that of the Gallies for ten Years. And this was publickly
Z* executed at Cremona, in the Hall of the holy Office."
Yea, they extend this Affair fometimes fo far, that all manner of
Offences committed againft any one that belongs to the Inquifitors,
though they have, no Relation te the Faith, are punifhed in the fame Man
ner, as though the Office of the Inquifition had been hindered by them,
or the Inquifitor himfelf had received fome grievous Injury. Reginald
Gonfalvius gives us a remarkable Inftance of this which happened in the
former Age at Seville. The Bifhop of Terragone, chief Inquifitor at Se
ville, went one Summer for his Diverfion to fome pleafant Gardens fituate
by the Sea Side, with all his Inquifitory Family ; and walking out, ac
cording to his Cuftom, with his Epifcopal Attendance, a Child of the
Gardener, two or three Years old at moft, accidentally fat playing upon tha
Side of a Pond in the Garden, where my Lord Bifhop was taking his Plea
fure. One of the Boys that attended his Lordfhip, fnatch'd out of the
Hand of the Gardener's Child a Reed, with which he was playing, and
made him cry. The Gardener hearing his Child, comes to the Place, and
when he found out the Occafion of his crying, was angry, and bad the
Inquifitor's Servant reftore the Reed to him. And upon his Refufal, and
infolently contemning the Countryman, he fnatched it away, and as the
Boy held it faft, the Gardener flightly hurt his Hand by the fharp Husk
of the Reed, in pulling it from him. The Wound was far from being
mortal, or from endangering the Lofs of any Part, and fo could not de-
ferve a fevere Punifhment. 'Twas no more than a Scratch of the Skin, a
mere childifh Wound; as one may imagine by the Caufe of it. However,
the Inquifitor's Boy came to his Mafter, who was walking near the Place,
to complain about his Wound, upon which the Inquifitor orders the
Gardener to be taken up, and thrown into the Inquifitory Prifon, and
kept him there for nine Months in very heavy Irons, by which he received
fuch Damage in his Circumftances, which were at beft but mean, as the
poor Man could not eafily recover ; his Children and Wife, in the mean
while, being ready to perifh for Hunger. And all becaufe he did not pay
Deference enough to the Inquifitor's Boy, as a Member of the holy Tri
bunal. At nine Months End they diffnifled him from Prifon, and would
have perfuaded him, that they dealt much more mercifully with him, than
his Crime deferved.
Although, in other Cafes, 'tis ufual to diftinguifh between a Suspicion,
and a Prefumption, a Sufpicion being no other than a Man's Opinion con
cerning a Crime, feveral of which Sufpicions muft concur to form a Pre-
U % fumption

148 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
fumption of it, yet in the Caufe of Herefy they are taken for the fame:
A Prefumption or Sufpicion therefore in this Affair is a probable Guefs of
a doubtful Matter, proceeding from the Nature ofthe Thing; or the Cir-
cumftances of Affairs or Perfons. Prefumptions arife from a Perfon's
-Country and Parents ; but thefe are 'too '-general. Others :arife from his
Education, and the Manners of thofe with whom he converfes. This is
the Reafon that the Inquifitors, in their firft Examinations, fo diligently
ask the Criminals of what Nation, Country, Family, and Kindred they
are, amongft whom they have been educated, who were their Mafters,
Inftructors, Companions, and Friends. For thefe Things, and a thou
fand other fuch, are ufually confidered in doubtful Cafes, that from hence
they may draw more probable Proofs. They alfo confider the Sex. A
Man may more eafily be prefumed guilty of Robbery*. A Woman of
Witchcraft. And farther, they confider the Age, Fortune, Difference of
Condition, Nature of Mind, and Inclinations. '
In the Caufe of Herefy, Sufpicion is threefold ; Light, Vehement and
Violent: A light Sufpicion is -that "Which arifes from the external Signs of
Actions and Words, by which fuch a Guefs may be made, ;as rimy imply
not indeed frequently, but feldom, and by Accident, that hewhoifays or
does fuch Things is an Heretick. This is inferred by a fmall Confequence.
As if any one fhould argue thus: He is found to frequent private Con
venticles, and in his Life and Manners departs from the common. Con ver-
fation of the Faithful; therefore he is an Heretick, becaufe 'Hereticks
themfelves are found to do -fuch Things frequently. Such are. lightly
fufpected of Herefy. But the Inquifitors teach, - that :fuch Perfons ought
not eafily to be proceeded againft in aGaufe offuch Importance. How
ever, fometimes the very fpeaking to Hereticks hath not efcaped without
Punifhment. Thus 'Bzovius relates, Anno 1234, §.14. Acurfius, the
Son of Aldobrandinus, a Citizen of Florence, incurred the Canon, be
caufe, whilft he dwelt in France, he converted with Hereticks. For
'twas, they thought, a Crime for any one fo much as to falute them,
contrary to the Apoftolick Inftitutions. But as he was afterwards abfolved
by Raymond Peniafortius, Penitentiary of the Apoftolick See, Pope Gre
gory enjoin'd the Prior, and Friar Robert, and the reft of the Predicant
Friars in Paris, that they fhould not any ways moleft him, or fuffer or
command him to be molefted.
A vehement Sufpicion arifes from fuch external Words and Deeds,
which, when known, infer an Argument frequently conclufive ; and be
caufe, as to moft, he who doth or fays fuch Things, is an Heretick ;
and

The Hiftpryi ofthe I N Q1J I.SITI Q<N. 149
^nd is ufually taken" for full Prppf, if there be nothing proved to the con- ,
trary. Such are thofe, who being called to anfwer concerning the Faith,
-do not appear in the Time afljgned them ; fuch who knowingly hinder
the -Office -of the Inquifition,-; who knowingly give their .Counfel, and
Affifiance, -,and Favour to /fuch, Hindcress; who inffrudt Hereticks when
cited to conceal the Truth, , and fpeak -f^tlfely ) who are any ways excom
municated upon Account pf the Faith i who knowingly favour, defend,
and receive Hereticks; who are infamous for Herefy, upon account of
their Familiarity witkfuch whom they know to be Hereticks ; whp know
ingly accompany, vifit, and receive Hereticks. He alfo who .gives a.Kifs
to an Heretick, is vehemently to be fufpected of Herefy, ^according to tne
Judgment ofthe Synod , of ferrqgone, according to this [Decree : It is
like^vife enquired, Whether £e who gave a Kif's to one of the. Inzabbatati, or
an Heretick, when-he believed and knew him to be Juch a Perfon, or prayed
with him, or concealed him, ¦ or beard preaching or reading from him, and
believed him to i>e a good Man,- -is Jo be judged of as a Believer of his Er
ror s% \ .And-we Jay tb'at \hj is not. However, let Juch an one be condemned
as a Favourer , or Concealer , anft B.enefqBor, and -vehemently fufpeBed to
believe his Errors ; wilejihefijould befbjearned or difdeet, as not to be able
to pretend Ignorance. And this we think proper -to leave to the Pleafure of
the prudent Judge. Befides thefe, fuch alfo are vehemently fufpected,
who are judicially convicted pf Perjury, or a Lye, in a Caufe: pf the Faith,
and who have often^done or faid ;a/iy Thipg againft tfie Faith, and the
like ; for all fhe particular Cafes cannot be enumerated.7 They who do
fiich Things,' arefajdto be vehemently fufpected. %
Amongft thefe are reckoned alfo, fuch who, knowingly give Ecclefiafti
cal Burial to Jderetiqks, their Believers, Receivers, Defenders, and Fa
vourers,1 /. e. -who bury them in the Church- Yard, after a Chriftian Man
ner, with Pfalms and Prayers. For he who knowingly buries thofe,
whom the Church perfecutes and condemns as Hereticks, pr fufpected of
Herefy, doth, whatever he may think in his Mind, feem by Fa£t to de-
clareand profefs, either that the Church ought not to deprive fuch Perfons
of Burial, or that it is lawful to pray- for Heretick.s anaVtheir Believers, &c.
becaufe heburies them after the Manner of Catholicks. : But whether- this
Sufpicion be on1 y light, or vehement, fkilful Men nvuft judge of, accord
ing to the Quality of the Perfons. The Punifhment of fuch is Excom
munication, from which they cannot be abfolved, without proper Satif-
faction, whether it be Abjuration or Canonical Purgation. Nor can
they merit the Benefit' pf Abfojutipn, unlefs they >unbury:them with their own

i yo The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
own Hands, and threw out the Bodies of fuch condemned Perfons from
their ^Graves.
The feme Sufpicion arifes, if any one celebrates the Obfequies of fuch
a Perfon after the Manner of Catholicks, when fuch Heretick or fufpect
ed Perfon dies any where elfe, at Geneva for Inftance, or any other Place,
where Men live and believe heretical. And finally, if any one ftea'ls away
and preferves the Allies, Bones, Garments, or the like of burned Hereticks.
But if any one finds an Heretick, or a Believer or Favourer of Here
ticks, or any fuch Perfon dead, in thofe Places in which he cannot eafily
accufe them before the lawful Judges, then he may inter them, but not
in holy Ground, that fo their unburied Bodies may not corrupt the Air;
nor fhall he hereby deferve any Punifhment, or contract any Sufpicion of
Herefy. He muft however report the Affair to the Judges, of the Faith,
as foon as he can, that they may appoint what is needful to be done.
There is alfo another Kind of fufpected Perfons, viz. thofe who have
faid any thing feandalous or fufpected, fays Simancas, " No one ought to
preach who is not examined and approved ; but if any Preacher, thus
examined and approved, fhall have faid any thing feandalous or
fufpected, the Inquifitor muft fummon him, and immediately com
pel him, either publickly to retract it, or to explain it to the People
" in a pious and catholick Senfe; and he is moreover to be corrected and
" admonifhed, not to dare to preach fiich things for the future. But if
'** he preaches any Herefy, he muft be punifhed according to his Crime,
u and deprived of the Office of Preaching.
But left the Popifh Doctors fhould be eafily rendered fufpected of He
refy, and deprived of their Office by the Inquifitors, they generally make
ufe of a certain Proteftation, that by this Means they may efcape Cen
fure, as Simancas teaches. K Becaufe 'tis dangerous to difpute about Mat-
** ters of Faith and Religion, even tho' the Truth be fpoken ; therefore
*' learned Men, wife and pious, when they treat of thefe Things, do with
** Prudence ufually make a folemn Proteftation, that they would not by
<c any Means deviate from the Catholick Faith, but in all Things, andal-
" ways embrace the Doctrine of the Univerfal Church, and willingly fub-
** ject themfelves to her Cenfure. After this they add a conditional Re-
" vocation, to this Senfe : That if it fhall happen that they have faid or
" written any thing againft the Catholick Faith, they do from henceforth
" retract it, and would have all underftand that it was faid or written
« through Unskilfulnefs or Imprudence, and not thro' Malice or Obftina-
cy.M But left any one fhould efcape the Cenfure of the Inquifitor by
" fuch

a

The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I ON:1 ry *
fuch kind of Proteftations, Simancas1 adds thefe Limitations. " That
" fuch Proteftation, though repeated a thoufand times, doth not excufe,
" when any one willingly errs againftthe Catholick Faith ; or, when thro'
u Ignorance he errs in thofe things which he is explicitely required- to"
" know, • tydefs poflibly he- is able to prove his Ignorance,' or fome Caufe
" of his Error. ,- But it will he pf great Advantage to him when he errs-
" in thofe things, which are fo difficult, obfcure and doubtful, that may,
" fometimes efcape the moft learned Men. , Becaufe fuch an Error is fiipr-
" pofed to arife more from Ignorance tb^ri Malice. ,
, Sufpicioii alfo, arifes, that a" Perfon thinks ^1 of fome Doctrine orlnfti-r
tution, or Order of the Church, or fome other Thing concerning which;
he muft believe as the Church believes, viz. concerning the Power of the.
Pope, and Prelates, the holy Religions of the Monks, , the Rites of the
Sacraments, and other Things, if he treat : them unworthily , injurioufly
and difgracefully • or jf hedefiles thefe excommunicatory Libels* which.
are commonly called Ceduknes, by drawing nafty Figures upon them.;
Such Perfons Columna Marfilius, Arch-bifhop of Salerno, in a certain An--
fwer. contends, dp belong to the holy Office, becaufe, by this Action, they?
feem to think wrong of the Power of the Prelates, and to contemn the
Cenfures of the Church, and to feoff at and difgrace the Church which,
ufes fuch Cenfures. Farther, if any one perfifts in his Excommunication,
for two Years, or for one, he is fufpected of Herefy. For then 'tis prefum-?
ed that he thinks ill of the Sacraments of the Church, and its Power,.
becaufe he defpifcs its Excommunication. But if any one be excommu
nicated for Contumacy committed, in a Caufe of Herefy, after a Year he:
is. looked on as an Heretick, and may be punifhed as fuch..
Such alfo are fufpected who converfe with Hereticks, and from fiich)
Converfation there arife Signs fufficient to put. fuch an one to, the Torture,-.
as Carena teaches, ,.
A violent iSufpicion, which is alfo called de Jure, is a certain Difpo-*
fition of the. Law'; prefuming fomething, and determining upon fuch
Prefumption, a&thp' -it were. certain and known. Nor gan any Proof to?
the contrary be regularly and directly admitted againft fuch Prefumption y
becaufe, as it proceeds from open and violent Marks, it is taken for a ma-
nifeft Truth. It arifes from external Signs of Action's or Words, by
which- it may be concluded effectually, and almoft always, that he who?
fays or doth thefe Things is an Heretick. As if heretofore any one fhould
adore Hereticks, or reverence them after their Manner; or receive the;
Confolation or Communion frpmthem,, or do the like things. belonging,
to, their Cuftom, A

IS* The Hiftory of the IN QU I SI TION, ,
A Perfon lightly fufperted, is enjoined Canonical Purgation, or even a
light Abjuration. In this1 Cafe however the "Proceeding muft be cautious;;
becaufe if anv one falls into the like- Sufpicion after Abjuration, he muft
be more grievoufly puriifhed.
: A Perfon vehemently fufpected ; is not an Heretick, nor can he7 be pu..
riifhed as an Heretick; but he muft be commanded to abjure generally
every Herefy, and efpecially that in which* he offended, as a Perfon vehe
mently fufpected. Arid this is no light Punifhment; becaufe if he after
wards relapfes, either into his former Herefy, or any other, or aflbciates
with thofe -whom he knows to cbe Hereticks, of affords them fiich Favour
^s is capable of rip Excufe, he incurs the Penalty of the Relapfed. If he"
doth riot con fent immediately to abjure at the Command of his Judge, he
is excommunicated; and if he continues under Excommunication for a
Year he rriuft be coridefnned an Heretick, and delivered over to the Se
cular Arm; and may in the mean while be punifhed with fome leffer Pu-
nifhrrierit, at the Pleafure of his Judge, as particularly with a Fine.
- But this only takes Plaed when the Criminal is vehemently fufpected,-
and iip'ori account of his Age, or State of Health, or any other Caufe, can
not be tortured or purged. In fuch- a Cafe he! is carried Out in publick,
cloathed With the penitential Habit, and is folemnly to abjure, and to for
feit the third Fart of his Effects, more or lets; at the Pleafure of the
Judge. But thefe Penalties muft be applied to the Expences of the Of-
fiee of the holy Inquifitiony nor Pan they be received as Payment of the Sa
lary due to them, or their Minifters, as is more fully contain'd in a cer
tain Gbnafnand of the General Inquifition.
Who they are that are Defamed for Herefy, we are taught by the Coun
cil Of Tboloufe. Cap. J 6. Such ought to, be accounted Defamed, who are
cried out againft by publick Reporter of whofe Defamation amongft good and
grave Perfons there is legal Proof before the, Bipop of the Place. So that
to the perfect Proof of fuch Defamasion or Infamy for Herefy, two good
and grave Witneffes fuffice. But if they are vile and infamous, altho'
they are not to be defpifed on this Account, fo as to flop proceeding to an
Inquifition froni what they depofe, yet fuch Defamation is not fully'"
proved by them. >:
' When once this Infamy is proved by Witneffes, they enquire, whether
the Perfon inquifited can prove himfelf to be of gopd Reputation, and
thus put a Stop to the Inquifition concerning the Truth of the Crime,
and fake away the Proof of his bad Character. Here the Popifh Doctors
greatly differ. Some 6ys that the Proof concerning his good Character * ought"

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 1^
ought not to be admitted, becaufe it feems to be elufive. For if an hun
dred Perfons fhould fay fuch an one hath a bad Character, and a thoufand
that he is of a good one, the Proof of the good one doth not difcharge
him, becaufe he ftill remains infamous in the account of others, and
the Inquifition is to be made in regard of them. Others fay, that the
Report of the greateft Number is to be ftood to. Others, that the
Proof is to be admitted, but whether it affects the contrary Proof de
pends upon confidering wherein the publick Report agrees, what is the
Quality of the Witneffes and Perfons, according to which the Judge is
to determine which of the Proofs is valid. Others fay, that either the
Witneffes on both Sides depofe concerning the Perfon 's Character, as to
the fame Place and Time, and then the moft credible Witneffes are to
be believed ; or the Witneffes on both Sides are equally credible, and then
. the greateft Number muft determine ; or the Number of them is equal,
and then the moft probable Proof -is to take Place, and that Proof is to
be accounted the moft probable, which adds Weight to the Caufe by any
like Prefumption.
The Punifhment of one thus defamed, is Canonical Purgation, and
fome other ordinary Penalty, when the Defamation is fully proved.. But
if it is not fully proved, the Perfon cannot be compelled to a Canonical
Purgation, unlefs there be fuller Proof, and other Signs and Tokens con
cur with the Defamation. They fay it is the fame, if the Infamy arifes
from Rivals and Enemies. This is fufficient to give a Beginning to the
Inquifition, but not to enjoin Canonical Purgation, unlefs what they fay
be probable. Sometimes alfo Perfons are defamed for Herefy upon this
Account, that they have lived in Places defamed or fofpected of Herefy,
and from thence have come amongft the Papifts.
A Perfon is faid to be relapfed, upon a double Account, either into He
refy, or the Favouring of Herefy. One relapfed into Herefy is he, who
after he hath been convicted, either by the Evidence of the Fact, or his
own Confeffion, or by a legal Production of Witneffes, hath publickly
abjured his Herefy, and is convicted of falling into it again. So that,
though a Perfon, who falls into the fame Error again and again, without
any folemn Penance intervening, or making an Abjuration or Canonical
Purgation, may be truly faid to be a Relapfe, yet he cannot be punifh'd
as fuch, fo as to be delivered over to the Secular Court, if fo be he will
¦repent. Of thefe relapfed Perfons there are four Sorts. The firft, when
any one falls into the ferne Herefy he hath abjured. Here the Doctors
difpute, whether or no a Perfon who abjures as an Heretick before the
Inquifitors Sub-delegate, and afterwards falls into the fame or any other
N°- 6. X Herefy,

i;T4 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Herefy, is to be accounted as a Relapfe, if there be no Certainty of the
Sub-delegation of that Judge before whom he abjures. However, in the
City of Como, a certain Woman, who had thus-abjured, was given over
as a Relapfe to the Secular Arm, and burnt, by the Advice of the whole
College of Counfellors in that City, and of the Bifhop, and of John
Thomas Odejcbalcus, a Senator. It was determined alfo,. after the fame
Mariner, at Mantua in a like Cafe. The fecond, when any one falls in
to an Herefy which he abjured as vehemently fufpected, but not if he
only falls again into a vehement Sufpicion of Herefy^ The third, when
after a general Abjuration* of Herefy, he falls into an Herefy diffe
rent frorri the particular one he abjured. The fourth, when after having
abjured as an Heretick, he accompanies, vifits, &fc. Hereticks, fends them
Prefents; or grants them Favour.
The Glofs on the aforefaid cited Chapter only excepts the Cafe of Hun
ger, which excufes, provided it be violent. But this Exception was not
allowed by the Supreme Council of the Spanip Inquifition, in which a
certain Perfon was delivered over to the Secular Arm as a Relapfe, who
having been reconciled as a Moor, returned afterwards to fome of that
Sort, and would "have excufed himfelf by this Glofs, that he went to
them upon account of Hunger.
So that, in order to a Man's being accounted as a Relapfe, J. Roy as
fays 'tis neceflary, that it be proved that the Criminal did fall into He
refy, and is now fallen again into it. The Proof, as to the firft, muft
be true, or prefumptive, as to the fecond , legal : He therefore advifes,
that the Promoter Fifcal fhould be cautious in accufing the Criminal of
his. firft Lapfe, that he may not be obliged only to exhibit the .firft Sen
tence pronounced againft fuch a Relapfe, but that it may appear by the
Confeffion of the Criminal, and the Inftrument of his Sentence, that he
was fallen into Herefy, and hath abjured. But even then the Criminal
is to be heard, defiring to alledge and prove his Innocence. The fame
¦Royjas fays, that in the Inquifition oi Valence, there is an Apoftolick In-
dult, which provides, that Perfons relapfed, if Moors, and truly peni
tent, may be again reconciled to the Inquifitors, becaufe new Converts
fhould be more mildly dealt, with. But this muft not be extended to
their Teachers, commonly called Alfaquins.
But befides thefe, there are two: other Ways, by which a Perfon is ac
counted to be a Relapfe. .Firft, When he is found ta be. 'perjured after
Abjuration. Secondly, When, after Ahjuxation and Purgation, the Cri
minal hath not performed the Penance enjoined china by the Iriquifitpts. But

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. i ss
But between thefe and the former1 fort of relapfed Perfons, there is this
Difference, that the former are to be left without any Mercy to the Secu
lar Arm; but as to the latter, 'tis in the Inquifitors Pleafure to deliver
them to the Secular Judgment Or not.
However, all who do not obferve the Penance enjoined them, are not
promifeuoufly accounted Relapfed. This Penance- is either altogether
contrary to Herefy, viz. if the Penitent be commanded to abjure, to
preach againft his Errors, not to communicate with Hereticks, and the
like. In this Cafe, if he doth not obey, they fay he may be punifhed
as a Relapfe. Or the Penance tends to the Purgation of his Fault, viz.
when Faftings, Prayers, and other pious Works, are enjoined the Peni
tent. In this Cafe he who doth not perform eveiy Thing, may be pu
nifhed with an arbitrary Fine. But Simancas is of a different Opinion,
who thinks fuch Perfons to be obftinate, impenitent, or any thing rather
than Relapfed ; and that therefore Penance ought to be again enjoined
them at the Pleafure of the Judges, according to the Nature of their
Crime. <
In like manner he who is condemned to perpetual Imprifonment, and
efcapes out of it, is generally accounted as a Relapfe, becaufe his Con
verfion feems to have been feigned, and he himfelf to have fallen into his
former Error. Bernard Comenfis is of this Opinion. But Simancas re
jects this Opinion as cruel and falfe, and fays, fuch a one is an Impeni
tent, but not a Relapfe. So that whilft he continues his Efcape, and
doth not fatisfy the Penance enjoined him, he may be condemned as an
Impenitent. But if either he returns himfelf, or is apprehended, and
ready to fatisfy the Church, then he is to be enjoin'd a greater Penance
upon account of his Efcape, but is to be kindly received into the Bofom
of the Church.
As to the Punifhment of the Relapfed, the Council of TarragoHe hath
formerly thus determined. Some Perfons doubt, whether Perfons relapfed
into the Belief of Hereticks, and dogmatifing Hereticks, ought to be left to
the Secular Judgment, if after they are apprehended they will repent. To
us it feems that they ought not. But in every fuch Cafe they are to be con
demned to Imprifonment. Thus alfo . Guido Fulcodius, in a certain Con*
fultation, anfwers. But if, which God forbid, fuch fliould relapfe, they
are not to be received without a publick Penance, which is elfewhere
determined, unlefs it may poffibly occafion any Scandal^ and a greater Divi
fion, which we ought diligently to take Care of. But the Council of Nar*
bonne, cap. 1 1. thus determines. As to thofe, who,- after their Abjuration
X 2 of

i s6 The Hiftory of the IN QU I S I T I O N.
of Error and Purgation, pall be found to have fallen again into the He
rejy they have abjured, leave them without farther Hearing to the Secular
Judgment, to receive their due Punipment, fince 'tis enough that fuch have
mee deceived the Church by afalfe Converfion. There is only this Diffe
rence, that if they repent, they are not denied the Sacraments of Penance
and the Eucharifi. - Cap. Super eo. de-haeret. lib. 6. But in Spain the
Eucharifi is generally denied to fuch Relapfed,' upon account of the Dan
ger which may happen by the Alteration which he receives, who is to
be delivered over to the Secular Arm, and he is only allowed the Sacra
ment of Penance. Hence they fay, that relapfed Penitents are reincor
porated into the Church, which is done by the Sacrament of Penance;
but that they are riot reconciled to it, becaufe the Sacrament of the Eu
charifi is neceffary in order to it. But if they do not repent, they are
delivered over to the Secular Court as obftinate Hereticks. But Siman
cas obferves, " that there are fome who think that relapfed Hereticks
*' may fometimes obtain Pardon, viz. when any one really relapfed, and
*• not yet accufed, nor convicted by any Witneffes, fecretly accufes him-
u fclf- to the Inquifitors, voluntarily confeffes his Errors, and with Tears
'* afks Mercy, being ready to undergo any Penance, becaufe as to him
" there can't be that evil Sufpicion, by which relapfed Perfons are pre-
" fumed to be feignedly converted. But Simancas himfelf is of Opi-
" nion, that this can't be defended, unlefs it be helped out with a favour-
*f able Interpretation, becaufe the Judge is the Keeper and Minifter of
" the Laws, and not the Lord of them."
A Relapfe into the Favouring of Herefy, is one who hath abjured fuch
Favouring, and afterwards relapfes into it, as the Council of Tarragone
defines it. But whether this is to be uriderftood, if they relapfe into the
fame Favouring, or into any other, and whether both, or the former on
ly, are to be delivered over to the Secular Court, and punifhed with Death,
the Laws do not clearly determine. And therefore fome think it the
fafeft way, in fuch Cafe, to confult the chief Pontiff, or the Senate of
the general Roman Inquifition.
Befides thefe there are others, whofe Crimes may be thought more pro
perly to belong to another Court. But it fometimes happens, that they
are faid to be fprinkled with the Plague of Herefy; becaufe they are fuf-
pectedjof it, and therefore muft be inquifited upon account of their In
tention. Amongft thefe, firft occur thofe who read and retain Books
prohibited upon account of Herefy. Thefe are numbered amongft fuf
pected Perfon s^ and there are feveral fevere Edicts of the Roman Pontiffs
againft them. . . . Pius

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I X I O N. is J
Pius V. publifhed a Bull upon the Feftival of Ccena Domini. In the
firft Chapter are excommunicated all Hereticks and Schifmaticks, of
whatfoever Name or Sect, and all Favourers, Receivers, and Believers
of Hereticks, and thofe who any wife knowingly read, keep in their,
Houfes, print, or in any wife defend, for any Caufe, publickly or pri
vately, under any Pretence or Colour, and in general all who defend
their Books, without the Authority of the Apoftolick See. Pius IV. recalled
all Licences of reading and keeping fuch Books, by his Conftitution,
March 24. 1564. By thefe Letters he commands, that all Perfons fhall
deliver and confign over all condemned Books to the Inquifitors of the
Cities where fuch Books are. In like manner, thofe who retain them,
cannot be excufed, even though they keep them locked up in a Chefh,
fo that no one can fee or read them ; becaufe all fuch Excufes are cut off
by this Sentence, and by the alledged Conftitution of Pius IV. Again,
thofe who print them are excommunicated ; and alfo thofe who in any
wife, or for any Caufe, publickly or privately defend heretical Books, &c.
and the Abfolution of all fuch Perfons is referved to the Pope.
And that all manner of Leave of reading even the leaft Thing in a
Book condemned for Herefy, may be cut off, they declare that they un-
derftand not only printed Books, but even Manufcripts and Parts of them,
which they thus expound. He, who reads that Part of the Books of He
reticks that are divided into Tomes, which doth not profeffedly contain
Herefy, is not accounted to read a Book prohibited by the Bull Cana^
even tho' the other Tomes fhould be heretical. But if a Tome contains
Herefy, or treats of Religion, and it be divided into feveral Books, he who
reads one of the Books of fuch a Tome, is faid to read a_Book prohibited
by this Bull, even though the particular Book doth not contain Herefy,
nor treat of Religion, and is bound up feparately from the others. Yea,
'tis enough to fay, that a Perfon hath read a prohibited Book, if he only
juft runs it over with his Eyes, adverting to the Things written in it,
though he doth not mention one Word of it with his Mouth. And yet,
which is ftrange, they add, that he who by Memory recites a prohibited
Book, though he doth it with an evil Intention, is not accounted fo to
read it, as to incur the Cenfure pronounced againft fuch who do ; fo ob-
fervant are they of the Letter of the Law ; though at the fame time, he
incurs the Cenfure of the Bull, who reads a Book prohibited byit, tho'
he doth not do it with an illDefign, but out of pure Curiofity, or to con
fute the Errors of Hereticks. But to a Man's incurring the Penalty of
Excommunication, 'tis neceflary that he fhould knowingly read it,. So
th.;*:

,158 The Hiftory of s the INQUISITION.
that Ignorance excufes, but not when 'tis grofs and." affected, viz. when
a Perfon pretends not to know that the Author of a Book was an- Here
tick, although he knew the Book treated of Religion, or that the Book
treated of Religion, although he knew the Author to be an Heretick.
He who keeps the aforefaid Books either in his own, or another's Houfe,
whether he underftands the Book or not, whether it be the Whole or a
Part, even fo much as a fingle Leaf, whether he keeps it to-read, or
only for Curiofity and Ornament's fake, or to exchange for other Books,
or to wrap up what he fells with the Leaves of it, incurs the Excommu
nication of the Bull. Likewife he who caufes it to be printed, defends
"it, praifes it, fays 'tis not fit to he burnt or prohibited, or hinders its
coming to the Inquifitors Hands.
Thefe are all-fufpected concerning the Faith, and may be punifhed by
the Inquifitors as Sufpected. But if any one doth riot deliver an hereti
cal Book to. the Inquifitors, but burns it by- his own Authority, he is not
fufpected of Herefy, though he fills into Excommunication ; becaufe
Julius III. by a Conftitution, commands, that fuch Books fhall be really
and effectually delivered up to the Inquifitors. When any one delivers
up a Book to the Inquifitors, he muft be interrogated by them whence
he had it. He who keeps an heretical Book, which hath not the Au
thor's Name, is himfelf reputed the Author, unlefs he difcovers his
Name, and whence he had the Book. If any bring the Books of Here
ticks, prohibited either for Herefy, or falfe and fufpected Doctrine, to
any Country of the Faithful, they are Favourers of Hereticks, incur Ex
communication, have all their Goods confifcated, and if they are mean
Perfons, are whipped ; but if they are of the better Sort, they are banifhed
at the Pleafure of the Inquifitors. But thefe are not the only Punifhments
ufed. Tyranny prepares the Way for greater Cruelty. If there arifes a
vehement Prefumption of Herefy, upon account of any one's reading,
retaining, defending, or printing, the Books of Hereticks, and other ad
ditional Circumftances, they can make ufe of the Torture to find out
the Truth.
The Circumftances are fuch as thefe. If the Perfons inquifited are
learned. Secondly, If the Books contain Herefies. Thirdly, If they
have kept and read them a confiderable Time, and with Care, and have
imported them from diftant Countries. Thefe Things render the Per
fon vehemently fufpected, and he may be tortured concerning his Inten
tion and Belief of heretical Propofitions, and his Accomplices, - from
whom he had the Books, and may be forced to abjure upon account of
the

The Hiftory 'of the INQUISITION. 159
the vehement Sufpicion, and be banifhed at the Pleafure of the Inquifi
tors. Such who write out the Books of Hereticks, in order to print and
publifh them, and fuch who fell Paper and Ink for fuch Writing and
Printing, if it be knowingly, are Favourers of Hereticks, and fnay be
arbitrarily punifhed. Nor is he free from Punifhment who reads and re
tains the Book of an Heretick, profeffedly containing Herefy, or treat
ing of Religion, although he doth it with a Defign to confute the Er
rors of it, and the Holy Office is apprifed of fuch Defign. For Inftance,
if an Houfe be fearched, and prohibited Books are found in it, and at
the fame time fuch Writings as recite the Paffages of fuch Books, and
confute the Errors of them ; although fuch a Perfon is free from all Suf
picion of Herefy, and muft not therefore be tortured or made to abjure,
yet he is to be punifhed, and falls into the Excommunication of the Bull
de Cana, becaufe he keeps the faid Books without Leave, and by his own
Authority ; but muft therefore be abfolved from it again.
This Interdict of reading prohibited Books is fo univerfal, that it com
prehends even the Clergy themfelves, and as moft contend, the Bifhops
and very Cardinals, who cannot read the faid Books without the Pope's
Licence, becaufe all Licences and Privileges were revoked by Julius III.
in a Conftitution ; and afterwards by a Conftitution of Paul IV. and of
Pius IV. and by a Conftitution of Gregofy XV, publifh'd Dec. 30. 1623.
and finally by a Conftitution of Urban VIII. publifh'd Ap. 11. 163 1.
this Revocation was often confirmed. Hence it is that this Penalty is ap
pointed againft the Clergy who retain and read prohibited Books, that
they are vehemently fufpected, may be deprived of the active and paf-
five Voice, fufpended from Divine- Services, deprived of the Offices of
Reading, Preaching, &c. and farther be enjoined Faftings, Pilgrimages,
&c. As to the Inquifitors, fome will have them not to be comprehended
in the Bull ; others, that they are as well as others, unlefs they have par
ticular Leave from the Pope himfelf, or the Congregation of the Cardi
nals of the Holy Office, who alone have the Power of giving this Li
cence, and not this -unlets it be in full Congregation, or at leaft not with
out the major Part of the Cardinals be prefent. And even this their
Power fome fo far reftrain, as to contend that the College of Cardinals
cannot grant it during the Vacancy of the See. But whatever the Power
ef the Cardinals Inquifitors General in this Cafe is, tis limited by an ex-
prefs Exception of the Books of Charles Molinceus, the reading of which
the Pope only can- allow j according to the Conftitution Lvi Clement VIIL
- :- publifhed.

I 60 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
pabliihed An. 1602. But in Portugal the Inquifitors General may, by
theConceffion oi Paul IV. to Cardinal Henry, Dec. 10. 1560. grant
Leave to the Inquifitors, and other Perfons of approved Life and Reli
gion, if they are proper, and fkilful and learned in Divinity, and not
at all fufpected, to read any prohibited Books whatfoever, for this Rea
fon only, to enable them to oppofe and refute Hereticks. The fame
Power that is granted to the Inquifitors, is alfo underftood to be granted
to the Deputies of the Inquifition in the Kingdom of Portugal. Be
caufe, as they enjoy the Privileges of Inquifitors, and have a decifive
Vote in Caufes, and are Judges in Caufes of Herefy, and can punifh He
reticks, as well as burn their Books, they may read the fame prohibited
Books, which the Inquifitors themfelves are permitted to read. This
they may with much greater Reafon do, who are of the Council of
the Supreme Senate of the Inquifition.
Of POLYGAMISTS.
Tolygamifts are thofe who marry feveral Wives at once. The Tribu
nal of the Inquifitors takes Cognizance of their Caufe, becaufe they are
fufpected of Herefy, and are prefumed to think wrong concerning the
Sacrament of Matrimony, and to hold it lawful to have feveral Wives at
once. When a Polygamift is in the Prifons of the Holy Office, and he is known
to be the felt-fame Perfon, either by his Confeffion, or by Witneffes, and
when his Crime is proved, he is afked, Whether he truly believes that
it is, and hath been lawful for .a Chriftian Man,, after the Evangelick
Law, to marry feveral Wives at onGe ? If he anfwers affirmatively, he
is taken for a formal Heretick, and is to be punifhed as fiich. But if he
anfwers negatively, and like a Catholick, denying that he had any here
tical Intention, but was rather enticed to a fecond Matrimony by the
Luft and Concupifcence of the Flefh, he muft be put to the Torture
concerning his Intention, that the Judges of the Faith may certify them
felves what the Polygamift truly thinks concerning the Faith, becaufe the
Crime of Herefy is fecret, and lies hid in the Mind. This is peculiar
to this Holy Office ; though, according to the La\ys of it, they rightly
apply the Torture. For fince the Fact which the Criminal confeffes,, or
of which he is, convicted, maybe committed without any Error of the.
Mind, but for fome other Caufe, for Inftance, Concupifcence, the Cri
minal is tortured concerning his Intention and Belief of thofe Things which

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 161
which he hath done. And thus we fee, that 'tis a fmaller Crime in the
Church of Rome to marry two Wives thro' Luft and carnal Concupifcence,
tontrary to the Dictates of Confcience, than from fome Error of the
Mind, and with a Confcience that doth not condemn the Fact.
Polygamifts are fufpected of Herefy. In Spain they are only lightly
fufpected, and. therefore, according to the general Cuftom of Spain, they
muft abjure only as lightly fufpected. But in the Supreme Tribunal of
the Roman Inquifition, they are vehemently fufpected, and muft abjure
as fiich. . .
Yea, fuch' whp marry a' fecond Wife, being ignorant that the firft is
dead, but yet bring Witneffes to prove that they had no Wife, although!
their actual Polygamy is hot certain, yet they muft abjure as vehemently
fufpected, and be condemned to the Gallies. Carena gives us an In
ftance of a certain Perfon of Bologna, who had married his firft Wife
there, and afterwards, having examined Witneffes, to prove he never
had a Wife, married a fecond at Naples, being ignorant whether the firft
was dead. This Man was brought before the Pope by the Sacred Con
gregation, OBob. 19. 1620. and being firft put to the Torture concern
ing his Intention, he was forced to abjure as vehemently fufpected,
and condemned to the Gallies for five Years. Becaufe, though bis ac
tual Polygamy was not certainly proved, yet, as to himfelf; he hadcpn-
fummated the Crime. l v "
But if any one, during the Life of his firft Wife, betrPthes another, he
is only lightly fufpected, and muft therefore only' abjure as fiich. And
they give this Reafon of the Difference ; becaufe, in this Cafe, there is
no actual Abufe of the Sacrament, but only an evil Difpofition of Mind
toabufe'it.' '''''[ ,r '¦"'• '"'' •
After Abjuration thefe Polygamifts' are enjoined various falutary' Pe
nances by the Inquifitors, fiich as Faftirigs, Prayers, and the like, after
which, he who hath married two Wives, is condemned to the Gallies for
five Years ; and if he hath produced falfe Witneffes to prove the Death
of his former Wife, for feven Years and more, at the Pleafure of the
Inquifitors, and is commanded to return to his firft Wife. If they are
of the'ordiriary fort of People they are generally beat, and half their Ef
fects confifcated. And in fome Places they have an infaihous fort of a
Mitre put on their Heads, and are afterwards beaten. In Spain they are
condemned to the Gallies for ten Years. If any orie hath married thrice
or more, he is more grievoufly punifhed, and ' condemned for a longer
while fo 'the Gallies* Thus at Rome, May id. An, 1597. foui: Polyga-
Y ;- ¦*-— "; "- •'-'•-¦mitts

I tfi The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T K> N.
mifts were condemned to the Gallies in the Church of St. Mary jiipra
Minervam, by the Supreme Tribunal of the Roman Inquifition j two of
them for feven Years, who had married three Wives, and the other tw»
for five Years, who had married two.
Of thofe who adminifter the Sacrament of Penance, not being Priefts.
He who celebrates Mais, not being in Prefbyters Orders, is fubjecl: to
the Judgment of the Inquifitors, and pppofes in Fact the (Catholick Ve
rity, according to the Conftitution of Gregory XIII. The Evil of this
Crime, according to Soufa, reaches to Idolatry, becaufe thofe who thus ce
lebrate, make the Faithful of Chrift to adore Bread and Wine, as though
it were the true Body and Blood of our Lord.
In like manner he who is no Prieft; and yet hears Confeffions, and gives
Abfolution, ¦ is faid to abufe the Sacrament, and greatly to injure his Neigh
bour. Suph are vehemently fufpected of Herefy, becaufe they think, at leaft
as to the very Fact, that other Perfonsbefides Priefts may be the Minifters
©f thofe Sacraments.
Such Criminals are to abjure as vehemently fufpected,, and are then
delivered over to the Secular Arm to be punifhed with Death; but & re
firft .degraded from their Orders, if they are in any. Thus,, An. 1636.
and the following, two of thefe Criminals were delivered over to the Se*
cufar Court at Naples, and by- Order of the Holy Council firft hanged,
and then burnt.
Urban VIII. commanded by a Letter of Cardinal Meflinus, to- the In
quifitor General of Portugal, March 5. 1622. that Criminals confeffing,
or convicted of this Grime, fhould be abfolutely dehvered over to the
Secular Arm, and punifhed with Death. But in as iriuch as before thefe
Letters they were not punifhed with Death in Spain, according to the Con
ftitutions of Gregory ?s\d Clement, fo Soufa affirms, that he never fa w this
Punifhment inflicted in the Kingdoms pi Spain, after the faid. Letters of
Cardinal Mellinus. But this was the Method pi Punifhment there ge
nerally made ufe of, yizf that if the pretended- Prieft w<^\a Layman, or
vile Perfon,. he was beat, and fent to the Gallies, and enjoined fome Spi
ritual Penances. Or if he was a Perfon of Credit, or a Religious, he was
fent to the Gallies, If of fuch Quality. as that he coulcj. notbe4en|40
the Gallies, he yvas b^fhed,., and,, if in; any Order, fufpended from it
the whole Time of his Banlfhrneny If the Offence, was attended, with any

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T ION. 16 j
any aggravating Circumftances, they add other Punifhments according to
their Quality.
We have an Inftance to this Purpofe in the Book of Sentences of the
Tlioloufe Inquifition, Fol. 122. A certain Countryman called. Rolland, be
lieved he had a Power from the Lord to celebrate Mafs, and to confecratc
the true Body of Chrift from common Bread, and the true Blood from
Wine mixed with Oil and Salt, ina wooden Bowl that had a Foot to it,
which he ufed inftead of a Chalice. And thus he every Day facrificed
fecredy in his own Houfe, upon a Coffer covered over with a Linen Cloth,
and often communicated of that Bread, believing it to be the true Body
of Chrift. After four Years he was thrown into Prifon, and was very
difficultly prevailed with to abjure his Error. But whilft he was in his
Imprifonment, he was found to have relapfed into the fame Error, and
to have repeated this Ceremony. But before he was punifhed as a Re
lapfe, he died in Prifon, without a Confeffion pf his Sins, and the Sacra
ment of the Eucharifi. The Inquifitors commanded his Body to be
taken up and burnt.
Raynald gives us another Inftance of one, who did not indeed cele
brate or adminifter the Sacrament of Penance as a Prieft, though he
really was none, but who faid he was a Bifhop, though he had not the
Pope's Bull, and as fuch confecrated Priefts. And becaufe he was made
an Example of extreme Cruelty, I will here relate the Matter exactly as
I find it in his Annals.
" James the Prieft, a falfe Minorite, born in the Duchy oijuliers,
" forged the Pope's Bull, and declared in the Netherlands that he was a
" Bifhop ; and although he had not been ordained a Bifhop, he confe-
" crated Priefts by a falfe Ceremony in feveral Dioceffes of Germany and
" the Low Countries. At length he was convicted of his Wickednefs,
" and the Magiftrates of Utrecht thought fit, not to condemn him to the
" Flames, that he might be quickly confumed, but to be gradually burnt
" by boiling Water, that fo they might conquer his Obftinacy, becaufe
" he moft impudently refufed to acknowledge his Crime. But being
" gradually let down into the boiling Cauldron, and overcome with the
" Extremity of the Pain, hedetefted his Wickednefs, and pray'd that he
" might receive a milder Punifhment. His Judges being moved with
" Compaffion, ordered him to be taken put of the bpiling Cauldron, and
" then to be beheaded. Moft of ri>ofe who were confecrated by him,
" were reconfecrated by fome other Bilhop, whilft others returned to the
" World and married, aU Jus A<3fcs, being null and void."
Y 2 Of

1 64 TU Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Of Soliciting Confessors.
By thefe are underftood fuch Confeffors, who, in the Sacramental Con
feffion, folicite and prpvoke, or attempt to folicite and provoke, Women
to difhonourable Actions. Paul IV. An. 1561. Ap. 16. publifhed a Bull
againft fuch Perfons, directed to the Archbifhop of Seville, and Pius IV.
another, Ap.6. 1564. and the Supreme Inquifitors General an Edict, ap
proved by Clement VIII. But thofe Bulls, and that Decree, feem only to
take place in Spain, becaufe the Bulls were directed to the Archbifhop of
Seville, and the Decree ofthe Sacred' Congregation exprefly reftrained' to
the Places of Spain." But in the Year 16 12'. iii, the Month oi April, it
was decreed by PaulV. that all the Inquifitors fhould be admonifhed tbL
command the Confeffors, to abftain from all and every fort of Solicitation,
and to proceed rigoroufly againft all thofe who did not. And finally,1
there is extant a Conftitution oi Gregory XV. publifhed Aug. 30. 1622.'
in which he confirms the Letters or Bull of Paul IV. and commands it to
be firmly and inviolably obferved, not only in the Kingdoms of Spain, but
in all other Parts ofthe Chriftian World. An8l becaufe the Words of that
Bull about the Middle of it, Whatfoever Perfons, and whofoever they pall
be which they folicite, are general, from this Generality of the Words they
conclude that they extend alfo to Confeffors, who folicite Boys in the Sa
cramental Confeffion,
The Incontinence ofthe Priefts gave Occafion to thefe Edicts and
Bulls, viz. becaufe, as the Words are in the Bull of Paul IV- Certain
Priefts in the Kingdom of Spain, and in the Cities and, Dioceffes thereof,
having Cure of Souls, or exercifing fuch Cure for others, or Otherwife de
puted to hear -the Confefftons bf Penitents, have broken out into fib heinous an
Iniquity, as iv abufe the Sacrament of Penance in the very AB of hearing
Confeffions, and thus dr'e not afraid to injure this Sacrament itfelff and
him -who- hath appointed it, the Lord God and our Saviour J ejus Chrift, by
enticing and provoking, er trying and procuring to entice and provoke peni
tent Womento lewd ABions^ whilft they are hearing their Confeffion. "
When this Bull was firft brought into Spain, all Perfons were com
manded by a publick Edict, folemnly publifhed throughout all the
Churches of the Archbifhoprick pf Seville, that whofoever knew or had
heard of any Monks or Clergymen, who had abufed the Sacrament of
Confeffion to thefe Crimes, or had in any manner acted in this vile Man
ner at Confeffion with their Daughter or Daughters, they fhould difcover him

The ftfaory of the I NQUISITION. \6?
him within thirty Days to the Holy Tribunal ; and very grievous Cen
fures were annexed to fuch as fhould neglect or contemn it. When the
Decree was publifhed, fo large a Number of Women went to the Palace
of the Inquifitors in the- City of Seville only, to make their Difcoveries
of thefe moft wicked Confeffprs, that twenty Secretaries, with as many
Inquifitors, were not fufficient to take the Depofuions of the Witneffes.
The Lords Inquifitors being thus overwhelmed with the Multitude of
Affairs, afligned another thirty Days for the Witneffes ; and when this
was not fufficient, they were forced to appoint the fame Number a third
and a fourth time. For as to Women of Reputation, andothers of higher
Condition, every Time was not proper for them to apply to the Inquifi
tors. On one hand their Confcience forced them to a Difcovery throu?h
a fuperftitious Fear of the Cenfures and Excommunication ; and on the
other hand, their Regard to their Hufbands^ whom they were afraid to
offend, by giving them any ill Sufpicion of their Chaftity, kept them at
home ; and therefore veiling their Faces after the Spanip Cuftom, they
went to the Lords Inquifitors, when, and as privately, as they could.
Very few, however, with all their Prudence and Craft, could efcape the
diligent Obfervation of their Hufbands at the Time of Difcovery, and
hereby poffeffed their Minds with the deepeft Jealoufy. However, after
fo many had been informed againft before the Inquifitors, that Holy
Tribunal, contrary to all Mens Expectations, put a Stop to the Affair,
and commanded all thofe Crimes which were proved by legal Evidence.;
to be buried in eternal Oblivion.
Women thus folicited are admitted to prove this Offence, vis;. If the
Woman be of an approved Life, and the Confeffor be given to the Sins
of the Flefh ; but not if the Woman be feandalouSi and a Whore ; and
if they do not appear voluntarily before the Inquifitors; but are forced
by their Confeffors, upon their Refufal to abfolve them, unlefs they dif
cover the evil Confeffor. Hence it .comes to pafs, that the Depofition of
feveral Women is not fufficient for the Conviction of a Confeffor. Thus
Carena reports, that by Order of the Sacred Congregation of the Su
preme Roman Inquifition, a Parifh Prieft at Naples was- not accounted as
convicted,, though feveral Women depofed that he had folicited them,
moft of whom he had attempted by Touches and Signs, and one by
Words. He was only tortured by Order of the fame Congregation , and,
confefling nothing, fufpended for a Year from his Cure.
However, the Depofition of a Woman only is not fufficient Proof for
the Apprehenfion of Torture of the Confeffor, unlefs he himfelf hath a
bad

166 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
bad Character, becaufe they never proceed to torture, unlefs the Crime*
be half proved. So that, as they teach, fince two Women are not enough
to make a full Proof, one cannot be fufficient for the half Proof*
But if the Crime" be half proved, the Confeffor may be tortured, to
make him confefs the Act. If he confeffes it, or is fully convicted of it,
and denies an heretical Intention, he is to be tortured as to his Intention,
viz. to difcover whether he believed, that it was lawful to abufe the Sa
crament of Penance to lafcivious Actions, and to ufe the Sacrament as a
Means to obtain fuch Purpofes.
In Spain thefe foliching Confeffors are only lightly fufpected, becaufe
the Spaniards confider it rather as proceeding from Luft, than an Inten
tion to abufe the Sacrament pf Penance. But in Italy they are vehe
mently fufpected ; and therefore whereas in Spain they abjure only .as
lightly fufpe&ed, in Italy they abjure as vehemently. So Carena gives
an Inftance of a certain Confeffor in one of the Cities belonging to the
Territories of Cremona, who abjured as lightly fufpected for this Crime
of Soliciting, but was forced to abjure again as vehemently fufpected at
Cremona, by Order of the Supreme Tribunal of the City of Rome.
Befides falutary Penances, fuch as Faftings, Prayers, and the like, fuch
Confeffors are ufually condemned to the Gallies for five or feven Years, to
perpetual Imprifonment ; yea, fometimes at the Pleafure only of the Car
dinals Supreme Inquifitors, they may be delivered over to the Secular
Arm, as the Conftitution of Gregory XV. plainly directs. They are alfo
to be fufpended for ever from hearing Confeffions, to be deprived of their
Benefices, Dignities, active and paffive Vote, at the Pleafure of the In
quifitors. Such Confeflbrs as are Regulars, may alfo be enjoined to be
in the laft and loweft Place amongft the Regulars of their Monafteries.
Sometimes the Inquifitors muft command, that the Sentence againft a
Regular Confeffor fhall be read publickly in the next general Chapter of
their Religion, as a Terror and Example to others.
Yea, fometimes, according to the Heinoufnefs of the Offence, a more
grievous Punifhment is inflicted. John Stock, Notary of the Apoftolick
Rota, relates, in a Letter written at Rome, OBober 8. 1564. to J.Henfi
berg, a Divine of Cologn, a remarkable Inftance of this. Thefe Wretches
of ours are not fo Holy as they appear. They walk in the Likenefs of Sheep,
but within are ravening Wolves, and their pretended SanBity is a double
Iniquity. They are under the Influence of a firong Ambition. The Vene
tians ordered one of them to be burnt alive, by Command of the Pope. He
bad been Father Confeffor tojbme Nuns in the Dominions of Venice, and had

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 167
tutd got twelve of them with Child, amongft whom the Abbefs and two others
had Children in one Tear. As he was cord effing them, he agreed with them
about tbe Place, Manner, and Time of lying with them. All were filled
with Admiration and Aftoniflment, taking the Man for a perfeB Saint, be
iadfo great a Shew of Sanhity in his very Face. Epifiad Belgas, Cent. I-
Ep. 66.

CHAP. X.
Of Blasphemers.
THERE are two Sorts of Blafphemers. Some who do not utter
heretical Blafphemies, who do not belong to our Hiftory j and
others who throw out Blafphemies that are heretical, and who are therer
fore fubject to the Judgment of the Inquifitors. J, Roy as argues con
cerning them in this manner. " 'Tis very often a Matter of Doubt in
" the Court of the Inquifition, what Blafphemies may be faid to be he-
" retical, to make the Cognifance of them belong to the Inquifitors.
" But; according, to the common Cuftom, and agreeable to Law and
*' Reafon, thefe Words are heretical, / deny God, I do not believe in God.
*' In Spanip, Difcreo de Dios,, reniego de Dios, o reniego de la fe, o de la
" cruz, 0 Crifma, a que teng o en la'trente, o reniego de lapuridad de
" nuejlra J'enora, i. e. I do not believe in God, I deny God, or I deny the
" Faith, or the Crofs, or the Chrifm, which I have received in my Fore-
** head, or I deny the Virginity of our Lady. Thefe Words are faid to
" be heretical Bkfphemies, and the Inquifitors have'Cognifance of them,
<c becaufe they have an Infidel Signification, and a Denial of the Faith, and.
'*' are directly oppofed to a Confeffion of the Faith. But other Blafphe-
" mies, viz. Peje a Dios, por vida de Dios, voto a Dios> malgrado ay a
"" Dios, 0 dejpecho de Dios, and the like, /'. e. lei it trouble God, by tbe
** Life -of God, I vow to God, God's Curfe on you, or God fpite you, are
ff not heretical, becaufe not oppofed to a Confeffion of the Faith,, al-
**3 though they ate absolutely Blafphemies. The Punifhment of thefe
*¦ belongs to the ordinary Judges. \xs Italy alia, 'tis not reckoned -Blaf-
*' phemy: If any one fays, Al corpo di Uio, o dira vel putana di Difr
¦*' becco; vel al difpetto di Chrifiophero, or putana delta virgine Giovanna-,
v i. e. Body of God, or he will jay, &,C. or injpiieof St. Chrifiopher ; or the
"*• Whofe of the Virgin Joan,.
t-..-AO J' >Xi*

f6S The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
... 'Tis difputed amongft the JDoctors whether this be Blafphemy, Aldif-
j>etto, che non. vo dir di dio ; or, putana, che no vo dir della V. M. Infpite,
¦.not meaning God; or Whore, not meaning the Virgin Mary ; which fome
deny, and others affirm. But thefe are.; accounted heretical Blafphemies!:
'Dio partefatto^ & putana della Virgine,\. e. The Whore ofthe Virgin, ^ al
though the' Word Mary is not pronounced ; as is alfo this ; Dio becco
¦diavolo, if pronunced by any one who is accuftomed to utter heinous
Blafphemies againft God. — According to Roy as, - " Heretical Blafphemy,
" though fpoken conditionally, is to be. punifhed by the Inquifitors of
" the Faith ; as for Inftance, I do not believe in God, unlefs I will firike
" you. Becaufe this conditional Blafphemy contains in it a pure affirma-
<c tive Implicitenefs, viz. that if be could not kill him without not be-
" lievingin God, he was prepared willingly *o do fo. They alfo pro-
" ceed very feverely againft, an execrable Cuftom that hath crept into the
" Kingdoms of Arragon and Valencia, viz, of fwearing by the Members
" of God, which is greatly blafphemous ; and by the Members of Chrift^
"<c which is great Irreverence, and from, both thefe there arifes great Siif-
^c picion of Herefy.
Thefe Blafphemies, according to the Quality of the Words and Pen-
fons, and the Circumftances of Times and Places, are efteemed more or
lefs wicked and horrible. Pegna " thinks thofe are to be reckoned a-
" mongft the greateft, which are uttered againft the moft 'Holy Mary,
" Virgin Mother of God. And. altho' Blafphemers regularly think differ
" rently in their Mind from what they fay, yet they belong to the Judg-
" ment of the Inquifitors, becaufe by blafpheming they are thought to
" put on the Perfon of one who thinks agreeable to what he himfelf had
" fpoken ; and fince by the external Act they give fome Token of Infir
" delity, therefore, certain Blafphemies are fubject to the Jurifdiction of
<c the Judges ofthe Faith, that they may underftand, whether Blafpher
" mers do reafly think as they fpeak."
Heretical Blafphemers are punifhed in this Manner by the Inquifitors.
If the Blafphemy be very heinous, and the Blafphemer a mean Perfon,
he is made to wear an infamous Mitre, hath his Tongue tfed, and pinch
ed with an Iron or Wooden Gag, is carried forth as a publick Spectacle
without his Cloak, whipt with Scourges, and banifhed. But if he be a
Perfon of better Condition, or Noble, he is brought forth without the
Mitre, thruft for a Time into a Monaftery, and punifhed with a Fine,
In fmaller Blafphemies they are dealt with more gently at thePfeafure o/
the Inquifitors', w'z. the Blafphemer is condemned to ftand, during Divine
Service,

Tbeiffltotj 'pf the. I N 'QU I S I T I ON. 1^9
Service, upon fome Holiday or other, with his Head naked, without his
Cloak, and Shoes, his Feet naked, a Cord tied round him, and holding
a burning Wax-Taper in h'rs Hands/ Sometimes alfo they fqueeze his
Tongue with a Piece of Wood. After Divine Service is over, his Sen
tence is read;' by which he" is enjoihed Failings, and a Fine.
This Punifhment, however, doth not take place as to a Clergyman,
as Carena obferves. Fo^ if a Clergyman Was to appear without his Shoes,
.and with an Halter about his Neck, and thus ftand at the Gates of fhe
Church before the Pepple, . the Clerical. Order, .and the Miniftry of the
Clergy,; would fuffer Pifgrace ; and it would . become the Wonder and
evil Example to die Laity, if the bkfpherning Clergy were thus expofed.
He adds, that he never faw this Punifhment inflicted by this Tribunal
on noble Perfons, who, altho' they are not to be more mildly punifhed
for their Nobility, yet may be excufed from fuch Punifhments which do
of themfelves render Perfons infamous, and receive other Punifhments in
the room of them. , ¦¦-,,.
And becaufe fuch who accuftom themfelves to blafphetfte, though they
do it in Paffion, are vehemently fufpected of Herefy, they are forced to
abjure as thus fufpected Thus Diana relates, that in the Inquifition in
Sicily, two Blafphemers were made publickly to abjure, as vehemently
fufpected, Dec. 1 6. 1633. in the Prefence of the Judge himfelf. But in
fmaller Blafphemies, becaufe they are but lightly fufpected, they only
abjure as fiich.
But in thefe Cafes the Inquifitors moftly act according to their own
Pleafure, who have an ample Power of judging according to the Na
ture and Heinoufnefs of the Crimes. Gonj'alvius tells us of a certain Per
fon who had a Quarrel with a Clergyman of Ecya, a City in Spain, who
accidently faid, in the Hearing of others, that he could not believe that
God would come down into the Hands of fo profligate an Adulterer.
The Vicar of the Ordinary fined him for the Speech. But the Clergy
man, not contented with this Revenge, afterwards accufed him of Blaf
phemy at the Tribunal of the Inquifitors. at Seville. Nor did the Fine
to which he was before condemned by the Ordinary^ prevent his being
taken UP hy Command of the Inquifitors, imprifoned for a whole Year,
brought out in Triumph without Cloak or Hat, carrying a Wax-Candle
in his Hand, his Tongue gagged with a wooden Gag, thus to punifh his
Blafphemy ; and being forced to abjure as lightly fufpected, he was fin$d
a fecond time. Z CHAP.

170 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
CHAP. XL
0/*DiviNERs, Fortune-Tellers, WAstrologers. ,
FOrtune-Tellers and Diviners are diftinguiflsed. For there are feme
who act merely by the Art of Divination ; fuch as tell Fortunes by
looking into the Palms of the Hand, and Judiciary Aftrologers. Others
who exercife Divination by Lots, with the Addition of fome heretical
Word or Fact : As if any one in telling Fortunes about Sweethearts, fhould
deny God and the Sacraments of the Church ; or fhould mingle any of
the Sacraments of the Church with his Fortune-telling, or thofe Things
which the Divines call Sacramental ; as if he fhould baptize Images, te-
baptize a Child, or Only anoint him with Holy Oil, or incenfe the Head
of a Perfon dead, or do any of the like Things to divine future Things,
or ufe a Candle and Holy Water to difcover ftolen Goods. All thefe
Things render the Doer fufpected ; for unlefs he had believed filch Sacra
ments or Sacramentals had fome Virtue to effect fuch evil Operations, he
would not have ufed them for this Purpofe. So that the Inquifitors take
diligent Care to interrogate them concerning their Belief, and -if they
deny the Intention, they are tortured ; and if they do riot eonfefsj they
may be made to abjure as vehemently fufpected. They may alfo be-pu*.
nifhed with Excommunication, Sufpenfion of Dignities, Whipping, Ba
nifhment, Imprifonment in Monafteries, and other Punifhments,. accord
ing to the Quality of the Perfofis. They may alfo be publickly brought
forth Wearing the infamous Mitre, or be difgracefully tied to a Ladder
near the Gates of the Church, and be banifhed from the Diocefe;
As to Judiciary Aftrologers, their Art is generally condemned as fuper-
ftitious. But there is one Species of it, whieh the Doctors pronounce
•erroneous and heretical,, viz. that which profeffes to foretel the Myfte-
ties of our Faith by the Stars. In hke manner they are condemned as.
rafh Aftrologers,, who pretend they are able to foretel by the Stars cer
tain Things concerning the State of the Church, Life or Death, br the
Aflumptionof the Chief Pontiff. Pope Urban VIII. by a Conftitution,
publifhed^. 1. 103 k hath appointed, that Judiciary Aftrologers/ who
imake Judgments concerning the State of the Chriftian Republick, or
Apoftolick See, or the Life of the Roman Pontiff,, or his- Kindred* or
who, when made, keep them in their own Poffeffipn, or fhew them to
other Sj,

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 17*
others, or fpeak of them by Words, befides the Punifhment of Excom
munication which they fhall, ipjb jure, incur, fhall be puniflied with
Death as guilty of High-T reafon, Cpnfifcatipn of Effects, and that if they
are ofthe Clergy, they fhall be punifhed with Deprivation of their Bene
fices and Offices, -If
We have alfo Inftances of very grievous Punifhments inflicted on thefe
Judiciary Aftrologers, ope pf which may be feen in Bzovius, under the
Year 1327. Bzovius his Words are, " Francis Afculanus was thrown iji-
" to Prifon at Florence, and burnt, being by Name convicted of Blafphe-
'•' mies, Herefy, and Judiciary Aftrology ; as alfo of other damned Arts,
c< and was condemned by the Inquifitors of the Faith." After this he
fubjoins a Catalogue of the Crimes objected to him, from which it ap
pears, that moft of them were taken from Judicial Aftrology.

CHA P. XII.
Of Witches.
WITH thefe Fortune-Tellers, are properly joined Witches or Hags,
which in Italy they commonly call Strigice, from their Refem-
blance to the Scritch-Owl, a Night and troublefome Bird, becaufe they
are reported to deal in their Witchcraft principally at Night, and to fuck
the Blood of Infants. Others call them Sorcereffes, Charmers, and the
like. They are faid to have been a Sect of People, principally Women,
who arofe in Italy in the Year 1400. They gather together in certain
Places near Towns and Villages, at particular Times, and efpecially the
Night preceding Friday, when the Devil appears to them in a vifible hu
man Shape. When they enter into this Gang, they firft, and before all
Things, do, by the Devil's Command, deny their holy Faith and Bap-
tifm, the Lord God, and the Bleffed Virgin Mary, and after this, trample
under their Feet on the Ground, a Crofs made by one of the Witches.
After this, they promife Allegiance betvyeen the Hands of the Devil,
taking him for their Lord, and promife Obedience to him in all Things.
As a Token of all this, they put their Left-hand behind their Back, and
touch the Devil's Hand, and offer himfomewhat as a Mark of their Sub
jection. From henceforth they are faid to believe the Devil to be their
true Lord and God j and as often as they go to their nightly Affemblies,
Z 2 which

I7X The Hiftory of the IN tfU I S I T I O N,
which they call the Play of good Fellowfhip, they worfhip the Devil ap-
pearing in human Shape, and by bowingtheir Head profoundly down,
adore him as their true God. 'Tis reported of them, that they go to
this Affembly or Play, truly and corporally, when awake, and in their
perfect Senfes : If the Place be near they go on Foot; if diftant,r they
are carried by the Devil through the Air.
We think it unneceffary to perplex our Readers (who doubtlefs, tired
with their length, would have paffed them over) by the Addition of all*
that the Canonifts and DoBors of the Romifh Church have written- con
cerning the Practices oi Witches, judging it better to infer t fuch Relations
as we could pick up from Writers of Note amongft t-herii, in- order to fet '
this- Point in its true Light; and at the feme time to furnifti out fome
Entertainment to the Perufer.
Of this Kind is the following Hiftory, tranfcribed from a Spanip anony
mous Writer on this SubjeB, but mentioned and vouched for Truth -hy-
P aulus Grillandus> an Author of great Note, which will very fully fhew
what unaccountable Stories are ftill credited- mPopifh Countries, and how
ready they are to perfecute every old Woman to whom her Neighbours
give an ill Name, a Cuftom long exploded among wifer Nations.
In Italy there was a Woman, who through the Temptations of the
Devil, entered into the deteftatble Society of Sorcerers, and practifed-all
their Abominations-; fo that fhe went and came fo often from thofe
Affemblies,. that her Husband began to fufpect the Matter, arid charged
her with it, at the fame time promifing if fhe would confefs the Truth, he
would never divulge the Secret ; but flie, with many Oaths, and Protefta--
tions, deny'd her knowing of any fuch wicked Things. This Denial
did not fatisfy her Hufband ; he had. by Accident feen fome Actions which
convinced him, that his Sufpicions were too true, and therefore he re-:
folved to watch her more narrowly for the future. At laft, fome fmall
time after, he obferved, one Night, that the had locked, herfelf into a
little Chamber. He had madePeep-holesrin. every Roornin the Houfe, : fo
that he could plainly fee whatever was done in them.: He had not waited?
long, before he faw her anoint herfelf with a ftfange kind, of > Ointment,,
which fhe had no foonerdone, but he thought that fhe was transformed
into a Bird, and that fhe flew out at the: Window. He inftantly loft Sight of
her, tho' he had kept his Eyes-all the time moft intentively fixed upon her ;
whereupon, going, down Stairs, he found his, Street-door faft fhut, and
taking the Key out", he went to Bed,, exceedingly .amazed at what he
had feen. But what encreafed, his Surprize, yet more,. wa3s when he
awaked!

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 1 7 1
awaked in the Morning, he found his Wife lying by his Side. Upon this,
he again taxed her with having Skill in Sorcery, and fhe again with
Oaths protefted her Innocence. He bid her hold her Peace, for he had
feen plainly her whole Proceedings, and thereupon recounted fo her the
Particulars. This put her into great Confufion, yet fhe ftill perfifted,
with horrid Oaths, to deny every thing ; which fo much provoked her
Hufband, that, ftarting out of Bed, and taking a good Cudgel, he
thrafhed her Bones fo foundry, that he brought her to a full Confeffion,
on Condition, that he would forgive her, and never difelofe a Word of
it to any body ; which he having promifed, fhe revealed to him all the
fecret -Myfteries of her wicked and damnable Science. Which her Huf
band hearing, began to have a great Defire to fee the manner of their
Meetings^ if it 'could be done with Safety. She affured him it might,-
after fhe had obtained Satan's Leave. Things being thus agreed, at Nights
they both anointed 5 themfelves/ and were carried' to the wicked Affembly J
The Man having: gazed about him, and beheld diligently all the devilifh
Ceremoniesrvhai paffed, at length fate himfelf down at a Table with the-
reft, qh which was, placed great Variety of Meats, which feemed to the
Eye extremely fine and delicious ; but when he had tafted feveral of them,
he found' they had a veryunfavory Relifh ; upon which, he began to
call, for Salt, feeing there was none 'upon the Table, but none being
brought, he began to be very impo.tunate for it; at laft, one of the De~
vils; to pleafe him, "fet a Saltfeller oa the Table. The Sight of the Salt
made -the poor Man forget > his Wife's Admonition, which was, that he
fhould not mention one-Word that" was Good or Holy while he was in
that Company ; God blefs. me,cry"d. he,. I thought the Salt would, never have
cornel. Which Words he had no; fooner fpoken, but all that was there
vanifhed away; with a moft terrible Noife and Tempeft, leaving him in a.
Trance; out ©f which, asfoori ashe recovefed/hefound himfelf ftark-naked
in a Field, 'where he walked up and down in great Sorrow and Anguifb-
of Spirit till Day-light ; at which time he met fome Shepherds, of whom>
he enquired in what Country he was, and to his . great Grief he found,
by, their Anfwer, that he was above an hundred Miles from his oww
Houfe ;. to which, with nrauchcado, making the beft Shift he could, at
laft he returned, ;and gave* a full Account oi all that had happened be
fore the Inquifitors. Whereupon, his Wife, and many others, whom he
accufed, were apprehended, arraigned,, found guilty, and burnt,. The.

174* The Hiftory ofthe IN QU I SI T I ON.
The Second Inftance we fhall produce, is frorii the Works oi Almfo a
Caftro, a very celebrated Spatfjp. Divine; one of the DoMors in the Coun
cil oi Trent, and who is faid to have wtoie aswejl as any Catholick againft
Luther. The Paffage underwritten is taken ffom his Book, De jufta
punitione Heretic'orum, p. 95. and is a Defcription conformable to the,
Records of the Inquifition.
The firft time, fays he, that they, i. e. the Hags* prefent themfelves
before the Devil to do him Homage, they find him not in theLikenefs
of a Goat, but like a King oi great and royal Authority: They are
brought into his Pretence by other Devils, in Figure of Ram Goats, whom
they call Martinets : Moreover., the Reverence and Homage which they
do unto him, is not like to that which we ufe unto Princes, but corififts
in turning their Shoulders, and bowing down their Heads as low as they
can : He which is newly afiumpted into this Brotherhood, doth firft,
wickedly and abominably, blafpheme and renounce all the Holy Points
and Myfteries contained in the Cathplick Belief promifing unto the De
vil his faithful Service for ever, with many other execrable Ceremonies,
Vows, and Oaths, which he there ufeth. This being accomplifhed, they
mingle themfelves all together, and many Devils with them in the Like-
nefs of young Gendemen, and fome of beautiful Dames, where, without
Shame or Refpect, they fulfill in all Abomination their filthy Lufi<, and
beaftly Appetite : Of this Company, the far greater Part are Women, they
being, through Frailty, and Ignorance, readier! to be deceived by the De
vil, and apteft thereunto, through the Luft of the Flefh. Thefe Wo
men are called Lamia, and S friges ; becaufe Lamia is a moft cruel Beaft,
which hath the Heart of a Woman, and the Feet of a Horfe ; and Striges
is a Bird that flyeth by Night, making great Shrieking and Noife : If it can
get into any Place where Children are, it fucketh out their Blood; for
which Reafon, the Sorcerers are alfo called Striges, becaufe they work the
feme Effect, fucking out the Blood of Men, when by any Means they
may, efpecially that of little Children.
To thefe Narrations, that we may as much as poflibly relieve the Minds
of our Readers, by intermixing thofe wonderful Marks of Credulity which
are left us by Authors of fome Reputation, we have thought .fit- to add
two moft extraordinary Hiftories, copied by the Learned Doctor Henry
More, fro pi the Preface of Weinriehius, a Silefian Phyfician, to a Trea-r
tife compofed by thp Famous Picus de Mirandula, bearing the Title of
fStrix,five de Ludificatione Damonum ; which we the rather mention, be
caufe

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 17*
caufe in our own Time the fame Thing has been faid to happen in that
Country, and Putiipment been decreed againft the Dead.
A certain Shoemaker in one of the chief Towns of Silefia, in the Year
159-1. September 20. on a Friday betimes in the Morning, in the further-
moft Part of his Houfe, where there was adjoining a little Garden, cut his
own Throat with his Knife. The Family, to cover the Foulnefs of
the Fact, and that no Difgrace might crime upon his Widow, gave
-out, that he died of an Apoplexy, declined all Vifits of Friends and
Neighbours, and in the mean time got him wafhed, and laid Linen fo hand-
fomely about him, ' that even they that faw him afterwards, as the Par-
fon, and fome others, had not the leaft StffpictOri., but that he dy'd of
that Difeafe-, and fo he had hOneft Burial, with a Funeral Sermon, and
other Circumftances, becoming one of his Rarik and Reputation. Six
Weeks hadnot paffed, but fo flrong a Rurriour broke out, that he dy'd
not of any Difeafe, but -had laid violent Hands upon himfelf,, that the
Magiftracy of -the Place could not but bring all thofe that had feen the
.Corps, to a ftrict Examination. They fhriffled off the Matter as well
:as the'y could -at firft, with many fair Apologies, in behalf of theDe-
ceafed, to remove all Sufpicion of fo heinous ari Act : But it being preffed
mofe home to their Conferences, at laft they confeffed that he died a vio
lent Death, but defired their Favour and Clemency to his Widow and
Children, whoWere in1 no Fault ; adding alfo; that it was uncertain, but
that he might be flain by fome external Mifhap, or, if by himfelf, in
fome irrefiftable Fit of Frenfy or Madnefs. Hereupon, the Council deli
berated what was to be dose ; which the Widow hearing, and fearing
they might be determining forriething harfh, and to the Difcredit of her
Hufband, arid herfelf ^ being alfo animated thereto by fome Bufy-bodies,
makes a great Complaint againft thofe that raifed thefe Reports of her
Hufband, arid refolved to follow the Law upon them, earneftly conterid-
ing, that thefe was no Reafon, upon mere Rumour, and idle Defamations
ef malevolent People, that her Hufband's Body fhould be digged up,
or dealt with as. if he had been either a Magician, or Self-Murtherer-i
Which Boldnefs and Pertinaey of the Woman, tho' after the Confef-
fion of the Fact, did in fome meafure work upon the Council, and put
them to a Standi
But while1 thefe ThingsWere in Agitation, to the Aftonifhmerit of the
Inhabitants of the Place, there appears a SpeBrum in the exact Shape and
Habit of the Deceafed^and that not only in the Night^but at Midi-day. ,
Thofe that Were afleep it testified with horrible Vifions ; thofe. that were
waking

¦• iy6 ,2 lx Hiftory; of the \ M-QUI S I TtQ'N-
? .waiving k would ftrike, pu$, or: pref*,. lying heavy 1 upon them Ilk© an
Ephialtes ; fo that there was; perpetual Cp^apla in ts- every Morning of their
kft Night's Reft, through die whole Town : ,But 'the more Freaks this
Spectrum playd, the jmpre diligent were the Friends.- of the Deceafed to
fuppref^ihe Rumours of them, or at leaft to hinder the..: Effects of thofe
Rumours.; and ^therefore made; thei^ Addreffes to; the Prefident, com
plaining, how unjuft * thing it , was, that fp, much Credit fhould -he
given to idle Reports^ and blind Sufpicions j , and . therefore befeeehed
him, that he would hinder the Council irqrh digging up the Corps of the
Deceafed, and from all ignominious Ufageof him :,- Adding alfo, that
the, intended to appeal to-thes Emperor's Court, that their Wifdoms
might rather decide the Controverfy, then diat the Caufe fhould' be de
termined from the light .Conjectures of malicious Men.
But while by this Means the Bufinefs was ftill protracted, there were
fuch Stirs and Tumults all over the Town, that they are hardly to be de-
fcribed : For no fooner did the Sun hide his.; Head, but this SpeBrum
would be fine to appear, fo that every body was fain to, look about them,
and ftand upon their Guard,- which was a fore Trouble to thofe whom
the Labours of the Day made more fenfible of the want oi Reft in the
.Nighty for this ternhle Apparition would, fometimes ftand by their Bed-
fides, fometimes caft itfelf upon the midft of their Beds, would lie clofe
to them, and pinch them, that not only blue Marks, but plain Impref-
fions of his Fingers, would be upon fundry Parts of their Bodies in the
Morning: Nay, fuch was;the Violence and Iriipetupufnefs of this Ghoft,
that when Men forfook their Beds, and kept in their Dining-;RGorn£
with Candles lighted, and many of them in Company together, the betr
ter to fecure themfelves from Fear and Difturbance, yet he would then
appear to them, and, have a Bout with fome of them, notwithftanding
all this Provifion againft it. In brief, he was fo troublefome, that the
People were ready to forfake their Houfes, and feek other Dwelfingsj
and the Magiftracy fo awakened at the perpetual Complaints of them,
that at laft they refolved, the Prefident agreeing thereto, todig up the Body.
He had lain in the Ground near eight Months^ viz. from September p.2,
to April 18. 1592. when he was dug up, which was in the Prefenpe of
the Magiftracy of the Town. His Body was found entire,, not audi putriT
fied,nor no ill Smell about him, favingthe Muftinefsof th^Grave-Cloaths •
bis Joints limber and flexible, as in thofe that are alive, his Skin only
flaccid, but a more frefh grown in the room of it, the Wound of his Throat
&Pm%> but no Corruption in it; there was alfo found a Magical j\Iark

in

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 177
in the great Toe of his right Foot, viz. an Excrefcency in the Form of
aRofe. His Body was kept out of the Earth from April 18, to the
24th i at which time many, bpth of the fame Town, and others, came
daily to fee him. Thefe unquiet Stirs did not ceafe for all this, which
they after attempted to appeafe, by burying the Corps under the Gal
lows, but in vain ; for they continued as bad as ever, if not worfe, he
now not fparing his own Family ; infomuch, that his Widow at laft
went herfelf to the Magiftrates, and told them, that fhe fhould no lon
ger be againft it, if they thought fit to fall upon fome Courfe of more
ftrict Proceedings, touching her Hufband.
Wherefore, the Seventh of May hewasdug up again, and it wasob-
fervable, that he was grown more fenfibly flefhy fince his laft Interment.
To be fhort, they cut off the Head, Arms, and Legs of the Corps, and
opening his Back, took out his Heart, which was as frefh and intire as a
Calf s new killed., , Thefe, together with his Body, they put on a Pile
of Wood, and burnt them to Afhes, which they carefully fwept toge
ther,- and put into a Sack, that none might get them for wicked Ufes,
and poured them into a River, after which the SpeBrum was never feen
more. The fame thing happened iri his Maid, who died fome time after him.
She appeared within eight Days after her Death, to her Fellow-Servant,
and lay fo heavy upon her, that fhe brought a great Swelling into he?
Eyes. She fo grievoufly handled a Child in the Cradle, that, if the Nurfe
had not come in to help him, he had been quite fpoiled ; but fhe crof.
fing herfelf, and calling upon the Name of J ejus, the SpeBre vanifhed.
The next Night fhe appeared in the Shape of an Hen, which when one
of the Maids of the Houfe took to be fo indeed, and ^followed her,
the Hen grew into an immenfe Bignefs, and prefently caught the Maid
by the Throat, and made it fwell, fo that fhe could neither well eat nor
drink for a good while after.
She continued thefe Stirs for a whofe Month, flapping fome fo fmart-
ly, that the Strokes were heard by them that ftood by ; pulling the Bed
alfo, from under others, and appearing fometimes in one Shape, fome
times in another ; as, of a Woman, of a Dog, of a Cat, and of a Goat.
But at laft, her Body being dug up, and burnt, the Apparition was ne
ver feen more. -
Thefe Things were done at Brefiau in Silefia, where this Weinrichius
then lived; which makes the Narration more .confiderable. The con-*
A a cealing

178 The Hiftory of tie I N QU I S I T I ON.
cealing the Names of the Parties, I Conceive, was by way of Civility to
the deceafed Towrifman's Widow, and their Family.
The other Story he fetsdown, viz. Weinrichius, he is not the firft Pen
man Pf, tho' the Things were done in his Tithe, and as I conceive, fome
while after what was before related, as a Paffage in the Narriation feerhs
to intimate ; but he tranferibed it from one that not only dwelt in the
Place, but was often infefted with the noifome Occurfions of that'trou-
blefome Ghoft, that did fo much Mifchief to the Place where he: dwelt.
The Relation is fomewhat large ; I fhall bring it into as narrow a Com-
pafsaslcan. V-^"*
: Johannes Cuntius, a Citizen of Pentfch in Silefia, near fixty Years' of
Age, and one of the Aldermen of the Town, very fair in- his Carriage^
and uriblameable, to Mens thinking, in the whole Courfe of his Life,
having been fent for to the Mayor's Houfe (as being a < very underftand-
ing Perfon, arid dexterous1 at the Difpatch of Bufinefs) to end .fome
Controverfies,. concerning certain Waggoners, and a 'Merchant oiPan-
nonia, having made an End of thofe Affairs^he wa<s invited by. the Mayor
to Supper : He gets Leave firft, to go home tP order fome Bufinefs,
leaving this Sentence behind h'ven, It is goo ft to be merry while .we .may,
for Mifchief s grow up faff enough daily. f
, This -Cuntius kept five lu'fty Geldings in his1 Stabfe; one' whereofvhe
fcommandedto be brought 'out, andrhis ShW being loofe, -had him tVd
to the next Poft ; - his Mafter/ with; a Servant, buffed themfelves totake up
his Leg to look on hisHoof; the Horfe being mad and metflefcrhe, ftruck
them both down ; but Cuntius received the greateft Share of- the Blow,
One that flood next by, helped them both up again;1 J Cunth(S fwag^no
foonerup, arid1 come to himfelf, but he cry 'dout, 'Wo is mi I how'. do f
burn, and am aU on Fire ! which he often repeated : ^©ut the Parts "he
complained of moft, the -Women being put out ofthe Room, when they
were fearched, no Appearance of any Stroke, or Hurt, was found u'pori
them. Tobelhort, he fell downright; fiekj and grieyoufly afflicted in
Mind, loudly complaining; that his Sins were fuch, that they were utter
ly, unpardonable, arid that the1 leaft Part of them were' bigger than' all
the Sinsof the -World befides ; -but would' have no Divine coTriefo him,
nor did partfeMarly* confers them to any. "EjSeveral Rumours, 'indeed, there
Were, that once he fold one of his Sons, but when, and to whom, it was
uncertain ; and that he had made-a Contract with the Devil,, 'and the like.i
but it was obferved,-ato &riowh for <kttaia,thatiie Had grown, beyond -all
Expectation^,

•;a;i!.:') B A

The Hiftory of the I N QUIS I T I O N. 179
Expectation, rich ; and that four; Days before this Mifcha nee, he being
Witnefs to a Child, faid, That that was the laft he fhould be ever Wit
nefs to.
The Night he dy'd, his eldeft Son watched with him. He gave up
the Ghoft abput the third Hour of the Night, at which time a black
Cat, opening the Cafement with her Nails, ran to his Bed, and did fo
violently fcratch his Face, and the Bolfter where he lay, as if fhe
endeavoured by Force to remove him Out of the Place : But the Cat
afterwards, was fuddenly gone ; and fhe was no fooner gone, but he
breathed his laft. A fair Tale was made to the Paftor of the Parifh, and
the Magiftrates: of the Town allowing it, he was buried on the Right-
fide of the Altar, his Friends paying well for it No fooner was Cuntius
dead, but a great Tempeft arofe, which raged moft at his Funeral, there
being fuch impetuous Storms of Wind, with Snow, that it made Mens
Bodies quake, and their Teeth; chatter in their Heads. But fo foon as he
was interred, of a fbddeh, all was calm.
He had not been dead above a Day or t\yo, but feveral Rumours were
{bread in the Town of a Spiritus Incubus, or Ephialtes, in the Shape of
Cuntius, that would have forced a Woman. This happened before he
was buried. After bis BuriaL the fame Spectre awakened one that was
fleeping vn bis Dining- Room,, faying; I can fcarce with-hold myfelf froni
beating thee to death u The Voice was the Voice of Cuntius. The Watch
men of the Town alfo affirmed, that they heard every Night great Stiri
in Guntius's Houfe ; the falling, and throwing of Things about ; and that
they did fee the Gates ftand wide open, betimes in the Mornings, tho*
they were never fo diligently fhut o'er Night ; that his Horfes were ve
ry unquiet in the Stable, as if they kick'd and hit one another ; befides
unufual Barkings and Howlings ofthe Dogsall oyer the Town. But thefe
were but pfeludious Sufpicions to farther Evidence, which I will run
over as briefly as I can.
A Maid-Servant of one of the Citizens: of Penifih (while thefe Tra
gedies and Stirs, were fo frequent in. the Town) heard, together with
fome others lying in their Beds, the Noife and Tramplings of one riding
about the- Houfe, who; at laft ran againft the Walls with that Violence,
that the whole Houfe i£haked, as ,if it would fall, and the Windows
Were all filled with.Flafhes of Lightning. The Mafter of the Houfe
being informed of it, .went out of Dpors in the Morning to fee what
was the Matter, and he beheld "in the Snow the ' Impreffions of ftrange
A ,a 2 Fear;

i8o The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N,
Feet, fuch as were like neither Cows, nor Horfes, nor Hogs, nor any1
Creatures that he knew.
Another time, about Eleven of the Clock in the Night, Cuntius ap-'
pears to one of. his Friends, that was £ Witnefs to a Child of his, fpeaks
unto him, and bids him be of good Courage, for he came only-to-eom-;
municate unto him a Matter of great Importance. I havre left behind
me, faid he, my youngeft Son James, to whom, you- are Godfather. Now
there is at my eldefi Son Stephen' j, a Citizen of 'Gegerdorf, a certain Cheft,
wherein I have put four hundred and fifteen Florins : This I fell you, that
your Godfon may . not be defrauded of any of them ; and it -is'y'oUr Duty to
look after it ; which if you negleB, wo be to you. Having faid this, the
Spectre, departed, and went up into the upper Rooms/ of the Houfe,
where he walked fo ftoutly, that all rattled again, and the- Roof fwagged
with his heavy Stampings. This Cuntius's Friend told to the Prafon of
the Parifh a Day or two .after, for a certain Truth.
But there are alfo feveral other notorious Paffages of this .Cuntius ; as
his often fpea'king to the Maid, that lay with her Miftrefs, his'Widow,
to give him place, for it was his Right; and if fhe would not give it
him, he, would wrink her Neck behind her.
His gallopping up and down like a wanton Horfe, in the Court of his
Houfe : His being often feen to ride not only in the Streets, but along the
Vallies of the Field, and on the Mountains, with fo ftrong a Trot that
he made the very Ground fiafh with Fire under him. ?.v
- His bruiting the Body of a Child of a certain Smith, and making
his very -Bones fo foft, that you might wrap the: Corps on Heaps like a
Glove. -. .
;-. His miferable tugging all Night with a Jew that had taken up his Inn
in the- Town, and tofling him up and down in the Lodgings where he
Jay> . .. .: : a
His dreadful accofting of a Waggoner, an old Acquaintance of his,
while he was bufy in the Stable, vomiting out Fire againft him, to ter
rify him, and biting of him fo cruelly by the -Foot, that he made him
lame. What follows, as I above intimated, concerns the Rekter' himfelf,
who was the Parfon of the Parifh, whom this Fury fo fqueezed and
preffed when he was afleep, that wakening, he found himfelf utterly
fpent, and his Strength quite gone, but could not imagine the Reafon:
But while he lay mufing with himfelf what the Matter might be, this
Spectre returns again to him, and holding him all over fo faft, that he
could

The. Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 1 8 1
could not wag a Finger, rowfedhimin his Bed. backwards and forwards
a good many times together. The fame happened ¦ alfo to his Wife
another time, whom Cuntius, coming -through the Cafement in the Shapd
of a little Dwarf, and running to her Bed- fide, fo wrung and pulledi as-
if hp would have torn her Throat out, had not her two Daughters come
in to help her. A
He preffed the, Lips together of one of this Theologers Sons fo, that
they could fcarce get them afunder. •£¦
a -His Houfe -was- fo generally diftuibed!with this unruly Ghoft j- • that-
the -Servants were forced to keep together a-Nights in one Room,; lyirig-
upon -Straw, arid watching the Approaches of this troufelefome Fiend :
But a Maid of the Houfe, being more courageous than the reft, would
needs one- Nights go to Bed, -and forfakc? her Company : Whereupon
Cuntius finding her alone, prefently aflaul-ts her, pulls away the Bedding,-
and would have Carried her away with him ; but fhe, hardly efcapifig;-
fled-to the reft of the Family,' where fhe efpy'd him ftanding by the
Candle, : and irrimediately after he vanifhed.
¦ Another time, about Evening, when this Minifter was fitting, with
his Wife and Children about him, exerci-fing himfelf in Mufick, accord
ing to his ufual Manner, a moft grievous Stink arofe fudderily, which
by degrees fpread itfelfrto every Corner of the Room. Hereupon, he
commends himfelf 'and his Family to God by Prayer. The Smell ne
verthelefs encreafed,' and became above all meafure peftilently noifome,
infomuch, that he was forced to go up to his Chamber. He and his
Wife had not been in Bed a quarter of an Hour, but they found the fame
Stink in their Bed-chamber, of which while they were complaining
to one another, out fteps, the Spectre from the Wall, and creeping to
the Bed-fide, breathes upon him an exceeding cold Breath, Of fo into
lerable ftinking and 'malignant a Scent, as is beyond all Imagination and
Expreflion. Hereupon the Theologer, good Soul! grew very ill, and
was fain to keep his Bed, his Face, Belly, and Guts, fwelling as if he had
been poifoned, ; whence he was alfo troubled wifha Difficulty of Breath
ings and with- a putrid Inflammation in his Eyes, fo that he could riot
well ufe them for a long timef after.
But taking Leave of the fiek Divine, if we fhould go back, and; re
count what we have omitted, it would exceed the Number of what we
have recounted. As for Example, the treiribling andfweating of Cuntius's
Gelding, from which he was riot free Night nor -Day ; the burning blue
of the Candles at the Appsoaches-ctf Cufitim'4-Ghio^ hitfdrinkirig- upHhe Milk

j&l The* Hiftory of the: INQUI S I TJ O N.
Milk in the Milk-bowls-; his flinging Dung into them, or turning Milk
to Blood ; his pulling up Pofts deep fet in the Ground, and fo heavy*
that twOilufty, Porters jcould not deal with them ; his difcourfing. with
feveral Men he met, concerning the Affairs of the Waggoners i his ftrang-,
ling of old Men ;<< his holding faft the Cradles of Children,, or taking them
out of them ; his frequent Endeavours to force Women; his defilirig.thei
Water in the Font, and fouling, the Cloth on the Akar, on thatSjdethat
hung towards his' Grave, with dirty bloody Spots ; his catching up Dogs
in jthe ¦ Streets, and knocking: their Brains out againft the Ground; his
fucking dry the Cows, and tying their Tails, like the Tail of an Hprfe';
his devouring of Poultry, and flinging of .Goats' bound into the.Rapksn
his tying of an Horfe to an empty Oat Tub in the Stable, to. ,- clatter ¦< up
and down with it, and the hinder Foot of another to his own Headrftall;
his looking out of Window from a low Tower, and then fuddenly chang
ing himfelf into the Form of a long- Staff; his chiding of a. Matron ion
fiiffering her Servant to wafh Difhes on a Thurfday, at which time he
laid his Hand upon her," and fhe faid, it felt more cold thai*; Ice ; his
pelting one of the Women that wafhed his Corps, fo forcibly, that the
Prints ofthe Clods he flung, were to be feen upon the Wall ; his atternpfri
ing to ravifh another, who excufing herfelf, and faying, My Cuntius,
thou fee ft how old, wrinkled, and deformed I am, and how. unfit for tjoofl
Sports, he fuddenly fet up a loud Laughter, . arid vanifhed.
« But we muft not infhton thefe- things ; only jwe will add one Paflage
more, that is not a little remarkable. * His Grave-Stone was turned on
one Side, fhelving, and there were: feveral Holes in the Earth, about the
Bignefsof Moufe- holes, that went down to his very Coffin ; which, how
ever they were filled, up wfth Earth oyer Night, yet they would be fure to-
be laid open the next Morning. ,
It would be a tedious Bufinefs to recite thefe Things at large, and prp-
fecute the Story in all its . particular Circumftances : To conclude there
fore, their Calamity was fuch, from the frequent Occurfions of, this reft-
lefs Fury, that there was none but pity'd.thern ; ng body would; lpdgcj
in their Town, Trading was decay 'd, and the Citizens knpoyef if&d -by
the continual Stirs and Tumults of this,. unquiet GhoIfiV
To befhort therefore, finding no' reft, nor being; able to excogitate any
better Remedy, they dug up Cuntius's Body, with feveral -others, buried
both before and after him: But thofe, bpth after, and before, were fp
putrify'd and rotten, their ScuUs broken, and the Sutures of them gapingi
that they were not to bft.JktfQ.wn by their Shape at all,, having become in

The Wiftdry of the 1 1 N-QU I S I T I O N: , 183
in a manner, but £ rude Mats' pf Earth and .'Dirt : But it was quite other-
wife in Cuntius"; hh Skin was tender and florid, hfs Joints not at all
"ftifry but limbsf arid moveable ; and a Staff being put into his Hand, he
grafpedit with his Fingers very faft ; his Eyes .alfo of themfelves, would
be one time open, and another time fhut ; they opened a Vein in his Leg,
and the Blood fprang ^out.as frefh as- in the Living ; his Nofe was entire,
and foil, not fharp, as in thofe that are ghaftly fick, jor quite dead : And
yetCuntius'* Body had lain in the Grave from February 8. to July 20,
which is almoft half a Year.
If was eafily difcernabfe whfere the Fault lay ; however, nothing was
done fafhly, but Judges being- conftituted, Sentence' was pronounced up-
On Cuntius's Carcafe, which (being1 a,nirhated thereto from Succefs in
the like Cafe, fome few. Years before, in this very Province Silefia, Ifiip-
pofe he mean? at Brefiau, where the Shoemaker's Body was burnt) they
adjudged to rife Fire. •
Wherefore, there were Mafons provided to make a Hole in the Wall
riearthe Altars tp'get His Body through, rwhich being pulled at with a
Rope, it wjis fo exceeding heavy, that the Rorfe broke, and they could
fcarce ttfr him ; but when they had pulled him through, and got him.
on a' Cart without, Cuntius s Horfpthat ftruck him (which was a lufty-
bodied Creature):was- appointed to draw it ; yet it put him to it fo, that
he. was ready to fall do\yn Very often, and was quite out of Breath with
fttvirigtbdraw fo intolerable \ Load ; who notwithftanding could run
away with two Men in the farne "Cart prefently after,, their Weight was
fo ihconfiderable to his Strength.
His Body,- when it yvzs brought to the Fire,, proved as unwilling to be
burnt,- as before to be drawn ; fo that the Executioner was forced -to. pull
him. put .with Hooks, and cut him into/Pieces ho make him burn; which
while he di<£ the Blood Was found fo. -.pure?, and fpiritous, that it fpirted
into his Face as. he cut him ; but at laft, not without the Expence of
two hundred and' fixteen great Billets, all was turned into Afhes : Which*
they carefully fweeping up" together, as in the foregoing Story ^ and cafiV
irigHhern into the River,; the' Spectre rreyer -more appeared.
'Tis .enquired, whether Witches, if they have cortfeffed the Murtherr
ef Children or Men, or any other Crimes to which the Puriifhment of
I$eath is ^nnexedby the Civil Laws, may be delivered over to the Secu—
Mr-Cojirtby.the Inquifitors grid other Judges^, altho.' they repent?: Some;
think, that rrotwifflftariding their Repentance, they ought not to be per-
\ peiually

1 84 The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I O N:
petually imprifoned as other Hereticks, but put to Death. But the
greater Number are of Opinion, that fuch of them who are willing
with a pure Heart to return to the Bofom of the Church, are to be rer
ceived. Becaufe the Caufe of Herefy hath nothing to do with murther-
ing Children, or other Crimes committed by Witches, the Cognifance of
which doth, not at all belong to the; Inquifitors. n And therefore they be
lieve the Judges of the Faith would do unjuftly, if they fhould deny to
thefe Wretches, when willing to repent, the Benefit of Mercy and Ab-
folution. But.if- thefe. Witches are firft taken up by the Secular Judges, for the
Murther of Infants, or any other Secular Crime, and when they are in
terrogated confefs Herefy, or any Thing that favours. of Herefy, of which
the Secular Judges have no Cognifance, and, upon account of this Con
feffion, are delivered over to the Inquifitors, in this Cafe when the Judg
ment concerning Herefy is finiflied, they teach that the Witch muft be
turned back to the Secular Judge, that he may finifh-tbe Procefs begun
for other Crimes by the Civil Laws. For in fuch a C^fe the Perfon: is not
fo properly faid to be left to the Secular Court, as to be reftored to his
former Judge, who, upon account of the Secular Crime, hath legal Ju
rifdiction over fuch Witch. And this Obferyation is, as they fay, accord
ing to the Conftitution of Pius V. whofe Words are thefe. Moreover,
let them, without any Delay, tranfmit all Perfons whatfoever, imprifoned for
any Offences, or by any Means whatfoever accufed- or denounced of any hei
nous Crimes, before the faid Office of the Inquifition, fiifpending the Cogni
fance of all other " inferior Crimes, to the faid Cardinals and Prifons ofthe
Inquifition, and there let them be kept till the full Cognifance and Difpatch
cf the Crime of Herefy, and afterwards fet them be fent back to the faid
Officials to expedite the Affair of their offer Crimes.
Yea, farther, the Ecclefiaftical Judges, if they have any legal Evidence,
that one of thefe Witches, imprifoned by the Secular Judge, is an He
retick, or fufpected of Herefy, may compel the Secular Magiftrate to de
liver her over to them to be judged for the Caufe of Herefy, and alfo to
exhibit the Proceffes. and any other Writings, in order to, their Under-
ftanding, whether there be any Thing contained in them relating to the
Faith, and which may help, the Judgment of the Inquifitors.1 If the
Magiftrate. refutes- it, they may compel hinp. to all this by the Ecclefiaftk
cal Cenfure,.. vfe. Excommunication, Sufpenfion and Interdict. Where
as the Secular Magiftrate cannot compel the Judge pf the Faith to deli*
ver up to him Criminals of either Sex, _-. who.' have -committed Secular
Offences,

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' ThtMifoy ]of the I N QUI S I T I O N.' ¥8 s
^Offences, dn order mprinlfh them according to the Civil Laws, becaufe
he hath nor Jurifdiction over the Ecclefiaftical Judge.' "But when the Eo-
.pjejlikftieal -Judge hath punifhed Offenders in his Tribunal, then the Se>-
^tlarjjuflge-maly punifh the fame Perfons -for -Grimes cbgnifable :in his
<£pnrfciv -dOThey fay there are two Ways of' difcovering thefe Witches. , The firft
is the Confeffion, and AccufationJ of tlieir Companions."- For as thefe
.Women know one another when they are metJat their Affemblies, they
are: able to; detect each other. But that 'fuch Accufations may gain Cre-
*4>f, 'tis neceffary that -feveral of 'them fepari rely, each riiakirig a Cori-
fdflien without thd other's Knowledge, do-afgree in the feveral Circum-
ilances of the Accufation, viz. as to the fa frig Perfon, Time, and Plac^j
andthatthey ckf feverally affirm the fame Thing before the Perfon ac"-
fufed, one after the other fepara-tely, without the other's knowing of it.
And yet at ther fame time 'they' confefs .themfelves,- that this fort of PrOof
is very uncertain, becaufe it may happen that the Devil ;may fometimes
ajflurne another Perforis 'Shape, and appear in thefe Affembl ids under that
Forth/ in order to render her infamous, though at the fame time fhemay
be entirely, innocent, and far from being concerned in fuch a^Crime. For
which Reafon they make ufe of -another Way, viz. Conjectures arid Pre-
ikmptionshtocdfitectcand difcovet them. l And of thefe they have feveral,
viz.Ktheir bewitching Children, caufing Diftempers, and other Harms, td
Men and ^Vomen, to Cattle, and the Fruits ofthe Earth/ the Grapes of
Vineyards* :and the Fruits of Trees. When therefore fkilful Phyficians.
by any Conjectures or Circumftances judge, that a Damage of this fort
doth not happen from; any natural Defect,- nor from any natural rintrin-
fick Caufe, but.'from'fomethifig-eXternal, and yet not from any venemous
Infection^ or when they fee any Difeafe to be incurable, fo that the fick
Perfon cannot be relieved by any Medicines or Remedies; but rather grows
ev£ryDay worfe andT worfe, this they think is a fufficient Proof that 'tis
the Efiecr.' of Witchcraft. In like manner, when any Men or Women,
whaL are ignorant of the Art of Phyfick, prevent the Effects offuch
Witchcraft^ and heal Difekfe&itHeyi fay 'tis a Sign that thefe Things are
done by the Co-operation of the Devil. • $'' - •-* A ^'"
,-¦> To this they add another Sign, which is greatly uncertain? ; When
fay they, any Perfon, whether in a QuarreLor not,' il&eateris another
aid fays, Becaufe you have done to me fo and fo, I will do fomething
to you that lhall' make you? know whether you have done well by me
or not ; or I will make you repent it ; or you fhall feetlie ift Effects of
.N°- 7. B b itj

1 88 The Hiftory of the 1 NQUJ S I T I O N.
gnd all extraordinary Things found under the Threfhold, and in the -Bed.
This Search muft be made by the Minifters ofthe Holy Office,; in' the
Pretence pf the Notary, before the Inquifitor. , Norie ofthe Family oi thp
Perfon accufed of Witchcraft muft be prefent.: And here they advifib,
that all unufual Things found in Beds are not to be looked on as a Token"
©f Witchcraft; for fome fuch" Things may naturally happen j: and there1-'
fore fuch Things can caufe but a very light Sufpiciop, unlefs. what they
find iri the faid Places are in themfelves, and, accoffddiig to the common
Ufe of Witches, fit to perform magical Operationki!.- As.for Inftaricey if
half of an human Skull is found in the Bed otortfihe Pillow of ; the Witch,
and another half, exactly anfwering to the; fbrfnef, is found, in her Cheffy
a very confiderable Sufpicion would from hence arife againft fuch Perfon,
as the prudent Judge fhall determine, and certainly greater than if no
fuch half Skull had been found at all. o Thefe and: other Things, too te
dious to fnention, the Inquifitor is commanded. to take prudent Notice
of, left he fhould proceed 'againft any Perfon as a Witch rafhly; and
without juft Caufe.

G'H A P. .XIII.
Of J e ws, and fuch as return to Jewifh Rites.
'HE Nation of the Jews, after tbeiDeftruction ofthe City and
ti. Temple of ' .Jerufalem, were, brought into miferable Bondage and
Captivity, arid 'difperfed throughout the whofe World, i Brit being im
patient of fheif Miferies, they have often "taken' up Arms, and endea
voured to affert their Liberties. I But having been fiibdued by moft grie
vous Slaughters, they have at length laid down their' Fiercenefsi, and are
forced to bear the Yoke. >) The Chriftians, partly through Fear: of the
Rage of che Jews, and. partly through an intemperate Zeal for Chriftia
nity, have endeavbnred eitiier wholly: to deftroy by various Miferies this
difperfed People, or to tire them out by the Grievoufnefs and Length of
their Miferies, ^nd thus i to- com pel them to profefs the ^Chriftian Faith.
Upon this account, various Edicts: have at different Times proceeded
againft the Jews. Some have profcribed them in the Countries where
they have lived ; ^others have" deprived them of their Liberties, and re
duced them to Slavery ; others ri^ve' ftripped them of thofe Advantages and

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 189
and Privileges which their other Subjects have enjoyed, that by thefe
Means they might at length be wholly extinguifhed, Or wearied out by
the Miferies they endured for their Judaifm, renounce it, and embrace
the Chriftian Religion. Very fevere Edicts have been made againft them,
efpecially in Spain, where a very large Number of them dwelt, and were
thought to endanger the Safety of the Kingdom.
« In the Sixth Council of Toledo this Decree was publifhed againft the
Jews. We the Holy Council, with the Confent of the Moft Chriftian Prince,
and his Nobles, and mofl Illuftrious Perfons, publip this Sentence, pleafirtg
to God, that whofoever pall enjoj the Kingdom for Time to come, pall not
afcendthe Royal Throne, before he^ hath promifed upon the Holy Sacraments,
that -h& will fuffer no Perfons but Catholicks to dwell in his Kingdom. And
if any one, after his Accejfion to the Kingdom, pall rafhly ^violate this Pro
mife, let him A? Anathema Maranatha before the Eternal God, and become
Fuel for the everldfting Fire ; and alfo all fuch who agree with him, Cati. 31.
Baronius, under the Year 638, fays this was principally decreed out of
Hatred to the Jews, and beftows great Praifes on it, and from hence
concludes, 'Tis not without- Reafon that the Kings of Spain have had the
-Title of Catbolick beftowed on them, being worthy of Jo high a Title, be
caufe they not only fwear that they will be Catholick themfelves, ¦ but that
they will not fuffer any one that is not a Catholick, to dwell in their large
Dominions. But notwithftanding this Decree^ a great ' many Jews re
mained in Spain, and foon encreafed to fuch a Number, that they be
gan to appear formidable to the Kings, and they were accufed, whether
Right or Wrong, of a Defign to raife a Rebellion. Upon which ac
count another Edict was made againft- them in the Seventeenth Council
oi Toledo, Can, I?.* Since thePerfidioufrlefs of the Jews hath hot' only de-
fihd the Coat of facred Chrifiian-Baptifm which they have received, but
alfo attempted to confjire againft the King and Kingdom ; let them be de
prived of '^all 'their EffeBs, and thofe perfidious Wretches themfelves, their
Wives and Children*, and the reft of their Pofterity, throughout- all the Pro
vinces of Spain, be fubjeB to perpetual Slavery, and- remain every where
difperfed ; Mhd let fuch who have- "made -Slaves of them, by ¦ no Means pef-
¦mtt them-toivelebvate their Ceremonies. Yet' ftill the Pofterity of the Jews
greatly multiplied in Spain.
In the mean while, the Romanifts contend t^iat the Jews ought not to
be -compelled by Force-to embrace the Chriftian - Religion againft their
Will,-- becaufe Religion ought to be voluntary j yea,f©-metimes-r.they havfc beent

a

riyo The Hiftory;^/ the I N QU I $1 T 1:0 N;
been protected by the Papal AuthPrity againft the Injuries of forne intern-
. perately zealous Chriftians,
.. The Papifts ahVfarther contend, that although they oblige: the Jews
in Spain and Portugal to. depart thence, unlefs they embrace the:Chriftiaa
.Religion, yet they dp by no Means force them to become Chriftians; and
therefore OJ'orius and Mariana blame King .Emanuel, who kept the
younger Children of the Jews againft their Parents Will, and compelled
the Jews by a fevere Bondage to.receive Baptifm ; and they fay that this
.Action is neither agreeable to Law or Religion. Can any one believe
that thefe People fpeak ferioufly, who by fo many Methods cruelly di-
ikeis the Jews, that they may force, them, thus broken by Miferies, ^ of
which they fee no End, to embrace the. Chriftian Religion ? For 'tis
owing to this that fo many amongft the new Converts are found to be
.Jews in their Hearts. Hence 'tis that they themfelves always fufpect the
new Chriftians, viz. fuch who are converted from the Jews and Saracens,
and defire that their Pofterity may be always feparated from the Pofte
rity of the old Chriftians.
Sometimes alfo they have openly perfecuted the Jews, and compelled
them to become Chriftians. Sethus Calvifius relates from Cedrenus, un
der the Year 722. that Leo the Emperor forced the Jews to embrace
Chriftianity ; but that they afterwards either renounced their Baptifrn,
or fhut themfelves up in their Houfes, and burnt themfelves with all their
Families. But what fhall we fay to thefe Perfons, who, though they teach that
the Jews are not to be compelled to the Faith, yet plead for forcing,
and actually force thofe who in their Judgment err concerning fomePrinr
ciples of Religion, whom they call by the infamous Name of Hereticks,
to renounce their Errors, or rather the very Truth itfelf, by all manner
of Methods, and every kind of Cruelties.
The Inquifition was not introduced to compel the Jews to the Chriftian
Religion ; becaufe, fay they, as they are not baptized, and have not pro-
feffed the Faith of Chrift, they cannot be faid to be Hereticks or Apof-
tates, and therefore are not fubject to the Jurifdiction of the Inquifitors,
For the Church doth not judge of .thofe that are without, and the Jur
rifdiction of the Inquifitors is only granted them againft heretical Pravity
and Apoftacy. The Inquifition indeed in Spain, is introduced againft
thofe, who being converted from the Jews or Mahometans, to the Chri
ftian Religion, return again \0J11daiJm pr Mahometanifm* aad give fiich
_ Marks

The 'Hiftory of thel N QU I S I T I O N. 191
'Marks of that Apoftacy as are capable to convict them. Such a one, as
•well as a Chriftian, that goes over to the Jewip Rites, may be punifh
ed by the Inquifitors, as any other Heretick or Apoftate. And in order
to prove this Crime, they admit the Teftimony of Jews ; and when it
,is legally proved, they are by the Royal Laws of Spain delivered over, as
Relapfed and Impenitent, to the Fire.
If a Jew, Mahometan, or any other Perfon, receives, defends, or favours
Hereticks, or hinders the Inquifitors, or obftructs their Office, or fhould
keep in his Poffeffion the Books of Hereticks, he may be punifhed by the
Inquifitors. Alfo by one of the Extravagant Conftitutions of Nicholas IV.
Power, is granted to the Inquifitors of taking Cognifance of the Crimes of
Jews, as often as they offend againft the Old Teftament, or induce any
Chriftian to ^Judaifm, or circumcife him, or compel him to deny the
Catholick Faith.
n: F 'ope -John XXII. alfo," by a Letter N°* 190. renewed the Conftitu-
tioris of Clement IV. and other his Predeceffors, and by feverer Laws en
creafed the Power given to the Inquifitors againft them ; commanding
that they fhould gather together and burn all the Books of the Talmud,
and punifh thofe who were convidted of execrable Blafphemies. In the
Month of December following, by the Command of Friar Bernard Guido,
Inquifitor of heretical Pravity, the Books of the Jews called the Talmud,
were as many of them as could be found in the Poffeflion of the fews,
burnt at Thqloufe, after it had been declared by fworn Examiners, fkilful
in the Hebrew Tongue, that they contained Errors and Blafphemies
againft the Lord Jefus Chrift, and his Moft Holy Mother the Virgin
Mary, In the Kingdom oi Valencia, the Inquifitors may proceed againft the
Jews, or Sardcensy or other unbaptized Infidels dogmatifing amongft
phriftians, efpecially againft the Alfaquins, or thofe who hinder the Of
fice of the Inquifition, or circumcife Boys, or are Receivers of Here
ticks, or who compel any one to deny the Faith, or perfuade them to
ufe their Rites, or publick Ceremonies. But yet,- others think that a Jew,
who fays to a Chriftian, La feAe voftra efede di* Cazzi, i.e. Your Faith
is the Faith of a  ,. or who throws Naftinefs upon the Crofs
which is carried in the Litanies, ought not to be punifhed by the Inqui
fitors, but by the Secular Judge.

- ,,y A- * Cfizzi k an obfcetie Word,
'. u.;l1 And

191 TV Hiftory of /^TNQUISITIO N.1
- And finally, Gregory XIII. An. 158 1. publifhed a Ccmftitttiioh, by
which he granted Power to the Inquifitors of heretical Pravity /freely -to
-proceed againft the Jews in the following. Cafes?. ." If they- deny vMfeb-
?c ters of Faith common to them and Chriftians. i If they, invoke Devils,
*« or facrifice to them. If they teach any Chrfffan- thefe, Things, or biing
" them to them. If they fpeak heretical' Blafphemies. ; If they permit
" a Chriftian from the Faith. If they hinder Infidels from, coming ©ver
" to the Faith of Chrift. If they knowingly receive an Heretick, or
ct give him Afliftance. If they keep heretical Bopks, or Talmudical, or
" any other Jewip Books any ways condemned. If they deride the fa-
" lutary Hoft, or the Crofs, or the like Things, or Chriftians. ?ilf they
" keep Chriftian Nurfes, or fhall compel them from the Day in which
" they have received the ^Sacrament of the Eucharifi/ to throw their
" Milk into the Jakes."
But efpecially in the Ringdorhs of Spain and Portugal,lthe Inquifition
is introduced to detect and punifh ; thefe who, being. Jews, have embra
ced the Chriftian Religion, and witnefied their Profeflion. by the folernn
receiving of Baptifm, and have afterwards turn'd again to Judaifm.
There are feveral Signs by which' it may be collected, that a Perfon is
revolted to Judaifm. Anciently the converted Jews themfelves allowed,
that it might be known by certain Marks which of them were not fin-
cerely converted to Chrift, butcherifhed Judaifm in their Heart,, in a cer.
tain Ordinance made in the Name of the King of Spain, about the
Year 653.
To our mofl Clement and Serene Lord, King Rofefuind. All we He
brews of the City of Toledo and Spain, your Glory, who have under
written our Names, or put our Marks. We well and juftly remember Sat
we were compelled to think it our Duty to write our Opinion in the Name
of King Chintillan, of holy Memory, for preferving the Catholick Faith,
even as we have done. But becaufe the Perfidioufnefs of our Obfiinacy, and
the Antiquity qf our Error that we have derived from our Fathers, hath
fo poffeffed us, that we have neither truly believed in Jefus Chrift the
Lord, norfincerely kept the Catholick Faith : We now therefore willingly
and readily promife your Glory by this our Ordinance, as well for ourfefVes,
as for our Wives and Children, that we will never hereafter mix in any
Jewifh Obfervations or incefiuous Cufioms. And as we are baptized, we
will never more in any fort be joined with the Jews in an execrable So
ciety ; nor will we, according to our Cufiom, ever be joined with them by
Nearnefs of Blood, even to the fixth Degree, by an incefiuous Pollution in
Matrimony

The Hiftory; of the LNQ1U I S I TI O K 193
Matrimony of -Fornication. We will not enter into Marriages with our
Race in any fort, neither ourfelves, qr our Children, or any of our Pofte
rity ; but as toMih Sexes we will henceforwards marry only with Chrifiians.
We* wilt not work the Circumcifton dfthe Flefh. We will not celebrate the
Paffover and Sabbaths, and other Holidays, according to ;the Rite <?f Jewifh
Qbfervation. We will not obferve the Difference or Cufiom of Meats, nor
da any of all thofe Things, which the Ufe and abominable Cuftom and Con-
verfation of the Jews doth. But we believe with a fincere Faith, grateful
Mind, and entire Devotion in Chrift, tbe Son of the Living God; according.
to.the Evangelick and Apofiolical Tradition, and him we confefs and adore.
We do. alfo truly hold' and fincerely embrace all the Cufioms of the holy
Chriftian Religion, as well as to Holidays as to Marriages and Foods, and
all other Obfervations, without referving to ourfelves any ObjeB of Oppo-
fition, or fallacious Argument, by -which we will do again thofe Things
wbickjwe have denied to ' do, or- not fincerely 'fulfill thofe Things which -we
have promifed to obferve: And as to Swines Flefh we promife to obferve,
that if we -cannot pofiibly eat it through Cufiom, yet that we will, without
Contempt or Horror, take and eat Things that are dreffed with it. And if
in all thefe Things which are above mentioned, we fhall be found Tranj-
gr eft or s in, any .the . leaft Point, or pall pre fume to aB contrary to the
Chriftian Faith, or pall delay to fulfill in- Word and Deed what we have
promifed iagreeable to the Catholick -Religion, we fwear by the fame Fa
ther, . San, and Holy Spirit, who is one in Trinity, and the. true God, that
whofoever of us pall be found a Tranfgreffor of all or any one of thefe
Things, he pall, perip with new 'Flames . or Stones. Or if Goodnefs pall
referve. him. for Life to your Glory fhe Jhall loft his Liberty, and forfeit all
his Subfiance, and. pall be for ever' a 'Slave to any Perfon you pall ap^L
point.' And whatfoever yda pall command to be done as to him or his Ef
feBs, : you pall not r only r have free Power to do it by the Power of your
Kingdom, but by the Engagement of this our Ordinance. This Ordinance
was made March 21. in the happy Sixth Tear of the Reign of your Glory,
in the Name of God; ^Toledo*. \' -:-*> <;.
cBut Pegna is of -Opinion, that a more certain Sufpicion of fecret Ju
daifm arifes from other obferved Rites of the Jews, viz. from too in
timate converting with them, by frequenting the Places in which they
dwell, and efpecially the Synagogues, by the Obfervations of the Sabr
baths, and many other Things^, than from their Abftinence; from Swines
Flefh, which may be either unpleafant to the Tafte, or naufeous to the
a'T C c Stomach,

1 94 The Hiftory of the IN QU I S IT I O N.
Stomach. This Confideration particularly affeas the new Converts, who,
through Cuftom, cannot be fuppofed eafily to relifh Swines Flefh, or
other Meats forbidden them; before their Converfion. But this doth not
bold as to their Children and Grandchildren, and other Defendants* who
can't be fuppofed to abftain from thefe Things for any other Reafon, but
their Reverence and Approbation of this accurfed Se&, becaufe the ReaJ
fon of Cuftom cannot be pleaded in their Behalf, though it may as. ta
thofe who are themfelves converted.
Amongft other Signs of fecret Judaifm, the' Name that a Perfon takei
is accounted one. For they fay 'tis cuftortiary amongft the Hebrews ire-
quentiy to give thejame Name to thofe -who dome over or return to thek
Sect, which they had before they were baptized. If therefore any Per
fon, after Baptifm,, in which he put off his old Jewip Name, and took
the Name of fome Saint, according to the Cuftom of Chriftians, tfhall
take it again, or fome other Name familiar and' ufual ambngft the Jews,
it wilt be a Prefumption that he approves, Judaifm-
In how many, and in what Cafes the Jews and other Infidels are fub
ject to the Power of the Inquifitors, Gregory XHL hath largely declared,
An. 158,1. by a Refcript.
As to the Punifhments of fuch offending Jews, tbeirCrimes are diftin-
guifhed into three Sorts. Some of them are common to them and Chri
ftians. Others are againft the Chriftian or rather Popifh Faith. And
laflly, others againft their own Faithr which, are not to be. treated of
here. As to Crimes of the firft fort, reflecting them as well as Chriftians,.
fech are declared Hereticks who deny God to be Almighty. If they con
fefs that they faid and believed this, they are coriipelled to abjure as for
formal Herefy. If they confefs they faid it, but deny that they believed.
it, they muft be tortured as. to their Intention, and be made to abjure
as well as Chriftians,. according to the Degree of the Sufpicion, whether
light or vehement.
As to Crimes of the fecond fort, they are tortured only ta get out the
Truth, and difcover then": Accomplices. For in thefe Things they/- are
not truly Hereticks ; bpt becaufe they grievoufly offend- agahift the Chri
ftian or Popifh Faith,, they are ufually punifhed in a very fevere Man
ner ; and in this Cafe they are not compelled to abjure, becaufe. the
Church doth not compel them, to the Faitbv :'"? ,a.l
-,, . , • ; _ , r J ¦--. :.:i rbirhv _ .4',.
.- -;¦ -j 'A The

Tioe Hiftory of the I KQ U I S I T I O N. j9s
The Puniflirnenfcs'which the Inquifitors inflict upon the Jews who of
fend in the aforefaid Cafes, are various, and lighter or heavier, according
to the Nature or Degree of the Crimes, viz. Privation of all Converfa-
tion with Chriftians,_Fines, perpetual Imprifonment, Whipping, and alfo
tp.be delivered over into the Power of the Secular Arrri.

CHAP. XIV.
..'.. <£. Of the Torture.
IN Compliance with the Curiofity of our Readers, we have judged it
neceffary to defcribe the Place and Manner of Torturing Criminals,
before we go on to the Form of proceeding in the Inquifition.
The Bifhop and Inquifitor therefore meet together, and by an inter
locutory Sentence, pronounce that the accufed Perfon is to be put to the
Torture fiich a Day and fuch an Hour. For neither the Bifhop without
the Inquifitor, nor the Inquifitor without the Bifhop, or his Vicar, can
put any one to die Torture. But if the Bifhop or his Vicar, upon Sum
mons fent them, either refutes or neglects to be prefent within eight
Days, the Inquifitor may proceed alone to the Torture; or if one be
not within Reach of the other, if he be abfent a great Way off, then the
other fnay proceed by himfelf. But what Place may be faid to be a
great, way off, is left at the Pleafure of the Judge to determine. How
ever, the Bifhop and Inquifitor may depute each other, or fignify their
Content by Letters, which muft be done within eight Days after they
are fummoned. In the Inquifition at Cremona, the Advocate of the
Exchequer is prefent at the Torturey and the Inquifitor there fits in the
Middle, between the Vicar^General on his Right-Hand, and the AdVo-*
cate on his Left.
;A§: to the. Perfons :who may be tortured, altho' in all other Caufes and
Crimes fome Perfons are excepted, fuch as Doctors, Soldiers, Officers,
Noblemenv: and their Sons ; yet in this moft grievous and horrible Crime
pf Herefy, . there is no Privilege to defend any one, but all may be put
to the Torture, even Clergymen, Monks, and other Religious. But to
prevent Excommunication, by grievoufly torturing or hurting them, and
on Account of the. Dignity with which they are invefted, they torture
them more gently and mildly, unlefs the Heinoufhefe of the Crime, and
C c 2 the

i$6 The Hiftory ofthe I NQUISI>TI'0 Nv
the Strength of the Evidence requires otherwife. a As to fuch who are
freed from being tortured for other Crimes, upon Account of their Youthy
or old Age, or being with Child, they are not- to be tortured for Herefy;
Perfons under twenty-five may be tortured for, Sufpicion of Herefy, but
not if they are under fourteen; but they, may: be terrified -and beat. Nei
ther is there any Exception of Place, altho' by antient Cuftom, or mu
nicipal Laws, the Torture is not otherwife to be -inflicted there. Thus
in the Kingdom of Arragon, no Judge can order any Criminal to the
Torture ; but yet in Favour of the Faiths any Perfons, even tho1 privi
leged, may be tortured for" Sufpicions of Herefy.
After the Sentence of Torture -fis pronounced, the Officers prepare
themfelves to inflict it. The Place of Torture in the Spanip Inquifition
is generally an under-ground and very dark Room, ' to which one-enters
thro' feveral Doors. There is a Tribunal erected . iri it, l in. which the
Inquifitor, Infpector, and Secretary .fit. When the Candles are lighted,
and the Perfon to be tortured brought in, the Executioner, who was wait
ing for the other, . makes an aftonifhing and dreadful Appearance.. He
is covered all over with a black Linen Garment down to. his Feet, aiid
tied clofe to his Body. His Head and Face are all hid with a long black
Cowl, only two little Holes being left in it forihim to fee through. ¦ All
this is intepded to ftrike the .miferable Wretch .with greater .Terror 'in
Mind and Body, when he fees himfelf going:to:be tortured bytheHapd*
of one who thus looks like the very 'Devil, id-jo .:. . /Ia-sa j.;ui.-\v ion
•Whilft the Officers are getting Things ready for .the Torture,' the Bi
fhop and Inquifitor by themfelves, and other good Men zealous for the
Faith, endeavour to perfuade the Perfon. to be tortured, freely to con
fefs the Truth; and if he- will not, they order the Officers to ftrip him,
who do it in an Inftant. v Clergymen however- muft not.be tortured by
a Lay Officer .or Torturer, unlefs they cant find any Clergymen >iwha
know how to do it, or are willing ; becaufe it would be in vain for the
Judges to order any Clergyman or Monk to the Torture, if there was
no body to inflict ' it ji ind therefore in fuch a Cafe tis ufual to torture
them by Lay 'Officers. j en;. 'i<twci aia;1
Whilft the Perfon to be tortured isftripping, he is perfuaded to confefs
the Truth. If he refufes it, he is taken afide.by certain good .Men, and
perfuaded to confefs, and told by them, that if he confeffes, he will riot
be put to Death, but only be made to fwear that he will not return to
the Herefy he hath abjured. The Inquifitor and Bifhop promife tho
fame, unlefs the Perfon be a Relapfe. ' .w tv< .Aft* b.i£ \\:r-en iq;.„ .ia..
\.j ' _ o 0 If

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 197
If he is neither perfuaded by Threatnings or Promifes to confefs hi«
Crime, he is tortured either more lightly or grievoufly, according as his
Crirrie requires, and frequently interrogated during the Torture, upon
thofe Arcicles for which he is put to it, beginning with the lefler Ones, be
caufe they think he will fooner confefs the letter Matters than the greater.
The Criminals are with great Care and Diligence to be admonifhed
by the Inquifitors, arid efpecially when they are under Torture, that they
fhould not hy any Means bear falfe Witnefs againft themfelves or others,
thro' Fear of Puhifhments or Torments, but fpeak the Truth only. Nor
may the Iriquifitor9i promife' Pardon or Forgivenefs of the Offence, to
compel the Criminals to confefs Crimes which they have not committed,
out of their great ' Zeal to enquire out the Truth. And fuch a falfe
Confeffion the accufed Perfon may fafely ' revoke.
The Inquifitors themfelyes muft interrogate the Criminals during their
Torture, nor-can they comriiit this Bufinefs to others, unlefs they are en
gaged in other important Affairs, in which Cafe they may depute cer
tain good and fkilful Men for the Purpofe. Altho' in other Nations
Criminals are publickly tortured, yet in Spain tis forbidden by the Royal
Law, for any to be prefent whilft they are torturing, befides the Judges,
Secretaries, and Torturers. ';. The1 Inquifitors muft alfo chufe proper Tor
turers, born of antient Chriftians, who muft be bound by Oath, by no-
Means to -difcover their Secrets, nor to blab out any Thing that is faid..
The Judges alfo- ufually proteft," that if the Criminal fhould happen to
die under his Torture, or by reafon of it, or fhould fuffer the Lofs of
any of his Limbs, 'tis not to be' imputed to- them, but to- the Criminal
himfelf, who 'will not plainly confefs the Truth before he is tortured.
An Heretick may not only be interrogated concerning himfelf, but in ge
neral -alfo concerning his Companions and Accomplices in his Crime, his
Teachers and his Difciples ; for he ought to difcover them, tho' he be not
interrogated ; but when he is interrogated concerning them, he is much
more obliged to difcover them than his Accomplices in any other the moft
grievous Crirries. A Perfon alfo fufpected of Herefy, and fully convicted^
may be tortured upon another Account, /. e. to difcover his Companipns
and Accomplices in the Crime. This muft 'be done when he bogglesx
or 'tis half fully proved at leaft that he was actually prefent with them,
or hath fuch Companions and Accomplices in his Crime; for in this
Cafe he is -not tortured as a Criminal, but as a Witnefs., But he wha
makes full Confeffion of himfetf, Ms not tortured upon a different Ac
count-; whereas if he be a Negative, he may be tortured upon another Ac
count^

1 98 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION:
count,- to difcover his Accomplices and other Hereticks, tho' he be frilly
convicted himfelf, and it be half fully proved that he hath fuch Accom*
plices. The Reafon of the Difference in thefe Cafes is this, becaufe h*
who confeffes againft himfelf, would certainly much rather confefs a?
gainft other Hereticks, if he knew them. But 'tis otherwife when the
Criminal is a Negative.
Whilft thefe Things are doing, the Notary writes every Thing dowij
in the Procefs, as what Tortures were inflicted, concerning what Mat
ters the Criminal was interrogated, and what he anfwered. If by thefe
Tortures they can't draw from him a Confeffion, they fhew him other
kind of Tortures, and tell him he muft undergo all of them, unlets he
confeffes the Truth. If neither by this Means they can extort the Truth,
they may, to terrify him and engage hiih to confefs, aflign the fecond or
third Day to continue, not to repeat the Torture, till he hath under
gone all thofe Kinds of them to which he is condemned.
The Degrees of Torture formerly ufed were five, which were inflicted
in their Turn, and are defer ibed by Julius Clarus. Know therefore, fays
he, that there are five Degrees of Torture, viz. Firft, the being threatned
to be tvrtured. Secondly, being carried to the Place of Torture. Thirdly,
by fi ripping and binding. Fourthly, the being hoified up on the Rack.
Fifthly, Squaffation. v
This Stripping is performed without any Regard to Humanity or Ho
nour, not only to Men, but to Women and Virgins, tho' the moft vir
tuous and chafte, of whom they have fometimes many in their Prifons.
For they caufe them to be ftripped, even to their very Shifts, which they
afterwards take off, forgive the Expreffion, even to their Pudenda, and
then put on them ftrait Linen Drawers, and then make their Arms.naked
.quite up to their Shoulders. As to Squaffation, 'tis thus performed :
The Prifoner hath his Hands bound behind his Back, and Weights tied
to his Feet, and then he is drawn up on high, till his Head reaches the
very Pully. He is kept hanging in this Manner for fome time, that by
the Greatnefs of the Weight hanging at his Feet, all his Joints and
Limbs may be dreadfully ftretched, and on a fiidden he is let down with
a Jirk, by the flacking the Rope, but kept from coming quite , to the
Ground, by which terrible Shake, his Arms and Legs are all disjointed,
whereby he is put to the moft exquifite Pain ; the Shock which he re
ceives by the fudden Stop of his Fall, and the Weight at his Feet, ftretch-
kig his whole Body more intenfely and cruelly. -Ia

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 199
In the next Paragraph, he gives a more diftinct. Explication of this
Matter, and reckons up three Degrees of Torture. Tie firft is to terrify,
which comprehends not only Theatnings to Torture, but the being carried to
the Place of Torments, the being firipped and bound ; unlefs fiich Bidding
ftoould happen to be too fevere and hard, and performed with a Twifi, as is
the Cufiom of mofl Judges. Thus it was praBifed upon a certain Phyfi
cian of Olezo, who fuffered more by being bound, than others in the very
Torture. And therefore fuch Binding may be equalled to the Torture itfelf.
The fecond Degree is, to put to the Torture, or to interrogate by Torture.
This is done by hoi fling a Perfon up,, and keeping him hanging for a confi
derable Time. The third is to torture by Squaffation, which is performed
amongfi us by one Jirk ofthe Rope. But if the Senate commands that the-
Perfon he well or Jeverely thus tortured, they give two J irks of the Rope.
Antonius Drogus, in his Annotations to this Place, fays, That you may
have the perfeB modern PraBice, obferve, that when the Senate orders, Let
him be interrogated by Torture, the Perfon is lifted or hoifted up, but not.
put to the Squaffation. If tbe Senate orders, Let him be tortured, he muff"
then undergo the Squaffation once, ¦ being firft interrogated as he is hanging
upon the Rope and Engine. If it orders, Let him be well tortured, 'tis under-
fiood that he muft fuffer two Squaffations. If it orders. Let him be feverely
tortured, 'tis underftood 'of 'three Squaffations, at three different Times within an
Hour. If it jays very Jeverely,' t\s underftoodthat it muft be done withTwifting,
and Weights at the Feet. In this Cafe the Senate generally expreffes the
Twifting, or any other particular Manner which they intend, and the Judge'
may proceed to every Severity not reaching to Death. But when it Jays ,..
Very Jeverely even unto Death, then the Criminal's Life is, in immediate
Danger. The like Method of Torture was formerly practifed in the Inquifition at.
Tboloufe; as appears from feveral Places in the Book of Sentences. Thus^
fol. by., at the End of the Sentence oi William Sicredfjun.'-we read,.
Nor would he judicially confefs concerning the aforefaid, till he was put iri'
Prifon, arid hoified up a little- upon the Rope. And in fol. 1-3 1. we read,.
that William Cava Her iz, after a confiderable Time, revoked what he hack.
before confeffed, faying, that he confeffed nothing concerning Herefy,, but;
what was forced from him by the Violence of Torment. And finally,./^/.
132. in the1 Sentence of Friar Bernard Delicioft, ofthe Order of Minors.,
amongft other Things* this was imputed to him as a Crime, Thdt he
juftifted tbof'e-who. were apprehended for' Herefy, and condemited Jar it, and
ordered to perpetual Imprnjonmeni end ..other Punift^mtntsj, and that. 'tho''
a

zqq The Hiftory of the /I N.QU I S,I T ION. l
they were, true- Catholicks, they had confeffed Herefifr of themfelves and- others,^
only thrd the Violence of -their Torments, and were unjuftly condemned.
The Method of Torturing, and the Degree of Tortures now ufed in
the Spanip Inquifition, will be, well underftood from the Hiftory of Ifaac
Orobiofajew, andDodorof Phyfick, who was accufed to the Inquifi
tion as a Jew, -by a certain Moor his Servant, who had by his Order be-,
fore this been whipped for Thieving • and four Years after this he waa
again accufed by a certain Enemy of his for another Fact, which, would
have proved him a Jew. But Orobio obftinately denied that he was One. I
will here give the Account of his Torture, as I had it from his own Mouth.
After three whole Years which he had been in Prifon, and. feveral. Exa
minations, and the Difcovery of the Crimes- to him ofrwhich. he was
accufed,. in order to, his Confeffion, and his cpnftant Denial of them, he.
wa;s at length carried out of bis Prifon, and thro' feveralTurnings brought
to the.Place of Torture. This was towards the Evening; It was a. large',
under-ground Room, arched, and the Walls covered with black Hang-,
ings. The Candlefticks were v faftened to the Wall, and the whole Room.
enlightned with Candles placed in them. At one End of it, there was. an.
indofed Place like a Clofet, where the Inquifitor and Notary fat at a Ta
ble ; fo that the Place feemed to him as the very Manfion of Death, every,
Thing appearing fo terribje and awful. Here the Inquifitor again admo.
riifhed him to confefs the Truth, before his Torments began. When he
anfwered he had told the Truth, the Inquifitor gravely, protefted, that
fince he was fo obftinate as to fuffer the Torture, the Holy Office would
be innocent, if he fhould flied his Blood, or even expire in his Torments. .
When he had faid this, they put a Linen Garment over his Body, and .
drew it fo very clofe on each Side, as almoft fqueezed him to Death.
When he was ahnoft dying, they flackened at once the Sides of the Gar-
rrienti and after he began to breathe again, the fudden Alteration put
hirri fo fhe moft grievous Anguifh and Pain. When he had overcome
this. Torture, the fame Admonition was repeated, that he would confefs;.
the Truth, in order to prevent farther Torment And as he perfiftedtn
his Denial, they tied his Thumbs fo very tight with fmall Cords, as made ;
the Extremities of them greatly fwell, and caufed the Blood to.ifpirtout
from under his Nails. After this he was plaped with his Backr againft a
Wall, and fixed upon a little Bench. Into the Wall were faftened httle-
Iron .Pull ies, thro' which there were Ropes drawn, and tied round his
Body in feveral Places, and efpecially his Arms and Legs. The Execu
tioner drawing thefe Ropes with great Violence, faftened his Body, with
them

Th4 Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 10 1
them to the Wall, fo that his Hands and Feet, and efpecially his Fingers
and Toes, being bound fo ftreightly with them, put him to the moft exqui-
fite Pain, and feemed to him juft as tho' he had been diffolving in Flames.
In the midft of thefe Torments the Torturer, of a fudden, drew the
Bench from under him, fo that the miferable Wretch hung by the Cprds
without any Thing to fupport him, and by the Weight of his Body drew
the Knots yet much clofer. After this a new kind of Torture fucceeded.
There was an Inftrument like a fmall Ladder, made of two upright
Pieces of Wood, and five crofs ones fharpened before. This the Torturer
placed over againft him, and by a certain proper Motion ftruck it with
great Violence againft both his Shins, fo that he received upon each of
them at once five violent Strokes, which put him to fuch intolerable An-
guifh,; that he fainted away. After he came to himfelf, they inflicted
on him the laft Torture. The Torturer tied Ropes about Orobio's Wrifts,
and then put thofe Ropes about his own Back, which was 'covered with
Leather, to prevent his hurting hirrifelf. Then failing backv/ards, and
putting his Feet up againft the Wall, he drew them with all his Might, till
they cut thro' Orobio's Flefh even to the very Bones ; and this Torture was
repeated thrice, the -Ropes being tied about his Arms, about the Diftance
of two Fingers Breadth from the former Wound, and; drawn with the
feme Violence. But- it happen'd, that as the Ropes were drawing the
fecond time, they Aid into the firft Wound, which caufed io great an
Effufion of Blood, that he feemed to be dying. Upon this, the Phyfi
cian and Surgeon, who are always ready, were fent for out of a heigfl-
bouring Apartment^ to afk their Advice, whether the Torture coidd be:
continued without Danger of Death, left the Ecclefiaftical Judges fhould"
be guilty of an Irregularity if the Criminal fhould die in his Torments.
They, whowere far from being Enemies to Orobio, anfwered, that he
had Strength enough to endure the reft of the Torture, and hereby pre
ferred. him from having the Tortures he had already endured repeated on'
him, becaufe his Sentence w^s, that he fhould fuffer them all at one time,
one after another. So that if at any time they are forced to leave off
thro' Fear of Death, all the Tortures, even thofe already fuffered,' muft
be fuoceffively inflicted, to fatisfy the Sentence. Upon this, the Torture
Was repeated the third time, and then it ended. After this he" Was bound
up in his own Clothes, and carried back to his Prifon, and waa,fcarce.
healed of his Wounds in feventy Days. And inafmuch as he made no
Gonfefliori* under his Torture, he was condemned, not as one convicted,
but fufpected of Judaifm, to wear for two whole Years the infamous
D d Habit

roi The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 10 N/.
Habit called Sambenito, and after that Term, to perpetual Banifhment
from the Kingdom of Seville.
Erneftus Eremundus Frifius, in his Hiftory of the Low-Country Diftori
bances, gives us an Account from Gonfalvius, of another Kind of Tor
ture. There is a Wooden Bench, which they call the Wooden Horfe,
made hollow like a Trough, fo as to contain a Man lying on his Back
at full Length, about the Middle of which there is a round Bar laid
acrofs, upon which the Back of the Perfon is placed, fo that he lies up
on the Bar, inftead of being let into the Bottom of the Trough, with
bis Feet much higher than his Head. As he is lying in this Pofture, his
Arms, Thighs, and Shins, are tied round with fmall Cords or Strings,
which being drawn with Screws at proper Diftances from each other, cut
into the very Bones, fo as to be no longer difcerned *. Befides this, the
Torturer throws over his Mouth and Noftrils a thin Cloth, fo that he is
fcarce able to breathe thro' them, and in the mean while, a fmall Stream
of Water like a Thread, ,iiot Drop by Drop, falls from on high, upon
the Mouth of the Perfon lying in this miferable Condition, and fo eafily
finks down the thin Cloth to the Bottom of his Throat, fo that there is
no Poflibility of Breathing, his. Mouth being flopped with Water, and
his Noftrils with the' Cloth, fo diat the poor Wretch is in, the fame Ago
ny as Perfons ready to die, and . breathing out their laft. When this
Cloth is drawn out of hiis. Throat, as it often is, that he may anfwer to
the Queftions, it is all wet with Water and Blood, and is like pulling
his Bowels thro' his Mouth. There is alfo another Kind of Torture pe
culiar to this Tribunal, . which they call, the Fire. ; They order a, large
Iron Chafing-Difh foil of lighted Charcoal, to be brought in, and held
clofe to the Soles of the tortured Perfon's Feet, greafed oyer with Lard
fo that the Heat of the Fire may more quickly pierce thro' them.
This is Inquifition by Torture, when there is only half full Proof of
their Crime. However, at other times Torments are fometimes inflicted
upon Perfons condemned to Death, asa Punifhment preceding that of Death.
Of this we Have a remarkable Inftance in William Lithgow, an Englifhman,
who, as he tells us in- his Travels, was taken up as a Spy in Mallagom, a r
City oi Spain, and was expofed to the moft cruel Torments upon the
Wooden Horfe. But when nothing could be extorted from him, he was

f!A '

* ; Thefe two. Methods of PuniJhment feem-. to be taken from the two different Forms ofthe
ancient Emkus. a delivered

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 103
delivered to the Inquifition as an Heretick, becaufe his Journal abounded
with Blafphemies againft the Pope and the Virgin Mary. When he
confeffed himfelf a Proteftant before the Inquifitor, he was admonifhed
to convert himfelf to the Roman Church, and was allowed eight Days
to deliberate on it. 'In the mean- while the Inquifitor and Jefuits came
to him often, fometimes wheedling him, fometimes threatning and re
proaching him, and fometimes arguing with him. At length they en-
deavour'd to overcome his Conftancy by kind Affurances and Promifes.
But all in vain. And therefore, as he was immoveably fixed, he was
condemned in the Beginning of Lent, to fuffer the Night following ele
ven moft cruel Torments, and after Eafier to be carried privately to Gra
nada, there to be burnt at Midnight, and his Afhes to be fcattered into
the Air : When Night came on, his Fetters were taken off, then he was
ftripped naked, put upon his Knees, and his Hands lift up by Force ;
after which, opening his Mouth with Iron Infiruments, they filled his
Belly with Water till it came out of his Jaws. Then they tied a Rope
hard about his Neck, and in this Condition rolled him feven times the
whole Length of the Room, till he was almoft ftrangled. After this
they tied a fmall Cord about both his great- Toes, and hung him up
thereby with his Head towards the Ground, and then cut the Rope
about his Neck, letting him remain in this Condition, till all the Water
.difeharged itfelf out of his Mouth ; fo that he was laid on the Ground
as juft dead, and had his Irons put on him again. But beyond all Ex
pectation, and by a very Angular Accident, he was deliver d out of Pri
fon, efcaped Death, and fortunately failed home to England ; as we fhall
elfewhere acquaint our Reader.
If when the Perfon is decently tortured, he confeffes nothing, he is
allowed to go away free ; and if he demands of his Judges that he be
cleared by Sentence, they can't deny it him ; and they pronounce, that
having diligently examined the Merits of the Procefs, they find nothing
of the Crime of which he was accufed, legally proved againft him.
There is extant in this Cafe a Decree in the Madrid Inftruction, An.
156 1. cap. 54. If the Criminal overcomes the Torture, the Inquifitor
muft then weigh and confider the Nature of the Proofs, and the Degree and
Form, or Manner of the Torture, and the Difpofition, or Nature and Age
of the tortured Criminal. All which Things confidered, if it appears that
he hath fiuffcientiy purged himfelf of all Marks, let them abfolve him from
any farther Procefs., But if there be any Reafon and Caufe, upon- confider
ing the aforefaid Circumfiances, to think that the Torture was not infiiBed
D d 2 with

*04 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
with due Rigour, then let them infiiB on him either a light or vehement
Abjuration, or fome pecuniary Penalty. Altho' this ought not to be done
without great Confideration, and unlefs the Proofs are not thought fiuffcientiy
purged off'. .
But /a, when under the Queftiori, he confeffes, tis written in the Pro
cefs ; after which he is carried to another P/lace, where he hath rio VieW
of the Tortures, and there his Confeffion made during his Torments is
read over to him, and he is interrogated feveral times till the Confeffion
be made. But here Gonfalvius obferves, that when the Prifoner is car
ried to Audience, they make him pafs by the Door of the Room where
the Torture is inflicted, where the Executioner fhewshirhfelf, on purpofe
to be feen, in that Shape of a Devil I have deferibed before, that as he
paffes by, he may, by feeing him, be forced to feel, as it were,, over
again his paft Torments. The Space of Time allowed between the
Torture and the Ratification of the Confeffion, is determined by the Ma
drid Inftruction, An. 156 1. cap. 53. Twenty-four Hours after the Torture,
the Criminal mufi ratify his Confeffion,. and if he retraBs it,, the Remedies
provided by Law muft be made ufe of. And at the time when the Torture
is infiiBed, the Notary mufi write down the Hour, as alfo the Time of the
Ratification, left if fuch Ratification pould be made the next Day, a
Doubt may arife, whether it was after or before the twenty-four Hiurs.
If the Criminal ratifies his Confeffion made under Torture, and the Inqui
fitors are fatisfied of his good Confeffion and. Converfion, they may admit
him to Reconciliation,, altho' his Confeffion was made under Torture. They
mufi, however, prudently take Care how they receive fuch Perfons,, 'and.
confider the Nature of the Herefies they have confeffed, and whether they
have learnt them from others, or have taught them themfelves to 'Others,
tipon Account of the Danger that may enfiie hereby..
How the I n Qjr 1 s 1 t o r begins his Office.
We are now to give an Account of what relates to the Execution of
thelnquifitorial Office. This will be a more difficult Tafk, becaufe, al
tho' the Inquifitors are bound to certain Laws, yet many Things are' left
%o their Pleafure. Befides, the very Application of the Laws to particu
lar Cafes, which come before the Inquifitors, and alfo the Method of
proceeding and drawing a Confeffion from the Prifoners, depends very
much on their Will Hence it comes to pafs, that altho' all the Inquifi
tors are directed by certain general Laws, fo that one-and the fame general
Method

The Hiftory of the 1 NQJJ I S I T 1 0 N. ios
Method of Proceeding is obfcfved by all, yet,: as to many Circumftances,
the Method- is -very various and different ; which befides cannot be fo fully
explained^ becaufe the Inquifitors learn rhany Things rather by Ufe and
Practice, than by Inftruction and Precepts ; efpecially confidering that
they oblige alUPerfons by Oath, whom they dlifmifs from the Prifon of
the Inquifition, to Silence* that the Secrets of the Inquifition, as tho'
they were the facred Myfteries of Ceres, may not by any Means be re
vealed ; I have determined therefore faithfully to give my Reader what
foever the Popifh Doctors, and the Inquifitors themfelves have with great
Labour "gathered together -from the Laws, Papal ^Bulls, and their In
ftructions, concerning- the Method of Proceeding, andflto illuftrate the
Whole by fiich Examples as offer themfelves to me.AiAnd that I may
©mit nothing, I will trace this Matter froin the very Beginning, viz.
from the very firft Moment ' in which the Inquifitor begins his Office,
down to the Acts, of -Faith, in' which the ^Sentences are pronounced up
on all the Prifoners^ and actually put in' Execution, ica a a- ,u ^j. . ,-j
i- When the I?^Uifitor is firft conftituted by the Pope, he muft prefent
himfelf to the King-, or Temporal Lord of thofe Territories, , in . which
the Inquifitor is deputed by the Apoftolick See, and exhibit his Apofto
lick Commiffion. Then he muft.demand his Protection for himfelf, his
Colleague* Notary, Servants, and- their Effects, and. his Orders to his
Officials to obey the Inquifitor in apprehending Hereticks, their Believers,
Receivers, Defenders, -'Favourers, and fuch as >are defamed for Herefy ;
and that they do all and Angular Matters that belong to their Office, in
making Execution againft the aforefaid, to extirpate heretical Pravity,
and to extol the Catholick Faith, whenfoever, and as often as they are
required by the Inquifitor, or in1 his- Name. ¦'/ .at? v
j- Wheri he hath obtained thefe Letters, he muft likewife exhibit his
Apoftolick Commiffion to the Archbifhop and Metropolitan of the Pro
vince to which he is deputed ; as alfo to all the Bifhops and their Vicars,
to whofe Dioceffes he is fent. After this, he muft fhew the Letters, which
he hath obtained from the King or Temporal Lord of the Place, to hi's
Officials, arid: require of them,' according to, the Law of the Emperor
¦Frederick, that at the Defire of the Inquifitor,, or other Catholick Men,
they will apprehend Hereticks, and when taken, ftrictly keep them, till
being condemned by the Ecclefiaftical Cenfure, they perifh with an ac-
Gurfed Death. Finally, he takes' an Oath from thefe Officials for their
defending the Church againft heretical Pravity, and' that they will obejr
the Inquifitor with all their Might, for which End hefummons them
before

to 6 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N:
before him by Letters. If they appear, he.propofes the Form ofthe
Oath to them. If they content to take it, they muft do it publickly in
the Church, or in fome other Place appointed for that Purpofe, upon
their bended Knees, and their Hands upon the Book of the Gofpels, If
the Officials defire Time to confider, and refufe after the. Expiration. of
it to take the Oath, the Inquifitor, a few Days after, muft cite them be
fore him, and demand of them to take the Oath, under the Penalty of
Excommunication. If they appear within the fixed Term, and content
to fwear, the fame Form of the Oath is fhewn them. If they do not
appear, after the faid Time is elapfed, , they are declared, excommunicate,
and the Excommunication is ordered to be ¦ publifhed in , the Cathedral
Church. After the denouncing the Excommunicatipnj they are abfolved
from the Sentence of it if they will take the Oath, and enjoined fome
hard arbitrary wholefome Penance, as fhall be -moft conducive to the
Honour of the Faith. When their Abfolution is given, they are denoun
ced free from Excommunication. However, they cannot be abfolved,
unlets they .firft take this Oath,- at the. Command of the Inquifitor.' I
'fwear-, that I will obey the Commands of the Church.- Or thus: I fwear,
that I will ftand to, and obey thy Commands.
But if they abide under this Sentence of Excommunication two or
three Months, the Proceffes are aggravated, and they are commanded to
be denounced publickly excommunicated in the aforefaid Churches, with
lighted Candles, thrown. on the Ground, or put out in Water, and the
Bells rung once or ofterier in a Week or Day. If, without being terrified
by this Excommunication, they refufe to take the Oath, they are not only
excommunicated, but all who have any manner of Converfe with them,
who eat, drink, or talk with them. If, neverthelefs, they perfeverein
their Contumacy, their Lands are put under an Ecclefiaftical Interdict.
If after this they will not take the Oath, they are deprived of the Ho
nour and Office of Government, as Infamous, Favourers of Hereticks,
and fufpected of the Faith, and are condemned to be never hereafter
admitted to any publick Office or Dignity ; and whatfoever they do af
ter this is null. And this- Sentence is commanded to be publifhed by
thofe who have the Cure of Souls in the. Cathedral, and other Churches.
If the City or Place acquiefces in. the Sentence, and deprives fuch Per
fons of their Offices, others are chofe in their Room, who, before they
are admitted to the Difcharge of their Office, are bound to take the Oath
which the others have refufed. Biitif the City doth not fobmit to the
Sentence,, but fuppOrts their Officials; tho' deprived of their Offices by
the

The Hiftory of the IN Q U I S I T 10 N. 107
the Inquifitor, he may cut it off from all Communication with other
Cities,., and deprive it of the Epifcopal Dignity. . But they think it bet
ter to acquaint the Pope with the Contumacy of fuch a City, that he
may order in what Manner- to proceed againft it.
At this Day the Inquifitors in Spain, when they enter upon their Pro
vince or City, where they never were before, muft in the firft Place fhew
their Letters of Delegation, by which they are created Inquifitors, to the
Chapter of the greater Church, and Confiftory: of the City, that it may
appear that they are Judges ofthe CaufeS of Herefy. And fuch who
hjave offended therein muft be proferibed by the Inquifitors, and appre
hended and punifhed by the Royal Hand1.
But if the Officials, terrified by the more grievous Denunciation of the
Liquifitor, take the Oath, they are freed from their Excommunication ;
but receive an heavy Penance, which is always" encreafed, according as
their Contumacy ; is longer or more aggravated. In their firft Penance
they are enjOin'd to ftarid in the Gate of the Church, or on the' Steps be
fore the Altar, on feveral Sundays, or Holidays, whilft the greater Mafs
is faying, and whilft there is a large Concourfe of People, without Hat or
Shoes, and. to hold in their Hands a Wax-Taper of a certain Weight, and
to offer it to the Prieft when the Mafs is ended : Or they muftdo this al
ways, or. at , fome certainTime, when it happens that the Inquifitor
rtjakes a general Sermon for the Faith. Other milder Punifhments may
be alforthought of; for Inftance, fome larger Almfgiving, the building
fome Holy Place, and the like. But if they perfift longer in their Con
tumacy, there is fomewhat added ; by way pf Penance,, wliich directly
turns to the . Honour of the Chriftian Faith.
During thefe Tranfactions,; whether the Oath betaken or not, the In
quifitor may,-; and, muft, appoint in "eVefy Bifhoprick one Commiffary of
forty Years old/ a Religious or Secular Clergyman, a wife and prudent
Perfon, famous for Knowledge and Good Manners, and zealous for the
Hply Faith, with a Poweriof receiving Denunciations and Informations,.
or Accufations, from or againft- any Perfons whatfoever, and of proceed
ing* and. doing other Things, which, the Inquifitor; himfelf, if prefent,^
could do.

CHAP.

*o8 The Hiftory of the*m QU I S I TI QSE

_—

C HA P. -XV.
0/ the Promulgation of the Edict of F ait h."
fTpHE Commiffaries thus appointed or not, the Inquifitor appoints a
X' General Sermon. And that- there may be no Hindrance to the
Offices of the Church, he muft not appoint 'this Sermon on a folemn
Feftival, but on the common Sunday^ excepting Lent, ot the ' Advent?
and muft take Care that the Rectors of the Churches have thefe Letters
qf Indiction on Sunday,' that the Sunday after, they may appoint the ge
neral Sermon to be the; Sunday following. t And -that the Solemnity of*
that Day may be the greater, all Other 'Sermons0 on it muft be fufperid-
ed ; and it muft be notified to all the' Heads of ^Religious Houfesy and
Indigencies, of forty Days promifed to all who come' to the Sermon,
When the Sunday before that, on which the general Sermon is to riiade,
comes, the Inquifitor muft admPnifh the' Heads of Religious Houfes,
that two or four of each -Religion be prefent at the- faid Sermon* '->---> oi
' : On the* Sunday appointed, the Inquifitor makes the general Sermon to
the People, in which he'fpeakVconcernirigthe Faith, commends iyand
exhorts the People to the" Defence of it, < and the Extirpation of heretical
PraVity. When the Sermon is ended, he admonifhes the People,' that
*ti& their Duty to difcover it to the Inquifitor, if they have known any
Perfon that hath fpoken or done any thing1 againft -the Faith, 'or who-
holds any Error, a Afte^this Admonition, he commands' monitory Let
ters to be read from thb -Pulpit by his -INfefery, or fome other Clergyman,"'
by which all Perfons, of whatfoever Condition or State, Clergy or Laity,
are commanded, under ->'PaiM of ExcPmmnnicatiOn, to difcover to the
Inquifitor, within fix or twelve Days'next following,- any Heretick' of
Perfon fufpected -of Herefy, that they know; Thefe monitory Letters -are
an Edict of the Faith, and ufually read out of the Pulpit. ^ ThefForm
of which Edict will be found in our Appendix.
After the Sentence of Excommunication is read, the Inquifitor ex
plains, it more diftinctly, and reduces it to feveral Heads. Then he pub-
lifhes an Indulgence of forty Days to all who come to his Sermon, and
promifes,' in- the Name of the Pope, Indulgences for three Years, to all
who give him Counfel or Favour in his Office of reducing Hereticks. He

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O 'N. 109
He alfo adds three other Years of Indulgences to thofe who difcover to
him any Heretick, or Perfon defamed for Herefy, or fufpected, or who
in any other Cafe bear true Witnefs before him in a Caufe of Faith, ac
cording to the Privilege of Urban IV.
Finally, he afligns a Time of Grace to all Hereticks, and their Fa
vourers, and Perfons fufpected of Herefy, viz. the entire Month follow
ing, and promifes, that if within that Space they come to him freely, or
not admonifh'd, by Name, and don't wait till they are denounced, ac
cufed or apprehended, and voluntarily difcover their Guilt, and afk Par
don, they, fhall obtain large Pardon and Mercy, viz. Freedom from
Death, Imprifonment, Banifhment, and Confifcation of Effects. How
ever, this Power of granting Pardon is allowed the Inquifitors only
when they are fent to a City or Diocefe, in which the Inquifition is firft
erected ; but not when, upon the Death or Removal of an Inquifitor,
another is put into his Place. In Spain alio, the Letters Patent of fuch
Grace muft be inferred in the Edict.
The Publication of the Edict of Faith is repeated every Year, and all
are obliged, under Penalty of Excommunication, to be prefent at the
publifhing of it, and at the general Sermon concerning the Faith, unlefs
they are prevented by Sicknefs, Age, or any other Hindrance, and can
make a legal Excufe.
The Oath which all Perfons, riot only private, but Magiftrates, are
compelled by the Inquifitors to take, obliges therri not to obftruct the
Office of the Inquifition, either directly or indirectly. Such are believed
to obftruct it indirectly, who do not reveal the Truth they know, /. e.
do not accufe to the Inquifitor every one they know to be an Heretick,
or fufpected of Herefy. So that in Spain they are doubly obliged to ac
cufe to the Inquifitor every Heretick, firft under Penalty of Excommu
nication, which they incur if they are wanting in their Duty ; and fe-
condly, by their own Oath.
Nor is there any Regard to Kindred in this Affair. For the Brother
is: bound under the fame Penalty to accufe his Brother, yea, the Wife her
Hufband, and the Hufband his Wife, if guilty, or fufpected of Herefy.
Pegna. however thinks, that the Wife is to be excufed, if fhe doth not
accufe her Hufband for eating Flefh on prohibited Days, if the Hufband
be a terrible Fellow, and fhe is afraid of ill Ufage from him. In all other
Cafes he thinks the Wife is obliged to accufe her Hufband.
.. Lewis de Carvajal, .altho' Governor and Captain-General of the Pro
vince of Tampico and Pamico, was forced to walk out in publick Penance,
E e becaufe

%i& The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N.
becaufe he did not denounce four Women, who were fecretly Jews, and
to whom he was Uncle ; and that tho' a little before he had the honour
able Title, of Prefident, he was forced to hear his ignominious Sentence
publickly, was for ever deprived of all Offices under the King, reduced
to the loweft Mifery, and, thro' Grief and Wearinefs of -his Life, foon
went the Way of all Flefh.
'Tis difputed amongft the Popifh Doctors, whether a Son- be obliged
to accufe his Father, who' is a fecret Heretick,. or at leaft to difcover him
to the Judges. The general Opinion is, that he is obliged to it. Br
others think differently, becaufe there is no Law, natural, divine, or hu
man, that lays fuch a Burthen on the Shoulders of Children. And yet
even fuch who are of this Opinion, confefs the Son may do it, efpe
cially if the Father be incorrigible : Yea, think fuch a Son ought to be
commended who conquers his natural Love, and overcomes this moft.
flrong Affection, from an ardent Love .to Divine Religion. He muft,.
however, try every Method before-; he accufes his Father to the Judge.
But yet they teach, that there are two Cafes in which the Son is obliged
to betray his heretical Father to the Judges. , The firft, when the Son is
legally interrogated by the Apoftolick Inquifitors ; -the fecond, when the
Father's Herefy is dangerous to the Common-wealth.
The Reward of fiich Accufation is,- that the Son who thus, acts, is freed
from the Penalties ordained againft the Children of Hereticks, according
to the Law of the Emperor Frederick. • Nor do we think proper to exclude
from the Bounds of Mercy Juch, who not following the Herefy of their Fa
thers, Jhall dijcover their J'ecret Wickednefs ; fo that in what Manner fb-
ever the Father's Guilt be puniftoed,- let not the Innocence of their Children
be fubjeB to the aforefaid Punifhment.
And from this Obligation to accufe, ' no one is freed, of whatfoever Or
der and Dignity they may be. For the Edict of Faith obliges all. So
that they will have neither Princes nor Kings themfelves exempted.
Joan, the. Daughter of the Emperor Charles V. was cited by the Inqui
fitors to be interrogated before them, againft a certain Perfon, concerning
fome Things relating to the Faith. . She confulted her Father, who-ad-
vifed her to make her Depofition without any Delay, left fhe fhould incur
Excommunication, not only againft others, but even againft himfelf, if
fhe knew him to be blameable in the leaft Matter. Joan obeyed this
Command other Father, * and immediately depofed before Ferdinand
Valdez, Archbifhop of Seville, at that Time Bifhop and Inquifitor-
General. i ' 'Tis

The Hiftory of the I N QV I S I T I O N. *i 1
'Tis the prefent Cuftom in Spain for one of the Inquifitors in thefe
Acts, to vifit the Province, and to propofe general Edicts where-ever he
goes, by which he commands, under Penalty of Excommunication, that
whofoever knows of" any Thing done or faid againft the Catholick Faith
and Evangelick Law, he muft immediately difcover it to the Inquifitor.
Whatever is reported, muft be fecretly written down by the Notary of
the Inquifitors. The other of the Inquifitors remains in the City in
which their Refidence is fixed, and muft prefide, in ordering the Acts of
Caufes. But if there be no Occafion for his Refidence there, that he
may not fit idle, he muft vifit in the fame Manner the other Part of the
Province. This Vifitation and general Inquifition the Inquifitors muft make, each
in his Turn, thro' all the Cities and Corporations of their Province ; and
if they are negligent in this Affair, they muft be deprived of their Office.
In this Vifitation the Inquifitors may compel all thofe whom they judge
proper, to fwear and bear Witnefs, and muft take particular Care not to
be entertained by thofe who are related and akin to Hereticks, Jews, and
Mahometans, which muft alfo be obferved by their Minifters. Nor muft
they receive any Gratuity from the Perfons where they dodge, becaufe
they are to be content with their Salaries, and becaufe fometimes an inti
mate Friendfhip is contracted by this Means.
Whilft one pf them is vifiting the Province, the other Inquifitor ftays
at home, that all who come voluntarily may have Accefs to him. If
they come within the appointed Term, and accufe themfelves, he treats
them more gently. He muft not, however, admit them after the Man
ner of Sacramental Confeffion, but after the Manner of Confeffion in a
Judicial Court ; fo that they muft declare their Crime.before the Inqui
fitor, and the Notary take down their Confeffion.
After fiich Confeffion, every one of them is interrogated by the Inqui
fitor, whether he hath adhered to fuch Errors, or only. been in doubt con
cerning them ? For how long Space of Time he hath continued in them ?
From whom, and how he learnt them ? Whether he hath had and read
any heretical or fufpected Books ? What they were, from whom he had
them, and what he hath done with them ? Other Queftions are added
concerning his -Accomplices in Herefies, that he may tell the Names of
all thofe Hereticks, or Perfons fufpected of Herefy, whom he knows.
He is farther afked, Whether he hath ever been inquifited, proceffed, or
accufed or denounced in any Tribunal, or before any Judge, on account
of the aforefaid Errors, or other Things relating to Herefy ? He is alfo
E e 2 admonifhed

%i% The Hiftory of the INQUISITION:
admonifhed fimply to tell the whole1 Truth which fre knows,. as well of
himfelf as of others ; becaufe, if he is afterwards found deceitfully to
have concealed any Thing, he is -judged as one whofe .Confeffion is im
perfect, and as impenitent, and feignedly converted. Finally, he is in
terrogated, Whether he repents of thefe Errors and Herefies into which
he hath fallen ? And whether he is ready to abjure, curfe,~and deteft them,
and all other Herefies whatfoever, that exalt themfelves againft the Holy
Apoftolick and Roman Church, and to live for the future catholickly,
according to the Faith ofthe Church of Rome, and devoutly to. fulfill
the falutary Penance enjoined him ? - . l -
If the Inquifitor finds that he was before admonifhed, yet he is to be
dealt with more gently, becaufe he appeared voluntarily. For fuch are
faid voluntarily to return to Favour, who come within the Time of
Grace, altho' they have been, admonifhed. If or they don't appear to
be forced, fince they are apprehended by no one. Yea, tis the fame if
they come after the Time of Grace, whi|ft their Caufe is entire, becaufe
they were not perfonally required, nor the Proofs againft them received.
However, at their firft Appearance, the Inquifitors muft not write
down, that they appeared voluntarily ; becaufe fuch Appearance, after
Accufation, altho' the Perfon may not have been verbally cited, is not
prefumed to be voluntary, nor made with a candid and, pure Will, l. but
is rather thro' Terror, and unwilling, thro' Fear and Dread of dig Proofs,
to avoid the ordinary Punifhments. , However, it ,OTay be minuted down,:
that Such-a-one appeared not cited or called^
If the Crime be entirely concealed, the Inquifitor may abfolve him
fecretly, enjoining him wholefome Penanceno But if it -be not fecret, and
the Perfon confeffes that he hath not ordy believed wrong -but hath re
vealed his erroneous Belief to others, and, infected them, the Inquifitor i
muft proceed againft him, according to the, Canonical Sanctions;, but yet
in a milder Manner, becaufe he came pf himfelf, without being called
on, and within the Time of Grace.
If thofe who thus voluntarily confefs, fay, that, they have done any.
external Action againfl the Faith, without any Error of the Undfirftand-
ing, altho' fome fort of Proof may have .preceded, they muft. not be,
proved to be Hereticks ; for thofe who are ready to be corrected, muft
by no Means be reckoned amongft Hereticks. From thefe_ Things ,they
infer, that if any one confeffes that he hath done certain Jewifk. Cere
monies, or thofe of any other Sect, upon the account of .farne .Profit to
hinifelf, he is not to be accounted an, Heritick. This fometimes is the
o ~ Cafe

27j* Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 113
Cafe of Captives, who, without any other Intention but that of their
being better freed from their Captivity, externally deny the Faith. San
Vincente the Inquifitor tells us, That he faw a certain Perfon who want
ed to fatisfy his luflful Defires upon a Woman, who was one of the new
ly converted Saracens. She promifed to Me carnally with him, if he
would firft perform a Ceremony of their Sect, called Gaodoc. He, tho'
an old Chriftian, in order to gratify his lewd Inclinations, did it, but
immediately went and voluntarily confeffed it; adding, that he had no
other evil Intention. After confulting the Supreme Senate, he was ab
folved, An. 16 18. A Cafe may however happen, when a Perfon who
makes a voluntary Confeffion, may be obliged to abjure vehemently.
A certain new Chriftian of the Saracens being driven from Spain, was
afterwards taken by the Chriftians. He immediately accufed himfelf,
that whilft he was amongft the Moors, he did fome Ceremonies and
Acts of the Mahometan Sect, denying an evil Intention therein. But as
fome of thefe Things feemed to the Inquifitor entirely voluntary, viz.
his marrying an Infidel Moorip Woman for his Wife, without any Vio
lence, or any other Advantage, he examined his Fellow-Captives ; and
when it was proved that he made his Confeffion thro' Fear of Proof, it
was determined that he fhould abjure as vehement, which Determina
tion pleated the- Supreme Council. But when this very Criminal had
been kept in Cuftody a few Days, in order to his conferring the whole
Truth, he made the Confeffion defired, and was reconciled in Form.
And in this Cafe many fooliflily deceive themfelves with a falfe Opi
nion, believing, that becaufe Favour is promifed to fuch who appear vo
luntarily, they fhall be free from all Punifhment ; becaufe they are only
faved from thef more terrible ones, in being left to the Pleafure ofthe In
quifitors to inflict fome. penitential Punifhment on them, according to
the Nature, of their Crime, as will appear from the following Inftance.
" There was at: the City oi Cadiz, a certain Foreigner, who yet had
" lived in Spain for twenty Years, who, according to a common Su-
" ' perflation, dwelt in a Defart in a certain Chapel, upon the Account
" of Religion. Hearing in his Chapel of the great Number of thofe
" who were taken up every Day at Seville by the Inquifitors, for what
" they call the Lutheran Herefies ; having heard alfo of the Decree of
" the Inquifitors, by which he was commanded, under the Terrors of
"..Excommunication,.. immediately to difcover to the Inquifition what-
". foeyer freknew of thofe Things, either as to others or himfelf; the
" poor ftupid Hermit comes tp Smile, goes to the Inquifitors and ac-
" cufes

% 14 The Hiftory of 'the I N Q U I S I T I O N.
" cufes himfelf, becaufe he thought the faid Inquifitors would ufe finjga-
" lar Clemency towards thofe who thus betray'd themfelves. ^ His Crime
" was, That whereas, being about twenty Years before this at Genoa,
" and hearing a certain Brother of his difputing about a Man's Juftifica-
" tion by Faith in Chrift ; of Purgatory,- and other Things of the like
" Nature, he did not wholly condemn them, tho' he never thought of
«' them afterwards. -He therefore acknowledged his Crime, and came
" to afk Mercy. When the Lords Inquifitors had received his Con-
" feflion, they commanded the poor Hermit to Prifon, where, after a
" long Confinement, he was brought out in publick Proceflion, and was
" fentenced to wear the Sanbenito, to< three Years Imprifonment, and
" the Forfeiture of his Effects."
Sometimes alfo they ufe a certain Stratagem to draw Perfons to a-tvo-
luntary Appearance before the Inquifitors. " When they have appre-
" hended any remarkable Perfon, who hath been the Teacher of others,
" or who they know hath been retorted to by many others, upon account
"of his Doctrine and Learning, as being a Teacher, .and Preacher of
v" great Repute ; 'tis ufual with them to caufe a Report to be fpread
" amongft the People, by their Familiars, that being grievoufly tortured,-
" he had difcovered feveral of thofe that had .adhered to him, fuborning
" fome Perfons out of the neighbouring Prifons, to affert that they heard
" his Cries amidft his Tortures, in order to. give the greater Credit to the
" Report. Thefe Reports are fpread for this Reafon, that fuch who have
<l attended on his Inftructions, or have been any ways familiar with him,
" may in time go to the Holy Tribunal, confefs their Fault, and im-
" plore Mercy, before they arp fent for, or apprehended. By this Means
" they impofe on many, who, if they had waited for their Summons,
" had never been fiimmpned at all. Or if it fhould have happened that
" they had been fummoned, would not havebeen dealt with more fe-
" verely than they generally are who truft to the Inquifitors Promifes.
Ofthe three Methods of beginning the Procefs before the Tribunal of the
Inqjj isition.
If any appear within the Term afligned to difcover Hereticks, &c. to
reveal to the Inquifitor certain Matters relating to the Faith, fuch * De-
-* There it this Difference between a Denunciation and an Accufation. A Denunciation doth
not difable the Perfon that makes it to be a Wltnefi, as an Accufation doth. nunciations

The Hiftdiy of the 1 NQU I S I T 1 0 N. us
nunciations muft be received judicially. If fo great a Number appear,
that the Denunciations of all cannot be taken judicially, the Inquifitor
muft provide himfelf with a diftinct Book in every Diocefe, to write
down in it all the Denunciations brought to him, the Names of the De
nouncers and Witneffes, and the Town and Place where tbey dwell ;
which Book he keeps privately to himfelf, that the Names of the De
nouncers may not be difcovered, and they thereby come into any
Danger. When the Time of Grace is elapfed, the Inquifitor triuft carefully ex
amine the Informations, ^viz, which have the greater Appearance of
Truth, and which Crimes are more heinous and prejudicial to the Faith.
Where this appears he begins to make Inquifition, by citing the Informer,
giving him his Oath, and taking the beft Information from him that
he can. If he finds no Appearance of Truth, he over-rules it ; buthow*
ever, muft not cancel the Information out of his Book, becaufe what;
may not be difcovered at one time,1 may at another. If he finds an Ap
pearance of Truth, he makes farther Inquifition.
Now there are three Ways of Proceeding and beginning the Procefs.
Firft, by Accufation, which muft be preceded by * Infcription. Secondly,
by Denunciation, which muft be preceded by a charitative Admonition.
But 'tis now the Cuftom in Spain, that Hereticks, altho* cpncealed, muft
be immediately difcovered to the Judges, without any brotherly Cor
rection. So that thofe who, under pretence of brotherly Correction, do
not difcover fecret Hereticks to the Inquifitors, and thofe who advife them
not to do it, are punifhed as Concealers of Hereticks, and as Hinderers of
the Office of the Holy Inquifition. Thirdly, by Inquifition, which muft
be preceded by notorious Sufpicion. This Inquifition' is either General
or Special. The General is, wherifoever the Inquifitors vifit their Pro
vince, or when being newly created, they go to the Provinces decreed,
to them, and begin to exercife their Inquifitory Office. For then they
publifh general Edicts, to enquire out fecret and uncertain Hereticks,
for the Exercife of which there is rio Need of preceding Infamy. But
the Inquifitors are obliged, ex off do, thus to act at certain ftated Times.

* Infcription is a certain Inftrument, by which the Acculer, if he fails in his Proof, binds
himfelf to undergo the fame Puniflunent, which the accufed Perfon muft, if the Grime he is
accufed of be fiilly proved. But

lid The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
But of thefe three Methods of Proceeding, the firft, by way of Ac
cufation, is not ufed ; the fecond, by Formation, altho' common and
ufual, yet feems rather to be the Beginning than the Completion of the
whole Procefs ; becaufe , upon Information given againft thofe who are
guilty of High-Treafon againft the Divine Majefty, to the Judges of the
Faith, they begin to enquire and to proceed, and in this whole Affair
the Inquifition claims to itfelf what is otherwife done chiefly by Witr
neflfes. And therefore the Judges are called Inquifitors, and the Tribu
nal and Minifters are faid to be of the Office of the moft Holy Inquifi
tion, from this third Method of Proceeding by Inquifition.
How the Procefs begins by way of Inquisition.
When the Procefs is made by Inquifition, he who goes to the. Inqui-
tor fays, that he doth not appear as an Accufer or Denouncer, but only
relates to him that there is fuchfa Report, and that it hath frequently come
to the Ears of the Inquifitor from grave and reputable Perfons, that fuch
a one hath done or faid fome Things againft the Faith, and the publick
Report plainly difcovers the common Infinuation. And by this Means
the Procefs is carried on.
Then the Inquifitor caufes certain Witneffes to be cited, efpecially grave
and reputable Perfons, and in the Prefence of a Notary, and two Reli
gious, or otherwife reputable Perfons, enquires of them only concerning
the Report. Whether tis the common Report of fuch a one, that he
did or faid fuch Things againft the Faith ? How they know there was
fuch a Report ? How long fuch Report hath been ? Whether they know
fuch Perfon to be defamed ? Whether they know whence the Report
arofe? Whether from ili-difpofed Perfons or- others ? And the like.
When the Report is thus proved, the Inquifitor pfoceeds to enquire
out the Truth of the Affair. For this Purpofe he caufes the Witneffes to
be cited, and efpecially fuch as have been intimate with the Perfon ac
cufed, and other reputable Men, and zealous for the Faith ; and after
giving them their Oath, he enqujres of them, not concerning: the Re
port, but the Thing itfelf, in Prefence of the Notaries, and two Religious
or reputable Perfons. After this he proceeds to draw out a Confeffion
from the Criminal himfelf. And firft he goes to the Place of the Inqui
fition, where, when the Criminal appears before him, he tells him that
heis excited and moved by the Fame and frequent Reports, that he, the
Criminal, appearing and ftanding before him, hath taught, written, or
publickly

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. r\j
publickly declared certain Things againft the Truth of the Catholick
Faith, or that he hath believed and favoured fuch who teach thefe Things,
Or received or defended them. That therefore he, according to his Of
fice, cannot diflemble that there is fuch a Report ; however, that he will
not condemn, him, till thefe Crimes are legally and plainly proved be
fore him.
If the Criminal be not defamed of the Crimes laid in the Articles of
the Inquifition, and he makes this Exception, the Promoter Fifcal and
the Denouncer muft neceffarily prove the Defamation.
If this cannot be done, the Criminal, is abfolved from all farther
Concern in Judgment. He may alfo prove himfelf to be a Perfon of
good Report. For Inftance, if he is accufed of being defamed for de
fending the Doctrine of an Heretick, by fome Writing that he publifh
ed, he may prove that he confuted fuch Doctrine by writing againft it ;
or if he be accufed of harbouring an Heretick, in fome Houfe belong
ing to him, he may prove that he hath no Home in that Place, nor ever
had fince fuch Perfon hath been taken for an Heretick. He may like-
wife object, that fuch evil Report was raifed of him by loofe and infa
mous Perfons, Enemies, Confpirators, and the like.
But if the Inquifitor proceeds and inquifits not at the Promotion, De
nunciation, or Inftance of another, but ex mero officio, the Criminal is not
to be heard when he excepts, that he is not defamed of the Crime ob
jected to him j nor is the Judge obliged to regard fuch Infamy ; for
there is no Perfon who can oblige him to do it, unlefs the Criminal ap
peals. In this Cafe the Judge muft inform his Superior of the Infamy
of the Appellant. If alfo any one departs from the common Converfa-
tionof the Faithful in Divine Worfhip, he is not to be heard, if he al-
ledges-that he is hot defamed. For Inquifition may be made againft him
without Infamy. How the Process begins by Accufation.
When the Accufer reports to the Inquifitor any Crime committed by
another, and ,the Accufation hath the Appearance of Truth, they pro
ceed in this Manner, according to the Inftruction of Eymerick, which
hath been long obferved, Firft the Inquifitor enquires, Whether the Ac-
cufer will accufe, and proceed in the Affair by way of Accufation, or not?
If he fays he, will -proceed by way of Accufation, he is tp.be admonifh
ed by the Inquifitor, th^t he renders himfelf liable to the Punifhment of
N°- 8. Ff Retaliation,

1 1 S Tie Hiftory of the I N Q U I ¦ S I T I O Ni'
Retaliation, unlets his Proof be good., But this Method of Proceeding
Ae Inquifitor muft not eafily allow,, becaufe tis not cuftomary in a
Caufe ofthe Faith, and becaufe tis very dangerous, and greatly diffi
cult to the Accufer. But if the Aecttfer perfifts, he muft give his Accu,-
fetion in Writing, which muft be written by the Notary, in order to be
gin the Procefs. But others contend, that in the Crime of Herefy 'tis
not neceffary that a Perfon fhould oblige himfelf to the Law of Reta-
Iktion* And as they now feldom admit the Perfon of an Accufer, they
have conftituted a publick Minifter,. whom they call the Fifcalx wha
fuftains the Perfon of the Accufer, and aeeufes the Criminals, who doth
not oblige himfelf to the Punifhment of Retaliation, nor any others
which falfe Accufers ufually fuffer.
How the Process begins by Denunciation*.
But if the Accufer fays, as is commonly the Cafe, that he will not
accufe, but denounce; and that he doth this thro' Fear of incurring, the
Penalty of Excommunication, ordered by the. Inquifitor for difcovering
Things pertaining to the Faith within the prefcribed Term, then the
Inquifitor prepares himfelf to make Inquifition. And becaufe this is the
ordinary and moft generally ufed Method of the Inquifition, I will de
fcribe it more largely and diftinctly, that hereby the whole Method of
making Inquifition may be more fully underftood. j
When the Denouncer, who is alfo. called the appearing Witnefs, comes.
to the Bifhops: or Inquifitors, before the Notary takes his Denunciation
in a juridical Manner, he is ufually afked, what he hath to propofe ?
that they may know, whether what he is determined to denounce be-?
longs to the Holy Office. Becaufe fometimes Country ignorant People,
or thofe who are troubled with Scruples, bring fuch Matters' before them,
the Cognifance of which doth not belong to the Inquifitors. When they
find that the Crime brought before them is cognifable by the Holy Of
fice, they make the Denouncer fwear that he will relate the Truth. After
this the Notary receives the whole Denunciation before the Bifhop or In
quifitor, or their Vicar, taking down the Denunciation, ot the Report
of the Denouncer in the firft Perfon. And that there 'may no Doubt
arife as to the Validity of the Oath, to fppil the Credit of the Denun
ciation, as the Inquifitor doth not only take an Oath from the Denouri-
cer or Witnefs voluntarily appearing, but alfo from the Witnefs who is
cited, upon the Holy Scriptures touched with their- Hands; fo 'tis far
ther

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 119
ther requifite, that the Notary fliould write at length, that fuch a one
took his Oath touching the Scriptures, and not only write down, touching
with an &c that there may be no Difficulty in defending fuch Acts upon
account of this Defect.
The Oath being taken, the Denouncer is interrogated concerning va
rious Things by the Inquifitor. " Firft, If he be not a well known
*' Perfon, he is interrogated concerning his own Name, Sirname, Coun-
" try, Employment, and Place of Abode. Then, how long he hath
" known N. againft whom he denounces ? Likewife, how he came to
"" know him ? Again, whether he obferved that the aforefaid N. was
lt fufpected of Matters relating to the Faith from his Words, or his
<c Actions ? Likewife, how often he had feen the faid N. do or fay thofe
<c Things for which he thought him an Heretick, or fufpected of He-
*' refy ? Likewife, at what Time, and in the Prefence of whom, the afore-
*( faid AT. did or faid thofe Things of which he is denounced? Likewife,
" whether the aforefaid N. hath had any Accomplices in the aforefaid
" Crimes, or any Writings belonging to the Offences denounced ? Like^
<c wife, to what End and Purpofe the aforefaid Things were done or faid
<c by the aforefaid N. whether ferioufly, or in Jeft ? If it appears that
" there was a long Interval of Time between the Commiflion of the
" Crimes denounced, and the making the Denunciation, the Inquifitor
" interrogates the Denouncer, Why he deferred fo long to come to the
<l Holy Office, and did not depofe before ? efpecially if he knew, that
<f he incurred the Penalty of Excommunication by fuch Omiffion.'*
They account this Interrogatory neceflary for two Reafon s. Firft, Be
caufe the Delay of Denouncing may give a juft Prefumption of Calumny
in the Denouncer. Secondly, That it may be known, whether he hath
been compelled by his Confeffor to denounce, upon his Refufal to ab
folve without denouncing, in which Cafe greater Credit is given
to the Denouncer. " He is moreover afked, Whether he knows any
" Thing farther ofN. which concerns the Holy Office, or of any other
" Perfon ? Likewife, Whether he hath at any time had any Caufe of Ha-
" tred or Enmity with the aforefaid N. and whence it proceeded ?
" With what Zeal, and with what Intention he comes to the Holy Of-
" Hee, and to make Denunciation ? Whether he hath denounced thro*
u any Paffion of Mind, Ill-will, Hatred, or Subornation ? And he is ad-
*' monifhed ingenuoufly to tell the Truth." He is efpecially interrogated
how he came by his Knowledge, becaufe on that principally the Truth
and Weight of the Teftimony depends, From the Denunciation^ and
F f 2 the

aao The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N.
the Anfwers to thefe Interrogatories, they form other Queftions, that there
may be nothing wanting in the Inquifition. And whatfoever the De
nouncer anfwers to thefe Interrogatories, the Notary writes down.
The Denunciation thus received, three Things are ufually obferved be
fore the Denouncer goes from Audience. Firft, the whole Denunciation,
as written down, muft be read over to the Denouncer, that he may add;
take away, or alter as he pleafes. Secondly, The Denouncer muft fubfcribe
to his Depofition ; or if he can't write, he muft at leaft put under it the
Sign of the Crofs. Thirdly, The Denouncer muft take an Oath of Se-
crefy. All thefe Things are exactly written down by the Notary.
Sometimes the Denouncers bring with them their Denunciation writ
ten down by themfelves, which they give to the Inquifitor. Wheh this
is done, the Inquifitor receives it in the Place of Audience, and gives it
to the Notary to infert in the Procefs.- .The Notary alfo further ihferts
in the Acts, that N. delivered his Denunciation in Writing to the faid
Inquifitor, containing fo many Leaves, beginning thus, &c- and ending
thus, Sfc. and the Inquifitor commands the Denouncer to fubfcribe his
Name. After the Denouncer hath difcharged his Duty by legally denouncing,
he hath no farther Concern, but the whole Affair is'left to the Inquifitor
to make InquifitiOn concerning the Offence Of the Offender, from the
Witneffes named by the Denouncer. ' Before therefore we proceed to the
Examination of the Witneffes, we muft premife fome Things concern
ing the Witneffes themfelves, viz." as to their Perfon'and 'Number. '
All Perfons may be Witneffes as well in Civil as Criminal Caufes that
are not exprefly prohibited.' In the Affair of the Inquifition, in Favour
of the Faith, all Perfons,' even fuch as ate. riot allowed- in other Tribu
nals, < are admitted as Witneffes, Enemies only excepted. But' here they
diftinguifh between the Accufer or Denouncer, and the Witnefs. For
although an Enemy can never be a Witnefs, he rri'ay be an Accufer or
Denouncer, and his Denunciation muft not be neglected by the Inqui
fitor. .' ; •
But 'tis quite otherwife as to Witneffes themfelves, for an Enemy is
riot;admitted as a Witnefs. Not that every fort of Enmity prevents a Per
fon from being a Witnefs, but mortal Enmity only. So that, accord
ing to them, feveral "Crimes do indeed leffen the Credit of the Evidence,
but do not wholly render the Perfons incapable of being Witneffes. In
like manner every fort of (Enmity doth indeed fomewhat Weaken the
Weight of the Evidence, but don't entirely overthrow it, unlefs it be
mortal Enmity. v1 The

The Hiftory of the IN QUISITION. m
The Caufes by which we are to judge of mortal Enmity, are various,
and determined by the Spanip Law. If any one hath killed,- or endea
voured, Or even threatned to kill the Kinfman of that Perfon againft
Whom he would bear witnefs ; if he hath laid Snares for his Life, or
accufed him of a Crime, which, if proved, would be punifhed with
Death, Lofs of a Member, Banifhment, or the Forfeiture of all, or the
greateft Part of his Eftate. And becaufe the Names of the Witneffes
are not difcovered to the Perfon accufed, as fhall be fully fliewn here
after, becaufe ofthe Danger that might accrue to them, the Inquifitors are
ordered to enquire concerning the Enmity of the .Witneffes, arid to fearch
out if there are any Caufes, from which it may be probably gathered
that there is mortal Enmity between the Criminal and them, the whole
of which is left to the Prudence and Pleafure of the Inquifitor. But if
an Enemy be reconciled, he may be a Witnefs, provided the Recon
ciliation be not new, but of long ftanding. Whether it be one or the
other, the Inquifitor is to determine. , M!"
f But- except thefe mortal Enmities, almoft all kind of Perfons may be
admitted as Witneffes by the Inquifitor.
Firft, Perfons excommunicated, and guilty of the fame Crime.
Next to Perfons excommunicated, are joined Hereticks, Jews, and In
fidels, who, in the Crime of Herefyy are admitted as Witneffes againft
Hereticks. But becaufe 'tis provided by the Laws,, that Hereticks fhall
not be admitted as Witneffes, an Heretick is not allowed as a Witnefs
for one of the Faithful. But if an Heretick, whether in Prifon. or elfe-
where, charges one of the Faithful, or one who is efteemed as fuch,
with the Grime of Herefy, or as a Partaker of his Crime, tho* this doth
not amount to half Proof, fo as to occafion his being apprehended, yet
it is Difcovery enough to proceed to a fecret Inquifition againft him.
But, as was faid, the Teftimony of an Heretick againft an Heretick, is
admitted, but not for an Heretick. They affirm the fame of '.a Jew
and an Infidel, who, when they are admitted as Witneffes, muft
riot fwear Upon the Gofpels as Chriftians do, but according to their own
Laws. ; . . ¦.
In, like manner the Teftimony of a Wife, Sons, and Daughters, or
Domefticks, againft Perfons accufed of Herefy, is allowed, but by no
Means, in' their Favour and. Bqhalf. The Reafon Simancas gives, why
Kindred' are admitted as Witneffes againft Kindred,, is, becaufe 4:hey can't
poffibly • be fufpected.. Yea fome addy i that when other Proofs are want
ing, the: Judge; may compel 'riot only a Brother, but even a Wife, or
Son,

^i The Hiftory 'of the TNQUI S I TI O N.
Son, to witnefs againft a Father. Servants alfo may be tortured againft
itheir 'Matters.
Even perjured Perfons, who having taken an Oath 'before the 'Inqui
fitors to fpeak the Truth, have forfwOrn themfelves by concealing it, and
would afterwards correct themfelves, and fwear back again againft them
felves and others, are to be admitted, if it plainly appears that they act
not from Levity of Mind, nor the Inftigation of Enmity, nor Jrom be
ing corrupted by Money, but from their Zeal for, the Orthodox Faith ;
and that on this Account they would difcover in Favour of the Faith
what they had concealed before, as Alexander 'IV. hath decreed, and as
may be found in the VI. of the Decretals. And altho' perjured Perfons
are not allowed as Witneffes even after Repentance^ yet 'tis quite diffe
rent in a Caufe of the Faith ; and the Doctors obferve, that fuch a one's
fecond Depofition muft be ftood to, when hereby he difeovers the Grime
of Herefy. But if when he takes his fecond Oath, he denies what he
depofed concerning Herefy when he took his firft,, the' firft Depofition
muft be ftood to, and not the fecond ; for which they give this lleafon j
•becaufe he may have fpoken with the Criminal, and fo is prefumed to
,-be corrupted and fuborned, and therefore his firft Depofition ftands
firm. Farther, infamous Perfons may be admitted as Witneffes in this; Tri
bunal, fiich as Whores and Bawds, when they teftify of Things dpne in
.the Bawdy-houfe. JSuch.alfo as are under the Ban, whom the, Inquifi-.
tors may cite before their Tribunal, and grant a fafe Conduct, that they
may be examined as Witneffes in the Tribunal of the Inquifition,, althq-
the Secular Prince hath put them under the Ban, becaufe. the Inquifitor
is greater than any Supreme, Secular Judge, and may proceed in Caufes
of the Faith freely, and without any Impediment whatfoever of Law of
Fact. Ufurers alfo, Baftards, common Blafphemers, common Gamer
fters, Perfons quite drunk, and not only exhiletated by Wine, Stage?
Players, and Prize-Fighters, Apoftates from Religion, Perfons haftina-
doed, Bankrupts,, Traitors, Backbiters and Spendthrifts.. But they add,
that thefe are not Witneffes above all Exception, and that they amount
only to half Proof ; that they may be admitted to prove Herefy, and
the fubftantial Circumftances that prove it ; fuch as Familiarity with He
reticks,, Secret Conventicles, and the like; but not the external Circum
ftances neceffary to it, Baptifin for Inftance, which is pre-requifite in the
Cafe of Herefy. Befides the Number of Witneffes may make good their
Incapacity, though every onefingly fhould be incapable of being a Witnefs i

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. it ?
hefs ; yea, if the Number be large, 'tis fufficient to inflict the ordinary
Prinifhment. This Number they fix, and fay that four are fufficient to
condeftiri the Cririiinal to the ordinary Punifliment. Others leave it to
the Inquifitor to determine the Number1.
Here tis td be obferved, that a Witriefs, whatfoever he is, faying one
Thing out of the Trial, is not allowed to fay the contrary in the Trial ;
fothat they ftand to what he firft fays, unlefs 'tis to be prefumed that
he fpoke ffaudulenty. As if a Witnefs Of mean Fortune fhould fay in
the Prefence of fome great Perfon fomewhat in his Favour, and after
wards fhould fay upon Oath the contrary, what he firft fays muft not
ftandgood, beearife 'tis prefumed he faid it to pleafe the Party, but
what he afterwards fays at the Trial muft be allowed, becaufe 'tis fup
pofed he fpeaks Truth through Fear of his Oath. 'Tis otherwife where
there is no fiich Prefumption. Of the Number of the W i t n e ss e s.
As to the Number of the Witneffes, 'tis generally believed that two
Witneffes are fufficient fully to prove Herefy, and to condemn any one
for Herefy. But 'tis neceflary they fhould be worthy of Credit, and, as
they fay, above all Exception* Hence it is, that tho' excommunicated
Perfons, and thofe guilty of the fame Crimes, are not abfolutely rejected
from being Witneffes againft Hereticks, their Defenders, Receivers, and
all other fufpected Perfons, yet full Credit is not to be given to them,
unlefs it appears that they fpeak Truth, from probable Conjectures, the
Number and Quality of the Perfons, and other Circumftances.
'' The Informer Or Denouncer is now alfo reckoned amongft the Wit
neffes. Forakho' no Man can be Accufer and Witnefs in the fame
Caufe, yet he who difcovers an Heretick to the Judges, is a legal Wit
nefs. For, as they fey, fuch a Witnefs is not influenced by any private
Advantage, but by a Zeal for the moft Holy Religion, and for the Pub
lick Benefit pf the Catholick Church, and with a View to the Amend
ment of the Heretick. Nor can he have any private Intereft to difcover
an Heretick, but only as being of the Number of the Chriftian People,
in which Cafe they affirm the Teftimony of the Informer to be com
pleat. Several fingle and entirely- different Witneffes have no more Weight
than one Witnefs. There

ai4 The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S IT I O Nf
There are fome who fay that/a Man maybeproved to be an Heretick
by fingle Witneffes, as if one fhould witnefs againfl him for one Herefy,
another for another, and others likewife for otjier Herefies.^ In fuch a
Cafe they affert it will be proved in general, ^at the Man is an Here
tick. But as particular Herefy can't be proved by fingle and feparate
Witneffes, fo neither can it be proved that anyone is an Heretick in ge
neral by the fame Witneffes ; for by the fame way it might be proved
that a Man was a Catamite in general ; upon which Occafion Simancas
gives us a pleafant Story. A certain Perfon, a Year ago, cried out, and
faid, it was proved in general by fingle Witneffes, that fuch a one was a
Catamite. I remember, fays he, I anfwered, if this wicked Crime is
proved in general, let the Punifhment likewife be inflicted in general.
Let the Individual be fafe, and, if you pleafe, let the Catamite in ge
neral be burnt.
Yet there are two Cafes, in which Herefy may be proved by fingle
Witneffes. The firft is, when the Witneffes teftify of the fame Species
of Herefy, but are different as to the Place arid Time. For they agree
in the Proof of the fame Herefy, whereas the Place and Time are quite
foreign Things, and are not neceflary Circumftances to the Proof of
Herefy. The fecond .is, when fingle Witneffes aim at the fame End,
are many in Number, and worthy of Credit.
However, in fuch a Cafe, 'tis left to the Inquifitors Pleafure to pro
ceed as they think fit, as 'tis exprefly commanded in the Conftitutron&pf
the Bifhop of Albano, Legate of the Apoftolick See, who, 'tis probable,
was appointed Legate, and publifhed by the Pope's Commiffion many
Conftitutions, relating to the Punifhment of Hereticks, and the Order
of proceeding againft them, about the Time when the poor Men of
Lions, or the Albigenfes, and other Hereticks, infefted the Countries of
France and Lombardy. Thefe Conftitutions are very ufefol to private In
quifitors, to enable them to determine rightly and profitably Caufes and
Controverfies of the Faith, and are extant in an old Parchment Manufcript
in the Vatican Library, and in a very old one at Florence. Amongft
other Things in it, tis thus determined : But when the Witneffes or In
formers differ in what they depofe, but yet agree in the Subfiance and Na
ture of the Thing, we leave it to the Pleafure of the Inquifitors fo to pro
ceed, as, in the Sight of God, they pall think fit, efpecially if common
Fame, and the Fitnefs and Credit of the Depojers, agree and make againfl
him who is to undergo the Inquifition. "Of

The Hift6ry of the I N QUI S IT ION.: ii*
Of the Examination cf the W i T n e s s e S.
After having thus fpoken of the Witneffes themfelves, I now come to
their Examination. When therefore the Witneffes named by the Infor
mer are found out, the Inquifitor orders them to be cited by his Spiritual
Meffenger, to the Office of the Inquifition, where, when they come,
they are legally examined. Firft, they take an Oath upon the Scriptures
to fpeak the Truth. After this he isafked by the Inquifitor, Whether he
knows, or can guefs, the Caufe of his Citation and prefent Examination?
If he fays yes, he is interrogated, how he knew it ? If he fays no, he is
interrogated, whether he hath known, or doth now know any one or
more Hereticks, or Perfons fufpected of Herefy, or at leaft is able to
name any fuch ? Simancas gives a fhort Account of this Matter. {Ij
" When the Witneffes come to the Inquifitors, to teftify againft He-
-" reticks or fufpected Perfons, they are to be exhorted and admonifhed,
-" that they don't dare to give falfe Witnefs thro' Hatred, Enmity, or
" other evil Affection. And befides, it muft be declared to them, how
tc heinous a Wickednefs all falfe Witneffes commit, but efpecially thofe
" who defame innocent Perfons with the Crime of Herefy. But, if they
-u affirm, that they are- moved only by a Zeal for the Catholick Faith,
" their Teflimonies are to be written down."
'Tis the Cuftom in fome Inquifitions, that before the Criminal is ap
prehended, the Witneffes named by the Denouncer fhould, after two or
three Days, be cited again, and interrogated upon Oath, laying their
Hands on the Scriptures, whether they have any farther Truth to com
municate befides what they depofed in their former Examination. And
whatfoever is the Anfwer, the Notary takes it from his Mouth. . -••¦
If there be Reafon to apprehend from the Circumftances of the Wit
nefs,. that he will difcover the Caufe, he is enjoined Silence, under the
Ifenalty of Excommunication,, lata fent entice, after a fingle Admoni
tion, and other Penalties, at. the Pleafure of the Holy Office. Some^-
timesalfo, for. juft Reafons, they take Care and.comrnand. the Witnefs or
Witneffes not to depart from the Palace or Houfe of the Inquifitor, withi.
out the. exprefs' Leave of the Inquifitor, written under his Hand.
After the fame Manner all other Witneffes named by the Informer iri
his'Inform'ation, are examined. ac :
a But if the Informer:be alfoia Par takpr and Partner in. the- Grime; .and
rwhen. informing againft his heretical Companions, depofes nothing againft
v ¦ G g himfelf,

a %6 The Hiftory ofthe I :N QU I S I T I O N.
himfelf, and any Thing appears againft him from the Examinatipn of
the Witneffes or Accomplices, he is cited by the Inquifitor, and proceed
ed againft as a Criminal, but punifhed in a milder Manner, becaufe of
his having informed againft others.
In the Examination of Witneffes, in many Places, there muft be five
Perfons prefent. The firft is the Judge, /. e. the Inquifitor or his Com-r
miflary, whofe Bufinefs is to examine the Witneffes and Perfons accufed,
by forming Articles and Interrogatories upon them. The fecond is the
Witnefs. Every one of thefe muft firft fwear to fpeak the Truth, other^
wife their Depofition will be invalid. The Form of the Oath is com
monly this : I fwear by God and the Crqfs, and the four moft Holy Gofpek,
now touched with my Hands, that I willjpeak the Truth. If I do, fb help
tne God; if I do not, fo God condemn me. The third Perfon is the Wri^
ter, who writes down the Interrogatories of the Inquifitor, and the AnT
fwers.of the Perfon accufed, and the Witnefs. He muft be a publick
Perfon, viz. a Notary that hath Authority, either a Layman, ox Clergy
man, or a Religious. But when the Inquifitor cannot have fuch a pub
lick Perfon, or Notary, he may chufe two proper Perfons, Secular, or
.Ecclefiaftical, who jointly have the Power and Authority of one publick
Perfon, and thefe two act by the Apoftolick Authority in Writing. The
fourth and fifth Perfons are two who aflift the Inquifitor, and are Wit
neffes to the whole Examination^ and they muft be two difcreet Meri,
religious, or otherwife reputable. But when the Inquifitor cannot con
veniently have thefe two Perfons prefent at the whole Examination of the
Witnefs, or Perfon informed againft, he muft, at leaft, have them at die
End of the Depofition, when the Depofition is, read over by the Notary
to the Witnefs that depofes, or the Informer, in the Prefence of the In
quifitor, and the two aforefaid difcreet Perfons, and then the Witnefs is
afked if he ftands to and perfeveres in that Depofition. If he doth, 'tis
written in the Acts, how that in the Prefence of fuch Perfons the De*-
pofition was read to him, and he flood to it, and perfevered in it. And
this Eymerick thinks is fufficient. But as Pegna tells us, the Proceflbs
are now carried on in the Holy Tribunal generally withput the Pretence
or Intervention of thefe Perfons, and the 'Supreme Seriate of the Roman
and General Inquifition allows the Proceffes thus formed. And indeed^
thefe two Perfons are of no Ufe. The Pretence for their being prefent
is, that there may be no Sufpicion of foul Play, when the Things trans
acted are feen by' fo. many Eyes, and open to, fo many Senfes ; and that
they may know the Witneffes in the Stead of the abfent Criminal. But
how

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 117
how doth it make any thing to the Defence of the Criminal, that his
Accufers are known to Perfons that he himfelf knows nothing of, and who
are forbidden to difcover any Thing to him ?
The Witneffes muft be examined by the Inquifitors themfelves, nor
muft their Exarriination be committed by any Means to any one elfe, un
lets the Witneffes are juftly hindered, and the Judges cannot eafily go to
them^ or ought not. In this Cafe the Inquifitors may commit the Ex
amination of the Witneffes to the Bifhop's Vicar, or other Ecclefiaftical
Judge, or to fome fkilful and prudent Man, who, with a Notary or Se
cretary to write down the Depofitions in the Caufe, muft diligently exa
mine the Witneffes, and fend the Manner and Conftancy, and other Cir
cumftances of the Witneffes and their Depofitions to the Inquifitors.
How the Criminals, when informed againft, are fent to Prifon.
1
When the fkilful Men or Counfellofs are called together to give proper
Advice, either as to the Quality of the Propofitions, Or the Weight of
the Proofs and Difcoveries, or as to fhe Procefs or giving Sentence, or
any doubtful Article of the Caufe, that nothing may appear in the whole
Affair but a burning and ferious Zeal for the Divine Glory, they make
folemn Prayers to the Holy Ghoft, whieh are ufually faid over in all the
Congregations. The Inquifitor and Counfellors fay them on their bended
Knees. The Form is this \
We are here prefent, O God the Holy Ghoft, we are here detained with
the Greatnefs of Sin, but gathered together fpecially in thy Name. Come
to us, be prefent with us, vouch fafe to enter into our Hearts, teach us what
we fhould do, where we pould walk, and pew us what we ought to per
form, that we mafb& able to pleaje thee, affifting us in all Things. Be thou
the Health, the Suggefiqr and Maker of our Judgments, who alone with God
the Father and his Son, poffeffefi a glorious Name. Suffer us not to be
Perverters of Juffice, O thou who loveff the ftriBeft Equity. Let not Ig-
nofance^ draw tis tq the Left, let not Favour bend us>, nor Regard to Office or
Perfon corrupt us, but join us tothyfelf ejfeBually by the Gift of thy only
Grace, that we may be one in thee-, and in nothing deviate from the Truth ;
and as we are gathered together in thy Name, fo let us in all Things pre-
ferve Juftice moderated by Piety, thai our Sentence here may in nothing
differ* from thee-, and that hereafter we may obtain Everlafting Rewards
fir our good Deeds. When the' Prayer is ended, all anfwer, Amen.
G g 2 This

az8 Z^, Hiftory of the J N QU I SI T I O N.
" This Prayer, in the Time of Carfw, was recited, in the Inquifition, ai
-Cremona, 'by Cardinal Campbreus, . Bifhop of that City, ,tfee Inquifitor.On
his Right-Hand at a Corner pf. the; Table; and the Vicar-General at his
Left at another Corner, arid the Other Counfellors in. their -Order^. all on
their Knees. -., But if a fingle Bifhop only- is prefent,. then the; Bifhop and
Inquifitor fit at the Head of the T^ble, their Seats being, equal, in all the
Inquifitions in Italy. But the Bifhop .fits by Virtue of bis Epifcopa} Dig
nity, in the Seat placed on the Right:Hand,* and the : Inquifitor in the
other,. -:Thefe:Prayers- being over, the; Jnquifttor cpnfults whether the £fi>p£-
fan.ceof the Crimes, which are denounced 'and proved by^the Witneftes;
belongs to the Holy Office, a If there be $ny Doubt of this,, he muft call
in the Qualificator Divines, who muft give their Opinion written and
fubfcribed with their own Hands, that it -may be inferred in.the l^rpcefs,
as the Foundation of the Jurifdiction of rife Inquifitor. * If the Crimes
are fmall, or the "Propofitions only founding ill, ^feandalous,, or blafphe-
mous," or which dohot include formal Herefy, no one upon accountApf
•thefe ^immediately ordered to fecret Irriprifonment, but muft rather be
confined in; fome Monaftery, or, in his; own Houfe, or City. t;If*thefe
Things - were omitted, the Inquifitprjr^might poflibly ufurp to themfelves
Caufes belonging la other Tribunal^ Thus Carena relates, that pn, the
Firft : of Auguft, Anno 1630. tvvo portuguefe Women at Placentiautece\ved
the Eucharifi twice ; arid being interrogated,, why they did it ? they an-
fwered, • becaufe they apprehended, that as. often as they communicated,
they obtained the Jubilee, of a Part, as they call it. .jOnthis they were
kept in the. Prifons of the Inquifition, and their, Effects.* fequeftered. But
when the Lords Inquifitors found that the Caufe did npt,beJong to the
Tribunal of the Faith, rthey /difmiffed them fiom^Prilon^and caufed
their Effects to be reftored to them. \ .f. 'W _C *
_. No one, can be taken, up without half full .Proof at leaft, or. fuch Evi-
yidencp as is fufficient to put to the Torture, becaufe the Imprifonment
xx&dp by the Inquifitors, always, renders the Prifoners infamous. ^ But if
the perfon beotherwife fufpected, fpr Inftance, if he be of the Moorifh
Race, and hath been denounced before the Inquifitors, ' upon account of
fome Ceremonies of that Nation, he may poflibly be imprifoned "upon
the Affirmation of one Witnefs, even tho' liable to -fome Exception, acr
cording to Carena,. becaufe , the Prefumption arifing from his Birth, joined
to the .Depofition ofYuch a Witnefs, would amount tp\ an half Prpof
And hegives'an Inftance, that in the Supreme Council of the Spanip
Inquifition,

TM Hiftory Pf the I N QU I S,I TION. 219
Inquifition, two Men were taken up for Herefy, at the Information of
One Woman, under eighteen Years old, becaufe they were both of M-oorifo
Extract, and becaufe the Ceremonies witneffed to by the Woman were,
Mahometan. And thus, the Prefumption was againft them, beGaufe they
were, of that Race; . , , l
The Confultations which are held on thefe Affairs, are ufually called
Deliberations concerning the Citation of the Criminal, and this Citation
is verbal or real. Verbal Citation is that which is made by Letters or a
Meflenger, which is ufed when the Queftion is about a leffer Crime, w
if the- Criminal be but flightly fufpected. For if it be an heinous Crime,
and fully proved,-, there is need of a real Citation, that the; Criminal; may
not efcape. Tins', verbal Citation muft not contain in it the Caufe for,
which the. Criminal is. cited, and therefore 'tis not neceflary to infert in
ft the.Place, Time, or Offence, but he is commanded in general to come
before tne Inquifitors, becaufe they 5want to know of , him certain Mat-)
ters. But this Method of Citation is not to be frequently ufed, becaufe
if fuch a one be examined, 'tis often found, that being free, and ip. Pof-
feflion of his Liberty, he will not eafily confefs himfelf to be a Criminal.
And fuch Citations, and Examinations do rather tend to warn the denoun
ced Criminals to take Care of themfelves, and conceal their Crime,, than-
to produce any other good Effect. They therefore think it fafer to wait,
till new Proofs -and fufficient Difcoveries arife. In the mean while they
employ a careful Spy, one friendly and faithful to the Holy Office, to
confider and fearch into fuch a one's Life, Manners, and Converfation.
A. real Citation, or the actual apprehending any one, is ufually decreed
after this twofold Manner. In fome Inqiiifitions, that, the Profecution
may appear to be according to Jurifdiction, as comprehending in it the
Accufer, Criminal, and Judge, the Procurator Fifcal, who is acquainted
with every Thing in the Procefs that lies againft the denounced Crimi
nal, exhibits an Inftrument, demanding that the denounced Criminal
may be taken up, and duly punifhed ; and in that Inftrument he inferts-
and exhibits the Depofitions againft him, and the Qualificatipn ofthe
Propofitions, that it "may, appear that he may legally be apprehended..
This Demand of the Fifcal is ufually inferted in the Procefs of the Per-^
fon to be taken up. But in other Inquifltions, tis ufual for the Inquifi-;
tors, after confidering the Acts, to confult about apprehending- the Per
fon, without any Inftance ofthe Fifcal, arid to command, what; they
refolveou.tp be put in- Execution. ,. And this fkcree: for the Apprehen-.
fion, is alfo ufually inferted in the Procefs, with, the, Day, Month, and;
Year,

^3o The Hiftory of the I N QUI S I T I O Ni
Year. But if the Party accufed be fome illuftrious Perfon, or in any
Poft of great Authority, the Senate of the Spanip Inquifition muft be
confulted before he is to be apprehended, to whom, that their Delibera
tions may be right, they muft fend a Summary of the Proofs, and the
Information of the Crimes. But this very great and exquifite Caution
muft not be obferved, when there is any Fear ofthe Efcape of the Per
fon accufed, or if he is a manifeft Heretick. For in fuch Cafe they think
it would be imprudent and dangerous to wait for the Anfwer of a Su
perior. After 'tis determined that the Criminal fhall be fent to Prifon, the In
quifitor fubfcribes an Order for his Apptehenfion, and gives it to the Ex
ecutor, who is to take up the Criminal. The Form of the Order is
this : By Command of the Reverend Father N. an Inquifitor of heretical
Pravity, let N. be apprehended and committed to the Prifons of the Holy
Office, and not be releafed, but by the exprefs Order ofthe faid Lord Inqui
fitor. If feveral Criminals are to be taken up at the fame time, a fepa-
rate Order for each Perfon muft be given to the Executor, that if it
fhould be neceflary to acquaint any Perfon, who is not one of the Mi
nifters, or Officials of the Holy Office, with the apprehending of one or
another Criminal, he may know nothing of the taking up of the reft.
This Order muft be inferted in the Criminals Procefs by the Notary, in
the very Words in whieh 'tis given to the Executor. If the Inquifitors
have an armed Attendance of their own, they give this Order to their
own Executor. If they have not fuch an armed Attendance, but find
it neceffary to call in the Help of the Secular Judge, the Inquifitor mufi
take Care, that fuch Orders be given to a trufty Executor, and who
knows how faithfully to keep the Secret he is intrufted with, becaufe, if
the Perfon to be apprehended, fhould receive any private Information,
he would eafily efcape.
In a City, where any Noble Perfons, Doctors, or Religious, or others
of Illuftrious Birth or Dignity, are to be fent to Prifon,. the Commiffa
ry of the Inquifition, or fome other Officer^ ufually goes to the Houfes
of fuch Perfons, and takes them in a Coach and carries them to Prifon.
But if there is no Fear of their Efcape, they are commanded to come
to the Holy Office by a Special Meffenger.
When the Criminal is apprehended, he muft be well guarded,, and if
there be Need, put in Irons, and thus carried by the Executor to the Pri
fons of the Inquifition, and delivered into the Hands of the Prifon-
Keeper. The Keeper muft take him into his Cuftody, and ufe him
according

Tfo Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 131
according to the Laws made about Prifoners. If any one is to be
brought from very diftant Places, they don't think it fafe for him to
lodge in Inns, or private Houfes, becaufe by this Means he might eafily
make his Efcape ; and therefore the Executor is ufually charged, to go
to the Bifhops of the Place, if there be any, or to the Secular Judges,
that the Criminal may be placed and kept in their Prifons. And this the
Inquifitor fignifies by his Letters given to the Executor, to the Magiftrates
through whofe Territories the Criminal is to be carried, and exhorts them
to give the neceffary and convenient Afliftance to the Executor. And
that no one may dare to Oppofe him, and that the Criminal may be kept
in fure and fafe Cuftody, they defire he may be attended with a proper
Guard. But this Caution is not neceffary in the Cities of Spain. For as
foon as ever the Executor fhews, that he is to apprehend any one by
Command of the Holy Office, no one dares oppofe him. And if any
one fhould, the Mob would immediately run together to lend an help
ing Hand to the Holy Office, and fo over-power him, that unlefs he
would undergo the- fevereft Treatment, he would, of his own Accord^
offer himfelf to be taken up by the Executor.
Of the Examination ofthe P r i so n e r s.
When the Criminal is put in Prifon, he is brought before the Inquifi
tor. The Place where he appears before the Inquifitor, is called by the
Portuguefe, the Table of the Holy Office. At the farther End of it
there is placed a Crucifix, raifed up almoft high as the Cieling. In the
Middle of the Room there is a Table. At that End which is neareft the
Crucifix, fits the Secretary or Notary of the Inquifition. The Criminal is
brought in by the Beadle, with his Head, Arms, and Feet naked, and is
foUowed by one of the Keepers. When they come to the Chamber of
Audience, the Beadle enters firft, makes a profound Reverence before
the Inquifitor, and then withdraws. After this the Criminal enters alone,
who is ordered to fit down on a Bench at the other End of the Table
over-againft the Secretary. The Inquifitor fits on his Right-Hand. On
the Table near the Criminal lies a Miffal, or Book of the Gofpels, and
he is ordered to lay his Hand on one of them, and to fwear that he will
declare the Truth, and keep Secrecy.
After, taking this. Oath of declaring the Truth both of himfelf and others,
the Inquifitor interrogates him of divers Matters. As, Whether he knows
why he. was taken up, or-^hath been informed of it by any one or more
Perfons ?

%l r The Hiftory of the',. I N QU I S I T I O NT
Perfons ? Where, when, and how he was apprehended ? If he fays that
he knows nothing of if, he is afk ed, Whether he can't guefs at the Rea
fon ? Whether, he knows in what Prifons- he is detained? and upon what
Account Men are imprifoned there? If be fays1 he can't - guefs at the
Caufe of his Imprifonment, but -knows that he" is in the Prifons - Of the '
Holy Office, where Hereticks and Perfons fufpected of Herefy are con
fined, , he is told, that fince he knows Perfons are confined there for their
Profanation of Religion, he ought to conclude, that he alfo is confined
for the, fame Reafon, and muft therefore declare what he believes to be
the [ Caufe of his own Apprehenfion. and -Confinement in the Prifons of
the Holy Office. ' If he fays he cannot imagine what it fhould be, be
fore he is afked any other Queftions, he receives a gentle Admonition,
and is put in mind of the Lenity of the Holy Office towards thofe who
confefs without forcing, and of the Rigour of Juftice ufed towards thofe
who are obftinate. a They alfo compare other Tribunals with the Holy
Office, and remindhim, that in others the Confeffion of the Crime draws
after it immediate. Ex&ution and Punifhment' ; but that in the Court of
the Inquifition, thofe who .confefs, and are penitent,- are treated with
greater Gentlenefs. After this he is admonifhed in Writing, and told,
that the Minifters of the Holy Office never take up any one, or are ufed
to apprehend any one, without a juft Caufe ; and that therefore they ear-
.neftly befeech him, and "command and enjoin him, exactly to recollect,
.and diligently to confider his Actions, to examine his Confcience, and
purge it from all thofe Offences and Errors it labours under, and for
which he is informed againft.
After this he is afked, What Race he comes of? Who were his Pa
rents and Anceftors ? that hereby he may declare all his Family. 'Whe
ther any one, of them was at any. time taken up by the Holy Office, and
enjoined Penance .? This they are efpecially afked who defcend frorii
.Jews, Mahometans, and Sectaries. Where he was brought up ? In what
Places he hath dwelt ? Whether he ever changed his Country ? Why
he did fo, and went into another Place ? With whom he converted in
the aforefaid Places, who were his Friends, and with whom he was inti
mate ? Whether he ever converted with any of his Acquaintance about
Matters of Religion, or heard them fpeak about Religion? In what Place,
and when, and how often, and of , what Things or Matters, they con*
yerfed ? They particularly afk thefe Queftions of Perfons whom they
imagine to be crafty and .cunning, and not eafily brought to declare trie
Truth, that from their Kindred, Country, Education* Employment, Time paft,

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 133
paft, Acquaintance, Friendfhip, Behaviour, and Words, the Inquifitor
may draw flrong Arguments of Sufpicion. Thefe Queftions are efpe
cially afked, when fuch Criminals are examined, who have dwelt in the
Countries of Schifmaticks, Hereticks, and other infidel and erroneous
Perfons, becaufe, when they have dwelt a long while amongft fuch Per
fons, they are believed the more eafily to have followed their Practices.
He is moreover afked, Of what Profeflion he is, and what Employ
ment of Life he follows ? Whether he be rich or poor ? What Returns
he hath, and what the Expences of his Living ? Then he is command
ed to give an Account of his Life, and to declare what he hath done
from his Childhood, even to this Time. And that he may declare all
this, he is afked, In what Places or Cities he ftudied, and what Studies
he followed ? Who were his Mafters ? whofe Names he muft tell. What
Arts he learnt ? What Books he hath had, arid read ? And whether he
hath now any Books treating of Religion, and what ? Whether ever he
hath been examined and cited, or feed, or proceffed before any other
Tribunal, or the Tribunal of the Holy Inquifition, and for what Caufes ?
and whether he was abfolved or condemned, by what Judge, and in what
Year ? Whether ever he was excommunicated, and for "what Caufe ?
Whether he was afterwards abfolved or condemned, and for what Rea
fon ? Wheiher he hath every Year facramentally confeffed his Sins, how"
often, and in what Church? Then he is commanded to give the Names
of his Confeffors, and of thofe from whom he hath received the Eucha
rifi, and efpecially for the ten Years laft paft, and more. What Ora
tions, or Holy Prayers he recites ? Whether he hath any Enemies ? whofe
Names he muft tell, and the Reafons of their Enmity.
If the Criminal is perfuaded by thefe, or by rriore or lefs fuch Interro
gatories, openly to confefs the Truth, his Caufe is. finifhed, becaufe 'tis
immediately known what will be the Iffue of it.
: But if after all thefe Interrogatories the Prifoner perfifts in the Nega
tive, and fays he doth not know why he is cited or fent to Prifon, the
Inquifitor replies; that fince it appearsfrom his own Words, that he will
not( difcover the Truth, arid that there is no Proof of his having fuch
Enmities withrany Perfons^ or that there are no fuch Caufes of Hatred
as-he. alledges, by which others could, or ought to be induced flande-
roufly, and falfely to inform againft him, that therefore there arifes the
ftronger Sufpicion, that the Depofitions againft him in the Holy Office
are true. . And therefore. he is befeeched and adjured by the Bowels of
Mercy of Chrift Jefus, to confider better and better^ and ingenuoufly
Hh to

a34 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I ON.
to confefs the Truth, and to declare whether he hath erred in Words or
Deeds in the aforefaid Matter relating to the Faith, and the Holy Office,'
or rendered himfelf fufpected to others.
• All thefe Interrogatories propofed to the Criminals, and their Anfwers
and Sayings, as propofed and fpoken, are faithfully and at large to be
written down by the Notary ; and if the Criminal can write, he fub-
fcribes it ; if he cant, he puts the Sign of the Crofs.
If by fuch general Interrogatories the Inquifitor can't draw from the
Prifoner a Confeffion of the Grime, of which he is accufed, he comes
to particular Interrogatories, which relate to the Matter itfelf, or the
Crimes or Herefies for which the Criminal was denounced. For In
ftance, if he was accufed for denying Purgatory, then one, two, or three
Days after his firft Examination, he is again interrogated by the Inquifi
tor, Whether he hath any Thing, and what, to fay, befides what he faid
in his other Examination ? Whether he hath thought better of the Mat
ter, and can recollect the Caufe of his Imprifonmerit, and former Exa
mination, or hath at leaft any Sufpicion, who could . accufe him to the
Holy Office, and of what Matters ? Whether he hath heard any one dif-
courfing of Paradife, Purgatory, and Hell ? What he heard concerning
that Matter ? Who they were that he heard fpeaking or difputing of
thofe Things ? Whether he ever difcourfed of them ? What he hath be
lieved, and doth now believe about Purgatory ? If he. anfwers, that his
Faith concerning it hath been right, and denies any ill Belief, but that
he believes as Holy Mother Church believes and teaches, he is order'd to
fay what the Holy Roman Mother Church doth think and believe con
cerning this Article.
When he hath given in his Anfwer he is admonifhed to confider well
and tell the Truth, and to beware of Lying,.' becaufe the contrary is
proved by Witneffes againft him, viz. that fpeaking of Purgatory, he
faid fuch and fuch Things ; and then they recite the Words which the
Denouncer and Witnefs have depofed^ were fpoken by him. And thus
he is fucceflively in the fame, or another 'Examination' interrogated in
the fame Manner concerning the feveral Articles for which he-is denoun
ced: As, whether he faid, that : Ample Fornication is no Sin,; that 'tis
lawful to invocate Devils, and offer Sacrifices to them, and the like. All
thefe Things the Notary receives, as in the firft Examination, and the
Prifoner fubfcribes them. „., t<
If the Prifoner's Anfwers don't agree with his former Anfwers, he- is
examined again and again ; and, as fhall hereafter be. fhewn, they proi ceed

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. igy
ceed to farther Remedies. And whatever the Popifh Doctors may write,
they who have been in the Prifon of the Inquifition with one Mouth
complain, that they are left in Uncertainty for a long while, what are
the Crimes of which they are accufed ; and that the Inquifitors would
willingly draw from their own Mouths a Confeffion of Crimes to which
they are not confcious. And this is cunningly invented for this Reafon,
that if any Perfon fhould have happened to have fpoken any thing not
agreeable to the Roman Faith, and of which poflibly he is not accufed,
he may difcover thofe Things alfo, becaufe he is uncertain of what Crime
he is accufed, on Account of that horrid Silence which is there obferved ;
or that he may accufe himfelf falfely of certain Things to free himfelf
from that dreadful Prifon. So that they all affirm their Accufations are
not difcovered to them till after a long Confinement, that fo being bro
ken and tired out with a continued and horrible Imprifonment, they may
confefs of themfelves Things that never came into their Minds.
If the Prifoner knows the Reafon of his being apprehended, and open
ly confeffes every Thing of which he hath been accufed to the Inquifi
tor, he is commended, and encouraged to hope for a fpeedy Delive
rance. If he confeffes fome Things, but can't guefs at others, he is com
mended for taking up the Purpofe of accufing himfelf, and exhorted by
the Bowels of Mercy of Jefus Chrift, to proceed, and ingenuoufly to
confefs every Thing elfe of which he is accufed, that fo he may expe
rience that Kindnefs an dc Mercy, which this Tribunal ufes towards thofe,
who manifeft a real Repentance of their Crimes by a flncere and volun
tary Confeffion. If the Cafe doth not relate to formal Herefy, but
to fome certain kind of Fortune-telling, or heretical Word, and the Pri
foner confeffes the Act or Word, but denies the heretical Intention, the
Inquifitors ufe all their Endeavours to draw from him alfo a Confeffion.
And firft they enquire, Whether that Fact or Word was committed once,
or oftener ? If oftener, they don't eafily believe the Criminal, affirming
his good Intention and Belief ; becaufe the oftener an heretical Propofi
tion was uttered, there arifes a greater Sufpicion, that both his Intention
and Faith were bad.
If by no Means he can draw out a Confeffion from the Prifoner, he
treats him more kindly in his Food and Drink, and procures certain Per
fons, no ways fufpected concerning the Faith, to go to him, and frequent
ly to converfe with him of feveral Things, not at all relating to his
Caufe, and at length to perfuade him to have Confidence in them, and
to advife him to confefs the Truth, promifing that the Inquifitor fhall
H h 2 be

i%6 77* Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
be favourable to him, and that they will be Mediators in his Behalf.
At length the Inquifitor comes along with them, and promifes to fhew
him Favour if he will confefs the Truth, for all is gracious that is done
for the Converfion of Hereticks, and even their Penances are Graces, and
Remedies. If the Perfon accufed by this Means prays for Favour, and
confeffes his Error, the Inquifitor anfwers, You fhall have much greater
Favour than you afked : But promifes it only in general Terms, for he
thinks he fulfills his Promife, in fhewingthe leaft Kindnefs to him after
wards. And when they promife to fhew Favour, 'tis underftood only of
thofe Punifhments, which are left to their own Power, viz. feveral pe
nitential Punifhments, becaufe they can't remit thofe which are appoint
ed by the Law. They farther teach, that notwithftanding the Promife
of fuch Grace, they may inflict penitential and arbitrary Punifhments:
becaufe, if after a long time, continual Admonitions, and fometimes af
ter the Torture, Criminals confefs their Offence upon the Promife of fuch
Grace, the Inquifitors may legally and juftly inflict more grievous peni
tential Punifhments, if they omit the leffer ; for if one or another be
remitted, they think they abundantly fatisfy their Promife.
And by thefe flattering Aflurances they fometimes overcome the Minds
of more unwary Perfons ; and when they have obtained the defigned
End, immediately forget them all. Of this the following is. a remark
able Inftance.
In the firft Fire that was blown up at Seville, An. 1558, or 1559, a-
mongft many others who were taken up, there was a certain pious Ma
tron, with her two Virgin-Daughters, and her Niece by her Sifter, who-
was married. As they endured thofe Tortures of all Kinds, with a truly
manlike Conftancy, by which they endeavoured to make them perfidi-
oufly betray their Brethren in Chrift, and efpecially to accufe one ano
ther, the Inquifitor at length commanded one of the Daughters to be
fent for to Audience. There he difcourfed with her alone for a confider
able time, in order to comfort her, as indeed fhe needed it. When the
Difcourfe was ended, the Girl was remanded to her Prifon. Some Days
after, he acted the fame Part again, caufing her to be brought before
him feveral Days towards the Evening, detaining her for a Confiderable
while ; fometimes telling her how much he was grieved for her Afflicti
ons, and then intermixing familiarly enough other pleafant and agreeable
Things. All this, as the Event fhewed, had only this Tendency, that
after he had perfuaded the poor fimple Girl, that he was really, and with a
fatherly Affection, concerned for her Calamity, and would confult as a
Father,

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 137
Father, what might be for her Benefit and Salvation, and that of her
Mother and Sifters, fhe might wholly throw herfelf into his Protection.
After fome Days fpent in fuch familiar Difcourfes, during which he
pretended to mourn with her over her Calamity, and to fhew himfelf
affected with her Miferies, and to give her all the Proofs of his Good
will, in order, as far as he could, to remove them, when he knew he
had deceived the Girl, he begins to perfuade her to difcover what fhe
knew of herfelf, her Mother, Sifters, and Aunts, who were not yet ap
prehended, promifing upon Oath, that if fhe would faithfully difcover
to him all that fhe knew of that Affair, he would find out a Method to
relieve her from all her Misfortunes, and to fend them all back again to
their Houfes. The Girl, who had no very great Penetration, being thus
allured by the Promifes and Perfuafions of the Father of the Faith, be
gins to tell him fome Things relating to the Holy Doctrine fhe had been
taught, and about which they ufed to confer with one another.. When-
the Inquifitor had now got hold of the Thread, he dextroufly endea
voured to find his Way throughout the whole Labyrinth,, oftentimes
calling the Girl to Audience, that what fhe had depofed, might be taken
down in a legal Manner, always perfuading her, this would be the only
juft Means to put an. End to all her Evils. In the laft Audience he re
news to her all his Promifes, by which he had before allured her of her
Liberty, and the like. But when the poor Girl expected the Perfor
mance of them, the faid Inquifitor, with his Followers, finding the Suc
cefs of his Craftinefs, by which he had in Part drawn out of the Girl,
what before they could not extort from her by Torments, determined to
put her to the Torture again, to force out of her what they thought fhe
had yet concealed. Accordingly, fhe was made to fuffer the moft cruel
Part oi it, even the Rack, and the Torture by Water, . till at laft they
had fqueezed out of her, as with a Prefs, both the Herefies and Accufa
tions of Perfons they had been hunting after. For, thro' the Extremity
cf her Torture, fhe accufed her Mother and Sifters, and feveral others,
who were afterwards taken up and tortured, and burnt alive in the fame
Fire with the Girl.
But if they don't fucceed neither with this Way, the Inquifitor per
mits fome Perfon or other, who is not unacceptable to the Prifoner, to
go to him, and converfe with him, and if it be needful, to feign him
felf ftill one of his own Sect, but that he abjured thro' Fear, and dif
covered the Truth to the Inquifitor. When he finds that the Prifoner
confides in him, he comes to him again late in the Evening, keeps on a
Difcourfe

5L38 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Difcourfe with him, at length pretending 'tis too late to go away, and
that therefore he will flay with him all Night in the Prifon, that they
may eonverfe together, and the Prifoner may be perfuaded by the other's
Difcourfe, to confefs to one another what they have committed. In the
mean while, there are Perfons ftanding at a proper Place without the
Prifon, to hear and to take Notice of their Words, who, when there is
need, are attended by a Notary.
Now the Perfon, who thus treacheroufly draws out any Thing ac
cording to his Defire from his Fellow Prifoners, prays the Prifon-keeper,
when, according to Cuftom, he is vifiting his Prifoners, to defire that
he may have an Audience : For this is the Method the Prifoners take.
And when he goes out of his Prifon to give an Account of his Of.
fice, he difcovers not only what he heard from any ofthe Prifoners, but
alfo how they received the Doctrine propofed to them, whether with a
chearful or angry Countenance, and the like ; if they refufed to give them
an Anfwer, and what they themfelves think of them. And the Accu
fations of fuch a Wretch they look on as the beft and moft unexception
able Evidence, altho' the Perfon be otherwife one of no manner of Worth,
Credit, or Regard.'
Thefe fort of Perfons they call Flies ; and, as Gonfalvius tells us, they.
may be known and found out by this one Thing, that for the moft part
they thruft themfelves into fuch fort of Converfations, without any one's
afking them, and begin very impertinently fuch Difcourfes concerning
Doctrine. And therefore he advifes, that if the Prifoners act prudently,
they will let them talk themfelves weary, without giving them any
Anfwer. Lately in the Inquifition in Spain and Portugal, another Method is
taken to draw a Confeffion from the Prifoners, viz. The Inquifitor
fuborns a certain Perfon, to go and fpeak to the Prifoner, and to tell
him he comes of himfelf, and of his own accord, and to exhort him to
tell the Inquifitor the Truth, becaufe he is a merciful Man, and fuch fine
Tales. This is now particularly the Cuftom in Spain and Portugal, as to
thofe they call the new Chriftians. If the Prifoner affirms himfelf to be
<a Catholick, and denies that he is a Jew, and is not convicted by a fuf
ficient Number of Witneffes, they fuborn one to perfuade him to con
fefs. ^ If he protefts himfelf innocent, the other replies, that he alfo hath
been in Prifon, and that his protefting his Innocence fignified nothing.
What, had you rather dwell for ever in Prifon, and render your Life mi
ferable, by being ever parted from your Wife and Children, than redeem your

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 139
your Freedom, by confefling the Crime ? By this and other like Things
the Prifoners are oftentimes perfuaded to confefs not only real, but ficti
tious Crimes. And when their Conftancy is thus almoft overcome, the
Inquifitor commands them to be brought before him, that they may
make him a Confeffion of their Faults.
Gonj'alvius juftly wonders, how Men can be of fo devilifh a Temper,
as voluntarily to hire themfelves out to fuch Offices, and at fo great an
Expence to themfelves, who, in order to obtain their Defire, don't re
fufe to be Prifoners with others, even for two or three Months together,
in a vile narrow Prifon, but bear willingly, what the Prifoners themfelves
bear with the greateft Uneafinefs, all the Inconveniencies of it, Hunger,
Naftinefs, and Stench ; and what is more wonderful, go out of one Pri
fon into another, and then into a third, twice, thrice, four times, always
experiencing the fame Inconveniencies, and pafling their whole Lives in
fuch a Circle of Delights.
After thefe Examinations, if the Prifoner confeffes nothing, he is car
ried back to Prifon, and there kept fometimes for a whole Year, before
he is again brought up to the Inquifitor. In the mean while, if he de
fires an Audience, to confefs certain Matters, he may gently rap at the
Door of his Prifon. The Keeper being acquainted herewith by his Of
ficers, immediately comes to him, and is defired by him to afk the Fa
vour of the Inquifitor being brought before him.
If the Criminal will not anfwer to the Interrogatories judicially put
to him, or anfwers uncertainly and doubtfully, as, I don't know, I dont
remember, I have forgot ; or when he anfwers as to the main Fact, but
refutes to anfwer concerning the principal Circumftances of the Crime,
if the Circumftances are fuch, which 'tis probable he may remember,
he may be put to the Torture to make him precifely anfwer affirmative
ly or negatively : Becaufe Criminals are not apprehended for the Crime
of Herefy, without legal Proofs, i. e. more than half full Proof. 'Tis
the fame Cafe if they pretend Madnefs. Sometimes alfo they are hum
bled by Imprifonment and Faffing.
And to fhew that theydeal more mildly in their Tribunal tnan in others,
they add, that in other Tribunals, when the Criminal is accufed of any
certain Fact, he hath not Time allowed him to deliberate whether he
will confefs, or be tried, but is immediately compelled to anfwer. But
that iri this Tribunal, where Criminals are dealt with more mildly and
gently, they not only give them Time to anfwer when they afk it, but
oftentimes admonifh, and even invite them, to think better of the Matter, and

,14© The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
and carefully to recall to their Remembrance their Actions and Words,
that they may anfwer truly, and that for this Reafon they are often ex
amined and interrogated. But in Truth this Pretence of Mercy is ufed
only for this End, that the Criminal, who if convicted by two agree
ing Witneffes, and ftill perfifting in the Negative, is fure to be con
demned as a Negative without Mercy, and delivered over to the Secular
Court, may, through Fear of this horrible Punifhment, confefs the Crime
he is -accufed of, and fo be reconciled as a Penitent, by certain Penances
laid on him by way of Punifhment, or delivered over as impenitent to
the Secular Court, and burnt alive. But if he revokes his Confeffion
when made, and be not legally and fully convicted by Witneffes, he is
moft cruelly tortured, becaufe by his own Confeffion he hath given Proof
againft himfelf fufficient for the Torture. If he is overcome by the
Torture, and renews his Confeffion,, he is punifhed as an Heretick ; if
he overcomes the Torture, he is enjoined falutary Penances at the Plea
fure of the Inquifitor, as one fufpected of Herefy.
As often as the Criminals or Witneffes are examined, either in their
firft or after Audiences, when the Examination is ended, before they go
from Audience, the Inquifitors order the Notary clearly and diftihctly, to
read over to them their Depofitions, that fo the Criminals or Witneffes
may add, diminifh, correct, or change, what they pleafe, that, if there
be any Miftake, it may be rectified, which otherwife foarce could be.
For if after the Criminal or Witnefs goes from Audience, or if at any
Diftance of Time after, they would amend or alter what they have faid,
it would not be allowed them. And therefore the Notary, at the End
of the Examination, writes down, that the Depofition was read over to
the Criminals or Witneffes, and adds whatever either of them added, di-
minifhed, altered, or amended.
If, befides the Depofition of the Informer, and the Witneffes named
by him, they have any other Matters, the Inquifitors enquire farther, that
the Evidence may be more fully confirmed. This they particularly ob
ferve, when the Witneffes or Criminal name any other Perfons iri their
Examination on one Side or the other. If fuch Perfons are prefent, the
Inquifitor orders them to be called and interrogated. If they are abfenr,
and it be not fafe or eafy to come at them, he writes to the Inquifitor
.or Bifhop, in whofe Diocefe they are, that he fhould cite and interro-
gate_ them privately, and find out the Truth, and tranfmit the Matter
to him faithfully and fecretly as he difcovers it. .... > A, How

The Hiftory of ^INQUISITION. 141
How the Prifoners are allowed an Advocate, Procur at o r, and
Guardian, and of the reft of the Proceedings.
When the Procefs hath gone thus far, and all the Informations and
Proofs relating to the Caufe, are taken in a fummary Manner, and the
Criminal fully exariiined, if he confeffes his Crime, there is no room for
a Defence, nor do they proceed to the re-examining of the Witneffes.
But if he perfifts in the Negative, and demands the Depofitions to be
given him, whether he is prefumed to be innocent or obftinate, he is ad
mitted to his Defence, and all Matters are prepared to form the Procefs.
And therefore, becaufe the Criminal muft be convicted by Witneffes, the
Witneffes muft be re-examined. And that the Criminal may not feem
to be denied his Defence, he hath an Advocate, arid Procurator allowed
him. He is not, however, at Liberty to chufe the one or other as he
pleafes, rior is it lawful for any Advocate to defend an Heretick under
Pain of Infamy. The Inquifitors appoint him his Advocate, and he is
bound to them by Oath. The Criminal may alfo fometimes, if he de
mands it, have a fecond Advocate. The Qualifications neceffary in fiich
an Advocate, are thefe : That he be a good Man, not fufpected as to
his Honefty, fkilful in the Canon and Civil Law, zealous for the Faith,
and not in the leaft tinctured with Herefy, and he is allowed to the Cri
minal, according to the prefent Cuftom in Spain, after he hath re
ceived three Admonitions, freely to confefs the Truth.
The Criminal alfo had formerly allowed him a Procurator. But thefe
Procurators are now feldom allowed, becaufe the Advocates are fuffici
ent, and exercife the Office of Procurators. Yea, they fey that the In
quifitors appear more truly to be the Procurators of the Criminals, fince
by Office they are to take Care of the Criminals Defences.
If the Criminals are under twenty-five Years of Age, they are allowed
Curators (a fort of Guardians) by whofe Authority they are defended,
leaft, thro' Unfkilfulnefs, or Youth, they fhould conceal, or fay any
Thing, which if fpoken or concealed, might be of Advantage to them.
The Advocate being thus granted, and fometimes, if the Criminal de
mands it, the Procurator alfo, the Inquifitor ufually afks the Criminal
Whether he allows the Witneffes examined againft him, to be well and
truly examined, and legally re-heard. If he anfwers, That he would have
the Witneffes heard over again, and examined with his Interrogatories,
and thus convict c them of Falfhood, the Inquifitor orders him a Copy of
I i the

x+i: The Hiftory of the T N Q U I >S I T I O N. .
the Articles formed by the Procurator of the Exchequer, to the End that
he may form his Interrogatories, and allows' him three Days to give them;
in. If he anfwers, that he, will confider, and cppfult his Advocate or
Procurator, the Copy of the Articles formed' by the Promoter of the
Exchequer is given hirti, to ^ffift'him "the better hpw to;refolye.. If he
refers himfelf to the Difpofition of the Law, 'tis the fame Thing as ifhe~
had anfwered, he would have the Witneffes re-examined. Becaufe, ac
cording tp Layy, the Proof of Witneffes receiyed in a fummary Manner,
i§ not regular, : unlefs they be fully re-produced when the Party is cited,
artd re-examined upon the Interrpgatories of the Criminals, thgt they
may thus confirrri their Evidence and Depofitions. If he 'anfwers; that
he refers himfelf to the Pleafure of the Inquifitor, the Inquifitor muft not
accept it, left it fliould be afterwards objected to him, that he hindered
the Criminal from making a legal Defence, and therefore he refers him
to his Advocate or Procurator. ^ If he anfwers, that he allpws thje Wit
neffes, who have depofed iagaipft him, tpj be well and truly examined,
and legally re-heard, but faves to himfelf the Liberty of making Excep
tions: againft Perfons, and their Depofitions, in drawing put his Defences,.
this is wrote down by the Notary in the Acts. But altho' the Criminal
fhould thus allow; the Witneffes as legally examined, the Inquifitors muft
however take Care, that they be formally re-examined, ! efpecially when
there is any Fear of their Death, or long Abfence. In fuch a Cafe the
Witneffes muft be .admitted, before the Trial commences.
After the Inquifitor hath received, as hath been faid, Information a-
gairift the Criminal denounced to him, the Procurator Fifcal, in fome
Iriquifitions, prefents. in Court, in Prefence of the Criminal, a Bill of
Indictment, containing the Heads of the Offences, of which the Crimi
nal is accufed, and prefents it to the Inquifitor. The Form of this Bill
is not eveiy where the fame ; but a Copy of one fhall, for Satisfaction of
the Readers, be inferted in the Appendix.
, The Witneffes cited by the Judges, muft be carefully examined and
interrogated. , And firft they are afked, Whether they know why they
are fummoned ? If .they fay they do know, or guefs that they are fum-
moned in the fame Caufe in whjch they have already given Witnefs be
fore the fame Judge, they are afked, If they remember ; what they de
pofed in the faid Caufe ? And whether it be true ? And whether they
will add, take away, change, or correct any Thing ? .Wh&tfoever they
anfwer muft be faithfully written down by the Notary. Then they are
examined again without feeing their former Depofitions, that the Trtith or

The Hilary of the I N QU I S I T I b N. 2.43
or Falfhood may; more evidently/appear from their Confiftency orln-
confiftency; Finally, this Confirmation of1 their Teftimony muft be
made before the Judges and Secretary,, and two religious and difcreet
Perfons. ' For as the Party concerned is not rallpwed to be prefent, two
Perfons of r Reputation muft be prefent in his 'Stead. '.;
If the latter' Depofitions do riot agree' with the former, the former muft
be read over to the Witneffes, and they interrogated what is the Mean
ing of this Difference in what they fay, and gently admonifhed to per-
fift hi the; Truth. Laflly, whatfoever they fey rriufV be written down ;
and if they contradict themfelves, or falter,, they muft be fent into
Cuftody, and, if the Cafe requires it, be tortured and punifhed.
When a Witnefs fwears that he will conceal his Evidence, and is after
wards convicted of difcovering it before the Publication of it, he may
be condemned by the Judges at their Pleafure, either to do publick Pe
nance, of to pay a Fine, or to Banifhment, or the Pillory, of to be
whipped; and, if the Nature of the Crime requires it, to the Gallies.
If the Witneffes are evidently Caught in a Falfhood, they may be pu
nifhed by the Inquifitor, according to their Merits. He is accounted a
falfe Witnefs who tells a Lye, by depofing a Falfhood, and who fup-
preffes or conceals the Truth. And if the Inquifitor finds any Witnefs
to be manifeftly falfe, he, together with the Bifhop, may punifh him.
Eymerick mentions a Cafe, which happened at Thouloufe, An. 131 2.
that a Father accufed his Son of the Crime of heretical Pravity, and af
terwards retracted it. His Sentence may be feen in the Book of the
Sentences of the Thouloufe Inquifition, fol. 42. The Doctors however
think, that as there is no Law extant concerning this Matter, fuch a one
ought not to be delivered' to the Secular Court, but that his Life ought
in Mercy to1 be granted to him. But Leo X. by a Bull directed to Car
dinal Adrian, Inquifitor-General oi Spain, An. 1518. granted full Power
of condemning to whatever Punifhments the Inquifitor fhould think pro
per, and of delivering or turning over to the Secular Court, without any
Fear of any Ecclefiaftical Punifliment or' Cenfure, or Mark of Irregula
rity ;' which they believe ought to be done in this Cafe only, when the
Witneffes have chafged: atiy orie with formal Herefy, and the Criminal is -
delivered over to the Secular Court, and punifhed with Death, as a Ne
gative and Impenitent, upon account of their Evidence. But when any
falfe Witnefs voluntarily accufes himfelf, and afks for Mercy, before ihe
Perfon heJ gave Evidence againft is, delivered over to the Secular Court,
and put to Death, they think he ought to be fpared, and his Life given
^ I i 2 him,

*44 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
him, but that he ought to fuffer fome very grievous Penance. Thus they
acted in that Inftance of Tboloufe, with Pontius Arnaldi, a falfe Witnefs
againft his Son, in the Crime of Herefy, acknowledging his Fault,; and
craving the Mercy of the Inquifitor, who was condemned to pepetual
Imprifonment, in which, during Life, he was to do wholefome Penance,
with the Bread of Grief, and the Water of Affliction ; and. befides this,
to ftand publickly, fo as to be openly feen and known by all By-ftanders,
upon an high Ladder, before the Door of the Cathedral-Church of St. Ste
phen, the fame Day, and the following, from the Beginning of the Morn
ing till the 9th Hour, in an open Place, without any Covering on his Head,
in his Shirt, or Girdle, wearing two red Tongues, a Span and a half long, and
three Fingers broad, before on his Breaft, and two hanging down between
his Shoulders, and his Hands ty'd together ; and to be placed alfo in the
fame Manner, and to ftand before the Gates of the Church of St. Saturn
ninus, the Lord's Day following, and the Lord's Day after, before the
Gate of the gilded Church ; and to wear always upon every outward
Garment the faid Tongues, and never to go in or out of his Prifon with
out the faid Tongues hanging down or appearing, and to mend them
when, ever they were tora, and to make new ones whenever the old ones
fhould be worn out ; and the Moment he came down from the Ladder,
to he carried andfhut up, without Delay, in the Prifon near the Caftle of
Narhonne, there to remain for ever. The fame Sentence was pronoun
ced againft John de Salvetate, a falfe Witnefs.
.Sentence is pronunced openly againft falfe Witneffes, becaufe they are
brought into publick View, and their heinous Wickednefs is declared
before the People, and their Defign and Villany is difcovered in exprefs
Words, and the Reafon given and made known to all why they are thus
punifhed. But if fuch falfe Witneffes have done but little Mifehiefj they
receive a lefler Punifhment ;, for they are brought forth, wearing an infa
mous Mitre, with returning Hereticks, and other Penitents, at the publick
Act of the Faith, or publick Proceflion, when their Crimes are read
openly, and they themfelves baftinadoed, or whipped, banifhed, or fens
to the Gallies, or punifhed with fome other extraordinary Punifhment.
However, fuch falfe Witneffes are feldom punifhed in a manner pro-*
portioned to the Heinoufnefs of their Crime, for this Reafon undoubt
edly, that they may not deter Perfons too much from giving Evidence.
The Author of the Hiftory of the Inquifition af Goa, gives us a memo
rable Inftance of Jofeph Pereira de Meneles, accufed to the Inquifition as
a Sodomite, by a certain Enemy of hisa who pretended bixrifelf to be
reconciled.

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S 1 T 1 0 N. 24 y
reconciled. This Perfon had bribed five of Pereira's Servants, who, all,
with one Mouth, teftified, that they faw their Mafter committing this
Crime with fuch a Servant. Pereira denied the Crime, but the Servant,
who was young, thro' Fear of being put to Death, confeffed it, tho*
never committed. Pereira, as a convicted Perfon, was condemned to
be burnt. When he was brought forth in Proceflion at the Act of Faith,
he continued to proteft his Innocence. Upon which the Judges re
manded him to Prifon, and ordered him to be kept to the next Act of
Faith, in order, if poflible, to find out more exactly the Truth. In the
mean while the Witneffes were often interrogated, and being each of
them feparately afked, Whether or no the Moon fhone that Night in
which they few. Pereira committing that deteftable Crime ? their An-.
fwers were found contradictory, and the Falfhood of the Accufation dif
covered ; and being put to the Queftion, they confeffed their Crime,
and declared their Mafter innocent But what was the Punifhment in-*
flicted upon the Author of fo villainous a Crime ? Trifling, in Comparif
fon of the Heinoufnefs of the Offence. Pereira's Enemy, who had
bribed his. Servants, was condemned to a nine Years Banifhment in Afri
ca, and the fuborned Witneffes to the Gallies for five. Carena alfo re
lates irom\ Diana, that in the Inquifition in Sicily, a certain Regular,
who was a falfe Witnefs, and who had fuborned others to give falfe Evi
dence in the Holy Office, was condemned to the Gallies for ten Years,
and the Women, his Accomplices, to be whipped, and to fix Years Ba-r
nifhment. A much more exemplary Punifhment was inflicted upon a Woman,
convicted of giving falfe Evidence, at the Hague, by the Command of
the Court of Holland, An.. 156 1. William Bardefius, Praetor of Amfier
dam, and M. Henry Theodorus, Conful of the fame City, were at mortal
Enmity with each other, upon Account of fome political Differences.
The Conful burnt with a Defire of Revenge, and that he might have a
fpecious Pretence for deftroying his Enemy, determined to accufe him of
the Anabaptiftical Herefy, at that Time univerfally hated for the late.
Difturbances which had been raifed on that Account at Munfier and
Amfierdam. He joined with him in this Defign Florentius Egbert i,.
Parifh- Prieft of the Old Church, and Commiffary oiRuardus Tapperus,.
the Inquifitor, that the Fraud being thus covered over with an Eccle-,
fiaftical Varnifh, might be carried on with greater Succefs. They could
not find out a more proper Inftrument to execute this vile Defign, than.
a certain old Woman, named Sophy, nick-named Tellow Sophy, upon ac-.
count

i±6 The Hiftory of the I N QU I SI TION.
count of the execrable Colour of her Body, a Widow, burthened with a
great many Children, who made it her Bufinefs to betray the Reformr
ed, who held their private Meetings, riot beingr allovved the Ufe of the
Publick Churches, and maintained her Wretched Family with' the ac-
curfed Wages fhe earned, by informing againft them: This1 'Woman,
with two others of the fame Stamp, and two Men, one of which was
a Notary, they prevailed with, by a little Money, and large Promifes, to
bear falfe Witnefs .againft the Praetor. Their feveral Evidences; which
were fuggefted to them by the .Conful and the Parfon, they confirmed
by Oathy in which they declared that the Praetor, who with his Wife,
were both re-baptized, had'1 a Meeting of the Anabaptifts in his Houfe,
and that his Wife was prefent at the Meeting. This Evidence the Par
fon fent in Writing to Ruardus Tapperus, Inqulfifof of Lovain. But
altho' this Matter was carried on very privately, the Praetor was too quick
not to fmell it out ; and therefore, to prevent his being deftroyed fud
denly, and without being able to make his Defence, he goes immediate
ly to Bruffels, and applies himfelf to Mary Queen Dowager oi Hungary,
then Governefs, and in whom he had a very confiderable Intereft, and
managed his Caufe with fo much Dexterity, and Succefs, that the Senator
Cornelius Monk, and with him the Secretary of the Supreme Council of
Mechlin, were fent to Amfierdam to enquire into the Affair. And they
found it, no difficult Matter, upon examining the Witneffes, to detect the
Falfhood and Perjury. But as it was neceffary to proceed flowly to
make a full Difcovery, the Caufe was committed to the Court of Hol
land, who deputed fome of their Members to make Inquifition concern
ing it. The two Women were imprifoned at the Hague, and being in
terrogated about the Praetor's Anabaptifm, and the Circumftances of it,
they faid that he was re-baptized in a Chapel that lay near his Garden,
and that they faw it thro' the Window, ftanding upon a Bench. ' Upoii
this, two of the Senators were fent to infpect the Place, and found the
Window fo very high, that tho' they flood upon the Bench, they could
not reach it with their Hand, fo that 'twas impoffible the Women could
look thro' it, to fee what was tranfadted. within: And thus the Falfhood
was difcovered. The Authority of. the City, and the Favour of the Ec
clefiafticks, for fome time protected the Conful and the Parfon. But the
Crime was too enormous to efcape unpunifhed, and therefore both of
them were apprehended by Order of the Court of Holland, May 3, 1557.
the Parfon, as he was ftanding before the Altar, and in fo hafty a Man
ner, that they would not fuffer him to go home, and change his Gar-'
ments.

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 247
ments. After this they were both carried to the Hague. The Notary
and the other Evidence had the fame Fate. And though it was difficult
to cover over a Falfhood, proved by fo many Perfons, who agreed in
their Confeffions, yet it was a long while, yea, feveral Years before the
whole was openly difcovered. But at laft the falfe Witneffes feeing no
Poflibility of efcaping, afked Pardon for their Offence of the Royal Cle
mency, and publickly confefled their Falfhood and Perjury. One of the
Witneffes was publickly whipped ; the Notary deprived of his Office,
and banifhed. The Parfon only confeffed, that the Accufations he had
written againft the Prastor and his Wife, to Ruardus Tapperus, were
rafh, impertinent, and without due Information; and faid he repented
of it, and was therefore commanded to depart from Amfierdam, and
deprived of the Office of Commiffary of the Inquifition. One of the
Women died in Prifon, and as to Sophy, fhe had, May 3. J561. her
Tongue firft cut. Out, was then hanged, had her Body burnt, and pub
lickly expofed. But before fhe was carried to Execution, fhe ingenuoufly
confeffed, in the Prefence of three Senators, that every Thing fhe had
depofed and given in Evidence upon Oath, and in her Examinations in
Court, againft the Praetor oi Amfierdam, was falfe and forged, and that
fhe was perfuaded to this Villainy by the Solicitations, Promifes, and Gifts
pf M. Henry Theodore, Conful of Amfierdam, and of M. Florentius, Par
fon of the Old Church in that City ; and being brought to the Place of
Punifhment, fhe publickly declared the fame before all the Spectators.
Conful Henry, however, denied every Thing, and becaufe he could not
be convicted by any Thing under his own Hand, he deftroyed the Evi
dence of the Witneffes againft him, by pleading that they were perjured,
and by this Means efcaped with his Life. 'He was however kept Pri
foner for a long while, but at laft difmiffed, upon giving Security and
Bail. This was the Punifhment inflicted by the Secular Judge. If the
Inquifitors would proceed with the fame Vigour againft falfe Witneffes, fo
many miferable and innocent Creatures would not be deftroyed by falfe
Informations and Evidence. But they had rather entice Perfons with
hope of Impunity ; and when the Falfhood of the Evidences appears fo
plain, as not to be palliated, they chufe to inflict on them a flight Pu
nifhment, rather than deter them from becoming Evidences, by a Pu
nifhment juft and proportioned to their Crime.

How

248 The Hiftory of //^INQUISITION.
How ^Prisoner hath a Copy of the Evidence, without the Names
, of the Wit n e s-ses.
' The Witneffes having been re-examined, a Copy ofthe Proofs brought
againft the Criminals, is ufually given to them, that they may the fooner
determine, whether they will give up the Caufe, or ftand Trial; arid in
this Cafe the following Things are obferved in this Court. Firft, That
the Depofitions be literally given to the Criminal as made by the Wit
neffes, that he may fully underftand what every Witnefs hath depofed
againft him ; fo that 'tis not fufficient to give them him in fhort. Se
condly, The Depofitions are not to be confounded or mixed, but each of
them to be diftinctly and feparately from others given him in Writing,
that the Criminal may the better .underftand them, and feverally anfwer
them, and thus be the better able to defend himfelf. Thirdly, The
Names of the Witneffes are not to be given him, nor their Simames,
nor any Circumftances by which he may difcover who they are, be
caufe fuch Difcovery might occafion great Danger either to the Wit
neffes or the Inquifition, upon account of the Power of the Perfons ac
cufed, by reafon of their Family, Riches, or Malice. The Supreme Se
nate, determined, the fame, with refpect to the Anfwers of the Witneffes
to the Interrogatories, of the Criminals, ordering they fhould not be given
them, if the Witneffes were in Danger of being difcovered hereby. For
the fame Reafon they add the Year and Month, but not the particular
Day, when the Witneffes affirm the Crime to be committed. Thus alfo
the Place is added in general, but not the particular Houfe or Room
where. All thefe Things they carefully avoid, that the Criminal may
not by any Means difcover who are the Witneffes or Informers againft
him. This they will in no wife fuffer. For, as they generally fay, Se
crecy is the very Sinew of the Inquifition. Hence 'tis eafy to infer, that
many of thofe Interrogatories which are formed by the Advocates of the
Criminals, are not allowed, becaufe they muft relate to fuch Circum
ftances, which, if known to them, would eafily difcover to them the
Witneffes. However, the Advocates, bound to the Inquifition by Oath,
muft.form them, that they may feem to dofomething for the Criminals,
when in reality they do nothing, and deceive the miferable Prifoners,
with the vain. Hopes, what they will do in their Defence, when nothing
at all is done for them ; for whilft the Witneffes or Informers are conceal
ed "from them, they are deprived of the beft and moft neceffary Means of
their

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The Hiftory of the I N QU 1 3 I T I O N. 149
their Defence. However, this is ftrictly prohibited by feveral Edicts of
the Popes, and Inftructions of the Inquifitors.
After this the Evidence of the Witneffes muft be fliewn, and a Copy
of it granted to the Criminal, thofe Circumftances only omitted, by
which he might eafily underftand who they are that have given Evi
dence againft him. Hence- it is that they don't let him know either
the Hour or Day in which the Witneffes fay the Crimes were committed,
unlefs poflibly the Criminal fhould demand it to make his Defence.
Likewife, another Copy of the Depofitions muft be written out by the
Secretaries, and examined and corrected by the Inquifitors, and another
Copy be inferted in the Acts of the Procefs. Befides, the Copy of the
Evidence muft be given to the Criminal in fuch a Manner, as that he
may plainly underftand, whether the Witneffes depofe of what they have
heard from others, or of thofe Things they have feen themfelves.
In this Publication of the Evidence, the Names of the Witneffes muft
not be difcovered to the Criminal.
Hence it is, that in the Crime of Herefy, the Criminal muft not be
cited, when the Evidence is ratified, left he fhould know the Witneffes,
even altho' in all other. Crimes the Criminals are to be cited to fee the
Witneffes. Thus alfo, in all other Crimes the Names of the Witneffes'
are given to the Criminals, that they may refute them, and fhew their
own Innocence ; and this ought always to be done, even altho' the Pro
cefs be carried on by Inquifition, . left by concealing the Names, Occa
fion fhould be given to wicked Perfons of defaming others, and by de
nying them the Means of their Defence, of giving falfe Evidence againft
them : For no Man ought to be denied the Means of defending him
felf. This ought more efpecially to take Place in Inquifitions and Vifita-
tions carried on againft Judges and their Minifters. For they are placed
as a Mark to be fhot at, and are not capable of pleating all, becaufe they
are bound by Office daily to reprimand many engaged in Law-Suits, to
imprifori them, banifh them, fine, condemn, and fometimes punifh, them
with Death.
But if any one now fhould prefume, without a manifeft Neceffity,
and unlefs there is no manner of Danger, rafhly to difcover the Names
of the Witneffes, Accufers, or Informers, he would act, according to
Pegna's Mind, very imprudently, and, for what he knows, fall into mor
tal Sin ; becaufe he would act againft fo many Decrees of Popes, and
againft the received Cuftom of the Holy Office, which, though not fup-
N°- 9. K k ported

2yo The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
ported by any Law, yet being a commendable, approved, and legally pre
ferred Cuftom, hath the Force of a Law.
And tho' the Criminal infills, and demands, that he be allowed to
make his Defence, according to the Courfe of the Law, and by Confe-
quence that the Names of the Witneffes be fhewn him as well as their
Depofitions, he is not to be heard. Thofe who are called new Chrifti
ans in Spain, never could obtain it, tho' they ufed their utmoft, Endea
vours for it. Ludovicus a Paramo tells us, that in the Reign of Charles,
who fucceeded his Grandfather Ferdinand, the new Converts offered
£00000 Pieces of Gold to the King, if he would order the Witneffes
to be made known in the Tribunal of the Inquifition. And when the
young King, who was but eighteen Years old, was greatly tempted by
fo vaft a Sum of Money, Cardinal Ximenes, Inquifitor-General, by fetting
before him the great Danger , of fuch Witneffes, and the Damage that
would hereby accrue to the Church, wrought upon him to defpife that
Offer. But when the Perfon accufed cannot particularly defend himfelf upon
account of the fuppreffing the Names of the Witneffes, but can only
conjecture in general, not being able to make any tolerable Guefs, 'tis re-
commerided to the Prudence of the Inquifitor, to take fuch proper Mea-
fiires, as that he may know, whether the faid Deponents and Witneffes
are the mortal Enemies of the Perfons accufed or not.
Eymerick, in the third Part of his Directory of the Inquifitors, defcribes
to us fix Ways of giving a Copy of the Procefs to Perfons accufed of He
refy, fuppreffing the Names of the Accufers, by which tis evident, that
this one Thing is determined by the Inquifitors, viz. to condemn the
Prifoners as guilty, right or wrong, by ufing various Arts and Impoftures,
and efpecially by denying them the principal Means of their Defence.
The firft Method is, to exhibit the Names of the Informers, not in
the Copy of the Procefs, but in a feparate Paper, nor in the Order in
which they depofe ; but in fuch a Manner, as that he who is the firft
Informer in the Copy, fhall be the fixth or feventh in the feparate Paper j
that by thus changing the Order of the Names,, the Perfon accufed may
not know what every one depofes.
The fecond is, to give a Copy of the Procefs to the Perfon accufed,
and in another Paper the Names of the Deponents, mixing with them
the Names of fome other Perfons, who have never depofed againft him
in that Affair, that fo he may object againft this and the other, and yet
Bever know who hath depofed againft him. But thefe Ways are greatly
difapproved

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 2*1
difapproved of, and but feldom pradtifed, becaufe they can't be of
much Service to him that is accufed, becaufe he can't hereby know who
depofed this and the other Thing againft him ; and may be greatly hurt
ful to the Accufers, becaufe the Paper itfelf makes it certain that the
Criminal is accufed by fome pne of them, and being uncertain by whom,
he may form a Refolution againft thofe who have never depofed againft
him, or whofe Depofitions againft him are true, or who have depofed
in his Favour. And thus he may lay Snares for them, and bring thern.
into very great Danger, which they carefully provide againft.
The third Way is, that the Perfon accufed is interrogated when he is
examined, at the End of his Confeffion, and before the Copy of the
Procefs is granted him, whether he remembers that he hath any mor
tal Enemies, who, laying afide the Fear of God, may charge him falfe
ly with heretical Pravity ; fo that without farther thinking, and before
he fees the Depofitions of the Witneffes, he may anfwer, either that he
doth not remember that he hath any fuch Enemies, or, that if he doth
call any fuch to mind, he may name them as they occur to him.
If he fays he hath no fuch Enemies, the Inquifitor may charge him
to think well upon the Matter, and allow him a convenient Space of
Time to confider of it, and to write down their Names, if he remem
bers any, and thus defcribed, to exhibit them to the Judge, with the No
tary and Witneffes. The Judge muft caufe all thefe Things to be in
ferted in the Acts, viz. that fuch a one, &c. appeared fuch a Day, &c.
before the Inquifitor, &c. and gave in a certain written Paper, contain
ing as underwritten, which muft be inferted at length. After which,
the Judge gives him his Oath, and afks him, Whether that be his Wri
ting, and written with his own Hand ? Likewife, Whether he affirms,
that .all and Angular the Matters contained in it, are true ? Likewife,
Whether aU and Angular the Perfons, . there defcribed by Name, are his
mortal Enemies ? Likewife, Concerning the Time, Rife, Caufe, or Oc
cafion of the Enmity ? Likewife, Whether befides the before-named,
he hath any other Enemies, and whom, and what the Caufe and Time
of the Enmity ? Again, Whether after fuch Enmity contracted or arifen,
he hath ever made ufe of them as Evidences for him in any Civil or
Criminal Caufe ? To thefe other Interrogatories may be added at Plea
fure, as the prudent Judge fhall think proper, from the Anfwers given
to the Premifes, and other reafonable Circumftances ; which being well ,
confidered, and diligently examined, it will be eafy to difcover whether
the Enmity pretended, be real or not. But even here they are particu-
K k 2 larly

2y 2 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
larly cautious, that whilft they are thinking of Methods to find out the
Enmity of the Witneffes, the Criminals may not come to the Know
ledge of them. Thefe Things almoft agree with the Words ofthe Bifhop
of Albano, in which he prefcribes what the Inquifitors muft do in fuch a
Cafe. Moreover, let the Inquifitors enquire from the Perfon againfi whom
they are to proceed, whether he hath any mortal Enemies, or certainly
fufpeBed to be fo, who, thro' Hatred, might fwear againfi him, and let
him put down their Names in Writing, whom he Jays he hath Reafon legally
tofufpeB ; and let them proceed and receive other Witneffes againfi him,
and yet neverthelefs they may receive fuch fufpeBed Witneffes if they judge
it proper. And a little after he adds, And altho' the Witneffes, who are
faid to be fufpeBed, or found to be Enemies, are not to be believed, unlejs
there be any Thing that may legally fupport their Evidence.
The fourth is, that the Perfon accufed, in the* End of his Confeffion,
before he is allowed to make his Defence, fhould be interrogated con-
cerning thefe Witneffes who have depofed the moft heinous Things a-
gainft him, as tho' they were accufed themfelves, after this Manner : Do
you know Such-a-one ? naming one of the moft confiderable Witneffes.
If he faith he doth not, he cant reject him in his Defence as ar mortal
Enemy, having declared"upon Oath he did not know him. If he. an
fwers, that he doth know him, he is interrogated, Whether he knows,
or hath heard, that he hath faid or done any Thing againft the Faith ?
Then he is afked, Whether he is his Friend or Enemy ? and prefuming
that he will anfwer, His Friend; that his Evidence for him may be ad
mitted, he can't, after he hath faid fo, reject him as a mortal Enemy.
Eymerick is for ufing thefe two Methods but feldom, becaufe, tho' not at
all dangerous to the Deponents, they are prejudicial to the Accufed. But
yet he approves, that the latter fliould be ufed againft cavilling and cun
ning Perfons, and fays, that he himfelf hath fometimes, t]io' feldom,
taken this Method againfl fuch Perfons, whereby, as the Apoftle fays,
being cunning, he caught them by Guile.
Camillus Campegius adds, If he anfwers, that he doth not know that
he hath faid any Thing againft the Faith, the Inquifitor muft not omit
to afk him, Whether he be his Friend or Enemy ? If he anfwers, his
Friend, but that he would not be filent even on this Account, but would
come in Evidence againft him, if he knew that he had offended againft
the Faith, he cant object againft him any more in this Caufe as a mor
tal Enemy. For this is to be remarked, that he who once allows a Wit
nefs, can never after reject him. The

The Hiftory of the, INQUISITION. 25-3
The fame Campegius adds another Way, viz. the Inquifitor afks the
accufed Perfon, in his firft Examination, What he thinks to be the Rea
fon of his being apprehended or imprifoned ? Likewife, Who he fu-
fpects to be his Acculers ? And if he particularly names any, he is afked,
Why he fufpects them rather than others ? To which Queftion perhaps
he will anfwer, by affigning, as the Reafon or Caufe, Hatred, a Law-
Suit, or Quarrel, or fome fuch like Matter. After this the Inquifitor afks
him again, Whether he hath any other Enemies, and who they are, and
of the Time, and Occafion of their Enmity ? as above. He afks him
again, Who were prefent, when the Perfons he rejects as Enemies, affault-
ed or wounded him ? and the like ; and by whom he can, be informed of
the Reality of fuch mortal Enmity ? After this the Inquifitor diligently
confiders-his Anfwers and Affertions, and receives Informations from reli*
gious Perfons concerning the Credit of the Witneffes, in order to find
out the Truth ; and if he finds that the Witneffes are juftly charged with
mortal Enmity, he muft confult the Laws, Doctors, and Counfellors, and
then act as he fees fit.
The fifth is, to give the Perfon accufed a Copy of the Procefs, fuppref
fing the Names of the- Deponents, fo that when he fees the Depofitions,
he may conjecture who it was that depofed fo and fo againft him. On
this fometimes he names feveral as his mortal Enemies, affigning the Rea-
fons of it, and producing his Witneffes. If he guefles at any, the In
quifitor enquires the Caufes of the Enmity ; if they are not fufficient, he
rejects them ; if they are, he examines the Witneffes privately ; who,
upon not giving legal Proof, are rejected. This is performed with the
Advice of the Learned. And this Method is- generally obferved..
The fixth is, that when the Perfon accufed fays, upon giving him a
Copy of the Procefs, that he hath many mortal, Enemies, names them^
and affigns , the Reafon s of fuch Enmity, the Diocefan and Inquifitor
hold a Council of Divines and Lawyers, caufe the whole Procefs to be
read over by the Notary, difcover to them the Names of the Witneffes
and Deponents, and oblige them by Oath, or under Penalty of Excom
munication, not only to give found Advice, but alfo to obferve perfect
Secrefy. After this 'tis debated amongft them, Whether they fully.
know the Perfon accufed, and the Witneffes, and whether there is mor
tal Enmity between them ? If they fully know them, their Counfel and
Advice is flood to, and whofoever are adjudged by them to be mortal
Enemies, are rejected from giving Evidence ; and thofe who are adjudged
not to be fo, are admitted. If the Counfellors do not fully know the
Peiion

2 5"4 The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION.
Perfon accufed and the Witneffes, two, three, or four Perfons of Repu
tation, well acquainted with the Criminal, are chofen by their Advice,
out of the City, where the accufed Perfon dwelt. One of thefe at leaft,
or two, muft be Parifli-Priefts, and another, if it can conveniently be,
a Religious, and the others Layicks, reputable Men, zealous for the
Truth. Thefe are fecretly called together by the Bifhop and Inquifi
tor, and being obliged to fpeak the Truth by Oath, or under Penalty
of Excommunication, are interrogated, concerning the mortal Enmity
or Friendfhip of the Perfon accufed, and the Witneffes. The Bifhop and
Inquifitor entirely acquiefce in their Judgment, fo thatafterthey have well
and carefully confidered the Matter amongft themfelves, they reject from
being Evidences fuch as thefe Perfons fay and prove to be the Accufed's
mortal Enemies, and admit thefe which they fay are not. This is the ufual
Method, and feems to agree with the Determination of the Council of Bi
ter re, cap. 10. But let Care be taken of this, as the Apoftolick See hath carefully
determined, that the Names ofthe Witneffes be not difcovered by any AB or
Word. But if the Perfon, under Inquifition, infifis on it, and fays that
poffibly he may have Enemies, or that fome Perfons have confpired againfi
him, let the Names of fuch Enemies or Confpirators, and the Occafion and
Truth of fuch Enmities and Confpiracies, be jo drawn out of him, as that
the Safety of the Witneffes, and the Perfons alfo to be conviBed, may be
provided for.
And in order the more effectually to prevent all Danger to the Wit
neffes, which may arife from their being known, Camillus Campegius ad-
vifes, not only to fupprefs their Names, but even all Circumftances that
may tend to point out or difcover them. For he fays he hath often
times ieen that the granting fuch a Copy hath given Rife to Enmities,
Hatreds, Wounds, and Death ; and fometimes, that thofe under Inquifi
tion, falfely imagining a Perfon to have depofed againft them, who hath
not, nor faid or did any Thing againft them, have notwithftanding, thro'
fuch a falfe Perfuafion, contrived not only greatly to injure him, but even
his Deftruction. Thus it happened at Ferrara, and at other Places, as
he fays he was credibly informed. And therefore he advifes the Inquifi
tors, to proceed very cautioufly in this Affair, and fo to defend the Ca
tholick Faith, as to fecure the Lives of the Witneffes. For he fays there
are few to be found, who are willing to inform or depofe in this Caufe
of Hereticks, and that if the Safety of the Witneffes fhould be endan
gered by the World, he imagines there would not be fo much as a fingle
Informer. When

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. iss
When any juft Exceptions are objected againft the Witneffes, the Cri
minal is admitted to prove them. But his Witneffes are fo cautioufly
examined, as if poffible to prevent their knowing who the Witneffes
againft the Criminal are. And, in order to this, they are interrogated
not only concerning the Enmity or Confpiracy of the real Witneffes
againft the Criminal, but of others alfo who are not Evidences againft
him. Since therefore they are fo exceeding cautious not to difcover by any
Means the Informers or Witneffes to the Criminals, tis evident they are
not brought before^ . or confronted with one another, that they may be
heard againft, and what they fay and anfwer be oppofed to, each other.
Carena teaches us, that Perfons are feldom confronted in the Holy Of
fice ; and that 'tis never done in the Supreme Tribunal of the City, un
lefs the Caufe be fully known, and the Cardinals Supreme Inquifitors in-
terpofe by their Decree, who ufually determine, whether or no any Dan
ger may accrue to the Witneffes and Criminal, by being confronted. But
becaufe fometimes it happens in the Holy Office, that the Criminal muft
neceffarily be feen and pointed out by the Witneffes, this is done not by
openly confronting them, but by making the Witneffes look through the
Crevices of the Door of fome faftened Room, where the Criminal is
put, in Company of fome other Perfons alike in their Drefs, Stature, and
Face. This Carena fays was practifed formerly in the Inquifition at Cre
mona, according to the Command of the Sacred Congregation, where a
certain Regular, who had contracted Matrimony, was thus viewed and
pointed out, notwithftanding his Confeffion, that the Sentence of the
Nullity of his Marriage might be more fafely pronounced.

CHAP. XVI.
How tbe Articles and Witneffes for the Criminal are examined.
WHEN the Criminal hath received a Copy of the Evidence and
Proofs againft him, if he infifts on his Defence, a certain Tenn
is granted him to exhibit the Articles by which he would prove his In
nocence. This Term is not fixed to any precife Day, but left to the
Pleafure of the Judge, who can grant him more or fewer Days, as he
thinks fit, And becaufe the Defence of the Criminal confifts of three
Parts3

%S6 The Hiftory of fhe IN QU I S I T I O N.
Parts, viz. in denying the Fact, or difabling the Witneffes, or proving
his good Life and Behaviour, his being a good Chriftian, or Catholick,
the Articles -to be proved are .d.ifpofed into Method, according to the
aforefaid Divifion. But yet the .prudent and Catholick Procurator or Ad
vocate muft confider his Oath, and both infert in the Articles the Things
which he believes to be true, juft as they have been fuggefted to him by
the Criminal he is to defend, and continually admonifh him fimply to
confefs the Truth.
At the End of the Articles produced by the Criminal, the Names of
the Witneffes by which he would prove his Innocence, are put down, and
the particular Article upon which he would have each Witnefs examined,
fpecified. For as it can't eafily happen that any fingle Witnefs fhould
know all the Matters contained in all the Articles, therefore to prevent
the Inquifitor, or he to whom the Inquifitor commits the Examination,
the Trouble of being forced to guefs who knows the Contents of fuch
and fuch an Article, or of examining all the Witneffes upon every Arti
cle, tis particularly fhewn, that fuch a Witnefs muft be examined upon
fuch and fuch , an Article, and fo of the reft. By fome he endeavours
to prove, that the Perfon who he imagines hath depofed againft him,
is, his mortal Enemy ; by others, that he hath lived a good Life ; and
fo on.
If after the Articles have been produced and admitted, the Criminal
will add one or more additional Articles to them, the Inquifitor may ad
mit them as well as the firft, becaufe 'tis not exprefly prohibited by
Law. In forming thefe Articles, a fkilful Advocate or Procurator muft
confider thofe Things, which may either remove or extenuate the Crime,
L e. prove the Falfhood of the Accufation, or extenuate the Guilt by
proper Circumftances ; as, whether the Perfon was mad or drunk when.
he faid it. Of which more hereafter.
After the Criminal hath once produced and named his Witneffes, the
Inquii:tor may,^ if he fees fit, and knows there is no Fraud or Deceit,
allow the Criminal to name others afterwards, and admit them.
When the Witneffes thus produced by the Criminal have depofed be
fore the Inquifitor, a Copy of their Depofitions is given to the Procura?
tor of the Exchequer, who, iii his Turn, exhibits his Interrogatories up
on them, that the Witneffes brought by the Prifoner in his Defence, may
be examined upon them. And here, juft as the Criminal's Advocate
doth, he afks abundance of Queftions about the Wknefs's Perfon, Condi
tion of Life, and whether they know the Criminal, or are any ways a-kin to

The Hiftory of the1! N QU I S I T I O N. ZS7
to him ? and the like. Befides this, he is afked, How he came to put
himfelf upon this prefent Examination ? Whether any body defired him
to do it ? And who ? With what Words ? And what he the faid Wit
nefs anfwered r Whether the Articles upon which he was to be examin
ed, were ihewn him. ? Or whether he hath been otherwife inftructed what
to depofe? Whether any Thing hath been given, promifed, or forgiven him,
and what ? Whether he expects any Advantage by his prefent Depofi
tion, or by the Delivery of the Prifoner out of the Prifon of the Holy
Office, and what ? To thefe he adds others fuitable to the Affair ; and
thus running over every Article produced by the Criminal, he demands
that his Witneffes be interrogated upon each of them.
The Procurator of the Exchequer of the Supreme Senate of the ge
neral Roman Inquifition, ufually demands at the End of his Interrogato
ries, that the Inquifitor, who is to examine the Witneffes, will form
other proper Interrogatories, as the Matter fhall require, and the Anfwers
of the Witneffes fhall make neceffary. For it often happens, that as the
Witneffes are examining, fuch Things are faid by them, as give Occa
fion to new Interrogatories, fo neceffary and fuitable to the Cafe as tends
very much to difcover the Truth.
Tis fometimes the Cuftom, as Pegna tells us, for the Procurator of
the Exchequer of the Holy Inquifition, at the End of his Interrogato
ries, to put fiich an Interrogatory as this againft a Criminal to his Wit
nefs. Whether he knows, or hath heard it faid, that the faid N. in the
faid City of N. was accounted as one fufpected of Herefy, and a Man of
an ill Character, Opinion, and Fame, in Matters relating to the Holy Ca
tholick Faith ? If he anfwers Yes, he is afked how he came to know
this, and muft name the Errors and Herefies, who were Witneffes with
him, at what Time, what the particular Place ; all which he muft par
ticularly relate. If he anfwers No, he is interrogated, How tis poffible
that the faid N. fhould be accounted as one fufpected of Herefy, and
otherwife of evil Life, Condition, and Fame, in Matters appertaining to
the Holy Catholick Faith, and yet he the faid Witnefs fhould be igno
rant of it? Pegna adds, that the fecond Part of this Interrogatory feems
to him very dangerous, and proper only to invalidate the Evidence ofthe
Witnefs for the Criminal. For if fuch Witnefs fhould anfwer, 'tis pof
fible that N. may have been fufpected of Herefy, and yet that he might
be ignorant of it, his Evidence would be weakened. And altho' fome
Doctors greatly admire fuch an Interrogatory, and fay that 'tis a moft
excellent and admirable one, and what will invalidate the Depofitions of
almoft all Witneffes for the Criminal, yet he is rather of Opinion, that
L 1 if

2*8 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
if fiich an Interrogatory fhould be put by the Procurator of the Exche
quer, it ought not to be allowed by the Inquifitor ; left if an ignorant
Witnefs, which almoft all the common and vulgar People are, fhould
anfwer, it was poffible, and really is fo, the fame Procurator of the Ex
chequer, after the Procefs is ended, and the Proofs examined, fhould by
fuch a Caution fhake the Credit of all the Proofs urged in Behalf of the
Criminals. If there is any Reafon to doubt of the Faithfulnefs, Conftancy, or Si
lence of any one of the Witneffes, viz. that, if difmiffed after his Exa
mination was ended, he would confer with any other Witneffes to be
examined, he is ufually kept in the Holy Office till after their Examina
tion. But if he be an honeft Man, of good Condition and Reputation,
and in no Danger of difcovering any Thing he hath acknowledged, he
is immediately difmiffed after his Examination.
No Copy of the Depofitions is or ought to be given before the Exa
mination is finifhed. But if after the Examination of fome, the Crimi
nal declares that he renounces any farther Examination, a Copy may be
given him.
Altho', after the Publication of the Evidence, Witneffes are not to be
admitted upon the fame Articles, or others contrary to them, yet in the
Caufe of Herefy' they are always to be allowed, whether it be for or
againft the Criminal ; becaufe, as this Publication is done in private,
there can be no Sufpicion ofthe Witneffes being corrupted in thefe
Caufes. It often happens that the Witneffes to be re-produced, or otherwife
examined, are abfent from the Place in which the Action is carried on
againft the Criminal, and therefore there muft be a Commiffion to exa
mine them, or their Examination muft be committed to fome proper
Perfon. And altho' in Criminal Caufes fuch Commiffion for examining
diftant Perfons is not allowed, the Judge himfelf being to interrogate
the Witneffes, and to confider with what Steddinefe, Trembling, or
Countenance they fpeak, yet fuch Commiffion is granted in the Crime
Of Herefy, and efpecially when the Witneffes are in remote Places, and
in other Dioceffes, and cant come to the Inquifitors without great Ex-
pence. With thefe Letters of Commiffion there muft alfo be fent to the Judge
or Inquifitor, to whom the Examination of Witneffes in Behalf of the
Criminal is committed, Articles and Interrogatories, upon which the faid
Witneffes muft be examined, in the fame Mariner as if they were ex-
' - amined

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 2*9
amined by the Inquifitor before whom the Caufe is tried. But the Inqui
fitor or Bifhop, who delegates the Examination to another, muft not
allow the Party to give Articles for the Witneffes, before the Judge to
whom they direct the Examination, but they are to be given to the Judge
of the Caufe. When the Examination is ended, the Judge, who re
ceives thefe remiffory Letters, muft take Care to tranfmit to the Inquifi
tor who delegates him, an authentick Copy of the original Procefs, faith
fully extracted, compared with the Original, and fubfcribed by the Judge
and Notary. But if it can be done without Danger of lofing it, the
original Copy itfelf muft be fent to him, and the delegated Judge keep
the authentick Copy by him.
If whilft the Caufe is depending there arife new Proofs againft the
Criminal, or he commits a new Offence, or if there appears any Thing
favourable in his Behalf; if, for Inftance, the Informer or Witnefs, upon
recollecting himfelf, comes to depofe any Circumftance that may ex
tenuate the Crime, or if any other comes to difcover any Thing that
may make the Criminal's Innocence appear, they are to be received. This
is efpecially to be obferved, in cafe any Difcovery can be made of a Con-
fpiracy againft the Criminal, or of the Subornation of the Witnefs or
Witneffes to give Evidence againft him.

CHAP. XVII.
Of the Defence of the C r i m i n al s.
AFTER the Parties have prepared their Proofs, Pegna fays, a Co
py of the defenfive Procefs muft be delivered to the Criminal.
But Carena obferves, that for the Space of twenty Years, during which
he acted in the Inquifition at Cremona, he never faw a Copy of the de-
fenAve Procefs given to the Criminals in that Court, and he advifes all
the InquiAtors, to act in the fame Manner ; becaufe fometimes the Cri
minal produces in his Defence Witneffes of a tender Confcience, who
rather make againft him, and for this Reafon Inconveniences may arife
from the Grant of this Procefs. And this, he fays, is the Practice ofthe
Spanip Inquifition. But whatever the Copy is which is granted him,
he hath a Term fixed him for making his Defejnce, within which, if he
L 1 2 thinks

z6o The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
thinks fit, he gives in his Informations as to Fact and Law, to- prove his
Innocence. Obftinate Hereticks are denied a Defence ; but Criminals, not yet con
victed, are allowed to make the beft they can. The firft and principal
Defence of thofe who are innocent, >¦ is to deny the Crimes which are
falfely objected to them. Such a one muft conftantly perfift in his De
nial of them, that he may not unjuftly condemn, and give falfe Evidence
againft himfelf. Such a one, however, can't prove directly by Witneffes
that he did not fay or do fuch a Thing ; but when the Place and Time
ofthe Crime, faid to be committed, is afligned,' he may prove that he
was not then and there prefent, and that therefore he did not fay or do
any Thing of which he is accufed. And when he hath proved this by
feveral reputable Witneffes, he is to be abfolved.
Another kind of Defence is, if he can refute the Witneffes, i. e. if he
can prove they, are his Enemies, or fuborned with Money by his Ene
mies, or have . confpired againft him.
As Facts are more entertaining, and full as inftructive as the mofl
Learned Difcourfes on Points like thefe, we have chofen to infert here a
very remarkable Inftance of the Equity of this Tribunal, copied from the
Work of an Author who was himfelf a Secretary ofthe Holy Office, and
abandoned it merely to fatisfy his Confcience ; as we fhall hereafter ac
quaint our Readers, making ufe in the mean time of his Narration.
Alfonfo Nobre, born and then living in Villa Vizofa, one of the beft
and nobleft Families in that- Town, where he ferved feveral Times in the
Manner of a Sheriff, &c. which Places are only beftowed in Portugal on
the nobleft Perfons, and fuch whofe Blood is wholly free from the leaft
Tincture of Judaifm, was taken up and carried to the Inquifitiory of
Coimbra, upon Information that he was not a Chriftian : Some time after,
they alfo took up and brought to the fame Place a Son and Daughter,
which were all the Children he had. Thefe being very young, in a very
iitde time after their being brought thither, either by the ill Advice of their
Fellow-Prifoners, or the Hardfhips they made them to undergo, ' con
feffed, and innocently declared againft their Father, who came out at the
next Auto, with Sentence of being burnt for denying what was depofed
againft him.; and he was accordingly executed. At the Auto his Son
earne to him to beg his Pardon and Bleffing ; but the>Father anfwered
him, I forgive. you both, tho', you have brought me to this fhamefu-1
Death; hoping that God and his Son Jefus Chrift will alfo forgive me
all my Sins ; but my Bleffing I cannot give you : For he cannot be my
Son

The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I O N. -l6 i
Son who confeffes what he never did, and who being, and having always
been a Catholick Chriftian, bafely denies his Saviour, and faith, that he
was a Jew : Go, faid he, unnatural Son ; I pray God to forgive you.
And after this, being carried to the Place of Execution, he behaved him
felf with fuch Courage and Firmnefs in the Faith of Chrift, and made
fuch pious Speeches, and devout Prayers, that it ftruck all the Auditors
with Terror and Admiration. A great many fuch Cafes might be here
fet down ; but being much to the fame Purpofe, I omit them, that I may
not be guilty of too many Repetitions.
The Children of this and of another Prifoner, who were both delivered
up to Juftice for denying their Charge, and both Perfons ofthe beft Families,
and of great Authority, as aforefaid, fwore againft them ; as did like-
wife Jacome de Melto's Wife, whofe Name was Dona Beatris de Car-
valla, oi a noble Family of Elvas, who they alfo faid was defcended
of Jewifh Parents. Let any one look into the Procefs of this Woman
and her Children, and fee how they agree with one another, or with the
Witneffes that fwore. againft them, and- upon whofe Declaration they
were taken up, and they'll find that none of them agreed in any one
Thing, which is very ftrange : For if they were fuch. true Penitents as
not to flick, the one to declare againft her. Hufband, and the others a-
gainft their Father, and thereby bring him to be burnt, why fliould they
not agree in the fame Facts, and Afts of ..Judaifm, and with the fame
Circumftances depofed by the Witneffes who' were the Caufe of their be
ing taken up. In fine, all their Depofitions will be found fo various,. that
its an eafy Matter to guefs at their being falfe, and invented Stories ; for
as already faid, if they were real and true, it would be no hard Matter
for the Confeffions to agree with the Depofitions. . .?
The fame will be found. in the Proceffes of the Son and Daughter of
Alfonfo Nobre, and of thofe that fwore againft them, and their Father.
We fhall hereafter give an Example of the Perfons of low Birth ; becaufe
People may not imagine, that the two Gentlemen before mentioned thro'
a Punctilio of Honour chofe rather to die, than to confefs what was
fworn againft them. ;
If the Criminal confeffes- his Offence, the Caufe is finifhed. If he coiv-
fefles it, but with the Addition of fome Circumftance, that either takes
away, or leffens the Crime, the Procurator of the Exchequer receives
the Confeffion of the Offence, and -puts it upon him to prove the Cir
cumftance added. Now there are various Circumftances to be, urged in
Abatement, which the Advocates' ufe in defending Criminals. As if
Herefy

%6% .The Hiftory' ofthe I N QU I SIT I O N.
Herefy was fpoken by a Madman, an Infant, or. a decrepit-old Man, ex
cept fuch aged Perfon hath his Judgment entire. Likewife, if it be pro
nounced in a Dream, or by one fo drunk as to be quite out of his Senfes ;
or if by one,, who, without any ill Defign, relates the Herefies of others;
or who, by a Slip of his Tongue, drops any Thing heretical, and im
mediately retracts it. Or if. any one errs againft any Article of the Ca
tholick Faith without Obftinaey, which he is not obliged explicitely^ to
know, and efpecially if drawn into this Error by one whom he was obli
ged to believe. Very great Simplicity alfo may excufe ; alfo a Joke or
Jeft, if thoughtlefly pronounced, and in hafle, upon a particular Occa
fion, and without Deliberation, may fometimes excufe from Herefy, tho'
fuch Perfons may be punifhed as rafh and evil Speakers. Add to this,
any one's faying or doing any Thing heretical, thro' Fear of Death or
Tortures. Such a one, indeed, grievoufly offends, but yet is not an He
retick. For, as Brunus fays, as a forced Confeffion of the true Faith
doth not make a Catholick, fo neither is the afferting a forced Error to
be imputed for Herefy. Finally, fuch Things as are uttered thro' any
vehement Commotion of Mind, fuch as Love, Jealoufy, Anger, fudden
Grief, and the like. There is alfo a kind of Defence taken from the
Command of a Superior. As when a Servant by his Matter's Command
breaks Images, or commits any fuch Thing, he is to be more gently pu
nifhed. Brunus adds, that an Heretick may object, that the Caufe hath
been already judged, and the Affair determined, which is allowed, whe
ther Cognifance hath been taken of the Crime either by Accufation or
Inquifition. There is alfo another kind of Defence, viz. when any Perfon confeffes
fome heretical Word, or Fact, but denies the evil Intention, and thus
fhews himfelf to be clear of Herefy, becaufe Herefy confifts properly in
the Mind. When this Defence is urged, the Criminals are tortured to
difcover their Intention, and to make them fully and entirely confefs.
But this they limit in certain Cafes, and don't proceed to the Torture to
find out the Intention, if there be no confiderable Proof of the Crime
befides the Criminal's Confeffion, and when there is juft Ground to con
clude by the Circumftances of the Fact and other Prefumptions, that the
Criminal offended with a quite different View, and not thro' an heretical
Mind. Carena relates a memorable Inftance of this, decided before the
Tribunal of the Holy Office at Granada, by Francis Marin de Rodezno,
Inquifitor at Granada. n In

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 263
In the Year 1640, April 5, on Thurfday in the Week before Eafier,
there was a Writing fixed upon the Gates of the Senate Houfe at Gra
nada. In this Paper the Law of Mofes was greatly extolled, and the Sect
of Calvin commended, and the moft Holy Faith of Chrift accurfed with
the moft terrible Imprecations. The Virginity and Chaftity of the Mo
ther of God was denied in fo very obfcene a Manner, as would fcarce
become a common Whore proftituting herfelf in a Bawdy Houfe. He
alfo, with a Shew of Compaffion, advifed all Perfons, that they would
not thpughtlefly fuffer themfelves to be drawn away by a falfe Religion.
And finally, lie threatened, that he would caufe to be deftroyed all thofe
Regards- of Worthip and Piety, which the City of Granada pay'd to a
Marble Image of the Virgin, erected as a Token of Victory, and placed
in an open Field over-againft the Gate of Elvira, at the Entrance into
the City, and commonly called, Our Lady of Triumph. This Writing
was feen by two Men after the Dead of -Night was over, by Twilight;
and as the Paper and Character was very extraordinary, it eafily excited
their Curiofity, and altho' they were ignorant of the Contents, they took
it down from the Gates. But after they had read it, and perceived the
Wickednefs and Blafphemy of it, they carried it the next Day to the Sa
cred Tribunal of the Inquifition. The Report of this Wickednefs im
mediately took Air, and the Enormity and Greatnefs of the Crime alarm
ed the whole City, of Granada.
1 One. Friar Francis Alexander was appointed by the Senate of Granada,
to take Care of the Worfhip of the faid Lady of Triumph ; who, upon
this Account, was, after the Spanip Cuftom, called The Hermit, and
whofe Fla%it was very agreeable to his Office. He pretended to his Neigh
bours, that he was injured above- all others by this Offence done againft
the Mother of God, and in his private Converfation in the City often
times inveighed againft the Heiaoufnefs of the Crime, and at laft de
pofed in a legal Manner what he had Reafon to fufpect, and what he
himfelf had obferved in that facred Night. But as nothing came ofthe
moft diligent Inquifitions that had been made into the Affair, there arofe
at faft great Sufpicions and Prefumptions againft the Hermit himfelf, af
ter his own Depofitions had been privately, and at Leifure confidered.
His Depofitions were found inconfiftent and contradictory, tho' he made
them voluntarily and freely, without any one's afking or. calling upon
him ; and in fome of them he was openly convicted of Falfhood. Se
veral times he repeated^ feveral of the very Expreflions ofthe faid Paper,
fo exprefly and' particularly,- as could not poflibly be done by any one who

2 6 a The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S, I T I O .N.
was not the Author of it, or at leaft privy, to it ; whereas he himfelf con
feffed, after he had been informed againft before the Tribunal, that he
had neither feen nor read it. And when a certain Perfon faid. before him,
that it was commonly reported thro' the City that he was the Author of
the Paper, when the Sufpicion was. infinuated, he- immediately turned
pale, and dextroufly fhifted the Difcourfe ; tp ' fomething elfe, without
mentioning a Word of the Affair, tho' his Countenance was obferved to
fall. The Circumftances of the Perfon added to the Sufpicion, as he
was a Man of an ill Life and Behaviour, remarkable for Hypocrifj^ and
guilty of many Crimes. And finally, the -common People were univer-
fally perfuaded, and all affirmed, as with one Voice, that no ohe elfe
could be guilty of fo heinous a Crime.
Upon this the Hermit was ordered to Prifon, and after three Admoni
tions made on three feveral Days, and upon comparing other Writings
of his with the Letters of this Paper, finding that they were exactly fimi-
lar and perfectly alike, and that therefore the Hand and Author muft be
the fame, he was cited by the Fifcal of the Inquifition, and arraigned
for the Crime, and immediately ingenuoufly confeffed it, and began to
give an Account of the paft Courfe and Manner of his Life; faying, that
he was a Religious of a certain very venerable Religion and Fraternity,
a Lay-Brother, and Profeffed ; but that on the Account of certain Dif
ferences and Quarrels therein he fled, and had forfaken his Religion fe
veral Years. But inafmuch as he had not loft his Regard to Piety and
Religion, tho' he had changed his Habit, . he travelled to Jerufalem, and
there vifited the Holy Places, where, thro' a peculiar flrong Affection to
the Mother of God, he had received certain Marks on his Arms as a
conftant Monument of his Devotion. From Jerufalem. he came to the
Lower Pannonia, and in the City of Vienna built and dedicated a Tem
ple to Our Lady of Conception. After this he returned back to the City
of Granada, where he had confecrated his Life to Our Lady of Triumph,
and the Care of her Worfhip. And that when he had found that there
was nothing done towards finifliing. her Temple, and that the Devo
tion of the Faithful grew cool, he was excited by thefe Motives to en
deavour to encreafe the Worfhip and Veneration; of that Sacred Place ;
and that with this View he fixed up the Paper filled with Reproaches and
outragious Affronts againfl the Mother of God, and particularly directed
againft Our Lady of Triumph. And that he might prevent himfelf from
being fufpected of the Crime, and throw, it noonofteoi-fkejewifhs\ace,
who are more liable to Sufpicion, he wrote in the Paper an high Enco mium

The Hiftory. ^///^INQUISITION. i6s
mium ofthe Law of Mofes, and an Abjuration of Chriftianity. And
finally, that no Portuguefe might be thought guilty of this Wickednefs,
and that that Nation might not come hereby into Difcredit, he added a
very great Commendation of the Calvinifikk Sect, to which, as he now
thinks, he was moved by the Inftigation oi the Devil. For he thought
that by this Means he fhould more eafily bring the People into a more-
fervent Devotion, in order to expiate the Wickednefs of that Paper, and
perfuade them to celebrate the moft venerable, pompous, and magnifi
cent Ceremonies in honour of the Virgin, , to finifh her Church, andto
encreafe the Veneration and Worfhip paid her, and finally to render that
Sacred Place famous for its being "reforted to by great Multitudes from
that City and the neighbouring Towns. And therefore, that he was fo
far from fixing up the aforefaid Paper out of an heretical Mind, and
from believing the Errors contained in it, that he did it with a quite con
trary Defign, and always intended hereby to encreafe the Honour and
Worfhip of the Virgin, as became a Man faithful to the Mother of
God, a Chriftian, and alfo a Catholick, and one born of pious and Ca
tholick Parents.
When they had heard his Confeffion, and examined and finifhed his
Caufe, they did not think proper to put him to the Torture, for difco-
vering his Companions or Accomplices, and whether or no he acted with
an heretical Intention ; becaufe many Circumftances and Prefumptions .
concurred, which not only gave Reafon to think, but notorioufly proved,
that the Criminal had no heretical Intention, but that his only Defign
was to caufe greater Veneration to be paid to Our Lady of Triumph, that
he himfelf might be held in greater Efteem, and fo obtain more liberal
Alms. Nor did they think proper to deliver him over to the Secular
Arm, becaufe he had fixed up the Paper to bring the greater Honour to
the Virgin, and becaufe as foon as ever his Accufation was read over, he
ingenuoufly confefsd his Crime ; and finally, becaufe he had implored
Mercy with many Tears and Signs of Repentance, and, during the Time
of his Imprifonment, had undergone many voluntary Penances, mace
rating his Body by Whipping, Fallings, and other Chaftifements, and
was a Monk of a < moft venerable Religion, which had produced many
Saints, whofe Merits were fufficient to fupply and excuie the Errors of
others, at leaft fo far as to fave them from Punifhment. lt was therefore
decreed, that the Criminal fhould come forth at a Publick Act of the
Faith, if there was any one near at hand; or if not, that he fliould ap
pear in fome publick Church with the Marks of a Blafphemer, with his
M m Tongue

166 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N,
Tongue in a Gag, that he fhould, as one vehemently fufpected, be con
demned to the Gallies for ten Years; and without any Stipend fuffer per
petual Banifhment from the City, the whole Kingdom' of Granada, the
Royal Court, and five Leagues around it ; and that he fhould be expofed
in the Habit in whieh he was apprehended -,- and whilft his Sentence was
reading with the Merits ofthe Caufe, fhould lift up his Right-Hand, faften
ed into an Iron Collar, and efcape Whipping, becaufe he was a Religious^
Thus we fee that this Hermit came off with a leffer Punifhment, be
caufe by a pious Fraud he intended to promote the Glory of Our Lady of
Triumph. But if they believe that any Thing is done to the Prejudice
of the Romdn Religion, ?tltho' the Criminal fhould deny his Intention,
he will find his Judges to be cruel, and void of Mercy ; and that they
will put him to the Torture at Pleafure, that by the Severity of his
Torments they may force from him a Confeffion of his Intention.
-How the I n qjj isitor may be rejeBed.
There are other Exceptions againft the- Judge himfelf, and thofe are
principally two ; the firft is the Refufal of the Inquifitor. This Refufal
is fometimes reafonable and juft, fometimes frivolous and void. But in
this Tribunal many Caufes, which are fufficient to fet afide other Judges,
are not admitted, but only thefe ; Enmities, Confpiraey againft' the. Cri
minals, or fomething like it, as a grievous Contention, whence Enmity
may eafily arife. Leffer Caufes are never allowed. Or if the Inquifitor
hath dealt hardly by the Criminal, contrary to the common Courfe of
the Law. If the Inquifitor apprehends that the accufed Perfon will, re
fufe him upon this latter Account, he may give a full Deputation to fbme-
other Perfon before he is acquainted with his being rejected ; after which
fuch Rejection is void, and the Deputation made ftands good. If fuch
Rejection be prefented to the Inquifitor, he may amend his Miftake, and
reduce the Procefs to the Condition it was iia, before the Injury com
plained of; and thus the Grievance being removed, the Reafon of Sus
picion ceafes, and the Refufal of the Inquifitor becomes void. ;
If he rejects him as an Enemy, or as a Friend of his Enemy or Accu
fer, Eymerick is of Opinion, that the Matter muft be left to Arbitrators
to determine it. But now the Reafon of fuch Refufal muft be remitted
to the Supreme Senate of the Inquifition, that the Affair being fumrna-
rily taken Cognifance of, the Inquifitor refufed may be rejected, or pro
hibited to judge in that Caufe, or on the contrary may be commanded
to proceed. CHAP.

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I ON. 207

CHAP. XVIII.
Of the A p p e al from the I n q.u i s i t o vf.
ANother Exception againft the Judge is, to appeal from the Inqui
fitor. However, Hereticks are allowed no Appeal from a defini
tive Sentence, becaufe no one is definitively condemned for Herefy, un
lefs one that hath confeffed it, or who hath been legally convicted, ac*
cording to the Laws of the Inquifition ; and from fuch definitive* Sen
tences there can be no Appeal, in Favour of the Faith, and out of Ha
tred to Hereticks, left Judgment fhould be protracted. But an interlo
cutory Sentence is a quite different Thing, and from this Criminals are
allowed to appeal, when they think they have been unjuftly dealt with.
This Appeal muft confift of two Parts: The Grievance which the
Criminal affirms he lies under, and the Plea by which fuch Grievance is
proved. Some Grievances are capable of being remedied. As if the Inquifitor
fhould not admit the accufed Perfon to make his Defence, or hath fingly,
and by himfelf, without the Bifhop or Vicar, commanded him to be put
to the Queftion. Other Grievances are irreparable, as if he hath actually
made him undergo the Torture. And therefore when the accufed Per
fon alledges the Grievances, and again and again demands * Letters of
Appeal, the Inquifitor, after fuch an Appeal is exhibited to him, muft,
within thirty Days, examine the Reafons of fuch an Appeal ; and if after
having taken the Advice of proper Perfons, he finds that he hath un
juftly aggrieved the accufed Perfon, he muft, at the Term affigned,
amend what hath been amifs, remedy the Grievances complained of, and
bring the Procefs to its former State, and then proceed as before. For
when the Grievance is removed, the Appeal is void.
As to irreparable Grievances, there muft be a very cautious Procedure,
nor muft any one be put to the Torture without legal Proofs.
For if there have been fuch Grievances as thefe, the Procefs can't be
reduced to its former ' State.

* Jpofloli. -Thofe ApoftoTi were dimiflbry Letters, granted by Ecclefiaftical Officials and
Judges, to thofe who appealed to the Pope afc Rome. t ",
M m 2 If

2tf8 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
If the Inquifitor believes that he hath not proceeded unjuftly, he a£
figns, within thirty Days, to the accufed Perfon a certain Term, fpecify-
ing particularly the Place, Day, and Hour, for his having given him, and
receiving from the Inquifitor, fuch Letters of Appeal, as the Inquifitor
fhall determine, to give him. If he find's the Caufes of the Appeal to be
falfe, or frivolous, or void, "and that the Appellant' only endeavours to
efcape Judgment, the Inquifitor gives him what they call negative Let
ters, or Letters of Refutation, in which he refutes all the Reafons al
ledged in Support of fuch Grievances, and fays, that he doth not admit,
* nor intend to admit, the Appeal put in, and that he pays' no Regard' to
it, nor ever intends it. This is the Anfwer he gives to him who ap
peals unjuftly, which he commands to be inferted directly and imme
diately after the Appeal prefented to him, and then delivers it to the No
tary who prefented it. But if he finds the Grievances to be real, and
unjuftly laid on him, and to be irreparable, or if he is in doubt con
cerning thefe Things, he gives the Appellant what they call affirmative
Letters,, or Letters of Reverence, in which he fays he hath proceeded juft
ly ; and after running thro' the feveral Caufes of the Appeal, and anfwer-
. ing them, at length concludes, that he hath given no Caufe of Appeal ;
hut that neverthelefs, for the Reverence he bears to the Apoftolick See,
which is appealed to, he allows the Appeal, and remits the whole Affair
to the Pope, and affigns to the Appellant a certain Term, within which
he muft appear at the Court of Rome before the Pope, with the Proceffes
iriclofed and fealed up, to be delivered to him by the Inquifitor, upon
giving good Security, or under a fafe and ftrict Guard. This is the An
fwer he gives tp him, who appeals for affirmative Letters, which he com
mands to be immediately inferted after the Appeal put in, and thus de
livers it to the Notary who prefented it.
If the Inquifltor gives the Appellant negative Letters, he continues his
Procefs againft him, to let him know, that he doth not ceafe to he
his Judge, till he is prohibited to proceed by that Judge to whom the
Appeal is made. But yet, from the Hour of the Appeal, he can do no
thing new againft the Appellant, till he hath delivered to him the nega
tive Letters. But if he grants him affirmative or reverential Letters, he
iriimediately ceafes to be his Judge, and can take no farther Cognifance
of the Caufe, unlefs it be remitted to him by the Pope.. He may,. how
ever, proceed againft the Appellant in any other Caufe, viz. if after hav
ing given him fuch Letters of Reverence, he is informed againft before
the Inquifitor for other Herefies and Crimes.: - But

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 269
But now the inferior Inquifitors are . not allowed to ufe this Pow«&
In Spain, the Madrid Inftruction, An. 156 1. c. 51.. gives this Caution in
the Affair;. If jhe Inquifitors think, that an Appeal is to be allowed in any
Cafe, in the criminal Caufes of ' fuch Criminals as are imprifoned, they mufi
fend the Proceffes to, the -^ Senate _Lof the Inquifition, without certifying the
Criminals themfelves of it, and with fuch Caution and Secrefy, that no one
wifhpHt the Prifon may know it ; becaufe, if the Senate ftjould think other-
wife in any particular Caufe, it may give Order, and take the neceffary
Care about it. >But in other Provinces, ' and efpecially in Italy, where the
Appeal is admitted, the Inquifitors confult the Senate of the general Ro
man Inquifition, for tbe whole Chriftian Common wealth, ;, . the Caufe be
ing briefly and fummarily reported to them ; and if the Senate thinks fit
that the Criminals fhould be fent to Rome, it muft be done, and the In
quifitors muft fend thenii thither under good Security,, and fafe Cuftody.
•'.n;c ¦'. ^ .

CHAP. XIX.
. How they proceed againft fuch who make their Ejhape. ,
THUS have we given an Account of the Method? of proceeding
againft a Criminal actually in Prifon. But if he abfent, or hath
made his Efcape,. the Procefs is formed againft him after, this Manner :
When any one is informed againft before the Inquifitor for being infect
ed with Herefy, and fuch Perfon is. not prefent in the Place where the
Inquifitor lives, but dwells in fome other Place, within the Bounds of the
Inquifitor's Jurifdiction, he is faid to be abfent, but not a Fugitive.
When there is any Apprehenfion of his Efcape, tho' they determine that
they may omit the making any- verbal Citation, and proceed immediate*-
ly to apprehend him, yet fometimes- fuch. abfent Perfon is fummoned to
appear on a certain Day and Place, to anfwer to fuch Matters; whereof he
is accufed. But becaufe by fuch a Citation the Criminal may be induced
to meditate his Efcape, others advife, that no particular Caufe fhould
be mention'd in this Citation, but that he fhould be only commanded
in general to appear before, the Inquifitors^ to inform them of certain
Matters Likewife, the Inquifitor writes to the Rector of the Church,
to which the Criminal is, fubject, commanding him tp fuirimpn the Cri
minal

27o The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
sninal before hirii to anfwer concerning the Faith, and to declare the
Truth of himfelf and others as to the Crime of Herefy.
If the abfent Perfon bev wholly Out Of the Jurifdiction pf the Inquifi
tor, the Inquifitor examines the Witneffes privately, that it may not
come to the Knowledge of the abfent accufed Perfon that Inquifition is
made againft him. Then the Inquifitor farther enquires, Whether he
will return into his Jurifdiction ? If 'tis probable he will; he waits a
Year or more for his Return. If 'tis probable he will not, but that, he
hath changed his Place of Abode, 'tis at the Pleafure of the Inquifitor
®ither to require the Inquifitor or Diocefan, whofe Jurifdi^ion the Cri
minal is under, to fend hirii to him, or elfe to tranfmit him the whole
Procefs, that he may do what he thinks proper. In Portugal Perfons
accufed are never turned over to another Place, but punifhed in the
Diftrict where they J are taken, whither the Crimes and Informations
againft the Criminals are fent by the Inquifitors of other Diftricts.
But when any one Jcnow-s -that -Inquifition is made againft him, or is
actually imprifoned, and yet makes his Efcape, to avoid the Hands of the
Inquifitors, he is faid to be a Fugitive. In this Cafe the Inquifitor firft
enquires diligently, and without Noife, to what Place he is fled, and
where he hath concealed himfelf ; and if he finds out the Place, orders
him to be taken up, and fent back to him. If it be within his own-Ju-
rifdiction, he may require the Temporal Lord to apprehend him, and
conduct him within his Diftrict. Yea, he may require the fame from
any other Lord, whilft he hath him in Poffeflion. If he be without his
Jurifdiction, he may neverthelefs proceed againft him, and require the
Inquifitor, irt whofe Jurifdiction he is, to caufe him to be taken up, and
ferit back to him, or fend him his Procefs, that he may do what Juftice
fhall require; u*
If the Inquifitor cannot find out the Place to which the Criminal is
fled, he cites him perfonally in the Cathedral Church of that Diocefs to
whom he belongs, and in the Parifh Church of that City, where he
dwelt before his Efcape, and finally in his own proper Houfe in which
he commonly lived, perfonally to appear within a certain Term before
the Inquifitor, to anfwer concerning the Faith and Articles of Faith, un
der this Penalty, that if he doth not appear within the Term affigned
him, he fhall be excommunicated with the greater Excommunication.
But that fuch Efcape may not go unpunifhed in the Perfon, who be
ing In Cuftody for Herefy, breaks out of Prifon, 'tis a Matter of Cuftom
rather than Law, efpecially in Spaing that if he who makes his Efcape,. be

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 271
be of any confiderable Reputation, and apprehended again, for Inftance,
a Nobleman, Doctor, religious Perfon, or otherwife a Citizen of Account,
he fhall be kept in ftricter Cuftodyj and punifhed more feverely. But
if he is a mean Perfon, he is publickly whipped, and his Caufe is to re
main, and. be. carried- on-in-the- State- it was- befbre3~but- he- is- not-~to be
treated for his Efcape as one convicted of Herefy ; becaufe the break
ing out of Prifon, or an Efcape, hath nothing common with Herefy,
and 'tis to be prefumed that he fled becaufe tired out with his Impri
fonment, or thro' Fear of falfe Witneffes, or the Severity of his Tor
ments, rather than from any Error of his Underftanding. However,
Zanchinus-iays-,ihat- a Prifoner who efeapes, , or attempts tb break Prifon,
ought to be efteemed as a Convict, and condemned as an Heretick.
Simancas on the other hand fays, this cannot be proved by Common Law,
and tho' it be more plainly ordained by the Royal Laws,, yet in his Judg
ment 'tis extremely fevere, . 'Tis ufoaVaJfo witli the Inquifitors, as foon
as ever they underftand the Criminals have efeaped, to write to the neigh
bouring- Inquifitors or Bifhopv or other Perfons whom they judge pro
per, to find out whether the Perfon efeaped hath fled to their City, that
they may take Care to apprehend him, adding in their Letter his Name,:
Sirname, Country, Stature,. Colour, and other Circumftances, by which
the fugitive Criminal may be eafily known.: A
But if fuch Fugitive fhall be found guilty of Herefy, not only by Wit
neffes, but by his own Confeffion, and hath declared himfelf ready to
abjure it, and yet efeapes before his Abjuration, . efpecially if he bera relw
gious Perfon, who hath himfelf preached Herefies, he iscited perfonally
to appear before the Inquifitor at a. certain Place, and within a certain
Day; to abjure his Herefy, and threatened with Excommunication, uri-:
lefs he obeys. And if with an obftinate Mind he lies under the Sentence
of Excommunication for a Year, and doth not make his Abjuration, he is
to be judged as an obftinate Heretick, and delivered over to the Secular
Court. If being thus cited, they neverthelefs refufe to appear, but fuf
fer themfelves to continue under Excommunication; they, are declared
publickly to be excommunicated in all thofe Churches and Places in which
they have been cited, and all are commanded under, the. Penalty of Ex
communication, to avoid them as excommunicated Perfons, and to dif
cover them to the Inquifition, if they know where they have concealed
themfelves. Thus the Council of, Thouloufe hath decreed. And if they
find any Hereticks, their Believers, Favourers, and Receivers, or Abettors; ki
I

272, The Hiftory of /^.IiN.QUISITIO N.
let them take due Care that they don't efcape, and be fare to difcover . them
to the Archbipop, orBipop, or Lords. of the Places, or their Bailiff's, with
all Speed, that they may, receive their dye, Punipment.

CHAP: XX.
How the P r o c ess is ended in the I n qjj i s i t i o n.' -;
AF T ER the Procefs isthus befeun' and carried on, it remains that
we now explain how it is firiifhed.
When all the Defences are exhibited, the Criminal p'reffes to have his
Caufe difpatched. This may, arid muft; be done either by the imprifon
ed Criminal himfelf, or by his Procurator or Advocate, £nd that either
by fpeaking, or by prefenting a fhort Petition. h.. j
After this the Judges, with their Affeffors and Counfellors, having ex
amined the Proofs, fhall confider, and fhall proceed according to the Me
rits of the Caufes to pafs Sentences, or to * Interlocutories, and abfolve
the Innocent, and leave the- Obftinate to the Secular Judge, and condemn
fuch as are fufpected, according to the Nature of their Crimes, Perfons, and
Proofs, either tothe Queftion, or Abjurations, or Purgation, or Imprifon
ment, or Banifhment, or to a Fine ; or fhall enjoin them to purge and
redeem their Fault by Faftings, Prayers, and Alms.
The Judges muft alfo be very careful, generally to interrogate the
Criminals concerning their Accomplices, and of all others from whom
they have, learnt Herefies, and who they know to be/ or to have been
Hereticks. And if they difcover any Thing of thefe Mafters, it muft be
written down in the Books of the Inquifition.
'Tis farther provided, in a certain Chapter ofthe third Inftruction, that
all the Inquifitors of Spain fhall obferve the fame Order in proceeding
againft Hereticks and fufpected Perfons; and as this had not been ufual,
we .drew up, fays- Simancas,, eighty Heads, by which the Form of Pro
ceeding might be always uniform andconfiftent with itfelf, which Heads

* Interhcutio is not a definitive Sentence, but the Determination of fome ibaHer Matter in
Caufe, till the.principal- Caufe is fully difcuffed. are

r^'Hiftory -\bf the I N QUI S JT I O N.Y 273
are to be obferved by 'all Inquifitors, according as tis ordered by the ge
neral Edict of the Inquifitor, printed in the Year 150 1. ¦<
b Finally, There are feveral Heads of Inftruction which provide, that
thefe Caufes. fhall be carried on with as much Brevity as poffible, and
not be deferred or fufpeiided thro'' any Expectation of future Proofs, be
caufe probably there may 'never happen any fiich, and in the meanwhile
the Criminal will be opprefled, andgbis Effects be diffipated and wafted.
-«* For which Reafons this one Thing is to be corifider'd and avoided,
tho' many Inquifitors have Often practifed it, W#J 'the. deferring and fuf*
pend^gitiie: Caufes- of : many Perfons which have- been a long.while con
cluded,; that they may punifli. feveral Criminals together. The Confe-
quence of this is, that Jiich- Criminals, who have frilly confeffed their
Errors, are made unrighteoufly to fuffer the Punifhment of remaining in
Prifon, and of pining away thro' Naftinefs, Infection, and long Con
finement; and which is much more grievous and dangerous, it occafions
them to retract the Confeffions theyhave rigbtly made, and never to
think- Of .them, and fometimes. to defoair and die. I 'Tis therefore much
mofe agreeable to Piety and Mercy;: immediately to reconcile fiich to the'
Church,;, who have made a full Confeffion, which may be done with So
lemnity enough upon fome Holiday within the. Church, unlefs there be
fome juft Reafon to the contrary.
or When the OpmionsTof the Counfellors are heard, ' and the Sentence
given, the Criminal is Amnion ed- to. come and hear his -Sentence./: 'Tis
not cfetermined by anyipflrticular Law by what Officer he is to be cited,'
and therefore the Cuftom of each Inquifition is to be obferved. . With
out fuch Citation there can be no Sentence. This Pegna gives us a large
Account of irx his. Notes upon the- Light ofthe Inquifitors. a
" The judiciary Method *is- to be folly obferved in' almoft all Caufes,
".Otherwife the Procefs is.rendered void. Brit this is particular in the
c'. Caufes of heretical Pravity, that in order to their being more quickly
"¦ difpatched,, and that fuch heinous Offences may be more fpeedily pu-
" nifhed, the.fbll judiciaty: Method need not be obferved. So that they
V proceed herein fimply, and plainly, arid i without the Noife and Appear-
" ance of 'Judgment. i<Neither "isi there any room here for the Contefta-
". tion of the Suit, which confifts in debating on the principal Matter
" on one»'Side and the other before the Judge, and the putting in An-
" fwers either by denying or confefling. N n « But

274 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
" But if any Thing be omitted, which is effential to fuch Trials, fuch
" as the Citation, the Term, and the receiving the Witneffes after Cita-
" tion, and if the Sentences be not given in Writing, in proper Place and
" Time, with the ufual Solemnities, all is void. And this is true alfo in
" the Crime of Herefy ; for by omitting any Acts which are effential,
«' the Procefs even in Caufes of the Faith would be deftroyed. .
Simancas hath given us a brief Account of the Manner of pronouncing
Sentences, which I fhall here infert, becaufe it fully reprefents to us the
Method which is ufually obferved in thefe Cafes.
"All the Judges are obliged to read "the Sentences out of a little Book
"or Brief, and muft do it themfelves, and not by others, unlefs they are
« illuftrious Perfons, or in fome Poft of great Dignity. And therefore,
" when the Inquifitors have a Caufe before them of more than ordinary
" Confequence, they may pronounce Sentence by others, which muft be
" done before the Clergy and People, for Inftruction, Warning, and
" Terror. And this was formerly the Cuftom in Spain.
" The Form of a Sentence of Condemnation, is this : Firft the Na-
" ture of the Doctrine or Opinions afferted by the Criminal himfelf, is
" declared ; after this the diligent Enquiry that hath been made into his
" Crimes, the Citations, Admonitions, Confeffions, legal Proofs, the
" Times given for Repentance, his Mind hardened in his Errors, hisob-
" ftinate perfifting in them, and all other Things, which may tend to
" fhew that the Procefs which hath been carried on and obferved againft
" him hath been juft, are enumerated. All which Particulars being laid
" down in their Order, then follows the Sentence itfelf, formed as the
" Nature rof the Crime requires, according to the Ecclefiaftical Rules,
" containing the Condemnation of the Opinions, Authors, Books, and
" other Matters. ,f'-
" Befides, in the Sentence of Condemnation, the Time muft be de-
44 clared from, which the Criminal fell into Herefy, that by a bare In-
" fpection the Judge of the forfeited Effects may know from what Day
" his Effects are to be confifcated, which is provided by a certain Let-
" ter of the Inquifitor-General, for this Reafon, that there may be no
" Need of looking over the whole Procefs on this Account, in which
" there are feveral Things which ought to be kept fecret. It is alfopro-
*' vided by another Letter of the Senate, that when the Judges and the
M Learned are deliberating about the Sentence to be pronunced, they
" fhall fix the Time of the Herefy. This Letter is printed amongft the
*' Inftructions, and dated from Granada, Anno 1499. " The

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 275-
" The Sentence, by which Perfons lapfed into Herefy, are re-incorpo-
" rated into the Church, is in this Form. They are declared to have
" been Hereticks or Apoftates, and to have incurred the Penalties efta-
" blifhed by Law. But in as much as they fay they will return to the
" Church, with a pure Heart, and Faith unfeigned, the Judges abfolve
" them from Excommunication, and reconcile them to the Church, if it
" be true what they fay, that they are unfeignedly,and truly converted.
" But in a Sentence of Condemnation the Criminal muft be declared
" an obftinate Heretick, and his Effects be confifcated, and his Opinions
" and Writings muft be condemned and anathematifed, and he muft be
" moreover deprived of all Ecclefiaftical Titles, Publick Offices, and
" Honours whatfoever, and finally be deliver'd over to the Secular Court,
" to receive his due Punifhment.
" But if any one, after Sentence of Reconciliation, fhall be convicted
" of having concealed any Herefies or Hereticks, or to have boafted that
" he was innocent, and unjuftly condemned, he muft be examined again
" as an Impenitent ; nor will the Sentence by which he was reconciled
" to the Church, be of any Service to him, becaufe it appears by this
" very Thing, that it was pronounced upon a feigned Confeffion and pre-
" tended Converfion. Befides, if any new Proof arifes againft the Con-
" vert, his Caufe muft be tried over again, notwithftanding the Sentence.
" of Re-incorporation, or Abfolution, or Purgation, or Queftion pronoun-
" ced before in the fame Caufe.
" When the Inquifitors differ, and the Caufe is determined by the Se-
" nate of the Holy Inquifition, all muft fubfcribe to the Sentence, even
" they who were of the contrary or different Opinion. If there fhould
" happen to be in any Province three Inquifitors, and one agrees with
" the Bifhop or his Vicar, and the two others differ from them, the
" Caufe muft be remitted to the Senate. But if two agree with the or-
" dinary Judge, the Sentence muft be immediately pronounced, without
" any Mention made of the Difference about pronouncing fuch Sentence.
" All thefe Things are more fully contained in feveral Letters of the Se-
" nate. " It is alfo the Cuftom, when the Sentences againft Hereticks are
" publickly pronounced, to read thofe laft of all, by which the Obftinate
" and Impenitent are condemned; and after they have read over a fum-
ie mary Account of the Acts of the Procefs, to make a Paufe, and admo-
" nifh the Hereticks before all the People, that they would at length be
<( converted, becaufe as yet the Time of Mercy is not out. If they fay
N M 2 " they

27<5 The Hiftory of the IN QU I S 1 TION..
I' they will be converted, they are to be carried badk, to Prifon, and ad-
". mitted to Penance, if converted- But if they perfift in theiriObftina-
lc. cy and Impenitence, their Sentence muft be read j aftiro which they
% muft, be immediately feized on by the Secular Judge/ and being cori-
" dernned. to the Flames, be directly burnt. Lutherans, are dealt with in
" a different Manner, becaufe they are the worft, and the moft perni-
" cious of all Hereticks, and very feldom truly converted ;. on which Ac
counts they are treated with greater Severity. ,.,.„.'
;i lf In this Order the Sentences were pronounced in Spain againft He-i
" reticks defcendpg from Jews and Moors, becaufe they could hurt only
" them&lvps, or ithofe of the fame Race with therrifelves ; for during the
" Space of 800 Years, none of the noble or ancient Chriftians. were in-
" fected by them. But after that the pernicious Hereticks of our Time^
'5 are found to have infected not only ancient, but even fome noble Chrif-
" tians with their Impiety, they are. not admitted to be. reconciled .at the
" laft Moment when Sentence is to be pronouncedvbeeaufe. then they
" afk Pardon rather thro' Fear of immediate Death, than willingly and
V from the Heart; and being thusbut feigned Converts, may do a great
V deal pf Mifchief.

CHAP. XXI.
1 ' i
How the Proce.ss is ended by Abjolution.^ -'¦
HAVING faid thefe Things in general, it now remains, that we
diftinctly explain how every Procefs is; finifhed.
The firft Manner of ending a Procefs in Caufes ofthe Faith, is by-Ab-
folution, when the Criminal is not found guilty. And this may happen
two ways, either becaufe he was really found innocent, the Informers, and
Witneffes being- found guilty of Falfhood,- or befcaufe the Accufation a-
gainft him was not fully proved. . ¦ -'f '-'-
' If he is found innocent 'after the firftJManrier,x,efpleciany;iF'the "-Wit
neffes have retracted their Depofitions, then- he may be pronounced inno
cent. And in this Cafe, as Paramus tells us, the accufed Perfbri, whofe
Innbcerice appears, rides uppn< a Horfe, amidft the Applaufe of the Peo
ple, crowned 'with Lawref and Palrn-Branches,; after the Tanner1 Of a
Triumph. % If

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S 1 T ION. 277
If he is not found guilty, after the fecOrid Manner, becaufe he is not
convicted, neither by his. own Confeffion, nor the Evidence of Fact, nor
b-jh the legal1 producing of Witneffes, and is not otherwife found to be
fufpected, nor publickly defamed for the aforefaid Crime, he is abfolved
by the Bifhop and Inquifitor together, or by either of them feparafely.
For that the Prifoner cannot be condemned in fuch a Cafe, is exprefly
determined by the Council of Biterre.
In fuch a Sentence of Abfolution, there is no Mention made of the
Herefies or Crimes, for- which fuch Perfon is accufed or informed againft,
becaufe they are not proved. This hath been provided for by the Madrid
Inftruction, Anno 156 i.e. 62. whether it be pronounced upon a Perfon
dead or alive. - When he who defends the Memory and Reputation of a
Perfon deceafed, hath legally maintained his Caufe, and the deceafed Per~
jon is to be abfolved from any farther Trial, his Sentence ffall be pronounced
in the Publick Ac~t, becaufe the EdiBs were publiped againfi him. How-
ever^ in- this daft, fhe S"tatue offuch deceafed Perfon who is abfolved in
t-ke Publick AB, jhall not be brought forth, nor Jhall the particular Errors
of which he was accuftdfie recited, lecaufe they are not proved. The fame
mufi be obferved with refpeB to thofe, who are perfonally apprehended and
accufed, and abfolved frmn farther Trial, if they pall demand it.
Not that they are Wont to pronounce fuch Criminal free-irorii Herefy,
hot only to declare that nothing is legally1 done againft him, on Account
of which he may, or ought to be pronounced ah Heretick, or any ways
be fufpected of heretical Pravity ; and that therefore he is wholly releafed
from his prefent Trial, Inquifition, and Judgment. But they carefully
avoid" putting into his Sentence that1 he was innocent, or not guilty, that
if fo be he-fhould after-wards be informed 'aga-inftj- and the'Crime legally
proved, he may be condemned notwithftanding the aforefaid Sentence of
Abfolution. But if it fhould happen that any one is pronounced wholly
innocent, and is afterwards accufed of the fame Crime, their Doctrine
is, that notwithftanding his Sentence of Abfolution, he may be again
judged and condemned ; becaufe, in this Grime no Sentences whatfoever
can ever be accounted as ari adjudged Cafe, in Favour of the Faith. "
•- . .:. '.iX ¦ . . '. .-.;
Hew the Frocejs'c/' a Perfin defamed for Herefy is ended by Canonical
'. ' Purgation.
-When the Perfori accufed is only found to be defamed for Herefy, in
any Village, City, or Province, and is not convicted either by his own
Confeffion,

278 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
Confeffion, or the Evidence of the Fact, or by the legal producing of
Witneffes, or any other legal Proofs, and Infamy only is precifely againft
him, he is not abfolved, but he is enjoined Canonical Purgation by the
Bifhop and Inquifitor, and not feparately.
There is frequent Mention made of Canonical Purgation, in the Papal
Law, and tho' in all other Crimes, 'tis grown into Difufe, yet in the
Crime of Herefy tis now practifed, and is very common in the Sacred
Court of the Inquifitors. For which Reafon Godofred praifes Spain in
thefe Words : " Perfons fufpected of Herefy, are punifhed in the moft
<c religious Kingdom of Spain, triumphing efpecially in thefe Times,
" and worthy of fingular Praife, becaufe it fuffers not only no real He-
" refy, but even no Sufpicion of Herefy to remain even a Moment with-
<c out a fuitable Cenfure."
In the Caufe of Canonical Purgation, they proceed according to this
Manner and Cuftom. The Inquifitors, Bifhop, or his Vicar and Affeffors,
or the learned Council meet together, and after difeuffing the Proofs, con
demn the Criminal to purge himfelf by certain Witneffes. The Nunv
ber of thefe Witneffes is arbitrary, and not precifely determined. Some
times two Abbots were deputed. Sometimes there have been fourteen
Compurgators. In one Place there are twelve named, and in the
Chapter Ex tuarum, feven or five are prefcribed. The Judge is to
confider the Nature of the Perfon, Crime and Infamy, and then to or
der the Number of the Compurgators to be greater or lefs. For as to
Perfons of greater Power, or of more Note, or who labour under greater
Infamy, more are required, than from other mean and unknown Per
fons, who can't fo eafily procure a large Number of Compurgators, to
purge themfelves, becaufe all Compurgators muft come in voluntarily,
and can't be compelled as other Witneffes. But yet ordinarily the Num
ber is determined, that every Criminal fhall purge himfelf with about
feven Witneffes, with this Addition, that if he fails in one, two, three,
or more, he fhall be looked on as fully convicted of the Crime.
Formerly, he who- was defective in only one Expurgator, was con
demned as a Convict, becaufe he was not purged by all. But when that
was found to be very dangerous, and as it might be faid that he was
purged by all who was purged by the greater Part, it was. agreed on,.
that at the fame time when the Number of Purgators were agreed on,
it fhould be determined, that if any one failed either of one, two, or
three, or more of them, he fhould be efteem'd as an Heretick Conyict.
For both thefe Things are entirely at the Pleafure of the Judge. Thefe

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 279
Thefe Witneffes muft be of the fame Order as the accufed or defamed
Perfon himfelf, i. e. if he be a Religious, they muft be Religious ; if of
the Secular Clergy, they muft be of the Secular Clergy ; if a Soldier,
they muft be Soldiers. But here they take the Word Order in general,
but don't extend it to any particular Divifions under it. So that if a
Bifhop is to be purged, Abbots and religious Prefbyters may be admitted
with Bifhops in the Purgation. And fo in the others. But if fuch Com
purgators are not to be found, there muft be chofen fome other good-
Men, Citizens or others. The Compurgators muft be Catholick Men,
of an approved Life and good Reputation, who have not only been ac
quainted with his prefent, but with his former Converfation and Life,
and who probably will not conceal the Truth, or fay a Falfhood, thro'
Affection, Hatred, Fear, Money, or Entreaty. This Sentence is to be
declared to the Criminal, who may appeal from it, and after his Appeal
the Caufe muft be referred to the Council, except the Appeal appears to
be frivolous. In fuch a Cafe the Inquifitors muft not allow it, as it is in
general appointed by Clement IV, and in particular by a certain Letter of
the Council of the Holy Inquifition.
If there be no Appeal from the Sentence, or if the Sentence be con
firm'd after the Appeal, or if it be rejected as frivolous by the Inquifi
tors, the Criminal, in order to purge himfelf, muft name fo many good
Men, for expurgatory Witneffes, as are mentioned in the Sentence of the
Inquifitors. Thefe Witneffes muft be feparately cited before the Inqui
fitors, and afked thefe three Things, i. Whether they know the Crimi
nal, and how long r 2. Whether the Criminal, or his Relations, or
Kindred, have given and promifed any Thing to them the faid Wit
neffes, that they fhould favour the Criminal ? 3. Whether they have
offered themfelves to purge the Criminal ? After this, they are all called
to the Place where the Inquifitors give Audience, and the Criminal is
brought to the Tribunal, and interrogated by the Inquifitors, Whether
he knows thofe Men, and whether they are the Perfons which he hath
named for his expurgatory Witneffes ? He ufually anfwers, that he
knows them, and that they are the fame which he nominated. Thefe
Things are done before the Inquifitors only, and a Secretary or Notary,
who commits every Thing to Writing ; nor muft any one be permitted
to be prefent at this Purgation, no, not the Vicar, of the ordinary Bifhop,
as is contained in a certain Letter of the Council of the Inquifition.
However, the Ordinary, or his Vicar muft not be excluded when the
Sentence of Purgation is given. Then the Inquifitor turns himfelf to
the

i8q The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N,.
the Expurgators, and fpeaks to them in this Manner. Knots? ye, Bre
thren, that the Criminal^, is accufed and fufpeBed of this and that Crime,
on which account he is obliged to purge himfelf from this Sufpicion, and you
are named as Witneffes of his Innocence. And you N. anfwer by God and
the Holy Gofpels, whether thou baft committed thofe, Crimes $ Having thus
been fworn upon the Crofs and the Holy Gofpels of God, to declare the
Truth, the Inquifitors fay to him, Thou N. baft been accufed offuch and
fiich a Crime, fpecifying thofe Crimes only which favour of Herefy, of
which thou art vehemently fufpeBed upon Confideration of the Merits ofthe
Procefs, and therefore we demand of you, upn- the Oath 'you have, taken-,
whether you have committed, or done, or believed thefe Crimes, or any om
of them ? And when he hath given his Anfwer in the Prefence of his
Compurgators,' he is; carried back to Prifon. Then the Inquifitor' inter
rogates the "Purgators, Whether they have rightly underftood all thefe
Things ? Who anfwer, that they have. After this the Witneffes with
draw, and being each feparately called in, the Inquifitor demands of them,
upon a folemn Oath, Whether they believe N. hath fworn true or falfe?
Arid whatever they anfwer, muft be faithfully written down by the No-*
tary. All thefe Matters are almoft to a Word contained in one of the
Seville Inftructions, Anno. 1500. cap. 4. Formerly 'alfo,.. if a Perfon was
publickly defamed for Herefy, he was enjoined Canonical Purgation pub-i
lickly, that he might publickly fatisfy thofe by Purgation, whom hi
had publickly offended by the ungrateful Smell of Infamy, and he was
therefore purged in that Place where he was known to be defamed. And
if he had been defamed in fevpral Places, he was obliged publickly to
profefs in all of them the Catholick Faith, and tp deteft the Herefy for
which he was there, defafned. The Form of the Oath, by which de
famed Perfons were formerly obliged to purge-; themfelves, was prefcribed
by the Council of Tarracone. I N.Jwear-hy Almighty God; and by thefe
Holy Gofpels of God, which are npw in my Hands ? before you the, Lord NJ
Archbifhop, or Bffop, and before you who are, prefent, that I. neither ant\
nor was, one of the Inzabbatati, Valdenfes, poor Men :of-, Lyons, nor an
Heretick of any SeB: of Herejy condemned by file Cj:urch,' and that I do not
believe, nor ever have believed their Errors, nor ever] will, -thee whole
Time of my Life. Tea, I profefs, and prqtefi that I -do, and always will,
for the J'uture, believe the Catholick Faith, -which* the [Holy-, Roman and
Apoftolick Church publickly holds, teaches, and. preaches, dnd which you,
my Lord Archbipop, or Bipop,: and. the other Prelates ofthe Univerfal
Church, do hold, and , publickly preach and teach. The, Form of the Oath;
prefcribed

The Hiftory 0///^ INQUISITION. 281
pfefcribed to the Compurgators, is this : f N. fwear by God, and by thefe
four Holy Gofpels of God, which I hold in my Hands, that I firmly be
lieve, that fuch a one bath not been one of the Inzabbatati, Valdenfes, or
poor Men of Lyons, nor an Heretick, nor a Believer of their Errors ; and
I firmly believe, that in this Matter he hath fworn the Truth. Having
performed the Purgation enjoined hirii, the Criminal muft be abfolved,
and declared to be a Perfon of good Reputation, nor can he be after
wards proceeded againft upon the preceding' Proofs. And thus the In
famy is removed, or the Effect of the Infamy' of the Fact.
If he fails in his Purgation, i.e. if he can't procure fuch and fo many
Purgers as he is enjoined, he is efteem'd as a Convict, and condemned
as an Heretick.
But others ufe this Diftinction. If he can't procure fo many Wit
neffes, becaufe they don't believe he hath fworn the Truth/ iri fuch i.
Cafe he is accounted as a Convict, and deficient in his Carioriical Pur*
gation. But if he can't procure them becaufe he is poor, or a Foreigner,
and fo doth not know fo many Perfons in the whole Town, in this Cafe
the Judge may relieve him at his Pleafure, upon confidering the Quality
of the Perfon, Crime, and Infamy. So that if he can't procure foma^
ny of the Clergy to be his Compurgators, they may admit Laicks, Or
Women for want of Men. And if for the fame Reafon they can't pro
cure fo many of the Laity, they may believe his Oath alone. And in ai
much as one who is defective in his Purgatiori, is accounted as" a Con
vict, they infer from hence, that if at any other Time he had fallen into
Herefy, he ought now to be accounted as a Relajpfe for the Defect of his
Purgation, and, as fuch, to be delivered oyer to the Secular Court. *
But if he refufes to purge himfelf he is excommunicated ;' and if with
an hardened Mind he lies under7 this Excorrimunication 'for a Year, he is
condemned as an Heretick. If after his Purgation he falls into the He
refy from which he is purged, he is accounted a Relapfe, and as fuch is
to be deliver'd over to the Secular Court.
•< An Infamy- is faid to be vehement, when any one hath been often
times:, or in many Places, marked1 with Infamy, amongft good Men, or
hath on thisaccbtint beeri excluded their Company, and when there
arife any Signs or Sufpicions encrcafing the Infamy of the Herefy, or if
gfter any grievous Offence committed, viz. the deftroying the Images of
the Saints, the burning of Churches, the Profanation of the Sacraments,
and the like, anyone is immediately looked upori' as infamous. But if
N°« 19. O o he

282 The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T ION. ^
he falls into any other Herefy,- from which had not purged himfelf be
fore, he is not accounted as a Relapfe. ;. ,.,... ~o -. L va-.
If he humbles himfelf in his Purgation, and -will fubmit to -Penance,,
he is. to be admitted, and not deliver 'd ovetvtp the Secular Jpourt, unlets^
he happens to be a Relapfe ; for if a convicted Heretick is received when*
penitent, much more is this Benefit of the Church to be granted to him
who is convicted only by a kind of Prefumption and feigned Proof.
'Tis a Cuftom amongft many Inquifitors, that a Criminal vehemently
fufpected fhall be firft tortured, and afterwards forced to purge himfelf if
he confeffes nothing. After this, when he is purged, he- is obliged alfo
to abjure, and' after his Abjuration puniflied with other arbitrary Punifh-;
ments. But others think it very unjuft, that any one fhould be condemn
ed to feveral Punifhments for a fingle Crime ; and in as much as every
one of thefe Punifhments is fufficient to purge away any Sufpicions, 'tis,
without doubtj needlefs and unjuft, that a fufpected Criminal fhould be
made tp undergo many. A. ,¦[.-.
But- as this Purgation depends wholly on the Pleafure of other Perfons,
it is a very deceitful and uncertain Thing, and therefore fhould not eafi
ly be enjoined Criminals by the Inquifitors. Thus the Madrid Inftrup,
tion, ^HTzo 156 1. cap. 47. Canonical Purgation is,- thro* the Wickednefs -of
Men, a very dangerous Remedy, efpecially in thefe Times, and therefore 'tis
not much ufed, and muff therefore be feldom praBifed, and with great
Caution. .'Hence Simancas judges, that thofe who are born of Jewip,
or Moorip Parents, muft not be compelled to this Purgation, becaufe
it would be the fame Thing as to throw them directly, into the Fire.
For who doth not think ill of them,, or at leaft doubt of their Inno
cence-? Arid, therefore he thinks it would be better to --compel themiby
Abjuration, Torments,„or arbitrary ?;Punifhrrients. ¦ But. if they are as
any time condemned to this Purgation, and they can't procure fuch
Compurgators as are required, others are to be admitted, tho' not alto^
gether fo fit, that he may not be wholly deprived of the Means of bis.
Defence. And finally, he. again and again admpnifhes, ,, the Inquifitors
not rafhly or eafily to- Condemn any ope to Canonical Purgatio%,for this
Reafon, amongft others, that 'tis enough to fink the Criminal, if the
Witneffes anfwer, that they don't knowv or doubt,, whether he fwore
true or falfe. And,, indeed^ who would not be doubtful in this Cafe,
who knows that no. one is .condemned to Purgation,, who is not vehe
mently fufpected? And therefore, in .his Opinion, they only are to be
, , enjoined

TheHiftchy ofthe INQUISITION. 28 $>
enjoined Purgation, whofe Reputation is 'of high Concern to the Chriftian
People, viz. Bifhops, Priefts, Preachers, and others of the fame Kind.
How ffoPRocfiss" is ended by Torture.
When the Perfon accufed is not found guilty, either by his own Con
feffion, or the Evidence of the Fact, or legally producing the Witneffes,
and when there is no fuch Evidence to fupport the Sufpicion, as is ne
ceffary to his being condemned to abjure Herefy, he is condemned by
an interlocutory Sentence to the Queftion and Torture, that if he con
feffes nothing when interrogated by Torture, he may be efteemed as free
and innocent, ' and that if he confeffes his Errors, he may be converted
and live. For the fame End, fays Simancas, Paul delivered the Corinthian
to Satan for the DefiruBion of his Flefh, that his Spirit might be faved.
The Cafes, in whichthey proceed to the Torture in the Procefs of the
Inquifition/ are various. This, however, is a received Thing, that they
are never to. proceed to Torture, unlefs there be a Defect of other Proofs,
artd "they think that the Truth can't otherwife be found out. Hence
they do not proceed to the Torture, till after the Criminal hath a Copy
of his Procefs, and he hath anfwered to all the Articles, and exhibited
his Defences,, and yet can't make his Innocence appear plainly to the
Judge, when at the fame time he cant be fully convicted by Witneffes,
or the Evidence of the Thing.
He adds farther, that a Copy of the Proofs is not to be given, when
the Criminal, is found contradicting himfelf, faultering, or trembling. For
fiich Contradiction, Faultering, or Trembling, when other external Proofs
are wan ting,', may determine the Judge to proceed to Torture upon any
one of them. ' But Others iky,, that every Variation is not enough to or
der to the Torture.- Bernard Comenfis writes to the fame Purpofe.
tclIn the Crime of Herefy the Judge or Inquifitor proceeds merely by
" Virtue of his Office, becaufe he doth not proceed upon the Accufa-
"" tion of -an' Accufer, bur upon Depofitions taken by Virtue of his Of-
"-'fice, and therefore 'tis not rieceflarythat he' fliould deliver the Criminal.
" -a Copy of the'Prbofs and Articles.- - But Pegna teaches the contrary in
" his Annotations upon- the Words, Trader e CopiamP
If the Perfon to beJpu.t to the Queftion, is caught contradicting him
felf, and there are at the fame time ¦other Proofs" fufficient for the Tor
ture, both thefe Things muff be added -in bis' Sentenced •> But if both of
them don't concur, but only one of them, /. e.: li he is caught in Con-
n'J O o 2 tradiction

aS> The Hiftory of the IN QU I S I T I O Ne
tradiction without other Proofs, or if there are other Proofs* but no fiich
Inconfiftency, let it be put in his Sentence juft as it appears.
'Tis farther to be obferved, that the Judge muft take Care that it be
diligently and diftinctly inferted at large by the Notary in the Ads, whe
ther the Perfon interrogated anfwered with Resolution, or in a trembling
Manner, what, Signs he. difcovered in his Face, whether Pal^nefr,.* or
Tears, or Laughter, or Sweat, or Trembling; becaufe, in Cafe of an
Appeal,, the fuperior Judge, who can't look on the Criminals and Wit,
neffes perfonally, but only as they are defcribed in Writing^, can't come
to the Knowledge of thefe; Particulars, unlefs they are defcribed at large
by the firft Judge ; nor can the Judge appealed to prefume that there
hath been any Incorififtency, becaufe he knew, that if there had, it ought
to have been expreffed in the Acts tranfmitfed to him. Aiid this is the
more neceffary, left the Judge himfelf, upon Examination, fhould be
proved to have ordered the Criminal to betortured without Proof This
Inconfiftency muft be declared in Prefence of the inconfiftent Witnefs,
when tbe Judge intends tp: punifh him on this Account. . , .,
And this is what Campegius particularly recommends to the Vicars or
Cpmrniffaries of the Inquifitor, or the other Deputies of the Holy Of
fices, that they let the Inquifitor know how far Perfons, under Examina-,
tion, are to be credited, which principally depends on their Looks. He
thinks the fame ought to be diligently obferved, whether the Inquifitet
himfelf, or his Vicar, 'makes the Examinatipn, with refpect to thofe
fkilful Perfons, whofe Advice they take, who alfo ought to know thefe
Things. ¦
But it depends wholly on the Pleafure of the Judge, whether pr no
the Perfon: accufed fhall be tortured or not, upon Account of fuch In
confiftency, Faultering, Contradiction, Trembling, Sweat,©3*;.'
If there are, Proofs fufficient for Inquifition and Arreft, but not for
the Torture, a prudent Judge may collect fufficient Proofs for the Tor
ture from fuch Inconfiftency, and the like.
But yet there is a Cafe given, in which a Perfon may be tortured, with
out any Proofs and Copy given, viz. when the Perfon under Inquifition
is prefent, and will, not anfwer. For then he is to be tortured, not to
extort a Confeffion, but an affirmative or negative. Anfwer. Likewife, if
a Perfon under Inquifition doth not appear witbin the due Term, and is
thereupon declared guilty of Contumacy, and afterwards comes to purge
himfelf from fuch Contumacy, he may, without any other Proofs, be
tortured upon account of it. When

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 285-
When the Fame is either vehement, or great, or flight, the Quality of
the Perfons and Fact is to be confidered. For if the Fact be great, and
the Perfon of great Worth, 'tis neceflary that this Fame fhould be either
of the whole City, or at leaft the greater Part of it. But if the Fact is
inconfiderahle, and reftrained to a certain Number of Perfons, who moft
probably are acquainted with it, the Evidence of the major Part of them
is enough to prove the Fame. As if a Bifhop, living with his Canons,
fhould be defamed for Fornication, fuch Infamy will be fufficiently proved
by the major Part of thofe Canons. But if the Fact be very fmall, and:
the Perfon mean, the major Part of his Neighbourhood is enough.
Of all thefe Things Pegna gives us a diftinct Account. In this Caufe,,
the Crime is faid to appear fo far as to inflict the Torture, when there is
an half full Proof, or Proof fufficient for the Torture. Of thefe Proofs
there are feveral. Firft, Inconfiftency, not indeed of any kind, but fuch.
only as regards the main Subftance of the Crime, and in a Matter which
it can't be prefumed fhould be forgotten in fo little a while, which is left
to the Judge to determine ; and when the Criminal himfelf doth not ap-,
pear to be very ftupid and forgetful. Secondly, When any one is found.
defamed for Herefy, and tis farther proved that there is a Witnefs a-
gainft him who can teftify from his own Knowledge, or that there is
one or more vehement or violent Proofs. Thirdly, If there is one. Wit
nefs againft him who can teftify from his own Knowledge, and at thO
fame Time there is one or more vehement or violent Proofs againft him:
Or if it be found that there are againft him feveral vehement or violent
Proofs of Herefy, without any Infamy, or Witnefs from his own Know
ledge. But when thefe Proofs are vehement, or, fufficient for the Tor
ture, is left to the Judge to determine.
However, the Inquifitors do fometimes fhamefully abufe this Liberty,
and rafhly proceed to the Torture of innocent Perfons, as will evidently
appear by one Inftance, not to mention more, given us by Gonfalvius.
" At the fame time almoft, they apprehended in the Inquifition at Se-
" ville, a noble Lady, Joan Bohorquia, the Wife of Francis Varquius, a
" very eminent Man, and Lord of Higuera, and Daughter of Peter
" Garfia Xerefius, a wealthy Citizen of Seville. The Occafion of her
"- Imprifonment was, that her Sifter, Mary Bohorquia, a young Lady of
" eminent Piety, who was afterwards burnt for her pious Confeffion,
w had declared in her Torture, that fhe had feveral times, converfed
" with her Sifter concerning her own Doctrine. When fhe was firft
^ imprifoned, fhe was about fix Months gone with Child, upon which
" Account

286 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
ei Account fhe was, not fo ftraitly confined, nor ufed with that Cruelty
" -which the Other Prifoners were treated with, out of Regard to the
u Infant fhe carried in her. Eight Days after her Delivery, they took
•« the Child from her, and on the fifteenth fhut her clofe up, and made
" her undergo the Fate of the other Prifoners, and began to manage
¦" her Caufe with their ufual Arts and Rigour. In fo dreadful a Calamity,
" fhe had only this Comfort, that a certain pious young Woman, who
" was afterwards burnt for her Religion by the Inquifitors, was allow-
" ed her for her Companion. This young Creature was, on a certain
" Day, carried out to her Torture, and being returned from it into her
« Prifon, fhe was fo fhaken, and had all her Limbs fo miferably dif-
" jointed, that when fhe lay upon her Bed of Rufhes, it rather encreafed
" her Mifery, than gave her Reft; fo that fhe could not turn herfelf
" without the moft exceffive Pain. In this Condition, as Bohorquia had
tC it not in her Power to fhew her any, or but very little, outward Kind-
" nefs, fhe endeavoured to comfort her Mind with great Tendernefs.
" The Girl had fcarce begun to recover from her Torture, when: Bohor-
" quia was carried out to the fame Exercife, and was tortured with fuch;
" diabolical Cruelty upon the Rack, that the Rope pierced and cut in-'
" to the very Bones of her Arms, Thighs, and Legs ; and in this Man-
" ner fhe was brought back to Prifon, juft ready to expire, the Blood
" immediately running out of her Mouth in great Plenty. Undoubted-
" ly, they had burft her Bowels, infomuch that the eighth Day after
" her Torture fhe died. And when, after all, they could not procure
" fufficient Evidence to condemn her, tho' fought after and procured
" by all their Inquifitorial Arts, yet as the accufed Perfon was born in
" that Place, where they were obliged to give fome Acc.unt of the Ai--
" fair to the People, and indeed could not by any Means diffemble it,
" in the firft Act of Triumph appointed after her Death, they com-
" manded her Sentence to be pronounced in thefe Words. Becaufe this
" Lady died in Prifon, without doubt fuppreffing the Caufes of it, and
" was found to be innocent upon infpecting and- diligently examining
" her Caufe, therefore the Holy Tribunal pronounces her free from any
" farther Procefs, doth reftore her- both as to her Innocence and Repu-
" tation; and commands all. her Effects whichfiad been confifcated, to
" be reftored to thofe to whom they of Right belonged, &c. And thus
" after they had murthered her by Torture with favage Cruelty, they
" pronounced her innocent." ; ¦ When1

. The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S 1 T I O N. 287
Wrhen the Sentence is pronounced by which the Criminal is condemned
to the Torture, according to the Manner of the Inquifitorial Law and
Proceffes, 'tis immediately to be notified to the Promoter of the Exche
quer, that he may either appeal from it, or demand the Execution of it,.
as it is contained in the Letters of the Inquifition.
Formerly the Torture was inflicted by Lay- Judges upon Hereticks, or
fufpected Perfons, according to the Conftitution of Innocent IV. But be
caufe by this Means fecret Matters were oftentimes divulged, and great
Inconveniences to the Faith arofe from hence, they afterwards thought
it more convenient and wholefome, that the whole Cognifance and full
Difcuffion of thefe Crimes, which are merely Ecclefiaftical, fhould be
confined to the Inquifitors. And as this could not oftentimes be done
without the Queftion, 'twas therefore provided, that the Inquifitors and
Bifhops might torture Criminals for thefe Offences. And upon this Ac
count they had this Privilege granted them, that if at any time they
fhould happen to contract any Irregularity, they fhould mutually difpenfe
with each other. As appears from the Refcript oi Urban IV. And this
is the Law now in Practice.
Skilful Judges ufually enter a Proteft in the Acts of the Procefs, that
they intend to carry on the Torture fome other Day, that they may be
able to repeat it. But Roy as fays, fome Criminals are fo crafty, that he
hath often actually feen them immediately confefs their Fault, when
put to the Torture, and after twenty-four Hours retract their Confeffion*
when they fhould confirm it, and when tortured again confefs again, and
retract again, and repeat the fame as often as they are tortured. In
which Cafe, to prevent the Procefs from being never finifhed, he thinks
they are to be puniflied with a very grievous arbitrary Penalty, becaufe
of "fo many Variations, which occafion Proofs and bad Prefumptions.
For by the fame Reafon any one may be tortured again, he may be pu
nifhed in an extraordinary Manner.
If he doth not perfift in his firft Confeffion,. and is not fufficiently tor
tured, he may be put to the Torture again, not by way of Repetition,
but. Continuation of it ; but they do not agree how often it may be no
peated, when the Confeffion extorted by it is retracted. Some affirm.
it may by repeated once only, others, that it may be often. Eymerick's
Opinion is, that a Perfon fufficiently tortured, ought to be difmiffed free
ly, if he retracts what he confefled by Torture. But Simancas fays, that
a. Criminal muft not be condemned for a Confeffion drawn out by Tor
ture, unlefs he afterwards perfever.es in it. 'Tis the fame, in Law, if it
be

288 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
be extorted by Fear, or Dread of impending Torments. The Confef-
fion is then faid to be extorted thro' Fear of Torments, wheri the Cri-
mirial is carried to the Place in which the Torture is inflicted, and there
ftript of his Clothes, or bound, or fo terrified by the Judge, as that he
hath great Reafon to believe the Torture will be inflicted : For 'tis not
enough if the Judge frightens him but flightly in any other Place, unlefs
it be fuch a Fear as may affect a Perfon of Refolution. Hence the Light-
cf the Inquifitors fays, " Altho' the Judge fays to the Criminal, when
'¦" he is out of the Place of Torture, either confefs, or I will order you
" to the Torture, frightening him by this Means as much as lie can,
*' upon hearing of which he makes his Confeffion, in fuch a Cafe the
" Confeffion is not faid to be made thro' Fear of Torments, becaufe the
« Terror itfelf is but flight."
But if he perfifts in his Confeffion, owns his Fault, and afks Pardon
of the Church, he is condemned as guilty of Herefy by his own Con
feffion, but as penitent. But if he obftinately perfifts in Herefy, he is
condemned, and delivered over to the Secular Arm to be punifhed with
Death. If the accufed Perfon is forced to have fallen into Herefy, or
there is otherwife Evidence proved againft him, upon account of which
-he is obliged to abjure, as lightly Pr vehemently fufpected of- Herefy, he
muft not be tortured on this Account ; but if befides this he denies fome
Things not fufficiently proved, and there be Proofs fufficient to put him
4o the Queftion, and he accordingly is tortured, but confeffes nothing,
he is not to be abfolved, but is to be proceeded againft according to the
Things proved, and muft be commanded to abjure either as fufpected, or
found guilty, as the Merits of the Procefs require. Or if he confeffes
4ny Thing by Torture, he muft be forced alfo to abjure it.

CHAP. XXII.
How the Process is ended againfi a Perfon fufpeBed of Herefy, at
alfo againfi one both fufpeBed and defamed.
WHEN a Perfon accufed of Herefy is found to be only flightly
fufpected of it, he is confidered either as fufpected publickly of
privately. If he is publickly fufpected, this was formerly the Manner of
his Abjuration. On. the preceding Lord's Day the Inquifitor proclaims* that

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION, 289
that on fuch a Day he will make a Sermon concerning the Faith, com
manding all to be prefent at it. When the Day comes, the Perfon to
abjure is brought to the Church, in which the Council hath determined
that he fhall make his Abjuration. There he is placed upon a Scaffold,
erected near the Altar, in the Midft of the People, and is not allowed
to fit, but ftands on it, that all may fee him, bare-headed, and with the
Keepers ftanding round him.' The Sermon being made on the Mafs, to
the People and Clergy there prefent, the Inquifitor fays publickly, that
the Perfon there placed on the Scaffold is fufpected, from fuch and fuch
Appearances and Actions, of the Herefy that hath been refuted in the
publick Sermon ; and that therefore 'tis fit that he fhould purge himfelf
from it, by abjuring it as one flightly fufpected. Having faid this, a
Book of the Gofpels is placed before him, on which laying his Hands,
he abjures his Herefy. In this Oath he not only fwears that he holds
that Faith which the Roman Church believes, but alfo, that he abjures
eveiy Herefy that extols itfelf againft the Holy Roman and Apoftolick
Church, and particularly the Herefy of which he was flightly fufpected,
naming that Herefy : And that if he fhall do any of the aforefaid Things
for the future, he willingly fubmits to the Penalties appointed by Law
to one who thus abjures, and is ready to undergo every Penance, as well
for the Things he hath faid and done, as for thofe concerning which he
is defervedly fufpected of Herefy, which they fhall lay on him, and that
with all his Power he will endeavour to fulfil it. After this Abjuration
the Inquifitor fays to him, Son, Thou haft purged away by this Abjura
tion the Sufpicion, which, not without Caufe, • we entertained of you.
Henceforth take heed to yourfelf, that you don't fall into this abjured He
refy ; for altho' if you repent, you would not be delivered over to the Se
cular Arm, becaufe you have abjured as one flightly fufpeBed only, and not
vehemently , yet you would be much more Jeverely puniped, than if you
had not abjured, and infiead of being flightly fufpeBed, would become ve
hemently fo, and made to abjure as juch. And if you fliould fall again,
you would fuffer the Pun ff ment due to relapfed Perfons, and be delivered
over, without Mercy, to the Secular Court, to be puniped with Death.
If he hath not been publickly fufpected, he abjures privately after the
fame Manner in the Epifcopal Palace, or Inquifitors Hall. 'Tis now
the Cuftom for flightly-fufpected Perfons to make all their Abjurations
in private, whether the Fact be publick or not. Afterwards, he is en-
join'd Penance for what he hath committed, and upon account of which
he was thus fufpected. P P If

ioo The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
If he is vehemently fufpected, he is placed in like Manner upon a
Scaffold, and after he hath taken his Oath upon the Gofpels, his Abju
ration is delivered him in Writing to read before all the People if he
can. If he can't read, the Notary, or fome Religious, or Clergyman,
reads it by Sentences, paufing between each till the other hath repeated
it after him, and fo on till the whole Abjuration is gone through. In
this Abjuration he fuhmits himfelf to the Punifhments due to Relapfes,
if he ever after falls into the Herefy he hath abjured. After the Abju
ration is made, the Bifhop admonifhes him, that if ever hereafter he
doth, or fays, any Thing by which it can be proved, that he hath fallen
into the Herefy he hath abjured, he will be delivered over to the Secu
lar Court without Mercy. Then he enjoins him Penance, and com
mands him to obferve it, adding this Threatening, that otherwife he
will become a Relapfe, and may, and ought to be judged as an Impe
nitent. However, fufpected Perfons, whether it be flightly or vehe-
, mently, are not condemned to wear Croffes, nor to perpetual Imprifon
ment, becaufe thefe are the Punifhments of penitent Hereticks ; though
fometimes they are ordered to wear for a while the Sambenito, according
to the Nature of their Offence. Ordinarily they are enjoin'd to ftand
on certain Holidays in the Gates of fuch and fuch Churches, holding a
burning Taper of fuch a Weight in their Hands, and to go a certain Pil
grimage ; fometimes alfo they are imprifoned for a while, and afterwards
difpofed of as is thought proper.
Gonj'alvius gives us fome Inftances of thefe Punifhments. There was
at Seville a certain poor Man, who" daily maintained himfelf and his
Family by the Sweat of his Brows. A certain Parfon detained his Wife
from him by Violence, neither the Inquifition, nor any other Tribunal,
punifhing this heinous Injury. As the poor Man was one Day talking-
about Purgatory with fome other Perfons, of his own Circumftances, he
happened to fay, rather out of ruitick: Simplicity, than any certain. De
fign, that he truly had enough of Purgatory already, by the rafcally Par
fon's violently detaining from him his Wife. This Speech was reported
to the good Parfon, and gave him an Handle to double the poor Man's-
... Injury, by accufing him to. the Inquifitors, as having a falfe Opinion
concerning Purgatory. And this the Holy Tribunal thought more wor
thy of Punifhment than the Parfon's Wickednefs. The poor Wretch was
taken up for this trifling Speech, kept in the Inquifitors Prifon for two-
whole Years, and at length being brought in Prpceffion, was condemn
ed to wear die Sambenito for thr.ee Years in a private Prifon ; and when they

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION.. " 291
they were expired, to be difmiffed, or kept longer in Prifon, as the Lords
Inquifitors fhould think fit. Neither did they fpare the poor Creature
any thing of his little Subftance, tho' they did his Wife to the Parfon,
but adjudged all the Remains of what he had after his long Imprifon
ment to the Exchequer of the Inquifition.
' In the fame Proceflion there was alfo brought forth a reputable Citi
zen oi Seville, as being fufpected of Lutheranifm, without his Cloak and
his Hat, and carrying a Wax Taper in his Hand, after having exhaufted
his Purfe of 100 Ducats towards the Expences of the Holy Tribunal,
and a Year's Imprifonment in the Prifon of the Inquifition, and having
abjured as one vehemently fufpected, only becaufe he was found to have
faid, that thofe immoderate Expences, (and on thefe Accounts the Spa
niards are prodigioufly extravagant) which were laid out in erecting thofe
large Paper or Linen Buildings, which the common People corruptly
call Monuments, to the Honour of Chrift now in Heaven upon Holy
Tl.nujday, and alfo thofe which were expended on the Feftival of Corpus
Chr.fti, would be more acceptable to God, if they were laid out upon
poor Perfons, or in placing out to good Perfons poor Orphan Girls. Two1
young Students were added to the Number in that Proceffion. One becaufe'.
he had written in his Pocket-Book fome Verfes made by a namelefs Au
thor, fo artificially, as that the fame Words might be interpreted fo as to
contain the higheft Commendation of, or Reflection upon, Luther. Up
on this Account only, after two Years Imprifonment, he was brought
forth in Proceffion, without his Hat and Cloak, carrying a Wax Taper,
after which he was banifhed for three Years from the whole County of
Seville, made to abjure as lightly fufpected, and punifhed with a Fine.
The other underwent the fame Cenfure, only for tranfcribing the Verfes
for their artful Compofition, excepting only that he commuted his Ba
nifhment for 100 Ducats towards the Expences of the Holy Tribunal;

CHAP. XXIII.
Tlje End of a Process where the Heretick confeffes.
IN Cafe the Prifoner acknowledge his Offence, and feem penitent,
he is not delivered over to the Secular Arm, but otherwife punifhed
as ihe Hfcinoufnefs of his Crime defefves ; and firft he is publickly to
< '•' Pp 2 abjure-

i92 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
abjure after this Manner. Before the Penitent is placed the Book of the
Gofpels; he falls on his Knees, puts his Hands on the Book, and if he
can, reads his Abjuration ; if he cannot, then a Clergyman reads, and
making a Paufe, the Perfon abjuring repeats what is read ; then the No
tary goes on, and the Abjurer always repeats his Words, with a loud
Voice, fo as to be heard by all, till the whole Abjuration is read over even
to the End.
Formerly, before Perfons violently fufpected of Herefy abjured, the
Bilhop or Inquifitor ufed thus to addrefs to him. My Son, we violently
fufpeB you of Herefy, upon account of thofe Things 'tis declared you have
committed, upon account of which you are by Law to be condemned as an
Heretick. Therefore confider and attend to what I fay to you. If you willjb
depart from the faid Herejy or Herefies, as to be willing now here publickly to
abjure them, and patiently to undergo the Penance which we enjoin you,
the Church and we, as the Vicars of Chrifi, will receive you to Mercy.
But we will enjoin you a Penance, which you may well bear, and abfolve
you from the Sentence of Excommunication, which you were under, that
you may be faved, and have Glory in the j'uture World. But if you
will not abjure, nor fubmit to Penance, we will immediately deliver you
to the Secular Arm, and fo you will deftroy together both Body and Soul.
Which therefore will you chufe, to abjure and be faved, or to refufe to
abjure and be damned ? If he fays, I will not abjure, and perfifts in
it, he is delivered over to the Secular Court ; as fhall be afterwards fhewn.
But if he fays that he will abjure, the Abjuration is made according to
the Forms prefcribed. But now the Bifhop ufes no fuch Difcourfe, but
before the Criminal is brought upon the Scaffold, all Methods are dili
gently made ufe of for his Converfion ; and if he be truly converted, he
will abjure without any fuch foregoing Admonition.
This Abjuration is enjoined all who return from Herefy, and even all
fufpected upon any Account of Herefy ; nor is any one, tho' otherwife
privileged, and of great Dignity, excepted. Even Boys of fourteen, and
Girls of twelve Years old, are compelled to it, according to the Decree
of the Council oi Thouloufe, An. 1229. Let all Perfons, as well Men as
Women-, the Males from fourteen Tears old and upwards, and the Females
from twelve, abjure every Herefy extolling itfelf againfi the Holy and Ca
tholick Church of Rome, and the Orthodox Faith, under whatfoever
Name it be ranked.
If the Criminal knows how to write, he muft fubfcribe his Abjura
tion ; if he doth not know how to write, or can't, the Inquifitor and
Notary

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 293
Notary muft fubfcribe for him. This is prefcribed by the Inquifitors
oi Spain, by the Madrid Inftruction, Anno 1561. Let the Abjura
tion which the Criminals make, be put at the End of the Sentence, and the
Pronunciation of it, which the Criminals pall fubfcribe, if they know how
to write, putting their Names to it ; but if they know not how to write,
then one qf the Inquifitors and the Notary Jhall fubfcribe for them.
When the Abjuration is made, becaufe every Fleretick is excommu
nicated, they are abfolved from Excommunication upon this Condition,
viz. if they return to the Unity of the Catholick Faith with a true
Heart and Faith unfeigned, and obferve the Commands enjoined them ;
which is exprefly added, that if they fhould not obferve them, it may
appear that they were not abfolved.
Thofe who commit heretical and apoftate Facts, muft be thus recon
ciled according to the Practice received in the Tribunal of the Inquifi
tion. If they voluntarily appear and fay, that they did not believe they
ought to do fo, but retained the Faith in their Hearts, then they abjure
as vehemently fufpected, and have other falutary Penances enjoined them.
If they fay that they both did fo, and believed that they ought to do fo,
then they abjure as formal Hereticks or Apoftates, and are more grie
voufly punifhed, efpecially if they have committed heretical or apoftate
Actions voluntarily, or without being compelled by Fear, or by a flight
Occafion of Fear. If they do not appear voluntarily, and yet confefs
heretical and apoftate Actions, but deny the evil Intention, then they
are to be tortured upon fuch Intention, that it may be known whe
ther they have really believed fo or not ; and if after the legal Torture
they perfift in the Negative, faying, they had no ill Intention, then they
likewife abjure as vehemently fufpected. As to thofe who have committed
fuch Things thro' grievous Fear, 'tis determined that 'tis likely they had
no evil Intention. But if they confefs the evil Intention or Error of the
Mind, then they are compelled to abjure as formal Hereticks or Apoftates,
upon their being willing to return to the Unity of the Church, and are
farther condemned as converted Hereticks to other Punifhments and Pe
nances, which we fhall hereafter defcribe. But in order to their being
more grievoufly or mildly punifhed, the Nature of that Fear they were
under is confidered, and the Circumftances of the Perfon offending ; as
whether he was a Youth or a Man, learned or unfkilful, one of the
Laity or Clergy, or Religious, and the like Things, which ufually leffen
or encreafe the Offences. There are alfo others who pronounce hereti cal

294 The Hiftory of the IiN QU I S I T I ON.
cal Words which have no Excufe, viz. in Jeft, or Anger, or mere Sim
plicity, on which Offenders the Inquifitors may lay pecuniary Mulcts.
As to fuch Facts in which there appears nothing 'of an Infidel Rite,
and which therefore only render a Perfon fufpected, 'but don't demon-
ftrate him to be an Heretick, no one is proceeded againft as an Here
tick, or Believer of Hereticks, upon account of them, but only as a fuf
pected Perfon ; becaufe fuch Facts are fometimes committed thro' car
nal Affection, fometimes thro' the Entreaties of Friends, fometimes alfo
thro' Corruption by Money.
The Form of Abjuration formerly ufed in the Inquifition of Thouloufe,
oftentimes occurs in the Book of Sentences. Herein they abjure every
Herefy extolling itfelf againfi the Catholick Faith of our Lord Jefus Chrift,
. and the Holy Roman Church, and all Belief of Hereticks of every con
demned SeB whatfoever, by whatfoever Names they are called, and all fa
vouring, receiving, and defending of them, and Communication with
them, under the. Punifhment due by Law to thofe who relapfe into the
Herefy they have judicially abjured. They moreover promife and
fwear, that they will pur fue, and reveal, and difcover Hereticks, and
their Believers, and Favourers, and Receivers, and Defenders, and who
fly, for Herefy, whenfoever and wherefoever they know them to be, or any
one of them ; and that they will obey and be obedient, that they will.
hold and keep, and defend the Catholick Faith of our Lord Jefus Chrift,
which the Holy Church of Rome preaches and obferves ; and that they will
obey and be obedient to the Commands of the Church, and the Inquifitors t
and their Succeffors, and that they will receive, and, according to their
Power, fulfill and perfeB the Penance enjoined them, and that they will
never fly nor abfent themfelves through Contumacy and Wilfulnefs. This
Form in another Place is a little alter'd.
In Ecclefiaftical Hiftory we find two remarkable Forms of Abjuration
prefcribed to certain famous Doctors by the Church of Rome. The one
is that of Berengarius, the other that of Jerom of Prague.
Berengarius abjured in thefe Words. i" Berengarius, an unworthy
Deacon of the Church of St. Maurice o/'Angiers, acknowledging the true
and Apoftolick Faith, do anathematife every Herejy, and particularly that
for which I have hitherto been defamed ; which endeavours to prove, that
the Bread and Wine placed upon the Altar are, after Confecration, only a
Sacrament, and not the true Body and Blood of our Lord Jefus Chrift,
and cannot be fenfibly, but only facramentally, handled or broken by the,
Hands of the Priefis, nor chewed to Pieces by the Teeth of the Faithful. But

The Hiftory ^'/^INQUISITION. 29 y
But I confent to the Holy Church o/'Rome and Apoftolick See, and with my
Mouth and Heart confefs that I hold that Faith concerning the Sacrament
of the Lord's Table, which our Lord and venerable Pope Nicholas, and
this Holy Synod, by Evangelick and Apoftolick Authority, hath delivered to
be held and confirmed to me, viz. that the Bread and V/ine placed on ihe
Altar, are, after Confecration, not only a Sacrament, but alfo the true Body
and Blood of our Lord Jefus Chrift, and is broken fenfibly, not only facra
mentally, but in Truth, by the Hands of the Priefis, and chewed by the
Teeth of the Faithful, Jweartng by the Holy and Confubflantial Trinity,
and by thefe moft Holy Go/pels of Chrift. And as to thofe, who fioall go
contrary Jo this Faith, I pronounce them, with their Opinions and Follow- ¦
ers, worthy of eternal Damnation. And if I myj'elf pall at any time
prefume to think, or preach, any Thing contrary to this, I j'ubjeB myj'elf to
the Severity of the Canons.. I have voluntarily J'ubfcribed to this, being
read over and through.
The Abjuration of Jerom of Prague is longer. I Jerom of Prague,
Mafter of the Liberal Arts, acknowledging the true Catholick Church and
Apoftolick Faith, do anathematife every Herefy, and efpecially that for which
I have hitherto been defamed, and which in former Times John Wycleff
and John Hufs have dogmatifed, and held in their Works, Books, or Ser
mons to the Clergy and People, for which Reafon the aforefaid Perfons,
with their Opinions and Errors, have been condemned as Hereticks by this
Synod of Conftance, and their aforefaid DoBrine fententially damned, efpe- -
dally in fome Articles expreffed in the Sentences pronounced againfi them
by this Holy Council. I confent alfo to the Holy Church o/'Rome, and the
Apoftolick See, and this Holy Council, and with my Mouth and Heart pro
fefs it, in and concerning 'all 'Things, and efpecially concerning the Keys,
Sacraments, Orders, Offices, and Ecclefiaftical Cenfures, Indulgencies, and
ReliBs of Saints, and Ecclefiaftical Liberty, as alfo concerning the Cere
monies, and all other Things pertaining to the Chriftian Religion, even as
the Church of Rome and Apoftolick See, and this Holy Council profefs ;
and particularly that moft of the aforefaid- Articles are notorioufiy hereti
cal, and long fince condemned by the Holy Fathers ; fome of them blafphe-
mous, others erroneous, others Jcandalous, fome of them offenfive to pious
Ears, and others of them rap and f editions ; and the aforefaid Articles
. have been lately condemned as fuch by this Holy Council, and it hath been
forbidden all and ' fingular Catholicks, under Penalty of an Anathema, ever
for the future to prefume to preach, dogmatife, or to hold the faid Articles,
or any one of them. After

196 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
After thefe Things follows a long Abjuration of a certain triangular
Figure ufed by him, and called the Shield of Faith, and then he goes on.
Befides, that it may appear to all what were the Reafons why I have been
reputed to adhere to, and favour the faid late John Hufs, I notify^ by thefe
Prefents, that whereas I had, often heard him in his Preachings and
Schools, I believed him to be a good Man, and to go in nothing contrary to
the Traditions of our Holy Mother Church and the holy DoBors^ ; yea, as
there were certain Articles lately offered to me in this City, laid down by
him, and condemned by this Holy Council, I did not at firft View believe
them to be his, at leaft in that Form : And when I had heard it affirmed
by feveral famous DoBors and Mafters in Divinity, that they were his, I
defire d, for my full Information, that they would pew me the Books of his
own Hand-writing, in which the faid Articles are faid to be contained,
which being pewn to me written with his own proper Hand, which I know
as well as my own, I found all and fingular the faid Articles were writ
ten by him in that Form in which they were condemned. From whence I
have found, and do find, that he and his DoBrine, with their Followers,
have been defer vedly condemned and rejeBed as heretical and mad, by the
Holy Council. And all thefe Things aforefaid I affirm purely, and with
out any Referve, as one who is now fully and fufficiently informed of the
aforefaid Sentences pronounced by this Holy Council againfi the DoBrines
of the faid late John Wycleff and John Hufs, and againfi their Perfons ;
to which Sentences I do, as a devoted Catholick, in and concerning all Things,
humbly confent and adhere.
After this he abjured the Opinion, that Faith was to take Place even
in the future Life, and concludes thus : Moreover, I fwear both by the
Holy Trinity, and by thefe moft Holy Gofpels, that I will always, and with
out Doubt, remain in the Truth of the Catholick Church, and pronounce all
thofe who pall oppofe this Faith, together with their Opinions, worthy of
eternal Damnation. And if I myjelf fto all at any time, which God for
bid, prej'ume to think or preach any Thing to the contrary, I fubjeB myjelf
to the Severity of the Canons, and ftall be found obnoxious to eternal Pu
nipment. And this Confeffion and Writing of my own Profeflion, I do vo
luntarily offer to this Holy General Council, and have fubfcribed the fame
with my own proper Hand, and have written all thefe Things. This Ab
juration was made September 15, 14 15.
Jerom of Prague feems to have been terrified by the Condemnation of
John Hufs, and to have fallen thro' the Infirmity of human Nature.
But afterwards he took Courage, and with great Refolution revoked his
Abjuration

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 297
Abjuration in the Synod, and was, May 30. 14 16. pronounced, declared,
and condemned, by the Council of Conftance as an Heretick, and re
lapfed into Herefy, excommunicated, and anathematifed, and as fuch de-
liver'd over to the Secular Arm ; and being brought to the Stake, he fuf-r
fer'd Death, and endured the fevered Torments of the Fire, with a truly
heroick Mind.
And in this Manner all Perfons are forced to abjure, which the Church
of Rome pronounces Hereticks, unlefs they are willing to be delivered
over as impenitent Hereticks to the Secular Arm or Court, but efpecially
Doctors, whom they call Dogmatifts, Dogmatifers, and Arch-Hereticks.
Bzovius, under the Year 1479. Sect. 9. gives us a famous Inftance which
happened in Spain. ¦ Peter de Ofma, who read Theological Lectures_at
Salamanca, . had publifh'd a Book, in which were feveral Things con^
tained contrary to the Doctrines of the Church of Rome. The Arch
bifliop of Toledo, then at Alcala de Henarez, where he generally refided,
did, by Command of Pope Sixtus, after having confulted the moft Learn
ed Men, and well confidered the Matter for a long while, condemn his
Opinions, and put the Author himfelf under the Infamy of an Anathe
ma, unlefs he changed his Sentiments. The Sentence was pronounced
June 23. Pope Sixtus confirmed the Sentence of the Archbifhop by a
Bull, and commanded him, that he fhould not omit to proceed againft
the Followers of Peter de Ofma, as Hereticks, if they fhould refufe, or
wickedly defer to abjure the Herefy they are fallen into, or to imitate the
faid Peter in abjuring his Errors and repenting, as they had imitated him
in his Error.

CHAP. XXIV.
Of the Punipment and wholefome Penances enjoined juch as abjure.
SUCH who abjure, and after Abjuration are reconciled to the Church,
are enjoined various Punifhments, and, as they call them, whole
fome Penances.
Priefts and others of the Clergy are not ufually enjoined publick Pe
nance, both becaufe of the Dignity of their Order, and that the Flock
of the Faithful may not be offended. But altho* this is to be obferved
Qjl in

298 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
in fmaller Crimes, yet in more heinous ones the Priefts are to be com
pelled to undergo publick Penance, and the rather in the Crime of He
refy, becaufe fuch Offences in Priefts are more heinous than in the Laity.
And not only Clergymen and Prefby ters are obliged to this publick Pe
nance, but alfo Biihops, Cardinals, and others, howfoever dignified ; be
caufe all Men are upon an equal Foot in Matters pertaining to the Or
thodox Faith. Add to this, that heretical Clergymen, returning to the
Church, are, after Injunction of Penance, to be depofed, at leaft by a
verbal Degradation, by which they are fufpended from the Exercife of
their Orders : But of this hereafter.
Carena obferves particularly concerning Regulars, that when they fell
into Crimes relating to this Tribunal, they are ufually punifhed with fome
peculiar Punifhments. Thefe are the Privation of active arid paflive
Votes, of the Office of Preaching, and of hearing Confeffions, efpe
cially thofe of Women ; that the Sentence of the Inquifitors muft be
read twice a Year in a Chapter of the Religious, and Prefence of the Cri
minal, that they take the laft Place in the Choir and Refectory, that they
muft be whipped by their Religious in a Chapter and Prefence ofthe No
tary of the Holy Office, and others. But Carena adds, thefe Punifh
ments are to be enjoined with great Moderation, Regard being always
had to the Heinoufnefs of the Offence, and the Quality of the Offen
der ; but yet in fuch a Manner, as that the Inquifitors ought to know,
that fuch Punifhments are not impofed only, on foliciting Confeffors, but
even upon the Religious who-offend otherwife. Hence it happened fome
Years ago in our Congregation at Cremona, by Order of the Sacred Con
gregation, that a certain Regular, who had raflily incurred the Confti
tutions of Paid V. and Gregory '_XV. publifhed upon the Affair of the
Conception, was condemned publickly to revoke fome Propofitions that
were rafh, feandalous, and offenfive tp pious Ears, in the fame Place
where he had preached them ; and was farther deprived of his active
and paflive Vote, and the Office of Preaching and Lecturing,, together
with other wholefome Penances. Thus alfo in a folemn Act of the
Faith, celebrated in the Kingdom of Sicily, Friar Marcellus de Pratis, a
Religious of the Order of the Minors, was condemned by that moft il
luftrious Tribunal, becaufe he had rafhly feigned himfelf a Saint, impec
cable, confirmed in Grace, and had pronounced other fca-ndalous- and
rafh Propofitions, to the Gallies for three Years, to be banifhed for two
more into fuch a Convent of his own Religion as fhould be affigned him*
with this Addition, that he fhould faft every Friday on Bread and Water* eat

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 199
eat upon the Ground in the Refectory, walk without his Hat, and fit in
the loweft Place in the Choir and Refectory, and be perpetually deprived
of his active and paflive Vote, and of the Faculty of hearing any Perfon's
Confeffions whatfoever.
Lewis a Paramo gives us another remarkable Inftance of one Mary of
the Annunciation, Priorefs of the Monaftery ofthe Annunciation at Lif-
bon, a Maid of 32 Years old, who had pretended that the Wounds of
Chrift, by tbe fpecial Grace and Privilege of God, were imprinted on her,
and fhewed 32 Wounds made on her Head, reprefenting the Marks of
thofe which were made by our Saviour's Grown of Thorns, and Blood
fprinkled on her Hands like a Rofe, the Middle of which was like a
Triangle, and fhewed the Holes of the Nails narrower on one Side than.
the other : The fame were to be feen in her Feet. Her Side appeared
as tho' it had been laid open by the Blow of a Lance. When all thefe
Things were openly fhewn, it was wonderful to fee how they raifed the
Admiration and Devotion of ferious and holy Men, and withal fiirprized
and deceived them ; for fhe did not fuffer thofe pretended Wounds to
be feen otherwife than by Command of her Confeffor. And that abfent
Perfons might have a great Veneration for her, fhe affirmed, that on
Thurfdays fhe put into the Wounds a - fmall Cloth, which received the
Impreffion of five Wounds in Form of a Crofs, that in the Middle being
the largeft. Upon which thefe Cloths were fent, with the greateft Ve
neration, thro' the infinite Devotion of the Faithful, to the Pope, and to
almoft all the moft venerable and religious Perfons of the whole World.
And as Paramus then had the Administration of the Caufes of Faith in
the Kingdom of Sicily, he faw feveral of thofe Cloths, and the Picture
of that Woman drawn to the Life, and a Book written by a Perfon of
great Authority concerning her Life, Sanctity, and Miracles. Yea,: Pope
Gregory XIII. himfelf determined to write Letters to that wretched
Creature, to exhort her thereby to perfift with Conftancy in her Courfe,
and to perfect what fhe had begun. At laft the Impoflure was found"
out, that the Marks of the Wounds were not real, but made with- red
Lead ; and that the Woman's Defign was, when fhe had gained Autho1--
rity and Credit enough, by her pretended Sanctity, to recover the King^- '
dom of Portugal to its former State, which had legally fallen under the
Power of Philip II. Upon this, the following Sentence was pronounced
againft her by the Inquifitors oi Lifbon, Decemb. 8. Anno 1588. Firft,
fhe was commanded to pafs the reft of her Life fhut up in a Convent of
another Order, th,at was afligned to her, without the City of Lifbon f
Q^_q 2 Likewife,

.3 oo The Hiftory of the I N QU IS IT I O N.
Likewife, that from the Day of pronouncing the Sentence, fhe fhould
not receive the Sacrament of the Eucharifi for the Space of five Years,
three Eafters, and the Hour of Death excepted, or unlefs it were necef-
firy to obtain any Jubilee, that fhould in the mean while be granted by
the Pope. Likewife, that on all Wednefdays and Fridays of the whole
Year, when the religious Women of that Convent held a Chapter, fhe
fhould be whipped whilft the Pfalm, Have Mercy on me, O God, was re
citing. Likewife, that fhe fhould not fit down at Table at the Time of
Refrefhment, but fhould eat publickly on the Pavement, all being for
bidden to eat any thing fhe left. She was alfo obliged to throw herfelf
down at the Door of the Refectory, that the Nuns might tread on her
as they came in, and went out. Likewife, that fhe fhould perpetually
obferve the Ecclefiaftical Faft, and never more be created an Abbefs, nor
be chofen to any other Office in the Convent where fhe had dwelt, and
that fhe fhould be always fubject to the loweft of them all. Likewife,
that fhe fhould never be allowed to converfe with any Nun without
Leave of the Abbefs. Likewife, that all the Rags marked with Drops
of Blood, which fhe had given out, her fpurious Relicks, and her Effi
gies defcribing her, fhould be every where delivered to the Holy Inquifi
tion; or if in any Place there was no Tribunal of the Inquifition, to the
Prelate, or any other Perfon appointed. Likewife, that fhe fhould never
cover her Head with the facred Veil, and that every Wednej'day and Fri
day of the whole Year fhe fhould abftain from Meat, and live only on
Bread and Water, and that as often as fhe came into the Refectory, fhe
fhould pronounce her Crime with a loud Voice in the Prefence of all the
Nuns. He tells us in the fame Place, that Michael Piedrola took upon him
felf for many Years the Name of a Prophet, boafted of Dreams and
Revelations, and affirmed they were revealed to him by a Divine Voice.
Being convicted of fo great a Crime, he abjured de levi, was for ever
forbid the reading of the Bible, and other Holy Books, deprived of Pa
per and Ink, prohibited from writing or receiving Letters, unlefs fuch
only as related to his private Affairs, denied the Liberty of difputing about
the Holy Scripture, as well in Writing as in Difcourfe, and finally, com
manded to be thrown into Prifon, and there pafs the Remainder of his
Life. The common Punifhment of Hereticks is the Confifcation of all their
Effects ; for altho' this Confifcation is kindly remitted to thofe who come
of their own accord, and voluntarily confefs before they are accufed, yet
this

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 301
this Favour is never granted in Spain, to thofe who at length confefs after
they are accufed and thrown into Prifon, or who perflft in their Opinion.
And this Confifcation is made with fuch Rigour, that the Inquifition or
ders the Exchequer to feize on not only the Effects of the Perfons con
demned, but alfo all others adminiftred by them, altho' it evidently ap
pears that they belong to others. The Inquifition at Seville gives a re
markable Inftance of this Kind, which Gonfalvius gives us a long Account
of, with all its Circumftances.
" Nicholas Burton, an Englipman, a Perfon remarkable for his Piety,
" was apprehended by the Inquifition of Seville, and afterwards burnt
" for his immoveable Perfeverance in the Confeflion of his Faith, and
" Deteftation of their Impiety. When he was firft feized, all his Ef~
" fects and Merchandifes, upon account of which he came to Spain,
<c were, according to the Cuftom ofthe Inquifition, fequeftred. Amongft
" thefe were many other Merchandifes which were configned to him as
,c Factor, according to the Cuftom of Merchants, by another Englip
tc Merchant dwelling in London. This Merchant, upon hearing that
" his Factor was imprifoned, and his Effects feized on, fent one John
u Frontom, as his Attorney, into Spain, with proper Infiruments, to re-
(l cover his Goods. His Attorney accordingly went to Seville, and ha v-^
" ing laid before the Holy Tribunal the Infiruments and all other ne--
" ceflary Writings, demanded that the Goods fhould be delivered to him.
" The Lords anfwered, that the Affair muft be managed in Writing,
" and that he muft chufe himfelf an Advocate, undoubtedly to prolong
' the Suit, and out of their great Goodnefs appointed him one, to
' draw up for him his Petitions, and all other Infiruments, . which were
' to be offer'd to the Holy Tribunal, for every one of which they ex--
" orbitantly took from him eight Reals, altho' he received no -more Ad—
" vantage from them, than if they had never been drawn at all. Fron--
" tom waited for three or four whole Months, twice every Day, viz. in-
ic the Morning and after Dinner, at the Gates of the Inquifitor's Pa-
" lace, praying and befeeching, on his bended Knees, the Lords Inqui--
" fitors, that his Affair might be expedited, and efpecially the Lord'
5 Bifhop of Tarraco, who was then chief Inquifitor at Seville j that he •
" in virtue of his Supreme Authority would command his Effects to be
" reftored to him. But the Prey was too large and rich to be eafily re- -
" covered.. After he had fpent four whole Months in fruitlefs Prayers-
" and Entreaties, he was anfwered, that there was need of fome other
" Writings from England, more ample than thofe he . had brought be- •
" fore, ,

goi The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION.
" fore, in order to the Recovery of the Effects. Upon this the Englifh-
" man immediately returns to London, and procures the Infiruments of
ct fuller Credit which they demanded, comes back with them to Seville,
" and laid them before the Holy Tribunal. The Lords put off his An-
" fwer, pretending they were hindered by more important Affairs. They
" repeated this Anfwer to him every Day, and fo put him off for four
" whole Months longer. When his Money was almoft fpent, and he
<c ftill continued earneftly to prefs the Difpatch of his Affair, they re-
i( ferred him to the Bifhop. The Bifhop, when confulted, faid he was
" but one, and that the expediting the Matter, belonged alfo to the
" other Inquifitors ; and by thus fhifting the Fault from one to the
" other, there was no Appearance of an End of the Suit. But at length
<c being overcome by his Importunity, they fixed on a certain Day to
" difpatch him. And the Difpatch was this : The Licentiate Gafius, one
" of the Inquifitors, a Man well fkilled in the Frauds of the Inquifition,
" commands him to come to him after Dinner. The Englipman was
" pleafed with this Meffage, and went to him about Evening, believing
" that they began to think in good Earneft of reftoring him' his Effects ;
" and carrying him to Mr. Burton the Prifoner, in order to make up
" the Account, having heard the Inquifitors often, fay, tho' he did not
" know their real Meaning, that it was neceffary that he and the Prifoner
11 fhould confer together, when he came, they commanded the Prifon
" Keeper to clap him up in fuch a particular Prifon, which they named
c< to him. The poor Englipman believed at firft, that he was to be
cc brought to Burton to fettle the Account, but foon found himfelf a Pri-
u foner in a dark Dungeon, contrary to his Expectation, and that he had
" quite miftaken the Matter. After three or four Days they brought him
" to an Audience ; and when the Englipman demanded that the Inqui-
il fitors fhould reftore his Effects to him, they well knowing that it would
" agree perfectly with their ufual Arts, without any other Preface, com-
u manded him to recite his Ave-Maria. He Amply repeated it after this
" manner : Hail, Mary, full of Grace, the Lord is with thee, bleffed art
" thou amongft Women, and bleffed is Jefus, the Fruit of thy Womb, Amen.
" All was taken down in Writing, and without mentioning a Word about
" the reftoring his Effects, for there was no need of it, they commanded
" him back to his Prifon, and commenced an Action againft him for an
" Heretick, becaufe he had not repeated the Ave-Maria according to
" the Manner of the Church of Rome, and had left off in a fufpected
il Place, and ought to have added, Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for
" us

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 303
" us Sinners ; by omitting which Conclufion, he plainly difcover'd that
" he did not approve the Interceflion of the Saints. And thus at laft
" upon this righteous Pretence he was detained a Prifoner many Days.
" After this he was brought forth in Proceflion wearing an Habit, all. his
" Principal's Goods for. which he had been fuing being confifcated, and
" he himfelf condemned to a Year's Imprifonment."
Criminals are not banifhed only to fuch Places as are fubject to the
Jurifdiction of the Inquifitors who banifh them, but to other Places alfo,
becaufe all Places are fubject to the fame chief Pontiff, by whom all the
Inquifitors are delegated. To this may be added the Punifhment of be
ing thruft into a Monaftery, which, tho' now feldom inflicted, was much
more in ufe formerly. Bzovius gives us an Inftance of it in the Year
J479. This Year was condemned at Mayence, John Rucard, of the
Upper Wejel, D. D. and compelled by the Inquifitor to recant certain Ar
ticles which he was reported publickly to have preached at Worms. All
his Writings were before his Face thrown into the Fire and burnt, and
he himfelf fent to do Penance to the Convent of Auftin Friars in that
Place, where he died in a little while of Grief.
There is alfo another Punifhment of Beating or Whipping, when Cri
minals are condemned to be whipped with Scourges or Rods. If they
are religious Perfons, they are whipped in their own Monaftery by other
Religious, in the Prefence of the Notary of the Holy Office. This Pu
nifhment, Paramus being Witnefs, Laurentius Valla fuffered, who being
condemned for Herefy at Naples, was preferved from the Fire by the
King's Favour, but upon this Condition, that after he had publickly re
canted, and damned the Things he had uttered, he fhould attone for his
Crimes by Whipping. And accordingly, in the Convent of the Predi
cants, being led round the Cloifters with his Hands tied, he was whipped
upon his Shoulders and Back, by the Religious of the Houfe.
Sometimes however it happens, that the Inquifitors do, either thro5
Imprudence or Inadvertence, offend againft this Admonition of Zan-
cbinu.s^ as may be collected from an Inftance related by Gonj'alvius. In
the Inquifition at Seville, they proceeded by an Inquifitory Cenfure a-
gainft a certain Citizen, upon account of Religion. Amongft other Parts
of his Punifhment, he forfeited all his Effects and Incomes, on which
be had lived creditably enough before, and was ordered to be confined
in a certain private Prifon, for ten Years, being thus ftripped of all he
bad. After he had ^een feme Days in the Prifon, in which, being re
duced, to extreme Poverty, tho' otherwife far from being in mean Cir-
cumftanceSj

¦3 o^ Hx? Hiftory e/ the I N QU I S I T I O N.
-cumftances, he was fupported by the Contributions of fome pious Per
fons, one of the Notaries of the Inquifition comes to him/raindu brings
him a Command in Writing from the Holy Tribunal, by which he was
ordered to pay the Sunvof 130 Ducats for his Expences and Provifion
during his Imprifonment in the Inquifition. The Anfwer he returned
to the Order was, that it was true, that having been plundered and
-ftripped entirely of all his Effects, by thefe felf-fame Fathers of the
Faith, he had nothing left to pay that Money. This Anfwer did not
fatisfy their Lordfhips, who fent the Notary to him a fecond time, com
manding him to pay, within a few -Days, the Money they had demand
ed, or that otherwife they would take him out of his private Prifon, and
throw him into the publick Prifon of the City. Unthinking Creatures,
who did not take Care to pay themfelves their own Expences, before
they brought the Man's Effects into the Exchequer.
However, Fines are not exacted for all Sorts of Crimes, but for fome
particular Kind of them only. For the Popifh Doctors obferve, that
thofe who offend concerning the Faith, may two ways offend the Church.
Firft, By only believing amifs, and alfo by publifhing Herefies. Secondly,
When befides their ill Belief, they have added other Crimes, viz. if they
have burnt Churches, deftroyed Images, killed Catholicks, or committed
the like Things. If they offend in the firft Manner, and are returned,
the Inquifitor may, if he will, before they are abfolved from Excommu
nication, exact from the Perfon returning, not only an Oath of obeying
the Commands of the Church, but alfo Security and Bail, under Penalty
of a Fine of obeying fuch Commands, and exact fuch Penalty if he
doth not obey. 'Tis however more honourable, not to take fuch Secu
rity, under Penalty of a Fine, that they may not appear to do any thing
rather out of Covetoufhefs than the Love of Religion, as the Council of
Narbonne hath advifed, cap. 17. Tou mufi abftain from, and forbear, fuch
pecuniary Penances and ExaBions, becaufe of the Honour of your Order.
If they have offended in the fecond Manner, they are not, according to
the Rigour of the Law, to be received and abfolved, before they have
made good and repaired the Damage out of their own Eftates. If they
cant immediately give Satisfaction for the Damage they have done, either
thro' Poverty or other Caufes, they are to be abfolved, upon giving pro
per Security, viz. by laying fomething down as a Pledge, or giving Sure
ties to make Satisfaction when they are able, or when they fhall come
to a larger Eftate. 'Tis alfo now a Cuftom obferved by all the Inquifitors, though

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 305-
though ^ be provided for by no Law, gently to ftrike with a Rod fuch
as return when they abfolve them.
Such Perfons alfo are excluded from all publick Offices as infamous.
Thefe publick Offices are, Offices of all Sorts, and of every Name, ac
cording to the various Rites and Cuftoms of different Provinces. The
Council of Thouloufe reckons even the Office of a Phyfician amongft them.
Cap. 14. We ordain alfo, that whofoever. ftjall be defamed for Herefy, or
marked as fufpeBed, pall no longer be allowed the Profeflion of a Phy
fician. Farther alfo, Penitents, and thofe reconciled, returning from Herefy to
the Church, and the Children and Grandchildren of condemned Per
fons, are not only excluded from bearing publick Offices, or having Be
nefices and Dignities, but from ufing Silver, Gold, or precious Garments
and Ornaments, according to the Council of Biterre. 'Tis alfo forbid
den them to ride on Horfes with Trappings, as Nobles do, which Pro
hibition extends alfo to Mules. But in thefe Cafes they allow a Difpen-
fation after fome Time.
But the moft ufual Punifhment of all is, their wearing Croffes upon
their penitential Garments, which was not only formerly in Ufe, but is
now frequently enjoined Penitents in Spain and Portugal. And this is
far from being a fmall Punifhment. Becaufe fuch Perfons are expofed
to the Scoffs and Intuits of all, which they are obliged to fwallow, tho*
the moft cruel in themfelves, and offered by the vileft of Mankind ; for
by thefe Croffes they are marked to all Perfons for Herefy, or as it is
now in Spain and Portugal for Judaifm. And being thus marked, they
are avoided by all, and are almoft excluded from all human Society.
We have an Inftance of this in the Book of Sentences of the Thouloufe
Inquifition, in one Arnald Tfarni of Villemaur, who had thrown off his
Croffes, and being afterwards again apprehended, gave this Reafon for
doing it before the Inquifitor ; Becaufe by wearing his Croffes, he could find
no Perfons and Place, where he could get his Living ; and that therefore
he fiood for ten Tears without them at the Moyffac, and got his Liveli
hood by going and coming with the Ships to Bourdeaux.
Their Garment was formerly of a black and bluifh Colour, like a
Monk's Cloke, made without a Coul, and the Croffes put on them were
ftrait, having one Arm long, and the other a-crofs, after this manner -f.
Sometimes, according to the Heinoufnefs of the Offence, there were
two Arms a-crofs, after this manner J. But now in Spain this Garment
is of a yellow Colour, and the Croffes put on it are oblique, after the
R r manner

30fj The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
manner of St. Andrew's Crofs, in this Form X, and are of a red Colour.
This Habit was ufed to be made always, and every where, of Woollen
Cloth, but now tis made fhorter than formerly. For heretofore 'twas
full as long as the Monks Clokes, and remained fo all the while it was
marked with Croffes. For as the Croffes themfelves were of three Spans
length, it could not be otherwife but that the Sackcloth muft be long
too. But afterwards, upon account of the Croffes being taken away, and
that the Sackcloth might differ from the Monk's Cloke, it was reduced
to a fhorter Meafure. In fome Tribunals alfo of Spain, another kind of
penitential Garment was in Ufe. For upon fuch Criminals as were not
convict, but only vehemently fufpected of Herefy, they ufed to put a half
penitential Garment, covering the Breaft only, which was marked only
with one Line, of a red Colour, and not with two crofs ones, as the
whole Sackcloth ufed to be marked with, that it might be hereby fliewn,
that he was not truly and formally an Heretick, but vehemently fufpected
of Herefy. This Cloke the Italians call Abitello, the Spaniards, Sant
benito, as tho' it was Sacco benito, i. e. the bleffed Sackcloth, becaufe it is
fit for Penance, by which we are bleffed and faved. But Simancas fays,
'tis the Garment of St. BenediB. The wearing it is commanded. They
pretend that the Foundation of this Habit is to be found in the Sacred
Writings, becaufe thofe who fuffered formerly for their Impieties, were,
befides other Penances, fometimes clothed with Sackcloth, in order to
implore the Divine Mercy, and to render God propitious whom they
had offended, as they fhew in the Example of Achab, i Kings xxi. 27.
But Ludovicus a Paramo carries its Original higher, viz. that as God
cloth'd our firft Parents with Garments of Skins, in Token of Cpnfu-
fion and perpetual Shame, fo the Inquifitors, at this Day, in Imitation
of God, clothe fuch as are convicted of Herefy, with thefe bleffed Sack
cloths, with oblique Croffes on them, to the proper Ignominy and Con-
fufion pf thofe who wear them. And he gives this Reafon why thefe
ignominious Garments are called bleffed Sackcloths : Becaufe formerly
Sinners were clothed with bleffed Sackcloths, in Token of publick
Penance, and was taken upon a voluntary Vow by the Penitents thenv
felves. But this Cuftom, in Procefs of Time, came into Difufe ; and be
caufe antiently thefe Sackcloths were bleffed in the Primitive Church,
therefore they were called bleffed Sackcloths. And therefore the Inquifi
tion, in Deteftation of the Crime of Herefy, hath renewed the Cuftom
of publick Penance and bleffed Sackcloth. He gives alfo a very ridicu
lous Reafon, why the Croffes, which were formerly ftrait, are now made
oblique4

The Hiftory of. //^INQUISITION. 3 07
oblique, upon the penitential Garments. Becaufe the Crofs is the external
Sign, by which all the Wor flippers of Chrift profefs the Catholick Faith.
Since therefore they who offend againfi the Catholick Faith, deviate from
the ReBitude of the Faith, the Inquifitors are ufed to clothe Penitents with
thefe tranfverfe Marks, in Token of Juch Deviation, that it may appear to
all by the Figure of the oblique Crofs, what is the inward State of him
that wears it, what he hath been, and how he hath wandered from the
ReBitude of the Faith, and of the Chriftian Religion.
Thefe Croffes are put on thofe who have believed Herefies, and fome
times on thofe who have been Dogmatifers, but who immediately, up
on their being found out and informed againft before the Bifhops and In
quifitors, depart from their Errors, and confent to abjure them. Such
are more gently dealt with, and 'tis eafier to have a Difpenfation as to
their Penance. For either they are to wear their Croffes only for a Time,
or if they are enjoined them for their whole Life, after they have worn
them for fome Years, in another Sermon or Act of Faith, they leave
them off again ; or if they are in an ill State of Health, or if the Peni
tent be remarkably humble, and truly converted. But fuch a Difpenfa
tion is the more difficultly obtained, becaufe the publick wearing thefe
Croffes may make great Satisfaction in Behalf of thofe who carry them,
yea, it may be greatly meritorious in them, becaufe of the great Degree
of Shame which fuch Perfons endure, and may be, and is, a confiderable
Warning to others.
He who throws off, or conceals this Garment, is to be punifhed as an
Impenitent. Nor can the Inquifitors themfelves, now in Spain, mode
rate the Time which they have fixed for the wearing it ; both becaufe
their Office is difcharged after they have pronounced from the Tribu
nal, and becaufe this Matter is referved to the Inquifitor-General and
Council. This Habit of the Penitents, and Sackcloth of condemned Hereticks,
is to be hung up in the Church of that Parifh where they dwelt, that
thefe fort of Enfigns may be a Monument to keep up the everlafting Re
membrance of their Impiety ; for the Names of the Hereticks, and the
Reafons of their Condemnation, are to be infcribed and renewed on them.
Madrid Inftruction, Anno i$6i.c. 81. viz. after the Example of Mofes,
who made broad Plates for a Covering of the Altar, of the Cenfers of the.
two hundred and fifty Men who had offered Incenf'e to the Lord, that they
might be a Memorial and a Sign to the Children of Urael, Numb. xvi. 39,
40. If any one fteals thefe Enfigns, 'tis the common Opinion, that he
R r 2 is

308 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
is to be punifhed at the Pleafure of the Judges, not as a Thief or facri-
legious Perfon, but as a Contemner of Religion and the Judges, and muft
therefore be whipped, or fined, or banifhed.
. Finally, the moft grievous Punifhment is the being condemned to
perpetual Imprifonment, there to do wholefome Penance with the Bread
of Grief, and the Water of Affliction. This is ufually enjoined on the
Believers of Hereticks, and fuch as are difficultly brought to Repentance,
or who have a long while denied the Truth during the Trial, or have
perjured themfelves. For becaufe fuch Perfons do not feem to be vo
luntarily, and willingly converted, they will not allow them their LibeKty,
left beingfeignedly converted, as may be eafily prefumed, they fhould-
corrupt others. There is a Decree of the Council of Thouloufe on this
Affair, cap. 10. But as to thofe Hereticks, who thro' Fear of Death, or any
other Caufe, but not voluntarily, return to the Catholick Unity, let them be
flout up in Prifon to do Penance, by the Biftop of the Place, with jiich
Caution, as that it may not be in their Power to corrupt others. And the
Council of Biterre. If any one of the Profeffed, or Confolati, will, thro'
Fear of Punifhment, return to the Faith, let him be committed to perpe
tual Imprifonment by the Bipop, lefi under the Shew of pretended Good the
Church pould be deceived. Thus alfo the Emperor Frederick. Nor are
thofe only who are very difficultly converted from Herefy, condemned to
perpetual Imprifonment, but alfo certain other Perfons, whofe Crimes
committed in the Caufe of Faith are very remarkable, which the Coun
cil of Narbonne, held a few Years after that of Thouloufe, particularly
enumerates, in thefe Words, cap. 9. But as to Hereticks, or their Be
lievers, who have notwithftanding the aforefaid Immunity, fuppreffed ihe
'Truth concerning themfelves or others, or have not come in within the.Time
cf Grace, or who are otherwife unworthy, but yet are ready abfblhtely to
obey the Commands of the Church, andto acknowledge that Truth which
they have fuppreffed or denied, altho' fuch are, without Doubt, according to
the Statutes of our Lord the Pope, to be thruft into perpetual Imprifon
ment ; yet in as much as we have underftood, that you have found in J'eve-
ual Parts Jo great a Multitude of them, as that there is, not only not Money
enough, but neither Stones nor Mortar fufficient to build Prifons for 'them;
our Advice is, that you defer their Imprifonment as you think it Convenient,
till our Lord the Pope himfelf be more- fully advifed concerning their Num
ber, except poflibly any of them fhould be fo very wicked, as that there is
too much Reafon to fear that they will be impenitent, or efcape, or relapfe,
or. corrupt and. diffurb others.- Such Perfons. are to be fent, without farther- Delay ^

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 309
Delay, to a fecure and perpetual Prifon. In our Times this ancient
Confinement or perpetual Imprifonment, is feldom or never ufed ; but
the Bifhops and Inquifitors often change it for a Confinement in fome
Monaftery. But altho' in our Ages the perpetual Prifon is not made after the fame
Manner in which it was formerly built, yet Pegna is of Opinion, that
fome certain Houfe ought to be procured, and made ufe of as a perpe
tual Prifon, in which thofe who are to be fhut up, fhould dwell ; be
caufe otherwife he cant underftand how Penitents can perform the Pe
nances enjoined them.
However, the Inquifitors with, the Ordinaries have now a Power of
difpenfing, excepting only that it is denied to the Inquifitors in Spain, by
the private Sanctions of that Inquifition ; fo that the Inquifitor-General '
only difpenfes in this Cafe, even as he doth alfo with refpect to the Ha-
bit marked with Croffes. After how long a Time this Difpenfation.may
be allowed, is left to the Pleafure of the Inquifitors, who, upon con
fidering the Humility and Repentance of the Penitents, may remit this Pu
nifhment within a leffer while, pr commute it for another.. But tis ge
nerally remitted at the Expiration of three Years.. But if this Punifh
ment of the Prifon is enjoined never to be remitted, tis generally dif-
penfed with at the End of eight Years. But the whole of this depends
on the Inquifitors Pleafure.
Thefe Remiffions may alfo be obtained with Money, by which Per
fons may redeem themfelves from Prifon, and the Habits of their Guilt j
and this Method of Redemption ufed to bz very common in Spain ; be
caufe, as the King granted certain Redemptions of thefe Sambenito' s to
the Court young Ladies and Gentlemen, he who received the Grant, di
ligently enquires where, and who the Perfons are that are fubject to this
Punifhment, and who are moft enclined and able to redeem it, with
whom he afterwards agrees about the Price, as he beft can, either for
more or lefs, taking into the Account the Perfon that buys it off, and
the Sambenito itfelf. Such as are irremiffible, the Price is dearer ; fuch
as are ordered to perpetual Imprifonment, 'tis cheaper. Such which are
but for a Time, and depending on the Inquifitor's Pleafure, cheaper yet ; .
and fuch which depend on the Inquifitor's Pleafure only, cheapeft of all.
The King alfo fometimes fhew'd the fame Liberality to fome others, who
prayed to be affifted with the Money arifing from thefe Sambenito' s, to
redeem their Brethren or Kindred from Turkip or Moorijh Captivity..
But if any one defires thus to be freed from his Sambenito, 'tis neceffary -
before all Things, in order to obtain his Defiie from the King, that he.
before—

310 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
before-hand fecure the good Will of the Inquifitors and Secretaries. For
otherwife, tho' the King himfelf fhould grant it, and the Money be
paid down, they would ufe all their Endeavours to fruftrate it, and would
cunningly and malicioufly throw in effectual Obftacles, even by this fin
gle Expreffion, viz. that, the King ought to be better informed of the
Affair, and even the Pope himfelf, if he fhould have happened to grant
the Abfolution. And if the Matter fhould come thus far, it wpuld be
eafy for them, before not over-fcrupulous, to invent this Anfwer, that
the Perfon was not fo throughly purged from his Guilt, as to render it
fafe for him to be fet at Liberty.
Befides this Condemnation to perpetual Imprifonment, fuch Perfons
are alfo enjoined other Penances, viz. Sometimes to ftand in the Ha
bit marked with the Crofs at the Door of fuch a Church, fuch a Time,
and fo long, viz. on the four principal Feftivals of the glorious Virgin
Mary of fuch a Church, or on fuch and fuch Feftivals, at the Gates of
fiich and fuch Churches. Concerning this there is a Decree extant of
the Council of Biterre ; where, after commanding that Penitents fhould
be prefent at Divine Service on Sundays and Feftivals, this is added : That
on the Mafs of every Sunday and Fefiival, between the Epifile and the
Gofipel, they pall publickly prefent themfelves with Rods in their Hands,
firipped of their outward Garment, and with their Veil or Hat off, to the
Prieft celebrating Mafs in the Prefence oj the People, and there, after
having received Difcipline, the Prieft pall declare, that they fuffer this
Difcipline for heretical Pravity. Sometimes before they are fhut up in
Prifon, they are publickly expofed, viz. being clothed with the Ha
bit of the Croffes, they are placed upon an high Ladder in the Gate of
fome Church, that they may be plainly feen by all, where they muft
ftand till Dinner-time, after which they muft be carried, clothed in the
fame Habit, to the fame Place, at the firft Ringing to Vefpers, and there
ftand till Sun-fet ; and thefe Spectacles are ufually . repeated on feveral
Sundays and Feftivals in feveral Churches, which are particularly fpeci-
fied in their Sentence. However, there is no mention made in the
Book of the Sentences of the Thouloufe Inquifition, of fuch a Spectacle,
on the account of Herefy, but of two only who were condemned for
falfe Witnefs. But if they break Prifon, or do not otherwife fulfil the
Penances enjoined them, they are condemned as Impenitents, and as un
der the Guilt of their former Crimes ; and if they fall again into the
Hands of the Inquifitors, they are delivered over as Impenitents to the
Secular Court, unlefs they humbly afk Pardon, and profefs that they will
obey

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 311
obey the Commands of the Inquifitors. Thus 'tis determined by the
Council of Thouloufe : Let all fuch Hereticks or Believers of them, who,
after they have fworn to obey the Commands of the Church, and either
have, or have not, obtained the Benefit of Abfolution, refufing to obferve
and do the Penance of Imprifonment enjoined them, either by not going into
Prifon, ' or getting out of it after their Entrance, or any other Penance
whatfoever, cr thrd Contumacy, abfenting themfelves from receiving it,
thus become Rebels, and thus openly man'ifeft their Impenitency and feigned
Converfion, be left by you, without any farther Audience at all, to the
.Secular Judgment, to be punifhed according to their Defert, fince 'tis fuf
ficient that they have once deceived the Church by a falfe Converfion.
They are now alfo condemned to the Punifhment of the Gallies, be
caufe the ancient Practice of Immuration is at this Time feldom ufed.
This is confirmed by Royas. It was a Cuftom very frequent and ufiial
in the Court of the Inquifition, that a Perfon condemned to a perpe
tual Prifon, fhould be difpenfed with by the Inquifitor-General, after
three Years. But that if any one was condemned to perpetual and un
redeemable Imprifonment, if he appeared humble and truly penitent, he
fhould be difpenfed with after eight Years. But now inftead of perpe
tual Imprifonment, Hereticks are condemned to the Gallies, provided
they are not weak or aged. Such Condemnation muft not be. for lefs
than three Years, .left the Exchequer fhould receive more Damage than
Benefit by the Expences. Thus the Supreme and General Council of
the Inquifition hath decreed. Thefe are the Punifhments; of Penitents.
Others will not depart from their Errors, but obftinately perfift in
them for a while, and at length perhaps more thro'. Fear of Death, than
the Love of Truth, depart from them, or pretend to do it,, and abjure ;
and therefore they don't give much Credit to their Abjurations. Such
are ordinarily condemned to perpetual and ftrict Imprifonment, and to
Iron Fetters and Chains, where they are daily allowed the Bread of Grief
for Meat, and the Water of Affliaion for their Drink. To this Pur
pofe is the Decree of the Council of Biterre. Take Care however, that
according to the Appointment of the Apoftolick See, feparate and fecret. Cells
be appointed to fuch as are to be immured, as it can be conveniently done
in the feveral Cities of the corrupted Diocejes, that they may neither be
able to pervert themfelves or others.
, The Inquifitors may alfo encreafe thefe Penances, if the converted
Perfpns want Devotion, or are malicious and quarrelfome,, becaufe thefe
Things

312 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
Things fhew that their Mind and Soul is far from being obedient to the
Law of God, or the Commands enjoined them.
When and how far any one is to>be admitted to Pen ance.
'Tis a very important and difficult Queftion amongft the Popifh
Doctors, and very intricate, at what Time, and how, penitent Hereticks
are to be admitted.
By comparing Opinions together, it appears, that they are all of this
Mind, that in order to any one's being admitted to Repentance, he muft
manifeft it before Sentence is pronounced. They efpecially require that
he fignify it before Sentence given, or at leaft before Publication of it.
But if he remains Impenitent, he is perfuaded not only before he is
brought out in Proceffion, but even on the very Scaffold, and often
times, and moft earneftly, admonifhed to forfake his Errors and abjure.
The Method of doing it is this. The Sentences of the Penitents and
Converts, if any fuch there be, are read firft, and laft of all thofe of
the Impenitents, if there are any. But before the pronouncing of them,
they are admonifhed before all the People to repent, and at length to be
converted, becaufe there is yet room for Mercy. If they fay they will
be converted, they are carried back to Prifon, and admitted to Penance.
If they perfevere obftinate and impenitent, the Sentence is read, and
they are delivered to the Secular Court, that being burnt in Sight of the
People, they may fuffer the Punifhments due to their Impenitency.
But however, as to thofe who do not convert themfelves till they are
actually on the Scaffold, and the Sentence is going to be pronounced,
the Madrid Inftruction, Anno 156 1. cap. 44. advifes, that they are not
to be admitted to Penance, but upon the moft extraordinary Confidera-
tions ; becaufe they appear to be converted rather thro' Fear of inftant
Death, than the Love of true Repentance.
'Tis certainly the Opinion of Eymerick, that even fuch ought to be ad
mitted to Repentance. But Pegna, tho' he thinks this Opinion of Eyme
rick to be the fafer, yet determines that to be the more juft, which
leaves to Criminals room for Mercy ohly, till they are brought from the
Prifons of the Inquifitors ; and that after this they are by no Means to
be heard. Zanchinus Ugolinus faith, that fuch a one is fo far to be re
ceived, as that he may efcape the Punifhments of the Soul, /'. e. the
Punifhments of Hell j and therefore may be admitted to the Ecclefiafti cal

J°- *'»¦

C -("ffla/i a?/uft?/??/uf fo fr /wr/if-

The Hiftory *//&? INQUISITION. 315
cal Sacraments, and abfolved from the Excommunication he was under,
if he fliews Signs of true Repentance ; but that he is by no means to
be admitted to efcape corporal or temporal Punifliment, becaufe he came
in too late who - flaid for his Sentence. Others fay this is wholly arbi-
trrary, and depends merely on the Pleafure of the Judge, whereas others
do not think it at all fafe, that the Life of Penitents jhould depend on the
Will of the Judges.
However, after Sentence pronounced, thefe is no farther Place for Par
don. And yet there is one Inftance pf Stephana de Proaudo, extant in
the Book of the Sentences of the Thouloufe Inquifition, who, being judged
an Heretick the Day before, and left as an Heretick to the Secular Court
(from whence it appears that it was not then ufiial for thofe who were
left to the Secular Court to be burnt the fame Day on which the Sen
tence is pronounced, as is now practifed in Spain and Portugal) feeing
on the following Day, viz-. Monday, that the Fire in which fhe was to
be burnt was made ready, faid, on that very Day that fhe was willing to
be converted to the Catholick Faith, and to return to the Ecclefiaftical
Unity. And when 'twas doubted whether fhe fpoke this feignedly or
fincerely, or thro' Fear of Death, and was anfwered, that the Time of
Mercy was elapfed, and that fhe fhould think of the Salvation of her
Soul, and fully difcover whatfoever fhe knew of herfelf, or others, con
cerning the Fact of Herefy, which fhe promifed to fay and do, and that
fhe would die in the Faith of the Holy Church of Rome : Upon this the
Inquifitor and Vicars of the Bifhop of Thouloufe called a Council on the
following Tuefday, and at length it was concluded, that on the following
Sunday fhe fhould confefs the Faith of the Church oi Rome, recant her
Errors, and be carried back to Prifon, where it would be proved whe
ther her Converfiori was real or pretended ; and fo ftrictly kept, that fhe
might not be able to infect others with her Errors. Eymerick alio gives
us an Inftance at Barcelona in Catalonia, of three Hereticks impenitent,
but not relapfed, who were delivered over to the Secular Arm : And
when one of them, who was a Prieft, was put in the Fire, and one of
his Sides fomewhat burnt, he cried to be taken out of it, becaufe he
would abjure and repent ; arid he was taken out accordingly.. But he
was afterwards found always to have continued in his Herefy, and to
have infected many, and would not be converted, and was therefore
turn'd over again as impenitent and relapfed, to the Secular Arm, and
burnt. N°, u. S f 'The

g-i4 The Hiftory of the tNQ'MSI.TJQ^N.?
The Author of the Hiftory of the Inquifition at Ga^ /gives,- us another
Inftance of a very rich new Chriftian;, whofe Name was, Lewis Pezoa,
who, with his whole Family, had been accufed of. fecret jJlidajW, ¦by
fome of his Enemies, and who, with his Wife, two Sonsai^d pnp Daugh
ter, and fome other. Relations that lived with him, were all [thrown- into,
the Prifon of the Inquifition. He denied the Crime of which he was
accufed, and well refuted it, and demanded that the Witneffes who had
depofed againft him, might be difcovered to him, that he might convict
them of Falfhood : But he could obtain nothing, and was condemned
as a Negative, to be delivered over to the Arm of the Secular Court ;:
which Sentence was made known to him fifteen Days before it was pro
nounced. The Duke of Cadaval, an intimate Friend of the Duke
dAveira, Inquifitor-General, had made ftrict Enquiry how his Affair
was like to turn. And underftand ing by the Inquifitor-General, that.
unlefs he confeffed before his. going out of Prifon^ he could not^ efcape.
the Fire, becaufe he had been legally convicted, he continued to entreat
the Inquifitor-General, till he. had obtained a PrPmife from him, that if
he could perfuade Pezoa to confefs, even after Sentence pronounced, and
his Proceffion in the Act of Faith, he fhould not die, tho' it, was con
trary to the Laws and Cuftom of an Act of Faith, Upon that folemrt
Day therefore, on which the Act of Faith was to-be held, he Went \vith
fome of his own Friends, and fome that were. Pezoa' s, to the Gate of the
Inquifition, to prevail with him, if poffible, to confefs. He came out
in the Proceffion, wearing the infamous Samarre, and on his Head the
Caroch, or infamous Mitre. . His Friends, with many Tears, befought
him in the Name of the Duke de Cadaval., and by all that was dear to
him, that he would preferve his Life, and intimated to him,r that if he
would confefs and repent, the faid Duke had obtained his Life from the
Inquifitor-General, and would give him more than he had loft. But
all in vain, Pezoa continually protefting himfelf innocent, and that the
Crime itfelf was falfly invented by his Enemies who fought his Deftruc-
tion. When the Proceffion was ended, and the Act of Faith almoft
frnifhed, the Sentences of thofe who were condemned to cettain Penan
ces having beeri read, and on the Approach of Evening,, the Sentences
of thofe who were to be delivered over to the Secular Court being begun
to be read, his Friends repeated their Entreaties, by which at laft they
overcame his .Conftancy, fo that defiring an Audience, and tiling up,
that he might be heard, he faid, Come, then, let us go and confefs the
Crimes

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T ION." 3 i y
Crimes I amfalfiy accufed of and thereby gratify the Defires of my Friends.
And having confefled his Crime, lie was remanded to Prifon. Two
"Years after, the was fent to Evor a, and in the Act of Faith walked in
Proceffion wearing the Samarre, on which was painted the Fire invert
ed, according to the ufual Ctiftorri of the portuguefe Inquifition ; and
after five Years more that he was detained in the Prifon of the Inquifi
tion, he Was condemned to the Gallies for five Years.
Finally, Simancas propofes and refolves a Queftion concerning another
Cafe, viz. " Whether an Heretick converted after a definitive Sentence,
" who fays that he will repent, and difcover other Hereticks to the
" Ju<%es> and is upon that Account returned to the Inquifitors by the
" Secular Judge, and makes a frill Confeffion before them, is to be left
" again to the faid Secular Judge ? This Queftion, in the former Age,
" was actually debated by the Inquifitors of Cuenca, and after the Su-
" preme Judges and flcilful Men had been confulted, they unanimoufly
"" anfwered, that fuch a Penitent was not to be left again to the Secular
u Court ; both becaufe he had made a tine Confeffion before the Inqui-
" fitors, and therefore ought not to be delivered up by them, and be-
tc caufe the Secular Judge feems to renounce his own Right, by deli-
" vering to the Inquifitors the Heretick that had been turned over to
";him." Add to this, that 'tis neither confiftent with Goodriefs ' nor
Equity, that he who is now- neither impenitent nor relapfed, fhould,
upon any Account, be delivered over to the Secular Power.
How the Process ends againfi a relapfed Penitent.
If the accufed Perfon is found a Relapfe by his own Confeffion, but
penitent, profeffing that he believes in a Catholick Manner, and is
willing to return to the Unity of the Church, the Bifhop and Inquifi
tor lend to him two or three good Men, and efpecially Religious, or
Clergymen, zealous for the Faith, neither fufpected by, nor ungrateful
to fihn. who, upon fome convenient Hour go to him, and after dif-
Courting with him in the firft Place concerning the Contempt of the
World, fie Miferies of this prefent Life, and the Joys and Glories of
Piradhe, do afterwards, in the Name of the Bifho'p and Inquifitor, dif.
cover tc 'urn, that in as much as he is relapfed, he can't efcape, tem
poral Dc; h ; and" that therefore he ought to be careful of the Salvation
of J his !S. ctA, and prepare himfelf for the Confeffion of his Sins, and thei1
Reception f the Sacrament of the Eucharift. And thefe Admonitions
S f z they

3itf The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
they repeat till he hath confeffed his Sins, and humbly defires that the
Sacrament of the Eucharift may be given him, becaufe the Ecclefiafti
cal Sacraments are not to be denied to a relapfed Penitent, if he hum
bly defires them, cap. Super eo de hceret. lib. 6. After having received thefe
Sacraments, and by this Means being, in their Opinion, rightly prepared
for Salvation, the Bifhop and Inquifltor order the Bailiff of the Place, or
the Chief Magiftrate of the Secular Court, to be ready with his Atten
dants fuch a Day or Hour, in fuch a Street or Place, to receive from
their Court fuch a Relapfe, which they will deliver to him; and. that on
the fame Day, or the Day before, he fhall make Proclamation by the
Crier throughout the City, in all the ufual Places and Streets, that on
fuch a Day, Hour and Place, the Inquifitor will make a Sermon for the
Faith, and that he and the Bifhop will then condemn a certain Relapfe,
by delivering him over to the Secular Court.
Here they differ, whether a condemned Perfon may be delivered, over
to the Secular Court on Sunday, or a Holiday. In many Cities, of Eu
rope 'tis a Cuftom, that the Inquifitors do not deliver over to the Secular
Court Relapfes, or Impenitents, on a Holiday, but on fome other ; and
therefore the Criminal, two or three Days before he is burnt, is removed
from the Houfes or Prifons of the Inquifitors, to the Prifons of the Se
cular Judges. But in Spain and Portugal, all Things relating to the Act
of Faith are done on fome Feftival, to ftrike the greater Terror into the
People. In like Manner they are not all agreed, whether when the Criminals
are delivered over to the Secular Court, the Act of Faith ought to be ce
lebrated within the Church, or without it. In Spain and Portugal fuch
publick Acts of Faith are held without the Church, and, generally. fpeak
ing, in a large and open Street or Market, and upon very high Scaffolds,
that all the People may more eafily and clearly fee, which could not be
done fo conveniently within the Church.
Matters being thus ordered, if the Perfon to be delivered over to the
Secular Court is in Holy Orders, a Prieft, or of any other Degree, he is,
before he is turned over, ftripped of the Prerogative of the whole Ec
clefiaftical Order, or, as they call it, degraded, that being deprived of
every Dignity that might exempt him from the Secular Power, he may
be delivered , over to it.
This Degradation is twofold, one verbal, the other actual. The ver
bal is, when the Bifhop pronpunces. Sentence againft a Clergyman, x by
which he deprives him of all, Clerical Orders, or rather of the Miniftry/ or

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 317
or Execution of thofe Orders, which is more properly Depofition. The
actual is, when the Clergyman is not only deprived by Sentence, but alfo
deprived actually and perfonally, ftripped and defpoiled of his Ecclefia
ftical Orders ; and this takes Place in the Crime of Herefy, when the
Perfon is to be deliverd over to the Secular Court. But if he is only to
be perpetually imprifoned, they only make ufe of verbal Degradation.
In order to an actual Degradation, a certain Number of Judges was
formerly required. In the Cafe of a Bifhop, twelve Biihops were requi-
fite ; of a Prefbyter, fix Bifhops ; and of a Deacon, three. But becaufe
in the Affair of Herefy, it would be difficult for fo many Bifhops to af-
femble, to degrade a Religious, already judged by the' Judges of the
Faith, the Bifhop, according to a Power granted by Gregory IX. calls
together the Prelates, Abbots, and Religious Men, of his Diocefe, to he
prefent on the Day appointed for this Ceremony. The Bifhop himfelf,
clothed in his Pontificalibus, affifted by the Prelates of his Diocefe, places
before him the Perfon to be degraded, clothed with all his Veftments,
juft as if he was going to Divine Service, and degrades him from his
Orders, beginning with the higheft, and fo gradually defcending to the
loweft. And as in conferring Orders, the Bifhop ufes. a Form of WoLds
appointed by the Church for this Purpofe, fo alfo hi degrading, when
he depofes him from the Cloke and the Gown, and other Degrees, he
ufes Expreflions quite the contrary, by which he declares he deprives him
of this Order.
So that the conferring of Orders, and the Degradation from them, are
performed in a Manner, and with Ceremonies directly contrary to each
other. For when Orders ' are conferred, they begin from the loweft till
they, gradually rife to the higheft. Firft, they confer the Order of the
Door-keeper. The Bifhop takes the Keys from the Altar, and deliver
ing them to him -whom he appoints- a Door-keeper,, fays,. Do this as one
who muft give an Account to God for the Things locked up by thefe Keys,
The Bifhop ordains the Reader with this Ceremony. The People being
prefent at his, Ordination, the Bifhop. delivers him a Book, in which are
written the Things. belonging to. his Function^ faying, Receive it, and be
thou aiRehearjer of the Word of. God, and if you faithfully and profitably
fulfil your Office,, have part with thofe, who from the Beginning have ad-
miniflred well the Word of God. The Bifhop ordains an Exorcift, by de
livering Lo him .a Book, in which- the Exorcifms are contained, ufing
this Form of Words, Receive and commit to Memory, and have Power of'.
laying Hands upon the Poffeffed, whether baptized, or Catechumens. In the
Ordination

3 1 E The tf&oifofJhe INQUISITION;
Ordination of an Acolythift, this Ceremony is obferved. After the Bifhop
diligently admonifhes the Perfons' to be ordained' of their Office, he de
livers to each of them Wax Lights, after this Manner : Receive theCan-
dleftick with the Wax Light f and know, that you are engaged to light the
Tapers of the Church, in the Name of the Lord.' r Theri he delivers to hirri
the empty Flaggons, in which they ferve up Water and Wine at the Sa
crifice, faying, Receive the Flaggons to minifter Wine- and Water for the
Eucharift of the Blood of Chrift, in the Name ofthe Lord. , When the
Bifhop ordains Sub-Deacons, he admonifbes them, thatthe Law- of per
petual Continence is enjoined this Order, and declares that no one is
taken into the Order of Sub-Deacons, who is not voluntarily determined
to fubmit to this Law. After this, when; the' fpleinn Prayer of the Lita
nies is faid, he enumerates and explains what are the Duties and Functi^
ons of the Sub-Deacons. When thefe Things are done,, all thofe who
are to be ordained, receive from the Bifhop the Chalice and facred Pat
tens ; and from the Hands of the Arch-Deacon, to1 let- thefn know that
the Sub-Deacon is to affift the Deacon's Office, the Flaggons full of Wine
and Water, together with the Bafon, and Napkin, with "which they
wipe their Hands ; and the Bifhop fays, Tou fee what Minifiry is hereby
committed to you, therefore I admonip you, Jb to behave yourfehyes, as that.
ye may pleafe God. Befides this, they ufe fome other Prayers. ; At laft,
after the Bifhop hath- put the facred Veftments on the Sub-Deacon, at
every one of which proper Words and Ceremonies are ufed, he delivers hirri
the Book of the Epiftles, and fays, Receive the Book of Epi files, and receive
Power to read them in the Holy Church of God, as well for the Living as for
the Dead. In the Ordination of a Deacon the Bifhopufes a greater Num
ber of more folemn Prayers, -and' adds other Ornaments of facred Veft
ments, Befides this, he lays his Hand on hirri, and finally delivers him
the Book of the Gofpels, with thefe Words : Receive Power to fead the
Book of the Gofipel in the Church of God, as well for the Living as for
the Dead, in the Name of the Lord. The Bifhop ordains a Prieft with
thefe Rites. In the firft Place, he, with all the Priefts who are prefent,
lay their Hands on him ; then fitting" the' Veft to his Shoulders,, bp brings
it over on his Breaft in Form of a Crofs ; after this he anoints his Hands
with Holy Oil, and delivers him the Chalice with the Wine, and the
Patten with the Hoft ; faying, Receive Power of offering Sacrifice to God,
and of celebrating Maffes, as well for the Living as for the Dead. At
laft, he lays his Hands agam upon his Head ; faying, Receive the Holy
Ghoft,

The Him? of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 31 9
Ghoft ; .whofe Sins you remit, they pall be remitted to them, and whofe-
jbevef ymi.jretain, they are retained.
Degradation's performed by Words and Ceremonies directly contrary.
We have an Inftance of this in the Book of the Sentences of the Tbo
loufe Inquifition; in pne John Philibert, a Prefbyter, who had joined him
felf to the Valdenfes, and whom by Order of the Pope, the Archbifhop
oi Thouloufe, in the room of the Bifhop of Aux his Diocefan, who was
dead, degraded from all his Orders in the Prefence of the Abbots, and
Prelates, or their Vicars, and delivered over to the Secular Court. For
after he Vwas fet before them in his Sacerdotal' Veftment, they ftripped
him of all his Ornaments, : ufing certain Expreffions. The Chalice and
Patten : We take from you the Chalice and Patten, and ftrip and deprive
you of floe Office and Power of offering Sacrifice to God, and of celebra
ting any Mafs. The Prieff s Veft. : We take from you ihe Prieft' s Habit
or Veft, fince you bdve\deft>ifed to wear the eajy Toke of the. Lord repfefented
by if, and topreferve, the Veft <of Innocence. To this Ceremony there is
another immediately fobjoiried, which was obferved in the Degradation
of one James, a pretended Minorite. After this the Biftiop imme
diately takes out the Anointing, by flightly feraping with a Piece of
G-lafs, fo as not to draw Blood, thofe Places of the Hands' which had
been anointed, drawing the Glafs -from the Right-hand Thumb to
the Left-hand Fore-finger, and then again from the Left-hand Thumb
to the Right-hand Fore-finger, as. is the Manner when the Bifhop
anoints any Perfon for a Prieft. And thus, by taking away all the
Marks of the Priefthood, he is deprived of the Ornaments of the other
Orders. The Surplice. : We take from 'you the Surplice, the Ornament
of the Diaconal Office, fince you have not worn it as the Covering ofGlad-
nefs, rand the Garment ff Sklvationi The Book of the Gofpels : We take
from you the Bookof- the Gofpels, andjlrip and deprive you of the Off ce and
Power of reading in the Church of God. The Diaconal Veft : We take
from you the Diaconal Veft, and firip and deprive you of the Power of
exercifing the Diaconal .Office . The Chalice, Patten, Flaggon, Water,
Baton, and Napkin : We take from you the Chalice, Patten, Flaggon,
Water, Rafon, Napkin, the Infiruments of the Sub-diaconal Office, and
ftrip and deprive you of the Ufe of them. The Sub-Deacon's Tunick :
We take from you the Tunick, the Ornament of the Sub-diaconal Office^
fince you 'have not ufed it to Righteoufnefs and Salvation. The Maniple * ;
* Adanipulus. An Ecclefiaftical Veftment, called alfo the Sudarium, which the Priefts wear on
die left Arm, '
2 We

3 io The Hiftory of the! I N QUI S 1 T I O N.
We take from you the. Maniple, the Ornament of the Sub-diaconal Office^
end we ftrip and deprive you of the Minifiry deftgned thereby. The Book
of the Epiftles : We take frbM you the Book of ' theEpifiles,- and diveffand
deprive you of the ¦_ Power if reading them in the Holy '.Church- of God.
The Candleftick:. We take from you the Caiidlefiick,' and diveft [and de
prive you of the Office of lighting ihe Tapers in the Church. The Flaggon :
We take from you' the Flaggon, that from henceforth you may not ufe if in
ferving up Wine, and Water for ihe Eucharift of the, Blood of Chrift. The
Book of Exorcifms :: We take from you ihi Book ofExorcifms, and de
prive and diveft you. of 'the Power of -laying your Hands upon the Poffeffed',
whether baptized, or Catechumens. The- Book he: received 'when made
Reader : We take from you the Book you received with the Order of Read
ing, and diveft and deprive you of the Power, of reading it any more in
the Holy Church of God. The Keys : -. We take, from you the Keys ofthe
Church, and diveft and deprive you of the Office and Power of keeping the
Things locked up with thofe Keys, and of opening or putting, the Gates of
the Church. By the Authority of Almighty God, Father, Son, and Holy
Spirit, and alfo by the Power committed to us, as aforefaid, in this Affair,
we take from you the Clerical Habit, and depofe, and alfo degrade you, from
allpriefily, and every other Order, and diveft and deprive you of every Cleri
cal Honour, Benefice, and Privilege. And therefore we farther pronounce and
declare to the.noble Perfon, the Lord Guiardo Guido, Senejchal o/'Thouloufe,
here prefent, that he pall receive you, thus degraded, into his Court. How
ever, we earneftly require and befeech him, that he will fo moderate the Sen
tence concerning you, as to prevent the Danger of Death, and maiming of
Limbs. After thefe Things, his Head is fhaved, before the Secular Court
receives him. This fhaving the Head is performed in this manner :
The Bifhop begins to pull out fome few of the Hairs of his Head with
Nippers, after which, the Barber finifhes it with a Razor, fo that there
remains on it no Mark of his Tonfure or Clericate.
After the Degradation is performed, Sentence is pronounced againft
him as a Relapfe ; and he as fuch, altho' penitent, is caft out of the Ec
clefiaftical Court, and delivered to the Secular Arm.. . But they generally
add thisClaufe to fuch Sentences,-by which a Relapfe, or. impenitent He
retick, or any other, is delivered to the Secular Arm. Neverthelefs, we,
effeBually befeech thej'aid Secular Arm, that he will moderate his Sentence
concerning you, fo as to prevent the Effufion -of Blood, and Danger of
Death; according to Cap. Novimus, de verb. flgft. Where, after 'tis
commanded that a Clergyman degraded, fhall be delivered to the Secu-; lar

2f^^Hiftory vf$e IN^U^SI.TJp-N.- 311
Jar Court, 'tis added; .For whom ncvcrthrfeffjfye-fh.ij.rch. ought effcBually to
intercede, that the Sentence maybe moderated^ ,fo as to prevent Danger qf
Death, viz. left the Inquifitors, , when »they,deliver Criminals to the Se-
- cular Judges, fliould feem to confent to the^ffjif^Qpjjpf -Blood, and there
by Become irregular,
., When this Sentence againft a Relapfe is cohpfu^ejcl, the Bifhop and In
quifitor,. don't fhew it to the Criminal, left he, fhould be enraged againft
them ; but they fend tp him certain good tMent,( efpecially Religious, or
Cleiigyijiijn,'* not unacceptable to him, whOjdife/jyer tp him the Sentence
to be Jiro^punced againft him,, and the Degtja to be inflicted. o$j him, tp
confirm?Jrim_in the Faith, to-^hort him to-P^tience, to^cepmpanybirp.
^fter Jjig.^e^tencp, tocon}fpr^hjfn^ and pray y^h hin-yjanci not to de-
-part>|j-amjhim, till he hat^ #?fur ijied his Spirit to his Creator. ,r But}they
inufbdjijligendy take Care, :tha£tb.ey do not fay or do. any thing by which
jtiferrfllrpt^jflf the Relapfed Perfcpfn. rnay ,be flattened, viz. by exhorting him
^vhen^gtlgggned-, to pffer his ;£j£a4it.pl-1 the Executioner, or to go up the
JLadd^ ^p^^fayr [%o: the Hangman fo to ; direct^pjs Sword, as, to ftrike
jpff his, Hpadf at one. Blow, and not at feveral; pr to fay or do, or perfuade
to any Things pf like Kind, by which J}js pteath, would be fooner ef
fected, altho' the fame would ^ h^yq happen^,, ahhp' thefe Words or
-Actions had never been ; b^ufei^p^.rjCpn^ra^jjIjrrjegularity by thefe
.Things. Who woulp^igpjjrj^ejipye th$t-{ thefe Me^.defefted with all thqir
- t^ul .every Effufion^^^fo^ for the con
demned, and- are .fo^^emely-ca^fu)jrr(ot to fay or;do any Thing by
L which their Death,rnay be haft.ened,-L> ,|Iere fome ..think, that fuch Pe
nitent? relapfed, ought to be ^flowed ^clefiafjtijcal Burial, as well as all
^heft, Catholicks. _ But thjs; '§ ggntrary tp^aw^iji^ Qujgm, becaufe the/r
„Pp"dies-;are b>nn^-w^ I^ire^j 3$ this, R^efpc^, -',hc(^tver,,-> they are. dealt
-rnofg favourably with than theHObftina|e;and. (If^pehitent;., jn.as much
* as- ttasfe. latter: are burnt -alive ; whereas.. the .others' are ftrangled before
..,* , * . > j _i w* .. ^_*. - , (Jc  ' ¦" --'111. - Till, -' -Aj i ,' , - k JiVii ._XC? tw. ...,.,
fjrh^j^are, burpt, whichj a$iS\$ancas _f^ysj1)isir^ej^unij^],.^.iejLds to
^§PQ1tftnce,v
t"Hffwi.theiPi.R'OC{i:s& ends .againft an , impenitent HEREiTieK, and
iimpenitefit Re l a ps e .
t„ .If thel accufed Perfpn; be;' an impenitent Heretick, but not relapfed,, he
is keptih; ofofc Imprifonment, and put ip Chains, that he irjay not efcape
^aniMectgcstte j^riotis.&ny.prip.allgwed to cpirjetph^ii, or, to, fpjgak
->.t Ttv . with

311 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
with him, except the Keepers, who muft be good Men, and not fu
fpected concerning the Faith, nor eafy to be deceived. In the mean
while all Methods muft be ufed for his Converfion. So that the Bifhop
and Inquifitor frequently, fometimes both together, fometimes a-part,
muft caufe him to be brought before them, to refute his Opinions, and
perfuade him into the Faith of the Church oi Rome, li he doth not
fubmit to their Information, ten or twelve Perfons are fent to him to
inftruct him, learned Men, Clergymen of different Orders, and Secular
Lawyers, who frequently converfe with him, to fhew him that his Opi
nion is contrary to the Sacred Scripture, and the Decrees of the Church
of Rome. If he is not converted, he is not immediately delivered to the
Secular Arm, tho' he defires it, but is kept in Chains a long while, half
a Year, or a whole one, in a hard and clofe Prifon, that by the Mifery
and Diftrefs of his Imprifonment his Conftancy may be overcome. In
the mean while he is frequently admonifhed, that if he perfifts, he muft
be burnt, and after this Life burn in Hell Fire for ever. But if he is not
moved by this Calamity, he is removed into a fomewhat more comfort
able Prifon, and ufed in a little kinder Manner. They alfo make ufe of
Promifes, that if he will turn, he fhall experience the Mercy of the
Judges. If they can neither prevail with him by this Means, they fuf
fer his Wife and Children, efpecially his little ones, if he hath any, and
his other Relations, to come to him, to break his Refolution and Con
ftancy. But if after all thefe Methods ufed, he perfifts in his Opinion,
the Bifhop and Inquifitor prepare to deliver him over to the Secular
Court.. When therefore the Sermon concerning the Faith is held, the
Inquifitor caufes his Faults and Herefies to be read over by the Notary,
or fome other Clergyman, and then afks him, Whether he will depart
from his Herefies, and abjure them ? If he contents to abjure, he is ad
mitted. ; and having made his Abjuration, he was condemned in the
Times of Eymerick to perpetual Imprifonment, becaufe he was believed
to abjure rather thro' Fear of Death than the Love of Truth. -And if
he was a Clerick, he was degraded from his Orders, by a verbal Degra
dation only, i. e. he was depofed from the Function of his Miniftry.
But if in this Condition he will not repent and abjure his Opinions,
as is commonly the Cafe with fuch Perfons, he is condemned as an ob
ftinate Heretick, and as fuch delivered over to the Secular Court. And
whilft the Secular Court is performing its Duty, fome good Men, and
zealous for the Faith, may attend him, and perfuade him to the Catho
lick Faith, and exhort him as yet to turn from his Errors And 'tis
' v the

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION. 313
the Opinion of Eymerick, that if even then he will be converted, he
may be admitted to Repentance. But Pegna judges it more fafe not t°
receive him by any Means, altho' he promifes a thoufand times his Con
verfion ; both becaufe 'tis provided for by no Law, and becaufe Expe
rience fhews us that Perfons thus received, feldom or never become Good.
If an Heretick impenitent or relapfed be prefent, the Bifhop and In
quifitor, in Prefence of the Magiftrate of the Secular Court, declare him
impenitent, or relapfed, caft him out from the Ecclefiaftical Court, and
leave him to the Secular Arm, or to the Jurifdiction of the Secular
Court. And the Secular Court, which is in that Place, receives him as
one left to their Court and Arm. If he be abfent and fugitive, he is by
Sentence declared impenitent or relapfed, and caft out from the Ecclefi
aftical Court, and left to the Secular Arm ; and whenever the Secular
Court can lay hold of him, he is punifhed as one obnoxious to that
Court, according to the Nature of his Crime.
If the accufed Perfon be an Heretick impenitent and relapfed, all Re
medies are to be made ufe of for his Converfion, and he is clofely and
carefully confined, and no one admitted to him. But he can't efcape
Death. And therefore they exhort him, in as much as he cant avoid
the Punifhment of Death, to confult at leaft the Salvation of his Soul,
to confefs and receive the Sacrament of the Eucharift. Behold the ama
zing Charity of thefe Reverend Fathers, who, when they deliver a peni
tent Criminal to Death, are fo folicitous about the Salvation of his Soul !
But whether he repents or not, he is delivered to the Secular Court, with
a very earneft Entreaty, fo to mitigate their Sentence concerning him,
as to prevent the Effufion of Blood, and Danger of Death.

CHAP. XXV.
How /^Process ends againft a Negative Heretick conviBed.
IF the Perfon accufed be found in Herefy, either by the Evidence of
the Fact, or the legal Production of Witneffes, and yet he doth not
confefs it, but perfifts in the Negative, he is at this Day called a con
victed negative Heretick. An Heretick is alfo judged to be impenitent,
altho' he protefts himfelf to be a Believer, not only when he is con
victed of the Herefy he hath faid, but alfo of any heretical Fact, by
T t 2 which

314 The^Mtorfof'/lJe IN QUI SltlON.
which he may be, judged. to be an Heretick, or Believer > of Hereticks:
ThisLU to be underftood of one' who1 .denies the heretical Faft of ^b$cft
he iriegally convicted; and notpf hifn/who confeffes Bieh%tetical'Factj
buV':deni^s;fheTeyil*;Ifttennoh. -And thefe are1 the Reafohs Mledged'why
fech a Pne 'may be cbndemned as. an impenitent Heretick. ; Becaufe'if thci
Herefy of * fuch a" Negative is fully and legally proved, it appears -to the
Church, that fuch a one is an Heretick; and therefore,- unlefs he'-co'np
fetes and detefts his: Eifri?rs, . he is defervedly ' deliyered: to th&'St'ml&i
Court, as an impenitent Heretick^' :; . Beficles, he who' doth riot fidrriit-'fhe
Errors legally rprq^eci1^^^^ '^ifil' ^6^ ^'t ^tisfy the Ckrircli; tho' he1
protefts that he Kbld:s'th^Tig|ifcFaith, the'Church fifft'deriifthding--SariV
faction f
therefore
becaufe Pardon cf" Sin is gr^
finally, Confeflion is neceffary' tcr^trAie Repentarice, n^'d6i!i0her; d^fefVe1
fo'pbtain Pardon, whotlpjh ttot?$fflome<5ge his Sin ~, '-knd?^herefor4 as
a Negative doth not cPhfpfs 'bis'^rirne^neHs accounted- ajplthpetiitent-
and therefore is defervedly "to be te^'^'tfrcf^Secuiar G<^ft?ncBut before
fuch a Sentence can take place, ^ri's1.1 a^COT^m!"1 to their D&itr«ie, required)
Firft, That the.cPerf,rifbe; cprfyicWeimi' of true s arid Tbrmaf Hetefy1,*
viz.'. faying there is rid '^cfrgatoYy,1 ;"anfl:#6f :of--a; feandalous, rafh,- or- JW
founding- Affertion, and the me'; -of' of Facts" from' which-arife Herefy or
Apoftacy. ; And here there is Need of great Prudence. ' Secondly,- 'Tis
required that the heretical Words, of which a Negative1 is \convkted, be
Certain and clear, and1 riot dubioris or doubtful, capable Of a-dPuble S'efife?
one heretical/ thV other G^
to be interpreted in the beft Senfe, the Catholick Senfe is to be received,
arrd-thg-heretical Senfe rejected: — Thirdly, That one guilty of an Herefy
which he denies, be convicted by legal and proper Witneffes, above all
Exception, and not by Enemies, _ or^fiiwjfeJWitneffes, or others unfit.
Fourthly, That the heretical Fact or Saying, of which the Criminal is
convi^ed|be lately dons/ Junhngf v an, blds^a^ai5,3wbJph^dl&y},Cri^yitial
may be fuppofed likely to have forgot ; becaufe in a Matter done a great
While "ago,, fU'di> PpVgetftilnef} mly foe prefuftneflK Laftly; Tteaf^gT
rive be corivicterdlby W:ftoefte4rfo . have affe^d^thkt heudotih- fo belief
himfelf, iarndthat:-otheb might tb belta^ES tab. ni ?frih,n /id ii gl-tno-j
. Such- a Negative Us. kept dMAardl^on^eatent^^-Milo-Ir-QJi^ ZnM$
y.^' B!*°P> -inqni-fitor^and" others, oftcditifn'tfciajtoon^flied^fp-fcdn^f?;
tm Truth, .'wick the. Hopes of/Mardy <tfijheiMi3 -.arid/the ^Threates ihgstf
'" JU ' U T * being

T/^Hiftory ~pf the' I WJU If ,1 Tfl GOT 3 15-
fctlngideliveted: fo the Secular Court, if hft .perfifts) in the Negative. If
he'ftilLperfifts in the JPen(ial>.th.e Bifhdp^ndllnqbifitor,! either feparate,
or together, privately ietxamiaa the; Witneffes ili^fnifelvf'e,' and by other
good, 'Men, iiid'.kdtoojrifhf.tbem:tb tell chemitherTriithpriviaitely, that
the accufed Perforrraay ndt die unjioftly. ?:, Ifidhfr WfitaBfteis perfiift inthe
Affirmative, and the Party accufed in the, Negative, they are examined
with -. greater Care ;, not that; the Witnefies 'are confronted with the Per
fon; tiieyJticofei,: that -they rriay .'be!, examined : together.'. 'Tis: only, re
commended vto. ihe: Inqmfitdrs ^ PirGBIncp" inrlfearching 'out the
Truth, left it fliould happed that aminriotent Befforv'whp can't .folly de-
fend himfelf, fhould be unjuftly condemned. If any one of the Witneffes
faulters, .or if tHeienreoEhefc^igns^againft him, they !. are taken notice
of, that theTnitfemays be found OuL .-Jlf they are. 'found falfe Witneflesj
or if it bey .retract their oEyidence} ihfi'ijaecufed'Peffon'jis pronduriced and
difmiflfed?as irinpeentj.^and they dierhfelveS'CQriderhneritliO perpetual Ifn-
prffonmeaiv/cand uoftetoitimes^expofed j.-as ' pnblick Spectacle's upon Ladders
before the Gates of certain Churches, and their Lives only riiercifully
fpared them. But if the Witneffes perflft, and the accufed Perfon per-
fifts alfo in the--Negative,- having -been— kept in- Erifon—for— ar-Gompetent
Time, viz. a Year, he is at laft, by the Sentence of the Bifhop and In
quifitor, caft out of the Eqdefipfticajl Court as obftinate and impenitent,
and delivered over to the Secular Arm. So that if it fliould happen that
he -is' accufed by falfe "Witneffes, and is "really 'innocent, the miferable
Wretch, tho' falfly condemned,': isdelivered to. the Power of the Secu
lar Court, to be burnt alive ; nor is itlawful for him, without the Com
miffion of mortal Sin, as the Roman Doctors think, to fave his Life, by
fatDy^cirifefliag arCrimelhe:.hatlih ofcmsswnjBaifcted. a Arid.therefcrelin this
13afe;atho^ ijtnniayi febfci isayj hard' -ttof fiich. anNpgativectd die .when he is
innocent,- and. for; this Rc^fph.he^riay-'pioftibly.believ'cl itlawful for. hirri
toeonfeistheiCri<Enes,.algected.'to hlrir to fave his- Life; iyet 'this is not to
betfoffored fey anny M«aoS^iarid ^therefore: :3tis- the oDutydbf the iDLvines
anS.Confeftbfsp aradab-.^carifdrt) iueh <a"' JNegaoive;'; and: attend ,orx him to
hB,Puniffcmaht,T.to>3pefriha^ihink ioudifeoveij the 'T ruth $ buttp oautiion
him JbyalluMeHns-aaQDifictfaaikim he' hatha not committed,
to a^diaVte^ctfeibDe^h^randtoipntdrina^in Remembrance, that ifhe
dktma%"iendures. this Injury ahdcptoifhTnentj ' he uwilli be/ crowned as -a
Martybjr.viri a:- tb.'jvb v/i -'ilmiA sir; -pill t"-ni."tlnoo 3ilj no ; a ''f3ri
i <'Gafimt\t>hierkes, thatrtfifotnjefimb^ happens',' -fhatna^ rfegsbhse ' Heretick,
pvEn .over by the ¦.In^Mih^'jm'-th^e'&evtdai ,^frf$|<iites.and:'3hailefjge&
bio' them

3 ir5 The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION.
'hem to the Valley of Jehbfiaphat, or the Tribunal of God. But if «
appears to the Judge that he hath proceeded juftly in the Condemnation
of a negative Heretick, he ought not to be afraid of his Citation. But
if the Judge fhould not be certain of the Juftice of his Sentence, but
perceived any Difturbance in his .Mind when. he pronounced it, then tis
his Duty more maturely to enquire into all Circumftances, that the former
Sentence may be either revoked or confirmed. In the mean while they
fay, that if fuch Citation and Appellation be made not thro' Hatred and
Revenge, but with a good Defign, that his Innocence may appear, and
his Family be preferved from Infamy, it is lawful.
In order to give our Readers fome Recefs from thefe calamitous me
lancholy Difcourfes, we have judged it neceffary to infert a few Relations,
which tho' not placed in Chronological Order (becaufe we cannot afcer-
tain the Time of '. their Tranfactibn) yet deferve Credit, in as much as
they were penn'd by a Judge-Delegate of theTnquifition, now a Convert
to the Church of England.

RELATION I.
In the City of Orfimo, in ihe Neighbourhood of 'Loretto, an old Lady was
forced to accufe herfelf, her Niece, and her Maid, on the following Oc
cafion, to the Court of Inquifition... '
rH E eldeft Lady having been to confefs her Sins, was told by her
Father Confeffor, he could not give her Abfolution, becaufe of
fome fuperftitious Practices fhe had declared, that are always referved to
the Tribunal and Court of the Inquifition ; fo that no Prieft can abfolve
from them. She was then exhorted by him to go and prefent herfelf
willingly, and of her own accord, to fome of the Judges of the fame In
quifition, and tp tell them plainly and fincerely whatever fhe had done,
without any Fear ; for the Inquifition (as it is true) never punifhes, nor
treats them with Severity, that go and voluntarily accufe themfelves of
what Sins foever.they have committed, be they never fo great, or never io
heinous ; on the contrary, they are kindly received, and privately and
fecretly difpatchedv only with fome falutary Penance ; fuch as the Recital
of ibme Prayers or Pfalms, fome Abftinen.ee, Fafting>and the like. The old

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 317
old Lady went and told the youngeft, who was her Niece, and their
Maid (both of them her Partners and Companions in the fame fuperfti
tious Crime) what the Father Confeffor had advifed her to do : So to
prevent the Danger of being perhaps accufed by others, they all three re-
folved to come together, and receive the Impunity, by accufing them
felves. They came foon after to the Inquifition, and each of them was heard
apart. We begun with the old Lady, whole voluntary Accufation the
Chancellor writ down after the ufual and authentical Form ; and it Was,
as far as I can now remember, as follows :
Sir,
Having been taught, fome time ago, by an old Woman, our Neighbour,
who is now dead, a certain Way of getting Money, or finding a Trea-
Jure, I was curious to make an Experiment of it : But now I hear by
my Father Confeffor, that fuch a thing does belong to the Inquifition ; where
fore I come now to difcharge my Confcience thereupon. What I was told
by the. faid old Woman is, that a young Maid, or Virgin, pould fafi for
nine Weeks together, three times a Week, to the Honour of the Indian King ;
that -during all this while pe pould never name the Names of God, Jefus,
and tbe Bleffed Virgin ; that pe was to take once a Week the Holy Sacra
ment to the Honour, as I faid before, ofthe Indian King, or Emperor. Then
after ~the nine Weeks were expired, the fame young Virgin, or Maid, pould
make ready a Room, where no PiBures or Images at all pould be found, but-
only a new Table, a new Chair, a new Candlefiick, and new Linen to overfpread
the Table withal. In this Room, Jaid foe, fo made ready, was the young Maid,
at the End of the nine Weeks, to wait alone, drefi in White, for the coming
of the Indian King, who pould then certainly appear with a great Purje
full of Gold in his Hands ; and to whom the young Maid was to fay nothing
elfe, but, Welcome the Indian King ; welcome the Indian Emperor.
After which, this Indian King would fur elf leave on the Table his great
Purfe of Gold, and difappear. This is, Sir, what the old Woman told me,
and I was fo filly as to be willing to make an Experiment thereof . I ac
quainted my Niece, who lives. with me, with the whole Story, and we got our
Maid, who is a young Woman unmarried, to do and perform all the things
above-mentioned, but we never flaw nor heard any thing ofthe Indian King ;
fo that I thought within myfelf, I had been impofed upon, and went to con
fefs my Sins, and this in particular, which I pray God tofforgive me, and
bumbly beg from this Tribunal the Abfolution of it.
Then

3 18 The miUfpef ttex I MC&'OT 5 1 T;TO N:
Then fhe was afked, Whether -fhe taught at any i time any -body to do,
or- knew any Perfon befides her.' Niece and Maid, ^who ever -had done
and practifed fech fuperftitious Things r Tonwhich fhe anfwered, <Nq;
Sir; neither did I teach any one, nor did., I ever iknow that any ftpdy elfe
has praBifed fuch: <Things-. .She was alfo afked, tWhetherfhe believed in
her Heart, that it was lawful. to do fuch Things ? and anfwered; -.No,
Sir ; I' don't believe it. b: Thus' > having rcbjn&rmed her voluntary Con
feflion," by the vyriting beneath of her 'own Name, fhe was fent. away
with-afPreqept to appear before the Inquifition, as often as it fhould be
thought fit, or fhe fliould be called. L z.-. /aaaa...- v;cii ao 1 m a! ?<:
After the old Lady was gone, her Niece came in, and told the fame in
Subftance, that her Aunt had faid. Laft of all, the Maid alfo^came in,
^nd related whatever "fhe had^.dppe- in hopes. of getting Money, having
been, inftructed fo to do by her Mjftre^s ; fo both of them were fent away
ifor that time, after the fame man^ar as jtjje old-Lady was, ,. .- ...,v
-". A few Days after, they werp-alj -fltree together -called again to, the In
quifition, for the Abfolution, ',and\ Ending, of their 'Affairs. ./Firft they
wefo ordered to make" a private Abjuration of the Errors of which -they
had rendered thernfelves fufpected : Namely, forv,a vehement Sufpicion,
becaufe of ; their deliberate Abufe, Injury,and Contempt of the- Ecclefia-
ilical Faftings and Sacraments, asyw^l^as, pf the Names _ of Almighty GocJ,
Jefus Chrift, and tiie'"BleffedHyirgin>{^e^pr^wil^"a^.,forts ofr Images,.;
and all this to .the Honour .of the Ejevrl,yUnder the J^ame oi.ih^J^^a^
King and Eriiperor.W^-^r^-' i ¦-... ,— ;-..'• A c; :• r\ -\. v. 'hr--. '"
The Form, of the,. Abjuration commonly ufed in the Court ofthe In
quifition. in Italy, is fas follows, or fomething like it. \. .^.,.. ,;]/,, ,._
7 N. N. having rendered my [elf, vehemgnth fufpeBed of Herefy to this
Holy Tribunal, by. doing or faying fucba-ndjuch afjfing or, things^ do now
acknowledge my Fault, and make the Abjuration qf[-all the Errors- in gene
ral, ^againfi the Roman Catholick Faithfand Refigion, but efpecially thofe
I rendered myjelf 'fufpeBed .of. by fq.'and fordoing,- or fo and fo faying,; and
do earneftly prdpof'e mid '.promife never -to dp, P^:ffy,%Ji^b^hwgS- any more
thrd*. all. my Life, but rather,: to believe, always wk^.fh^-^^^ith ai\i
Religion 'do teach, us.;. and .to do'^andjfi^-^l^ay^^acfor^ing^^, fy may
God help me, 'and this his, Holy Gofpel.^ . .^v. vAa \;a a.wva '.<; A~»
" a &'.,tt av , Va, ff tv;x\\lS,! 1 ;¦ ,-V ' - v!a > ,A
Here the Holy 'Bible, or any other .Bopk,' where the, Gofpel is writ
ten or printed, is prefented, which the Perfons' making their Abjurations, are

r^'Hiftory of the. INQUISITION. 319
are' to lay their Hands' upon,' and fwear to be faithful and fincere in what
ever, they fay and promife.
The Form of the Abjuration is commonly read by the Chancellor of
the Inquifition, ftanding before the General Inquifitor, fitting in a Chair,
and the Perfons making their Abjurations are to repeat it aloud, kneel
ing upon their Knees. . \o i<.
Thus each of the Ladies, as well as the Maid, having made their Ab
jurations apart, each of them likewife apart was abfolved from the Ex
communication, which they think any Perfon does incur, as foon and as
often as fuch a Perfon does, pr fays, any thing againft Faith and Reli
gion. The Formality commonly ufed in fuch Abfolution, is this : The
Perfon fuppofed to be excofnmunicated,' is kneeling in the Place where
they are, and the Inquifitor or his Vicar fitting upon a Chair, and hold
ing in his Hands a long Rod, and beating with it on the Shoulders of
the. excommunicated Perfon, fays the following Words : By the Autho
rity befiowed upon me with my Office j. I .do abfolve thee from the Excom
munication referved to this Holy Tribunal, in the Name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghoft, Amen.
Laflly, for a falutary Penance, the two Ladies and their Maid were
enjoined, that for a whole Year each of them fhould, to the Honour of
God, -faft every Friday, and receive the Holy Sacrament. every firft Sun
day oi the Month, and, that; every Morning, as foon, as they fhould
awake, they fhould repeat thefe. Words : Bleffed and praifed for ever be
the Names of the Lord our God, of his Son jefus Chrift, and ofthe Bleffed
Virgin ; and then they were fent away.

RELATION II.
By the fame Hand.
'HE High Court ofthe Inquifition at Rome having fent circular
Letters to all the General Inquifitors, with ftrict Orders to do all
Endeavours to catch and arreft, if they cduld, a certain Clergyman, whofe
Name was fpecified in the faid Letters, who was impeached in the Court
of the Inquifition to have publickly taught at Venice erroneous Doctrines,
hay, open Herefies, my General Inquifitor fent me a Copy of the afore
faid Letters, .earneftly ^enjoining me, that I fhould with the utmoft Care
'<¦'•• U u endeavour

?3o The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
endeavour to execute the Orders oi Rome, and that fo much the more, be
caufe the faid Clergyman, who had fuddenly difappeared from Venice^,
made himfelf of my Diocefe, and of the City of Orfimo. But becaufe
it was fuppofed fuch a Man might very likely have changed his Name;
the High Court of the Inquifition did therefore make in their Letters an
exact and full Defcription of his Perfon, viz. that he was of fuch and
fuch a Stature, Age, Complexion, and the like ; amongft all which Par
ticulars I do ftill very well remember thefe, that he always wore a long
black Gown, fuch as moft of the Priefts are ufed to wear in the Cities of
Italy ;- and befides, that he was of a pale, lean, and grave Counte
nance. I thought myfelf obliged to do whatever I could in. fetch a Cafe;, and
accordingly I did. Firft of all I fent for the Regifter-Books of all the
Parifh Churches of Orfimo, to fee whether I could perhaps find in any
of them the Name of the Man. The Books were prefently brought to
the Chamber of the Inquifition ; for when it is a Queftion in Italy, efpe
cially in the State of the Pope,, of obeying and ferving the Inquifition, all
forts of Perfons of what Station foever, are always in a Readinefs, and
dare never refufe to do whatever they are ordered at any time. I looked
overall the Regifters, but could meet with no fuch Name"' as was ex-
preffed in the Letters from Rome. Then I fent for the Ordination .Book,
wherein the Names of all the Clergymen ordained at Orfimo were fet
down, but to no purpofe; fo that I began to believe that this Man was
neither born, nor ordained at Orfimo, or had taken fome feigned Name.
At laft I affembled together all the Signori Patentati, and caufed the
Letters and Orders of the High Court of the Inquifition to be read to
them by the Chancellor, defiring them all if they had,, or fhould ever
happen to have, Notice of the Man mentioned in the faid Letters, to let
me know it. Notwithftanding all the Care I had taken, it was a whole
Year before I could get any Intelligence of the Matter, when one ofthe Sig
nori Patentati came to me one Morning in great Hafte, faying, I remem~
ber, Sir, the Tenor of that Letter of Rome, which you ordered to be read to
us a Year ago; and this Morning, whilft I was in the Market-place, I
faw a Man, in whomT think,., all the Marks and Tokens inentipned'hy
the Letter do concur, wherefore I am come to., difcharge. my Confcience,
and acquaint the Court of Inquifition with it.
Upon this I fent for our Mandatario, and ordered him to bring the
Man, if poffible, by fair Means (fince we knew not yet who he, was.)
Mean, white;, the Fifcal and the. Chancellor were fent for, who cam* yery

The Hiftory *///*? INQUISITION. 331
very quickly to me, and almoft at the fame time the Man was brought
before us. We looked at him with the utmoft Attention, and comparing
his Perfon with the Defcription given in the Letter, we concluded that in
all probability he might be the Man we wanted. I refolved therefore to
fend an Information in Writing to the General Inquifitor, and wait for
his Orders, what to do in that Matter. The Book of the Holy Gofpel
was then prefented to him, and he was bid to fwear by laying his Hand
on the Book, to tell Truth in whatever fhould be afked of him ; which
being done, the Chancellor began after the ufual Manner, and afked,
What was his Name ? which the Town of his Nativity f and of what Pro"
feffion, or Station, he was in the World ? To which he anfwered, Sir, my
Name is N. N. / was born in a Town called N. not very far from this
Place ; and my Bufinefs is tbe Curacy of a little Place near the fame Town
wherein I was born.
Afked. Whether he had always lived in the Town of his Birth, or there
about f
Anfwered. No, Sir, I was a travelling for feveral Years.
Afked. Which were the Places, Towns, or Cities, where he had been,
during his Travels ?
Anfwered. I was, Sir, in fuch and fuch Towns and Cities. (Here, amongft
the reft, he faid he had been at Venice.)
Afked. In what Tear he was at Venice ? how long he was there ? and
what his Bufinefs was there ?
Anfwered. I went, Sir, to Venice, in Jiich a Tear, (which was juft the
Time fpecified in the Letter of the High Court of Inquifition) and I
was therefor two or three Tears, teaching and keeping a little Grammar
School for Children.
Now fince the Place, Time, and Bufinefs, did exactly agree with thofe
Letters from Rome, we begun all to fufpect very much he was the very
Perfon ; but becaufe the Circumftance of being pale and lean feemed
not to be anfwered, he being then pretty plump, he was therefore
Afked, How he did like the City of 'Venice ? And he
Anfwered, Sir, I did always like it very well in all RefpeBs, but tbe
Air and Climate did never agree with me, for all the time I lived there,
I was troubled with fome Indifpofition, which reduced me to a very poor
Look, and weakly Condition, and obliged me at laft to leave Venice.
Then we remained quite convinced he was the Man defcribed in the
Letters from Rome ; fo he was bid to confirm all his Anfwers by writing
underneath his own Name, which he did, and was fent to fafe Cuftody.
U u z I then

3 3 1 77* Hiftory of the IN QU I SIT I O N.
I then immediately difpatched a Letter to the General Inquifitor, with
a particular Account of the whole Proceeding ; to which! received ah
Anfwer the fame Evening,., wherein the General Inquifitor ordered me to
examine the Man more ftrictly, and caufe him to relate the whole Series
of his Life, in order to find whether he was a learned Perfon,. fuch as
the Man was fuppofed to be, whom they had defcribed.
The next Morning therefore, the poor Country Curate was brought to
me again, who was fhaking and trembling all over, which gave all that
were prefent great Sufpicion. But we remained quite furprized, when
having been bid to fwear, as he had done before, to. tell Truth in all his
Anfwers, he would not ftir to do it, but only anfwered, Quod dixi, dixi ;
quod fcripfi, fcripfi : What I faid, I faid ; what I writ, I writ. He
was bid to confider where he was, viz. before the Tribunal and Judge of
the Inquifition, whom he was in Confcience obliged, to obey1; -and that
the fame judge might force him by Torments,, to what he dufft refufe
to do by fair Means; but all the Anfwer he would make, was nothing
but, Quod dixi, dixi; quod fcripfi, fcripfi ; which he pronounced always
trembling : Thereupon I fent another Exprefs to the General. Inquifitor,
acquainting him with this odd Story ; who fent Word, I fhould bring-to
him, as foon as I could, the fpeechlefs and wliim'fical Curate, that he would
find out Means of making him fpeak, and do whatihe ought tp do. ?-.;
So the poor Country Curate,' his Hands being tied behind his Back,
was carried on Horfe-back with great Solemnity, furrounded by all the
Signori Patentati, and their Servants, in a Cavalcade, I being at the
Head of them, from Orfimo to Ancona, where the. GeneraLInquifitbr
refided. Here he exerted all his Cunning, and Cruelty, to make the. poor
Curate fpeak, but to no purpofe, till at laft he was found to have turned
mad, and at- the fame time was difcovered. to be innocent'; for we heard
from other Inquifitors, that the true Perfon, that was indeed guilty, had
been- lately arretted, and taken up in fome other Place. This was the
End of the pitiful Cafe of the poor Country Curate, who was; finally fet
at Liberty, and declared innocent by the General Inquifitor. ;. What be
came of him afterwards, I never heard. 'Hence we. may ajl learn and
obferve, Firft, what a mere Fear can caufe us" fometimes to do, fince it
was able to turn this poor Man's Brain. Secondly, How eafily does hu
man Judgment miftake,, and how often do >Men ¦ condemn fuch a one as
guilty of a Crime, who- yet is in, ihe Eyes- of God -'innocent, and clear
from it. a J RELA-

ThemiloiJ of rher I N QU I SI TUQflSC 3 3 3

RELATION III.
By the fame' Hand.
ANother Cafe that happened whilft I was Vicar of the Inquifitidri
at Orfimo feems to me fo extraordinary, that I think' this only may
feflice to make all People of good Senfe, highly to deteft 'and abhor the
unnatural ~way of proceeding of the' Inquifition. - They oblige eveiy bo
dy, Men. and Women, of what Age or Condition foever they be,; with
out Exception, under the moft- fevere Penalties, amongft which is the
Excommunication to be incurred ipfbfaBo, ii they happen to know any
Perfon that ever did, or faid, even the leaft thing againft the Roman Faith,
to declare it by way of Denunciation to the Inquifition-, be fuch Perfori
riever fo dear a Friend', jrieve-r fo near Relation to them, and -thatt without
keeping the Wife arid Chriftian Moderation, which our Saviour teaches
us in his Gofpel, of correcting and telling them afide once, of twice, be
fore we go and tell it the Church. No, the Church of Rome will have
aJl fuch Perfons immediately impeached in the Court pf Inquifition;
without any regard to the Gofpel < .So that ?ri the faid Church a Father
can never truft his oWn Children, 'ridf a Hufband his Wife.-L
Vl' A poor -Miller then, according-to1 this inhuman Maxirri, was accufed
to the Inquifition by his own Wife, on feveral Heads. Firft, Of having faid
fomething againft the Almighty Power of God ; for lofing two or three of
his Children in a very fhort time, he faid, that God could never do worfe
to1 hirri.' "Secondly, Of defpifing holy -Images arid' Medals ;- becaufe fhe"
having fome time fhewed him one of fuch Medals, which a Child, of
his, lately dead', was ufed to wear at his Neck, he flung it in a great
Paflion tothe Ground.
Here the Reader muft be acquainted, that thefe Medals, which are
commonly Brafs, ''and of' the- Bignefs of a' Shilling, have' always on both
Sides of them* the ;Image of forri'e Saint ;. and "the Roman Catholicks are
fo fuperftitious as to wear them, 'hung either at their Necks or at their
Beads, believing they fhall be, in- the Courfe of their Lives, protected bj/
thofe Saints whofe Images' are printed 'on their Medals ; nay, even* to ob
tain by wearing them1, the^foil and plenary Indulgence of their Sins, at
the Point' of Death. '' So this Was the fecond Head the poor Miller was
accufed upon by his Wife-. ¦ The; third arid laft was againft the Imrfior-
" r of ouf Souls-; G.for ; the ; fold- Millet - had 4>een heard to fay, I think all

334 The Hiftory <?//&? INQUISITION.
all our Preachers tell us fo many great things of our Souls only to affright
us ; for I have feen feveral Perfons dying, who after their laft Breath left
nothing behind them.
This was in Subftance what the Miller's Wife faid in her Denuncia
tion againft him. The Witneffes alledged by her were examined, and
told almoft the fame fhe had done; but being afked about the Character
of her Hufband, they faid, he was, as far as they knew, a very honeft
Chriftian, and a religious Man ; in particular they all agreed, that he
had always fhewed an efpecial Affection and Devotion towards the Souls
that are fuffering (according to the Roman Belief) in Purgatory, for he
was often giving Alms, in order to caufe fome Maffes to be faid for their
Relief, and he was oftentimes hearing them himfelf to the fame End.
They faid alfo all of them, without being afked, about his Wife, that fhe
was very jealous of him, and not ap extraordinary good Woman.
I was indeed very- unwilling to proceed againft this' poor Man, feeing,
J thought, by what the Witneffes had faid, 'twas evident, that whatever
he had faid or done, was rather the Effect of fome Paffion, or Ignorance,
than of Malice, or want of a Chriftian and true Belief; yet notwithftand
ing all this, the General Inquifijor ordered me to purfue the Caufe, and
to arreft the Miller. So accordingly, the Order for apprehending him
was writ, as it is ufual, by the Chancellor of the Court of Inquifition,
and given to the Barigello of the fame Court, who went and carried the
poor Miller to Prifon.
He was afterwards examined feveral times, untill he plainly avowed
whatever he had been impeached of. Now we muft here take^ Notice
of one thing, which is very particular, and proper to the Inquifition. In
all other Courts, when a Perfon has confeffed the Crime, then nothing
elfe remains but Sentence and Condemnation. But in the Inquifition 'tis
not fo ; for after any one has avowed what he has faid or done, they
go farther, and are willing to know his Heart, viz. whether he believes
or no fuch things that he did or faid. And becaufe they think no body
that believes it would be fo filly as to tell it, therefore all they that have
confefled the Crimes whereof they, are accufed in the Court of Inquifi
tion, and then fay, that they don't believe in their Hearts according to
tbe faid Crimes, are commonly put to the Rack, in order to try by that
Means, whether they are fincere, and fay true, or not.
So the poor Miller, after having plainly avowed what his Wife had
impeached him of, was in particular (as they always do before the Rack)
examined about his Belief. As to the firft Head he faid, That he cer
tainly

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I ON. 3 3 s
tainly believed, that God was of an Almighty Power, and that he could1
do every thing that could be done ; but that he was fo vexed, and con
cerned for the Death of his Children, that his Grief made him then
think and fay, that nothing worfe could happen, or could be done to
him, than that. As to the flinging the Medal to the Ground, he ia\d\
He believed whatever the Rom a wCathollck Church does teach about holy
Images and Medals, and that he flung not the Medal out of any Con
tempt of the fame, nor of any Saint, nor, Image, but becaufe that Medal,
which one of his beloved Children was wont to wear about his Neck,
put him in Mind of his Death, and renewed thereby his Grief and Af
fliction ; and- therefore his Wife having fhewed him fuch a Medal (a9
fhe was. ufed to do, on purpofe to vex him) without confidering what it
was, he flung it down, only in fpite of his Wife.
Laflly, concerning the principal Point, having been- afked, Whethei?
he believed what Preachers commonly fay about the Soul, viz. that it is
immortal, and never dies, and that.it is to be either eternally happy with
God and his Holy Angels in Heaven, or everlaftingly miferable with the
Devils in Hell? whether^I fay, he believed all this was not true, and
that our Preachers only fay fo to affright us ? he anfwered, Sir, I don't
believe it with my Heart, but fometimes only with my Mindi
Being afked, what he meant by believing with his Heart, and believing;
with his Mind, he could never give a better Anfwer, but always re
ply'd, that with his Heart he truly and indeed believed that our Souls
never die ; that they are immortal, and go either to Heaven or Hell for
ever ; but with his Mind fometimes he was believing the contrary. He
was a very ignorant Fellow, who could never exprefs himfelf better. He
furely meant, by believing with his Mind, the Thoughts that fometimes
creep into the Mind of every good Chriftian, without any Confent to the
fame, fince he affirmed ftedfaftly,. that our Souls are immortal,, but
thro' Ignorance, he was uncapable to explain himfelf better. Thus the
poor ignorant Miller was a long while in a Prifon, waiting from the High.
Court of Inquifition oi Rome, to whom the General Inquifitor had fent
an Information of the Cafe, for his laft and definitive Sentence. I pity'd
him. very much,, becaufe of his Ignorance, and becaufe he had fome
Children, which in his Abfence wanted Bread ; and therefore I did what-.
ever I could to put a fpeedy and favourable End to his Caufe. I fent for
the. Advocate of the Inquifition, who is called, as I faid before, Avocata
deRei, He was a very good Civilian, and upon this Occafion made a
noble, and excellent Writing in Defence of the poor Miller, which I fent tOr

3 3 6 The Hiftory : of fhr I NO. U I S I T I O NV
lo the Inquifitor-General, but all tp no purpofe ; for after 'many Weeks
there came at laft the Sentence, orthe Decree oi Rome; which is to. this
Effect: . .. .... :.
, Let the Man be racked about his Intention and Belief -,:and' if he gives
Chriftian and. Catholick Anfwers about; if, let himfirjh be. obliged. to make
Abjuration de vehemeriti, and'.tben* be 'condemned to Imprifonment, until
the High Court, of Inquifition pleafe to' fet him at Liberty. I was extremely
forry at fuch a Sentence, and being very unwilling to execute it, I de-
fired the Inquifitor-General, under the; Pretence that he had in the. Place
of his Refidence better Conveniences for. thefe kiridiof Op€raticms,'that
. the Man fhould be conveyed to him, iwhich' he- ordered me. to da:;. and
fo he was carried after, the fame manner, as' I faid before of the;Cotmtry.
Curate, to Ancona, where he was racked, according to the decree oiRome,
and having anfwered juft. as he had done before, he was caufed to make
a. publick Abjuration, and then was kept above twelve Months in a ftrict
Prifon, .before tie. could get his Liberty.

CHAP. XKVI. r _
¦How the Process ends againfi a Fugitive H^reti c ki
IF the accufed Perfon be a Fugitive, after he is waited for a compe
tent Time, he is cited by the Bifhop or Inquifitor, in the Cathedral
Church of that Diocefe where he hath offended, and in other Churches
of that Place where he lived, and particularly frorrr whence he made his
Efeape, perforial'ly to appear on a certain Day in. fuch a Cathedral Church
of fuch.a Diocefe, there to hear, upon a certain Hour, his definitive "Sen
tence before them, to which they add, whether he appears or not, thai
they will proceed againft him to a definitive Sentence, as Law arid
Juftice require. This. Citation is fixed upon the Gates of the Cathkdral
Church. .In this Citation forrie Delay V granted,-^, of thirty Days,
and that is peremptory, fo that this fingle one ferves for three, in whicfr
the Criminal is cited to all and fingular the Proceedings of his Trial.'
If the Criminal doth not appear, his Contumacy is complained of in
the feveral Terms of the Edifr and the Fifcal of the Inquifition puts in
his Bill of Accufation, after which the Procefs is carried on according td
Courfe

The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I TI 0 N. 3 ?7
Courfe of Law, obferving the Cuftom and Laws of the Holy Office.
When all this is finifhed, if the Grime really appears, Sentence is pro
nounced againft the Criminal whenever the Procefs is rightfully and le
gally determined. If he hath been informed againft for Herefy, he is
deelafedan obftinate Heretick, andasfoch left to the Secular Arm. If
informed againft as one fufpected of Herefy, and if excommunicated
becaufe he would not appear, and if remaining under the Sentence of
Excommunication for a Year, he is not pronounced an Heretick, but
condemned as tho* he was one. But if upon the Expiration of the Year
he appears, he is heard as far as relates to the excufing his Crime, and
teftifying his Innocence ; but not in order to recover his Effects, ualefg
he can make his Innocence, or fome other juft Impediment, legally ar*-
pear. If he is in Sacred Orders, he is firft degraded, by a verbal De
gradation only, becaufe he cannot be actually degraded, in as much aa
he is abfent. But Eymerick thinks, that the Perfon, thus degraded, i$
not to be left to the Secular Arm, but that if he will repent, he may
freely, and without the Queftion, be admitted to Mercy and Abjura
tion. And left the Sentence againft Fugitives may feem to be pronounced in
vain, 'tis ufually publifhed before all the People, and the Image, or, as
they commonly call it, the Statue of the abfent Perfon is publickly pro
duced, on which there is a Superfeription fixed, containing the Name
and Sirname of the abfent obftinate Perfon who is condemned, which.
Statue is delivered to the Secular Power, on which he executes the Sen
tence and Penalty of Burning, as he would do upon the abfent Perfon
himfelf, if he were prefent, unlefs he would turn, or upon a Perfon
otherwife relapfed. Thus, as Lewis a Paramo tells us, the Statue of
Sigifmond Malatefia was burnt at the Gates of St. Peter ; and the Statue
oi Luther, after he had been cited, and did not appear, was alfo burnt,
together with his Books, at the Command of Leo X. by the Bifhop of
Afcoli, and Silvefier Prieriates.
When this Cuftom of burning the Statues of abfent Criminals began,
is uncertain. Pegna believes it not to be very ancient, becaufe neither
Eymerick, who with great Diligence hath treated of every Thing re
lating to Practice in this Crime, nor any other of the Ancients, whor
have written of the Order of proceeding againft Hereticks, have men
tioned this Cuftom j nor is there to be found any fingle Trace of it in
the Vatican Copy, nor in that of the moft illuftrious Cardinal Sirletto,
where there are many Things, and even the moft minute Things con-
X x cerning

338 The Hiftory, of the I N QU I S IT: I O N. :
cerning the Method of judging and punifhing Hereticks-. But yet he
thinks it very commendable, and properto ftrike Terror, and therefore
altogether fit to be ufed.

CHAP. XXVII.
Of the Method of proceeding againft, the Dead,
: 'n . r, '
PROCESS is alfo carried on againft the Dead for the Crifne of He
refy. Now it may happen feveral ways that a Perfon may be judged
an Heretick after Death. Firft, If before his Death thelnqriifition a-
gainft him was begun, and his Crime appeared either by his i own Con
feffion, or the Evidence of the Fact, or the legal Proof pf Witneffes, and
the Criminal dies before the Procefs is ended, either cpnfefled. 'and impe-,
nitent, or negative, or, relapfedi -.-_ S^cpridly, If being in Prifon for. Herefy.
he kills himfelf; for by thus deftroying hinifelf be feems to confefs the
Crime. Thirdly, If, tho' when alive his Herefy did not appear, and
he was not accufed of it, yet, if after h;s Death -it at any time, appears
that he died an Heretick, either by the Depofitions and Atteftatipns of
others, or by Facts, or Deeds, or Bopks.compofed by him, or by any other
legal Reafons. This Procefs is carried on agajnft the Dead before thisTri'
bunal, chiefly for thefe three Ends ; that their Memory may be condemn
ed; that the Heirs ofthe Dead, or any other Poffeflorsof their Effects,
may bedeprived pf (thejnby0the Fifcal'; arid, finally, 3 that the, dead Bo
dies maybe taken up, caft out of Holy Ground, and burnt; as tis iettir-,
mined by the firft Inftruction oi Seville, An. 1484.-/^., 20.
This Actjon againft the Dead, when carried, -on in order to, the Con
fifcation of their Effects, is faid to laft for forty Years. Thu§.'tisvdeter-
miried, Cap. 2. SeB. 1. de prajcript. I. 6. That the Effects of depeafed
Hereticks fhall be the Catholick C;hUd;rens and Heir? by. Brefctiption/ at
the: End of forty Years^ifrfo be they have f o&ffed; them bona fideisj'thQ
fame is determined, jay; th^ Inftruction oi Seville,; tAn\ $4$4.r-£ap>:20-
Now the Children and-jHeirs of , the Depeafed fhall; then be. faid re-hive
poffeffed his Efie&s bondfith when, afthe Timepf hfs Deathjand for
the whole Space of forty YpaiSj theyhave believed and underftood that
the Perfon deceafed -died a, Catholick. ; But, ;i,f1wij;h(n! thefe ''forty .Years
they have at any time been-pinfor^ed .that ,he die4 aa'Hefeti^tjh^?
" "a ° "' fhall

The Hiftory of the IN QUI S I T ION. 339
fhall never plead Prefcription, becaufe from that time they began to be
in mala fi'de; and if therefore they have been thus in Poffeflion of them,
mala fide,- the Fifcal of the Office of the Inquifition fhall feize on fuch
Effects even after forty Years. As to what regards to Condemnation of
the MamPry of the Dead, fuch an Action is never hindered or deter
mined by any Intervals of Time: For even when forty Years and more
are elapfed, the Inquifitors may, when ever tis difcovered and legally
proved that one died an Heretick, carry on an Action againft him to con
demn his Memory, and declare him to have died excommunicated, and
to forbid any one from praying for him, and to dig up his Bones, if pof
fible, that they may be burnt ; for he with whom 'tis not lawful to have
any Communication when alive 'tis neither lawful to have it with him
when he is dead. But altho' the Children efcape this Confifcation of
their Eftates, if they have been in Poffeflion of them, bona fide, for forty
Years, they incur however the other Penalties which the Laws have de
creed to the -Children of the condemned, viz. Infamy, and Incapacity for
all publick Offices and Benefices.
Formerly a Father was prefumed to die in Herefy, when fick on his
Bed, he defired Confolation from any one of the Albigenfes, by Impofi-
tion of -Hands. And therefore 'twas cuftomary for Children, to prevent
their being excluded from their Patrimony, to object, that their Parents
were not in their Senfes when they defired that Confolation. Hence arofe
a Queftion, Whether fuch an Excufe ought to be admitted ?
'Tis decided, cap. Filiifde haeret.l. 6. The Children, or Heirs qf thofe, who
when ontheirDeath-bedshave defir dHereticksto comfort them, that they might
receive the Confolation from them by Impofition- qf Hands, according to their
moft wicked Cuftom, and thus go the Way of all Flejh, ought not to be ad
mitted to prove, that Jiich deceafed Perfons received this Confolation, or
more truly this Deflation, when they were not of a found Mind, or after
they loft their Speech, fince, as 'tis faid, 'tis their Cuftom never to confole
Juch a one who is not in his Senfes, and hath not his ordinary Memory, if
whilft. they lived they were defamed for Herefy, or fufpeBedi or if it legally
appears that, being in their Senfes, they defired fuch Hereticks. In other
Cafes the'aforefaid Children, or Heirs, may be admitted to prove the Premifes,
not by their Wives, Children, Acquaintance, or any that belong to them, but
by other Witneffes worthy of Credit^ and efpecially by Perfons zealous for
the Faith.
Here there is a double Method of excufing fiich Perfons propofed.
Firft, If it be proved " that the < deceafed Perfon, when, * alive, was not
- X x 2 fufpected

340 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
fufpected or defamed of Herefy, but lived7 in good Repute, and received
the Sacraments of the Church after a Chriftian Manner, at proper Times,
and performed other Things which are ufually done by true ^nd Catho
lick Chriftians. Secondly, If it can be ffrewn that he was not of a found
Mind, when he defired the Confolation of Hereticks ; which muft be done
one of thefe two Ways : Either by fhe wing, that he was at a certain Time
mad, and that tis to be prefumed that he committed the Crime whilft
the Madnefs lafted, and during the Time of fuch Madnefs ; and in this
Cafe the Fifcal or Judge, if he proceeds ex officio, muft proye, that the
Offence was committed when the Perfon was himfelf: Or by fhewing,
that by the Violence of his Diftemper, he was difturbed in Mind, and de
prived of his Reafon; for fometimes Perfons are delirious in a Diftemper,
efpecially in old Age, who in Health were in full Poffeflion of their
Senfes arid Reafon. Thefe Proofs muft not be made by their Wives* Chil
dren, or other Relations, but by Witneffes above all Exception, and in the
kft Cafe fkilful Phyficians are principally tabe regarded. If the Chil
dren fail in this Proof, their Excufe is not to be admitted;
Farther, fince a Criminal at the Article of Death ought to be facra
mentally abfolved, if he confeffes, and is ready to obey the Commands
of the Church, according to the firft Council of Orange, cap. 2. As to,
Hereticks. who . lie at the Point of Death, if they-, defire to> be Catholicks,
let the Prefbyters, if there be no Bipop to do it, fign them with the Chrifm
and BenediBion ; hence it oftentimes happens, that Perfons dying, have
confeffed Herefy to a Prieft, ^nd received their Abfolution from him. And
as no Action can be carried on againft the Dead, unlefs it be prefumed
that they died impenitent, there arofe formerly a Queftion in the Coun
cil of Tarragone, whether the Prieft, who afferts that- he abfolved any
one from Herefy, ought to be credited ? This Queftion was at that Time
of great Importance, becaufe if the Prieft affirming this Matter was tp
be believed, the Inquifitors could not proceed againft fuch a one after his
Death. But now this Queftion is at an End, becaufe Confeffors have
no Power of abfolving Hereticks. Such a Cafe may however happen,
viz. when any one is abfolved by Virtue of any Jubilee, in which the
Pope grants the Power of abfolving from fuch a Crime : Or when an He
retick abfolutely concealed, or mental, is abfolved, whofe Herefy is after
wards difcovered, and himfelf proceeded againft. A like Cafe may hap
pen in an Heretick, who being about to die, repents ; and becaufe there
is no room to rePoncile him to the Church, according to the ordinary
Courfe of Law, is abfolved by fome private Prkft^ when? at the Point of
Death,

The Hiftory of the I KQU I S I T I O N. 341
Death, and afterwards recovers ; or if he doth not recover, is accufed
after his Death, to the Holy Office.
In thefe and the like Cafes they fay, that if any one will make ufe of
the Teftimony of a Confeffor, yet the Inquifitor ought not to neglect the
Courfe of Law upon account of fuch a Witnefs. Gregory XIII. in a
certain Bull of Jubilee, An. 1572. declared, That Perfons abfolved in
the penitential Court, are to be looked on as abfolved only in that Court
or Judgment, and that therefore they ought tdWake Satisfaction in the
external or judicial Court. And therefore now no Perfon receives any
Advantage by excepting that he received Penance in the internal Court.
The Reafon is, becaufe penitential Punifhment enjoined in the internal
Court hath this Tendency, that hereby the Penitent may inake Satisfaction.
to God and his Soul. Whereas temporal Punifhment regards the Pu
nifhment of the Body, and is an Inftance of publick Juftice; whereby
the Commonwealth is fatisfied, which hath been injured by the ill Ex
ample of the Offender. And as there is a double Punifhment, fo there
is a twofold Judge. One which enjoins Penance whereby the Criminal!
may be freed from eternal and fpiritual Punifhment, and this is the pro*
per Prieft ; the other he who enjoins temporal Punifhment, , and this is
the Judge of the Place where the Offence is committed, or alfo the or
dinary Judge of the Offender. Hence it follows, that as. the Prieft is
not the proper Judge of this Crime, but the Inquifitor and Bifhop, Ab
folution given by a Prieft cant hinder the Procefs of the proper Judge.
However, no- Action is to be carried on againft a dead Perfon,. or ra
ther his Memory is not to be condemned, unlefs the Proof be foil, ac
cording as 'tis determined by the Inftruction oiAvila, An. 1498. cap. 4.
Nor let any dead Perfon be cited to a Trial, nor any Procefs be carried on
againfl his Memory or Reputation, unlefs there be full Proof that he may. be
thereby condemned. When therefore there are any fuch preceding Proofs,
the .Fifcal inftantly demands, by putting in a Bill, that fuch a Criminal
may be proceeded againft. This Accufation is exhibited to the Children
or Heirs, or others whom it may concern, that the Memory of the De^
ceafed fhopld not be condemned.; and if there are any Defcendantsof the
dead Perfon,. they are perfoaally cited to defend his Memory, according
to the Madrid Inftruction, An. 156 1. cap. 6 1. Thus alfo the Council of
Biterre formerly ordained, cap. 18. Proceed in like manner to the Con
demnation of Hereticks or their Believers, who have not been canonically re
conciled before their Death, giving firft a Citation to their Heirs, or others,
who, according to Law, ought to be cited, and allow them a proper Liberty of

34* TJje Hiftory IqfJhe INQUISITION:
of defending them. And that no one- may pretend Excufe or Ignorance,
the Children or Heirs of the Deceafed, or any others whom it may con
cern, are alfo cited by publick Edicts to come and make a legal Defence
for him, and a legal Term is afligned them for their Appearance. After
fuch Term is elapfed, if no one of the afore-cited Perfons appears, the
Inquifitors appoint one to undertake the Defence, a pious and faithful
Man, and fit for the Bufinefs, who is to propofe the legal Excufes and
¦Defences for the Deceafed?. To this Perfon they communicate the Accu
fation and Evidence againftthe Deceafed, and enjoin him Secrefy; and
to confer concerning the Affair only with the Advocates of the Holy
Office, that fo the Procefs may be carried on according to the due Order
and Courfe of Law. But if any one appears, he is admitted to defend
the Deceafed's Memory. Nor doth it fignify, if the Perfon appearing as
Defendant in this Caufe, be noted for Herefy, or under Inquifition, or
in Prifon; becaufe as it may happen, that both the Deceafed, and the
Defendant under Inquifition, may be both freed from the Profecution
carried on againft them, 'tis allowed him, that no Prejudice may be done
to any one, and becaufe it may- be for his own Advantage, to appear in
Defence of the deceafed Criminal, according as the Madrid Inftruction
hath determined in the afore-cited Place. And farther, the Avila In-
ftruction, An. 1498. cap. 4. determines, That the Procefs againft. a dead
Perfon Jhall be fpeedily finified, and that the Inquifitors pall not put off the
Caufe for want of Proof, unlefs pqffibly 'tis likely, that within a little while,
other kind of Proofs may arife. But when the Criminal is not convicted
upon full Proof, he k immediately to be abfolved. And the afore-cited
Inftruction gives this Reafon of the Decree ; becaufe unlefs it were thus/
the Sons and Daughters of the Deceafed under Profecution, if his Caufe- •
fliould be put off, would not poflibly find any Perfons to marry with,1
and could not difpofe of the Effects left by the Deceafed. But if after
the Deceafed is abfolved, there appear new Witneffes againft him, there
may be a new Action commenced againft him, becaufe, in this Crime,
in Favour of the Faith, Sentences pronounced are not to be taken as an
adjudged Cafe. And the former Evidences alfo fhall retain- their entire
Force, and. be added to thofe which arife anew, in order to make full1
Proof. When all thefe Things have been duly obferved, if it appears that the
Deceafed is to be abfolved, the Sentence of Abfolution is publickly pro
nounced, becaufe as publick Edicts were fet forth againft him, at the Be-'
ginning of his Procefs, he is therefore to be publickly declared abfolved,- that

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 34$
that he may be reftored to his Reputatiori. But if his Memory is to be
condemned, he is pronounced to have died in Herefy, his Memory is
condemned, his Effects confifcated, his Bones dug up, and if they can
be diftihguifhed from the other Bones of Catholicks, to be publickly
burnt. ¦ And thus we read, that the Bones and dead Bodies of feveral Here
ticks have been unburied, and thrown away, or burnt. Peter John, of
the Diocefe of Biron, followed and taught the Errors oi Joachim, Abbot
of St. Flour, and publifhed concerning this Affair feveral Books upon the
Revelation of St. John, and the Gofpel of Matthew. Thefe Books were
afterwards diligently- examined by many Doctors in Divinity by Autho
rity of the Pope, • and at a folemn Meeting at the Court oi Rome, were
condemned and burnt. Peter alio himfelf, by Command of the fame
Prelate,'was taken up out of Holy Ground, and by the general Vote
and Sentence declared ari Heretick, tied to a Stake and burnt. There
lived alfo, fome Years ago, in Italy , in .the'Brefdano, a certain Perfon, of
fo great Integrity and Severity of Life, that fome affirmed that, when
alive, he was the Succeffor of John Baptifi himfelf, and on this account
greatly reverenced him after his Death. The Inquifitor of the Faith
having been informed by the Evidence of the Faithful, that he was tinc
tured with Herefy, and that he died out of the Communion of Believers,
with the Advice of the Bifhop, commanded his dead Body to be unbu
ried, and thrown into the Fire. At Faenza in Lombardy,- an Abbot bu
ried a certain Heretick in the Church of St. Hippolytus the Martyr. /«¦-
nocent commanded the Abbot and Monks to take up the Corps, and to
obferve the Interdict his Church was laid under on that account. Mafter;
Almericus was alfortifrned ouf of his Graid, arid buried in a Field.
- ' But that we may not Ibdk for -more 'Examples '• than we need, : we have
a famous one of this fort of Condemnation, iri the Synod of Conftance,
againft" John Wickleff', ill the eighth SefBon. In as much as by the Au
thority of the Sentence:, 'and Decree* of the Roman Council;' and by f he-
Command. of the Afiofiqlick*' See, ajter the proper Delays f Procefs was car-
ried-ori concerning '-the' Qoridenthatibri1 'of John V/ickliiif and -hii Memory,
EdiBs ^beii g fet forth, > and Denunciations to fummon all, if any1 there be,
who_are willing to defend him or his Memory -, havingfarjh£rmore_£Kamiued
Witneffes concerning the final Impenitence and Obfiinacy of thej'aid Wick
leff, by Commiffaries deputed for this Purpoje,' and' obferved a-ti Things to
be obferved, as the Order of Law requires in this Caje, 'and hh 'Impenitence
and final Obfiinacy being evidently proved by legal Witneffes, the Matter was

544 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 10 N.
^was legally believed and ajfinted to. And therefore, of the Inftance tf the
Procurator of the Exchequer, and after putting forth an Ediftfor hear
ing oj Sentence as on this Day, this Holy Synod .declares and determines,
that the faid John Wickleff was a notorious Meretiaky and Jied obftinately
-in his Herefy, by anathematifing him, and likewife condemning his Memory,
jind decrees that his Body and Bones, if they can be feparated from the
¦other Bodies of the Faithful, pall be taken up, and thrown out from the
Burial of the Church, according to the Canonical and Legal SanBions.
And the Judges being interrogated, whether they were cbntenf, anfwered,
¦Content. And they approved all the aforefaid Matters.
There was a like Edict in England againft the dead Bodies of Bucer
and Fagius : For when Cardinal Pool, the Pope's Legate in England,
went, after Queen Mary's Inauguration, to the Univerfity of Cambridge,
to reftore all Affairs there, they began the Procefs of taking up the dead
Bodies of Bucer and Fagius,. The dead Perfons were cited by a firft and
fecond Edict, and feveral Witneffes produced againft them once and again.
When no one appeared^ who would undertake their Defence, they were
xit laft condemned for Contumacy, and on the faid Day Sentence was pro
nounced before all the Orders of the Univerfity, and their dead Bodies
were ordered to be dug up, and delivered to the Queen's Officers. After
fome fome few Days, whilft the Sentence was fent to London, an Order
came from the Queen that the Punifliment fhould be inflicted. Finally,.
on the Sixth of February the Bodies were dug up, and a large Stake
fixed into the Ground in a certain Part of the Market-place prepared for
that Purpofe, to which the Bodies were tied, and a large Pile of Wood
placed round them to bum them. After this the Chefts were fet up on
end with the dead Bodies in them *, and faftened on both Sides with
Stakes, and bound to the Poft with a long Iron Chain. After the Pile
was fet on Fire, they threw a great Number of the Books of the Pro-
teftants into it, which they had gathered together, which were foon Con
fumed by the fpreading Flames. Not long after this, Brookes, Bifhop of
Glocefier, dealt in the fame Manner at Oxford, with Catherine, the Wife
of Peter Martyr, who dying about -f four Years ago, was buried in Chrift-
Church, near St. Fridejwide's Relicts, who was held in great Veneration

* They were buried, as Fox tells us, in Chefts.
t Ft* fays, two Vcws. in

The Hiftory ofthe I N Q UT S I T 1 0 M: Y 34 y
in that College.. , For being* convicted that fhe had embraced her'Huf-
band's Herefy, fhe was condemned, her Body taken up, carried' upon
Shoulders, and mrpwfrupon a Dungh'il.
? Befidesthis, the Statue of fuch deceafed Perfon' is, now btWght forth
b..publick, .on which the Name ofthe Perfon, iwhofe Memory is to b$
condemned, is written in large Characters, and before which all the er
roneous! or heretical Articles, and all the heretical Deeds or Works,
whieh have been legsflly proved againft the Deceafed, are recited in the
fame. Maimer- in: which they were' done, as though; .the Deceafed himr
felf was living arid preferit.?o;This Statue is delivered) to the fecular Cdurt*,
which the fecular Judge; afterwards burns* as he we»kj have burnt the
Deceafed, if he had been living, and died obftinate.

R E LAT I ON' IV.
¦PI ;. _' : „-., f A
'E have, a very, famous Inftance of fuch a Sentence pronounced
againft a dead. Perfon, in this Age, by the Inquifition at Rome,
mbMark Anthony de^Dominis, Dean of Windfor, as Bzovius relates it
under the Year 1479; Sect. 12. and following. vHe left the Church of
Rome-and the Arch-Bifhoprick biSpalato, and came into Engldndinlhc
Y&it 16 r6. and publifhed Books containing the Reafons '.of his Depan-
ture, .and alfo. concerning the. Eccleftafticaf Republick. . Thofe Books
were condemned as heretical at Rome, and himfelf cited to appear and
purge himfelf within fix Months before the ¦ Congregation of the Uni
verfal Inquifitioi*^ As he did not appear,; after ibavlng obferved the ufual
Methods in that Office,, he- was;proaouiicfficb an Heretick,^ ejteommuni-
cated, deprived of all Dignities, Benefices', and Offices wrhatfcever, and to

¦'<*. Fpx aflures-ds^ That StikfQ, ^{h^f^^icSSe^^iWdas'Orivariet, R. J/*Jw«»,:iPtefld8^lF
Q^l-Qmnb Col^ge]w£p/p a$d .J^j^'J*t>'f9^P^i90i9f9^/("?s *^e Cardinals Vi/jtots, .(ugrnp^e^
Before them all that haclahy, ^cyiauitanrejwkh her or( her Bisband, and miniftred .ah. OaJth to
ffiem, that they1 Would riot conceaP W™ngt&aP*fi& ffeSfinded of them 7 sifrd that Wi^Tesfa-
mined, theiij Uknfyssr. was, that iHejs kirewvaffll what/Religion Ihe was of, becaufe theyjdid nqc
nnrt-.n-a^^ j... i ,.,r.,^^» R„r i.i™.nn.,™.i,fl,„j;„n .i,;„ ,-he Cardinal by his Letters ocdereH

v'-f^o. I2, Yy have

346 The Hiftory of We I N QUJSITI O N."
have incurred all the others Penalties which are' prefcribed- by the facred
CanOns.A > A. ' AoL; '''-' «' ' ?j:r'T j:;! ,V':"K ?'iV'"6
Some Years after he privately abjured this Herefies, and having pub
lifhed a Writing declaring' his Intention tb depart'out oi England, -he
was received into Favour by Pope Gregory XV. ' and had granted - htm ;an
Houfe, Provifion, -Money,- and other Thing's .neceffary for himfelf and
Family, yearly, according to his Archiepifcdpal Character, and befides
fhis, a noble Ecclefiaftical Penfion. Thisifounty; of the. Pope many
Perfons beheld with envious Eyes. r> More than this, he; was- reftored to
his Honours, fo that he was afterwards ftated in the; Habit and Enfigns
of h&Dignky^ in the Seffions, * and all other Things/ as though he had
never fallen from his Rank. 'Thefe Honours, as Bzovius fays, puffed him
up with Pride, which he difcovered in his Gait, Countenance, and
Converfatioiv as-though~he-had.becn -called^- not-toreceive-Mercy, - but
to triumph.
Not long after this he was iAforrned againft by certain Religious and
others, before the Affembly of the Univerfal Inquifition, that he was not
afraid privately to fpread -the Errors hehad abjuredy and-that he"cojn-
mended a certain Agreement cried up by lumfelf between the Catholicks
and Hereticks,. and threw out WordsCcontraryto-.the Authority of the
Councils,1 and efpecially that of 3r^/;:'andthatthough.ioftentimed:.adhxc>i
aiiftied, he would hot abftain from fuelr Difcourfes. -Upon this theyexai
mined Witneffes cbncerningthe Matters denounced, according toT fhe Sari'-
itions ofthe Xaw ; and as he was particularly faid to endeavour anEfcape^
and to .gather up, his Effects in;order to return to his own Country; he
was apprehended and putin Prifon, not fuch as Hereticks are ufually con
fined to, ,'but in the Caftle of Adrian, where the' firft Quality are -ufually
-im prifoned, . fome of his Ddmeftidssbeingallowed tb. attend ihiasL o j ', A
, Being thu^takenanfoOuftody, and his Writings, according to. Gujfoni}
diligently examined, one was found amongft them concerning the Sacra
ment of Matrimony,"- in which there were feveral hereticarpropbutionl.
Upon this Friar Defiderius- Scalea,, a Predicant, fGardinafof Cremona; one
k>i tfie general InqUif^tbts',.; whprh'tjie Pope had delegated to early pri th^
Inquifition, and'tojiake Cpgmf^ce'^f ,^e/wbofe''C;anfe, admitted dthjpis
proper Witneffes, and fuch as were beyond all Exception ; after which
Mark Anthony himfelf being brought before him, confeffed moft of thofe
Thi ngs which ^ he had plainly abjured. He added, ' that he believed tha8
the Church of .Roland the. Proteftants agreed in '^lf fundamental Att#
ties, and that as '^.o^ftijffi^, '^ei,einji^y\:d^rt^i; 'ihey-,$^$$qi
-.-- ' rY At •"equally

The Hiftory of theinQV I S I T I ON. 347
equally neceflary} but that it might be allowed to the Proteftants to a-
bound in their own Senfe, at leaft till thefe Things were more fully exa^
mined, becaufe it might be doubted whether they were fufficiently dif
cuffed and determined by the Council of Trent; and thattherefore fuch
•Articles might be fubjected to a new Difputation between Catholicks and
Proteftants, chofen on each -Side for this Purpofe. For he believed that
the Council, and efpecially that of "Trent, had declared many Things as
Matters pf Faith, which did not at all belong to it ; particularly as to
Juftification and Gracej as an inherent Quality, and the Efficacy of the
Sacrament's, ex opere operato, and many others. - That the Articles which
he called Fundamental,;' were fuch/ only as were neceflary to Salvation,
and not fiich as were controverted .between both Parties.; and that there
fore he who denied them was not a Member cut off from the Church,
but a living one, and joined to it in Faith and Charity. From whence he
concluded, that notwithftanding this ; Difference, there might be a Union
and Agreement, between the Church of Rome and the Proteftants. All
thefe Things he guarded by this Rule, . that the holy Scripture, as far as
cfear and exprefs, was an adequate Rule of Fetich, and in Defect of this,
fech Tradition as was certain, and that therefore no Chriftiap Man ought
to believe, with a divine Faith, any Thing not expreffed in holy Scripture
without any Obfeurity, and Difference of Catholick Explications j . or not
delivered by the Apoftles or <Apoftofiek ,Men to the Chufch, without any
Ambiguity whatfoever; and that beyond this Rule every Man was free to
followhis own Opinion, r >¦. rn r ,. :.- - ,
When he had anfwered that he had faid and believed thefe Things, the
Congregation of the Cardinals General Inquifitors thought proper to con
fult the- Cenfors of Theological Proportions,, who, examining the Affair
befofe the Cardinal of Cremona? unanimoufly pronounced.the Propofitions
heretical,. And as there was farther a vehement Sufpicion that his Abju
ration .was feigned, lie was interrogated, whether he would perfifr, in the
faid Herefies ? He faid, No ; but that he repented of them, and was ready
to deteft and abjure them, as far as they fhould be declared Herefies by
the Apoftolick See. Whilft his Caufe was in this State, and during the
Time allowed him to .make his Defence, and for granting him his Pro
cefs, as he was cordulting^ bis/Advocate, i he, fell into a very grievous Dif
temper, which fo encreafed on him* that the Phyficians. defpaired of his
Life, and the rather, on account ofthe Seafon of the Year, . and the Great-
nefs of his Age, being fixty-fix Years old. He abjured however before
the Cardinal oi Cremona, and other Officials of the Inquifition, the Herefies
'.,.:.:".'- ' Y7 2; he

348 The Hiftory of the -I-NQM S&¥'10$E
he had 'confefled, iind all others r -and haying givefr&ghsof F&beYitahcc?,
and received the Sacraments,, -and fent a Metfenger tbthe'Popey't-o give
him Thabks, in thefe: Wotdsv^^y the Prff'ureoflohConfihemenj :Be
hadgiven Wm': fyptirtwiifffSrilfy^

good Hope, after thefe Things he depai(te3:%hi's!Life: - His Bowels, nfW-
der to prevent;Ref]ect ions, were- takenotft by the moft' excellent Phy fidiltfts
of feveral Naitdrhs-, 'who having ; carefully irifpe'cted his In waftk/'all agreed
that he diedw\fli^Tia&ral -Illnefs. i'^f i;™ ^¦''M ™\-;.v> .w ¦-."!:*?.
His CorpfeWa^-d^ofrte'a till mdTOfe of the' Trial, -and four of his'Re-
ratiohs,- •whb'^hen" hap^ei^a:tb~6e \aVRbme; were1 by- Warne 'tAidihf v,&
publick Ed^ct^^ii^aiPothtt- Perfons' whatfoever who thought therfnelves
any ways cor?defneo*,!',%^defehdthre' Memory ofthe aforefaid "Mark An
thony: And wne'ff^&fott^^
fedd it, r! -and no c^ny'jfpp&red; tb do it, the TrTOfaf of the ' Mlj$(pSfi
cho'fe fome proper r^TOr^JfotIjthis Turpbfe, , who Upon' catefuTry- Infi "
ing the Procefs, anfr^iea?,^&ar^.ifor^^^ iWhere!#^
could, defend the . faid°Merhory aCcQrdmgt©. Law, fince from Mar%^M
thony's own Confeffion, ^they^moft clearly found that he died a r^apfe'd
Hefetick. But that1 meHpTi^t Jpfocered tb Sentence /entifeijr- -atcbfl-
ing to Law, they cbnfulted \v?ith ^Divines: and skilful ILaWyerk, lafrd'had
thVM^tte'r -propofed' aridJ^afe%liy'' examined by tKefn.' At length they
all agreed, that the fame Punifhments fliould be executed upon the Me-

¥fj&4Aw|*%6W i;Early'irtbe"] .
ing of Jf," fo'Yaft^MPrrtb^^ St.'Mttryfupra Miner-
vam, wrier'S they%^Mn^3|iVe thefe^religious^Shew^^thdt -they ;were
forced not only to'mut.up, but to^uard'tbe^Gates with -armed Merf, and
the great Area- before the Church' HVaV'fo'jprodigroufly thronged, that
there was fefe RoWfot the ^aidrh^4rierEfelves to pafs. * The middle

fc«rel!Gates, 'guardtedfryW^i.1 ^-taBi Side there tvere Sca£
' tinning the whole Length of 'jfaeWcWhte] in which were Seats
^Cardinals and other Prelates, afid-btfrer Conveifiencies,' to receive
iftlerWndbmerNoHetfM the R^ht4iai&
£ '¦ ! coming

The Hiftory '</ '/he I NQU LSI TION. 349
coming in the facrerl Co#rieiI\pfefided, on the Left Hand were placed the
inferior Officers of the holy Inquifition, the' Governor of the City and
hj^. Officials.. Efafom rbp Pulpit- waq t" bp fcpn t^p Pi Ann* nf /i/TW^ /&;.
thony, drawn in Colours,, covered with a black common Garment, hold
ing a Clergyman's Cap in his "Hand, with his Name, Surname, and
Archiepifcopal Dignity, which. formerly he had borne, infcribed upon it,
together with a wooden Cheft bedaubed with. Pitch, in which the dead
ifody was-inclqfed. The reft of the Church was' filled with Citizens, and
a great many Foreigners, the Number of vyhoro was at that Time larger,
becaufe the Jubilee that was at hand had brought' them from all Parts to -
¦tfee City, that they might be prefent at the opening" the facred Gates. >!
« iK Thing's ^eingthusv difpofed, a Certain {Parfon mounted the Pulpit, a1nd;
•with «'a fhrill Voice,1 which rung through all the Parts of the fpacious
Church, and mthe vulgar Language, that the common People might
Xinderftaod^im; read. over a Summary/of the Prbcefs, arid the Sentence
by -which m4 Cardinals Inqtrifrtors General, fpecially deputed for the Af
fair by the Pope, pronoun.ced^ttr^ Anthony, fas a Rejapfe into Herefy,
to have incurred all the Confutes and ^Penalties appointed ! to relapfed
"Hereticks by the facred Canons, and Papal Conftitutions, and -declared ,
him' to be deprived of all Honours, Prerogatives, and Ecclefiaftical Digni
ties, condemned his Memory /and caft him out ofthe Ecclefiaftical Court,
delivered over- his dead Body and Effigies info the Power ofthe Governor
ofthe City, that he might inflict On it rhe Punifhment due, according to
the Rule and Practice ofthe Church. . And finally, , they commanded his
impious and heretical Writings to be publickly burnt, , and declared all
his Effects to be forfeited to the Exchequer of the holy Inquifition.' Af
ter this Sentence was' readj the Governor of Jthe City and his Officers
threw the Corps," Effigies, and aforefaid Writings into a Cart, 'and car
ried them into fne Campo Fiore, a great Multitude of People following
after. When they came there,x the dead Body,' M which as yet in all its .
Members Was whole "and entire, was raifed out of the Cheft as far as the
Bottom ofthe Breaft., and fhewn from on high, to the vaft Concourfe- of
People that flood round about, and was afterwards with. the Effigies and
Bundle of his Book's, thrown into the Pile, prepared for thcFurpofe,- and '
The^bprnt.'' -^ j-'fffu< '"- h 'f "' ' '':\l\.^
i: I was filing to'give this long Story'in all its Circumftances, not only -
becaufe the Perfon himfelf was famous, and the Thing frefti in Memory,
bttt1 chiefly becaufe all Things ufually practifed in the. .Procefs againft the.
-a j^.-ii - i" - '"¦''-> Z-L ' J 'Dead;

3 ;o The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Dead, were here exactly obferved, whereby the whole Scene of this Ini
quity and Cruelty doth moft fully, appear.

CHAP. XXVIII.
Of the Manner of proceeding againft Houfes. '
IN order to beget in the common People a greater Abhorrence of the
Crime of Herefy, they are ufed to pulldown, and level with the
Ground, the Houfes or Dwellings in which the Heretick or Arch-Here-
tick holds Conventicles and Congregation?. Of this we have ^ feveral In-
ftances in the Book of the Sentences of the Tboloufe Inquifition. This
Demolition of Houfes, in Deteftation of the Crime of Herefy, was
formerly appointed by the Council of Tboloufe, An. 1229. We decree that
that Houfe, in. which an Heretick pall be found, pall be deftroyed, and
.the Place itfelf or Ground be confifcated. And the Council of Biter re > Let
the Houfes alfo in which living or dead Hereticks, whether. conviBed -or con
demned, are or ftp all be found, if with the Knowledge and Confent ofthe Owners
of jiich Houfes, being of legal, Age, be pulled down, and the EffeBs of all
who then inhabit there be confifcated, unlefs they are able manifefily to prove
their Innocence or juft Ignorance. And not long after, Innocent IV. de^
creed this very ; Thing by a certain Writings beginning, : Ad exfiirpanda,
of which the Original, is. extant, in the Inquifition of -Bologna, in thefe
Words, 'the Houfe alfo, in which any Heretick, Man or tPfoman, Jliall
be found, filiall be deftroyed to the Ground, without any Hope of being ever
rebuilt, unlefs the Owner qf the Houfe ftjall have procured the Difcovery of
them there. ; And, if the .Owner offuch Houfe pall have any other Houfe
contiguous to it, let all thofe Houfes be likewife, demoliped. But Alexan-r
derW.hy a Conftitution, declare?, That this mujl.be underftood, ofthe
Out-Houfes offuch Dwelling, viz. -'thai fuch Hoiife,-with all other Build*
ings contiguous to it, i. e. the Houfe itfelf,. .and Out-Houfes, wbether.an
Heretick, Man or, Wooman, pall be found in the Houfe itfelf or the, Out-
Houfes, pall be deftroyed; becaufe the,. Houfe, tho'. divided into >eyef fo ma
ny Dwellings., is neverthelefs accounted to be one Houfe. ,:,,,'
If the Owner of the Houfe" is not condemned of Herefy, but Here
ticks have committed fuch Things u>>an Houfe that did not belong to
them, without the Knowledge of the Owner, the Houfe is to. receive no
Damage. But if he knew it, or .ought to have fenown it, .'tis confiscat
ed/,, and being confifcated, remains febject "to the Pleafure of1 the Inquifi tor.

The Hiftory of thh It N <lti I S I T I ON. 3V i
for. The Materials offuchHottfes go to the Exchequer, or are decreed
to be applied to other pious -Ufes. The Ground on which; fuch Houfe
flood- -muft not be fhut hy but muft always be uninhabited, that as it
was formerly a -Receptacle of wicked Wretches, if may from henceforth:
become a Place of Naftinefs, and made a Duhghil and Stench. Ex
communication alfo is threatned againft all thofe who fhall prefume to re
build it, or to inhabit or inclofe it, or fhall knowingly give any Advice
Or Afliftance to it. - Sometimes alfo the Ground on which the Houfe
flood,, is fprinkled: over With Salt, to denote it's Barrennefs ; at which
Time certain Curfes and Imprecations are uttered. And finally, that
there: may be a perpetual Monument 6f its Infamy and juft Punifhment,
a folid Stone, or a Marble Pillar four or five Foot high, is erected i'n this
laft Age, in the faid Ground, with certain large Characters cut on it,
containing the Name ofthe Owner of the Houfe, fhewing the Reafon of
its being deftroyed, and fignifying' the Tinie, viz.'- under the Reign of
what Pope, Emperor, or King, the Matter was franfacted. In the for
mer Age there was a famous Mdnument erected ononis Account.in Spain,
in the noble City of Valladolid, where Aufthi Cazzalla, although con
verted,- and penitent, was, An. 1559.; delivered as a Dogmatift to the fe
cular Court, and his Houfe pulled down, orithe Ground of which there
was' a little Pillar erected, containing an Account' of the Affair.

¦•>.:, am; ",

rcj.R E L A T I O N . V, t;:,
Tbe ReJignation dnd,. Retreat of the Emperor Charles V,.- and the, Sufpicions
•ni riA'- had, 0f him n'otwithfianding his Mortifications..
S there r happened'' great Troubles' in 'Spain., on account of Religion
immediately after the Death of the Epiperof Charles, we judged
it1 very agreeable to the Defign of this Work.tq give our Readers from
the Writings of the fanfous Faminianus 'Strada' an exact Detail of that
gloriouV Monarch's furrendring all the valuable Things, in this5 World
for the Sake of Peace ; that from thence it may appear hovy difficult
a Thing it is even for the. moft pioufly zealous Chriftiaritp efcape the
Cenfures of fufpicious -Priefts. "" . r ''¦ ' ' ¦* r
''¦iGhdrles V. ^lately^ gfeit' an Emperor,. npw;No~body, leaving the^Court
to the new Prince, ftaid awhile in' a private Houfe, till the -Fleet Nvas
o'-'H ready

3 $<l The Hiftory of the I N QU IS I T I O N.
-ready; then ' looting from Zeland, with his Sifters, Queen Eleanor and*
Queen Mary, he failed with a prpfperous Wind into the Port of Lareda
in Bifcany. i The Emperor was. fcarce landed, when a Tempeft rifingin
the Harbour, fcatteredhis whoje, Fleet, and fwallowed up the Admiral
herfelf, that carried, him; -as^iffhebad farewel to Ceefar _and his- For
tunes. ' It was reported, that when he landed, falling upon his Knees,
he kifs'd the Earth, and faid, he did his Duty to the common Parent;
and that as he came naked out" of his Mothers Womb, fo he willingly
returned to this Mother naked But when he came into Bificay, and;
from thence, to Burgost T being met upon the Way by very few of the
Spanip Nobility, (who were not to be attracted by, Charles, alone, unat
tended with his Titles) then he firft found his Nakednefs : Whereto was
added, that his Penfion of a hundred ^houfand Ducats (referved out of
his vaft. Revenues^ for Part whereof he had prefent Ufe, to. reward his
Servants, and difmifs them) was no^ paid him, but, he was forced to wait
for it at Burgos, not without fome Indignationjr till at laft the mighty Sum
was tendered. Which Affront,, as he could' hardly diffemhle, fo it gave
many Men colour to report, that the Act was fcarce paffed, when
Charles repented him of the Refignation of his Kingdoms] Though others
jay, he changed his Mind -upon the very Day. of his Refignment;: be
¬caufe many Years after,^ when- Cardinal Granville, remembered King
Philip of the Anniverfary Day of his Father's Refignation, the King
prefently reply'd. And this is likewife the Anniverfary of hisRepentance
fbrtefigning. This Speech being fpread by uncertain Rumour, went
for current News, perfuading the World, that the Emperor was not con
front, fo much as for a- Day^ to thfe unexampled Refolution : Unlefs per
haps, KJng Philip, thought not that. commendableriiv his Father;, .,whjd|
heJ himfelf meant not to imitate. For V^^fK in.allrny ^earcri'intotne
Books, and Diaries of his Retirement, in the two Years Time of his pri
vate Life,-, I find no Mark of this kind of, Repentance,,. But fp; proceed;
he was" tarried iniiis clofe Chair tpVallqdolfd^ M^mete^a rwh^e wtih
his <S "rahd-CMd,* Charles. Ptihcp oi\ ^fiain..y^^JMm^, did'npt p^$il|
him^vei^'wdjl. ;Thence;he retired to, St.^uJfuSf a^opafte^^oi Hiezo+
iiomife's, the Seat he had long fmce'c^^
Of Portugal and Caftile, notfarfrom the City' of" filacentia, in, a health-*
ful Air; made fo by the Sweetnefs of the galley . and circling Hills, but~
gfbecially byJ the temperate Winters. Into tl^]?}<^e,.it:.is : reported, . -$qr*
tonw that moft valiant General retreated nMe^
Pa* £$M> W that here he waS freachefJw^M^. V ^ - -,i > ¦*
Here

The Hiftory *//&? INQUISITION. 3 73
Here at laft, the Emperor Charles fet bounds to his Sea of Cares, an J
built| himfelf an Houfe joining to the Monaftery ; the Model whereof
was by his Command fent a Year before into the Low Countries, and ap
proved of. It contained but fix, at moft but feven Cells, of twenty Foot
in Breadth and Length, right Convent Lodgings ; from whence was
a Profpect, and Stairs landing in a little Garden, watered with a Spring,
planted with Citron and Lemon Trees, that fhot up their Flowers
and Fruits to the very Windows. And this was the Maufoleum, where
in that, mighty Emperor, not contented with one World, inclofed and
buried himfelf alive; and to this narrow Compafs was that Giant leffened,
that boafted to ftretch his Hand further than Hercules : So eafily will
Nature fhriiik into her own Condition, if Pride, that puffs up and dis
tracts her, do but once evoperate. Upon his coming to this Monaftery,
of threefcore Servants, chofen out of his vaft Retinue, he fent the great
eft Part to Serandilla, the next Town, intending to ufe them if there
fhould be Occafion ; keeping only twelve Men about him, and one Horfe ;
nor was his Furniture better than his Attendance, but all meafured by
the ftrict Rule of Neceffity. And truly it was a Miracle to fee Charles
the Emperor enamoured with Solitude, to forget his Cares, to be con-
ftant to his Refolution, and fo much eftranged from his old Cuftoms,
and almoft Nature, that neither Gold, which then in abundance the
Spanip Fleet brought him from the Indies, nor the Noife of War, in
which, he ufed to delight fo much, could any way unfix his Mind, or
difturb his Quiet.
This Imperial Hermit fo fpent his Time, that he daily beftowed Part
of, it upon hjs fick and languifhing Body, Part upon God and his SouU
For fometimes he rode up and down the Grounds with one Footman ;
fometimes he quartered his Garden into little Beds, fet Flowers, and plant
ed Trees with his Triumphant Hands, as once Dioclefian did at Salon,
when he likewife had refigned the Empire. He often practifed to make
Watches, learning the Art of Jannellus Turrianus, the Archimedes
of his Time ; making many Experiments of his Water- Works. Nay,
tis laid, the Aqueduct. of Toledo, which Gannellus had then modelled,
was much advantaged by the Emperor's ingenious Fancy. And fech a
Form as they together had conceived in that two Years Retirement, fuch
was Turrianus his Water- Work, which after the Emperor's Deceafe, by
a new Miracle of Art, drew up the River Tagus to the Top ofthe Moun
tain of Toledo. This was the Man that in the Emperor's Solitary Life
daily recreated his Spirits, by fhewing unheard-of Engines and Inven
tions : For often, when the Cloth was taken away after Dinner, he
Z z brought

3 T4 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
brought upon the Board little armed Figures of Horfe and Foot, fome
beating Drums, others founding Trumpets, and divers of them charging
one another with their Pikes. Sometimes he fent wooden Sparrows out'
of his Chamber into the Emperor's Dining- Room-; ' that would fly round
and back again. The Superior of the Monaftery ,h who came in by Ac
cident, fufpected him for a Conjurer. He likewife framed a Mill of Iron
that turned itfelf, of fuch a fubtil Work, and Smallnefs, that a Monk
could eafily hide it in his Sleeve, yet daily it ground as much Wheat as
would abundantly fer ve eight Perfons for their Day's Allowance. But
thefe Sports were more frequent at the Emperor's firft Coming.
Afterwards, warned by his Difeafe, that ftill rung the Lamm of Death,
he fnore fparingly gave them Admittance only at' fuch Hours as his Pain-
left him, for now he made it his firft Care, often to come to Church at
Times appointed for the Monks to fing Prayers. He often read the Lives
of Saints, and difcourfed of holy Things more frequently then he ac-
cuftpmed ; he Wafhed out the Stain of his Confcience, by Confeffion of his
Sins, and eat the Bread of Angels, though' fometimes not Fafting, for
which he had a Difpenfation, by reafon of the Weakriefs of his Stomach,
granted him by the Pope. Nay, with a Difcipline of platted Cords, he
put himfelf tb conftant fharp Penance for his former Life. Which Dif
cipline King Philip ever had in great Veneration ; and a little before his
Death commanded it to be brought to hinv and as it was ftained in the
Blood of "Charles his Father, -he ¦ fent it to his Son Philip >l\\.' And they
fay,, ft is ftill preferved among the pious Monuments- of the Houfe of
Auftria. '¦¦'• Laflly, upon Occafion of thofe Funeral Obfequies, which he
celebrated for his Mother, on the Anniverfary of her Deceafe, a new
Defire fet him a longing to celebrate his own Funerals: Advifing here
upon with John Regula, a Father of the Convent, and his Confeffor,
he told him it Was, though without Precedent, yet a pious and- merito
rious Act : He commanded immediately, that all Funeral Preparations
mould be made. A Horfe was therefore fet up in the Church, . Torches
lighted, and his Servants in Black ftood about it; the Service for the
Dead being mournfully fung by the religious Men, he himfelf furvivirig
his own Funerals, beheld in that Imaginary laft Office, ¦ the true Tears of
his Attendants: He heard the Hy hin, wifhinghim happy. Reft among
the Saints; and he himfelf finging with them, prayed for his own Soul;
till coming hear him that officiated, and delivering him the Torch he
held lighted in his Hand, with Eyes lifted up to Heaven, he faid, Thou
great Judge of Life and Death, I .humbly befeech thee, as a Prieft takes
) .'A, iu.j.,/ ti:>,io vi.. .front

The Hiftory of the IN QV I S I T I O N. 3 ^
from me this Wax-light I cftfer, fo thou at laft in thine own good Time, witt
gracioufiy pleafie to receive my , Spirit, which I commend into thy Hands,
Arms, and Bofom. Then, as he was in a loofe Mourning Garment, he
lay down upon the Floor, all the Church beginning to weep a-frefh, and
as if he had been laid forth to take their laft Farewel. It feems, the Em
peror by thefe feigned Rites, play'd with approaching Death ; for two
Days after his perfonated Obfequies, he fell into a Fever, which by lit
tle and little confuming him, the Archbifhop of Toledo gave him all
the Supplies-by the Chriftian Church appointed for the ftruggling Soul,
and the Monks that came frequently out of their Cells into his Bed
chamber, prayed God to fend their Gueft a happy Convoy to the Man-
fion of the Bleffed ; and on the Eve of St. Matthew the Evangelift, in
the eight and fiftieth Year of his Age, with a great Senfe of Piety and
Religion, he departed this Life. His Death was attended with confpi-
oious Signs hi Heaven and Earth ; for a little after he fickened, there was
feen a blazing Comet in Spain, at firft fomewhat dim; but as his D\i-
-eafe increafed, fo it grew in Brightnefs, and at laft fhooting its fiery Hair
point-blank againft tbe Monaftery of St. jufius, in the very Hour the
Emperor died, the Comet vanifhed. Nor. happened this without Admi
ration : In the Emperor's Garden fprung a Lilly, which at the fame time
put forth two Buds; the one, as it is ufual, blowing in the Month of
: May ; the other, though as well watered, gave no Signs of blowing all the
Spring and Summer ; but that Night wherein the Emperor's Soul put off
the Garment of his Body, the Lilly fuddenly breaking her Chalice, with
an unfeafonable and unexpected Spring, begun to blow. It was likewife
.obferved by all, that this Lilly, laid upon the high Altar for Men to view,
was received by all as a happy and white Omen.
Thus Charles V. when he had enjoy 'd his Father's Kingdoms forty
Years, the Empire fix and thirty, and himfelf two, after the Refign-
ment of all thefe, left it doubtful, whether he merited more Honour in
fo long governing the Empire, and many Kingdoms, or in relinquifhing
therrvall together. Yet lam not ignorant, that this Act was then diverfly
oenfured ; and at this Day, the Emperor's Refignation is an Argument
for Rhetoricians to declaim upon in the Schools, and Politicians at
Court. But omitting the Conceptions of thefe Men, and fuch Builders
of Cafiles in the Air, I will give you the common and moft probable
Opinions. <¦
-Many had. one Reafon before their Eyes, viz. his Infirmity of the
Gout, whichfrom. his fiftieth Year gave him no Intervals, but continually
'Zz2 tormented

3 s$ The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.1
tormented him, and forced him (as he profeffed at his folemn Refignation)
by a fafe Prevention, both for his own, and his Kingdoms Good, to tranfr
fer the Weight of that1 Government, which he knew himfelf no longer
able to fuftain, Upon a Man in the full Strength of Youth and Courage :
Tho' fubtiler People, that dive into the Secrets of Bufinefs, and flight all
that is vifible, fufpected that the Emperor, terrified with the Fortune of
Henry II. of France, held it fafer to encounter him with the Youth
of his Son, ambitious and capable of Government, than with his own
declining Years and Victories. They likewife obferved, that from the
Time he tried in vain to recover the Town of Metz from the French,
and fat down before it with an Army of one hundred thoufand Men,
whereof he loft no lefs then forty thoufand, he contracted fuch inward
Grief, efpecially having been forced fome time before, by Maurice Duke
oi Saxony, to fave himfelf by an unhandfome, at leaft an unaecuftomed
Retreat, that for fome Days he kept his Chamber, andover after his
Difeafe grew fharper. Nay, it was commonly believed, that Cefiars,
Fortune, glutted and grown coy, began to retire, and that the happy
Genius of this fo long unconquered Emperor, was fled to Henry the
French King : Cefar himfelf, not able to diffemble it, being heard to fay>
It feems Fortune. is the young Man's Mifirejs. And therefore for his De
vice of Hercules' s Pillars, and the Motto, More'-bejond, there was painted
a Crab-Fifh, the .Words, More on this Side, a ^jeer agreeable with- the
Times. Some faid, The Emperor did like a wary Gamefter at Dice,.
who having drawn a;great Sum of Money in many Hours Play, held his
Hand betimes, and fuffe'red not himfelf to be ftript of all his victorious
Heap at one Throw. Contrary ro this Was the-Senfe of others, that im
puted Cefar s Act. to his immenfe Ahibition. For being of a Spirit as
covetous of Farhe, as evfer any fince the firft Cefar 's Times, when he
conceived it arrived at the higheft Point of Glory, by fo many Victories
over, all kinds of Enemies, and thefe carried with fo ftrange -a Fortune,
that hardly any one took the Field againft him, whom he few not vali-
quifh'd at laft, he laid down, and fpurned awayjthe greateft Crowns and
Scepters of Europe and America, :by this unu'fual -Conqueft aimirig'at
new Titles of Honour, not eafy to be equalled by Pofterity. Anobfe'are
Report was likevyife fpread abroad, that the Emperor was moved with
the Complaints of his Son Philip, daily wounded With the Scorn and
rhiming Libels of the Englip,. that brooked not in their Iflanda Spanip
Lord: The common People therefore called him : not King,' but the
Queen's Husband : Upon this "Occafion, he more-paffionately represented to

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 3*7
to his Father his Fortune and Condition, to work him the fooner to re-
fign the Low Countries, having had fome Intimation of the Emperor's
Intent, and like Children born of young Parents, that come old to their
Inheritance, impatiently expected the good Hour. But there are fome
who make another Conftruclion, and affirm, that the Emperor pitched
upon this Refolve, touched only with Religion, and pricked in Con
fcience about many Things, for which he thought it beft to make his
Peace betimes with the Divine Majefty, before he was fummoned to give
in his Accounts : For the Emperor's Spirit, not altogether deaf to
Piety, was ftruck with a fad Remembrance of divers Actions. That he
had made a League with Henry King of England, excommunicated for
his Sake by the Bifhop of Rome ! Wherein the Injury he received by King
Henry's Divorce from tbe Emperor's Great Aunt, Queen Katharine,
•and his conftant Promife never to hold Amity with any heretical Prince,
unlefs reconciled to the Church oi Rome ;' were both weakly undervalued
to advance his inexpiable Hatred to the French. Befides, he had meddled
in the Caufe of Religion, taking upon him the Pope's Office, and com
manding a Book to be publifhed in Germany, which contained a Confeffion
of Faith ; to the Obfervance whereof all fhould be obUged, till the
Council of Trent were ended. Which Book, though in many Places
it was agreeable to the Catholick Church, yet fome were contrary,, as
the Marriage of Priefts, and receiving the Communion under both kinds r
•For being penned by a Junto of Catholicks and Hereticks, as it often
-happens, it pleafed neither Side. Laflly, at the Storming and Sacking of
Rome, he confented to the Pope's Imprifonment, and would have had him
carried into Spain, but that publick Infamy forced him to decline it ^
Yet would he not own the woeful Plundering of the facred City: Nay,.
when the -News was brought him into- Spain, he prohibited by Procla
mation, the publick Joy for his Son Philip's Birth, and putting on
Mourningj commanded an Adjournment of the Courts of Juftice; yet
he not only omitted doing Juftice upon thofe that robbed the Town and
Churches, but he alfo ufed their Service for feven Months together, to
<keep the Vicar of Chrift "Prifoner in the Caftle of St. Angelo, yea clofe
Prifoner, and in fo wretched* a Condition, that an old Herb- Woman
pitying his Cries, hid fome Lettiee in the Caftle-Ditch, which a Boy was
to give him up by a Cord; but the Captain of the Guard meeting her,
furioufly with his own Hands hanged her upon the Caftle Gates, which
-cruel ^Barbarity was committed beforethe Eyes ofthe poor Bifhop.- 'Finally,
the Emperor, having ao Senfe of his great Calamity, compell'd the Pope/ as.

-3*8 The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S IT 1 01
-as if he had been a. profane Enemy, to purohafehis Liberty with a great
Ranfom. No doubt but fiich wicked Deeds, as they were prejudged
by a common Execration, fo Charles V~. acknowledged, and condemned
them in himfelf, and their Stings left in his Soul caufed that Prince to
do this laft Act for pacifying the offended Deity. Yet fome there are
that excufe the Emperor in point of Crime, and lay much of the Fault
upon the Age, the War, and an armed Multitude, whofe Fury once
awaked, is not to be governed by one Man's Hand. This I find, was
moft of the Difcourfe ofthe Times touching the Refignation of Charles V.
-and at this Day it is credited or flighted with like Faction, and Ignorance
of Truth, For my own Part, though I know great Defigns are driven
on by many Caufes, as great "Ships by many Oars, yet I cannot perfuade
-myfelf, that the Fear of mutable Fortune, or any lighter Caufe, contri
buted to Cefarh Determination. Becaufe almoft ten Years before his
Death, about the very Harveft of his Victories, in his laft Will and
Teftament, made at Aufpurgh, he mentioned the refigning pf his King
doms ; and long before that Time, I am well allured the Emperor was
inclined to diveft himfelf of all the Cares and Baggage ' of the World,
the better to make his fpeedy Retreat to Heaven. This he only impart
ed to Francis Duke of Gandia, who afterwards entered into the Society
of Jefus, with a fevere Injunction, that he fhould not reveal that Inten
tion to any living, which the Emperor refolved to put in Execution, as
foon as the War gave him any Time to breathe. Nor when he had fur-
rendered the Empire, were Things in fuch a Condition, to make him repent
his Fortune : For a while after, the Siege of Metz was raifed : Terwin, a
flrong Fort in the Low-Countries, and Hedin, where anciently the
Princes of Artois kept their Courts, were taken, and in both Places
many ofthe French Gentry flain. Nay in Italy Part of -the Ifle oiCorfi-
ca was in Defpight of the Enemy preferved for the Genoefes ; and, what
was yet happier, the City Siena was attacked, the French beat out of it,
and almoft out of all the Dutchy of Florence.
But I believe what he had before defigned was then refolved, when
his Difeafe came to that Height, that he often fainted away ; efpecially,
when he heard of his Mother's Death, he began tomake fure Account
that his own Fate drew nigh: So that he was many Times perfuaded
that he heard his Mother's Voice, calling her Son to her. Which Opi
nion took the deeper Impreffion, becaufe Vef alius, Phyfician to the Env
peror, ftuck not to tell him that his Life could not continue : This caufed
{he Emperor fpeedily to do what he had fo often determined, . left Death that

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION, gt?
that followed clofe, fhould prevent him. And at that Time he was of
ten heard to repeat the Words of one of his Commanders, an old Officer
of Horfe,' who refolving to leave the World, petitioned the Emperor for
a Difcharge from Service: And that Prince urging him to give a Rea
fon for his1 new Refolution, he anfwered, That between the Bufinefs of
Life, ' and the- Day of Death, a Space ought to be iriterpoj'ed. Which in
genious Sentence printed itfelf in. the Emperor's Heart, that had been
long upon the like Meditations. Wheh the End of his Life was vifible,
he held it his beft Courfe to lay hold^ upori that Space, beyond which
there is nothing; Wherein neglecting the Affairs of others, he might
only regard his- own Concernment, re fcue himfelf from externarCares,
confining himfelf only to himfelf/ before the Hand of Neceffity fliould
arreft, and carry him to God's Tribunal, guilty in fo high a Degree of
mortal Happinefs : To that Purpofe he retired into this Sanctuary ,a
where Solitude gave him Leifure, and the Sanctity of the-Place Encou
ragement and Affifiance: Indeed, he that obferves either his Magnani
mity in refigning his vaft Empire by Sea and Land,; not leaving a Span
of Ground fubject to his Power, or his Conftancy to the cloiftered and
private Life- he had undertaken, in that two Years Time wherein he
extended his Victory over himfelf, or his holy End, which did not fur-
prize him, but came when he was prepared for Death in Life, which is-
the hardeftTask; he, I fay, muft needs acknowledge ft to be no tri
fling Caufe, or unworthy of -fo great a Soul; but an excellently pious,
and indeed a heavenly Motive, that brought the Emperor to this Re-
folve. How zealous foever the Emperor appeared1 in his Refignation, his In
ftructions to his Son, his Retirement, his long and warm Devotions, and
in the latter Actions of his Life, yet in as much as Luther anifin was ex
treamly dreaded by the avaricious Priefts, and as the Politicks of the
Court of Spain required its holding a good Correfpondence "with the
Clergy, Way was given to the Profecution of his Servants. Some Stir hap
pened about his Will, and-as it has been fufpected that he began to grow
wrongtn.his Senfes, as his Mother had been for many Years before her
Death, 'tis very probable old Difcourfes might have efeaped him. How
ever it were, certain it is, that Sparks which flew from this Fire lighted
a dreadful Perfecution againft the Faithful, of which the following Au
thentic Account of the Auto de Fe, in which the famous Dr, Cacalla
fuffer'd, will be a glaring Proof. In

360 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.'
In the Year 1556. May 21. in the Town of Valladolid, where the
Council of the Inquifition is generally kept, the Inquifitors had brought
many Prifoners, both of high and low Eftate, to the Number of thirty ;
alfo the Coffin of a certain noble Woman, with her Picture lying upon
it, which had been long dead, there to receive Judgment and.Sentence.
To the hearing of which Sentence, they had erected in the faid Town
three mighty Theatres or Stages; upon the firft was placed the Lady
Jane, Sifter to King Philip, and chief Regent of his Realms ; alfo Prince
Charles, King Philip's Son, with other Princes, and States of Spain; on
another Scaffold mounted the Archbifhop of Seville, Prince of the Syna
gogue of the Inquifitors, with the Council of the Inquifition, alfo other
Bifhops of the Land, and the King's Council with them.
After the Princes and Spiritual Judges, and the numerous Attendants
on this Solemnity, were feated in Order, the thirty Prifoners were
brought in, dreffed in their Sanbenito, which is a Vefture of yellow Cloth,
coming both before and behind them, fpangled with red Croffes, and
having burning Torches in their Hands ; a Crucifix covered 'with black
Linen, was borne before them, in token of Mourning. Thofe who
were to receive Sentence of Death, had Mitres of Paper upon their
Heads, which the Spaniards call Coaca ; being produced in this Manner,
they were placed in Order, one under another, as they were efteemecj
culpable: The firft who ftood up, was Dr. Cacallas, an Aufiin Friar, a
Man notable and fingular in Knowledge of Divinity, Preacher formerly
to Charles V. Emperor, both in higher and lower Germany,
Things being thus difpofed, there followed a Sermon preached by a
Dominican Friar, which lafted about an Hour; after that was .fi-
nifhed, the Procurator General, with the Archbifhop, went to the Stage,
where the Princes and Nobles ftood, to minifter a folemn Oath unto them
upon the Crucifix painted in the Mafs-Book ; the Tenor of the Oath
was this:
Your Majefties, &c. fhall fwear, that you will favour the Holy In-
quifition, and alfo give your Confent unto the fame ; and not only that
you fhall by no manner of way, hinder and impeach the fame, but al
fo you fhall imploy the utmoft of your Help and Endeavour hereafter, to
fee all thofe to be executed, who fhall fwerve from the Church of Rome,
and join themfelves to the Sed of Lutheran Hereticks, without refpect
of any Perfon or Perfons, of what Eftate, Degree, Quality, or Condi
tion foever they be. Thus

The tiiftory of the 1 N QJ?1 S IT I ON. 3V1
Thus much for the firft Article ofthe Oath; the fecond is as fol
lowed!. ••— - - >¦ •-
!#;», Your Majefties fhall fwear,, that you fhall conftrain all.your. Sub
jects fo-f^bmit th&nfelves to tlfe. Church of Rome, and: ro 'haVeffr Reve-
tence all the Laws and Command merits of the fame, and alfc to give
your Aid againft all them, whofoever fhall hold of the Herefy ofthe
Lutherans, or take any part with them.
When all the Princes and States-, everyone in their Degree, had taken
their Oaths, then the Archbifhop lifting, up his, Fland, gave them .his
Benedictibrf. ••' T^feR folemn Piece of Pageantry being over, "the1 poor Pri
foners' were 'called -our,; the Procurator began firft with Dr. Cacplla,
and fo proceedeoVtothe others in Order, as placed in the following Table,
with their Names and their Judgments defcribed.
:onL-ii:o'J '

J .'JUL- I., J J - V;VA

.,.,., . I. Dr. Cacalla,. a Friar Auguftine. . ^
-"Before the Pope?s:great Pfoctor; ' or Collector Fifcal, firft was called
forth Doctor Aufiin Cacalla. Tins Doctor was a Friar of Aufiirls Or
der, and Prieft of the Town of Valladolid, and Preacher fome
time -to ^e^^Srii^ePor -Gharlei V. a" Man well accounted of for his
Learning, who, for that he was thbughtto be as the Standard-Bearer of
the Gofpel, and a Preacher and Doctor to the Lutherans,,, therefore he
being firft called for, was brought from his Stage, nearer to the Proctor
Fifcal, there to hear the Sentence of. his Condemnation : Which was,
that he fhould be degraded, and prefently. -burnt,: and all his Goods.
confifcate to the Profit and Advancementofluftice. :
H?.. Francis de Bivero, Prieft of Valladolid, find Brother to Dr. Cacalla,
: The- fecond Prifoner was Franck de Bivero, his Brother, Prieft alfo
oi Valladolid, who- received likewife the fame Sentence of Condemna
tion. And to the intent he fhould not! fpeak any thing to the' Prejudice,
ef againft the Abufe, ofthe facred Inqrrrfition, as he before had done,
both within tmd without the Prifon, :with' much Baldnefs ; and alfo be-
G&afe he was- much favoured ofthe People ; to the end therefore that no
Commotion fhould come by his Speaking, his Mouth was fo flopped,
that he could not utter one Word.
-- ^« A a a III. Dame

l6% The -Hiftory of the I N QUI SI T I>0 N.

III. Dtf/«<? Blanch de Bivero.

-I, -y^ |; ..\ -,:-v. . ' T'f

The third was Dame :, Blanch, Sjfter, to th,e two above-mentioned, a«
gairift whom alfo was pronounced the fame Sentence as upon- her Bre*
thren. IV. Jphn de Bivero,. . ;.,- . ,
.''--• t ¦¦'.- ' '.-•'-' ' A A/ ¦;. . ;
The fourth Was y^« ^ Bivero, Brother, to. the reft/ who was alfo
judged an Heretick, and condemned to perpetual Prifon, and to bear -his
Sanbenito all his Life long, which is an Habiliment of Difhonour,
V. Dame Conftance de Bivero, another Sifter.
¦¦¦>'¦¦¦ \- '\ ••-' - - -• ". , ""rv T
Dame Conftance de' Bivero was the 'fifth Sifter to the other, and Wi
dow of Ferdinando Ortis, dwelling fome time at Valladolid, was alfo con
demned to be burnt with her Brethren.
VI. The Coffin with the dead, Corps of Dame Leonpre de Bivero, ibe< Mother.
-: ¦ oj 'them all. • ¦ ...;,.¦¦ , aI
The fixth Thunderbolt of Condemnation, was thundered againft this
Coffin, and the poor dead Corps, which had been long dead ; above the
Coffin was her Picture laid, which was alfo condemned withk her dead
Body, to be burned for an Heretick j; and yet I never heard of any Opi,
nion that this Picture did hold either with, or againft the Church of
Rome. This good Lady, . while fhe lived, was a worthy Maintainer of
Chrift's Gofpel, with' great Integrity of Life; and retained divers Af-
femblies of the Saints in her Houfe, for the Preaching of the Word of
God. In fine, her Corps and. Picture alfo being brought before the Ffjfc
cal, were condemned to be burned for Lutheran Hereticks, ^nt(all hel}
Goods to, be feized for , the Benefit of the fuperior .* Pa\yers, her Haufq;to
be utterly rafed, and eaft down to the Ground ; .and for a "Mempriajof1
the fame, a Marble Stone was appointed to be fet up on the Place,,
whereon the Caufe of her Burning fhould be engraved.
, TV r- - ' VII.

The Hiftory of the f I N Q U I S I T I O- N.- j6 3
VII. Mr. Ajfonfe Perez, Prieft of- Valence.
In- the feventh Placej was condemned Mf.Aflonfe Pere.z, Prieffof
Valence, firft 'to- be degraded, and afterwards burnt for an Heretick, all
his 'Goods confifcate, and likewife feized to the : Behoof of the Supe
riority. When thefe feven had received their Sentence, then the Bifhop of Va
lence, in'his Pontificalibus, caufed Dr. Cacalla, Frauds' his' Brother, and
Alfotife Perez, to be apparelled and revefted in prieftly. Vefture : . Which
done; -he:tbok.trom;tEemy firft the Chalice put of their Hands, and fo
all the other Trinkets in\ their- Order, "according'to the aceuftomed' So
lemnity. And thus they being degraded, and all the prieftly Unctions
taken from their Fingers, alfo their Lips, and their Crowns rafed, their
Sanbenito was again put over their Shoulders, and the Mitres of Paper
upon their Heads. This being done, "Dr! Cacalla began to fpeak, pray
ing the Princes and. Lords, to give him Audience; but that not being
granted unto him, he was rudely repulfed, and returned again unto his:
Standing. Only thus much he forced them to hear : He protefled clear
ly and openly, that his Faith, for which he thus fuffered, was not
heretical,' but confonant to the pure Word of God ; for which he was
ready to fuffer Death, as a true Chriftian, and not as a Heretick; befides
many other worthy Sentences of great Confolation, which he there ut
tered in the mean Space, while the Judges were bufy in their Sentences
againft the Refidue of the Martyrs.
VIII. Don Peter Sarmiento, Knight of the Order of Alcantara..
The eighth that was brought before the Fifcal was Don Peter Sar
miento, Knight ofthe Order oi Alcantara, dwelling at Valence, and Son
of the Marquis de Poza: He was pronounced an Heretick, and adjudged
to bear the Mark and Habit of Difhonour all his Life; condemned like-
wife to perpetual Imprifonment, with the Lofs of his Order, and of all
his Goods, to whom moreover tit was injpined never more to wear any
Gold, Silver, Pearls, of any precious Stone about him.

:0A i: A AA -. ;•¦¦•¦
. . 1 e,, 1 ¦-¦¦-.. ; .(-,-,, 1,
•-•CF' !- v '! ' Aaa'2 IX. Dame

3S4 '^Hiftory */ /fcrftRQU I S I T I O N;
IX. Dtf/w Meneia, JFt/? ofthe faid Peter.
Ninthly, after him was called Dame Meneia his Wife, -, who being
proclaimed an Heretick, was condemned tp", the fame Punifhrrtent, as
her Husband was before.

X. Don Lovbde Roxas, Son and Hrir of the Marquis de Poza.
He alfo being declared an Heretick,; but great In terceffion being made
for him, he was only condemned to wear -his- Sanbenitb unto the Towri-
Houfe, and his Goods to be confifcate.
Xi. Dame .Anne Henriques.
In the eleventh Place followed Dame Anne Henriques, Daughter of*
the Marquis Afcanzes, and Mother to the Marquis de Poza, then Wife
to the Lord Alphonfus de Fonefco: She in like fort wasdeclared an Here*
tick, and condemned to wear her Sanbenho to the Town- Houfe, and her
Goods to be confifcate.

XII* Chrifiopher del Campo,
Chrifiopher del Campo was the twelfth, who after he was declared an
Heretick, was adjudged to be burnt, and his Goods to be feized* ..

XIII. Chrifiopher de Padilla. -

,-. i [-.-.

The like Sentence was alfo given againft Clmfiopher de Padilla^ Citizen
of Samera* a l, .

UTifi ..1" • 1
XlV:'.AntPnio'de.:Flliez"uello

V. i" --. < . ' <--. ,A.'A) >A'i
: •"¦¦ V '\

The fourteenth was Antdriio de Euczuello, Batchelor of Divinity, dwel*
ling at Toro, who after he was proclaimed an Heretic^ and his Goods eon-
fiicate, was condemned to be burnt ; and moreover had his Mouth flop
ped, left he fliould make a Confeffion of his Faiih unto the People.
XV. Katharine

The Hiftoty of the IN QU I S I T I ON. 3 6>

XV. Katharine de Roman.
. Who being called from her Standing, received the like Sentence, viz,
to be burnt, and her Goods confifcate.

XVI. Frances Errem.
The fixteenth was Frances Errem% born in Pegnaranda, whom they
condemned to be burnt alive, and all her Goods confifcated.
# XVII. Katharine Ortega.
The feventeenth was Katharine Ortega, dwelling in IValladolid, Daugh
ter oi Hernando Piazo, Fifcal, and Widow of Captain Lovis, fhe being
reckoned to be a School-Miftrefs to the reft* was condemned to be burnt,
and her Goods confifcated*

XVIII. and XIX. Ifabel StMdsl, and jane Valefques. -
In the eighteenth and nineteenth Place ftood Ifabel Strada and Jane
Valefques, both of Pedrofa: They were both condemned to be burnt,,
and their Goods confifcated.
: u- -.2 -. .: ?— -¦-:* a-
XX. J Smith: ¦ -'¦
A certain Workman of white Iron, for entertaining Affembliefe in hift
Houfe, and for watching with them, received the fame Sentence, to
lofe both Life and Goods-for the Gofpel's Sake4
XXI.0 Goncalo Vaes$ rfToftligdl Jewv
'- -fr -:........ A, aw ...a:-, t ; L
The twenty firft Was a Jew bf Portugal] named Goncalo Vael
hi Lisbon, who had been formerly baptized, but fince had again return
ed to Judaifm; who^'for more Shame to the other, was put amongft
them^and condemned to undergo the fame Sentence, viz. to be burnt,
and nirGoods feized; Xxii*

i66 The Hiftory of the IN QUI SI T TO NT

XXII. Dame Jane de Silva.
After thefe, was called D.ame. Jane de Silva, Wife to John de Bivero,
Brother to Dr. Cacalla : She was enjoined to wear a Mantle all her. Life
for Penar>"^ *i token of her Trefpafs, and all her Goods confifcated.
"UI. Leonore de Lifueros Wife of Huezuello.
, ; . In like manner was fhe> called.;- . .- .:-.¦:•:;¦... a.v.>
*
XXIV. Marina de Sajavedfa.
a Item; Marina de Sajdvedra, Wife, of Cifueras de Sareglio.
-'.,-¦ '¦. fi - . ,.j ¦¦ ay,' a _ >_' ¦•¦ _
XXV. Daniel Quadra.' ;' '
Item, Daniel Quadra, born at Pedrofa ; all which three Perfons were
pronounced Hereticks, and condemned to dp Penance in perpetual Pri
fon, with their Mantles, and Confifcation of all their Goods.
'¦• v : _ •¦' . . ¦• •- *;.-'••.. ¦ ff a
XXVI. Dame Mary de Royas.
The twenty fixth was Dame Mary de Royas, Sifter of the Marquis
de Royas ; but becaufe fhe was in a Cloifter, and well defeended, fhe
was only condemned to bear her Mantle to the Town-Houfe, and all
her Goods confifcated. : ; '.< .- •¦ r;
XXVII. Anthony Dominick.
He bein^ brought puty.wasjcpndemnedtq, three Years Penance in Pri
fon, for his Herefy, clothed with a Mantle of Yellow, and all his Goods
confifcated.

xxyni.

The Hiftory; of the I N QU IS IT ION. 397

XXVIII. Anthony Bafor, an Englifhman.
L&fLof all was produced ". Anthony Bafor, who, becaufe he was an
Englipman, was. judged to bear his Mantle to the Town-Houfe for
his Criame, and then was thruft into a Cloifter for one Year, to the In
tent he might there be inftructed in the Catholick Ordinances of the
Church of Rome, as they are called.
After thefe Sentences were pronounced, they which were condemned
to be burnt, with the Coffin of the dead Lady, and her Picture upon
the fame, were committed to the fecular Magiftrate, and their Execu
tioners, who were commanded to do their Endeavour. Then they were
all immediately taken, and every one fet upon an Afs, with their Faces
turned backwards, and led, with a great Number of arm'd Soldiers,
unto ihe^ Place cf Punifhment, which was without the Gate of the Town,
called Del Campo. ; -
When they were come thither, there were fourteen Stakes fet up, at
equal Diftance one from another, whereunto every one feverally being
faften'd; according to the Fafhion of Spairi, they were all firft ftrangled,
and then burnt to Afhes, except Anthony Huezuello, who, becaufe he
had both within and without the Prifon, vehemently detefted the Pope's
Spirituality, therefore he was burnt alive, and his Mouth flopped from
fpeaking. And thus thefe faithful Cbriflians, for the Verity, and pure
Word of God, were led to Death as Sheep fo the Shambles; who not
only moft pioufly did comfort one another, but did alfo fo exhort
all that were prefent, that every one marvelled greatly, both to hear their
fingular Conftancy, and to fee their quiet and peaceable End.

.'V, A' AAA

¦~i.ia:

t. i -

ui;

RELA-

fi . . A^. . , .in. , --_¦. - a - > V A
I'J'y 3,"-l. I -..';- A. A- ' .-) A ¦';'.> J A\ . .
hd t') lA7lt -di fo 3/A ;,hA!AJi "A
A1 .:' ¦

'-. if- iO"
f * f.

3tf8 The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITIO NJ

SR E L AT I ON VI. '77
Ofthe Detention of Mr. Louis Rame, in the Prifons of the Inquifition.
in the Kingdoms of Mexico and' Spain, and of his happy Deliverance,.
fent by him to Madam De  '-
,a., ..-j- . :ii 7 • ij "i.irn -'J -"'.ail* : 0ai ..: j;;-.j
Madam,. . vaoo;, .t' ¦: v... a :!tua )
N Obedience to what yon have been , pleafed to, command me, I fend
you in Writing a Relation of my Mjsfprtunes, and, of my happy De
liverance. I would not, Madam, have undertaken to let it appear in,
Writing, had not you commanded me to, do it> having never been but a?
poor Sea-faring Man,: You will. not find my Difcourfe and Style very
pleafing; but all that I have taken care oi, Madam, hath been to/elate
the exact Truth. Do -not wondey, Madamj if I fet down the very-
Dates when feveral Things happened ; for t had no other Occupation or
Thought,, whilft I was in the Inquifition, which has made me retain
the Memory of every Thing as frefh in my Mind, as if it had happened
but Yefterday. I hay9 thought needful, alio, Mariana, ^ let. you know
what relates to the .Ways and Means, of my Deliverance, aqd fotha| Ef
fect, I have joined to, my Relation, feveral Pieces whkh have been ufeful
for the obtaining my Liberty. You'll fee amongft them Copiejs of the
Letters which were prefented to the Queen pf Spain, when fhe paffed
through Bourdeaux, by my Wiie ¦ EHzabeph Meuigaud, accompanied by
the hbbot :De Manifian of Bourdeaux.-y as- aifo.thq . Sj^lkitfltions made to.
the Spanip.&mbzffafbor-, who came to meet die, Queen,. -and to acconi-:
pany her into. Spain; the Copy of a Letter prefented to the Marijchal
D'Etree, before he failed with his Squadron for America ; the Copy of
a Letter writ by me to the French King, and fent to Paris ; another.
Copy of a Letter which his Excellency the Marquis De Feuquiere, the
French Ambaffador at Madrid, did me the Honour to write to me ; the
Copy of a Petition, prefented by Monfieur Etienne Morel, Merchant in
Sevil, to the Marquis De las Minas, imploring his Afliftance ; the
Copy of a Letter of Recommendation to the Governour of Cadiz, and
to- the General the Conde D'Aguiar; the Copies of feveral Letters of
Perfons who did their Endeavours for my Deliverance; and, after all,
the Copies of thofe of Don Pedro Catalan, Conful of the French Nation
at Cadiz, who did much towards my Releafe out of the Prifon of that
Place,

The Hiftory df the INQUISITION. 3 69
Place. I beg of you to receive it all kindly from him, who will always
take as a great Honour the fubfcribing himfelf,
. ..., ., . Madam,
- Your moft humble and
VA.
moft obedient Servant,
> ¦ < v--> - '-A '
LotrisRAME.

>r/'\

^Examination gf'Louis Rajvie, by the Inquifition , of Mexico in
New-Spain, &c. in 1679, l68o,v 1681, 1682. ,7
THE firft Time of my being brought before the Tribunal was the
third of February 1 679. for which Purpofe I was taken, out of a
Prifon in the lowermoft Court, where I had been put in at my Arrival
from Vera Cruz. They made me fwear to tell Truth,, and afterwards
lay my Hand upon a filver Crofs, and then afked nie' the following
Queftions.

i J

A.? , A"A7 YD] A : fll ."VAii A.

Queft. Was you ever, are you now, or will you "be, of our Holy, Faith,
and Catholick, \ApbJbblick, and Roman Religion ?
• Anfw. I never was, ah* not, nor ever will be, pf your Religion.
¦ QJVhatdiyourNameV' - ' "v'f(i5°'"'. /
nA. Louis RameV --' 'V{ -ff '
h" (Qffiha't Age areyduofi
'A. Thirty' eight Years old.
- QAjWhere was you born ? r < . ". ]
A. At St. Pierre d'O Heron, in the Province of Xaintonge.
• - , 1 ¦' " ¦ ' A
After thefe Queftions they went on' reading what followed! :
Louis Rame, Heretick, born at St. Pierre d'O Heron, in the Province of
Xaintonge, thirty eightYears old, black flair, burnt in the Right Cheek,
wanting one of his Nails, as alfo one Tooth . lqofe in'the inferior Jaw,
well-proportioned in Body, fomething tall, 'brought iji the faored Prifon
Number 19. But before this, they had felt my Pocketf. and taker/ off
; •", B b b rnv

3 70 The *HIftoryv^/:/^ 1 N'QOT-S I T10 Ni'
my Garters and a §hbulder-Knot. which I had on •, .and then they .went
on catechifing me in the following Manner-: . - ; . -a -a:
Q^filVhat Religion are you of ?.-
A. Of the Religion inftituted by our Saviour Jefus Chrift, and the E-
vangelfek and Apoftolick Law.
To which they anfwered me, Thou liefi; and then went on again with
thefe Queftions. ¦- -
Q^ What Religion art you off
^A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
QffWhy' do vou call it Proteftant ?
A. Becaufe 'of the Proteftation made, that they did not feparate them
felves from the Religion- of Jefus Chrift,- but from the Augmentations
mane to it by the Popes of Rome. ..,. . . , A, ,?..-,,-,'
Q^ffVhere was you- "hap fifed F
A. i\tf>t. Pierre deLalle. , ,:„. ,-,;j -.,;,,: ' o a:7"" ' -i3 ' .a*"""" "'
Q^_jBy wiw// ? ,,. . 7 ';
^. By NioniieurCherdavoine, Minifter of the Word of God.
¦ Q^JVho was your Godfather ? . . t , , ., . . ; , , o :
-4. Louis Raoul. -,,r. -vf- -ov!' '- - •- r- a w!
" Q^Who was your Godmother F i:, Uoiil'j t ip
./?. Mary Challeron.
Qi^In what Mannerwas you baptifedF -v?^ -• - Q
yl After the Minifter having preached a Sermon, the Godfather and,
Godmother prefent themfelves with the Child, the Minifter afks them,
Do you prefent this Child to be baptifed ? To which they anfwer, Yes.
Then the Minifter reads feveral Paffages relating to the Mifery arid Sin
we are born in ; after which, taking fome Water in his Hand, he\ perors
it on the Child's Face, faying at the fame Time, Louis,'} baptifethee
in the Name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghoft. Amen.
Q^JVas it pure Water f
A. Juft as it comes out of the Spring.
QfWas it not mixt withfweet Waters f ., v3,r . , ,, , •[,,-. a , - . .a -
A. No.
Q^ How do you know it F
A. By my having been Godfather to other Children.
Q^Who are your Father and Mother ?
A. John Rame, and Judith Challeron. - . i7 ¦ .^u .
Q^ How many Brothers and Sifters have you ? A. I

The Hiftdry <?/*&> INQUISITION. 371
A. I have had eighteen. v
QiffVho are they ?
A. James, John, Lewis, Anne, Elizabeth, Sufart, Jean, Peter, Sa^
muel, Cyrus, Peter, and Judith Rame?, and others which are dead,
Q^Who is your Grandfather by your Father's Side ?
A. James Rame. .;
QflVho is your Grandmother by the fame Side?
A. Mary Raoul.
Q^-^* they living ?
A. No. --: -li ¦'¦'¦' ¦¦ ¦•¦ -'
QjffVhat Religion are they oft
A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q^JVhere were they buried?
A. In the Burying-Place of thofe of our Religion.
(\_How many Uncles and Aunts have you by your Father's Side f
A~ Three. : hr:t
Q^ffVhoare they ?_.-
A- James, Peter, and Mary Rame.
Q.Are they married ?
A'. Yes.
Q^JVith whom.
A- James with Mary Teffier.
Q^Have they any Children ?
A. Yes, James Rame.
Qifs Peter Rame married?
A. Yes, with Mary Neffier, and have no Children.
Q. With whom is Mary Rame married ?
A. With John Dandoneau.
Q;_ Have they any Children ?
A. Six or feven Daughters.
Q;. What Religion are they of 2
A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q^ What Employ or Trade were they, and are they of?
A. My Grandfather, my Father James Rame, and his Son, have been,
and are ftill, Dealers in Corn, Fruit, and other Things of the Growth
of the Country : Peter is a Woollen-Draper, and John Dandoneau is
Owner and Mafter of a Veffel which he navigates himfelf.
Q^JVho it your Grandfather by your Mother's Side?
A. John Challeron.
" Bbb2 Q,#ty

3#i, Tte<sw&t %ft0mmm<i ^Mirajsr
(XWho is your Grandmother by the fame Side?:
A. Mary de la Croix.
„r Q^fflre they .living ?
A :.¥0'V; xi: \ar a a
Q^JVhat Religion ^e re they of ? 7
yl Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q^fiHow do you know jtj - ;
X By having feen them buried in the aforefaid Buryipg-Place. \v
O^ What Employ had they ? \ i« -?\\ •¦ :
A. They were Woollen-Drapers.
Q±_How many Uncles have you by ydur Mother's Side.'?,?
A. One, John Challeron. .'a7a' :a7: -v'i
Q^_How many Aunts have you by the fame Side?1-- w?
yl Anne and Mary Challeron,. ,
Q^Are they- -ffmrriedFii , .-.,, _,-,-,.
yl ^ofe Challeron died a Batchelor, ^««i? and Mzry are married.
Q,. Who are your Uncles by Alliance or Marriage ?-4 '
A. James Gandouin and Michael, iTpumeilr^ £.-*.: f :
Q^JHave they any Children ? V.*-' " -.
yl James Gandouin w//£ Anne Challeron have Abraham, John, James,
Peter, Mary and Anne Gandouin ; Michael Tourneur and Mary Chal
leron'.? Children are, Michael, John, Anne, Mary, Judith, and Martha
Tourneur. Q^JVhat Religion are they of?
A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q.. Of what Trade? v f, -,% -{-- \
A. Captain and Owner of a Ship. .„ „ ,i v t, , , . ,, ..1V., „ .,,.
Q. Have you never, or any of your Relations, been xhafiifed by the
Holy Office. !:-iVAi)':A-.7.:7 •/<
yf. In the firft Place, there is no Holy Office in F-mnce, neither do
they know what it is there. And in the fecond,, thofe of pur Religion,
generally fpeaking, live fo regularly, that they fall but. feldom tinder, the
lafh of Juftice. >.« >-.-. -
r . - * ¦ Q^ Did you ever ftudy for any publick [Employ t d
'..,^% ', '-.>- -IA' An'^.i--. Jit,
i.£Uuty4 you ever go to School? ...
A. Yes. ,:.,. ~j
Q^ /F/fo wv« y0«r Schoal-maftcr ? ,-,
A. Monfieur Jeaneau. Q^JVhat

2»dflffcfrp iof gb¥3Haw u Til o n 47 3
Q^ffVhat Religion was he of?
A. Of the Proteftant Religion, a
Q^Hyiv^inafty Tear. Ldid you go, there? .:
A. Till I was ten Years old.
Q^At the Age of ten where did you go? fi ,w,
A. To the School of Monfieur PierreCoufini
Qjffff what Religion was he ? ' :\.-\\ -
A.^Qi the. Roman QathohciRehgion^ a: ¦ i \
QzffVhy do you call it Roman ?
A. Becaufe it believes all what the Popesypf Rome. Qfd,e&
Q^fiHow long did you go to that School ¥
A. Till I was fourteen.
Q. What did you do afterwards ?
A. I embarked for England. \ .'
.Q- Ufonl®y£.r,Sfap:?Al ^ia.aaLA
A. Upon the Friendpip.
Q. Who was G(tyJm:ofthen? ¦> :
A. Jonathan Haift. "-. a.v5(
Q. Of what Religion was he ? ih
A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q. How long did you fiay in England?),,
A. Two Years.
Q.. FfAm^m^^er^^ejAiymh £v.u\. \
A. To my Father's at Olleron.:r-\;n;,v>' }
Q: How long did you fiay at your Father's?,.
A. A Year. ,a-i '*
They muft always fay a certain Time here j for the Inquifition doth
not admit of the Words almoft or about.
Q. What did you do there ? '-- •
i^A. I went to and fro to Rochel, in a Veffel to fell Salt, i
Q. Where did you go after that Time?' ¦ • - h. > . '! -' "' ¦ '
Q. I went to Monfieur Boffuet's an Attorney at Marennes.
Q. How long did you fiay with him ? <
A. Six Months. ""• w7 -V-V .;
Q. From thence where did you go ?
A. To my Father's.
Q. What Time did. you continue there ?
A; AYeari-A.. ' A:. >..- .0 \ -v-,, J 7
Q^ After that Time where went you ?
' , A. To

3 74 3TCte • ^^ery ]# il& ENQU I S 1 TI O NT
/I To Amfierdam in Holland. "'-¦ > ' i
Q. How wr<? /^^ Captain and Ship caUed?
A. The Captain's Name was Peter Albert} ah&tfee Ship Was qdled^TA?
Church. Q. /Fj&<2/ Religion was he of ? '•'
yf. Ofthe Proteftant Religiortt a
Q. Hiw /i?«g- ievr<? _yoa /i^/r ?
A. I was a Year, both there anti in a Voyage which I made tp Green
land. Q: ^Vow thekd^wt^hdldWugof
A. To my Father's. ' - -7
Q. What did you do there ?
A. What my Father commanded me.
' Q. How long did you flay with him ? a
A. Till the Year 1664. at which Time my Father and Mother died.
Q. Where were they buried? .a7\aa; v.- ;
A. In the aforefaid Burying-Place of the Proteftaiits.
Q; What did you do after their Death ? ..-iu-l'-.
A. I remained Coafting there with a Vefiet>tilti667.
Q. After that, where did you go?
A. To the Iflands of America, fit
Q. With whom ?
A. With Monfieur Ozee Cornu, up^the^^p^Iled^S3'^¦i(^^¦o^/^•,
belonging to the American Company.'
Q: What Religion was he qf? i ,,-
A. Of the Proteftant Religion.
: 77 QiCiMm? Jmigtwiirfbui with him. It 1
A. Five "Months. :'u-j:h 1
Q. What did you do afterwards ? ...... ,tt , „..,.-¦.-.*.. .
A. I embarked on rite Ship ADaro'thy, '' commanded by Captain Tkomas,
belonging to the aforefaid Company.,™ vw
Q. Of what Religion was. he? - a 7-v
A . Of the Proteftant Religion^. . \ ; .' . ';
Q. What Time did you fiay with him ?
A. A Year. r-> .«L Vl-
Q. Where did you go after that ?
A. I fhipped my felf as Pilot,'- on the Ship1 tailed the* St. Efprit,
commanded by Captain Daniel Granat oi Rochel, bound Jor the Iflands
•f America. d of

Thmmy hf the INQUISITION, 3 7s
Q^Ofi what Religion was he?
A, Of the Proteftant Religion.
Q^JHow long was you with him ?
A. A Year; 'we returned to Dunkirk, 3'pd fk>m. Fiunk^r^t^^tf^
I Q^jimat" did; you do afterwards'^ Ao'ub.v
A. 1 went on board the Ship called the St. John oi Nants,- command
ed by Captain John Heurtin ; we failed to Port Louis, andhaving taken
our, lading of Pilchards' there, ..we went, to Barcelona, -v where ,we fold
them;- from, thence, we failed for All cant,' to take a Cargo of Soap and
Pot-afhes ; and after fix Montfts'Voy^ge we. returned 3^$08$&j/. _rA;
QffVhat Religion was" the- Captain'-jOf?--.:
• A. Of the Proteftant Religion. ?;"<
Q^JVhat did you do after your Return ?
<¦"¦ A. I ftaid' fome time- at Rochel, to have -my Ship refitted, which I was
M&fe Captain of; • after which I failed from Rochel to Nanfs,. where I
took iny Lading of Wine.aiid Brandy, which I carriedjq Dunkirk ; from
thence I failed to Port Louis, 'where I took in a Cargo of Pilchards, for
Barcelona; from Barcelona'! went to'- Alicant, where being loaden with.
Soap and Pot-afhes I went to Roan, 'and arrived there in March iby 2,
at which time the War was declared between -France and Holland: From
Roan I failed to Nants, ironj Nants to<Malaga, irorn Malaga to Roan,
froni Roan to Rochel, and from .Rochel .to<fjisbon], where I arrived in
May 1673. At wMtitime I fhipt myfelf as: Boatfrwam, on board the
King's Ship, the Apollo, commanded by, the Marquis de Langer on \
fome time after we returned to Rochel,. and the King's; Ships being dif-
jjrmed, we were all difeharged.
iQffWbai did you do then ¦?. . '.
i A. I-ftaid in Rochel, where I was in a little time married,
- ! Q^ With whom ?
• A. With Elizabeth Menigaud, Widow.of .John Laurans,
Q. After being married what did you do. ?
"A. As married folks do. f- ai
'Q; Have you 'any Children?
A. No. - "*
" Q. Had your Wife any tlhildren by ber fir fi Husband?
A. "Yes. '
Q. - Who are 'l they ? -
¦A. Jobnfi'Francisfi Andrew, koA\<Eli%nbeth Laurans.
Q. Have you any Relations by your Wife s Side? '
'*» ¦• ; 'A. Mv'

%16' The Hiftory of r^IINQmSlTI^MT
A. My Mother-in-law, Mary Foret, and fome Sifters. hvLaw.
Q.. Of what Religion are they ?
A. Ofthe Proteftant Religion.
Q. How- long-did you'fiay 'in Rochel dfter beingAztmavried?: AT A a-
. A. Three Months ; after which Trailed for Lisbon, and . returned
home in three Months time.
ii:Qy What' didyou do after that? - ¦¦
A. I had my Ship fitted upland failed -for the ilflands. of America,
c-MtdfiGiiadtilouppe'and St. Chrifiopher' s ;.. -where I unloaded, f, and loaded
my Ship, arid arrived %thomethev$thdiAjunl, 1675.:
Q. What didyou do after yourARetufnhbmef aaa ¦-.¦-•
A. I ftaid at Rochel three Months, and then failed for theTfland of
Fagal; .from Fagal I went to the Iflaridof Cayenne, 'from Cayenne to the
jtftahd,6f Mdrtinico ffand in coming out from thence I was takenby two
Prr\%teers< of1 '€urdfaw, •' who having (kept me , /Prifoner '!a Month,.; afterr
vvards fet. ni&'-'on Shbre^ '--at* thePoint.of thenSands \' oijSt.Chriftophers;
where Larrived Oh zsi ^Friday, iand the 5ft#^. following , at iNightj Iem-
barqued on a Ship belbnging to Havre. de Grace; -called. The Mermaid,
commanded by Captain Mifan, who failing northward about a hundred
aridfwenty Leagues^ his Ship fpr-Ungia Leak and funk;. .we, got into the.
Boat to the Number vof thirty'Aine Perfons, arid ,wei:e 'jive Days \vithv
out either' Eating or Drinking': 'The firft Land, we fjnade was; Porto. Rico,
where we landed ;' we fpent thfe-Day in drinking.of.Waterand^ easing of
Oranges^ at Night, for our Safety, we went info the Boat.. ag&in,' and
anchored in the "Bay, to 'pafs away the -Night, whlchproved very trou^.
blefome, becaufe of the Wind and Rain, whidi laftcfd tiJloMorning. The
next Day it was refolved^ that we fhould walk up intone /Country,, to
feek for fome '-'Prbvifions,* "which; we "could no- longer ;fubf{ft without;
four of us iet out at Break of Day, being thofe who were the moft heal
thy and able to undertake it. '* After having walked about three Leagues,
we came to the Houfe of one Don "Chrifiopher, who prefently Qiderjed
fome Victuals to be brought us. But when after eatings we were yforrgo-
ing away, he told us he could not let us go, and, that- he was obliged! po
carry us before the Governor, where accordingly we went about^ne. a
Clock, the j 2th of April 1676,. -'The Gbvletnor ordered , our Beclai£-
tions to be taken in Writing, having for Interpreter a Father ofthe "Or
der of St. Dominick, who ivoke French ; he ordered me afterwards, tq be
carried to the Corps~devgara>',^cir^(J^
till the End of Auguft 10776 A \\'\\ -,^ ^ ., \A A -,5\ i<\.-. ¦& r a' ('}
v"'': '' CL Where

7?377.

(Afi/7i£^/a//utna nv?vi /y aTlefaAjeor
fa/? r /i /Ar/?/ &v. gang, fa /r vum <f.

* » » *'

a a a a

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S 1 T I O N. 377
Q_ Where did you go then?
A. There came into the Harbour one of the King of Spain's Ships,
called the St. Lawrence, commanded by Don Antonio Stinna, who was
Vice-Admiral ofthe Weft India Squadron, on Board which they fent me,
and he carried me to Vera-Cruz, in New-Spain ; where we arrived at the
latter End of September. I was prefented by the Captain to the King's
Officeis there, that they might give me the Charity-Money which the
King of Spain allows for the poor Prifoners. They told me I might feek
to work for my Livelihood in the Town. I went then to a Baker's Houfe,
whom I agreed with to Jerve in the nature of a Journeyman, tilt
the Flora fhould go for Spain. I continued at his Houfe till 1678, at
which time a Dutchman, who lived alfo there, being taken very ill, they
had a mind to pervert him ; but not being able to work any Thing upon
him, he anfwering them to all their Queftions, Ick canniet Verfiaen, they
defired me to explain what they faid to him ; to which Propofition I an
fwered, I could not comply, becaufe of my being ofthe fame Religion
that he was of: They told me, that that Religion had been reformed
and compofed by ill Perfons, and for to pleafe Libertines, and that the
Pope was the Vicar of Jefus Chr'ff; to which I anfwered, That I had
never heard our Minifters preach any thing elfe but the Gofpel, with ftrict
Orders to follow what our Saviour had commanded us ; and that as to the
Pope, I acknowledged him not as a Vicar of Jefus Cbrift. The 17th
of December, 1678, the Holy Sacrament being carried through the Street
about nine o' Clock, I met it, and would not kneel; and at ten I was,
by your Order, taken up and carried Prifoner to the Houfe of Don Pedro
Eftrada, where I'ftaid a Fortnight with my Feet in the Stocks, having
very little Victuals brought me every four and twenty Hours. When
your fecond Order ' came, I was taken, out of that Prifon, being very
weakTor want of Victuals, and they having clapt a Pair of Irons upon
my Legs, I was carried out of Town in a Coach, and there delivered to
Nicholas le Noir of St. John de los Tainne, who fat me on Horfeback ;
at Night they hand-cuft me ; and in this Condition 1 was delivered into
your Hands like a Murderer.
Q_ Why would you not kneel ?
A. Becaufe of my having read in the Holy Scripture, that the greateft
Punifhment which God ever inflicted upon his People, was upon the ac
count of Idolatry ; and that Tobit hid himfelf to avoid kneeling before
Baal. r
N? 13. C.cc . t He

378 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
He that took my Declaration was called Don Martin de Sbttoy Gufrhan:
He propofed to me, that I fhould abjure my Religion ; I anfwered him,
I could ncr would not do it : He faid, you fhall then flay in this Coun
try : I anfwered him, I believed not : Upon which he grew very angry,
and faid, he would have me burnt.
After this I was fent back to my private Prifon, where I faw no other
Perfon but him that ufed to bring me my Victuals. Every Morning
when he came he faid, Praifed be the Holy Sacrament of the Altar, and
the fame in the Evening when he brought my Supper. If I anfwered
him nothing, he complained that I was infolent. My Anfwer was ge
nerally," Praifed be our Lord J ejus Chrift, and fometimes, Praifed be God:
They brought me a Candle every other Day, and I had one hundred
and eighty two left when I came out that I had not ufed. The Fifcal,
who is a fort of Judge, vifited me every Saturday during five Months,
endeavouring to convert, or rather pervert me. He always afked me at
hisccming in, how it went with me; and I anfwered him, very badly
in this folitary and melancholy Piace. At the five Months End 1 afked
him for a Bock : What Book? faid he. 1 anfwered him, I would gladly
have one that was written by Louis de Grenade, about the Chriftian
Belief: He fent it me, and I read it: About a Fortnight after he fent for
it again, and in this manner I paffed fix Months. I refolved never to
afk: to be carried before the Tribunal. They gave me Victuals which
made me diftracted, and heated me to that degree, that my Head was'
ready to fplit with Pain : I loft my Stomach entirely, could fleep neither
Night nor Day. I had the Piles, which were caufed by that exceflive Heat
of Body which the Victuals had put me in : In fine, I would have given
my Life for a Farthing : At three Months End I was- as dry as a Board ;
I could lie neither upon my Back nor Sides ; my Body was fo lean and
empty that it feemed a Lanthorn, and I talked to my felf like a Parrot;
this lafted to '.he Year's End, at which time 1 was carried before the Tribu
nal. The Fifcal produced, his Accufations againft me; in which he
charged me with all the Evil that a Man can poflibly be thought to be
guilty of; to which I anfwered the beft I could during five or fix
Days. Accufed, Of having been cf the Roman Religion, and that in Eng
land and Holland' I had been perfuaded to embrace the bad Religion I
am now of.
I anfwered, That the Oath which I had taken, of my havingbeen
•always of the Proteftant Religion, was true ; and that if they could prove that

The Hiftory of ihe INQUISITION. 379
that ever I had apoftatized, I was ready to fiibmit to the utmoft Rigour of
Juftice. Accufed, Of being guilty of enormous Crimes, for which I had de
fended Punifhment.
I declared and told the Fifcal, That I was a French Man, and that if
I had committed any Robbery, or other Crime in France, I thought the
Juftice was fo ftrictiy admin iftred there, that I fliould fcarce have efea
ped without Punifhment ; and that if I had killed fome Spaniards whilft
at War with France, the more the better ; but that this was nothing to
fhe Matter in hand, and for which I was brought there, and that as to
the reft,(that is, theoiher too ufual Crime?) if he fhould put in Prifon any
of thofe Men whom he could think the bell Livers, and reckoned the moft
honeft, and there accufe them of having committed Crimes againft the
Commandments of God, he fhould hardly find one that would fwear
himfelf not guilty : And that he might by himfelf know the Frailty of
our Nature, which prompts us to Evil, and keeps us from doing that
which is good.
Queftioned, Why I had a Pfalm Book, and whether it was not to
teach the Doctrines of my eurfed Sect to others, it being forbid len to
read the Holy Scripture in the vulgar Tongue.
I anfwered, That I had this Book for to comfort me ; and that if in
Spain and at Rome it was forbidden to read the Holy Scripture, the Mini
fters of our Religion acted quite contrary; for they commanded the
reading of it as the Apoftles had done, faying, Enquire diligently in the
Scriptures, Sec. and that my Defign was not to preach either for or againft
their Religion.
Accufed, That a Book was found upon me, called, The Life qfRuy-
ter a Heretick, and queftioned, whether it was to fhew the Honefty of
thofe of my Religion.
I anfwered, That I had that Book to read, and confider the Life and
Fortune of that great Captain of illuftrious Memory, and not for Matter
of Religion.
Accufed, That being reading in a Spanip Book called, Ramillete de
Flores, i. e. a Nofegay, in which is the Lord's Prayer, and Prayers to
our Lady the Mother of God, it being asked me whether thofe Prayers
were good, I had anfwered, That thole to God were good, but that the
others were not made ufe of in our Religion : Leading, or endeavouring
by this to lead, People from the right into the wrong Way.
C c c 2 I

3 86 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
I anfwered, That at myMiftrefs Mary de Pinas's Houfe, there was a
little Boy whofe Name was Timotheo, whom I carried often to School ;
that one Day havirg taken his Book, and reading in it before his God
mother, fhe had asked me the fame Queftion as the Fifcal had reported,
and that I made her the Anfwer which I was now accufed of.
Accufed, That a Prieft having afked me why I did not to go Mafs, I
had anfwer'd him that I did not eat Maffes, defpifing thereby the Holy.
Sacrament of the Altar.
I anfwered, That it was true, that a Prieft having bid me go to Mafs,
I had anfwer'd him that I did not eat Maffes, without any Defign of re
flecting on the Service ofthe Mafs.
Accufed, That having been defired to wear a Pair of Beads, to pray
with them to the Mother of God, I had anfwered, that I did not pray to
God by Tale, but as often as he infpired me to doit.
I anfwered, That it was true, and that I had fome Knowledge that
it was not long fince that Way of Praying was practis'd.
Accufed, That having feen the Holy Sacrament go by, I had not paid
to it the Homage and Refpeits due to its Divinity, caufing thereby great
Scandal. I anfwered, That it was true, that the Sacrament of the Romip
Church had paffed by, and that I had not paid Homage to it, looking
upon it as a fort of Idolatry, and not to caufe Scandal.
Accufed, Of having contradicted the Honour due to the Pope of
Rome, denying the Authority given him by cur Saviour Jefus Chrift.
I anfwered, That it was true, that I had always heard our Minifters
preach, that the Pope was not the Vicar of Jefus Chrift.
Accufed, That having afked me why I had no Images to pray to, at
leaft that of my Patron St. Lewis, I had anfwered, that it was a fort of
Idolatry, and that in what place foever one was hid to- pray, God knew
the Heart.
I- anfwered, That this was true, and that it was what I had often heard
and read, and that our Saviour' faid, Come to me all ye that are heavy
laden, and I pall give you reft; and what elfe I could think of upon
thar Subject.
At every Article the chief Inquifitor faid always, Let us write it down.
After having anfwered to all the Accufations laid againft me, this not fa-
tiffying the Fifcal and the Holy Tribunal, they accufed- me of having
deceived the Holy Office, and demanded that I fhould beputto theordi7
nary and extraordinary Torture, to make me confefs. To which I an
fwered,

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 3 8 j
fwered, that they ought to be fatisfied with the Torture which they had
made me fuffer in the Prifon, by the bad Victuals which had been given
me by their Order. After this they fent me back to my private Prifon,
and I was no longer under the Fifcai's Jurifdiction.
The chief Inquifitor vifited me every Saturday during three Months,
preffing me every Time to abjure my Religion ; but I would neither hear
ken or obey to his urging Sollicitations. They proceeded then to give
me fuch violent fort of Victuals, which turned my Head and Brains in
fuch a manner, that I knew not what I either did or faid ; infomuch that
jn one of thefe Fits I had like to have thrown myfelf out of a Window.
This lafted a whole Year, during which I pulled to pieces a Pair of Silk-
Stockings which I had, and with the Silk and fome of the Boards of my
Bed I contrived a fort ot Harp, which I having been heard to play upon, they
took it from me. After this I contriv'd another way how to divert my
felf, and pafs away the Time ; I undid another Pair of Stockings which
I had with me, and with Part of the Worfted, made my felf a Cap, and
with -the reft of it I made Galloon. I made a fort of Needles, to weave
my Cap with, out of fome Boards of my Bed, which I cut out with a
Piece of the Lock of my Trunk, having fharpened it for that Purpofe up
on Bricks. Some Days I made almoft three Yards of Galloon, and then
undid it again, and fo on, to divert my melancholy Thoughts.
The fecond Year being at an end, they carried me before the Tribunal,
where, inftead of feeing the Inquifitor and the Fifcal, as I had before, I
found a great many Ecclefiafticks and Lawyers.
A Jefuit, who was the neareft to me, begun to fpeak, and beftowed
on me the Title of Brother ; telling me, that God had made ufe of all
thefe Ways to open my Eyes, and had brought me into their Power for
the Salvation of my Soul.
I anfwered him, That it had been God's Will to let all thefe Punifh
ments and Afflictions fall upon me, in order to awaken me, and to make
me confider the many Sins which I had committed againft his Divine
Majefty, and to try in a greater Meafure the Refolution and Conftancy
which I had. fhewn at the fame Time that others had abjured their Re
ligion, for the fake of fome Conveniencies of this World, and not out of
a Perfuafion of their being in the Wrong; and that I prayed God to
fortify me in this terrible Trial. He repeated then feveral Paffages of the
Holy Scripture, which he pretended made againft me.
After this, another begun his Difcourfe, and faid, Is it poffible, my
Son, that your Heart can be fo hardened, as not to confider the Wonders of

381 The movy of the INQUISITION.
of God, who has brought you before the Holy Tribunal, that you -might
therein find the Salvation of your Soul. After which he brought the
Parable of the Vineyard, and faid, That God had fent to feek for Labourers
for his Vineyard both in the Morning, Noon, and Evening; and feveral o-
ther Things which I am not capable of forming into a Difcourfe, and
which it's impoffible for me to relate in the fame Stile.
To this I anfwered, Your Reverence will forgive me if I fpeak here
my Sentiments, this Tribunal having granted me the Liberty of fpeaking:
Therefore, I fay, that our Saviour Jefus Chrift called the People to him
by his Preaching and Admonifhing of them, and that he never made ufe
of fecret Prifons, Fetters. &c. That his Depu:y St. Peter feeked not for
falfe Witneffes to make thofe perifh that would not obey him. And that
St. John the Baptifi, by his exemplary Virtues called the People to him.
That after all, I fhould make no Diftinction between my abjuring before
Mahomet, li I were in the Turks Power, and the doing of it before this
Tribunal on this Occafion. That if I had offended and finned by my
not kneeling before a Thing which I could not believe in, they ought to
have reprehended me in a brotheily manner, but not to ufe violent means
for it ; for I knew very well, that when our Saviour made bis Entry into
Jerufalem, fome did cut Branches or Boughs of Trees, and ftrewed the
Ground with them ; others fpread their Garments in the Way, but that
doubtlefs they had not all paid that Refpect and Homage to him ; and
that I never found in the-Gofpel, that our Saviour had made ufe of any
hard Means or Punifhments to bring the People to him; but rather of the
Benignity and Tendernefs of a Father towards his Children.
The others begun to talk, and run down the Proteftant Religion, fay
ing, That it had been invented by one Calvin, who was a very ill Man,
and had been whipt, &c. To which I anfwered, That1 1 knew of no fuch
Religion as the Religion of Calvin, but that my Religion was that of
Chrift. They went on with their Difcourfes, and called me blind, and faid,
That I was an ill Man to be thus rebellious to the Will of God. I de
fended myfelf as well as I could, faying; That if my Religion had not
been from God, I had long fince been overpowered by the Violences and
ill Treatments which I had fuffered in the Prifons, and efpecially in the
fecret one : Moreover, that I believed I was in the right Way, and that
this was my Hope ; affuring all thofe Doctors, of my firm Refolution to
die, rather than to commit fo bafe a Thing, and of the Hope which I
conceived from fo. glorious a Death, inftead of a fbameful Remorfe during,. my

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 383
my Life-time", defiring them, if they thought fit, to proceed to the Exe"
cution of my Body; to which they anfwered in due Time.
They named to me four Attornies, and bid me to chufe one to de
fend my Caufe. I told them, how can one of your Members defend
me ; feeing that I act againft your own Will and Pleafure ? I will have,
faid I, no other Advocate here to defend my Caufe but our Saviour Jefus
Chrift, whom I befeech to ftrengthen me by his holy Spirit againft all
thefe Temptations.
They again bid me to do it : I named one, who prefently begun to
argue with me after the Lawyer's Way ; reprefenting to me, by a great
many fine Words, the Goodnefs and Charity of the Holy Tribunal, in
cohdefcending and offering to receive and forgive me ; but that inftead of
taking hold of this happy Opportunity to fave both my Body and Soul,
I ftill continued obftinately and blindly to run on to my entire Ruin both
here and hereafter. I told him he preached in vain : After which he de-
fifted from my Caufe, and I begged to die.
After all this they fent me back again to my fecret Prifon, where I im
mediately kneeled down, rerurning God moft hearty Thanks for his Af
fifiance in my paft Trials begging at the fame time the Continuance of it
in thofe which I was likely ftill to undergo ; after which I fung a Pfalm.
The chief Inquifitor, Don Juan de Miel, came to vifit me every Sa
turday, and always afked me how I did. I generally anfwered him, as
well as I could in this Place. Do you want any thing, faid he ? I told him
Yes, I 'want the Patience of Job, the Virtue oi Jofeph, the Wifdom of
Solomon, the Refolution oiTobit, the Repentance oi David, Juftice from
your Tribunal, and a quick Expedition. He anfwered me, That as foon
as the Verification was made, I fhould have Juftice done me.
In this manner did I pafs the third Year, being pretty well ufed in
the Beginning; but afterwards they gave me fuch unwholfome Food,
that it brought upon me a violent and continual Loofenefs, which lafted
between three and fourth Months ; and I became as lean and as dry as a
Red-herring. I fung, cried, and fought with the Fifcal, as if he had
been with me, telling him that he was worfe than an Infidel. How
ever I efeaped thefe three Years without falling tick : I was troubled with
the Tooth- ach, and I had one pulled out.
The fourth and laft Year paffed with very little Sollicifation from my
Enemies the Inquifitors, but with great Torments, caufed by the bad
Victuals which were given me during five Months. In

384 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I TT O N.
In the Month. of November, they carried me before the Tribunal;
where the firft Inquifitor faid tome, By virtue of the Oath which you
have taken of fpeaking the Truth, I command you to tell me whether you
continue in the fame Mind and Sentiments as before. I anfwered, Yes I
did, with Tears in my Eyes, believing that the Time of my Death was at
hand. After which my Sentence was read in thefe Words,, viz.
We have found that we ought to condemn, and we do by this actual
ly condemn the aforefaid Louis Rame, to be banifhed out of this King
dom of New-Spain, and to that effect he fhall be delivered into the Of-
;ficer of War's Hands, and put into the Royal Prifon.
This Royal Prifon was formerly the Palace of the great Montezuma, .
when he was Emperor of Mexico. After the Sentence being read, the
firft Inquifitor faid to me, Do you promife by the Oath you
have taken, not to divulge any Thing of what has been done or faid
to you here, under the Penalty of two hundred Lafhes ? To which I an
fwered, That whilft I continued in the Dominions of the King of Spain,
I would fay nothing of it ; but that when I fhould come to France, I
muft of Neceffity tell it ; becaufe it would be asked me where and how I
had been all this while : And upon this they made me take a frefh
Oath. After this they carried me into another Prifon in the firft Court, from
whence I could fee the People that walk'd in the Street, and they gave
me good Victuals duri.ig feven or eight Days ; in which Time my Sight
became ftronger, having almoft loft it before through the ill Food which
they had given me. I was then carried into the aforefaid Royal Prifon :
As foon as I came there, they clapt Fetters upon my Legs. The next
Sunday after, at the Mafs-Time, for which Purpofe there is a Chapel
in the faid Prifon, all the Prifoners were brought out of the Dungeons and
other Places, and carried into a great Hall joining to the faid Chapel.
When the Goaler came to me, I told him, That none of my Religion
did go to Mafs : He gave Notice of it to the Tribunal, arid J was put
in a Room by myfelf, as if they feared that I fhould breed an Infection ;
where I remained during three Months, very ill ufed. The Vice-Roy
with all the Judges came to vifit the Prifons at Chrifimas: I begg'd of
him that I might have fome Eafe from the Hardfhips I endured, telling
him at the fame time how much I had fuffertd, and the extream Want
of Neceffaries I was now brought to.
After this 1 was transfered from the Royal Prifon to Mifcovac, which
is a Village about four or five Miles from Mexico : I was put there in a
Manufacture

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 3 8*
Manufacture of Cloth, which is the Place where all the Thieves and
Malefactors which are condemned by the Juftice, are bought and fold.
During my Stay there, on the Eve of St. Rocq, they gave us all our Tasks
for the next Day; but a Fire happened that Night in our Work-Houfey
which was attributed to the Difpleafure of St. Rocq ; becaufe the'y had
defignedto make us work on that Feftival: Upon this they brought im
mediately St. Rocq in Proceflion to our Houfe, and faid a Mafs to him to
appeafe him.
One Thomas oi Plymouth^ whofe Sirname I cannot remember, turned
Roman Catholick, upon which he was re-baptized, and took for his God
father the Mafter of the Manufacture ; after the Ceremony being over,
they fent hini to give an account of his Converfion, or rather Perverfion,
to the Tribunal. I gave him a Letter, by which 1 complained of the ill
Ufage. I bad met with, and of being detained fo long, as alfo of my be*
ing brought thither by order of the Tribunal ; defiring that if they were
refolved to_ make me end my Days in this Country, they would at leaft
let me have the neceffary Clothes and Victuals : I received the following
Anfwer, viz.
I have feen Mr. Louis Ram'e's Letter, by which I find that he is in
the Manufacture. I underftood that he was on his way for Spain ; but
as it is not fo, he muft prefent a Petition to Don Jacinto de Valguey 
Campqfana, Prefident of the Criminal-Affairs, which I did.
On the Holy Days, called Of the Mother of God, there are People
which go masked into the Churches, and there dance before the Al
tars. From this Manufacture I was carried back into the Royal Prifon,
where I continued fix Months longer with Fetters on.
In the Holy Week many People go to the Churches with Masks on,
and whip themfelves feverely through the Streets, their Backs being
naked; infomuch that fome of them are all over Blood ; and thefe they
call Penitents. They carry at the fame time in Proceffion the Image of
a Man, which they call the SanSlo Chrifio of Nazareth, and every Day
they give it a new Name. They carry alfo in the faid Proceffion the
EigUre of a Woman, to whom- they give the Title of the Mother of God ; •
and there are masked Men which go along dancing and making a thou
fand ridiculous Geftures before thefe Images. Thefe Men are dreffed
With Clothes of all Colours like Harlequins ; and fome have long Tails
hanging behind them. Thefe, they fay, reprefent fome Jews, which,
they pretend,, are born after this manner ; becaufe of their defcending
D d d from

386 The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N.
from the Executioners who crucified our Saviour Jefus Chrift. The fame
Ceremony is practis'd on the Day called Corpus Chrifii.
After thefe fix Months they took me out of the Prifon, and fat me on
a Mule, to cany me to Vera-Cruz, having two Guards along with me,
and Fetters on which weighed at leaft five and twenty Pound : They
made me get up and down with all this Weight, and the Mule was fo
vicious and full of Tricks, that I believe they gave it me in hopes that
fhe would break my Neck. About this time I had the News of Don
Martin de Soto the Inquifitor's being dead ; it was him that had threat-
ned to have me burnt.
At my Arrival in the Prifon of Vera-Cruz, they took my Fetters off,
and put me in a Dungeon, without giving me any thing of what the
King of Spain allows for the Prifoners : However, I lived pretty well ;
for the Mafter whom I had ferved here formerly, fent me every Day a
Pound of Bread, and the Vicar or Lecturer ofthe Place, who thought to
gain more upon me than the Inquifitor had been able to do, came to vifit
me twice a Week, and gave me always Money to buy Neceffaries.
There was one hundred and eight Buccaneers taken at Tanpicq, a-
m'ongft whom Were fourteen "Officers, which were brought to Vera-Cruz
to have their Proceffes made them ; they were all condemned to be
ftrangled, each of them at a Stake : Upon their Arrival I was lock'd up,
that I might, not fpeak to them. They were follicited, during fome
Days, to abjure their Religion; but finding' that they would not do it,
they were carried to the Place of Execution the 20th of June. Five of
them died without abjuring, but nine demanded to be brought back to
Prifon to change their Religion : They were accordingly brought back,
after which they were ordered towafh themfelves, and had every one a
clean Shirt given them ; having drifted themfelves, they ordered them to
chufe God-fathers, and the next Day they were re-baptized. They Were
very much made of, and did eat and drink very heartily, believing them
felves fure of their Lives; but the Night following they were ordered to
remember their Abjuration, and to do the Acts of Roman.. Catholicks ;
and the next Day there was a great Dinner prepared, . where I was invited,
and fat at the upper End of the Table, between the Major and the Vi
car. I had then a vaft long Beard on, for which Reafon fome of the
Company called me the Papas, which is a Name they give to grave and
leanned old Men. They were extream civil to me, and the Major defired
me to have my Beard fhaved off, which I inftantly complied with. ' The
Entertainment being ever, the pretended good Chriftians were carried; to
the

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 387
the Place of Execution, without any farther Notice given them, and
light of them were actually executed. In the ftrangling of the ninth,
called John Morgan, born at Barbadoes, whom his Godfather had a miad
to fave, becaufe of his being a very fine Man, and Captain of a Company
of Soldiers, in which Poft he had been very merciful and kind to the Pri
foners of Tanpicq, three Ropes broke about his Neck, and after the
third time, he was taken up and put in a Coach which the Jefuits had
there, and carried to their Convent. They gave out, that he had feen
the Virgin Mary, and that he never believed he fhould die : And they
came to tell me this Story.
Some time after there came to Town a Father of the Miffion, as they
..call them, which are thofe that are fent from Spain to preach to the In
dians, and to convert them ; this Man was look'd upon as a Saint ; he
ufed to preach all Day in the Churches, and at Night in the Streets. I
was told that he had been raifed feveral times from out of his Pulpit
while he preached, and that God, through his Divine Bounty to Man
kind, had been pleafed to continue him in his Poft, and not to take him
up into Heaven. This faid Father came to the Prifon where I was, and
after fpeaking a few Words to me, fell a conjurfng the Devil to come out
of me ; upon which I told him, I did not know any thing of my being
poffeft : He went away, and I remained in my Prifon till the Month of
.November. It was faid at the Vera-Cruz, that they had feen near the Sun two
Ofiias, (which is the Name they give to the Wafer ufed by the Roman
Catholicks for the Sacrament, after Confederation) that had been lofl
when the Buccaneers plundred that Place ; and I myfelf faw fome
¦Spaniards flaring in a Looking-Glafs fet in the Sun to fee it.
Some Days after there earne from Mexico five Englip Prifoners, who
had made their Efcape from the Manufacture of Cloth, and had gone as
far as the old Vera-Cruz, which is about fifteen Miles diftance from the
new one ; they were feized there and brought to Prifon, and put in the
Stocks : And one Juan Corje, Captain of a Spanip Half-Galley, came
there and cut all their Throats, without any farther Procefs or Notice
given them.
Don Pedro de Eflrada and the Vicar, who had ufed me fo ill, died in
the Hands oi the Buccaneers. They give here Liberty to the Slaves of af-
fembling themfelves in a certain Place, where they ufe to dance and be
merry ; but this is only upon Sundays and Holy days ; and to obtain this
Did 2 Favour

3 88 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Favour, they muft each of them pay half a Rial, which is about Three
pence Halfpenny, which is laid out in Maffes to the Virgin Mary.
I proceed now to give an Account of my Journey from the Vera-Cruz
to Mexico!, in the Mbnth oi -January : Having fet out, as already men
tioned, and travelling about four and twenty Miles a Day, the firft Town
-we met was: Jafiappe'y before we came to it we fawa Chapel, which is
called las Animas, i. e. All- Souls : In the Front of which, as likewife
in the Infides, there are tall Figures painted on the Stone ; they are paint
ed exactly as. the Spainards. are dreffed, with long Swords by their Sidee,
and Daggers on, and with long Muftacho's,. or Whiskers: Moft of the
Carriers, when theft Mules are out of Order, do vow or recommend,
them to the Animas, and if they recover, they efteem them, thebetter
for it, and make a Prefent to the Animas. ¦ Jafiappe is in a fruitful and
pleafant Country ; the People lie here in their Gardens, and the Climate
is mighty temperate. t
After leaving; this Place, we went up a great and fteep Mountain, i cal
led; El Soldado, i.e. the Soldier it is of a very difficult Afcent, and the
Way is fo bad, that there is no going up in rainy Weather : In con
tinuing our Journey to Mexico, we came to a Town called St. John de
los Sanos ; there are Salinas near this Place, where they make Salt with
the Water of a! great Lake, which is as fait as Sea-Water. AlltheCoun-
try hereabouts is extream pleafant and fruitful, and abounds both in
European and Indian Wheat, which they call Maiz, and their Harveft
is at Chrifimas...
Near Mexico, there is a Fountain or Spring which comes out of a
Mountain through fome Minerals: The Water of it is very hotandwhoi-
fome. They fay that the Virgin Mary appeared in this Place to ati'7»-
di an, and told him of this Spring, and the Virtues thereof; the Indian
came and told it to the Arch-bifhcp, who would not believe hirii; fome
time after fhe appeared again to the fame Indian, and fpoke to him as
before ; he anfwered her, that he had done as fhe had ordered him, but
that they would not believe him ; upon which fhe gathered fome Rbfet?
where there never had been any before, and puttherii in. the Indian's
Manta, which is a fort of a thing hke a Blanket, which the Natives
wrap themselves in ; he went then fo the Archbifhop, and told him,
that he had again feen our Lady : They told him he was mad y but the
-Indian, to prove the Truth of what he faid, opened his Manta and .fhew
ed the Rofts which fhe had put in.it. ' And upon this a Chapel was im
mediately built on that Place, which I taw as I went by; but it is no
thing

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 3 89
thing in compaiifon to the Church which is built at the Foot of the
Mountain, which indeed is extream magnificent, having therein Golden
and Silver Lamps, Images, Candlefticks, &c. to the value of above a
Million of Pieces, of Eight, befides an innumerable Quantity of Pearls,
Emeralds, and other precious Stones. ThisChUrch is called Our Lady
of Guadalupa, and ftahds about three Miles from Mexico; and he is not
reckoned a good Chriftian who does not go to Devotion there every Sa
turday : And there are a great many Crutches, &c. left there, as they
tell you, ^by People; who, being. Lame when they came there, were
cured by our Lady, and enabled to return home without Help, &c.
In my Return to the Vera-Cruz, we ftaid 'one Night in a little Town
called. St. Martin, where they have two Harvefts or Crops every Year:
The Plain is watered by a little River which comes out ofthe aforefaid
Mountain. All this Country is extream fine and good, and the Climate
very temperate ; it doth abound with all manner of Cattle. The Spani
ards would ftarve here, were it not for the Indians that cultivate the
Ground. From thence we came to the Vera-Cruz, where abundance of valiant
Spaniards do inhabit ; there are above two thoufand of them here, be
fides three hundred Soldiers in Garifon ; yet they very t^niely-iuffered the
Town to be taken by fix hundred Buccaneers of all Nations.
Some Days after my Arrival here, I was (conducted to the Key by fe
veral Soldiers, who put me in a Boat which carried me on Board of a
Ship bound for the Havana : In two and twenty Days time we got in
fight of that Harbour, but the Wind turning on a fudden to the North,,
we were very near being caft a-fhore on the Coaft.; and the Sea was fo
very high, that the Waves wafhed us quite over, feveral Times ; how
ever, God be thanked, we got in, and the Spaniards went immediately,
wet as they were, and barefooted, to a Chapel call'd the Sanclo Chriftq
of good Voyage, and carried with them the Money which they had pro
mifed, during the Storm, for a Mafs, in cafe of good Succefs and Deli-
prance. The Captain's Name was Don Gregoris Arival, who had his
Family at Triano near Seville.
My Captain, as foon: as the Mafs was over, went to the Governor of
the Havana, and gave him: the Orders relating to the Prifoners, which
were, that he fhould fend us to Spain ; I was led to the Prifon by half a
dozen Soldiers, where I remained, during fix Montns, bcisg treated very
ill; for they did nor give me the King of Spain's Allowance; for jhe. poor.
Prifoners: The Curate of Matamanos came often to vifit me, exhorting me

390 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
me every time to abjure my Religion, thinking to meet with better Suc
cefs than all the reft; but I told him, as I had done to all my other Per
secutors, that I would never do it. The other Prifoners, that were with
me, went to work every Day to the building of a Wall of the Town,
but I was kept a clofe Prifoner.
At laft the Flota came into that Harbour to join fome Regifier- Ships
from St. Domingo, Campeche, Carthagena, and other Places; and after
they had victualled their Ships, and taken in Water for their Voyage to
Spain, I was taken out of the Prifon, to be carried on Board of a Dutch
built Ship, formerly called The TAromp, which the Spainatds having
'bought, re-baptized and called her The St. Jofeph; for you muft
know, that they baptize a Ship as if it were a Child. But the Ships
not failing that Day, I was-put in the Stocks, and continued in them all
that Night ; this was the laft Favour I received from the Spaniards in
America. The next Morning I was carried on Board, and we failed out
ofthe Harbour, taking our Courfe towards the Canal oi Bahama, in our
Way for Spain.
When the Wind is high, and there appears little Lights, caufed by
the Winds, which the Spainards call St. Fielme's Fire, then the Chap
lain of the Ship carries a Box about, and defires every one to give fome
thing towards a Mafs to St. Helme ; and thofe that have no Ready Money,
•promife fomething, and whatever they promife for fiich Ufes is punctual
ly paid at their Arrival, preferably to whatever they may owe. It is al
moft impoffible for a Proteftant to withftand their continual Import-uni
ties; and if fuch a one fhould fall lick and die amongft them, he muft
certainly lofe his Soul and all his Effects.
In fine, after two Months and an half 's failing, we came wif hin fight
of the Coaft of Spain, and failed along pretty near the Shore, the Wind
being very favourable ; when we came near the River of St. Lucar^ there
is a Chapel called Our Lady of Regla, which we faluted with all our
Guns ; this the Spaniards do as a Thankfgiving for their good Voyage
and fafe Return ; and indeed it's all of a Piece with the reft of their fu
perftitious Worfhip.
At our Arrival in the Bay of Cadiz, we found it almoft full of fine
Ships of all Nations, who fired their Guns for Joy of our Arrival.: They
came there to carry away the Gold and Silver, and other rich Commodi
ties which come from the Weft-Indies, and in a little time leave hardly
any to the Spaniards, who are indeed the Mafters and Owners of the
Gold

The Hiftory cf the I N QU I S I T I O N. 391
Gold and Silver Mines; but the foreign Nations are the Coffers where
the Treafore g ;es into.
After my Arrival in the Bay of Cadiz, I expected that I fhould pre
fently be fet at Liberty, ard defired the Captain fo let me go on fhore ;
but he anfwered me, that he could not, and kept me a Prifoner for
fome Days: After which I was, with feveral others, put into a Boat,
every one of us with Fetters on; amongft the reft there were George Mil-
bourgh, Richard Enicq, and other French Men of this City. We were
carried to Seville, and put in Prifon there : We had fcarce any thing to
eat during fix Weeks : The Englip were affifted by the Merchants of
their Nation, but the French had nothing at all given them. In fine,
we were almoft ftarved.
At the fix Weeks End I was called for at the Gate, where I had a
Piece of Eight given me, believing that it was for myfelf; I went and
told it to my Fellow- Prifoners, who went immediately to the Gate,
thinking to receive each of them as much ; but they were told, that the
Piece of Eight, which was given me, was for the twelve Prifoners that
were newly come ; upon which I offered the Piece to every one of them,
but they all anfwered, that they would have none of ir, and that they
had rather be ftarved, and die quickly, than t© be kept thuslingring on;
for there was but five Pence for each of us for a Week. I carried the
Piece of Eight back to the Goaler, who would not take it ; upon which
I threw it at his Feet ; he came in and would have put Fetters upon my
Legs, but 1 would not let him, and he went to complain to the Fifcal.
The Fifcal came with his Officers; he talked very feverely to me,
and I anfwered him as well as 1 could ; he ordered me to be fettered
and put into a Dungeon, where I was three Days without feeing any
Body but the Goaler ; the next Saturday after we had each of us a Piece
©f Eight given us, and I made my Peace with the Goaler for a Piece of
Eight and a half, which I paid him at Times out of what I had given me.
- I paffed the Time after this Manner till Chrifimas, at which Time
the Prefident of the Weft-India Trade, with all the Officers of Juftice,
came to vifit the Prifon ; we defired to be fet at Liberty, but pur Requeft
was not granted us.
After Chrifimas a Woman of this City of London, came to look for
her Hufband in the Prifon oi Seville, in Spain; fhe follicited the Englip
Merchants there, and the Judges fo well, that the Declarations of the
Englip Prifoners were taken, and their Trials run through ; after which
they were fent to Cadiz about Eafier. The Woman followed her Huf
band,
2

391 The mabifof'the " I N QU I S I T I ON.
band, and1 goes* to the Englift Conful % after which fhe went to the Ge
neral of the Army, begging of him to let her have her Hufband and her
Coufih, -who were the two Perfons afote-nanied ; he granted it, and fhe
took them out of the Prifon, ahd the Englifh Merchants at Cadiz gave
her about one hundred Pieces of Eight for the Charges and their Paffage
home. f
I remained in Prifon, , prefenting Petitions every now and then to my
Judges, defiring them either to fet me at Liberty, or to let me know the
Caufe -why they kept me thus ; but I could get no Anfwer from them.
At laft I writ to the Marquefs de Feuquiere, the French Ambaffador at
Madrid, who immediately prefented a Petition to the fupreme Council,
and obtained two Letters from the King, one of them open, and the
other fealed up, directed to Monfieur Bertram de Sot to, Conful ofthe
French Nation, with Orders to my Judges, to fhorten and make an end
of my Caufe, and to confider, that the French Ambaffador had inter
vened in this Affair, telling them withal, that if his Majefty knew who
were the unjuft Judges, who caufed thefe Delays, and made thereby
poor Men perifh, he would take them to Tafk.
After this my Declaration was taken in the Form following : They
made me hold up my Hand, and fwear that I fhould fpeak the Truth,
and then begun thus :
Lewis Pame, forty- feven Years of Age, Native oi' Oiler on, married at
Rochel, of the Proteftant" Religion : And then came all the Difcourfes
already mentioned ; the Day of my Departure from New Spain, the
feveral Prifons I had been in there, and how long in each, &c.
Then they proceeded to my Trial, and condemned me to ferve the
King of Spain at Cadiz, in whatfoever the Governor of that Place fhould
think fit ; for my having been found and taken in the Dominions of
Spain, in the Weft-Indies. After my Sentence being read to me, I im
mediately appealed to the Council of the Indies at Madrid, and gave
Advice of it to the Ambaffador, who prefently demanded that the Caufe
fhould be carried up to Madrid, and he put it into the Hands of his
Commiffary, or Sollicitor : the latter writ to me to fend twelve Pieces
of Eight to Madrid, for the Charges of the Profecution.
Upon this I writ to my Wife at Rochel, who was then gone from
France into Ireland, which "made me lofe much Time ; fo that I conti
nued ftill in Prifon. At laft my Wife received my Letter, which fhe.
anfwered; fhe then came from Ireland to Briftol, and from Brifiol to.
London, where joining' her Endeavours and Prayers to mine, fhe at laft
found

The Hiftory of the IN QU I S I T I O N. 393
found a truly charitable Gentleman, one Monfieur Bouv'ereau, who Writ
to a Friend of his at Madrid about me ; and he to one of his Friends
at Seville, who faw and fpoke to my Judges in my behalf, but could not
obtain my Liberty.
I was after that advifed, by my Friends, to defift from the Appeal,
which I did, and accordingly writ to the Ambaffador about it; his Ex
cellency anfwered me, that I did very well to defift from the faid Ap
peal; that he would give Notice of it to his Sollicitor; and that fought
likewife to acquaint my Judges with it. I prefented then a Petition to
the Judges, letting them know, that I had thought fit to defift front
the Appeal to the Council of the Indies at Madrid, not doubting but
that they would confider better of my hard Ufage, and do me Juftice, &c.
So that after fo much Time loft, I was now patiently expecting their
Pleafure. The Gallions brought over at this Time fix Prifoners, viz. William
Murray, whofe Hair was like that of a Mulatto; he was. about forty
Years of Age, and James  about thirty, both born in London ;
Thomas Black, Native of Barbadoes ; John Servant, Native of Bermudas ;
John Moft, born at Bqfton in New England; and another, whofe Name
I know not ; they all abjured their Religion in the Prifon of Seville j they
took for their Godfather the Archbifhop's Gentleman, and were all re-
baptized : As this happen'd in Seville in Spain, the Englip Merchants of
that Place may very well remember the Truth of what I alledge.
Some Days after five Prifoners, of which Number I was, were or
dered to be fettered and fent on board of a Bark for Cadiz, and we were
forced to walk a pretty Way to it ; after being embarked, we prefently
failed out of the River, and foon arrived at Cadiz, where .-we landed,
and were led to the Prifon of that Place ; being come there, they took
off our Fetters, and clapp'd others on, which weighed between five and
twenty and thirty Pound Weight.
I paffed five Days in this Condition, expecting to be fet at Liberty-:
At laft I fent a Letter to Monfieur Catalan, Conful of the French Na
tion ; upon which he went to fee the Governor, who told him he had
nothing to do in this Affair, and that it depended wholly upon the
General, the Count de Aguilar, who, upon the Confiil's , Intereefiion,
fent a Letter to the aforefaid Governor, with Orders to fet us at Liberty.
Notwithftanding this he would have us to be put under the Direction of
the Mafter of his Majefty's Works; the Conful oppofed it, and demand
ed that he fliould^comply with the General's Order. Twenty-three
,~ E e e Days

3 94 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Days paft in this Conteft, at the End of which the Governor received a
Letter from the Marquis de las Minas, obtained by my very good Friend
Monfieur Morel ; upon fight of which the Governor begun to be more
moderate, and at laft ordered us to be turned out of Prifon.
Being turned into the Street of Cadiz, I met with a Friend who fur-
nifh'd me with Money to pay my Charges and Paffage to England,
which Money the aforefaid Monfieur Bouvereau had gathered from feve^
ral charitable Perfons: God Almighty return the Charity to him and all
them that gave it him. After this I embarkued upon a Ship called The
Loyalty of London, commanded by Captain Clerk, and we failed from
Cadiz to the Downs in twenty eight Days, where I landed, and then
went up to London, where I arrived the J 8th of Augufi, 1687-
God be praifed : I was thought Dead, but am Living.

RELATION VII.
The following Pages are taken from Gavin'* Mafter Key to Popery, who
fpeaking of his own Knowledge, certainly de ferves Credit.
IN 1706, after the Battle of ' Almanza, the Spanip Army being divid
ed in two Bodies, one of them through the Kingdom of Valencia to
the Frontiers of Catalonia, commanded by the Duke of Berwick, and the
other, compofed of the French Auxiliary Troops, fourteen thoufand in
Number, went to the Conqueft of Aragon, whofe Inhabitants had de
clared themfelves for King Charles III. The Body of French Troops,
was commanded by his Highaefs the Duke of Orleans, who was Gene'
raliffimo of the whole Army. Before he came to the City, the Ma
giftrates went to meet him, and offered the Keys ofthe City, but he re
fufed them, faying, he was to enter it through a Breach; andfo he did,
treating the People as Rebels to their Lawful King: ,And when he fiad
ordered all the Civil and Military Affairs ofthe City, he went down tb'the
Frontiers of Catalonia, leaving his Lieutenant General, Monfieur de
Jofreville Governor of the Town. But this Governor being a mild-tem
pered Man, he was loth to follow the Orders left with him, as to the
Contribution Money ; fo he was called to the Army, arid tire Lieutenant
General, Monfieur de Legal, came in his Place. The City was to pay a

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 39 j
a thoufand Crowns a Month, for the Duke's Table, and every Houfe a
Piftole, which by Computation made up the Sum of eighteen thoufand
Piftoles a Month, which were paid eight Months together; befides this,
the Convents were to pay a Donative proportionable to their Rents: The
College of JeJ'uits were charged two thoufand Piftoles, the Dominicans
one thoufand, Auguftins one thoufand, Carmelites one thoufand, &c.
Monfieur de Legal fent firft to the JeJ'uits, who refufed to pay, faying,
that it was againft the Ecclefiftical Immunity ; but Legal, not acquainted
with thofe fort of Excufes, fent four Companies of Grenadiers to be
quarter'd in their College at Difcretion. The Fathers fent immediately
an Exprefs to the King's Confeffor, who was a Jej'uit, with Complaints
about the Cafe : But the Grenadiers made more Expedition in their
Plundering and Mifchiefs, then the Courier did in his Journey : So the
Fathers feeing the Damage all their Goods had already fuftained, and
fearing fome Violence upon their Treafure, went and paid Monfieur Le
gal the two thoufand Piftoles as a Donative.
Next he fent to the Dominicans. The Friars of this Order are all
Familiars of the Holy Office, and depending upon it ; they excufed
themfelves in a civil Manner, faying, they had no Money, and if Mon
fieur de Legal had a mind to infift upon the Demand of the one thoufand
Piftoles, they could not pay him without fending to him the Silver
Bodies of the Saints. The Friars thought by that to frighten Monfieur de
Legal, and if he was fo refolute as to accept the Offer, to fend the Saints
in a Proceflion, and raife the People, by crying out Herejy, Herefy.
De Legal anfwered the Friars, that he was obliged to obey the Duke's
Orders, and fo he would receive the Silver Saints : So the Friars, all in a
fblemn Proceffion, with lighted Candles in their Hands, carried the
Saints to the Governor Legal ; who as foon as he heard of this publick
Refolution of the Friars, ordered immediately four Companies of Gre
nadiers to line the Streets on both Sides, before his Houfe, and to keep
their Fufees in one Hand, and a lighted Candle in the other, to receive
the Saints with the fame Devotion. And though the Friars endeavoured
tor aife the People, no body was fo bold as to expofe themfelves to the
Army. Legal received the Saints, and fent them to the Mint, promif-
ing the Father Prior to give him what remained above the thoufand Pif.
toies. The Friars being difappointed in their Project of raifing the Peo
ple, went to the Inquifrto;s to defire them to releafe their Saints out of the
Mint, by excommunicating' Monfieur de Legal, which the Inquifitors did
iipon the Spot ; and the Excommunication being drawn, and fign'd,
E e e 3 they

39<* The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
they gave ftrict Orders to their Secretary to go read it before Monfieur
de Legal, which he did accordingly : And the Governor, far from fly
ing in a Paffion, with a mild Countenance, took the Paper from the
Secretary, and faid, Pray tell your Mafters the Inquifitors, that I will an
fwer them To-morrow Morning: The Secretary went away fully fatiC
fred with Legal's civil Behaviour ; who the fame Minute, without r&.
fleeting upon any Confequence, called his own Secretary, and bid him to
draw a Copy of the Excommunication, putting out the Name oi Legal.
and inferring in its Place, The Holy Inquifitors.
The next Morning he gave Orders for four Regiments to be ready, and
fent them along with his Secretary to the Inquifition, with Command to
read the Excommunication to the Inquifitors themfelves, and if they
made the leaft Noife, to turn them out, open all the Prifons, and quar
ter two Regiments there. So his Secretary went, and performed the Go
vernor's Orders. The Inquifitors were never more furprized than to fee
themfelves excommunicated by a Man that had no Authority for it ; and
began to cry out, War againfi the Heretick Legal; this is a publick Inr
fuit againft our Catholick Faith. To which the Secretary anfwered, Holy
Inquifitors, the King wants this Houfe to quarter his Troops in, fo walk
out immediately ; and as they continued in their Exclamations, he took
the Inquifitors with a flrong Guard, and carried them to a private Houfe
defigned for that Purpofe ; but when they faw the Laws of Military Dif
cipline, they begged leave to take their Goods along with them ; which
was immediately granted, and the next Day they fet out for Madrid to
complain to the King ; who gave them a flight Anfwer, faying, I am'
very ferry for it, but I cannot help it; my Crown is in Danger, and my
Grandfather defends it, and this is done by his Troops ; if it had been done
by my Troops, I fhould have applied a fpeedy Remedy ; but you mufi
have Patience till Things take another Turn. So the Inquifitors were ob
liged to have Patience for eight Months.
The Secretary of Monfieur de Legal, according to his Orders, opened
the Doors of all the* Prifons, and then the Wickedneffes ofthe Inquifitors
were detected : Four hundred Prifoners got Liberty that Day ¦ and among
them fixty young Women were found very well dreffed, who were in
all human Appearance, the Number of the three Inquifitors Seraglio, as
fome of them did own afterwards. But this Difcovery, fo dangerous to
the Holy Tribunal, was in fome meafure prevented'ifoythe Arch-biihopj
who went to defire Monfieur de Legal to fend thofeWSmen to his Palace,
and that his Grace would take care of them. And in the mean time he
¦-'¦>¦• ordered

The Hiftory > of the INQUISITION. 397
Ordered an Ecclefiaftical Cenfure to be publiflied againft thofe that fhould
defame by groundlefs Reports the Holy Office of the Inquifition. The
Governor anfwer'd, he would be willing to affift his Grace in any thing
he could ; but as to the young Women, it was not in his Power, the
"Officers having hurried them away ; as indeed it was not, for the French
Officers were all glad to get fuch fine Miftreffes. As I travelled iri
France fome Time after, I met with one of thofe Women at Rochfort,
in the fame Inn I went to lodge in, who had been brought there by
the Son of the Mafter of the Inn, formerly a Lieutenant in the French
Service in Spain, who had married her for her extraordinary Merit and
Beauty. She- was the Daughter of Counfellor Balabriga : I had known
her before fhe was taken up by the Inquifitors Orders ; her Father died
of Grief, without the Comfort of revealing the Caufe of his Trouble,
even to his Confeffor : So great is the Dread of the Inquifitors there !
I was very glad to meet one qf my Country Women in my Travels;
and as fhe did hot remember me, efpecially in my Difguife, fhe took
me for an Officer. I refolved to flay there the next Day, to have the
Satisfaction of converfing with her, and to get a plain Account of what
we could not know in Zaragofa, for fear of incurring the Ecclefiaftical
Cenfiire publifhed by the Bifhop. Her Father and Mother, in Law, to
fhew their Refpecf. for their Daughter's Country Man, (Mr. Faulcaut her
Spoufe being gone to Paris) invited me to a handfome Supper; after
which I begg'd the favour of herto tell me the Reafon of her Imprifonment j
of her Sufferings in the Inquifition-, and of every Thing fhe knew relating
to the Holy Office, to which fhe readily confented, and gave me the fol
lowing Account :
I went one Day with my Mother to vifit the Countefs of Attarafs,
and I met there Don Francifco Torrejon, her Confeffor, and Second In
quifitor ofthe Holy Office: After we had drank Chocolate, he afked me
my Age, my Confefior's Name, and fo many intricate Queftions about
Religion, that I could not anfwer him : His ferious Countenance did
frighten me, and as he perceived my Fear, he defired the Countefs to tell
me, that he was not fo fevere as I took him to be ; after which he caref-
fed me in a moft obliging manner ; he gave me his Hand, which I kiffed
with great Refpect and Moaefty ; and when he went away, he told me,
" My dear Child, I fhall remember you till the next time." I did not
mind the Senfe of the Words ; for I was unexperienced in Matters of
Gallantry, being at that time but -fifteen Years old. Indeed he did- re-
member'd me ; for the wy fame Night, when we were in Bed, hearing j

398 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION
a hard knocking at the Door, the Maid that lay in the fame Room with
me went to the Window, and afking who was there ? I heard fay, The
Holy Inquifition. I Could not forbear cryingout, .Father, Father, I
am ruined forever. My dear Father got up, .and inquiring what the
Matter was, I anfwered him withTears, the Inquifition ; he, for fear that the
Maid fhould not open the Door as quick as fuch a Cafe required, went
himfelf like another Abraham to open the Door, and to offer his dear
Daughter to the Fire of the Inquifitors; and as I did notceafe to cry out,
as if I was a mad Girl, • my dear Father all in Tears, did put in my
Mouth a Bit of a Bridle, to fhew his Obedience to the Holy Office,
for he thought I had committed fome Crime againft "Religion,; fo the
Officers giving me only time to put on my Petticoat and a Mantle, took
me down into the Coach, and without allowing me the Satisfaction of
embracing my dear Father and Mother, they carried me into the Inqui
fition. I did expct to die that very Night ; but when they carried me into a
noble Room, well furnifhed, I was quite furprized. The Officers left
me there, and immediately a Maid came in, with a Salver of Sweet-
Meats, and Cinnamon Water, defiring me to take fome Refrefhment.
before I went to Bed. I told her I could not ; but that I fhould be obli
ged to her, if fhe could tell me whether I was to die that Night or
not ? Die (faid fhe) you do not come here to die, but to live like a Prin-
cefs, and you fhall want for nothing in the World, but the Liberty of
going out ; fo pray be not afraid, but go to Bed, and fleep eafy, for
To-morrow you fhall fee Wonders in this Houfe ; and as I am chofen to
be your Waiting- Maid, I hope you will be very kind to me. I was go
ing to afk fome Queftions, but fhe told me, fhe had not Leave to tell me
any Thing more till the next Day, only that no Body fhould come to
difturb me ; and now (faid fhe) I am going about fome Bufinefs, but I
will come back prefently, for my Bed is in the Clofet near yours : So
fhe left me for a Quarter of an Hour. The great Amazement I was in
took away the free Exercife of my Senfes to fuch a degree, that I had
not Power to think either of my afflicted Parents, or the Danger I was
in. In this Sufpenfion of Thought, the Maid returned, and. lock'd the
Chamber Door after her; Madam (faid fhe) let us goto Bed, and" be
pleafed to tell me at what Time in the Morning you will have the Cho
colate ready. I afked her Name, and fhe told me it was Mary. Mary,
for God's Sake (faid I) tell me, whether I come to die or not?: I have
told you Madam, replied fhe, that you come tp be one ofthe happieft Ladies

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 399
Ladies in the World : So obferving her Refervednefs, I afked no more
Queftions that Nght, but went to Bed. The fear of Death prevented me
from fhutting my Eyes, fo that I rofe at Break of Day ; Mary lay till
Six 6'Clock, and was furprized to find me up ; however, fhe faid little,
but in half an Hour fhe brought me, on a Silver Plate, two Cups of
Chocolate and Bifcuits ; I drank one Cup, and defired her to drink the other,
which fhe did. Well Mary, faid I, can you give me any Account of
the Reafons of my being here ? Not yet Madam, faid fhe ; have a little Pa
tience. With this Anfwer fhe left me, and an Hour after came again,
with a fine Holland Shift, a Holland Under-Petticoat, finely laced round,
two Silk Petticoats, and a little Spanip Waiftcoat, fringed all over with
Gold, and Combs, Ribbands, and every Thing fuitable to a Lady of higher
Quality than I ; but my greateft Surprize was to fee a Gold Snuff Box, with
the Picture of Don Francijco Torrejon in it. Then I foon underftood the
Meaning of my Confinement ; fo I confidered with myfelf, that to re
fufe the Prefent would be the Occafion of my immediate Death ; and to
accept it, was to give him too great Encouragement againft my Honour.
But I found, as I thought, a Medium in the Cafe ; fo I fa;d to Mary,
Pray give my Service to Don Francifco Torrejon, and tell him, that as I
could not bring my Clothes along with me laft Night, Honefty permits
me to accept of thofe Clothes which are neceffary to keep me decent;
but fince I take no Snuff, I beg his Lordfhip to excufe me if I do not
accept this Box. Mary went to him with this Anfwer, and came again
with a Picture, nicely fet in Gold, with four Diamonds at the four
Corners of it, and told me, that his Lordfhip had miftook, and that he
defired me to accept that Picture. While I was mufing what to do,
Mary faid, pray Madam take my poor Advice, accept the Picture and
every Thing he fends you ; for confider, that if you do not comply with
every Thing he has a Mind for, you will foon be put to Death, and no
Body can defend you ; but if you are obliging to him, he is a very
complaifant Gentleman, and will be a charming Lover, and you will
be here like a Queen : He will give you another Apartment with fine
Gardens, and many young Ladies fhall come to vifit you ; fo I advife
you to fend a civil Anfwer, and defiie a Vifit from him, or elfe you will
foon repent it. O dear God ! cry'd I; muft I abandon my Honour, with
out Remedy ; if I oppofe his Defire, he will by Force obtain it. So,
full of Confufion, I bid Mary to give him what Anfwer fhe thought fit :
(he was very glad of my humble Submifion, and went to give Don
¦Francifco an Account of it. In a few Minutes fhe return'd, with great

4-op The Hiftory: •/ the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Joy, to tell me, i that his Lordfhip would honour me with his Company
at Supper; in the mean Time he defired me to mind nothing, but how
to divert myfelf, and to give Mary my Meafure for fome new Clothes,
arid oifder her to bring me every Thing I could wifh for. Mary added
to this, Madam, Lmay now call you my Miftrefs, and muft tell you,
that I have been in the Holy Office thefe fourteen Years, and know the
Cuftoms of it very well ; but as Silence is impofed upon me, under Pain
of Death, I cannot tell you any Thing but what concerns your Perfon :
So, in the firft Place, do not oppofe the holy Father's Will ; Secondly, if
you fee feme young Ladies here, never afk them any Queftions; neither
iWill they afk you, and take Care that you never tell them any Thing;
you may come and divert yourfelf among them at fuch Hours as are ap
pointed ; you fhall have Mufick, and all Sorts of Recreations ; three
Days hence you fhall dine with them ; they are all Ladies of Quality,
-young and merry ; you will live fo happy here, that you will not wifh
to. go abroad ; and when your Time is expired, then the holy Fathers
.will fend you out of this Country, and marry you to fome Nobleman.
Never mention your own Name, nor Don Francifco' s, to any ; if you fee
here fome young Ladies you have formerly been acquainted with, no
Notice muft be taken, nor nothing talked of but indifferent Matters.
All this made me aftonifhed, or rather ftupified, and the Whole feemed
to me a Piece of Enchantment. With this Leffon fhe left me, faying
flie was going to order my Dinner ; every Time fhe went out fhe lock'd
the Door. There were but two Windows in my Room, and they were
fo high that I could fee nothing thro' them ; but hunting about, I found
a Clofet, with all Sorts of hiftorical and profane Books ; fo I fpent my
Time till Dinner in reading, which was fome Satisfaction to me.
In about two Hours time fhe brought in Dinner, at which was
every Thing that could fatisfy the moft nice Appetite; when Dinner
was over, fhe left me alone, and told me, if I wanted any Thing I
might ring the Bell, and call : So I went to the Clofet again, and fpent
three Hours in reading. I think really I was under fome Enchantment ;
for I was in a perfect Sufpenfion of Thought, fo as to remember neither
Father or Mother. Mary came and told me, that Don Francifco was
come home, and that fhe thought he Would come to fee me very foon,
and begged of me to prepare myfelf to receive him with all manner of
Kindnefs. At Seven in the EvemngDonFrancifco came, in his Night-gown and Cap ;
not with the Gravity- of an Inquifitor, but with the Gaiety of an Officer. He

frV Hiftory <>/ the TNQUISITIO N. 401
He faluted me with great Refpect; and told me, at the fame time, that
his coming tb fee me, was only to fhew the Viilue he had for my Fami
ly, and to tell me, that fome' of my Lovers had procured my Ruin for
ever, 'having' accufed me iii Matters of ReUgion -T that the Infqrrnatjpns
were taken: and' the ^Sentence -pronounced againft me,"' to be burnt alive
in a Dry-Pan, with' a gradual Fire ; but that he, out of Pity, and Love
to my Family, had flopped fhe Execution of it. Each of thefe Words
was a mortal Stroke to rhy Heart; I threw myfelf at his" Feet, and faid,
Ahi Seignior, have you flopped the Execution forever-? That only be
longs to you to flop k,T-or hot1,- faid he/ and wich this he wifhed me a good
Night. ' As foon as he went away, T fell a crying"^ but Mary, came and
afked me what could oblige me to cry fo bitterly. Ah! good -Mary, faid
I, pray tell me what is the meaning of the Dry-Pan, and gradual Fire ?
For I expect to die by it. O Madam, replied fhe, never fear;' youfhall
fee.ei'e long- the Dry-Pan and gradual Fire ;" but they-are made for tbpfe
that^oppofe the <Hoiy Father's Wjill:1" Not. for yqu that are fo,' good- to
obey it. Brit pray, -was Don Pr anci feb' very obliging? I do not know,
faid I, for his Difcourfe has put me out of my Wits ; he. faluted me
with great Civility, but he left me abruptly. Well, faid Mary, you do
not yet know bis Temper, he is extreamly kind fo People that are obe
dient to him, but if they are not, heis'as unmerciful as Nero; fo for
your own Sake, take care to oblige him in all Refpects; and -now, dear
Madam, pray go to Supper, and be eafy.. But the Thoughts ofthe Dry-
Pan troubled -me fo'much, that I could neither eat, nor fleep that
Night. Early in the Morning Mary got Up, and told me, that nq-body was
yet flirting in the Houfe, and that if I would promife Secrefy, fhe would
fiieW-me the Dry-Pan and gradual Fire ; fo, taking me down Stairs, fhe
brought me into a large Room with a thick Iron Door, and within it
was an Oven burning at that time, and a large Brafs Pan upon itj with a
Cover of the fame, -and a Lock to it. In the next Room, there was a
great Wheel covered on both fides, with thick' Boards; and opening a lit—
tfeWindovv in the Center of it, fhe defired me to look with a Candle
on the1 Infide of it. - There I faw all the Circumference,; of .'the Wheel,
was fet with fharp Razors. After that, fhe fhewed 'me a' Pit full, of
Serpents arid Toads. - She faid, now my good Miftrefs, I'll tell you the
Ufe of thefe three Things. The Dry-Pan is for Hereticks, and thpfe
that 'oppofe the Hbry'Tather's Will and Plea W;J;'t They arq put naked
alive into the Pan, and theCoverof itbeifigtoclt'dupY the Executioner
F f f begins

4oi The Hiftory of the I,N QUI S IT I O N.
begins to put a fmall Fire in the Oven, and by degrees he augmenteth it,
till the Body is reduced to Afhes. The fecond is defigned for thofe that
fpeak againft the Pope, and the Holy Fathers ; for they are put within
the Wheel ; and the little Door being lock'd, the Executioner turns the
Wheel till the Perfon is dead. And the third is for thofe who contemn
the Images, and refufe to give due Refpect and Veneration to Ecclefiafti
cal Perfons : For they are thrown into the Pit, and fo become the Food
of Serpents and Toads. Then Mary iald to me, that another Day, fhe
would fhew me the Torments for publick Sinners ; but I was in fo great
an Agony at what I had feen, that I, defired her to fhew me no more
Places ; fo we went to my Room, and fhe again charged me to be very
obedient to all the Commands Don Francifco fhould give me, or I
might be affined, if I was not, that I muft undergo the Torments of the
Dry-Pan. I conceived fuch an Horror of the gradual Fire, that I was
not Miftrefs of my Senfes; fo I promifed Mary to follow her Advice. If
you are in that Difpofition, faid fhe, leave off all-Fear, and expect no
thing but Pleafure and Satisfaction. Now let me drefs you, for you muft
go to wifh a good Morrow to Don Francifco, and to breakfaft with him.
Having faid this, fhe conveyed me through a Gallery into Bis Apart
ment ; he was ftill in Bed, and defired me to fet down by him., and or
dered Mary to bring the Chocolate two Hours after. When fhe was
withdrawn, he immediately declared his Inclination in fo ardent a Man*
ner, that I had neither Strength or Power to oppofe him ; and fo by ex-
tinguifhing the Fire of his Paffion, I was freed from the Dry-Pan. When
Mary came with the Chocolate I was very much afhamed to be feen in
Bed with him; but fhe coming to the Bedfide where I was, and kneeling
.down, paid me Homage as if I had been a Queen, and ferved me: firft
with a Cup of Chocolate, defiring me to give another Cup to Don Fran
cifco, which he received mighty gracioufly ; after Breakfaft fhe went a-
way; we difeourfed for fome Time of various Things ; but I never fooke
a Word, but when he defired to anfwer him ; fo at ten o'clock M®?y
came again and dreffed me. \
We left Don Francifco in Bed, and fhe carried me into another Cham
ber, very delightful, and better furnifh'd then the firft; fpr the Windows
were lower, and I had the Pleafure of feeing the River and Gardens.
Mary then told me, that the young Ladies would come to pay me their
Compliments before Dinner; and would take me tp dine with them; and
begg'd me to remember her Advice; fhe had fcarce finifhed thefe Words,
before I faw a Troop of young beautiful Ladies, [finely dreffed, who all,
Qne

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 4.03
one after another came to embrace me, and to wifh me Joy. My Sur
prize was fo great, that I was unable to anfwer their Compliments; but
one of them feeing me fo filent, faid to me, Madam, the Solitude of
this Place will affect, you in the Beginning, but when you begin to feel
the Pieafures and Amufements: we enjoy, you will quit your penfive
Thoughts ? now we beg of you the Honour to come and dine with us to
Day ; and henceforth three Days in a Week. I returned them thanks,
and fo we went to Dinner. That Day we had all forts of exquifite
Meats, delicate Fruits, and Sweetmeats. The Room was long, with two
Tables on each fide, and another at the Front of it ; and I reckoned in it
that Day fifty two young Ladies, theeldeft of them not exceeding twen
ty four Years of Age : Six Maids did ferye the whole Number of us : But
Mary waited on me alone. After Dinner we went up Stairs into a long
Gallery ; where fome of us play'd on Infiruments of Mufick, others at
Cards; and fome walked about, for three or four Hours together. At
laft Mary came up ringing a fmall Bell, which was, as they informed me,
the Signal to retire into our Rooms : But Mary iald to the whole Com
pany, Ladies, to Day is a Day of Recreation, fo you may go into what
Rooms you pleafe till eight o'Clock. They all defired to go to my A-
partment with me : We found in my Anti-chamber a Table, with all
forts of Sweetmeats upon it : Iced-Cinamon, Almonds-Milk, and the
hke. Every one did eat and drink, but nobody fpoke a Word touching
the Sumptuoufnefs of the Table, or concerning the Inquifition, or the
Holy Fathers. So we fpent our Time in merry indifferent Converfation,
till eight o'Clock, and then every one retired to their own Room.
As foon as they were gone, Mary let me know that Don Francifco did
wait for me ; fo we went to his Apartment ; and Supper being ready,
we fate down, attended only by Mary. After it was over, fhe wen ta-
way, and we to Bed. /Next Morning fhe ferved us with Chocolate,
which after we had drank we flept till ten ; at which time we got up.
When I returned to my own Chamber, I found ready two Sutes of
Clothes of rich Brocade, and every thing elfe fuitable to a Lady of the
firft Rank. I put on one, and when I was quite drefs'd, the Ladies came
to wifh me Joy, all dreffed indifferent Clothes, much richer then before*
We fpent the fecond Day, and third Day in the fame Recreation ; Don
Francifco continuing in the fame manner with me : But on the fourth
Morning, after drinking Chocolate, Mary told me, that a Lady was
waiting for me in her. own Room, and with an Air of Authority defired
me to get up. Don Francifco faying nothing to the contrary, I obey'd,
F f f 2 and

404 The Hiftory; ofthe 'I N'Q'U I S I TIO N.
and^ left him. in Bed : I thought this was fo give me fome new Comfort,
but I was very much miftaken ; for Mary conveyed me into a Lady's
Room not eight Foot Jong,, which. was a perfect Prifon ; and-told me
this was my Room, . a.ndtliis,yotmg Lady rnyBed-fellow artd Companion •
and, without-faying any more,, fhe. left me there, ;.: r. ; 8AAt,,„
What tis this dear L^dy, faid I ?I is it an enchanted Place," or Hell up
on Earth? I have loft Father, and Motheit, and what is worfe, I have
loft my Honour, and my Soul forever. My.new Companion, feeing me
like a mad Woman, took. me by, the. .Hands, and faid) -dear- Sifter, for
thisis the Name I will henceforth give, you, ; for bear, to cry and grieve;
for. you can, do nothing by fech extravagant Behaviour, but -draw upon
yourfe,lf a cruel Death; your Misfortunes and ours are exactly of -a Piece';
you fuffer nothing that we have not fuffered before you ; but we -dare not
fhew our Grief for fear of greater Evils': Pray takeCourage, and hope in'
God, for he will furely ..deliver us out of this hellifh' Placet; hut before?
you fhew no;Un6afipefs before^-Afor^ iivhd is the only Inftrument either-
of our Torments or Comfort: Hive: patience till we go to Bed; ;and then"
I will venture to tell you tmore of the Matterl which I hope Will afford
you fome Comfort. I was in a moft defperate, Condition ; j but toy new
Sifter Leonora prevailed fo, much upon me, that I overcame my Vexation
before Mary- came again to; bring dur Dinner, which was -very different
from what, we had for three Days before, b After Dinner another Maid-
carpe to take -away: the Plate and Knife, . ;for we had but one for us both :
after fhe had gone ;out' and) 'lock'd up" the Door; Now my dear Sifter
(faid Leonora) . we fhall not be difturbed again till eight at Night; foif
you -will. -promife .me upon your: Hopes qf Solvation,;-' to -keep fecret,
while you are; in this Houfe, , all the Things'! fhall" tellvyoii, T! will reveal7
all that I know., o I fhrew^myfelf at herFbet^ and iprorftifed all that fhe7
defired;. iupcjU; which,. witho.ufc further- Ceremony, - fhe begart" as follows*'
" My^dear- Sifter, f 'you think your Cafe, very hard; but-'I affure' you,'
''all the Ladies in thisi Houfe have already gone thro' the fame; -iri time
"you, fliali know. all their Stories, as they iiope to-kn^w^'yours;' I'fujW
'.' gofa.Mary^ hasr been ,' ,the chief • Inftrument- of' your Fright, -as" ;fhe f^s^
"b$en pf-OL^s, ajnd I warrant fha has fhewni you forifie Horrible? Places;)
Yrcfo0'. (n°X. ^l: and that at the only Thought of them, -youlfwere?1|
7 .much, troubled in your Mind,: that4you:have chofen the 'fame Way ^
V did, to: redeem yourfelf from Deathly By^vhat' has happenedtous,
(l \yekmw^t,'J^mi'Frim:ifcbfhas bem<yQ\xv<Nef-o>i frir-the three :'<Jb'i.-'
-is -fours"

The Hiftory "of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 407
" lours of our Cloaths are the diftinguifhing Tokens of the Three holy
" Fathers; the Red Silk belongs to Don Francijco, the Blue to Guer-
<" rero, and the Green to All aga": For they always give the ^bree firft
." of thefe ColourstO thofe Ladies that they bring hither- for thelrUfe. We
" areftrictly commanded to make all Demonftrations'of Joy,' and to be
5' very. merry for 'three-Days when a young Lady comes firft here;' as
¦" wedid with you, and you muft do with others : But afterwatds w6 live
," like PrifonerSs' without feeing any living Soul but the fix Maids, and
" Mary, who is the Houfe- keeper. We dine all of us in the Hall
*• three Days in a Week. o( When any One of the holy Fathers has a mind
kc Tor* One of his Slaves, Mary 'comes for her at nine of the Clock, and
" carries her? to his Apartment: But as they have fo many,' the Turn
" comes it may be but once in a Month, except for thofe that happen to
" pleafethem ¦ more than ordinary, and they are fent for often. Some
" Nights Mary leaves -the Door. of our Rooms open, and that 'is a Sign
" that-One of 'ihe Fathers has- a Mind to come that Night ; but he comes
" fo ¦filen't, ¦ that we do not kfiow whether he is 'our Patron or nor/ If
" one of us happen to be with Child, -fhe is rerrioved into a better Cham-
" ber, and fhe fees-no- -body-but- the- Maid till- fhe -is delivered. s-The
" Child is taken away, and we do not know where it is carried. I have
" been in this Houfe fix Years, and was not Fourteen when the Offi-
" cers took, me from my Father's .Houfe : I ha.v£ had one Child here.
" We have at prefent fifty two young Ladies, and we lofe every Year
" fix or eight; but we do not know where they are fent. We always
" get new in their Places ; and fometimes 1 have feen here feventy three
" Ladies' at once:.; Our continual Torment :is 'to* think," that when the
u holy Fathers are tired of one, they put her to death; for they never
tl (imlhtuh the Hazard of being difcovered in their" Villany : So iho' we
*¦ cannot oppofe cthbirc Commands, -yet .w'e^continually pray to < God' to
"pardon thofe Ills, we are forced to commit, arid to deliver us out of
" their Hands ; fo my dear Sifter; Hariri yourfelf with Patience, for there
" ismo other Remedy.: A ah .'.¦:: A:-\<-.\\ ¦ „' -'>- <aav V- -V ;"1s
f:.This'©i(e6urfe'I6f Leonora prevaild on ;me to appear outwardly eafy
beioieVMaryi I iormdr- every Thing as fhe Cold me.'->- And inthis Manner'
we' livedtogetherAejgh'teen; Months, in which Time we: loft- eleven La
dies, arid we got nineteen new ones, I. knew all their Stories, which are
too long- to tell yOu:To-nighrj, but tifoyou will flay here this Week you
will /noti think youroTiraedoftj'- )I:prqmifed;to fray with, a great 'deal of
Eleafufe/,but b^g'dherteifiQifehiefiwnlStQjDy,' which fhe' did as. follows r
., fAA " ' After

.406 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
After eighteen Months, one Night Mary came in, and ordered us to
follow her down Stairs, where we found a Coach waiting, into which
fhe forced us to go, and this we thought the laft Night of our Lives j
however, we were carried to another Houfe, and put into a worfe Room
than the former, where we were confined above two Months without
feeing the Face of any Body that we knew ; and in the fame Manner
we were removed from that Houfe to another, where we continued, till
we were miraculoufly delivered by the French Officers. Mr. Faulcant,
happily for me, did open the Door of my Room, and from the Moment
he faw me, fhewed me great Civility ; he took Leonora and me to h:s
own Lodgings, and, after hearing our Stories, for fear Things fhould
turn to our Difadvantage, he dreffed us in Men's Clothes for the more
Safety, and fent us to his Father's. So we came to this Houfe, where I
was kept for two Years, as the old Man's Daughter ; till Mr. Faulcant't
Regiment being broke, be came home, and two Months after married
me. Leonora was married to another Officer ; they live in Orleans',
which being in your Way to Paris, I hope you will pay her a Vifit \
my Hufband is now at Court, folliciting for a new Commiffion ; he will
be very glad of your Acquaintance. Thus ended our Entertainment the
frrft Night.

RELATION VIII.
An Abftraf} of Mr. William Lithgow'* Travels and Sufferings.
THIS William Lithgow was a Scotchman, oi what Family or For
tune at this Diftance of Time is not eafy to determine, nor is the
Enquiry very material. He rambled, while a Lad, over the Northern
and Weftern Jflands, adjoining to his Native Country ; afterwards he vi-
fited Germany, Bohemia, Swijferland, and the Low Countries. On the'
7th of March 1609, he fet out froth Paris on thofe Travels, of which
he has written an Account, chequer'd, as the Manner of thofe Times'
was, with Verfe and Profe, and pedantiealy defcribrng Adventures which
are fcarce worth reading ; for had it not been . that he fell int© the Hands,
firft of the Civil Power, and then of the Inquifition in Spain, I dare fay
his Book, as it is now become very fcarce, fo it would have been as
Uttle fought for. However, the Unimportancy of the: Man, the
Folly

The HiH ory of the I N Q U I S I T 1 0 N. 407
Folly of his Behavio-ir, and the whimfical Materials of his Journal, are
fo many glaring Proofs, that in Catholick Countries, fubject to the Court
of whbfe Proceedings we write, even Weaknefs of Underftanding is no
Protection, but a raving idle Rambler is in as much Danger from the
Holy Office, as if he came an Apoftle of Proteftanifm in Partibus Infi.
delium ; fuch is the undiftinguifhing Rage of a bigotted Court and a Blood
thirfty Clergy, that as the fmalleft Offence can provoke, fo no Argu
ment can allay their Fury. Let us now come to the Recital of his Mis
fortunes, which we fhall give with a ftrict Regard to his Senfe, tho' the
Obfoletenefs as well as Uncouthnefs of his Stile has obliged us to, make
fome Alterations in his Language.
At Malaga in Spain, he tells us, he contracted with the Mafter of a
French Ship for his Paffage to Alexandria; defigning from thence to
go to vifit the Court of Prefer John, as he calls him, by whom doubt-
lefs he meant the Emperor of the Abyjfines ; but while he waited for his
Paffage, viz. on the 17th of October, 1620, the Englifh Fleet, cruifing
for the Algerine Rovers, came to an Anchor before Malaga, which it
feems put the Town into a very great Confter nation, the People miftak-
ing them for Turks : Morning, however, difcovered the Miftake, and
Don Jafper Ruiz de Peridas, Governor of Malaga, perceiving the Crofs
of England in their Colours, went on Board Sir Robert Manfel's Ship,
who commanded on that Expedition, where meeting with a very kind
and friendly Reception, he, on his Return, filenced the Fears of his
Burghers, and difmiffed them of their Arms. In the Afternoon, and the
following Day, feveral Perfons from on Board the Fleet came afhore ;
among whom feveral were the particular Acquaintance of Mr. Lithgow,
who, after reciprocal Compliments, fpent fome Days together in viewing
the Town and in Merriment. They then invited him on board, to pay his
Refpects to the Admiral, who received him very kindly, and detained
him until next Day, when the Fleet faild ; at which Time he came a-
fhore, contrary, it feems, to the Advice of the Commander, who would
have taken him with him to Algeirs ; but his Baggage, £fc. being in
the Town, he could not accept of that Offer.
On his Entrance into tbe Town, as he was going to his Lodging by
a private Way, (being to embark the fame Night for Alexandria) he
found, notwithftanding his aforefaid Precaution, himfelf furrounded in a
-narrow uninhabited Street by nine Serjeants, or Officers, who fuddenly
feizing him, wrapped him up in a black Cloke, and carried him by
Force to the Governor's Houfe ; where being brought into his Prefence, he

408 The Hiftory .oftW I NQU I S I T ION.:
he earneftly befought him that the Caufe of this Violence offered him
might be made knowni; but the; Governor only anfwer'd by fhaking his
Headj and gave Orders: tbathe fhouldbe-ftrictly watched; till his Re^
turn from his Devotions ; directing at the fame Time, that the Captain
pf die Town, the. Alcaid Major) and Town Notary, fhould be fummon
ed to attend on his Examination, and that all this fhould be done with
the greateft Secrefyy- to prevent the' Knowledge thereof reaching the
Ears ofthe Englifh Merchants, refidingln the Town. < Thefe Orders being
cqmply'd with, arid the, Governor and thefe Officers; having feated thern-
fejlves,, the Serjeants wereHordered, to retire :cThe- Governor proceeded'to
ask him the ufual Queftions, of his Country, whether bound; and how
long he had been" in Spain* to which the Prifoner having anfwered, he
was withdrawn to a, Clofet., In a . fliorr Space of Time the Town Cap.
tain entered the.Rpom, Land enquired, whether^he had ever been at 5c-
viile, or.was lately come fro rn thence, arid clapping- his Cheeks with an
Air of Frleridfhjp;,-: conjured c him' to the Truth ;Afor, faid he, yOur
jvery Countenance ffiews there is fome hid den- Matter in your Mind;- which
Prudence would direct, you to difelofe. But finding himfelf unable to ex
tort any Thing. from him, to, favour their Purpofe, he reported the fame ;
whereupon. he. was brought before them again ; a general Accufation Was
mentioned unto him;, and he Was obliged to hold up his Hand, and fwear
to give true Anfwers' to what fhall be demanded of him! The Gover
nour then proceeded to. enquire of the Quality of the Englifh Commander, "
.and M1". Lithgow s Opinion, what were the Motives that prevented his ac
cepting the Invitation made him on his Part to go afhore ; he demanded
likewife the .Names, of the Englifo Captains in the Squadron, and what
Knowledge he had of the Imbarkation, or Preparation for it before its
Departure from England ; all which feveral Anfwers were fet down in
Writing by the Notary; but the Junto feem'd furprized at his denying
his being privy to the Fleets fitting out, in particular the Governor fwore
he lied like a Villain, that he was a Traitor and Spy, and came directly
from England, to Spain, , to favour and affift in the Defigns that were pro
jected againft Spain, and had been for that Purpofe nine Months in Se
ville, to procure Intelligence of the Time the Spanip Navy was expected
from the Indies: They objected his Familiarity with the Englip Officers,
and above three hundred other Englip Gentlemen, between whom un-
ufual Civilities bad paffed ; , that all ; thefe. Tranfactions had been carefully
remark'd: Befides, to film up the Whole, and put the Truth paft all
Doub.t, they faid, that hie juft came. from a Council of War held -that
Morn-

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 40?
Morning on board the Admiral's Ship, in order to put in Execution the
Orders affign'd him : They upbraided him with the burning of the
Ifland of St. Thomas in the Weft Indies, wherefore, faid thefe Chatholick
Magiftrates, thefe Lutherans, and Sons of the Devil, ought to have no
Credit given to what they fay or fwear.
In vain did this unhappy Man endeavour to obtain Belief with fuch
prejudiced Judges: He befought them, that he might have Leave to fend
for his Cloke-Bag, wherein his Papers and Letters were, which might
give fome Light to, and ferve to fhew his Innocence. They con-
fented to that Requeft of his, as thinking 'twould open fome Scene
of Affairs of which they were ignorant. The Cloke-Bag was brought
and opened, and contained a Licenfe from King James I. under the Sign
Manual, letting forth the Author's Intention to travel into Ethiopia,
which was treated by the haughty Spaniards with great Contempt. The
other Papers con fifted in Pafports, Teftimonials, .&c. of divers Perfons of
great Quality, particularly the Great Seal oi Jerufalem ; but all thefe Cre
dentials feem'd to confirm rather than abate. their Sufpicions; whereupon
feizing upon all his Papers, he was a third Time, withdrawn ; and in the
Evening the Governor commanded him to fubfcribe his Confeffion : He
obey'd, and they preffed his making a further and more ample Confeffion.
In the mean Time a Confultation being held about the Means to be
ufed for his Confinement, they differed in Sentiments. The Alcade, or
Chief Judge, was for confining him. in the Town Prifon; but the Corri-
gidore objected againft it, faying, in Spanifh, in order to prevent the
Knowledge of his Confinement from reaching his Countrymen, I will
take the Matter upon me, and be anfwerable for the Confequences ;
upon which it was agreed, that he fhould be confined in the Governor's
Houfe with great Secrecy. Soon after a Serjeant entered the Room, and
begged his Money, and Liberty tp. fearch him, . which being granted,
he took out of Mr. Lithgow 's Pockets eleven Ducatoons ; and then un
clothing him to his very Shirt, and fearching his Breeches, he found
enclofed, between two Canvaffes, in the Waiftband, one hundred and
thirty-feven double Pieces of Gold ; upon which the Corrigidore got up
from his Seat, and told over the Money, which amounted to five hun
dred and forty-eight Ducats, and ordered the Serjeant to clothe him a-
gain, and fhut him up in the former Place of Security till after Suuper;
mean Time the Serjeant and Governor divided the Money, to wit, ele
ven Ducatoons of Silver to the Serjeant, and the Refidue the Governor
N°. 14. G g g feized,

410 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
feized, giving afterwards two hundred Crowns of it toward building the
Capuchin Monaftery there.
About Midnight, ' the Serjeant and two Turkiftj Slaves releafed him
from the Confinement he was then in, in order to introduce him into
one more horrible : which they did, by conveying him through certain
Paffages to a Chamber in a remote Part of the Palace, towards the Gar
den, where they loaded him with Irons, and extended his Legs by
means of an Iron Bar of above a Yard long, the Weight of which was
fo great, that . he was, as he declares, incapable of ftanding or fitting, and
obliged to lie continually on his Back. Having left him in this Condi
tion, they returned in a fhort Time with a Refrefhment of Victuals
being about a Pound of boiled Mutton, a fmall Loaf, and fome Wine •
being the firft, the beft, and the laft of this Kind he ever had during the
Time of his Confinement there. The Serjeant then left him, ordering
them to lock the Door, and carry the Key to a trufty Servant. The Day
following, the Governor came in Perfon to the Place of Mr. Lithgow's
Confinement, promifing him Releafement from his Mifery, and a thou
fand other Advantages, to induce him to confefs his being a Spy ; but on
his protefting his Innocency, he left him in great Wrath, fwearing he
fhould_fee him no more, until more grievous Torments fhould conftrain
him to confefs; commanding the Perfon to whofe Care he was commit
ted, that he fhould permit no Perfon whatever, to have Accefs to, or
commune with him ; that his Suftenance fhould not exceed three Ounces
of mufty Bread, and a Pint of Water, every fecond Day; that he fhould
be allowed neither Bed, Pillow, nor Coverlet. Clofe up, faid [he, this
Window in his Room with Lime and Stone ; flop up the Holes of the Door
with double Mats; let him have nothing that bears any Likenefs to Comfort:
Thefe, and feveral other Orders of the like Severity, were given to ren
der it impoffible for his Condition to be known to thofe of the Englip
Nation. Upon executing thefe Orders, this miferable Man remained in that me
lancholy State, without any Suftenance, or feeing any Perfon for two or
three Days, by which Time the Governor received an Anfwer from Ma
drid, and, purfuant to the Inftructions given him, began to put in Prac
tice the Cruelties devifed, which they haftened, becaufe Chrifimas Holy-
Days approached, it being then the forty-feventh Day fince his Imprifon
ment He relates, that about two o' Clock in the Morning, he heard
the Noife of a Coach in the Street ; and, at fome Diftance of Time,
heard the opening of the Prifon Doors, nofc having had any Sleep for
two

jPtwe +jo

FAe . g&ndne.r Sca/p.

 Jfif] &tt<r?t nrAafe er nw 71%/f,

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 411
two Nights; Hunger, Pain, and melancholy Reflection, not fuffering him
to take any Repofe. Immediately the former nine Serjeants with the No
tary came into the Place where he lay, and, without uttering a Word
to him, convey'd him thence, in his Irons as he was, through the Houfe
into the Street, where a Coach waited, and laid him on his Back therein.
Two of them fate befide him, the others walking by the Coach Side,
but with profound Silence. They drove about a League out of Town to
a Vine-Prefs Houfe, where he was fhut up till Morning, to which Place
the Rack was privately convey'd before ; at Break of Day, the Gover
nor Don Francifco, and the Alcaide, came thither in a Coach, into whofe
Prefence he was brought, and defired to have an Interpreter affign'd
him, as their Law allowed to Strangers unacquainted with their Language
and Cuftoms, but was abfolutely refufed it ; nor would they allow his
Appeal to Madrid, as being a fuperior Judicature : But after a long Exa
mination, which lafted from Morning till dark Night, in which there
appeared fo exact a Conformity with his former Confeffions, they
declared he had learned them by Heart, no Prevarication being to be
found : They preffed him again to make a genuine Difcovery ; that is,
accufe himfelf of Crimes fuppofed ; the Governor adding, Tou are ftill
in my Power; I can fet you free, if you comply ; if not, I muft deliver
you to the Alcaide : But nothing being able to ftrike his Conftancy, he
commanded the Notary to draw up a Warrant for delivering him to the
Alcaide-Major's Hands to be tortured.
He was immediately carry'd in Arms by the Serjeants to the End of
a Stone Gallery, where the Rack was placed. The Encarouador, or Exe
cutioner, began to knock off his Irons, which put him to very great Pain,
the Bolts being fo clofe rivetted, that the vile Fellow ftriking with a
Sledge Hammer for greater Difpatch, tore away above an Inch of his
Heel, in forcing off the Bolt; the Anguifh of which, together with his
weak Condition, not having had the leaft Suftenance for three Days, oc-
cafioned him to groan bitterly ; on which the mercilefs Alcaide faid,
Villain, Traytor, this is but the Earneft of what you pall endure. When
his Irons were off the poor Man fell on his Knees, uttering a fhort
Prayer, that God would be pleafed to enable him to be ftedfaft, and un
dergo courageoufly that grievous Trial of his Conftancy when ftraitway
the Alcaide and Notary having placed themfelves in Chairs, he was ftrip
ped, naked, and fixed on the Rack, the Office of thefe Gentlemen be
ing to be Witneffes of, and fet down the Confeffions and Tortures en
dured by the Delinquent. The Various Torments to which he was put
Ggg 2 furpaffing

4ix The Hiftory of the I N QUI S I T LO N.
furpafling all Defcription, I refer the Reader to the Account given there
of in the Article of the Inquifition Torture. Let it fuffice, that he lay
on the Rack for above five Hours ; during which Time, he had inflicted
upon him above fixty different Tortures of fo hellifh a Nature, that it
would feem that Devils had been the Authors thereof ; notwithftanding
that he muft have died under them, had thefe Cruelties been continued but
fome few Minutes longer. In that Condition, he had his Irons clapped
on again, and was removed to his former Dungeon, having received
no other Nourifhment, fave a Couple of Eggs, and fome warm Wine,
rather given to prevent his dying, and referve him for more Punifhments,
than from any Principles of Charity, or Compaffion. To confirm the
Truth of this, Orders were given for a Coach to pafs every Morning be
fore Day by the Prifon, that by its rumbling Noife, it might give freffr
Terrors and Allarms to the unhappy Prifoner, and fo deprive him of all
Pofiibility of Reft or Tranquillity of Mind, as feeming to forbode a Re
petition of the former Cruelties ; this they practifed till Chriftmas Day.
Upon this Day Mariana, Waiting- Woman to the Governor's Lady, had
Leave given her to vifit him, and brought fome Refrefhments, corffifting
of Honey, Sugar, Raifons, and other Confections, which very much re
lieved him ; and was fo touched with a Senfe of his Misfortunes, that
fhe wept very bitterly, exprefhng her great Concern that fhe could con
tribute nothing farther to his Affifiance.
They continued Mr. Lithgow, as before defcribed, though an Occa
fion foon afterwards fell out, that might have cleared up their Doubts
concerning him, by Sir Richard Hawkins's Arrival with his Squadron,
from his Cruife, a little after Chriftmas ; who having Intelligence of
their ill-grounded Sufpicions, with refpect to his Orders, expoftulated
/With the Governor thereupon ; but the great Secrecy with which all the
Tranfaction relating to Mr. Lithgow had been carried on, prevented it
from coming to his Knowledge : And, befides imagining him to be on
this Voyage, all Means for Relief was fhut from the miferable Man ;
for upon Sir Richards Departure from the Coaft, they renewed their
Threats till about Candlemas ; when he was quite fpent in that loathfome
Confinement, and over-run with Vermin,which crawled in Clufters; about
his Beard, Lips, Eye-Brows, &c. fo that he could fcarce open his Eyes;"
and befides, he had no Ufe of his Hands or Legs to defend himfelf, he
wasio miferably maimed by the Tortures. Under fuch a Preffure ofr
Affliction 'tis wonderful that he lived ; nay, he declares that the Gover
nor ordered the Vermin to be fwept upon him twice in every eight Days,
though

The Hiftory of the I N QUI S I T I O N, 41 3
though at the fame Time he acknowledges the greater Humanity of a
Jurkijh Slave, who had done him, contrary to his Orders and their Ex
pectations, feveral Kindneffes, and would at Times, when he could with
Safety, burn the Vermin with Sticks and Oil.
At Length he received an Account from the faid Slave, which gave
him little Hopes of Releafement ; but rather an Affurance of ending his
Days under new Tortures : for that an Englifh Seminary Prieft, and a
Scotch Cooper, had been for fome Time employ'd by the Governor in
tranilating from the Englifh 'into the Spanift) Language all his Books and
Obfervations ; and that they had an Allowance of thirty Ducats as a Re
ward ; that it was commonly faid in the Governor's Houfe, that he was
an Arch-Heretic ; fo that he began, not without Reafon, to fear that they
would rid themfelves of him, feeing they could neither by Torture, nor
otherwife, bring him to vary from what he had all along faid on his Exa
minations : Accordingly, two Days after, the Governor, the Inquifitor,
a Canonical Prieft, accompanied with two Jefuits, entered his Dungeon,
and being feated, after feveral idle Queftions, the Inquifitor asked Mr.
Lithgow, if he was a Roman Catholick, and acknowledged the Pope's Su
premacy ; to which he anfwer'd, that he neither was the one, nor did
the other ; adding, that he was furpriz'd at his being asked fuch Queftions,
fince it was exprefsly ftipulated by the Articles of Peace fiibfifting between
the two Crowns, that none of the Englijh Subjects fhould be liable or
fubject to the Inquifition, or any way molefted by them on Account of
Diverfity in Religion, &c. making Ufe (in the Bitternefs of his Soul) of
fome warm Expreffions no ways fuiting his Circumftances, viz. As you
have murdered me for pretended Treafon, fo now you intend to make
a Martyr cf me for Religion; expoftulating befides with the Governor
for the ill Return he made the King of England, whofe Subject he was,
for the princely Humanity exercifed towards the Spaniards in 1588.
when their Armado was fhip- wrecked on the Scotch Coafi, and thoufands
of the Spaniards found Relief in his Kingdom, who otherwife muft have
petifhed miferably. The Governor admitted the Truth of what he faid,
but reply'd with a haughty Air, that the King, who then only ruled Scot
land, was actuated more by Fear then Love ; and therefore deferved no
Thanks. One of the pious Jefuits faid, there was no Faith to be kept
with Hereticks : Then the Inquifitor arifing, expreffed himfelf in the
following impious and blafphemous Manner : Behold, faid he, the power
ful Majefty of God's Mother, Commander of her Son, equal to the Father,
Wife -to the Holy Ghoft, Queen of Heaven, Proteclrefs of Angels, and fole
Goverm

414 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
nefis of the Earth, and fuch like fhocking Epithets, that you being firfi
taken up as a Spy, accufed oj Treachery, and tortured (as we acknowledge)
innocently, which appears by the Account lately received from Madrid, of
the Intention ofthe Englifh, yet it was her Power, her Divine Power,
which brought thefe Judgments upon you, for prefumptuoufiy treating her
Bleffed Miracle of Loretto into Ridicule,] and expreffing yourfelf in your
Writings irreverently of his Holinefs, the great Agent, and Chrifi's Vicar
upon Earth ; therefore you are juftly fallen into our Hands by their fpecial
Appointment : Thy Books and Papers are miraculoufiy tranfiated, by her
fpecial Providence and Affifiance influencing thy own Countrymen. This
Pedantic Trumpery being ended, they gave him eight Days Time to con
fider in, and refolve to be a Convert to their Religion ; during which
Time the Inquifitor promifed himfelf together with other religious Orders
to attend him, and give him fuch ghoftly Helps thereto, as he ftood in
need of: One ofthe Jefuits had the Charity to fay (making firft the Sign
of the Crofs upon his Breaft) My Son, behold you deferve to be burnt alive ;
but by the Grace of our Lady of Loretto, whom you have blajphemed, we
will both fave your Soul and Body.
In the Morning the three Ecclefiafticks returned, and the Inquifitor ask
ed him what Difficulties he had on his Confcience that retarded his Con
verfion ; to which Mr. Lithgow very properly anfwered, that he had no
Doubts in his Mind, being confident in the Promifes of Jefus Chrift, and
affuredly believing his revealed Will, fignified in the Gofpels, as profeffed
in the Reformed Catholick Church, being confirmed by Grace, and having
infallible Affurance thereby of the true Chriftian Faith : To thefe Words
he replied, Thou art no Chriftian, but an abfurd Heretick, and without
Converfion, a Member of Perdition : The Prifoner then told him flatly,
that it did not confift with the Nature and Effence of Religion and Cha-
ty, to convince by opprobrious Speeches, Racks, or Torments, but by
Arguments deduced from the Scriptures ; and that all other Methods would
with refpect to him be ineffectual : Whereat the Inquifitor being enraged,
kicked him in the Face, ufing many abufive Speeches, altogether unbe
coming the Gravity of the Station he was in, departing from the Cha
racter of a Gendeman, Scholar, or Ecclefiaftick, carrying his Bigotry
and flaming falfe Zeal to that of a Fury, attempting to ftab the miferable
Man, loaded with fo many infufferable Torments ; and he had certainly
accomplifhed it, if he had not been prevented by the Jefuits ; and from
that Time he never came more to vifit him. The enfuing Day the two
Jefuits returned, and putting on a very grave fupercilious Air, the Supe rior

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 415*
rior asked him, what Refolution he had taken ? He told him, he was
already refolved, unlefs he could fhew him good Reafon to the contrary :
Whereupon, after a Pedantick Difplay of their feven Sacraments, Inter-
ceffion of Saints, Tranfubftantiation, Images, Purgatory, Miracles, Me
rit, &c. he boafted mightily of their Church, her Antiquity, Univerfa-
lity, and Uniformity ; which Mr. Lithgow deny'd : For, faid he, the
Profoffion of the Faith I hold, hath been ever fince the firft Days of the
Apoftles, and Chrift had ever his own Church (howfoever obfcure) in the
greateft Time of your Darknefs. Finding their Arguments had not the
defired Effects, that Torments could not fhake his Conftancy, nor e-
ven the Fear of the cruel Sentence he had Reafon to expect would be
pronounced and executed on him, they left him, after fevere Menaces;
and on the eighth Day after, being the laft Day of their Inquifition,
when they pronounce Judgment, they returned again, but quite altered
in Words and Behaviour ; when having repeated much the fame Kind
of Arguments, the two Jefuits, with Tears in their Eyes, protefted they
were forry from their Hearts for that terrible Death he fhould undergo ;
but above all, for thel lofing his more precious Soul ; and falling down
on their Knees, cry'd out, Convert, convert, O dear Brother, for our
bleffed Lady's Sake convert ! He anfwered, he feared neither Death,
nor Fire, being prepared for both : Whereupon they called the Gover*
nor, and having confulted together, he came in and fpoke to the follow
ing Effect : Dear Brother, my greateft Defire is, that thoupouldfl be' a
good Chriftian, a Roman Catholick ; to which, if your Confcience willyieldj
I will foew you as great Courtefy, as you have fuffer ed Cruelty ; for 'tis
Pity that fuch an invincible Spirit, and endued withfo many Virtues, pould
perifh in both Worlds for ever : Be of Courage to, let the Love of our Blef
fed Lady enter your Soul; let not your former Sufferings difmayyoufforlwill
give Order for the Cure of your Wounds, and that you pall be attended and
accommodated with all Things neceffary, in order for your Recovery ; your
Money and Papers pall be returned, your Heretical Books being already
burnt: And further, to demonftrate my Regard for you, I will fend my
own Servant to tbe King, my Mafier, with Recommendatory Letters to him
and the Council, from the Holy Inquifition and myfelf ; by which Means.
you may affure yourfelf oj obtaining a Penfion of three -hundred Ducats a-
Tear. But finding Rewards equally influenced his Conftancy, they all
left him in great Rage, and repaired to the Bifhop and Inquifitor ; for
the Governor was the Inftrument of accufing him to the Inquifition, to:
free himfelf from the Afperfions that might be juftly laid at his Door,. for

4itf The Hiftory of the I N QU IS I T I O N.
for the torturing and confining, contrary to all Laws of Reafon and Na
tions, in direct Violation of Treaties fubfifting, a Subject of a great Fo
reign Prince in Amity with Spain, upon Matter of Conjecture only ; fo
that the Inquifition was brought in as an Affiftant and Screen. The
firft Effects Mr. Lithgow felt of this bloody Tribunal, was a Sentence to
receive that Night eleven different Tortures, under the Preffure of which
if he did not die (which might well be expected from the maimed,
bruifed, and disjointed Condition he Was in, a Spectre confumed, en
feebled, and famifhed) he was, after Eafter Holy-days, by the Sentence
aforefaid, to be carried to Granada, and burnt alive to Afhes-: The firft
•Part of the Sentence was executed with great-Barbarity that Nighf; and
it pleafed God to give him Strength and Refolution, both of Body and
Mind, to ftand faft to the Truth, and outlive it. When they had glutted
their Revenge with thefe unheard-of Cruelties, he was again bolted, and
put into the former Dungeon, where he lay till next Morning, when
the Turkip Slave before-mentioned brought him, as he thinks, fecretly
in his Shirt Sleeve, fome Raifins and Figs, which he licked up in the
beft Manner his Strength would permit, with his Tongue. , He attributes
his furviving fo long, under fuch various Torments, to this Compaffion
of the Turk, who found Means of conveying him fome of thofe Fruits
once or twice every Week of his Confinement ; and what is very ex
traordinary and worthy of Note, is that this poor Slave, bred up from
his Infancy according to the Maxims of his Prophet and 'Parents, in
great Hatred and Deteftation of Chriftians, fhould be fo t nioved with
Gbmpaffion and Pity for his fad State, that he fell ill, and was detained
in Bed fick for feveral Days, occafioned by the inhurnan Ufage of his
Fellow Creature"; which the Servants of the Governor being apprehen-
five of, endeavoured to turn his Pity into Deteftation of him, faying, he
was a Necromancer, and a blafphemous Perfon, having highly, derided
and prophaned their Pope, their Lady, and Church ; infomuch that for
forty Days after, he never durft once come near Mr Lithgow, . who was
in the mean Time attended by a Negro Woman, a Slave, who found
Means to furnifh him ftill more amply than the Turk, having better Op
portunity, being more converfant in the Houfe and Family : She brought
him every Day for four Weeks fome Nourifhment, with a little Wine
in a Bottle.
During this Interval, fince the laft Torturing, Mr. Lithgow waited for
the Day, which, by putting an End to Life, would alfo end his Tor
ments ; when it pleafed God to work his Deliverance in the following Man-

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 417
Manner: It happen'd a Spanifli Gentleman of Quality came from Gra
nada to Malaga, who being invited to Supper by the Governor, he en-
tertain'd the Gentleman, among other Difcourfes, with a Derail of what
had befallen Mi% Lithgo^v, from the Time of his being firft apprehended
on Sufpicion of being a Spy, as before related, being very circumftantial
in every Particular of all his Sufferings ; and that it having been after
wards known that he was innocent, it gave him, the Governor, great
Concern ; and that he would gladly have releafed him, reftored his Mo
ney and Papers, and endeavoured fome Actonement for the Injuries he
had received; but that upon Inflection of his Writings, feveral were
found of a very blafphemous Nature, reflecting, &c. on their Religion ;
who rehiring to abjure thefe heretical Opinions, was turn'd over to the
Inquifition, by whom he was finally condemn'd ; feeming to lament his
Condition, and extolling his Conftancy of Mind. During the Time of
this Difcourfe a Flemip Youth waited at Table, who being ftruck with
Amazement and Pity at the Sufferings of the Stranger, after Supper, and
his Return to his Mafter's Lodging, began to revolve what he had heard
in his Mind, which made fo flrong an Imprefiion on him, that he could
take no Reft, imagining in his fhort Slumbers, that he faw before him, what
had been figur'd in his Mind by the aforefaid Relation ; a Perfon on the
Rack, and burning in the Fire : In this Anxiety, he paffed the Night ;
and when Morning came, he dreffed himfelf, and not difclofing his Pur
pofe to any Perfon, he enquired for an Englip Factor, and was direct
ed to the Houfe of one Mr. Wild, to whom he related the whole of what
he had heard difcourfed of between his Mafter and the Governor ;.but
could not tell Mr Lithgow's Name : However, Mr. Wild conjectured
'twas he, by the Servant's remembring the Circumftance of his being a
Traveller, and being befides acquainted with him : Whereupon, the Fle
ming being gone, he inftantly fent for the other Englifo Factors, being a-
bout feven then in Town, and confulting with them upon the moft
proper Expedients, they all agreed to fend an Exprefs of the whole of
this Affair to Sir Walter Afion, his Majefty's Ambaffador to the King of
Spain,, then at Madrid, who having prefented a Memorial to the King
and Council pf Spain, he obtain'd an Order for Mr. Lithgow's Enlarge
ment, and Delivery to the Englip Factory. This Order was directed to
the Governor of Malaga, to the great Diflike and Surprize of that Bloody
Affembly of the Inquifition. In fine, he was releafed on Eafiler Satur
day, about Midnight, and carried on the Slave's Back before-mention'd,
to one Mr. Busbich's Houfe, where all proper Comforts were adminifter'd
H'hh to

4i 8 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
to him. In the mean Time, by good Fortune, there being then a Squa
dron of Engliftj Ships in the Road, Sir Richard Hawkins came early a-
fhore, attended with a good Guard, and received him from the MeN
chants. He was carried inftantly, in Blankets, on board the Vangard,
and three Days after put on board an Englip Ship, by the Direction of
the General, Sir Robert Manfel, who ordered that he fhould have all
proper Care taken of him : The Factory prefented him with all necef
fary Provifions, Cloaths, &c. confifting in Poultry, Wine, Eggs, Figs,
Raifins, Oranges, Lemons, fome excellent Bread, and two hundred
Reals in Silver. Sir Richard Hawkins alio fent him two double Piftols.
Before he departed from the Spanip Coaft; Sir Richard Hawkins de
manded the Delivery of his Papers, Money, Books, &c. but could ob
tain no fatisfactory Anfwer on that Head, fave Compliments and Hopes.
It is worthy of Remark how fignally Providence interpofed in this poor
Man's Behalf, when he was juft on the Brink of Deftruction ; for by
his Sentence, from which there was no Appeal, he would have been car
ried, in a few Days to Granada, and burned to Afties; and that a poor
ordinary Servant, who had no Manner of Knowledge ofthe Perfon, nor
was any ways interefted in his Prefervation, fhould rifque the Difpleafure
of his Mafter, and perhaps endanger his Life to difelofe a thing of fo mo
mentous and perilous a Nature, to a ftrange Gentleman, on whofe Secre
cy depended every Thing that regarded him : By fuch Secondary Means
does God interpofe, of which this is a very illuftrious Example.
But to return from this Digreffion ; after twelve Days lying in the
Road, the Ship weighed Anchor , and in fifty Days arrived fafe at Dept-
ford in Kent. The next Morning Mr. Lithgow was carried on a Feather-
Bed to Theobald's in Hertfordpire, where the King and Court were ;
and at the King's coming from Hunting, had the Honour to be fhewn
to his Majefty, and to recount his Sufferings, who was gracioufly plea
fed to exprefs the higheft Commiferation of him, comforting him, and
giving Orders, out of his princely Bounty, that the Man, whom we will
no longer flile miferable, fhould be fent to the Bath, and all his Wants
and Charges fupplied from his Royal Munificence ; by which means,
under God, he was reftored from the faddeft Spectacle and Skeleton,
maim'd and bruifed, to a great Share of Health and Strength ; but loft
the Ufe of his Left Arm ; and having feveral fmaller Bones fo crufhed
and broken, that they were incurable.
. He never could, notwithftanding all Efforts -made Ufe of, procure any
Part of his Money or Effects, though his Majefty and Minifters of State
inter-

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 41?
interefted themfelves in his Behalf : But by Gundamore the Spanff Ara-
baffador's Wiles and Management he was fruftrated, obtaining no other
Recompence than Promifes that all his Effects beformentioned, fhould be
reftored to him, with a thoufand Pounds Englip Money, on Account of
the Tortures he endured, which laft was to be paid him by the Gover
nor of Malaga ; and though the King was become a Kind of Guaran
tee for the Well- Performance thereof, the cunning Spaniard found means
to elude the fame, as he indeed had too great Influence and Weight in
our Councils, during the Time of that pacifick indolent Reign, when
England fuffered herfelf to be bullied into flavifh Compliances, by almoft
all the States and Kings in Europe.

RELATION IX.
The Origin of the New Set of Quiet ists ; tbe Profecution of the famous
Molinos ; his Condemnation, Imprifonment, and Death.
TH E Subject of this Piece is as curious and entertaining, as it is
inftructive and agreeable to the Nature of the Work ; and that
the Reader may come into the true Spirit of it, I muft imform him, that
'twas written on the Spot, viz. at Rome, when the Things related there
in happen'd, and by a Perfon of great Learning and Diftinction. I give
it moftly in his own Words.
Michael de Molinos, a Spaniard of a rich and honourable Family, en
ter'd into Prieft's Orders without taking any Preferment : Whence he
feems to have dedicated his Abilities to the Service of God, without View
of any Advantage to himfelf. He paffes in Italy for a Man both oi Learn
ing, and of good Senfe. His Courfe of Life has been exact ; but he has
never practifed thofe Aufterities that are fo much magnified in the Church
oi Rome, and among the religious Orders : And as he did not affect to
practife them, fo he did not recommend them to others ; nor was he fond
of thofe poor Superftitions that are fo much magnified by the traffick
ing Men of that Church : But he gave into the Method of the Myfti-
cal Divines.
That fublime, but myfterious Way of Devotion, was not fet out by
any Dfthe firft Writers ofthe Church; which is indeed a great Prejudice
againft it i for how many, foever they maybe, who have followed it in
H h h 2 the

4io The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
-the latter Ages, yet Caffians Collations, which is a Work of the Middle
of the fifth Century, is the antienteft Book that is writ in that Strain :
For the pretended Areopagite is now by the Confent of all learned Men
thought no elder than the End of the fifth', or the Beginning of the
fixth Century. Yet after thefe Books appeared, very few followed the
elevated Strains that were in them: The latter was indeed too dark to
be either well underftood, or much followed. So that this Way of De
votion, if it was practifed in Religious Houfes, yet was not much fet
out to the World before St. Bernard's Time, whofe melting Strains, tho'
a little too much labour'd and affected, yet have fomething in them that both
touches and pleafes: After him many began to write in that fublime
Strain ; but above all Thomas a Kempis. And when for fome confide
rable Time that Way of Writing was difcontinued, it was again raifed up in
the laft Age, with much Luftre by St. TereJ'a ; and after her by Balta-
far Alvares, a Jefuit ; and as England produced a Carthufian in King
Henry VI's Time, one Walter Hilton, who writ the Scale of Prefeclion,
a Book inferior to none of thefe I have cited, and more fimple and na
tural than moft of them, fo of late Father Creffey has publifhed out of
Father Baker's Papers, who was a Benedictin, a whole Body of that
Method of Divinity and Devotion. The right Notion of this Way of
Devotion is fomewhat hard to be well underftood, by thofe who have not
fludied their Metaphyficks, and is entangled with too many ofthe Terms
of the School, yet I fhall give it to you as free as poffible.
With Relation to Devotion they confider a Man in three different De
grees of Progrefs and Improvement : The firft is the Animal, or the Ima.
ginative State : In which the Impreffions of Religion work ftrongly
upon a Man's Fancy, and his fenfitive Powers : This State is but low
and mean, and fuitable to the Age of a Child ; and all the Devotion
that works this Way, that raifes a Heat in the Brain, Tendernefs in the
Thoughts, that draws Sighs and Tears, and that awakens many a melt
ing Imagination, is of a low Form, variable, and of no great Force.
The fecond State is the Rational, in which thofe Reflections that are
made on Truths, which convince one's Reafon, carry one to,all fuitabje
Acts : This they fay is dry, and without Motion : It is a Force which
the Reafon puts upon the Will ; and though upon a great Variety of
Motives, and many Meditations upon them, the Mind goes through a
great many Performances of Devotion, yet this is ftill a Force put upon
the Will. So they reckon that the third and higheft State is the Con
templative, in which the Will is fo united to God, and overcome by
- - ¦¦ i H that

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 41 1
that Union, that in one fingle Act of Contemplation, it adores God, it loves
him, and refigns itfelf up to him ; and without wearying itfelf with a
dry Multiplicity of Acts, it feels in one Act of Faith, more Force than
(a whole Day of Meditation can produce. In this they fay that a true
Contemplative Man, feels a fecret Joy in God, and an Acquiefcing in
his Will ; in which the true Elevation of Devotion lies ; and which is
far above either the Heats of Fancy, which accompany the firft State, or
the Subtilty of Meditation, that belongs to the fecond State ; and they
fay, that the Perfection of a Contemplative State above the others, ap
pears in this, that whereas all Men are not capable of forming lively
Imaginations, or of a fruitful Invention, yet every Man is capable of that
Simplicity of Contemplation ; which is nothing but the filent and hum
ble Adoration of God, that arifes out of a pure and quiet Mind. But
becaufe all this may appear a little intricate, I fhall illuftrate it by a Si
militude, which will make the Difference of thofe three States more fen-
fible: 1. A Man that fees the Exterior of another, with whom he has
not the leaft Acquaintance, and is much taken with his Face, Shape,
Quality, and Mien, and has a blind Prevention in his Favour, and a
Sort of a feeble Kindnefs for him, may be compared to him whofe De
votion confifts in lively Imaginations, and tender Impreffions on his
lower andfenfible Powers. 2. A Man that upon an .Acquaintance wirh
another, fees a gieat many Reafons to value and efteem both his Parts
and his Virtues, yet in all this he feels no inward ^Charm that over
comes him, and knits his Soul to the other ; fo that how high foever
the Efteem may be, yet it is cold and dry," and does not affect his Heart
much, may be compared to one whofe Devotion confifts in many Acts,
and much Meditation. But 3dly, when a Man enters into an entire
Friendfhip with another, then one fingle Thought of his Friend, affects
him more tenderly than all that Variety of Reflections, which may arife
in his Mind, when this Union is not felt. And thus they explain the
fublime State of Contemplation. And they reckon that all common
Methods of Devotion, ought to be confidered only as Steps to raifeMen
up to this State : When Men reft and continue in them, they are but
dead and lifelefs Forms ; and if they rife above them, they become Clogs
and Hindrances, which amufe them with many dry Performances, in
which thofe who are of a higher Difpenfation will feel no Pleafure
nor Advantage. Therefore the Ufe of the Rofary, the daily repeating
the Breviary, together with the common Devotions to the Saints, are ge
nerally laid afide by thofe who rife to the Contemplative State; and the
chief

4X1 The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
chief Bufinefs to which they apply themfelves, is to keep their Minds in
an inward Calm and Quiet, that fo they may in Silence form fimple
Acts of Faith, and feel thofe inward Motions and Directions, which they
believe follow all thofe who rife up to this Elevation. But becaufe a Man
may be much deceived in thofe Infpirations, therefore they recommend
to all who enter into this Method, above all other Things, the Choice
of a Spiritual Guide, who has a right Senfe, and a true Tafte of thofe
Matters ; and is by Confequence a competent Judge in them.
This is all that I will lay before you in General, for giving you fome
Tafte of Molinos 's Method ; and by this you will both fee for what his
Followers are called Sfuietifis, and why his Book is entitled II Guida
Spirituale. •
Molinos having it feems drunk in the Principles of the Contemplative
Devotion in Spain, where the great Veneration that is pay'd to St. Terefa
gives it much Reputation, he brought over with him to Italy a great
Zeal for propagating it. He came and fettled at Rome, where he writ
his Book, and entered into a great Commerce with the Men ofthe beft
Apprehenfions, and the moft elevated Thoughts that he found there.
All that feemed to concur with him in his Defign for fetting on Foot
this fublimer Way, were not perhaps animated with the fame Princi
ples. Some defign'd fincerely to elevate the World above thofe poor and
trifling Superftitions, that are fo much in Vogue, among all the Bigots of
the Church of Rome, but more particularly oi Spain and Italy, and which
are fo much fet on by almoft all the Regulars, who feem to place Reli
gion chiefly in the exact performing them. It was thought that others
enter'd into the Defign upon more indirect Motives. Some perhaps from
the Averfion which they bore the Regulars, were difpofed to entertain
every Thing that might lead Mens Devotions into other Channels and
to a Conduct different from that prefcribed by Friars and Jefuits. Some
perhaps had Underftandings good enough to fee the Neceffity of Correct
ing many Things in their Worfhip, which yet they durft not attack as
fimply unlawful : So that it might appear more fafe to expofe thefe
Things to the Contempt of the World, by pretending to raife Men far
above them : And thus they might have hoped to have introduced a Re
formation of many Abufes without feeming to do it. In fine, fome who
feemed to enter into this Matter, were Men that afpired to Fame, and
hoped by this Means to raife a Name to themfelves, and to have a Par
ty that fhould depend upon them ; for in fuch great Numbers as feem'd
to inibark in this Defign, it is not to be imagined that all were acted by

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T 1 0 N. 423
by the fame Motives, and that every Man had as good Intentions as it is
probable Molinos himfelf had.
In the Year 1675. his Book was firft publifhed with five Approbations
before it. One of thefe was by the Archbifhop of Rheggio ; another was
by the General of ihe Francifcans, who was likewife one of the Qualifi-
cators of the Inquifition. Another was by Father Martin de Efparfa, a
Jefuit, that had been Divinity . Profeflbr both at Salamanca and at Rome,
and was at that Time a Qualificator of the Inquifition. As for the reft,
I refer you to the Book itfelf. The Book was no fooner printed, than
it was much read and highly efteemed both in Italy and Spain. It was
confider'd as a Book writ with much Clearnefs, and great Simplicity ;
and this fo raffed the Reputation of the Author, that his Acquaintance
came to be generally much defired : Thofe who were in the greateft
Credit in Rome, feemed to value themfelves upon his Friendfhip. Letters
were writ to him from all Places ; fo that a Correfpondence was fettled
between him, and thofe who approved of his Method in many different
Places oi Europe. Some fecular Priefts both at Rome and Naples declared
themfelves openly for it ; and confulted him as a fort of an Oracle up
on many Occafions. But thofe who joined themfelves to him with the
greateft Heartinefs and Sincerity, were fome of the Fathers of the Ora
tory ; in particular three of the moft eminent of them, who were all
advanced at the laft Promotion of Cardinals, Coloredi, Ciceri, but above
all Petrucci, who was accounted his Timothy. Many of the Cardinals
were alfo obferved to court his Acquaintance ; and they thought it no
fmall Honour to be reckon'd in the Number of Molinos s Friends. Such
were Caffanato, Azolini, and Carpegna ; but above all Cardinal dEfirees.
The laft you muft needs know, is a Man of great Learning : He was
ambitious to be thought a Reformer of fome of thofe Abufes, which are
among them, that are too grofs to pafs upon a Man of his Freedom of
Spirit ; who had been bred up in the Sorbon, and had converfed much
with Mr. de Launay. He therefore feemed the moft zealous of all others
to advance Molinos s Defign ; fo that he entered into a very clofe Com
merce with him. They were oft and long together : And notwithftand
ing all the Diftruft that a Spaniard has naturally of a Frenchman, and
that all Men have of one another, who have lived long at Rome, yet
Molinos, who was fincere and plain- hearted, opened himfelf without
Referve to the Cardinal ; and by this Means a Correfpondence was fettled
between Molinos and fome in France: For though, the Spirits of thofe
of that Nation go generally too quick for a Way of Devotion that was
fettled

4i4 The Hiftory of the I N QU I SI T ! ON,
fettled and filent, yet fome were ftrongly inclin'd to favour it even there.
Perhaps it might be confidered as a Method more like to gain upon Pro
teftants, and to facilitate the Defign of the Re-union, that was fo long
talked of there. All thefe Things concurred to raife Molinos 's Character,
and to render his Perfon fo confiderable. When the Pope that pow reigns
was advanced to the Throne, in the Year 1676. he took moft par-'
ticular Notice of him ; and made it vifibly -apparent, that even in all that
Exaltation, he thought it might contribute to raife his Character, if he
were confidered as a Friend of Molinos 's, and an Encourager of .his De
fign : For he lodged him in an Appartment of theJ Palace, and put ma
ny lingular Marks of his Efteem on him. This made him become ftill
the more confpicuous, when he had the Advantage of Favour joined to
his other Qualities ; though he neither feemed to be fond of it, nor lifted
up with it. His Converfation was much defired ; and many Priefts came
not only to form themfelves according to his Method, but to difpofe all
their Penitents to follow it : And it grew to be fo much in Vogue in
Pome, that all the Nuns, except thofe who had Jefuits to their Confef
fors, began to lay afide their Rofaries, and other Devotion', and to give
themfelves much to the Practice of Mental Prayer. This Way 'had more
Credit given to it by the Tranflation of a French Book, that was- writ
upon the fame Subject, which Cardinal d'Eftrees ordered to be -made*
It was writ in the Form of a Dialogue, and was printed in -France in
the Year 1669. by the Approbation of fome ofthe Doctors ofthe Sor-
bon. I am able to give you no other Account of the Author, but that
in the Italian Tranflation he is called Francis Mallevalla, a blind Cler
gyman. The Book being chiefly formed upon the Model of St. Terefa,
the Tranflation of it was dedicated to the difcalciate, /. e. Bare-footed
Carmelites of her Order. This did not contribute a little for railing the
Credit of Molinos' s Method, fince it appeared to be very much ap
proved both in Italy, France, and Spain. At the fame Time Father
Petrucci writ a great many Letters and Treatifes relating to a Contem
plative State; yet he mixed in many of them fo many Rules relating to
the Devotions of the Quire, that there was lefs Occafion given for Cen
fure in his Writings : They are a little too tedious ; but they were writ
chiefly for Nuns and others, that perhaps could not have apprehended
his Meaning aright, if he had expreffed himfelf in a clofer Stile in fewer
Words. Both the Jefuits and the Dominicans began to be alarmed at
-the Progrefs of Quietifm : They faw clearly, that their Trade was in a
¦Decay, and muft decay ftill more and more, .if fome Stop was not put to

The Hilary lbfthe INQUISITION, 41^
to the Progrefs of this new 'Method t In order to this, it was neceflary to
decry the Authors of it; and becaufe of all the Imputations in the World
Herefy is that which makes the greateft Impreffion at Rome, Molinos and
his Followers were given out to be Hereticks.. It being alfo neceffary to
faften a particular Name to every new Herefy, they branded this with
the Name oi^uietifm. Books were alfo writ by fome Jefuits againft Mo
linos and his Method ; in which there appeared- much of thatv Sournefs
and Malignity that is thought to be peculiar to the Society ; they were
alio writ with their ufual Candor and Sincerity. One of tiie Fathers Se-
gueri took a more dextrous Method to decry it. „ He began his. Book
magnifying the Contemplative State highly, asfuperiortoall others; and
blaming thofe who had faid any Thing that fepmed to detract from it;
yet he corrected att this, by faying, That very few were capable of it; and
that none ought to pretend to it, but thofe who were called by God tofofub-
lime a State: And by this he feemed only to cenfure the Indifcretion of
thofe Spiritual Guides, who propofed this Way of Devotion to: all Perfons
without DiftiiKtion. He alfo believed, that fuch as were: at fome Times
called to it, could not remain long in fo high a S,cate, to which God cal*
led Men rather for fome happy Minutes, than for1 a longer Continuance j
therefore he thought that fuch Perfons as were raifed to it, ought not
to fancy that they were now got fo far above all; their former Helps, , as
never to need them any more ; fo he propofed to them the acScuftoming;
themfelves ftill to Meditation, and to fupport themfelves by that when
{hey could not contemplate. He cerifur'd feverely fome of Molinos' '$
Expreflions, fuch as that, He who had God, had Chrifi ; as if this were
an Abandoning of Chrifi's Humanity : He alfo infilled much on that of
a fixed looking on God, and the fuj 'pending of all the . Powers cfthe^Souh
but that on which he infilled moft, was that iMolipo'sffwhom- he never
named, tho' he cited his" Words, and defcribed hirq very plainly) made the
Quiet of Contemplation to be a State to which a Man could raife himfelf:
Whereas he maintains, that in this Quiet the Soul is paflive, and as it
were in a Rapture ; and that fhe could not raife herfelf to it, but that it
was an immediate aijd Extraordinary Favour, which wasionly to be ex?
pected from Godi and which an humble Mind could not! fo .ttiuch: as
askofhim. "'¦'- -....,'. a <t.i4 , - -i
Thefe Difputes raifed fo much Noife in Rome, that the Inquifition took
Notice of the whole Matter : Molinos and his Book, and Father Petruc-
ci's Treatifes and Letters, . were brought under a fecond and feverer Exa
mination; and here- the Jefuits- were-coaijder'd -as the. Acolfem :It;is
Iii true,

4*6 Th<THmxYof?he- 1 NTQ^I S-I T ?0 K
ttfue; one of the Society', as was formerly told* had Approved the Book ;
but they took Care that he fhould be no more feen at Rome: For he
was fent away, and it is not known.whether ; it is generally believed that
he is fhut up within ifbur.; Walls ;. but what Truth 'foever may be in
that he'isnomore viitble," foi'darefuJ are they tq have all their Order
foeak the feme Language > and if any fpeaik in a different Stile from the
reft, they at leaft take Care that he fhall fpeak no more ; yet in this
Examination that was. made, both Molinos and Petrucci juftifkd them
felves fo well, that their .BooksnWere again approv'd, and .the Anfwers
"which the : Jefriit&i had. writ,; were eenfor'd a& . feandalous, ;;and iri*this
Matter Petrucci hehaved himfelf fo fignal-ly well, that it raifed not only
the Credit of the.Caufe^ibuf his own Reputation fo much, that foori
after he was made Bifhop of, J^?,'1" which was a nevsfeDeclaration that
the Pope made in their Favours : Their Books were now more efteem-
ed than ever, .their. Method was more followed, , and the NoveJty.of it,
the Opp'ofrtion made t6rit, by, a: "Society that has rendered itfelf odious
to all the World, and the. new* Approbation that was given to it after fo
vigortfris^ ariiAccufation, did. all contribute to raife the Credit, .dnd to en
creafe' the Numbers of the Party. Father Petrucci's Behaviour iri his
Bifhoprick, contributed to raife his Reputation^ftiil higher,- fo that his E-
nemies were /willing to give htm no more Pjfturhaoee ; and indeed there.
Was''lefs<-0®cafibn givenofor- Cenfure by big ^Writings, .than 'bynMvlinos's
little'Bbofe ; whofe Sucdnctnefs! made th^feofome Parages Were! not; fa
folly rior "fo tcautiouflyj expreffed,. but [that there wa$ room for making
Exceptions to them :. On thp;6ther Hand* Pitrucci was'rather exdeffive-i
ly tedious, fo.that he had fo frilly: explained himfelf, that } he very, eafily
cleared fome fmaH difficulties that' were made upon; fome of his Letters i
In fhorty ever^ Body," \that iwas thought either finc^ety dfevoufc, or.thatf
at leaft gffe<ted the. Reputation of ifc, 'jeame' to tfe/refckoned "amorig: the
Quiet ift'sk AndSfithefe Perfons were obferved to -become more .ftrict in their-
Lives and mental Demotions,. yet there, appeared] lefs, Zeal, ia their whole
Deportment as to thenexterior Parts of the :Religion Qf that Church . They
were not fo afradvrous. at ; vM^-fty m'esr ,fo - earnsft -to pto©uie:Maffes' to bo
Mdiiot theck Bcmn&stonobmefe 3thcyu£on&etni&wlpehhe$^t Gonfeffioia?
or in Proceffions : So that the Trade of thofe that live by the&i Things!
Wasfenfibly folk;! A-rfd ,tho(%hi thfoMew-vAppJoitat'iorn that; WaS given
to ' Molinos' & Baokj iby the Inquifition ftppt the Mouths , of his Enemies,;
foithatthe^ fcouldrscoajriofieueQmplain of if.,< yet. they did not ceafe to.
icatter abmtrjS&naifes^ldi,^^ alGflb^tl^kWoulci
t"1t! -J iii, have

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S IT 10 NI 417
have dangerous'Confequences; They remember'd the Story ofthe illumi
nated Men oi Spain, and faid, here was a Spawn of the fame Sect; they
infinuated,1 that they had ill Defigns, and profound Secrets among them ;
that thefe were in their Hearts Enemies to the Chriftian? Religion ; and
that under a Pretence 'oi raifing^ Men' tb a moft fublime Strain of Devo
tion, they intended to wear out of their Minds the Senfe of the Death
and Sacrifice ;©f> Chrift, and of the^other My fteries" of Chriftianity : And
becaufe'- Molinos was by his Birth ^ a Spaniard, it has been given out of
late, -'that perhaps he was defeended df a Jewifti or Mahometan Race.
and that be might carry in his Blood,.'' or in- his firft Education, fome
Seeds of thofe Religions, which hehas fince1 culrivated^withno \ek Art than
Zeal ; yet this laft Calumny has gained but little Credit at Rome ; tho*
it is faid, that an Order has been fent to exarnine the Regifters of the
Baptifm, in the Place cf Iris Birth, to fee if his Name is to be found in
it- or not; '- , ' ;A hur 'sr.-.aio'J v-tav
3 Thus he faw himfelf attacked with great Vigour, and with an unre'^
len ting Malice. He took asmuch care'as was poffible to prevent, or to
fhake off thefe Imputations; for he writ a Treatife, of frequent and daily
Communion, which was likewife approv'd by fome of the moft learned of
the Regulars at Pome. This wate printed with his Spiritual Guide, in
the Year' 16-75. and in the Preface he'protefts, that he" had not writ it
with any Defign tb engage himfelf in-Matters of Controverfy, but that
it was drawn from him, by the moft earneft 'Solicitations of fome1 zea
lous: Perfons. In it he preffed a Daily Communion, by a vaft Number
of Paffages that he cited, both out ofthe antient Fathers and the Schoot-
•men ; yet he qualified thisf and all' his other Directions in the Matters of
Devotion by that which he conftantly repeats,: -Which is the Neceffity of
being conducted in all 'Things by a Spiritual Guide; whether he iritend-
'ed to foften the Averfion that the Jefuits had to him, -by refuting fome
Parts -of Mr. Amaud's famous Book oi Frequent Communion,' or not, I
eannbt tell, but in this Difcourfe he anfwers fome of the Objections that
M-r. Arnaud had made to Frequent Communion, and in particular, to that
whfeh >he makes one maki Ground of reftrainirig Men from it,'1 which
was the obliging themtog0;«far©ugh with their Perritenoe: and Mortifica
tions, before they weie R admitted A&ft tfiei Sacrament ; wheteais Molims
makes the being free of Mortal Sin,* xhe only neceffary Qualifications In
this Difcourfe, one; fees more df a heated Eloquence, than of fevere or fo-
iid'Reafonirigi'yet it preffes the Point of daily Gornntwfiion, and oi an
inward Applic0tion"-.of <Sokl~tio.iJofus'!Qknift,i and ioi^islXleaihy'ia vehg-
H I i i 2 mently

4i8 The Hiftory of the, I N QU I S I T I O N,
mently, that it might have been hoped that this fhould have put an
end to thofe Surmifes, that had been thrown out to defame him, as if
he had defigned to lay afide the Humanity, of ( our .Saviour, ; by his way
of Devotional hui there is.no Cure for Jealoufy; efpecially when Ma
lice and Intereft are at bottom : cSo, new Matter was found -for Cenfure
in this Difcourfe. . He had afferted, that there was no other Preparation
neceffary, but to be free of Mortal Sin: So it was given out; that .he
intended to lay afide Confeflion : and though he had advifed the Ufe of
a Spiritual Guide, in this, as well as tin all other Things, yet the Ne
ceffity of Confeflion before Commimion, was iiot expreffed : So that by
this People feemed to be fet at Liberty from that Obligation : And it
"Was faid, that what he advifed with Relation to a Spiritual Guide,
look'd rather like the taking fome general Directions and Council from
one's; Prieft, .than the coming always ^to. him, as the Minifter ofthe Sa
crament of Penance before every Communion ; and to fupportthis Im*
putation, it was faid, that all of that Cabal had.fet down this for a Rule,
by which they conducted their penitents,- that they, might .corne to the
Sacrament when they found themfelves out of the State of mortal Sin,
without going at every Time to Confeflion; but I will not enlarge fur*
ther upon the Matters of" Doctrine or Devotion. It is believed that the
Jefuits at Roma propofed the. Matter oi Molinos to Father, La Cfaife,, as
a fit Reproach to be. made t to the "Pope, in that King's j Name, that
while he. himfelf' was employing all : poffible 'Means .to- extirpate Herefy
out of his Dominions, the Pope was cberifhing it in his own Palace;
.and that while the Pope pretended to fuch an unyielding Zeal for the
Rights of the Church, he was entertaining; a Perfon who .was corrupt-
" ing the Doctrine, orat leaft the Devotion,, of that 'Body of which he
had the- Honour to be the Head. It is faid, at Rome, that Cardinal D'Ef
trees being commanded, by the Orders that were fent him from the
Court oi France, to profecute Molinos with all pioffible Vigour, .refolved
-to fecrifice his .old Friend," and all that is facred in Friendfhip, to the
Paffion he has.fori his ;Mafter's Glory : Finding then that there Was, not
Matter enough for an Accufation againft Molinos, he refolved to fupply
that Defect himfelf; fo that he, who isfoas. once; as deep as any Man
alive in the whole Secret of this Affair,? went; and informed the Inquifi
tion of .many Particulars; for which tho' there was no other Evidence
but hiSiTeftimony,. yet that was fufficient. tomife a great Storm againft
Molinos ; and upon this Delation, heandat few others of his Friends were
-put in the Jnquifition.; but tiiiswAivm^hage^tifo1 fecretly, that all: that
...UA till

The Hiftory of the IN QU I S I T I O N. 419
is pretended to- be Renown concerning it, is, that Upon a new Profecu
tion boihMolinos and Pefrucci were brought before the Inquifition in
.1684. Petrucci .yvas foon abfolved ; for there was fo little objected to
him*, and. he .anfwered that with fo much Judgment and Temper, that
be was quickly difmifs'd ;• and tho' Molinos 's Matter was longer in Agi
tation, yet it was generally expected that he fliould have been acquitted.
In Conclufion, a -Correfpondence held by him -all Europe over was ob
jected to him; hut that .could be no Crime, unlefs the Matter of that
'Correfpondence was criminal: Some fufpicious Papers, were found in
his Chamber, but as he himfelf explained them, nothing could be made
"out of them,, till Cardinal, d'Efirees delivered a Letter and. a Meffage.from
the King oi France to the Pope, as was formerly mentioned; and that
the Cardinal added, . that he himfelf could prove againft Molinos, more
than was. neceffary to flie w that he was guilty of Herefy. The Pope
feid not a Word to this, but feft the Matter to the Inquifitors,;, and the
Cardinal went to them, and gave other Senfes of thofe doubtful Paf
fages that .were in Molinos'^ Books and Papers, and. pretended that he
knew from himfelf what his true Meaning in them was. The Cardi
nal owned that he had lived with, him in the Appearances of Friend
ship, but he faid he, had early fmelled out an ill Defign in all that Mat
ter.; that he ,faw of what dangerous Confequenceitwas like tQ.be; but
yet, that he might- fully difcover what was at the Bottom of it, he .-con
feffed he feemedto affent to feveral Things which be detefted ; and that
by this Means he faw into their Secret, and knew all^the Steps they
"made; he ftill cautioufly observing all that paft among them, till it
fhould be neceffary for him to. difcover and crufh this Cabal., I need not
tell you how feverely this is cenfured, by thofe who believe.it.' J I would
rather hope - that it is not true, how ppfitiyely foever it may be affirmed
at Rome; but though it is hard to reconcile fuch a Way of proceeding
with the common Rules of human Society and of Virtue, yet at Rome
a Zeal for the Faith, and againft Herefy, fupercedes all the, Bonds of
Morality or Humanity, which^re only the common Virtues of Heathens.
In fhort, what Truth, foever may be in this Particular relating to the
Cardinal, pit is' certain that,- Molinos was clapt up:by the Inquifition in
May 1685, and fo an End was put to all Difcourfes relating to him:
And in this Silence the Bufinefs of the-Quietifts was laid to fleep till
the ninth of February 16$ j. tha^of afuddeA it broke out. again in a
much more furprifing Manner, The

4 % o The Hiftory cf the I NQ U I S I T I O N.:
The Count Vefpiniani and his Lady, Don Paulo Rocchi, Confeffor to
the Prince Borghefie, and fome of his Family, with feveral others, in
all feventy Perfons, were ela-pt up :' Among whoni many Were highly
efteemed both for their Learning and Piety. The Things laid to the
Charge of the Churchmen, were their -neglecting to fay their Breviary;
and for the reft, they were accufed for their going to Communion with
out going at every Time firft to Confeffion : And in a" Word, it was faid,
that they neglected all the exterior Parts of their Religion, and gave
themfelves up wholly to Solitude .and inwafd Prayer. . The Countefs
Vefpiniani made a great Nbife of this Matter;, for fhe faid, fhe had
never revealed her Method of Devotion to any Mortal but to her Con
feffor, and fo it was not poffible that it could come to their Knowledge
any other way but by his betraying that Secret: and fhe faid, it was
Time, for People to give over going to Confeffion, if Priefts, made, this
ufe of it, to difcover thofe who trufted their fecteteft Thoughts to
them ; and therefore fhe faid, that fhe would, make her Confef
fions only to God. This had got vent, and Iheard it generally talked
tip and down Rome ; fo the Inquifitors thought it more fitting to dif-
mifs her and her Husband, than to give any Occafion to leffen the
-Credit of Confeffion; they were therefore let out of Prifon, but they
were bound to appear whenfoever they fhould1 be called upon. I cah-
iiot exprefs to you the Confirmation that appeared botb in Rome, and in
.many other Parts of Italy, when in a Month's Time about two hun
dred Perfons Were put in the Inquifition ; and that all on a fudden a Me
thod of Devotion that had paffed up and down Italy for the higheft
Elevation to which Mortals could afpire, was found to be Heretical
land that the chief Promoters of it were fhut up in Prifon. '
. But the moft furprizing Part of the whole Story, was, that the Pope
himfelf came to-be fufpected as a Favourer of this new Herefy; fo that
on the thirteenth of February fome were deputed by the Court of the
Inquifition to examine him, not in the Quality of Chrift's Vicar or
St. Peters- Succeffor, but in- the fingle Quality of Benedict Odefcalchi '•':
What, paffed in that Audience, Was too great a Secret for me to be able
to penetrate into it ;' but ubori- this there Were many ' arid 'ftrange Dif
courfes up and down Rome i' Arid while we Hereticks were upon that
.afking, where was the Pope's Infallibility ? I remember a' very pretty
( Anfwer that was made1 me. They faid, the Pope's Infallibility did not
flow from any thing that was Perfonal in him, but from the Care ^that
Chrift had of his Church; For a Pope, faid one, may be a Heretick as

The Hiftory, of the I N Q U I S I T I O «N1 Y 4? 1.
as he is a private Man ; but Chrift, who faid to St. Peter, feed niy Sheep,
will certainly fo order Matters that the Pope fhall never decree Herefy,
and by Confequence fhall never .give the. Flock, Pbifon inftead of the
Bread of Life; while the Pope's Herefy was only la perfonal Thing, it
could* have no other Effect but to damn himfelf; but if he, decreed Here
fy, this corrupted the whole Church; and fince Chrift 'had; committed
all the Flock to the Popes Care, it ought .to be believed that he would
never fuffer them to pronounce Herefy ex Cathedra, a$ they call it. This1
bad feme Colour in it that was plaufible ; bin the Shift of Which another
ferved himfelf feemed intolerable. .He (aid that the Pope. could: never
decree Herefy, for which he . argued: thus : He^nuftbe a Heretick be
fore he can decree it ; and upon that he gave me many 'Authorities to*
prove, that in the Minute that the Pope became an .Heretick, he felL.
ipfofaSto, from his Dignity; and therefore he faid, the Pope could not
decree Herefy, for he muft -have fallen frqm.his <Chair, and (have for-.
feired his Authority, before he could poflibly , do it, fo that he. was no;
more Pope. ] This look'd fo like a Juggle pf the Schools, that I confefs-
it made no great Impreffion on me. , Imagine what a Thing it would-
be, to fee a King accufed of Treafon by one; of his own jCourt,- and then-
you have fancied fomewhat that comes near this Attempt ofthe Inqui
fition -j; . which being a Court authorised by the Pope, -yet had the-
feoldnefs to examine himfelf; and it had certainly been an odd Piece of
News, if, upon the Pope's Anfwers,, the Inquiiition had flamed him.!
with the Imputation of Herefy, and had lodged him in. the Minerva..
Upon the Difcourfe to which this gave: Occafion, I have heard the An-,
thority ofthe Court of Inquifition magnified to fo extravagant a Degree,;
friat fome have afferted, it was in fome Refpefts; fo period 'even teethe
Pope himfelf. Two Days after that, the Inquifition fent a circular Letter td
Cafdl^a\£ilbo,: as the chief Minifter, to be fent by- him Sail, about Italy,
(of which-1 1 fend you a Copy in Italian) for, the' it ought to- have
been writ 'in Latin, yet I do nor know how it came to be writ in-
Italian; for'the writing it in the Vulgar Language, „ was icenfured. noe
pnly as' an "indecent .Thing, but; as that which :made, the Matter, mofe i
publick ;,'it was \ addfreffed to all Prelate's ;uand,it. warns them, that*
whereas many Schools, and Fraterpities- were, fprmed in; feyeral Parts?
of Italy, In which fome Perfons., qneter a Pretence of leading- People into-
the "Ways of the Spirit, and to. the Prayer of Quietnefs,, they inftilled inroi
them many abominable Flerefies ; ^erefore. -a, ftsict- Charge was. given to'
d'iffolye all thefe Jocfeties^and to^h^a^ treaij
In the ^nbwri Paths; and in particufar to take care that none of that fort.
thouidl

4r- The Hiftory ofthe INQtHSITlO W-
fhould be fuffered to have the Direction of the Nunneries. Order was
likewife given to proceed in the Way of Juftice againft thofe who- fhould
be found guilty of thefe abominable Errors. After this a ftrict Enquiry
was; made into all the Nunneries oi Rome; for moft 6f their Directors
and Confeffofs were found to be engaged iu this new Method. ' It was1
found that the Carmelites, the Nuns of the Conception, ofthe Paleftrina,
and Albdno, were wholly given up to Prayer and Contemplation, and
that inftead of their Beads, and their Hours, and the other Devotion?
to Saints, or Images, they were mtfeh alone, and often' in the Exercife of
Mental Prayer; and when they were afked, why they had laid afide the
Ufe of their Beads; and their antient Forms, their Anfwer was, that
.their Directors had advifed them to wean themfelves from thefe Things,
as. being but rude Beginnings, and Hindrances to their further Progrefsj
they juftified alfo their Practice from thofe Books that had been lately pub-
llifhedby the Approbation of the Inquifitors themfelves, fueh as Molino?*
and Petrucci's Books. When Report was rhade of this Matter to the In
quifition, they fent Orders to take out ofthe Nuns Hands all thofe Books,
and fiich Forrris of Devotion as were written in that Strain, and they re
quired them to return- again to the Ufe of their Beads, and their other
abandoned Forms, which wds nO fmall Mortification tb them. The
Circular Letter produced no great Effects, for moft '"of the Italian, Bifhops
were either extremely Unconcerned in all thofe Matters, or were inclined
to Molinos' s Method : And whereas it was intended that this, as well as
all the other Orders that come from the Inquifition, fhould be kept fe
cret, yet it got abroad, and Copies of it were iri all Peoples Hands ; fo
that this gave the Romans the more Occafion to difcourfe of thefe Matters^
which troubled the Inquifitors extremely, who love not to have the
World look into their Proceedings, nor to difcant upon them"; they
blamed Gardiiaal Ciboj as if this Matter was grdwn fo publick by his
Means, but he on the other Hand blamed the Inquifitors fof it, and his
Secretary blamed both. It was alfo faid, that the Pope was not pleafed
with Cardinal C^oV Conduct, and that he thought he bad . fuffered this
Matter to go too far, Without giving a Check to the Tnquifitbrs, when it
might have been more eafily: dope ; whereas Matters are now gone to
that Height, that many think they cannot end without fome Very great
Scandal For the Quality of the Prifoners is confiderable ; fome of Car--
dinal Petrucci's Domefticks, and both his Secretary . and his Nephew
-were of the Nnmber; and tho' the GaidinaPhirnfelF'eame to R'Ome foon
sifter, yet he was there for fqme time Incognito, It is generally believed, that

The Hiftory ^///^INQUISITION. 435
that both he, and the Cardinal Car offa, and Cardinal Ciceri, who is
Bifhop of Como, are in great Apprehenfions of a Storm from the Inqui
fition ; and the Ceremony of giving them their Hats being fo long de
layed, was generally afcribed to fome Complaints that it feems the Inqui
fitors made ; yet in Conclufion they appeared in publick, and had their
Hats given them. The Duke of Ceri, Don Livio, that is the Pope's'
Nephew, is believed to be deeply engaged in the Matter; for the Count
Vefpiniani, who was firft feized on, is his particular Friend and Favou- "
rite, and is a fort of a Domeftick of his: Don Livio himfelf is likewife
a Perfon of a melancholy Temper, that is much retired, and this at pre
fent is enough to make a Man pafs there for a Sfuietift ; he went from
Rome to a Houfe he had not far from Civitavecchia, to avoid, as was
thought, the falling into the Hands ofthe Inquifitors. The Pope writ
often for him before he could prevail with him to return ; and it is faid
that he did not think himfelf fecure even after all the Affurances that
the Pope gave him, that no Harm fhould come to him ; for it might be
juftly enough apprehended, that the Inquifitors, who had been fo hardy
as to examine the Pope, would make no Ceremony with his Nephew, if
they found Matter againft him.
But among all that were clapt up, Father Appiani was the Man that
furprifed the Romans the moft; he was feized on the firft Sunday oi April;
he was efteemed the, moft learned and eminent Jefuit that was in the
whole Roman College. This did not a little mortify the Society ; one of
their Fathers had approved of Molinos's Book, and now another was
found to be engaged in this Matter : Upon which a Prieft, that was in
deed no Friend to- their Order, faid to me, that this was their true Ge
nius, to have Men among them oj all Sides, that fo which Side foever pre
vailed, they might have fome among them that fhould have a confider
able Share in the Honour of the Victorious ; and thus if Molinos's Me
thod had been eftablifhed, then they would, have gloried as much in Ef-
pafza and Appiani, as tfrey are now afhamed of them. - It is likely that
they had- not difcovered Appiani 's favouring the Party, otherwife no
Doubt they had been;before-hand with the Inquifition, and had fhut him
up "as they ( did Ejparza, and fo have covered themfelves from the Re
proach of having a Man that favoured Herefy among them. The Pri
fons of the Holy Office were full, and the. Terror of this Matter had
ftruck fo many, that no Body could guefs when or where it fhould flop.
It is- faid, that the Inquuitors have found. in fome of their Examinations-
foatthey'haveto do with Men more learned than themfelves, ^and that their
Kkk Prifoners

434 The Hiftory of the I N QU IS I T ION. -
Prifoners are fteady and refolute. It is alfo faid, that their Friends
abroad have expreffed a great Concern for them, and for the Caufe of
their Sufferings, and that many Letters have been writ to the Inquifitors,
wifhing to confider well what they do to their Prifoners ; and affuring
them, that they will maintain their Interefts, and that they are ready
to.feal them with their Blood. It is certain, the Pope and Cardinal
Cibo are much troubled to fee that this Matter is gone fo far, and is
now fo much talk'd of. Cardinal Petrucci is ftill much in the Pope's-
Favour, and was fuffered not long ago to go vifit Molinos, with whom
he had a long Converfation all alone ; but the Subject and the Effects of
it are not known ; yet a fevere Sentence is expected againft Molinos.
Thofe that fpeak the mildeft, think he will be a Prifoner for Life ; but
a little Time will fhew more than I can prefume to tell you. It is a
terrible Thing to have the whole Body of the Regulars againft one, who,
according to the Eftimate that is made at Rome, are about Five hundred
thoufand Perfons, and of that Number it is faid the Jefuits make For
ty Thoufand. In the City oi Naples alone it is believed the Regulars and
other Ecclefiafticks amount to Twenty five thoufand, fo it is very likely,
that when fuch Bodies, and Molinos are in the Balance, Caiaphas's Re-
folution may once more take place : 7/ is expedient that one Man pould
die, rather than that thofe Nations of Regulars pould perip, [ or their
Trade and Profits be leffened. But to come to an End, the Inquifitors
have prepared the World for any Judgments that they may pafs in this
Matter, by ordering: one of their Number to draw -up a. Cehfufe'of
nineteen Articles, which he pretends to have collected out of the Writ
ings, and Doctrines of the Quietifts; arid thus by reprefenting themfo
odioufly, they have as much as in them lies, prevented thofe Compa'f-"
fions which may perhaps be kindled by the Sufferings of thofe whom
they may condemn as guilty of thofe Cenfured Opinions.
Now: this great Affair, upon which Men have fo long look'd with fo
much Expectation, is at an End ; and a Party that was believed to be
a Million flrong, is. now either quite extinguifhed, of at leaft qppreffed
wi(h- a- great deal pf Infamy : And Mr. Molinos, %h6°h^s lived above
twenty Years, in this City, in the higheft Reputation 'poffible, is bow" as
much, hated as elver he was admired ; he is not only confidered as a con
demned, and an. abjured- Heretick, but he is faid to have been cOnvictecl
of much Hypocrify, and of a very lewd Courfe of Life; Which is fo
firmly believed by the Romans, that he was treated by them on the Day
of his Abjuration, withall pofliblelndignities; but the People as they
¦¦Kn,lA-.,iVolU:, A- Almx.'ili.,Ct~>-~^> ^1^ii;..MV^' -v flawed

The Hiftory <?//&? INQUISITION. 43?
(hewed their Affections to him, by the Cries of Fire, Fire, fo were
ready to have facrificed him to their Rage, if he had not been well
defended by the Sbiri and Guards that were about him. And it would
be a Crime enough at prefent, to recommend a Man to the Care of
the Inquifitors, if he fhould feem to doubt either of his Herefy, or of
the Scandals of his Life. All the Party is extreamly funk : Cardinal Pe-
trucci himfelf lives in Rome as if he were in a Defart, for no Body goes
to vifit him, and he ftirs as little abroad ; nor is it thought that he will
efcape : ^ There are four fent by the Inquifition to his Diocefe of Iefli
to examine his Behaviour there: There is alfo a Difcourfe, that has
lately appeared at Rome, that was fecretly printed, of which he is
fufpected to be the Author, which is an Apology for Quietifm, that
gives great Offence. It is faid, that the Inquifitors had full Proofs a-
gainft Molinos, by fourteen Witneffes, of whom eight indeed came and
offered their Depofitions of their own Accord, and the other fix were
forced to declare the Truth, which raifes the Credit of their Teftimony :
Since his Abjuration, it is faid that many of his Followers have abjured
in private; and that befides the Prifoners that are in their Hands, great
Numbers come in every Day to accufe themfelves, and to offer them
felves to Penance ; thefe are all very gently difmiffed by the Inquifitors,
who are now as much cenfured by the Romans for their exceffive mild-
nefs, as ever they have been blamed by others for their Rigour: And
thofe fecret Abjurations are believed to be all the Severity that they will
practife on this Occafion; for it is faid, that even F. Appiani the Jefuit;
will be abjured in private, though fome fay he is mad, others that he
is become deaf and dumb, and not a few believe that he is dead ; fo
uncertain are all Reports at prefent. In a Word, the Hatred of the >
prefent Pontificate appears very vifibly upon this Occafion : The People
affecting to fhew a very extraordinary Rage againft a Perfon, and a
Party, that has been fo much favoured and fupported by the Pope ; fo
that this Matter comes clearly home to him, and wounds his Reputation
extreamly : All this raifes the Credit of the Jefuits, who value
themfelves upon the Zeal and the Conduct of their Society upon
this Occafion. All the Pope's Enemies, the Jefuits, the French
Party, and the Body of the People, that are Male-contented and weary
of him, and his long and dull Reign, fhew the Pleafure they have in
aggravating this Matter agaipft him; they fay, this is the fi: ft Time
that every any Herefy made Rome its Seat, where it chofe to neille it .
feif j but it is yet more ftrange" that it fhould have continued there above
Kkk 2 twenty

43 6 The Hiftory of/he J N QU IS I T-I Q N.
twenty Years, notwithftanding all that Multitude of Spies that the In
quifition has every where; that the Pope fhould have fhut his Ears a-
gainft all Complaints, fo that this Doctrine had gained fo great Autho
rity, that thofe who attack it, paffed for- Hereticks, or Calumniators at
leaft ; and that even after all the Difcoveries' that have beth made, that
the Pope was known to favour Molinos fecretly, and was fo hardly brought
at laft to confent to the Condemnation, in which it is faid, . that no
thing prevailed on him till the Cardinals informed him of the Scandals
of Molinos's Life that were proved : This was indeed1 a Matter that
could fall within the Pope's Underftanding; for the. Points of .Doctrine
are believed to be above it. All thefe Things concur to increa'fe the
Contempt under which the prefent Pontificate lies; yet as for thofe
Scandals of Molinos's Life, I do not know what to believe ; many will
not believe them, and think they are only Impoftures given out to ren
der him odious; for if they had been true, and well proved, it is laid
that the Cenfure would have been feverer, for a perpetual Imprifonment,
and the faying his Credo, and the fourth Part of the Rofary every Day,
are mild Punifhments, if he is found to have been fo flagitious a Man,
and fo vile a" Hypocrite as is given out. His own Behaviour at the Mi
nerva did. not look, either like a Man that, was much confounded with
the Difcoveries that had been made, or that was very penitent for them,,
or for his Herefy ; fo that the Mildnefs of the Cenfure,' to a Man that.
lhewed fo little Humility or Repentance, feems to flow rather from the
Defectivenefs of their Proofs, than from the Gentlenefs of the Tribu
nal. I confefs, I was not a Witnefs to what paffed in the Minerva ;-
for as I would, not venture in the Crowd, fo both Money and Favour,
were neceflary to accommodate a Man well on that Occafion, where not
only a general Curiofity brought a vaft Confluence of People together, J
to fee the Iffue of a Bufinefs- that has been -fo long in Srifpence, but a-
particular Devotion ; for the Pope had granted a general Indulgence to,
all that fhould affift in that Solemnity :- But I will give you the Ac
count as I had it from Eye- witneffes. Molinos was well dreffed, new'
trimmed^ in his Prkftly Habit, with a cheerful Countenance, that, as,'
was faid by his Enemies, had all the Charms on it that were neceffary
to recommend him to the fair Sex. He was brought from Prifon in an.
open Coach, one Dominican being- with him in it- He was at firft.
placed for fome Time in one of the Corridori of the Minerva: He
look'd about him very freely, and returned all the Salutes that were
made him; and all that he was- heard to fay- was, That they Jaw a Man, that '

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I f I O N5 43 7
{hat was, defamed, but' that was Penitent (Infamato ma Pentito). After
-tnat he was carried to Dinner, where he was well treated", that being
40; he .his laft good. Dinner. After Dinner he was brought into the
Church, as in-a Triumph, carried on the Shoulders of the Sbiri In an
open Chair., When he was brought to his Place, as he made his Reve
rence very devoutly to the Cardinals, fo there was no Shew of Fear or
Shame in his whole Deportment. He was chained, and a Wax-Light
was put in his Hand, while two ftrong-lung'd Friers read his Procefs a-
loud, and Care had been taken to lay Matters fo, that as fome of the
Articles were- read," aU fhould cry, Fire, Fire. When he came back to
Prifon, he entered into his little Cell, With great Tranquility, calling
it his Cabinet, and took leave of his Prieft in thefe Words: Adieu Fa
ther, we pall meet again at the Day of Judgment, and then it will
appear on which Side the Truth is, whether on my Side or on yours. So
he was fhut Up for Life, Yet after all, I find none of the wife Men
here think the Thing is at.an End, but that the Fire which feems to
be now extinguifhed, will break out with more Violence ; for one of
his Followers had the Boldnefs to tell the Inquifitors to their Faces,
that they were a Company of unjuft, cruel, and heretical Men ;
and compared their Treatment withthat which Chrift had met with,
arid yet even he .has efeaped upon an Abjuratien, as is pretended. The
Reafonsthat are given for this; extraordinary GentleUefs of the Inquifi
tors, who are feldom accufed for erring on this Side, are both the
Numbers of the Party, who might be much irritated by publick Ex
amples, and alfo the great Credit that their Doctrine has from the My-
ftical. Divinity, that" is .authorifed by fo m^ny Ganonifations; for it is
faid, that -from feveral Parts the Inquifitors have brought together above
Twenty thoufand of MoHnos'.s Letters. ;-:
' In fhortj after along Imprifonment, this good and excellent Man died
in the Hands of the Inquifition.

I

'RELATION X.
The Trial and Sufferings of Mr. Ifaac Martin.
N the Beginning of Lent, in the Year 17 14, I arrived at Malaga-
with .my Wife, and four Children; landing my Goods at the Cu-
ftom-Houfej

438 Th*. Hiftory of the 'I N QU I S I T I O U.
ftom-houfe to be fearched, a large Bible, and other Books of Devo
tion that I had, were found and feiz'd. I ask'd what was the Reafon, and
was told, that they muft be examined, . to fee if there was nothing
written againft the hqly Faith of the Church of Romei Knowing that
there were no Books of Controverfy, I thought I fhould have them
again. I went feveral Times to the Clergy to get them, and asked Ad
vice of the Council, and other Gentlemen, how I fhould do tb get
them : They telling me it was in vain to trouble myfef f, for I fhould
never get them, I gave over going to the Clergy, and loft my Books.
I had not been above two or three Months :at Malaga, but I was
accufed, in the Bifhop's Court, of being a Jewi, and that my Name
was Ifiaac, and one of my Children Abraham. I, hearing of it, ac
quainted the Council, who bid me not to mind it; that the Irip Pa
pifts had given- that Information, and bid me keep no Correspondence
with them, for they were a feandalous fort of People. : The Clergy
made Inquiry of .the Neighbpurs, [ and fent for fome that knew me, to
know what .they knew of me, whether I was a Jew or a Heretick.
They all faid, that they thought I was a Heretick, that I had lived in
Spain and Portugal before novy, and knew that the Jews were not
permitted to live there upon Pain of being burnt, if they7 don't' turn
Roman Catholicks. I foon found that I had Enemies, but did not much
regard them, for I thought it was not in tlieir Power to do -me any"
Harm; and that it was nothing but Envy that made them fpeak againft
me. During four Years that I was at Malaga, I and my Family were very
much tormented by the Clergy and others, perfuading us to changefour
Religion,, and efpecially by an Irip Prieft, who makes it his Bufinefs to
go from Houfe to Houfe to gain Converts, as he calls them; Finding
that, I could not reft, I refolved to difpofe of what I had, and to retire
to England, where I might ferve God, in the Exercife of my Religion,
in Peace and Quietnefs, without being tormented to change it. I had
no fooner given out that I would difpofe pf what L.had and retire, -but-
there was a great Noife that I was to be taken up by the Inquifition,
which- 1 could not believe ; but in fome few Days after, I found, to my
Sorrrow, that it was true.
About nine o'Clock at Night, being a late Hour in thofe Countries,
People knocking at my Door, I afk'd them what they would have ?. They
faid, they wanted to come in. I defir'd them to come the next Morning,
for I did not open my Doors at fuch an Hour* They anfwered, they.
would

The Hiftory of the INQU ISITIO N. 439J
would break them open, which accordingly they did, being about fifteen
Priefts, Familiars, a Commiflioner, and others belonging to the Inquifi
tion, in Arms. I afk'd them what they wanted ? they told me, they
wanted the Mafter of the Houfe; to which I replied, I am the Man,
what do you want with me ? who are you all ? They anfwer'd, we be
long to the Inquifition, take your Cloak, and come along with us. I was
furprized at this, and faid, pray, Gentlemen, flay a litttle, that I may
give Notice to my Conful, for I am an Englipman, and the Inquifition
has nothing to do with me. But they anfwered, your Conful has nothing
to do in this Cafe ; come let us fee if you have no Arms about you.
Where are your Beads ? I faid, I am an Englip Proteftant ; we carry no
private Arms, nor make ufe of Beads. When they had fearch'd me, and
taken my Watch, Money, and other Things that I had in my Pockets,
they carried me to the Bifhop's Prifon, and put me in a Dungeon, with
a Pair of Fetters on ; forbidding the Prifoners, upon Pain of Excom
munication, to have. any Converfation with me, for I was a Heretick,
and a very dangerous; Man againft the Holy Faith.
My Wife and Children fell a crying, to fee fo many Men in Arms car
rying me away. But fhe was forc'd fo go and cry in the Neighbourhood;
for they turn'd her and ber Children out of Doors, and kept the Houfe
to themfelves five Days, till they had taken every Thing away; and
then they re turn'd her the, Key to go into her Houfe again, where fhe
found nothing but the bare Walls.
Four Days after I had been in the Dungeon, my Fetters were taken
off, and I was examined by the. Commiflioner of the Inquifition, who
had taken me up. He afked me, whether- I had any Effects befides
what was found in my Houfe, and- whether-any Body ow'd me any
Money, which he bid me tell him, and- faid I muft go to the Inquifition
at Granada. I begg'd of him to let me be examined at Malaga, andto
tell me what I was taken up for ; he told me I fhould hear that at Gra
nada. Then I defired him for God's Sake,- to let me fee my Wife and
Children before I went v but he told merit could-' not be- done.- The
next Morning, having two Pair of Fetters on, I was mounted Up6n a
Muk, -and fo, led,out of Town, the.Peoplecrying out after me, Go to
Granada to be burnt, you are a Jew, you are an Englifh Heretick, huz-
zaing and making Scoff at me. Thus was I conducted out of Malaga,
without having the^Liberty to.feeimy * Family, or any Room to believe
that I mould ever fee them any more. The

440. The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
The Mule that I was upon was loaded, and my Fetters being very
troublefome to me, and hurting the Mule's Neck, fhe threw me, and
pitching upon a Point of a Rock, I almoft broke my Back, infomuch'
that I could not get up again without Help. That Day we came to a
Place call'd Velez-Malaga, where I had the good Fortune to meet with
an Englip Merchant, a very worthy Gentleman, and a good Friend of
mine, who was very forry to fee me in this difmal Condition. He fent
for a Surgeon to drefs my Back, which was very much brais-d, and told
me that he would do me any Service that he could. I told him what
had happen'd to me, and as he lived at Malaga, defir'd him to ¦ affift
my Family, and to charge my Wife from me, not to change her Reli
gion; but to take care of the Children, and if fhe found that I was a
loft Man, to retire to England. I defir'd him to prefent my Service to
allthe Proteftants that were at Malaga, and to defire the Conful to write
to Madrid to our Envoy, that he might know what had happen'd to
me, and might demand me atthe Court of Madrid, as being an Englip
Proteftant, over whom the Inquifition had no Power. My Friend told
me that he would do what I defir'd of him, and that he believ'd they
had given out that I was a Jew, only for a Pretence to take me up,
in order to make me change my Religion.
I asked the Carrier, that had me in Cuftody, whether we could not
get a Coach orChaife to go to. Granada, for my Back'pain-'d' me very
much upon the Mule: But he told me, that a Horfe could hardly * go'
that Road ; that he was forry for my Pain ; but, dead or alive, I muft
go to Granada with him, and be there at fuch a Time; for fo were his
Orders, and he muft obey them. The next Morning, Mules being rea
dy, my Friend gave me fome Mony and fome Provifions for the -Road..
I told him that he was the laft Man of a Proteftant that, may be, I
.fhould ever fee ; for I did not know what would become of me ; that I
was going into the Hands of the Enemies of the Proteftant Faith ; but
hop'd that God would give me Strength to ftand to my Religion, and
was refolved fo to do, let what will happen. Then, embracing one another
with Tears in our Eyes, We parted.
It is feventy two Miles from Malaga to Granada; We were three
Days on our Journey, and I fuffered very much from the Fall I had re-"
ceived: But the Trouble of Mind that I was in was greater; 'fori was
like one that does not know whether he fhall live or die, till- he has re
ceived his Sentence. When

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 44 1
When I arrived at Granada, the Carrier made me flay at an Inn till
fuch Times as it was almoft dark; for they put no Body in the Inquifi
tion by Day-Light. He asked me, if I would not write to my Wife ;
which I did : But could perceive, by his Difcourfe, that the Letter was
to go to the Inquifition, and my Wife never received it. When Night
came, I was carried to the Holy Office ofthe Inquifition, as they call
it. The firft Thing the Goal-Keeper did, was to take off my Fetters,
which eafed me very much. Then I was led up one Pair of Stairs along
fome Galleries, where coming to a Door, the Goal-Keeper opened it,
and then opened a grated Door, and led me into a Dungeon, and re
mained with me till fuch Times as the under Gaol-Keeper fetched a
Lamp, and the Things that the Carrier bad brought, which were an
old Bed, a few old caft- off Clothes, and a Box foil of Books. I defired the
Goal Keeper to let me have fome of them to read; but he nailed the
Box up, ,and told me, that they muft go to the Lords of the Holy. Of
fice, and that there were no Books allowed there. I was very' forry
to fee them, for there happened to be two which were Books of Con-
troverfy. After the Goal-Keeper had fearched me, "arid took the Money that
my Friend had given me, ' he took a Pen and Ink, and writ, down
what the Carrier brought, and ask'd me what the Buttons of my Roque-
laur were of, and the Buttons of my Coat. I told him fome were-
Gold, and fome were Silver. He bid me count them 'exactly, both great
ones and fmall ones, took my Rings off my Fingers, and an exact Ac->
count of every Rag that I had, and writ them all. down, as. if I was
making my Will ; then told me that I was in a holy Place, and that
there was nothing loft there, that I fhould have them all again when*
I went out. After that he asked me if I had no private Arms, nor no
Money hid about me? telling me that I muft declare it upon pain of
two hundred Lafhes, if I did not ; to which I anfwered, I was an
Englipman, and that we never carried private Arms about us, Then
he asked me, what Religion I was of? I told him I was a Proteftant.
What! then you are no Chriftian, faid he. Yes, I am, though you
dont reckon me fo, faid I. But he anfwer'd, You are not right Chrif
tians, you are Heretics ; and after having asked my Name, and feveral
frivolous Queftions, to which I anfwered, he begun thus.
You muft' obferve a great Silence here, as if you were dead ; you
muft not fpeak, nor whiffle, nor fing, nor make any Noife, that, can
be heard; and if vou hear any Body cry, or make a Noife, you muft
¦''¦ ""¦ v f L 11 ' be

44* The Hiftory df the INQUISITION.
be ftill, and fay nothing, upon pain of two hundred Lafhes. I told
him, I could not be always upon the' Bed, and ask'd, Whether I might
not have the Liberty tb walk ? He told me I might, but foftly.
Then he askM me, if I would have any Thing to eat pr drink? I
defir'd him to give me a little Wine,- which he did, with fome Bread,
and half a dozen WallnutS; bidding me make my Bed, and put out
my Lamp, and he would call upon me in the Morning ; then bolting
the Door, he left me to myfelf in a difmal Apartment, and full of
Sorrow. After I had prayed to God, to give me Patience in my Troubles, and
to deliver me from the cruel Hands into which I was fallen, I went
to Bed; but had little Reft that Night ; for I found it very cold; the
Floor being brick'd, and the Walls between two and three Feet thick ;
fo that though I was up one Pair of Stairs, I was as if I had been in a
Cellar, it being frofty Weather at that Time. Night being over, I
perceived the Day Light through a Hole, about a Foot long, and five
Inches broad. But the Walls being fo thick, there was but little Light
came in. The, Hole was juft by the Ceiling ; fo that I could fee nothing
but the Sky. A little while after came the Goal-Keeper, to light my
Lamp ; he opened the clofe Door, and through the grated one lighted
it ; and bid me drefs myfelf, for I muft go for fome Provifions, and mull
light my Fire, and drefs my Dinner.
Sometimes aftef , he came and took 'rne down Stairs with him" to a
Turn, fuch as-they have in: Convents ; where a Man at the other Side,.
whom yoU' can't fee; turns in your Allowance.. They gave me half a
Pound of Mutton, (their Pounds are but fixteeri Ounces, and at Malaga
they are thirty two) about two Pound of Bread, fome Kidney-Beans,.
fome Raifins, and' about a Pint of Wine, and two Pound of CharcoaL
I had a little earthen Stove to light my Fire in,, a Pipkin to boil my
Victuals, fome earthen Plates, and Pitchers to hold Water; a Bafon to
eafe myfelf; a Broom to fweep my Dungeon ; three Bafkets, one for
Bread, Meat, and Green's ; another for Charcoal, and the other- to fweep
my' Dirt in ; and a wooden Spoon: But I had no Knife; nor Fork, no-
Table, and nothing to fit upon, but fome -Board's that -were fattened in
the Wall, upon which my Bed was placed. The Goal-Keeper, fhewed
nie how I muft manage my Allowance; he parted my Meat in three
Parts, and told me it muft ferve me three Days, and then; I fhould have
more. Then he. fhew'd me how to light my Fire, android me that 1
muft be ingenious, and learn to drefs my Victuals nice, and to make
id - ¦ - - - - - --- - - ^

The Hiftory -of the I N Q U I S I T I O N. 443
.the Meat -fevoury. I thank'd him very kindly for .fhewing me, and
away he went.
I .thought it very hard to be reduced tp fuch fhqrt Allowance, hav
ing before liv'd fo Plenty. . I drels'd the third Part of my Meat, with
.fome. Kidney -Beans, as well as I could ; and though I was in great Pain
'from the Fall I had received, I eat my Meat, and could have eaten
more if I had it. In the Afternoon the Goai-keeper came to fee me :
I told him I had.a great Pain in my Back: He told me I .fhould have
a Doctor ; which I had the next Morning ; who order'd me to be blood
ed ; which was done accordingly: He. gave, me fome Oil to anoint my
Back, but- 1 could not anoint it myfelf : So that I made no 'Ufe of ic
but to burn. The Doctor was two or three Times with me ; but I kept
my Bed three or four Days; during which Time they brought me my
Victuals ready drefs'd. But it was three Months before the Pain of rqy
Back was quite gone. ,
That Day Se'nnight that I was put into the "Inquifition, the Goal
keeper bid me get myfelf clean, for I muft go to Audience : I, not
knowing what he meant, defired him to repeat what 'he had, faid ; and
- fo he did. The Word Audience furprjfing me, I afk'd him whom I muft
go before? He replied, You muft go before the Lprds of the Holy
Tribunal, to be~ examined. I told him it was very well, and defired
him to fend for a Barber to fhave me : But he anfwered, There were
no Barbers allowed but three Times a Year. I went along with him,
and he would hardly allow me to take my Perriwig on my Head. Com
ing into a Room, I found two Men, one fitting between two Crucifixes,
and the other at his Left-hand, with a Pen; Ink and P^per before him.
He was the Secretary, and a young Man. My Lord was an old Man,
of about fixty Years of Age, look'd like a lean Jefoit, and was the Chief
of the three Lords Inquifitors. He bid me fit down upon a little Stool
that was there on Purpofe, which fronted him; fothat there was a Ta
ble between him and me, and a Crucifix in the Middle of it that front
ed me. And thus he began to fpeak to me with a gre^t deal of Gravity.
Inquifitor, What was you brought here for? How came you here, ?
Can you fpeak Spanip ?
Martin, My Lord, I don't know what I was brought here for. , I
can fpeak Spanip, but not fo well as Englifh or French. If you pleafe
to fend for an Irifh, or a French Prieft, I fhpujdhe glad, for I am
afraid that I have not Spanip enough to anfwer your, Lordfhip in forqe
Things that you may demand of me.
L 1 1 2 IftJm

444 The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION.
Inq. I find you fpeak Spanijh enough. What have you done ? What
is your Name ? What Countryman are you? What Religion are you of?
Mart. My Lord, I don't know what I have done. My Name is
Ifaac Martin. I am an Englipman, and a Proteftant.
Inq. Will you take an Oath that you willanfwer the Truth to what
fhall be demanded of you ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord, I will.
Inq. Well ! put your Hand upon that Crucifix, and fwear by the
Crofs. Mart. My Lord, we fwear upon Scripture.
Inq. It is no'Matter for Scripture ; put your Hand upon the Crofs. [/
put my Hand upon the Crofs, and thus he begun.] You muft tell me what
your Father and Mother's Names were, what Brothers and Sifters they
had, and* what Brothers and Sifters you have, where they were born,
and what Bufinefs they followed, or follow? [To which I anfwered, to
" the beft of my Knowledge ; too long to be here inferted] You fay you are
an Englifhman. We have great Belief in them ; they are generally Peo
ple that fpeak the Truth; I hope you will.
Mart. My Lord, I don't know that I have done any Thing that I
fliould be afraid of. Your Lordfhip has given me my Oath ; and if you
had not, I fhould haye told the Truth.
Inq. It is very well, Ifaac. \filhen he begins to afk about my Wife's Re-
' lations, as he had about mine; and what Name my Wife and Children
had; to which I anfwered direclly.] Where was you born, Ifaac, and
¦in whatParifh ?
•'''¦¦'-Mart. My Lord, I and'friy Family: were all born at London, but hi
; different Parifhes. • /*
Inq. Are you a Scholar ? Have you ftudied Latin ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I have- had but a common Education. :
Inq. What do you Call a common Education in your Country ? Yon
have been at School; what did you learn there?
' Mart. My Lord, I learn'd to read, to write,- and tp: caft Accompts;
that is whatwe call a common Education.
Inq. What Sect are you of? For in England you have feveral Reli
gions as you call them.
Mart. My Lord, there are different Opinions in England in Matters
of Religion: I am of that whichis calfed the Church oi 'England,1 and
fo were my Father and -Mother.
Inq. Was you baptiz'd ? c; ;;- Mart.

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU I S I T I O N. 44 f
Mart. Yes, my Lord, I hope I am a Chriftian.
Inq. How are you baptiz'd in England?
Mart. We are baptiz'd in the Name of the Father, and of the Son,
and of the Holy Ghoft.
Inq. Do you take the Sacrament in your Religion ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord.
Inq. How do you take it? :u
Mart. My Lord, we take Bread and. Wine as our, Saviour gave to his
Apoftles. Inq. Do you confefs your Sins to your Clergy,, as we do in the Church
of Rome ?
Mart. No, my Lord, we confefs them only to God Almighty.
Inq. Do you know the Lord's Prayer,, the Belief, and theCommanaV
ments? „ >¦-.
Mart. Yes, my Lord, and will give you an Account of my Religion, ,
if you pleafe, and prove to you thatlam. a Chriftian, though I have been
called a Jnv and a Heretick..
Inq. What do you believe in your Religion ?
Mart. My Lord, we believe the fame Creed that you have.
Inq. Have you any Bifhops in your Religion? Have you been Con
firm'd. „ , ,
Mart. My Lord, we have Archbifhops and Bifhops ; but I don't re
member whether I have been confirm'd.
Inq. Ifaac, you have been brought up in the Dark; it is a Pity : But
you may enlighten yourfelf if you will.
Mart. My Lord, I- hope 1 have Light enough to fave myfelf if I live
according to it. [His Difcourfe. being very long, and I very much t?iou-
:bled inMindy the. Tears, came into my. Eyes; .which he -perceiving- fpoke
thus to me very f'moothly.] ,- , .a-
Inq. Don't cry, nor don't be afraid.; thereris no Body put to Death
h;re, notj no Harm done to any Body. . ,1 hope youY ,Cafe is-nOt fo bad
but it may be remedied.. You; are.jamongft Chriftianvand not aaipng
Turks.. . . -.'. -"Aa: ., j; -h j.„v ' d
Mart. MyLord, I know very well that I am among Chriftians; and ,
thatthe.Laws of Chrift are merciful: But. I. have been ufed as if I had
committed Murder.
Inq. Well,, have Patience,, you fhall have Juftice done you ; ,ypu muft
think of what you have done or faid' during the Trine that you liy'd.
at Malaga, and confefs it, for that is the only Way to get out of your
Troubles,

44* The -Hiftory .of the I N QU I S I TI ON:
Troubles. But let us continue our Examination : To tbe-fure you was
not brought here for nothing, -was -you? 'u >/:. :; ->:•
Mart. My Lord, T don't- know what:!- was> brought here for.
Inq. You muft think of that, and you muft .tell me how old you are;
and, from as far as you can remember, -tlie-Life that you: have led, what
Company you have kept, what Bufinefs you have follow'd, what Coun
tries you have travelled in, and what Languages you ' cari fpeak ?
Mart: cIVly-Lord, -I have been a Traveller this;many Years, and have
made feveral trading Voyages ; fometimes inone Country, and fometimes
in another, and can't remember how. long I have liv'd in;every Place, but
I will tell you as well as I can. . >
Inq ^ It is - very > well, Ifaac fi tell the Truth. [After Ixhad told him to
¦the beft of -my Knowledge, he Jaid,] [ It is very well, Ifaac, you have been
a great Traveller, you have been wild in your Time.
' 'Hfifu-rt. Ycsj my -Lord, too wild ;' for it Lhadilaid:at home, as I ought
to have done, -I fhould-not be in thiatMifeuy as I am. ,'
Inq. In your Religion do you believe in the Virgin Mary, the Mother
of God, and in the Saints? Don't you worfhip 'em?
Mart. My- Lord, we- believe that: the Vir gin. Mary is the Mother of
¦Jefii^Gbrift carnally, and believe fhe and the Saints .are happy; but we
don't worfhip them.
Inq. 'What ! .Don't you worfhip the Mother of God, arid the Saints
that are always praying for us? ;
Mart'.* No, my Lord, we worfhip only one God in three Perfons,
and nothing elfe.
¦Tnq. [He fpeaks to the Secretary.] It is Pity that he has been brought
up in Herefy, he talks pretty well. [Then he makes a long Difcourfe to
'me, reprefenting to me,] what. a Pity it is that England has left the true
Faith, and has embraced Herefy ; that formerly it produced a great ma
ny Saints; but now it produced nothing but Schifms and Herefies; that
our Bifhops and Clergymen were a ftrange fort of People to marry as
they did: ^Aftd thus he run on a ^ long while; to which -I anfwer' df] that
I believed that England produced as many good Men as ever it did; [but
he bid me hold my Tongue, and told me] I knew nothing of thofe Affairs;
bid me think of what I bad done or faid during my living at Malaga,
that I fhould have Time to think of it, and to think upon what he had
told me ; ibid me go-to my Dungeon, '-and. he would fend for me another
Time. (To which I faid,) **¦¦- *(> --
-* . ' -i'.J cl 2i.ill ¦ ii.
Mart.

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T ION. 447
Mart. My Lord, I hope that your Lordfhip will confider that I have
a Family, and I beg that your Lordfhip will difpatch me as foon as pof
fible. Inq. I will do all that lean to difpatch you ; go and think upon what
you have done or faid : I hope your Cafe is not very bad, and can be re
medied if you think on what I have faid to you.
It was a long Audience, for it lafted about an Hour and a Half.
When I came to my Dungeon, I reflected on what had happen'd to
me during my living at Malaga, and on what my Lord had faid to me.
I found by his Difcourfe that he was very well inform' d what Country
man I was, what Family I had, what their Names were, what Religion
I was of, where I had travelled, and what Languages I could fpeak. As
the Goal-keeper came Mornings and Nights to light my Lariip, I de
fir'd him to tell me, what lie thought of my Cafe, and how I muft
behave myfelf at Audience ? I made as much a Friend ©f him as I could,
in order to learn fomething of the Ways practifed in- the Inquifition : But
they are fworn to keep them, fecret, fo that I- could not learn much of
him. He told me that I was there- for the Good of my Soul ; that the
Lords of the Inquifition were very merciful ; that I muft not be afraid;.
that there was no Body put to Death there, nor no Harm done to any
Body; that the Lords of the Inquifition demanded only a true Confef
fion; that he believed my Cafe was but a fmall Matter, that. I could
remedy eafily; and advis rd- me, as a Friend, not to contradict fern, but
let them fey what they pleas'd, for they were holy juft Men.
I thank'd him for his Advice, but found that my Lord and he were
both Lyars, in telling me that I had no Occafion to fear, and that there
was no Harm done to any Body there; fori knew that in the holy
Office of the Inquifition (as they call it) they torture People,, they whip
them,, they fend them to the1 Gallies/' and they burn 'em alive, with;..
out any Body's daring to find Fault, though it fhould happen: to their
own Relations, upon Pain of being put there themfelves, if the Inquifi
tion fhould hear of it; for they pretend to be as infallible as. the Pope
in their Way of Juftice, and that whatever- they do is juft; and the
Kingbrmfelf has nothing to db with them; for they are above him, and
be is; fribjecito the Inquifition.
A Week after I was call'd to Audience, and coming into the- Room,,
niy Lord began thus: Well, - Ifaac, how do you? Do' yoU-remember what
you have done or faid whilft you livd at Malaga ? Have you refiecled ow
what I Jaid to you f Mart:.

448 The Hiftory >of the: I Irf QUI S.I. T I O N.
Mart. Yes," my'Lord, but,! can't remembsr eveiy Thing -that has
-happen'd in four Years Tinle. - _:_, , ;. ,, ;
Inq. Well, let us hear what you have remember'd.
Hr- Mart. 'MyLord, during my; Living at Malaga]. I was attack'd, and
•inferred feyeral Times about ;my Religion. I hope your Lordfliip allows
that an honeft Man ought to defend fhis Religion., :[n\A . ov
Inq. Yes, Ifaac, he may defend it, :
Mart. My Lord, it is what I have done, and- the fame Liberty have
the Spaniards \n my Country: For if a Bifhop fhould attack them ia
-Matters; of Religion, they have the Liberty fto defend themfelve?.
Inq* ;How,- lpng have you-, been* .married? Was your Wife a Widow
¦or a Maid, v/hen you married her ? " ¦> t .. '; -.
Mart. My Lord, fhe was a Widow, and had two Children ; and I
.have been married about feven Years with her, [which he knew as' well
as I, but was always fifing me, and hardly ever look'd in my Face.]
Inq. What Quarrels have you had with People? . Do you remember
their Names ?, If you do, name them.
Mart. I nam'd:four,or five that I had Words with.
'Inq. You think that;. thofe People are your Enemies; tell me what
Reafon you have to think fo ?
Mart. My Lord >; at my firft Arrival at Malaga, three Irffmen went
to the Bifhop's Court, ftp acquaint them that I was a Jew, they hardly
knew my Name, nor what Religion 'I was of.* Your. Lordfhip has heard
of it, I fupppfe:. All the^Time that I liv'd.at Malaga, they, upon di
vers Occafions, fhewed themfelves my Enemies. My Friends oftentimes
told me, that they fpoke ill of me behind my Back ; fometimes faying
that I was a Jew, and fometimes- that I was a Heretick, and that they
would play me a Trick one Day; that I fhould not carry much Money
.along with me if I left the Place; and I find, my Lord, that they have
ticcomplifh'd their Defign.
Inf. Have you had no Words about Religion ? Have not you blaf-
phemed againft our Holy Faith ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I am a better bred Man than that. My Re
ligion does not permit fuch Things. It is true that I have had high
Words about Religion when I have been attack'd, but not to blafpheme
your Religion.
Inq. Well, but what is the Reafon that you havefo many Enemies?
Can you tell ?

Mi

ar.

The Hiftory of the I N QUIS I T I O Na 449
Mart. I know no' other Reafon, my Lord, but that I am an Englifh
Proteftant, and -had better Bufinefs tham they had, .which caufed them
to envy me ever fince I havd liv'd at Malaga. [He peaks to the Secretary,
and tells him* that there is: Ibme Likelihood in what I faid, but it could
be remedied.]
Inq. Well, but Ifaac, have you no Inclination tbbe a good Chriftian,
and to be in the right Way of Salvation ; you're a Man of Age and Rea
fon, and have a Fapiily,; it is. Time to think of your Soul, <
Marl. :MyLorc3,,J hope, God will fave me uin the Religion that I
have been brought up in. I have no Inclination to charige my. Religion.
Jefus Chrift allows of no Perfecution. I hope, my Lord, there is none
here. i... .u«L - .
Inq. No, Ifaac, it is. all voluntary. I would have you think on it
for the Good of your Soul,;. and of /.your Family. Don't you believe in
the holy Father the Pope, that he is infallible, and that he can abfolve
People from their Sin's ? A>ri .
Mart. No, my Lord, I believe that he is no more than another Bl*
fhop, and can abfolve no more than another Clergyman can do.
Inq. Don't you.belieye in Purgatory? \ , w-
Mart. No, my Lord, Lbelieve in no fuch Thing.
Inq. What don't you believe that there is a Place call'd Purgatory,
where the Souls of thofe that die are retained to be purified before they
can go to Heaven ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I believe that the Blood of Chrift is fufficient to
cleanfe us from our Iniquities, uoj <;¦ - p ¦--
Inq, Poor Man! you have been brought up in Herefy and Ignorarics
from your youthful Days. I am forry for .you, you will find yourfelf
miftaken when; it is too late; you .have Time to confider on it, and I
would advife you to do it for your own Good. Can you think of any
Thing elfe that you have done that they have fent you here for ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I have had fome few Words with People, but
I believe it is inconfiftent with this Affair.
Inq. What Words had you with the Spaniards at Malaga ?
Mart. My Lord, at firft feveral defired me to fpeak the Lingua for
them, to help them to fell their Goods to Ships that came to load there,
and I did ; but there came fo many, that I could not do Bufinefs for my
felf, fo that I defir'd them to excufe me, and take fome Body elfe : But
they ftill importuned me fo, that, I was oblig'd to tell them that I would
trouble my Head no more about their Bufinefs, and that I had Bufinefs
M m m enough

4^o The Hiftory of the I N QU f S I T 1 6 N?
enough of my own to. mind : At which they would oftentimes fall into
a Paffion, and generally reflect-' on my Religion, which I could not bear
-at all Times; fothatwe fpmetimes'quarrelled very much a/ a <a
Inq. Very well, Ifaac ; have you any Thing elfe to • fay relating \ to
your Affair?
Mart. My Lord, I don't know what to fay.
Inq. Well, go to your Dungeon, and think on what you have done;
for it will be a great Help to your Releafement. I will do you what?
Service I can; but you muft do what you can to ferve "your felf, and
think on what I have faid to you.
I was call'd to Audience three different Times more about the fame
Subject ; and he, ftill admonifhing me to change my Religion, gave me
to underftand, though he did not fpeak downright, that it was the only-
Way to get out of my. Troubles, which made me very uneafy in my
Mind, feeing what he aim'd at - ,3uA; ...
You muft know that the Secretary writes in Short-hand what I an
fwer'd to. his Demands..
A Vifit of one of the Lord's Inquifitors, Dori Petro Leonor..
Don Fernando, the Head Goal-keeper, one Morning told me thatl'muft
get my Dungeon very clean, put every Thing under the Bed-, and drefs
my felf as well as I could ; gave me fome Annifeed to throw in the Fire,-
when I fhould hear him come again, with one of the Lorda of the
Inquifition, who was to come to fee me. Some Time after he came;
and I threw the Annifeed in the Fire to take away the Stink of the
Dungeon. His Lordfhip's Name was Don Petro Leonor .- He was the
fecond Inquifitor^ and thus he begun to fpeak to me, ae if he had never
heard talk of me.
, Inq. How do you ? what- is your Name ?
Mart. My Lord, my Name is Ifaac Martin.
Inq. Well! Is the Goal-keeper civil to you? Do you want for any
Thing? Have you your Allowance ? ' ¦ x-
Mar. My Lord, The Goal- keeper is verycivih and I believe that he
allows me what isallow'd; but if I had more I could eat it. [He jpeaks
to the Goal-keeper, and afks him if he gave me my Allowance ; the Goal
keeper, anfwers, that he did.] ¦ .¦->¦'
..Inq. Well, then you have enough, [Jaid be tc- me.]: a- ;,.. ,
.... .::!(.• a-'jIL . -Mart.

The Hiftpry' of the I N QU I S IT 1 0 K 4* i
Mart,: My Lord, it is nPt that which troubles me { it is my being de
tained here: I can live upon the Allowance, though it is fhort.
Inq. Well, can I ferve ycu in any Thing ? The Secretary fhall write
it down. What, have you to fay ? ; Tell me.
Mart. My Lord, I have nothing to fay but what I have faid. [Toil
muft know that there is always a Seprtfa-ry '.with them, who carries Pen, Ink,
and Paper.]
Inq. Hark ye, you have" been brought up in Herefy ; it is a Pity: You
were all good People, and good Chriftians in England, 'till Henry VIII.
came ; and that was your firfVLofs : Then came Queen Elizabeth, and
\fhe was a very wicked Woman ; that every .Body knows : And here of
late you have had one that you call King William; he had no Religion,
what he aim'd at was to get the Crown ; and fo you have been led away.
[And thus he run on a long while.] r
Mart. My Lord, I believe that King William lived and died as a good
.Proteftant Chriftian, and he receiv'd the Sacrament from one of our Bi
fhops a little before he died.
Inq. I am very well affuiM that he had no Religion, for I read it in
a French Book: And as for your Biihops and Clergymen, they are
a ftrange fort of Men to marry and live fetch Lives as they do.
Mart. My Lord, I believe they live very well.
Inq. Hold your Tongue, you know no better; you are here for the
Good of your Soul. Now is a very good Time for you to renounce that
Herefy whichyou have been brought up in, apd to become a good Chrif
tian, as your Fore-fathers were. You have Time to think of it, there
is nothing to difturb you. Do you fay your Prayers fometimes ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord, I fay my Prayers.
Inq. Very well, you muft pray to God to enlighten you in the true
Faith of the Church of Rome, without which no Man can be faved. It
has been faid, that you are a Jew, but I don't believe it, though you
look fomething like one : But it does not go by Looks always. It may
be fome of your Relations formerly were Jews.
Mart. My Lord, I never heard that any ot my Relations were Jews ;
as for my Looks at prefent, I believe they are like a Jew's or a Turk's.
[Durft I to have fpoken, I had told him, that he look'd like one ; for his
Lordfhip had a tallow wdinfcotted Lookfi]
Inq. Well, think what I have faid to you for the Good of your
Soul, and don't be harden'd in your Opinion, but believe what I fay is
Mmm z for

4?* The -Kl^tyUfjiU moruisiTio "ft
for your Good. '' Yorc Eh^Uffniew fnirid eating arid drinking, arid your
Pleafures, more thart Religion.
And fo he went away," and glad Was I to be rid of his Vifit;
Some Days after, Don Ferndtido told me I muft go to the Audience.
Coming inrotheHooitt; my Lord begun to fpeak; to me thus:
, Inq. Well, Ifaacy .have you' any Thing now to' tell me relating to
your Affair ?
Mart. No, my Lord, unlefs I tell you the Tame Thing over again,,
and I believe it will not fignify any Thing.
Inq. What, then you have nothing elfe to fay, Ifade?
¦ Mart. No, my Lord, I have nothing to fey. [He rings a Bell fo call
the Goal-keeper, and bids him call 'another'. Secret ary, which came with
Jbme Writings in his Hand, makes me fign what I had faid in my Exa
mination, and orders the Secretary to read aloud the Papers that he had
in his Hand, which were my Accufations. ' ! After that he jpoke to me thus-
Inq. Well, what have you to fay for yourfelf?" You have heard what
you are accufed of?
' Mart. My Lord, there are ! feme Aecufetionsthat are true, and fome:
are falfe.
Inq. Can you anfwer to them all ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord,, one after another.. «"
Inq. So you fhall, But you muft take your Oath, that you wiU'arv
fwer true to the beft' of your Remembrance.. •'" ' ' ,1
- Mart. My Lord, I will. (After he bad given me' my Oath -as be~~
fore, he faid,)
Inq. Do you think that you know any of thofe People that have fent
their Accufations againft you ?
Mart: My Lord, I know a great many, if not all. ! wifh your Lord
fhip would fend for them, that 1 may fee1 them Face to' Face."
Inq. There-is no fuch Thing practis'd here ; don't be hafty^' anfwer
juft, and declare the Truth,
Mart. So I will, my Lord.
i Accufation, That at your firft coming to Malaga, you went and
fcolded at the School-mafter for teaching your Children the Chriftian
Doctrine ; telling him that you would teach them your Religion, and that
you fent them to School to learn to read and to write, and not Religion.
Mart. My Lord, I will confefs the Truth. I hope your Lordfhip
requires nothing elfe. I did go to the School-mafter, and told him that
I fent my Children to learn to read and write, and not to learn Prayers ;
that

The Hiftory cf the INQUISITION. 4n
that I would have them brought up in my Religion, and would teach
them how to pray ; but I did not fcold at him. I believe, my Lord, I
have the Liberty to bring up my Children in my own Faith, without
being called to an Account for it.
'-'' Inq. No, fince you live in a Chriftian Country, you muft let your
Children be brought up in the Chriftian Faith. [Bid me hold my Tongue,
and bid the Secretary write down what I had fold, and that I was guilty
in fo doing.]
2 Ace That at divers Times it was remarked, that I did not pull
my Hat off, nor pay any Homage to Images, but turn'd my Back to
them. Mart. My Lord, in my Religion we pay no Refpect fo graven Ima
ges. I profefs my felf to be a Proteftant, and it is againft my Con—
fcience to bow to any, and I am not oblig'd by Articles of Peace fo to
do. I believe your Lordfhip knows what the Word Proteftant means..
Inq. You live in a Country where People do fo, and it gives ill Exam
ples if you don't do as the reft : Whether you believe it is proper or no
fb to do, you muft do it.
Mart.. My Lord, confider that I am an Englip Proteftant, and that
I have not the Liberty of Confcience if I am oblig'd fo to dp. [He
bids the Secretary write down what I had Jaid.]
3 Ace. You have faid, walking in a Room with an Englip Captain,
a Heretick Tike your felf, that Purgatory was but an Invention of the
Church of Rome to get Money ; for there was one that could fpeak the
Language that heard you fay fo.
Mart My Lord, I can't remember every Thing that I have faid du
ring four Years Time. It may be that I have faid fuch a Thing, but if.
I did, it was not to a Roman Catholick. If there was one in the Room
that heard me fay fo, he muft be an Irip'man, who was not very wel-.
come there: For they come more, to 'fpy. than for any. Thing elfe.
Inq.. Do you think that you know his Name ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord, I believe his Name is R.M,
Inq.. But how came, you to fay fuch Things in thefe Countries?
Mart. My Lord, my Religion admits of. no Purgatory, as I told yon:
before, and ' being in my own Houfe, arripng People of my i own Reli
gion, not minding that Iripman, I believe I did fay fo.
Inq. Are you not forry for having faid fo ?
Mart. My Lord, if I have faid amifs^ I beg your Lordfhip's Pardon, Inq.

4J*4 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I ON.
Inq. To be fure you ought, not to /peak in thefe Countries. [Write
down, Secretary, that the Heretick begs Pardon to the third Accujation.]
4 Ace. That, going along with a Perfon, he pull'd his Hat off to a
Crucifix, and you afk'd him for what Reafon he pull'd off his Hat ?
He told you to the Crucifix, and you anfwer'd him. we have no fuch
Thing in our Country, and went away without pulling off your Hat.
Mart. My Lord, I remember the Time very well, it is very true.
I never pull off my Hat to a Crucifix, unlefs they are carried in Pro--
ceffion, and -then I ufed to pull it off; but not in Refpect-to the Image,
but. to caufe no 'Scandal.
Inq. Don't you find your felf in a Fault for fo doing ? For if every
Body fliould do Jo, the Chriftian Religion would fall, and come to
nothing. Mart. My Lord, if I was a Roman, or, if by Articles of Peace be
tween my "King, .and the King of Spain, there were fuch Things men
tioned, , that Englip Proteftants were obliged to pay Homage to aU the
Crucifixes, Images, aiid.Sairtts, I fhould reckon myfelf guilty : But there
is rib fuch Thing, I reckon myfelf no' ways guilty, and defire your
Lordfhip to try me by the Articles of Peace, tbat I may know whether
I am guilty or not.
5 Ace. That you have fpoken feveral Times againft the Church of
Rome, difputing of Religion, and had been admonifh'd feveral Times
to embrace our holy Faith, without which no Man can be faved ; but
you never would give Ear to it.
Mart. My Lord, at my firft Arrival in the Inquifition, you granted
me that a Man might defend his Religion : It is what I have done.
As for being admonifh'd to change it, it has happen'd very often ; but
I have no Inclination to change.
Inq. Could not you defend your Religion, without fpeaking againft.
the Church of Rome.
Mart. My Lord, I can't tell how to do that ; for in difputing, as
People fpoke againft my Religion, I fpoke againft theirs, and gave Proof
of Scripture of what I faid.
Inq. Hold your Tongue with your Scripture : There are other Things
befides Scripture that you muft believe, that are revealed to the Church*
You are in the wrong: You muft take care what you fay in thefe
Countries. It was for the Good of your Soul that you were admonifh'd;
and I would have you confider of it at prefent, for your own Good. 6 Ace.

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 4yr
6 Ace. That being aboard an Englifo Ship, with your Wife, and
others in Company, a certain Perfon of the Female Sex was admonish
ing your Wife to be a good Chriftian, and to change her Religion ; and
you bid her hold her Tongue, and mind her own Religion, and not
-trouble herfelf to make Converts; and you feolded at her very much.
It was on a Friday, and you eat Meat ; do you remember that, Ifaac ? '
Mart. Yes, my Lord, we were very merry, drinking pf Florence and
Punch; and that Woman was always talking of Religion to my Wife,-.
tho' flie hardly knew what fhe faid, or at beft knew but little of the
Matter. I defir'd her -to be quiet, and told her we did not come abroad
to talk of Religion, but to be merry ; which fhe continuing to talk of,
made us all very uneafy ; fo-that I bid her hold her Tongue, and mind
her own Religion, and fo we quarrell'd. As for eating- Meat on a Fri
day, I generally do, and fo did fhe, tho'" fhe is a Roman Catholic.
Inq. You are in the wrong : That Woman gave good Advice to your
Wife, and might have converted her, if it had not been for you ; but
I fuppofe that you dont cars that fhe fhould be a Chriftian. You will
have her remain as fhe is.
Mart. My Lord, I hope fhe is a Chriftian already, and has no Mind
to change her Religion.
Inq. If it was not for- you, your Family would be all good Chrif
tians; but you- hinder them. [Write down, Secretary, what the Here
tic Jays.]
7 Ace. That being in Company with fome Englijh Heretic Captains
at a Church, there were fome People kneeling, and praying to the Image
of the Virgin Mary ; and the Captains ask'd you if they pray'd to the
Image; to which you anfwer'd, Yes ; that they were brought up in that
Way of Worfhipping from their Infancy, and that they knew no better,,
being brought up in Ignorance.
Mart. My Lord, I have been divers Times walking with Captains a
I don't remember this particular Time. It may be, that fome Body
heard me fay fo-; but I am fure I fpoke Engliftj, andrit muft' be an Irijl?
Man that heard me fay fo.
Inq. You think that no Body underftands what you fay, but you are
rniftaken; and People, hearing you talk fo, may believe that they are
brought up in Ignorance.
Mart. My Lord, I did not fay it defignedly to make them believe
fo; neither did I know that any Body underftood me but thofe Cap
tains, that are of the fame Religion as I am : If I have faid amifs, I beg
your

4S6 The- Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
your Lordfliip's Pardon: It was thro' Ignorance, not knowing that fech
Things might not be faid in thefe Countries.,
Inq. You have more Malice than Ignorance, as you fay. You know
too much of what you fhquld not know,; and you won't know what
you fhould know. Do you beg Pardon of this holy Tribunal, for hav
ing faid fo ?•
Mart. Yes, my Lord,, if I have faid amifs. [He Jays to the Secretary,
fhaking his Head, Writedown what the -.Heretic jays ; I wijh begging
Pardon may do.] fi . li:. .f ¦ , - ¦-]'¦-[¦¦¦[ '-•:.'
8 Ace. That, being walking, with feveral 'Merchants, the hplyHoft
paft by ; they all pull'd off their Hats, and fome kneeled down ; but
you did not fo much as pull your Hat off, which caufed a great Scan
dal, infomuch that fome People had a mind to ftab you,, for feeing you
fo irreverend in a Chriftian Country. / I ¦
Mart. My Lord, it is falfe; Lhaye lived feveral ; Years in .Roman
Countries, . and, know that by Articles of Peace J am obliged to have my
Tiat off; and during my living at Malaga, I always took care to caufe
no Scandal: But for bowing or kneeling, I did not, nor am I obliged
to it, for it is againft pur Religion. As for People ftabbing me, I have
run thofe Hazards many a Time upon the Account of my Religion. - -¦<»
Inq. -But thefe People would not accufe ypu, if it was not true.
mart. My Lord, they accufe me of being a Jew ; muft that tie true?
I wifh your Lordfhip would let me fee my Accufers ; for whilft I am
here, they may accufe me of Murder, and I muft anfwer fo a Thing
that I know nothing of. I don't underftand this Way of Juftice ; let
the Secretary write down what you pleafe, a:, '¦ . ¦ . :
Inq. Don't you be in a Paffion, Ifaac. . , -a
Mart. My Lord, it is very hard to be accufed of Things, that one
knows nothing of. In other Courts one fees his Accufers: I don't un
derftand this Way- of Juftice, my Lord. It fignifies nothing to me to
.make any Defence ; let your Secretary write what you pleafei • <
Inq. I believe you don't -underftand this Juftice; but you deny the
Accufation, don't you? ,j c
Mart, Yes, my Lord, I do; for it is falfe. .v..A
p. Ace. You have been threaten'd divers Times with the Pope's Au
thority in thefe Countries ; and you have faid, that you did not value
him., and that he had no Audiority over you".
MarL My Lard, it is true, I have -faid fa ^ .. a
i- a- A.AA-,': -Inq.

The Hiftory cf the INQUISITION. 4*7
--•%. How came you to fay fo? Don't you value the holy Father,
-who is God on Earth ?
Mart. .My Lord, talking with fome People, who were very trouble-
fome, about Religion, they have threaten 'd me with the Pope's Au
thority ; and being an Englip Proteftant, I thought that he had nothing
to do with me.
Inq. What ! then you value no Body.
Mart. I beg your Lordfliip's Pardon : I value all Mankind, as being
Fellow-Creatures: I value the Pope as Bifhop oi Rome, but not for what
Authority he has over me ; for I believe he has none.
;, Inq. You're miftaken, Ifaac. Who is the Head of your Church ?
\ Mart. My Lord, I fee to my Sorrow that I was miftaken : Chrift
Jefus is the Head of our Church.
Inq. What ! then you allow no Head upon Earth ?
Mart. No, my Lord.
- Inq. Hold your Tongue ; you are an Unbeliever: He is God upon EartW
10 Ace. That .being walking with fome Captains of Ships, there was
a Proceflion going by, and you bid them to retire, and not mind it.
Mart. My Lord, Proceffions are very frequent at Malaga: I have
oftentimes been in Company with Captains that never were in Roman
Countries, and they, not knowing that People went there for Devotion,
would laugh, and fome Would not pull their Hats off; fo that I often
bid them retire;, to caufe no Scandal: I hope there is no Harm in that,
my Lord^
Inq. Have you no Regard for our Proceffions ?
. Mart. My Lord, living in a Roman Country, that I might ciufe ncs
Scandal, I ufed to pull off my Hat, but not in Refpect to the Images
that were there.
it Ace. That the : Proceflion went by, and all the People kneeled
down, and worfhipped, and you ftoqd with your Hat on, and took no
notice of it, which caufed a great Scandal.
Mart. My Lord, I remember nothing of the Accufation ; but I be
lieve it is falfe ; and if I did not pull my Hat off, it was becaufe the
Hoft was not there : But for kneeling or bowing, as I told your Lord
fhip before, I never do. Your Lprdfhip tries me as if I was a Roman,
I am a Proteftant : I gave a fmall Account of my Religion to your Lord-
, fhip at my firft Coming ; if I was a Roman I fhould be guilty.
Inq. Well, but though you have the Liberty to live in thefe Chriftian
Countries, you have not the Liberty to do what you pleafe.
"Nnn Mart>

#8 The Hiftory +f the 1*1 QUIS I TI O N.T
\Mart. My Lord," I hope that- E%/^fVotAnts have Liberty of •Con
fcience in thefe Countries, by Articles -of Peace, or elfe they would not?
Ifve here. The Spaniards are not molefted in England upon the Account
of their Religion."
• ' Inq.' Ybri ought to^briform-yourfelfto the^orinlsry ^tayoudlvejin,-i
12 Acc. That being in your Houfe, an Englip Captain ' fpeaking' ft*
you, asked you if you was a Jew, and you fell a -laughing, 'and "faid,
that you did not value what fuch feandalous People ' faid ; that you was
ready to 'give ah Account of what Religion you was:
Mart. It is true, my Lprd,tI4ittle v&u'd wha* foch feandalous People
faid^^trid'was Mways ready1 fb-give an-'Aee^untidif • my Faith/ but little
mbtight T-fhbuici^e fen thefe* to be exalmirfd ^whether I was a.' Jew or
no;- there are Clergymen enough at MaMgJ. ~w[>it is computed, thd\
there are fifteen hundred of one. Sort Mother, atfd-Mjal&gii is no bigger than
two of our Paripes.]
•' Inq. This' is the prppereft Plkce* t&^e&a&iiti&ks ; -anditik/fiibJpj^h-
ing''Matterin this Country to* beaftfie'M&jlieof'a/^W.
MarfAMy Lord,: before T el'tne to Malaga } Phadiiyed in fevehd
Parts of Spain' arid Portugal. v I knew that jews are not allowed to live
in thofe Countries, 'and are burnt -if they don't change their Religion^
if taken' up1 tiy 'the-' Ihquijff$fflr/ > Had I been a Jew,~-1 fliio^d /not. shave
come here tojlivep with 'a Wife fed four Children; to fun tfrci^H&!nDtfo,
I3believe y^FLtfrdfoi'^ that I 4tnnojJ^wj 'nurAi fid
Inq. Your Name is Ifaac, and your Son's Name is Abraham,!, and
you iky that you are no ' Jew I
'Mart. Thofe 'Names fignify nothing, my Lord : I thank God I .am
a/good Chriftiafr, 'and hope tb die-iri the fame Faith.
, .13 Accs That you never gave any thing to thofe that begrfoeth&ScDdlB
thkt :afe in Purgatory, but huff'dHhem,' fending -them taiffie J3ksril.r
r Mart: My Lord, it- is. true; but he does not mention, the Rea&itt,
why I did fay fo,
¦jlnq. Well/let 33jei&k tfa£ffi§a&«tfee Truth ; :how was.it? VaI. j-
"\AMart. IVlyLbrd, <the Perfon " tbk^lcpmesito' beg, knows me veiiyjwjcjir
to be a Pfoteftani; he comes generally- every Night at -my DoerivIjc&fiiSx
defir'd him to excufe me ; th'af I gave -no Alms. for the; Souls thatfamSn
Purgatory ;' but the more I excus'd myfelf, the more he infilled; (-info
much, thaj he called me Heretick Dog,- telling me that I was damii'd,
andfticfrild go to the 'Devil. I refrained, as much as I could,- fpeafeing
to .him; butat laft; gave hini as good as heibrowght.:". I allow mjjfelf, that

The Hiftbry' of ihe I N QU IS I T I O N. ^9
that I was to blame, -in putting myfelf in a Paffion with fuch a Man ;
;but one is not Mafter of one's felf at all Times; and tho' I live in a Ro-
Imart-'- Country, I don't think that I am obliged, to take all the Abufes
that I have received upon the Account of my Religion. I have fome
times given Alms to People that a3ked me in a civil Way, buf not to
.pray for Souls departed. ¦ ' *•
Imp. What ! then you don't believe there is a Purgatory ?
u Muff. -No, my Lord, I don't believe there is aiiy fuch thing.
Inq.'- Have you declared the Truth ?
i. ¦iHfiari. Yes, my Lord.; ' >-.
'Ai.-lnf.. Well, hold your Tongue, < fay no more.
' t-4 Ace. That People, being in Company, have heard you fey, that you
fear'd no Juftice i and they ask'd you if you did not fear the Inquifition;
aiad you anfwefd No ; that you was rto Jew, nor Roman Catholic, but
an Englip Proteftant, and the Inquifition had nothing to do with you.
Mart. My Lord, I have oftentimes -faid fo.
Inq. What I are you under no Laws, becaufe you are an Englifh Man ?
' Mart. My Lord, an honeft Man fears no Juftice. I know, that let
me live where I will, I am fubject to the civil Laws - of the Country ;
but I did not believe the ecclefiaftical' Law had any Tower over Englifh
'Proteftants. dt ffy . ;ia .A
• -¦ Inq. You think, that becaufe you are ari Englip Proteftant, you may
,fay or do what you pleafe; This isa Country where People muft take
a great deal of Care what they fay.
Mart. My Lord, I lived fuch a Life at Malaga, that I feared no
'Joftice ; if I have faid amifs, I beg your Lordfliip's Pardon.
Ind. Do you beg Pardon of the Holy Office for what you have faid?
Mart. My Lord*- if- 1 have faid amifs, I beg Pardon.
Inq. Secretary, write down that the Heretic begs Pardon to .that
-Accufation ; I wifh it may do.
15 Ace. That you have had Jews in your Houfe, without giving no
tice to the Commiflioner of the Inquifition, that' they might be taken
up, and profecuted according to the Laws of the Country ? How durft
you do fuch Things ? Do you remember any fuch -Things?,
A Mart. Yes, my Lord, I do very well.
Inq. Let us hear what you have to fay for yourfelf ?
Mart. My Lord, there came a Ship bound for Leghorn, that had a
¦Paffenger that came to 'my Houfe. - He fpoke very- good Sftdnijh, -and I
believe, iby his Looks, he was a Jew. He ftay'd with his Captain about
N n n 2 two

4<fo The Hiftory of the I N QU IS IT I ON.
two Hours at my Houfe. I never faw him before, nor fince. He might
be a Chriftian for what I knew ; but being bound for Leghorn, and
fpeaking good Spanip, I thought he was. a Jew. That is all that J
-know of the Man : God knows what be Religion he was of.
Inq. Do you know the Perfon that has fent his Accufation againft you-?
Mart. Yes, my Lord, his Name is A. H. a Man of a forry Character.
1 6 Ace. That it is confirm'd by feveral' People, that the faid Heretic
Ifaac Martin, during his Living atMafaga, has at divers (Times fhewn
himfelf very difaffected againft the holy Faith of the , Church oi Rome,
and has hinder'd fome People from embracing it; and had it not been
for the fake of his Family, he had been .murder'd long ago; and. we
recommend him to your holy Office as a dangerous and pernicious Man
againft the holy Faith of the Church of Rome; and a great many report
that he is a Jew. We defire your holy Tribunal will examine him with
a great deal of Strictnefs, according to the Cuftom of your holy Office,
and give him fuch Chaftifement as your Lordfhips fhall think fit, as
¦well in Body as in Chattels.
Inq. Well, what have you to fay for yourfelf ? See what a Character
People give you ! Sure you are a very wicked Man !
, - Mart. My Lord, I fuppofe; rhefe : are. very good .Chriftians thai give
me this Character; God knows beft what to do with them; There, is
none of them that can fay that I have wrong'd'any" Body at: Malaga.
I have always profeffed myfelf to be a Proteftant, and for that Reafori,
and no other, I have been brought here. I hope God will enable me to
go through thefe Afflictions. I am very well aflur'd that your Lordfhip
knows I am no Jew : As for what Character they give me, God knows
beft whether I deferve it or no. I have anfwered to your Examination,
the Truth, to the beft of my Remembrance; and L believe your Lord
fhip knows it to be fo, and knows that thofe People who inform'd
againft me are but People of a very indifferent Character, who have al
ways envied me ever fince 1 lived at Malaga.
Inq.. Moft of your Accufers are your Countrymen : Sure they would
not fpeak. againft you if it was -aot fol ,-,-, :
Mart. My Lord,. thefe whom you reckon- my Countrymen, are the
worft Enemies I have. I deny 'em for Countrymen : They are Irifh.
It is true that Ireland belongs to the Crown oi England; but thefe People
have deferred from our Army, and are Enemies to my Religion, King,
.and Country, and the worft that an Englifh Proteftant can have abroad!
,, a! <a. I wonder

rfeHiftory of the I N QU \ S I T TO N\ 4.61
I wonder, my Lord, that there, is never a Merchant, or a Man of any
good Repute, that has declared any thing againft me.
r. :Inq^ Hold. your Tongue: Do' you think that J wiU believe ;til you
fay? (To be fure you have been a very wicked Man, by what is here
mention'd; and you deny a. great many Things, a,nd are fo malicious,
that "you give what Turn you pleafe td Things. I have heard of you four
Years ago: You are a fly Man; but, we have Tortures to make People
foeak the Truth, if they: don't i
Mart. My Lord,, you rijay do what you pfeafe with me : . I can't help
myfelf :; Your Lordfhip knows that I have declared, the Truth. ,-:- :
Iriqi You fhall have a Lawyer to defend your Caqfe ; but I Relieve it is
.very bad. {The Lawyer is called in : My Lord tells him that I am a flrong
Heretic; that he has examin'd me; that I deny a great many Things of
which %¦ aw accufed,. .,' He bids -him write to Malaga, to know what they
jay of me ; tells him that my Cafe js very bad,, but might be remedied, but
I would not.] ;} "ni;.; .-
Inq. Go, you are guilty: You may repent of what you, have faid, if
you dont take Care. Sign thefe Papers, which are what you confefs.
[Tbe Lawyer faid Tea and Nay to what my Lord Jaid, and never fpoke, a
Word to me, nor I fo him ; fo I went away to my Dungeon, ' , -
. : Don Fernando had oftentimes told: me, that if I would go to Audience
I might, if , I defifd it. Finding that I was a Fortnight without being
call'd,- 1 told him that I defir'd Audience ; which was granted me two
cr three Days afterwards. Coming into the Room, my Lord begun
thus :
Inq. Well, Ifaac, what have you to fay in your Defence ? You have
demanded^Audience^ ,fi
Mart. My Lord, I have nothing to fay but what I haye faid already*
I come to beg the Favour of your Lordfhip to difpatch me. I believe
you have done examining of me. I remember that they defir'd your
Lprdfhip to ehaftife me both in Body and Wealth : I believe that my
Body has been chaftjs'd enough, in fuffering what I have fuffer'd ; to be
lock'd up in a dark Dungeon by myfelf, where I am worfe than a Dog.
As for what Wealth God has given me, your Lordfhip is welcome to it.
1/ 1 am fech a bad Man as People report, ,fetter me, and fend me,, with
my Family, aboard any Ship; let, her be bound where fhe will, God
will provide for us.
Inq. Hold, hold, Ifaac; Things are not done fo foon as you think
for : Youfhave broken the Articles of Peace, by your own Confeflion. Marl,-

4S* The -Hiftory^/ the I N'QUI SI TION.
Mart. My Lord,* I am very forty if I have. "''I defire your Lbrdfhip
would fliew them to me, that I may know in what I am guilty. .. a>s
"-¦Inq. I have thenii -You fhalt fee^thein another Time/; There is a
great deal to 'be fkid* in your Affair'. ' Have you any thing elfe to fay. Ai
¦*Marf."No, my<Lord,^I defire to be trfed by" them." You was plea^'
fed to tell me;- that you would quickly difpfttch me.
- Inq. Go, go to your Dungeon, and think upor4 what you have done.
When I came to my Dungeon, I was refol'v'd to afk for -no more
Audience, and-wonderd'-that'" a Man* wh8S4@tsr-'upon a Throhe^betwixt
two Crucifixes, r^ttr?bte^fo' himfelf Hodfftfsr and Infallibility,; fhould
teM me fomany Lies'fQrfdfourid' that there- was -no Way Of Redemp
tion, but by'-praying -'-td'-tSo^l to give' me Strength, .and deliver me from
their HaVids/
Some Days after Don-Jpfe^h:'F}qua-1re-z, the third- Inquifitor, oafne
witha Secretary to my Dungeon'-." ''arid- thuVhe begun :
. Inp How do you do, Ifaac ? Have you any thing tof,fay in' your
Defence?" Gail I ferveyou in any "thing? ^Telt^e"
Mart < My Lord, I have nothing to fay, but what I have faid already.
I think it is very hard to be kept here fo long/
Inq. Hark ye,' you --think, you Englip Men a'* that we aim at- your
Wealth ;- but -you are miftaken, there is no "fiich Thirigf. r You have con.
felled that you did riot pull your -Hat off '-at out Irnages'.: - You ought to
do it," living in thefe Chriftian- Countries,1" whether you believe in them
or no; for it fhews ill Examples if you don't. • ''- ^mA a»
Mart. My Lord, we Proteftants never dp fiich Things; it is agaiflft
our- "Religion and our Gdrifeieriee fc*> to de;
Inq. You muft all dp it in this Country, and it is a Thing that Ought
tb be done; See if I can ferye you in anything.
'--¦ Mart. If your Lordfhip would be pleafed to get me out of this MU
fery,' I fhould be very much oblig'd to you.
'-' Inq. There is Time for 'all .Things : You have been brought up in
Herefy; you kre here for the Good of your -Soul; you muft* enlighten
yourfelf in the true Faith: I Will do you all the Service I- can."' Have
you any thing 'elfe' to fay ?
S'-Mart. My Lord, I hope to be faved in the Faith that I am in.
"Inq. Well, think upon What I 'have faid, to you. Farewel.-'"--

Deferiptiori

ro©Haw# yf mm i nau i-,s 1 r. i om 4^
Defcription of th ' Inqutfitimiof Granada.
.*' The Inquifition is like it; Palace fill you, ©pen the' BopfsAQf.the Dun
geons, ahdr. then it looks i very difmal. , It isobuih^ouieb: in the. fame
Manner as a. Convent,! wirh;GaUerieslalLroiln.dr it, There are Dungeons
on the Ground Floor, up one Pair of Stairs, and up two.' Pair of Stairs,
all in the fame Nocture. 'They are'abqut fifteen Foot long, and ten in
iBreadth ;. two.JDbotsIto each [Dungeon, well bolted, and well lock'd;.
Light enough ItQ fee tto- read, in! fome Parts -where the Light gives.
There are :fibree Lords :Jnquififorsrnbut there is butonerlhat examines
.at an Audience. They hive their .AparCfhents in fcfM Inqifijfitim.-. There
are Ave Secretaries,- and two GoaL- Keepers, whichi receive Salary from
the King. The King names the Inquifitors, • and the Pope confirms
them A Dm Baltazar, the Under Goal-Keeper, told me, there were
;about a hundred '.Dungeons, and each Perfon is in one by himfelf. The
i-Erifoners^are let out/but oneYats a Time, to fetch, their Allowance; of
•toi throw out their Dirt, which is twice, a Week each, and then they arc
.lock'd up. Every Prifoner. is allow'd Five-pence Halfpenny .a1 -Day,
Englip Coin, .for . all Neceflaries< "i The.. Goal- Keeper ' comes and asks
you twice a Weekvwhat you will have^to eat or tb drink, as far as it
w®u© go.: I: wiasidlowM between fouraradfiye Pound of Bread a Week;
two Pound and a 'Quarter Of Meat, which I ufed to make fix Bbilings
of,.- and bri a Friday boil'd fome Bread with.alittlekOji arid Greens toge
ther for my Dinner. I was beft provided with Wine; for I had about
.fix Pints ;of our Meafure per Week. Greens I had Plenty of to put in
my Pot. Yl had at Breakfaft a Piece of Bread as big as a Couple ©f
Eggs, aGlafs.of: Wine, and a Glafs of Water riiix'd together, and at
Supper the fame ;, but at Dinner Ihad'ialways lily fix:Ounces.of Meat,
(except Fridays) • and a great deal of Greens boil'd- along .with it; fo
that my Belly was pretty full at Dinner. • The firft Day my Meat was
fweet/but the fecond it fmelt, artd the third it flunk, and was green in
:, Summer- time ;bhut I" ufed to eat it, having nothing elfe..; At firft .1
'.thought it very hard, to be reduced to fuch,. an Allowance, having lived -
;• in: Plenty ; - but fome. time after/ 1 'was ufed to it; but grew- very, lean,
though, I thank God^ I enjoyed my Health almoft all the. Time! was
there.
•.. The Prifoners are "allow'd Earthen Plates and Pipkins, and an Earthen
Stave tQ b^htOFh-e, ^ to put
a their

4^4 -The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
their Bread and Necefiaries in, a Wooden Spoon, a Broom, and a Bafon
to do what one has Occafion in. Thefe are no Shelves nor Tables al
low'd, nor any thing to fit upon but fome Boards that are faften'd in the
Wall, which your Bed is'upon. 11 You are ailow'dno Knife nor Fdrk ;
fothat they are obliged to part their Meat witivtheir Teeth and Fingers,
as well' as they can. I had heHrdAmany Years before I was taken up,
that they gave Meat without Bones to the Prifoners that were in the
Inquifition;. but to my Sorrow, when I came there,T I found the con
trary ; for fometimes out of fix Ounces, 1 believe I had but three or four
of Meat, r THe Prifoners are not allow'd sBoofes, Pen, Ink, nor Paper;
and if they are ithenel never fo many Years, they can aiever hear front
their Family, or Relations;; They are not allow'd to hear Sermons, or
Mafs, nor to take the Sacrament ;. and if they pray, it muft be fo foftiy
that no Body cari hear them, upon pain of being chaftifed. s
I wasone Day ringing to myfelf very Jbftly, thinking no Body heard
- me, the fixth; Pfalm, which . was very a propos.iov the Condition I was
in; but Dion. Fernando came gndcihreaten'd me, and bid ame. hold i rhy
Tongue.,9 I laskedihis Pardon, and I ifoiihd out afterwards that they
walk'd fbftly to^hear if the Prifoners made any Noife, dr fpoke to one
another. They are io fecret in their Ways,? that feveral. Friends and Re
lations may be in the fame Inquifition, andnot knowof it; ; a:- -i uoy
There are ieverai-Inquijitions in. Spain ; but the chief/is at Madrid;
and by wiiat I could karri by Don Fernando, they all give an Account,
in fome meafure, rof what r they do, ''• to the' Inquifition of Madrid. I
asked Don Fernando another Time whether they put People of Quality
in the Inquifition ? He told me that the King was fubject .to it, and
<that the Inquifition was above him, and that there was a Bifhop in a
litde while ago. I asked-him for what ?: He told me that he had r,com-
mitted fome Errors in the holy Faith.! I was allow'd a Lawyer to de
fend my Caufe, but he was not allow'd to fpeak to me, nor I to him.
The Holy Tribunal, as they call it, is almoft as large as our Houfe of
Parliament where the Lords fit, very finely adorn'd with Pictures'. There
is alfo a fine Altar ; the Throne is garnifhed with red Velvet. Thefo
are three fine arm'd Chairs, where the Inquifitors fit * behind them there1
isa large Crucifix, embroider'd witirGold; at the Right Hand of it is
the triple Crown, and the Crofs Keys under it; and at the Left Hand a
naked Sword, and the King's Arms under it, all finely embroider'd
rupon red Velvet, with Gold and Silver. The Table i-s alfo cover'd
with red Velvet, with a Crucifix upon jt, about two. Foot high, of Gold or

Thettfowy ofthe INQUISITION. 4^
er Silver gilded j the Secretary fits at the End of the Table, and the
Prifoner fronting the two Crucifixes and my Lord. There is a large
Standkh, and fome Silver Bells upon the Table, to call the Secretaries
or the Goal-Keepers, for there muft no Voices be heard.
The Holy Office, as they call it, feefns to have been invented to keep
the People in Ignorance, and in Fear, which they do fo effectually,'
that no Body durft keep a Bible or a Teftament in their Houfe. I knew
a Gentleman, a Roman Catholic, who liv'd at Malaga, that had fent
his Son into England for Education, who coming over again, brought
one of our Common-Prayer Books tranflated into Spanijh. An Irip
Prieft hearing pf it, went to his Houfe, and threaten'd to put him in
the Inquifition for keeping fuch a Book ; took it away from him, and
burnt it. I could rehearfe a great many fiich Things, which I know to
have happen'd. I have travell'd many Hundreds of Miles in Spain and
Portugal, but never could fee a Bible or a Teftament printed in Spanip
or Portuguefe ; for the Printers durft not print them.
Mr. Martin here gives us feveral Particulars concerning the Officers of
the Inquifition ; but all thofe People, as well as their Manner of Proceed
ing, having been defcribed, we fhall avoid Repetitions. Our Author pro*
ceeds thus :
. After I had been there about thirteen Weeks, I was called to Audience
again, which rejoiced me very much, thinking that now I fhould know
my Doom. When I came into the Room, my Lord begun thus :
Inq. Well, Ifaac, have you thought of any thing elfe in your Affair,'
befides what you have already declar'd ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I have nothing elfe to fay, unlefs I repeat what I
have faid already: I believe it willfignify nothing. ;.
Inq. Here are feveral more Accufations come againft you, that you
muft anfwer to.
Mart. It is very well, my Lord j I will anfwer to them as well as I cani
[He reads them over, and I believe there were as many again as before :
Some I have fit down here that I remember.]
Inq. Well, Ifaac, what have you to fay now ?
Mart. My Lord, this is the fame Thing over again, only the Accu
fations are fomething altered and mifplaced. I can quickly anfwer to
thern ; and as for thofe that are added to them, they are almoft all falfe,
and the Devil has invented them.
Inq. Hold, Ifaac, you talk ftrangely,
O 0 o Mart.

+66 TM Hiftory ofthe IN QUTSTTI O N.
Mart. My Lord, I fpeak the Truth: Your Lordfhip was pleafed to
tell me, at my firft Coming* that you would difpatch me very foon : I
have been here above three Moaths, and am no likelier to get dut thai*'
the firft Day. .Im-ui ¦<*' •ui-:ru • "A"' ^--'l* e-Ari
T Inq* ;$59}A,.ho:l<k"i rda you ctiiinfc that Jut&icpk done- here asin your
Country, at random, and I don't know how? Here Things ate well
examined, and Juftice is done as it ought tb be done. Remember that
you are upon your Oath, arid anfwer to thefe Articles.
Mart. Muft I anfwer to them that I have anfwered already ?
Inq. Yes, yon muft, and take care what you fay.
Mart. It is very well, iriyLordi [I quickly pan overtbem, and theit
he, began, with the f rep ones.]
•. i j Acc. That I hindered my Family from being brought tip- in the
Chriftian Faith ; and that if it was not for me, they would be all 2J<?*
mans, andit is agakfrthe Laws of the'Country to hinder therm
Mart. My Lord, it is i -falfe thatt rfty Family had1 any Inclination to
be Romans ; neither can any Laws oblige them to be fo, or hinder me
from, bringing them up in my Religion. Your Lordfhip, five Weeks
ago, told me that you would fhew me the Articles1 of Peace, and1 that
Lb^d broke them ; pray . let me fee them, my Lord.
Inq. You fhall fee them another Time. Anfwer to thefe Articles. ¦
rMArii. MyiLbrd, -all my Family are as T am.- I could- never per-
G^vftithiattthf^Ihad^a mind; to-' change their ; Religion.
Inq. -. What! ' do you deny this Accufation ? ^
^M.art. Yes, my Lord, Ido: It is all falfe.
1 8 Acc. That I ufed to fhut my Window Shutters when the Proceffion -
wjentby, tqhnider.m.y Children, from kneeling down, and ufed to beat
them if they fhew'd anylricUnation.to^be Roman Gatholi'cks*
. Mart.,: I^by,;Lord, it is true-that^I have fhut niy Shutters feveral
Times ; for fometimes I had Captains of Ships in my Houfe that would
not, pull, their Hats off when they faw them.. As for niy Children, they
went, to, the Window -generally' to laugh, and I oftentimes5- bid them not
to fhew themfelves when they^wentby,- that no Scandal might be given r-
Andif I had beat them;' as Itis-' faid,' Ibelievd that LhaVethe Liberty
to, do it,-, if I pleafei ;>,,,,;...
Inn. No,, you have not in fome, Cafes. Ffowbld are your Children? ]i
M&rt.\ One; is fifteen, and the other is eighty and- the other is; five
Xcars of Age. - -aiaa'Y ?a. L»ri._
Inq. They are of Age to be brought- tip1 in -the Ghr&tian F&ith.
' ¦' ! Mart,.

The Hiftory' ef the I H. QJI I S I T I O N. 4.67
Mtrp. I hope they are my Lord; but as for the two youngeft, they
can be brought up to any Religion. c
Inq. Your Daughter and ypur Son.Abraham are of Age, and yow arc
but their Father-in-Law : They may be brought up in the Chriftian
Faith.T You have nothing to do wifh them.
Mart. My Lord, I hope that they are Chriftians, and I look upoil
them as if thpy were my awn Children.
Inq. So that you would have 'em brought up in your Religion ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord. , . ' .
19 Acc. That my Daughter being of Age, had often faid in the
Neighbourhood that fhe would be a Roman Catholic, but fhe was afraid
that I fhould beat her if I knew of it, and that I had oftentimes beat
her upon that Account.
Mart. My Lord, I have nothing to anfwer to fiich Lies : It is. as falfe
as tbe Devil is falfe.
Inq. What! have you nothing to fay,. Ifaac, to this Article ?
Mart. No, my Lord, I never knew my Daughter inclinable to be a
Roman, and I never did beat her upon that Account ; it is all falfe, and
you may orderyour Secretary to write; down what you pleafe.
20 Acc. That in Lent, and other Faft-Days, I caufed my Family, to
eat Meat, and forbid them to keep any Fafl>D&ys that -were appointed
by the Church of Rome, and beat them if they did.
Mart; My Lord, thofe are poor Accufations, and they are all filfe.
I thank God, my Table afforded Flefh and Fifh all the Year round: I
never troubled my Head to fee what the Servants ufed to eat, and as
fpr my Wife j^nd. Children, we eat Meat all the Year without Scruple
of Confcience ; your Lordfhip knows that
Inq. YoixEngljjh mind nothing bujt eating -and drinking,, and living
at your Eafe," without doing any Penance.
Mart. My Lord, I beg your Pardon; we have Souls to be faved as
well as other Nations. We are born in a plentiful Country, , and. I be
lieve we live as well as any Nation, and ferveGod aswell;
Inq. Your Country w^s a good ^Country formerly ; y it produced *x
great many Saints, but now it produces no fuch Thing.
Mart. My- Lord, I believe there are no. Saints, now ; but I am per
fuaded it produces as many good Men. as ever it did.
Inq. Hold your Tongue:- You are all loft Men: You are all fallen
from the holy Church; and. there is no Salvation for you, if you don't
come into itagain,i: , v:_-., rii:: \ xcb'tiAiAc iif/Aj *.. ¦/<_ ,ff i , a
O 00 2 21 Acc*

468 The Hiftory ef the INQUISITION
2 1. Acc. That my Children had often been at Mafs, and at Prayers in
the Neighbourhood, and would do it every Day, if I would let them,
but I beat them, and hinder'd them from being Chriftians, and was the
Occafion of ¦- lofing their Souls. :
Mart. My Lord, I never knew my Children go to Mafe not Prayers
an the Neighbourhood, nor ever beat them upon -that Account. I hope
God will fave their Souls in the Religion they are brought -up in, though
the Church of Rime condemns them ; and the Accufation is falfe.
Inq. Why ! you deny every Thing almoft.
Mart, I deny nothing but what is falfe, my Lord. '
Inqi Well,: but you have forgot, Ifaac.
Mart. No, niy Lord, I have nothing elfe to think of; and I do
think that thefe are very infignificant Articles to alledge againft me, if
ihey were as they fay; but they are falfej and I believe -they are fcanr
dalous People that have invented them.
Inq. Hold your Tongue ; how durft you fpeak fo ?
Mart. It is very well my Lord : Let your Secretary write down any
thing ; what you pleafe ; it is all falfe.
22 Acc. That living at Lisbon, I had feveral Difputes about Religion ;
jhat I hid myfelf for fear of being taken by the Inquifttion,- as being a Jew..
i.. Inq. Come anfwer,: What have you to fey to- this Article? ft i£ of
Confequence. Mart. My Lord, let your Secretary write down what you pleafe • L
have nothing to anfwer to fuch feandalous Reports. God knows, that
I am no Jew, and your Lordfhip knows it very well. The Devil has
invented this to frighten me; but God, that knows every thing, will:
revenge my Caufe.
Inq. WelL, but Ifaac, you fee what they write againft you-, and all:
your Family's Names are ancient, and ofthe Mofaical Law.
. Mart. My Lord, you have oftentimes reflected npon my Name be
ing Ifaac, and my Son's Name being Abraham; but you don't talk of.
a Child that I buried at Malaga, whofe Name was Peter, s and one that'
I.have, whofe -Name is Bernard; they are Saints- Namesv;
Inq. Thofe are all Chriftian Names. c
Mart. And fo are the others, my Lord: We don't mind whether we
give our Children Names out of the Old or New Teftament. Befides,
my Lord, neither Abraham, nor Ifaac, nor Jacob were Jews.
'Inq. Yes, they were Jews ¦: Bate yen are miftaken.
Mart. I beg your Lordfhip's Pardon, I am not miftaken. " " Inq:*

The Hiftory of the IN(^Ul?TTfO$: 469
Inq. What wefe they then? Let us hear?
Mart. My Lord, they were Hebrews ;.- they lived under the Law o£
Nature, as God infpired and fpoke to them,, but were dead many hun^
dred Years before God had given his Laws to Mofos.
Inq. Hold your Tongue : Methfoks you underftand Tomething of the
Mofaieal Laws.
Mart. My Lord, thank God, I underftand fome of the Old and"
feme of the New Law, but not fo much as. I fhould. We have always
the Old and the New Teftament iri our Families, and wereadtin them- to
inftruct us in our Religion.
Inq. Hold your Tongue ; you give a wrong Senfe to Scripture. Yourr
knowing fo much has brought you here. You had. better know lefs,
and believe the true Faith.
Mart. My Lord, I " hope to be fayed in what I' believe : And> if at
Lifion I was difputing; of Religion, it was not defending the Laws of"
Mofes : For feveral. jews were 'burnt whilft I was there. Therefore,
my Lord, it proves that the "Accufation is falfe,, and, that I would nofi.-
run fuch Hazards.
23 Acc. That I bred Schifrhs among the People, perfuading. them to
turn Hereticks, andto leave the-Church oiR'bme, out of whichno Man
can be faved.. _,v
Mart. I wifh your Lordfhip, or any Body, elfe, would" tell me whom
I perfuaded to change their Religion. You may accufe. me of any -
Thing : Hell can't invent greater Lies. I can't think, my Lord, who
could have fent fuch Accufations againft me. When I talked of Reli
gion, it was generally with Clergymen, and not with common People $
for I knew that they are not allowed to talk of Religion,, and they are-
not capable of it, and know but little of the Matter.
Inq. They know enough ; it is believing that fa ves us ; and you won't-
believe, but deny almoft every Article. Hold your Tongue.
24 Acc. That my Name being Ifaac t and my Son's Name Abraham,
I muft be a jew,, or related" to jews-.
Mart. My Lord, I have fufficiently anfwered upon this Matter; this
is nothing but Repetitions. The Roman Catholicks, which are iri Hol
land and Flanders, don't much mind' whether their Children have
Names out of the Old or New Teftament. And I know a Mam at
Malaga, who is a Flanderkin, and a Roman Catholick, whofe Name is
Jacob. As for my Parents, I never knew any of them Jews; let your
Secretary write what you pleafe. 2$ Acc,

470 The, Hiftory of tfc INQUISITION
25 Acc. That I had offered to difpofe of my Houfe, and to retire for
fear of being taken up by the Inquifition.
Mart. My Lord, it is true, that I offered to difpofe of my Houfe; but
not for Fear of the Inquifition ; for t never thought that they had any-Thing
to .do with r Englifh Proteftants. If I had been affraid of it, I would
riot have come to live in the Country! I had Opportunities enough, to
go aboard of Englip Ships, and retire, if I had been affraid.
Inq. What, then you thpught tbe Inquifition had nothing to do with
Englip Proteftants ? You' are miftaken.
' Mart. My Lord, I fee I am, to my Sorrow.
Inq. What did you defign to do, after that you had difpofed of your
Houfe ?
Mart. My Lord, to go to my own Country, for I was tir'd of living
abroad, efpecially at Malaga-, where I could have no reft, but was daily
ajfronted upon the Account of my Religion,
Inq. You have a Tongue, that, you 'made ufe of fo" defend yourfelf.
Mart. My Lord, I could not always bear their Infolences; but I find
they have accomplifhed their Defign.
Inq. Well, hold your Tongue, you may help your felf ftill, if yon will.
26 Acc. That you was* always making Game of the Religion ofthe
Church of Rome. A -
Inq. Well, what have you -to fay to that ? .
Mart. My Lord, I don't deny, that being in Company with fome1
Roman Catholicks, as they made Game of my Religion, I made Game
-of theirs; but it was joking, and not in a prophane Way.
Inq. Religion ought not. to be mocked.
Mart. It is very true, iny Lord; but I never feandaUzed . them, as
they did me, upon the Account of my Religion.
Inq. So, you fay, that when they made. Game of your Religion, you
made Game of theirs ; is not^ that what you fay ?
Mart. Yes, my Lord,
Inq. Well, hold your Tongue; you are, a fly Man, you give what
Turn you pleafe tp Things, and deny almoft -^very thing: You will
repent of this, if you don t tal^e care ; we have. Ways to make. People
confefs when they won't. Sign thefe Papers, which are the Articles you
have'confefs'd arid what you aejjy. But I won't believe, you.. I haye
heard of you along while ago, and know now that you are a cunning^-
pemicious Man againft the holy Catholick Faith,
Mart. "

¥hb ttiftdry bf the I N &U I S I T 1 6 tf. 47

1

Mart. My Lord, I find that all my. Defences fignify nothing. You
havfe oftentimes bid me c-.frnd my Caufe, and when I would have de
fended it, you have often., hid me hold, tivy Tongue, for you Wont be
lieve" \yhar. I fey. I have declared the Truth to the beft of my .Know
ledge; dd with rife what you pleafe: 1 hope God vyill, deliver me from
the Mifery I arii iri. He knows mat I have confefs'd the Truth, arid
your Lordfhip knows it very well too.
Inq. Hold your Tongue and fey no more. [In comes tbe Lawyer^,
aiid fits down. My Lord fpeaks^
Inq. "yYell, Signior Lawyer", I have examin'd this Heretick again ; he
anfwers much as he did. before; but denies almoft all the new Articleisi
I hope you writ to Malaga, that there might be ah exact Account ta*
ken of his LifeJand Converfation during the Time he lived there.
Law. Yes, my Lord, I did. ., ;
inq: He has 'beeri' broughf up in Herefy,. I believe, we ftiallmake no*
thing of him- He follows the Steps of Lutloer and A Galvin, who are
burning in Hell-Fire, witb abuqdance of their Followers.
Mart. I hope not, my Lord.
Inq. Hold' your Tongue, they are; and everybody thatdori't believe
in the holy Church of Rom.e~ ;Are not you forry for what you. have
faidj during' your living at Malaga I
Mart. My Lord, in what. I have faid amifs, ;I am forry for it-. Pray
t8H me, my Lord, if the People that b.ayq accufed me,, are all upon-
tbeif Oath.
Inq. Moft of therh are j they would nqt fay a Thing, that is not.
Mart.. My Lord, it is very weUV'Godvis juft,: ^ndhe will be everi:
withtherri^ , , i _...: . : ,
: Inq'. Well, hold your Tongue; ypy, beg Pardon of this Holy Tribu^
rial, for What you are guilty of, ,and defire: tb be ufed "with that Mercy
and Clemency, as is accuftomed in this Holy Office., Is not that what
you mean ?
Mart. Yes; my Lord,, what you pleafe;, . [He pake's his Heddrf-dn<P.
fays, I wifo that-may do fige^y oil gone to, ypy.r Dungeon.}.-^ A . , -•
Bfthat Time I 'hadbeen there four Months, I had had .fifteen An
dantes' : Some lafted half "an Hour, fome an Hour, and fome above two >
Hours, full of Repetitions. Sometimes he ufed .to fpeak-. very, fmoothly
to me'l and fometimes very roughly, threatening ofteritirries to punifh;
me; and always giving me to underftand, in a crafty jefuitical Way of.
forking, that if I would change my Religion, I might eafily get out of my,
^ Troubles*

4j% The Hiftory of tfe I NQUI SI Tip N.
Troubles. It made me very uneafy to fee whathe aim'd at ; hut, I thank
Cfod, it had no Effect upon me ; tho' I muft corifefs, that the Flefh be
ing weak, and he frightening me, fometimes I was in Sufpence, whe
ther I fhould change my Religipri or no; but I ftill prayed to God, to
give me Strength to overcome all my Troubles, and totgo through thofe
Pains wherewith I was threatened, without renouncing the Proteftant
Religion, which in his great Mercy he had enlightened me withal.
On Whitfun-Eve I was fhaved againft my Will; for you muft be fhav-
^d thred Times a Year, whether you will or no, but no oftener. Don
Fernando gave me a Piece of Frankincenfe to put in the Fire ;: bid me
clean my 'Dungeon, and drefs myfelf very clean, to receive a Vifit from
the Lords ofthe Inquifition,- who came a little while after. There were
two of them and a Secretary. The head Lord, who had examin'd me,
ipoke to me thus:
Inq. Well, Ifaac, how do you ? You look very. well in Health, Can
Irferve you in arty Thing, tell me? , "
, Mart. My Lord, lam, I thank' God; well in Health; but very
much troubled in Mind^ to be detain'd here fo long from my Family.
Your Lordfhip has done examining of me ; I beg you would difpatch
ine out of this Mifery that I am in.
Inq. I will do" you all the Service Lean; but you rniift dp what you
can to ferve yourfelf.
MartfiMy Lord, I don't know what to do; I would do any Thing,
fe> get out -of this ; Mifery; I am almoft in Defpair. Your Lordfhip told
me that I fhould have a Lawyer to defend my Caufe.
Inq. So you have had one, Ifaac, did you not fee him ?
Mart, My Lord, there was a Man that you called a Lawyerf; but he.
never fpoke to me, nor I to him. If all your Lawyers are fo quiet in
this Country, they are the quieteft; that are in the World ; for he hardly
faid any Things but Yea, and Nay, to what your Lordfhip faid.
Inq. Hold, Ifaac, the Lawyers are not allow'd to fpeak here. He
has writ to Malaga for you, and has done what fhould be done in your
Cafe. You don't underftand this Way of Juftice.
Mart. It is very true, I don't underftand it at all. [The Secretary,
.and the Goal-Keeper, were ford d to go out ofthe Dungeon to laugh; and
the two Lords finil'd to hear me talk as I did; and I fcarce knew how to
keep my Countenance, to think what a Lawyer I had to defend my Caufe
who was not allow'd to fpeak to me, nor I to him.] .'-;., Y, ..;--"- ... . Inq.
At. ', • „ -J.AJ .J :. -ii 1 ll -*.-•¦¦ . .. 2 ¦

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 473
Inq. Ifaac, you know what Day it is To-morrow. I would have you
think of enlightening yourfelf in the holy Faith ; this is a proper Time,
and I believe it would facilitate your getting your Liberty.
Mart. My Lord, if I had no Light of Divinity, or Religion, before
I came here, I could get none where I am ; for I am lock'd up without
feeing any Body to fpeak to, neither have I any Books to read to inftruct
me ; I hardly have Day-light, to eat what little Victuals are allow'd me,
2d Inq. If you will, you fliall have a Jefuit to enlighten you.
Mart. You may fend one if you pleafe, but I believe it will flgnify no
thing. ift Inq. No, it muft come from himfelf ; it fignifies nothing to fend
him any Body.
Mart. My Lord, I hope you allow that the holy Scriptures are perfect.
Inq. Yes, I do, Ifaac.
Mart. My Lord, I believe in them, and believe they are fufficient to
fave my Sdul.'
Inq. There are other Things that you muft believe, befides Scripture,
that are revealed to the holy Church.
Mart. My Lord, I have been brought here for defending my Religion;
if your Lordfhip would give me Leave to fpeak, I could, by Scripture,
prove to you, that it is fufficient to believe in it; but I durft not.
Inq. Well Ifaac, hold your Tongue ; it is no matter. You muft pray
to God, to enlighten you in the holy Faith.
Mart. Soldo, my Lord, and hope he will deliver me out of my Trou
bles. Inq. It is for your Good that we admonifh you. It is Time for you
to take Care of your Soul. It is a Pity, that fuch a Man as you have been
brought up in Herefy. We would have you confider upon it, for your
own Good, and it would be a great Help to get out of your Troubles.
Mart. I thank your Lordfhip for your Advice. I gave you, at firft,
a fhort Account of my Religion. I hope that God will fave me in the
Belief I am in. I beg your Lordfliip's Pardon, I cannot change.
2d Inq. You muft forget what you know, and believe what we fay;
and that is your only Way to get out of your Troubles.
Mart. I beg your Lordfliip's Pardon ; I am too old to forget what I
know. Inq. Well, think upon what we have faid to you, it is for your own
Good. Mart. Itis very well, my Lord.
No. 16. Ppp Inq.

474 The Hiftory of the I NQU I S I T I O N.
Inq. Farewel.
And fo the Door was fhut ; and I was as likely to get out as the firft
Day, which made me very uneafy in my Mind.
About a Fortnight after, Don Fernando and Don Baltazar, the two
Goal- Keepers, came and told me, that I muft remove, and go to another
Dungeon. I begg'd of them to let me remain where I was ; but it fignify'd
nothing ; for they told me, the Lords had given them Orders. When I came
to my new Dungeon, I thought myfelf better than before ; for I had rriore
Light, and could hear fome Dogs bark, and Cocks crow, which was a.
great Satisfaction to me, and I did not hear thofe bitter Groans and Cries
of Prifoners, as I us'd to do fometimes. What they did to them God knows,.
but I believe they gave them the Torrure ; for it is frequent in that holy
Place, as they call it. Women with fucking Children I could often hear
cry and lament. But I had not been there above three or four Days, hut
I wifhed my felf in my old Dungeon ; for I was fo tormented with Bugs,
that I could not fleep at Nights ; fo that I flept in the Day, as well as I
could. I complain'd to Don Fernando ; but he told me, he could not
help me, and that I muft have Patience. Some time after, Don Baltazar
came, and bid me empty a Bafon of the Prifoners, which I refus'd, and
we had high Words about it : But Don Fernando came, and told me,
that I muft do it; and that if the King was there, he fhould do it. I made
noRefiftance; for I found it was in vain, and that it was to plague me,
that they had moved my Dungeon. But I faid, I would make my Com
plaint to my Lords,, when I fhould fee them; but I was immediately fent
for, and my Lord reprimanded me, for refilling to do fuch a Thing at
the firft Bidding. I told bis Lordfhip, that I did not know he had given
fuch Orders, begg'd his Pardon, and faid if he pleas'd, I would empty
them for all the Prifoners. He faid there was no' Occafion for that, and
bid me begone : But emptying of Bafons did not laft long; for when I
had emptied my own,, I ufed to ask the Goal-keeper, whether he had no
Bafons for me to empty; who,, find ipg that I was' fo forward, would let
me empty no more.
Some time after, Don Fernando fpied a little Hole, that tbe Mice had
made in the Wall, and the Light came through. He went and acquain
ted my Lord with it, who Came in a great Paffion, call'd me all to naught,
and told me, that I had made that Hole, that I was a Rogue by Profef-
fron, and that I fhould pay for all my Doings.. I begg*d his Lordfhip's
Pardon, and told him, that he might call me. what he pleas'd ; and that he

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. 475-
he knew very well, that I could not make fuch a Hole ; for I had nothing
to make it with.
One Day I met Don Jofeph Equarez, the third Inquifitor, at the Turn
where they give their Allowance. He asked me how I did, as they always
do. I told him, that I was in Health, thank God; but was very much
furprized to be detained fo long in Prifon from my Family ; that the Law
of Chrift was a Law of Compaffion, and merciful, and that it was very
hard to be ferved as I was. 1 had no fooner fpoke thefe Words, but he fell
in a Rage ; bidding me hold my Tongue, and mind where I was, and
not talk of Religion ; and that if ever he heard me talk fo again, he knew
what,tf. do with me; that there was nothing practis'd, but the Religion
of Chrift and Mercifulnefs, in the Inquifition; and how durft I complain
againft it. I humbly begg'd his Pardon, telling him, that if I had faid
amifs, it was for Want of knowing better, and that I was forry for it.
I then went to my Dungeon, glad I got off fo ; for he was in a terrible
Paffion, and I was very much afraid of him.
I asked Don Fernando fome time after, what made him fall into fuch
a Paffion? He told me, that he had Reafon, and that I muft never con-
„ tradict them in what they fay, nor talk of Religion ; for they knew what
they did, and were infallible.
One Day, Don Fernando foftly unawares open'd the Door, and
found me in Tears, whieh happen'd very often at thofe Times, deploring
my hard Fate, and praying to God, to deliver me from thofe Enemies
of the Church I vyas brought up in, and fend me and my Family into my
native Country. He asked me, what was the Matter ? I told him, that
I had been a praying to God, to deliver me from the Mifery I was in.
He told me, I did not pray to the right God, pitied my Condition, and
went away.
After I had been there fix and twenty Weeks, Don Baltazar came to
me, and bid me drefs my felf quickly. I was no fooner ^out of my Dun
geon, but he tied a Handkerchief about my Eyes. I asked him, what
that was for ? He told me it muft be fo ; and as he was leading me along
by the Hand, I remember'd what the old Inquifitor had told me, that
there were Torments to make People confefs the Truth, and how often
he had threatened me, and thought it was now going to be put in Exe
cution, which terrified me very much; but I ftill trufted that God
would give me Strength, to withftand their Torments,
P p p 2 Coming

476 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
Coming to a Place where there are Gags, that they gag the Prifoners
with when they torture them, to prevent their making a Noife, I heard
a Voice that bid me flop and pull off my Clothes.
As I was a pulling them off, I heard another fay, keep your Coat and
Waiftcoat on, put down your Breeches, and pull out your Member;
which accordingly I did, and they took hold of it, and it was twice exa
mined by feveral Examiners; for I could hear feveral Voices, but could
fee no Body. They concluded I was not circumcifed ; bid me put my
Breeches up and be gone. Don Baltazar led me back to my Dungeon,
and glad I was to get off fo; for I confefs I was very much afraid of be
ing tortured, nor did I like fuch Audiences.
When I came to my Dungeon, I asked Don Baltazar, if that was
their Way of difpatching of People ; That they might, at my firft
coming, have feen whether I was circumcifed, without flaying fix and
twenty Weeks. He fell a laughing, told me my Cafe went on very
briskly, and fo fhut the Door.
About a Month after, one Sunday Morning Don Fernando told me,
that I muft get my felf ready ; for I muft go out of Goal, and return to
my Family. Perceiving that he fmil'd, I thought he jefted, and delir'd
him not to jeer me in my Afflictions ; but fpeaking ferioufly to me, he
told me that the Barber would come prefently, and that I muft appear
before the Lords, and a great many Gentlemen.
I can't exprefs the Joy I was in to hear fuch News. I fell a trem
bling and weeping for Joy, fo that for a while I could not put on my Clothes;
but recovering a little, I drefs'd my felf, and gave God hearty Thanks,
that it had pleafed him to hear my Prayers.
Some time after being fhav'd, they came for me ; but- made me go bare
headed. Don Baltazar bid me not be afraid ; for they would do me no
harm. I was. very joyful, and told him, I was afraid of nothing, fo I
could but get out of the Place where I was ; for had they given me my
Choice, to go to the Gallies, or to ftay in that difmal Solitude, I would
have chofen the Gallies, where I might have feen and fpoken with a Fel
low-Creature. When I came into the Audience Room, I found it full of People, drefs'd
in ceremonial Robes, fome with white Wands, and others with Halberts.
Two Men immediately feizd me, and made me kneel down before Don
Jofeph Equarez. At the fame Time, a Rope was put about my Neck,
which furprized me very much. Don Jofeph Equarez, as I was kneeling
down before him, fpoke thefe Words to me. Your

The Hiftory of the 1 N QU 1 S I T I O N. 477
Your Caufe has been feen and examined ; go along with thofe Gentle
men : You foon fhall be releafed.
They were about forty that led me thro' the Street?, and then to a
Church". They plac'd me at the great Altar, fronting the Pulpit, where
a Prieft or a Jefuit came with a great many Writings in his Hand, con^-
tabling my Accufations, which he read to the People ; but little or no
thing ofthe Defence I had made ; but that I denied almoft every Thing,
and that the holy Inquifition had done what fhe could, in admonifhing
me to embrace the holy Faith of the Churchof Rome, without which no-
Man can be faved; but I was fuch a pernicious Heretick, that I would'
not hearken to the Salvation of my Soul, and that the holy Tribunal had
found me a great Enemy to the holy Faith. Then he declares, That for
thefe Crimes of which he ftands conviBed, the Lords ofthe holy Office have
order'd him to be banifo'd out of our Chrifiian Dominions, upon- Pain of two
Hundred Lapes, and Five Tears Gallies, if ever he returns into any of our
Chriftian Parts ; and have given Orders, that he pall receive Two Hundred
Lapes, thro' the common Streets of this City.
After he had done reading to the People what he pleas'd, for there were
a great many Lies in what he read, I was remanded back to my Dun
geon. At Night, when Don Baltazar came to light my Lampjr I asked him,
whether I muft receive the two Hundred Lafhes that the Prieft had fpoke
ofr^ He told me, that the Lords were very merciful, andhebeliev'd that
I might efcape them, if I would change my Religion. I told him, that
fince I had endured fo much, their Lordfhips might do what they pleas'd,
I would not change. Then he told me, that I might change, and when
I was at Liberty, I might live in my own Religion.
The next Morning, about Ten of the Clock, I was brought down Stairs,
and as 1 was there, in came the Executioner with fome Ropes, and a Whip;
He bid me take off my Coat, Waiftcoat, Wig, and Cravat. A3 I was
taking off my Shirt, hs bid me let it alone ; he would manage that. He
flipp'd my Body thro' the Collar, and tied it about my Waift. Then took
a Rope and tied my Hands together, put another about my Neck, and
led me out of the Inquifition, where there were numerous Crouds of Peo^
pie, waiting to fee an Englip Heretick. I was no fooner out, but a Prieft
read my Sentence at the Door, as followeth.
Orders are given, from the Lords of the h&ly Office oi the Inquifition;
to give xmto-Ifaac- Martin Two Hundred Lafhes, thro' the publick Streets r
He being of the Religion ofthe Church oi England, a Proteftant, a He
retick.

478 The Hiftory ^/^INQUISITION.
retick, irreverend to the Hoft, and to the Image of the Virgin Mary,
and fo let it be executed.
Knowing what was to be done to me, I was- not fo frightened as when
they blind-folded me. The Sentence being read, the Executioner mounted
me upon an Afs, and led me in the Streets ; the People huzzaing, and
crying out., An Englip Heretick! L,°°k at the Englip Heretick, who is no
Chriftian I and pelting me. The Cryer of the City walked before me,
repeating aloud the Sentence that was read at the Door Of the Inquifition,
the Executioner whipping me as I went along, and, a great many People
on Horfeback, in ceremonial Robes, with white Wajids and Halberts,
following of us. ,
As we paffed along by the Market-Pkce, the People's pelting incom
moded me very much. I thought I fhould, be knock'd off the Afs. I
ipoke aloud, and ask'd them, what Country I was in ? They cry'd out,
A Chriftian Country, - To which I replied^ Thpfe Ways are practls'd in
Barbary, and not amongft Chriftians. I am a Chriftian as well as you
are; if I have deferved to be chaftifed, I am in the Juftice's Hands; let
him do it, and not you.
A great many People of the better Sort faid, that I was in the right,
and the pelting ceas'd in a great Meafure ; and a great many would hin
der others from throwing at me, and bid me havePatience. Ithartk'd them
very kindly, and told them, Thank God I have Patience. They were
furprifed to hear me talk Spanip, and pitied me very much. I fhall ever
thank God for giving me fo much Patience as I had ; for I was not at all
concerrt'd, fo great was my Joy, to find that God had gracioufly deliver'd
jme out of their barbarous and cruel Hands.
The Show being over, which lafted about three Quarters of an Hour,
I was brought back to the Inquifition. Don Fernando received me, and
feemed to pity my Condition. I asked him, if that was the Mercy they
practis'd there; and told him, that I was very well fatisfied, and that for
the Sake of my Religion I was ready to receive a Thoufand Lafhes.
My Cloaths being put on, I mounted up Stairs, and he lock'd me up in
my Dungeon, where I gave God Thanks, that he had given me Strength
to go through fo many fevere Trials ; and prayed that he would vouchfafe
to deliver me from my Enemies, and feifefme to my native Country.
Some time after, Don Baltazar opened the clofe Door, and asked me,
how I did ? I told him that I was pretty well ; but defir'd him to fpeak
to the Lords, to let me have a Surgeon to bleed me ; for the Weather be
ing pretty hot, I was afraid that my Back would putrify, being very much
fwell'd

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 479
fwell'd and bruis'd; for they did not whip me with a Cat of Nine Tails,
but with a Scourge made of leather Thongs, three Fingers broad, and a-
bout the Thicknefs of the Sole of a Shoe, which draws no Blood, but
bruifes, and makes your Back fwell very much. Don Baltazar told me,
that he would do what he could to ferve me. At Night he came, and
told me, that the Lords would allow no Surgeons to bleed me. Then
I defired him: to get me fome Brandy to wafh my Back, which he accord
ingly did.
For feveral Nights, I could not lie upon my Back, for the Pain that I
endured, my Body being very much bruifed, by the pelting of the People.
But my greateft Pain was, that they did not banifh me out of their
Country, but ftill detained me.
A Fortnight after, Don Fernando bid me get my Things ready, that
fhe Carrier would come for me, and that I muft- appear before the
Lords, before I went. I quickly was ready, and felt no Pain, hearing
thofe Words. Some Hours after he came for me, and when I came be
fore the Lords, they fpoke to me thus :
Inq. Well; Ifaac, how do you do ?
Mart. My Lord, I am very well, thank God, confidering what has,
pafs'd, which your Lordfhip knows.
Inq. It is your Tongue that is the Occafion ; you might avoid.it if you
would. *
Mart. My Lord, I am very well fatisfied to have fuffer'd what I have.
I came here with a great deal of Sorrow; but I go with a great deal of
J°y- Inq. Have you heard any Prifoners talk one to another, fince you have
been here, in the Night, dr at any other Time ?
Mart. No, my Lord, but there is an old Man in the next Dungeon1.
to me, that fpeaks, and talks to himfelf in the Night, and. fings fometimes ;,
but I believe he has loft his Senfes.
Inq. That old Man fignifies nothing. You are going to Malaga,,
where you fhall remain in a Goal, till you can geta-board of an Heretick
Ship; and you are never to return into thefe Chriftian Kingdoms. Do
you remember "What was read at Church, the other Day ?
Mart. My Lord, I remember it very well ; and if your Lordfhip had.
not banifhed me, I fhould not have lived in a Country where I had been-
fo us'd. I am very well fatisfied my Lord.
Tnq.You muft before you go, take an Oath, that you fhall keep the Se
cret, and net reveal "to any Body what has happened to you in your Cafe, nor

,4&o Tte Hiftory of the I N<2U I S I T I O N.
nor what you have feen or heard, during the Time you have been here,
.and take Care what you fay, that we hear nothing of it.
Mart. My Lord, it is very well, I will take care. [I took my Gath.]
Inq. What Money you have brought here fhall be return'd to you, and
when youcome to Malaga, your Effects fhall be returned to you. .
I thank'd his Lordfhip very kindly; and fo, Thanks be to God, we
parted. When I came down Stairs, into an Office, a Prieft gave me the Money
my Friend had given me, and begun to tell me,- that it was a Pity fuch a
Man as I was blind, and led away in Herefy ; that I was certainly damn'd,
without .Remiffion, if Iremain'd as I was; and fo he run on. When I
"had got my Money, I made him a fh'ort Compliment ; told him, that I
Was not blind, and that I was a-Chriftian as well as he ; but did not damn
rany Body; that I was forbid to talk about Religion, or elfe I would give
him an" Anfwer: So I made him a low Bow, and went away with the
Carrier, with a. great Deal of Joy.
Three Days after we arrived at Malaga, where I was put in a common
Goal, amongft the Malefactors, with a Pair of Fetters on. The Secre
tary of the Inquifition, who was a Prieft, came to fee me, and ask'd me
Saow I did? To which I replied, Lwas well; but thought it very hard
to be ufed as I had been, and then to be put amongft the Malefactors. I
defir' <fflnm to let me fpeak with the Commiflioner that hadtaken me up;
but he ftop'd my Mouth prefently, telling me, that I could not fpeak with
the Commiflioner, that the holy Inquifition had been very merciful to me,
-and that if he heard any Complaints, I fhould be fent back again. I hum
bly begg'd his Pardon, and defir'd him to let me go aboard of fome Eng
lifh Ship, that I might be gone out ofthe Country.
To which he anfwered, To be fure you muft go. You are not a fit
Man to live in this Chriftian Kingdom, I will difpatch you as foo» as
poffible ; and fo went away.
My Wife, whom I had not heard of fince I was taken up, came to fee
me. I defir'd her to go to fome French Merchants, who were my Friends,
and had great Intereft with the Clergy, to fpeak in my Behalf, that I might
go aboard of fome Ship ; which accordingly they did ; fo that the Secretary
came, and bid us pay what was owing to the Goal Keeper, and then con
ducted me to the Water-Side, foibidding me, upon Pain of going back to
the Inquifition, to fet my Foot on Shore, or enter aboard any Ship, unlefs
an Heretick one ; for I was a dangerous Man in the holy Faith, and that
he would have Spies to look over me. I made him a Compliment, and
told

The Hiftory of the I NQU I S I T I O N. 48 1
told him, I would obferve what he faid, and defired him to return my
Effects to my Wife. He told me, he would fee what could be done.
I went aboard of an Englifio Ship, but had not been there above five
or fix Hours, but the Rupture happened between England and Spain, and
the Ship that I was in, was taken, with many others that were there at
Anchor, waiting for the Vintage, upon the Account of the Fleet under
the Command of Sir George Bing, who deftroy'd the Spanip Fleet near
Sicily. I was carried with the Ship's Company, almoft naked, to the
Shore into a Prifon, where I was put into the Stocks all that Day. One
of the Mates of the Ship, who had received a Wound on Board, by one
of the Spaniards, was carried to the Hofpital, where he died of his
Wounds. The fame Secretary ofthe Inquifition, who had taken me out of Goal,
and fent me on Board, came to fee me. He told me not to trouble myfelf,
nor to be afraid ; that I fhould not remain as Prifoner of War ; that my
Cafe was independent of what had* happened between the two Crowns;
that I fhould not ftay in Spain upon any Account ; that I was banifh'd
by the Inquifition, which is above the King, and was not a fit Perfon to
live in a Chriftian Country. He fpoke to the Prifoners, that were Ro
man Catholicks, forbidding them to have any Converfation with me; for
I was a flrong Heretick, and a dangerous Man. I was very glad to hear
him talk as he did ; for before, I was very much afraid I fhoujd-be fent
back to Granada, or on board fome of their Galleys. ' I told him, there
were fome Hamburgh Ships in the Road ; and that if he pleafed, I would
go on board one of them. He told me, that he would foon difpatch me,
and accordingly he came two Days after, making a fad Complaint, that
the Englifij were very bad People to ufe their Fleet as they had done.
Then he led me to the Water-fide, forbidding me, as before, to go on
board of any Ship, but a Heretic one ; which accordingly I obferved,
and was very glad to get off fo.
The Ship I went abroad of, was a Hamburgher, where I ftay'd about
fix Weeks in the Road; expecting that the Clergy would return my Ef
fects to my Wife. But they ftill put her off, and at laft began to threa
ten her ; telling her, that I came off very well, and that the Inquifition
had been very merciful to me, and bid her not be fo troublefome. I ask
ed Advice of my Friends, that ufed to come on board to fee me ; and
though they were Roman Catholics, they faid very fevere things againft
the Inquifition, and told me as Friends, that I might thank God, I was
fo well deliver 'd from their Hands : That in the fame Inquifition they
Qai q burnt

48x The Hiftory of the INQUISITION.
burnt a French Proteftant alive, who would not change his Religion :
And I have fince feen and fpoke with a Man, who was at Granada at
that fame Time, and faw him executed.
My Friends advifed me not to let my Wife ask the Clergy for any
Thing, for Fear of fome other Misfortune. As they had threaten'd to
take away one of my Children, which my Wife was forced to fend to
England whilft I was in the Inquiftion, I defired her to come on Board
with the reft, for Fear of the worft. They did return fome fmall Mat
ter, and fo we came away. And they gave out, that they returned us
every Thing.
Whilft I was in the Inquifition, the Clergy was very bufy about my
Family, to make them change their Religion. They fent from the
Church for my Children, and finding that my Wife had fent one of
them to England, they gave her a fevere Check, asking he^ how fhe
durft fend one of her Children away without their Knowledge ? and told
her, that I had changed, or would change my Religion ; which was
all the Talk at that Time at Malaga, as well among the Proteftants as
Roman Catholicks. They told my Wife, that if fhe would change her
Religion, fhe fhould have the Effects returned to her, and I fhould be fet
at Liberty : But fhe, remembring what I had oftentimes told her, that
I would fuffer Death before I would change, defired them to excufe
her, and that when fhe fhould fee me, fhe would refolve them ; but not
before. Then they attacked the Children, and they faid, they would
do as their Mother did.
Some Time before I got out, there was a great Noife fpread, that my
Picture was to be burnt upon the Market-place at Malaga, and that my
Body was alfo to be burnt at Granada ; which frightened my Wife very
much. But fome good People affined her of the contrary, and told her
what would happen to me, and that fhe fhould fee me in a few Days,
which happened accordingly, after I had been eight Months in their
Hands. God grant that thefe happy Kingdoms may never feel the dif
mal Effects of Popifh Government, and arbitrary Power.
Several worthy Biihops and Clergymen having advifed me to publifh
this Narrative, the Experience I have had of their Charity and Libera
lity, obliged me to follow their Advice. And as I am illiterate, I hope
the Reader will have the Goodnefs to excufe the Faults, as to the Me
thod and Style, and to accept the following Certificates, for a Conclufion.
The Gentlemen who gave me the firft Certificate, were moft of them
upon the Spot when my Misfortune happened to me. But the Reader will

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 483
will excufe me, if, according to their Defire, I avoid putting their
Names in Print ; which might probably involve them, if they fhould re
main there, in as toublefome an Affair as I have already had with the
Inquifition.
WE the under-written, certify by thefe Prefents, To all whom it
_ pall, or may concern, That Mr. Ifaac Martin has lived amongft
us during the Space of Four Tears in the Britifh FaBory of Malaga, in the
Kingdom of Andaloufia in Spain ; during which Time, he and Family
have lived in good Repute and Credit, as a true Britifh SubjeB, well-af-
feBed to the Proteftant Religion, his King, and Country ; having, to our
Knowledge, defended the fame at divers Times, when attacked, againfi the
Spanifh and Irifh Priefis and Inhabitants that dwell there, which are
very pernicious and dijaffeBed People, againfi this prefent happy Govern
ment, which caufed them all to ruin the faid Mr. Ifaac Martin, by having
him taken up, and put into the Inquifition ; which they effeBed, by break
ing down the Door, at Nine ofthe Clock at Night, being about Fifteen or
Sixteen Priefis and Familiars in Arms, who feized him, and turned his
Wife and Children out of Doors, plundered and ranfack'd his Houfe of e~
very Thing, put two Pair of Fetters on him, mounted him upon a Mule,
and jo fient him to Granada in the Inquifition, where he remained Eight
Months in a Dungeon, and fuffered very much, until it pleafed God to
bring him out, at the Infiances of his moft gracious Majefty King George.
The Truth of which is hereby attefied and figned at London, the 2 ift
Day of January, in the Tear of our LORD, 1719-20.
BEING afjured, by the Right Honourable Mr. Secretary Craggs,
that Mr. Ifaac Martin was put into the Inquifition in Spain, where
be fuffered great Cruelties, and was fit at Liberty, by the King's Inter-
pofition ; and having feen a Certificate, figned by feveral other Perfons of
good Credit, affefting the Loffes he thereby fufiained, upon the Account of
his Religion : We do think him a great ObjeB of Charity, and as fuch re
commend him to the Compaffion of thofe to whom he may appl , for Relief.
W. Cant. Jo. Wigorn. J. Afaph.
W. Ebor. C. Norwich. Edm. Lincoln.
Joh. London. W. Sarum. Hu. Briftol.
Jonat. Wincheft. Tho. Ciceftrenfis. Benj. Bangor.
W. Ely. Fr. Roffen. Joh. Peterbor.
Q^q q 2 RELA-

484 The Hiftory ofthe I N.QCM S I T I O N-
RELATION XL
The Execution of. a general AB of Faith at Madrid, fin r6"8c ; extraBed:
from a Pamphlet publiped there the fame Year. :.fi<;.-

"'HE general Acts of the Inquifition, which in, all other Countries-
are confidered only as a mere Execution of Criminals, are, in the
Places where it is eftablifhed, looked upon as a religious Ceremony, in.
which they pretend the moft illuftrious and public Proofs of a religious
Zeal are given ; and are therefore call'd ABs of Faith. Thefe are ge
nerally exhibited in Spain at the Acceffion of their Monarchs to the
Throne, at their Coming to Age, upon their Marriage, at the Birth of a
Succeffor to the Crown, in order to give" them a more folemn Air. The.
laft was folemnized the Year his Catholic Majefty Charles II. was married,.
before which there had not been one ever fince 1632, -y/s. in the Begin
ning of the Reign of Philip IV. ¦>} -,
¦ But as there are always Perfons condemned from Timeto Time, we.
thence may judge how many Years thefe unhappy Wretches foend in the.
moft miferable Manner before their Execution. And as the Ceremonies-
practifed on thefe Occafions are pretty near the fame in all Places, I fhall.'
therefore relate only thofe of the laft Act or general Execution of the In
quifition, the Year that Charles II. of Spain was married-
A Month before the general Execution, the Officers of the Inquifition,
preceded by their Standard, rode with great Soleninity from' the Palace of
the Holy Office to the open Square, where, in the Prefence of a num. '
beliefs Multitude of People therein affembled, they proclaimed, by Sound"
of Trumpets and Kettle- Drums, that on that Day Month an Act- of
Faith, or general Execution of the Inquifition, Would be exhibited.
As there had not been one for fifty Years before, great Preparations
were made to make thefe Ceremonies as folemn and magnificent as.,
poffible. A Scaffold fifty Foot in length was erected in the large Square at
Madrid, which was raifed to the fame Height with the Balcony made
for the King to fit in. At the End, and along the whole Breadth of
this Scaffold, at the Right of the King's Balcony, an Amphitheatre was
raifed, to which they afcended by twenty five or thirty Steps; and this
was appointed for the Council of the Inquifition, and the other Councils
of Spain. Above thefe Steps, and under a Canopy, the Great Inquifitors
Roftrum was placed, that he was raifed much higher than the King's
Balcony.

The Hiftory ofthe I N QU I S I T I O N. 48 s
Balcony. At the Left of the Scaffold and the Balcony, a fecond Amphi
theatre was raifed of the fame Extent with the former, for the Criminals
to ftand in.
In the midft of the great Scaffold,, another very fmall one was built,.
in the Shape of a long Square, which fupported two little Places made
like Cages, and open at Top, wherein the Prifoners were to be placed
while Sentence was pronounced upon them..
Three Pulpits were alfo erected on the great Scaffold, two whereof
were for the Relaters, or thofe who read the Sentence, and the third for
a Preacher ; and, laflly,,. an Altar was raifed. not far from the Amphi
theatre, where the feveral Councils fat-
The Seats on which their Catholic Majefties fat, were ranged in fuch
a Manner, that the Queen was at the King's Left-Hand, and at the.
Right of die Queen-Mother.. The reft of the whole length of the Bal
cony on each Side, was fill'd with the Ladies of Honour of both the
Queens. Balconies were likewife erected for the Ambaffadors^the Lords
and Ladies of the Court, and Scaffolds for the People.
A Month after Proclamation had been made of the Act of Faith, the
Ceremony opened with a Proceffion,. which proceeded from St. Mary's -
Church in the following Order. The March was preceded by an hun
dred Coal- Merchants, all armed with Pikes and Muskets ; thefe People
furnifhing the Wood with which the Criminals are burnt. They were
followd by Dominicans,, before whom a white Crofs was carried. Then
came the Duke, of Medina-Geli, carrying the Standard of the Inquifition,
a' Privilege hereditary in his Family. The Standard is of red Damask,
on one Side of which is reprefented a drawn Sword in a Crown of Lau
rels, and the Arms of Spain on the other.
Afterwards was brought forward a green Crofs covered with black Crape,
which was followed by feveral Grandees and other Perfons of Quality,
Familiars of the Inquifition, wich Clokes powdered with white and black
Croffes, edged with Gold Wire. The March was clofed by fifty Hal-
bardiers, or Guards belonging to the Inquifition, clothed with black and.
white Garments, and commanded by the Marquis of Pouar, . hereditary
Protector of the Inquifition in the Kingdom oi. Toledo.
The Proceffion having marched in this Order before the Palace, pro
ceeded afterwards to the Squa-ey when the Standard and the green Crofs
were placed on the Scaffold, where none but the Dominicans flayed, the
reft being retired.. Thefe Friai- fpent part of the Night in flnging of
Pfalms, .

48 6 The Hiftory */ the IN QU I S I T I O N.
Pfalms, and feveral Maffes were celebrated on the Altar from Day-break
to Six in the Morning.
An Hour after, the King and Queen of Spain, the Queen-Mother,
and all the Ladies, appear'd in the Balconies.
At Eight a-Clock the Proceflion began, in like Manner as the Day
before, with the Company of Coal-Merchants, who place themfelves
on the Left of the King's Balcony, his Guards ftanding on his Right.
Afterwards came thirty Men carrying Images made of Pafte-board, as
big as the Life. Some of thefe reprefented thofe who were dead in Pri
fon, whofe Bones were alfo brought in Trunks, with Flames painted
round them ; and the reft of the Figures reprefented thofe, who having
efeaped out of the Hands of the Inquifition, were outlawed. Thefe Fi
gures were placed at one End of the Amphitheatre.
After thefe came twelve Men and Women with Ropes about their
Necks, and Torches in their Hands, with Caracas, or Pafte-board Caps,
three Foot high, on which their Crimes were either written or reprefented
in different Manners.
Thefe were followed by fifty others, having Torches alfo in their
Hands, and clothed with a yellow San-benito, or Great-Coat without
Sleeves, with a large St. Andrew's Crofs, of a red Colour, before and be
hind. Thefe were Jews, who, (this being the firft Time of their Im
prifonment) had repented of their Crimes ; thefe are ufually condemned
either to fome Years Imprifonment, or to wear the San-benito ; each
Criminal of the two Orders were led by two Familiars of the Inquifition.
Next came twenty Jews oi both Sexes, who had relapfed thrice into
their former Errors, and were condemned to the Flames. Thofe who
had given fome Tokens of Repentance, were to be ftrangled before they
were burnt, according to the ufual Practice ; but the reft, for having
perfifted obftinately in their Errors, were to be burnt alive. Thefe wore
Linen San-benito's, having Devils and Flames painted on them, and
Caps after the fame Manner : Five or fix among them, who were more
obftinate than the reft, were gagged, to prevent their uttering any blafphe-
mous Tenets.
Such as were condemned to die, were furrounded, befides the two Fa
miliars, with four or five Monks of different Orders, who were preparing
them for Death qs they went along.
Thefe Criminals paffed in the Order above-mentioned, under the King
of Spain's Balcony ; and after having walked round the Scaffold, were
placed

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 487
placed in the Amphitheatre that ftood to the Left, and each of them
fuirounded with the Familiars and Monks who had attended upon them.
Some of the Grandees who were Familiars, feated themfelves on two
Benches, which had been prepared for them at the loweft Part of the
other Amphitheatre.
The Clergy of St. Martins Parifh coming forwards, placed themfelves
near the Altar ; the Officers of the fupreme Councils of the Inquifition,
the Inquifitors, the Qualificators, the Officers of all the other Councils',
and feveral other Perfons of Diftinction both Secular and Regular, all of
them on Horfe-back, with great Solemnity arrived afterwards, and placed
themfelves on the Amphitheatre towards the Right-Hand, on both Sides
the Roftrum, in which the Grand Inquifitor was to feat himfelf. He
himfelf came laft of all, in a purple Habit, accompanied by the Prefi
dent of the Council of Caftile ; when being feated in his Place, the Pre
fident withdrew.
Then they began to celebrate Mafs, in the midft of which the Prieft
who officiated went down from the Altar, and feated himfelf in a Chair
which had been placed for him. The Grand Inquifitor came down
from his Seat, and having put on his Cope, and fet the Mitre on his
Head, after having faluted the Altar, he advanced towards the King's
Balcony : He there went up the Steps that ftood at the End of the Am
phitheatre, together with certain Officers of the Inquifition, who carried
thither their Crofs, the Gofpels, and a Book containing the Oath by
which the Kings oi Spain oblige themfelves to protect the Catholic Faith>
to extirpate Herefies, and to fupport all the Profecutions of the Inquifi
tion to the utmoft of their Power.
The King of Spain, ftanding up, and bareheaded, having on one Side
of him a Grandee oi Spain holding the Royal Sword with the Point up
ward, fwore to obferve the Oath ; which a Counfellor of the Royal
Council, and that of the Inquifition, had juft before read. He continued
in this Pofture till fiich Time as the Grand Inquifitor was returned back
to bis Seat, where he took off his Pontifical Veftments.
Then one of the Secretaries of the Inquifition afcended a Pulpit ap
pointed for that Purpofe, and read an Oath in the fame Tenor, which he
adminiftred to the feveral Councils, and the whole Affembly; after which
a Dominican went up into the fame Pulpit, and preached a Sermon fluffed
*vith Praifes of the Inquifition.
About Twelve a-Clock they began to read the Sentences of the con
demned Criminals. That of the Criminals who died in Prifon, or were
outlawed,.

488 The Hiftory ofthe I NQU I S I T I O N.
outlawed, was firft read. Their Figures in Pafteboard were carried up
on the little Scaffold, and put into the Cages. Then they went on to
read the Sentence to each Criminal, who thereupon were put into the
faid Cages one by one, in order for all Men tb know them.
Of thefe twenty Perfons who had been condemned to the Flames, fix
Men and two Women could never be prevailed with' to confefs, or- re
pent of their Errors. A young Woman was remanded back to Prifon,
becaufe fhe had always made the utmoft Proteftations of her Innocence,
and that they thought proper to re-examine her Profecution.
Laflly, they read the Sentences which had been pronounced againft
thofe who were convicted of Bigamy, of Witchcraft, of having profaned
holy Things, and of feveral other Crimes ; as likewife againft the pe
nitent Jews : All which lafted till Nine at Night.
After this they finifhed the Celebration of the Mafs, and the Grand
Inquifitor, clothed in his Pontifical Veftments, pronounced a folemn
Abfolution to all who fhould repent. Then the King being withdrawn,
the Criminals who had been condemned to be burnt, were delivered over
to the fecular Arm, and being mounted upon Affes were carried in this
Manner through the Gate called Foncaral. At three hundred Paces
Diftance from it, they were executed after Midnight : Thofe who per
fifted obftinately in their Errors were burnt alive ; but fuch as repented
were ftrangled before they were thrown into the Fire. Thofe who
had been fentenced to be whipt, being alfo mounted on Affes, were the
next Day carried up and down the Streets, and were whipt thro' all the
chief Streets and Places of public Refort.
Befides thefe general Executions of the Inquifition, there are feveral
other private ones yearly about the End of Lent. The Inquifitors on
thefe Occafions are accompanied by the Magiftrates, the Officers of
Juftice, and thofe of the King; by the Governor, the Nobility, the Bi
fhop, and the whole Body of the Clergy both fecular and regular ; and
the whole is performed almoft with the fame Ceremonies.

RELA-

The Hiftory of the I NQU I S I T I O N. 489
RELATION XII.
Some Account of the Inquifition at Goa, and the Sufferings of M. Dellon„
; extraBed from the Writings of that Author.
THERE are four Inquifitions in the whole Extent of the Por
tuguefe Dominions, viz. In Portugal thofe of Lisbon, Coimbra,
and Evora; and that of Goa, in the Eaft-Indies. Thefe Tribunals are
all fovereign, and have no Appeal from them. The Jurifdiction of that
at Goa, extends over the feveral Countries poffeffed by the King of Por
tugal, on the other Side the Cape of Good-Hope. Befides thefe four Tri
bunals, there is alfo the great Council of the Inquifition, in which the
Inquifitor-General prefides. This Tribunal is the principal, and it is
made acquainted with whatever is done in all other Places. Befides the
Honour, the unbounded Authority, and the Salaries annexed to the Inqui
fitors, there are alfo two Circumftances that are vaftly beneficial to them.
The firft is, whenever they expofe the Effects of any Prifoner to Sale
by Auction, if there is any precious Jewel, or any fuch Thing among
them, which they are defirous of, they have no more to do but to fend
one of their Servants to bid, and no-body will prefume to out-bid them ;
by which means they often purchafe very valuable Things for a Trifle.
The fecond Method by which they make a great Advantage is, that as
die Sums arifing from the Confifcations are put into the King's Treafu
ry, they are impower'd to draw a Warrant upon it for whatfoever Sums,
and at what Time foever they pleafe, to defray the Expences and pri
vate Exigencies of the Inquifition. This Money is paid at fight, nor
does any Perfon prefume to enquire what thofe private Exigencies are,
by which means they get the greateft Part of the Monies arifing from
Confifcations. The King nominates all the Inquifitors, who are confirmed by the
Pope, and from him they receive all their Bulls. The Inquifitor of Goa
only affumes the Privilege of being carried in a Chair, and he is much
more refoected than either the Archbifhop or the Viceroy. He has Ju
rifdiction over all Perfons, both Ecclefiaftical and Secular, the Archbi
fhop, his great Vicar who is commonly a Bifhop, the Viceroy, and the
Governor when the Viceroy is dead, excepted. But he has the Power
of arreftiagany of thefe, after having firft given Notice thereof to the
Court of Portugal, and received fecret Orders for that Purpofe from the
R r r fupreme

490 The Hiftory of the . I N QU I S I T I O N.
fupreme Council oi Lisbon, called ConfelhoSupremo. This fovereignTribunal
meets every Fortnight except upon extraordinary Occafions, when they
meet oftner ; whereas the ordinary Councils meet twice every Day, viz.
from Eight in the Morning till Eleven, and from Two till Four; fome
times later in the Afternoon., efpecially when the Acts of Faith draw
near; for on thofe Occafions the Audience is frequently continued .till
after Ten at Night.
When Caufes are tried, befides the Deput ache's who affift\' the Archbi-
fliops or Biihops of the feveral Places where the Inquifition is eftablifh-
ed, have the Privilege of being prefent in them, and to prefide in all
the Sentences pronounced againft them.
The Prifon of the Inquifttiori at Goa, is a moft dark, dirty, ftinking,
dreadful Place, and it's impoflible for Imagination to form a worfe : 'Tis
called Aljouvar by the Portuguefe, and is a kind of Cellar, at which the
Light enters only by a fmall Hole, into which the Sun-beams never en
ter. Itcafts a dreadful Stench; nor have the Prifoners any other Place
to eafe Nature in, than a great Hole like a Well, level with the Ground,
and in the Midft ofthe Cavern ; whence it is, that Part pf trie Filth lies
round the Hole ; for which Reafon moft of the Priforiers eafe themfelves
in different Parts of the Cavern.
The Prifoners eat the Food of the Country. The Blacks are fed: with
Cange, or Rice-water, Rice, and a little fry'd Fifh ; and the Whites
have the fame Food, except that they are allowed fome Fruit,, and a.
little Meat every Thurfday and Sunday for their Dinners, but not a
Morfel at Supper, not even on Eafier- Sunday. This Regimen is obferv
ed both for Thriftinefs, and to mortify the Prifoners, who are faid to
have incurred the greater Excommunication; as alfo to prevent what
the Indians call Mordechi, or an. Indigeftion that is but too frequent,, and
of the moft dangerous Confequence in thofe fultry Climates, and particu
larly fince the Prifoners lead fuch. fedentary Lives."
This Diftemper generally begins by a violent Fever,, which is- attends
ed with Shiverings, and Purgings upwards, which are foon followed by
the Death of the Patient, in cafe a Remedy is not fpeedily apply'd..
There is one which is ufually employ'd by the Indians on thefe Occa
fions, becaufe daily Experience proves it to be a Specific, and if omit
ted is of the moft dangerous Confequence.
Their Remedy is the applying a Piece of Iron red-hot to the Patient's
Foot, at the moft callous Part of the Heel. A Spit or Bar is made
ufe of for this Purpofe, which is apply'd crofs-wife, and held to the
Part

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 49 1
Part above-mentionedf ill fuch Time as the Violence of the Burning forces
the Patient to cry out. However, this does not put him to much Pain,
nor prevent his walking about immediately after with the fame Eafe as
before, unlefs he has fome other Hurt. This Remedy, provided it be
taken in Time, is generally infallible ; and a Man, who in cafe had it
not been applied, would have run the Hazard of his Life, is often in-
ftantaneoufly cured by this Ample Remedy. We are to obferve, that
bleeding is of very dangerous Confequence in thefe Diftempers ; and that
a Phyfician upon his firft coming to the Indies, muft take great care
riot to miftake on thefe Occafions, fince it might be ofthe moft perni
cious Confequence.
Sometimes Phyficians and Surgeons vifit the Sick ; but though a Pri
foner be never fo fick, neither the Viaticum or extreme Unction are
adminiftered to him, nor does he ever hear a Sermon or Mafs.
Such as die in Prifon are buried in it without the leaft Ceremony ;
and in cafe they are judged by the Inquifitors to have merited Death,
their Bones are burnt in the next Goal-delivery or Act of Faith.
As 'tis very fultry in the Indies, and the Inquifitors don't allow the
Prifoners to have Beds, they never have Fire, Candle, or any Light but
that ofthe Sun. With regard to Beds, there are two Bedfteads in each
Cell ; becaufe they are fometimes forced to confine two Prifoners in the
fame Dungeon. Befides the Mat which is allowed to every one, the
Europeans, and Perfons of fome Diftinction, have a Counterpain, which
being doubled, ferves them inftead of a Matfrafs ; but feldom have Co
verlets, becaufe of the violent Heat of the Indian Climate, unlefs it be
to guard againft a Kind of Gnats, whereof there are vaft Quantities in
thefe Countries, and which are inexpreflibly troublefome.
The Jews having been driven out of Spain by Ferdinand King of
Arragon, and Ijabelld Queen of Caftile, Hed to Portugal, where they
were protected, upon Condition they would turn Chriftians. This they
did, at leaft in outward Appearance ; and as their very Name is odi
ous in all Places, the Chriftian Families have been diftinguifhed from
the converted Jewip ever fince that Time ; infomuch that the People
now call thofe who are defeended from thefe in any Degree foever Chri-
fliams novos, or new Chriftians: And becaufe that in Procefs of Time';
fome of thefe converted Jews married with antient Chriftians, their
Pofterity are every Day reproached with being partly new Chriftians,
which in the Portuguefe Language is tern parte de Chrifiiam novo. In
this Mariner thefe unhappy Wretches, though their Grandfathers and Fa
thers

49 1 The Hiftory ofthe IN QU 1 S 1 T I O NI"
thers were Chriftians, have not yet been able to get themfelves admitted
among thofe who are called Chrifiiam velhos, or old Chriftians. And as
the Families, which are thus defeended directly or ,partly from thofe
Jews, are diftinctly known in Portugal, and are detefted and hated by
the reft, they are therefore obliged to unite themfelves more ftrongly in
Friendfhip, in order to do reciprocal Services, which they cannot expect
from old Chriftians ; and 'tis this ftrict Union that increafes the Hatred
and Averfion of the latter, and is ufually the Caufe of all their Misfor
tunes. 'Tis therefore certain, that many Chriftians are put to Death merely
thro' a falfe Accufation, and though they were but imperfectly convic
ted of Judaifm : This the Inquifitors would foon find, would they but
give themfelves the Trouble to examine Matters coolly, and without
Prejudice; and recollect that of an hundred Perfons who are condemn
ed to the Flames as Jews, fcarce four profefs that Faith in their dying
Moments. The reft cry out with their lateft Breath that they are Chrifl
tians, have been . fo all their Life-time, and that they worfhip Chrift as
the fole the true God, and that their Hopes are grounded wholly on his
Mercy, and the Merits of his precious Blood. But neither the Cries
nor the Expoftulations of thofe unhappy Creatures, (if we may give that
Name to Perfons who fuffer for the fake of Truth) make the leaft Im-
preffion on their bloody Judges, who think, that fp clear and authentic
a Confeflion, which fuch a Multitude of People make of their Faith,
as they go to Execution, does not merit the leaft Reflection ; but, on
the contrary, foppofe that, the bare Apprehenfion of Torments, which
forces a certain Number of Witneffes to accufe innocent Perfons, will
alone fecure them from Divine Vengeance. If fo many Chriftians, who
are branded with Judaifm, are unjuftly delivered over to the fecular
Arm, in all the Tribunals of the Inquifition, there is no lefs, or lefs
frequent Injuftice committed with regard to fuch as are accufed of Ma
gick or Incantation, in the Indies,, and are thereupon condemned to the
Flames. And to exhibit this clearly to the Reader, we are to obferve
that the Heathens, who have a great Number of fuperftitious Practices,
in their inquiring, for inftance, the Succefs of an Affair, or of a Fit of
Sicknefs ? whether a Perfon loves us ? who has Hole a Thing ? and fuch
like ; we muft, I fey, obferve that thefe Heathens can neither fo well,
or fo foon lay afide thefe Things, as not frequently to ufe them after
their Baptifm. But this will not be thought fo particular, if we reflect,
that in France, where the Chriftian Religion has been fo long eftabUfh'd, we

The Hiftory *//;&* INQUISITION. 495
we neverthelefs meet a great Number of Perfons who believe and prac-
tife impertinent Ceremonies, which fo long a Series of Years has not
been able to obliterate. We are farther to obferve, that thefe lately-con-
yerted Heathens have fpent the greateft Part of their Lives' in the Pa
gan Religion, arid th'at fiich of them as live under the Portuguefe Go
vernment in the Indies, are either Subjects or Slaves, who feldomchange
their Religion upon any other Motive but in Hopes of being better
treated by their Mafters. Neverthelefs fuch Faults, as they are commit
ted by unlightened and ignorant Perfons, ought at moft to be puniflied
with Whipping,, are neverthelefs expiated by Fire, in cafe they plead
not guilty a fecond Time, after having confeffed the firft; or perfift in
pleading not guilty the 'firft Time. The Inquifitors not only punifh fuch
Chriftians as are guilty, or are pretended ; to be guilty of thofe. Crimes
whereof they take Cognizance ; but. alfo Mahometans, Heathens, or o-
thers, of what Religion foever, who have perpetrated any. one of
thefe Crimes, of 'have followed their religious Worfhip in any ofthe
Dominions fubject to the' King of Portugal. For notwithftkriding that
the King allows Liberty of Confcience,' the Inquifitors interpret their
Privilege in fuch a Manner,' as to permit Foreigner's to profefs their
refpective Religions, but punifh all thofe Perfons who prefume to
exercife it in any Manner. And as his Portuguefe Majefty has many
more ..Mahometan arid heathen Subjects, ' than Chriftian, in his Domi
nions in the Eafi- fndies, and that the Inquifitors, 'vvfro pur to Death alt'
Chriftians' who have relapfed, rieyer condemn fuch to Death as were_
never baptifed, though they wereto relapfe art hundred Times into the
fame Guilt, and are at moft punifhed either with-^Banifhment, Whip
ping, or the Gallies; the Dread of being puriifhed:with Death, hinders
great Numbers from embracing- the '"Chriftian:; Religion. Thus the holy
Office, fo far from being of Advantage to the Faith in thofe Countries,,
drives People from tbe Church, and makes them confider it with
Horror. The' perpetual Chain of Accufations, which muft neceffarily fol
low from the Particulars we have now related, and the Liberty which
all Men* have to impeach thofe againft whom they may have conceived.
Malice, ;is the. ..Occafion that the Prifons oi'- the /Inquifition are feldom
empty. ' And. notwithftanding tHere is an Act pf Faith or Gaol-Delivery,
every two or three Years at fartheft, there are neverthelefs two hundred
Perfons or more, tried every Seflions.
Here follows the Manner in which Dellon^ tells us her was brought ta
Audience,' When

494 The Hiftory of tU IN<XtJISIT;ION.
When I found, fays he, that I was kept a whole Day and Night in
the Aljouvar, without being examined, I began to flatter myfelf that I
might continue in it till-. my Affair was concluded ; but all my Hopes
vanifhed, when an Officer of the Inquifition came the 16th oi January
at Eight in the Morning, and brought Orders for carrying us to the Santa
Cafa, which -was imrnediately executed.
The Irons with which I was loaded, made walking Very painful to
me ; however, we were obliged to walk on Foot thus fetter.'d, from the
Aljouvar to the Inquifition. I was, helped in going up the Stairs, when
I .entered with my Companions the great Hall, where feveral Smiths
knoek'dtofffour Irons; which being done, I was firft called to Au
dience. After having erofs'd the Hall, I went into an Antichamber, and from
thence into another Apartment, where I found my Judge. This Place
is called, by the Portuguefe Mefa do Santo Officio, i.e. the Table or Tri
bunal of the Holy Office. It was hung with" blue and yellow Taffetyi
At one 'End of it is a large Crucifix in Relievo, placed againft the Hang-
ings,and reaching up almoft to the Cieling. In the Middle of theCham-
ber is a large Alcove, on which is fixed a Table near fifteen Foot long,
and four over. There was alfo over the Alcove, two eafy Chairs; and
feveralother Seats round the Table, and at the End, on ohe Side of the
Crucifix, was the Secretary feated on a folding Chair. I was placed at
the other End, oppofite to the Secretary ; very near me, and at my Right-
Hand was feated, in one of thefe eafy Chairs, the great Inquifitor ofthe
Indies, Francifco Delgado e Matos, a Secular Prieft, about Forty. He
was alone, becaufe then, of the two Inquifitors who are generally in
Goa, the fecond, who is always a Dominican Friar, was embarked for
Portugal a little while before, and the King had not yet nominated any
Perfon to fucceed him. fi
At my coming into the Hall of Audience, I threw myfelf at the Feet
of my Judge, imagining the fuppliant Pofture I was in would move
him to Compaflion ; but he would not fuffer me to continue in it, and
therefore immediately ordered me to rife. Then having asked me my
Name and my Profeflion, he asked me whether I knew the Reafon why
I had been imprifoned ? whereupon he exhorted me to declare it imme
diately, as it was the only Means left me to recover my Liberty inftantly;
After having anfwer'd thefe two firft Queftions, I told him, that I be
lieved I knew the Reafon for my being imprifoned ; and that in cafe he
would be pleafed to hear me, I would immediately accufe myfelf. I
' mingled

The Hiftory pf the I N.QU I S I T ION. 49 y
mingled Tears with my Intreaties, and thereupon I threw myfelf a fe
cond time at his Feet ; but my Judge told me, with great Coolnefs, that
I might take my Time, for that; Matters were not urgent ; that he had
Affairs upon his Hands of much greater Confequence than mine; that he
would give me Notice at a proper Seafon, when immediately he rang a
little Bell for the Alcaide, or Turnkey of the Prifon. This Officer came
into the Hall, and conducted me to a long Gallery not far diftant from it,
whither we were followed by the Secretary.
Here my Trunk was brought, which was opened before me ; upon
vvhich I was fearched very narrowly, and every thing I had about me was
taken away,, to the very Buttons pf my Sleeves, and a Ring which I wore
on my Finger ; infomuch, that they left me nothing but my Beads, my
Handkerchief, and a few Pieces of Gold which I had fewed up in a Rib-
bon,.and were lodged between my Leg and Stocking, which they happened
to overlook. A pretty exact Inventory was immediately drawn up of all
the reft; but all this yvaspf no manner of Service fo me, fince nothing
of Value was afterwards reftored to me, notwithftanding that the Secre
tary affured me,, and the Inquifitor alfo, that all I had would be faith
fully reftored to me the Inftant I fhould be releafedi
The Inventory being drawn up, the Alcaide took me by the Hand,
and carried me to a Dungeon ten Foot fquare ; where I was confined
alone, nor ever faw a living Soul till the Evening, when my Supper was
brought me.. As I bad not eat any thing either that or the preceding
Day, I eat what was given me very heartily, and flept much better up
on it. The Turnkey coming the next Morning with my Breakfaft, I
defired to have my Books and Combs ; but they told me, that Prifoners
are never allowed to have Books, not even a Prieft to have his Breviary,
tho' he be obliged tp repeat Divine Service ; and that as for my Combs,
I- fhould not want them; and indeed; this was very true, for they im
mediately cut off my Hair ; a Cuftom obferved with regard to both Wo
men and Men, tho' of the greateft Quality, the firft or fecond Day at
fartheft,. of their Imprifonment.
I had been told, when I was firft imprifon'd, that when I fhould want:
any thing,, I. need do no more than knock gently at the Door, in order
to call the Turnkeys, or to ask for what I wanted at Meal-time: And
that when I wd: J-iirous of going to the Audience, I need only addrefs
myfelf to the A A; lie, who, as the Turnkeys, never fpeaks to the Pri
foners without having- fome Perfon along with him.. I had alfo been-
flatter'd with Ua Hopes that I fhould be fet at Liberty immediately afterr

49* The Hiftory of thel N*aU I S IT TON.
after my Confeflion, which made me continually importune my Officers
to let me be carried before my Judges ; but notwithftanding all my Tears
and Intreaties, I was not indulged it, till the laft Day of January 1674.
The Alcaide, accompanied with a Turnkey, came to^me for that.Pur-
pofe about Two in- the Afternobn; I dreffed as he ordered me, and came
out of my Dungeon bare-legged and bare-footed, the Gaoler going be
fore, and the Turnkey after me. In this Order we walked to the Gate
of the Chamber where Audience is given. Here the Alcaide advancing
a little forward, and making a low Bow, came out again; upon which
I went in. Here I found, the Inquifitor and Secretary, as before. Im
mediately I fell upon my Knees, but was ordered to rife and feat myfelf ;
upon which I fat down upon "a Bench which was placed at the End of
the Table, on the Side where the Judges fat. Juft by me, and at the
End of the Table, was a Mafs-Book, on which I was firft ordered to
lay my Hand, and to promife that I would fwear to the Truth, and to
keep inviolable Secrecy, which are the two Oaths required of all who
appear before thisTribunal, Whether they come to give in their Depo
fitions, or to -receive any Orders.
I was afterwards asked, Whether I knew the Reafon of my being im
prifoned, and if I were refolved to declare it ? To which I anfwered,
that I was fully determined to do fo. Upon which I made an exact
Declaration of all I had before related with regard to Baptifin and the
Worfhip of Images-; but did not mention arty thing I had faid with re-
fpect to the Inquifition, they not occurring at that time to my Memory.
The Judge having again asked me, Whether I had any more to fay ?
and being told that I could not think of any thing elfe ; was fo far
from fetting me at Liberty, as I had flattered myfelf I fhould be, that
he concluded the Audience with thefe very Words :
That I had done very well to accufe myfelf voluntarily; and that he
exhorted me in the Name of our Lord Jefus Chrift, to declare imme
diately the Remainder of my Informations, in order that I might expe
rience the Goodnefs and Mercy which that Tribunal indulges to all who
prove the Sincerity of their Repentance, by a genuine and voluntary Con
feffion. My Declaration and the Exhortation being ended and written down,
it was read to me, and I flgned it ; which being done, the Inquifitor
rang a little Bell to call the Alcaide, who came, and carried me back to
Prifon in the fame Order I came. I was

The Hiftory of the I NQU I S I T I O N. 497
I was carried a fecond time before the Judge, without my defiring it,
On the, 1 5th oi February, which made me fuppofe that he intended to
fet me at Liberty. Being come, I was asked, Whether I had no more to
fay ? I was exhorted not to difguife any Circumftance, but on the con
trary, to make a fincere Confeffion of my Faults. I anfwered, that after
a very ferious Self-examination, I could not think of any frefh Particulars.
I then was asked my Name, thofe of my Father, my Mother, Brothers,
Grandfathers and Grandmothers, Godfathers and Godmothers; whether
I were Chri/lian de oito Dies f that is, a Chriftian of eight Days ftand
ing ; becaufe Children are not baptized in Portugal till the eighth Day
after their Birth, nor are Childbed Women churched till the fortieth Day
after their Lying-in, tho' they had never fo eafy a Delivery. The Judge
feemed to be furprized, when I told him that the Cuftom of deferring
the Baptifm of Children a whole Week, was not practifed in France ;
but that, on the contrary, they were always chriftened as foon as Cou-
veniency would permit. 'Tis pretty evident, by the Obfervance of thefe
Mofaic Ceremonies, that notwithftandiug the Portuguefe pretend to have
the Jeibs in fo much Abhorrence, they yet are not fo good Chriftians as
they ought to be. But this is not the greateft Evil which flows from the
Obfervance of thefe Jewip Inftitutions ; for from the former, it happens
but too frequently, that Children die without being regenerated by the
Sacrament of Baptifm, and are by that Means excluded Heaven for ever ;
and in order not to violate the Ceremony of Purification, which ought
to ceafe after the Gofpel-Difpenfation, the Portuguefe Women don't in
the leaft feruple to act in Contempt to an Injunction of the Church,
which obliges all Chriftians to affift every Sunday, and every Feftival at
the Holy Sacrifice of the Mafs, unlefs they happened to be prevented from
fo doing by fome lawful Caufe.
I was farther asked the Name of the Perfon who baptized me, in what
Diocefe, what City ; and laflly, whether I had ever been confirmed, and
by what Bifhop ? Having anfwered thefe feveral Queftions, I was or
dered to kneel down, to make a Sign of the Crofs, to repeat the Pater-
nofler, the Ave-Maria, the Creed, the Commandments of God and the
Church, and the Salve Regina. In fine, he concluded as before, with
exhorting me by the Bowels of Jefus, to confefs immediately the feve
ral Crimes and Errors I had not yet revealed ; which being written down,
and read before me, and figned by myfelf, I was remanded back to
Prifon. _
S f f From

498 The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N.
From the firft Moment of my Confinement, I had always been in the
deepeft Affliction, and fried inceffant Tears ; but at my Return from the
fecond Audience, I abandoned myfelf intirely to Grief, when I found
that I was required to confefs fuch Things as to me appeared impoffible,
fince I could not recollect any fuch Circumftances as I was ordered to
confefs. I therefore endeavoured to ftarve myfelf ; not but I took all the
Suftenance that was brought me, becaufe, in cafe I had refufed it, I fhould
have been beat by the Turnkeys, who always examine very carefully, up
on their taking the Plates back, whether the Prifoners eat enough to
fupport Nature ; but my Defpair fuggefted Methods to elude their Vigi
lance in this Particular. I fpent whole Days without taking a Morfel,
and ufed to throw part of what was given me into the Bafon, to pre
vent its being feen. This fevere Abftinence entirely prevented my fleep-
ing, and now 1 did nothing but macerate my Body in this manner, and
fried Floods of Tears. However, in thefe Days of Sorrow and Lamen
tation, I revolved in my Mind all the Errors of my paft Life, and con-
feft that, all my Mifery was a Judgment from Heaven upon me : I even
perfuaded myfelf, that God perhaps had employ'd thefe fevere, but fa
lutary, Methods to call me to himfelf; when being a little revived and
comforted with thefe Reflections, I fincerely implored the Afliftance of
the Holy Virgin, who is equally the Comforter of the Afflicted, and
the Refuge and Afylum of Sinners; and indeed, I have had fo vifible a
Demonftration of her Protection, as well during my Imprifonment, as
on feveral other Occafions, that I cannot forbear making this publick
Teftimony thereof.
In fine, after having made a more exact, or more happy Recollection
of all I had faid or done during my Refidence at Daman, I remembred
the feveral Expreffions I had ufed touching the Inquifition and the Inte
grity thereof: Upon which I immediately defired, to be admitted to Au
dience ; but this however was not granted me till the 1 6th of March
following. I made no doubt, upon my Appearance this time before the Judge,
but that I fhould then put an End to my unhappy Affair, and after the
Confeflion I was going . to make, be immediately fet at Liberty ; but
when I thought my Wifhes upon the Point of being accomplifhed, I
faw myfelf immediately fall from my moft fanguine Hopes ; becaufe
that when I had declared every thing I had to fay with regard to the In
quifition, I was told, that this was not what was expected from me ; and
having

The Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. 499
having nothing elfe to fay, I was immediately remanded back, nor would
they fo much as write down my Confeflion.
^ Defpair having prompted M. Dellon to make away with himfelf, Ad
vice thereof was given to the Inquifitors, who ordered him to be brought
to Audience ; but he was fo weak, that he was forced to be carried thi
ther. I there ( continues he ) was laid along the Floor, my extreme
Weaknefs not allowing me either to fit or ftand.
Then the Inquifitor reproached me feveral times ; gave Orders for my
being carried away, and Handcuffs to be put upon me, to prevent my
forcing off the Chains with which I was bound. This was immediately
executed, and I was not only hand-cuffed, but an Iron Machine was
clapt about my Neck, which held to the Hand-cuffs, and was locked
with a Padlock ; fo that now it was impoffible for me to ftir my Arms.
But this Treatment only exafperated me the more : I threw myfelf on
the Ground, and ftruck my Head againft the Floor and the Walls ; and
had I been bound but a little longer in that manner, I fhould have in
fallibly have got my Arms at Liberty, and fhould have died with it: But
as I was continually watched, they found by my Actions, that Severity
was very unfeafonable at this time, and that it were better to employ
gentle Methods.
Upon this my Irons were knocked off, Endeavours were made to com*
fort me with delufive Hopes, I was put into another Cell, and had again
a Companion given me, who was order'd to watch me narrowly. This
Prifoner was a Black, but much more unfociable than my former Com
panion. Neverthelefs Heaven, who had preferved me from fo great an
Evil, banifhed the Defpair which fat brooding over me, a Circumftance
in which I was more happy than many others, who frequently made
away with themfelves in their Confinement in thefe Dungeons, where no
Confolation is ever allowed to enter. This Companion continued about
two Months with me ; for as foon as I appeared to be eafier in my Mind,
he was taken from me, notwithftanding my Weaknefs was fo great, that
I could fcarce walk from my Bed to the Door of my Cell, when Victuals
were brought me. In fine, after having fpent almoft a Year in this
manner, I was feafoned to Affliction, and Providence afterwards endued
me with fo much Patience, that I never made any more Attempts upon
my own Life.
I had been about eighteen Months in this Confinement, when the
Judges being informed that I was in a Condition to fpeak, fent for me
the fourth time to Audience ; where I was asked, Whether I was not
S f f a refolved

Too The Hiftory ofthe IN QJJ I S I T I O N,
refolved to^anfwer what; was required of me ? Having replied, that I
could not recollect a fingle Circumftance more, the Pro,ctor of the In
quifition appeared with his Declaration, in order to fignify to me the fe
veral Informations which had been exhibited againft me.
In all the other Examinations I had accufed myfelf, and they were
contented with hearing my Depofition without defcending to- Particu
lars, and had remanded me back to my Cell the inftant I protefted I
had no more to declare againft myfelf ; but in this fourth Examination I
was accufed, and was allowed to defend myfelf. They read to me, in the
Informations which were exhibited againft me, the feveral things where
with I had accufed myfelf. Thefe Facts were true, and I had confeffed,
them by my own proper Impulfe, confequently I had nothing to object
againft thefe Facts ; but then I flattered myfelf, that I could prove to
the Judges they were not fo criminal as they were thought to be. I
therefore anfwered, with regard to what I had advanced on Baptifm, that
I did not any way intend to oppofe the Doctrine pf the Church ; but that
the Paffage, Nifi quis renatus fuerit ex aqua & Spiritu SanBo, non potefl
introire in regnum Dei, having appeared very exprefs to me, I had de
fired an Explication of it. The chief Inquifitor feem'd furpriz'd that I
fhould mention a Paffage that every one knows by Heart ; and his Surprize
raifed my Aftonifhment. He asked me where that Paffage was to he
found ? I anfwered in the Gofpel according to St. John, chap, iih ver. 5.
He then ordered the New Teftament to be brought, looked out the
Place, read it, but did not explain it to me. However, he wasvery glad
to inform me, that it was fufficiently explained by Tradition; becaufe
the Church has always looked upon as baptized, not only all thofe who
died for our Lord Jefus Chrift, without having received the ordinary
Form of Baptifm, but alfo thofe who defiring to be baptized, and re
penting of their Sins, have died fuddenly unbaptized.,
With refpect to the Worihip of Images, I faid I had advanced no
thing but what was borrpwed from the Holy Council of Trent, and
repeated to him the Paffage following, from the 25th Seffion, De
Invocatione SanBorum & Sacris imaginibusr; imagines Chrifii, Deipa-
ra; Virginis, & aliorum SanBorum retinendas, iij'qUe debitum honorem,
& venerationem impertiendam i ita ut per imagines, coram quibus pro-
cumbimus, Chriftum adoremus; & fanBos, quorum ilia ftmilitudinem ge-
runt, veneremur. The

The Hiftory ofthelNXlU I S I T I O N. yoi
The Judge feem'd more forpriz'd fo hear of this Quotation than
he had been at my Repeating the former ; and looking into the Coun
cil oi Trent, he fhut the Book without explaining the Paffage.
'Tis furprizing to think that Perfons who are eftabliflied Judges over
others in Matters of Faith, fhould be fo profoundly ignorant ; and I muft
¦confefs, that I could fcarce believe this Circumftance myfelf, though I
had been an Eye-witnefs of it, and have it perfect ly frefh in my Me
mory, had I not found in Tavernier's Voyages, that how referved foever
Father Ephraim oi Never s may be on Matters relating to the Inquifi-
- tors, who tortured him fo cruelly, he yet breaks out into the following
Expreffion : That nothing fhock d him fo much as the ftupid Ignorance
of thofe Inquifitors.
The Proctor when he read the Informations, had faid, that befides
what I myfelf had confeffed, I was moreover accufed and clearly con
victed of having fpoke with Contempt of the Inquifition and its Mini
fters ; and of having fpoke with great Difrefpect of the Pope and' his
.Authority. He concluded, that the Stubbornnefs I had hitherto fhewn
in flighting fo much charitable Advice which had been given me,, being
a rhanifeft Proof that I concealed very pernicious Defigns, and that ha
ving defigned to teach and foment Herefy,- I confequently was become
obnoxious to the major Excommunication ; that my Goods and Chat
tels ought to be forfeited to the King, and myfelf delivered over to the
Executioner in order to be confumed, in . the Flames:
I leave the Reader to judge the Tortures which thefe Conclufions of
the Proctor raifed in my Breaft ; notwithftanding I can truly affirm, that
how dreadful foever thofe Words may be, yet Death would have been
more welcome than Imprifonment. Thus in fpight of the Terror with
which I was feiz'd, I yet had Spirits enough left to anfwer the Accu
fations which were then exhibited againft me, in faying that I neyer
had harboured any flnifter Intentions ; that I had ever continued a true
Catholick ; that all thofe I had converfed with in India would vouch
-the Truth thereof, particularly Father Ambrofe, and Father Ives, both
French Capuchins, who had frequently heard my Confeffions. I knew
after I was fet at Liberty that Father Ives was actually at Goa, at the
very Time when I called upon his Teftimony ; that I had fometimes
gone frfty Miles to celebrate Eaft'er ; that if I had been any wife inclin'd
to entertain heretical Principles, I might eafily have fettled in thofe
Countries in the Indies, where a full Liberty of fpeaking is allowed ; and
confequently, that I fhould not, had Matters flood thus, have fettled in
the

Soi The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION.
the Dominions of the King of Portugal; that fo far from difputing a-
gainft Religion, I had, on the contrary, frequently argued with Here
ticks in Defence of it ; that indeed I remembered I had fpoke with tpo
much Freedom, when I was before the Inquifitor ; but that I was
greatly furprized they would impute that very Thing to me as a heinous
Crime, which they had looked upon as a Trifle, when I offered to
declare about a Year and a Half ago ; that as to the Particulars which
related to his Holinefs, I could not recollect that I had expreffed my
felf in the Manner laid to my Charge ', that neverthelefs, if they
would pleafe to defcend to Particulars, I would fincerely confefs the
Truth. Then the Inquifitor told me, that I was allowed Time to confider
of thofe Articles which related to his Holinefs ; but that he could not
fufficiently admire my Impudence, in affirming that I had made my
Confeflion with regard to the Inquifition, fince twas very certain that I
had not once opened my Mouth upon that Head ; and that in cafe I
had made my Declaration upon that Article, when I faid I had done
it, I fhould not have been kept fo long in Prifon.
I remember'd fo perfectly every Thing I had advanced, and the An
fwers that had been made me, and was fo tranfoorted with Rage to
fee myfelf mocked in that Manner, that if I had not been immediate*
ly ordered to withdraw, upon the figning of my Depofition, it would
have been impoflible for me to refrain from opprobrious Expreffions
before the Judge : And had I had Strength and Liberty equal to the
Courage with which my Paffion fired me, I perhaps fhould have gone
-farther than injurious Terms.
I was called three or four Times to Audience in a Month, where I
was urged to confefs thofe Particulars I had advanced with refpect to
the Pope. A new Proof was then declared to me, which the Proctor
pretended was drawn up againft me on that Head, but which did not dif-
fer in a fingle Circumftance from what had before been urged againft me.
But a Proof that the whole was a falfe Accufation, and invented mere
ly to force me to fpeak, is, that they would not declare to me the Par
ticulars which they pretended I had advanced. At laft, finding they
could get no more out of me, they faid no more ; and this Article
was not inferted in my Indictment, when it was read publickly in the
Act of Faith.
They therefore attempted again in thefe laft Audiences, to oblige me
to confefs, that in the feveral Facts I agreed upon, -I really intended to
defend

The Hiftory of the I N Q U I S I T I O N. .fo $
defend Herefy ; but this I was refolved never to own, fince it wa s a
Falfhood. During November and December, my Ears were wounded with the
-Cries of Prifoners who were put to the Torture, which is fo fevere that
I have known feveral Perfons of both Sexes who were lame all their
Life-time after, and among the reft, the firft Companion I had in my
Confinment. In this holy Tribunal no regard is had to Age, Sex, or Condition, but
all are treated with the fame Severity ; and are indifcriminately tortured,
and ftript almoft naked, whenever the bloody-minded Inqufitors are
pleafed to order it.
I remembered I had heard before my Imprifonment, that the Auto
de Fe was generally folemniz'd the firft Sunday in Advent, becaufe that
Paffage of Scripture which relates to the laft Judgment is read on that
Day in Churches, the Inquifitors then pretending to exhibit a lively Re
presentation thereof. I moreover obferved, that there were a great Num-
-ber of Perfons coni- "d in that Prifon ; the deep Silence which reigns in
that Houfe giving n.e an Opportunity to count the Number of Doors
which Were daily opened at the ftated- Times of eating. I was befides
almoft fore, that a new Archbifhop arrived at Goa in OBober, the See
having been before vacant for almoft thirty Years. At leaft I thought
fo, becaufe the Bells of the Cathedral had rung in an extraordinary Man
ner for nine Days together, • at a Time when neither the univerfal Church,
nor that of Goa in particular, folemnize any remarkable Feftival. I knew
' that this Prelate was expected even before my Confinement.
Thefe feveral Reafons made me flatter myfelf, that I might gain my
Liberty in the Beginning of December ; but when I found the firft and
fecond Sunday in Advent were paft, I did not doubt but either my Li
berty or Confinement waspoftponed for at leaft twelve Months.
As I fanfied that the Act of Faith was never folemnized but in the
Beginning of the Month oi December, finding it elapfe without the leaft
Sign of any Preparation for that dreadful Ceremony, I refolved to fub-
mit another Year to my Afflictions; neverthelefs, I found at a Time
when I leaft expected it, that I was likely to be fet at Liberty.
I obferved that Saturday the nth of January 1676, intending after
Dinner to give my Linen to the Turnkeys in order to get it wafhed, as
was the Cuftom, they refufed to take it, and put it off till the next
Day. I could

TO* The Kiforftftbe I N <£U I S IT I ON.
I could not but revolve a thoufand Thoughts upon the Occafion of
this extraordinary Refufal, but not finding one fatisfactory, I at laft
concluded, that poflibly the Act of Faith might be folemnized the next
Day ; but I was more ftrongly confirm'd in my Opinion, or rather
looked upon it as certain, when after hearing the ringing for Vefpers at
the Cathedral, Matins were rung immediately after, - which had never
been done fince my Confinement, the Eve of the Feaft of Corpus Chrifii
excepted, which is always folemnized in India the Thurfday immediately
following Low-Sunday, becaufe of die continual Rains which fallatthe
Time of its Celebration in Europe. One would have thought that my
Heart was going to be filled with Joy, fince I thought I fhould be foon
fet at Liberty, and that I fhould come out of the Grave, as it Were, in
Which I had been buried for near two Years : Neverthelefs the Dread
with which the fatal Conclufion of the Proctor had filled me, and the
Uncertainty of my Deftiny, heightened my Affliction to that Degree,
that I fpent the Remainder of that Day, and Part ofthe Night, in fiich
a Condition as would have moved the hardeft Heart, thofe excepted un
der whofe Cruelty I fuffered.
Supper was brought me, which I refufed, and contrary to Cuftom it
Was not urged upon me ; but no fooner were the Doors fhut but I gave
myfelf up to Grief and Defpair. At laft, after having deplored my
hard Fate with Sighs and Tears, opprefled with the moft piercing An-
guifh, I began to doze about Eleven at Night.
I had not been long afleep, when I was on a fudden awaked by the
Noife which the Turnkeys made in opening the Doors of my Cell, and
as this Was unufual, I was furpriz'd to fee People enter it with a Light j
and my Fears were not a little increafed by the Latenefs of the
Hour. Then the Alcaide gave me Clothes, which he ordered me to put on,
and to be ready to leave my Cell when he fhould call me for that Pur
pofe ; then he went away, leaving a lighted Lamp in the Dungeon.
I now had neither Strength enough to rife, nor to anfwer; and the Mo
ment the Turnkeys left me, I was feiz'd with fuch a Trembling, that
for above an Hour I could not fo much as caft my Eyes upon the
Clothes which were left trie. At laft I arofe, and falling proftrate up
on the Earth before a Crofs which I had drawn upon the Wall, I re
commended myfelf to Heaven, and refign'd myfelf wholly to Providence ;
after which I put on the Suit, which confifted in a Waiftcoat, the
Sleeves whereof reached to the Wrift, and a Pair of Drawers that
reached

7*The> mstovybf the. I-JST QU I S.ITiON. s$S
reached to the Heels ; the whole" made of a I black" and white ' ftriped
Linen. •'¦ .'A
•; .1 did riot wait .lohg a,fter the Drefs was brought me; for the Turnkeys
came about Two -iri the , Morning into my Cell, whence I was carried
into a long Gallery, where iLfound a great Number of my Fellow Suf
ferers .ftanding againft the. Walls. Here I placed myfelf, and feveral difcl
the fame after; trie. -'Notwithftanding there were upwards of two' hun
dred, more in this .Gallery, yet as all of them; were gloomily -filent, 'as
there were, not .above, a Dozen Whites among them, who could fcarce
be diftiriguifhed from-.theu reft, . and: as .all- were! clothed in the fame
Drefs with myfelf,-. they mighteafily have been taken: for. fo many Sta
tues frxfd; againft the .Wall, had hot the Motion i of their Eyes,, which
W.as die:. only ¦Lib'er'ty.aUowed. them, fhewed them to be living Crea
tures.... 
-- ; The Gallery in which we flood had .fo few^Lamps in it, and the
Light of them: was fo very faint "arid; weak, that this Circumftance, added
to the Croud rof. black and.for*owful Object's, feemed to make the whole
like a Burial.
r fThe Women', who were clothed, in the fame Linen as the Men j were
placed; in: an adjacent Gallery, where we could fee- them ; but I obferv
ed, that in La Dormitory, not far from, the Place where we flood, there
.were .'alfo; Prifoners clothed in a black Suit,:: which defeended very: low,
who walked up anddown from Time to Time./ I did not then know
whatthistneant, but was informed a ieM Hours after, that they were
thofe' who were to be. burnt,' and. were walking, up and down with, their
Confeffors. .
As I was unacquainted with the Formalities of the HolyUDffice, how
heartily .foever I might formerly have, wifhedtoidie/ I inert- -wafe under
dreadful Apprehenfions left I fhould be one of.thofe.who were conderrin-i
ed to die Flames. . However, I cheered myfelf a : little, when I confi
dered. my Drefs was ndtdifferent fr'ottrthereft, and that -'twas not like
ly fuch^a Number. of. People would be burnt as were! there prefent.- "- ---'¦
After we were all placed againft the Wall, a iyellbw. Wax Taper wa£
given to- ea,eh-; of us .; after which Clothes were .broqght ns, made like
Tunics or large Scapularies,; they were of yellow uCloth, with red-St.Yf«-
driw's Croffes painted bfeforeandbehind. ,Such as arebrarided with"; thefe
Stigmas- are; thofe who. have been guilty, or fuppofed to- be guilty, of
Oimes^airift the Faith of Chrift, whether they be.Jews,i Mah'oWet 'ans ',-
Wizards & or, Hereticks, who have left the Catholick.. Religion.; .Thefe
-No. 17. Ttt lar^

-So6 The Hiftory -of the' I N QU I S I T 1 0 K.
; large Scapularies with large St. Andrews Croffes are called fan be
nitos.
Thofe who were looked upon as convict, and perfifted in declaring their
: Innocence, or had relapfed, wore 'another kind of Scapulary called &*-
marra, the Ground whereof is grey ; theCriminai is drawn thereon, both
before and behind, ftahding on Fire-brands with- Flames mounting up
wards, and Devils around them; atthe Bottom of the Portrait the Crime
and Name of the Prifoner are written. But fuch as accufe themfelves
after Sentence has been pronounced upon them before their Releafe, and
have not relapfed, , have Flames pointing downwards painted on their
JSamarra's, and.tbis is. called fogo revolto, or reverfed Fire.
San benitos were given to twenty Blacks accufed of Magick, and to
¦a Portuguefe convicted of the fame Crime, and who was moreover a
new Chriftian ; and as they were refolved not to revenge themfelves by
Halves, but to infult me to the utmoft, they forced me to put on a
Drefs like to that ofthe Wizards and Hereticks, though I had always
confeffed the Catholic Religion. This* the Judges might eafily have
known from a great many People, both Frenchmen and others, with whom
I had -lived iri feveral Parts of India. My Terror was increafed When I
Jaw myfelf in this Habit, becaufe I thought that as there were not, a-
mong'fo great a Number of Criminals, but twenty-two Perfons who
were dreffed with thefe ignominious fan benitos, 'twas very poffible that
thefe only were thofe who were not to be pardon'd.
After the fan benitos, five Pafteboard Caps were brought, fhaped like
a Sugar-loafi having Devils and Flames painted on them, with the Word
Feiticero, i.e. Wizard, round them. Thefe-Caps are called Carrochas,
and were put on the Heads of the five moft guilty of the Criminals, a-
mong thofe who were accufed of Magic ; and as they ftood pretty, near
me, I. expected to have one alfo ; however I was miftaken. I then al
moft doubted np more but that thefe miferable Wretches were to be
really, burnt, and as they were not better acquainted than myfelf with
the Formalities ofthe Inquifition, they have fince told me, that they
thought their Ruin inevitable.
Every one being habited according to his imputed Crime, we were
allowed to fit upon the Ground till farther Orders.
; About Four in the Morning, feveral Domefticks belonging to the Pri
fon came after the Turnkeys, to give Bread and Figs to fuch as would
eat ; but for my Part, tho' I had not fupped the Night before, I had fa
little Appetite, that I fliould have taken nothings had not one of the
.Tnrnkeys

The Riftoiy ef the INQUISITION. J07
Turnkeys' come up to me, and faid> Take the Bread that is offered you ;
and if you can't eat it now, put it into your Pocket ; for depend upon't,
you'll be hungry before you come back.
Thefe Words gave me the higheft Confolation, and difpelled . all my
Fears, fince he talked of my returning back, which made me take his
Advice. At laft, after having long waited, Day began to break about Five,
when one might plainly behold in the Faces of all the Prifoners, the
various Impulfes of Shame, Grief, and Fear, as * thofe different Paflions
raged in their Bofoms ; for notwithftanding that they were all flufhed
with Joy, when they found they were going to be delivered from their
dreadful and infupportable Captivity ; yet the Uncertainty of their Fate
very much diminifhed their Tranfports.
The largeft Bell of the Cathedral began to ring a little before Sun-rifej
to give notice to the People of the Solemnization of the Act of Faith»
which is, as it were, the Triumph of the Holy Office. We at firft
marched out one by one. I obferved in pafling out of the Gallery into
the Great Hall, that the Inquifitor was fitting at the Door, having a Se
cretary ftanding near him ; that the Hall Was crouded with the Inhabi
tants oi Goa, whofe Names were written in a Lift which the Secretary-
held in his Hand ; and that at the fame time that a Prifoner was order-*
ed out, he named one of thofe Gentlemen who were in the Hall> who
immediately went up to the Prifoner and attended him, in order to
ftand Godfather to him in the Act of. Faith.
Thefe Godfathers anfwer for the Perfons they attend upon4 and re-
prefent them when the Feftival is ended. The Inquifitors pretend, that
'tis a great Honour for a Perfon to be chofen Godfather on thefe Occa
fions. The General of the Portuguefe Ships in India was my Godfather^ and
therefore I came out along with him ; and being got into the Street, I
found that the Proceflion opened with the Dominicans, who enjoy this
Privilege) becaufe St. Dominic their Founder inftituted the Inquifition.
Before them> the Standard of the Holy Office was carry'd, in which
the Image of the Founder was wrought in very rich Embroidery, hold*
ing a Sword in one Hand> and an Olive^Branch in the other., with this
Infcription, Juftitia & Mifericordia.
After thefe Friars follow the Prifoners walking one after another, with
each his Godfather by his Side, and a Wax-Taper in his Hand. The
leaft guilty walk'd firft 5 and as I was not looked upon to be very inno-*
T 1 1 z centa

*o8 The Hiftory ofthe I N QJJ I S IT I O N. :"
cent; above an hundred F-rifoners walked before me. Men and Women
walked together/ for there was no other Diftinction' than that of Crimes.
I, like the reft, was bare-headed and bare- footed, but I fuffered very
much in the March, which1 faffed above an Hour, becaufe of the little
Flints with which the Streets of Goa axe .frlPd,rfo that my Feet were i.all
bloody. -"Wei we're carry'd thro' the principal Streets, ¦ expofed' to/the. Sight: of
innumerable Spectators, who were come from /all Parts of India, and;
lined the Way as we walked ; care being taken to give j notice of the
Act of Faith in Sermon-time, in the moft diftant Churches,' a long time
before its Solemnization.
s> At laft, oppreffed with ?Shame and Cpnfufion, and vaftly.; fatigued
with the March, we arrived at StjFrancis's'. Chufch, wliich r was then-
appointed to prepare the Celebration" of the Act of Faith. I
The High Altar was covered with Black, and- had on it fix Silver
Candlefticks, in which wefecfix lighted white. Wax- Tapers. - On each
Side of the After- two Seats like Thrones were raifed ;:' that to the Right
for the Inquifitor'and ihis Council, and the' other for the Viceroy and
his Court.
(At fome Diftance from them/ and oppofiteto theHigh Altar, .a little
towards the" Door, another Altar had been raifed, on which two Mafs-
Books lay bpen. ' From' them to the Church-Gate-a Gallery was" built
about three Foot wide/ railed Yin on each Side; and orr each 'Side Forms.
were placed for the Criminals' to fit on, with their refpective. Godfathers/
who fat down as they came into ihe Ghurch; fo that thofe who came
firft into it, fat neareft to the Altar'. Being feated in my Place, I began
to confider the Order which thofe who came after me, were made to. ob
ferve. I found that thofe who wore the dreadful Carrochas abovemen-v
tioned/ walked laft in the Proceffion '; that immediately a large Crucifix
was -carry'd, the Face of which was turned to thofe who walked before
it /and which was followed by two Perfons and four.Statues; that were
carry'd, big as the Life, and reprefenting fo many Men, each of them
fixed upon a long Pole, and accompanied with fo many Boxes, each car
ry'd by a Man; which Boxes were filled with thefiones of thofe whom.,
thofe Statues reprefented.
By the Face ofthe Crucifix turned towards thofe who preceded it,
the Mercy that had been fhewn themis denoted, by foaring their Lives,
tho' they . had juftly deferved to die; and by the faid Crucifix's being
turned behind to thofe who follov/d it, is denoted, that thofe Unhappy,
fi <'¦"¦> n 3 j i Wretches

The Hiftory ofthe INQUISITION, joo
Wretches. are now loft to all Hope. Thus, every thing that relates to the
Inquifition, has a myfterious Signification,
The Drefs of thefe unhappy Perfons infpired equal Horror and Pity.
The living Criminals, and the Sr.atues, were clothed in Samarras made
of grey Linen, painted full of Devils, Flames, and Firebrands, on which
the Criminal's Head was painted both before and behind, with, the Sen
tence written below, containing in few Words, and in large Letters, his
Name, that of his Country, and the Crime for which he was to fuffer.
They alfo wore Carrochas, which like the Habit, were filled with FLuiks
arid Devils.
The little Trunks in which the Bones of thofe who died, were laid,
and who had been profecuted before, or after their Deceafe, before or
after their Imprifonment, in order that their Goods and Chattels might
be Confifcated, were, alfo painted black, and covered with Demons and
Flames. We are here to obferve, that the. Jnquifi tors do not confine their Ju-
rifdidtioh over the Living only, or fuch as die in Prifon ; but that they
frequently profecute People feveral Years after their Death, whenever
they. may then be impeached of any confiderable Crime. In this cafe
their Bodies are dug. up, -and if they are found guilty, their Bones are
burnt in the Act of Faith ; all their Goods and Chattels are confifcated,
which are forcibly taken away frprrj their Heirs. I advance nothing in
this Place but what I myfelf know to be true; for among the Statues
tfrat were carry'd" in the , Act of Faith, one of them reprefented a Man
dead many Years before, -who had been lately profecuted, his Bones dug
up, his Goods confifcated, and Bones burnt, or perhaps thofe of fome
other Perfon who had been buried in the fame Place.
Thefe unhappy "Wretches being entred in the gloomy Manner above
defcribed, and feated in the Places appointed them near the Church-
Door, the Inquifitor came, attended by his Officers, and went .and feated
himfelf on the Bench that ftood to the Right of the Altar, during which,
the .Viceroy and his Court feated. themfelves on the Left.
: The Crucifix was placed on the Altar betwixt the Six Candlefticks,
when .every one being feated in his Place, and the Church crowded
with People, the Provincial of the Aufiin Friars went up into the Pul
pit; and preached for half an Hour.. Notwithftanding my great Anguifh
of Heart, T obferved that he compared the Inquifition to Noah's Ark i
but neverthelefs, that he found this Difference between them, viz. that
the Beafts who entered into the Ark, came from thence after the Flcod with

jv> The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O W.
With the very identical Inclinations they bad carry'd into it ', but that the
Inquifition had this admirable Property, to make fo great a Change with
Regard to thofe who were imprifoned in it, that many who were cruel
as Lions and Tygers at their going in, came out from thence as meek
and gentle as Lambs.
Sermon being ended, two Readers Went alternately into the Pulpit,
where they read in publick the Trial of the feveral Criminals, and alfo
their refpective Sentences.
The Prifoner whofe Sentence Was read, was, while that was doing,
conducted by the Alcaide to the Middle ofthe Gallery, where he flood,
with a lighted Wax-Taper in his Hand, till his Sentence was read. And
as all the Prifoners are fuppofed to have incurred the Penalty of the greater
Excommunication, after their Trial and Sentence have been read, the
Prifoner is carry'd to the Foot of the High Altar, on which the Mafs*
Books are laid ; and here being ordered to kneel, he lays his Hands on
the Book, and continues in this Pofture till every Criminal has a Mafs-
Book before him.
Then the Reader laying afide the Trials, read aloud a Confeflion of
Faith, having firft briefly exhorted the Prifoners to repeat it after him
with their Hearts as well as Mouths ; and this being done, each Pri
foner returned back to his Place, and the Trials were again read.
I was called in my Turn, when I found that my Impeachment con-
fifted of three Heads: The firft, for having afferted the Invalidity of
Baptifm fiaminis ; the fecond, for having faid that Images are not to be
worfhipped, and for having blafphemed a Crucifix, by faying that one
of Ivory, Was no more than a Piece of Ivory j and thirdly, for having
fpoke with Contempt of the Inquifition and its Minifters ; but above all,
for the blacknefs of my Intentions^ when I affirmed thefe feveral Things :
In confideration Whereof, I Was declared excoriimunicate ; and for Re
paration, my Goods and Chattels Were confifcared to the King's Ufe, and
myfelf banifhed from the Indies, and condemn'd to row in. the Partus
guefe Gallies for five Years, and alfo to fulfil the other Penances which
fhould be particularly enjoin 'd me by the Inquifitors.
Of thefe Punifhments, none was fo grievous to me as my being forced
to leave the Indies,, Where I had made a Refolution of travelling feveral
Years longer : However, this Reflection was fweetned, when I confi
dered that I was going to be releafed out of the Clutches of the In*
quifitors* My

Tfo Hiftory ^//^INQUISITION. ti r
My Confeflion of Faith being read, I returned to my Place, and made
my Advantage of the Advice my Turnkey had given me, not to refufe
the Bread which was offered me ; for as the Ceremony lafted the whole
Day, none of trie Criminals eat any thing that Day but in the Church..
After the Trials of thofe who were pardoned Were read, the Inquifi
tor left his Seat, in order to put on the Albe and the Stole; when being;
accorripanied with about twenty Priefts, each having a Switch in bis
Hand, he came into the Middle of the Church, where, after having faid
feveral Prayers, we were abfolved from the Excommunication, which it
was pretended we had incurred, by virtue of a Stroke on the Back,, which
thefePriefts gave to each of us with the Switch.
I cannot forbear relating a Circumftance, to fhew how grofly fuperfti
tious the Portuguefe are with regard to every thing that relates to the In
quifition ; which is, that during the Proceflion, and all the Time I con
tinued in the Church, my Godfather would never anfwer me, tho' I
fpoke feveral times to him, and befought him to give me a Pinch of
Snuff; which he refufed me for fear of being involved ia the fame Cen
fure with myfelf; but as foon as I was abfolved, he embraced me; gave
me Snuff, and told me he then looked upon me as his Brother, fince
the Church had loofed me.
This Ceremony being ended, and the Inquifitor returned to his Seat,,
the Prifoners who were to be burnt, were made to advance forward. There
were a Man, a Woman, and the Images of four Men deceafed', with the
Boxes in which their Bones wefe' laid :: The Man and Woman were
black Indians and Chriftians, accufed of Magick, and condemned as re
lapfed ; but in reality were no more Wizards than thofe who condemned
them. Of the four Images, two reprefented Men convicted of Magick, and
the other two, two Men, both New Chriftians, accufed of turning ,Jews-„
one whereof died in the Inquifition, and the other in his own Houfe,
and had been bury'd many Years before in his Parifh-Church.. However,
being accufed after his Death of embracing the Jewip Principles, as he
dy'd very rich, the Inquifitors had caufed his Body to be taken out of the
Grave, 'in order to burn his Bones in the Act of Faith. Hence 'tis plain*.
that the Inquifitors, like our Saviour himfelf,. exercife a Power over the
Living and the Dead.
The Trials of thefe unhappy Perfons. were read, which all ended with.
thefe Words, viz. That it not being in the Power of the Holy Office to
pardon them, becaufe of their relapfing into their Errors or. their Impeni tence.

; if m The Hiftory tfffa^K QU I S I T ION:
tence, and being indifpenfably. obliged to pup-ifh- them with the utmoft
Rigour of the Laws, they therefore delivered them, over tp the Flames.
While thefe laft Words were pronouncing, ' a Sergeant from the Secu
lar Powers advanced forward, arid' took Poffeflion of thefe unfortunate
Perfons, who before had been ftruck gently- on the "Breaft i>y the Al
caide, to fhew that they were abandoned by the Inquifitors. j .^.j ; . ,,
In this Manlier the Act of Faith ended ; and whilft. the condemned
Criminals were carry'd to the' River- fide, where the Viceroy [and his
Court were affembled, and where the Piles on which theywereto.be
burnt, had been prepared the Day before ; while thefe Things, I fay,
were doing," we were' carry'd back to Prifon, but without obferving any
Order as we walked.
Tho' I did not fee them executed, yet, as I had a full Account of it
from Perfons who had been prefent at feveral of thefe 'Executions, I fhall.
give a Defcription thereof in few Words. fi . , . L
When the condemned Prifoners are- cQming' to the. , Place where the
Lay-Judges'are aflembled, they are asked what ReUgion they .chufe tp
profefs at leaving, the .World ; but don't make the leaft mention* of their
Trial, which is; fuppofed to have been fair, , and' that they were very
juftly condemned ; theTriquifif ion being looked, upon as infallible. > ...-*
Having anfwered this only Queftion that- is asked them, the Execu
tioner lays hold of them, and ties them to Stakes*;, wbere they are firft.
ft'rangled, in cafe they die Chriftians /but in cafp. they, perfifi in, prp-
fefiing Judaifm or Herefy, they then" are burnt alive: However, this hap
pens fo rarely, that there is fcarce one Inftance of it in four Acts of
Faith, tho' feveral Perfons. generally fuffer on thQfe Occafions.
The Day after the Execution, the Pictures of the executed Criminals
are carry'd. into the Church of the Dominicans. Their Heads, only are
reprefented to theLife, ' with. Firebrands under them; with their Names,-.
thofe of their Fathers and their Country, and the Crime for which they
fuffered, with the Day of the Month, and Year of their Execution.
In cafe the Criminal had relapfed into this Guilt, the following! Words
are writ under his Picture, Morreo queimado por Hereje relapjbfi\.,e. that
he was" burnt as an Heretick relapfed. If he p'erfeyered'jn his Error, after
having been accufed but once, the Word's for Hereje contumas,are writ
ten under his Picture; but there are very few of thefe. . In fine, if after
having been accufed but once, by a fufficient Number of Witneffes, he
Derfifts in alferting his Innocence, and dies in .profeffing the Chriftian Re-
igion, then there is under his Picture, Morreo queimado por. Hereje con-
vittb

I
h

The Hiftory of the INQUISITION. 5-13
vitto negativo, i. e. he was burnt as a Heretic Convict, but did not con
fefs j and of the latter there are great Numbers. Now 'tis certain, that
out of an hundred who die as Negatives, ninety-nine are not only inno-
nocent of the Crime imputed to them, but chufe to die, rather than
falfly confefs themfelves guilty of a Crime. For 'tis not natural to fup
pofe, that was a Man fure to be pardoned in Cafe he would confefs, that
he would perfift in his Innocence, and chufe rather to be burnt than to
own a Truth, the Confeflion of which would five him.
Thefe terrible Portraits are hung up in the Nave, and over the great
Gate of the Church, as fo many illuftrious Trophies facred to the Glory
of the holy Office; and when this Side of the Church is filled, they alfo
croud the Wings near the Gate with them. In the great Church of
die Dominicans at Lisbon, which is not far from the Inquifition, there
are feveral hundred of thefe melancholy Paintings.
I was fo wearied and dejected at my Return from the Act of Faith,
that I was almoft as defirous of going back to my Cell, as I had been
a little before to come out of it.
My Godfather accompanied me to the Hall, and the Alcaide having
carried me into the Gallery, I went and fliut myfelf up whilft he was
looking after the reft. Being got in, I threw myfelf upon the Bed till
my Supper fhould be brought me, whieh confifted only of Bread and
Figgs, the Hurry of the Day not allowing the Officers to get any thing
elfe. I flept however, much better this Night than I had done for a
confiderable Time before ; but the Moment Day appeared, I was impa^
tient to know my Fate. About fix, the Alcaide bid me give him back
the Drefs I had worn in the Proceflion, which I willingly returned him?
and at the fame Time offered him the San benito, but he would not re
ceive it, I being to wear it on all Sundays and Feftivals till I had com
pleted my Sentence.
About feven, Breakfaft was brought me, and a little after I was order
ed to pack up my Things, and tp be in Readinefs againft my being called
out. I obey'd|this laft Order with all poffible Care and Difpatch ; v/hen
about nine a Turnkey open'd my Door, ordered me to take up my Bundle
upon my Shoulders, and to follow him to the great Hall, whither the
greateft Part of the Prifoners were already come.
Having ftaid fome Time here, I faw about twenty of my Fellow-pri-
foners, who had been fentenced to be whipt the Day before, which had
juft then, been executed upon them by the Hands of the common
Hangman, through all the Streets in the City. Being thus affembled,
Uuu the

j 14 The Hiftory ofthe I N QJJ I S I T I O N.
the Inquifitor came in, when we all fell on our Knees to receive his
Bleffing, after having kifs'd the Ground he walked upon. Orders were
afterwards given to fuch Blacks as had few or no Clothes, to carry thofe
pf the Whites. Such of the Prifoners as were not Chriftians, were im
mediately fent to the Places whither they had been condemned ; fome
pf them into Banifhment, others to the Gallies, or the Houfe where
Powder is made, called Cafa depolvera ; and the Chriftians, whether Blacks
or Whites, were carried to a Houfe hired for that Purpofe in the City,
there to be inftructed for fome Time.
The Blacks lay in the Parlours and Galleries, and the Whites were put
into a feparate Apartment, where we were confined all Night,, but had
Liberty to range the whole Houfe over in the Day Time, and to fpeak
with any Body. The Whites and Blacks were catechifed feparately every
Day, and Mafs was daily celebrated, at which we all aflifted, as alfo at
Morning and Evening Prayer.
During my Stay in this Houfe, I was vifited by a religious Domini
can my Friend, whom I had known at £)#*««», where he was Prior.-
The good Father, who was opprefled with Years and Sicknefs, no fooner
heard of my being fet at Liberty, but he immediately vifited me in a
Sedan. He bewailed my ill Fate with Tears and Embraces^ telling me
that he had been in great Terror for my fake ; that he frequently inquir
ed into the State of my Health,, and my Affairs^ of the Father, Procu
rator ofthe Prifoners, his Friend, and ofthe fame Order ; that he could
obtain no -Anfwer for a confiderable Time; and that at laft, after ma
ny Entreaties, all he could get out of him, was, that I was ftill alive.
The Sight of this good Friar gave me great Confolation, and the Ne-
ceflity I was under of leaving the Indies was a Trouble to us both.
He had the Humanity to vifit me feveral Times, when he requefted me
to return to the Indies as foon as I fhould be fet at Liberty, and fent me
Provifions of various Kinds for the Voyage, which otherwife I could ne
ver have procured.
After I had lived in this Houfe till the 23d oi January, we were a-
gain conducted into the Hall ofthe Inquifition, when each of us was
called in his Turn to the Board of the Holy Office, there to receive from
the Hands ofthe Inquifitor, a Paper containing the Penances to which
we were reflectively fentenced : I went thither in my Turn, when lay
ing my Hands on the Gofpels, I was ordered to kneel down, and to
promife not to reveal any of thofe Particulars, which had happened in
the Inquifition during; my Imprifoninent. a The

The Hiftory of the I N QU I S I T I O N. ns
The Judge afterwards gave me a Paper fign'd by himfelf, containing
.the Penance enjoined, and as it was fhort, I fhall tranfcribe it word for
Word. Lifi ofthe Penances enjoined, &c.
i. During the three Years to come, he fhall confefs and communicate:
The firft Year, every Month ; and the two following, at Eafier, Whit-
Jbntide, Chriftmas, and the Affumption of our Lady.
2. He fhall affift at Mafs and Sermons all Sundays and Eeflivals, in
cafe he has Opportunity for fo doing.
3. During the faid three Years, he fhalf daily repeat five Times the
Pater Nofter and Ave Maria, in honour of the five Wounds of our Sa
viour Chrift.
4. He fhall not engage-in Friendfhip with Heretics, or Perforis whofe
Faith is in the leaft fufpected, which may in any manner prejudice his
Salvation. 5. He fhall keep inviolably fecret, all he has either feen, faid, or
heard ; as alfo whatever has been tranfacted with himfelf, either at the
Board, or Other Places of the Holy Office. , Francifco Delgado e Matosi,

.-¦-¦-.. ¦;'•¦¦¦ > >

1 ' \
..1 ¦>:'t'iti.)

A DIS-

fi6

D I S C OURSE >
O N T H E
Practice of the Church in Antient Timesy
with regard to Heretics:
with •"' .
A Parallel between that and ihe Proceedings of the Inquifition in our
Days ; wherein the Juftice of the former, and the great Injuftice of the
latter, are clearly pewn: Written by a Roman Catholic, Author of
the Hiftorical Memoirs relating to the Inquifition.
TH E Spirit of Chrift Jefus and of his Church being a Spirit of
Charity, of Gentlenefs, and Moderation, that aims not at the
Death, but the Salvation of a Sinnei, nothing appears to be
more oppofite to it than the employing Force; Violence, Tortures, and
even Death, againft thofe who entertain fuch Notions as clafh with the
Purity of Doctrine, or the Precepts of the Gofpel. Befides, as the Power
of the Church is merely Spiritual in its own Nature, the Prelates thereof
are no ways impowered tot inflict Punifhment
The Keys which our Saviour has giveri to loofe and unloofe, have no
other Power than that of feparating ^Believers from the Communion of
the Church, in Things of an Ecclefiaftical and Spiritual Nature, and
not to deprive them either of Life, or their Temporal Poffeffions. Thus
we fee, that during the three Firft Ages of the Church, the Apoftles and
their Succeffors employed no other Methods than thofe of Exhortation,
Admonition, and Cenfure, in order to bring back fuch Chriftians as had
wander'd

A Tfifcourfe on Religious Profecutions. ^17
wander'd from the Paths of Faith; and in cafe they perfifted in their
Obftinaey, they contented themfelves with feparating them from their
Communion, agreeable to that Precept of St. Paul, Hcereticum hominem,
poft unam £? alteram correptionem devita. But no fooner were there
Emperors who profeffed the Chriftian Religion, but they laid it down
as a Duty incumbent on themfelves, not only for the Security of their
Government, but for the better Support of the Catholic Religion, of
which they were the Protectors, to enact Laws againft Heretics, and to
punifh them. The Bifhops never arrogated. this Authority, but addreffed'
themfelves fometimes to the Emperors, to defire that certain turbu
lent Heretics might either be punifhed, or a Stop put to their Proceed
ings by the Dread of Punifhment. But then, agreeable to' the Dictates
of the Gofpel, they took the utmoft Care not to fuffer Heretics to be
puniflied with Death ; and all they defired was, that they might be ef
fectual in reclaiming them from their Errors, but were not for having
them put to Death in a State of Impenitence. This they looked upon
widi fo much Horror, that notwithftanding the Prifiillianifts did, of all.
the Heretics, moft juftly deferve ;Death, ye.t the Church looked on thofe
Bifhops that had accufed them to Maximus the Emperor, who had con
demned them to die, as guilty of fo great a Crime ; that the reft of the Bi
fhops thought it incumbent on them to join no longer with them in Com
munion, nor with thofe who did not feparate themfelves from them. And
an antient Author, tho' he owns that the Prifcillianifis had been juftly pu
niflied, he yet cannot forbear looking upon their Condemnation, which
had been procured by certain Bifhops, as an Example of a very dange
rous Confequence ; Hi homines luce indignijfimi , peffimo exemplo nccati,
aut exilio mulBati. St. Aufiin himfelf fhews plainly enough in his'
Epiftle to Donatus Proconful oi Africa, that he was of the fame Opi
nion, when he declares to. him, that in cafe he ftill continued to put
the Donatifis to Death, the Bifhops were bound in Duty to conceal
them from him for the future.
Not but that Heretics may be reftrained by Temporal Punifhments ;
but here, as in all other Things, certain Regards muft be had, as well
as fome Rules followed : And hereupon it may be faid, that the Caufes
for which Heretics may be punifhed, are chi«fly reducible to Four.
The Firft is from a political Reafon, viz. for the Peace of the Go
vernment, in order to prevent and put a Stop to, or even curb, the Dif-
orders or Diflenfions, that are almoft infeparable from Difputes on Reli
gious Topicks, as is but too manifeft from Experience. The

5- x B ;4 Difcourfe Sn Relif fetfs iProfecutions.
The fecond Reafon is drawn from the Duty incumbent on a Chriftiaff
Prince, who is obliged to guard Religion with a vigilant Eye, and to
exert himfelf as much as .poffible to maintain it in its Purity. And as
this Purity is fullied by Herefies/' corrupt Opinions, and pernicious Ma
xims, a Prince muft not, when fhefe prevail, look upon them with an
Eye of Indifference ; but is bound to foot out every thing that may have
the leaft Tendency to deprave Religion, with the' fame Care and Cir-
cumfpectipn, as he employs to fee the Laws put in Execution.
The third Reafon for punifliing Heretics, is fometimes drawn froni
the Nature of thofe Herefies which* they profefs : For it is certain, that
there are fome who advance Principles of foblafphemous a Nature, and
entertain Notions fo highly injurious to the Divine Being," and the My-
fteries of Religion, that to tolerate, and not endeavour to ftipprefs them,
would be Injuftice. Can any thing be more equitable than to chaftife
feditious Spirits, when fhey difcourfe on 'Topics injurious to the Prince,
and obnoxious to the State'? Arid fhal.1 we fay, that the Divine Majefty
is to he lefs reflected than that of /Kings and- other earthly Governors ?
and that Men fhall witfrlmpiinity be fuffered to break out into contu
melious Expreffions againft the former, and at the fame time punifli
the licentious Difcourfes vented againft the latter with the utmoft Seve
rity ?
The laft Reafon why Hereticks may be proceeded againft with Rigour,
is not to force, but incline them, by the Fear and Dread of the Laws
and the Punifhments inflicted, to acknowledge the Truth, and to re.
turn to the Church which they had left. This would never once
enter into their Thoughts, were they not prevailed upon from a Defire o^
living in Peace, and to efcape thofe Punifhments to which Heretics are
fobject by the Laws. This. Reafon, which,/perhaps, may appear to be
the weakeft, did neverthelefs prevail fo far with St. Auftin, that it
friade him change the Opinion he had1 once entertain'd, with refpeet, to
the Punifhment of Heretics.,
If we examine the firft Reafon, it muft be. owned, that all fuch He
retics as break in upon the Peace of the State, and raife Seditions, may,
and often ought to be punifhed capitally, as their Practices are more or
iels prejudicial to the Tranquillity of the Government. Thus the Church-
in St. Auflhis Time, thought itfelf impowered to implore the Protection
of the Emperors againft the Donatifis ; and 'twas from the fame Prin-
ciple that thefe Monarchs, upon the Complaints made by the Church,
punifhed fome with pecuniary Mulcts, othe%Vith Banifhment, and
others

A. Difcourfe on Religious Profecutiong. 5-19
others again with Death: And :in all thfefe Proceedings they acted with
the higheft Juftice/ as is manifeft from Hiftory. *
, The fecond Reafon may juftly authorize a Prince to punifh Heretics.
St. Aufiin is of this Opinion, and therefore fpeaking of the Donatifis, he
lays, " The Tribune,: whomJthe Enapeiror has fent, ris not corrirnanded
" to put you to Death, but only to' reform you ; but in cafe you refolve
ct upon tbe contrary, and perfiff in your Obftinaey,: you fhall be fent
" into Exile, to the end that you may not hinder the reft from be-
" coming Converts, and recanting their erroneous Principles."
The third Reafon is but too fufficient to impower a Monarch to pu
nifh not only Heretics, but even Schifmatics, Heathens, and Jews, if
any fuch are in his Dominions. 'The Punifhments inflicted ought to be
either gentler or more fevere, proportionable tb the Flagrancy and Blaf
phemy of the Doctrine. Princes who were informed with a Spirit of
Piety, as is manifeft from the Exariiples ofthe Emperor Jufiin and St.
Lewis,* never fuffered Blafphemers to go unpunifhed : Since therefore,
according to the Divine Law, they ought to be puniflied capitally, it
-cannot be difputed, but that a Chriftian- Prince may in that Particular
regulate his Conduct by the Law of the Creator ; tho' at the fame time
it is certain, that he is at Liberty to punifh with a lefs fevere Hand, if he
thinks proper.
As to the fourth Reafon, viz: the bringing Heretics over to the
Church, either by a Dread of Punifhment, or from the Puriifhments
themfelves-, it muft: be owned, that when this is the only Reafon for
chaftifing them,, they ought to be proceeded againft with the utmoft Pru
dence and Circumfpection. For/' not to mention that a truly Chriftian
Prince does all that lies in his Power to prevent the Effufion of his
Subjects Blood' ; fo on the other Side,, the Converfion of Heretics, which
is the Thing aimed at, cannot be effected by thefe Means ; t for' when
once we have put a Heretic to Death, 'we thereby cut off all further
Hopes of his Converfion. On this Occafion therefore we are to employ
negative Punifhments rather than pofitive ones, if I may fo exprefs my
felf j i. e. they may be excluded the Enjoyment of thofe Honours, Dig
nities, and Privileges, which the Catholics enjoy; or fuch Burthens may
be laid upon them, and they may be bound to fuch Services, as the reft
are exempt from : Nay, farther/ th'eHPlaces where they meet together
for divine Worfhip may be taken from them ; they may be prohibited
the? public Exercife of their Religion, and their Paftors may be fent in
to Banifhment.' For as nothing contributes more to foment and keep
¦ •¦¦¦ up

5*io A difcourfe on Religious Profecutions.
up a Spirit of Schifm, and a Divifion rin Religion, than a Variety of
Worfhips, and the Diverfity of Affemblies and Paftors ; fo on the other
Side, nothing can poflibly weaken them more than to deprive them of
all thefe Advantages. This was the Conduct of the Chriftian Emperors
in St. Aujlin's Time; and the fame Saint, who acquaints us with this
Circumftance, approves and applauds it, and confeffes that the happy
Effects which had refulted from this Conduct obliged him to change his
Opinion, and to own that Heretics may, with great Juftice, as well as
Advantage to the State, be punifhed with Gentlenefs and Moderation,
provided their Converfion is the only Motive of fuch; a Procedure. But
how juft foever it may be to punifh Heretics on certain. Occafions, it is
- neverthelefs certain, that as to corporal and civil Punifhments, the Church
had nothing to do with them, but they were wholly inflicted by the
Prince and the fecular Magiftrate. Though we were to read an hundred
Times over all the old Collections of Canons, by which the Church fquared
her Conduct, for :Centuiles together, we yet fhall not nieetwithfo much
as one thaj inflicts corporal Punifhment, not. even on Eeclefiaftics, tho'
thefe in all : Ages have been, more immediately in Subordination to
the Church than" the Laity ; which is an indifputable Proof that the
Church was in thofe Days perfwaded fhe was invefted with no fuch Au
thority. This Authority or Power therefore in the firft Ages of the Church
with refpecttoHerefi.es, was confined only to Tenets ;' and this Power
has indeed been its peculiar Prerogative in all Ages. Princes and Civil
Magiftrates have never carried their Pretenfipns fo far; or in cafe they
happen to have done it, as Juftinian with regard to Origen, it has either
happened but very rarely, or in Execution of the Church's Decrees. And
if they- ever attempted any Thing of' this Nature from their own Au
thority, it was of no great Confequence, and very little Regard was paid
•thereunto, till fuch Time as it had received a Sanction from the final
Decifion of the Church.
Her Power extended indeed to the Condemnation of Heretics them
felves ; but then the Punifhments which fhe inflicted by Virtue of her
own Authority, went no further than the Excommunication of the
Laity, and the Excommunication and Depofition of the Clergy.
Whenever theChurch was perfuaded that weightier Punifhments were
neceflary for the reftrariiing of Heretics, or even fuch Catholics as were
ipcorrigible, fhe was fo far from ordering the Execution of them, that
on the contrary fhe always addreffed herfelf to Princes ^nd civil Magif trates

A Difcourfe on Religious Profecutions. fn
ftrates for that Purpofe. The antient Bifhops of Africa generally fol-
fow'd this Maxim, as is manifeft from feveral Teflimonies of St. Auftin:
Thus the Council oi Vernon decrees, that the King muft be addreffed in
order to inflict the Punifhment of Banifhment. The fame Thing is
enacted by the third Council of Tours, whenever civil and corporal Pu
nifhments are to be inflicted.
The Popes themfelves were once of the fame Opinion, tho' their pre
fent Conduct is fo oppofite to it. Pelagius I. enacts that Recourfe fhall
be had to the civil Magiftrate, to reftrain Heretics and Schifmatics : He
writes to this Purpofe to Narfies the Patrician, Commander of the Em
perors Forces in Italy ; and in his Letter to John the Patrician, hasWords
to the fame Effect.
Although Gregory IX. carried the Authority of the Church to a great
Length, he neverthelefs acknowledges that it belongs only to the civil
Magiftrate to impofe pecuniary Fines ; and Celefiin III. is of the fame
Opinion. And this is what obliged Alcuinus, notwithftanding he was a great
Stickler for the Authority of the Church in other Cafes, to own, that
there is this Difference between temporal and ecclefiaftical Power, viz,
that the former is wholly confined to the ^inflicting of corporal Punifh
ments, and the latter to fpiritual ones.
However, it muft ftill be own'd, that feveral Examples of confiderable
Antiquity might be brought, to prove that the Church has the Power of
inflicting bodily Punifhments.
The fifth Council of Rome, held under Pope Symmachus t condemns
a Clerk to Banifhment, and confifcates all his Goods.
Adrian V. ordains, that a falfe Accufer fhall have his Tongue cut
out; nay, that he fhall lofe his Head, in cafe his Accufation be of fo
heinous a Nature as to deferve it.
Urban IIL condemns a Clerk, who had counterfeited the Royal Sig
natures, to be\ depofed, fent into Banifhment, and ftigmatiz'd in the
Face. Alexander III. condemns all fuch Laymen as fhall have feduced and
drawn away Women and young Lads, to the Scourge, and pecuniary
Mulct : Not to mention many other Examples, which might doubtlefs
be quoted to ftrengthen the fame Aflertion.
But it may be objected, in the firft place, that the feveral Inftances a-
bove-mentioned, do not any way relate to Heretics. Secondly, that it is
token for granted in thefe Determinations-, that the ecclefiaftical Judges
Xxx had

Til A Difcourfe on Religious Profecutions.
had for that Purpofe received from Princes fpecial Power for inflicting:
civil Punifhments. And indeed Alexander III. manifeftly makes fuch a
Suppofition, in the Affair relating to the Bifhop oi Palermo, who had*
really a Power devolved on him by the King of Sicily, by Virtue of
which he enacted civil Punifhments, even with refpect to the Laity.
It may be farther faid, that thefe Decrees are made only to point out
to the civil Magiftrate the Punifhment that is due to the Crimes men
tioned in them; which however does no way infer that it is not their
proper Bufinefs to exercife thefe Punifhments againft fuch Criminals.
And this is the very Manner in which the Glofs itfelf explains the De
crees of Adrian V. and Urban III.
In a word, in what Senfe foever thefe particular Decrees are under
ftood, it isimpoffible for them to over-rule the Authority of the Fathers,.
who are all unanimoufly agreed, that the Jurifdiction of the Church is
wholly fpiritual, that fhe cannot make ufe. of Force, and1 that temporal-
Punifhments do. not. any way belong to her Province.
This, however, rs to be underftood ofthe Church, with regard to :
that Power alone, which fhe has received from our Saviour and his Apo
ftles ; for in thofe Places where fhe enjoys Sovereignty and temporal Au
thority, as in Rome, and^feveral other Places, It is not to be doubted but
that fhe enjoys the fame Rights. and Privileges, i and that they are as un
limited as thofe of other Sovereigns. ¦
From all that has beeri faid we may conclude, that nothing can pof-,
fibly be more oppofite to the Spirit and. Practice ofthe Church for up
wards of a thoufend Years, than what is now obferved in- thofe Coun
tries where the. Inquifition is eftabliffvdl
For upwards of fix hundred Years together, the Church behaved with
the utmoft Gentlenefs and Moderation towards all Heretics in general,;
and thofe in particular who never raifed any Commotions in the 'State, or
perfecuted the Catholics ; whereas in thofe Countries where the Inquifiti
on- prevails, they are now treated with the utmoft Rigctir and Severity,
die moft. ftrict Search is made after them, and the Profecution never
Ceafes fill they are quite extirpated. The utmoft Rigours of Imprifon
ment, Punifhments, Racks, Tortures, in all the various Shapes, are em
ploy'd againft them ; and fo inflexible ate the Profecutors in the Punifh
ments they inflict, that nothing can poflibly foften or alleviate the Seve
rity. And if the civil Magiftrate, whofe Afliftance they implore when
the Punifhment is capital, (which is ever the moft rigorous, fince' it is
no lefs than burning) fhould go about to mitigate it, he himfelf would be

A Difcourfe on Religious Profecutions. 5*15
be fufpected to favour Heretics, and would at leaft incur the moft ri
gorous Cenfures of the Church, and be entirely cut off from it by Excom
munication. In former Days the Church had neither Judges, Officers, Tribunals,
Prifons, Dungeons, Executioners, or Tortures ; the Spirit of Gentle-
nefs fhe then breathed, did not fuffer any Thing of this Nature fo much
as to enter into her Thoughts: She left all thofe terrible Things to the
Tribunal of Princes, and the civil Magiftrates, who are juftly impower
ed to imploy Compulfion, and who are frequently obliged to make ufe
of it for the Peace and Safety of Governments ; as alfo to reftrain the
Wicked, who would otherwife fancy they might indulge in all manner
of Licentioufnefs ; and to force them to be virtuous, at the leaft in out
ward Appearance, if they will not be fo in Reality.
But the Inquifition, on the contrary, is ever furrounded with all thefe
Objects of Terror, and employs them indifferently againft all Kinds of
Heretics, and againft all in general over whom its Authority extends,
though of never fo peaceable a Character, no lefs than againft the moft
feditious and turbulent Offenders.
Formerly the Bifhops and their Officers were the only Inquifitors j
and whenever it was neceffary to employ rigorous Penalties, and punifh
with Severity, they always addrefled themfelves to the civil Magiftrate
for that Purpofe, who in all Ages hath been invefted with that Right.
But in thofe Places where the Inquifition fubfifts, we find the very.
reverfe ; Biihops have but the leaft and moft inconfiderable Share in the
Profecution of Heretics, but are themfelves fubject to the Tribunal of the
Inquifitors. The Inquifitors are generally, and in moft Places, not only
Churchmen, but Monks ; whofe Profeflion is of a fevere Nature. As
for the Civil Magiftrate, how neceffary foever it may be for him to take
Cognizance of the Sentences they pronounce, they neverthelefs do not
communicate any thing of them to him ; and they have no more left
of the Authority they anciently enjoy'd, than to be mere Witneffes and
Executioners of fuch Sentences as are pronounced by the Inquifition, but
have no manner of Right to examine them.
Anciently it was the Cuftom to judge Heretics in the fame manner
as other Criminals; there was no manner of Difference in the Forma
lity, and the Methods of Procedure were exactly the fame ; they were
allowed the fame Means of defending themfelves, and of challenging or
excepting againft ; and an Opportunity of clearing themfelves was in
dulged them the feme as to other Criminals.
X x x 2 But

Si4> -^ Difcourfe on Religious Profecutions.
But in the Inquifition 'tis the direct contrary ; the Methods of Profei
cution are different, and the Formalities entirely new ; 'tis very eafy to
ruin a Perfon who ftands impeached, but very difficult to juftify one who-
is innocent. In former Days, whenever a Heretic repented of the Errors he was
fallen into, and fubmitted to the Penance and Correction of the Church,
he was always received into her Bofom, and reconciled to her with
But in the Inquifition, when once a Pardon has been granted, all
future Mercy is entirely cut off ; and whenever a Perfon has been fo un
happy as to come twice into its Clutches, the Crime is never expiated
but with Life.
In all Places, except thofe where the Inquifition prevails, Death puts
an End to all Profecution, and terminates all the Rigours that may he/
employ'd againft a Criminal.
But here it is quite otherwife ; the Profecution extends even beyond
Death, and the Inquifitors are as cruel to the painted Bones, the Afhes
and Images of the Criminal, as they would have been to their Perfons,,
bad not Death put an End to all their Torments. Time cannot obli
terate any Circumftance from the Memory of the Inquifitors, and they
fhall as well remember the feveral Particulars of a Crime a great many-
Years after its being committed, as tho' it had been perpetrated but a
few Days before. r
In other Countries, a Son who fhould have concealed his Father, after
whom Search was made in order to put him to Death, would not have
fiich an Action imputed to him for a Crime. A Wife who fhould fhelter
her Husband in a Cafe of imminent Danger, is not looked upon as Cri
minal ; fo far from it, that all thefe good Offices are confidered as ic*
many natural Duties, the Prohibition of which would be unjuft.
In thofe Countries where the inquifition prevails, all thefe Duties are
forbid ; and no fooner isa-Perfon fo unhappy as to be i'mpeach'd before
its Tribunal, but he is immediately abandoned by all. A Son does not
dare give Refuge to his Father, a Father to his Son, nor a Wife to her
Husband ; and if any one fhould be convicted of doing this, he would
immediately be profecuted by the Inquifition as one who favoured He
retics. In all other Places, any Pferfon who has been unjuftly accufed, has
fuffered falfe Imprifonment, or been undefervedly tortured, is allowed, to
publifh his Innocence to the World, and by that Means come off with
2 Honour ;

A Difcourfe on Religious Profecutions. sif
Honour ; he is left at Liberty to vent his Complaints, which are far from
being looked upon as a frefh Crime, that may empower a Court to call
him again to Account. On the contrary, the Judges themfelves gene
rally make no Difficulty to own they were impofed upon, and are the
firft to proclaim the Innocence of thofe who are really fo.
But in the Inquifition 'tis quite otherwife ; fuch Confeffions are never
made ¦; they never own a Miftake, are always in the Right, and that
every thing has been done as it ought to be. And if ever an innocent
Perfon, who has efeaped its Snares, fhould prefume to proclaim his Inno
cence to the World, and value himfelf upon it, he would certainly be
again arrefted, and afterwards punifhed for flandering the Holy Office.
Thefe Particulars would fcarce appear credible, efpecially ii England,
and the other Kingdoms whofe Inhabitants are not fubject to the Rigours
ef that Tribunal ; but thofe who have either inhabited or frequented
thofe Countries where the Inquifition is eftablifhed, are folly perfuaded
of the Truth of all that is here afferted. The very Inquifitors them
felves do not mince the Matter very much ; Prejudice and Cuftom have
fo far perfuaded them, that they are in the Right to act in this manner :
And on the other Side, they are of Opinion tis fo much their Intereft tb
be feared, and to over-awe every one, not excepting even Kings, that
they are very defirous thefe Things fhould be known, tho' at the fame
lime all that paffes in the Inquifition itfelf, is kept inviolably fecret.

A Supple-

$i6

A Supplement to, and Reflections on,
the foregoing DISCOURSE: Written
by the Author of Illuftrations of the Hiftorical
Memoirs, who was a Romanift alfo.
TH E Inquifition is a Subject of fo particular a Nature, that anyone
who attempts to write upon it with Impartiality, will find he has
undertaken a very difficult Province.
If we confider it with regard to its Origin, we fhall find fo many Per
fons of the greateft Character for their Holinefs, and the Practice of all
the Chriftian Virtues, among its Founders, that we can fcarce look upon
this Work of theirs as a Myftery of Iniquity, and calculated wholly for
the Ruin of the Virtuous. If we reflect farther, that the wifeft and moft
politick Kings have ftrenuoufly endeavoured to eftablifh it in all Parts of
their Dominions, tho* it leffened their Authority at the fame time, it
will induce us to think, that they were prompted to it from no other
Motives, than the Advantage they thought would accrue to true Religion.
Not to mention, that many of thofe who prefide over it, are Perfons
of the moft illuftrious Birth, and of fo unfullied a Reputation, that 'tis
almoft impoflible we fhould fufpect they could ever commit the vile and
unjuft Actions-, which this Tribunal is generally faid to be guilty of.
But then, if we view the fame Object in another Light, and enquire
into its tyrannical Proceedings, we muft neceflarily have the utmoft De
teftation for an Inftitution, which, upon the fpecious Pretext of imploy-
ing its Severities agairift Error, does at the fame time undermine the ve
ry Foundation of that Rejjgipn, for whofe. Sake it feems to have been
eftablifhed. Such a Cloud Vj6f Witneffes have given in their Evidence
with refpect to the Barbarity and 'Cruelty that is exercifed therein, that
'tis impoflible to challenge or except againft them all. Befides, a Perfon
who is ever fo little converfant in ancient Church-Hiftory, cannot but
exclaim againft an Order of Monks, who, laying afide all Humility and
Repentance,

A Supplement to the Preced ing Difcourfe. s i-i
Repentance, which ought to be their peculiar Characterifticks, arrogate
to themfelves a Power, not only over Kings, (who indeed as Laymen,
areas much expofed to the the Cenfures ofthe Church, with regard to
Spirituals, as the meaneft of their Subjects) but alfo over Bifhops, who
cannot with Juftice be judged by any but their Equals, in Matters re
lating to Doctrine. 'Tis impoflible but we muft be feized with the moft
melancholy Reflections, when we fee the Succeffors of the Apoftles
obliged to fubmit to a vile Set of Monks, or expofed to the Ignominy of
being loaded with Irons, and conftrained to anfwer, like fo many Cri
minals, to fuch Wretches as God never appointed them for Judges. The
Inquifition, when confidered in this Light,, lofes all that Appearance of
Piety which renders it fo venerable in the Eyes of a few, and that Au
thority which aftonifhes the greateft Part of Mankind. We then per
ceive plainly, that all thofe Princes who have endeavoured to eftablifh it
in their Dominions,, have been fecretly prompted to it by Perfons whofe
Intereft it was to advife them thereto, and to difguife the Confequences
which would refult from it ;. that they had- been rewarded upon that Ac
count, with the Patronage and Favour of the' Gourt of Rome, which at
that Time they ftood in need of ; in a Word,- that human Motives had
as much Share in it, as Zeal for the Purity of the Faith.
A great Number of Authors have employ'd their Pens againft this In-
ftitution. Some, in writing the Hiftory of the Albigenfes and Waldenfes^
have fet forth the Eftablifhment of the Jurifdiction- of the Holy Office,
in Colours conformable to the Prejudices of the Religion they had im
bibed ; others again have written Books exprefly on this Subject. We
may affirm in general, that none but the Flatterers of the Court of Rome,
have praifed, with any Pleafure, the bloody- Zeal of thofe Wretches, that
offer the Blood of Heretics fo a God, who defires only their Conver
fion; who holds it in his Hand, and fuffers Herefy to fubfift, purely to
draw good from it.
The Author of the Memoirs relating to the Inquifition- afferts very
juftly,, that Force,, Violence, Tortures, and fuch, like Methods, were ne
ver employ'd in the primitive Times, to bring back Heretics into the
Bofom of the Church. For notwithftanding that there have been in all
Ages,7Men-who were for perfecuting their Fellow- Creatures, and that the
orthodox Church has not always been fufficiently free from- this Leaven,
we may neverthelefs affirm, that nothing which could be compared with
the Inquifition, appeared till the twelfth Century. Tertullian, in the fe
cond Chapter of his Apology, addrefling himfelf to' the Heathens, fays

as

518 A Supplement to /&£ Preceding Difcourfe.
as follows : Since we cannot meet with any Man, who is defirous of be
ing honoured by Force, much lefs ought we to think that God delights
in an involuntary Homage. Man has a natural Right and a Power, to
worfhip whatfoever Object, he thinks fit ; and the Religion of one Man
does neither Good nor Harm to that of another. To oblige a Perfon to
embrace a Religion againft his Will, does not merit the Name of Reli
gion : It muft be received voluntarily, and not by Compulfion. St. Cy
prian likewife condemns all Conftraint in pofitive Terms; and even
points out this Difference between the Church under the antient Dif
penfation and that under the new, That whilft the Circumcifion
of the Flefh fubflfted, all fuch as difobey'd the Priefts were kill'd with
the Sword ; whereas fince the Time of the fpiritual Circumcifion, the
Proud and Refractory were kill'd only by the fpiritual Sword, whenever
they were cut off from the Church. Cardinal Bellarmine, who quotes
this Saint as though he had advifed the putting Heretics to Death, had
better not have made fo unjuft an Application of a Paffage, - wherein St.
Cyprian exhorts Sinners to fuffer Martyrdom for the Expiation of their
Sins. This Cardinal, by the way, was entirely devoted to the Opinions
of the Italians ; and his Prejudice made him turn feveral Paffages of the
Fathers, and the Scriptures, in fuch a Senfe as feemed favourable to the
Court of Rome : But were thofe Paffages to be read in the Original,
they would be found to bear a quite differerit Senfe. LaBantius carries
this Matter much farther, as we find by the twentieth Chapter of his fifth
Book. The Church was always actuated with this Spirit of Peace and
Gentlenefs, till fuch Time as the Emperors having embraced the Chrif
tian Religion, the Bifhops began to employ infenfibly the Authority
which Kings and Princes had given them^ to opprefs all fuch as refufed
to fubmit to the Jurifdiction ofthe Church: And the Moment they cea-
fed to be perfecuted, they themfelves became Perfecutors. At firft the
moft fevere Punifhment they inflicted upon Heretics, was to fend them
into Banifhment,; and Socrates relates in his Hiftory, that the Bifhops
ofthe Nicene Council only pronounced Anathema againft Arius and his
Followers ; and that the Emperor Confiantine banifhed Ariust Eufebius
of Nicomedia, and Theognis oiNice. However the above-mention'd Em
peror afterwards acted with great Severity, as may be feen in his Letter
tp the Bifhops and the People, wherein he iays, Whofoever pall be found
guilty of having concealed one qf Arms'* Books, inftead of throwing it into
the Fire, foal ! himfelf 'be put to Death. Sulpitius

A Supplement to the Preceding Difcourfe. s^9
Sulpitius Severus not only condemns the Procedure of thofe Bifhops
who prompted the Emperor to put Prifcillian to Death, but adds two
Circumftances that are not very favourable to the Inquifition. Firft, that
the putting this Man to Death, inftead of fuppreffing his Herefy, did, on
the contrary, ftrengthen it, and made it fpread the more ; for now his
Followers,- who had honour'd him as a Saint in his Life-time, began to
revere him as a Maryr after his Death. Secondly, that St. Martin,, fo far
from entertaining any fuch Sentiments, had been always urgent with I-
thacius to withdraw his Charge, and befought Maximus not to fried the
Blood of that unhappy Perfon. This holy Bifhop, as the above-cited
Hiftorian relates, thought it fufficient to drive all fuch Heretics out of
the Church, as had been condemned by an ecclefiaftical Sentence ; but
that it was a a new and unheard-of Crime, for a fecular Judge to take
Cognizance of any Caufes relating to the Church. The Reader might
probably think, that he employ'd thefe Words merely to favour eccle
fiaftical Jurifdiction, and to inveft the Bifhops with fuch an Authority
as the Emperor himfelf ought to have affumed ; but this holy Man had
no fuch Thought. The Emperor in thus perfecuting the Heretics, did
no more than execute the Sentence of a great Number of Biihops ; and
St. Martin was an utter Enemy to Compulfion. During his Refidence
at Triers, he ftopt all the Profecutions wherein Life was concerned, and
would not leave it, till Maximus had promifed him not to flied the
Blood of the Guilty. However, this Prince having been afterwards con.
tupted by Magnus and Rufus the Bifhops, and difluaded from thefe gen
tle Methods, referred the Caufe to Evodius the Prefect, who put to
Death Prifcillian, Feliciffimus, Armenius, Latronianus, and Euchro-
chia, contrary to the Promife he had made the holy Bifhops. Some o^.
thers alfo fuffered Death, and tis on this Occafion that the Hiftorian
makes Ufe of thofe Words quoted by our Author.
The Caufes for which Heretics may be punifhed are reduced chiefly
to four. The firft which our Author mentions is drawn from a political
Motive of preferving the State in Peace. 'Tis certain that this ought to
be the grand Object of Policy ; and that all fuch Methods as tend to it
are allowable, when it is impoflible to obtain it by any other means ;
Jalus popuh fuprema lex efto. All Laws ought to center there. But a-
mong Heretics, fuch are to be diftinguifli'd, whofe Opinions or Actions
are a Prejudice to the public Tranquility. There is no room to doubt
but the civil Magiftrate may punifh fuch as thefe, without being follicit-
ed by the Church to do it. Thus when the Anabaptifts took up Arms,
Yyy "feiz'd

530 A Supplement to the Preceding Difcourfe.
feiz'd upon Munfter, and fet up a Kingdorfi in that Place in'Oppofition
to the lawful Sovereign, they became guilty, and merited the Havoc that
was made among them ; not for their erroneous Principles, but for ha
ving been found in Arms, and for endeavouring to difturb the Tranqui
lity ofthe Governmen. But when this Sect, laying afide their enthu-
fiaftic Fury, contented themfelves with worshipping God in fuch a man
ner as they thought would be moft agreeable to him ; obferving at the
fame Time to live in Obedience to the Laws of the Country, and con
fining themfelves to the Cares of their refpective Families ; the Autho
rity of punifhing an Anabaptift for his private Opinions immediately cea-
fed, and the true Church has no farther Power over them than to em
ploy Exhortation, kind Arguments, or, at moft, Excommunication.
The fecond Reafon Which the Author gives agrees very ill with the
practical Doctrine of St. Martin. The fame Hiftorian, who informs
us how much that Saint oppofed the putting of Prifcillian to Death, and
who applauds him for it, does neverthelefs take Notice at the fame
Time, that this Herefiarch was found guilty of Sorcery in two Exami
nations ; that he did not deny his having imbib'd impure Doctrines ;
that he had held nocturnal Affemblies, in which feveral lend Women
were prefent ; and that he had faid Prayers in it, being ftark naked.
Nothing could poflibly be more oppofite to that Purity, which the Gof
pel requires in all who receive it •, and according to the Rule laid down
in the Memoirs, Maximus was obliged to punifh fuch as abufed Religion
in this Manner, and made it a Cloke to their ignominious Paflions. And
yet we fee here at the fame Time, an illuftrious Saint, the Apoftle of
France, ftanding between, the Emperor and them, and oppoflng their
Punifliment. The third Reafon is fpecious indeed ; neverthelefs upon this Pretence
of preventing the Creator's being difhonour'd by blafphemous Tenets,
we thereby open a Door to infinite Perfecutions. The Fathers of the
Nicene Council treated Arius as a Blafphemer, becaufe he denied the
Confubftantiality of the Word. He, on the other Side, accufed them
of believing in three Gods, and in deftroying the Unity of the Godhead^
which certainly would be blafphemy. Now, according to the Maxim
of the Memoirs, Confiantine had Authority to punifh the Arians, who
denied the Divinity of our Saviour; but then, when one of his Succeffors
declared for Arius, if he did this with Sincerity, he muft neceffarily think
that the Confumftantialifts committed Blafphemy, and that he was bound
in Duty to punifh them. This Duty muft naturally refult from the O-
pinion

A Supplement, to the Preceding Difcourfe. j-gi
pinion he had of his being in the right. When Julian was for reftoring
Heathenifm, he undoubtedly believed that 'twas a more pure kind of
Worfhip than that of our Saviour ; and was it juft he fliould therefore
force the whole Univerfe to return back to Paganifm ? Shall it be affert
ed that fuch a Zeal is lawful in thofe only who defend the Truth ? But
the Anfwer to this is, that every one thinks himfelf in the right. The
Moment you allow it to be lawful to put Heretics to Death, you ac-
quiefce in the Condemnation of all who do not think juft as they do.
The Word Heretic is fo much abufed, that it is made to fignify nothing
at all. The moft extravagant Sectaries look upon all as Heretics, who
do not allow of their idle Dreams; and in Confequence of this, have a
Right to perfecute fuch as do not favour their Tenets. If the Prince is,
allowed to treat fuch of his Subjects ill as he thinks Heretics, and that
only becaufe they entertain certain Opinions with refpect to Religion that
clafh with his, he himfelf is as much a Heretic with regard to them ;
and a People who are thus prejudiced, will eafily prefer to him another
Prince, who is of the fame Principles with themfelves. Nor will they
fail to do it, if at the fame Time that he differs from them in Opinion,
he perfecutes them with Severity.
The laft Reafon is as weak as the reft. I am even afraid, that the
Author of thefe Memoirs underftands the Meaning of thefe Words as
little as I myfelf do. Heretics may be proceeded againft with Rigour,
not, fays he, to compel them, but in order to incline them, by the Fear and
Dread ofthe Laws, to return to the Church which they had left. I don't
perceive the Difference he finds between forcing, and inclining a Perfon
' to any Thing, by the Dread of Laws and Punifhments. We have al
ready feen by the Execution of Prifcillian, as related by Sulpitius Seve
rus, that it is not fitting to employ Severity and Rigour to extirpate He
refies. No Perfon is induced to enlighten his Mind by the Dread ofthe
Laws ; fo far from it, we find that in all thofe Countries where the In
quifition is eftablifhed, every one is afraid of knowing too much. There,
when a Layman is feen to enquire afliduoufly into 'his Religion, he be
comes immediately fufpected ; and as it is of dangerous Confequence to
a Perfon to be knowing, in cafe they have but the leaft Sufpicion that he
has imbib'd fewer Prejudices than the common People, the Confequence
of this will be, that this Man, to preferve himfelf from Ruin, fhall act
the Part of a Hypocrite, and mask himfelf; but will immediately throw
it off, the Moment he thinks himfelf out of the Reach of the Inquifi
tors. When once an Italian gets fafe to London, Florence, Paris, Lif-
Y y y 2 bon,

S 3 1 A Supplement to the Preceding Difcourfe.
bon, or Amfierdam, he becomes quite another Creature. This wretched
Policy has produced a great Number of Athiefts, who look upon Religion
as no other than a mere Contrivance of the Court of Rome ; and who,
for Fear of being one Day convicted of Unbelief, write, in order to fereen
themfelves, upon the Immortality of the Soul, and on other Subjects
which they believe nothing of ; and all this only, (iri cafe they fhould
happen to be perfecuted upon that Account) that they may make ufe
of this a Handle, in order to prove that they have done their utmoft to
demonftrate thofe very Things which they are accufed of denying. The
Parallel between the Practice ofthe antient Church, and that of the In
quifitors with refpect to Heretics, is excellently drawn ; tis feandalous
for the Inquifition to difpenfe with thofe Laws, which Juftice, Huma
nity, and the Principles of Chriftianity have prefcribed to all Tribunals
in general.

F I N I S.

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