YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS.
h> .
SP'*
The Fourth Volume of the Holbein Society's Publications is
in a forward state, and will be ready at the end of the present
year, 1870. It is entitled
THE FOUR FOUNTAINS OF ALCIAT'S EMBLEMS.
CONTAINING
I. An Account pf the First Collection of Emblems. Milan,
1522.
II. Facsimile Reprints by Photo-lithography, — of Steyner's
Augsburg Edition, 1531 ; of
III. WechePs Paris Edition, 1534; and of
IV. The Venice Edition, by the Aldi, 1546.
The above will be followed by the whole of the Emblems,
viz. 211, each with a woodcut and rich border, as given in the
Lyons Edition of 155 1.

N.B. — The Yearly Subscription is One Guinea, payable to
Mr. Alfred Brothers, 14, St. Anne's Square, Manchester.

November 2, 1870.

Cije Holbein g>octetp.

COUNCIL.

SIR WILLIAM STIRLING-MAXWELL,- Bart., President.
HENRY YATES THOMPSON, Vice-President.
ALFRED BROTHERS, F.R.A.S.
JAMES CROSTON, Honorary Secretary.
REV. HENRY GREEN, M.A., Editor.
WILLIAM HARRISON, F.S.A.
WILLIAM LANGTON..
G. W. NAPIER.

.T.

Mirrovr of Maiestie

THE BADGES OF HONO'VR
Conceitedly Emblazoned. i
.A PHOTO-LITH FACSIMILE REPRINT
From Mr. Corsei' 's perfect Copy.
a.d. 1618.

. EDITED BY
HENRY GREEN, M.A., and JAMES CROSTON.

mmm

9Misitt fot fljc JtsolIiEln Soclcts is
A. BROTHERS, St. Ann's Square, Manchestci-; and
TRUBNER & CO., Paternoster Row, London.
-M.DCCC.LXX.

To
The Rev. Thomas Corser, M.A; F.S.A. &c.
Vicar of Stand, Lancashire,
IN ADMIRATION
Of his high Scholarship in.the old English Literature,
and
Of the marvellous Liberality with -which he has communicated
of his skilfully gathered Treasures:
FROM THE EDITORS
of the Mirrovr of Maiestie.
M.DCCC.LXX.

JP^ ysff jg

m3\~ki^*A

His
S*B*^to^EZ
win) \&f&
ESI
US
Ss
PREFACE.
HE Mirrovrof Maiestie
itself and the Photolith
Plates annexed for illus
tration, supply good ex
amples of the proper
office of the Photogra
pher, as an artist in
fac-simile reprints. The
Arms and Emblems of
this work, as well as the letter-press, were, at first,
in 1618, of defective execution, without finish in
the woodcuts, and -without sharpness or shapeliness
in the type. Such faults might be urged as«reasons
for not reproducing the volume ; but then its ex
treme rarity and the nature of its contents plead in
b
vi PREFACE.
behalf of making the possession of a copy attainable
at a moderate price.*
Shall the work be sent out honestly in its
original homeliness? or shall meretricious graces
be imparted to it by the hands of skilled engravers
and typefounders ? Let those who prefer it adopt
the latter course, and as Pope did with Chaucer, let
them modernize a Wife of Bath, and, despoiling
her of her old-fashioned simplicity, bring to a too
prurient fancy the questionable aid of a more
mellifluous versification. Chaucer in his ancient
roughness is far better than Pope in his modern
polish. The function of the photographer is not to coax
natural blemishes into artificial beauties, nor to
touch up antiquity and bestow an adventitious
value on works of old ; but with all exactness
and care to set forth those works as they existed
in the former days. He is indeed to seek out the
best possible exemplars, and to bestow his highest
skill on the fac-simile copy, occasionally concealing
gross delineation by the transference of a more
* The copy from which our fac-simile was taken obtained by auction the
high price of ^36.

PREFACE. vii
delicate design, and where lines or borders are
evidently broken, restoring what once certainly
existed ; but he is not to use the appliances of
modern art to elaborate a finished picture ; the
truthful reproduction ought to be -his chief aim, —
indeed his pride.
For want of bearing this principle in mind,
some critics, otherwise well qualified, have widely
erred by condemning as blemishes the truthful
delineations which photo-lithography has presented
of the engraver's and typographer's art in bygone
times. Accuracy we hold to be essential to
whatever claims approval as a fac-simile copy. It
would often be very easy to surpass the original, —
to aim at a higher style of art, and to give letter
press of a very superior character. For instance,
in the illustrative plates, Nos. i and 16, the designs
and the drawings might be considerably improved
by the free employment of the graver's tools ; and
in plates 36-40, the much-worn letter-press of the
original might have been set up in newest and
sharpest type ; but so to surpass would be to
mislead. In fact, it would be unfair towards the
Members of our Society, and towards literary men
in general, who suppose that in our volume there

viii PREFACE.
has been supplied to them an exact reprint, truthful
in letter and in line.
We heed not, then, those who in the spirit of
insufficient knowledge thus criticise our photo
lithography ; they do it, we doubt not, chiefly in
their pride of admiration and love for the beautiful,
and not through any superfluity of naughtiness
towards our enterprise.
Our plan is to endeavour to obtain the best
exemplars, and where practicable, as it often is,
several of them, that the defects of one may be
supplied by the excellencies of the others. With
these exemplars the photo-lithographic proofs are
closely compared, and unless the workmanship be
good and skilful, other proofs are taken before the
editors give forth the imprimatur. By following
such a plan, it is not without hope of approval that
we commend the Third of our Holbein Society's
fac-simile reprints to the subscribers and to the
public.
H. G. & J. C.
Manchester, Nov. i, 1870.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Title-page and Dedication for the Fac-simile Reprint i — iv
Preface  v— viii
Table of Contents, &c  ix— xii
The Mirrovr of Maiestie, of the Badges of Honovr,
viz. —
Title-page.
A Catalogve of those names vnto whom this worke
is appropriated. }• PP- 4
Dedication To those Noble Personages rancked
in the Catalogve.
Arms and Emblems  1-63
Forty Photo-lith Fac-simile Plates in Illustration, num
bered 1 — 40  ;  PP- 3 2

INTRODUCTION.
I. A Brief Review of English Emblem-books pre
vious to a.d. 16 18, and of the Mirrovr of Maiestie
itself  65-96
II. Annotations on the Armorial Bearings and Noble
Personages  97-1 59
III. Notices of similar Works, and especially of those
from which the Illustrated Plates have -flDeen
taken  160-174
General Index  1 7 5*-l8°

THE
MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE,
AND
Forty
PHOTO-LITH FAC-SIMILE PLATES
in Illustration
of the Mirrovr of Maiestie.

M.DCCCLXX.

\L H E
MIRRO VR
OF
MAIESTIE- OR,
THE BADGES OF HONOVR
CONCEITEDLY EMBLAZONED;
WITH
EMBLEMES ANNEXED,
POETICALLY VNJQtpED,

. Nec bit Plebecula gastZUt.

London,
Printcdbyff. /« i$i8

Si> A CATALOGVE OF
THOSE NAMES VNTO WHOM
thisworke is appropriated.
THE Kings Maiefiie.
TheQgeene.
The Prince.
The Lord Arcb-Bifyopofc&nterburie.
The Lord chancellor.
The Lord Treafurer.
The Lord Prime Scale.
The Lord Admirall.
ihe Duke of Lenox.
The Marque (fe ofBuckinghame.
The Lordchamherhinc.
The Earlc of Arundel.
The^Earle ofSoutb-hampton.
Tile farle of Hen ford.
jhsEarleofEjfexThe Earle of Dorjct-
The Earle ofMoantgomerie.
The Vifcoitnt life.
The Vtj count Wallingford.
TheBtfhof of L avion.
TU Bifhap ofw'Mchefier.,
TheBifJiopofEljkT^eLordZouch. 'jheLordwnttfer,The Lord ivemroonh.
The Lord Dante.
The Lord met ton.
The Lord Stanhope.
The Lord Catew.
The Lord Hay.
tfhe Lord chief e tuft he of the Kings-Bench.
The Lord Chief e Iufticeofthe Common -Pleas.
The Lordchiefe Baron of the Exchtaquen.
FINIS*

TO THOSE NOBLE
Pcrfonagcs rancked in the
CATALOGVE.
\/| Tfcebttr Mufe farre too too loeake to fngy
Hdsgotyour Honours on berflaggrin g wing,
And borne them to the loftieSi pitch /he may .
Therefore (fubmisfiue) (he dos humbly pray,
Thafwben her tongue reeles^or Inuemion hmits*
Tour Fauouts will giue crutches to her faults.

Your Lordships ia
all Uutifuti obferuwcis,

Hi G*

To Thi Kino.

THofe ("mighty Soueraigne) are your Graces text,.
Right King of Heralds, not to any,next :
You might their myfiicke learning blazon beft>
But you referueyour knowledge vnexpreft :
As being moft;peculiar to you :
And yet becaufe the people may allow
That which concernes your felfc ; Let me to them
Vnlocke the value of this prizeleflelem :
The Lyons trebled thus, may reprefent
Your equal! fitnes for the Regiment
Of thisfaire Monarchic : Brktaine then
Which euer ha's bin ftuft with valiant men.
May fitteftbearca Lyon3vrg'd to fpoile:
Your Irifh Kemes.who neuer vs'di to toyle,
Are in msixfher-fuddedHarpe explaih'd,
Thefe Splendent Beauties limm d by Natures hand,
By grace of Ancient Kings, made Royall flow'rs,
ButDQW thrice Royall made,by being Youtg.
B

a.
EMBLBME I

WHy be thefe marfhal'd equall, as you fee i
Are they dif-rankt,or not? No: they mould be
Thusplacd: for Common-weales doe tottering ftand,
Not vnder-propt thus by the mutuall hand
0£Ri»gand Prieft 3by Gods and humane lawes :
Divine affiftance moft effe&uall drawcs
Kings to confeflc^hat t'heav'n they homage owe;
Which confequently leadsaKing.to knowe,
That, that Ambition' shy dcad,Embers fir'd,
Which ha's no beyond earth to heav'n afpird:
Earth can but make a King of earth partaker,
But Knowledge makes him neereft like his maker.
For mans meere power not built on Wifdomes forr,
Do s rather pluck downe kingdomes than fuppoit.
Pcrfedtlymixt,' thus Power and Knowledge moue
About thy iuft defignes,enfphcar d with lope-,
Which (as a glaffe)ferueneighbour-I<mgs3tofce
How belt to follow, though not equal! thee.

EMBLEME %

SEated on this ihtee-headed ' Mountaint high3
Which reprcients Great Brytaines Monarchic ',
Thus ftand Ifurnifhttentertaine thenoife:
Of thronging clamours, with an. equal! poyle :
And thus addreft to giuc a conftant weight
To formall (hewes, ofrertue, or Deceit :
Thusami'dwith/\jn>y topunnifli 01 protect,
When 1 haue wcigh'd each fcruple and defedt :
Thus plentifully rich in parts and place
Togiue Aboundancei or a pooredifgracei
But, howtomajcethefciniuft circle mOiie,
Heav'n crownes my head with wifedotne from abouc.
Thus Merit on each part, to whom 'tis due,
With God-Iike power di/burfed is by you.

To>Tbe Qyntfuv.

OF all proportions (Madamjdiuers dare
Conclude thatabfolute,which is moft fquarei
Well may they proue that Theoreme ; for I know
Square Bodies doe the moft perfe&ionfhaw :
Perfection ftill cbnfifting in this beft,
To ftand more (ore,the more it is fuppreft.
Which fpeciaiivertue chiefly doth belong
Vnto-fquare bodies, or right do's them wrong :
Your Scutchion therefbre,and the Honours due,
May conftantly fupport your Worth and You s
Whofc life's drawne outfvnfbild with fubie&s hatej
By fuch a Samplar, none can imitate.

EMBLEMS 3.

H Ere aboue number, doth one wonder (itj
But 0/wr,yet in her owne, an infinit :
Being fitnply rare, noSecond can fhebeare, .
Two Stones were neuer fcene ftalke jn one Spheare.
From old Elizas Vrne, enrichtwith lire
Of glorious wonders , did your worth fufpire .•
So muft, from your dead Hfe-infufing flames
Your Multiplj/ed-feffe rife thettce the Same:
She whofe faire Memories, by Thtfjfian Swaines
Arefung, on shows greene banks, and flowrieplainef.
Thus Time alternates in its {ingle tumes;
One pb&nix borne, another Phanix burnes.
Your rare worths (matchlefle Queene^ in you alone
Liue free, vnparalle'd, entirely One*
B3

ToThb PaiNcs.

YOur Princedome s Enfigne herefRight-Royall Sir)
May pinionyour vp-lbaring thoughts,. and ftirre
Them to a pitch of loftier eminence,
T hen can beteached by bafey ulgar fenfe.
Thefe' Plumes (charact'redliuely jfignifie
Valour 'in warre, ioyh'd with <velocitie.
The blacke Priricfe (bearing Plumes) approUes this true,
When through the French he like pirigd- lightning flue,.
And pull'd downe Hues about him to the ground,
Till he himfelfe with death had cfrcled round:
His very looke did threaten publicke death :
With every ftroke fell from him, fled a breath.
Arm'd in the confidence of his iuft caufe,
Thus freely fearelefle his foes overthrowes.
Thofe hjgh-borne a£ts* which from his valour flue,
With new-additions are imprefi't in you.

EMBLEME 4

\ 7\/Hen Pe*ce (fufpeding he would warre inferre,)
? ? Tooke Henry hGnce, to Hue aboue with her,
She bade IouesBird returnefroms quicke convoy
Oi his faire foule, left in Heav'nslaftingloy,
And mildly offer to your Princely hands,
This Emblcmt of fbft Peace and warlike bands t
Both vvhichf vfd rightly)their large cares extend
To gaine o're others s and their orcne defend.
Though a)' briglit Honours did their Beauties fhroud
lin his £«-///>/<$like Phoebus in a cloud:
Yet at your Rifing,they more cleare againe
Peeptforth, like Sun-mine ifter clouds and raine.
And in your xconh their worthinefle difplayes
To woithieft Princes $os the Sun hisrayes.
&4

TO Th8 ArCH-*ISHOP Os CaNTERBYRY.

H

O w well thefe facred Ornaments become
Qnc,who by earth walkes t'his ccleftiall home
The stage of Comfort this,ro leane vpon,
This,/W/ of peace s thzk frojfes vndergone?
How cafiiy good men f knowne well by this^ -
Lod^c at the Inne of their eternal! Bliffc :
TheTe Fruits, are workes,from Boumy fpringingfound»
Perfuming Heau'n, & with Hcau'ns bounties crown'd:
T * hefe (hadow'd fruits^ but by a fi gure, tyew
The loyes ofRaradi/e prepar'd for you ;
Saile thither with good fneedc then , yet make flay*
Good Angels $mdc> ou3 yare frh Abbots way •

E MB LEME$.

"Hefe Hands connext, engird Religion ,
Deciphririg th'holy Concords vnifon,
Of faiths Fuji harmony : thhjpinypale
Sharpeconflicb are,who ftill the Truth afT|ilc 5
This Heart she c£/w^is,th'ho!y Ghofi being Center,
Affliftionsraay furround,but cannot enter.
You are the prime linke of this manual ehnine,
Whereby Religion do's its ftrengchmaintaine:
Oimay the BeuerenA Reft to you fticke fafty
That Truth ('though long)yet conquer may at laft.

10.

To Tha Lord Ckanchilor.

"He North and Southern* Poles, the two n* x"d Starrer
Of wortn and digriicie, which all iuft warres,
Should ftiH.rnaintaine,together: be here met
And inyour felfe a$ in your Scutchion fet :
The hdfe Moon* 'twixt,threatensas yet no change,
Or if fhe doe, fhe promifes to range,
TiU fhe again erecouer what fhe loft :
Your endieffe tame, (Co) gaines your Bounties coft.

ir.

EMBLEME 6.

NEuer fhould any thinkc bimfelfe fo fiire
Of friends affiftance,that he dares procure
New enemies: forvnprouok'd they will
Spring out offbrg'djOrcaufelcfle maike ftill,
Elfc, why fhould this poore creature be purfu'd,
Too flmplc ro offend,a beaft fb rude.
Therefore prouide -/lor malice danger brings)
Houfc-roometo find vnder an Eagles v/ings.
Youare this £<<j;/<r,whcih ore-lhades the fyeefe
Purfii'de by humane woliteS, and fafe doth kcepc
The poore mans honeft,though might- wronged caufe,
From being crufhed by opprcfEons pawes.
Faire Pott you are, where euery Goodmffe Andes
Safe fhclrcr from iv/o\neGreatneffre) ftubborne winds
Eager to drench it : but that fearelcffe reft
Dwels in your harbour,toall good diftrcft,
I bid notyou pi ouidc,you are compleate,
The good for to prote6t,or bad ^create.
C 2

It*

To Thi Lor© Tri as vaia.

VTO ur F^hie Ctefent might to fome (whofe lips
•* Speake ignorance^ portend a blacke Ecclipfe';
I rather thus difcerne, how Time would fhroud
Your radiant Grcjcent in afdU Cloud :
And hold thofe en uious,ignorant, or dull,
That cannot&e,y our Crefcent growing fuU.

*3.
EMBLEME 7,

I npHe carefull States-mm^ho the Key doth carie
¦* Of a a Kings Treafttrfjnufk not (partial^ varie:
But to iuft caufescompafle ftill be ti'de :
For luftke(vniu(k fhutting)opens wide,
And lets in hard Opinion, todifgrace
I lis boueraignesfelfe',h\s Perfon&hd his place.
| Nor muft he carelcfle flumbcr .• but th us kcepe
Hislids vnfhut'Vp by fofc-fiagrcd sleep :
And hold a Counfell with the faddcft how-res
Of iilent Might : and fpcnd his pureft powers
In care,to render to whom dues belong,
That Subi>Hs may haue right,and Kings no wrong.
Butyou(Great Lord)beare vp this wughtof Trust.
With a moft eafe Care,becaufe moft hft.
C 1

14*
To ThrL©k» Privy Seals.

THofe dref sings that adorne both farts of Nature^
Firft .isexpreft in this Maieftiike Creature:
Next ,in thefe Flewres of Light both which prcfcnc
YomHcncurs at full height of complement.
And Clearnefawhich funnes through your 'noble Bleed.
Mixt with this two fold tinftufc,Grw*and Good;
What s here but fhadow'd then, by outward kind,
Eedvxkcs the tnnet Roemes oi y dnr braue mind.

EMBLEMS 12.

\7\7Hen erethoudraw'ft outthy reuenging rod,
* * Let be for Gountrey&nd the w#/£ of God:
Elfe thy Oblations-wiilfhy curfcs be,
.When thou cncountreft with thine enemy.
Nor is it facrifice that can appcafe
Gods wrath,vnlefle the mans obedience pleafc
More then his' offering : for if his dull heart
Thinkes heinmchethGod in any part,.
By offering Hecatcmbsfie loofeth art :
Nay further yet,bc gtues afvord with all ,
To Heauh-s high luftice, by inuoking downe
Reuenge, in lieu of Guerdon, or aCrenne.
Such as were facrifices once, fuch bee
Our prayers itiW,and' our true Sanctities
Which is your In-rriate,and famjliar eueft,
More clearely fecnc in You,then here expreft.

To Ths Lord Admiraie.

"S7 Out fable mttllet like a Starre in ¦£/<*<¦£¦*,
A Shewes what our honour d Ad mirall doth lacke:
And fhewes as if that Starre ofEffinghant,
Were thus bemourn d in abriere Epigram :
This may your Pple-fmrre he,moft noble Lord,
And guide you ynto that (fo much abhorr'd,)
The mournfull,yet theblefTed,Porcof death,
Blowne by the prayers of all good mens breath*

1%
EMBLEMS p.

SV ppofe a Globe were faft'ned in the skic,
With cordcs depending on it quarterly,
And men fhould ftriue by violence to wrcft
That cordage to what crooked forme they lift,
All wife men would co'nceiue them madly bent,
Why fhould they clfe impoflibles attempt .?
And we may rhinke it as abfurd a drift
In him,whocraftily fhall hope to fhiit
When Fate for bids, him ,or fhall hope to thwart
The good intentions of an honeft heart.
For that which heau'n dire-fts fall ages fee,!
May -iniured, but not diuertcd be.
Seeke then no flirt hcr,honeft meanings can
Make zplawemwik beft Policy in man*
D

i3.
To The Dvke Of Ljnox.

"yy^Hat neede I further ftriue to amplific
Your high-borne worths,and noble dignitie:
Then by thefe beautious jtowres^hich declare;
Your mind's faire puritie, vnftain'd,and bare :
Thefe golden Buckles bordring them about,
A Palizado,to keepe Foulenefle out.

EMBLEME lo.

THe Wolfe and Lyon once together met,
Andby agreement they their purpofe fet
To hunt together : when they had obtainde
Their bootielong purfude,the Wolfe refrainde
No more then formerly ,trom grcedinefTe :
The Lyon apprehending, that much lefTc
Might fatisfie a beaft no bigger growne,
Thought alt the purchafe rather was his owne:
And thought fuppreffion of a beaft fobafe
Was Infiice, to preferue the common race
Of harmlefle beafls j then fpeedily he teares
Themlfe,to takeaway their vfuall feares;
Eu'n thus when our great Monarch clearely faw,
How that mfafatcwolfe o^Romc did draw
More riches to his cof&rs,then deare foules
To Heau'n, he like this Lyon then controules
His vfurpaHon,deeming him a flaue,
Who more intended to deuoure, thenfatfc-
But you know befttofollow, in free courfe,
TheBeftin beftthings5and pafleby chewosfe
Ds

39.

To TH& MARQ.V?SSfc Of BvCRINGHAM,

A LL that we fee is comely ^and delights
•** The eyes j which ftill are pleas'd with pretious
And (as your golden ScaUops)You appeare - (fights:
To promite (that which1 we may value dearer-
More then a glorious outrfide, which containes
Meate,notto bedifclos'd without due paints;
Thus is it fcarc e to be imagin'd how
Defertlliduldparalell your worth, or You. '

EMBLEMEU .

THis glorious Starre attending 6h thcSunxe,
Having, -trem this low wprl-3, iuft wonder worfoc
ForbrightnesjEwu/^^hatfoiiie Stygian brdhd,
1'extinguiflrit thrufts forth her greedie £,*•##;
To catch it from its mounted moving place.
And hurlc it-lower to ob0ir'd Difgrdce:
But while fhe matches, to put oiitthe flame,
Foolifhly fiershei fingers "with the lame.
Who others glories ftri-uet*eeIipfe(poore Eh.es)
Doebut draWedovwie ferfe-mifphiefe on thernfelues.
You waiting &xtthis untie ofM'aiefiie
May th&teJampingHeliotrapittm be :
Still brightin your Eclipticke cir*cJe runne,
Yareout o£ £#*w*teach,fb neare the S*«/«*«- . .
Moue fairely, freely in your wonted oder
Aboue the danger of 'Detractions curbe,
And her felfe-butfting Brood : fitthere,contemne,
Nay laugh, andfcome both their deip%ht,and than*

Sa

To Thi Loss Chambsrune

^T O t becaufe you are given to rage or fpoilc,
^ Like rampant .Lywjejwhich deferue a Toyle 2
Nor yet becaufe your gifts devided be,
Do Lyons thus divide themfejues in three :
But (whenprovok'd)to fhew you can rdift,
Or fhew your courage when Your Honor lift :
Or thus in number they doe Jooke one way,
To fhew, what You command,your friends obey.

EMBLEME ia.

FIxt heere fnow*-vefted P/>w>remaines
Al-pure,and in all pure,purg'd from theftaines
Of all falfe wor(hip,chafte as aire,vntainted
With the foule biemifhes of that al-painted
Proude curtizan : nor wander do's her mind,
Shecbeft content in Confimcy doth find :
To Alethea's pillar clofe fheclings,
Maugre therapting ftraines Romes Syr enfings:
Who is athirft,anddo's but touch her Cup,
Drinkes,witli delight,his foules faluation vp.
Thus comprehends fheioyes, which moft would buy
At the high'ft rate,in this one Cenfimcy^
So aboue others may your Honours (bine,
Ass paft all others, do's this Forme Dzuine,
With her ingenuous Beames blaze bright in you.
Who's doubly gilt, with Her, w$ Leawingtoo*

14.
T o TffR Earls Of ARvKDEit,,

ON Gules you beare the figure of a Bend
Betweene creffe onffelets fixt : which all intend
Rightly to fhado W Noble birth, adbrn'd
With valour, and a Chriftian caufe,not fcorn'd
By any but by Infidels, and they
Miftaking this, their hel*-bred hate difplay .
But to leatiefliadbwes, you (fubftantiaiy fliine -
Wi^ittib^goocl things, which make a man diuine.

.).

EMBLEME 13.

KNow (honour'diir) that th'heate of Princes loue»
Thrown on thofe rcall worths, good men approue
Doth, like the radiant Phoebus fhiningherc,
Make fruitful! vertue at full height appeare:
T'llluftrate this in yoi\ were to confefle.
How much your Goodneffe doth your Greainejfe blefle,
By its owne warrhc reflexe; Thus both furuiue,
And both i'th Sunne of Roydl futour thriue.
O mays reuerbcrating-rayes ftill nourifli
Your nObfc Worths, and make y our Ve mtes flourifh*
E

S6.
To Tu* Earle Of Sovth-hamptok,

NO ftorme of troubles, or cold frofts of Friends,
Which on free Grentnes,too too oft,attends,
Can/by prefumption} threaten your free ftate :
For xhefe preiaging fee-birds doeamate
Preiumpcuous Greatnes-.mouing the beft mindes,
By their approach, tofeare the future windes
Of all cajamitie, no leffe then they
Portend to-fea-men a tempeftuons day:
Which you foi'efeeirig may before hand crofie,,
As they doe thems and lb prevent theloffe.

E MBLEME 13.

W Hat coward Stoicke,ox blunt captaine will
Diflike this VZnion, or not labour ftill
To reconcile the Arts and vi&ory?
Since in ithemfelues Arts haue this quality,
To vanquifli errours trainer what other thai',
Should ioue the Arts,if not a Valiant man? *
Or,how can he-r-efolue to execute,
That hath not firft learn'd to herefblute?
Tf any fiiall oppofe this, or difpute,
Your great example fiiall their fpite confute,
E 2 ¦

*8.
To Tub Earlb Of Hertford:

THefe Lyons gardant wifely fecmc to rake
The name of gardant^ for the flowers fake :
A s if they kept the flower-de-luces thus
From them, who any way obnoxious,
Might gather them: it is a noble parr,
To kcepe the glories purchafd by defert.

29.
EM RLE ME 12.

THis Triple clofejt d if- united, none:
But knit by,fa;ith,anindiuiduall One.
Standing vnmoou'djike an heroicke rockc,
Affronts thebatt'ries of fierce Ernies fhocke.
GodjfeartjRelJgioMjthekyOnefaad'eoithree,
loyn'd in vnfeuer'd threefold r«itie3
pR-oyallpaire- royall ((ec) three are the fame,
IHe that hath this paire-royall wins the game.
View, how this heart, and how thefe hands agree,
Whofe heart,and handsare one,thrice happy hee.
And though two hands, yet but one are thefe two,
Both doe the fame,and both the fame vndoe.
Concord makes in a million, but one heart.
Whereat ftcrheHate may leuell her fierce dart,
And deepely wound too,yet can not that wound
Difanimate.or her freethoughts confound :
But witha double Valour (he vp-bcarcs
Such hcarcs,aboue the ftrokeof bafcr fcarcs.
Thus you within haue rais'd Vp fuch a forr,
As keepes out Ills, and doth your good iupporc.

To Tus Earix Ov Essbx.

' He chicfeft of this Scuchion comprehends
Three Tortea»xiwh.kh vnto all coihmetsds
A firrhe and plenteous liberality,
Proper to you, and to your familie ;
Arid this one ver tue, in you (cleareas day)
All other vertues elements diifplaye

EMRLEME 16.

NO wild, ordefperatefoole can hence colled-.
Prpofe to applaud his vice, or. to protect:
Nor canthis Figure civil! warre.portcnd,
Whither oppofe, or whither it defend:
But mntientFaloiir, that which hath advane'd
Our Predecejfoars, (while fine Courtiers danc d).
That's heere infer'd,-' to re-informe the mind
By view pf inffon ces, wherein we find
Recorded of ypar Aunceilrie, whole fame
Like forked thunder, threaten d cowards fliame;-.
Who fcaring; left on their debofli'd bafe merit, .
Heav'n. fhould drop Bolts,by ailame-winged fpirit.

3*-

To Thr Earlh Ov Dorset.

T'ls true,your various Bendthus quarterly
Defcrib'd,poynts out the great antiquitie,
Of Honour, and oCrertue truely daim'd
By You,who haue preferu'd them free, vnmaim'd.
Let none that's generous thinkc his time ill fpent,
To imitate your worths Co eminent.

33*

EMBLEMS tj,

HTHe world whofe happinefle, and cheife delight,
•^ Nay more, whofe Wifedome\\e%\xvAppitite,
Rather then Knowledge ;claimes.the largeft fliarc
Of that which pleaieth moft: nor doth it care
To comprehend a higher myfteric :
And therefore well doth oature4ignifie (hood
Th' afcending point , with heau'ns neere neighbour
L eauing to earth what's great^ to heau'n what's^W.
Which you perceiuiug,wifely doe beftow, low.
Your thoughts on Heav'n, your wealth on things be-
F

34

To Tm Earli O? Mqvntoomiu.

THe crejceni to a fecond Houfe belongs,
The golden Crefcent ("worth a Poets fbngs^
Well appcrtaincs vnto thy Houfe and thee,
Thou Arch-fiipporter oCMountgoptery.
For not the vaprous breath of bad report,
Can cloud the fplciidour thoudeferu'ftin Court:
But as in gold no ruft can ftnde a place,
So hath thy Crefcent no enforc d di%acc.

35-

EMBLEME 18.

AS bufie Bees ynto their Hiue doe fwarme,
So do's th'attra&iuc power oCMuficke charme
All Eares with fiient rapture ; nay,it can
Wilde Reafon re-contraft,diuorc'd from man.
Birds in their warblings imitate the Spheares:
This fings the Treble ,that the Tcmur beares:
Beaft s haue with liftning to a Sbepheards lay,
Forgot to feed, and fo haue pin'daway :
Brookes that creepe through each flowr^bef/ctt'd field,
In their harmonious murmurs, mufickeyedd:
YeajfcnfclefTc^w^ at the old Poets iong,
Themfelues in herpes did fo together throng,
That to high beauteous ftru-ftures thqy did fwel!
Without the hel pcoChandpr vCeoCskill :
T his Harmony in t'humane FabrickeStealesi
And is the finewes of all Common- wealcs.
In you this Concord sCo diumely placed :
That*> by you,\\oiyou by it is graced. F 2

To Thb Lord Viscovnt Lssta,

T Et there.be no addition, this atone
•*-7 Will make an Emblemei and a perfect one
Concciue it thus then i. A Darts forked head
Apt toendanger, thoughnot ftrikingdcad.
Such is, or fhould be every noble mind,
Prepare! like this in moft refolued kind
To wound, or kill offenfiueiniury, .
And though vnurg'd,yet threatens dangers nie.

EMBLEME 19.

TJ Ere Sience do's in contemplation fit,
** *Diftingui(hing by formes,the foule of wit :
Knowing,perf e&ion has noproper grace,
If wanting Order ^N umber, Time, ox Placet
The Theoricke and Praclicke part muft be
As heate and fire : the Sunne,and Claritie :
Such twins they are,and fuch Corrclatiues,
As the'onc without the other feldome thriues.
How can a man the feates of Armes well doc,
If nota ScboUerszr\dnSouldiourtoo ?
If either then be miffing in'sdue place,
Defeft fteps in,and fteales from all their grace :
On good a&s you employ the pratficke part,
The Theory lies lodg'd within your heart.
F 3

3$.
To The Lord Viscovnt Wailihgi-or*,

\7"\f Ell may you neuer find the want, or lof.
* * O f that moft hallowed,andinftru&ingCr*(7>,
O n which our Saviour di'de : for thefe will fliew
The many bleffed thoughts of that, in few :
Heere you may over-looke the world, and fee
Nothing fb plentifully croffes be :
Thence you may take occafion to prepare
Your foule,to beare thofe that worfe croffes are.
Thefe are the badges of Your noble breft,
That willcondud You to hcave'ns quiet reft.

EMBLEM E zo.

THus pl'ayes the Courtly Sycophant, and thus
Sclfe-rpleafing Sinne, which poyfons all of vs :
Thus playd the whore whome the wife King dcfcribc:>
Thus he who rayles at, and yet pockets bribes :
Thus playes the Politttian^ who will finile,
Yctlike this Serpent fting your heart the while.
Bung vp thync eares then* or fufpecl the harmc,
-- — [When Cwcctc Cyllenian words begin tocharmc.
But you, can thefe <vnmask by knowing beft
Hew to keepe fuch from lurking neere"four breajl.

40.
ToThuBuho* 0? London,

TWo fwords there be,which all Diuines fhould take,
Ere they this vi&ory can perfect make :
Preuailing Language is a powerfull one,
Zeale for thetruth, the other: thefe haue done
More noble a<£b,tben warre could euerboaft:
Both are in your Field foundjthough elfe-whcrcIofL

4*1
EMBLEME. ai.

M

Ethinkes (Right Reuerend) here you filence
L Viewing this Emblemed it thus befpeajfe:(breakc»
Ride on Triumphing, make a glorious fhew,
Catch thofe, who oncly but thy Out-(jde know :
Hold forth thy witching Cup, aduance thy Croivne,
And^ounted thinke thy felfe paft pulling dow ne :
Yet after all, thou canft be prou'd no more,
Then a deluding , and deluded whore.
G

4>.
To Tub Bishop O* "Wr kchbst**«

THe srr^and Keyes to Church-men beene bequea-
Since Paul and Peter were otlife bereaued .' (thed*,
IZheKeyes, a type of Prayers % which unlocke
Hcau'ns glorious gatesyto let in thofe that knocke.
The Spirits zealous^ and foule-fauing wcrd9
Is lhadow'd by the fi nne-fubduing Sword:
Of 'word and Sword th'incorporate qualitie
Has power to heaue bafe earth aboue the skie.
Your powerfull,and vi&orious elegance,
Which ouercomes bold vice and arrogance^
Do's proue,no weapons to the Church belong,
But ftich as Hcau n makes to encounter wrong :
Nor do's your Gentry differ : Lounges
Are curing Cordials ; Onerous thoughts like thefe*

43*
EMBLEME tz*

B

Ehold, on what the Romatne Faith confifts :
So toft by Errours windsj fo lapt in Mifts**
That their Arch-pilot faxle can rule thefternei
He laches foundation,thereforc ftill to learne
How to make's Ship his Harbour . O I wonder
Th'ore burden'd Veffeli crackes not quite afiindcr,
And finkes not downe, oppreftby its owne weight,
With finfujifoules fbftuft, and over-freight.
The high Auenge>( though he feemes to faile)
With winged wratrrwill fplit their proudeft faile.
Heau'nsy ion-hand (moft flowlyheau'd aloft)
Falls quickejdead-furejancihomejalthougli not oft
Ail wifli, for their fakes of Rentes Ampler fort,
That you rni^ht ftccre theiryeflcll to the Port;

44.

To Tm Bishop Op Ely

HOw much more better may you challenge thefe3
Then all your Prcdeceffors, who in eafe,
And lloath (youbcing confidcr'd) did neglecf
That which dcfcruesa Crown c,or good refpccT- :
Thefe then the Heralds may thinkc rather due,
Not to your place of ftate, but vnto you.

EMBLEMMz^

RElighn ftill its owne , cannot be loftj
Nor from it Cdfe diuorc'd, though to the moft,
Who iudge by gueffe and flight formality,
There mightappearefchifme vsxDiuinity :
When not Diuinitj, which cannot change,
But humane reafon to fchifmes vild doth range ;
For fo the fruites of diuers plants may feeme
Diuers in quality : and men may deeme
Naturehaihen'd in fuch a ferious courfe,
When both confider'd be the fame in force.
You, that beft iudge of Schilmes, can clearely fee,
Error term'd, Trutht and Truth tQna'd Hcrcfie.
G3

To Ths Loan Zotchj

Q> huh

U U

SEe, how a worthy fpirit not imployde
May feeme to lookers on,or vaine,or voyd :
Thefe golden peeces thus vnfnap't,Vncpin'd,
Sceme as if worth and they were quite difioyn'd :
When brafle or copper being ftamp't orfram'd
Into the fliape of plate, is oft mlfnam'd,
Andoftmiftakenforthepureft gold .•
But you are ever adtiue, and ¥nfold
Your pretious fubftance, that your felfe may take,
Honours true ftampc j what's counterfcite fbr&ke.

47,
EMBLEMS id..

HEere Phoebus and the Sacred Sifters fft>
Chiefely attending Harmcnk, and wit:-
Who ftay to heare the dying Swans to fing
Sad Epods- riding on the ihefyian Spring.
Heere the wingd-^Horfes hoof e digs vp that WeU
Whence gurgle ftreames o£Art,md facred Skill.
Divines (like Pegafus) divinely mooue
In Man,fpringsofprofound,and precious loue
To heav'nly Wifedome, who t'ech paffing by,
Poynts out the path- way to Eterm tic.
And whilft You doe your noble thoughts confine
To what Divines preachy You become Divine.

»To Thi Lord Win* sea.

ME thinkes, I fee in this,the true eftate
Of man ftill fubie&to a luckleffe fate :
As if the greateft Crojfe did reprefent
Thcgcnerall curie, whicheven all over went.
From Adam to his wretched progeny:
(Thclcffcr Croffes which accompany
The g-cater,b"c each feverall haplcffe chance •
And all together fhcw,thatignorancc
Is irrecoverably blind, where none
Prevcn ts what happens thus to every one.
But You doc well fupport the waighticft croflcs
With Patience, and efteemc them but li^ht IbUcs,

49*
EMBLEME a?.

YEe, whofe blind folly doth not fb maintaine
A former choice,but yee may chufe againc :
Andyee,whofe innocence (not knowing yet
The worfeirom better) carelefly doth let
Both'reft vnchofen : now begin to make
Your new, or firft choice, and heere wifely tak c
Thepatterne .• if you vvoaid encline to Peace,
Loue bookes with Verttte ftor'd. fb will dccreafe
Your troubles : thofe will briag fuch ¦powerful! fain*
As fiiall the fterneft Lyon fboneft tame.
Experience leades thee to this certaine choice.
Chufe then at firft ,. to ffrirue ,or to reioice.
You haue already clio^n true Content :
Nor needs your Honour euer to repent.
H«

JO.
To Tri Loup W»MtTvo*t«.

T jF^wVhaueeuer ranked bin among
¦'-'Thofe nobler beafts,which are both fwift &t flrong,
Swiftnes alludes to a dexteritie,
Or quicke difpatch without temeritie.
Their strength alludes to ludgement which indures ,
When fiaftiifig Wtt no long delight aflurcs.
Make thefe your owne, and then you beare'difplay'd;
Your Scutchions morrall,in your felfe pourtray'd*

51.
EMBLEMS trt.

lOue3Ph<ebtts find Minerun were affign'd,
*¦ To be the three chiefe ornaments ofmind.
loue figur'd Prouidcnce^Mintruayvit,
phiebus, content: and all that purchafd it
Well arethey feared in'a holy place,
To fliew the Continentof all, is grace:
It fccmes that yon haue well confider d thus ;
The fair'ft of titles is}Religiotts,
H a

5».
To The Lord Dar c is.

%>-$- zfr

THefe health-preferuing /<?#»« thus inly fixt
Amongft the CroJfektssfaeWf heau'ns tauours mixt
With all calamities thatfeaze on man,
If patiently he enterraine them can.
To find cure then for CrofTcs,!ooke aboue.
See,ili made well by heau'ns all-curing loue.

EMBLEME 2-7,

CLeepe,bein,gthe type ofdeath : darkneffe muft be
OThe fhade of that,which wecuanifht fee :
Men fo *departed,that it may be find,
ABirdjLs well,asfucha mart,isdead :
Chafe, while thou liu'ft5the cloudcs ofdeath away:
Or dying, neuer looke to fee more day.
You haue on earth/b ftudied heau'ns delighr.
That you can neuer be obfcur'd : though night
Should threaten to obfcure.noonc-day,yct will
Your Noble-mind vauquiflufetffo darkeftill.
H3

?4*

to T-hsLoubWo-ttos.

SEtled affli&ions may be well cxprefTt
Vnder this forme of crojfes, which men bleft
Haue ftill indur d to proue their patience :
B ut I would rather in another fence
Haue this appli'de tb fuch a man* whole vowes
Haue fixt him to the faith chrifts Church allowes :
And fuch a man (fcorning vngrounded wrongs)
Are you, to whom this fixed Croffe belongs.

if*
EMBLEMS 2$,

TH afcending' Path that vp to wifedomeleades
Is rough, vneuen, fteepe : and he that treades
Therein, muft many a tedious Danger meet,
That, or trips vp, or clogs his wearied feet:
Yet led by Labour, and a quicke Deftre
Offaireft Ends fcrambles.and clambers higher
Then Com men reach : ftill catching to holdefaf}
O n ftrong'ft OccafionfflL he come at laft
Vp to Her gate, where Learning keepes the key, [
And lets him in, Her beft Things to furuay: '
There he vnkend -fthoughtohimfelfebeftknowne)
Takes reft, till Time preients him with a Crowne .*
In queft of this rich Prize, your toyle's thus graced?
Euer to be in T imes beftBorder placed*

To Tai Lorb SrASFfopi.

THis entcrchang'd variety of Fnrre,
And naked quarrers,fitiy docconcurre.
To fhew the feafonable contenting ltore
1 hat rich wife men inioy,alike with poore :
Both areprouided {'left they might take harme)
To kcepe their innocence, both fate and warme.

1?'
E M S L E M E 29,

JMagine hecte fhrift ftrongty fottfrTd,
Againft the Popes bold herefic and pride :
And thinkc, whilft his Accomplices combine
The Caftle ofchr/fts truth,to vndermine ;
A flame breakcs for th,which doth confume them all:
So feefeing his,they meete with their owne foil.
And thus whilft hercrickcs flikc wretched clues,)
Out-ftarethc Truthithcy doccondemnetHemfclucs,
Subletted to the twofold victory
Of Truth pud of their owne impietic.
Take refuge then, in Hcau'ns eternall reft,
And fee Chrifts foes againft themfelues addreft.

r8.
To The Lord Casibw,

THe noblcft partsof WifedomcJ& clear ewii,
High Couragex and fuch vettues fcinnetoit:
Should ever be prpcecding,andgoe on
Porward,as fceme thefe Lyons'jVigd of none.;
So (like to thefe) You kcepe a paflant pace,
Till wijedopte leatc You in your wiflied place.

rp*
EM RLE ME. JO.

TXOrcesvmted geminate their force ',
* And fb doth vertue: never fhould remorfe
Nor obftacle reftraine that man,who may
Strengthen his vertues by a noble way:
Who cannot perfect be,needes not repent
To add his owne t' anothers Prefident
And he that is entire may therewithal!,
By others helpe prone more effce'tuall.
So helpe me Learning,asrl doe not know,
Where I this Embleme fitter may beftowc.

6o»
To The Lord Hayb.

T> &***/« chiefe elements of white and R ed
¦U Is allthat in .your Coate is figured :
Nor is itneedfull,any thing fhould be
Added to this moft copious myftcric :
Cities vpon Argent to conceit are playne,
And pourtrayoutaliic without all ftaine,

6f«
EMBLEMS 31*

SEeBountie feated in her beft of pride,
Whofe fountaines never ebbe,ever full tide
At every change :fee;fromher ftreaming heart,
How rivulets of Comfort doe impart
To worth dryde vp by want 5 and to aflwage
The drought of vertue in her pilgrimage.
Looke, how her wide-ftretcht,fruit-befurnifhthand
Vnlockt to true Defcrt, do's open ftand : *
But if fhe fhould not be Deferts xegaxdcra
Yet is it, in it felfe, its owne rewarder .
This Emblems not prefented (Noble Sir>
Your bounteous nature to awake,or ftir :
For you are Bounties Almner, and do's know,
How to refrainc, deftributc,pr~ bellow.

6**

To Thb Tw**h Lo*»*« Chirp*
Ivsticb«.

BY thefe life-lengthning Lozenges, are mown
Cares to cure iJLsJby times corruption grow'n .
To comfort j^r-flM* heart,at point to die.
Of a Confumption,and doth bed-rid lie :
This Starreytost Ufiice is,which is not blind,
(As th'ancient Hicroglypbickes her defin'd)
But fearchcth out with quicke difcerning eye
Th-hatd difference twixt Faith '.and Fallacy*
Thefe Birds^yet vnlearnt to light on earthy
Figure that lus~iiceswhkh from Heau'n baVBirth,
And fcornes to Iookefo low,as bafe refpe ft
Of its owne priuater»^, and Tra^ncgleft.
Care^Truth^nd luftieethm vnite, we fee
Make in their Goednefemm^ Sympathy,
On whofe ioynt pinions rf i Kezlmes Peace vr>towr<s
T 'her Chairc of State , fubfifteted by your powres*

EMBLEME 32.

SHe that illuminatesthe midnight, may
Bf well admitted to take reft all day : "'
Yet haue our antique Poets rathermade
Night- wandrlng l*»4t'hau.ea daily Tradei
Reporting, that by day fhe tgkcs defi|hc
To hunt wilde creatures,and then fbincs at night :
Teaching -for I rniftafe) how Magistrates
Should quell Difordersin all ciuill States.
In darknefle they fhould watchfull infight kecpe,
To 'hunt -out Vice, when menare thought aileepe:
For Mifchi."fe(as in darkncfTcJskulkes difguis'dj
And .therefore needs fome watchfully aduis'd,
Who hauing fenced bur this fecret game,
May then purfuc them to a publicke fbatne.
But ybiirdcepe wifedomes, better know,thcn this,
Whaeii* our Common-male inoft nceclfullis.

/2fe^/

mSffiMz.

lo^cdo^c

Printed in Shoe-lane at tbe flgne
of the Faulcon by Wa : Dight .

p^y^^

Nifideptper.

Tibi {erviet
¦ultima Thvle ,
Virgil:'
THVLEM
¦proem Axe re-
-motanrl Chuii'™ .
Scheciand .
et tiautis noflris
"iodic Thi!en!d.

/?«s7,\i;*M.
Homer .

To my dreads oveuigne iames, Kingof great britain?.*, . tjrc.

A SECRET arme out ftretched from die skic ,
"*¦*• In double chaine a Diadem doth hold :
Whofe circlet boundes , the greater britannie
From conquered' f RAvucE,to*THVi.E fung of old :
Great iames, whofe name be yond the i n d e is told:
To. g o b obliged fo by two-fold band ,
As borne a man , and Monarch of this land .
Thus fince on heauen , thou wholly doft depend :
And from * aboue thy Crowne , and being haft :
With malice vile, in vaine doth man intend y
TVnloofe the knot that god hath link't fb faft :
Who fhoot's at * heaven , the arrow downe at laft
Lightes on his head : and vengeance fall on them ,
That make their rnarke, the Soveraigne Diadem .

SiafiirRoroii.: '¦m,l . .pap, z .

Nubibus eti duplici vinftum Djadema catena ,
Q^od procul a aoftro fu!iia»t oibe manus :

Non alia re lege Deus (IACOBE) ligavift
Quern regc'se imperio s fecit, et effc virum .

it Siepacemhabemus . T^ZZZy&yr
To the High and mightie IAMES, King of greate Britaine,

Scilicee Anglietls
cs-Scfe'ticus .

HP WOO Lions flout the Diadem vphold,
¦*¦ Of famous Britaine, in their armed pawes:
The one is Red , the other is of Gold ,
And one their Prince , their fea , their land and lawes 5
Their loue , their league : whereby they ftill agcee ,
In concord firme , and- friendly amitie .
b e 1 l o n a henceforth bounde in Iron bandes ,
Shall kifle the foote of mild triumphant peace,
Nor Triunpets fterne,be heard within their landes;
Envie fhall pine , and all old grudges ceafe :
Braue Lions , fince, your quarrcll's lai 'd afide ,
On common foe, let now your force betri "de.

Visum fnilenm nt gemini Diadcma Lcones ,
Coneordcs'vnc*- Principe , mcntcj.fide .

Fttdcre h-.nguntur Gmifi, cceloquc, faloqWi
Na ;a (jiuUus Pax bsc inv io !ah da awnc t .

jP&zte^ 31

Protegere Regium .

\]\T HILE deadly foes , their engines haue prcpard ;
* * w im furie fierce , to batter .dowiie the walics ,
My dutie is the Citie gite to guard ,
And to rebate their Rammes , and fierie balls :
So tbat if firmely , I do ftand without ,
Within the other , nccde no daunger doubt
Dread SovcraigncM MES., whofe puiflantname tohcarc,
The Turke may tremble , and the Traitor pine :
Belou'd of .ill thy people , farrc and necrc :
Bee thou, as this Port-cullies -, vnto diine ,
Defend without , and thou within fnalt fee ,
A dibuiaftd thoufand , liuc and die with thee .
Obfcffis ut opera tcrt-j RiuMffliae.prxftcm,
Qusenonfuftineo ilsmrui treats niihi.
Sis catarafta tins (animufc Monarch* ) Bntannh,
Incus etinvenics pcttoia firma tibi.
<ii flatus Imperii, aut Cilus provineL-.rum
ndifcriH*,cnvertatur,debc,bit (Princcps) inaciefia:c. Tacic 4 Jlift.

Hi bemis a Refpub : adlacobum Regem ¦.

E«7I :Doron.

T&zteJ

\\T H I L ET lay bathed in my natiue blood ,
V V Andycelded nought faue harfh , & hellifh foundes ;
And'faue frorrt Heauen , I had no hope of good ,
Thou pittiedft ( Dread Soveraigne ) my woundes ,
Repair" dft my ruine, and with Ivorie key ,
Didft tune my ftringes , that flackt or broken lay .
Now'fince I breathed by thy Roiall hand ,
And found my concord , by fb fmootha tuch ,
I giue the world abfoade'to vnderftand ,
Ne're was the mufick of old Orpheus fuch ,
As that I make , by meane ( Deare Lord ) of thee >
From difcord drawne , to fweeteft vnitie . ¦•
Cum mea hativo fquallercnt fecptra cruorc ,
Edoque lugubrcs vndique fracfta modos :
Ipfe rcdux nervos diiftendis (Phcebe ) rebelfes ,
Et ilupct ad noftros Orpheus ipfe fonos .

-/2fc&/ 6

\q$ Ex vtroqus Immortditas .
Adpijjjintum lacobum magna. Britannia Regem •

*Bo&iisPrine*epJ
mihilodiffccta
bono pacre ¦
* Hanc animam
interca cxfo de
eorporc ra*uanv
Fac iubai-vtfein-
perCapitr.lia •noil: a forumquc
Divu&abexeMa
proipeftet Iuiius
ade. .Ovid: MetA-
* Pictate.etTuf-
titia ,Principcs
Dtjiiunt. ^u^uf.
vi&3um.*j>uiSe.
*ica»i in tutto.

Sxbijil-.xsjlrti

T? VT thou whofc goodnes ,Pietie , and Zeale ,
¦*-' Haue cauf'd thee fo , to be bclou'd ofthine ,
(When envious Fates , ihall robbe the Common weale ,
Of fuch a * Father , ) lhalt for ever fhine :
Notturn'das * C^/ir,toafainedftarre,
But plac'd a * Saint , in greater glory farre .
Withwhome mild Peace/, the moft of all denYdj
And learned Mufe fhall end their happiedayess
While thou to all eternitie admir'd ,
Shalt liueafreih, in after ages praife :
Or be the Loade-ftarre , of thy glorious North ,,
Drawing all eies , to wonder at thy worth'..
le tua fed Pictas omni mcmnrabilis.Kvo ,
Sidus ad Etcrni Ci'faris vfque feret :
luftitia occumbet tecum , quia Mufa . F i J c fqu e
In patriam , ratis pax ct habcncla locis ,

sS TO THE THRICE-VERTVOVS ,AND
FAIREST OF QVEENES, A'NNE QVEENE*
OF GREAT BRITAINE.

yiaZesr

Anagramma D s
GnhFouleri.

In anna regnantiuiii arbor.
anna BrHmnornm Regina .

A N 01iuclo,withbraimches fiire difprcd ,
•***¦ Whofe top doth fcemc to peircethc azure skie , '
Muchleeming to difdaine , withloftie head
The Cedar , and thofe Pines of t h e s s a i. i e ,
Faireft of -Queencs, thou art thy felfe die Tree ,
Thefruite * thy children, hopefull Princes three.
i5jirc.ram.Ta- Which thus I fj;he:jf& , fli all with their outftretclft armes ,
Ollis . 4 . lift : T r «-> *» . * _ 3
In time o reipread liurop-a s continent ,
• F.were fubicc- * To fhield andihude , the innocent from harmes ,
But overtop thepreud and jnfolcnt :
Remaining , raigning , in their glories grcene ,
While raa:i on earth , or Moone in hcaticn is fecnc .

* Nrtncl-iffei ,
non Lrpionei ,
f erj .t'.e fi.ina im
perii munmicnta
«nam nnnierum

Ecorporepulchro GrAtior,
TO THE RIGHT NOBLE, AND MOST
TOWARDLY YOVNG PRINCE, CHARLES
DVKE OF TORKE.

C W E E T E Duke,that bear'ft thy Fathers Image right
**-* Afwell in*'bodie,asthy cowardly minds
Within whofe cheeke v me thinkes in Red and white
Appeare the Roles yet againc conioind ;
Where, howfbe're their warresappeafedbcj
Each, ftriues with each , for.Soveiaignitie ..
Since Nature then in her faire - Angell mould ,'
Hathframd ihy bodic , fliew 'd her beft of art :
Oh let thy mi rid the * fai reft virtues hold ,
Which arc the beaurie of thy better part :
And which,( brauc ckaiu t.s) fhall make vs * loue thee more,
Then all thy ftate we outwardly adore .

TJderur ¦i!iiv>
¦us <i uarpi&n . ac
gratia concern*: •
tari princifiem ,
Xenoph: in Hicri
* Ec divitiaruin ,
et forma: gloria,
fluxaatcjiicfragi-
lis eft, virtus < is ¦
ra zternaquc |ia"«
bewr.* Saliift*.
Cat:

p^'is*k#
CTziZi%ltiil/ McalnJcr.

Ex.

Ex malis morions botidt. leges ..

3*

JUUe S

To the moft iudicious , and learned , Sir F R A N C I S B A C O N , Knight .

HP HE Viper here, that ft-.mg the ftieenheard fwaine ,
•*¦*- ( While caretes.of hinifelte afleepe he lay , )
With Hyfbpe caught, is cut by him in twaine ,
Her fat might take , the poifbn quite away ,
Andhealehis wound, that wonder tis to fee,
Such fbveraigne helpe, fhould in a Serpent be.
By this fame Leach , is meant the virtuous King ,
Who can with cunning , out of manners ill ,
Make wholefome-lawcs", * and take away the fting ,
Wherewith foule vice , doth greeue the virtuous ftill :
Or can prevent, by quicke and wife forciight ,
Infedion ere , it gathers further might ., *
Aiiavcneiucopujnigit qucrti vipera nWfii , .
* Dux Gregis ant'itisjuuii Ifhis-ab hoite p<;ut :
Vipereis ri Jem kg-is ex montus apt as
Do&is Apoikrwaconlicit arte SOLON.
Cuia 'dedit lege- er cjuod nantra remittic.

* Ti'tfor*n*m ensea-
^atneem legem
cflcuportct Cic*t
J dc leg-lms.
SalusCiytatisiit
•te^kus . Axiit :

titiis qua; piui-lina -ncmi

7 ii

Fosminea: riatma dciit fuu'iuiu ni. J.^nas ¦ L.vjia a»s£tt^..i ,*«
Gi .

OvM Metamer :
lib io.

TO

TO , His fervire .
TV ^t? Right Honturable and'rry foggier good-Lord hikrt
hovvard E&ie.ofNorilhswpton, Lord Privie Scale. &c.
HENRI CVS HOVVARDVS Comes 'NorAamptonienfis .
Pius , Cafius huic mentis honor , mere honor anim '.

20

Anagramma Ac-
thoiis.

A SNOW-WHITE Lionfay an Altar fleepes ,
**¦ ( Whereon of Virtue are 'die Symbolcs plaic't ,)
Which dayinid night , full carcfullyhekeepes ,
Leaft that lb facred thing mought be defac *t
By Time , orEnvie , who not farre away ,
Doe lurke to bring the fame vnto decay.
Great Lord., by th* Altar Pietie is ment ,
Thus , where vpon i s v ittue feated fure :
Which thou piotcotell with deare chcrifhment*,.
And doft thy beft , their fafetic to procure
By howerly care., -as doth this Lion white
Tipe of thy mildnes , and thy feared might ,

To the thrice Noble , and exellcnt Prince : Lttdtmickjivkz of Lennox .

^" OR may my Mule g*eatcD»&, with prouder faile,
*~ Ore-paffe your name ,your birth , and beft deferts :
But lowly ftrike, and to thefe cullors vaile a
That make ye yet belotfd in fprrein partes ,
In memorie of thofe difioined heartes :
Of two great kingdomes,.whom your grandfire wrought s
Till Buckle-like , thembothin one he brought .
* MildPww-heerein, tomakeamendesagainc ,
Ordainesyour daies ye fhall difp.end in reft ,
Whiles Horror bound, in hundred-double chaihe ,
At her faire fee te , lhall teare her fnakie creft ,
And Mars in yaine, with Trumpet fternemoleft *
Our M ufe, that fhallherlofcieft numbers frame ,
To.etcrnize y0ur S TEVVAR TS Rokll name v.
Q!M4prpavU>*n viiws difeflrfiaiunxic in vnum Cai EVDovrcn vices itcrum pax alma rependens,
KeSrudao,.h*ecl»aopMmiaaign»tUlit: Ternj-ora dat rebus diva, quieta wis . itflfriVtr*;

* — Pas optim*
•rerum
Quas homini no-
vide datum eft ,
»ax vaa triupUia
ImmeritisppBoif
Silmf liii ' I .

/Va//!- /Ss 2. r Gloria Princtpum c
To the right truely Noble , and moft Honourable Lord
vvilliam, Earle ofpenbrooke .

femed:Ad&iu A LAD IE faire ,who with Maieftique grace,
"*" ¦***' Supportesahuge,andftatelyPyramis.
( Such as th'old Monarches long a goe did place ,
By n 1 1 v s bankes* , to keepe their memories 5 )
Whole brow ( with all the orient Pearlcs befet , )
Begirte's a rich and pretious Coronet .
Shee Glorie is of Princes , as I find
Defcrib'd in Moneies , and in Meddailes old ;
Thofe Gemmes are,g!orious proie&es of the mind ,,
Adorning more their Roiall heades , then Gold .
ThePyramis thewoirldes great wonderment 3
Is of their fame 5 fome * lafting Moniraent .
Facta Ducisvivmt opirofcque gloria rerum.
Hsec raaiiet tunc aviuos effugit vna logos ,

* Tn«cn:i pr* -

elara f.tc^.o

,i h -

cut A' irni

Im *

Sahritt

OvlUadl,

ia.;

Hisormriaat ntort .

/2W> /•?

C*fai R Spain
Iceosl :

To ihe right Honourable , and moft noble Lord /henry,
Fark of Southampton .

Hp H RE E Girlondes once ,colonna did devize
¦*¦ For his Imprefa , each m other ioin'd j .
The firft of olive, due vnto thewife ,
The learned brow, the t a v r f. l v greene-lo bind:
The oken was his due riboue the reft.,
Who had deferued ia the Battaile beft .
His meaning was , his mind he would apply
By due defert, to challenge each , his prize:
And rather choofe a thoufand times to die ,
Then not be learned , valiant , and Wife .
How fewe alas., doe now adaies we finde
( Great Lord ) thatbeare , thy truely noble mind .

Totkri?jhtReverendFatherinGQT>9iovivi Bishop of London.

i!a(ilic:Doro(i.
lib: i.pag: u.
* LiBeV omr.i'
¦pfalm-.m-m. fiini
lis ell vi-bi p*.:!-
c!ira-,-r-.tque mag-
na?i cu: ardes Co -
jplilres lii.crfrquc
fiat , iji-a-.uni Ss .
res pr.-tpriis t!a -
Vibutdiyerfifijue
tbtniantur, c,ux
cam nvvr.um io-
• curo cogc-da? \'cv
ntixt'eqticfint.iirc Hilar: m j-r»>!oj» ;
piaijnoi* cxplanat
hliiXyix J,mn-
Jl /4«' mtfvt-
v\eu'. alii it
c;0.1e**-C. el
Ji raj if WyS.
ii /jfjf [c*]
At^ana'iiis como
;-ri,iioin*F*iiPivi **'-.ircc!!ipairir!c i'-lf rprctl : j>!ai -

i v """i-rT-

' I f O fundry keies doth *hilari*e compare
•*• The holy Pfalmes of that prophctique King ,
Caufe in their Natures fo difpof'd they are ,
That as it were yby fundry dores they bring,
The foule of man0 oppreft with deadly fume ,
Vnto the Throne , where he may mercy winne .
For wouldft thoii in thy Saviour * ftilkeioyce;,
Or for thy finnes. , with tearcs lament and pray ,
Or ling his. praifes with thy heartand voice ,
Or for his mercies giue him thankes alway ?
Set davids Pfalmes , *a mirrour to thy mind ,
But with his Zcale , and heavenly fpirit ioin *d -.

C!avi!i|i-. irnexiilivii'iiiii n il/VRirs .-.i
IciTii ttcmit -jiios pia Miifa fern's , '

Fr '-'crc, innnnifros.adimi hrqui-^pe lec'iulanc
¦Vcns quibtn sthcici paHsH: Aij-la dei.

Hisa&iora.
TO the honourable the Lordwootton .

2>%7'£afry /£

~\Jf EE Nobleft fprightes, that with the bird of i ove,
± Haue learnt to Icaue,and loath , this bafer earth ,
And mount, by your iilfpired thpughtcs aboue ,
* Toheavcn-rward,home-ward,whenceyouhadyourbirth: ^
Take to you this , that Monarches may envie ^
Your heartqs content , and high foshcitie .
You, you, that ovcr-looke the cloudes of cafe ,
And fmilc to lee a multitude of Antes ,
Vppon this circle, ftriuing here and there ,
For thine and m in e, yet pine amid their wantesj
While yec your felues, fit as ipedlatbrs fre#,
From a&ion , in their follies tragxdie .

VirtlBiedu. immentis
mori Cesium , negata
tentat iter via
Ccetusque yulga.
res, et vdamlper-
nit bumum
fugiente penna:
Horat: 3 carm;
ode . s .

J°laZe/ /G

191
HENRICVS VIIL ANGLIC,
JRANCIA iT HVUERNIiE REX.

^Ataracta fex trabibus conftans
cumeoroitarcgiacatenulis inciu
fa \ , & tali cpigraphe : s E c vr i-
T A $ altera. Figuratur ' ffmbo-
lo hoa nan ab vno fed. pluribus fufftdifs Re
ftmpfndtre : id quod omnibus fahtariter tmptra-

19 J
I&IM,

"O Ofa, cuiimmiriet corona cum in*
*Vcriptiorie:RVTii,ANS rosa sine
spina Pr*fefertkoc(ymboleB£x \omnibm
exclufavetamutis, veigentiltbmje [dum
rtrumpotiri , chmmque regni it fitter citra
odium moder art. L Kofi,

fe

^

*

^

155
lACOBVS ANGLLE, GALLLE
SCOTLfS, BT HYBERNLK &t£

GLadius.fupraquerticoroftt, cum
infer ip cione: fROMBSIme-
r e o r 1 n m e . Exhtjtorijsnatm*. Tfo.
iamm PrmcfpimfapientemprafecloprMcrm
gkdwmdiftri&utradtdiffeftmtiaiUhkhki
L * Hoc

CArduus fuperaddita: epigraphe :
NEMO ME IMPVNE LA CES SET*
Innuit ,neminemfsliuejftiurum , mmhem
quoifc focejfenttm tmpwe latwum. Sicutie-
nimcarduus, nifi declines , pungit 8C
lxdit: fie princcps iniuftclaceflitusiu- L j fterc-

fc

199
lACOBVS 1. STVARTVS REX
SCOTIA.

2.01
ROBERTVS STVARTVS

/*** Orana tnimi pofita , fupra quam
^-/gladi!t&cruxadnexa glioma p r q
X Z G E E T V R O G R E G t.famiWr,Rtgtf tfjt
Officwreligionu (ineerhaieconfem*re,ac ftth-
Mt&sa vie'letk atfytniurt&omm a domtftrcn
L 4 txlsr-

C Pfcatfamuadifupr^ pofita corona,
*-*& fupra earn ftdlse raiiebmfymbo-
lo.YANJTAS VANITATVMEt OMNIA
v anitas, %_Agnouit hk Be#, quodagno
fecre omnes iebtmw, v'tuhumanatmm fe
L j titty

Si

<$

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Z07
FR1DERICVS DANIjE NOR.
VEGLS SELAND. GOTHOR. REX.

THOrtunainpilavolubiliftam &velu
¦T-vibranscuminfcriptione: fedel-
ta E c osa rara. lnnuttur hocknt-
matehominnm leuitak$ qui qttentadmodum
ventocircutnagitatur velum jkilli attimum, .
quo

2°9 ^
CHR1STIERNVS SECVNDVS fc
DANI.* MORVBCIJE.SELAN- ^
dis>Gotth.R«.

A Qufiadraconemvnguibustenens
•***"Gum infcriptiode ; dimicandvm:
Nmt Rex ahquembeftium , quo cum bettum
fit former gereadum. Vere enimTullius:
M Duo

L E

JZa£e,-2J

SENTENTIO SE IMPELESE, ET DIALO-
GO DEL ST.MEONE.
Cori it "verificatrone delfito di Gergob/rtM Geoprajia d'Or/a-nia>
lafgura &t tempio d'^fpollmc in VeUy:&' ilfito hie-
roglyfieo monumcnto, mtiutUiuita O" Epitajfo.
AL SBRENISS. DVCA DI SAVOIA.

IN L T O 1ST E,
APRES S'O GVKELMO RQVICLIO-

i ^ 16 0.
Cwfrimltgto dd Rh

J%z£&'£S

LE

IMPRESE DI M-
GABRIEL SYMEONI
FIORENTINO.
PERI SERENISSIMIDVCA, ET
UVCHE.SSA D I S A V O I A.

L'vn di Dio form amore f$ nome infronPet
Ualtra di mca Cjemma Qrienmle.
Dotti ambo^on^ifangm Qgtfvn Rcak,
ChtdmtquefiacheklorloScQntd h

Quisdicc-
rciaudcs*

MORAL!..

y&zte. 27

DEL RE ET REINA
DI NAVARR'A.

Ildur Diamanteieiduefm chiarilumii
Altro non dicon con vnitstfede,
Se non ctieifon tvmcome Idtra hefede
DiJplendenH3realiialticoftnmi.

Sirrrnl 8c
fcmper.

C 2

I>laZes2£

IMPRESE

DEL VESGOVO
GIOVIO, rid^otte Av MO-
RALITA' DAL MEDESI-
MO SYMEON E.
DI CARLO V- TMPERATORE.

Ben conuenne a coftuil arditn imprefit
S Affricagia cognohbe ilfuo vdlore,
Cti anchor nel Regiofiglio hogginon muore,
Afoflrando talma a maggtorfdttiaccefa. f -3

Plus vltra.

7°tel&£9

s*

TETRASTICH I

DI PAPA LIONE X.

Soaue e ilgiogo3e I popolo fedele,
Saaue. ^ H Signor non loftram^non sadim:
a^lladotie hoggidal Ciel tal gratia Jj?ira%
Etdomnafiejen^ajjentioilmekl

2Vale-3P

MOR.ALL

D E LL'ALCIATO.

nfMai non auenne che I'huom buono & dotto,
Se benpare hoggiche lignarofia
Solo eJJalmtOjhauejfe careftia,
Ne ch'al vitio virmfteffe difotto.

y%j/<? -«?/

FlaZe-32

I'/a7&t33

DBEU-L B-EIKA DI PRAITCIA,
Se fhella initjua ba Cjuiforzfxeualore Cosi PimMofiglio alto paggia*4o
T> aMortarfrttrntirlaliinfluffi rti'l VerUuirtitpatEmetapeco ap.oto

Xi atmtdcma de ('fiuomp haue di lei,
E 4'ngnirio dejiin yofia maagiorc .
Onde armata dijenne e diuatore
Lamina difrancia; eifomrniT>ei
E ardir accompagnartdo dicoftti,
E/Kntofia I'tyonotico juror e ,

Vorratajetta, al>io ntmkajuntcm&o
Qumdfi'ei ritovttaio il prima loco
Aia&OMana Qhiesa; in Un au&p&do
De loSbir(oT>iuin Vardente face .

i%* <3J

77afo36

SlMlSlSlglSTSlSlSlSlsBa i^iHMHjoiSj

del.s . Girolamo rvscelli. .
lrtfiimtt.ch'i uiam * te tbtm'tnie £ U italic imcnaono jtunJc
Ti'elmn hlrit .dicte Jue rtx hmtfri . D* uttjtejkfor tie i uerii Allpri .
Crepe, Hum MStetle »tme cJHmte. CoJicrfceitKufcelconfimadiarM,
Dijrum adcnt*.t lelm*'jwr*Z "Xtrtt &Jit» uirtutc uttia.p rare.

CI

ny
^

SPECVLVM HEROICVM-^-"-
Principis omnium temporum
Foetarum.
HOMEKI,
Id eft argument a xxiiij. librommlliados
in quibtti «ets Printipts Imago Poet ice,
tUg&nttftme exprimiwr.
LES XXIIII. LIVRES D'HOMERE
Reduift eti tables demonftratives figurees,pat
Crefpin de Paffe, exceUent graveiir.
Chacque livre rt-dige en aigumcnt Poeticque.
far le sieur l. HiUaireXdelaSJvJere r'ouetmou.

Trofim in Ojftcirut CR. PASSAEI cdcogmphi.
TR.AIECTI BATAVORVM,

Et Ar nhcmis apud loanhem lanflbniuno, Bibliopolaotq
Ammo mdc j»k»

x,iB, in.
/ IKGVL ARE HABET PR AEUVM
\^[UxindH& iJMeacUi*

LIV. III. |
DEVIL OV SINGV.LIEJR.E,
bataillcenfrc Alexandre &Menel*e. j

lyyirf/tfi'tgu/r A.yjj .v./.'J* adaj-rua virus

J £t -vi&orJuiTus vaw/e #un-ifia mi, .

BONA CAVSA DUS CVRjE.
Dlfbojlti in format tqtd'ttutn cuneosq^ pede fires
Cfrigkti Phryg^ viri,feraJ>eUawiHantnr;
Cum Priamusreges Helena wnft?ante,Pel4Jg'os
Cognifiit ,* laudato duiesjplettdentibta armie
Inrtutos , Marten mum jftamia^ or*.
C»mmittitvattsiffo>isoxf*dcre*matiHi,
Hiji'itiiitjtiftoddrji-iefapramijfirm*
j Vifteri,viaum% raph ?hrjgd nnbtbusatru
i Ipfi Venus, thaltmcj, (uat^itjmmemortU*
! ]'tderb,*uonitofi-,admspermiidtiMHti
jvfccmuUrtfug* „ pulchrim nti lu,quetepr*o<jm.

L'Oftainfi rafleu re chaenn deux fe prepare
Lc Grec Sr le Troien en mefme temps arm*!
Vom au devanr de cequi les tend hallarcnes
Vn murtaii'. Icullement; Tun Sti'autrefepare
Qui a veu ouekpip fois vn Cavaiiier Tartars
Panader volnger a bras nad defarme
Ha veu Moneiamsjui H'Helennecbarmc
Baftift.vn foci cVaioour que la bauite rcrnpare
ll combat main ^ main auec le beau berget
Vajncew ij fajft PavisceiTcubzIesIoisrangef
Alexandre prorne' de luy rsndtc f* da:;ie
Hole une cor-trnucccc.T psfche ce<t effiiiS ,
- 1 ce que I'mi.-promifl: par ! "aurre fuft de^aill
Ne teiUnjau vaincceus q'une plaie en fon ante,
-5 5

Z&zte J#

LIB. VI. <
HABET HELENr CONSILIVMyET
Heffork eum Aitdrmttke itlkquium.

liv. in,
CONTTENT Lfc CONSE1L DV PROPHE-
te Hclene, en feenbic lecolloque de Hs&or
& fa fename Andromache,

JJnm Cf>izcijirt»/eri?tt f/<

Thicnai,, Jn'ar/uWssJuadetjHrdkdar'e rt/n Jtfmtrva ,

!IN AD VERSIS AD DEORVM
j recurrendum auxilium.
| f~*\ Vtdmnc Sidoneotentdtam PtlUdapepb,
\ \^J}mdamdMLtmm venermes fupplice voct
' Iraiamdivam, referam, & piadonafertntes
\Kcquuquam;nec etiim quit duuriuellere fat*
J Aimalif poterat, vel Ditumfanguiise actus.
! £>utd veferam lachrwat Tbebt*cemugU,& te
! I'urue putt criiiM & (aftdUtra timentem ?
jitit Giiuci itifigntm Diomedemnmntre & arir.it,
\$i»4Mtm%i Pree'li metuendamcufpidu vmhram*
il'el Puridem puhbrh ccmitatu bine Reflate in armie?
\S2ttd tMddtfexto dtuinus eedice Hemerm.

HEcuba & Priam advertisd'Hellemis
Qu'il ce falloi t arrr* et la bouchc de priere
Pour chaffer de leur maux vne panic atriere
A cede fin auffy le pcupley foictadaii*
Et les veux prompt ccnetit liient furl'autter mit
Hecuba taeuil baigne' auchappellet efp&e
Er laiant defplie faid ainfy (a prierre
Deeffe en qui les dieux tant de pou voir ont mis
Appaifc ton courroux & de noftre infortune
Monftre toy deform ait t benignecV oppot rune
Tand*s Hc-3:orfafeblre,!eve le debar
Renou ve;ic ic choc Glaucus Sc Diomede
Combattenr entre urn le Ciel forge vrt retnede
Et les rend boos amis au millieu du combat*
C i

mi ¦¦ " mm

LIB.XXIIII.
A 10KE iMQNITVS ACHILLES PA-
trircddir cadaver Heeler k

LIV.XXIIIL
ACHILLE PAR L'ADVERTISSEMENT
de lupite; ,rend le^orps roorr de Heclor
a Priam.

JL)aiT/ictytj>iaji^3iipaetr,SalUrttiiis, iram.
JMttj/ret vt two. Jutnidancc tuggu&ts ore 3.4>

tSpertiat/ufpfvil* rgicfcntz /tiiicJiei!$>m verbis:

CESSAT POST FV-
| *t>«ra Jivor.
JVpptterirattufktaw Pehdit ob ham,
Etfatarndtrumjam detefiatm AtbiBii :
gutd fit grande nefasfevbewfuneraqtienqum
Pollfatum & dectat sndicltponc7c met am
TuncThttidemnato mmitricem mittit Adnti,
Vt memor buman*fatit,cohtbetefurmrem
Ttiifttt-C mnen/itm difcM emprfierefafttm.
CtterjtprofeqttHttr votes Ptiamumque fuperbor
Porrtftum amtpedes,atque auto fupplice ytftum
iHviSum natrmsjuvtrtemiUmtmafyft.vA
lliadum : mptfgfifo rogos j liner emq3 'jipultmn.

IVppiter ;

A'cbil* Teiidern il envois
Affin quil dcliaiflTait de plus urar.nifer,
Le corps du pre'ux Hector fr. ns le tnartiiifer,
Ccdieu rout derechcfinscncor renvois
A Pria m.quj Mereur'arcmis fur ia vote
Qui ces yeux tout baigneEOe pou'yoit ejjjniftj
De veoir ainfy o'HccW.la gloire mefprifer
Qui feu ft jadis I'ho&neurde laiupperbeTroic,
AchiH'euft fe r.tnfo^qui moJits aultanrdor
Que pefdit- lc corps rnot.r puis d'-Un dr.ip de fin ot,
Ceg?dnd Mam. feaft couvert & siis cu iepnltute
Par miracle divtft les raortz I'aunis palmiefs
Qon plar.ia fur fa tombs avrcq 1 es lauriers,
Reppnrtdefct a hr.ftant Icur premiere nature*
Fin des i<\. LIV. d'Homeie.
G-4 ,

INTRODUCTION.

A BRIEF REVIEW OF ENGLISH EMBLEM-
' BOOKS PREVIOUS TO a.d. 1618, AND OF
. THE MIRROR OF MAJESTY ITSELF.

MBLEM-BOOKS by English authors have
never been numerous, and. seldom original in

their conception and execution. The ground
was occupied by the writers of Italy, France,
and Germany, and thence were works of an emblematic
character transplanted to England, receiving. such pruning
and dressing as might accommodate them to another
climate and soil. Our elder poets indeed make it evident
that there was no deficiency among us of fancy to
devise and of language to express thoughts in emblems.
Chaucer's Prioress {Cant. Tales, v. 160) had
" a broche of gold fujl shene,
On which was ¦fistSt ywriten a crouned A,
And after, Amor vincit omnia."
The Romaunt of the Rose abound? in allegorical descrip
tions, among which may especially be named, THE GOD
of Love, -and his "bachelere" Swete Looking, with
"turke bowes two,," arid "ten brode arrowes" in two
bundles. In five of them, v. 948 ;
" all was golde men might see,
Out-take the- feathers. and the tree.

66 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
The swiftest of these an-owes five
Out of a bow for to drive,
And beste feathered for to flie,
And fairest eke, was cleped Beautie."
The Well of Love is afterwards described, v. 1567, and the
writer says, — " Downe at the bottome set saw I
Two cristal stones craftely
In thilke fresh and faire well,
But o thing soofhly dare I tell."
The " two cristal stones " are the one " the mirrour
perillus " ; the other the mirrour in which among a
thousand things more he saw, v. 165 1, —
" A roser charged full of roses
That with an hedge about encloses."
The monk of Bury St. Edmunds, John Lydgate, after
wards to be mentioned, in his rendering of the Dance of
Macaber into English rhymes, presents no less than four
subjects for emblems in his four lines on God's Providence.
" God hath a thousand handes to chastise,
A thousand dartes of .punicion ;
A thousand bowes made in divers wise ;
A thousand arblasts bent in his dongeon. ''
The Turns of Fortune, by Sir Thomas Wyatt, need but
" the pictures and short poesies " to be rendered into very
expressive emblems ; as —
" He is not dead that sometime had a fall !
The sun returns that hid was under cloud,
And when fortune hath spit out all her gall,
I trust good luck to me shall be allowed ;
For I have seen a ship in haven full,
After the storm had broke both mast and shroud.
The willow eke, that stoopeth with the wind
Doth rise again, and greater wood doth bind."
So also might be rendered, from Dunbar's Dance of ihe
seven deadly Sins, the expressive lines, where
¦ first of all in dance was Pride,

With hair coiled back and bonnet on side,
Like to make vaistie wanes ;

BADGES OF ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS. 67
And round about him as a wheel.
Hung all in rumples to the heel,
His kethat for the nanes.
Mony proud trompour with him trippit ;
Through scalding fire ay as they skippit,
They girned with hideous granes," "
Lastly, Lord Sackville's description of Misery, Sleep,
and Old Age, at the beginning of the Mirrovr for Magis
trates, shows how readily proverb and picture might be
employed to give to portions of his work all the charac
teristics of emblematical device. Miseryjs plight has been
portrayed, and the graphic description thus goes on : —
" By him lay heevy Sleep, the cousin ofdeath,
Flat on the ground, and still as any stone,
A very corpse save yielding- forth a breath :
Small kepe took he wh,om Fortune frowned on ;
Or whom she lifted up into the throne
Of high renown ; but as a living death,
So dead alive, of life he drew the breath."
If we may rely on the testimony of Neugebaverus in
his Selectorum Symbolorvm Heroicvm Centvria gemina,
Francfort, 1619,* a year only after the Mirrovr of Maiestie,
there were Emblems in use by ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS
as early as the conquest of England by the Duke of
Normandy. To William I., king of England, he assigns
a Lion erect and preparing to meet an engine of war, and
two spears, — the motto FORTITER RESISTENDVM, Brqvely
must we withstand.
Henry I. has a ladder, the motto, Per gradvs velox, Swift by the steps-
Henry II. an anchor erect, Fata viam invenient, The fates will find
a way. **•*. A work of very similar character, of which we have the beautiful 12th
edition, 1666, before us, had appeared in 1601, 1602, and 1603, containing
about 350 Emblems, with their mottoes and devices. The title is " Symbola
Divina et Humana Pontificvm Imperatorum Regum ; et Symbola varia
diversorum principum ; Ex musseo Oct'avii de Strada, cum Isagoge lac.
Typotii, &c." Egidius Sadder. Praga. Foi. The selection by Neuge
baverus is greatly indebted to the Symbols divine and human of Qctavius de
Strada. There are also about 1 60 mottoes, devices, and quatrains without pictures,
i. e. 160 nude Emblems, in Le Vassevr's " Devises des Emperevrs Romains,
tant Italiens que Grecs & Alle'mans, depuis Iules Cassar iusques a Rodolphe II.
a present regnant. " i2mo., pp. 80, '.' A Paris, m.dcviii,"

68 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
Edward I., King of England and Ireland, a covered enclosure, Hinc
FORTIVS IBO, Hence more bravely will I go.
Edward II., a spider's web, with ARDENTIOR IBO, More eagerly will I go.
Edward III., King of England, France, and Ireland," a whale sporting with
little fishes, Assentatione morior, By flattery I die.
Richard II., a serpent twined about stalks of laurel and palm, that form an
oval wreath with a crown above, Regis victori^e ac virtvtibus, For the
king's victory and virtues.
Henry IV. , an altar supporting an erect sword and crown, Pro ARA et
Regni cvstodia, For the altar and safety of the kingdom.
Henry V., an eagle holding a garland in its beak, IMPERII SPES ALTA
fvtvri, The high hope of future empire.
Henry VII., a crane with one leg on a globe, and in the other grasping a
stone, Non dormit qvi cvstodit, He sleeps not who guards.
Henry VIII., a portcullis of six beams, surmounted by a crown, Secvritas
altera, A double safeguard ; also, the rose and crown ; Rvtilans Rosa
sine spina, The red rose without a thorn.
From another source {Gentleman's Magazine, 1819, pt. ii.
pp. 1 30-1 3 1 ; and 1826, pt. ii. pp. 201-203), we learn that,
on some occasions, Henry VII. adopted, for his badge, the
white and red roses in union ; and on other occasions,
in reference to Bosworth field, the crown in a bush :
Henry VIII. made use also of the device of an archer
drawing his arrow to the head ; Edward VI. chose for
¦ himself a sun, or the phcenix, with the motto, Nascatvr
VT ALTER, That another may be born. Mary, as princess,
preferred the white and red rose and a pomegranate
knotted together ; as queen, Time drawing truth out of a
well, the words being VERITAS TEMPORIS FILIA, Truth
the daughter of time. Of Elizabeth's badges we find
mentioned her mother's falcon,* or rather dove ; and the
crown and sceptre, but most frequently a sieve. Among
the mottoes were Semper eadem, Always the same, and
Video et taceo, / see and am silent.
The foregoing account of Emblems or Badges adopted
by the Sovereigns of England, is very far indeed from
being exhaustive, neither is it to be regarded as possessing
absolute certainty. Many might be added, — some might
be controverted, — but for such as have been mentioned,
the authority relied on has been adduced.
* In Symb. div. et hum., ed. 1673, p. 302, Queen Anna Boleyn has for
device a star shining within the serpent- circle, surmounted by a crown, and on
the scroll Fato prvdentia MAIOR, Wisdom greater than fate.

BADGES OF ENGLISH NOBLES. 69
The nobles too and gentry of England followed the
example of the sovereigns, in appropriating to themselves,
each a badge or device, and motto. A manuscript in the
British Museum (Bibl. Cotton Claudius, CIII. Plut. xxi.
F. 4), Names and Arms of Knights from 1485 to 1624,
gives many undoubted proofs of heraldic devices ; and the
Covntesse of Pembroke's A rcadia ; written by Sir Philippe
Sidnei, proves by the mottoes and devices on the shields
of the knights, the abundant knowledge of the subject and
readiness of invention which' the author possessed. Amply
sufficient, however, on this point is it to adduce the au
thority of Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, in his admirable
introduction to the Chief Victories of the Emperor Charles
the Fifth, p.xxiiitf, where he speaks of the Emperor's
" usual and favourite device," the Pillars and Plus ultra,
as "one of -the most famous of its class": — "when such
inventions were held in high esteem," and " the noble
gentlemen of Europe, in adorning their glorious triumphs,
declared their iriward pretensions, purposes, and enter-
prizes, not by speech or any apparent manner, but
shadowed under a certain veil of forms and figures," and
"when it was the fashion for men of all degrees to clothe
in symbolic shape their sympathies or antipathies, their
sorrows, joys, or affections, or the hopes and ambitions of
their lives." To set forth then a Mirrovr of Maiestie, like
the work now reproduced, was simply to collect together
the recognized distinctions of rank, or in some cases to
invent, as in many previous instances, the devices and
the mottoes which were deemed suitable to the persons
represented. In the CENTVRIA gemina, the double hundred of
Choice Heroic Symbols, before quoted from, are several
Emblems assigned to kings of Scotland and of Denmark ;
these we purpose introducing among the plates illus
trative of the Mirrovr of Maiestie ; but we will here
simply note down what Peacham testifies in his Minerva
Britanna, ed. 16 12.
"Who hath ever seene," he asks, "more wittie, proper, and significant
devises than those of Scotland ? (to omit more auncient times) as that of King

70 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
James the third, devising for himselfe (to expresse the care he had of his country
and People) a Hen sitting over her Chickens, with the word Non dormit qui
custodit ; as also James the fowrth taking to himself a bifront, or double face,
plac't vpon the top of a Columne : the heades crowned with Laurell, the
word Vti-umque : meaning (as it is thought) he would constantly and advisedly,
like Janus, observe the proceedings as well of the French as the English,
holding them both at that time in Ielousie. Many and very excellent have I
seene of his Maiesties owne Invention,* who hath taken herein in his younger
years great delight and pleasure, by which thou maiest see, that we are not so
dull as they would imagine us, nor our Soule so barren as that we neede to
borrow from their Sunne-burnt braines our best Invention. "
Of early English-Emblem BOOKS a prominent place
may be assigned to ©Je -ffibe 2I2Eount(g Of CDfm'st. 33g
SSEtlltattl 3Bgllmg,t written between the years 1400 and
1430. The original, according to William Bateman, of
Darby, near Matlock, the editor of the 4to Manchester
edition, 18 14, — is " a finely illuminated parchment roll of
about two yards and three quarters in length." There are
seven illuminated and seven outline plates, and the texts
bordered at the sides by a pinnacle and statue, — on the
top by a cherub between two death's heads, — and at the
foot by an unclothed skeleton lying on the ground.
The' fourth illuminated picture is of a wounded hand
' with golden rays issuing from it ; on the scroll is embla
zoned the line " tfjf tfjE foell of grace," and below the
stanza : —
* From one of the king's letters, dated at Newcastle, on his journey to take
possession of his English throne, it is evident that he busied himself with
issuing commands for the striking of several new coins against the time of his
coronation. He minutely describes the arms, quarterings, and mottoes, and
while his name and titles were to be around his head, he chose as the word for
the shield Exvrgat Devs dissipentvr inimici, Let God arise and my
enemies shall be scattered. With such facts we need not cancel the rendering
of the word " devise'" in some lines quoted in Shakespeare and the Emblem
Writers, p. 122 : — ' ' Maintenant, devise, &° coquette,
Rtgi par la Seine Jaquette."
Now, chitter-chatter and Emblemes
Ruled by our Queen, the little James.
t A writer in Notes and Queries, Jan. 30th, 1869, p. 103, on mentioning the
monogram JKEilhtt iStllgltg, says, " I take it, then, that Billyng was only the
copier of the poems, not the author." Under the date March 6th, 1869,
p. 229, we are informed by Llewellyn Jewett, "that the original parchment
is at Lomberdale House."

BILL YNG—L YDGA TE. 7 1
" fgagle foelle of grace most precgouse in Ijonoure
3n tfjc ftmtges Wt fjanDe set of tentsalcm
Stettur fljanne -bafome is tto sfaete Isrore
OTjieifje in largesse to its Botlj obit estrerae
Sia precms a floBe is in no ftgnges reame
©f perfgte grace tfroin art restoratgft
¦ano in alle totu most *preseruatgfe."
At the end of the work are six stanzas beginning,
"<£rtii o&rte of ertfj is Snoroerlg Sororfjt
JFfor ortfj Jjatjj geten of ertjj a no*hul ttong of nogljt
®rtfj appon ertfe ijatf** set alle ijgs Hjogljt
?§ofii ertije uppn ertlje mag 6e y^afy iroglit."
About the same time "with Billyrig flourished John
Lydgate, Monk of Bury, who, it is said, wrote above 250
poems,* the greater part, however, of only a few leaves in
extent. He died in 1460 and is now chiefly remembered
for introducing into English rhymes The Daunce of Macha-
bre, London, 1554, and given by Douce in the reprint of
1790. "Whereon is lively expressed and shewed The
state of manne, And how he is called at uncertayne
tymes by Death, and when he thinketh least thereon."
Under Henry VI. Lydgate's verses were set up in the
great cloister on the north side of the old cathedral
church of St. Paul, London, to explain the personages
who took part in the Dance or March of Death, which
had been painted there on the walls. They were pre
served in this place until the reign of Edward VIV when,
according to Stowe's Survey of London, edition 1,720,
vol. i. bk. 3, p. 145, " in the year 1549, on the ioth of April,
the said Chappel, by Commandement of the Duke of
Somerset, was begun to be pulled down, with the whole
Cloister, the Dance of Death, the Tombs and Monuments."
Another work " by Ihn Lidgate Monke of Berry " was
printed at London in 1614; a folio of 318 pages in
double columns ; it is " The Life and Death of
Hector ; One and the first of the most puissant,
* In Speght's Workes of our antient and learned English Poet Geffrey
Chaucer, London, 1598, at folio 398 there is an account, or rather catalogue,
of Lydgate's Translations and Poetical Devises.

72 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
Valiant, and Renowned Monarches of the zvorld called the
Nyne worthies!' Within the richly ornamented title-page
the anachronism is committed of placing the escutcheon of
America on a book first dedicated "vnto the high and
mightie Prince HENRY the Fift."
Some evidence of Lydgate's knowledge of device may
be adduced from Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum,
edition 1849, iii., Note 99, p. 104. Besides the numerous
limnings, one hundred and twenty, on his MS. Life of St
Edmund, " which formerly belonged to King Henry VI.,
are representations of Two BANNERS, feigned by the
poet to have been borne by St. Edmund in his war against
the Danes. The first represents Adam and Eve by the
tree of life, about to eat the forbidden fruit, which is
reached to the woman by the serpent, who appears down
the middle with a human shape. Above is the Holy
Lamb with a gold circle and a glory about its head ; its
right foot bearing up a golden cross fleuree fitchee. The
red ground of this banner within the circle which contains
the Lamb is powdered with _ crescents, and without with
stars, all of gold, as is the tree itself. The figures of the
woman, serpent, and man, the apples and the Lamb, are all
of silver. The second banner represents the coat of arms
belonging to the abbey, Az. three crowns Or: the crowns,
according to the poet, signifying royal dignity, virginity,
and martyrdom. Lydgate represents St. Edmund to have
used this banner ' at Geynesburuhe.' "
Sir Thomas More, who was born in 1480, has left suffi
cient proof of his knowledge of Emblem-writings and of
his power to imitate them. What he did in this way are
indeed only fragments executed by him about A.D. 1495
or 1496, and the pictorial delineations themselves have
perished with the fair cloth on which they were painted.
From his Works,* printed in 1557, we extract the fol
lowing notice : —
* Within a monumental border the title runs : " The workes of Sir
Thomas More Knight, some tyme Lorde Chancellour of England, wrytten by
him in the Englysh tonge. Printed at London at the cosies and charges of John
Cawood, John Waly, and Richaide Tottel. Anno 1557." Small folio.
Initial pages 36, unnumbered, 1 — 1458 numbered ; total pp. 1494.

MORE. 73
" Mayster Thomas More in his youth devysed in hys
fathers house in London, a goodly hangyng of fyne
paynted clothey with nyne pageauntes, and verses ouer of
euery of these pageauntes : which verses expressed and
declared, what the ymages in those pageauntes repre
sented : and also in those pageauntes were paynted, the
thynges that the verses ouer thern dyd (iri effecte) declare,
which verses here fdllowe."
The subjects of these "nyne pageauntes," all written
in English, except the last, which is in Latin, are GDf)gIlJ=
¦ftott, J-tflanhoU, Fenus an& ©upgfce, &ge, 30etj&, Jame,
©gme, lEternttee, and ©fje $oet.*
" En the st'xt pageant foas pamteb latin jFatne. gtnti bntter
ter fete foas the picture of Death that tons in the fifth pageant.
&nif ouer thfe gtxt pageatmt tfje fotttpng foas as folofoetf) : —

"ir
JFame 1 am caEeS, maruagle gou notfjmg,
Cfjough. isitlj tonges am compasseo all rounoe
Jor in faogce of people is mg rijtefeitugng.
ffi cruel leatijr, tijg pofoer I confouritre.
TOijm thou a noole man ijast taught to grounlie
•CBtaugtn tijg teetijt to Igbe cause ijgm shall JE,
ffif people in perpetuatrmemorg."
The progress which books of Emblems made in Eng- "/--
land may next be marked by two translations from
Brandt's barren Sbtjgff, Bale, 1494, which were printed
in London in the year 1509. The one rendered
through the French by Henry Watson, The Shyppe OF
FOOLES, came from the press of " Wynkyn de Worde
MCCCGCIX " ; the other, through Latin, French, and Ger
man, by Alexander Barclay, ©fje S»hgp of JfoIgS of tfje
JSSSorl&e was " Imprinted in the Cyte of London by
Richard Pynson M.D.IX." Barclay's translation was re
peated in 1570 by Cawood, "Printer to the Queenes
Maiestie." Of the style of this work we maf* judge
by the Foolish Book-Collector's description of his own
pursuits. * See Dibdin's Typ. Antiquities, ii. p. 431. C

74 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
' " I am the first foole of all the whole Navie
To keepe the Pompe, the Helme, and eke the Sayle.:;
For this is my minde, this one pleasure have I,
Of bookes to have great plentie and apparayle.
I take no wisdome by them, nor yet avayle,
Nor them perceave not, and then I them despise ;
Thus am I a foole, and all that sue that guise,
That on this Ship the chief place I governe
By this wide Sea with fooles wandring,
The cause is plaine and easy to discerne,
Still am I busy bookes assembling,
For to have plentie, it is a pleasaunt thing
In my conceyt, and to have them ay in hande ;
But what they meane do I not understande. "
Barclay was priest, or chaplain of the college of Ottery
St. Mary, Devonshire, and afterwards monk of Ely.
Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 25, supplies evidence that he
"was employed by Henry VIII. to compose the impressas,
&c. used at the Field of Cloth of Gold," A.D. 1520. To
the 1570 edition of the Shyp of Folys of the Worlde is
attached an Emblematical work translated from Domini-
cus Mancinus, Libellus de quattuor virtutibus, edition 1484:
it is entitled, " Tlie Mirrour of Good Maners," " containing
the foure Cardinal Vertues." The Myrrour of good Maners,
however, was first printed by "Ry chard Pynson," and then
with the types of Wynkyn de Worde, circa 15 16.
The year 1520 gave welcome to an English version
of the Dgalogus GEreaturarum,— a collection of Latin
fables, to which, in the fourteenth century, was appended
the name of Nicolas Pergaminus, and which was first
printed by Gerard Leeu, at Gouda, in 1480. The English
title is The Dialoges of Creatures moralyzed, " of late tras-
lated out of latyn in to our Englysshe tonge, right profitable
to the gouernaunce of man." Of the 122 devices in simple
outline the Shakespeare Emblems, p. 52, offer two examples;
The Sun and the Moon, and The Wolf and the Ass. In
the Royal Library at the Hague there is a beautifully^
illuminated copy of the original work. Haslewood in
1 8 16 reprinted 100 copies ; but above half were de
stroyed by an accidental fire, and thus the reprint itself,
though very modern, is very rare.

BIBLE FIGURES— PETRARCH. 75
Assuming, as we may do, that devices followed by
stanzas are characteristics of Emblem-Books,, there may
here be named in the series, Quadins kistoriques de la
Bible, Historic Picture-frames of the Bible, with designs
¦by "the little Bernard," published at Lyons between 1553
and 1583. Of these there was an English version ; and at
Lyons, in 1553, appeared " The true and lyuely Portreatures
of the woll Bible (translated into English metre by Peter
Dorendel)." A short time before, in 1549, had also been issued by
John Frellon, of Lyons, " The Images of the Old Testament,
— set forthe in Ynglishe and French, vuith a playn and
brief exposition " ; and this work may be said to have had
its herald in 1535, when Story s and Prophesis were
" prentyd in Andwarpe."
The pretty little volume by William de la Perriere, Le
Theatre des bons Engins, auquel sont contenu cent Em-
blemes," bears the date, Paris 1539; but except "a fragr
ment of an English translation " in the noble Emblem
Library at Keir, in Scotland, no English version is known ;
but by the cast of the type and by the woodcuts, this
English translation " might be of the sixteenth century,
and probably as early as Daniell's Jovius!'
According to Ames's Antiquities of Printing, Herbert's
edition, p. 1 570, the Emblems of the famous Italian-
lawyer, Andrew Alciat, were published in an English
version in 1551 ; but this account is very apocryphal, and
as yet unsupported by other testimony.
Gli Triumphi del Petrarcha, Triumphs of Love,
Chastity, and Death, had, in the Venice editions of 1500
and 1523, been adorned with vignettes and wood-engrav
ings; but it was not until about the year 1560 that the
work was translated into English, also with wood-engrav
ings, and bore the title " The Tryumphes of Fraunces
Petrarcke," "by Henry Parker knyght, lorde Morley."*
The long popularity of Petrarch's Triumphi is attSsted by
* "On 25th Nov., 1556, he, by the death of his aged grandfather succeeded
to the barony of Morley." "He died 22 Oct.,' 1577." For particulars of
him see Athence Cantabrigienses, i, pp. 378 and 566.

76 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
English translations in 1644, 1807, 1836, and 1859, to
which are attached the names of Mrs. Anne Hume, Henry
Boyd, Lady Dacre, and Thomas Campbell.
The allegorical, not to name them the emblematical
Visions of Petrarch, as well as those of Bellay, Spenser
exhibited at an early period of his life. These, together
with the Visions of the World's Vanitie, present " a series of
Emblems."* We subjoin one of them, The Phcenix, from
Petrarch : — " I saw a Phcenix in the wood alone,
With purple wings, and crest of golden hewe ;
Strange bird he was, whereby I thought anone,
That of some heavenly wight I had the vewe ;
Untill he came unto the broken tree,
And to the spring, that late devoured was.
Why say I more ? each thing at last we see
Doth passe away : the Phcenix there alas,
Spying the tree destroid, the water dride,
Himselfe smote with his beake, as in disdaine,
And so foorthwith in great despight he dide ;
That yet my heart burnes, in exceeding paine,
For ruth and pitie of so haples plight :
O ! let mine eyes no more see such a sight. "
Emblems, as the author names them, or posies, are
added to each part of The Shepheards Calender, and the
Structure of the eclogues or tales bears directly upon the
subjects. Take Colin's Emblem for November, La mort
NY MORD, death byteth not, and follow up the tale of Dido's
death until ' She hath the bonds broke of eternall night,"
'  ¦ raignes a goddesse now emong the saintes
That whilome was the saynt of shepheards light,
And is enstalled nowe in heavens hight.
I see thee, blessed soule ! I see
Walk in Elisian fieldes so free.
O happy herse !
Might I once come to thee, (O that I might !)
O ioyfull verse."
* See Spenser's Life prefixed to Moxon's 1856 edition of his works,
pp. x. and xi.

And—

GIOVIO— RUSCELLI— SIDNEY. 77
It is to be noted how every part of the narrative con
duces to the exposition of the theme, death byteth not.
" For," adds the author, " although by course of nature we be borne to die,
and being ripened with age, as with timely harvest, we must be gathered in
time ; . . . yet death is not to be coveted for evill, nor (as the Poet said a
title before) as doome of ill desert. For though the trespasse of the first man
brought death into the world, as the guerdon of sinne, yet being overcome by
the death of one that died for all, it is now made (as Chaucer saith) the greene
pathway of life. So that it agreeth well with that was saide, that Death
byteth not (that is) hurteth not at all."
Among the early treatises on Emblems the first place
is to be assigned to Paolo Giovio's DlALOGO dell Imprese
Militari et Amore; or, as it is sometimes entitled,
RAGIONAMENTO, Discourse concerning the words and devices
of arms and of love, which are commonly named Emblems.
Closely allied in subject and in treatment are Ruscelli's
DISCORSO, Venice, 1556, and Domenichi's RAGIONAMENTO,
of the same city and year.
The correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney with Languet
in 1572 shows that he was acquainted with Ruscelli's
Imprese illustri ; and the mottoes and devices in the
Arcadio, as we have noticed, give evidence of his general
knowledge of the Emblem Art. The knowledge spread in
his native land, and in 1585 to the English reader was
offered " The worthy tract of Paulus Iouius, con-
tayning a Discourse of rare inuentions both Militarie and
Amorous called Imprese. Whereunto is added a Preface,
contayning the Arte of composing them, with many other
notable deuises. By Samuell Daniell late Student in
Oxenforde." As a specimen of Giovio's Worthy Tract we select a
passage in Daniell's translation, where Lorenzo the Mag
nificent is spoken of as symbolizing Faith, Hope, and
Charity. Giovio himself is the speaker, and says : — -
" I canot go beyond the three Diamats which the great Cosimo did leave,
which you see engraven in the chamber wherein I lye. But to tell you the
trueth, although with all diligece I have searched, yet canot I find precisely
what they signifie ; & thereof also doubted Pope Clemet, who ;in. his meaner
fortune lay also in the self same chamber. And trueth it is that he sayd, the .
Magnifico Lorenzo vsed one of them with greate brauerie, inserting it betweene

78 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
three feathers of three sundrie colours, greene, white and red : which betokened
three vertues, Faith, Hope and Charitie, appropriate to those three colours :
Hope, greene ; Faith, white ; Charitie, red ; with the worde Semper belowe it.
Which Impresa hath bene used of all the successors of his house, yea, and of
the Pope : who did beare it imbrodered on the vpper garments of the horsmen
of his garde, vnder that of the yoke."
Of Doni's three Emblem works, I MONDI, the Worlds;
I MARMI, the Marbles ; and La MORAL FiLOSOFiA, Moral
Philosophy, all printed at Venice, 1552-53, the last, "*(£*{je
J-tftoraU Pbtlosopfrte Oi Uont, drawne out of the aun
cient writers," " was englished out of italien by Sir Th.
North." It is a 4to, printed in 1570 and again in 1601,
and was dedicated to Robert, Earl of Leicester, the patron
of Whitney's Emblems.
In. the Colophon, North's translation declares, " Here
endeth the Treatise of the Morall Philosophic of Sende-
bar." Now the Parables of Sendebar, or Sendebad, were
a Hebrew work, says Brunet, v. 294, which was itself
derived from the Arabic version of a work originally
composed in India, and identical with the Fables of
Bidpay, or Pilpay. Among translations of Bidpay are
ranked Doni's Moral Filosofia, and North's English- ver
sion. (See Brunet's Manuel, i. 936, 938, 939.)
Another most popular book of Emblems, and most
deservedly so, was the little volume by Claude Paradin,
canon of Beaujeu, — DEVISES HEROIQUES, Lyons, 1557.
With motto, woodcut, and prose description, it furnishes
much information, and abounds in interesting details. To
whom the initials P. S. belong, that appear as those of
the English translator, London, 1591, is not ascertained ;
nor do Lowndes, J. Payne Collier, and W. Carew Hazlitt,
venture on a conjecture. The title is, " The Heroicall
Devises of M. Clavdivs Paradin, Canon of Beauieu, Where-
unto are added the Lord Gabriel Symeons and others."
It is very generally acknowledged that Shakespeare was
4- acquainted with this translation, and probably with the
original. The paths of the Herald and of the Emblematist, even
if they do not run into one another and cross and double.

PA RA DIN—B YNNEMA N— WHITNE Y: 79
are so close together as not to be distinguishable in all
instances. We may, therefore, here give place to a notice
of a black-letter book of no mean fame, which first ap
peared with woodcuts and other illustrations, on the last
day of December, 1562 ; — namely, " Gerard Leigh's
gUeeifenS Of ^trmorg, Imprinted at London in Fletestrete
within Temple barre, at the signe of the hande and
starre, by Richard Tottill." After two editions in 1591 and
1597, the work was re-issued with .numerous heraldic
woodcuts and ornaments, THE ACCIDENCE OF ARMORIE,
sm. 4to, 161 2.
Vander Noot's Theatre auquel sont exposes et inontrh les
inconveniens et miseres qui suiuent les mondains et vicieux,
&c, bears the imprint " Londres chez lean Day 1568,"
and is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. This work was
followed the next year, 1569, by an English version,
attributed to Henry Bynneman. (See Hazlitt's Hand-Book,
p. 625, for the full title.) It is very noteworthy, that
at the beginning of the volume there are twenty-one
epigrams and sonnets, illustrated by woodcuts, which
Spenser translated at an early period of his life ; for " he
was matriculated" (see Ath. Cantabrigienses, ii. p. 258)
"as a sizar of Pembroke Hall, 20 May, 1569," when,
according to the received biography, he was only sixteen
years of age. The translations, to which we have before
alluded, p. 76, were from Petrarch and Joachim du Bellay ;
and by reference to Les Oeuvres du Bellay, ed. a Rouen,
1592, Spenser's renderings, although the earliest of his
labours, are found to be both exact and spirited.
Of closer agreement than any preceding work in
Englishj with an Emblem-book's form and subjects, was
Geffrey Whitney's " Choice of Emblemes and other
DEVICES, For the moste part gathered out of sundrie
writers, Englished and Moralized, And divers newly de
vised." " Imprinted at Leyden M.D.LXXXVI." 4to. Whitney
was a native of Cheshire, and his work bears evidence to
his learning. To each of his 248 Emblems, except one at
p. 61, .there is a woodcut as well as a motto, and one or
more stanzas. The work is confessedly a compilation,

80 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
and above 220 of the mottoes and devices have been
traced to their original sources ; indeed 202 are identical
with those of the five emblematists, Andrew Alciat, 1492-
1550; Claude Paradin, 1510-1590; John Sambucus, 1531-
1583; Hadrian Junius, 1511-1575; and Gabriel Faerno,
who died in 1561 in the prime of life ;* and twenty-three
others are gathered out of sundry other writers.
A rank among Emblem-works is claimed -by Abraham
Fraunce, author of the Lamentations of Amyntas, 1587,
for his 4to volume printed in London in 1588, and entitled
Insignivm, Armorvm, Emblematvm, Hieroglyphi-
CORVM, ET SYMBOLORUM, quae ab Italis Imprese nomi-
nantur, explicatio." The Explication is in three books :
I. Concerning Insignia ; II. Concerning Arms ; III. Con
cerning Symbols, Emblems, and Hieroglyphics. " It does
not appear," remarks Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool
(see Lit. and Phil. Society, 1849), "that he composed any
Emblems in English": and "this work consists very much
of Heraldic deductions and of conventional rules and
distinctions which had been discussed very largely by
former writers. Moreover it ought to be classed rather
with the treatises on Devices and Symbols than among
Books of Emblems."
A similar judgment, and if we follow J. Payne Collier's
Bibliographical and Critical Catalogue of early English
Literature, vol. ii. p. 549, a far more severe judgment, must
be pronounced on Wyrley's TRUE VSE OF ARMORIE
shewed by Historie and plainly proued by example, &c."
pp. 169, London, 4to, 1592. The work contains wood
cuts of " Banners, Ensignes, and markes of nobleness and
chevalrie " ; but according to Collier's just criticism, " it
really possesses no merit but of a technical kind, and the
two long poems, of which it mainly consists, are about
the worst performances in verse that appeared at a date
remarkable for the excellence of its poetry."
* For full information respecting Geffrey Whitney himself, his family, and
his Emblems, with their origin, reference is made to the fac-simile Reprint
of 1866, 4to, pp. Ixxxviij and 440; with an Introductory Dissertation, Essays
Literary and Bibliographical, and Explanatory Notes, by Henry Green, M.A.

WILLET— COMBE. 81
In' his Wits Commonwealth, Meres accounts Combe,
Whitney, and Willet, as worthy tb be compared with
"these Emblematists, Andreas Alciatus, Reusnerus, and
Sambucus." The Emblem-works of Thomas Combe are
generally supposed to have perished, but W. Carew
Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 116, preserves the title thus: —
" The theater of fine Devices, cofeyning 100 morall
emblems, translated out of Fr. by Tho. Combe. Licensed
to Rich. Field in 1 592." Not a word of comment is added ;
but the title itself, and- the phrase " translated out of Fr.,"
induce the inquiry, Was the French work from which
Combe made his version La Perriere's Theatre des bons
Engins auquel sont contenus cent Emblemes. f And if so, is
not the fragment of an English translation of La Perriere,
which Sir William Stirling-Maxwell possesses, a relic of
Combe's work ? The conjecture receives countenance of
truth from Hazlitt's notice of Guillaume de Perrier,
p. 453 ; — " 1. Emblems. Translated into English. Circa
1 591. i6mo. No perfect copy has been found. (Combe.)"
Andrew Willet, named as we have mentioned in Wits
Commonwealth, is greatly praised in Fuller's Worthies,
i. 238. Hazlitt, Hand-Book, p. 657, confounds Andrew with
Rowland Willet, of Hart Hall, Oxford ; but though the
author's name does not appear on the title-page of the
Emblems, the dedication to Robert Devereux, Earl of
Essex, who was elected chancellor of Cambridge 10th of
August, 1598,* and the printing of SACRORVM Emble-
matvm Centvria VNA, by John Legate, printer to the
university of Cambridge, even were there not also positive
testimony, show the work to have been the production of
Andrew, and not of Rowland Willet. The volume itself
is a quarto of 84 pages, but the Emblems are nude, that
is, without woodcuts.
To each Emblem there are usually appended a motto, a
text from Scripture, some Latin verses, and then a*trans-
lation into English. The Dedication to the Earl of Essex
occupies four pages, and the first Emblem is curiously
* See Athena Cantabrigienses, ii. p. 298.

82 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
laudatory of Queen Elizabeth : "Boni principis encomium,"
the praise of a good Prince. Like the fanciful stanzas of
Simias the Rhodian, this Emblem has its Latin verses of
24 lines, arranged in the form of a clipped stunted tree, as
given in the reprint of Whitney's Emblemes, p. xx., wherey
by going down the left hand of the lines and taking the
first letter of each line, and then up the right hand of the
lines and taking the last letter of each line, the acrostic
is formed: ELISABETHAM REGINAM DIV NOBIS SERVET
Iesvs incolvmem. Amen. — Elisabeth queen long for us
may Jesus keep unharmed. Amen.
The title is a long one, yet, because of the rarity of the
work, we subjoin it : —
" Sacrorvm Emblematvm Centvria vna, quae tam ad exemplum apte
expressa sunt, et ad aspectum pulchre depingi possunt, quam quae aut si
veteribus accepta, aut inventa ab aliis hactenus extant. In tres classes dis-
tributa, quarum prima emblemata Typica, sive Allegorica : Altera historica,
sive re gesta : Tertia Physica a rerum natura sumpta continet. Omnia a
purissimis Scripture fontibus derivata, et Anglo-latinis versibus reddita.
Ezechielis cap. iiij. vers. j. — ij.
"Ex officina Johannis Legate florentissimas Academias Cantabrigiensis
Typographi." 4to, circa 1598. ,
The 67th Emblem, " Puerorum educatio," the education
of boys, affords a specimen of Willet's English style : —
" A Scholler must in youth be taught,
And three things keepe in minde ful sure,
God's worship that it first be sought,
And manners then with knowledge pure ;
In Church, in scoole, at table must he
Deuout, attent, and handsome be. "
Of Andrew Willet, Collier's Early English Literature,
vol. ii. p. 524, gives an estimate and examples, but omits
perhaps the most beautiful of his emblems, the 37th,—
Christ instantly present to him who prays aright. The lines
are as follow : — -
' ' The curtains wrought with pictures were
hanging in holy place ;
The Cherubs did with wings appeare,
and gave a goodly grace.
The house of prayer Angels -frequent,
and Christ him selfe is there,

Then seeing these are alwayes present
we ought to pray with feare.

THE MIRROVR OF POLICIE. 83
. Certainly of Emblem proclivities is the curious work
which is next mentioned : —
" The Mirrovr of Policie. A Worke no lesse pro
fitable than necessarie, for all Magistrates, and Gouernours
of Estates and Commonweales," (Emblematical device of
scales, with a serpent in one dish outweighing a cat in the
other ; the scales are surmounted by a bird's head crowned,
and around the whole runs the motto " QviBVS RESPVBLICA
conservetvr.") "London. Printed by Adam Islip.
1 598." Colophon. Finisr
, 4to vol. measuring 1.9 decimetres by 1.43 ; or 7.48 Eng. inches by 5.63 ; full
pages 1.65 d. by .87; the tree devices about 1.4 d. by .95.
: Register. If in 2, A — LI iij in 4s = 136 leaves, all unnumbered.
Contents. l"ij, the Printer to the Reader. A^-1X iij, "The Mirrovr of
Policie." The work is divided into a series of trees, each having a
root, from which the branches spring. Of the trees there
are seventeen, and the nature of the subjects represented by
them may be perceived from two or three : —
' A ij verso. " The three kinds of a good Commonweale : —
Best of al. Better. Good.
A kingdome. The power of the best The power of such as are
men. meanly rich.
Regnum. Optimoru- potestas. Censu potestas.
' ftaaiXsla. AptfoXpatia. : TifioicpaTia."
Ff ij. " The true fashion and image of every good Commonweale,
Priests Sacrifices.
Magistrates Judgements.
The Mobility f Armies.
Citizens Riches. .
Artificers Handicraft.
Husbandmen Food. "
On Ff are the figures of these six orders surrounding a heart in the centre,
within which is placed a fortified city. The same figures are also given sepa
rately, each followed by a description of the nature of his office or calling.
Kk ij verso and Kk iij. "In euerie Countriman that will be called a good
Husbandman, are three things required, To know the nature of the ground,
and the seasons to sow and reape ; Ability to haue oxen, horses, and other
instruments for tillage. A will, to be diligent and carefull to perseSer in his
country labour. "
It is previous to the close of. the sixteenth century that
we should assign the date of a manuscript Emblem-book

84 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
which until lately was in the celebrated Corser collection,
and which bears the title of —
" Crosse his Covert, or a Prosopopceicall Treatise :
Wherein ye whole course, and condition of his fore pointed
time vnto the full Periode of this his declininge age is
ioyntlie deciphered geveing to vnderstande how younge
Novices shoulde bestowe the floweringe Pride of there
youthfull yeares and greene budding daies in Heroicall
exercises, for ye advauncement of theire Countrie, and the
assistaunce of theire friendes, and not vnadvisedlie to trace
withe wearisome waye and labour some Laberinthe of
worldlie vanities, continuallie weavinge the webb of theire
owne woe."
The volume is a quarto of 46 pages, and its measure
ments are 2.02 decimetres by 1.48, or 7,95 Eng. inches by
5.82. The Emblems consist of 44 stanzas of nine lines
each, interspersed with 70 very neatly-drawn devices and
50 shields. Some of the devices are copied from Whitney's
Emblems ; as at p. 16, Et vsque ad nvbes Veritas ; p. 40,
Icarvs ; p. 42, Bacchvs ; p. 44, Occasion, which may be
regarded as the colophon.
Merchant-Taylors' School, established about 1560, is
alluded to " as a famous schoole " founded " by famous
citizens " ; and its first master, Richard Mnlcaster, has
very honourable mention :
' ' To traine up youthe in tongues few might compare '
With Mulcaster, whose fame shall never fade. "
The royal arms, p. 33, are those of Elizabeth and of the
Tudors ; and the reference to the Belgian Dames, pp. 2-6,
agrees with her reign rather than with any other period.
Remarks against popery, p. 16, and various leanings to the
early Puritans, as p. 17, testify to the same conclusion.
The work opens in this way : —
" When Titans fominge steades had girted rounde
The Tropicks Orbe, that bendes to Northen beare :
Before Such time, at rage of Sierian hounde
Incensd-with heate, had caus'd the Lyon teare."

EMBLEMESOFLOVE—GUILLIM. 85
Of the various Emblem-books for which the world was
indebted to Otho Vasnius, or rather to his designs and
drawings, but one contains an English version ;* it is
Amorvm Emblemata, Emblemes of Love, with verses in
Latin, English, and Italian. Antverpise, obi. 4to. M.DCHX.
Of the Devices there are 125, excellent etchings rather
than finished engravings. From the English version we
select one as a specimen : FiNis CORONAT OPVS, Where
the end is good, all is good.
' *" The ship toste by the waues doth to no purpose saile,
Vnlesse the porte shee gayn whereto her course doth tend,
Right so th' euent of love appeereth in the end,
For losse it is to loue and neuer to preuaile. "
The whole work is dedicated " To the moste honorable and
woerthie brothers William Earle of Pembroke, and Philip
Earle of Mountgomerie, patrons of learning and cheualrie."
Of these worthy brothers, William appears in the Mirrovr
of Maiestie as "the Lord Chamberline," p. 22, and Philip
under his own title, as " Earle of Mountgomerie," p. 34.
A. celebrated work, first published in folio in 16 10, was
John Guillim's DISPLAY OF HERALDRY, pp. 284;, it is
dedicated "to his most sacred Maiestie," and attained to
great celebrity. The sixth edition was published in 1724.
Its author, born in Herefordshire in 1565, and dying in
1 62 1, was educated at Brasenose College, Oxford; he
afterwards was a member of the Herald's College, and
in 1617 was appointed rouge-croix pursuivant of arms.
Some have attributed the work to Dr. John Barkham, a
native of Exeter, who died rector and dean of Booking,
and who was highly regarded for "learning, virtue, and
courtesy " ; but the point is a doubtful one.
Henry Peacham, the son of a father and author of the
same names, who in 1577 published The Garden of Elo
quence, was schoolmaster at Wymondham, and besides a
variety of works, of which Hazlitt's Hand-Book, pp. 448-49,
* Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 624, says : "The English verses are by Richard
Verstegan."

86 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
enumerates twenty, sent forth a large 4to in 1612, which
is strictly a book of Emblems ; " MINERVA BRITANNA,
or a Garden of Heroicall Deuises, furnished and adorned
with Emblemes and Impresds of sundry natures." The
volume, to which Whitney seems to have furnished the
model, numbers 232 pages, in two parts. The Emblems
and Devices are 203 ; to each there is a motto, — to many
a dedication, as to the king, princes, and nobles. It has
one new feature as a book of Emblems, in the anagrams of
names to the honour of which certain devices are devoted ;
as p. 14, Elisabetha Steuarta, which contains the
letters out of which may be formed the sentence, Has
Artes beata valet.
Henry Prince of Wales is the great hero of the book ;
but as kings and the chief officers of state are freely in
troduced, it is almost as truly a Glasse for Royaltie as the
work by H. G. is a Mirrovr of Maiestie. From the plates
which will be given at the end of our volume of all the
Emblems by Peacham which name the same personages,
the opportunity will be given for comparing the two works
together, — the Minerva Britanna, however, being by far
the more recondite and learned.
Peacham, in his Address to the Reader, speaks of " the
many and almost vnimitable Impresds of our owne Coun-
trie : as those oi Edward the black Prince, Henry the fourth,
Henry the seuenth, Henry the eight, Sir Thomas More, the
Lord Cromwell, and of later times, those done by Sir Phillip
Sidney* and others." And in the Author's Conclusion
a vision is narrated by him. in very readable stanzas of
the Empresse of the Isles.
" While proudly vnderfoote she trod
Rich Trophceies, and victorious spoiles."
And with proud boastfulness the writer says —
* So, as quoted in Hazlitt's Hand-Book, p. 448, Peacham, in his Compleat
Gentleman, 1622, remarks "The last [Emblems] I have seen have been the
devices of tilting, whereof many were till late reserved in the private gaUery at
Whitehall, of Sir Philip Sidney, the Earl of Cumberland, Sir Henry Leigh,
the Earl of Essex, with many others, most of which I once collected with
intent to publish them, but the charge dissuaded me."

PEACHAM. %7
" Here saw I many a shiver'd launce,
Swordes, Battle-axes, Cannons, Slinges,
With the armes of Portugal and Frounce,
And Crownets of her pettie Kinges.
High-feathered Helmets for the Tilt,
Bowes, Steelie Targets cleft in twaine ;
Coates, Cornets, Armours richly gilt,
With tattered Ensignes out of Spaine,
About her now on every Tree,
(Whereon full oft she cast her eie, )
Hung silver Sheildes, by three and three,
With Pen all limned curiouslie :
Wherein were drawne with skilfull tuch,
Impresds and Devises rare,
Of all her gallant Knightes, and such
As Actors in her Conquestes were."
He passes through the splendid roll of names, a true
Mirror of most illustrious men, from " Great Edward
third," and " valiant Iohn of Lancaster," down to
" Couragious Ormond, Lisle, and Say," and demands —
" where may be found,
These Patrones now of Chivalry."
The whole subject concludes with the assurance—
" Now what they were, on every Tree
Devises new, as well as old,
Of those brave worthies, faithfullie,
Shall in another Booke be told."
Which of Peacham1 s after-works, if any, may claim to
be that " another Booke " does not appear : but about his
" Graphice, or the Most Auncient and Excellent Art of
Drawing and Limning," 4to, 1612, there is an emble
matical character ; and also about " The Gentleman's
Exercise ; or an Exquisite practise, as well for drawing of
all manner of beasts in their true portraitures, as also the
making of all kinds of Colours to be used in lymning,
painting, Sec," 4to, also 1612. Of a fugitive " POEME upon
the Birth and in Honor of the Hopefull yong Prince Henrie
Frederick, 161 5," 4to — 14 leaves, Collier's BibliogPaphical
Catalogue, ii. 138, declares, "it has no design, but is a
rambling laudatory and emblematical composition far
from discreditable to Peacham's taste, scholarship and

88 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
general knowledge." " He certainly has left nothing
better behind him."
Belonging to the reign of James I. there is a fragment
in manuscript of an English metrical version of the Em
blems of Alciat. The former owner of this manuscript,
the late Joseph Brooks Yates, of Liverpool, assigned this
date to it ; * but there are internal signs in the MS. of an
earlier time, though not earlier than the end of the six
teenth century. The volume is a folio of 91 leaves, each
with an emblem, but having no motto, and a device,
usually coloured, — the Latin text and the English stanzas.
From there being two devices on p. 55, there are 92 em
blems. The drawings, though on a larger scale, follow
Plantin's edition of Alciat, 1581, or Rapheleng's, 1608. The
79 coloured devices are generally very bright. In Emblem
88, p. 75, mudd has good for its rhyming word, and suggests
that Lancashire was the county where the translator
learned his mother-tongue.
One specimen of the English metrical version will here
suffice, especially as it is in contemplation to give the
whole version in one of the Holbein Society's future pub
lications. The Emblem is numbered CI. in Rapheleng's
edition, 1608 ; p. 90 of the MS.
Scyphus Nestoris.
" 2R)is Cupp of ancient Nestor, with
two bottoms here vptake ;
Which worke a massy silverne weight
with charges great did make.
The nailes are goulden, round about
foure handled are to holde,
Vpon each handle settled is
A Doue of yellow gould.
No man but aged Nestor could
this statelie pott vplift :
Tell me I pray you by this Cupp
what was old Homers drift.
The Cupp it self of silver made
sets forth the firmament.
The golden nailes vpon the same
the starres do represent.

* See Transactions of the Liverpool Lit. and Phil. Society, Nov. 5, 1 849..

MIRROUR OF MAIESTIE. 89
The Pleiades some think that he
by yellow doues did shade ;
ffor greater and the lesser bere
the double bosse he madel
These things old Nestor by long vse
did vnderstand full well,
Strong men make warres but wise is he
that course of starres can tell."
By following the current of time, we have now arrived
at The Mirrovr of Maiestie, which is a work of extreme
rarity. The Rev. Thomas Corser, Rector of Stand, near
Manchester, by whose very kind permission our fac
simile imprint was first photographed and then lithographed,
at one time considered his copy the only one known that
was absolutely perfect, ab ovo ad mala, from beginning to
end. This he found to be not strictly correct, and himself
afterwards described it as " EXTREMELY RARE, if not almost
UNIQUE, there being only one other perfect copy known " ; *
but Mr. Carew Hazlitt's very excellent Hand-Book, p. 217,
enumerates three copies, — the Bodleian, Mr. Huth's, and
Mr. Corsets, which are equally complete. Another edition,
or rather another copy with a fresh title-page, is also
mentioned, " Printed by William Iones, dwelling in Red
Crosse Streete. 1619. 4*9- 34 leaves."
As will be observed on examination, there are thirty-three
" Noble Personages rancked in the Catalogue," "vnto whom
the worke is appropriated," and thirty-three coats of arms
set forth ; but as two Emblems are assigned to the king
and only one to the three lord chief justices, there are
thirty-two Emblems with their devices, all having mottoes,
excepting that which is appropriated to the Bishop of
London. The garters around the shields show that, including the
sovereign himself, there were twelve of the noble personages
knights of this most noble order. Of the Royal family,
* A pencil note in Mr. Corser's copy says, ' ' Excessively rare, olSly two
copies known, — this, which is perfect, and another in the White Knight's col
lection, which had the title reprinted with the date altered to 1619. At the
sale of that library in 1819, Pt. 2, 2924, it was bought by Mr. Perry for £\%.
It was resold at Perry's sale for £17. y'js. to Mr. Heber, and again in Heber's
collection in 1834, Pt. 4, 739, for £7. 10s. od. to Thorpe." E

90 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
three members are named ; of the Church, one archbishop
and three bishops : there are five of the great officers of
state, one duke, one marquis, six earls, two lord viscounts,
eight bearing the title of lord, and three lord chief justices.
Though some of the devices and mottoes may be referred
to other sources, — as Emb. I, the crown and mitre ; Emb. 3,
the phcenix; Emb. 12, the armed hand and sword on the
fire ; and Emb. \6, the armed hand wielding thunder
bolts, — yet generally they may be regarded as invented
or adapted by the author himself. The stanzas for the
armorial bearings frequently refer to them, and those
which unfold the meanings of the devices are expressly
suited to the symbols and signs that have been employed.
Occasionally, however, we have to blame some intem
perance of language against those to whom the king and
the nation were opposed. Twenty of the mottoes are in
Latin ; and the others, eleven, in Italian.
Considerable skill is manifested both in the designing of
the Emblems and in selecting the mottoes. There is also
nearly always appropriateness in the verses which set them
forth ; but their poetic merit does little to enhance their
value. Indeed, the very subjects that are treated of —
achievements or hatchments of arms, heraldic ensigns, the
laudatory or the laboriously-concocted verses, the scrolls
of proverbial wisdom or of epigrammatic lore — might serve
to dull inspiration where it existed and to bring genius
itself down to the level of unfrenzied thought. It is only
when we have gained some knowledge of the " noble per
sonages that are rancked " within the volume, and have
learned something of their lives and characters, — it is only
then that we can take an interest in the measured or, as is
often the case, in the unmetrical rhymes appended to names,
ensigns, and mottoes ; and we regard the work as one ex
ponent, among many, of the reign of a king whom his
enemies did not fear, nor did his friends heartily love. He
was eager for praise, but unable -to deserve it.
Yet we must not forget that the Mirrovr of Maiestie
reflects names of no trifling mark in the history, whether
of their age or of their country. The Archbishop of

MIRRO VR— OFFICER S OF STA TE. 9 1
Canterbury whom it commemorates was George Abbot ;
the Bishop of London, John King ; the Bishops of Win
chester and Ely, James Montagu and Launcelot Andrews.
Of great officers of state, the Lord Chancellor was
Francis Bacon ; the Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard,
Earl of Suffolk ; the Lord Privy Seal, Edward Somerset,
Earl of Worcester ; the Lord Admiral, Charles Howard,
Earl of Nottingham ; the Lord Chamberlain, William, Earl
of Pembroke ; and the Lord Chief Justice of the King's
Bench, Sir Henry Montagu.
Then, of other noblemen whose names are introduced,
Lodowick Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox, was
Chamberlain and Admiral of Scotland ; Thomas Howard,
Earl of Arundel, had travelled through France and Italy,
and made the great collection " of the precious relics of
antiquity" which bears his name. Of him, too, it is re
corded that he possessed " more Holbeins than all the world
besides."* The Earl of Southampton was Shakespeare's
friend,f Henry Wriothesley, to whom the poet declared,
" if your Honour seeme but pleased, I account my selfe
highly, praised." Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex, who
held the chief command in the army of the Parliament,
is named among " the Illustrious and Heroyicall Princes "
to whose " Eternall Memorie " the 24 leaves of Honour in
its Perfection, 4to, 1624, are dedicated : the Lord Viscount
Lisle was Robert Sidney, the brother of Sir Philip Sidney ;
and Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, was grandson of
Thomas Sackville, who died in 1 608, aged 82, and whom
Aikin's Mem. of James I., vol. i. p. 304, characterizes as " the
extraordinary man of genius, who, after affording in his
youth the poetical model of Spenser, was in advanced life
selected by Queen Elizabeth to succeed to the station of
Lord Burleigh."
Now these are names worthy to be reflected from a
Mirrovr of Maiestie, and lend to the Majesty itself the
brightest glories. #
* Aikin's Mem. of Court of James I., vol. i. p. 300.
t Grainger, vol. ii. pp. 30, 31.

92 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
It is strange, therefore, that a work of such a name, and
with characters so celebrated recorded upon its pages,
should have passed into oblivion almost as soon as it was
published, and should for above two entire centuries obtain
not a word of honourable mention. The first to, disinter it
was Edmund Lodge, in his Portraits of Illustrious Per
sonages of Great Britain, vol. iv. p. 10. Lodge was writing
the memoir of the Life of Henry Wriothesley, Earl of
Southampton, one of the noblemen to whom, as we have
mentioned, an Emblem is assigned in the Mirrovr of
Maiestie ; he spoke of the "Mirrovr" as "a book of such
extreme rarity that it may be confidently presumed that it
now for the first time offers itself to the notice of modern
readers. The nature and method of the little work in
question, a copy of which, thought to be unique, is in my
hands, will be sufficiently explained by the title." ..." In
this collection, under the arms of the Earl of Southampton,
which consist of a cross between five sea-gulls, are these
lines" (See Emb. 14, printed 13) : —
" No storme of troubles, or cold frosts of Friends,
Which oii free Greatnes, too too oft, attends,
Can (by presumption) threaten your free state :
For these presaging sea-birds doe amate
Presumptuous Greatnes : mouing the best mindes,
By their approach, to feare the future windes
Of all calamitie, no lesse then they
Portend to sea-men a tempestuous day :
Which you foreseeing may beforehand crosse,
As they doe them, and so prevent the losse. "
" On the opposite page to a biform figure of Mars and
Mercury encircled with the motto ' in utraque perfectus,'
is subjoined the following compliment" : —
WHAT coward Stoicke, or blunt captaine will
Dis-like this Vnion, or not labour still
To reconcile the Arts and victory?
Since in themselues Arts have this quality,
To vanquish errours traine : what other than
Should loue the Arts, if not a valiant man ?
Or, how can he resolue to execute,
That hath not first learn'd to be resolute ?
If any shall oppose this, or dispute,
Your great example shall their spite confute. "

MIRROVR— AUTHORSHIP. 93
The very same copy from which, by the great favour of
itsowner, the Rev. Thomas Corser, our photolith fac-simile
reprint was taken, is the one which -Lodge thought to be
unique, and which was in his hands when he wrote the
memoir of Henry Wriothesley. Written in pencil by
Mr. Corser, we found within the cover of it the following
record : —
"This very fine copy belonged to the late Edmund Lodge, Esq., and is
particularly noticed in the Memoir of Henry Earl of Southampton, where he
lias quoted the metrical lines which accompany his Arms, and those of the
Emblem annexed." " From Lodge it was purchased at the sale by Mr. Bent,
of the Aldine Chambers, Paternoster-row, for the sum of ^13. ios."
We add, with some degree of pride in the excellence and
rarity of our exemplar, that when Mr. Corser's copy was
sold by public auction, March 19, 1869, the final bidding
was no less a sum than thirty-six pounds sterling.
The authorship of the Mirrovr of Majestie remains some
what in doubt, but Mr. W. Carew Hazlitt, in a work which he
edited from Mr. Huth's very valuable collections, — Poetical
Miscellanies, — interprets H. G. to be the ciphers of Sir
Henry Goodere, an attendant on King James. In a note
at sign. H H verso, on A n Elegy at sign. D D 4, the editor
remarks : —
" Sir H. G. It' is conjectured that these initials belong to Sir Henry Good-
yeer, whom the editor inclines to regard as the author of a very rare volume of
Emblems, The Mirrour of Majesty, 1618. Jonson, among his Epistles, has
one to Goodyere, and at the end of Drayton's Legends, 1596, 8vo., is a sonnet
in praise of the author by H. G. Esquire.'1'1
It depends on the interpretation we give to the elegy
in the Poetical Miscellanies, whether we assign it to King
James's reign, or later ; but the lament is probably over
the early death of Prince Henry, when the author asks : —
" Will not he think that, by lamenting thus
The leaving of these kingdoms and of us,
We do not to his new-got Kingdom strive,
Where he is crown'd, his fathers both alive ? "
The same notion that Prince Henry has a " a new-got

94 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
kingdom," where, if not literally crowned, he lives in
blessedness, occurs in the Mirrovr's 4th Emblem, p. 7,
dedicated to his brother Charles : —
" When Peace (suspecting he would warre inferre,)
Tooke Henry hence, to Hue aboue with her,
She bade louis Bird retnras from'-s quicke convoy
Ol his faire soule, left in Heav'ns lasting Ioy."
Seth, too, appears to be King James himself, eulogized
and glorified. The Mirrovr, Embleme 1, celebrates the
sovereign as Rex et Sacerdos Dei, King and Priest of
God, and thus sounds his praise : —
' ' Earth can but make a King of earth partaker
But Knowledge makes him neerest like his maker.
For man's meere power not built on Wisdomes'fort,
Dos rather pluck downe kingdomes than support
Perfectly mixt, thus Power and Knowledge moue
About thy just designes, ensphear'd with loue ;
Which (as a glasse) serue neighbour- Kings to see
How best to follow, though not equall thee. "-
The Elegy speaks of the work of Nature, and assures
us, — " She made our world, then us ; she made his head ;
Our sense and motion from his brain were bred :
And as two great destructions have and must
Deface and bring to nothing that of dust,
So our true world, this princes head and brain,
A wasteful deluge did and fires sustain.
But as foresight of two such wastes made Seth
Erect two columns t' outlive that world's death,
Against that flood and fire, of brick and stone,
In which he did by his provision
Preserve from barbarism and ignorance
Th' ensuing ages, and did re-advance
All Sciences, which he engraved there,
So by our Seth's provision have we here
Two pillars left : where whatsoe'er we prized
In our lost world is well characterized.
The list'ning to this sovereign harmony
Tames my grief's rage. That now as Elegy
Made at the first for mourning, hath been since
Employ'd on love, joy, and magnificence ;
So this particular elegy shall close
(Meant for my grief for him), with joy for those.
" Sir H G."

MIRROVR- AUTHORSHIP'. 95
The first trace I have found of the initials H. G. is at
the end of a sonnet in Michaell Drayton's Tragicall legend
of Robert duke of Normandy, surnamed Short-thigh, — with
the Legend of Matilda the chast. — And the Legend of Piers
Gaveston. London 1596 — 16°-
" The vision of Matilda
Methought I saw upon Matildas Tombe,
Her wofull ghost, which Fame did now awake,
And cr — 'd her passage fro Earth's hollow Wombe,
To view this Legend, written for her sake :
No sooner shee her Sacred Name had seene.
Whom her kind friend had chose to grace his story,
But wiping her chast teares from her sad eyne,
She seem'cbto tryumph, in her double glory.
Glory shee might, that his admired Muse,
Had with such method fram'd her just complaint :
But proud she was, that reason made him chuse,
To patronize the same to such a Saint :
In whom her rarest Vertues may be shown
Though Poets skil shold faile to make the known.
"H. G. Esquire."
In a description on Latin rhymes by Ralph Calphut
(Thomas Cariat), of Brasenose College, Oxford,, of " a
philosophical feast" there, Sep. 2, 161 1, among the guests
named as present are Sir Henry Goodere, John West,
Hugh Holland, and Inigo Jones."*
Among his other works, the device to which was a duck,
with the motto Non altum peto, Drayton's Odes, with other
Lyrick Poesies, were published in folio in 1619, the year
after the Mirrovr of Maiestie. The Odes bear this dedi
cation, pp. 277-8 : —
" To the Worthy Knight and my noble Friend,
Sir Henry Goodere, a Gentleman of his Maiesties
Priuie Chamber."
" These Lyrick Pieces, short, and few,
Most worthy Sir, I send to you,
To reade them, be not wearie :
They may become John Hewes his Lyre,
Which oft at Powlsworth by the fire ».'
Hath made vs grauely merry.

* See Mrs. Everett Green's Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series,
1611 — 1618.

96 ENGLISH EMBLEM-BOOKS.
" Belieue it, he must have the Trick
Of Ryming, with Inuention quick,
That should due Lyricks well :
But how I haue done in this kind,
Though in my selfe I cannot find,
Your Iudgement best can tell.
"TV old British Bards, vpon their Harpes,
For falling Flatts; and rising Sharpes,
That curiously were strung ;
To stirre their Youth to Warlike Rage,
Or their wyld Furie to asswage,
In these loose Numbers sung.
" No more I for Fooles Censures passe,
Then for the braying of an Asse,
Nor once mine Eare will lend them :
If you but please to take in gree
These Odes, sufficient 'tis to mee :
Your liking can commend them.
" Yours "Mich. Drayton."
Out of these materials, I believe, we are not able to
construct absolute conviction. But whether Sir Henry
Goodere be the author or not, certain it is that the initials
H. G. were attached to the original Mirrovr of Maiestie
in 1618; and now, in 1870, this introductory notice of a
fac-simile reprint is signed with the same monogram. The
metempsychoses for 250 years, through at least seven genera
tions, from the author to the editor, I leave to be explained
by some one who, like Joseph Glanvill, an early defender
of the Royal Society of England, affirms, —
" The sages of old live again in us." " We are our
re-animated ancestours, and antedate their resurrection."
H. G.

II.
ANNOTATION'S ON THE ARMORIAL
BEARINGS AND NOBLE PERSONAGES.

1ERALDRY, in its expressive symbolism embo
dying a wide range of thought in the visible
form of a simple image, speaks the same lan-
_ guage as Emblems — possessing many features
in common and oftentimes so closely interwoven as scarcely
to be distinguishable, it ought rather to be considered as a
branch of the same subject than a distinct science. Each
speaks laconically to the mind through the eye, by the
agency of figurative imagery conveying distinctive ideas,
and both seem to have had their origin in that love of
symbolical expression which in the rudest conditions of
barbarism not less than in the most advanced stages of
civilization has been one of the component elements of the
human mind.
The two extremes of the human family seem almost to
stand side by side in their adoption of this heraldic sym
bolism ; indeed nature had hardly imparted to man the
instinct of self-preservation when he found it necessary to
impress some device or cognizance upon his own tribe, that
he might distinguish it from those which were inimical to
him. Our knowledge of the habits of barbarous nations
leads to the conclusion that in the most primitive stages
of society the chiefs of different tribes, in the ignonyice of
written language, adopted some such emblematic devices as
would convey in the simplest manner an idea of their pre
dominant qualities or peculiar characteristics. Symbolical
figures are known to have been emblazoned upon the
F

98 ANNOTATIONS.
standards of the Egyptians and Assyrians. Diodorus
Siculus affirms that the former nation was the first to
adopt these military ensigns, and that the animals borne
thereon afterwards came to be worshipped as deities. Of
their early use there can be no doubt, for several Rab
binical writers assert that their history affords abundant
proof that such distinctive devices were in use among the
Egyptians previous to the departure of the Israelites from
their land. That the Israelites themselves had their dis
tinctive blazonry, we have the testimony of Holy Writ: —
" Every man of the children of Israel shall pitch by his own
standard, with the ensign of their father's house : far off
about the tabernacle of the congregation shall they pitch";*
and we might also notice the arguments that have been
advanced to prove that the same semi-mystic symbolism
prevailed among the nations springing from the Scythians,
the Medes and Persians, and others.
Nearly five hundred years before the Christian era, the
Greek tragedian ^Eschylus described with minute exact
ness the heraldic insignia of the chieftains who united their
forces for the siege of Thebes before the Trojan war. In
Europe, a personal symbolism may be traced almost from
the first dawn of historical tradition, and there is abundant
evidence to show that a similar usage prevailed among the
races that peopled the valley of the Nile. The uncivilized
tribes inhabiting the Far West possess a faint glimmering
of the science, and the same expressive symbolism is found
among the aboriginal chiefs of Australia. The owl was
the distinctive cognizance of the Athenians, as the eagle
was of the polished subjects of the Csesars ; and in lik*
manner the wolf's head was the crest of Argos, and the
tortoise of the Peloponnesus, whilst the winged dragon has
ever presided over the heraldry of the Chinese.
The shield, as the most important piece of defensive
armour, by the aid of the limner became also the medium
of recognition among friends ; and hence it was almost inva
riably embellished with some distinctive personal cogni
zance supposed to typify the peculiar characteristics of the
* Numbers ii. 2.

HERALDRY. 99
owner, or to illustrate some remarkable feat or martial
exploit in which he might have been engaged. It is
affirmed that armorial distinctions were first used by
Anubis and Macedo, sons of Osiris, under the emblems of
a wolf and a dog. Both the Greeks and Romans embla
zoned their shields with such devices; and in the writings
of Livy we find how frequently individual soldiers received
a cognomen in commemoration of some notable incident
or heroic action ; and what more likely than that the cog
nomen should suggest the personal cognizance. One
instance may be mentioned. A Gaul having challenged
to single combat any one of the Roman army, a tribune of
the soldiers, Marcus Valerius, demanded permission from
the consul to accept it. This having been granted, the
Roman volunteer advanced against his enemy and slew
him, when, to commemorate the circumstance of a raven
having lighted upon his helmet and attacked the face and
eyes of the Gaul as the conflict proceeded, the victorious
tribune assumed the additional name of Corvinus, and
bore a raven in the act of assault for crest upon his helmet,
which was afterwards continued by his successors.
Advancing imperceptibly in the train of civilization, 1/
these personal signs and emblematic devices which from
the very earliest periods had almost universally prevailed,
assumed a distinct form and became subject to certain
laws, and thus gradually an organized system of Heraldry
arose, which had its full development in the Middle Ages,
when it constituted an hereditary mark of honour, " au
thorized by sovereigns for distinguishing, differencing, and
illustrating persons, families, and communities." *
A kind of Heraldry distinct from the ordinary insignia
appears to have been in vogue before the regular adoption
of coat-armour, and to have continued in high favour
until the reign of Elizabeth, when it gradually fell into
disuse, with the other brilliant relics of the feudal system.
This was the badge or personal cognizance assumed by
families of rank or importance, and used principally for the
decoration of costume, military equipments, caparisons, and
* Nisbet.

i oo A NNO TA TIONS.
the liveries of armed followers and retainers. Shakspeare
adverts to the use of this mark of identity in the Second
Part of King Henry;V. (Act v. scene I), where Clifford
concludes his threatening address to Warwick with the
words — ' ' I am resolved to bear a greater storm
Than any thou canst conjure up to-day;
And that I'll write upon thy burgonet,
Might I but know thee by thy household badge."
The word " household " clearly denoting that the badge
was used to distinguish the retainers of the eminent
personage to whom it pertained.
In the review of the English Emblem-Books which pre
ceded the Mirrovr of Maiestie, given in the earlier part of
this volume, reference is made to the badges adopted by the
sovereigns of England. Many of them are enumerated in
Burke's Encyclopedia of Heraldry, and a very complete
list will be found in the Rev. Charles Boutell's Heraldry
Historical and Popular. One of the earliest, and perhaps
the most famous of all, was the sprig of broom, Planta-
genistce, the emblem of humility, borne by Geoffrey of
Anjou, and assumed by his descendants; whence arose a
name immortal in English history — the patronymic of the
royal race of the Plantagenets. A favourite badge of
Richard II. Was the white hart couchant, an emblem
derived, no doubt, from that of his mother, Joan of Kent,
who bore a white hind couchant under a tree, gorged
and chained, or. Another renowned historical badge was
the falcon and the fetterlock, the cognizance of King
Edward IV, respecting the adoption of which the follow
ing story is narrated by Dr. Barrington in his Lectures
on Heraldry (pp. 182-3): — "Edmund of Langley, the
great-grandfather of Edward IV, bore for impress ' a
jfaulcon in a fetterlock,' implying that he was shut up
from all hope and possibility of the kingdom, when his
brother John of Gaunt began to aspire thereto. Where-
1 upon he asked, upon a time when he saw his sons viewing
his device set up in a window, what was Latin for a fet
terlock ? Whereat, when the young gentlemen studied,

HERALDRY. io-i
the father said, 'Well, if you cannot tell me, I will tell
you — Hie hcec hoc taceatis,' as advising them to be silent
and quiet, saying, ' Yet God knows what may come to pass
hereafter.' This his great-grandson (Edward IV.) repeated,
when he commanded that his younger son, Richard Duke
of York, should use this device, with the fetterlock opened."
The well-known feather badge has been the device of the
Princes of Wales from the time of Arthur, son of Henry VII.
The ostrich feathers were held in high esteem by the Black
Prince, who gave precise instructions for their display among
the armorial achievements to be placed above his tomb.
These compositions were to be twelve in number, six being
for war — " de nos armez entiers quartelles," and the remainder
of ostrich feathers for peace, — " et qe sur chacun escuchon
soit escript, c'est assavier sur cellez de noz armez et sur les
autres des plumes d'ostruce, — Houmout." * The old tradition,
which affirms that this device was won at Crescy from the
blind king of Bohemia, who perished in the thick of the
fight, requires more positive corroboration before it can be
accepted as genuine history. The badge of the king of
Bohemia was a vulture, and there is certainly no evidence
to show that the Black Prince himself ever associated the
device with his early exploit at Crescy. The ostrich
feathers are first mentioned in 1369 on the plate of Philippa,
and were used by all the sons of Edward IL, and of all
the kings until Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales, son of
Henry. VII., first ensigned the three feathers with a coronet,
since which they have been appropriated to the Princes of
Wales. Shakspeare makes frequent allusion to the Cognizances
¦ — the sunf and the boar — borne by the two brothers of
• It is worthy of note that the Black Prince's tomb in Canterbury Cathedral
presents a perplexing discrepancy from the letter of his will. The escutcheons
of arms are actually surmounted by labels inscribed "houmout," whilst those
with ostrich feathers have the motto "ich diene," not mentioned in thePrince's
injunctions. f The "sun in splendour" was adopted as an heraldic cognizance by
Edward IV., in memory, as we are told, " of the three suns " which are said
to have appeared in the heavens when he gained the victory over the
Lancastrians at the battle of Mortimer's Cross.

I

1 02 ANNOTATIONS.
the House of York, Edward IV. and Richard III. ; as, for
instance : — " Now is the winter of our discontent
Made glorious summer by the sun of York. '.'
King Richard III., Act I. sc. I.
And—
" To fly the boar before the boar pursues,
Were to incense the boar to follow us,
And make pursuit, where he did mean no chase.
Go, bid thy master rise and come to me ;
And we will both together to the Tower,
Where, he shall see, the boar will use us kindly."
King Richard III., Act III. sc. 2.
The last-named cognizance being also commemorated in
the whimsical jeu d' esprit which cost the author, William
Collingbourne, his life : —
"The Rat, the Cat, and Lovel the dog,
Rule all England under a Hog."
The couplet having allusion to the names of the two royal
favourites, Ratcliffe and Catesby, to the crest of Lord
Lovel, which was a dog, and the boar, the cognizance of
Richard III.
Not less famous was the cognizance of the Nevilles : —
"The rampant bear chained to the ragged staff,"
which was borne both as a crest and badge, and is thus
referred to by Shakspeare in the Second Part of King
Henry VI. (Act v. sc. 1), when York, after being charged
as a traitor by Lord Clifford, replies : —
' ' Look in a glass, and call thy image so ;
I am thy king, and thou a false-heart traitor, —
Call hither to the stake my two brave bears,
That with the very shaking of their chains
They may astonish these fell-lurking curs :
Bid Salisbury and Warwick come to me. "
It was not until the long reign of Henry III. that
heraldic blazonry first assumed a systematic character and

HERALDRY. , 103
its hereditary use became established, arms having pre
viously been assumed at will as military ensigns, rand then
adopted as honourable distinctions. That great military/
enterprise which leagued together the chivalry of Europe j.
— the Crusades — necessitated a more definite system of[
military insignia than had previously been prevalent.!
Each warrior of rank adopted some recognized device
or composition, which was displayed upon his knightly
pennon and banner, and emblazoned upon the shield
and the rich surcoat which he wore over his armour ; and
modifications of these devices would, of necessity, be
assigned to his followers ; and hence the names, coats of
arms and coat armour. In this way armorial bearings
took their rise, and also became subject to certain laws,
which protected the bearer in the exclusive use of them.
At this period the cross became a very common bearing
among the Crusaders,* and pilgrims afterwards adopted it
as their cognizance. " A bloodie cross he bore,
The dear remembrance of his dying Lord,
For whose sweet sake that glorious badge he wore.
And dead, as living, ever Him adored :
Upon his shield the like was also scored. "
In the Crusade confederacy, the practical utility of
heraldry was felt and appreciated ; its popularity increased
during the fierce social struggle of the Roses, and its
reputation was maintained until the accession of the
Tudors, when its decline may be said to have begun, along
with that social system in which it had/its origin.
Though in ancient times arms were voluntarily assumed,
they were also frequently granted by the sovereign as
honourable distinctions to those who were of " gentle "
descent or had signalized themselves in tournament or
battle ; and hence they became the avowed marks of
honour, gentility, and family distinction : an eager desire
for their possession was manifested by all who had interest
* Mackenzie says that in the Crusades, the English carried a cioss, or;
the Scotch, a St. Andrew's cross ; the French, a cross, argent ; the Germans,
sable; the Italians, azure ; and the Spaniards, gules.

1 04 A NNO TA TIONS.
in the soil, whether they had served in any military capacity
or not, and great pride was taken in their display.
" Although arms," says an heraldic writer, "were, in their
first acceptation, taken up at any gentleman's pleasure,
yet hath that liberty for many ages been deny'd, and they,
by regal authority, made the rewards and ensigns of merit,
or the gracious favours of princes ; no one being, by the
jlaw of gentility in England, allowed the bearing thereof
'but those that either have them by descent or grant.
1, Therefore Henry V, by proclamation, did inhibit thus :—
' Quod nullus ciijuscunque status, gradus seu conditiojiis
fuerit, hujusmodi arma sive tunicas armorum in se sumat,
nisi ipse jure antecessorio vel ex donatione alicujtis ad hoc
sufficientem potestatem habentis, ea possideat aut possidere
debeat, et quod ipse arma sive tunicas illas ex cujus dono
obtinet, demons trationis sucz personis ad hoc per nos assignatis
seu assignandis manifeste demonstret, exceptis illis que nobis-
cum apud bellum de Agincourt arma portabant! " &c. And
the great legal luminary, the Lord Chief Justice Coke,
affirmed that every gentleman must be " arma gerens," and
that the best test of gentle blood is the bearing of arms.
That being so, it was natural that a work like the one
now reproduced, which, not by speech or outward ex
pression, but through the agency of an ideal symbolism,
professed to shadow forth the distinguishing qualities and
personal virtues of the illustrious individuals represented,
should also give those avowed and recognized evidences of
hereditary rank and honourable distinction embodied in
their heraldic insignia, and thus extend and intensify its
own poetic imagery by means of accumulative association.
Having sketched thus hastily the rise and progress of
Heraldic blazonry under its variously modified forms, we
proceed to notice briefly the several " Noble Personages,
rancked in the Catalogue," "vnto whom the worke is
appropriated." J. C.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 105

THE KING, pp. 1—3.
Arms. — Quarterly :— ist and 4th Grand Quarters, Quar
terly, ist and 4th, az.,* three fleurs-de-lys, two and one, or,
for France Modern ;-f- 2nd and 3rd, gu., three lions passant'
guardant, in pale, or, for England. 2nd Grand Quarter, or,
a lion rampant, gu., within a double tressure, fleurie counter
fleurie, for Scotland. 3rd Grand Quarter, az., a harp, or,
stringed, az., for Ireland. The shield encircled by a garter
inscribed with the motto of the order, Honi soit qui mal y
pense, and ensigrted with a crown and the initials I.R.
James the First of England and the Sixth of Scotland was
the only son of Mary Queen of Scots, by Henry Stuart, Lord
Darnley, and great-grandson of 'Margaret, elder daughter
of Henry VII. of England. He was born at Edinburgh
Castle, June 19, 1566, and baptized according to the rites
of the Catholic Church in Stirling Castle, by the names
of Charles James, December 17th following; his sponsors
being Charles IX. of France, Philibert Duke of Savoy,
and Elizabeth of England, the latter sending as a gift to
her godson a golden font valued at three thousand crowns.
On the death of Elizabeth, March 24, 1603, James suc
ceeded as direct heir to the crown of England, although
expressly excluded by the statutes in force, which vested
the legal right to the throne in Lord Seymour, eldest son
of the Earl of Hereford, by Lady Katharine Grey (sister
of Lady Jane Grey), as heir of Mary, Duchess of Suffolk,
* In the Mirrovr, the arms are in every instance depicted in outline only,
without any indication of tincture, an omission it has been thought desirable
to supply.
t Charles V. of France, with a view apparently to distinguish between
his own arms and the fleurs-de-lys borne by the English claimants of his
erown, reduced the number of his fleurs-de-lys to three only. The same change
Was effected by Heury IV. in the ist and 4th Quarters of the Arms of England ;
and impressions of his Great Seal, taken in the years 1406 and 1409, exist,
which bear the quartered arms (on banners instead of shields) charged with
three fleurs-de-lys only. This modification of the French shield, which bears
three fleurs-de-lys only, is styled in Heraldry " France Modern" ; and thus is
distinguished from the shield semee de lys, or, " France Ancient."— Boutell.
G

106 ANNOTATIONS.
younger sister of Henry VIII. He was proclaimed at
Whitehall and Cheapside on the day following Elizabeth's
decease, the popular voice being undoubtedly raised in his
favour, in consequence of a natural opinion that he was
the lawful heir, though his hereditary pretensions were not
acknowledged and ratified by Parliament until March,-
1604.* On receiving intelligence of Elizabeth's death, he
at once proceeded to London, and was crowned with his
queen, Anne of Denmark, at Westminster, July 25, 1603.
King James was seized with a tertian ague at Theobalds,
near Cheshunt, where he died on Sunday, the 27th March,
1625, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, and after a reign
over England of twenty-two years, and was succeeded by
his only surviving son, Charles, Prince of Wales, his eldest
son, the Prince Henry, having pre-deceased him.
In the character of James there is little to command
respect or create esteem: weak, vain, and pedantic, he,
lacked those nobler qualities which go to the making of a
great man or an illustrious king. As a sovereign his
character may be briefly summed up in the remark that
he reigned like a woman, after a woman who had reigned
like a man.

THE QVEENE, pp. 4, 5.
Arms. — On a lozenge, a cross gu., surmounted of
another arg. In the dexter canton, or, semee of hearts
ppr., three lions passant guardant, in pale, az., crowned or,
for Denmark ; in the sinister canton, gu., a lion rampant,
crowned or, holding in his paws a battle-axe arg., for Nor
way ; in the dexter base quarter, az., three crowns ppr., for
Sweden ; and in the sinister base quarter, or, sem£e of
hearts,^., in chief a lion passant guardant az., for Jutland.
In the base of the lozenge, beneath the cross, the ancient
ensign of the Vandals, gu., a wyvern, its tail nowed and
wings expanded, or. Upon the centre of the cross, an
* 1 Jac. I. c. I.

ARMS. AMD PERSONAGES. 107
escutcheon of pretence charged with quarterly, first, or,
two lions passant guardant az., for Sleswick ; second, gu.,
an inescutcheon, having a nail in every point thereof, in
triangle, between as many holly-leaves, all ppr., for Hol-
stein ; third, gu., a swan arg., beaked sa., gorged with a
coronet ppr., for Stormerkj and fourth, az., a chevalier
armed at all points, brandishing his sword, his helm
plumed, his charger arg., the trappings or, for Ditzmers.
Over the whole on an inescutchetin dz., a cross patee
fitchee or, for Dalmenhurst, impaling for Oldenburgh, or,
two bars gu. The whole ensigned with a crown.*
The lady by whom this complicated example of the
elaboration of heraldic details was borne* — Anne, princess
of Denmark, queen of James I., was the, second daughter
of Frederick II., king of" Denmark and Norway, by Sophia,
daughter of the duke of Mecklenburg. She was born at
Scanderburg, December 12, 1575, and educated as a
zealous Protestant of the Lutheran creed. Her father
was accounted one of the richest sovereigns in Europe ;
and, as a prudent prince, had accumulated large dowries
for his daughters, whose hands were, sought by many of
the northern princes. Her marriage with James took
place by proxy at the Danish court, on the .20th . of
August, 1589, she being then in her fourteenth year. The
king having learned that his bride would be unable to
reach Scotland until the following spring, resolved. on a
journey to Norway, where her vessel had taken shelter,
in order to meet her. He embarked at Leith on the
19th October, accompanied by four other vessels, and
landed at Slaikray, in Norway, whence he proceeded,
partly by land and partly by sea, to Upslo, where the
queen was staying, arriving there on the 19th November.
The marriage was celebrated on the Sunday following,
Mr. David Lyndsay,.the king's own minister, performing
the nuptial ceremony in the French language. On the
* These arms are identical with those borne by Frederick II. , -father of the
Queen Consort, who was elected a Knight of the Garter in 1578, as appears
by the blazonry in his stall-plate, which is still preserved at Windsor.

108 ANNOTATIONS.
ist of May, 1 590, the king and queen landed at Leith, and
thence proceeded to Edinburgh, where, on the 17th of the
same month, she was crowned in the abbey church of
Holyrood. As. dower, James received with his bride the
islands of Orkney and Shetland, which had in the pre
ceding century been pawned by Denmark to Scotland ;
and thus he completed the geographical wholeness of his
inheritance. On his accession to the throne of England in 1603,
Anne became the first queen-consort of Great Britain, a
title whieh has been borne by the wives of our sovereigns
from that time to the present. Her death occurred at
Hampton Court on Tuesday, the 2nd March, 1619; and
on the following Tuesday her body was conveyed to
Denmark House, in the Strand, where it lay in state until
the 13th May, when it was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Her hearse, which remained standing over the place of
her interment the whole of the reign of James I., was
destroyed during the civil wars, with many a funeral
memento of more durable materials. In addition to her
eldest son, Henry Prince of Wales, who died in 161 2, in
his eighteenth year, she had issue Robert, Margaret, and
Sophia, who died young ; Charles, afterwards Charles I.,
and Elizabeth, married to Frederick V, duke of Bavaria,
Elector Palatine of the Rhine, and king of Bohemia, both
of them singularly unfortunate.
Many tributes in verse were offered to her memory, and
Camden has preserved two elegiac epitaphs, one of which
possesses some elegance of thought : —
" March, with his winds, hath struck a- cedar tall,
And weeping April mourns that cedar's fall ;
And May intends no flowers her month shall bring,
Since she must lose the flower of all the spring :
. Thus March's winds hath caused April's showers,
And yet sad May must lose her flower of flowers." *
Another, written by King James himself, which contains
an allusion to the comet supposed to have foreboded the
queen's death, is very characteristic of the royal author : —
* Camden's Remains, 397.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 109
' Then to invite the great God sent a star ;
His nearest friend and kin good princes are,
Who, .though they run their race of man and die,
Death serves but to refine their majesty.
So did my queen her court from hence remove,
And left the earth ,to be enthroned above ;
Then she is changed, not dead, — no good prince dies,
But like the sim, doth only set to rise." *

THE PRINCE, pp. 6, 7.
In the plate assigned to Prince Charles, we have the
ordinary feather badge of the princes of Wales, to which
allusion has already been made f — A plume of ostrich
feathers, arg., quilled, or ; enfoiled with a prince's coronet
of the last, with an escroll, az., thereon the words Ich
Dien. The Prince Charles, son of James I. by his Queen Anne
of Denmark, was born at Dunfermline, in Scotland,
November 19, 1600 ; and after the death of his elder
brother, Prince Henry, in 161 2, was created Prince, of Wales
in 1616.J Subsequently negotiations were entered into
with the Court at Madrid for a marriage with the prince
and the Infanta of Spain; but these were conducted
in such a manner that five years elapsed without the
treaty being brought to any conclusion ; and in 1623
Charles, attended by the profligate minister Buckingham,
proceeded- to Spain to conclude it in person. On his
way he visited Paris, where he saw for the first time
the Princess Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV.
of France, who was destined to exercise so great an
influence over him. Charles with his attendant reached
Madrid, and the articles were so far settled, that it was
expected the union would be celebrated in the same year ;
but through the. influence of Buckingham the match was
eventually broken off, and an alliance was soon aftet* con
cluded with Henrietta Maria.
* Cole's MSS. t Vide ante, p. 101. % Granger, ii. 237.

1 10 ANNOTATIONS.
On the death of King James in 1625, Charles ascended
the throne, and on Candlemas-day of the same year he
was crowned at Westminster. Before he had solemnized
the funeral of his father, his marriage with Henrietta
Maria of France was concluded ; and on the 1st May,
1625, it was solemnized at Paris, the Duke de Chevreuse
acting as proxy ; after which the queen set out for her
husband's court, attended by Buckingham, and arrived
at Dover on the 13th June; where she was received by
Charles.
- A record of the events which marked the troublesome
and unfortunate reign of Charles does not come within the
scope of these brief notes. The king had inherited from
his father inordinate notions of kingly power, and reso
lutely shut his eyes to the fact that the influence of the
people had increased, and that he had to deal with an
entirely different state of public opinion. Persistent in his
determination to feign and govern by "divine right," he
refused to yield anything, and in the fierce struggle which
he provoked he fell. In December, 1648, the Commons
resolved that he should be tried on the charge of treason
in making war on his Parliament, and a special " High
Court of Justiciary," which had no authority in the English
constitution, was formed. Before this tribunal, which
assembled in Westminster Hall, Charles was brought. On
the 27th January, 1649, sentence was pronounced against
him, and on the 30th he was beheaded in front of White7
hall, his last words to Bishop Juxon, who attended him,
being to charge the Prince Charles, his son, to forgive his
father's murderers.
Charles had issue by his queen, Henrietta Maria, Charles,
Prince of Wales, who succeeded as Charles II. ; James,
Duke of York, who succeeded his elder brother as James IL;
Henry, Duke of Gloucester, who died unmarried in 1660 ;
and Mary, espoused to William 1 1., Prince of Orange, by
whom she had an only son, William Henry, who ascended
the British throne as William III. ; and four other children,.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. in

THE ARCH-BISHOP OF CANTERBVRY, pp. 8, 9.
ARMS. — Az., an archiepiscopal staff, in pale, or, ensigned
with a cross patee arg., surmounted by a pall of the last,
fimbriated and fringed gold, and charged with four crosses
formers fitchees sa. : the arms of the See of Canterbury
impaling, gu., a chevron between three pears, pendent,
stalked, or, for Abbot*
George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, whose arms-
are above described, was born of humble parentage, his
father being a weaver and cloth-worker (or, according to
some accounts, a clock-maker) at Guildford, in Surrey, in
which town the prelate first saw the light in i$62.f He
received his early education in the Grammar-school of his
native place, and removed thence to Baliol College, Oxford.
Afterwards he became successively Master of University
College, Dean of Winchester, and Vice-Chancellor of Ox
ford, and eventually he was raised to the See of Lichfield
and Coventry ; thence he was translated to London ; and,
lastly, he was selected to succeed Richard Bancroft as Arch
bishop of Canterbury ; installed at Lambeth on Tuesday,
April 9, 161 1, and sworn a Privy Councillor at Greenwich
on the 23rd June following.
Archbishop Abbot was a firm Protestant and a zealous
and powerful leader of the Puritanical party, and as sueh
a determined opponent of Laud, whose policy he resisted
with uncompromising resolution. A stern moralist, he
had disapproved of the Book of Sports, and boldly for
bade its being read in his church at Croydon ; and he
bpenly remonstrated against the articles of the proposed
Spanish marriage, which had given great offence tp the
•
* The arms of the Archbishop may still be seen at Canterbury and at
Guildford. f The house in which Archbishop Abbot was born remained standing until
July, 1863.

112 ANNOTATIONS.
Protestant feeling of England. At one time Abbot was
distinguished for his rigorous maintenance of the doctrines
of divine right and passive obedience ; but, after the acces
sion of Charles I., whom he crowned at Westminster, his
views changed, and he became an equally resolute oppo7
nent of the despotic measures of the king, and peremp
torily refused to license a sermon dedicated to his majesty,
in which the preacher, Dr. Sibthorpe, asserted that the
king was not himself bound to observe the laws of the
realm, but that his subjects were bound to obey him in
whatever might be his commands.
In 1623, being with a hunting party at the seat of Lord
Zouch, in Hampshire, he had the misfortune to shoot one
of his lordship's keepers, an act of casual homicide that
caused his retirement for a time, during which he re
sided at his country residence near Croydon. He died at
Croydon in 1633, and was buried at Guildford, in which
town he had founded and liberally endowed a hospital
for poor men and women, and where his tomb still
remains. Though lowly-born, the Abbot family contained the ele
ments of greatness. Robert, the elder brother of the Arch
bishop, became Bishop of Salisbury, and another brother
filled the office of Lord Mayor of London. Fuller speaks
of the three as " a happy ternion of brothers." " George "
he describes " as the more plausible preacher, Robert
the greatest scholar ; George the abler statesman, Robert
the deeper divine ; gravity," he adds, " did frown in George,
and smile in Robert." Clarendon, who has furnished us
with portraits of so many public men of the Stuart and
Commonwealth periods, describes the Archbishop as " of
morose manners and sour aspect." As Dean of West
minster, " he was the second of eight divines to whom the
translation of the whole New Testament was committed "
by order of James I., there being fifty-four translators
nominated for the entire Bible now in use.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 113

THE LORD CHANCELLOR, pp. 10, n.
Arms. — Gu., on a chief, arg., two mullets pierced, sa.,
differenced by a crescent, as denoting the younger line.
Francis Bacon, Baron Verulam and Viscount St. Albans,
one of the greatest of English philosophers, was the
youngest son of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Lord Keeper of the
Great Seal, by his wife, one of the daughters . of Sir
Anthony Cooke, tutor to King Edward VI., and was
born at York House, in the Strand, January 22, 1561.
At twelve years of age he began his academical career at
Trinity College, Cambridge, and such was the progress he
made, that at sixteen he had become master of the whole
circle of liberal arts as then understood. On quitting the
university, he travelled over France, but returned to
England on the death of his father in 1579, after which
he studied the common law in Gray's Inn, and was called
to the bar at the age of twenty-one. In 1593 he entered
Parliament, and having written in favour of the union
of England and Scotland, he received the honour of
knighthood after the accession of James I., July 23,
1603. Though he had a formidable rival in Sir Edward
Coke, Bacon rose rapidly into favour; in 1605 he was
appointed to the office of Solicitor-General, and on the
25th October, 161 3, he became Attorney- General. • On
the 9th June, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council ;
on the 7th March following, he was appointed Lord Keeper
of the Great Seal ; and on the death of Lord Chancellor
Ellesmere, a few days later, was named Lord Chancellor
of England. On Sunday, July 12, 1618, he was elevated
to the peerage by the title of Baron Verulam, and created
Viscount St. Albans January 27, 1627.
Bacon had now attained the height of his popularity,
and from this time may be dated the beginning of his
miserable fall. Complaints were made of his venality
H

114 ANNOTATIONS.
as a judge, and the House of Commons having im
peached him as being guilty of corruption upon his
own confession, he was fined ^40,000, deprived of all
his offices, and committed to the Tower during the king's
pleasure. After a time he was set at liberty and the
greater part of the fine remitted, but he remained absent
from the court, and continued to live in retirement,
devoting his life to those philosophical studies which
he had never forgot or neglected, even in the midst
of honours or when burdened with the cares of state.
When only nineteen, he wrote a General View of the State
of Europe. His great works are the Novum Organum and
the De Augmentis Scientiarum. The former, projected in
his youth, was prefaced by a series of sketches, revised
and rewritten, and finally published in 1620. The latter
appeared in 1603, and the English edition {Advancement
of Learning) in 1605. The Essays were first published in
1 597, but large additions were subsequently made. Among
his other works are the Wisdom of the Ancients, History
of Henry VII., Felicities of Qtieen Elizabeth, &c. Addison
says that he had the sound, distinct, and comprehensive
knowledge of Aristotle, with all the beautiful light graces
of Cicero ; and Lord Orford, who calls him the prophet
of the arts which Newton was afterwards to reveal, pro
nounces that his genius and his works must be universally
admired as long as science exists.
He died at the Earl of Arundel's, Highgate, April 9,
1626, and was buried in the chapel of St. Michael's
Church, St. Albans, where a monument was erected to
his memory by his indefatigable secretary Sir . Thomas
Meauty. Lord Bacon married, about the year 1605, Alice,
daughter and coheir of Benedict Barham, Esquire, Alder
man of London, but never had any issue.

ARMS AND PERSONA GES. 1 1 5

THE LORD TREASVRER, pp: 12, 13.
Arms. — Gu., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitchee,
arg., differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a
second son ; the shield encircled by a garter, inscribed.
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's
coronet. The coat, as above described, is the one known to
heralds as " Howard Ancient," being without the " Flodden
Augmentation," now borne by the noble house of Howard,
and which the Lord Treasurer was entitled to blazon ;
viz., upon the bend, an escutcheon, or, charged with a
demi-lion rampant, pierced through the mouth with an
arrow, within a- double tressure flory, counter-flory, gu.,
an augmentation of merit granted by Henry VIII. to
Thomas Howard, second Duke of Norfolk, and his pos
terity, for his victory at Flodden Field, wherein King
James IV. of Scotland was slain,. September 9, 15 13.
Thomas Lord Howard, Earl of Suffolk, and Lord High
Treasurer of England, was the eldest son by the second
marriage of the unfortunate Thomas, fourth Duke of Nor
folk, " the most powerful and the most popular man in
England," but who, allured by ambition, formed or assented
to the ill-judged project for a matrimonial alliance with
Mary Queen of Scots, then the captive of the implacable
Elizabeth, with the hope of becoming eventually King-
Consort of England — a scheme that cost him his life. He
was grandson of the famous Earl of Surrey, his mother
being Margaret, daughter and heir of Thomas, Lord
Audley of Walden.
Lord Howard inherited his mother's estates, and in
27 Elizabeth (1584) was restored in blood by* Act of
Parliament. In early life he embraced the military
service, but afterwards abandoned it for the court, and
succeeded in a great measure in obtaining the favour of

i r6 A NNO TA TIONS.
Elizabeth. In 1587 he was appointed Vice- Admiral of the
Fleet despatched to Cadiz, and the following year he was
associated with his kinsman, Lord Charles Howard of
Effingham, in the command of the fleet fitted out to
oppose the Spanish Armada ; and some years later,
October 24, 1597, he was summoned to Parliament as
Lord Howard of Walden. He was fortunate enough to
obtain the favour of King James I., by whom he was much
honoured. On the 3rd May, 1603, immediately after his
accession, James arrived at Theobalds, in Hertfordshire,
the residence of Secretary Cecil, and on the following day
Lord Thomas Howard was sworn a Privy Councillor,
along with his uncle, Lord Henry Howard, and other
noblemen. On the 7th of the same month his majesty
entered London, and was entertained at the Charter
House by Lord Howard for the space of four days. On
the 2 ist July following he was advanced to the earldom
of Suffolk, being the first earl of the king's creation, and
installed a Knight of the Garter ; and about the same time
he was appointed Lord Chamberlain. To his vigilance
and sagacity while discharging the duties of this office,
the discovery of the "Gunpowder Plot" has been mainly
attributed, he having- searched the vaults beneath the
house on the day before the meeting of Parliament, and
there discovered Fawkes preparing for the terrible enter
prise. In 161 3 the earl was elected Chancellor of the Uni
versity of Cambridge, and on the 13th July in the following
year he was constituted Lord High Treasurer of England.
His countess having, unfortunately, gained too great an
ascendancy over him, used it in making him a party to her
extortions on those who had business to transact at the
Treasury ; charges of embezzlement were in consequence
brought against her husband, which resulted in his being
deprived of the office, July 19, 1618 ; a fine of £30,000 was
also inflicted, but which was reduced by the king to £7,000.
His death occurred 28th May, 1626.
The high and lucrative offices enjoyed by the earl afforded
him ample means for the display of magnificence. During
his lifetime he built the stately mansions of Audley End,

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 117
in Essex, and Charlton House, in Wiltshire ; the former at
a cost, as is stated, of £190,000.
The Earl of Suffolk was twice married, his first wife
being Mary, sister. of Thomas Lord Dacre.of Gillesland,
who dying without issue, his lordship married, secondly,
Catharine, eldest daughter and coheir of Sir Henry
Knevet, knight, of Chalton, co. Wilts, and widow of the
Hon. Richard Rich, eldest son of Lord Rich, by whom he
had seven sons and three daughters.

THE LORD PRIVY SEALE, pp. 14, 15.
Arms. — Arg. on a fesse, France and England quarterly,
within a bordure componee arg. and az., encircled by a
garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned
with the coronet of an earl. Charles Somerset, first
Earl of Worcester, bore as an abatement a baton sinister,
the mark of illegitimacy, across his quartered arms,
couped by the bordure, but his eldest son, Henry, the
second earl, removed the baton from his shield, and
charged Beaufort upon a fesse on a silver shield, as above
described ; thus retaining an abatement whilst rejecting
the baton.
Edward Somerset, only son of William, third Earl of
Worcester, by his wife Christian, daughter of Edward
Lord North, of Cathladge, and great-grandson of Charles,
the illegitimate son of Henry Beaufort, Duke of Somerset,
succeeded as fourth earl on the death of his father, Feb
ruary 22, 1 5 87- In 1 590 he was sent on a diplomatic mission
to James VI. of Scotland, to congratulate him upon his
marriage with the Princess Ann of Denmark, and also
to notify to ^im that he had been chosen one of the
Knights Companions of the Garter, along with the
King of France. On the 21st April, 1600, he was
appointed Master of the Horse to Queen Elizabeth. The
same office was conferred upon him after the accession
of King James (I5f;h January, 1604), with the payment

1 18 ANNOTA TIONS.
of one hundred marks per annum for life, and in the
following year he was named one of the Lords Com
missioners for exercising the office of Earl-Marshal of
England. He resigned the office of Master of the Horse,
January I, 1615, and the following day was constituted
Lord Privy Seal, of which high office he had a renewed
grant, March 27, 161 j, with an annual fee of £1,500 during
his life. Three years later he was honoured with the
command of his sovereign to sit in the Court of. Requests
with the masters there, the king, as it is recorded,
" deeming it unfit that so great a magistrate should
not have a seat of judicature." He married the Lady
Elizabeth,* one of the daughters of Francis, second Earl
of Huntingdon, by Katharine, his wife, daughter and
coheir of Henry Pole, Lord Montagu, and grand-daughter
of Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, which Margaret was
the daughter and sole heir of George Plantagenet, Duke
of Clarence, younger brother of Edward IV. He died at
his house in the Strand, March 3, 1627, and was buried at
Ragland. William, his eldest son, having pre-deceased
him, the honours devolved upon his second son, Henry
Somerset, who succeeded as fourth earl, and was advanced
to the dignity of Marquis of Worcester, November 2, 1642,
his eldest son, Edward, the second marquis, born in 1601,
being famed as the inventor of the steam-engine.
* The youngest sister of the Lady Elizabeth was the beautiful Lady
Mary Hastings, of whom the following circumstance is related: — "John
Vassilivich, Grand Duke and Emperor of Russia, having a desire to marry an
English lady, was told of the Lady Mary Hastings, who, being of the blood
royal, he began to affect : whereupon, making his desire known to Queen
Elizabeth, who did well approve thereof, he sent over Theodore Pessemskoie,
a nobleman of great account, his ambassador, who, in the name of his master,
offered great advantages to the Queen in the event of the marriage. The
Queen hereupon caused the lady to be attended with divers ladies and young
noblemen, that so the ambassador might have a sight of her, which was
accomplished in York House Garden, near Charing Cross, London. There
was the envoy brought into her presence, and casting down his countenance,
fell prostrate before her ; then rising back, with his face still towards her (the
lady, with the rest, admiring at the strange salutation), he said, by his inter
preter, ' it sufficed him to behold the angelic presence of her who, he hoped,
would be his master's spouse and empress. ' " The marriage, however, did
not take place, and the lady died unmarried.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 119

THE LORD ADMIRALL, pp. 16, 17.
Arms. — Gu., a bend between six cross crosslets, fitch^e,
arg., differenced by a mullet. The shield encircled by a
garter with the motto of the order inscribed thereon, and
ensigned with an earl's coronet. Excepting the mark of
cadency, these arms are identical with those of " The
Lord Treasvrer," described on page 115, being " Howard
Ancient," and omitting the " Flodden Augmentation "
already noticed.
Charles, second Lord Howard of Effingham, Lord High
Admiral of England, was the eldest son of William Lord
Howard, by his second wife, Margaret, daughter of Sir
Thomas Grammage, Knt, and grandson of Thomas, second
Duke of Norfolk, by whom the " Flodden Augmentation "
above alluded to was obtained. Lord Howard was born in
1536, and in early life assumed the profession of arms. In
1569 he distinguished himself in the suppression of the
rebellion headed by the earls of Northumberland and West
moreland, which had for its object the liberation of the
Scottish queen and the re-establishment of the Roman
Catholic religion in England. On the death of his father,
January 21, 1573, he succeeded to the barony, and on
the 24th April in the following year was installed a
Knight of the Garter. On the 4th. July he was made Lord
High Admiral of England, having previously held the
office of Lord Chamberlain, and in this capacity he ren
dered great service to his country; he commanded the
fleet fitted out to oppose the Spanish Armada in 1588,
and, aided by the winds, succeeded in effecting the total
destruction of that powerful armament. In 1596 he was
joined with the Earl of Essex in the expedition against
Cadiz, and, as a reward for his services in destroying the
Spanish fleet there, was on the 23rd October created Earl
of Nottingham. In August, 1599, he was named Lieu-
tenant-General of England, and in the following year he

120 ANNOTATIONS.
suppressed the insurrection raised by Lord Essex, and
effected the capture of that rash and presumptuous noble
man. He was present at the death of Queen Elizabeth,
and officiated as Lord High Steward of England at the
coronation of her successor, James I., during the early part
of whose reign he was employed upon several diplomatic
missions of importance.
The earl retired from public life in 1618, and died on the
14th December, 1624, at the advanced age of eighty-four,
having throughout his long career retained, with unstained
honour, the esteem and confidence of his sovereign and his
countrymen. Fuller, in his quaint manner, thus speaks of
him: —
"An hearty gentleman, and cordial to his sovereign, of a most proper
person, one reason why Queen Elizabeth (who, though she did not value a
jewel by, valued it the more for, a fair case) reflected so much on him. His
service in the 88th is notoriously known, when, at the first news of the Spanish
approach, he towed at a cable with his own hands, to draw out the harbour-
bound ships into the sea. I dare boldly say he drew more, though not by his
person, by his presence and example, than any ten in the place. True it is,
he was no deep seaman, (not to be expected from one of his extraction, ) but
had skill enough to know those who had more skill than himself and to follow
their instructions ; and would not starve the Queen's service by feeding his
own sturdy wilfulness, but was ruled by the experienced in sea matters, the
Queen having a navy of oak and an admiral of osier."
The " Lord Admirall " married, first, Catherine, daughter
of Henry Cary, Lord Hunsdon, by whom he had two sons
and three daughters ; and secondly, Margaret, daughter of
James Stewart, Earl of Murray, by whom he had two sons.
He was succeeded in the earldom by his second but eldest
surviving son, Charles Howard, who died without male
issue, in 1642, when the honours devolved upon his half-
brother.

THE DVKE OF LENOX, pp. 18, 19.
Arms. — Az., three fleurs-de-lys, or (France Modern), on
a bordure, gu., semde de fermaux, or. The shield encircled
with garter inscribed with the motto of the order and
ensigned with a ducal coronet.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 121
Lodowick, son of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox in the
peerage of Scotland, and grandson of John Lord d'Au-
bignie, younger brother of Matthew Earl of Lenox, the
grandfather of King James, bore also the titles of Lord
Darnley, Tarbolton, and Methuen, and held the offices of
Lord Great Chamberlain, Admiral of Scotland, and Lord
Steward of the King's Household. On the accession of
James he was sworn of the Privy Council, and bore the
sword before that sovereign on his entry into London,
May 7, 1603. On the 2nd July in the same year he was
installed a Knight of the Garter, and afterwards (October 6,
4th James I.) advanced to the dignity of a baron of the
realm by the title of Lord Settrington of Settrington, in
the county of York, and on the same day created Earl of
Richmond. In 161 3, on the marriage of the Princess
Elizabeth with Frederick, the Elector Palatine, he was
appointed one of the commissioners to accompany the
Elector on his return with his bride to the Castle of
Heidelberg, and on the 17th May, 21st James I., he was
•created Earl of Newcastle-upon-Tyjne * and Duke of
Richmond. He died suddenly at his lodging at White
hall, Monday, February 16, 1623, as he was preparing to
go to Parliament then sitting; and on the 19th April his
body was removed with all magnificence from Ely House,
in Holborn, to Westminster, and there interred in Henry
the Seventh's Chapel, in which a stately tomb has been
erected to his memory. The Duke of Lenox married
(first), Sophia, daughter of William Earl of Ruthven, and
sister to the Earl of Gowrie ; (secondly),  sister of Sir
Hugh Campbell and widow of Robert Montgomerie of
Eglintoun ; and (thirdly), Frances, daughter of Thomas
Howard, Viscount Bindon, and widow of Edward Earl
of Hertford, but left no issue by any ; whereupon his
younger brother, Esme Stuart, Lord D'Aubigne, Baron
Clifton, of Leighton-Bromswold, in Lincolnshire, and Earl
of March, became heir.

* Beatson, in his Political Index, says he was created Earl of Newcastle-
onrTyne 2nd James, 1604. I

122 ANNOTATIONS.

THE MARQVESSE OF BVCKINGHAM, pp. 20, 31.
Arms. — A rg., on a cross, gu., five escallops or, a martlet
of the second.
George Villiers, Marquess of Buckingham, the unworthy
favourite of James and his son Charles I., was the
eldest son by the second marriage of Sir George Villiers,
Knight, the representative of an ancient family in Leicester
shire, and was born August 28, 1592. He completed his
education in France, and returning to England from his
travels when about twenty-one, was introduced to the
court of King James, where his natural accomplishments,
his easy and graceful demeanour, and attractive presence,
soon gained for him the favour of the king, over whom he
eventually acquired entire dominion. In the first week of
January, 1616, he was appointed Master of the Horse; on the
7th July in the same year he was installed a Knight of the
Garter ; and on Tuesday, the 27th August following, was
created Viscount Villiers and Baron of Whaddon. On Sunday,
the 5th January, in the succeeding year, he was elevated
to the Earldom of Buckingham, on the 4th February he
was sworn a Privy Councillor, and on New Year's day in
the following year advanced to the dignity of Marquess
of Buckingham. On the 18th May, 1623, the King created
him Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham, and he
was afterwards made Chancellor of the University of
Cambridge. He rapidly rose to the highest offices of
the state, was made Chief. Justice in Eyre, Warden of the
Cinque Ports, Master of the King's Bench, Steward of
Westminster, Constable of. Windsor, and Lord High
Admiral of England. The history of the court at this
period is simply that of Buckingham : he became the
dispenser of all favours and honours, and conducted
himself with so much pride and arrogance as to excite
popular hatred and disgust. He introduced all his kindred
to the court, had them quartered at Whitehall, and made

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 123
their fortunes by places, pensions, and marriages. In
1623 he accompanied Prince Charles on his romantic
mission to Spain ; but receiving some slight from the
court at Madrid, he resolved to break off the match
with the Infanta, which resulted eventually in a war with
Spain. After the death of James, Buckingham continued
the favourite minister of Charles I., who surrendered him
self to his pernicious counsels. In 1627, through his insti
gation, war was declared against France, and in June of
that year a fleet was sent out, of which he took the
command ; but his measures were so ill-concerted, that he
lost two-thirds of his forces. He had now entirely lost
the confidence of the Commons, who prayed the king
to dismiss him, declaring that his inglorious expedition
had tarnished the honour of the nation, annihilated its
commerce, and greatly diminished its navy. He returned
to Portsmouth to refit his shattered armament, but before
he could again set sail, he was assassinated by John
Felton, an Irishman of good family, who had served
under him as lieutenant, and instantly expired, August 23,
1 yl<$ l6if8, to the great grief of the king, who mourned the loss
of his favourite, and the scarcely concealed satisfaction
of the nation, which rejoiced at the deliverance it had
experienced. By his wife Catharine, daughter of Francis, sixth Earl
of Rutland, who, surviving him, afterwards married Ran
dolph Macdonald, Earl and Marquess of Antrim, he had
four children : Charles, who died an infant ; George, the
witty duke, who succeeded him ; Francis, who fell in the
civil wars ; and Mary, afterwards Duchess of Richmond.

1 24 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE LORD CHAMBERLINE, pp. 22, 23.
Arms. — Per pale az. and gu., three lions rampant, two
and one, arg. ; the shield encircled with a garter, inscribed
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the coronet
of an earl.
William Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke, was the eldest
son of Henry Herbert, the second earl, by his third wife,
Mary,* daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, of Penshurst, in
Kent, and sister of Sir Philip Sidney, styled the " Incom
parable," whose " learning, beauty, chivalry, and grace
shed a lustre on the most glorious reign recorded in the
English annals." William Herbert was born at Wilton
House, the family seat, April 8, 1 580, and received his educa
tion at New College, Oxford. On the 2nd July, 1603, he was
installed, a Knight of the Garter; in 161 5 he was appointed
to succeed Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, who had been
convicted of the murder of Sir Thomas Overbury, in the
office of Lord Chamberlain of the Household ; and on the
23rd December of the same year he was sworn a Privy
Councillor. He took a prominent part in public affairs ;
and when, on the occasion of Buckingham's impeachment
in the Parliament of Charles I., Sir John Eliot and Sir
Dudley Digges were committed to the Tower, he headed
* The Lady Mary Sidney was celebrated for her beauty, intelligence, and
goodness. She was the author of several religious works and poelical pieces,
and translated from the French the Discourse of Life and Death, by Philippe
de Mornay. To her, "a principal ornament to the family of the Sidneis,"
Sir Philip Sidney dedicated the celebrated romance of "Arcadia," which he
wrote for her pleasure. She lived to an advanced age, and died, after a
widowhood of twenty years, at her house in Aldersgate Street, London,
September 25, 1621. To her memory Ben Jonson wrote the inscription in
the cathedral of Salisbury so much admired : —
" Underneath this marble hearse .
Lies the subject of all verse —
Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother.
Death ! ere thou hast slain another,
Fair and wise and good as she,
Time shall throw a dart at thee."

ARMS- AND PERSONAGES. 125'
the opposition in the House of Lords, at the time holding
four proxies, and in the previous Parliament ten, an accu
mulation of suffrages in one person that led to an order of
the House, which is now its established regulation, that no
peer can hold more than two proxies.* He died April 10,
1630, and was succeeded by his brother Philip Herbert,
Earl of Montgomery, having no surviving issue by
his countess Mary, eldest daughter of Gilbert Earl of
Shrewsbury. The Earl of Pembroke was not less distinguished as a
writer than as a statesman ; he was an accomplished poet
and a great patron of learning. To him and his brother
" Philip, Earle of Mountgomerie," " the moste honorable
and woerthie brothers," " patrons of learning and cheualrie,"
Otho van Veen, in 1608, dedicated his Armorum Em-

In 1626 he was elected Chancellor of the University of
Oxford, of which, in his lifetime, he was a liberal benefactor,
and to which, at his death, he bequeathed a valuable col
lection of manuscripts.

THE EARLE OF ARVNDELL, pp. 24, 25.
Arms. — Howard Ancient :gu., abend between six crosses
crosslet, fitchee, arg. ; the shield encircled with a garter
bearing the motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's
coronet. Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, the only son of Philip
Earl of Arundel, by Ann, daughter of Thomas, and sister
and coheir to George,. Lord Dacre of Gillesland, was born.
July 17, 1592. Earl Philip, a zealous Roman Catholic,
having been attainted, was committed to the Tower, and
died a prisoner there in 1595, his son being deprived by
the attainder of the honours and the greater part of the
estates of the family, though styled by courtesy, during
* Lords' Journals, p. -507.

126 A NNO TA TIONS.
the remaining part of Elizabeth's reign, Lord Maltravers.
The accession of King James opened fairer prospects to
the Howard family, and in the first year of that king's reign
he was restored by Act of Parliament to the title of Earl
of Arundel, and to all honours dependent upon it, though
not to all the possessions ; and also to the honour, dignity,
and state of Earl of Surrey, and to such dignity and baronies
as Thomas D.uke of Norfolk, his grandfather, forfeited
through his attachment to the ill-fated mother of James,
Mary Queen of Scots. His health failing, he resolved to
travel, and in 1609 passed through France into Italy, re
turning in 161 1 on the 13th May, in which year he was
installed a Knight of the Garter. In 161 3 he was appointed
one of the embassy to accompany the Princess Elizabeth,
married to the Elector Palatine, into Germany. Thence
he travelled again into Italy, where he cultivated a taste
for architecture, sculpture, and antiquities, and returned to
England in November, 1614 ; after which he was sworn
of the Privy Council, named one of the six commissioners
of the office of Earl-Marshal, and in 162 1 appointed here
ditary Earl-Marshal of England, an office that is still held
by his descendants, the Dukes of Norfolk. Having about
this time given offence to Lord Spencer in the House of
Lords,* and refusing to give satisfaction when so enjoined,
he was committed to the Tower, and there kept a prisoner
until willing to make submission. Shortly after the acces
sion of Charles I. he was again committed to the Tower,
the reason assigned being that his heir, the Lord Mal
travers, had married the Lady Elizabeth Stuart, eldest
daughter of Esme, Duke of Lenox, without the king's
knowledge and consent. His release was effected through
the instrumentality of Dr. Williams, Bishop of Lincoln, and
he was shortly afterwards again admitted to court, where

* The Lord Spencer of Wormleighton, in addressing the House, having
made allusion to some act committed by their great ancestors, which gave
umbrage to the earl, he said, " My lord, when these things you speak of
were doing, your ancestors were keeping sheep "3 to which Lord Spencer
rejoined: "When my ancestors, as you say, were keeping sheep, your
ancestors were plotting treason."

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 127
he so far recovered the king's favour, that in 163 1 he was
sent on a mission into Holland to condole with the Queen
of Bohemia on the death of her husband, and at the same
time appointed Ambassador to the States-General. In
1633 ne was ordered to attend the king in his journey to
Scotland, and three years later was sent on a diplomatic
mission to the emperor Ferdinand III. In 1638 he was
appointed general of the army raised against the Scots ;
afterwards he was made Lord Steward of the King's
Household, and in 1640, upon the advance of the Scots
into England, was named General of the South of the
Trent. Upon the trial of the Earl of Strafford in -1 641,
he sat as Lord High Steward of England. Shortly
afterwards he resigned the office of Lord Steward of the
King's Household, and in September, 1641, he accom
panied the queen-mother, who was constrained to leave
the country in consequence of the unhappy difficulties
arising between Charles and his Parliament, but he returned
shortly afterwards. In February of the following year
he left England for the last time, attending the Princess
of Orange into Holland. Thence he visited Antwerp,
afterwards he journeyed into France, and finally passed
into Italy, where he spent the remainder of his life. He
died at Padua, September 14, 1646, having some two years
before, June 6, 1644, been elevated to the Earldom of
Norfolk. The Earl is described as of a stately presence and a
great master of order and ceremony, more learned in men
and manners than in books, yet understanding the Latin
tongue, as well as being master of the Italian. Walker
says, " he was in religion no bigot nor puritan ; and pro
fessed most to affect moral virtues than nice questions
and controversies."* He was a great patron of the arts,
especially of sculpture and painting, and spent large sums
in the collection of such works, employing many persons in
Italy, Greece, and other parts of Europe wher^ curiosities
could be obtained. At his death the unrivalled collection
* Sir Edward Walker's " Historical Discourses," ed. 1705,

128 ANNOTATIONS. •
of antiquities he had formed was divided, and in 1688,
Henry, sixth Duke of Norfolk, presented the University
of Oxford with a considerable portion of his moiety,
including the celebrated Parian Chronicle, which, with
other ancient inscribed stones accompanying it, are termed
the Arundelian Marbles.
Lord Arundel married, in 1606, the Lady Athelia
Talbot, third daughter, and eventually sole heir, of Gilbert
Earl of Shrewsbury, and was succeeded in the honours by
his second son, Henry Frederick, his eldest son, James
Lord Mowbray and Maltravers, having predeceased him.

THE EARLE OF SOVTH-HAMPTON, pp. 26, 27.
Arms. — Az., a cross or, between four hawks, closed, arg.,*
encircled with a garter bearing the motto of the order, and
ensigned with the coronet of an earl.
Henry Wriothesley, third Earl of Southampton, only
son of Henry, the second earl, by Mary, daughter of
Anthony Viscount Montagu, and grandson of Thomas
Wriothesley, Lord Chancellor of England in the time of
Henry VIIL, was born in 1573, and succeeded. to the title
on the death of his father, 23 Elizabeth (1580-81). In
1596 he accompanied his friend, the Earl of Essex, in
the expedition against Spain, and contributed to the
capture of Cadiz. Afterwards he returned to Ireland,
and joining in the insurrection headed by Essex, he was
arraigned at Westminster, and with the earl, February 19,
1600, found guilty, and committed to the Tower, where he
remained a close prisoner until the accession of James I.,
when he obtained his release. On the 2nd July, 1603, he
was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the 21st of
the same month received a new patent for the title and
dignity of Earl of Southampton, with like rights and pri-
* This coat is almost identical with that of the College of Arms or Heralds'
College, London, derived from Wriothesley, one of the early Garters.

ARMS' AND PERSONAGES. 129
vileges as he formerly enjoyed. In 161 3 the earl enter
tained King James ; in March, 1616, he was one of the
noblemen appointed to attend the king with the queen and
Prince Charles in their journey from Whitehall to Edin
burgh ; and on Friday, the 30th April, 161 3, he was sworn
of the Privy Council. In 1624 he accompanied the expe
dition to Holland to assist the Prince Maurice of Orange,
and died at Bergen-op-zoom in November of the same
year, having had issue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
John Vernon, of Hodnet, in the county of Salop, John,
who died in the Netherlands in the lifetime of his father ;
Thomas, who succeeded ; and three daughters, — Penelope,
married to William Lord Spencer, of Wormleighton ;
Ann, married to Robert Wallop, of Farley, Esq. ; and
Elizabeth, married to Sir Thomas Estcourt, Knt, a Master
in Chancery.
The Earl of Southampton was scarcely less distinguished
as a patron of letters than for his political talent. He is
now chiefly remembered as the friend of Shakespeare, who
dedicated to him " the first heir of his invention," the
Venus and Adonis, and The Rape of Lucrece.

THE EARLE OF HERTFORD, pp. 28, 29.
AVLMS.-^Or, on a pile, gu., between six fleurs-de-lys, az.,
three lions of England being the coat of augmentation
granted by King Henry VIII. on his marriage with Lady
Jane Seymour ; the shield ensigned with an earl's coronet.
Edward Seymour, by whom these arms were borne, was
the eldest son, by the second marriage, of Edward Seymour,
Duke of Somerset, who as Protector grasped the sceptre
of unlimited authority, and swayed it with all the attri
butes of royalty during the two years of the minority of
King Edward VI. His mother was Ann, daughter of Sir
Edward Stanhope, of. Sudbury, in the county of Suffolk,
K

130 ANNOTATIONS.
Knt, by Elizabeth his wife, great-granddaughter of William
Bouchier, Earl of Ewe, in Normandy, by Ann his wife,
daughter and eventually sole heir of Thomas of Wood
stock, Duke of Gloucester, youngest son of Edward III,
The Protector Somerset having been charged with treason
able designs against the lives of some of the Privy Coun
cillors, was brought to the block January 22, 1552. Being
attainted, the titles which, according to the special limita
tion pf the patents of creation, devolved upon the issue by
his second marriage, of course became forfeited, together
with lands of great annual value. Thus deprived of all his
titles and of the great part of his inheritance, the youthful
Edward Seymour continued in a disconsolate condition
until the first year of Queen Elizabeth, when, before her
coronation, that sovereign created him Baron Beauchamp
of Hacche and Earl of Hertford ; and, doubtless, he would
have been restored to the dukedom of Somerset, had he
not incurred the queen's displeasure by marrying the Lady
Catharine Grey, daughter and heir of Henry Duke of
Suffolk, the sister of the amiable and unfortunate Lady
Jane Grey, and the granddaughter maternally of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen Dowager of
France, sister of King Henry VIII. Upon the discovery
of her pregnancy in 1563, both were committed to the
Tower, where the countess died a prisoner in 1567, after
giving birth to two sons, — Edward, who died in childhood,
and Edward Lord Beauchamp, who in the 6th James I.,
1608-9, obtained letters patent for the enjoyment of the
title of Earl of Hertford. The earl was detained a prisoner
in the Tower for nine years, and fined by the Star Chamber
£15,000 for having vitiated a maid of the royal blood.
The validity of his marriage with the Lady Catharine Grey
was afterwards tried and established at common law.
After his enlargement, the earl only once acted in a public
capacity, the occasion being in 1605, when, on the 19th
April, he was sent as ambassador to the Archduke of
Austria, to ratify and conclude a peace, the preliminaries
of which had been previously settled, and in which mission
he was accompanied by two barons, sixteen knights, and

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 131
man)', gentlemen of quality, his retinue numbering three
hundred persons, most of them being his own servants, in
very rich liveries. The earl, who lived to an advanced age,
died in i62i,and was succeeded by his grandson, Sir William
Seymour, second son of Edward Lord Beauchamp.

THE EARLE OF ESSEX, pp. 30, 31.
, ARMS. — Arg., a fesse, gu., in chief three torteaux, the,
shield ensigned with an earl's coronet.
Robert, third Earl of Essex, was the only son of Robert
Devereux, second earl, the distinguished but unfortunate
favourite of Queen Elizabeth, by Frances, daughter and
heir of Sir Francis Walsingham, Elizabeth's Secretary of
State, and the widow of the gallant, the amiable, and
accomplished Sir Philip Sidney. He was born in 1592,
entered at Merton College, Oxford, in his tenth year, and
restored to the family honours by James I. in 1603, two
years after his father's decapitation. In 1620 he served
under Sir Horace Vere in the expedition sent to the
assistance of Frederick, the Elector Palatine ; afterwards
he was with Prince Maurice in Holland, and subsequently
held several military commands. As already stated (p. 91),
he-was named among "the Illustrious & Heroyicall
Princes,'' to whose " Eternall Memorie " the twenty-four
leaves oi Honour in its Perfection were, in 1624, dedicated,
In May, 1638, he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and
remained attached to the royal cause until the breaking
out of the civil war, when he joined the popular party, and
in July, 1642, accepted a general's commission, and a
command in the Parliamentary army. He defeated the
king's forces at Edge Hill, the first place in which thej:wo
armies were put in array against each other, October 23,
1642 ; subsequently he took Reading, raised the siege of
Gloucester, and fought in the first battle of Newbury, but
in 1645 was deprived pf his command by the "self-denying

132 ANNOTATIONS.
ordinance," under which all members of Parliament were
excluded from civil and military employment. He died
at Essex House, in the Strand, a mansion bequeathed to
his father by Dudley Earl of Leicester, September 14,
1646, and was buried with national obsequies in West
minster Abbey, the two Houses of Parliament attending
his funeral.
At the age of fourteen the earl was betrothed to the Lady
Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk ; but
from this lady, who afterwards became notorious as the
wife of Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset, he obtained a divorce,
and married, secondly, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William
Powlett, of Eddington, in Wiltshire, by whom he had an
only son, who died in infancy ; and hence the earldom of
Ewe and Essex expired, the barony of Ferrers fell into
abeyance, and the viscounty of Hereford devolved upon his
kinsman Sir Walter Devereux.

THE EARLE OF DORSET, pp. 32, 33.
ARMS. — Quarterly or, and gu. ; over all, a bend, vair. ;
the shield ensigned with the coronet of an earl.*
This representative of the ancient and very distinguished
family of Sackville, Richard, third Earl of Dorset, was the
second son (his elder brother, Thomas, having died un
married in 1586) of Robert, the second earl, by Margaret,
daughter of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, beheaded in 1572, and
the grandson of Thomas Sackville, the famous Lord Buck-
hurst, and first Earl of Dorset,* who succeeded Burleigh
as Lord Treasurer of England, and died whilst sitting at
* -Thomas, the first earl, was no less famous as a man of letters than as a
statesman. He is celebrated as the author of the earliest English tragedy in
blank verse, Gorboduc, which has been praised by Sidney for its "notable
moralitie, " and is believed to have given rise to the Fairy Queen ; he also
wrote The Induction to a Mirrour for Magistrates, one of the noblest poems
in the language, and The. Complaint of Henry Duke of Buckingham, &c.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 133
the council-table, April 19, 1608, at the age of eighty-two.
Richard Sackville, who was born in 1589, succeeded to the
earldom on the death of his father, who had enjoyed the
family honours only a few months, February 23, 1609,
being then twenty years of age ; and two days afterwards,
February 25th, married the Lady Ann Clifford,* sole
daughter and heir to George Earl of Cumberland, and
nearly related to the royal family of England by the mar
riage of her grandfather with the niece of Henry VIII.
He rebuilt the chapel at Withiham, the burial-place of his
progenitors ; but, having wasted a large portion of his patri
mony, he eventually parted with the stately mansion of
Knole,t which his grandfather, the Lord Treasurer, had
had bestowed upon him by his royal mistress. He died at
Dorset House, Fleet-street, London, on the 28th March,
1624, in the thirty-fifth year of his age, and was buried at
Withiham, having had issue Thomas, who died in infancy,
and two daughters, — Margaret, married to John Earl of
Thanet, and Isabella, married to James Earl of North
ampton. Having no surviving male issue, he was succeeded
in the title by his younger brother, Sir Edward Sackville.
* This celebrated lady, who married as her second husband Philip Herbert,
Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, possessed considerable literary ability,
but was chiefly distinguished by her high spirit, and a career of munifi
cence, hospitality, and usefulness, that has thrown much veneration round
her memory. She restored the castles of Skipton, Brougham, Appleby, and
Pendragon, and was as diligent in repairing the churches as the fortified
mansions of her ancestors. After the death of her mother, whose memory
she greatly revered, she "caused a pillar, bearing a suitable inscription, to be
erected on the road between Appleby and Penrith, the spot where they had
held their last interview : —
"That modest stone which pious Pembroke rear'd,
Which still records beyond the pencil's power
The silent sorrow of a parting hour." — Pleasures of Memory.
Her high spirit was characteristically displayed in the reply she gave to
Williamson, Secretary of State to Charles IL, who wished to nominate a
member of Parliament for her borough of Appleby:— "I have been bullied
by a usurper, I have been neglected by a court, but I will not be dictated to
by a subject : your man sha'n't stand." She died on the 22m| March, 1676,
in the eighty-eighth year of her age, and was buried, by her express desire, by
the side of her mother in the church of Appleby.
t The mansion, with the demesne of Knole, was repurchased by Richard, the
fifth Earl of Dorset, and it has ever since continued in this illustrious family.

134 ANNOTATIONS,

THE EARLE OF MOVNTGOMERY, pp. 34, 35.
Arms. — Per pale, az. and gu., three lions, rampant, arg.,
differenced by a crescent, the mark of cadency of a second
son ; the shield encircled by a garter inscribed with the
motto of the order, and ensigned with an earl's coronet.
Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, the " memorable
simpleton," as Walpole styles him, who dimmed the lustre
of an honoured name by his cowardice, arrogance, and
folly, was the younger brother of William, third Earl of
Pembroke, to whom, as Lord Chamberlain, reference has
already been made, and second son of Henry, the second
earl, by Mary, second daughter of Sir Henry Sidney, Knt.
On the 4th May, 1 605, he was created by James I. Baron
Herbert of Shurland, in the Isle of Sheppy, and Earl of
Montgomery, and on the 20th May, 1608, was installed a
Knight of the Garter, being at the same time one of the
gentlemen of the chamber to the king. He held the office
of Lord Chamberlain of the Household to Charles I., and
became Chancellor of the University of Oxford, though
he was so illiterate that he could scarcely write his own
name.* On the death of his elder brother without sur
viving issue, April 10, 1630, he succeeded to the earldom
of Pembroke, which had been conferred on his grand
father, William Herbert, who married Ann, sister to
Queen Katherine Parr, the last wife of Henry VIII.
During his lifetime, Charles I. was a frequent visitor
at Wilton House, the stately residence of the Pembroke
family. Aubrey says the king " did love Wilton above
all places, and came there every summer. It was he
that did put Philip, first [fourth ?] Earle of Pembroke,
upon making the magnificent garden and grotto, and to
build that side of the house that fronts the garden, with
two stately pavilions at each end." He is described as a
nobleman profligate in his private habits and unprincipled
* Athena Oxon., vol. i. p. 546.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES, 135
in public life, but withal a patron of learning ; as already
stated, he was one of the . two " moste honorable and
woerthie brothers," "¦ patrons of learning and cheualrie,"
to whom Otho van Veen dedicated his Amorvm Emble-
mata ; and f o him and his brother, Earl William, " the most
noble and incomparable pair of brothers," Heminge and
Condell inscribed the first folio edition of Shakspeare's
plays. His death occurred January 23, 1650. '
The Earl pf Montgomery was twice married ; first, in
1604,* to Susan, youngest daughter and eventually coheir
to Edward Vere, Earl of Oxford, the courtier poet of Eliza
beth's time, by whom he had issue Charles, who married
in 1634 the Lady Mary Villiers, only daughter of George
Duke of Buckingham, but died in a few weeks afterwards
without cohabitation ; Philip, who succeeded as fifth Earl
of Pembroke; William and John, who both died issueless;
James, married to Jane, daughter of Sir Robert Spiller,
Knt, of Laleham, in Middlesex ; and a daughter, Ann-
Sophia, married to Robert Dormer, Earl of Carnarvon.
He married, secondly, the celebrated Lady Ann Clifford,
Duchess Dowager of Dorset, of whom mention has already
been made— an union that caused that lady much sorrow
and anxiety— but by her had no issue.
* The marriage was .celebrated with-greatpomp at Whitehall, the king giving
away the bride. Sir Dudley Carleton, in a letter to Mr. Winwood, gives a
description of the entertainment, which is interesting as illustrating the manners
of the times : — "There was," he says, "no small loss that night of chains and
jewels, and many great ladies were made shorter by the skirts, and were very
well served that they could keep cut no better. The presents of plate and
other things given by the noblemen were valued at £2, 500 ; but that which
made it a good marriage was a gift of the king's, of ,£500 land for the bride's
jointure. They were lodged in the Council Chamber, where the king, in his
shirt and nightgown, gave them a riveille-matin before they were up, and spent
a good time in or upon the bed : chuse which you will believe. No ceremony
was omitted of bridecakes, "points, garters, and gloves, which have been ever
since the livery of the court ; and at night there was sewing into the sheet,
casting off the bride's left hose, and many other pretty sorceries. "^-Win.
Mem., vol. ii. p. 43.

136 A NNO TA TIONS.

THE LORD VISCOVNT LISLE, pp. 36, 37.
Arms. — Or, a pheon, az. The shield encircled by a
garter inscribed with the motto of the order and ensigned
with the coronet of a viscount.
Sir Robert Sidney, Baron Sidney of Penshurst, and
Viscount L'Isle, the representative of a family which con
tributed in no small degree to make the reign of Elizabeth
the glory of all time, was the second son of Sir Henry
Sidney, of Penshurst, a learned and accomplished knight,
in whose arms the youthful King Edward VI. expired,
by Mary, daughter of " the great and miserable " John
Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sister to Robert
* Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and the younger brother of
Sir Philip Sidney, the eloquent poet, the able statesman
and noble soldier, the " darling of his time," the " chiefest
jewel of a crown," the " diamond* of the court of Queen
Elizabeth." Sir Robert Sidney served under his uncle,
the Earl of Leicester, in the Netherlands, and in 1597-8,
being joined by Sir Frances Vere in the command of the
English auxiliaries sent against the Spaniards, he shared
in the honour of the victory gained at Turnhoult, in
Brabant. He held the office of Lord Chamberlain to
Queen Elizabeth, and on the accession of King James, was
constituted Governor of Flushing. On the 13th May, in
the first year of that king's reign, he was made a baron of
the realm by the title of Lord Sidney of Penshurst, in the
county of Kent, and on the 4th May, 1605, was created
Viscount L'Isle. In April, 1613, he was named one of
the principal commissioners to accompany the Princess
Elizabeth, then lately married, and her husband, Frederick,
the Elector Palatine, to Germany ; on the 7th July, 16 16,
he was installed a Knight of the Garter, and on the
2nd August, 1618, was advanced to the dignity of Earl
of Leicester. He died July 13, 1626, and was buried at
Penshurst, having been twice married ; first to Barbara,

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 137
daughter and heir of John G'ammage, Esq., by whom he
had three sons, — Sir William, who died unmarried; Henry,
who died young ; and Robert, his heir ; — and secondly,
to the widow of Sir Thomas Smith, Knight.
His youngest and only surviving son, Robert Sidney, who
succeeded as second Earl of Leicester, was the father of
Algernon Sidney, whose name is scarcely less renowned
in history than that of his great uncle Sir Philip, and who,
through the iniquitous Jeffreys, was .implicated in the
Rye-House Plot, and illegally put to death in 1683.

THE LORD VISCOVNT WALLINGFORD,
PP- 38, 39-
ARMS. — Az., a cross recercele voided, semee of cross
crosslets, or ; the shield encircled by a garter inscribed
with the motto of the order, and ensigned with the
coronet of a viscount.
Sir William Knollys, Viscount Wallingford, the " noble
personage " to whom these arms belonged, was the second
but eldest surviving son of Sir Francis Knollys, K.G.,
an eminent lawyer of Elizabeth's reign, descended from
the renowned Sir Robert Knollys, K.G., the gallant com
panion in arms of Edward the Black Prince, his mother
being Catharine, daughter of William Cary, Esquire, by
Mary, sister of the unfortunate Queen Ann Boleyn. He
was born in 1 544, and shortly after the accession of King
James (Friday, May 29/1603), was created a baron pf the
realm by the title of Lord Knollys of Grays.
In the twelfth year of that king's reign he was made
Master of the Court of Wards, and subsequently installed
a Knight of the Garter ; on the 7th November, 1616, he
was raised to the dignity of a viscount by the title of
Viscount. Wallingford, and on the 14th of the same month
he was named Lord Treasurer of the King's Household.
After the death of James, Lord Wallingford continued in
L

)'.:

1 38 ANNOTA TIONS.
"'favour at court, and on the 18th August, 2 Charles I.
(1626), was elevated to the earldom of Banbury, with
precedence of all earls created before him. He died*on
the 25th May, 1632, in the 88th year of his age, and was
buried at the church of Grays, in Oxfordshire.
The earl married, first, Dorothy, widow of Edmund
Lord Chandos, and sister of John Lord Bray, who bore
him no issue; and, secondly, January 19, 1605, Elizabeth,
eldest daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Suffolk, who
surviving him, became the wife of Edward, fourth Lord
Vaux of Harrowden. This lady had two sons born
during the lifetime of the earl ; viz., Edward, born 1627,
aged five years, one month, and fifteen days, at the earl's
decease, who was slain in a quarrel in France, leaving no
issue ; and Nicholas, born January, 1630, who died 14th
March, 1673-4, having sat as Earl of Banbury in the
Convention Parliament ; though his claim to the family
honours was disputed on the ground of illegitimacy, the
belief being that he was a son of Lord Vaux, whom his
mother afterwards married, rather than of the Earl of
Banbury, who must have been eighty-four years of age at
the time of his birth.

THE BISHOP OF LONDON, pp. 40, 41.
Arms. — Gu., two swords, in saltire, arg., pommels or ;
the arms of the see of London, ensigned with a mitre.
John King, Bishop of London, an eminent preacher at
court in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., was born
at Wornal, in Buckinghamshire, 1559. He received his
education at Westminster, and after completing his aca
demical career at Christ Church, Oxford, was appointed
chaplain to Queen Elizabeth. In 1590 he was named
Archdeacon of Nottingham, and in 1605 preferred to the
deanery of Christ Church, and made Vice- Chancellor of
the University of Oxford. Afterwards he was removed

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 139
to the see of London, and consecrated bishop on Sunday,
September 11, 161 1. He is said to have been a great
master of his tongue and his pen. King James styled him
" the king of preachers," and Lord Chief Justice Coke de
clared that " he was the best speaker in the Star Chamber
of his time." He died March 30, 1621, and was buried
under a plain stone in St. Paul's, on which was inscribed
only the word " Resurgam." It has been alleged that he
died in' the communion of the Church of Rome, but the
calumny has been amply refuted.
Bishop King had a son Henry, born at Wornal, 1591,
who became chaplain to James I., and in 1641 was conse
crated Bishop of Chichester. Like his father, he was a
celebrated preacher, and wrote a metrical version of the
Book of Psalms, and was the author of several poems,
sermons, and letters. Another son of the Bishop of London
was John King, born in 1596, who was successively Orator
of Oxford University, Prebendary of St. Paul's, and Canon
of Windsor.

THE BISHOP OF WINCHESTER, pp. 42, 43.
ARMS.— Gu., two keys, addorsed, in bend, the uppermost
arg., the other or, a sword interposed between them, in
bend sinister, of the second, hilt and pommel gold ; the
arms of the see of Winchester impaling, arg, three lozenges
conjoined, in fesse, gu., within a bordure, sa., differenced
by an annulet, for Montagu ; the. shield ensigned with a
bishop's mitre.
James Montagu, Bishop of Winchester, who bore the
armprial insignia above described, was one of the six sons
of Sir Edward Montagu, Knt., by Elizabeth, daughter of
Sir James Harington, of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and grand
son of Sir Edward Montagu, the distinguished jawyer, and
Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench in Henry VIII.'s
reign, — the common ancestor of the ducal house of Man
chester, of the dukes of Montagu and the earls of Halifax,

140 ANNOTATIONS.
now extinct. The prelate was born in 1538, and received
his education at Christ's Church College, Cambridge, and
afterwards became Master of Sydney College, in the same
-University. On the accession of King James he was named
Dean of the Chapel Royal, an appointment that had been
vacant during the last eight years of Elizabeth's reign.
On the 17th April, 1607, he was consecrated Bishop of
Bath and Wells ; in October, 161 6, he was translated to
Winchester, and on Michaelmas-day, 16 17, sworn a Privy
Councillor at Hampton Court. Dr. Montagu presided
over the see of Winchester only for a short period, his
death occurring July 20, 161 8, in the eightieth year of his
age. His remains were conveyed to Bath and there interred
in the abbey church, which during his episcopate had been
restored at his own expense.

THE BISHOP OF ELY, pp. 44, 45.
Arms. — Gu., three ducal crowns, two and one, or ; the
arms of the see of Ely, ensigned with a bishop's mitre.
Launcelot Andrews, who presided over the see of Ely
at the time the Mirrour of Maiestie appeared, was born
in the city of London in 1555. From his youth he was
remarkable for diligence in his studies and sobriety in his
demeanour. He began his academical career at Pembroke
Hall, Cambridge, was elected fellow in 1576, and master
in 1589. He entered upon the ministry in 1580, and soon
became one of the most distinguished preachers of the age.
St. Giles's and St. Paul's were long the scene of his labours
during the reign of Elizabeth, who made him one of her
chaplains, and in 1597 appointed him Prebendary, and in
1601 Dean of Windsor. Dr. Andrews continued in high
favour with James I., who admired him beyond all other
divines, and in 1605 nominated him Bishop of Ely and Lord
Almoner. In 1609 he was translated to the see of Ely ; oh
Michaelmas-day, 1616, he was sworn of the Privy Council;

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. ' 141
and on the death of Bishop Montagu was translated to the
see of Winchester, the conge" d'e"lire to the dean and chapter
bearing date December 3, 1618.
In learning Andrews ranked next to Usher ; his lin
guistic acquirements were vast, including Hebrew, Chaldee,
Syriac, and Arabic, in' addition to five modern languages.
" The world," said Fuller,* " wanted learning to know how
learned this man was." He was included in the commission
appointed to translate the Bible, and with nine others
was assigned the Pentateuch and historical books, com
mencing with Joshua and ending with Kings; he also wrote
a Manual of Private Devotions and other works, and was
employed by King James to answer Cardinal Bellarmine's
attack upon that monarch's Defence of the Rights of Kings.
Andrews belonged to what is known as the High Church
party, his views being much in accordance with those of
Laud, who called him " the light of the Christian world."
In Elizabeth's reign he caused scandal by preaching at
court " that contrition, without confession and absolution
and deeds worthy of repentance, was not sufficient ; that
the ministers had the two keys of power and knowledge
delivered unto them ; that whose sins soever they remitted
upon earth should be remitted in heaven." * His learning
was extolled by some of the greatest European scholars,
his oratory was irresistibly fascinating, and his moral
character was worthy of his fame and office. Of his per
sonal piety no second opinion can be entertained : through
life he exercised the charity and hospitality of a Christian
bishop, and at his death, which occurred in 1626, he left
all his means for the promotion of works of piety and
benevolence. * Sidney Letters, vol. ii. 192.

142 ANNOTATIONS.
THE LORD ZOVCH, pp. 46, 47.
ARMS. — Gu., ten bezants, or, a canton, ermine.*
Edward, son and heir of George, tenth Lord Zouch of
Haryngworth, by Margaret, daughter and coheir of Wil
liam Welby, of Molton, in Lincolnshire, succeeded as
eleventh lord on the death of his father in 1569, being then
in his minority. He was a " personage " of considerable note
in the reign of Elizabeth, and not less so in that of her
successor, James I. In 1587 he was one of the peers who
sat in judgment upon the ill-fated Queen of Scots, and was
afterwards sent on a diplomatic mission to Scotland to
palliate the act. On the ioth June, 1598, he was dispatched
to Copenhagen to present the congratulations of the Queen
of England to Christian IV, King of Denmark, on the
occasion of his marriage with the daughter of the Marquess
of Brandenbourg, and in 160 1-2 was appointed Lord Presi
dent of Wales. On the accession of King James, he was-
continued in his office of Lord President, and on the 1 ith
May, 1603, along with Lord Burghley, was sworn a Privy
Councillor at the Charter house, and shortly afterwards
was constituted Constable of Dover Castle and Warden- of
the Cinque Ports for life, during which time Sir Edward
Nicholas, afterwards so celebrated, was his secretary.
Lord Zouch was the friend of Sir Henry Wotton, the
famous diplomatist and political writer, and is said to have
been intimately acquainted with Ben Jonson, the dramatist,
concerning whom* the following circumstance is related in
Bridges' History of Northamptonshire : — " That eastward
from the church of Haryngworth, and contiguous to the
old manor-house, are large ruins of the outward walls of a
chapel, and against the south wall are the remains of the
monument of George Lord Zouch, who died in 1 5 69. At
the bottom of the north wall is a small hole communicating
with the cellar of the house, which, according to tradition,
* In the Mirrour eleven bezants are depicted.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 143
gave occasion to the following lines of the facetious Ben
Jonson : — ' Whenever I die, let this be my fate,
To lye by my good lord Zouche ;
That when I am dry, to the tap I may hye,
And so back again to my couch.' "
Lord Zouch married Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Zouch,
of Codnor, and, surviving her, had for his second wife Sarah,
daughter of Sir James Harington, of Exton, the sister of
Elizabeth, wife of Sir Edward , Montagu, and widow, first,
of Francis Lord Hastings, and, secondly, of Sir George
Kingsmill. His lordship died in 1625, leaving two daughters
his coheirs; viz., Elizabeth, married to. William Tate, of
De la Pre, in Northamptonshire, and Mary, wife of Thomas
Leighton, Esq.; but, having no surviving male issue, the
barony fell into abeyance, and so remained until 1807,
when Sir Cecil Bisshopp preferred a claim to the ancient
dignity in right pf his mother, descended from Elizabeth,
the eldest of the two coheirs of Lord' Zouch, and having
made good his descent, had summons to Parliament.

THE LORD WINDSOR, pp. 48, 49.
Arms. — Gu., a saltire, arg, between sixteen cross-
crosslets, or.*
Thomas, sixth Lord Windsor, the last of that surname
who enjoyed the title, was the son of Henry, the fifth
lord, a nobleman of great qualifications! and virtues, by
Ann, daughter and coheir of Sir Thomas. Revet, of Chip
penham, in Kent, Knt. On the death of his father, in
1605, Lord Thomas succeeded to the family honours, and
bn the 4th June, 1610, on the occasion of the creation of
Henry Prince of Wales, was made a Knight of the Bath,
along wrth twenty-four other lords and gentlemen. In
1623 he was appointed Rear- Admiral of the fleet dis-
* In the Mirrovr, only thirteen cross-crosslets are blazoned upon the shield.

144 ANNOTA TIONS.
patched to Spain for the purpose pf bringing home Prince
Charles, after his romantic mission with Buckingham to
the court of Madrid ; on which occasion he entertained the
grandees of that court with sumptuous prodigality. Nothing
could exceed the splendour of his equipage in this mission,
the cost of which, it is said, exceeded ,£15,000, the whole
of which he personally bore, " being of a most free and
generous spirit."* Waller has alluded to the reception
given the Spaniards by the fleet in a juvenile poem, re
markable to the curious in poetical anecdote, as having
been written only twenty-five years after the death of
Spenser : — " Now had his Highness bid farewell to Spain,
And reached the sphere of his own power, the main ;
With British bounty in his ship he feasts
The Hesperian princes, his amazed guests,
To find that watery wilderness exceed
The entertainments of their great Madrid. "+
Lord. Windsor, who is described as a nobleman of learn
ing and accomplishments, with a tasfe for antiquities, which
he carefully cultivated, married Catharine, daughter of
Edward Earl of Worcester, but left no issue. He died in
1642, having bequeathed his whole estate, by special deed,
dated December, 1641, to his nephew, Thomas Windsor
Hickman, son of Dixie Hickman, Esq., by Elizabeth, his
lordship's sister.

THE LORD WENTWORTH, pp. 50, 51. J
Arms. — Sa., a chevron between three leopards' faces,
or, a crescent for difference.
. Sir Thomas Wentworth, the great and unfortunate Earl
* Banks, vol. ii. p. 612. f Fenton's Waller, Notes, p. 4..
J It is worthy of remark that Sir Thomas Wentworth is here styled " The.
Lord Wentworth," though he was not created a baron — the lowest rank in
the British peerage— until 1628, ten years after the Mirrour was published ;
and it is further curious that in the shield assigned him, the badge or distinctive
ensign of a baronet, which he was then entitled to bear, is omitted.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 145
of Strafford, was the eldest son of Sir William Wentworth,
of Wentworth- Woodhouse, in Yorkshire, the representative
of a family founded by Reginald de Winterwade, whose
name occurs in Doomsday Book. He was born in Chan
cery Lane, London, April 13, 1593, and educated at St.
John's College, Cambridge ; having travelled over the Con
tinent, he returned to England in 16 13, when he received
the honour of knighthood, and shortly afterwards married
Mary, eldest' daughter of Francis Clifford, fourth Earl of
Cumberland. On the death of his father in the following
year, he succeeded to the estates, and also to the baronetcy,
which had been conferred by James I., on the original
institution of that order, in 161 2, and about the same time
was returned to Parliament as one of the representatives
for Yorkshire, and sat in several successive Parliaments,
his leanings being towards the opponents of the court,
though without holding extreme views, and in 161 5 he was
-named custos rotulorum for the county. In 1626, after the
accession of Charles I., he was one of those who were made
sheriffs of their counties, to prevent them from sitting in
Parliament, a procedure which inspired so much resent
ment, that he signalized himself by refusing the arbitrary
loan exacted in the following year, and suffered imprison
ment in consequence.* He returned to the third Parliament
: of Charles with a feeling of determined opposition to the
court, and possibly with some real zeal for the liberties of
his country ; but, either from ambitious motives or an
awakened dread for the safety of the constitution, fearing
that his associates were proceeding to too great lengths,
he went over to the side of the king, and, to the surprise
of all, he was, on the 22nd July, 1628, elevated to the
peerage by the title of Baron Wentworth, Newmarsh, and
Oversley ; thus commencing a splendid and baleful career
that ended upon the scaffold.f On the ioth December fol-
* Hallam.
* + It is recorded that shortly after his elevation, Strafford met with his old
friend Pym, and remarked : " You see, I Have left you" ; to which the dema
gogue replied, " So I perceive ; but we shall never leave you as long as you
have a head on your shoulders." Pym kept his word, and never lost sight of
Strafford till he had brought him to .the block. * M

146 ANNOTA TIONS.
lowing he 'was advanced to the dignity of a viscount, and
in the succeeding year made a Privy Councillor, Lord Lieu
tenant of Yorkshire, and Lord President of the Council of
the North, a court possessing inordinate powers, with a
criminal jurisdiction extending from the Humber to the
Scottish frontier. His love of power being still unsatisfied,
he was, in July, i633,by his own desire, made Lord Deputy
of Ireland, a country that had for centuries been the hotbed
of faction, and where his commanding energy, his despotic
power, and imperious passions created general alarm, and
led the way to the rebellion of 164 1. In 1640 Strafford
received his final honours: on the 12th January he was
created Baron Raby, of Raby Castle, in the county of
Durham, and Earl of Strafford, and on the 12th September
following he was invested with the Order of the Garter.
His defection from his friends, his powerful intellect and
commanding genius, his steadfast fidelity to his sovereign
and to the Church of England, and his lofty and imperious
tone in the council-chamber, aroused the fear and hatred
of the Parliament party, who were eager to effect his de
struction. While with the army in the North, he was
apprised by his friends of the gathering storm. In Novem
ber, 1 641, he returned to London, in obedience to the
summons ,of the king, who said he could not dispense with
the services of his ablest councillor, receiving the solemn
assurance of Charles that, "upon the word of a king, he
should not suffer in life, honour, or fortune." * Within a
day or two of his arrival he went down to the House, when
he was impeached of high treason by the Commons, his
former friend, but then sworn adversary, Pym, taking the
leading part against him, and the same night he was lodged
in the Tower, On the 22nd March, 1641, his trial — one of
the most memorable in the annals of the State — began in
Westminster Hall, and continued day by day until the ioth
April, Strafford defending himself with so much wisdom,
eloquence, and ability, that, had he not been foredoomed, his
unanswerable arguments must undoubtedly have secured
his, acquittal. As the impeachment seemed likely to fail,
* Strafford Letters, vol. ii. p. 416.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 147
a bill of attainder was proposed, which was read a first time
on the 13th April, and passed on the 21st. Charles, who
loved Strafford tenderly, at first refused his1 assent ; but,
yielding to the entreaties of those about him, and in viola
tion of the solemn, promise he had given, eventually signed
the death-warrant, and on the 12th May, 1641, the minister,
who had trusted in his promise of protection, was beheaded
on Tower Hill, behaving with all that dignity of resolution
to be expected from his character. The king's conscience
was deeply wounded by his acquiescence in the death of
his favourite minister, and he looked back with remorse
upon the injustice he had been guilty of during the mis
fortunes which afterwards overwhelmed him. The political
faults of Strafford were doubtless many and great, but the
charge of treason was groundless, and the attainder uncon
stitutional : he was made the victim of popular clamour,
and his death was the first political murder. The eulogium
of his enemy Whitelock might well serve for his epitaph :
— " Tims," he says, " fell this noble earl, who, for natural
parts and abilities, and for improvement of knowledge by
experience in the greatest affairs — for wisdom, faithfulness,
and gallantry of mind, hath left few behind him that can
be ranked as his equal."
By his first wife, who died in 1622, Lord Strafford had
no issue. On the 24th February, 1625, he married for his
second wife Arabella, second daughter of John Holies, first
Earl of Clare, a lady of great beauty and cultivated mind,
who died in October, 1631, leaving a son, William, and ,two
daughters, — Ann, who married Edward Watson, Earl of
Rockingham, and Arabella, who became the wife of John
M'Carthy, Viscount Mountcashel. In October, 1632, tiis
lordship again entered the marriage state, his third wife
being Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Godfrey Rhodes, Knt, of
Great Houghton, in Yorkshire, who bore him two children,
Thomas and Margaret, both of whom died unmarried.
In 1662 the attainder of Earl Strafford wa% reversed,
and his eldest son, William, restored to the titles of the
house.

148 AN NOTA TIONS.

THE LORD DARCIE, pp. 52, 53.
Arms. — Az., semee of cross crosslets, and three cinque-
foils, arg.
The Lord Darcie by whom these arms were borne would
appear to have been John, the last of the line who bore the
title, the only son and heir of Michael Darcy, descended
from Norman D'Arcie or D'Areci, who came into England
with the Conqueror, and his wife Margaret, daughter of
Thomas Wentworth, Esq., and the grandson of John Lord
Darcy, restored in blood by the title of Lord Darcy of
Aston, 28th August, 1558, who married Agnes, the daughter
of Thomas Babington, of Dethick, in the county of Derby,
Esq., and sister of Anthony Babington, beheaded for his
share in the conspiracy to liberate the Queen of Scots.
This John, who served with Walter Earl of Essex in his
expedition to Ireland, survived his son Michael, and died
in 1587, being succeeded in the title by his grandson John,
. above named, who married Rosamond, daughter of Sir
Peter Frescheville, of Stavely, in Derbyshire, Knt, by
whom he had an only son, who pre-deceased him, and
two daughters, who both died unmarried.
Lord Darcy dying in 1635 without surviving male issue,
the barony ceased, and remained extinct until Charles I.,
in 1641-2, restored and confirmed it to Sir Conyers Darcy,
Knt, the grandson of Arthur, younger brother of John
Lord Darcy, restored in blood, and the son of Thomas Lord
D'arcy, who was beheaded in the reign of Henry VIII.
Contemporaneous with the Lord Darcy of Aston, above
mentioned, there was a Lord Darcy of Chiche, in Essex.
Thomas, the third baron, eldest son of John Lord Darcy
(who also claimed descent from Norman D'Arcie), by
Frances, daughter of Richard Lord Rich, which Thomas, on
the 5th July, 1621, was created by James I. Viscount Col
chester, with limitation, on failure of male issue, to his son-
in-law, Sir Thomas Savage, of Rock-Savage,' in Cheshire,

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 149
and the "heirs of his body by Elizabeth his wife, eldest
daughter of Lord Thomas ; and on the 4th November,
2 Charles I. (1626), was further advanced to the earldom of
Rivers, with like limitation. His lordship died February 21,
1639, and having survived his only son, Thomas, who died
issueless, the barony of Chiche failed ; but the titles of
Colchester and Rivers devolved i upon his son-in-law, Sir
Thomas Savage, in accordance with the limitation named.
The arms borne by Lord Darcy of Chiche — arg., three
cinquefoils, ^.—differ from those depicted in the Mirrour
of Maiestie, and we may therefore assume that Lord
Darcy of Aston was the " noble personage rancked in the
Catalogue."

THE LORD WOTTON, pp. 54, 55.
ARMS.— ,/4 rg., a cross form^e, fitchee at the foot, sa.
Sir Edward Wotton, Lord Wotton of Marley, was the
eldest son of Thomas Wotton, of Boughton Malherbe,
in the county of Kent, and the brother of Sir Henry
Wotton, Lord Essex's secretary (the famous diplomatist
and political writer), df Sir James, who distinguished
himself in the expedition to Cadiz, and of Sir John, the
accomplished scholar and traveller. Sir Edward having
been introduced at court, was knighted by Queen Elizabeth
and made Comptroller of her Majesty's Household, and
was, says Camden, "¦ remarkable for many and great
employments in the State during her reign, and sent'
several times ambassador into foreign nations." After the
accession of James, he was, on the 20th May; 1603, made
a baron of the realm by the title of Lord Wotton of Marley,
in the county of Kent ; Sir Robert Sidney of Penshurst, Sir
William Knollys, and Sir Robert Cecil being .elf vated to
the peerage at the same time ; and on the 22nd December,
i6i6,he was appointed Treasurer of the King's Household,
but surrendered his staff of office on the 1st February,

150 A NNO TA TIONS.
1618. Like the rest of his family, Lord Wotton was
conspicuous for his refined taste and mental qualifications.
He married Esther, daughter and coheir of Sir William
Puckering, of Yorkshire, Knt., and by her had issue an
only son, Thomas, born in 1597, who succeeded him, and
died in 1630.

THE LORD STANHOPE, pp. 56, 57.
Arms. — Quarterly, erm. and gu.
John Stanhope, Lord Stanhope of Harrington, .was. the
third son of Sir Michael Stanhope, of Shelford, in Notting
hamshire, who was beheaded in 1552 with Sir Thomas
Arundel, for conspiring the death of Dudley, Duke of
Northumberland, his mother being Ann, daughter of
Nicholas Rawson, Esq., of Aveley Bellhouse, in Essex.
During the reign of Elizabeth and James, he. was in
much favour at court, and held several important offices,
including those of Treasurer of the Chambers and Master
of the Ports. On the 4th May, 1605, being then Vice-
Chamberlain to the king, he was raised to the peerage by
the title of Baron Stanhope of Harrington, being the first
of this house, though of ancient and honourable descent,
that was ennobled. His lordship died 9th March, 1620,
having had issue by his wife Margaret, daughter and
coheir of Henry M'Williams, of Stanbourne, in Essex,
two daughters, viz., Elizabeth, married to Sir Lionel
Tollemache, father of the first Earl of Dysart, and
Catharine, married to Robert Cholmondeley, created in
1628 Viscount Cholmondeley, and an only son, Charles,
who succeeded, as second Lord Stanhope, and,. haying
married Dorothy, sister to the Earl of Newburgh, died
issueless in 1677, when the dignity expired.

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 151

THE LORD CAREW, pp. 58, 59.
ARMS. — Or, three lioncels, passant in pale, sa., armed
and langued, gu. : a crescent for difference.
This distinguished soldier, George Lord Carew, of
Clopton, in the county of Warwick, was the son of George
Carew, Archdeacon of Totness and Dean of Exeter,
descended from Sir Thomas Carew, who served with
distinction at the battle of Agincourt. He was born
in 1557, and at the age of fifteen began his academical
career at Broad-gate. Hall (now Pembroke College),.
Oxford, where he attained considerable proficiency. On
, quitting the university, he embraced the profession of
arms, and served in the Irish wars against the Earl of
Desmond and other rebels. In 1580 he was made
Governor of the Castle of Askeaton, and some years
later was appointed Lieutenant-General of Artillery, and
Master of the Ordnance in Ireland. In 1596 he was
nominated, to a command in the expedition fitted out to
destroy* the Spanish fleet in the port of Cadiz, and on the
19th February, 1598, he accompanied Secretary Cecil as
ambassador to France, from which country he returned
ist May following; in the succeeding year he was ap
pointed Lord President of Munster, and in 1600 made
Treasurer of the Army, and also one of the Lords Justices
of Ireland, that country at the time being in a state of
open rebellion, whilst the entire force at his disposal for
its suppression numbered only 3,000 infantry and 250
cavalry. By his consummate skill and valour he overcame
all difficulties; he made the Earl of Desmond and the
chieftain O'Connor prisoners, brought the other rebel
chiefs under subjection, and reduced all the fortified
strongholds. In 1601 he defeated a body of Spaniards
who had landed at Kinsale, and the next year attacked
arid captured the castle of Dunboy, until then deemed im
pregnable ; thereby preventing another projected invasion,

152 A NNO TA TIONS.
which the Spaniards abandoned on hearing of the fall of
that stronghold. In 1603, Elizabeth having reluctantly
accepted the resignation of his burdensome office, he re
turned to England,' arriving only three days before the
queen's death. By her successor his merits were highly
valued. On the 2nd May, 1603, he was deputed by the
Lords of the Council, with other distinguished personages,
to attend Ann, queen of James I., on her journey from
Scotland into England. In the same year he was ap
pointed Governor of Guernsey, and on the- 4th June, 1605,
was created a peer of the realm, by the title of Baron
Carew of Clopton, in the county of Warwick. In 1608
he was appointed Master-General of Ordnance of Great
Britain ; on the 20th July, 16 16, sworn of the Privy
Council ; and in 1625, on the accession of Charles I., he
was raised to the earldom of Totness, a dignity he enjoyed
only four years, his death occurring at the Savoy, London,
1629, in the seventy-second year of his age.

THE LORD HAYE, pp. 60, 61.
Arms. — A rg., three escutcheons, gu.
James Lord Hay, the frivolous fantastic spendthrift,
who in the reign of James I. shared so large a portion of
the royal favour and the royal purse, was the son of a
Scottish merchant. He received his education in France,
and returning to England about the time of James's
accession, was presented at court by the French am
bassador, where his showy person and elegance of manners
quickly rendered him a favourite. On the 29th June,
161 5, he was ennobled by the title of Lord Hay of
Sawley, a creation that would seem to have originated
in some freak of the king, the dignity being conferred
without the issue of letters-patent or a seat in the House
of Lords. In 1616 he was sent on a mission to Paris to
congratulate the king of France on his marriage with the

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 153
Infanta of Spain, and to ask the hand of the Princess
Christian, eldest daughter of Louis XIII., for the
Prince Charles. Nothing could exceed the splendour of
this embassage ; the members of his train were clothed
in the most costly liveries, and the horse on which he
rode was shod with silver shoes lightly tacked on, so that
they could be flung away for the greedy bystanders to
scramble for, a farrier or argentier following with others,
which were scattered about with the same extravagant
prodigality.* On the 20th March, 1617, he was sworn of
the Privy Council, and on the 5th July in the following
year raised to the title of Viscount Doncaster. In 16 19
he was sent ambassador to Germany, with a view of
mediating between the emperor and the Bohemians, a
mission that is estimated to have cost no less than
fifty or sixty thousand pounds. In 162 1 he was sent
upon another embassage to France, to mediate between
Louis XIII. and the French Protestants, but his diplo
macy was not .attended with success. In September,
1622, he was raised to the earldom of Carlisle, and in the
following year he was at Madrid during the matrimonial
visit of Prince Charles, though there is no evidence of
his being employed officially. After the accession of
Charles I., he does not appear to have held any very, ¦
important office, though he was not entirely overlooked,
being in 1633 named first gentlemahf of the bedchamber
to the king. His death occurred April 25, 1636, when,
says Clarendon, he left neither " a house nor an acre
of land to be remembered by," a statement that is con
tradicted by Lodge, who affirms that, "notwithstanding
his expensive absurdities, he left a very large fortune,
partly derived from his marriage with the heiress of the
Lords Denny, but more from the king's unlimited bounty."
The earl carefully shunned politics, which would have
made him enemies ; "and thus he escaped the fate of
Somerset, Buckingham, and Strafford. If he wis prodigal
* Wilson, p. 94.
f Formerly the title of "gentleman" implied, in its strictest sense,
nobility. N

154 ANNOTATIONS.
in his expenditure, it was in accordance with the tastes
pf his sovereign, whose -character he understood more
thoroughly perhaps than any of his contemporaries. With
all his failings, he was modest and unassuming, and his
unaffected courtesy and generous hospitality made him
a general favourite — "he was a sensualist without being
selfish, and a courtier without being insolent."
The earl married, first, Honora, sole daughter and
heir of Edward Lord Denny, afterwards created Earl
of Norwich. Surviving her, he married, secondly, No
vember 6, 1617, the beautiful but frivolous Lady Lucy
Percy, youngest daughter of Henry, eighth Earl of
Northumberland, the most enchanting woman at the
court of Charles, and, next to the far-famed Sacharissa,
the goddess of Waller's idolatry.

THE LORD CHIEFE IUSTICE OF THE
KINGS-BENCH, pp. 62, 63.
Arms. — Arg., three lozenges, conjoined, in fesse, -gu.,
within a bordure, sa., differenced by a mullet, the mark of
cadency of a third son.
This distinguished lawyer and parliamentary orator,
Sir Henry Montagu, the founder of the ducal house of
Manchester, was the third of the six sons of Sir Edward
Montagu, by Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Harington,
of Exton, in Rutlandshire, and the grandson of Sir
Edward Montagu, Lord Chief 'Justice of the King's Bench
in 1539. On the 23rd July, 1603, he was knighted by
James I. at Westminster, along with some three or four
hundred others; on the 19th March, 1604, he was re
turned as representative of the City of London in the
first Parliament of James; on the 18th November, 1616,
he was sworn Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench;
on Monday, December 4, 1620, he was made Lord
Treasurer of England at Newmarket, where the king

A RMS A ND PERSONA GES. 15 5'
gave him his staff and created him Lord Montagu, Baron
of Kimbolton and Viscount Mandeville ; and. on Saturday,
the 1 6th of the same month, he was sworn at the Ex
chequer On the accession of Charles I., he was created
Earl of Manchester (February 5, 1626), and was afterwards
appointed Lord Privy Seal. The earl was thrice married ;
first, to Catharine, second daughter of SirWilliam. Spencer,
of Yarnton, in Oxfordshire, by whom he had three sons ;
secondly, to Ann, .daughter and heir of William Wincot,
Esq., of Langham, in Staffordshire, and widow of Sir
Leonard Halliday, Knt, Lord Mayor of London, but by
her had no issue; his third wife, whom he married in
1620, being Margaret, daughter of John Crouch, Esq., of
Cornbury, in Hertfordshire, and widow of John Hare,
Esq., who bore him a son, George Montagu, ancestor of
the Earls of Halifax, and a daughter, Susannah, who
became the wife of George Brydges, sixth Lord Chandos.
His lordship died November 6, 1642, and was succeeded
in the title by his eldest son, Edward Montagu, the renowned
parliamentarian general, who defeated Prince Rupert at
Marston Moor, when Cromwell acted as his lieutenant-
general, and who at the Restoration was accepted by the
Lords as their speaker to congratulate Charles II. on his
return to his capital.

THE LORD CHIEFE IUSTICE OF THE
COMMON-PLEAS, pp. 62, 63.
ARMS. — Sa., an estoile of eight * points, or, between two
flaunches, erm., differenced by a crescent.
Sir Henry Hobart, by whom this coat was borne, was
the second son of Miles Hobart, of Plumstede, by Audrey,
daughter and coheir of William Hare, Esq., of" Beeston,
in Norfolk. Having completed his education, he adopted
* In the shield depicted in the Mirrour, the estoile has only six points.

156 ANNOTATIONS.
the profession of the law, and soon rose tp considerable
eminence. In 1595 he was chosen steward of the city of
Norwich, and in the following year elected one of the
governors of his own inn, being about the same time
returned burgess in Parliament for Yarmouth, which
borough he also represented in 1600. In 1603 he was
called to the degree of serjeant-at-law, and. on the
23rd July in the same year he received the honour of
knighthood, in company with his eldest son, John. He
represented the city of Norwich in the first Parliament
of James I., and, being held in high repute for his
ability and learning, was in 1605 made attorney to
the Court of Wards, and on the 4th July of the same
year constituted King's Attorney-General. On the 22nd
July, 1610, he was appointed by letters patent one of the
first governors of the Charter-house,* and on the 22nd
November in the following year created a baronet, being
the ninth in precedency in the institution of that order.
On the' 26th October, 1613, he was appointed successor to
Sir Edward Coke as Lord Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas, an office in which he acquitted himself with much
honour, Sir Francis Bacon being at the same time consti
tuted Attorney-General. Bacon was his rival, and, in 161 5,
on the anticipated death of Lord Chancellor Ellesmere,
fearing that Sir Henry Hobart might be appointed to
succeed, he addressed a letter to the king, under date 12th
February, 1615, "touching the Lord Chancellor's place,"
in which occurs the following passage : —
" If you take my Lord Hubbard [Hobart], you shall have a judge at the
upper end of your council-board and another [Coke] at the lower end, whereby
your Majesty will find your prerogative pent ; for though there should be
emulation between them, yet, as legists, they will agree in magnifying that
wherein they are best. He is no statesman, but an ceconomist, wholly for
himself; so as your Majesty, more than an outward form, will find little
help in him for your business. " +
In the later years of his life he commenced the rebuilding
* Stow, 940.
f Lambeth MSS. quoted in Spedding's Letters and Life of Francis Bacon,
ed. 1S69. •

ARMS AND PERSONAGES. 157
of Blickling Hall,* one of the most perfect examples re
maining of the time of the first James, previously the seat
of the Boleyns, and ' celebrated as the house from which
Henry VIII. married the ill-fated mother of Queen Eliza
beth, the Lady Anne Boleyn.. At his decease were pub
lished reports of several law cases, which bear this title :
TJte Reports of that Reverend and Learned Judge, the Right
Hon. Sir Henry Hobart, Knt. and Bart., Lord Chief Justice
of His Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, and Chancellor to
both their Highnesses, Henry and Charles, Prince of Wales,
&c. On the 22nd April, 1590, he married, at Blickling,
Dorothy, daughter of Sir Robert Bell, of Beaupre Hall, in
Norfolk, Knt, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, by
whom he had sixteen children, one of them being Sir
Miles Hobart, noted in the time of Charles I, for his oppo
sition to the royalist party, and who, on the 2nd March,
1628-9, to prevent the anticipated dissolution of Parlia
ment, forcibly held the Speaker, Sir John Finch, in the
chair while certain strong resolutions were passed.
Sir Henry Hobart died December 26, 1625, and -was
succeeded by his eldest son, Sir John Hobart, who married,
first, Philippa, daughter of Robert Sidney, Earl of Leicester,
and, secondly, Frances, eldest daughter of John Earl of
Bridgewater ; but, dying without surviving male issue, the
title devolved upon his nephew, Sir John Hobart, grand
father of the first. Earl of Buckinghamshire.

THE LORD CHIEFE- BARON OF THE
EXCHEAQUER, pp. 62, 63.
ARMS. — Arg., two chevrons between three martlets, sa.,
two and one.
Sir Laurence Tanfield, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer,
the last of the " personages rancked in the Catalogue," was
* Mr. Henry Shaw, F.S.A., remarks that the entrance-porch to this stately
mansion ' ' may be regarded as one of the earliest attempts at the restoration
of classical architecture, and appears to be formed upon the model of the Arch
of Titus at Rome."

158 ANNOTATIONS.
the only son of Robert Tanfield, of Burford, in Oxford
shire, by his wife, Wilgeford Fitzherbert, and the third
in descent from Robert Tanfield, the representative of a
family seated at Harpole and Gayton, in Northampton
shire, from the time of Henry VI. This Robert Tanfield
married Catharine, daughter of Edward Neville, Baron
Abergavenny, by his second wife, Catharine, sister of John
Howard, Duke of Norfolk. Laurence Tanfield's name
occurs as Reader of the Society of the Inner Temple in
1595; on the ioth January, 1605, he was appointed a
puisne justice of the King's Bench, and on the 25th June,
1607, created Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, in the
place of Sir Thomas Fleming, who had been made Chief
Justice of the King's Bench; and this dignity he held
during the remainder of his life. He died on the
30th April, 1625, and was buried in the church of Burford,
his native place, in which, in the centre of an enclosed
aisle or chapel on the north side of the church, is an altar-
tomb, with the recumbent effigies of himself and his wife
beneath an enriched canopy, supported by ornamental
pillars. By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Gyles Symonds,
of Cley, in Norfolk, he had issue an only daughter, bearing
the same baptismal name as her mother, who became the
wife of Sir Henry Cary, K.B., created Viscount Falkland
November 10, 1620, whose son Lucius, the second viscount*,
born in 1610, — " Falkland the generous and the just," —
became heir to his maternal grandfather, and lost his life
at the battle of Newbury, September 20, 1643, whilst
fighting on the royalist side. J. C.

III.
NOTICE OF WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES,
AND ESPECIALLY OF THOSE WHICH
CONTAIN THE ILLUSTRATIVE PLATES.

[jERE we to bring together into a regular series
full notices of the various works in literature
which bear on their title-pages the English
 word Mirror, or . the French Miroir, the
German and Dutch ©piegel, the Latin Speculum, and the
Greek Theatron, we should have to compile a volume,
rather than a chapter. The subjects, too, treated of
would be found almost universal. Though in its exer
cise often doing violence to good taste, and at times
offending against the proprieties of thought, the idea has
for centuries been popular of holding up • a glass and of
looking within it to see reflected characters, personages,
events, histories, moral instruction, philosophical, spiritual,
and religious truths, and the whole contour of society, of
government, and of the world.
Itis a long time" ago, too, since the use of jingling alli
terative titles became prevalent. Not to travel out of our
English tongue, nor away from the one word Mirror, we
may refer to a curious medley of subjects, all set'forth in
the looking-glass of the imagination, and imprinted for the
edification of mankind. Thus : —
"The Mirroure of Gold for the synfull soule, translated out of frenche
into englishe by the right excellent princesse Margaret moder to our soueraigne
lord king Henry the VII." London, Pynson. 410.
"A Myrrour for Man"; by Tho. Churchyard, about 1550.
"The Mirrour of Madnes, or a Paradoxe maintayning Madness to be
most excellent "; by J. Sandford. 8vo. London. 1576.

160 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
"A Mirrhor mete for all Mothers, Matrones and Maidens, entituled the
Mirrhor of Modestie"; — "A pretie and pithie Dialogue betweene Mercurie
and Virtue "; by Thomas Salter. 8vo. London. 1579.
"The Mirrour of Mutabilitie, or principall part of the Mirrour for
Magistrates"; by Antony Munday. 4to. London. 1579.
"A Mirour of Monsters"; compiled by W. Rankins, A.D. 1587.
" The Mirror of Martyrs ; the life and death of that thrice valient Capi-
taine, and most godly Martyre, Sir John Old-castle knight Lord Cobham " ;
by John Wee ver. 8vq. 1601.
But, above them all, we name and commend
"A Mirovr for Magistrates,* being a true Chronicle Historie of the
vntimely falles of such vnfortunate Princes and men of note, as haue happened
since the first entrance of Brute into this Hand, vntill this our latter Age.
Newly enlarged with a last part, called, A Winter-night's Vision,^ being an
addition of such Tragedies, especially famous, as are exampled in this former
Historie, with a Poem annexed called England's Eliza." (The Device is a
wand entwined by two serpents, two cornucopias, hands issuing from clouds,
and the motto "By Peace Plenty, by Wisdom Peace.") "At London,
Imprinted by Felix Kyngstun 1610." 8vo. Pages, 20 unnumbered, 1 — 875
numbered. This work, commenced in 1559, was added to at various
times, until from less than thirty tales, or histories, it was
enlarged so as to comprise eighty legends and eleven
supplements. In -the entire volume the first legend tells,
" How King Albanuet the yongest sonne of Brutus and
first King of Albanie (now called Scotland) was slain by
King Humber, the yeare before Christ 1085"; and the
eightieth records, " How the Lord Cromwell exalted from
meane estate was after by the enuie of the Bishop of Win
chester and other his complices brought to vntimely end
Anno Dom. 1 540." Of the eleven additions, the eighty-first
tale gives " The life and death of King Arthur " ; and the
ninety-first the poem annexed, England's Eliza, p. 873, of
which the following is a stanza :—
* ' ' The Induction " to the work was composed by the celebrated Thomas
Sackville, Earl of -Dorset, in 1563. To him also is assigned " The Complaint
of the Duke of Buckingham." Thomas Sackville died in 1608, leaving behind
a very memorable name.
f This Winter-night 's Vision was dedicated to Charles Howard, the Earl
of Nottingham, who was "the Lord Admirall" of the Mirrovr of Maiestie,
pp. 19, 20.

MIRRORS. 161
" Thus to the life of our triumphant Dame
Time in her reigne no yeere did multiplie
Which Fortune did not dignyfie with fame
Or praise of some illustrate vicfcorie ;
'Gainst Rome, 'gainst Spaine, or th' Austrian enemie
'Gainst whom that houre that she expir'd her breath,
She di'd victorious in the armes of death. "
With the unalliterative titles our array might easily be
swelled out, but not to so great a degree as might be ima
gined. The Myrrour of the worlde appeared in 148 1, and
Fewterer's Myrrour or Glasse of Christis Passion in 1534.
The Mirrour of Princely deeds is dated 1,579 > Robert
Greene's Mirrour or looking glasse for the Ladies of Eng
land, 4to, 1583; and the same author's "Penelope's Web,
Wherein a Christall Myrror of fceminine perfection repre
sents to the viewe of euery those vertues and graces, which
more curiously beautifies the mynd of women, then eyther
sumptuous Apparell, or Iewels of inestimable valew." 4to.
IS87- . -
The Mariners Mirror became known in 1583 ; and in
1594 Drayton's Ideas Mirrour, or love stanzas, of fourteen
lines each; and in the early part of the reign of King
James, 1604, the " Mirrour of his Maiesties present Gouern-
ment tending to the Vnion of his whole Hand of Brittone."
For .showing the variety of subjects in French works
that glorify themselves in the word Miroir, it will be suffi
cient to specify two or three :-. —
"Guguin's Mirouer historial de France," a folio of 185 leaves, printed in
15 16. It is from the author's Latin chronicles of an earlier date, 1499, and
contains the deeds and actions of kings of France.
"Mirrouer des femmes vertueuses," a Lyon, 1546; a very rare volume,
containing the Patience of Griselda, and the History of the Maid of Orleans.
"Le Miroir des escoliers et de la jeunesse. " 8vo. 1602.
Glass and Looking-glass also furnish their full quota of.
titles. In 1590 there was a Looking-glass for England, /and
in 1 599 another for Ireland. A Glasse for Gamesters was
printed in 1581 ; and in 1589 a Spectacle for Perjurers,
adorned in the title-page with the circles of a pair of spec
tacles. The French, too, at a much earlier day, had their
O

162 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Lunettes to give point to a title ; for " Les lunettes des
princes',' by Jehan Meschinot, dates from Nantes, in small
4to, 1493, and through above twenty editions retained its
popularity to 1539. The word reappeared at Orleans in
1,576, when "Lunettes de christal de roche" were recom
mended to all the princes, lords, gentlemen, and other
good Frenchmen, to enable them to see clearly the way
by which it was sought to bring France under the same
tyranny as Turkey.
A work far more truly a Mirror of Majesty than the
trifling volume which expressly bears the name, is Henry
Holland's BOOKE OF KINGS, also printed A.D. 1618 : it is a
folio with thirty-two noble plates, chiefly the workmanship
of Reginald Elstracke, an English engraver, and of Simon,
the brother of Crispin de Passe the younger. This
Simon de Passe resided in England about ten years, from
1613, and then engaged in the service of the King of
Denmark. The title of the Book of Kings and the portrait
of William the Conqueror* were engraved by Elstracke,
and the fine portraits of Elizabeth, James, and Anna, by
Simon 'de Passe, to whom- also are to be attributed
several other portraits of eminent men of their day. , This
BAZJAIiiAOriA is well described by its title.
" A Booke of Kings, beeing the true and liuely Effigies of all our English
Kings from the Conquest vntill this present : With their seuerall Coats of
Arms,' Impreses, and Devises. And a briefe Chronologie of their Liues and
Deaths elegantly grauen in copper. (London) Printed for H. Holland and
are to be sold by Compton Holland over against the Exchange. 1618."
Small fo.io.
Of the thirty-two portraits in the Book of Kings, there
are only three of the personages named in the Mirrovr of
Maiestie: they are "James, King of Great Britaine," Anna
his queen, and " Charles, Prince of great Britaine and
Ireland." f But with the Basiliwlogia proper are some
times found additional portraits ; as, Edward Somerset,
* See Bryan's Dictionary of Engravers and Painters, 1849, P- 229-
t See Miriovr of Maiestie, pp. 1, 4, and 6.

BOOKS OF PORTRAITS. 163
Earl of Wprcester, "the Lord Privy Seale,".and Henry
Wriothesley, "Earle of Southampton."*
A most worthy companion to Holland's Booke of Kings
was his Book of Heroes.
" HerwOLOGIA ANGLICA, hoc est clarissimorvm et doctissimorvm aliqvot
Anglorvm, qvi florvervnt ab Anno Cristi M.D. vsq. ad presentem Annvm
m.d. cxx. viuse Effigies, .Vitse et Elogia, duobus Tomis. Authore H. H.
Anglo Britanno. Impensis Crispini Passari Calcographus et Jansonij Biblio-
polae Arnhemiensis. ' Folio.
The work contains sixty-five portraits attributed to
Crispin de Passe the elder, his son William de Passe,
and others. A few of the originals were by Hans Holbein,
and one or two by Rubens. Of persons commemorated
in the Mirrovr of Maiestie, there are three portraits in
the Booke of Heroes ; of William Herbert, Earl of Pem
broke, " the Lord Chamberline " ; Robert Devereux, " the
Earle of Essex," and James Montagu, "the Bishop of
Winchester." f
, Several works of later times supply- authentic portraits
and. memoirs of the " Noble Personages rancked in the
Catalogue " of our fac-simile Reprint. We select the
following, to which our readers are referred : —
Clarendon's History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England; 8vo, 3 vols.
in 6, with Portraits forming a 7th part. Oxford. Printed at. the Theater,
An. Dom. mdccvii.
Birch's Heads of Illustrious Persons of Great Britain, engraven by Mr.
Houbraken and Mr. Vertue, with their Lives and Characters. Large folio,
2 vols. London, mdccxliii.
Thane's, (or Daniel's) British Autobiography. A Collection of Fac-similes.
of Hand-writing of royal and illustrious Personages, with their authentic
Portraits, fto. London, 1788 and 1839.
Granger's' Biographical History of England, Portraits Illustrative of. 4to.
London, 1799.
Lodge's Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain, engraved from
authentic Pictures in the Galleries of the Nobility and the Public Collections
of the Country, with biographical and historical Memoirs of their Lives and
Actions. Folio, 4 vols. 240 plates. London, 1821 — 1834. *•

* See Mirrovr of Maiestie, pp. 14 and 26. -f- Id., pp. 22, 30, and 42.

1 64- WORKS' WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Fpr identifying several of the ministers of State and
other illustrious men named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie,
we have found an heraldic work very serviceable, which
was printed four years later, in 1622. It is a small folio
of 392 pages, and was dedicated "To THE HIGH AND
Mighty Prince James, King of Great Britaine, France
and Ireland, &c." Of English kings are emblazoned
twenty coats pf arms, and of the nobles about 655.
There are also notices of the various persons whose
insignia are represented. The, title alone may serve to
set forth what an intimate reference the book bears to the
Mirrovr of King James's Maiestie.
" A Catalogue and succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marquesses,
Earles, and Viscounts of this Realme of England since the Norman Conquest
to this present yeere 1622. Together with their Armes, Wiues and Children,
the times of their Deaths and Burials, with many of their memorable Actions.
Collected by Ralph Brooke, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, and by him enlarged,
with amendment of diuers faults, committed by the Printei; in the time of the
Authors sicknesse. Quamquisq; norit arlem, in hac se exerceat. " *
A volume very similar in nature to the last, and serving
the same purpose, though rather later in time, has the
following title set within a monumental border.
" The Vnion of Honovr containing the anrifes, Matches and Issues of the
Kings, Dukes, Marquesses and Earles of England from the Conquest untill
this present yeare 1641. With the Armes of the English Viscounts and
Barons now being; and of the Gentry of Lincolnister. Whereunto is annexed
A briefe of all the Battels which have beene fought and maintained by the
English since the Conquest, till the yeare 1602. Collected out of the most
approued Authours former or modeme. By James Yorke, Black-Smith.
" London, Printed by Edward Griffin for William Lecke, and are to be
sold at his Shop in Chancery-lane neare unto the Rolls. 1640." Folio.
For comparison with the Royal Arms of James and of
his queen, as presented in the Mirrovr, pp. i and 4, we have
* Prefixed to the copy made use of (belonging to Lee P. Townshend, Esq.,
of Wincham Hall, Cheshire), is an exquisite '¦'Portraiture of the illustrious
Princesse Frances Duchess of Richmond and Lenox ; " Anno 1623, insculptum
a Guilh. Passao Londinium. The noble lady was daughter of Thomas Lord
Howard of Bindon, and wife of Ludowick Stuart, Duke of Lennox. See
Mirrovr of Maiestie, p. 18, Emb. 10.

ORNAMENTAL HERALDRY. 165
consulted the magnificent folio which bears on the reverse
of the title-page the treble mottoes, " Gangforzvord," " I
am ready," and " Fax mentis HONESTY GLORIA "—
" Glory is the torch of the honourable mind Z' where the
lines may be applied, first written concerning the lilies,
" beautious flowres," on the shield of Ludowick Stuart,* —
"These golden Buckles bordring them about,
A Palizado, to keepe Foulenesse out." 1
"Examples of the Ornamental Heraldry of the Sixteenh Centvry.
London mdccclxvii." Parts I. and II.
The Royal Arms of Scotland, Edinburgh, circa 1542,
Jacobvs being Rex, are presented in Part II. p. 8; and
Edinburgh, 1566, Maria Regina, p. 22; the Royal Arms
of Denmark and Ducal Arms of Holstein, Hamburgh,
1590, p. 28; and the Royal Arms of Scotland, impaled
with those of Denmark, Edinburgh, 1593; the motto, In
my defenc, God me defend, p. 31.
In the same work there are also two other plates of
considerable interest: the one, in Part I. p. 55, bearing on
the claim of James to the English throne, 1587; and the
other, dated 1597, in Part II. p. 82, presenting well-executed
portraits of JACOBVS SEXTVS, of his son HENRICVS, and
of Anna REGINA. The side ornamentation, moreover,
contains portraits of the sovereigns of Scotland, — lACOBVS
PRIMVS,, lACOBVS SECVNDVS, lACOBVS TERTIVS, lACOBVS
QVARTVS, lACOBVS QVINTVS, and MARIA REGINA.
. 1. Within a border of the Royal Arms of England,
France, Scotland, and' their dependencies, is the title in
French of a book first published in Latin in 1578 ; —
"Dv Droict et Tiltre de la Serenissime Princesse Marie Royne
d'Escosse, et de tres illustre princ laques VI. Roy d'Escosse son fils, a
la succession du Royaume d' Angleterre. Auec Id genealogie des Roys
d' A'ngletei-re ayans regni depuis cinq eens ans. Premierement compose en
Latin & Anglois, par R. P. en Dieu M. lean de Lesselie Euesque de
Rosse, Escossois, lors qu'il estoit Ambassadeur en Angleterre pour sa Majeste,
& nouelletoent mis en- Francois par le mesme Autheur. " *
A Roven De l'lmprimerie de George l'Oyselet., (1587.)

* See Mirrovr of Maiestie, !p. 18.

166 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.^
2. Within a border of portraits of Scottish sovereigns
and of the 'Royal Arms of Scotland, in combination
with those of the city of Edinburgh, is the foUowirig
title :— *
"The Lawes and Actes of Parliament, maid be King Iames the first
and his Svccessovrs, Kings of Scotldd: visied, collected and extracted furth of
the Register. The Contents of this Bvik ar expreemtd in the leafe following.
"Edinbvrgh Printed by Robert Waldegrave, Printer -to the Kings
Majestie. i5MartiiA.D. 1597."
From the several works which have thus, in pages 162
to 166, been briefly noticed, PORTRAITS or MEMOIRS
may be obtained of a large proportion of the persons
named in the Mirrovr of Maiestie. We refer to them in
the order of the Arms and Emblems, adding the names
of the authors where particulars may be found. The
necessary limits of our edition render their reproduction
in these pages impossible : — .
The Kings Maiestie, p. 1, Emb. 2. See Holland, Clarendon, Thane, Granger.
The Queene, p. 4, Emb. 3. Holland, Birch, Granger.
The Prince, p. 6, Emb. 4. Holland, Clarendon, Granger.
The Lord Arch-bishop of Canterburie, George Abbott, p. 8, Emb. 5. Claren
don, Birch, Granger. Lodge.
The Lord Chancellor, F. Bacon, p. 10, Emb. 6. Clarendon, Birch, Thane,
Lodge.
The Lord Treasurer, Thomas Howard, p. 12, Emb. 7. -Thane, Granger,
Lodge.
The Lord Priuie Seals, Edward Somerset, p. 14, Emb. 8. Holland.
The Lord Admirall, Charles Howard, p. 16, Emb. 9. Granger.
The Duke of Lenox, Lodowick Stuart, p. 18, Emb. io. Thane, Granger,
Lodge.
The Marquesse of Buckinghame, George Villiers, p. 20, Emb. ii. Clarendon,
Birch, Thane, Lodge.
The Lord Chamberlaine, William Herbert, p. 22, Emb. 12. Holland, Claren
don, Lodge.
The Earle of Arundell, Thomas Howard, p. 24, Emb. 13. Clarendon, Thane,
Lodge.
The Earle of Southehampton, Henry Wriothesley, p. 26, Emb. 14. Holland,
Granger, Lodge.
The Earle of Hertford, Edward Seymour, p. 28, Emb. 15.
The Earle of Essex, Robert Devereux, p. 30, Emb. 16. Holland, Clarendon,
Thane, Granger, Lodge.
The Earle of Mountgomerie, Philip Herbert, p. 34, Emb. 18. Clarendon,
Granger, Lodge.
The Viscount Wallingford, William Knolles, p., 38, Emb. 20. Granger.

EMBLEMS AND MOTTOES. 167
The Bishop of London, John King, p. 40, Emb. 21. Granger.
The Bishop of Winchester, James Montagu, p. 42, Emb. 22. Holland's
Herowlogia, Granger.
, The Bishop of Ely, Lancelot Andrews, p. 44, Emb. 23. Granger.
The Lord Zouch, Edward la Zouch, p. 46, Emb. 24. Granger.
The Lord Chiefe Iustice of the Kings Bencht Sir Henry Montagu, p. 62,
Emb. 32. Granger
The Thirty-two Emblems in the work have no great
degree of originality, nor of skilfulness in the design, but,
on the whole, if not well executed, are adapted to the noble
personages to whom they are addressed. From the practice
of the age in which the Mirrovr of Maiestie was written,
we must expecffto meet with occasional, if not with gross,
flatteries ; these are evident enough, and but little adorned
by elegance of diction or refinement of thought. The de
vices themselves, however, are generally clearly described,
— and occasionally the character is very justly set forth, as
in the case of Thomas Howard, the Earl of Arundel, whose
symbols are the sun and a fruitful tree, that is standing on
a hill (p. 27).
" Know (honour'd Sir) that th' heate of Princes loue,
Throw'n on those reall Worths, good men approue
Doth, like the radiant Phcebu,s shining here,
Make fruitfull vertue at full height appeare :
T" illustrate this in you, were to confesse
How. much your Goodnesse doth your Greatnesse blesse,
By its own warme reflexe : thus both suruiue,
And both i' th Sunne of Royal fauour thriue
O may 's reuerberating rayes still nourish
Your noble Worths, and make your Verities flourish."
The Mottoes, in alphabetical order, and the subjects of
their DEVICES, we now subjoin :—
Bis interimitvr qvi svis armis perit — Twice is he slain who perishes
with his arms, p. 51, Emb. 29. The assailants of Christ's citadel perish
ing in their own fires.
Candida, solida, et immobile* — Pure, constant, and immovable, p. 23,
Emb. 12. Piety clasping Alethea's pillar.
'Chiaro qvieto profqndo e divino — Clea-, peaceful, deeg, and divine,
p. 47, Emb. 24. Phoebus and the sacred Sisters at the THespian spring.

* The incorrect Latin must sometimes be forgiven.

1 68 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES^
D' ODORE IL MONDO E d' ACVTEZZA il CIELO — The world by sweetness, and
the heaveps by sharpness, p. 33, Emb. 17. . The fir-tree.
Et Deo et Patriae — Both for God and for Country, p. 15, Emb. 8. A sword
and mailed hand on a burning altar.
Et Tenebr/e fact^e svnt — And darkness arose, p. 53, Emb. 27. Black
clouds gathered over an eagle,.
* — * In vtraqve perfectvs — Made perfect for both offices, p. 27, Emb. 14. A
figure half Mars and half Mercury.
Invidia SWM TORQVET AVTHOREM — Envy torments its own author, p." 21,
Emb. 1 1 . The envious hand drawing to itself fires from the sun.
Iovis, Apollinis ET Minerva — Jove's, Apollo's, and Minerva's temple,
p. 51, Emb. 26. Statues of Jupiter, Apollo, and Minerva.
Meritvm sibi mvnvs — A service that is a reward to itself, p. 61, Emb. 31.
Bounty conferring favours on the needy.
Morir piv tosto che mancar di fede — Rather die at once than fail of
fidelity, p. 9, Emb. 5. The Holy Spirit in the heart amidst afflictions.
• Mvsica DII PLACANTVR, Mvsica Manes— By music the gods are appeased,
by music the manes, p. 35, Emb. 18. Music encircled by ears.
Non manca al fin se ben tarda a venire — Divine power fails not in
the end, though slow to come, p. 19, Emb. 10. The hand of power, the
lion and the wolf.
Nvllvm bonvm INREMVNERATVM — No good deed unrewarded, p. 3,
Emb. 2. The lion, crowned by Mercury's wand, dispensing justicte and
plenty.
Ordine tempo NVMERO e misuro— -Order, time, number, and measure,
p. 37, Emb. 19. Science seated in her chair of state.
Pace a gli eletti e gverra a gli empi erei — Peace to the chosen, and
war to the impious and wicked, p. 49, Emb. 25. A winged lion holding
a sword.
Pace, fermezza e frvtto all' ai.me' apporto — Peace, stability, and
fruit I bring to the soul, p. 25, Emb. 13. The sun shining on a fruit-
bearing tree.
Post nvbila Phebus — After clouds the sun, p. 7, Emb. 4. An eagle
bearing Prince Henry's coronet and the erown, the sun shining.
Qvel che dkitto da il ciel torcer non pvosse— Whatever is straight
from heaven cannot be twisted, p. 17, Emb. 9. A globe upheld by the
hand of Providence, and men attempting with ropes to pull the globe
aside.
Qvi cvrat vigilans dormit — Whoever has charge sleeps watching, p. 13,
Emb. 7. A statesman with a key keeping watch.
Qvis contra nos ? — Who against us? p. 31, Emb. 16. Jove's arm launching
thunderbolts.
Rex et Sacerdos Dm— King and Priest of God, p. 2, Emb. 1. Crown and
mitre on a table.
Sero Ivpiter diphtheram inspexit — Late hath Jupiter Heheld the shepherd's
cloak, p. 43, Emb. 22. The ship of the Roman faith in storms.
Sic vbiqve — So everywhere, p. 63, Emb. 32. Diana with arrow and bow.
Sott hvmano sembiante empio veneno— Under human guise impious
poison, p. 39, Emb. 20. The sycophant "playing with a cur at his
feet.
Svb vmbra alarvm tvarvm — Under the shadow of thy wings, p. 11,
Emb. 6. The sheep pursued by a wolf, seeking an eagle's wings.

PEA CHA M S MINER VA. 1 69
'Tempvs coronat indvstrtam—7m«<** crmans industry, p. «', Emb 28
Time presenting a wreath to a traveller.
Vnica eterna al mondo— The only eternal bird in the world, p c Emb •*!
Y A Pheenix on the funereal fire, V ' '
Vnvm cor, vnvs Devs, vna religio— One heart, one God, one religion,
p. 29, Emb. 15. The hands of Providence clasping a bleeding heart
within a wreath, of laurel, olive, and palm.
Vnvm et altervm divinvm— One and the other, i. e. both divine p 4*;
Emb. 23. A bud, half rose, half pomegranate.
Virtvs vnita fortiori tffefea? virtue the stronger, p. cq, Emb io A
figure half scholar, half knight. J
Without motto, p. 41, Emb. 21. The triple crown surmounting a shield,
within which is displayed Falsehood seated on a seven-headed monster
and presenting her cup of witchery.
A curious, though not very rare volume, Peacham's
Minerva Britanna, 4to, 1612, described at pp. 85-87,
may be looked upon as the herald of , the Mirrovr of
Maiestie. Published in, the same reign, it devotes several
of its Emblems, Mottoes, and Devices to noble personages
who flourished under James I. Some Emblems assumed
by the king, or by his ancestors, we have noted at
pp. 67, 68 ; and others, suitable to our work, and having
a natural connexion with it, we now select'; their Photo^
lith reproductions, and some of Italian and Dutch origin,
constitute the Illustrative Plates of our volume, and
whether ornamental or not, are undoubtedly appropriate.
I. — From the Minerva Britanna, 1612. See Plate I.
Plate I. The Title-page of Peacham's Emblems.
Plate II. p. 1. Nisi desuper — Unless from above. To my dread Soveraigne
lames, King of Great Britaine, &c.
Plate III. p. 11. Sic pacem habemus — So have we peace. To the High and
mightie James, King of greate Britaine.
Plate IV. p. 31. Protegere Regium, — To defend Royalty. James, King of
' great Britaine.
Plate V. p, 45. Hibernica Respub. ad lacobum Regem — The Irish Republic
to King James.
Plate VI. p. 145. Ex vtroque Immortalitas — Immortality from each. Ad
pijssimum lacobum magnse Britannia*: Regem.
Plate Vii. p. 13. In Anna regnantium arbor — Of those reigning in Anna
the tree. To the Thrice-vertuovs and fairest of Qveenes, Anne Qveene
of Great Britaine.
Plate VIII. p. 18. E corpore pulchro Gratior — More beloved from a fair
form. To the Right Noble and most towardly Yovng Prince, Charles
Dvke of Yorke. P '

i;o WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Plate IX. p. 34. Ex malis moribus bona leges — Good laws arise from evil
manners. To the most iudicious and learned Sir Francis Bacon,
Knight.
Plate X. p. 20. His servire — To serve for. these. To the Right Honourable
and my singular good Lord Henry Howard, Earle of Northampton,
Lord Privie Seale, &c*
Plate XI. p. 102. Distantia iungo — Distant things I unite. To the thrice
Noble, and excellent Prince, Ludowick Duke of Lennox.
Plate XII. p. 21. Gloria Principum— The glory of Princes. To the right
truely Noble, and most Honourable Lord, WILLIAM, Earle of Pembrooke.
Plate XIII. p. 23. His ornari aut mori — By these to be adorned or to die.
To- the right Honourable, and most Noble Lord, Henry, Earle of South
ampton.
Plate XIV. p. 9. Psalmi Davidici — Psalms of David. To the Right Reverend
Father in God, Iohn, Bishop of London.
Plate XV. p. 28. His altiora — Things loftier than these. To the honourable
the Lord Wootton.

II. — From Choice Symbols of Heroes, 1619.
Selectorum Symbolrvm Heroicorvm, &c. See Plate XVI.
A small 8vo Yol. 1.55 d. by .95 ; or 6.1 Eng. in. by 3. 14; device plates
about .55 d. square. There are I — 406 pages numbered, initial 16 and final
26 unnumbered : total, 448 pages.
Contents, pp. (2 — 13) Dedication, " Illustribvs ac Magnificis Dominis
Burgo-grauiis et Bafonibus," &c. ; (14, 15) Laudatory verses by Gothardvs
Arthvsivs and Ivlivs Gvil. Zincgreffivs ; pp. 1 -406, " Electorvm Symbolorvm
Heroicorvm Centuria Gemma." At the end, p. 26, "Index Herovm," and
" Elenchvs Rervm et Verborvm."
The 200 Emblems have each a Latin motto, a well-executed device in a
circle, and Latin notes. They are dedicated to various emperors, kings, &c,
whom the author supposes to be heroes. The work is of considerable interest,
and truly a Mirror of Majesty.
From their relation to our own Reprint, we present a
few of the subjects : — .
Plate XVI. Title-page. Francofvrti, 1619.
Plate XVII. p. 191. Henricvs VIII Anglise, Francije et Hybernise Rex.
Secvritas altera — A second safeguard.
Plate XVIII. \p. 193. Idem. Rvtilans. Rosa sine spina^77/£ red rose
without a thorn.
Plate XIX. p. 195. Iacobvs Anglise, Gallise, Scotia*: et Hybernise Rex.
Pro me si mereor in me — For me if I deserve against me.
Plate XX. p. 197. Idem. Nemo me impune lacessit — No one unpunished
provokes me.

* Not in the Mirrovr of Maiestie.

SYMEONI'S, IMPRESE. 171.
Plate XXI. p. 199. Iacobvs I Stvartvs Rex Scotia*:. Pro lege et pro
grege—^Fot .law and for people.
Plate XXII. p. 201. Robertvs Stvartvs Rex Scotia;. Vanitas vani-
TATVM et omnia vanitas — Vanity of vanities, and all things vanity.
Plate XXIII. p. 207. Fridericvs Danije, NorvegiEe, Seland. Gothor. Rex.
Fedelta e cosa rAra — Fidelity is a rare thing'.
Plate XXIV. p. 209. Christiernvs secvndvs Danise, Norvegia*:, Selandise,
Goth. Rex. Dimicandvm — We must fight.

III. — From the Sententious Emblems of Symeoni,
1560.
A very numerous class of illustrations might be obtained
from works in which the Emblems and some heraldic
badge, or coat of arms, are blended together. Two or
three examples will indicate the nature of such works ;
they are ffom the Italian of Gabriel Symeoni, 1 509-1 570,
a Florentine and an historian; and of Battista Pittoni, a
painter and engraver, born at Vic'enza, in 1508, and still
living in 1585. Their volumes are very superidr to the
Mirrovr of Maiestie, but constructed on the same plan
of commemorating men of rank and of historic eminence.
Le Sententiose Imprese, &c. See Plate XXV.
4to Vol. 2.16 d: by 1.6; or 8. 5- Eng. in. by 6.29; full pages 1.45 d. by
1.25 ; devices .81 d. by 2.04.
Reg. a4-+4b — q4 r3 = 7l leaves, or 142 pages; unnumbered init. 8, num
bered 1— ;I34 ; total, 142 pajjes.
Contents (p. 1), Title (2 — 7), "Al potentissimo et magnanimds. Eman
uel Filiberto, Dyca di Savoie, di Ciablaye & di Agosta, Principe di Piamonte,
Conte di Brassi, di Nozza & d'Asti, Signor di Vercelli, &c. Gabriel Symeoni
felicita cantinoua & Salute." " In Lione el di xi d' Octobre m.d.lx. EvSoxia
Magnum magna decent. " On 4 pp. " Tavola-- della Imprese dell' autore. " On
X p. "Nuova Impressa del l'Avtore." On 4 pp. " Avtori allegati nel Dialog.,"
&c. ; pp. 9 — 124, "Tetrastichi morali." '
The Emblems, including the "nvova Impressa," are 1 27,
each with a dedication, a device, motto, and Italian stanza
of four lines. The 127 devices are beautifully executed,
and consist of an oval design and scroll within a richly-
ornamented border. The Photoliths selected are —
Plate XXV. Title-page of ' ' Le Sententiose Imprese. "
Plate XXVI. p'. 9. Imprese, per 1 Dvca et Dvchessa di Savoia.

172 WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.
Plate XXVII. p. 19. Del Re et Reina di Navarra.
Plate XXVIII. p. 45. Impresse del Vescovo Giovio, &c. Di Carlo V.
Imperatore.
Plate XXIX. p. 56. De Papa Lione X.
Plate XXX. p. 127. Del l'Alciato.

IV— From Pittoni's EMBLEMS OF PRINCES, &c,
1566-1568.
Imprese de Diversi Principe, Dvchi, Signori, &c.
See Plate XXXI.
Large 4to Vol. 2.75 decim. by 2.03 ; or 10.82 Eng. inches by 7.99. Device
plates 2 d. by 1.62. No register nor signatures.
Contents, Pt. I. m.d.lxvi. On 3 pp. a Dedication, "All' illvstre Signore
il Conte Hippolito Porto, Condottiere di Gente d' arme della excellentissima
Rep. Venetiana." " Battista Pittoni. " On 50 leaves as many plates.
Pt. II. m.d.lxviii. On 1 p. " Al molto Magnifico et excellente S.mio
Oss. il S. Cavaliero Giulio Capri." " Di Venetia il x di Giugno mdlxviii."
" Battista Pittoni." On 48 leaves as many plates.
The Impresas or Emblems are 98, each with Device
and Motto, Dedication and a Stanza by Lodovico Dolce,
well known for his Dialogd della Pittura, 8vo, Venezia,
1557.; and for his Vita di Carlo V., 4to, in Vinegia, 1567*
Like the Mirrovr of Maiestie, Pittoni's Emblems have no
other text nor explanation. Splendid borders surround
the Emblems, which have the mottoes in their centres.
There is also a border around each dedication and its
stanza. The following Plates have been selected : —
Plate XXXI. The Title-page of Pittoni's Emblems.
Plate XXXII. p. 3. De 1' Imperador Ferdinando I.
Plate XXXIII. p. 29. Del Capitan Girolamo Mather Romano.
Plate XXXIV. p. 43. Della Reina di Francia.
Plate XXXV. p. 43. Del S. Titiano Pittore.
Plate XXXVI. Del S. Girolomo Ruscelli.

* The fine title-page of this work is one of the numerous ornaments of " The
Chief Victories of the Emperor Charles the Fifth." By Sir William
Stirling-Maxwell, Bart. Large folio. London and Edinburgh, 1870.

MIRROR OF HEROES. 173

V. — From Hillaire's Mirror of Heroes. MDCXIH.
Specvlvm HEROICVM, Principis omnium temporum
Poetarum, Homeri, &c. See Plate XXXVII. '
4to Vol. 2.92 decim. by 1.57 ; or 7.95 Eng.- in. by 6. 18 ; full pages 1.65 d.
by '1. 58 ; device plates .83 d. by 1.25.
Reg. *4 B— G4=28 leaves, unnumbered.
Contents, *i Title, with Effigies of Homer. *iv, Latin, Greek, and
French Stanzas on Homer's Effigies, by Marvllvs, Henricvs Stephanvs, and
I. Ant. de Baif. *2 — 4 " Avsonii Bvrdegalensis Viri Con. et Poetse elegan.
ingenii Periochse (xxiiii) in Iliadem. " : *qv. Portrait and Latin stanza,
" Nobilis Vir Isacq. Hilariq. Dms in Riviere A° 1613." Sig. Bl — G4. The
24 plates for the 24 chief events in the 24 books of Homer's Iliad, with a
Latin- stanza of four lines to each plate. And also with Latin and French
descriptive verses below each engraving.
The Plates, finely designed and executed, are by Crispin
de Passe, and are in marked contrast with the imperfect
type and negligent printing of the letter-press. It is a col
lection of engravings much sought for, but good copies, like
the present, are rare.
The illustrative Photoliths from this work are —
Plate XXXVII. The title of the Speculvm Heroicvm.
Plate XXXVIII. Lib. iii. Combat between Paris and Menelaus.
Plate XXXIX. Lib. yi. The conversation of Hector and Andromache.
Plate XL. Lib. xxiv. Achilles, warned by Jove, surrenders the body of
Hector.
These works, similar in title and in subject to' the
Mirrovr of Maiestie, would well reward a fuller research
and a closer examination. Some of them are peculiarly rich
in artistic ornamentation, and manifest how high a place
was assigned to the adorning of books intended as well to
amuse as to instruct, and to the holding forth of worth and
dignity to the admiration of mankind'. The purpose was at
times much over-wrought, and the characters selected were
not always * suitable for presentation before a Mirrour of
untarnished honour ; yet no age of the world will betoken
true progress if there shall be no worship of heroes, nor
regard for those who are mighty in mental and moral
power.

174

WORKS WITH SIMILAR TITLES.

Thus we conclude the fac-simile Reprint of the Mirrovr
OF Maiestie, a production of little merit in. itself, but,
from its extreme rarity, deserving a place on the shelves
of book-collectors. It has, too, some historical interest,
from representing one of the tastes and pursuits of the age
in which it appeared.
H. G.

( i7S )

GENERAL INDEX,

ABBOT, George, Archbishop of Can
terbury, Arms and Emb. named, 9,
91; Annotations on, 1 1 1 ; portraits,
where; 166.
Achilles surrenders the body of Hector,
178; Emb.", PI. xl.
Admiral, the Lord, see Nottingham, Earl
of.
^Eschylus describes heraldic insignia, 98.
Aikin's Mem. of Court of James I., 91.
Alciat's Emblems — Eng. version, 1551,
75 ; several in Whitney, 80 ; Yates
MS. of, 88.
Alciato, 172; Emb., PI. xxx.
Ames's Antiquities of Printing, 75.
Andrews, Lancelot, Bishop of Ely, Arms
and Emb., 44; Annotations . on, 140 ;
named, 91 ; portraits, where, 166,
Anjou, Geoffrey of, his badge Plantage-
nista, 100.
Aline of Denmark, queen of James I.,
Arms and Emb., 4 ; Annotations on,
106 — 109 ; portraits, where, 161 ; Em
blem of, PI., vii.
Annotations on - the Armorial Bearings
and Noble Personages, 97 — 159.
Armorial distinctions, the earliest, a
wolf and a dog, by Anubis and Macedo,
99- r
Arms, assumed, 103 ; the bearing of,
allowed by law, Hen. V., 104; the
best test of "gentle blood," 104.
Arms of personages in the Mirrovr, I — 64.
Arms, royal, of Scotland, 165 ; Denmark,
165; ducal, of Holstein, 165.
Arthur, son of Henry VII., assumed the
feather badge, 101.
Arundel, Earl of, Thomas Howard, Arms
and Emb., 24; Annotations on, 125;
his fame as a collector of art, 91.

BACON, Sir Francis, the Lord Chan
ceUor, Arms and Emb., 10; named,
91; Annotations on, 113; portrait,
where, 166 ; Emb., PI. ix.
Badges, or personal cognizances, — M.
Valerius, 99 ; Clifford) Warwick,
Richard II., &c, 100 — 102.
Barclay's Shyp of Folys of the World, 1509,
account of, 73-4.
Barkham, Dr., Display of Heraldry, 1601,
attributed to him, 85. ¦
Barrington's Lectures on Heraldry, 100.
Bellay, Les Oeuvres du, 76, 79 ; transla
tions from, by Spenser, 79.
Bible, True and Lyvely Portr.eatures of,
,1553. 75-
Birch's Heads of Illustrious Personages,
1743," 163-
Bidpay, or Pilpay, fables, 78.
Black Prince, and badge of ostrich fea
thers, doubtful if from Crescy, on his
tomb at Canterbury, 101.
Boleyn, Queen Anne, her device, 68.
Book-collector, foolish, description of, 73.
Boutell's Heraldry, Historical and Popu
lar, 100.
Brandt's Narren Schyff, 1494, 73.
Brooke's Cat. and Succ. of the Kings,
&*c. of England, 1622, 164.
Buckingham, Marquess of, George Vil
liers, Arms and Emb., 20 ; Annotations
on, 122 ; portraits of, where, 166.
Burke's En'cyclopcedia if Heraldry, 100.
Bylling's Five Wounds of Christ, 1400,
7°- «
Bynneman's Translation of Vander Noot's
Theatre, 1569— Spenser's epigrams, 79.
CANTERBURY, Archbishop of, see
Abbot.

176

GENERAL INDEX.

Carew, the Lord, George Carew, Arms
and Emb., 58 ; Annotations on, 150.
Catalogue of persoriages unto whom the
Mirrovr is appropriated, sign. A2.
Chamberlain, the Lord, see Pembroke.
Chancellor, the Lord, see Bacon.
Charles V., Emperor, Twelve Victories of,
1T2.; Emb., PI. xxviii.
Charles, Duke of York, Prince of Wales,
Emb. and Arms, 6 ; Annotations on,
109; portraits, where, 166; Emb.,
PI. v;ii.
Chaucer, Cantei'bury Tales, Romauntoftfie
Rose, Emb.,* 65 '; Well of Love, 66.
Chief Justices, the three lords, Arms and
Emb., 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 154 —
158; see Hobart, Montagu, and Tan-,
field.
Christiernus II., king of Denmark, 1 71 ;
Emb., PI. xxiv.
Clarendon's Hist, of Eng., 1707, 163.
Coat-armour, or coats of arms, 103.
Cognizances of various nations, 98 ; kings,
100; and nobles, 101-2.
Coke's test of " gentle blood," 104.
Collier's Bibliog. and Crit. Cat. of early
Eng. Lit. — on Wyrley, 80; on Willet,
82; on Peacham, , 87.
Colours, Emblems for Faith, Hope,
Charity, 77, 78.
Combe's Theater of fine Devises, 1 592,
81 ; his translation from Perriere, 80.
Complaint of Duke of Buckingham, 160.
Corser, Rev. T. , of Stand, his copy of
Mirrovr of Maiestie, 89 ; once belonged
to Lodge, sold for ,£36, 93, p. vi.
Cromwell, Lord, his Impresas, . 86.
Crosse, his Covert WIS., about 1600, 84.
Crusades, their effect on heraldry, 103.
Crusaders, their cognizances, 103.
DANIELL'S Worthy Tract of Pau
lus louius, 1585, 77.
Darcie, the Lord, his Arms and Emb.,
52; Annotations on, 148.
Denmark, kings of, Emblems, 69 ; arms
of, 165.
De Strada.' s^Symbola Div. et Hum., 1601,
67.
Diodoru*^ his notice of military ensigns,
98.
Domenichi's Ragionamento, 1556, 77.

Doni's Mondi, &c, 1552-3, 78.
Dorset, Earlof, Richard Sackville, Anns
and Emb., 32 ; notice of, 91.
Dorset, Earl of, Thomas Sackville, —
Misery, Sleep, and Old Age, 67 ; extra
ordinary man of genius, 91; Annotations
on, 132.
Drawing and Limning, 1612, Peacham's,
87.
Drayton's Legends y 1596, 95 ; dedicar
tion of his Odes, 1 619, to Sir Henry
Goodere, 95-6.
Dugdale's Monasticon Aug., testimony to
Lydgate, 72.
Dunbar's Dance of the Seven Deadly Sins —
Pride, 66.
Dyalogus Creaturarum, 1480, 74-
EDWARD I., II., and III., Edward
the Black Prince, Edward VI.,
their Emblems, 68, 86, 87.
Edward IV., a faulcon in fetterlock, 100;,
the sun in splendour, 101.
Elizabeth's badges and mottoes, 68.
Ely, Bishop of, see Andrews.
Emblem-books, English, previous to A. I).
1618, 65—96. ,
Emblems in early English poets, 65, 66.
Emblems, thirty-two in the Mirrovr of
Maiestie, 167; Mottoes and Devices, 167
— 169.
England's Eliza, 160..
English Sovereigns and their Emblems,
67-8.
English Nobles and Gentry, and their
Emblems, 69.
English Versions of Emblem books —
Brandt's, 1509, 73'; Dial, of Creatures,
74 ; Portreatures of the woll Bible,
1553; Images of the Old Testament,
1549 ; Storys and Prophesis, 1535 ; of
Alciat, 155 1 ; Tryumphes of Petrarcke,
1560, 75; Visions, by Spenser, 76;
Worthy Tract of Paulus louius, 77 ;
North's Motall Philosophic of Dojii,
1 5 70; Paradin's Heroicall Devises,
1591, 7-^ \ Bynneman's Theatre, 1569,
79 ; Emblemes of Love,. 85 ; Alciat,
about 1600, MS., 88.
Essex, Earl of, Robert Devereux, Arms
and Emb., 30; Annotations on, 131 ;
Emblems noted, 86 ; among ' ' Illustrious

GENERAL INDEX.

177

and Herpyicall Princes," 91 ; portrait,
where, 166.
Exercise, the Gentleman's, 1612, 87.
F\A.ERNO, Gabriel, quoted in Whit
ney, 80.
Feather badge, account of, 101. ,
Ferdinando I., Emperor, 172-; Emb.,
PI. xxxii.
Fewterer's Myrrour of Christ's Passion,
161.
France, Queen of, 172; Emb., PI.
xxxiv.
Fraunce's Insignium, &c, 1588, 80.
Fredericus,. king of Denmark, 171; Emb. ,
PI. xxiii.'
Fuller's Worthies — praise of Willet, 81. *
G(H.), initials of the author of the
¦Mirrovr, interpreted to be the
ciphers of Sir* Henry Goodere, 93, 94,
95 > signature also to the Reprint,, 96.
Gaunt, John of, alluded to, 10b.-
Giovio's Dialogo, .77.
Glasse for Gamesters, 161.
Goodere, Sir Henry, supposed author of
the Mirrovr, 93, 94, 95, 96.
Granger's Biog. Hist. ofEng.jiyg^, 163.
Green's Mirrour for the Ladies of Eng
land, 161 ; Penelope's VVeb, 161.
Green's reprint of Whitney, 80.
Guguin's Mirauer historial de France,
1516, 161.
¦ Guillim's Display of Heraldry,. 1610, 85.
HASLEWOOD'S Dial, of Creatures
moralysed, 1816, 74-
Haye, the Lord James, Arms and Emb.,
60 ; Annotations on, 152.
Hazlitt's, W. C. , Handbook of Early Eiig.
Lit. — on Bynneman, 79 ; on Combe,
81 ; on Peacham, 85 ; on Mirrovr of
Maiestie, 89 ; on -its authorship, 93.
Hector and Andromache, conversation,
.173 ; Emb., PI. xxxix.
Henry I., IL, IV., V., VII., and VIIL,
of England, their Emblems, 67, 68, '
86.
Henry VIIL, Emb., 170; PI. xvii. and
xViii.
Herald and emblematist in close alli
ance, 78.

Heraldic blazonry systematized, 102 ; of
use in the Crusades, 103.
Heraldic symbolism in' extensive use, 97,*
98 ; of ancient adoption, 98.
Heraldry uses the same as Emblems, 97;
an organized system, as in badges, 99.
Hertford, Earl "of, Edward Seymour,
Arms and Emb. , 28 ; Annotations on,
129.
Hie, hac, hoc taceatis, saying of Edmund
of Langley, 101.
Hillaire's Speculum Heroicum Homeri,
&*c, 1613, 173; Emb. PI. Title,
xxxvii. ; other Plates, xxxviii. — xl.
Hobart, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice
of Common Pleas, Arms and Emb.,
62 ; Annotations on, 155.
Holland's Booke of Kings, 1618,162;
list of portraits named, 162.
Holland's Book of Heroes, 1620, 163.
Horiour in> its Perfection, 1624, 91.
Howard, Thomas, see Earl of Suffolk.
Huth's, Mr., copy df Mirrovr of "Maiestie,
S9 ; Poetical Miscellanies, 93.
I MPRESAS .of Englishmen, 86; Sy--
nieoni's Sententiose Imprese, l1]!;
Pittoni's Imprese di diversi Principi,
&c., 172.
Induction, the, by Thomas Sackville, 160.
JAMES I., of England, taste for Em
blems, 70 ; Arms and Emb., I, 2, 3 ;
Annotations on, 105 ; Arms' and
Mottoes, 164, 169, 170; portraits,
where, 162, 166 ; Emblems of; PI. ii.
• — vi., xiv., xx.
James III., of Scotland, and IV. and V.,
F.mbs. , 70; portraits mentioned; 165.
James I., cf Scotland, portrait, 165 ;
Emb., 171, PI. xxi.
Jesus the Well of grace, 70, 71.
Junius, Hadrian, Emblems in Whitney,
80.
KEIR (Scotland), most extensive
Emblem- book library there, 75.
Kent, Joan of, Emb. a white hart, 100.
King, the, see James I. , of England.
King, John, see Bishop of London.
Knights, names and arms of, 1485 —
1624, 69. Q ' '

i78

GENERAL INDEX.

T ANCASTER, John of, 87.
Langley, Edmund, impress, a falcon in a
fetterlock, 100.
Leeu, Gerard, of Gouda, 74.
Leigh's Accidens of Armory, 1562, 79.
Leigh, Sir Henry, his Emblems, 86:
Lennox, Duke of, Lodowick Stuart,
Arms and Emb., 18*; Annotations on,
l2b; Chamb. and Admiral of Scot
land, 91; portrait, where, 166; Emb.,
170, PI. xi.
Lennox, Duchess of, portrait, where, 164.
Leo X., 172; Emb., PI. xxix.
Le Vasseur's Devises des Empereurs Ro-
mains, 1608, 67.
Lisle, Lord Viscount, Robert Sidney,
Arms and Emb. , 36 ; Annotations on,
136; brother of Sir P. Sidney, 91.
Lodge's Portraits of Illust. Persons of Gt.
Britain — notice of the Mirrovr,')-!, 93 ;
title, 163.
London, Bishop of, John KirigJ 91 ; Arms
and Emb., 41 ; Annotations on, 138 ;
no motto, .89 ; portrait, ' where, 166 ;
Emb., 170, PI. xiv.
looking-glass for England, 161 ; Ireland,
161.
Lorenzo the Magnificent, — his symbol of
Faith, Hope, Charity, 77.
Lunettes des Princes, 1493, 162.
Lydgate's Dance of Macaber, 66; account
of, 71 ; Life and Death of Hector, 71 ;
knowledge of Emblems, — St. Ed
mund's banner, 72.
MACHABRE, Daunceof, 1541, 71;
set up at St. PauUs, Henry VI.—
pulled down in 1549, 71.
Magistrates, Mirror of , Lord Sackville's
description of Misery, &c. ,67.
Mary, Queen, her emblems, 68.
Meres' Wits Commonwealth, names se
veral emblematists, 81.
Miror des- esco Hers, 161.
Mirouer historial de France, 161.
Mir our of Monsters, 160.
' Mirovr for Magistrates, 160.
Mirrhor, mete for all Mothers, &*c, 16,0.
Mirror great variety of works with this
title, 159-161. ,
Mirror of Magistrates, 67.

Mirror, Mariners, 161. ,
Mirror of Martyrs, 160.
Mirrouer des femmes vertueuses, 161.
Mirroure of Gold, 159.
Mirrour, Ideas, 161.
Mirrour for the Ladies, 161.
Mirrour of Madness, 159.
Mirrovr far Man, 159.
Mirrour of his Maiesties present govern
ment, 161.
Mirrovr of Mutabilitie, 160.
Mirrovr of Policie, 1598, 83.
Mirrovr of Princely deeds, 161.
Mirrovr of Maiestie, 1618, Title,
Dedication, and Catalogue of Names,
A1-A4 ; Arms and Emblems, 1-63 ;
rarity of, 89 ; thirty-three coats of
arms, thirty-two emblems, twelve
Knights of the Garter, 89 ; rank of the
persons, 90 ; estimate of the work, 90;
bishops, officers of State, and other
nobles, 91 ; Lodge's account of the
work, 92 ; Corser's copy used for this
reprint, 93 ; authorship, 93 — 96.
Montagu, James, see Bishop of Win
chester.
Montagu, Sir Henry, Lord Chief Justice
of King's Bench, — arms, 62; named,
91; Annotations on, 154; portrait,
where, 167.
Montgomery, Earl of, Philip Herbert,
Arms and Emb., 34; Annotations on,
134 ; Amorvm Emblemata, 1608, de
dicated to, 85 ; portrait, where, 166.
More, Sir Thomas, Emblems by him,
72 ; their subjects, 73 — 86.
Mottoes and Emblems of English Sove
reigns, 67-8, 100 ; of the Mirrovr of
Maiestie, 167-8; .from the Minerva Bri-
tanna, 169 ; from Selectorvm Symbolo-
rum, 170; fromSymeone's/m-^-r.w, 171 ;
from Pittoni's Imprese, 1 72 ; from Hil-
laire's Speculvm Hei-oicvm, 1 73.
Myrroi; Christall, or Penelope's Web, 161.
Myrrour of Christ's Passion, 161.
Myrrour of good Maners, 15 16, 74.
Myrrour of the Worlde, 161.
NAVARRE, King and Queen of,
172; Emb., PI. xxvii.
Neugebaverus, his Select. Symboloi-vm
Heroicvm, 1619, 67 — 69 ; Illustrative

GENERAL INDEX.

179

Plates from, namely PI. xvi. , xvii. , xviii. ,
xix., xx., xxi., xxii., xxiii., and xxiv.
North's Morall Philosophic of Doni, 1570,
78. ' • : •
Northampton,. Earl of, Henry Howard,
170; Emb., PI. a.
Nottingham, Earl of, Charles Howard,
Arms and Emb., — Lord Admiral, 16,
91; Annotations on, 119; Winter
Nights Vision, 160 ; portrait, where,
166.
y\LD TESTAMENT, the Images of,
. V 1549. 7.5-
Ormond, courageous, Lisle and Say, 87.
PARADIN'S Devises heroiques, 1557,
translated into Eng., 1591, 78;. in
Whitney, 80.
Paris and Menelaus, combat . between,
173 ; Emb., PI. xxxviii.
Parkers * Tryumphes of Fraunces Pe-
tr-arcke, 1560, 75.
Peacham's Minerva Britanna, testimony
to Eng. emblems, 69, 70, 86 ; various
works of his, 86 — 88 ; plates illustrative
of the Mirrovr of Maiestie, from Mi
nerva Britanna, list of, 169, 170, PI. i.
Title, and ii. to xv. inclusive.
Pembroke, Earl of, William Herbert,
Lord Chamberlain ; Arms and Emb.,
22, 91; Annotations- on, 124; Amorvm
Emblemata, 1608, dedicated to, 85 ;
¦portrait, where, 166; Emb., ifo,
Plate xii.
Penelope's Web, 161.
Pergaminus, N., author oi. Dyalogus
Creaturarum, 14th cent., 74.
Perriere's Theatre des bons Engins, 1539,
fragment of a transl., 75; WereCombe's
Emblems from this? 81.
Personal heraldic signs or cognizances, 99.
Petrarcha, Gli Triumphi del, 1500, trans
lated into English 1560, 75; Visions,
76.
Phcenix, the, from Petrarch, ¦ 76.
Pilpay, or Bidpay, fables of, 78. '
Pittoni's Imprese di Diversi Principi, &°c. ,
1 72 ; title, PI. xxxi. .
Planta genista, emblem of humility, borne
by Geoffrey of Anjou,. 100 ; whence
PJantagenets, 100.

Portraits named in Ornamental Heraldry,
165.
Portraits of personages in Mirrovr of
Maiestie, where found, 166.
Prince, the, see Charles I.
Privy seal, the, see Worcester, Earl of.
G-UADRIN'S Hist, de la Bible, and
Eng. version, 1553, 75.
Queen, the, see Anne of Denmark..
"D EUSNER, an Emblematist, 81.
Richard ,11.', Emblem and Motto, 68;
. favourite, badge, a white hart, 100.
Robert-Stuart, 171 ; Emb., PI. xxii.
Romano, Captain G. M., 172; Emb.,
PI. xxxiii.
Ruscelli's Discorso, 1556, 77; Impi-ese
illustre, 77 ; Pittoni's Emb. of, 172,
PI. xxxvi.
C* (P.), Heroicall Devises, 1591, 78.
Sackville, Richard and Thomas, s,ee'
Dorset, Earl of.
Sambucus, Emblematist, in Whitney,
80, 81.
Savoy, Duke and Duchess of, 171 ; Emb.,
PI. xxvi.
Say, named, 87. .
Scotland, Kings of — Emblems named,
' 69 ; given in PI. xix. — xxii. ; Arms of,
named, ,165 ;* Arms impaled with those
of Denmark, 165.
Scotland, Lawes and. Actes of Pari, of,
1597, 166.
Sendebar, Parables of, 78.
Seymour, Edward, see Hertford, Earl of.
Shakespeare's allusions to cognizances,
101, 102.
Shield, embellished, 98. ,
Sidney, Sir P., Covntesse of Pembroke's
Arcadia shows knowledge of emblems,
69 ; see also 77, 86, 91.
Southampton, Earl of, Henry Wriothes
ley, Arms and Emb.^26 ; Annotations
on, 128; Shakespeare's friend, 91;
account of, by Lodge, 92 ; portraits,
where, 166; Emb.,' 170, PI. xiii.
Spectacle for Perjurers, 161. 1
Speght's Workes of Chaucer, 1598, 71.

•i8o

GENERAL INDEX.

Spenser's Visions, Calender, &c, '76 —
*79-
Stanhope, the Lord John, Arms and
Emb., 56 ; Annotations on, 149.
Steuarta, Elisabetha, anagram, Has
Artes beata valet, 86.
Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William, Bart., his
Chief Victories of the Emperor Charles
the Fifth, 69, 1 72 ; possesses a relic of
Combe's Emb., 81 ; Ornamental He
raldry, 165. See Keir.
, Storys and Prophesis, 1535, 75-
Stuart, Lodowick, see Lennox, Duke of.
Suffolk, Earl of, Thomas Howard, the
Lord Treasurer, Arms and Emb., 12;
named, 91 ; Annotations on, 115 — 166.
Symeoni's Sententiose Imprese, 1560, 171;
Title, PI. xxy. ; other PI. xxvi. — xxx.
TANFIELD, - Sir Laurence, Lord
Chief Baron of the Exchequer —
Arms, 62, 63 ; Annotations on, 157.
Theatre des bons Engins, see Perriere.
Titian, Painter, 172 ; Emb:, PI. xxxv.
Treasurer, the Lord, see Suffolk, EaH of.
V GENIUS, Otho, his Amorvm Emble-
mata, Lat., It., and Eng. verses,
1608, 85. ¦
Vander Noot's Theatre, &=c, 1568, Eng.
version, 1569, 79.
Villiers, George, see Buckingham.
WALES, Prince of, and feather
badge, 10 1.
Wallingford, the Lord Viscount, William
Knolles, Arms and Emb., 38 ; Anno
tations on, 137 ; portrait, where, 166.

Watson's Shyppe of Fooles, 1509, 73.-
Wentworth, the Lord, Arms and Emb.,
56 ; Annotations on, 144.
Whitney's Emblemes, 1586, 79; the re
print contains Willet's first emblem,
80-82 ;- Crosse's Covert, 84.
Willet's Sacrorvm Emb. Cent, vna, 81 ;
acrostic and quotation, 82.
William I. of England, Emb. and Motto,
67.
Winchester, Bishop of, Montagu, James,
Arms and Emb., 42 ; named; 91 ; An
notations on, 139 ; portrait, where,
-166.
Windsor, the Lord, Arms and Emb. , 48 ;
Annotations on, 143.
Winter-night's Vision, 160.
Worcester. Earl of, Edward Somerset,
Lord Privy Seal, Arms and Emb., 14,
91 ; Arms and Annotations on, 117;
portrait, where, 166.
Wotton, the Lord, Arms and Emb. , 54 ;
Annotations on, 149; Emb., 171, PI.
xv.
Wruthesley, Henry, see Southampton,
Earl of.
Wyatt's Turns of Fortune, 66.
Wyrley's True Vse of Armorie, 1592,
80.
YATES, J. B., onFraunce's Insignia,
80; MS. of Eng. ^Transl. of Alciat,
8S.
Yorke's Vnion of Honovr, 1640, 164.
ZOUCH, the Lord, Arms and Emb.,
46 ; Annotations on, 141.

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