'Y^LH«¥Mir¥JEI^SIIir¥o • iLmaiaaisy -

Deposited by the
Linonian and Brothers Library
1908

§>tairtmrD litbrarvj C&ttton

AMERICAN STATESMEN

EDITED BY

JOHN T. MORSE, JR.
IN THIRTY-TWO VOLUMES
VOL. XXXII.

GENERAL INDEX
THEODORE CLARKE SMITH

^

«' ":,

STAHHAKB LIBIIAKYJEDITIOH

*£/SJ0

HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO

American £tategmen

GENERAL INDEX

TO THE

AMERICAN STATESMEN SERIES
WITH
A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
BY
THEODORE CLARKE SMITH

BOSTON AND NEW YORK
HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY
<C&e Sttarjiiue ^rejSjS, Canvbri&oe
1900

Coyyright, 1900,
By HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & 00.
All rights reserved

C/b^5

EDITOR'S PREFACE
I cannot permit this Index Volume to be given to
the public without an expression of my gratitude to Mr.
Theodore Clarke Smith, who has made it. He has per
formed with admirable patience the great labor in the
way of detail easily visible to every person of any liter
ary experience ; and he planned the entire arrangement.
This volume, the fruit of his toil, has given to the Series
a unity, and thereby a value for all students, which I
knew existed in it, but which I, at least, had not thought
of developing in this practical manner. Before Mr.
Smith made this Index, the several volumes stood like a
row of railway cars, in juxtaposition on the rails, but
not firmly linked into the entirety of a train. There
upon he came, and skilfully did precisely that which
needed to be done. If he did not invent, he at least
applied the most approved coupling apparatus and vesti
bule appointments, and thereby he created out of the
parts a great unit, an integral train, so that whoever
gets aboard it has perfect communication throughout its
entire length, and can at once and easily pass to any
section and find any passenger within it.
John T. Mouse, Jr.
Boston, August 11, 1900.

PREFACE
This volume is intended to make the American States
men Series serve the purpose of a reference work on
American history from 1750 to 1874. To this end it con
tains the following parts : First, there is a general index
of names in which are grouped all references to persons
of any prominence in the volumes of the series.
Second, there is a general index of all topics re
ferred to in the series. The purpose was not to give
a complete alphabetical list of all events, places and
institutions mentioned, but rather to group them under
natural and obvious headings, supplemented by numer
ous cross references. In this way space has been saved
and repetition avoided.
Third, there is a bibliography comprising lists of
bibliographical and other reference works, general his
tories and dictionaries, and lists of biographical and top
ical references arranged to correspond with the indexes
of names and of topics. In making this bibliography
the compiler has relied principally upon Winsor's " Nar
rative and Critical History of America," and Channing
and Hart's " Guide to American History," adding to the
lists thus obtained certain books which have appeared
since the publication of these works. The bibliography
is restricted in scope to the period covered by, and the
persons and subjects treated in, the Statesmen series.
In general it comprises selected lists of secondary works,
with references to a few such sources as are fairly

vi PREFACE
obvious in character, like United States documents and
newspapers. These three parts will facilitate the use of the series
as a reference work. From the two indexes the reader
may find what there is upon any given person or sub
ject, and may thus without difficulty secure as many
points of view and as much varied information as the
several authors furnish. If desirous of carrying the
matter further, he will find in the bibliography lists of
the best general works and of such special works as have
been published bearing on the man or event in question.
If he wishes to go still further, he is given lists of bib
liographies wherein he may find the latest word on the
literature of the subject. In this way a series of bio
graphies, each complete in itself, may easily become a
useful work for historical reference.
T. C. S.
Brookline, Mass.
August, 1900.

CONTENTS

FAGE
Index of Names  1
Topical Index  177
Bibliography  381
General Works  381
Biographical Works  384
Topical References  426

NOTE
In this Index the several volumes of the American Statesmen
Series are designated by abbreyiations as below : —

Benjamin Franklin, BF
Samuel Adams, SA
Patrick Henry, PH
George Washington, GW
GW ii.
John Adams, JA
Alexander Hamilton, AH
Gouverneur Morris, "GM
John Jay, JJ
John Marshall, JMar
Thomas Jefferson, TJ
James Madison, JMad
Albert Gallatin AG
James Monroe, JMon
John Quincy Adams, JQA

John Randolph, JR
Andrew Jackson, AJ
Martin Van Buren, MVB
Henry Clay, HC i., HC ii.
Daniel Webster, J)W
John C. Calhoun, JCC
Thomas H. Benton, THB *
Lewis Cass, LC
Abraham Lincoln, AL i., AL
ii.
William H. Seward, WHS
Salmon P. Chase, SPC
Charles Francis Adams, CFA
Charles Sumner, CS
Thaddeus Stevens, TS

INDEX OF NAMES

ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, EARL OP,
negotiates opening of West India trade, AJ 215;
sends dispatch to Upshur on Texas, HC ii. 248, JCC 230-
235;
at Webster's suggestion, offers compromise in Oregon con
troversy, DW 259.
ADAIR, GENERAL JOHN,
connected with Burr's plot, JMar 206;
resigns from Senate, HC i. 35, 47;
has controversy with Jackson, A J 46;
leader of « relief " party in Kentucky, AJ 163, 164.
ADAMS, ABIGAIL,
her character and influence, JA 19, 40, 82, 83, 319, JQA
23, CPA 11;
her life during siege of Boston, JQA 2, 3;
in France and England, JA 227, 229;
her opinions on public men, BF 210, JA 263, TJ 199, GW
i. 137; her letters, CFA 40, 41.
ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS,
see index to separate volume ou C. F. Adams;
opposes admission of Texas, CFA 77, 78, CS 43;
leader of " Conscience Whigs " in Massachusetts, CFA 80-
88, CS 52-54;
a leader in Free-Soil movement, CFA 89, CS 58, 74, 92-
97;
nominated for vice-president at Buffalo Convention, MVB
427, 429, HC ii. 312, LC 253, WHS 49, CFA 91, CS 59;

2 INDEX OF NAMES
ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (continued),
opposes Free-Soil and Democratic coalition, CS 76;
elected to Congress, CFA 105, CS 162;
supports compromise measures in 1861, CFA 129-142, CS
189, TS 122; [144;
appointed minister to England, AL i. 372, WHS 268, CFA
his instructions, AL i. 373-375, WHS 279, CFA 145;
complains of English recognition of Confederate belliger
ency, WHS 281, CFA 148;
tries to secure admission of United States to treaty of
Paris, WHS 289, 290, CFA 205-207;
his conduct in Trent affair, WHS 303, CFA 220, 238;
attempts to prevent sailing of " Alabama," AL ii. 171, 172,
WHS 348, CFA 309, 319;
opposes issue of letters of marque by United States, CS 241;
warns Russell that to let the " Laird rams " sail means war,
CFA 319-322, 340-343, CS 243;
on English feeling toward United States, WHS 353, CFA
305, 348, 349;
resigns, WHS 392, CFA 352;
his connection with the Liberal Republican movement, CFA
390-392, CS 411;
relations with contemporaries, CFA 71, CS 46, 150;
judgments upon, SPC 430.
ADAMS, JOHN,
see index to volume on John Adams;
present at Otis's plea against writs of assistance, SA 40,
JA 23;
Whig leader in Massachusetts, SA 48, 67-69, 101, 120, 197,
263, JA 36-60;
defends soldiers after Boston Massacre, SA 165, J A 36-38;
in first continental Congress, SA 265, 267, 277, 285, 300-
303, 305, 307, PH 104-116, JA 66-81, JJ 32-36;
in second continental Congress, SA 300-319, PH 172-175,
JA 86-144;
secures appointment of Washington as commander-in-chiefi
SA 302, 303, GW i. 134, 135, JA 94-98;

INDEX OF NAMES 3
advocate of independence, SA 310, 311, 319, 321, JA 86-90,
105-108, 112-127, JJ 42, TJ 29-35;
has military aspirations, PH 154, 188, J A 84;
influence on state constitutions, PH 199, 201-207, J A 119-
121, 138, 154, JJ 69, 81;
on committee to confer with Lord Howe, BF 214-216;
his first mission to France, BF 266, 276, 286-298, JA 145-
151, JQA 4;
his services as Peace Commissioner, BF 349-355, 358, 374,
375, 380, 392, JA 159-222, GM 104, 107, JJ 113, 141, 144,
182-195, JQA 13, TJ 66-70;
on mission to Holland, BF 307, 330, JA 187-194;
relations with Vergennes, BF 349-355, 379, JA 167-186,
203, 215, 216, JJ 144-146, 167, 187, 200;
advocates right to fisheries, in treaty of peace, BF 380, 392,
399, JA 218, JJ 189, 193, 194;
minister to England, JA 224-236, JJ 203, 214, 215, TJ 70,
72, JQA 14;
vice-president, JA 239-250, JJ 265, 266, JR 19;
his opinion on title of President, GW ii. 52, JA 247, JMad
123-125;
holds aristocratic ideas, SA 364, GW ii. 54, 137, JA 247-
250;
attacked by Jefferson as a monarchist, GW ii. 226, AH 140,
TJ 114, 118;
elected President, JA 253-261, AH 193, 194, TJ 154-157,
JQA 23;
sends special mission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 273-277,
AH 199-201, JMar 100, 103, 104, TJ 158-161, AG 132-140;
his behavior during XYZ affair, JA 279-283, AH 201,
JMar 105-115, TJ 168, JMad 231, AG 147-155, 158;
quarrels with Hamilton over command of provisional army,
GW ii. 285-287, JA 284-286, AH 203-205;
approves Alien and Sedition laws, JA 283, 284, AH 220,
A J 255, HC i. 32;
sends commissioners to France, PH 411, 412, GW ii. 292,
293, JA 288-301, AH 214-217, TJ 171, JQA 26, AG 31;

4 INDEX OF NAMES
ADAMS, JOHN (continued),
quarrels with his Cabinet, JA 301-313, AH 226, 227, JMad
240, AG 177, JQA 26, 27;
attacked by Hamilton, J A 314, 315, AH 229, 230, DW 23;
defeated in election of 1800, JA 311,312, 316; AH 228-232,
GM 281, 285, TJ 178, AG 163-165, JQA 25, 26;
appoints Marshall Chief Justice, JA 316, JMar 130, 148-
153, 161, 162, JR 62;
makes midnight appointments, JA 317, GM 288, 289, JMar
154, TJ 186, 195, JR 62;
avoids Jefferson's inauguration, JA 318, TJ 187 ;
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, JA 324, DW
108;
has controversy with disunionist Federalists, JA 321-323,
JQA 28;
relations with contemporaries, BF 210, 235, 236, 337-346,
389-391, SA 68, 136, 137, 154, 252, 322, 364, PH 88, 124,
397, GW i. 214, 215, ii. 259, 260, 287, JA 87, 99-101, 114,
132-135, 147, 179, 180, 243, 252, 255, 258, 262, 272, 273,
286, 308, 309, 318, 321; AH 194-198, 212, 226-228, JJ 31,
200, 204, 239, 301, 312, 316, 317, JMar 101, TJ 158, 159,
307, JMon 71, 129, JR 19, 26, 41, DW 119, 120;
estimates of, BF 220, 295, 344, SA 279, 323-326, AH 205,
GM 45, TJ 291, JMad 231, MVB 464.
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY,
see index to volume on J. Q. Adams;
accompanies his father to Europe, J A 146, JQA 4, 5;
writes Publicola papers against Jefferson, AH 140, TJ 118,
JQA 18;
his marriage, JQA 22, CFA 2;
turned out of office by Jefferson, TJ 199, JQA 28;
elected to Senate, JQA 30, CFA 3;
leaves Federalist party to support embargo, JA 321, TJ
268, JMad 345, AG 385, JQA 35-53, MVB 59;
hated by Federalists thereafter, JQA 53-66, 216-218, AJ
125, HC i. 317, DW 140, 141;
minister to Russia, AG 302, JQA 69-76, HC i. 99, CFA 4;

INDEX OF NAMES 5
negotiates peace of Ghent, AG 322-324, JQA 75-93, MVB
13, HC i. 100-116, CFA 5;
minister to England, AG 326, JQA 98-100, HC i. 123, 124.
CFA 7;
secretary of state under Monroe, AG 333-346, JMon 129-
131, JQA 100-148, AJ 412, HC i. 141, 210, DW254, CFA
10;
makes treaty of 1819 with Spain, JMon 146, JQA 111-118,
123-126, MVB 88, HC i. 162-164, THB 248, 269;
makes report on weights and measures, GW ii. 81, JQA
126, 127, A J 389;
his position on Missouri compromise, JMon 147, 151, JQA
119-122, HC i. 174, 198;
aids in framing Monroe doctrine, JMon 170-178, JQA 127-
136;
favors recognizing Greece, DW 131;
supports Jackson in his Florida campaign, JMon 144, JQA
158-162, AJ 57, 80-83, MVB 185, HCi. 152, JCC 87-92;
his attitude on tariff of 1824, MVB 103, DW 132;
elected President in 1824, AG 356-358, JMon 157, JQA
150-175, JR 268, 281, AJ 99-116, 120, MVB 115-117,
HC i. 226-248, DW 132, 144, JCC 61, THB 54;
accused of bargaining for Clay's support, JQA 181-187,
AJ 119, 120-125, MVB 163, HC i. 242-251, JCC 62, THB
55;
character of his administration, TJ 293, AG 342, 343, JQA
177-213, AJ 134-144, 149, MVB 119-121, 154, 159, HC i.
258, DW 135, 136;
his political programme, JQA 194, AJ 138, 139, MVB 120-
126, HC i. 265-267, THB 57;
refuses to dismiss opponents from office, JQA 178-180, 198,
206, AJ 141-143, MVB 139, 213, HC i. 249,258-261, 282,
289, THB 74;
formation of opposition to, JQA 188-192, 202, AJ 142-144,
MVB 119-132, 146, 159-161, HC i.265, 273-278,313-317,
JCC 63, 64;
urges Panama congress, JQA 189, JR 284, MVB 122,
124-126, HC i. 267-269, 294, DW 136, THB 58;

6 INDEX OF NAMES
ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (continued),
tries to secure trade with British West Indies, MVB 218,
219, HC i. 298;
his attitude on tariff of 1828, A J 251; [137;
tries to protect Creeks against Georgia, AJ 222-224, DW
defeated for President in 1828, JQA 209-213, AJ 145-149,
MVB 154-163, HC i. 288-290, THB 10, 36, CFA 15, 16;
reluctant to leave politics, JQA 215, 220, CFA 14;
elected to House of Representatives, JQA 226, CFA 15;
joins Anti-Masons, JQA 209, 226, AJ 294, 295, MVB 167,
245, HC i.' 342, 345, WHS 13, 14;
his career in House, JQA 226-307, AJ 262, 263, 418, 420,
AL i. 74, CFA 15, 16, CS 31, TS 66;
supports Jackson in nullification struggle, JQA 234-236,
HC ii. 16 ;
upholds Jackson's attitude toward France, JQA 239, 240,
AJ 405, LC 167, CFA 20 ;
opposes Calhoun's patronage bill, CFA 22-27;
his part in the Bank struggle, AJ 263, 302-310, MVB 295,
335-338, HC i. 374;
his attitude upon slavery, JQA 226, 227, 234, 244, 255,
304, MVB 273, 274, 381, DW 210, CFA 20, 31;
defends right of petition against gag-rule, JQA 243-306,
MVB 274, 381, HC ii. 82, 233, DW 276, LC 198, 209,
WHS 58, CFA 31, CS 40;
attempts of Southern members to cause his censure, JMad
185, JQA 271-278, 281-288, HC ii. 233, 234, CFA 31,
33;
his relations with abolitionists, JQA 254, SPC 52, 55, 92;
opposes annexation of Texas, JQA 112, 265, 266, AJ 84,
85, 412, 413, 418, 420, 457-459, MVB 360, HC ii. 164,
THB 160;
unwilling to yield to Tyler in 1842, HC ii. 227;
opposes Mexican war, HC ii. 284, CS 46;
relations with his contemporaries, AG 333, 339, 384, 385,
JMon 137, 240, JQA 9, 10, 31, 32, 82-84, 88, 112, 136-
148, 150-163, 177, 178, 195, 210, 211, 229, 231, 237-242,

INDEX OF NAMES 1
252, 257-263, 270, 276-278, 283, 285, 289, 294-300, JR
26, 141, 282-287, AJ 82, 124, 179, 180, 198, 457, 458,
MVB 107, 126, 132, 158, 395, 396, 401, 451, HC i. 149,
201, 202, 251, 309, 310, ii. 192, DW 125, 141-146, JCC
43, 52-55, 74, 75, 93, 163, LC 183, 184, 253, CFA 17, 20;
his death, AG 386, JQA 307, 308, MVB 428, HC ii. 298;
estimates of, JA 6, 107, AG 302, 303, JMar 130, 131, JQA
6-12, 308, AJ 102-104, 149, MVB 464, 465, HC i. 102,
103, 226-228, DW 195, LC 258, TS 66, CFA 14, 39, 41,
86,98.
ADAMS, SAMUEL,
see index to volume on S. Adams;
leader of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 43-271, JA 22, 23, 31;
works for independence, SA 107, 214, 243, 300, 309, 312,
313, GWi. 131;
in first continental Congress, SA 282-286, PH 108, JA 52;
in second continental Congress, SA 298-346, PH 173, JA
62, J J 40, 44;
seconds motion to make Washington commander, SA 303,
JA94;
plans a New England confederacy, BF 212, SA 306;
opposes Washington, SA 339, 340, GW i. 214, GM 16;
opposes half -pay for officers, SA 342, GM 69;
his absence enables Luzerne to manage Congress, J J 145;
demands retention of fisheries in treaty of peace, J J 169;
secures ratification of Constitutiou in Massachusetts, SA
352-359, PH 330, GW ii. 71, AH 73, GM 111;
relations with contemporaries, BF 138, SA 67, 68, 83, 134,
169-171, 239, 309, 340, 361, 364, 365, 370, PH 206, GW i.
131, 204, GM 66;
estimates of, SA 316-337, GW i. 214, ii. 308, JA 22, GM
69, 111, 314.
ADAMS, "WILLIAM,
English peace commissioner at Ghent, AG 316, JQA 76,
79, 91, HC i. 105;
on commission to negotiate treaty of commerce, JQA 98,
HC i. 129.

8 INDEX OF NAMES
ADET, PIERRE AUGUSTE,
French minister, interferes in United States politics, AG
128, 134, 153.
ALBERT, PRINCE CONSORT OP ENGLAND,
his influence in the Trent affair, AL i. 383, WHS 299,
CFA 227.
ALEXANDER I, CZAR OP RUSSIA,
his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 70-73, 208, 210;
offers to mediate in 1813, AG 308, 311, 312, 315, 316, JQA
74, 75, HC i. 99, 106;
acts as arbitrator between England and United States,
JMon 202, HC i. 300;
asked to urge Spain to recognize independence of colonies,
HC i. 270, 271.
ALLEN, CHARLES,
" Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CFA 83;
at Whig national convention of 1848 announces intention to
bolt, HC ii. 306, LC 250, CFA 89, CS 58;
in Congress, SPC 114, TS 69, 86.
ALLEN, ETHAN,
refused permission from New York to invade Canada, GM
39;
advocates independence of Vermont, JJ 94.
ALLEN, WILLIAM,
Senator from Ohio, SPC 104;
moves to terminate joint occupancy of Oregon, JCC 265;
his controversy with Crittenden, LC 228.
ALSOP, JOHN,
revolutionary leader in New York, PH 173, JJ 29, 39, 47.
AMBLER, MARY W.,
see index to Marshall.
AMBRISTER, RICHARD,
executed by Jackson in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 74, 75,
MVB 186, HC i. 152, 153.
AMES, PISHER,
advocates ratification of Constitution, SA 357;
defeats S. Adams for Congress, SA 361;

INDEX OF NAMES 9
practices before Supreme Court, JJ 237;
career in Congress, JMad 127, 130, 140, AG 99, 128,
129;
his speech on the Jay treaty, SA 367, GW ii. 210 GM 284,
JMar 98, JJ 283, AG 120, 121;
advises Adams concerning the French mission, JA 273;
his rank as an orator, AH 78, 269, AG 133, DW 195.
ANDERSON, MAJOR ROBERT,
commands Fort Sumter in 1861, AL i. 185, 243, 244, 248,
WHS 206, 231, 232, SPC 208, CFA 124.
ANDRE, MAJOR JOHN,
his capture, trial, and execution, GW i. 282-288, ii. 357,
AH 20.
ANDREW, JOHN,
" Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CS 52;
war governor, AL i. 256, 257, CS 192, 209;
opposes renomination of Lincoln, CS 271;
opposes Johnson's policy, CS 295.
APPLETON, NATHAN,
see index to C. F. Adams.
ARANDA, ABARACA Y BOLEA, COMTE D',
attempts iu 1783, to limit western boundaries of United
States, JJ 114, 122, 153, 165, 166, 178, 179, 191.
ARBUTHNOT, ALEXANDER,
executed by Jackson in Florida, JQA 160, AJ 72-78, MVB
186, HC i. 152, 153.
ARGYLL, GEORGE DOUGLAS CAMPBELL, DUKE OP,
opposes English recognition of Confederate States, CFA
283;
appealed to by Adams, CFA 339;
his relations with Sumner, CS 159, 164, 252.
ARMSTRONG, JOHN,
writes Newburg address, GW i. 335;
replaced by Clinton as Senator from New York, MVB
51;
minister to France, JMad 269, 284, JR 163, HC i. 74;
secretary of war, JMon 111-119, 125, AJ 43.

10 INDEX OF NAMES
ARNOLD, BENEDICT,
takes part in invasion of Canada, BF 210, GW i. 144;
serves against Burgoyne, GW i. 210, GM 59, 63;
his treason, GW i. 281-288, AH 12, THB 145;
invades Virginia, PH 278, GW i. 303, AG 371, JMar 24,
TJ 58, JR 2, 5.
ARNOLD, ISAAC N.,
see index to Lincoln.
ASHLEY, JAMES M.,
political lieutenant of Chase, SPC 159, 161, 182;
moves thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 318, TS 225;
urges impeachment of Johnson, SPC 358;
removed from governorship by Grant, CS 382.
ASHMUN, GEORGE,
" Conscience Whig " leader in Massachusetts, CFA 83;
member of Congress, DW 262, TS 69;
at Republican convention of 1860, AL i. 167.
ASTOR, JOHN JACOB,
his financial dealings during war of 1812, AG 214, 259,
269, HC i. 99;
his fur enterprise, AG 287, 288;
ATCHISON, DAVID R.,
Senator from Missouri, THB 300, 303;
his part in Kansas struggle, WHS 152-155, 162, CS 134.
AUCKLAND, GEORGE EDEN, liARL OP,
English statesman, JMon 100, MVB 228.
BABCOCK, GENERAL ORVILLE E.,
see index to Sumner.
BACHE, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN,
his education, AG 4;
upholds Genet's course, in " Aurora," AH 168;
publishes Jay treaty, GW ii. 185;
attacks Washington, GW i. 238, 244, 256, AG 104.
BADGER, GEORGE E.,
secretary of navy, HC ii. 191, 213;
favors compromise in 1850, HC ii. 350.

INDEX OF NAMES 11
BADOLLET, JEAN,
see index to Gallatin.
BAEZ, BUENAVENTURA,
see index to Sumner.
BAILEY, GAMALIEL,
see index to Chase.
BAKER, EDWARD D.,
his political and military career, AL i. 59, 68, 71, 72, 308,
309.
BANCROFT, DR. EDWARD,
his career as English spy upon American legation in Paris,
BF 191, 224, 283, JJ 170.
BANCROFT, GEORGE,
secretary of navy, MVB 362;
other references, MVB 408, CS 28.
BANKS, NATHANIEL P.,
candidate for Republican presidential nomination, SPC
160, 181;
his career in the Civil War, AL i. 319, ii. 44, 54, 162, WHS
343;
discourages enlistment of negroes, SPC 272;
reconstructs Louisiana, CS 283;
in Congress, CS 354.
BARBOUR, JAMES,
in 1820 proposes disunion, HC i. 196, 197;
secretary of war, JQA 177, JR 784, HC i. 258, 266;
candidate for English mission, JQA 205.
BARBOUR, PHILIP P.,
proposes to sell bank stock held by United States, AJ
271;
favors internal improvements, MVB 95;
defeated for speaker of House by Clay, HC i. 204;
candidate for vice-president, MVB 237, 239;
presides over Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar
239;
presides over Free-Trade Convention, AG 241;
appointed to Supreme Court, A J 424;
joins Whig party, MVB 378.

12 INDEX OF NAMES
BARING BROTHERS,
act as agents for United States government, AG 193, 195,
305, JQA 98;
compete with Bank of United States, AG 271.
BARLOW, JOEL,
minister to France, JMad 292-294, 305, 306, JMon 110.
BARNEY, HIRAM,
see index to Chase.
B ARRAS, P. F. J. N., COMTE DE,
his relations, as member of the Directorate with the United
States, AG 132, JMon 74.
BARRON, CAPTAIN JAMES,
commander of the Chesapeake when attacked by the Leop
ard, JMad 265, JQA 45.
BARRY, "WILLIAM T.,
leader of " relief party " in Kentucky, AJ 165, 174;
postmaster general under Jackson, AJ 182, 187, 409, MVB
179, HC i. 330;
aids in establishing " Globe," MVB 191;
retains office in reorganization of Cabinet, A J 209, LC 136;
favors removal of deposits, A J 346;
succeeded by Kendall, A J 409, LC 137;
minister to Spain, AJ 410, MVB 199, LC 137.
BATES, EDWARD,
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167-
170, WHS 198, SPC 182, 183, 187;
attorney-general under Lincoln, AL i. 234, WHS 213, 230,
SPC 212;
opposes reinforcement of Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, WHS
233, 234.
orders execution of Fugitive Slave Act, CS 198;
approves emancipation proclamation, WHS 336;
demands opening of Mississippi to trade, SPC 228;
gives opinion holding issue of legal-tender notes constitu
tional, SPC 247.
BATES, JOSHUA,
aids North in England during Civil War, CFA 147, CS 240,
241.

INDEX OF NAMES 13
BAYARD, JAMES A.,
Federalist leader in Congress, AG 132, 143, 156, 159, 166,
JR 66-70, HC i. 48;
defeated for reelection, JR 84;
on Peace Commission of 1813, AG 301-314, JQA 75-83,
HC i. 100-104;
minister to Russia, AG 326;
relations with his contemporaries, JQA 83, 296, JR 141.
BAYARD, RICHARD H.,
career in Senate, HC ii. 102, 136.
BEAUMARCHAIS, CARON DE,
his romantic career, BF 225;
urges France to aid colonies, BF 226, 227, JJ 133, 134;
draws Deane into his schemes, BF 230, 231, J J 96;
slandered by Arthur Lee, BF 238, 239;
claims cargoes from America, BF 310 ;
claims compensation from Congress, BF 241, JJ 211.
BEAUREGARD, GENERAL P. G. T.,
commands during siege of Fort Sumter, AL i. 244, 248,
249, WHS 245, 251;
his career in War of Rebellion, AL i. 299, 301, 362, 364.
BEDFORD, JOHN RUSSELL, DUKE OP,
minister under George III, BF 52, 114, SA 118.
BELL, JOHN,
supports White against Van Buren, A J 441;
defeated for speaker of House, MVB 337;
secretary of war under Harrison, HC ii. 191;
votes for admission of California, THB 300;
supports Clay's compromise, HC ii. 347, 350;
opposes Kansas Nebraska bill, WHS 118;
opposes Lecompton Constitution, WHS 183;
candidate of Constitutional Union party in 1860, LC 339,
AL i. 166, 178, WHS 193, CS 176.
BENJAMIN, JUDAH P.,
denounces Personal Liberty laws, CS 126;
his share in secession movement, AL i. 200, WHS 209;
in Confederate Cabinet, AL i. 206.

14 INDEX OF NAMES
BENNET, JAMES GORDON,
his early career as newspaper editor, MVB 192, 193, CFA
67.
BENSON, EGBERT,
at Annapolis Convention, AH 54;
in Congress, DW 47.
BENTHAM, JEREMY,
influences Jay and Gallatin, JJ 280, AG 388.
BENTON, THOMAS H.,
see index to volume on T. H. Benton;
serves in War of 1812, A J 35, 36, THB 29;
his quarrel with Jackson, A J 35, 36, THB 25, 26;
supports Clay in election of 1824, AJ 114, HC i. 228, 238,
THB 55;
asserts that by " demos krateo " principle Jackson should
be President, AJ 125-128, HC i. 240, JCC 62, THB 54,
55;
supports Jackson and attacks Adams, JQA 188, AJ 135,
MVB 106, 212, THB 57;
opposes Clay's land policy, preferring cheap lands, A J 232,
233, HC i. 370-372, THB 61, 62, 70, 133-137, 192;
opposes Panama Congress, A J 137;
becomes leading opponent of Bank, AJ 287, 297, 301, 315,
347, 363, 374, HC i. 355, 377-379, ii. 33, THB 102-118,
123, 184;
bitterly opposes compromise of 1833, AJ 338, HC ii. 8, 20,
THB 95-97, 199;
denounces nullification, DW 214, 215, THB 89, 90, 94;
introduces expunging resolutions, AJ 366, 370, MVB 264,
HC ii. 43, 100-102, DW 226, 228, THB 119, 124, 125;
votes against bill to exclude abolition matter from mails,
MVB 276, 277, THB 151;
on election of 1836, MVB 257;
his action during panic of 1837, A J 370, MVB 253, 286;
demands a specie currency, AJ 388, 392, HC ii. 124, 125,
THB 107, 122, 123, 139;
first favors, then opposes a tariff, MVB 99, 102, 142, THB
53,60,81,82,91,197;

INDEX OF NAMES 15
opposes internal improvements, MVB 95, 117, 142, THB
53;
demands abolition of salt duty, MVB 140, THB 83, 199-
202;
supports Sub-Treasury bill, JCC 183, THB, 178, 181, 218;
in election of 1840, MVB 391, THB 206;
condemns Ashburton treaty, DW 250, THB 237-245;
favors removal of Indians to West, LC 160, THB 50;
surprised at Polk's nomination, LC 219;
opposes annexation of Texas by force, MVB 413, HC ii.
272, JCC 252, 253, THB 160, 161,253, 263-268,276, 278;
demands occupation of Oregon, MVB 167, THB 46, 47,
59, 251-255;
urges vigorous prosecution of Mexican War, JCC 285, THB
279;
considers Wilmot Proviso unnecessary, MVB 418, THB
286, 287, 298, 299;
opposes Clay's compromise in 1850, HC ii. 350, 353, DW
303, THB 294-301, CS 66, 69;
hated by the South, LC 307, THB 275, 276, 285, 290 ;
opposes Kansas-Nebraska bill, WHS 146, 147, THB 309-
311, SPC 138;
relations with contemporaries, JR 285, MVB 94, 131, 141,
399, 455, JMon 241, 244, AJ 125, 222, 338, JCC 95, 103
222, 253, 305, 306, HC i. 274, 275, ii. 207, 226.
BERNARD, FRANCIS,
his career as Governor of Massachusetts, SA 34, 35, 45, 46,
63, 66, 82-85, 96, 99-113, 122-128, 137, 138, 326, PH 82.
BERNARD, JOHN,
see index to Washington.
BERRIEN, JOHN M.,
opposes disunion in 1828, AJ 256;
attorney general under Jackson, AJ 182, MVB 179, HC i.
330, JCC 65;
holds South Carolina seaman laws valid, AJ 219;
forced to resign, A J 209, MVB 199, LC 137;
in the Senate, HC ii. 209, 330;

16 INDEX OF NAMES
opposes acquisition of territory after Mexican War, DW
283.
BEVERLY, CARTER,
his connection with the story of Adams's and Clay's bar
gain, JQA 184, 187, AJ 122, HC i. 282, 283, 285.
BIDDLE, NICHOLAS,
elected president of Bank of the United States, AJ 269;
has controversy with Jackson's Cabinet over appointment of
Mason, AJ 272-277, HC i. 354;
opposes bringing Bank into politics, AJ 298, 300, HC i.
354;
defends Bank against attacks, AJ 303-310, 355, 356, 374,
THB 110;
his management, AJ 312-314, 340, 342, 345, 397, HC ii.
49, THB 103, 104, 111;
in campaign of 1832, A J 318;
accused of causing financial distress, AJ 370, 371, HC ii.
40;
his course after 1836, AJ 399, 400, MVB 296, 298, THB
184;
in panic of 1838, prevents early resumption, AG 275;
last days and death, AJ 400, 401, HC ii. 144.
BIDWELL, BARNABAS,
see index to Randolph.
BINNEY, HORACE,
his legal career, CS 11, JMar 169;
holds branch drafts legal, AJ 270.
B1NNS, JOHN,
see index to Jackson.
BIRNEY, JAMES G.,
his career as abolitionist, HC ii. 255, THB vii., SPC 44-
49, 74;
attacks J. Q. Adams, LC 209, SPC 92;
candidate of Liberty party in 1840, HC ii. 190, SPC 85-
87;
candidate of Liberty party in 1844, MVB 413, HC ii. 254,
265, THB 258, LC 209, 221, WHS 44, 46, SPC 92, 93;

INDEX OF NAMES 17
relations with Chase, SPC 51, 52, 57;
unfavorable view of, THB 260.
BLACK, JEREMIAH S.,
attorney general under Buchanan, LC 329, AL i. 188, SPC
170;
succeeds Cass in state department, AL i. 198, TS 119;
his opinion on secession, AL i. 199, 200, WHS 207;
forces Buchanan to refuse to treat with South Carolina,
AL i. 200, WHS 208, TS 118, 119.
BLAINE, JAMES G.,
career in Congress, TS 290;
attacks Sumner for opposing Grant, CS 396, 416.
BLAIR, FRANCIS P.,
supports Clay in 1824, AJ 120;
later supports Jackson, HC i. 346;
establishes " Globe " as Jackson's organ, AJ 206-208,
MVB 191, HC i. 346, 347, THB 281;
his power over the party, AJ 323, 325, 326, 440, MVB
193;
opposes nullification, MVB 193, THB 281;
urges removal of deposits from Bank, AJ 347, MVB 251,
252, HC ii. 26;
deprived of House printing, MVB 338;
loses influence under Polk, THB 282.
BLAIR, FRANCIS P., JR.,
urges Fremont for candidate in 1856, SPC 160;
leads Unionists'in Missouri, AL i. 269 ;
his career in Congress, AL i. 297, TS 236, 312, 313;
confers with Jefferson Davis, AL ii. 304;
attacks Chase, SPC 313.
BLAIR, JOHN,
career as leader in Virginia, PH 93, 212;
delegate to Federal Convention, JMon 28;
member of United States Supreme Court, GW ii. 73, PH
362.
BLAIR, MONTGOMERY,
postmaster general under Lincoln, AL i. 234, SPC 254;

18 INDEX OF NAMES
objected to by Eastern Republicans, WHS 213, 214, 226,
227;
urges relief of Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233,
234, SPC 210;
has controversy with Fremont, AL i. 350;
his cautious attitude in Trent affair, CS 209;
foretells political disaster from emancipation proclamation,
AL ii. 123, WHS 33, SPC 269;
forced out of Cabinet by radicals, AL ii. 287, 288.
BLAND, RICHARD,
Whig leader in Virginia, SA 78, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95, 137,
152, 190, 200;
in Continental Congress, PH 99, 102, 106, 112.
BLAND, THEODORIC,
in Continental Congress, PH 320, 354, AH 35;
BLENNERHASSETT, HARMAN,
his connection with Burr's conspiracy, JR 219, LC 49.
BLOUNT, WILLIAM,
pacifies Cherokees, GW ii. 94;
in United States Senate, AG 107;
impeached, AG 138, AJ 13, 14.
BOLLAN, WILLIAM,
agent in London for Massachusetts Council, BF 155, 185,
187;
obtains letters of Bernard, SA 127.
BONAPARTE, JEROME,
his life in America, AG 332, JMon 90, 91. •
BONVOULOIR, M. DE,
his career as French emissary in America before the Revo
lution, JJ 44, 98, 133, 140.
BOONE, DANIEL,
his career, HC i. 113, THB 5, 17.
BOOTH, JOHN WILKES,
see index to Lincoln.
BOTETOURT, LORD,
his career as royal governor of Virginia, GW i. 121, 122,
TJ16.

INDEX OF NAMES 19
BOUT\v"ELL, GEORGE S.,
Governor of Massachusetts, CS 85;
urges emancipation upon Lincoln, AL ii. 116;
on Reconstruction committee, TS 259;
manager of Johnson impeachment, TS 338 ;
secretary of treasury under Grant, SPC 392, 394, CS 363;
in Senate, CS 424, 430.
BOWDOIN, JAMES,
of Huguenot origin, SA 5, GM 10;
Whig leader in Massachusetts, SA 86, 104, 168, 235, 319;
chosen delegate to first Continental Congress, SA 265, 267,
JA 52, 62;
as governor crushes Shay's rebellion, SA 351, 352, AH 52;
wishes revision of Articles of Confederation, AH 52.
BRACKENRIDGE, JUDGE H. H,
see index to Gallatin.
BRADDOCK, GENERAL EDWARD,
his relations with Washington, GW i. 82-85;
his dealings with Pennsylvania and Franklin, BF 52-54;
his expedition and defeat, BF 54, GW i. 85, JMar 3.
BRADFORD, DAVID,
see index to Gallatin.
BRADLEY, JOSEPH P.,
see index to Chase.
BRAGG, GENERAL BRAXTON,
see index to Lincoln.
BRANCH, JOHN,
secretary of the navy under Jackson, AJ 182, 183, MVB
179, HC i. 330, JCC 65;
forced out of Cabinet, AJ 210, MVB 199, LC 137.
BRECKENRIDGE, JOHN,
defeated by Monroe for governor, JMon 35;
offers Kentucky resolutions, JMad 239;
his career iu Congress, AG 355, JR 55.
BRECKENRIDGE, JOHN O,
elected vice-president, LC 322, AL i. 101 ;
candidate for presidency in 1860, LC 339, AL i. 164, 178,
CS 1T6, TS 113;

20 INDEX OF NAMES
announces election of Lincoln, AL i. 208;
expelled from Senate, AL i. 297.
BRIGHT, JESSE D.,
in United States Senate, HC ii. 330;
expelled, AL i. 297.
BRIGHT, JOHN,
friendly to North during Civil War, CFA 156, 157, 262,
297, CS 247, 248;
defends North in Parliament, CFA 332, 333;
suggests au American contribution for English cotton opera
tives, CFA 276;
dissuades United States from issuing letters of marque, CS
240;
possibly misled by Sumner concerning Johnson's mission,
CS 368.
BROGLIE, A. L. V. C, DUC DE,
see index to Jackson.
BROOKS, PRESTON S.,
assaults Sumner, LC 320, 321, AL i. 99, 100, WHS 163,
164, CS 146-152, 158.
BROUGHAM, HENRY PETER, LORD,
attacks Durham's administration of Canada, MVB 356;
attacks Cass for opposing slave trade treaty, LC 180, 182,
204.
BROWN, AARON V„
postmaster general, LC 329, AL i. 188;
sends Texas letter to Jackson, JCC 223.
BROWN, B. GRATZ,
opposes Lincoln's renomination in 1864, AL ii. 255;
his career in Congress, CS 280, 326.
BROWN, GENERAL JACOB,
in War of 1812, A J 85;
has controversy with Jackson, A J 85;
reforms military establishment, JCC 43.
BROWN, JOHN,
his raid at Harper's Ferry, JMad 130, WHS 188, SPC 174,
175, CS 156, 170.

INDEX OF NAMES 21
BRYAN, JOSEPH,
see index to Randolph.
BRYANT, "WILLIAM CULLEN,
denounces Locofocos, MVB 344;
supports Polk while opposing Texas, MVB 415, HC ii. 259,
271;
joins Barnburners, HC ii. 312;
introduces Lincoln in New York, AL i. 153;
opposes Lincoln's renomination in 1864, AL ii. 261.
BUCHANAN, JAMES,
denies responsibility for story of Clay's sale to Adams, JQA
186, 187, A J 123, HC i. 284;
in Peck impeachment case, AJ 220;
member of Senate, HC ii. 69, 80, 86, 95, 102, DW 244, 254,
JCC 132, 133, THB 151;
declines Cabinet position under Van Buren, MVB 393;
secretary of state under Polk, HC ii. 273, 276;
settles Oregon question, HC ii. 280, 281, THB 254, LC
240;
his dealings with Mexico, HC ii. 276, THB 274;
signs Ostend Manifesto, LC 313, 314, CFA 202;
elected President, MVB 3, 441^44, THB 313, LC 202, 205,
288, 321, AL i. 101, 102, WHS 112, 147, 149, SPC 161,
CS 157;
character of his administration, SPC 168, 178, CFA 107;
accepts Dred Scott decision, MVB 446, AL i. 102, WHS
168, 172;
his position on popular sovereignty in Kansas, LC 327, AL
i. 105, WHS 173, 175-180, CS 167, 168;
his position on secession, LC 341, 342, AL i. 180-199, WHS
206, 207, TS 116, 117, SPC 198, CFA 119, CS 182, 183;
refuses to reinforce Fort Sumter, LC 344, 348, AL i. 243,
CS184;
coerced by his Cabinet, AL i. 200, 201, WHS 208, TS 118,
119;
judgments upon, JR 285, MVB 111 417, 463, AL i. 102,
108, 200, WHS 172, 210, 265, 273, TS 116, 124-126.

22 INDEX OF NAMES
BUELL, GEMERAL DON CARLOS,
see index to Lincoln.
BULLOCK, JAMES H.,
see index to C. F. Adams.
BURGOYNE, GENERAL JOHN,
his campaign and capture, BF 267, 270, 317, PH 240, GW
i. 194, 195, 202-211, GM 59-63, 275, JJ 83, 86, 95, 96,
135.
BURKE, EDMUND,
secretary to Rockingham, BF 115;
supports claims of colonies, SA 73, 76, 118, 239;
agent for New York, GM 33;
leaves office with Fox, J J 154;
denounces French revolution, GW ii. 294;
his opinions on contemporaries, BF 120, GW i. 202, JJ 280;
compared as an orator with Webster, DW 120, 181, 193-
199.
BURNSIDE, GENERAL AMBROSE E.,
see index to Lincoln.
BURR, AARON,
his early career in New York politics, AH 81, 223, GM 284,
JJ 248, 249, TJ 155, 176, JMad 175, THB 73;
carries New York for Republicans, AH 223, GM 286, JJ
295;
publishes Hamilton's attack on Adams, JA 315, AH 229;
in presidential election of 1801, AH 232, 233, GM 287,
JMar 151, TJ 178-184, AG 163-167, AJ 134, MVB 38,
LC53;
at New York bar, AH 234, GM 279, MVB 29;
loses confidence of Jefferson, AH 243, TJ 239, 241, AG
282, MVB 17,42,43,51;
defeated for Governor of New York, AH 243, MVB 43, 44;
his duel with Hamilton, AH 243-247, JMar 201, TJ 249,
JR 111-114;
delivers valedictory as vice-president, JR 154, 155;
his Western scheme, JMar 201-206; TJ 249, JR 155, 156,
205, AJ 21-29, HC i. 34-36, LC 47-50;

INDEX OF NAMES 23
his arrest and trial, JMar 207-226, TJ 249-254, JR 218,
219, LC 50;
relations with contemporaries, AJ 25, 26, 99, MVB 17, 18,
HC i. 35-37;
opinions concerning, AH 223, 244, 245, GM 314, JMar 159,
199-201, TJ 184, JQA 193, JR 112, 113, MVB 18, 158,
THB 145, LC 48.
BUTLER, ANDREW P.,
member of Senate, HC ii. 330, 350, LC 318, CS 88;
attacks Chase, SPC 123;
has controversy with Sumner, CS 111-113, 126, 139-142.
BUTLER, BENJAMIN F.,
in New York politics, AJ 285, MVB 111, 112;
attorney general under Jackson, AJ 446, MVB 255, 283,
393, HC ii. 29;
in Democratic convention of 1844, MVB 408, 409, 411;
leader of Barnburners, MVB 415, 416, 425, HC ii. 312;
at Buffalo Free-Soil Convention, MVB 427, HC ii. 312, SPC
100.
BUTLER, GENERAL BENJAMIN F.,
his career in Civil War, AL i. 260, 298, ii. 280;
at New Orleans, AL i. 358, WHS 342, 343, SPC 227, 228,
CFA 243-257;
on " contraband of war," AL ii. 5, WHS 334, SPC 257, CS
198;
leads in impeachment of Johnson, CS 348, TS 337, 339,
343;
favors annexation of San Domingo, CS 391;
urges indirect Alabama claims, CFA 388;
his rupture with Sumner, CS 400;
gains influence over Grant, CS 401.
BUTLER, PIERCE,
in Federal Convention, GM 127, 136, JMad 107.
CABOT, GEORGE,
in Senate, AG 61;
at Hartford Convention, GM 309;
other references, GW ii. 366, JMar 98.

24 INDEX OF NAMES
CADWALADER, GENERAL JOHN,
his services in Revolution, PH 105, GW i. 180, 226.
CALHOUN, JOHN C,
see index to volume on Calhoun;
begins career as a war republican, GM 306, JMad 292, 295,
HC i. 78, 128, 129, DW 47, 48, JCC 15-26;
defends the embargo, DW 52, JCC 21;
moves declaration of war, JMad 298, JCC 21;
advocates internal improvements, HC i. 137, DW 66, THB
80, JCC 35-10;
proposes a National Bank, AG 265, DW 61, JCC 30;
supports tariff of 1816, HC i. 130, DW 53, 153, 165, THB
80, JCC 29, 33-35;
secretary of war, JMon 129, 154, AJ 64, 105, MVB 94,
HC i. 142, DW 130, 131, LC 116, 117, JCC 38-51;
his Indian policy, LC 160, JCC 45-49;
disapproves of Jackson's action in Florida, JQA 160, AJ
64, 70, 80, 82, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JCC 88, 90;
does not expect disunion in 1820, JQA 121, JCC 73, 74;
connection with Riprap contract, A J 106, JCC 49-51;
candidate for presidency, JMon 157, JQA 106, 149, AJ
104, 112, HC i. 223, DW 140, JCC 52-55, 60;
vice-president, AG 358, JQA 169, 212, AJ 141, 181, 191,
MVB 131, HC i. 232, 233, DW 168, THB 78, JCC 60;
joins opposition to Adams, JQA 211, 296, JR 285, 295, 296,
AJ 141, JCC 63, 64;
changes his views on slavery and states' rights, JR 89,
270, 288, 289, AJ 139, 331, HC i. 137, ii. 149, 150, JCC
30-32, 36, 37, 74-79;
in campaign of 1828, MVB 153, JCC 28;
rivalry with Van Buren, AJ 193, 210, MVB 179, 180, 233,
234, 277, 396, HC i. 369, JCC 86;
his attitude in Eaton affair, AJ 196, MVB 182, 184, LC
134, JCC 85;
quarrels with Jackson over Florida affair, AJ 196-201
203-205, MVB 185, 186, 190, HC i. 348, THB 78, 86, 87^
LC 133, 137, JCC 85-93;

INDEX OF NAMES 25
publishes Florida correspondence, JMon 145, AJ 209,
MVB 191;
leads nullifiers in South Carolina, AJ 203, MVB 188, HC
ii. 2-4, DW 167, 170-172, THB 78, 86, 88, 92, LC 144,
JCC 75-82, 93-102;
opposes the tariff, AJ 239, 251, 256, 257, JCC 95;
his relations with Anti-Masons, A J 295, WHS 14;
loses popularity in North, A J 239;
resigns vice-presidency to enter Senate, AJ 331, HC ii. 8,
DW 207, JCC 103;
his presidential ambitions, AJ 181, MVB 184, THB 149,
LC 142, 202, 203, 206, 217, JCC 93, 211-213;
agrees to compromise tariff, AJ 339, HC ii. 11-14, 17, DW
209, 210, 213, THB 95, JCC 105, 106;
question as to his having yielded through fear, AJ 338, HC
ii. 13, DW 209, THB 93, 94, JCC 103, 105;
opposes Jackson in Bank struggle, AJ 365, HC ii. 30, 43,
THB 117, 122, JCC 109, 110, 112;
opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102, THB 126;
opposes Jackson's French policy, DW 224, JCC 182;
opposes spoils system by his patronage bill, HC ii. 61-64,
JCC 113-116, 199-201, CFA 23, MVB 261;
denounces abolition petitions, HC ii. 79, DW 273, THB
147, JCC 123-125;
organizes slavery sentiment, HC i. 265, THB 148, 149, LC
143, JCC 65, 66, 70, 163-165;
introduces bill to exclude abolition matter from mails, HC
ii. 84-86, DW 274, THB 150, JCC 134-138;
his later views on the Constitution, A J 333, 334, HC ii.
156-158, DW 276-279, THB 149, JCC 185-191;
his attitude on slavery in the Union, HC ii. 161, 162, 168,
169, 170, 339, 367, THB 295, LC 279, JCC 95;
asserts slavery to be a blessing, HC ii. 169, JCC 171-176,
239, SPC 122;
has scruples about distribution of surplus, AJ 381, 386, HC
ii. 121, 122, THB 129, 135, 136, JCC 84, 150;
rejoins Democratic party, MVB 340, 341, HC ii. 145, JCC
183;

26 INDEX OF NAMES
CALHOUN, JOHN C. (continued),
his personal debate with Clay, MVB 346, HC ii. 148, 149,
THB 98, JCC 198, 199;
his position on the sub-treasury, MVB 346, HC ii. 137, DW
230, THB 178, 181, JCC 183;
favors annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92, THB 36, 160, LC
211, JCC 221-223, 228, 229, CS 41; [226-228;
secretary of state under Tyler, HC ii. 241, LC 211, JCC
negotiates treaty annexing Texas, HC ii. 241-248, DW 256,
THB 271-274, JCC 229-240, CS 42;
his assertion of an English plan to emancipate Texan
slaves, HC ii. 248, 249, THB 266, 271, JCC 231-240,
244;
his connection with Polk's nomination, AJ 459, MVB 408,
410, HC ii. 251, JCC 243;
sends joint resolution of annexation to Texas, THB 277,
278, LC 224, JCC 253, 254;
his attitude on the Oregon question, HC ii. 280, 282, THB
246, 252, 253, JCC 260-269, 273, 275;
condemns the Mexican war, THB 278, 279, JCC 275-285,
287-291;
his position on Enterprise and Creole cases, HC ii. 170,
DW 279, JCC 203, 209;
claims unqualified right of slavery in the Territories, HC ii.
302-304, DW 290, THB 286, 289, 290, 293, LC 244, WHS
61, JCC 291-328;
attempts to unite South in 1849-1850, THB 151, 288, JCC
82, 146, 147, 218-220, 303, CFA 61, 62, CS 67;
his last speech in the Senate, HC ii. 338-340, LC 278, AL i.
90, WHS 79, 91, JCC 338-347;
his relations with contemporaries, JR 268, 286, 301, AJ
105, 198, 203, 205, MVB 157, HC ii. 207, 226, DW 140,
146, 211, 316, JCC 17, 18, 53, 96, 109;
judgments concerning, GM 308, AG 355, JMon 131-134,
AJ 104, 105, 259, 459, MVB 150, 180, HC ii. 368, DW 55,
66, 195, THB 99, 149, 150, 288-290, 320, LC 194, 280, JCC
55, 60, 74, 75, SPC 10.

INDEX OF NAMES 27
CALLENDER, JAMES T.,
Jeffersonian editor, attacks Washington, TJ 200, 201;
punished under sedition act, TJ 201, 232, JR 101, 136-138;
in Croswell libel suit, AH 236;
quarrels with Jefferson and slanders him, TJ 202, 203.
CAMBRELENG, CHURCHILL C,
New York Democratic politician, A J 198, 303, MVB 157;
joins Barnburners, MVB 419, HC ii. 311.
CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, EARL,
counsel for Penn family, BF 68;
predicts independence of colonies, BF 83;
favors rights of colonies, BF 118, 147, SA 74, 78.
CAMERON, SIMON,
a Democrat in 1840, MVB 379;
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167,
169, 170, WHS 200, 201, 230, TS 112, SPC 181, 187,
188;
favors compromise in 1861, AL i. 197;
secretary of war, AL i. 234, 326, TS 136;
opposes relieving Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, WHS 233;
wishes United States to use negroes during war, AL ii.
5, 8, CS 198;
minister to Russia, AL i. 326 ;
supports Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 260;
opposes annexation of San Domingo, CS 385;
opinions upon, AL i. 197, SPC 177, TS 311, 312.
CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER,
a leader of Virginia bar, PH 360, JMar 33, 45.
CAMPBELL, GEORGE W.,
member of Congress, AG 292, 303, JR 208, 221;
secretary of treasury, AG 312.
CAMPBELL, JUDGE JOHN A.r
acts as intermediary between Seward and the Confederate
commissioners, AL i. 239, 245, WHS 238-253;
resigns from Supreme Court, SPC 324;
on Confederate peace commission, AL ii. 305;
counsel in Slaughter-House Cases, SPC 382.

28 INDEX OF NAMES
CAMPBELL, LEWIS D.,
anti-slavery Whig, LC 250, SPC 156.
CANNING, GEORGE,
negotiates with Jefferson concerning Orders in Council, TJ
266, 267, AG 225, 295, 344, JMon 104;
his attitude on the embargo, TJ 277, 278;
his instructions to Erskine and subsequent repudiation of
Erskine's actions, JMad 273-276;
connected with the Monroe Doctrine, J Mon 173-175;
negotiates with Gallatin in 1826, AG 344, 345, AJ 216, HC
i. 298;
his doctrine of non-intervention quoted by Sumner, CS 251.
CANNING, STRATFORD,
his quarrel with J. Q. Adams, JQA 136-147.
CARLTON, SIR GUY,
see index to Washington.
CARLYLE, THOMAS,
quoted, GW i. 4, 14, 69, 70, 341, ii. 332, DW 188.
CARMICHAEL, WILLIAM,
secretary to Jay in Spain, BF 321, JJ 115, 116;
minister to Spain, GW ii. 165, JJ 127;
on Mississippi commission, GWii. 165, TJ 206;
opinion concerning, BF 220.
CARPENTER, MATTHEW H.,
see index to Sumner.
CARRINGTON, PAUL,
in Virginia politics, PH 74, 200, GW ii. 363.
CARTER, LANDON,
see index to Henry.
CARTWRIGHT, PETER,
backwoods preacher, THB 30, AL i. 73, SPC 4;
defeated for Congress by Lincoln, AL i. 73.
CARY, ARCHIBALD,
see index to Henry.
CASS, JONATHAN,
see index to Cass.
CASS, LEWIS,
see separate index to volume on Cass;

INDEX OF NAMES 29
secretary of war under Jackson, AJ 212, MVB 199, LC
138-165;
revokes order to remove pension funds from Bank, AJ 287;
opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346, LC 154, 155 ;
minister to France, MVB 283, WHS 29, LC 165-176;
asserts American boundary claims, CS 23;
protests against Ashburton treaty, DW 253, LC 177-186,
188-193;
ready far war to retain Oregon, HC ii. 281, JCC 265, LC
226-230;
writes Nicholson letter on squatter sovereignty, MVB 422,
HC ii. 305, JCC 309, WHS 44, LC 235-237;
nominated for President, MVB 424, HC ii. 305, DW 267,
THB 291, AL i. 79, WHS 49, LC 243-245;
refusal of Barnburners to support him, MVB 426, LC 245,
252, SPC 96, CFA 91;
distrusted in the South, HC ii. 309, LC 261;
defeated in election, MVB 431, HC ii. 314, LC 259-264,
SPC 102;
reelected to Senate, HC ii. 330, LC 266, 269, 286;
supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 390, LC
277-285, SPC 129, CS 87;
defeated for renomination, WHS 112, LC 288;
regrets Nebraska bill but supports it, LC 295-297, SPC
137;
defeated for Senate, WHS 150, LC 324;
secretary of state under Buchanan, AL i. 187, LC 328-
345;
wishes to Tesist secession, AL i. 198, LC 341 ;
resigns in disgust, AL i. 198, TS 118, LC 344, CFA 134,
CS 183;
relations with contemporaries, HC i. 257, SPC 168, CS 142,
LC 38, 115, 173, 195, 258, 319, 359;
was he a doughface ? MVB 423, LC 214, 215.
CASTLEREAGH, ROBERT STEWART, VISCOUNT,
announces that England will adhere to Orders in Council,
HC i. 84;

30 INDEX OF NAMES
declines Russian offer of mediation in 1813, AG 304, 311,
JQA 93;
offers to deal directly with United States, AG 312 ;
his policy during peace negotiations, AG 314, 319, 326, JQA
94, 99, HC i. 118;
arranges commercial convention, AG 326;
describes danger of war after Arbuthnot affair, JMon 144;
asks United States to join in mediating between Spain and
its colonies, JMon 170, HC i. 166.
CHANDLER, ZACHARIAH,
in United States Senate, LC 324, AL i. 296, WHS 177, 221,
CS 280;
congratulates Cass on his resignation from Buchanan's cabi
net, LC 345;
denounces conservatives, AL ii. 213, 232;
attacks Sumner for opposing Grant, CS 390, 395.
CHANNING, WILLIAM ELLERY,
his opposition to slavery, SPC 52, CFA 31, 33, 34, CS 15, 31.
CHARLES X.,
Morris's opinion of, during his exile, GM 188, 189, 267;
urged by Jackson to pay American claims, MVB 216, HC
ii. 53;
overthrown in revolution of 1830, AG 370, 372.
CHASE, PHILANDER,
see index to Chase.
CHASE, SALMON P.,
leads Liberty party, HC ii. 255, SPC 91, 92;
a leader at Buffalo Free-Soil Convention, MVB 427, LC
253, SPC 100-102;
elected to Senate by a bargain, LC 264, SPC 106-112, CS
62;
his career in Senate, HC ii. 330, SPC 112-148, CS 98;
refuses to submit to compromise of 1850, HC ii. 345, LC
279, AL i. 90, SPC 124-130;
writes " Appeal of Independent Democrats " against Ne
braska bill, WHS 119, SPC 138-141, CS 106;
has personal controversy with Douglas, WHS 119, SPC
141-143, CS 106;

INDEX OF NAMES 31
candidate for Republican nomination in 1856, WHS 143,
148, SPC 159-161;
favors resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law, SPC 130, CS
121;
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 167-
170, WHS 200, SPC 178-195, CFA 108;
doubtful in regard to compromise in 1860, CFA 150, CS
179, 194, SPC 200, 203, 204, 209, 210;
appointed secretary of the treasury, AL i. 234, WHS 213,
230, SPC 203-206;
wishes to reinforce Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233,
234, SPC 209, 210;
expects a short war, SPC 207, TS 175;
makes loans in 1861, TS 153, SPC 221-237;
reduces Lincoln's estimates, SPC 221, TS 141;
reluctant to urge taxation, SPC 236, 237, TS 143, 175, 176;
struggles to avoid a deficit, SPC 235, TS 142;
practically forces banks to suspend, SPC 222, 230, TS 154-
156;
uses treasury notes, AG 196, 209, SPC 222, 241, 242;
consents to issue of legal-tender notes, SPC 246-251, 288,
289, TS 170;
attempts to restrict gold speculation, SPC 286, TS 208;
organizes National Banks, AG 256, HC ii. 51, SPC 238,
276-282, TS 174, CS 268;
dislikes subordination to Lincoln, AL i. 275, 276, 341 ;
interferes in military affairs, AL i. 324, 325, 330, 341, SPC
211, 212, 214, 224, 292-297, CS 241;
not interfered with by Lincoln, AL i. 170, 171, SPC 291;
his position on the Trent affair, WHS 306, SPC 214, CFA
237, CS 212;
describes Lincoln's reading of emancipation proclamation,
AL ii. 117, 118, 131, WHS 336, SPC 264-269;
has various disagreements with Lincoln leading to his resig
nation, AL ii. 177-179, 247, 250-253, WHS 333, SPC 290,
302-307, CS 236;
attacked by the Blairs, AL ii. 287, SPC 313, 314;

32 INDEX OF NAMES
CHASE, SALMON P. (continued),
candidate of disaffected Republicans in 1864, AL ii. 109,
176, 248-250, SPC 309-312, 314, CS 271;
appointed Chief Justice, AL ii. 298, 299, SPC 321, CS, 278;
admits a negro to bar, SPC 373, CS 278; [291 ;
urges negro suffrage upon Johnson, SPC 331, 335, 339, CS
presides over impeachment of Johnson, SPC 358-361, CS
350;
leaves Republican party, SPC 364, 366, CS 362;
judgments upon, GM 45, HC ii. 330, 347, LC 234, TS 143-
146, CS 86.
CHASE, SAMUEL,
member of Continental Congress, PH 108, 119, JA 110;
opposes federal constitution, PH 330;
as federal judge impeached by Jeffersonians, TJ 232-234,
JQA 36, JR 81, 94-98, 133-150;
opinions concerning, JA 107, TJ 231, 232, JQA 61.
CHATEAUBRIAND, FRANCOIS AUGUSTE, VICOMTE
DE,
French minister under Louis XVIII, AG 340, 341, 346,
JMon 172.
CHATHAM, WILLIAM PITT, EABL OF,
conducts the Seven Years' War, GW i. 93, 94;
opposes the Stamp Act, BF 114, 117, 118, SA 75-79;
advocates rights of the colonies, BF 118, SA 73;
his popularity in the colonies, BF 149, JMon 7;
his illness as member of Rockingham cabinet, BF 148, 150,
SA 88;
his relations with Franklin, BF 74, 196, 198;
considers loss of colonies fatal to England, J J 137;
compared with Webster, DW 181, 196, 199.
CHEVALIER, MICHEL,
his observations on America quoted, AG 278, AJ 364, 404,
MVB 451.
CHEVES, LANGDON,
member of Congress, HC i. 78, 80, DW 47;
manages Bank of United States successfully, AJ 269, 307,
HC i. 352;

INDEX OF NAMES 33
at Free Trade convention of 1831, AG 241 ;
ready for secession in 1831, AJ 261.
CHOATE, RUFUS,
sympathizes with Adams when attacked by Southerners in
Congress, JQA 286;
active in the campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187;
member of Senate, DW 197, 256;
leads conservative Massachusetts Whigs, CFA 60, CS 74;
at National Whig convention of 1852, DW 329.
CHOISEUL, ETIENNE FRANCOIS, DUC DE,
predicts American independence, BF 83;
a liberal in politics, J J 132;
CHURCH, DR. BENJAMIN,
see index to S. Adams.
CISCO, JOHN J.,
assistant treasurer of the United States, AL ii. 253, SPC
217, 220, 250, 315, 316.
CLAIBORNE, W. C. C,
governor of Louisiana, JR 115-118;
in the Creek War, AJ 38, 54;
CLARENDON, GEORGE F. W. VILLIERS, EARL OF,
controversy over his statement in 1854 about Cuba, LC 315;
negotiates treaty with Reverdy Johnson, WHS 392.
CLARKE, GEORGE ROGERS,
conquers the Northwest, SA 12, PH 258-260, 263, TJ
54.
CLAY, CASSHTS M.,
his career as pohtical abolitionist, HC ii. 264, THB vii.
CLAY, HENRY,
studies law in office of Wythe, TJ 7, HC i. 6;
his connection with Burr, MVB 18, HC i. 35-37;
leader of war party in Congress, GM 306, JMad 292, 294,
AJ 34, DW 47, JCC 15, 23, LC 55, HC i. 68-101;
expects easy conquest of Canada in 1812, JMad 294, LC
59, 80, HC i. 79, 97;
on peace commission of 1814, AG 312, 313, JQA 76-92, DW
55, HC i. 102-118;

34 INDEX OF NAMES
CLAY, HENRY (continued),
quarrels with Adams, AG 323, JQA 82, 84, 88, 89, HC i.
110, 112, 113;
career as speaker of House, DW 62, 127, 150, JCC 53, HC
i. 126-221, 253, 254;
disappointed at not receiving State Department under
Monroe, JMon 135, JQA 106, A J 81, HC i. 141;
opposes Monroe's administration, JMonl35, JQA 106, AJ
81, MVB 159, HC i. 146, 147, 149;
condemns Jackson's Florida exploits, JQA 160, AJ 81, 82,
HC i. 153-159; [i. 163;
condemns the Florida treaty, JMon 146, JQA 112, 124, HC
candidate for vice-president in 1820, A J 92;
^ uses his power as speaker to push through Missouri com
promise, JR 269, MVB 90, THB 40, HC i. 178-182, 186-
192;
advocates recognition of independence of Spanish colonies,
JQA 109, 152, JR 135, HC i. 147-149, 165-168, 271;
calls tariff of 1824 the American system, MVB 99, DW 131,
159, JCC 33, THB 53, 81, HC i. 214-221;
candidate for presidency in 1824, AG 358, JMon 157, JQA
169, AJ 108, 115, MVB 115, THB 54, 55, HC i. 202, 204,
228-234;'
secures election of Adams, AG 358, JQA 169, 170, JR 281,
AJ 115, 124, MVB 116, HC i. 236-248;
secretary of state, AG 343, 345, JQA 177, 178, AJ 117, 118,
MVB 123, JCC 62, THB 55, HC i. 249-309;
accused of a corrupt bargain with Adams, JQA 170, 181-
187, JR 282, 283, AJ 117-123, JCC 62, THB 55, HC i.
242-248, 254-257, 276, 282-286;
duel with Randolph, JR 287, AJ 131, THB 56;
supports Panama Congress, AG 342, JR 285, MVB 124,
125, DW 136, THB 57, 58, HC i. 268, 269, 294;
opposes spoils system, JQA 179, AJ 141, 142, HC i. 261,
262, 336, 337, 368, ii. 64-68, 173, 194;
opposes Jackson's policy toward France, DW 224, HC i. 56-
58; ¦--•

INDEX OF NAMES 35
advocates use of public lands for revenue, AJ 234, 380, 381,
MVB 263, 357, THB 133, 137, HC i. 369-373, ii. 23, 100,
192, 211, 224;
pushes through tariff of 1832, AJ 262, 263, DW 207, THB
89, HC i. 360-366;
denounces Gallatin for favoring free trade, AG 242, HC i.
363-365;
creates Whig party, MVB 122, 160, DW 135, THB 78, HC
i. 325-329;
brings Bank into politics, AJ 297, 298, THB 111, HC i.
356-358, 383, 384;
candidate for presidency in 1832, AJ 295, 320, 321, MVB
246, 248, DW 202, THB 89, 116, WHS 13, HC i. 341,
351, 357, 358, 381-384;
his position on Masonry, A J 295, WHS 13, HC i. 343, 344;
opposes Van Buren as minister to England, MVB 230,231;
arranges compromise tariff, JQA 236, AJ 335-338, DW
208-213, 216, 217, THB 94, 95, LC 151, HC ii. 10-20;
loses popularity with protectionists, A J 339;
takes lead in Bank struggle, DW 220, THB 114, 115, 117,
122, HC i. 377, ii. 37;
moves call for Jackson's paper read to Cabinet, AJ 362, HC
ii. 31;
introduces resolutions of censure on Jackson, AJ 363, DW
221, THB 118, HC ii. 32-37;
introduces " distress petitions," MVB 253, HC ii. 38, 39;
his Indian policy, THB 152, HC ii. 59-61;
introduces resolutions on slavery, DW 277, THB 177, 196,
HC ii. 81, 155, 159, 160, 161.
his action on the bill to exclude abolitionist literature from
the mails, MVB 276, HC ii. 85, 86;
refuses to be presidential candidate in 1836, AJ 439, DW
218, HC ii. 97-100;
opposes the expunging resolutions, THB 126, HC ii. 103,
104, 106;
advocates distribution of the surplus, MVB 300, 338, HC ii.
122, 132, 136;

36 INDEX OF NAMES
CLAY, HENRY (continued),
ascribes panic of 1837 to Van Buren's policy, MVB 337, 338,
385, HC ii. 125, 139;
opposes the sub-treasury, MVB 338, THB 178, 181, HC ii.
138-140, 191;
offers resolution to receive notes of solvent banks, THB 179,
HC ii. 143;
has personal debate with Calhoun, AJ 339, MVB 346, THB
98, HC ii. 146, 150;
condemns abolitionists, MVB 269, HC ii. 165-168;
fails to receive Whig nomination in 1839, MVB 378, DW
234, HC ii. 131, 178-183;
his part in campaign of 1840, MVB 382, HC ii. 187-189;
declines Cabinet office under Harrison, DW 234, HC ii. 190;
claims a popular mandate in 1841, THB 212-214, HC ii.
192;
attempts to force the Whig measures through Congress, THB
216, 217, 221, 225, LC 207, 208, HC ii. 205, 206;
denounces Tyler for his vetoes, DW 244, THB 226, HC ii.
207, 208, 214, 216, 220;
arranges with Van Buren to exclude Texas question from
campaign of 1844, MVB 400, HC ii. 243, 244; [250;
nominated for President, DW 251, 253, LC 216, HC ii.
his letters on Texas, MVB 413, LC 212, 220, 221, WHS 44-
47, HC ii. 245, 261, 262;
defeated in 1844, owing to Liberty party, AJ 466, MVB
412, 413, DW 255, THB 257-260, 275, LC 223, WHS
43, 45, 47, SPC 93, CS 33, TS 62, HC ii. 250-269;
calls the Mexican War bill a falsehood, CFA 73, HC ii.
290;
fails to receive Whig nomination, in 1848, MVB 430, DW
265, 266, LC 246, 248, CFA 89, CS 57, HC ii. 292-307;
refuses to support Taylor, WHS 73, HC ii. 308;
dissatisfied with Taylor's message, THB 293;
introduces compromise measures of 1850, MVB 435, 437,
DW 291, 292, JCC 342, THB 294, LC 276, AL i. 89,
WHS 77-79, TS 74, SPC 124, CS 70, HC ii. 329-330;

INDEX OF NAMES 37
his share in the debate, THB 294, 298, LC 281, WHS 83,
92, HC ii. 334-362;
denounces agitation, WHS 102, CS 87, HC ii. 378, 381,
382, 398;
not a candidate for presidency in 1852, DW 328, HC ii.
385, 386;
retires from Senate, CS 89, HC ii. 391;
reasons why he yielded to the South, DW 217, 306, LC
353, 365;
relations with contemporaries, AJ 114, 119, 124, 196, JQA
82, 84, 106, 154, 296, MVB 396, 397, 400, DW 141, 280,
281;
his gaming habits, JQA 103, AJ 108, 109, HC i. 160, 161;
judgments on, AG 356, JQA 141, 153, 296, MVB 21, 465,
DW 195, 302, 345, JCC 3, THB 10, 11, 118, 260, 300,
LC 194, WHS 91, TS 84, 322.
CLAYTON, AUGUSTINE SMITH,
see index to Jackson.
CLAYTON, JOHN M.,
votes for Panama mission, MVB 131;
offers resolutions on nullification, A J 333;
denounces the Bank veto, HC i. 377;
forces Calhoun to vote for the compromise tariff, HC ii.
17, JCC 104;
advocates repeal, of four years' term for civil service, HC
ii. 69;
opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102;
opposes the fourth distribution of surplus, HC ii. 131 ;
declines nomination for vice-presidency, HC ii. 181;
takes part in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187;
introduces compromise measures in 1848, JCC 312;
secretary of state under Taylor, DW 325;
describes the Kansas black code in 1855, CS 133.
CLEMENS, JEREMIAH,
career in Congress, HC ii. 375, TS 102.
CLINTON, DE WITT,
his early legal training, J J 18;

38 INDEX OF NAMES
introduces spoils system into New York, MVB 48-50,
56;
drives Burr out of politics, JR 111, MVB 51;
United States Senator, MVB 51;
rival of Madison for Republican nomination in 1812, JMad
296, JR 212;
nominated by a Federalist convention, A J 294, MVB 58 ;
his career as party leader in New York, MVB 63, 64, 66,
109, WHS 78;
elected Governor, MVB 66, 73;
candidate for President in 1824, JQA 149, AJ 102, HC i.
223;
establishes Erie Canal, MVB 65, WHS 22;
declines mission to England, HC i. 259;
supports Jackson, AJ 111, MVB 109, 156, WHS 6;
removed from office by Albany Regency, AJ 111, MVB
110;
reelected Governor, MVB 110;
judgments upon, JR 231, MVB 58, 147, 148.
CLINTON, GEORGE,
his ancestry, GM 9;
his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 210, 343, JJ 56, 58,
66, 77, GM 59;
elected Governor of New York, JJ 82, 244, GM 59;
leads radical party, J J 206, 246, 247, GM 83, MVB 40;
dreads any strengthening of central government, AH 51,
55, JJ 243, GM 111;
opposes ratification of federal constitution, PH 330, 353,
GW ii. 71, AH 69, 70, 79, JJ 243, GM 144, MVB 5, DW
172;
struggles with Federalists for control of State, AH 80, JJ
244-246;
defeats Jay for Governor by a technicality, JJ 248-250,
GM 284;
candidate for vice-president, JA 251 ;
reelected Governor, JJ 297, 298, JR 231, MVB 41;
orders seizure of French privateers, GW ii. 153;

INDEX OF NAMES 39
protests against spoils system, MVB 48-50;
replaces Burr as vice-president, TJ 239, 241, MVB 43;
defeats recharter of Bank by casting vote, HC i. 66;
plans with Randolph to supplant Madison, JMad 272, JR
212-231;
tries to drive Gallatin from Treasury Department, JR
236;
judgments on, JJ 242, JR 231, MVB 40, GM 111.
CLINTON, SIR HENRY,
his career as British general in Revolutionary War, GW i.
210, 232-238, 248, 265-269, 276, 287, 306-312, JMar. 18,
22.
CLYMER, GEORGE,
member of Continental Congress, AH 35, JMar 53.
COBB, HOWELL,
member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 69;
elected speaker of House in 1849, HC ii. 326, CS 69, TS
70, 71;
calls compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii. 375 ;
secretary of treasury under Buchanan, LC 328, 345, AL i.
187, 198, WHS 208, SPC 220;
advocates secession in 1861, LC 340, AL i. 183, 188, CFA
133, TS 129.
COBB, THOMAS W.,
leader of Crawford party in Georgia, AJ 256, MVB 108.
COBDEN, RICHARD,
visits America during Jackson's administration, AJ 430;
astonished at apathy of North in 1861, CFA 156, 157;
supports the side of the North, CFA 262-265, 336, CS 210;
his death, CFA 371-373;
relations with his contemporaries, CFA 301, 338, CS 247,
252;
Adams's estimate of, CFA 372-376.
COLFAX, SCHUYLEK,
expects Douglas to join Republican party in 1858, AL i.
116, SPC 180;
his career in House, AL i. 297, SPC 285, CS 224, TS 147;

40 INDEX OF NAMES
as speaker announces passage of thirteenth amendment,
AL ii. 326;
career as vice-president, CS 389, 405.
COLLAMER, JACOB,
member of Congress, AL i. 74;
postmaster general under Taylor, HC ii. 321;
his report on Kansas, WHS 158, 159;
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 169;
in United States Senate, AL i. 297.
CONKLING, ROSCOE,
member of Congress, AL i. 297, CFA 109;
his attitude on war measures, TS 147, 160, 165, 192, 216;
on committee on reconstruction, TS 259;
attacks Sumner for opposing Grant, CS 376, 388, 390, 394,
395;
offers C. F. Adams vice-presidency on Grant ticket, CFA
392;
defends War Department against Sumner and Schurz, CS
408.
CONWAY, GENERAL HENRY S.,
opposes Stamp Act, BF 115;
favors cause of colonies, SA 72, BF 115, 117;
suggests treating for peace, BF 284;
moves address against Lord North, JA 209, BF 364.
CONWAY, THOMAS,
his connection with the plot to drive Washington out of
command, GW i. 216-226, PH 250.
COOKE, JAY,
see index to Chase.
COOPER, DR. MYLES,
president of King's College, AH 10, 11, JJ 11, 12.
COOPER, REV. SAMUEL,
Whig leader in Massachusetts, SA 7, 150, 244, 311, BF 138,
180, AG 17.
COOPER, WILLIAM,
see index to S. Adams.
COBNWALLIS, CHARLES, LORD,
in the Trenton campaign, GW i. 175-182;

INDEX OF NAMES 41
in Philadelphia campaign, GW i. 197, 236;
his campaign in the Carolinas, PH 278, GW i. 302, TJ 55,
THB 7;
invades Virginia, PH 279, GW i. 302-308, GM 99, JMar
24, TJ 56, 61;
surrenders at Yorktown, GW i. 308, 316-320, GM 100, 101,
TJ62.
CORWIN, THOMAS,
in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187;
member of Senate, HC ii. 330;
secretary of treasury, HC ii. 355, WHS 93;
chairman of committee on compromise in 1860, CFA 132,
CS 186, 187, TS 121, 126;
makes treaty with Mexico, CS 220;
judgment on, SPC 58, 156.
CRAIG, SIR JAMES,
his connection with Henry letters, JMad 299, 300, HC i.
82.
CRAWFORD, WILLIAM H.,
minister to France, AG 315;
secretary of war, A J 60;
candidate for presidency in 1816, JMon 134, MVB 75;
secretary of treasury, AG 215, JMon 129, A J 64, 359;
introduces four years' term for office-holders, AJ 107, MVB
139, THB 72;
fills offices with personal supporters, JQA 180, HC i. 231,
DW 132, 142;
his attitude on Jackson's Seminole campaign, A J 82, MVB
185;
opposes tariff of 1824, MVB 103;
his rivalry with Calhoun, AJ 106, 197, 198, MVB 157, JCC
53, 56;
candidate for President in 1824, AG 356-358, JMon 157,
JQA 158-160, 169, 173, JR 213, AJ 110, 111, 115, 116,
MVB 94, 95, 113, 114, HC i. 223-239, DW 141-143, JCC
56, 57, THB 54, 55;
attacked by paralysis, AG 357, JQA 170, A J 108;

42 INDEX OF NAMES
appointed circuit judge, AJ 128, 130;
refuses Treasury Department, A J 141, HC i. 249;
opposes nullification, A J 256;
betrays Calhoun to Jackson, AJ 199-205, MVB 186, JCC
87-90, LC 133;
opinions concerning, AG 355, JMon 133, 134, JQA 112,
113, 154-158, JR 55, A J 81, 106-108, MVB 106, 107,
HC i. 223, JCC 56.
CRITTENDEN, JOHN J„
says Calhoun was frightened into Compromise of 1833, AJ
338;
opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102;
opposes distribution of fourth installment of surplus, HC ii.
136;
attorney-general under Harrison, HC ii. 191;
succeeds Clay in Senate, HC ii. 225;
his share in Oregon debate, LC 228;
considers Clay an impossible candidate in 1848, HC ii. 293;
attorney general under Fillmore, HC ii. 356;
opposes Lecompton constitution, WHS 183;
offers compromise resolutions in 1860, AL i. 202, WHS 215,
216, CS 187, 192;
offers resolution defining purpose of war, AL ii. 4, CS 206,
TS 148;
opposes Lincoln's plan for compensated emancipation, AL
ii. 22.
CROCKETT, DAVY,
writes life of Van Buren, MVB 251;
his death at the Alamo, MVB 358, THB 30.
CURTIS, BENJAMIN R.,
supports compromise of 1850, CS 74;
dissents from Dred Scott decision, AL j. 103, WHS 170,
171, CS 165;
counsel for Johnson in impeachment case, CS 348, TS 338,
340.
CURTIS, EDWARD,
gee index to Clay.

INDEX OF NAMES 43
CURTIS, GEORGE TICKNOR,
his biography of Webster quoted, AJ 338, CFA 83, JCC
75, DW passim.
CUSHTNG, CALEB,
denounces Van Buren in 1837, MVB 336;
defends Adams against proposed censure, JQA 276;
on mission to China, DW 254;
leads Democratic opposition to election of Sumner, CS 82;
his opinion on Trent affair, CS 209;
mentioned for chief justice in 1874, CS 429;
relations with contemporaries, JQA 289, CS 346, 371.
CUSHING, THOMAS,
his career as mouthpiece of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 83,
84, 104, 110, 121, 150, 176, 190, 197, 243, 267;
his connection with Hutchinson letters affair, BF 180;
member of Continental Congress, SA 265, 267, 282, 300,
309, PH 174, JA 52, 62;
favors conciliation, SA 213, 215, 307;
opposes giving Washington command, JA 95;
opinions concerning, SA 319, 320.
CURTIS, JOHN,
see index to Washington.
DALLAS, ALEXANDER J.,
his ancestry and early life, AG 58;
as secretary of Pennsylvania protests against Genet's course
in "Little Sarah" affair, GW ii. 155, AG 51;
his part in whiskey rebellion, AG 92;
throws up brief in Fries trial, JR 100;
acting secretary of war, AJ 58;
secretary of treasury, AG 215, 236 ;
proposes National Bank and protective tariff, AG 265, HC
i. 130, 132.
DALLAS, GEORGE M.,
connected with peace negotiations of 1814, AG 301, 310, 311,
318;
withdraws Calhoun's name from presidential canvass in
1824, A J 112;

44 INDEX OF NAMES
presents memorial of Bank for recharter, A J 300;
in nullification debate, THB 81;
elected vice-president, MVB 411, HC ii. 252, LC 217;
minister to England, LC 334, WHS 280, 282;
tries to prevent recognition of Confederacy by England,
CFA 157, 158, 169, 171.
DALRYMPLE, COLONEL WILLIAM,
see index to S. Adams.
DANA, FRANCIS,
minister to Russia, JMon 130, JQA 13;
declines special mission to France, JA 277, JMar 100;
relations with contemporaries, BF 342, 345, CFA 3, 4.
DARTMOUTH, WILLIAM LEQGE, EARL OF,
succeeds Hillsborough as secretary of state, BF 165;
shows friendly attitude toward colonies, BF 166, SA 213;
objects to Massachusetts resolves, BF 167, 168;
his dealings with Hutchinson, SA 256, 335.
DAVIS, DAVID,
member of Illinois bar, AL i. 68; Lincoln's political mana
ger, AL i. 90, 197;
appointed to Supreme Court, SPC 325;
his opinion in various cases, SPC 347, 387.
DAVIS, GARRETT,
member of Senate, AL i. 297, ii. 16, CS 420.
DAVIS, HENRY WINTER,
opposes recognition of Hayti and Liberia, CS 222;
introduces reconstruction bill of 1864, AL ii. 230, 231, TS
234;
denounces Lincoln, AL ii. 234, WHS 370;
opposes Lincoln's renomination, AL ii. 265, CS 271;
opinions upon him, TS 316.
DAVTS, JEFFERSON,
his career in Mississippi, THB 194, WHS 105;
leads Southern radicals in opposition to compromise of 1850,
HC ii. 330, 334, 344, 350, THB 300, AL i. 89, 90, SPC
128, WHS 88, 89;
secretary of war under Pierce, SPC 132, AL i. 303;

INDEX OF NAMES 45
persuades Pierce to favor Nebraska bill, WHS 118;
his opinion on squatter sovereignty, LC 294, 295, WHS
188, CS 171;
approves Brooks' assault on Sumner, CS 150, 151;
refuses fellowship to Douglas, SPC 178;
plots secession, WHS 209, 217;
repudiates compromise in 1860, AL i. 204;
President of Confederate States, AL i. 205, 206, TS 129,
130, CS 182;
his conduct of military affairs, AL i. 238, 241, 242, 303, ii.
283, WHS 283, 289;
his policy toward border States, AL i. 266, 267, 353, ii. 154;
expects to coerce England through cotton, CFA 159-163;
issues letters of marque, CFA 171, AL i. 282;
praised in England, CFA 280, CS 249;
his capture, AL ii. 330, 334;
tries to treat for peace, AL ii. 304, 305, WHS 276;
suspected of connection with Booth's plot, AL ii. 352;
failure of attempt to try for treason, AL ii. 340, SPC 352-
354, CS 303, 318;
judgments upon him, GM 314, THB 145, 288, CFA 280.
DAVIS, JOHN,
career in Senate, JQA 296, HC ii. 330, LC 232, CS 45;
nominated for vice-president, HC ii. 230.
DAVIS, REUBEN,
leads secessionists in House in 1861, CFA 133, CS 186, 187.
DAYTON, JONATHAN,
in 1794, moves confiscation of British debts, JJ 264;
Democratic leader of House, AG 98, 104, 132, 134;
gives public dinner to Monroe, JMon 67;
joins Federalists after XYZ affair, AG 149, 158;
his connections with Burr, AG 104, JR 155, 219.
DAYTON, "WILLIAM L.,
Republican candidate for vice-presidency in 1856, LC 322,
ALi. 101;
candidate for nomination in 1860, AL i. 167, 169, 170;
minister to France, CFA 144.

46 INDEX OF NAMES
DEANE, SILAS,
member of Continental Congress, PH 114, 115, 173, 174, JA
103, 108, J J 40;
envoy to France, BF 222, 224, 269, J J 44, 133, TJ 66;
joins with plans of Beaumarchais, BF 230, JJ 96, 133,
134;
sends European officers to America, BF 242, GW i. 190;
'slandered to Congress by Lee and Paine, BF 238, 239, JA
146, 148, GM81;
recalled in disgrace, BF 223, 289;
abandons cause of colonies, BF 223, 240;
relations with contemporaries, BF 238, 240, 243, 290, 399, J J
98, GM81;
judgments on, BF 220, 222, J J 97, 98.
DEARBORN, GENERAL HENRY, ,
career in War of 1812, JMad 308, LC 82, 83.
DE GRASSE, FRANCOIS JOSEPH PAUL, COMTE,
see index to Washington.
DELANCEY FAMILY,
Tory leaders in New York, GW i. 306, GM 14, 18, 19, 38,
JJ 64, 65, 121, 203.
DERBY, E. G. STANLEY, EARL OP,
travels in United States, DW 147;
in English politics, MVB 123, CFA 304, 388.
DE ROCHAMBEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE, COMTE,
see index to Washington.
D'ESTAING, CHARLES HECTOR, COMTE,
see index to Washington.
DE TOCQUEVILLE, ALEXIS,
his opinions on America quoted, SA 384, 386, MVB 25.
DE "WITT, ALEXANDER,
Free-soil member of Congress, SPC 139, CS 106.
DEXTER, SAMUEL,
secretary of war, J A 310, JMar 148;
secretary of treasury, AG 177, 181 ;
his legal career, JMar 169, DW 29, 35;
judgments on, JMar 169, DW 29.

INDEX OF NAMES 47
DICKERSON, MAHLON,
opposes Panama Congress, MVB 129, 131;
votes for tariff of 1828, MVB 143;
secretary of navy under Jackson and Van Buren, MVB
283;
relations with Cass, LC 202.
DICKINSON, DANIEL S.,
at Democratic national convention of 1844, MVB 408, 411;
accuses Webster of mismanagement of State Department,
DW 260;
leads Hunker faction of New York Democrats, MVB 415,
HC ii. 304;
aided by Polk's distribution of offices, MVB 417;
author of doctrine of squatter sovereignty, MVB 422, HC
ii. 303, JCC 309, LC 235;
advocate of compromise of 1850, MVB 437;
candidate for Republican vice-presidential nomination in
1864, AL ii. 264.
DICKINSON, JOHN,
defends proprietors of Pennsylvania and attacks Franklin,
BF 94, 97, 98;
writes Farmer's letters, SA 98;
leads moderates in Continental Congress, BF 206, SA 311,
PH 105, 106, 117, 118, J A 87, 102, 125, J J 18, 44, TJ 24;
loses control of Pennsylvania, SA 312;
quarrels with Adams, JA 101, 107;
at battle of Monmouth, GW i. 236;
judgments on, SA 324, JA 87, JJ 10, 44.
DINWIDDLE, ROBERT,
see index to Washington.
DISRAELI, BENJAMIN,
his foreign policy, MVB 126;
considers free trade mere expediency, DW 164;
opposes English intervention in Civil War, CFA 302;
denounces indirect claims for Alabama damages, CFA 387.
DIX, JOHN A.,
at Democratic convention of 1840, MVB 379;

48 INDEX OF NAMES
leads Barnburners, MVB 415, 423, 429, HC ii. 304, 311;
talks about possible secession of New York in 1860, AL
i. 97;
as secretary of treasury, orders flag protected, AL i. 200,
201, WHS 209.
DIXON, ARCHIBALD,
moves repeal of Missouri compromise, LC 293, AL i. 94,
CS 103;
said to have been instigated by Seward, WHS 123, 126, 127.
DIXON, JAMES,
member of Senate, SPC 305, CS 219.
DODGE, AUGUSTUS CAESAR,
introduces bill to organize Nebraska, WHS 124, CS 102.
DODGE, HENRY,
declines Barnburner nomination for vice-president, MVB
427, LC 251;
opposes Nebraska bill, SPC 145.
DOOLITTLE, JAMES R.,
his career in Senate, AL i. 297, CS 263, 305.
DOUGLAS, STEPHEN A.,
his early career in Illinois, AL i. 43, 61, 63, 68, 77;
proposes application of Missouri compromise line to Texas,
HC ii. 272;
moves application of Missouri compromise to Oregon, DW
286;
supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 330, 350,
SPC 129, CS 66, 87;
candidate for Democratic nomination in 1852, LC 288;
introduces Kansas-Nebraska bill, LC 293, 294, AL i. 95,
WHS 117-128, SPC 133-147, CS 104-106;
his doctrine of popular sovereignty, AL i. 107;
his quarrel with Chase, SPC 109, 134-145, CS 106;
his unpopularity in North, LC 295, AL i. 95;
meets Lincoln in debate, AL i. 95, 96;
denounces Know- Nothings, WHS 138;
censures Emigrant Aid Society for causing Kansas troubles,
WHS 158, 159, SPC 171, CS 136, 137;

INDEX OF NAMES .49
his controversy with Sumner in 1856, LC 318-320, WHS
119, 163, CS 140-144;
candidate for Democratic nomination in 1856, AL i. 101;
opposes Lecompton constitution, AL i. 106, 108, 109, WHS
177, 178, SPC 174, CS 160, 167;
movement to make him Republican candidate, AL i. 116,
117, SPC 174, 180, CS 176;
repudiated by South, AL i. 164, 165, WHS 177, 188, SPC
107, TS 111;
his campaign against Lincoln in 1858, AL i. 113-149, CS
169;
candidate for presidency in 1860, LC 338, AL i. 163, 164,
174, 175, 178, WHS 193, SPC 196, CS 176;
offers support to Lincoln after fall of Fort Sumter, AL i.
251, SPC 254;
judgments upon, AL i. 106, 113-149, SPC 131, 136, 150,
TS 111.
DRAYTON, WILLIAM H,
urged by Jackson for War Department, JMon 137, AJ 60,
61, 212.
DUANE, JAMES,
Whig leader in New York, SA 280, JJ 17, 26;
in Continental Congress, PH 108, 115, 172, JJ 29, 30, 39;
slow to favor independence, JA 120, JJ 49, 54;
in New York politics, JJ 74, 94;
favors ratification of Constitution, GM 144.
DUANE, WILLIAM,
abuses Gallatin in " Aurora," AG 286, 297, JR 236;
adjutant-general, AG 299;
opinions on, JR 212, 213, 231, AG 286.
DUANE, WILLIAM J.,
secretary of treasury under Jackson, AJ 345, 346, HC ii.
27;
objects to Kitchen Cabinet, A J 347, 348, HC ii. 28;
refuses to remove deposits from Bank, AJ 349-351, HC ii.
27, 28, LC 154;
declines to let Jackson assume responsibility, AJ 354, HC
ii. 29;

50 INDEX OF NAMES
dismissed, A J 341, HC ii. 29;
attacks Jackson's policy, AJ 354, 355.
DUER, WILLIAM,
leader of Whigs in New York, J J 58, 60, 61;
joins Republicans, MVB 73.
DUMOURIEZ, CHARLES FRANCOIS,
see index to Morris.
DUNMORE, JOHN MURRAY, EARL OF,
Governor of Virginia, GW i. 122;
has controversies with Virginian House of Burgesses, PH
97, GW i. 133, TJ 17;
makes campaign against Indians, PH 131;
seizes gunpowder and is forced by Henry to pay for it, PH
156, 160, JMar 12;
his campaign to retain the colonial government, PH 162-
166, 178, 179, JMar 12-17.
DUVALL, GABRIEL,
member of Supreme Court, DW 84, 93, AJ 423.
EARLY, GENERAL JUBAL A.,
see index to Lincoln.
EATON, JOHN H.,
favors Missouri compromise, HC i. 184;
leads Canning to suspect a plot to seize Oregon, JQA 140;
circulates story of Adams's and Clay's bargain, AJ 118, HC
i. 246;
party manager for Jackson, AJ 133, 191;
supports tariff of 1828, MVB 143;
secretary of war, AJ 182, MVB 174, HC i. 330;
member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 187;
his marriage and the ensuing scandal, AJ 193, 194, 211,
MVB 181, LC 137;
aids Lewis to betray Calhoun, A J 199, MVB 186;
withdraws pension funds from branch banks, A J 274, 287;
forced to support Van Buren for vice-president, AJ 317,
HC i. 380;
resigns from Cabinet, AJ 209, MVB 199, LC 136 ;

INDEX OF NAMES 51
Governor of Florida, AJ 212, LC 138;
minister to Spain, AJ 212, MVB 199;
a Whig in 1840, AJ 212, MVB 387.
EDMUNDS, GEORGE F.,
see index to Sumner.
EDWARDS, NINIAN,
in Illinois politics, AL i. 51, 68;
accuses Crawford of corruption, AJ 106, 107, DW 132,
142.
EDWARDS, S. PRICE,
see index to C. F. Adams.
ELIOT, SAMUEL A.,
defeats Sumner in congressional election, HC 366, CS 73
ELLMAKER, AMOS,
Anti-Masonic candidate for vice-president, AJ 294, 321,
MVB 246, HC i. 344.
ELLSWORTH, OLIVER,
in continental Congress, JMad 30;
his cynical attitude on slavery iu Federal Convention, GM
138, 139, JMad 102, 103;
member of Senate, AG 61;
envoy to France, PH 412, JA 298, 301.
ELY, REV. EZRA S.,
his controversy with Jackson, AJ 195, MVB 181.
EMERSON, RALPH WALDO,
see index to Sumner.
ERSKINE, DAVID M.,
as English minister receives Monroe treaty, JMon 100, JR
210;
makes treaty favorable to United States, JMad 272-274,
AG 295;
his treaty repudiated and himself recalled, JMad 275, 276,
HC i. 73.
EUSTIS, DR. WILLIAM,
secretary of war under Madison, JMon 107;
approves Hull's proclamation, LC 64;
blamed for military disasters of 1812, JMon 111 ;

52 INDEX OF NAMES
negotiates with Dutch about a commercial treaty, AG 333;
offers resolution admitting Missouri on conditions, HC i.
186.
EVARTS, WILLIAM M.,
at Republican convention of 1860, AL i. 171 ;
on special mission to England, CFA 354-356, CS 245;
candidate for chief justiceship, SPC 320, 321 ;
counsel for Johnson in impeachment case, CS 348, TS
338, 339.
EVERETT, ALEXANDER H.,
editor of "North American Review," AJ 361, CFA 18.
EVERETT, EDWARD,
proposed as commissioner to Greece, DW 130, 131;
considers slavery as necessary, CS 38, 39;
connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 14;
defends the Bank, A J 368;
his share in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187;
minister to England, DW 246;
declines mission to China, DW 254;
supports compromise of 1850, CS 74;
elected to Senate, CS 97;
nominated for vice-president, LC 339, AL i. 166, WHS
193;
on seizure of Mason and Slidell, CS 209;
delivers Gettysburg oration, AL ii. 213, 214;
relations with contemporaries, JQA 242, CFA 13, 42, 141.
EWING, THOMAS,
his career in Senate, HC i. 377, ii. 37, 62, 69, 102, 103, SPC
156;
in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 107;
secretary of treasury under Tyler, HC ii. 191, 209, 269;
resigns, HC ii. 214.
FAIRFAX FAMILY, of Virginia,
GW i. 55-66, 115, 124, ii. 367, GM 207, JMar 3.
FARRAGUT, DAVID G.,
his career in Civil War, AL i. 358, 359, ii. 284;

INDEX OF NAMES 53
" swings around the circle " with Johnson, TS 281 ;
judgments upon, GM 45, 102, 283, THB 287.
FAUCHET, JEAN ANTOINE JOSEPH,
French minister to United States, AH 177;
his dealings with Edmund Randolph, GW ii. 195, 196, 202,
AG 103, 134.
FAUQUIER, FRANCIS,
Governor of Virginia, PH 86, GW i. 101, TJ 7.
PESSEMDEN, WILLIAM PITT,
at Young Men's Convention, 1832, HC i. 381 ;
in the debate on the Nebraska bill, SPC 145;
condemns Seward's vote on bill to coerce Mormons, WHS
185;
supports Chase's financial plans, SPC 235, CS 268;
on the status of seceded States, CS 219;
secretary of treasury, AL ii. 253, 254, SPC 318;
reluctant to oppose Johnson, CS 295;
reports Reconstruction Act, TS 273;
supports fourteenth amendment, CS 311;
opposes Alaska treaty, CS 338;
his position iu the Johnson impeachment trial, CS 348, TS
345;
his death, CS 373, 377.
FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY,
opposes annexation of Texas but votes for Polk, MVB 415,
HC ii. 259;
leader of Barnburners, MVB 418, 425;
holds legal tender notes constitutional, SPC 389.
FIELD, STEPHEN J.,
see index to Chase.
FILLMORE, MILLARD,
nominated for vice-president, HC ii. 306, LC 278, WHS
49;
becomes President, his Cabinet, HC ii. 355, 356, DW 324,
CFA 99, CS 72;
aids passage of compromise measures, MVB 435, 437, HC
ii. 355, 356, LC 282, 287, WHS 93, 95;

54 INDEX OF NAMES
candidate for Whig nomination in 1852, DW 329;
Know-Nothing candidate for presidency in 1856, MVB 445,
LC 322, AL i. 101, WHS 149;
judgments on, MVB 463, HC ii. 355.
FINDLEY, "WILLIAM,
connected with whiskey insurrection, AG 71, 78, 83, 86,
89, 90;
member of Congress, JR 185, 209, MVB 131.
PISH, HAMILTON,
elected to Senate, WHS 101, CS 89;
votes against repeal of Fugitive Slave Act, CS 92;
secretary of state, CFA 388, CS 363;
negotiates about Alabama claims, CS 370, CFA 388;
consults Adams and Sumner, CFA 389, CS 364, 369;
opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369;
his connection with San Domingo treaties, CS 379, 385;
quarrels with Sumner, CS.393-396.
FITZHERBERT, ALLEYNE,
his connection with treaty of 1783, BF 372, JJ 156, 164,
167, 192, 194, 198, 200.
FLAGG, AZARIAH,
in New York Democratic politics, MVB 411, 415, HC ii.
312.
PLAHAUT, MADAME DE,
see index to Morris.
FLORIDA-BLANCA, JOSEPH MONINO, COMTE DE,
see index to John Jay.
FLOYD, JOHN,
leads extreme Southern party in Missouri struggle, HC i.
190,191;
defeated for Senate, JR 284;
attacks Adams's administration, HC i. 279, 280;
receives electoral vote of South Carolina in 1832, AJ 320,
MVB 248, HC i. 383.
FLOYD, JOHN B.,
secretary of war under Buchanan, LC 328, AL i. 187,
WHS 209;

INDEX OF NAMES 55
aids secessionists, LC 340, AL i. 199, CS 183;
accused of corruption, AL i. 199;
resigns on Fort Sumter question, AL i. 199, CS 184;
commands at Fort Donelson, AL i. 354.
FOOTE, HENRY S.,
in United States Senate, HC ii. 330, LC 272;
in 1850, moves to refer all slavery questions to a select
committee, HC ii. 347, DW 292;
his opinion on Nashville Convention, JCC 322-324;
leads Union party in Mississippi, WHS 105;
his quarrel with Benton, THB 286.
FOOTE, SAMUEL A.,
offers resolution on public lands, AJ 233, DW 168, THB
70.
FORSTER, WILLIAM E.,
friendly to United States, CFA 156, 157, 263;
thinks United States wishes war in 1861, CFA 188;
relations with Adams and Sumner, CFA 216, 217, 264, 287,
CS 159.
FORSYTH, JOHN,
War Republican in Congress, DW 47;
denounces Adams's attitude on Georgia Indians, DW 137;
moves for a committee to investigate bargain story about
Clay, HC i. 249;
secretary of state, AG 378, MVB 255, 283, A J 407, 408;
his conduct in Caroline affair, WHS 27, 28.
FOSTER, AUGUSTUS J.,
British minister to United States, JMad 307, JMon 108,
109, HC i. 84;
tries to prevent outbreak of war in 1812, JMad 307, 308.
FOX, CHARLES JAMES,
during Revolution communicates with Franklin, BF 271;
attacks North for permitting French alliance with colonies,
BF281;
in Rockingham cabinet tries to negotiate with United
States, BF 365, 366, JA 210;
willing to acknowledge independence, BF 367, GM 107, JJ
156, 197, 198;

56 INDEX OF NAMES
retires from Shelburne's cabinet, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 154;
his ministry of 1806, TJ 257, GM 202, JMon 90, 100;
compared with various Americans, AG 32, MVB 154, HC
i. 327, DW 181, 196, 340.
FOX, GUSTAVUS V.,
plans to relieve Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 247, WHS 233-
236;
his share in success of Navy Department, WHS 231;
urges purchase of Laird rams, CFA 321 ;
urges annexation of St. Thomas, WHS 394.
FOX, HENRY S.,
British minister, in McLeod case, DW 239, 242, WHS
27-29;
in boundary controversy, DW 246.
FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN,
provides wagons for Braddock's expedition, GW i. 184, BF
50-55;
expects submission to Stamp Act, SA 46, BF 106;
wishes colonies represented in Parliament, SA 58, BF 49,
128;
his examination at bar of Commons, SA 28, 79, BF 119-
124;
hears debate on declaratory resolution, SA 72;
agent for Massachusetts, SA 169, 170, BF 138;
opposes independence, SA 170, 171, 310, 335, BF 169, 171,
197;
unpopular in New England, SA 169, 170, BF 146, 193, 194;
secures Hutchinson letters, SA 199-202, BF 177-192;
suggests a continental Congress, SA 212, 213;
suggests compensation for tea, SA 239, 246;
member of second continental Congress, PH 174, 175, JJ
44, TJ 23, 33, 34, BF 208-218;
on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, SA
313, 314, JA 123, 124, TJ 29, 30, BF 212;
minister to France, JA 147, 166, GM 77, JJ 114, TJ 66, 70,
LC 169, BF 219-400;
his relations with Adams, JA 147, 177-180, 186, JJ 144,
183, BF 294, 296, 337, 338, 355, 391;

INDEX OF NAMES 57
soothes Vergennes when irritated by Adams, JA 177, BF
350-354;
helps Jay out of financial difficulties, JJ 119-124, BF 307,
321,322,333,335;
tries to resign, JJ 127, BF 348;
member of Peace Commission, GM 104, JJ 127, 147, BF
363;
begins negotiations with Oswald and Grenville, J J 149, 150,
BF 364-372;
does not insist on preliminary recognition of independence
in commission, JA 212, JJ 157, BF 373;
wishes to negotiate in concert with Vergennes, JA 216, JJ
159, 162, 164, BF 373;
has confidence in Vergennes, JJ 161, 169, 172, 184, BF
373-378, 394;
yields to Adams and Jay, JA 216, GM 104, JJ 187, JQA
13, BF 379;
on British debts and compensation to loyalists, JJ 155, 180,
181, 194, BF 381, 382;
question as to his share in credit of treaty, GM 107, JJ 186,
200, BF 392, 393;
censured by Congress, AH 36, 37, BF 388;
pacifies Vergennes, J J 196, BF 387-394;
commissioned to make commercial treaty, JA 224, BF 396;
in Federal Convention, GW ii. 35, GM 115, MVB 4, BF
407-411;
favors decentralized government, GM 119, BF 408;
signs anti-slavery petition to Congress, JMad 152, 153, HC
i. 31, BF415;
opinions on, SA 169, 239, 324, 325, GW i. 257, ii. 8, 309,
344, 346, 364, JA 166-172, GM 45, JJ 152, 184, 185, TJ
204, AG 389.
FRANKLIN, WILLIAM,
see index to Franklin.
FRANKLIN, GENERAL WILLIAM B.,
see index to Lincoln.
PRELINGHUYSEN, FREDERICK T.,
see index to Sumner.

58 INDEX OF NAMES
FRELINGHUYSEN, THEODORE,
votes for repeal of four year term law, HC ii. 69;
candidate for vice-president, HC ii. 250, 266, LC 216.
FREMONT, JOHN C,
on Oregon expedition, HC ii. 239, 279, 285, THB 250;
Republican candidate in 1856, MVB 445, THB 313, LC
322, AL i. 101, WHS 143-149, SPC 160, 161, CFA 102,
CS 157;
proposed by Lincoln for French mission, CFA 144;
his career in Civil War, AL i. 349, 350, ii. 35, 54, 56, 74;
issues proclamation freeing slaves, AL ii. 6, 7; SPC 256,
CS 198;
nominated for President in 1864, AL ii. 255-259;
attacked by Blair family, AL ii. 287, TS 313;
opinions on, MVB 441, THB 321, LC 323, AL i. 349, 350,
CFA 107, 108.
FRENEAU, PHILIP,
aided by Jefferson and Madison to establish " Gazette,"
GW ii. 227, 228, AH 142, TJ 119, 120, 121, 124, 125,
JMad 168-171;
attacks leading Federalists, GWii. 227, 238, AH 141, JMad
170, 171;
attacked by Hamilton, AH 143, 144;
upholds Genet, AH 168.
FRIES, JOHN,
his trial, TJ 232, JR 98-100;
pardoned by Adams, JA 311, JR 100, 143, 144.
GADSDEN, CHRISTOPHER,
leads radicals before Revolution, BF 107, 111, SA 306;
in continental Congress, PH 104, 105, 108, 112, 175.
GAGE, GENERAL THOMAS,
his career as Governor of Massachusetts, SA 91, 113, 241-
303, GW i. 126;
his controversy with Washington over treatment of prison
ers, GW i. 145-147, 156.
GAINES, GENERAL EDMUND PENDLETON,
causes Seminole War, AJ 66-69;

INDEX OF NAMES 59
ordered to seize St. Augustine, A J 80, HC i. 151;
ordered by Adams to protect Creeks, AJ 222;
ordered by Jackson to enter Texas, AJ 419, HC ii. 91.
GALLATIN, ALBERT,
his connection with whiskey rebellion, GW ii. 129, AG 48-
55, 62-96;
Republican leader in Congress, AH 202, JMar 143-146,
TJ 155, JR 40, 43, 69, AG 106-168;
opposes Alien and Sedition acts, JMad 233, AG 152, 157,
158;
secretary of treasury, TJ 288, JMad 252, 275, 317, JMon
107, JR 50, 234, 235, AJ 48, 360, AG 170-300;
urged by Jefferson to reduce public debt, TJ 288, AG 184,
188;
criticizes Jefferson's lack of system, JR 83, AG 188, 283;
arranges Yazoo settlement, JR 103, 109;
makes report on internal improvements, HC i. 46, AG 224,
290;
makes report on manufactures, HC i. 55-57;
intrigue against in 1811, TJ 288, JR 112, 233, 236, HC i.
64, AG 294, 295, 297;
fails to get Bank rechartered, HC i. 63, 64, AG 234, 252-
256, 260, 262, 296;
tries to resign, JR 237-240, AG 231, 296;
dissuades Madison from making Clay commander in War
of 1812, HC i. 88;
Peace Commissioner, JQA 75, 76, AJ 48, HC i. 100, 101,
AG 301-326 ;
tries to induce the Czar to mediate, HC i. 106, AG 307,
308, 313, 315;
warns Madison of British preparations, AJ 49, AG 308,
316-318;
acts as peacemaker between his colleagues, JQA 77, 82,
HC i. 110, 113, AG 322, 323;
supplants Adams in drafting papers, JQA 82, AG 319;
negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98, HC i. 123, 124,
AG 326, 327;

60 INDEX OF NAMES
GALLATIN, ALBERT (continued),
no longer holds Jeffersonian principles, JR 252, AG 356;
minister to France, JMon 172, JCC 257, AG 331-341;
wishes United States to aid Greece, HC i. 209;
candidate for vice-presidency, AJ 110, MVB 114, HC i.
232, AG 357, 358;
declines Panama mission, HC i. 293, AG 342;
minister to England, MVB 219, 231, HC i. 298-301, AG
342-348;
writes address for Free Trade Convention of 1831, AJ 261,
HC i. 359, AG 241, 242;
denounced by Clay, HC i. 363-365, AG 242; [275;
aids in resumption of specie payments, HC ii. 143, AG 273-
relations with contemporaries, PH 16, 17, JMon 115, JA
64, JR55, HC i. 365, ii. 36;
judgments on, GM 89, TJ 288, JR 69, AJ 48, 49, HC i.
364, 365.
GALLOWAY, JOSEPH,
opposes proprietary party in Pennsylvania, BF 94-97;
in continental Congress, PH 105, 108;
proposes a scheme for colonial union, SA 287, PH 115,
JJ35.
GAMBLER, LOBD,
on English Peace Commission at Ghent, AG 316, JQA 76,
86, 91, HC i. 165;
negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98.
GARDOQUI, DIEGO,
negotiates with Jay concerning navigation of Mississippi,
PH 307, 308, JJ 208, 209, JMad 79.
GARFIELD, JAMES A.,
representative of Western Reserve, LC 255, 258;
in Congress during war, CS 355;
counsel for Milligan, SPC 345;
his relations with Chase, SPC 214, 295, 421.
GARLAND, HUGH A.,
clerk of House during organization contest of 1839, JQA
290-293, MVB 375, 376.

INDEX OF NAMES 61
GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD,
advocates immediate emancipation, HC ii. 72, JCC 121,
SPC 36, CS 37;
mobbed in Boston, HC ii. 75, LC 178, CFA 29, CS 39;
his view as to power of Congress over slavery, JQA 264,
MVB 272;
advocates disunion, GM 312, CFA 75;
has few followers in West, SPC 36;
ceases to be influential by 1844, CFA 58;
welcomes secession, SPC 199;
his attitude toward public men, AL i. 177, ii. 256, CS 91,
415;
opinions upon, SA 336, GM 312, MVB 273, HC ii. 77, SPC
50, 54, CFA 58, 59.
GATES, HORATIO,
fails to aid Washington at Trenton, GW i. 180;
captures Burgoyne, BF 272, 280, 298, GW i. 208-211, AH
18, GM 62-64, JJ 319;
tries to supplant Washington, PH 242-250, GW i. 215-226,
AH 19;
defeated at Camden, PH 277, GW i. 268, 281, 294, TJ 55;
opinions on, GW i. 132, GM 63-65.
GEARY, JOHN W.,
governor of Kansas Territory, LC 324, 325, WHS 157, 172.
GENET, EDMOND CHARLES,
French minister to United States, GW ii. 148, AH 164, TJ
132, JMad 199;
his journey to Philadelphia, GW ii. 151, AH 165, JMad
200, JMar 94;
violates neutrality, GW ii. 151-157, AH 165, 166, JJ 257,
JMar 93, 95, TJ 133, 135, 139, 141;
demands money, GW ii. 153, AH 167, 168, TJ 139;
plans to invade Mexico, GW ii. 161;
upheld by Jefferson and Madison, PH 397, AH 167, TJ
138, 142, JMad 200-202;
threatens to appeal from Washington to the people, GW
ii. 159, 160, AH 168-170, JJ 258, JMar 95;

62 INDEX OF NAMES
his recall demanded, GW ii. 158, GM 254, JMar 95, TJ
142, JMad 207, 209, JMon 42;
remains in America, GW ii. 158;
effect of his career upon parties, GW ii, 237, 241, JA 252,
AH 172, TJ 141, JMad 201, 207, AG 57, 102, 134;
judgments upon, GW ii. 149, AH 165.
GEORGE III.,
brings about peace of 1763, BF 78;
dismisses Grenville, BF 114;
hates Shelburne, BF 148, 150;
his responsibility for England's policy toward colonies, SA
92, GM7;
attempts to buy off American leaders, BF 358;
his bitterness toward America after war, JA 229, 230, TJ
72, GM 198;
his remarks on Jay Treaty, JJ 271;
opinions on, BF 126, 127, SA 23, 24, GM 7, 266, TJ 27.
GERARD, CONRAD ALEXANDRE,
negotiates treaty of alliance between France and United
States, BF 274-279;
minister to United States, BF 285, 298, SA 341, GW i. 246,
GM 77, JJ 111-115, 135-141;
dissuades Congress from attacking Canada, J J 151, 152;
corrupts members of Congress, JJ 139-141;
induces Congress to change instructions of Peace Commis
sion, JA 161, 169, 204, GM 77, 78, JJ 111, 137;
opposes Mississippi navigation in treaty of 1783, GM 78,
79, J J 112.
GERRY, ELBRIDGE,
Whig leader in Massachusetts colony, SA 52, 273;
in Continental Congress, SA 309, 314, JA 112, JJ 143, 205,
TJ34;
urges that fisheries be included in treaty of peace, J J 143;
opposes ratification of Constitution, SA 360, PH 330;
iu Congress, JMad 127, 132, 159, 160;
on special mission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 276, 277, AH
200, JMar 100, TJ 159, 161, AG 139;

INDEX OF NAMES 63
his behavior in the XYZ affair, JA 278, 282, 288, AH 200,
201, JMar 114, 118, 120-125, TJ 167, AG 152;
uses " Gerrymander," JMad 120;
judgments on, GW ii. 292, JMar 127.
GIDDINGS, JOSHUA R.,
member of House, SPC 84, 114, 119, AI, i. 80, TS 70, 86;
type of Western Reserve anti-slavery feeling, LC 198, SPC
43,57;
points out slavery element in Seminole War, LC 164;
his theory of powers of Congress over slavery, JCC 203,
SPC 65, CS 33;
introduces resolutions on Creole case, HC ii. 234;
censured by House, JMad 185, HC ii. 235, LC 209;
supports Clay in 1844, THB 260;
demands all of Oregon, JCC 269;
refuses to vote for Winthrop for speaker, CS 55;
at Buffalo Free-Soil Convention, MVB 427, SPC 99, CS
90;
in Ohio senatorial election of 1849, SPC 108, 119;
his comments on Webster's 7th of March speech, DW
294, 313;
denounces Fugitive Slave Act, HC ii. 379, LC 287, CS 88;
signs appeal of Independent Democrats, SPC 138, CS 106;
reward offered for his head in Virginia, CS 174;
at Republican convention of 1860, AL i. 177;
judgments on, THB 260, LC 198, 254, SPC 176.
GILES, "WILLIAM B.,
attacks Hamilton in Congress, AH 146, 148, TJ 109, 110,
JMad 189, 191;
attacks Washington, GW ii. 251, 252, AG 128, 129;
silenced by XYZ disclosures, AH 202;
loses leadership to Gallatin, AG 140;
attacks Adamses, JQA 15, 211, 296;
in Chase impeachment, JR 138, 139, 152;
in election of 1808, JR 228;
attacks Gallatin, JR 233, 236;
defeated for Senate, JR 284;

64 INDEX OF NAMES
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 239;
judgments on, AG 100, JQA 212, JR 141, 196, MVB 154.
GILMER, THOMAS W.,
has controversy with J. Q. Adams, JQA 281, 282;
as Governor of Virginia has controversy with Seward over
slave-kidnappers, WHS 37;
writes letter on Texas annexation, JCC 223;
killed by "Peacemaker" explosion, THB 320.
GIRARD, STEPHEN,
aids government in 1813, AG 213, 259, HC i. 99;
his will assailed by Webster, DW 98.
GLADSTONE, "WILLIAM EWART,
condemns liberal movement in Canada in 1837, MVB 351;
Chancellor of Exchequer in 1861, CFA 153;
proclaims success of Confederacy, CFA 280, 289, CS 242;
estimates extent of losses from cotton famine, CFA 274;
announces that England repudiates indirect Alabama dam
ages, CFA 387;
judgments on, MVB 123, 158, THB 314, CFA 286, 289,
368-370, CS 245.
GODEBICH, F. J. ROBINSON, VISCOUNT,
.negotiates trade conventions with United States, AG 347,
HC i. 124, 298.
GOODRICH, CHAUNCY,
Federalist meinber of Congress, AG 99, 143, 156, JR 220.
GORE, CHRISTOPHER,
see index to Webster.
GOULBURN, HENRY,
on English peace commission of 1814, AG 316, 318, 319,
321, JQA 76, 86, 91, HC i. 105;
negotiates treaty of commerce, JQA 98, HC i. 124.
GOUVERNEUR, SAMUEL,
refuses to send abolition papers South by mail, AJ 411,
MVB 276, HC ii. 83. .
GRANGER, FRANCIS,
leader of Anti-Masons, AJ 439, HC i. 345, MVB 245;

INDEX OF NAMES 65
nominated for vice-president, AJ 444, 449, MVB 260, HC
ii. 98;
postmaster-general, HC ii. 191.
GRANT, ULYSSES S.,
expects a short war in 1861, WHS 224;
his career in Civil War, AL i. 333, 354, 355, 360-364, ii. 96,
157-167, 267, 276-284, 300, 329-340, CFA 356, TS 224;
movement to nominate in 1864, AL ii. 259, 263;
wishes amnesty after war, AL ii. 229, SPC 352 ;
writes optimistic report on state of South, CS 304, 305;
accompanies Johnson while " swinging around the circle,"
TS 281;
attempt of Johnson to make him supplant Stanton in War
Department, SPC 358, CS 347, TS 330, 334;
elected President in 1868, SPC 363, CFA 378, CS 356,
357;
wishes Johnson-Clarendon treaty rejected, CS 360;
his Cabinet, SPC 392, CS 359, 363;
not inclined to settle Alabama claims, CS 341;
favors recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369;
reorganizes Supreme Court, SPC 359—401;
tries to secure annexation of San Domingo, CS 379-387,
399;
quarrels with Sumner, CS 382, 385, 386, 389, 390, 398,
401;
opposed by Liberal Republicans, SPC 413, CFA 390, 391,
CS 410, 412-415;
renominated in 1872, MVB 118, CS 410;
his popularity, CS 381, 410;
spoils system under, CS 386, 410;
judgments upon, GM 45, THB 34, CFA 345, CS 383, 384.
GRAYSON, WILLIAM,
his share in adoption of Northwest Ordinance, JMon 25;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64,
JMon 29;
elected to Senate, PH 353, JMar 88, JMon 33.

66 INDEX OF NAMES
GREELEY, HORACE,
type of modern editor, CFA 67;
describes office-seekers in 1841, HC ii. 93;
describes effect of Clay's letters in campaign of 1844, HC ii. .
264;
supports Taylor in 1848, MVB 431 ;
on effect of Fugitive Slave Law in the North, HC 392, LC
283;
aids iu formation of Republican party, LC 304;
angry at failure to receive nomination in 1854, WHS 140,
141;
his comment on the Know-Nothing party, LC 311 ;
favors Douglas against Lincoln in 1858, AL i. 112;
works against Seward in Republican convention of 1860,
AL i. 167, 172, WHS 144, 196-199, SPC 191;
at first favors peaceable secession in 1861, AL i. 191-193,
210, 231, SPC 199, CS 184;
suggests French mediation between North and South, AL
ii. 174;
tells Lincoln that twenty millions demand emancipation,
AL ii. 105-109;
opposes Lincoln's renomination, AL ii. 260, 261, 266, 267,
SPC 309, CS 271;
demands immediate peace, AL ii. 267, 268;
tries to negotiate with Confederates, AL ii. 268, 269;
demands negro suffrage, CS 295;
candidate for presidency, SPC 369, 413, CFA 390, 391, CS
411, 416, 418;
his death, CS 419.
GREEN, DUFF,
edits " Telegraph " as Jackson's organ, AJ 134, 135, 191,
192;
attacks J. Q. Adams, HC i. 280;
sides with Calhoun against Van Buren, A J 206, MVB 191,
repudiated by Jackson, A J 207, HC i. 346;
tries to induce Lincoln to aid Buchanan in 1860, AL i. 210;
judgment on, A J 185.

INDEX OF NAMES 67
GREENE, GENERAL NATHANAEL,
his career in the War of Revolution, PH 278, GW i. 164,
174, 199, 200, 232, 268, 282, 295, 302-304, 322, GM 38,
45, 75, 99, 100, JMar 23, TJ 52;
proposed for a dictator, PH 286;
relations with contemporaries, GW ii. 334, AH 13, 296, GM
75, 98.
GREGG, ANDREW,
member of Congress, JCC 22, JR 172.
GRENVILLE, GEORGE,
enforces colonial trade regulations, BF 104, SA 36;
causes passage of Stamp Act, BF 104, 106, 108, SA 46, 70-
72;
asserts rights of Parliament over colonies, BF 117, SA 58;
loses prestige, BF 143;
judgments on, BF 143, SA 36, 71.
GRENVILLE, THOMAS,
sent by Fox to treat for peace with France and United
States, BF 366, JA 210, JJ 149, 150;
fails to deal with Franklin, BF 368-372, JJ 150;
recalled, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 156.
GRENVILLE, -WILLIAM WYNDHAM, BARON,
corresponds with Morris, GM 266-269;
denies inciting Western Indians, GW ii. 175 j1
sends Fauchet letter to Washington, AG 103;
negotiates Jay treaty, GW ii. 180, 181, AH 175, GM 285,
JJ 270-280, AG 117, 350;
considered by English to have been duped, GM 285, JJ
279;
negotiates with J. Q. Adams, JQA 22;
appoints commissioners to treat with Monroe and Pinckney,
JMon 100.
GRIDLEY, JEREMIAH,
opposes Stamp Act, SA 67, JA 28.
GHIER, JUDGE ROBERT C,
see index to Chase.

68 INDEX OF NAMES
GRIFFIN, JUDGE CYRUS,
in British debts case, PH 362, 364, JJ 255, JMar 37;
in Burr trial, J Mar 209.
GRIMES, JAMES W.,
Governor of Iowa, SPC 172;
in Senate during war, AL i. 296, CS 239;
opposes Freedman's Bureau, CS 266;
in Johnson impeachment trial, CS 348.
GRISWOLD, ROGER,
his career in Congress, AG 65, 98, 113, 133, 143, 156, 161;
his fight with Lyon, AG 141, JR 106.
GROW, GALUSHA A.,
his career in Congress, AL i. 297, CFA 110, TS 97, 138.
GRUNDY, FELIX,
a war Republican, HC i. 78, DW 47, LC 55; JCC 20;
leads debtor party in Tennessee, A J 158;
offers resolution against nullification, AJ 333;
attorney-general under Van Buren, MVB 393.
HALE, JOHN P.,
his anti-slavery career in Senate, HC ii. 330, 379, LC 277,
AL i. 296, WHS 185, SPC 114, 115, CS 63;
nominated by Liberty party in 1847, HC ii. 310, LC 251,
SPC 95, 96;
defeated by Van Buren for Free Soil nomination, MVB
428, 431, HC ii. 312, SPC 100, 102, CFA 99;
denounces Fugitive Slave Act, CS 88;
defeated for Senate, CS 101;
Free-Soil candidate for President in 1852, MVB 439, LC
290, SPC 132, CS 96;
sums up Buchanan's doctrine of secession, AL i. 190;
denounces submission to England in Trent affair, AL i.
386, CS 214;
estimates of, SPC 113, 119, 148, CS 86.
HALL, DOMINICK A.,
see" index to Jackson.
HALLECK, GENERAL HENRY W.,
see index to Lincoln;

INDEX OF NAMES 69
orders fugitive slaves to be returned, AL ii. 8, CS 204, TS
216.
HAMILTON, ALEXANDER,
his ancestry, GM 89, AH i. 282-295;
serves in war of Revolution, GW i. 216, 217, 234, 284, 285,
316, 329, AH 12-24;
writes letters on finance, GW i. 298, ii. 19, AH 26-29;
member of Congress under the Confederation, GW i. 333,
JMad 30-36, AH 34-42, 79;
urges amnesty to Loyalists, PH 289, JJ 206, 242, AH 46,
47;
at Annapolis Convention, JMad 59, AH 53, 54;
member of Federal Convention, BF 409, GW ii. 35, GM
115, 118, 137, JMad 94, MVB 5, AH 56-62;
writes " Federalist," GM 144, JJ 225, JMad 111, AH 65-
69;
secures ratification of Constitution in New York, GM 144,
JJ 231, 233, JMad 115, AH 70-79;
Federalist leader in New York, GM 283, AH 79-81;
in election of 1788 diminishes Adams's electoral vote, JA
242;
appointed secretary of treasury, GW ii. 66, TJ 88, AG
174-176, 243, AH 83-184;
makes report on public credit, GW ii. 107, JMad 145, AG
245, AH 88-95;
makes bargain with Jefferson over assumption of state
debt, GW ii. 108, TJ 89, 91, JMad 143, 151, AH 123-
126;
his report on the mint, GW ii. 81, AG 245, AH 105;
his report and argument on the Bank, GW ii. 110, TJ 107,
JMad 162, 163, AG 250, 251, AH 98-105, 130;
aided by Washington, GW ii. 107, 108, 112, TJ 128, JMad
163, AH 156, 157;
advocates excise, GW ii. 122, 123, AG 52, AH 95-97;
makes report on manufactures, GW ii. 112, 114, 116, TJ
113, DW 153, AH 107-113, 130;
his schemes opposed as centralizing, PH 397, JJ 244, TJ
93-95, 97, 110, 112, 124, JMad 149, AH 119;

70 ' INDEX OF NAMES
HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (continued),
becomes leader of Federalists, JA 245, 253, TJ 157, AG
99, MVB 465, AH 134;
accused of corruption, TJ 106, 110-115, 124;
advocates reelection of Washington and Adams, GW ii.
235, JA 251, JMad 186;
report on public lands, AG 237, 238;
his attitude toward the French Revolution, GW ii. 139,
GM 219, TJ 130, 131, JMad 193, AH 158, 250, 251;
favors neutrality, GW ii. 147, 169, JJ 256, JMad 198, 199,
AH 154-164, 169, 255, 256; [170;
urges strong measures against Genet, GW ii. 154, AH 165-
attacked by Jefferson and his followers as a monarchist,
GW ii. 228, 229, TJ 101, 102, 120-123, 151, 187, JMad
186, AH 136, 141;
his reply, GW ii. 229, 230, 234, TJ 121, 126, 127, JMad
185, 186, 188, AH 142-145;
attacked in Congress, JMad 189-191, AG 64, 65, AH 146-
148, 184;
takes active part in suppressing whiskey rebellion, GW ii.
128, AG 53, 54, 76, 77, 87-92, AH 178-182;
unable to go on mission to England, GW ii. 177, JJ 265,
AH 175;
resigns from Cabinet, GW ii. 234, AG 97;
defends Jay treaty, GW ii. 187, 206, JJ 282, TJ 151, JMad
212, AG 103, AH 185-188;
his career at New York bar, GM 279, MVB 28, AH 234-
.242;
exposed by Monroe, GW ii. 212, TJ 201, JMon 74;
intrigues to elect Pinckney over Adams in 1796, JA 254-
258, AH 193, 194;
looked upon as party leader by Adams's Cabinet, JA 271,
272, 307, 310, JQA 27, AH 197, 230, 231;
favors plan for bi-partisan commission to France, JA 273,
279, AH 200;
secures publicity for XYZ despatches, JA 280, JMar 126;
approves Alien aud Sedition laws, GW ii. 296, AH 219,
220;

INDEX OF NAMES 71
quarrels with Adams over question of rank in provisional
army, GW ii. 286-290, JA 284-286, AG 155, AH 203-
208;
wishes war with France, GM 281, AH 199, 215;
disgusted at Adams's second French mission, JA 298, AH
216, 217;
deplores candidacy of Adams in 1800, JA 312-316, DW 23,
AH 226-230;
wishes Jay to divide electoral vote of New York after
State election of 1800, GM 286, J J 295, AH 223, 224;
appalled at Republican success, GW ii. 295, AH 177, 178,
220, 225, 252, 254, 258-260;
opposes Federalist plan to elect Burr over Jefferson, GM
287, JMar 151, TJ 182, AH 232, 233;
results of his financial policy claimed by Republicans, TJ
237, 238, AG 168, 169, 218, 231, 235, AH 132, 133;
favors England against France, TJ 133, 135, 136, AH 136,
155, 174, 215, 257;
opposes Federalist coalition with Burr, MVB 43, AH 243;
his duel with Burr, and death, J Mar 201, JR 111-114,
MVB 29, AH 244-268;
his aristocratic views, GW ii. 225, GM 119, TJ 131, MVB
5, AH 44, 120;
foresees destiny of country, GW ii. 7, AH 210-212;
his opinion of the Constitution, JMar 174, TJ 113, 123,
DW 172;
relations with his contemporaries, GW ii. 39, 54, 317, 362,
JA 243, 258, 261, 265, 266, 324, JJ 317, TJ 96, 98, JMad
166, 167, 181, 192, AG 179, JMon 34, JQA 27, DW 339;
estimates of, GW ii. 67, 183, 334, 335, JA 9, GM 45, 283,
JJ 19, 22, TJ 204, JMad 31, AG 28, 32, 174-176, 184,
185, HC i. 321, DW 195, 222.
HAMILTON, COLONEL HENRY,
English commander at Detroit, pays Indians for scalps,
PH 259, TJ 54, LC 32.
HAMILTON, JAMES,
leads Nullifiers in South Carolina, AJ 251, 259, 327, 337,
JCC 97, LC 145.

72 INDEX OF NAMES
HAMILTON, JAMES A.,
member of New York " Bucktail " faction, MVB 73;
acts as temporary secretary of state, MVB 177, HC i. 331 ;
tries to reconcile Crawford with Jackson, AJ 198, MVB
185;
aids in betrayal of Calhoun to Jackson, A J 199, MVB 185,
186;
writes messages for Jackson, MVB 205;
describes control of Kitchen Cabinet over Jackson, MVB
206;
describes methods of appointment under Jackson, HC i.
338.
HAMILTON, JOHN C,
his statements as to Alexander Hamilton's parentage, AH
2, 292, 293;
says Madison was author of Giles's resolutions against Ham
ilton, JMad 189, 190;
accuses Gallatin of cowardice in whiskey rebellion, AG
84;
a "Bucktail " in New York politics, MVB 73.
HAMLIN, HANNIBAL,
a Democrat in 1840, MVB 379;
member of Senate, HC ii. 330, 352;
elected vice-president, LC 339, AL i. 171, SPC 196;
his influence on Cabinet appointments, WHS 214, CFA
143;
fails of renomination, AL ii. 263, CS 272, 273;
favors removal of Sumner from his chairmanship, CS 395.
HAMMOND, GEORGE,
British minister to United States, G W ii. 169, 173, AH 156,
JJ 265;
protests against Genet's behavior, GW ii. 151, AH 165;
gives Randolph's Fauchet letter to Wolcott, GW ii. 195;
intrigues with members of Cabinet, GW ii. 200.
HAMMOND, JABEZ D.,
quoted on New York politics, JJ 288, 291,292, 300, A J 139,
MVB 65, 68, 78, 168, 175.

INDEX OF NAMES 73
HANCOCK, JOHN,
leader of Boston Whigs before Revolution, SA 82, 83, 98,
110, 121, 153, 162, 168, 176, 219, 229, 237, 243, 293, 297,
298;
violates revenue laws in "Liberty " affair, SA 99, JA 31;
his share in Hutchinson letter affair, SA 202, 204;
member of continental Congress, SA 299, 301, 307, 309,
GM69;
mortified at failure to be made commander-in-chief, SA 302,
303, PH 153, 154, GW ii. 135, J A 95;
signs Declaration of Independence, SA 314, TJ 34;
his relations in later life with S. Adams, SA 340, 341, 361,
365;
entertains French in Boston, SA 342;
aids in securing ratification of Constitution, SA 354, 355,
PH 330, AH 73;
Governor of Massachusetts, SA 361, 363, AH 51, 52;
reluctant to call upon Washington, GW ii. 75, 76;
judgments upon him, SA 8, 104, 319, 323, 327, 330, GW ii.
74, GM 69.
HANNEGAN, EDWARD A.,
in debate in Senate on Oregon question, JCC 266, 271, LC
228.
HANWAY, CASTNER,
in fugitive slave case, SPC 165, TS 90, 91.
HARLAN, JAMES,
in Senate, AL i. 296, CS 280, 385.
HARPER, ROBERT GOODLOE,
Federalist leader in South Carolina, GM 283;
practices before Supreme Court, JMar 169;
his career as Federalist leader of House, AG 98, 111, 112,
114, 115, 133-135, 140-142, 146, 151, 152, 156, 161;
denounces Monroe, JMon 71, 72;
counsel for Judge Chase in impeachment trial, JR 146,
149;
accuses Jefferson of using bribery in election of 1801, AJ
134.

74 INDEX OF NAMES
HARRISON, BENJAMIN,
patriot leader in Virginia, PH 66, 137, 151, 152, 176, 281;
member of continental Congress, BF 209, PH 99, 106, JJ
44;
signs Declaration of Independence, SA 314, TJ 34;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 319, 320, 322.
HARRISON, "WILLIAM HENRY,
serves in War of .1812, HC i. 98, 105, THB 6, LC 57, 58,
86-89, 92;
connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 19;
candidate for presidency in 1836, AJ 444, 447, 448, MVB
260, 264, 279, 280, HC ii. 98, DW 219, SPC 86;
nominated by Whig party in 1839, MVB 377, HC ii. 175,
176, DW 231, 232, THB 206, CS 28;
his attitude on slavery, SPC 87-89;
denies being an abolitionist, MVB 381, 382;
in campaign and election of 1840, MVB 386, 390, 391, HC
ii. 186, 189, DW 232, LC 156, WHS 29;
his Cabinet and his relations with Clay and Webster, HC ii.
190, 191, 195-198, DW 234, 238, WHS 29-34, TS 57;
his death, MVB 401, HC ii. 198, DW 243, THB 210;
judgments upon, A J 445, MVB 463, HC ii. 185, 186, DW
237, 238, THB 10, 205, 206.
HARTLEY, DAVID,
his relations with Franklin, BF 256;
aids American prisoners in England, BF 256-262;
warns Franklin not to make alliance with France, BF 272;
works for peace, BF 281, 282, 288, 359;
connected with treaty of 1783, JJ 197.
HAWKSBURY, CHARLES JENKINSON, LORD,
English foreign secretary, GM 201, JMon 97.
HAWLEY, JOSEPH,
leader of Whigs in Western Massachusetts, SA 52, 83, 86,
92, 168, 173, 204, 251, 319, 320, JA 64;
wishes independence, SA 311, PH 125;
urges execution of Loyalists, JJ 63.

INDEX OF NAMES 75
HAY, GEORGE,
prosecuting attorney in Burr trial, JMar 209, 211, 219, 226,
TJ 252, 253;
his political relations with Monroe, JMon 211, 223, 224,
JR 242.
HAYNE, ROBERT Y.,
opposes tariff of 1824, MVB 99-102, 144, 148, DW 206;
opposes Panama Congress, MVB 123, 127;
his speech on nullification, AJ 257, MVB 188, HC i. 348,
DW 168, 169, 171, THB 70;
governor of South Carolina in nullification struggle, AJ 331,
337, JCC 103;
votes against confirmation of Van Buren as minister to
England, MVB 230.
HENRY, JOHN,
his letters on Federalist intrigues bought by Madison, JMad
297-301, HC i. 82.
HENRY, PATRICK,
his career in law, JMar 33, PH 25-58, 91, 92, 303, 357-
381;
introduces and defends " Virginia Resolves," SA 44, 47,
GW i. 119, PH 78-86;
leader of radicals in Virginia, BF 107, 111, SA 306, TJ 18,
19, PH 62-74, 88-90, 95-100, 176-208;
member of continental Congress, GW i. 128, 130, JA 111,
J J 34, 49, PH 100-125, 166-175;
his alleged speech at opening of Congress, SA 283, PH 120,
121;
ready for independence, SA 306, GW i. 132, PH 134, 193;
leads Virginia militia against Dunmore, JMar 12, PH 158-
160;
his career as Governor of Virginia, TJ 51-54, AG 24, 29;
PH 211-268, 288, 294-302;
approached by Conway cabal, GW i. 222, 225;
appealed to by Washington in favor of Constitution, GW ii.
38, PH 313;
leads opposition to ratification of Constitution, SA 360,

76 INDEX OF NAMES
HENRY, PATRICK (continued),
GW ii. 71, GM 111, JMar 64-70, 85, JMad 112, 114, JMon
28, JR 17, 18, MVB 5, PH 298-338;
leads Virginia to demand a second Federal Convention,
JMad 118, PH 341-350, 355; [350;
dictates election of Anti-Federalist senators, JMad 119, PH
causes gerrymandering of Madison's congressional district,
JMad 120, 121, PH 351-354;
in British debts case, J J 255, JMar 37, 38, PH 359-367;
declines State Department, GW ii. 324, PH 402;
supports Marshall for Congress, JMar 133, 134, PH 410,
411;
appealed to by Washington to oppose disunion feeling in
Virginia, GW ii. 266-268, 293, JR 28, PH 413, 414;
denounces resistance to federal government, GM 282, JR
29-31, PH 415-421;
declines French mission, JA 298, PH 412;
his views on slavery, JR 278, HC i. 27, 28, 30, PH 388,
389;
relations with his contemporaries, GW ii. 362, JMar 85,
TJ 15, AG 24, 29;
judgments upon, GW ii. 304, GM 314, JR 36, 37, DW 181,
195.
HERKIMER, NICHOLAS,
defeated at Oriskany, PH 240, GM 9.
HERNDON, WILLIAM H.,
see index to Lincoln.
HELDRETH, RICHARD,
quoted, JA 269, JMad 234, 235, 323, JMon 72, LC 64.
HILL, ISAAC,
member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 181, 203, 204, MVB 193,
237, HC i. 346;
favors spoils system, A J 186;
his nomination rejected by Senate, AJ 191 ;
elected to Senate, A J 192, 193;
instigates attack on Bank, A J 272, 274, 279, HC i. 353;
candidate for Governor of New Hampshire, AJ 441.

INDEX OF NAMES 77
HILLARD, GEORGE S.,
anti-slavery Whig in Massachusetts, CFA 34, 142, CS 15,
29.
HILLSBOROUGH, WILLS HILL, VISCOUNT,
colonial secretary, adopts aggressive policy, BF 151, 157-
163, SA 92;
has controversy with Franklin, BF 152-157, 164;
introduces into Parliament resolutions against Massachu
setts, SA 118;
resigns, BF 163, SA 173.
HOADLY, GEORGE,
see index to Chase.
HOAR, EBENEZER ROCKWOOD,
leader of "Conscience Whigs," CS 44;
attorney-general, CS 363;
accused of packing Supreme Court, SPC 399;
opposes recognition of Cuban belligerency, CS 369;
his nomination to Supreme Court rejected by Senate, SPC
400;
his relations with Sumner, CS 430.
HOAR, SAMUEL,
as agent of Massachusetts expelled from South Carolina,
DW 294, CFA 48, CS 40;
Free-Soil leader, CS 74, 76.
HOLMES, JOHN,
counsel in Dartmouth College case, JMar 189, DW 81, 89;
opposes Panama Congress, MVB 131.
HOLT, JOSEPH,
secretary in Buchanan's Cabinet, AL i. 199, 200, 209, WHS
209.
HOOKER, JOSEPH,
see index to Lincoln.
HOPKINSON, JOSEPH,
practices before Supreme Court, JMar 169, 188, 192;
counsel in Chase impeachment, JR 146;
with Webster in Dartmouth College case, JMar 188, DW
81, 82.

78 INDEX OF NAMES
HOTTINGUER,
see index to Marshall.
HOUSTON, SAMUEL,
with Jackson's connivance frees Texas from Mexico, A J 416,
MVB 358, TIC ii. 90, 91, THB 159, 160;
Governor of Texas at time of its annexation, HC ii. 239,
240;
member of Senate, HC ii. 330, THB 290, 291;
condemns Nashville Convention, JCC 323;
votes to admit California, THB 300;
votes for Compromise Measures, WHS 94;
opposes Kansas-Nebraska Bill, WHS 118, SPC 138, CS 105;
opposes secession in 1861, AL i. 187.
HOWARD, JACOB M.,
Republican leader in Michigan, LC 304, 305, CS 280.
HOWE, RICHARD, EARL,
his friendly relations with Franklin, BF 202;
attempts vainly to negotiate with Congress in 1776, BF 213-
216, GW i. 161, 167, JJ 135;
his naval career, GW i. 244, JJ 181, 269.
HOWE, SIR WILLIAM,
his military career in War of Revolution, PH 236-243, GW
i. 173-177, 186, 194-206, 218, 232, GM 41, JMar 18.
HOYT, JESSE,
see index to Van Buren.
HULL, GENERAL WILLIAM,
his campaign in Canada, and surrender at Detroit, HC i.
86, LC 61-84.
HULSEMANN, J. G.,
his controversies with Webster, HC ii. 392, DW 325, 326.
HUNTER, GENERAL DAVID,
his career in Civil War, AL i. 349, 351, ii. 15, SPC 359, TS
215;
attempts to free slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Caro
lina, AL ii. 7, SPC 262.
HUNTER, ROBERT M. T.,
elected Speaker of House, JCC 295, MVB 376;

INDEX OF NAMES 79
member of Senate, HC ii. 330, CS 92;
on Confederate Peace Commission, AL ii. 305-307;
his later career, MVB 376.
HUNTINGTON, SELINA, COUNTESS OF,
her schemes for converting Indians, GW ii. 4, JJ 203.
HUSKISSON, "WILLIAM,
English liberal minister, AG 347, AJ 236.
HUTCHINSON, THOMAS,
his career as royal official iu Massachusetts, SA 31, 33, 38-
40, 46, 58, 85, 86, 92, 101;
Governor of Massachusetts, SA 130-241;
disputes with Assembly over Parliamentary taxation, BF
166, 167, SA 187-193;
tries to bribe J. Adams, J A 32;
urges severe measures against Boston, BF 177, SA 138;
his removal petitioned for, BF 183, SA 205.
INNES, JAMES,
leader at Virginia bar, JMar 33;
favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64;
in British debts case, PH 360, JMar 37.
INGERSOLL, CHARLES JARED,
member of Congress, DW 97;
opposes Asb burton treaty, DW 260;
accuses Webster of corruption, DW 260-262.
INGHAM, SAMUEL D.,
secretary of treasury under Jackson, AJ 182, MVB 179,
HC i. 330, JCC 65;
overwhelmed by rush of office-seekers, MVB 210;
has controversy with Biddle over partisanship of Bank, AJ
271-278, HC i. 353, 354;
says that Kitchen Cabinet first turned him against Bank,
JA 278, HC i. 354;
makes report on currency, AG 368, A J 389;
quarrels with Eaton, AJ 211, LC 137;
resigns from Cabinet after Jackson's breach witb Calhoun,
AJ 209, MVB 199, LC 137.

80 INDEX OF NAMES
IREDELL, JAMES,
Judge of Supreme Court, GW ii. 73;
tries British debts case, PH 364-366, JJ 255, JMar 37.
IRVING, WASHINGTON,
quoted, JMar 234, AG 363, 364, 368;
secretary of legation at London, his life there, MVB 224-
228;
declines to hold federal office, MVB 361, 362.
IVERSON, ALFRED,
secessionist leader in 1861, AL i. 186, 187, 209, CS 181.
IZARD, RALPH,
see index to Franklin.
JACKSON, ANDREW,
in Senate votes against complimentary address to Washing
ton, AG 129, A J 14;
deceived by Burr, MVB 18, A J 22-26;
his career in War of 1812, GM 304, JMon 126, 127, 237, HC
i. 106, A J 35-59;
has fight with Benton, THB 26, A J 36;
wins battle of New Orleans, JQA 96, 97, MVB 63, AJ 44-
50;
offered War Department by Monroe, JMon 136;
suggests non-partisan appointments to Monroe, JMon 137,
MVB 89, A J 60-63;
his invasion of Florida and subsequent actions, AG 336,
359, JMon 143-145, JQA 110, 111, 158-160, HC i. 151-
153, 160, JCC 87, AJ 64-79;
controversy in Congress and Cabinet over his conduct, JMon
145, JQA 160-162, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JCC 88, 89, AJ
80-83;
approves Florida treaty, JQA 125, HC i. 164;
his career in Senate, MVB 94-119, 155, HC i. 226, AJ 95,
96;
candidate for President in 1824, AG 358, JMon 157, JQA
149, 169, JR 281, HC i. 224, 226, 231, 232, JCC 59, 60,
THB 54, AJ 96-117;

INDEX OF NAMES 81
his managers, JR285, MVB 118, 119, HC i. 232, AJ 97;
believes himself cheated out of election, JQA 171, 172, 174,
HC i. 239-241, JCC 61, 62, TJ 125-127;
spreads " bargain " story, JQA 170, 184-187, HC i. 246-
259, 283-286, THB 55, AJ 118-123;
becomes candidate for election in 1828, JQA 181, 195-197,
200, MVB 131, 162, HC i. 263-265, 277-280, 288, THB
63, WHS 6, A J 129-149;
political significance of his campaign, JQA 200-213, THB
10, 11, AJ 176;
really forms a new party, MVB 155, 156, HC i. 312, 313,
317, DW 135, A J 296;
votes against confirmation of Clay as secretary of state,
MVB 123, HC i. 254, 255;
announces purpose to reform government, HC i. 264, 334,
335, A J 134, 188;
elected in 1828, JQA 212, HC i. 286, 289, JCC 64, LC 140;
appoints Cabinet, MVB 179, HC i. 330, 331, 338, JCC
65, AJ 181-191;
considers his party as an army, AG 359, MVB 238, HC i.
323, THB 115, 164, AJ 325, 326;
introduces spoils system into federal government, JQA 198,
MVB 54, 212-215, 364, HC i. 325-338, 368, ii. 61, DW
187, THB 72, A J 188, SPC 10;
rewards his friends, JQA 206, JR 300, HC i. 335;
social vulgarity of his administration, AG 360, JQA 237,
MVB 177, 178, 395;
controlled by Kitchen Cabinet, MVB 193, 207, HC i. 345,
346, THB 164, 165, LC 141, AJ 181, 323, 324;
tries to force Mrs. Eaton into society, MVB 181, 182, HC
i. 338, 367, JCC 85, LC 134-136, AJ 183-197, 208, 211;
his first message to Congress, HC i. 347;
urges vigorous action against France, JQA 238, 239, MVB
216, 217, HC ii. 53-58, DW 224, 227, JCC 182, THB 131,
LC 167, AJ 217, 218, 403-408;
has breach with Calhoun, MVB 185-187, JCC 89-91, LC
133, A J 196-200, 203-206;

82 INDEX OF NAMES
JACKSON, ANDREW (continued),
gives Union toast at Jeffersonian banquet, MVB 188, 198,
HC i. 348, THB 87-89, A J 203;
reconstructs Cabinet, MVB 199, 200, HC i. 348, LC 133-
138, A J 209, 210;
presents Van Buren as his successor, MVB 189, 190, 197,
238, 240, 256, HC i. 369, 380, ii. 96, JCC 118, THB 163,
A J 201, 312, 318;
appoints Van Buren minister to England, MVB 224, 230,
HC i. 366, 367, AJ 210, 211;
his peaceful attitude toward England, MVB 219, 220;
defies Supreme Court in Cherokee affair, MVB 203, HC i.
3-17, THB 100, 101, LC 161, A J 225-227;
attacks United States Bank, MVB 202, HC i. 353-357,
375-384, ii. 26-52, DW 220, THB 102-106, 124, LC 153,
AJ 278-288, 297-299, 318, 339-354, 360, 363, 374, 397-
400;
vetoes Bank recharter, HC i. 376, 377, DW 204, THB 113,
AJ 319, 320;
attacked by Whigs, HC i. 377-380, ii. 8, 33, 38, 39, 43, 01,
103, 104, 137, DW 232, 274, THB 111, 114, TS 36;
his theory of presidency, HC ii. 40-43, 106, 110, WHS 18,
A J 227, 282, 325, 363;
his popularity, HC i. 323, 324, 333, 381, ii. 47, 52, 58, DW
224, JCC 63, THB 65, 68, LC 157, 158, AL i. 38;
opposed by Anti-Masons, MVB 167, HC i. 342, A J 292;
reelected, MVB 247, HC i. 318, 383, THB 116, LC 146,
AJ 200-203, 320, WHS 13;
issues nullification proclamation, JQA 235, MVB 248, HC
ii. 6, 7, 9, DW 207, THB 90, LC 148, CFA 20, A J 328-
330;
asks for authority to force payment of duties, DW 208,
209, THB 71, LC 146, 150, A J 332;
said to have threatened to hang Calhoun, HC ii. 13, DW
207, 208, JCC 103, 104, THB 93, LC 148-150, AJ 266, 338;
signs compromise tariff and force bill, HC ii. 20, THB 96,
LC151;
asserts slavery to be cause for nullification, CS 37, 187;

INDEX OF NAMES 83
apparently wins, but really yields to South Carolina, JQA
326, HC ii. 22, JCC 104, THB 96;
makes tour in North, MVB 255, LC 153, AJ 350;
granted LL. D. by Harvard, JQA 241, 242, MVB 255, AJ
350;
reconstructs Cabinet in order to crush Bank, HC ii. 27, AJ
345;
unable to convince Duane, HC ii. 28, 29, AJ 350-354;
his "paper read to Cabinet," HC ii. 28, 29, AJ 354;
appoints Taney secretary of treasury, AG 270, HC ii. 29,
AJ 354;
orders removal of deposits, MVB 249-252, HC ii. 27-30,
THB 116, LC 153, WHS 13;
considers " distress petitions " fictitious, MVB 253, HC ii.
40, AJ 360, 371;
quarrels with Senate and is censnred, HC ii. 32-44, DW
221, THB 117, 118, AJ 362-364;
sends protest to Senate, HC ii. 40, 41, DW 222, 223, THB
119, A J 364;
his nominations rejected by Senate, HC ii. 44, THB 117,
A J 362;
reorganizes Supreme Court, THB 117, SPC 324, AJ 362,
421-427;
condemns use of mails by abolitionists, MVB 276, HC ii.
84, JCC 133, 134, 148, WHS 58;
his policy toward Texas, MVB 358, HC ii. 90, AJ 415-
420;
has an understanding with Houston, HC ii. 90, A J 416;
bullies Mexico after Texan insurrection, MVB 359, HC ii.
91, 94;
rejoices in land speculation, MVB 290, 294, 303, HC ii.
104;
issues specie circular, MVB 304, HC ii. 124, 125, 129, THB
122, 139, A J 392-394;
signs bill to distribute surplus and then repents, MVB 266,
301, HC ii. 70, 119, 121, THB 137, A J 381, 382;
in campaign of 1836, MVB 262, AJ 441;

84 INDEX OF NAMES
JACKSON, ANDREW (continued),
rejoices over expunging resolutions, HC ii. 106, THB 119,
124, 126, AJ 367;
his departure from Washington, MVB 282, 283, AJ 452;
popular reaction against, after panic, HC ii. 139, 185, THB
166, A J 450, 451;
in campaign of 1840, MVB 387;
writes letter favoring annexation of Texas in 1843, MVB
404, HC ii. 239, JCC 224, THB 264, LC 213, AJ 458;
supports Van Buren for Democratic nomination in 1844,
MVB 407, 408, HC ii. 248, THB 265, LC 213, AJ 459;
indignant at Polk's dismissal of Blair, THB 282;
his attitude toward the Constitution, MVB 249, JCC 181;
views on public lands, HC i. 370, ii. 23, A J 233, 380, 381;
views on internal improvements, MVB 98, 117, 201, 202,
HC i. 347, A J 96, 234, 235;
views on tariff, MVB 104, HC i. 313, 359, 360, ii. 2, JCC
82, 83, THB 87, 92, AJ 95, 96, 263, 332;
relations with contemporaries, AG 349, JMon 129, 136,
137, JQA 160-163, 175, 205, 206, 235, 238, 239, 244, JR
299, 301, MVB 94, 151, 190, 205, 206, 254, 454, 455, HC
i. 237-239, 250, 329, 330, 348, 366, ii. 13, DW 140,-214,
215, JCC 84, 112, 181, THB 26, 29, 56, 78, 86, 164, LC
136, 155, 165, 166, 213; '
judgments upon, JMar 254, 255, TJ 132, 194, AG 270,
355, 359, JQA 237, 242, MVB 155, 156, 200, 463, HC i.
224, 225, 322-325, ii. 33-36, 49-52, 106-110, 112, THB
30, 66, 67, 207, LC 134, 135, 138-141, 152, 153, 246,
WHS 17, 18, SPC 9, CS 11.
JACKSON, FRANCIS J.,
British minister to United States, JMad 278, AG 295, HC
i. 73;
accuses Madison of bad faith, JMad 278 ;
his recall demanded, JMad 278, JQA 146.
JACKSON, GENERAL THOMAS JONATHAN,
see index to Lincoln.
JACKSON, WILLIAM,
see index to Franklin.

INDEX OF NAMES 85
JAY, JOHN,
his ancestry, GM 9, JJ 1-6 ;
leader of conservative Whigs, in New York, SA 280, GM
50, J J 20-30;
his legal career, GM 20, JJ 16-19;
in continental Congress, BF 208, SA 283, PH 108, 112,
GW i. 222, TJ 24, 31, J J 31-37, 40-48, 98-112;
favors Galloway's plan of union, PH 115, JJ 35;
in New York politics during Revolution, GM 60-70, JJ 39,
48-67, 81-96;
his services in New York Constitutional Convention, GM 36,
52, 55, 58, JJ 68-81;
his anti-slavery attitude, GM 58, JJ 245, 246;
envoy to Spain, BF 307, JA 162, 208, GM 98, JMad 31, 33,
J J 113-128;
his views on Western boundaries, GM 98, J J 209, 210;
unable to raise money, BF 307, 371, J J 118, 120;
helped by Franklin, BF 307, 322, 332-335, JJ 119, 120;
peace commissioner, BF 349, JA 162, 205, GM 104, TJ 66,
JJ 127, 147, 148;
sent for by Franklin, BF 370, 372, JJ 127, 153;
insists on recognition of independence in Oswald's commis
sion, BF 373, JA 212, J J 159-164;
suspects Vergennes' motives, BF 373, 375, JJ 160, 167,
169-172;
sends Vaughan to persuade Shelburne to grant a new com
mission, BF 375, J J 172-178;
wishes to negotiate without Vergennes, BF 378, JA 216, GM
104, 107, JJ 179, 182, 183, 187;
his share in negotiations, BF 380, 391, GM 107, JJ 180-
199;
indignant at congressional reproof, BF 388, JA 221;
commissioned to make commercial treaty, JA 224;
secretary of foreign affairs, J J 205-220;
proposes to Congress to surrender Mississippi navigation
for a, term of years in order to secure a treaty, PH 307,
GM 115, JMad 79-82, JMon 27, JJ 208-211;

86 INDEX OF NAMES
JAY, JOHN (continued),
writes part of "Federalist," AH 66, GM 144, TJ 86, 111,
J J 225-227;
member of New York ratifying convention, AH 70, GM
144, AG 37, JJ 228-233;
temporary secretary of state, TJ 88, J J 235;
receives votes for vice-president, J A 311;
Chief Justice, GW ii. 72, JA 316, TJ 179, 180, JJ 235-262;
defeated for Governor of New York by a technicality, GM
284, J J 240, 247-250;
tries British debts case, PH 364, JMar 37, JJ 255;
publishes card against Genet, GW ii. 159, J J 258;
negotiates Jay treaty with England, GW ii. 177-182, AH
176, GM 262, JMar 97, JMad 211, AG 117, JMon 34, 41,
46, 60, JJ 265-281;
hampered by Monroe, GW ii. 213, JMad 220, JMon 62-64;
popular outcry against, GW ii. 186, 187, AH 187, GM 284,
285, JMar 97, JMad 212, AG 103, 119, JMon 62-64, JJ
281-283;
elected Governor of New York, GM 284, 285, MVB 39, 41,
JJ 28*1-302;
refuses to follow Hamilton's suggestions in campaign of
1800, AH 224, GM 286, J J 296;
has controversy with Republican council over appointments,
MVB 49, J J 297, 298;
relations with contemporaries, BF 346, 390, 399, PH 364,
365, GW ii. 54, JA 262, AH 257, GM 67, 95, 96, 291;
judgments on, BF 208, 220, PH 188, GW ii. 177, JA 177,
GM 65, TJ 151, SPC 323.
JEFFERSON, THOMAS,
his legal career, PH 29-31, 93, 94, JMon 13, HC i. 7, TJ
6, 9, 10;
radical Whig leader in Virginia, PH 95, 151, 152, TJ 16-
22, 202;
advocates independence, SA 300, 310, J J 42, TJ 26, 27;
in continental Congress, SA 307, PH 168, 170, 173, JA 126,
JMon 23, TJ 23-36, 67-69;

INDEX OF NAMES 87
writes Declaration of Independence, BF 212, SA 313, JA
123-125, TJ 29-31, 35;
in Virginia legislature, JMad 65, HC i. 7, TJ 36-49;
accuses Henry of planning a dictatorship, PH 224-229,
285;
Governor of Virginia, PH 228, 268-276, JMon 12, TJ 51-
63;
his flight from Tarleton, PH 285, GW i. 307, JR 5, TJ 59-
61;
declines mission to France, BF 232, TJ 66;
appointed Peace Commissioner, BF 349, JA 206, JJ 127,
147, TJ 67;
minister to France, BF 398, JA 230, GM 152, TJ 70-87,
AH 153;
approves of Shays's rebellion, JMad 75, TJ 81, 82;
favors adoption of Constitution but wishes a bill of rights,
SA 338, PH 319, 330, GW ii. 72, AH 123, 124, JMad 106,
T J 84-88;
adopts French political phraseology, GW ii. 27, GM 114,
AG 102, LC 43, 44, TJ 80;
secretary of state, GW ii. 68, TJ 87-146;
favors French Revolution, JMad 193, 194, TJ 77-79, 130,
131, 137;
makes bargain with Hamilton about site of capital and
assumption of State debt, GW ii. 108, AH 125, 126, JMad
143, 152, TJ 90, 92;
criticises monarchical leanings of Washington's administra
tion, GW ii. 56, 79, JMon 32, JR 65, TJ 101-103, 111,
112, 114, 115;
makes report on weights and measures, GW ii. 81;
opposes charter of Bank, GW ii. 110, AH 130, JMad 163,
AG 233, 251, 280, TJ 107;
opposes protection, AH 130;
attacks Adams, GW ii. 226, AH 140, 141, JQA 18, TJ 114,
118;
causes attacks on Hamilton, GWii. 228, 229, TJ 109, 110;
his relations with Freneau, GW ii. 227, 228, AH 141, JMad
168-171, 175, 205, TJ 119-121, 166;

88 INDEX OF NAMES
JEFFERSON, THOMAS (continued),
begins a new party, PH 397, GW ii. 255, AH 137-140,
JMar 93, JR 58, MVB 56, 465, HC i. 321, TJ 98, 129, 143;
has open breach with Hamilton, GW ii. 224, 229-234, AH
143-150, JMad 186-193, AG 99, MVB 406, TJ 98, 109-
113, 121, 128;
in election of 1792, favors reelection of Washington, GW
ii. 235;
his foreign policy, AH 159, JMad 197, AG 139, TJ 139,
142, 148-151, 161, 167;
opposes neutrality proclamation, GW ii. 146, 170, 171, AH
159, 164, 166, JJ 260, J Mad 195, 196, TJ 133-135;
his relations with Genet, GW ii. 153-158, AH 167-171,
JMar 94, 95, JMad 200-203, 209, TJ 135, 138-142;
his letter to Mazzei published, PH 407, TJ 162, 163;
disapproves suppression of whiskey insurrection, AH 180,
AG 54, T J 151;
resigns from Cabinet, GW ii. 235, AH 173, GM 254, AG 97,
99, TJ 145, 146;
urges Madison to answer " Camillus " letters, GW ii. 206,
AH 188, JMad 198, TJ 151;
elected vice-president, GW ii. 276, JA 256, AH 194, TJ
153, 156;
suggested for Peace Commissioner, AH 200, TJ 159;
attempts to win over Adams, JA 263, 264, 273, TJ 158,
159;
suggests Logan's mission to France, GW ii. 262, 265;
his comments on XYZ affair, AH 202, JMar 126, 127, TJ
169;
denounces Alien and Sedition laws, AG 152, HC i. 32, TJ 172 ;
writes Kentucky Resolutions, PH 408, AH 222, GM 281,
JMad 234-236, JR 27, 34, AJ 252, 255, THB 85, LC 144,
TJ 172, 173;
Federalist opinion of, GW ii. 294, AH 220, GM 288, 291,
JMad 166-168, 176, 177, 244, 247, AG 104, MVB 9, 10;
keeps control over Republican party, JA 280, GM 280,
JMad 245, AG 128, 139, JR 55, 58, 215, 216, LC 246, TJ
176, 235-237, 268;

INDEX OF NAMES 89
defeats Adams in election of 1800, JA 316, GM 286, AG
163, TJ 174-180;
elected by House over Burr, AH 233, AG 164, 167, JR 48,
50, 53, A J 134, TJ 181-183;
significance of his election, JMar 161, JR 60, 62;
denounces midnight appointments, JMar 156-158, JR 62;
his inauguration, JMad 242, 243, JQA 26, TJ 187-189;
his Cabinet, JMad 241, AG 178-180', 283, 284, JR 51, 82;
aims to replace one half of Federalist officials by Republi
cans, JMar 155, 160, 180, AG 281, 282, JQA 28, MVB
48, HC i. 334, TJ 186, 194-200, 202;
Croswell's libel against, AH 236;
urges extinction of debt, AG 203, 244, TJ 288;
recommends a national university, AG 291;
dreads influence of Federalist judiciary, JR 60-62, 81, 95,
TJ 230, 234, 293;
his political methods, JMad 245, AG 188, 286, JR 96, 97;
plans acquisition of New Orleans, JMon 76, 79, JR 75, 82,
TJ 209-216;
assumes responsibility for annexation of Louisiana, JMad
246, 249, AG 195, JMon 80, 90, JQA 130, JR 84, TJ 219;
admits unconstitutionality of Louisiana purchase, JMad 248,
AG 286, JR 87-90, TJ 222-229;
his powers as Governor of Louisiana, JR 92, 93, TJ 222;
anticipates Monroe Doctrine, JMon 166, 168, 169, 171, 173,
TJ 209;
claims West Florida, JR 85, 86, 162, TJ 246, 259, 260, 287;
his first term successful, JMad 252, HC i. 41, TJ 189-191,
235;
reelected in 1804, AG 197, 198, 223, JQA 198, TJ 239-242;
loses support of Randolph on two million scheme, JR 163-
182;
relies for support on Northern Democrats, JR 188;
influenced by the Smiths, AG 164, JR 189;
his foreign policy, JMad 254, 260, AG 291, 292, JR 75, 78,
A J 31, MVB 39, HC i. 68, LC 54, TJ 243-245, 255, 256;
his gunboat policy for defence, JMad 257, 258, AG 288,
289, TJ 259, 260;

90 INDEX OF NAMES
JEFFERSON, THOMAS (continued),
advocates internal improvements, AG 226, 290, HC i. 45,
TJ 261, 262, 294;
suggests distribution of surplus revenue, HC ii. 119;
his instructions to Monroe and Pinckney, JMad 261, JR 190,
JMon 96;
declines to accept Monroe's treaty, JMad 263, JMon 101,
JR 210, 211, HC i. 71, TJ 262, 263;
approves non-importation as a political weapon, JQA 40,
TJ 149, 257, 262, 263;
takes action after Leopard affair, JMad 265, JR 220, TJ
264, 265;
recommends embargo, JMad 267, 268, JQA 54, JR 224,
HC i. 71, DW 43, TJ 266-274;
dictates choice of his successor, JMad 272, JMon 105, JR
177, TJ 282;
loses control of party with failure of embargo, JMad 270,
271, A J 33, MVB 282, HC i. 72, 73, TJ 277-282;
retires, as sage of Monticello, MVB 12, 13, HC i. 127, 128,
TJ 295-297; [302;
connected with University of Virginia, JMon 231, TJ 301,
becomes reconciled with Adams, JA 325;
alarmed at Missouri struggle, HC i. 193, TJ 293:
laments decadence of Republican principles, AG 358, JR
252, MVB 154;
supports Crawford for President in 1824, AG 356;
bis death, JA 325, TJ 306, 307;
his views on coinage, GM 93, 94, AG 172;
on the navy, GM 254, AG 220, JR 73, TJ 106, 237;
on paper money, education, Indian policy, AG 264, 369, 374;
his political principles, GM 119, JMar 174, AG 168, 169,
227, 264, 291, 356, JR 32, 36, 124, 188, 252, HC i. 127,
TJ 80, 100, 115, 205, 273, 274;
relations with contemporaries, BF 399, SA 323, 328, 370,
PH 8-13, 22, 23, 26-33, 64, 84, 94, 123, 168-170, 224-233,
251, 273-275, 285-287, 383, 404, 406, GW ii. 56, 68, 224,
252, 306, 307, JA 126, 258, 269, AH 273, 279, GM 279,

INDEX OF NAMES 91
JJ 36, JMar 132, 154,229, 230, 237, JMad 44, 68-71, 164,
174, 206, 246, AG 133, 158, 203, 298, 300, 331, JMon 15-
18, 77, 129, 173, 240, 247, JQA 65, JR 49, 51, 53, 70, 83,
109, 153, 193, AJ 16, 18, 91, 114, MVB 2, 3, 12, 460, DW
147, JCC 23, THB 244, LC 51, 202;.
judgments upon, GW ii. 27, 28, 69, 157, 251, AH 171, 279,
280, GM 45, 114, 288, 291, JMar 152, 153, JMad 226, 227,
AG 188, JQA 48, 54, JR 58, 66, 156, A J 32, 33, MVB 6-
10, 464, 465, HC i. 72, THB 66.
JOHNSON, ANDREW,
member of Congress, HC ii. 290, AL i. 74, TS 70;
member of Senate, AL i. 297, CS 200;
suggested as emissary to England, SPC 215;
military governor of Tennessee, AL ii. 219, 295, CS 227;
nominated for vice-president, AL ii. 263, 264, CS 272;
his accession to presidency welcomed by radicals, AL ii.
349, WHS 374, CS 291, TS 244;
his stern view of treason, AL ii. 229, WHS 374, CS 293;
repudiates -Sherman's terms to Johnson, AL ii. 239;
follows Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, WHS 374, 375,
379, 381, 382, CS 293, 300, TS 241;
Southern pressure upon, CS 296, TS 241, 242;
issues amnesty proclamation, WHS 376, SPC 334, CS 293;
TS 246, 247;
appoints provisional governors, WHS 377, 378;
not interested in fate of freedmen, SPC 336;
nominates Stanberry for Supreme Court, SPC 342;
his first annual message, WHS 383, 384, CS 304, 305;
vetoes Freedman's Bureau Bill, WHS 385, SPC 337, CS 309,
TS 270;
supported by Seward, WHS 388, 389;
vetoes other bills iu vain, WHS 385, CS 315, 316, 325, 344,
TS 271;
denounces Congress, SPC 338, CS 314, TS 261-265;
disapproves of fourteenth amendment, WHS 386;
tied down by Congress, CS 337;
announces cessation of war, SPC 341 ;

92 INDEX OF NAMES
JOHNSON, ANDREW (continued),
pardons Garland, SPC 347 ;
makes speeches " swinging round the circle," WHS 386,
CS 321, 322, TS 280-284;
uses patronage against Republicans, CS 322, 329, TS 327;
denounced in Congress, CS 323, TS 261-263, 267-270,
334;
vetoes Reconstruction Act, WHS 387, SPC 348, TS 291;
defendant in case of Mississippi vs. Johnson, SPC 349;
anxious to secure trial of Davis, SPC 352;
attempts to remove Stanton in defiance of Tenure of Office
Act, SPC 358, CS 346, TS 328-332;
escapes conviction in impeachment trial, SPC 358-361, CS
347-351, TS 323-327, 333-345; [355;
vetoes act diminishing jurisdiction of Supreme Court, SPC
issues general amnesty, SPC 353;
appoints Reverdy Johnson minister to England, CS 357;
wishes to enforce use of legal tender, SPC 391.
JOHNSON, HERSCHEL V.,
candidate for vice-president in 1860, LC 338, AL i. 164,
WHS 193;
opposes secession in Georgia, AL i. 187.
JOHNSON, REVERDY,
takes part in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 187;
member of Democratic minority in Senate during recon
struction, CS 263, 331;
negotiates treaty with England concerning Alabama claims,
WHS 392, CFA 380, CS 357, 360, 364.
JOHNSON, RICHARD M.,
reputed slayer of Tecumseh, LC 87;
Democratic leader in Kentucky, HC i. 211, 212, 350;
in congressional caucus of 1820, moves not to nominate for
presidency, A J 92;
member of Senate, A J 166, MVB 100;
opposes Florida treaty, JQA 124;
favors Panama Congress, MVB 131 ;
leads agitation for abolition of imprisonment for debt, MVB
27, 142;

INDEX OF NAMES 93
tries to reconcile Adams and Jackson, JQA 240;
acts as go-between in Eaton episode, A J 194, LC 135;
signs report against Bank out of good nature, A J 302;
candidate for Democratic nomination, MVB 239, LC 201-
206, 218;
elected vice-president, AJ 442-449, MVB 259, 260, 281.
JOHNSON, THOMAS,
member of Continental Congress, PH 117, JJ 44, JQA 22,
CFA 1;
nominates Washington for commander-in-chief, JA 96;
member of Supreme Court, CFA 2.
JOHNSON, "WILLIAM,
member of Supreme Court, A J 423;
efforts of Webster to win him over in Dartmouth College
case, DW 84, 90, 91.
JOHNSTON, GENERAL JOSEPH E.,
see index to Lincoln.
JOHNSTONE, GOVERNOR GEORGE,
member of English peace commission, PH 255, GW i. 233.
JONES, JOHN PAUL,
his career, BF 300, 301;
his relations with various statesmen, BF 301, GM 169, 170,
JJ 317.
JONES, JOSEPH,
see index to Monroe.
JONES, SAMUEL,
in New York polities, GM 284, JJ 18, 315, MVB 30.
JONES, -WILLIAM,
secretary of navy, AG 312, JMon 126;
acting secretary of treasury, AJ 360.
JULIAN, GEORGE W.,
Free-Soil candidate for vice-president, LC 290, CS 96;
member of Congress, AL i. 297, ii. 104, 105, 246;
KEITT, LAWRENCE M.,
member of Congress, AL i. 297;
connected with Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 147-150;
his fight with Grow, AL i. 297.

94 INDEX OF NAMES
KENDALL, AMOS,
supports Clay, then Adams in 1824, A J 120;
quarrels with Clay, AJ 183, HC i. 17;
a member of Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 181, MVB 193, HC i.
346;
his attitude toward the spoils system, AJ 188, MVB 208,
209, 211, 261, 262;
appointed fourth auditor, A J 191, 192;
brings Blair to Washington to edit " Globe," AJ 286, 287,
MVB 191, 194;
an enemy of the Bank, AJ 278-280, 346, 347;
opposes nullification, A J 203;
persuades Van Buren of wisdom of removing deposits, AJ
341, 347, MVB 250;
fails to move Duane, A J 350;
manages nomination of Van Buren, AJ 317, 318, MVB
237;
arranges " pet banks," A J 351, 356, 358, MVB 250;
postmaster-general, AJ 409, MVB 194, LC 137;
denounces sending abolition matter through mails, AJ 411,
412, MVB 275, 276, HC ii. 83, CS 39.
KENT, CHANCELLOR JAMES,
his appointment to Supreme Court refused on party grounds,
JMon 138;
career in New York politics, AG 366, MVB 26, 30;
connected with Dartmouth College case, DW 90, 91;
an Anti-Mason, MVB 246;
in New York Constitutional Convention, MVB 77, 84;
upholds English right to search for slaves, CS 30;
judgments on, MVB 19, 44, 246, CS 30.
KEYES, GENERAL ERASMUS D.,
see index to Lincoln.
KING, PRESTON,
a Barnburner, MVB 425, HC ii. 304, 311, TS 69;
in Congress, SPC 114, TS 69;
candidate for Republican nomination, 1856, SPC 160.

INDEX OF NAMES 95
KING, RUFUS,
his connection with Northwest Ordinance, JMon 25, 26;
Federalist leader in New York, GM 283, JJ 248, 250, MVB
39;
in New York Constitutional Convention, MVB 77, 82;
exposes Genet, GW ii. 159, J J 258;
minister to England, AH 212, JMar 150, 151;
candidate for vice-president, TJ 241 ;
Senator from New York, AH 81, GM 219, MVB 68-72,
117;
supports War of 1812, GM 307;
candidate for President, 1816, JMon 128, HC i. 140;
opposes admission of Missouri as slave State, JMon 147,
MVB 73, 74;
minister to England under J. Q. Adams, AG 342, JQA
177, 178, HC i. 259, 298;
opposes slave trade in Florida, MVB 93;
opposes tariff, MVB 99, 100.
KING, WILLIAM R.,
opposes repeal of four years' term in civil service, HC ii. 69;
in Senate, HC ii. 330;
candidate for vice-president in 1852, LC 288.
KIRKLAND, REV. SAMUEL,
negotiates with Six Nations, PH 174, GW ii. 101.
KNOX, HENRY,
present at Boston Massacre, SA 147;
his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 152, 283, 285, 295;
secretary of war, GW ii. 7, 30, 39, 65, 71, TJ 88, AG 97;
wishes sharp measures against Genet, GW ii. 154, 155, TJ
134, JMad 201, AH 166;
has dispute with Hamilton over rank in provisional army,
GW ii. 286, 289, J A 284, 285, AH 203, 204;
judgment on, GW ii. 65.
KOSSUTH, LOUIS,
his career in Hungary, HC ii. 392;
his journey in America, HC ii. 393-396, DW 326, THB
243, WHS 106-108, CS 90.

96 INDEX OF NAMES
KREMER, GEORGE,
circulates story of bargain between Clay and Adams, JQA
171, 180, AJ 120, 121, HC i. 243, 257;
refuses to testify before House Committee, JQA 181, AJ
121, HC i. 244, 245;
not the real author, A J 121, HC i. 246;
ready to apologize, JQA 187, HC i. 244;
opens Democratic convention of 1835, MVB 258.
LAFAYETTE, MARIE JEAN PAUL MOTIER, MAR
QUIS DE,
his motives in aiding colonists, AH 50, GM 74;
recommended to Washington by Franklin, BF 276 ;
his opinion of continental troops, GW i. 196, 293;
career in Revolutionary War, GW 222, 225, 233, 235, 245,
253, 254, 256, 307, 308, 312, AG 288, 289, 371, JMon 10;
desires conquest of Canada, GW i. 254, 256;
connected with Andre's trial, GW i. 285, 287;
returns to Europe, BF 298;
secures sending of French army to America, GW i. 264,
274, 280, 283;
helps Franklin to raise money, BF 333;
career in the French Revolution, GM 156, 159, 193, 194,
208-211, 221, 226, 237, TJ 78;
attempts of American statesmen to aid when imprisoned,
GW ii. 365, GM 238, 273-276, AG 102, JMon 59, 152,
153;
in 1813 tries to induce the Czar to mediate between Eng
land and United States, AG 315;
visits the United States, AG 364, 365, JMon 153-155, 206,
251, HC i. 234, WHS 6, 17;
career in Revolution of 1830, AG 370, 371 ;
his friendships with various American statesmen, GW i.
192, 249, ii. 334, 365, 366, AH 25, 295, GM 153, 154, 193,
194, 208, 209, 210, 211, 226, J J 191, 208, 209, 213, 214,
304, TJ 77, 78, JMon 157, 232, HC i. 235;
judgments upon, AH 50, GM 74, 153, 156, 192, 237, 238,
AG 9.

INDEX OF NAMES 97
LAFAYETTE, MADAME DE,
aided by American statesmen, GW ii. 366, GM 238, 239,
JMon 59, 153.
LAMB, JOHN,
Whig leader in New York, PH 342, JJ 25, 28, 29.
LAMON, WARD H„
accompanies Lincoln to Washington, AL i. 213, 214;
visits Charleston in 1861, WHS 247;
removed from marshalship by Chase, SPC 322.
LANEi, JOSEPH,
candidate for vice-presidency, LC 339, AL i. 164, WHS
193.
LANGDON, JOHN,
in continental Congress, PH 175;
comment of Randolph on, JR 112.
LANSING, JOHN,
opponent in New York of federal Constitution, AH 56, 70,
JJ 225.
LAURENS, HENRY,
connected with Conway cabal, GW i. 222;
appointed peace commissioner, BF 349, GW i. 299, JJ 127,
149, TJ 66;
captured, BF 324, JJ 118;
president of Congress, J J 98, 99;
relations with Franklin, BF 264, 399.
LAURENS, JOHN,
financial dealings during Revolution, BF 328, 329, AH 33.
LAWRENCE, ABBOTT,
denounces Van Buren for causing panic of 1837, MVB 320,
321.
leading " Cotton Whig " in Massachusetts, CFA 74-80.
LAWRENCE, WILLIAM BEACH,
quoted, J J 170, AG 22, JMon 78;
relations with statesmen, AG 344, 346, 384, CS 346.
LEAR, TOBIAS,
quoted, PH 353, GW ii. 263, 299-305, 385;
relations with Jefferson, TJ 165.

98 INDEX OF NAMES
LECKY, W. E. H,
quoted, SA 76, 77, GM 102, 103, TS 303.
LEE, ARTHUR,
agent for Massachusetts in England, BF 141, SA 171;
influences Beaumarchais to aid colonies, BF 226 ;
commissioner at French court, BF 232, 274-278, 290, JA
146, J J 134;
at Madrid, BF 298, 317, JA 150, JJ 114;
slanders Deane, Franklin, and others, BF 141, 194, 238-240,
265, 266, 291-293, 297, J J 96;
quarrels with Franklin, BF 275, 290, 299, JA 147, 148;
his evil influence, BF 291, 299;
his character, BF 220, 291, 317, JJ 113.
LEE, GENERAL CHARLES,
predicts war and independence of colonies, PH 130, 131,
193-196;
appointed second in command to Washington, SA 305, PH
154, 172, GW i. 136, 140;
captured by British, GW i. 175;
member of Conway cabal, PH 244;
his misconduct at Monmouth, SA 341, GW i. 234-237;
his political principles, PH 215.
LEE, HENRY,
his ancestry, GW i. 96, ii. 362;
in Virginia convention of 1776, PH 190, 200, 212;
in War of Revolution, GW i. 269, JMar 22;
favors ratification of federal constitution, PH 320, JMar
64;
Governor of Virginia, PH 398;
commands troops against whiskey msurrection, AW ii. 127,
AG 88-90;
reconciles Henry and Washington, PH 398-403;
in Congress, JMar 136-140.
LEE, RICHARD HENRY,
radical Whig leader in Virginia, PH 66, 95, 151, 152, 190,
202, 252, 253, 275, JMon 56;
a leader in desiring independence, SA 306;

INDEX OF NAMES 99
offers resolution to declare independence, SA 312, JA 119,
122, TJ 28;
his career in continental Congress, SA 328, PH 99, 101,
112, 117, 118, 173, JMar 2, JMon 25;
unfriendly to Washington, PH 243, 253, GW i. 214, TJ
30, 31;
his career in Virginia legislature, PH 295, 296;
opposes ratification of federal constitution, SA 360, PH
305, 319, 320, JMad 112;
elected to United States Senate, PH 350, 353, JMar 88,
JMad 124, JMon 33;
returns to support of Washington, PH 398.
LEE, ROBERT E.,
see index to Lincoln;
judgments on, GM 45, 283, 313, THB 34.
LEGARE, HUGH S.,
secretary of state under Tyler, JCC 224, LC 211.
LEIGH, BENJAMIN WATKINS,
his career at Virginia bar, JMar 169, 277;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 240;
Virginian envoy to South Carolina in 1833, LC 150;
refuses to obey state legislature by voting for expunging
resolutions, A J 366;
declines nomination for vice-president, HC ii. 181.
LEONARD, DANIEL,
leading Tory writer in Massachusetts, SA 183, 187, 250,
PH 82, 83, JA 81.
LETCHER, ROBERT P.,
in 1825 urges Adams to give Clay an office, AJ 124, HC i.
247;
moves compromise tariff, HC ii. 19;
derides Polk's nomination, MVB 412.
LEWIS, SIR GEORGE CORNEWALL,
see index to C. F. Adams.
LEWIS, MORGAN,
Jeffersonian leader in New York, AH 80, 81, 236, 237,
MVB 42;

100 INDEX OF NAMES
elected Governor, AH 243, MVB 44;
turns against Clinton, MVB 44, 45.
LEWIS, WILLIAM B.,
his career as manager for Jackson, AJ 52, 60-62, 95, 98,
MVB 207;
originates political wire-pulling, AJ 96-98, 455;
manages campaign of 1828, AJ 99, 106, 118, 121, 135, 147,
148, HC i. 225;
in Kitchen Cabinet, A J 181, MVB 193, HC i. 346;
accepts office reluctantly, A J 183;
his attitude toward spoils system, A J 188, 207, 446;
his share in Eaton affair, A J 195;
brings about rupture between Calhoun and Jackson, A J
197-200, 211, MVB 186;
arranges Jackson's second term and Van Buren's succession,
AJ 200-206, 317, 323, MVB 189, 237;
opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346-349, HC ii. 27, LC
151;
turned out of office by Polk, AJ 454-456.
LIANCOURT, FRANCOIS A. F., DUC DE,
in America, GW ii. 253, JMar 47, 48.
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM,
see special index in volumes on Abraham Lincoln;
member of Congress, HC ii. 289, AL i. 75-80;
his joint debates with Douglas, SPC 143, 174, 180, CFA
107, CS 169, AL i. 114-150;
condemns Dred Scott decision, WHS 172, AL i. 127-129,
141-143;
nominated for President, WHS 194, 195, 201, SPC 180-
188, 193-195, CFA 114, TS 112, AL i. 162-172;
his position at the time on slavery, MVB 272, 416, THB
260, LC 234;
elected, MVB 445, LC 339, SPC 196, CS 176, 177, TS 112,
113, AL i. 178, 179;
opposes compromises in winter of 1861, CS 193, AL i. 202,
210;

INDEX OF NAMES 101
his inaugural address, SPC 207, CS 194, AL i. 220, 221;
selects a comprehensive Cabinet, WHS 213-215, 226-230,
SPC 197-206, CFA 143-145, CS 136, AL i. 234-238;
his connection with spoils system, MVB 3, 215, WHS 267,
SPC 217, 219, 304, 305, 315-317, CFA 126, CS 195, AL ii.
341;
supported by war Democrats, MVB 447;
hesitates with regard to Fort Sumter, WHS 232-235, 246,
SPC 208, 209, AL i. 244-250;
decides to relieve it, WHS 235, AL i. 248-250;
not recognized at first as leader by members of Cabinet,
SPC 207, 293, 294, CFA 181, AL i. 232, 233, 273, 274;
rejects Seward's proposal for vigorous foreign policy, WHS
254-262, SPC 210, CFA 191, AL i. 278-280;
modifies Seward's instructions to Adams, WHS 279, CFA
179, AL i. 373-375;
calls for volunteers, SPC 211, CFA 149, TS 139, 140, AL
i. 252, 253;
proclaims blockade of South, CFA 178, TS 185, AL i. 283 ;
suspends writ of habeas corpus, WHS 293-295, TS 194,
195, AL i. 287;
defies Taney in Merryman case, SPC 327, AL i. 288;
proclaims union to be object of war, WHS 335, 336, AL i.
227, 228;
takes cautious attitude in Trent affair, WHS 306-310, CFA
233, CS 209-212, 216, AL i. 382-387;
supports McClellan, SPC 294, 295, AL ii. 66-68;
does not interfere with Treasury Department, SPC 225-228,
237, 259, 278, 287, AL i. 170, 171;
annuls Fremont's emancipation order, SPC 256, CS 198, AL
ii. 7;
annuls Hunter's emancipation proclamation, SPC 262, AL
ii. 7;
submits emancipation to Cabinet, WHS 336, SPC 264-270,
AL ii. 113-116;
issues Emancipation Proclamation, CFA 291, CS 229, 230,
TS 217-222, AL ii. 116, 131;

102 INDEX OF NAMES
LINCOLN, ABRAHAM (continued),
denounced by English, CFA 292-304;
suggests recognition of Hayti and Liberia, CS 221, AL ii. 10;
reconstitutes Supreme Court, SPC 324, 325;
opposition to, in Congress, TS 144, 192, AL ii. 234, 235;
urged by Republicans to dismiss Seward, WHS 332, 333,
SPC 302-304, AL ii. 176;
manages to retain Seward and Chase in Cabinet, WHS 333,
AL ii. 177;
secures reconstruction in various States, SPC 330, 332, CS
227, 282,ALii. 217-222;
urges compensated emancipation, SPC 260, 261, CS 204,
205, 207, 237, TS 216, 222, AL ii. 10, 11, 19-29, 126-
129;
unpopular with politicians, SPC 310, 311, AL ii. 104-106;
issues amnesty proclamation, WHS 366, 367, SPC 330,
331, CS 283, TS 232, AL ii. 222-227;
vetoes Reconstruction Act, WHS 369, 370, SPC 332, CS 284,
TS 237, AL ii. 233;
his position regarding reconstruction, WHS 370-373, SPC
329, CS 255, 256, TS 231, 239-241, AL ii. 216;
indifferent to negro suffrage, SPC 273, AL ii. 230;
opposition to his renomination, SPC 312, CS 271, AL ii. 245-
252;
renominated and reelected, SPC 314, TS 226, AL ii. 260-
264, 291-295;
signs resolution excluding reconstructed States from elec
tion, WHS 370, TS 239, AL ii. 296, 297;
appoints Chase Chief Justice, SPC 319, 321, CS 278, AL
ii. 298, 299;
assassinated, SPC 333, CS 290, AL ii. 341-347;
relations with contemporaries, WHS 227, 261-262, 332,
SPC 211, 290-294, 297-299, 303, 306, 307, 312, 315-318,
431, CFA 146, 183, CS 199, 236, 288, 289, AL i. 275-
280, ii. 250, 251;
judgments on, GW i. 349, ii. 308-313, GM 44, 115, 119,
120, HC i. 321, JCC 351, THB 111, 141, SPC 310, 430,

INDEX OF NAMES 103
CFA 182, 183, CS 272-274, 292, 432, TS 242, 243, 308,
321, AL ii. 354-357.
LINCOLN, BENJAMIN,
career in War of Revolution, GW i. 210, 223, 274, JMad
19;
suppresses Shays's rebellion, SA 352, JMad 73;
treats with Creeks, GW ii. 90;
declines seuatorship, DW 139.
LINCOLN, LEVI,
said to have stopped midnight appointments, JMar 154,
155, TJ 186;
attorney-general, AG 285, JR 103;
thinks annexation by purchase unconstitutional, AG 285;
arranges compromise in Yazoo affair, JR 103;
defends Adams against proposed censure, JQA 276.
LINDSAY, -WILLIAM S.,
see index to C. F. Adams.
LIVERPOOL, ROBERT B. JENKINSON, EARL OP,
not connected with Henry letters, JMad 300;
his policy during peace negotiations at Ghent, AG 319,
321, 322, JQA 93, HC i. 108, 118.
LIVINGSTON, BROCKHOLST,
accompanies Jay to Spain, JJ 115, 122;
member of Supreme Court, MVB 41, DW 84, 90, 91.
LIVINGSTON, EDWARD,
practices before Supreme Court, JJ 237;
leader of Republicans in Congress, AG 100, JR 40, MVB
41;
attacks Jay treaty, GW ii. 207, AG 109, 110;
refuses to vote for complimentary resolution to Washing
ton, AG 129, A J 14;
attacks Alien and Sedition acts, AG 157;
offers resolutions of censure on Adams, JMar 140;
mayor of New York, MVB 49;
at New Orleans in 1819, A J 44;
supports Jackson for President, AJ 99, 118, 135, MVB
156;

104 INDEX OF NAMES
secretary of state, AJ 212, MVB 194, 199, HC i. 348, LC
137;
writes nullification proclamation, AJ 328, MVB 248, 249,
THB 90, LC 148;
minister to France, JQA 238, AJ 403-407, HC ii. 27, 54,
55, LC 167.
LIVINGSTON, PHILIP,
in continental Congress, PH 108, 172, 173, JA 66, JJ 29,
30, 47.
LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R.,
his influence in New York, MVB 41;
on committee to organize New York government, GM 58,
65, J J 49, 68, 60;
on committee to prepare Declaration of Independence, SA
313, J A 123, GM 52, TJ 29;
secretary of foreign affairs, BF 323, 334, 335, J J 141, 169,
172, 184, 191;
condemns Peace Commissioners for concluding treaty with
out France, BF 388, J A 221;
plans land bank for New York, AH 47;
chancellor of New York, GW ii. 46, JJ 79, MVB 41;
administers oath at Washington's inauguration, GW ii. 46;
favors ratification of Constitution, AH 70;
quarrels with Hamilton and joins Republicans, GM 284,
J J 246, JMar 126, JMad 175, MVB 42;
beaten by Jay for Governor, J J 292, MVB 41;
minister to Franoe, TJ 211, JMon 79, 80;
his connection with Louisiana purchase, TJ 215-218, AG
193, JMon 81-93, JR 85.
LIVINGSTON, WILLIAM,
in continental Congress, AH 108, JJ 31, 41, 44.
LLOYD, JAMES,
in United States Senate, JQA 57, JR 217, 232.
LOGAN, GEORGE,
goes on volunteer mission to Franoe, GW ii. 262-265;
member of Congress, JR 186.
LONG, JAMES,
proclaims independence of Texas, AJ 413, HC ii. 88.

INDEX OF NAMES 105
LONGFELLOW, HENRY W.,
see index to Sumner.
LONGSTREET, GENERAL JAMES,
see index to Lincoln.
LOUAILLER, LOUIS,
see index to Jackson.
LOUDOUN, JOHN CAMPBELL, EARL OF,
his inefficiency as military head of colonies, BF 64, 65, GW
i. 91.
LOUIS XVI.,
dislikes American Revolution, JJ 132;
reluctant to commit France to aiding colonies, BF 226,
228, J J 134;
his relations with Franklin, BF 283, 401;
his career during French Revolution, GM 217, 221, 226,
228, 249, AG 56;
aided by Morris, GM 217, 221, 225;
opinions on, GM 187, 188, 194, 223, 227.
LOUIS XVIII.,
opinions on, GM 267, AG 331, 332.
LOUIS PHILIPPE,
his early career, GM 276;
his relations with Morris, GM 180, 276, 277, LC 173;
gains throne of France, AJ 217, MVB 227;
tries to settle French spoliation claims, AJ 402, 408, HC
ii. 53, 54, LC 168, MVB 216;
his relations with Cass, LC 173, 174.
LOVEJOY, ELIJAH P.,
murdered in Illinois, MVB 359, HC ii. 75, AL i. 56, CFA
33-35, CS 39.
LOVEJOY, OWEN,
tries to get Lincoln to join Free-Soilers, AL i. 95, 97;
in Congress, AL i. 297, WHS 221, TS 217, CFA 110;
denounces England after Trent affair, AL i. 386;
supports Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 256.
LOWELL, JOHN,
New England disunionist in 1814, GM 310, JQA 50.

106 INDEX OF NAMES
LOWNDES, WILLIAM,
a war Republican, HC i. 78, 80, DW 47;
supports tariff of 1816, HC i. 130;
makes report on currency, A J 389;
defends Florida treaty, HC i. 165;
in Missouri struggles, HC i. 185;
presidential candidate in 1824, AJ 102.
LUNDY, BENJAMIN,
early abolitionist, HC ii. 71, SPC 36, CS 37.
LUZERNE, ANNE-CESAR, CHEVALIER DE LA,
minister to United States, BF 351, 387, JA 175, JJ 160,
171, 195, 196, 205;
bribes American writers, J J 139;
induces Congress to appoint a peace commission, BF 363,
J A 205;
leads Congress to instruct commissioners in interests of
France and Spain, JA 206, AH 37, JJ 123, 127, 138-147,
161;
betrays Morris to English ministry, GM 205, 256.
LYNCH, THOMAS,
in continental Congress, BF 209, PH 104-107, 112, 172.
LYON, MATTHEW,
has fight with Griswold, AG 141, JR 106;
defends Yazoo compromise, JR 107.
LYONS, RICHARD BICKERTON PEMELL, LORD,
minister to United States, WHS 222, 223, 282, 285, 341,
CFA 171, 206;
suggested as arbitrator between North and South, AL i.
281;
his conduct in Trent affair, AL i. 383, 384, WHS 303-305,
CFA 236, CS 208.
McARTHUR, DUNCAN,
see index to Cass.
McCLELLAN, GEORGE B.,
for his career in War of Rebellion, see index to Lincoln ;
relations with Chase, SPC 213, 224, 294, 295;

INDEX OF NAMES 107
candidate for presidency, AL ii. 97, 265, 275, 286, 287, TS
226;
judgments on, GM 64, AL i. 306, 310, 311, ii. 42-44, 135,
TS 197, 198, 315.
MoCLURE, ALEXANDER K.,
quoted, AL ii. 106, TS 51, 92, 93.
Mcculloch, hugh,
secretary of treasury, SPC 390, TS 241.
McDOUGALL, ALEXANDER,
Whig leader in New York during Revolution, SA 280, GM
9, JJ 26-29, 47, 52, 56.
MoDOWELL, GENERAL LRVIN,
see index to Lincoln.
Mcduffie, george,
his report on banking in 1816, AG 263;
attacks internal improvements, DW 133, 168;
opposes tariff, A J 247, 258, 263, LC 143;
supports Bank against Jackson, A J 284, 300, 301, 344;
persuades Calhoun to accept State Department, JCC 226;
advocates annexation of Texas, THB 267, 270;
promises that Calhoun will not submit annexation resolution
to Texas, JCC 253, THB 277;
favors war with Mexico, JCC 279;
thinks Oregon valueless, THB 247.
McHENRY, JAMES,
in Revolutionary War, GW i. 284;
secretary of war under Washington and Adams, GW ii. 246,
260, JA 270, 278, AH 207;
quarrels with Adams, JA 278, 306;
aids Hamilton against Adams, JA 314;
forced to resign, JA 308, AH 226, JMar 148.
McKEAN, THOMAS,
in continental Congress, PH 108;
in Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, AG 43;
his action in whiskey insurrection, AG 77;
gives letters to Logan, GW ii. 265;
Governor of Pennsylvania, AG 166.

108 INDEX OF NAMES
MeKENZIE, WILLIAM L..
see index to Van Buren.
McLANE, LOUIS,
his controversy with Randolph in Congress, JR 290, 291;
opposes Panama Congress, JMon 176;
minister to England, AJ 210, 215, MVB 219-223, . DW
205, 206;
secretary of treasury, AJ 212, MVB 199, HC i. 348, LC
137;
reports extinction of public debt, AG 269;
reports tariff bill, A J 264;
proposes sale of public lands and distribution of proceeds,
A J 233, HC i. 370;
reports in favor of Bank, A J 288, HC i. 355;
secretary of state, A J 345, MVB 255, HC ii. 27;
opposes removal of deposits, AJ 346, MVB 250, LC 154.
McLEAN, JOHN T.,
postmaster-general under Monroe, JMon 130;
while in Adams's Cabinet works for Jackson's election, JQA
205, 206, A J 142, 143, 146, HC i. 258, 259, 281, 282;
refuses to proscribe clerks to please Jackson, AJ 183, MVB
207;
appointed to Supreme Court, JQA 206, AJ 182, 423, 424,
MVB 179;
in Van Zandt case, SPC 76;
declines Anti-Masonic nomination, AJ 295, MVB 245;
candidate for Whig nomination for presidency, AJ 444,
SPC 86;
candidate for Free-Soil nomination, SPC 98, CFA 98;
candidate for Republican nomination, WHS 145, AL i. 169,
170, SPC 180, 181, 189, TS 112.
McLEOD, ALEXANDER,
his share in Caroline affair, WHS 27, 28;
arrested by New York for murder of Durfree, DW 241,
242, THB 239, LC 176, WHS 28;
his release demanded by England, DW 241, 242, THB 240,
LC 176, WHS 28, 29;

INDEX OF NAMES 109
controversy over, between United States and New York,
DW 243, 260, THB 240, WHS 29, 30;
tried and acquitted, DW 246, LC 178, WHS 30, 31.
MACON, NATHANIEL,
opposes complimentary address to Washington, AG 129;
Republican leader of Congress under Adams, AG 159, 160,
JR 40;
leader with Randolph in Jefferson's administration, JR 54,
57, 82, 84, 124, 164, 188, 203;
introduces Navigation Act, AG 296 ;
refuses to join Randolph in seceding from Republicans, JR
221,228;
his relations with Randolph, JR 157, 188, 232, 233, 250;
returns to old Republican principles after 1820, AG 356,
AJ 110, JR 285.
MA.DISON, JAMES,
see special index to volume on Madison ;
his birthplace, JMar 2, JMon 5, JMad 1-10;
aids in formation of Virginia constitution, PH 190, 200,
204, JMad 15, 16;
his career in Virginia legislature, PH 295, TJ 37, 64, JMad
17, 45-67;
in congress of the Confederation, AH 35, JMad 20-41, 74;
works to strengthen federal government, GW ii. 19, 29,
TJ84, JMad 47, 76-82;
describes anger of South over proposed surrender of Missis
sippi navigation, PH 308-316, J J 210, JMad 81-83;
member of Federal Convention, GM 115, 120-143, JMon
28, JMad 84-109;
his share in slavery compromises, GM 140, JMad 92-109;
writes part of " Federalist," AH 66, GM 144, JJ225, JMad
111, 112;
advocates ratification of Constitution in Virginia Conven
tion, PH 320, 333, JMar 64, JMon 28, JMad 113-116;
defeated for Senator, PH 351, JMar 88, JMad 119;
elected to Congress in spite of gerrymandered district, PH
351, 354, JMad 119-121;

110 INDEX OF NAMES
MADISON, JAMES (continued),
leads Congress to propose first ten amendments, PH 354,
355, AG 40, JMad 139;
opposes funding of debt at face value to holders, AH 117,
JMad 147-149;
opposes establishment of Bank of United States, AH 129,
JMad 162, 163;
joins opposition in Congress, PH 397, AH 117, 118, 139,
173, 175, TJ 149, AG 99, JMad 164-167, 181-184;
aids Freneau to establish paper, TJ 114, JMad 168-172;
leads Republicans in House, AG 100, 108, JMad 222, 233;
revises Washington's Farewell Address, JMon 167;
votes for resolutions of censure on Hamilton, AH 146, 148
JMad 189-192;
declines to encounter Hamilton in controversy over Jay
treaty, AH 188, TJ 151;
opposes Jay Treaty in Congress, AG 111-118, JMad 216,217;
writes Virginia resolutions, PH 408, GM 314, TJ 172, JR
27, 35, 251, A J 253, JMad 230-235;
recognized leader next to Jefferson, AG 168, 295, JR 55,
57;
declines French mission, GW ii. 211, JA 273, AH 200, TJ
159, JMon 40;
secretary of state under Jefferson, JMar 154, TJ 188, JQA
68, JR 114, 161, 187, JMad 241-269;
his views on appointments to office, AG 281, JR 199, HC
ii. 64, CFA 24, 28;
in case of Marbury vs. Madison, JMar 180, 181;
his connection with Louisiana treaty, JMon 86, 89, 91, JR
91;
his connection with Monroe-Pinckney treaty, JMon 96, 99,
100, JR 210, JMad 263;
negotiates for acquisition of West Florida, JR 165, 166, 181,
182, A J 24, HC i. 58, 59;
writes " Examination of British Trade Doctrine," JR 176,
JMad 257;
arranges Yazoo compromise, JR 103;

INDEX OF NAMES 111
feud of Randolph with, JR 109, 153, 175-180, 182, 200-
202;
turns for support to Northern Democrats, JR 188 ;
succeeds Jefferson as President, TJ 282, JMon 105, 107,
JR 160, 195-197, 212, 228, 231, 233, JMad 272;
his foreign pohcy, TJ 288, AG 295, JMon 107, JR 187, HC
i. 171, JMad 258, 280, 291;
appoints J. Q. Adams minister to England, JQA 69, 70,
CFA 4;
his government by proclamation, HC i. 73, JMad 274-276;
outwitted by Napoleon, HC i. 77, JMad 283-285, 288, 292,
293, 305-307;
pushed into War of 1812 by West, AJ 33, 34, HC i. 78-85,
JCC 20, JMad 293;
said to have advocated war for sake of securing renomina
tion, HC i. 84, JMad 295-297, 301, 303, 308;
on John Henry letters, HC i. 82, JMad 297, 298, 303;
evades responsibility for war, AG 205, HC i. 73, JCC 20,
21;
offers Jefferson State Department, TJ 289;
in election of 1812, MVB 58, HC i. 89, 90;
his part in Smith-Gallatin feud, AG 230, 231, 294-299, JR
233, 239, 240;
his conduct of the war, JMon 111-120, 122-124, MVB 59,
HC i. 126, JMad 309-311, 315, 316;
his share in peace negotiations, AG 312, 326, HC i. 100, 101,
109, JMad 308;
vetoes Bank Bill, 1815, AG 266, A J 265, DW 62;
signs Bank Act, 1816, AG 265, 266, DW 204, JMad 319;
unable to hold party to old principles, JR 252, HC i. 128,
JMad 314;
vetoes bill for internal improvements, HC i. 138, DW 66;
favors Crawford for presidency, AG 356;
connected with University of Virginia, JMon 231;
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, JMar 239;
opposes nullification doctrine, JR 253, 254, JMad 238-240;
his views on slavery, HC ii. 86, 87, JMad 320, 321;

112 INDEX OF NAMES
MADISON, JAMES (continued),
Federalist view of, AH 220, MVB 39, HC i. 59, JMad 172-
176, 180;
judgments upon, PH 296, 300, 303, 314, TJ 155, AG 179,
284, 296-299, JR 69, 237, MVB 59, 146, 464, HC i. 78,
DW 339;
relations with contemporaries, PH 84, 295, 317, 343, 344,
GM 120, 297, JMar 272, TJ 87, 286, 289, 305, AG 99,
230, 231, 284, 300, 330, JMon 2, 28, 129, 225-230, 240,
JR 109, 153, 165, 181, 190, DW 59.
MALLARY, ROLLIN C,
see index to Jackson.
MANGUM, WILLIE P.,
member of Congress, HC ii. 69, 330;
admits error of nullifiers, A J 338;
receives electoral vote of South Carolina in 1836, AJ 448 ;
advises Fillmore to appoint Webster secretary of state, HC
ii. 355.
MANN, ABIJAH,
Democratic leader in New York, JQA 273, 274, HC ii.
312.
MANN, HORACE,
Free-Soil leader, CS 74;
member of House in 1849, CFA 103, CS 88, TS 69, 86;
thinks Calhoun is plotting secession in 1849, JCC 319.
MANSFIELD, LORD JAMES,
settles dispute of Pennsylvania with Penn family, BF 70, 71 ;
upholds power of Parliament over colonies, BF 118, SA
73-75;
condemns colonial leaders, BF 136, SA 192, 270.
MARBOIS, FRANCOIS DE BARBE,
secretary of French legation to United States, J J 139, 143;
opposes American claims, J J 168-170;
as Napoleon's agent, arranges sale of Louisiana, JMon
78-91.
MARCHAND, JOHN B.,
see index to C. F. Adams.

INDEX OF NAMES 113
MARCY, "WILLIAM L„
member of Albany Regency in New York politics, MVB
69, 111, 112, 174, THB 73;
asserts that "to the victors belong the spoils," AJ 211,
MVB 232, HC i. 368, THB 73, 74;
alarmed at speculation in 1836, A J 380, MVB 302, 303;
calls out New York militia at time of Canadian rebellion,
MVB 355;
leader of Hunkers, MVB 415, 417, HC ii. 304, THB 96;
supports compromise of 1850, MVB 437;
candidate for Democratic nomination in 1852, LC 288,
WHS 112;
secretary of state, CFA 201.
MARSHALL, JAMES,
see index to Gallatin.
MARSHALL, JOBN,
studies law under Wythe, TJ 7, HC i. 7, JMar 8, 25;
serves in War of Revolution, JMon 89, JMar 10-24;
describes feeling in Virginia over proposed surrender of
Mississippi navigation, PH 310;
advocates ratification of Constitution in Virginia Conven
tion, PH 320, JMon 28, JMar 55-85;
counsel for Virginia in British debts case, PH 360, JMar
37-44;
Federalist leader in Virginia, GM 282;
on special commission to France, GW ii. 284, JA 277, TJ
161, AG 139, 152, JMar 100;
his conduct in XYZ affair, JA 278, AH 200, TJ 107,
JMar 104-121;
brings news to America, JA 282, AH 202, JMar 126-129;
elected to Congress, PH 410, JMar 133, 134;
his career in Congress, AG 158, JMar 131-147;
supports Adams as President, AH 282, GM 285, JMar 142;
secretary of state, J A 316, JMar 147-157;
his connection with midnight appointments, TJ 186, JMar
154-157;
appointed Chief Justice, JR 62, JMar 161 ;

114 INDEX OF NAMES
MARSHALL, JOHN (continued),
his influence on the Constitution, JR 65, JMar 170-179;
really attacked in impeachment of Chase, JR 129;
in Burr case subpoenas Jefferson, TJ 251, JMar 199-227;
his life of Washington denounced by Republicans, TJ 305,
JMar 228-237;
his decision in case of Fletcher vs Peck, JR 104, 108, 109,
JMar 184-188;
his opinion in McCulloch vs Maryland, AH 103, 104, TJ
107, DW 203, JMar 191-196;
influenced by Federalist prejudices in Dartmouth College
case, DW 80, 84-93, JMar 188-191 ;
connected with Anti-Masons, WHS 13, 14;
defied by Jackson in Cherokee case, LC 161;
his decision reversed iu case of Briscoe vs Bank of Ken
tucky, A J 423;
his death, A J 362, JMar 274, 275;
relations with contemporaries, PH 410, 411, GW ii. 392,
AH 282, AG 29, AJ 227, MVB 319, HC i. 257;
judgments upon, PH 366, AG 103, 104, JJ 254, JR 63,
AJ 425, 426, DW 37, 97, 106, SPC 319, 425.
MARSHALL, THOMAS F.,
attacks Adams in Congress, JQA 263, 282, 283;
war debate with Clay, HC i. 328.
MARTIN, LUTHER,
member of Federal Convention, JMad 75, 88, 89;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 330;
practices before Supreme Court, JMar 192;
counsel for Chase in impeachment trial, JR 140-150;
as counsel for Burr attacks Jefferson, TJ 251, JMar 208,
219.
MARTINEAU, HARRIET,
her observations on America quoted, AJ 184, 331, 430,
432, LC 25, 99, CS 21, 26.
MASON, GEORGE,
leader of hberal Whigs in Virginia, PH 95, 190, 210, 212,
JMon 2;

INDEX OF NAMES 115
writes Virginia bill of rights, PH 200, 202, 204, 208, TJ
37;
in Federal Convention denounces slavery, GM 138, JMad
102, 106, JMon 28;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 315, 316, 320, GW
ii. 71, JMar 64, 82, 83, JMad 112, JMon 29, JR 17, 18,
DW 172;
leader of Republicans, PH 342, AH 141;
relations with Washington, GW ii. 362, 381.
MASON, JAMES M.,
member of Senate, HC ii. 330, CS 89;
leads slavery extensionists, HC ii. 350, DW 311, 317;
reads Calhoun's last speech, HC ii. 338, JCC 338;
drafts Fugitive Slave Bill, HC ii. 349, CS 69;
has quarrel with Sumner, CS 112-116, 143;
approves of Brooks's attack on Sumner, CS 148, 150;
plans secession in 1860, WHS 209, CS 188;
captured by Wilkes from the "Trent," AL i. 380, 381,
385, WHS 297, 298, 318, CFA 199, 211, 238, 239, CS
208, 209;
his career as Confederate emissary in England, CFA 332-
339, 350. .
MASON, JEREMIAH,
his legal career, DW 37-44, 59, 74-83;
his relations with Webster, DW 37, 38, 41, 124, 143;
elected to Senate, AJ 141, DW 145;
president of New Hampshire branch of United States
Bank, A J 271, HC i. 353;
controversy over his appointment between Kitchen Cabinet
and Biddle, AJ 272, 273, HC i. 353, 354.
MASON, JOHN Y.,
connected with Ostend manifesto, LC 313.
MASON, STEVENS THOMPSON,
betrays Jay treaty to public,- GW ii. 185, AG 103;
killed in a duel, JQA 103, 104.
MATTHEWS, GENERAL EDWARD,
makes raid into Virginia, PH 257, 264, 267, GW i. C69.

116 INDEX OF NAMES
MAYNARD, HORACE,
in Congress, AL i. 298, TS 257, 315, 316;
approves Lincoln's emancipation scheme, AL ii. 27.
MAZZEI, PHILIP,
Jefferson's letter to, PH 407, TJ 162-164.
MEADE, GENERAL GEORGE G.,
see index to Lincoln.
MEADE, BISHOP WILLIAM,
quoted, PH 57, JMar 258, 260, 265, JMon 7, 8.
MEIGS, RETURN JONATHAN,
Governor of Ohio during War of 1812, LC 42, 44, 73, 76;
postmaster-general, JMon 130.
MERCER, JAMES,
conservative Whig leader in Virginia, PH 93, 152, TJ 22.
MERCLER, HENRI,
French minister to United States during Civil War, AL ii.
174, WHS 320.
MERLIN, DE DOUAI, PHILIPPE ANTOINE,
his relations with American Republicans, GW ii. 265, JMon
53, JMad 218;
demands copy of Jay treaty, JMon 61.
MIFFLIN, THOMAS,
Whig leader in Pennsylvania, SA 282;
entertains delegates to Congress, PH 104-107;
takes part in Conway cabal, PH 247, 250, GW i. 216, 221,
226;
as president of Congress receives Washington's commis
sion, GW i. 349;
in Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention, AG 43;
Governor of Pennsylvania, JJ 285, 286, TJ 157;
orders seizure of " Little Sarah," G W ii. 154, 155 ;
opposes forcible suppression of whiskey rebellion, AG 77,
88.
MILLER, COLONEL MORRIS S.,
see index to Cass.
MILLS, ELIJAH H.,
quoted, JQA 101, 103, 157, 162, 203, JR 260, 261, AJ 101,
107, 108.

INDEX OF NAMES 117
MIRABEAU, HONORE GABRIEL DE,
his career in French Revolution, GM 164;
delivers eulogy on Franklin, BF419;
judgments on, GM 193, 194, DW 181.
MOLINEUX, "WILLIAM,
see index to S. Adams.
MONROE, JAMES,
birthplace and education, JMar 2, 7, JMon 4-8;
describes disunion feeling of South in 1787, PH 307, JMon
23;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 71, 76-
78, JMon 28-30;
defeated for Congress by Madison, JMad 121 ;
opposes Hamilton for English mission, AH 175, JJ 265;
minister to France, GW ii. 211, JA 269, JMon 39-67;
his reception and conduct, GW ii. 212-214, AH 198, GM
261, JMar 102, JMad 218-220, AG 132, JMon 49-64;
interferes with Jay, GW ii. 213, JMad 220;
recalled hi disgrace, PH 407, GW ii. 214, JA 270, GM 261,
JMar 102, TJ 160, JMad 221, JMon 65;
exposes Hamilton in Reynolds affair, GW ii. 212, AH 276,
JMon 74;
Governor of Virginia, TJ 215, JR 27, 28, JMon 35, 38,
105;
envoy to France, TJ 215-217, JMon 79;
his share in purchase of Louisiana, TJ 218, 219, AG 193,
JR 82, 83, JMon 82-93;
envoy to Madrid, JR 161, JMon 99;
asserts claim of United States to West Florida, JR 85,
JMon 98;
makes treaty with England, TJ 262, 263, JMad 246, 262,
263, JR 162, 210, 211, HC i. 71, JMon 100-105;
rival of Madison for presidency, TJ 282, 283, JMad 272,
296, JR 180, 189, 194, 197, 212, 227-231, JMon 105;
supplants Smith as secretary of state, AG 296, 298, JR 239,
240, JMon 117-120;
makes report on John Henry letters, JMad 300;

118 INDEX OF NAMES
MONROE, JAMES (continued),
his share in peace negotiations, AG 305, 308, 311, 314, 316-
319, AJ 49;
secretary of war, DW 60, JMon 124-127;
elected President, JA 324, A J 60, HC i. 140, JMon 128;
urged by Jackson to neglect partisanship in appointments,
A J 60-63, HC i. 225,. MVB 89;
his Cabinet, AG 334, JQA 100, HC i. 141, JCC 38, JMon
129-138; [266;
abandons original Jeffersonian principles, JR 245, 251, 252,
thinks party government unnecessary, MVB 89, 90, JMon
137, 247;
disapproves of Jackson's career in Florida, JQA 160, AJ
69-81, 199, 204, MVB 185, HC i. 152, JMon 145;
refuses to seize Florida, JQA 118;
favors treaty with Spain, JQA 113, HC i. 163;
wishes to abandon Texas claim to please North, AJ 84, 112,
HC i. 164;
reelected almost unanimously, AJ 92, MVB 72, 75, HC i-
189, 190;
enmity of Clay toward, JQA 106, HC i. 141, 146, 150, 154,
162, 206, JMon 135;
vetoes Internal Improvement Bill, MVB 95, 96, 121, HC i.
142, 206, 208, JMon 152, 191-202;
his cautious attitude toward South America, HC i. 147, 148,
168;
his share in utterance of Monroe doctrine, AH 161, JQA
129, 131, 136, HC i. 210, JMon 159-179, 203, 204;
urges transportation of Creeks, AJ 221, LC 160;
expresses sympathy with Greeks, HC i. 209;
relations with contemporaries, TJ 64, 81, JMad 221, AG
329, 341, JR 154, 197-202, 240-245, 266, 267, AJ 199,
MVB 186, HC i. 126, JCC 52;
judgments on, GW ii. 212, 215, 216, GM 255, 261, TJ 155,
AG 102, 104, 133, JR 196, AJ 77, MVB 89, 463, THB 43.
MONTGOMERY, RICHARD,
invades Canada, SA 307, GW i. 143, GM 9, 38.

INDEX OF NAMES 119
MONTMORIN, ARMAND MARC, COMTE DE,
French minister at Madrid, JJ 108, 109, 116, 117, 122, 137,
161, 167;
tries to bring about Spanish- American alliance, JJ 122-127;
his relations with American ministers to Paris, GM 189, 217,
TJ 71, 78.
MOREAU, JEAN VICTOR,
his career as French general, GM 272;
in exile visits United States, GM 297, AG 308, JR 267;
tries to aid Czar to mediate between England and United
States, AG 308, 309;
his death, AG 310, 311.
MOREHEAD, CHARLES S.,
Governor of Kentucky, DW 317, SPC 167.
MORGAN, DANIEL,
his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 208, 210, 301, GM
63, THB 7;
leads militia against whiskey rebellion, AG 88, 93.
MORGAN, WILLIAM,
his supposed assassination by Masons, JQA 208, A J 289,
290, MVB 167, HC i. 341, 342, WHS 11, 12, TS 29.
MORRILL, JUSTIN H.,
member of Senate, CS 399, TS 160, 259.
MORRILL, LOT M.,
his career in Congress, CFA 110, CS 263, 338, 395.
MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR,
his legal career, JJ 16, GM 19, 20;
moderate Whig leader during Revolution, J J 31, GM 26-
28;
his services in New York Convention, JJ 58, 75, 80, GM
30-65;
his career in New York during Revolution, JJ 60, 66, 85,
GM 52, 59-64;
in continental Congress defends Deane, JJ 96, GM 81;
acts as assistant treasurer to Robert Morris, GW i. 264, GM
84-113;
describes low character of continental Congress, J J 140;

120 INDEX OF NAMES
suggests decimal system for coinage, AG 172,' GM 90-93;
member of Federal Convention, AH 58, GM 115-143;
denounces slavery, JMad 98-100, 105, GM 58, 137-141;
minister to France, J J 260, JMon 34, 68, GM 219-259;
on secret mission to England, GW ii. 137, AH 155, GM
197-205;
comprehends French Revolution, GW ii. 139, GM 146-
259;
his recall demanded by France, GW ii. 211, JA 269, JMon
34, 40, 59, GM 254;
badly treated by Louis Philippe, LC 173, GM 276, 277;
his view of Republican party, JMad 244, GM 288, 291, 299,
300, 302;
relations with contemporaries, GW ii. 363, AH 83, JJ 306,
311, 317, AG 23;
judgments on, AG 32, JR 112, 113.
MORRIS, ROBERT,
in continental Congress, JJ 97;
his career as treasurer during Revolution, BF 304, SA 343,
GW i. 187, 259, 309, 312, AH 26, 29, 34, GM 89, AG 170-
173;
aided by Franklin, BF 307, 331, 333-336;
founds Bank of North America, GW ii. 110, AG 248, 249;
failing to secure financial reform, resigns, GW i. 204, AH
38;
in Federal Convention, GM 115;
in United States Senate, AG 61, 63;
becomes bankrupt, AG 361, 362;
relations with contemporaries, GW ii. 66, 363, GM 145.
MORRIS, THOMAS,
early abolitionist, HC ii. 254, SPC 76, 85.
MORTON, OLIVER P.,
war Governor of Indiana, AL ii. 183, 184;
his career in Senate, CS 295, 374, 385, 388, 408.
MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP,
his mission to England, CFA 380, CS 364, 369-371;
removed by Grant, CS 386.

INDEX OF NAMES 121
MOUSTIER, E. F. E., MARQUIS DE,
French minister to United States, GW ii. 59, 60, TJ 209.
MURPHY, HENRY C,
his connection with annexation of Texas, HC ii. 240, JCC
236.
MURRAY, WILLIAM VANS,
Federalist member of Congress, AG 99, 106, 110;
minister to Holland, GW ii. 264;
receives advances from Talleyrand after XYZ affair, JA
288, TJ 171;
appointed envoy to France, PH 412, GW ii. 292, JA 295-
298, AH 214, 217.
NAPOLEON I., BONAPARTE,
his Italian successes make Directorate arrogant, AG 132
139;
decrees public mourning for Washington, GW i. 1 ;
plans a colonial empire in Louisiana, TJ 217, JR 74, 185;
rejects offer to buy New. Orleans, TJ 217;
sells Louisiana to United States, GM 294, TJ 218, JMad
249, JMon 82-87;
his West Florida policy, JMon 94-98;
issues Berlin and Milan decrees, TJ 263, JMad 266, 268,
270, AG 229, JQA 41, 42, HC i. 09;
indifferent to embargo, TJ 272;
invades Spain, HC i. 58;
orders seizure of American vessels, TJ 278, LC 53;
announces conditional revocation of decrees to delude
Madison, JMad 282-287, HC i. 70-74, 87, JCC 14;
forces United States into war with England, JMad 289,
AJ35;
revokes decrees, JMad 304;
defeated in 1813, HC i. 99;
his fall exulted over by Federalists, GM 306;
his " Hundred Days " in 1815, AG 326, JQA 98, CFA 7;
judgments upon, GM 264, AG 331, JMon 80,81, AJ 30, 31,
323, 324, 349, 362, AL ii. 354.

122 INDEX OF NAMES
NAPOLEON ILL, BONAPARTE, CHARLES LOUIS,
resides in United States, MVB 362;
commits coup d'e'tat of 1851, HC ii. 395;
expected to sympathize with North iu 1861, WHS 272;
agrees to act with England in recognizing Confederate
belligerency, ALi. 372, WHS 277, 320, 325;
willing to aid England in Trent affair, WHS 320, CFA 261,
278, 331;
urges joint intervention, CFA 249;
offers mediation between North and South, AL ii. 173, 174,
CS241;
cooperates with Slidell to force intervention, CFA 328, 330,
333;
seizes Confederate vessels, CFA 351 ;
his Mexican expedition, WHS 357, 362, CFA 154, 334, CS
250, 251.
NECKER, JAQUES,
opposes French aid to United States, J J 132;
guarantees a loan for United States, BF 328;
his career iu French Revolution, GM 173, 174, 189-191,
207.
NELSON, JOHN,
attorney-general under Tyler, HC ii. 240;
his'dealings with Texas, HC ii. 241, JCC 229;
as judge of Supreme Court, tries to prevent war in 1861,
WHS 238-245;
his part in Supreme Court decisions, SPC 325, 387.
NELSON, THOMAS,
see index to Henry.
NICHOLAS, GEORGE,
moves investigation of Jefferson's conduct as governor of
Virginia, TJ 62;
favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64;
supposed author of Kentucky resolutions, JMad 234, 235,
239;
denounces Alien and Sedition acts, HC i. 33.
NICHOLAS, JOHN,
attacks Henry, PH 385;

INDEX OF NAMES 123
Republican leader in House, AG 100, 111, 130, 134, 135,
143, 159, 161, 164, JR 40, 213.
NICHOLAS, ROBERT CARTER,
conservative leader in Virginia before and after Revolution,
PH 23, 71, 89, 93-95, 137, 151, 152, 162, 190, 200, 201,
286, TJ 21, 22.
NICHOLAS, WILLIAM,
favors ratification of Constitution, JMar 64;
connected with Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions, JMad 234,
235.
NICHOLAS, WILSON OARY,
Republican leader in Congress, JR 189, 206;
moves repeal of embargo, TJ 280;
in Virginian politics, JR 211, 214, 228, 229;
causes Jefferson's financial ruin, TJ 299.
NICHOLSON, JOSEPH H.,
Republican leader in Congress, AG 224, 246, JR40, 41, 49,
64, 75, 76, 80, 85, 95, 124, 164, 167, 169, 188;
in Chase impeachment trial, TJ 233, 234, JR 81, 82, 95,
140, 150;
appointed judge, JR 203, 221.
NILES, HEZEKIAH,
celebrates battle of New Orleans in his " Register," JQA
96, 97;
reports verbatim a speech of Randolph, JR 296-298;
describes election of 1824, A J 102, 109, HC i. 232;
supports Jacksou as uniformly right, A J 65, 72, 79;
criticises Benton's " Demos Krateo" doctrine, AJ 125;
describes campaign of 1828, A J 144, HC i. 278;
denies success in Jackson's foreign policy, A J 216;
his influence as high tariff advocate, AJ 238, 239, 245, HC
i. 219, ii. 10, 11;
his comments on Bank struggle, A J 280, 319;
describes Democratic convention of 1835 as prearranged,
MVB 259;
describes panic of 1837, AJ 373, 380;
on origin of name Whig, A J 439, HC ii. 45.

124 INDEX OF NAMES
NOAILLES, VICOMTE DE,
French minister to England, BF 284, GW ii. 151, 253.
NORTH, FREDERICK, LORD,
chancellor of exchequer, BF 151, SA 91, 92;
at privy council during attack on Franklin, BF 190;
his policy toward the colonies, SA 118, 158, 174;
tries to bribe Franklin, BF 202;
plans Tea Act, SA 212;
during war permits Hartley to correspond with Franklin,
BF 256;
forced by Burgoyne's surrender to attempt to conciliate
the colonies, BF 280, 281, PH 241, 254, GM 75, TJ 21;
hears news of Cornwallis's surrender, BF 303;
tries to separate France from United States, BF 363, 364;
driven from office, BF 364, JJ 149.
OAKLEY, THOMAS J.,
leader at New York bar, JMar 169, MVB 23, 24.
OGDEN, DAVID B.,
leader at New York bar, JMar 169, MVB 30.
OLIVER, ANDREW,
loyalist leader in Massachusetts, BF 168, 177, SA 47, 85,
156;
his letters obtained by Franklin, BF 177, SA 199, 202, 205,
209;
his removal petitioned for by Massachusetts, BF 183, SA
205;
his death, SA 236, 250.
O'NEIL, PEGGY,
see Eaton, John H.;
her origin and history, A J 193, 195, JCC 84;
marries Eaton, AJ 193, MVB 181;
ostracized by wives of cabinet officers, AJ 194, MVB 182,
LC 134;
attempt of Jackson to force her into society, AJ 194, 195,
208, 209, 211, JQA 237, MVB 181, 182, JCC 85, HC i.
338, 367, LC 135;

INDEX OF NAMES 125
attitude of Van Buren toward, AJ 196, MVB 183, 184,
JCC 85, LC 134, 135.
ONIS, DON LUIS DE,
makes treaty ceding Florida, JMon 146, JQA 111-117, 161.
OPDYKE, GEORGE,
in New York politics, HC ii. 312, SPC 191, 193;
aids Chase's financial measures, SPC 222, 250, 280.
ORLEANS, DUCHESS OP,
see index to Morris.
OSCEOLA, leader of Seminole Indians, MVB 366, LC 162;
his capture and death, MVB 366, THB 186, 188.
OSWALD, RICHARD,
sent by Shelburne to open peace negotiations with Frank
lin, BF 365, 366, 367, 371, SA 210, JJ 149, 155, 156;
difficulties over wording of his commission, BF 373, 376,
JA 211, 213, JJ 157-176; '
agrees upon draft of treaty, BF 377, JJ 179, 181;
regarded by English as too yielding, JA 214, JJ 187;
his share in further negotiations, JJ 187, 189, 190, 192,
195.
OTIS, HARRISON GRAY,
opposes bill to permit theatres in Boston, SA 363;
Federalist leader in Massachusetts, AH 259, DW 29;
his career in Congress, AG 132, 136, 156, 177, MVB 93;
advocates disunion in 1814, GM 307, 308;
carries resolutions of Hartford Convention to Washington,
JMad 312;
judgments on, JQA 296, JR 113.
OTIS, JAMES,
his speech against Writs of Assistance, SA 38-40, JA 23,
24;
leads opposition to Stamp Act, BF 107, 111, SA 45, 57, 64,
65, J A 28;
his career as leader of Massachusetts Whigs, SA 83, 84, 86,
91, 92, 100, 102, 104, 110, 120, 121, 133, 144, 168, 179;
assaulted by English officers, SA 133;

126 INDEX OF NAMES
becomes insane, SA 168;
judgments on, SA 319, 320, 327, CS 312.
PAGE, JOHN,
in Virginia politics, PH 95, 211, TJ 51.
PAINE, ROBERT TREAT,
prosecutes soldiers in Boston Massacre trial, S A 165 ;
at continental Congress, SA 265, 267, 277, 300, 307, JA
52, 62, JJ 282.
PAINE, THOMAS,
writes pamphlets " Common Sense " and the " Crisis," SA
309, 324, JA 138, TJ 28;
subsidized by Luzerne to write in French interest, JJ 141 ;
attacks Silas Deane, GM 81;
denounced by Morris, GM 81;
his career in France, GM 251;
writes pamphlet on " Rights of Man," GW ii. 226, AH
140, TJ 118, JQA 180;
his request for aid refused by Morris, GM 251;
attempts of Monroe to aid, JMon 60;
attacks Federalists as enemies of French revolution, JJ
289.
PAKENHAM, SIR RICHARD,
negotiates with United States concerning Oregon, HC ii.
280, 281, JCC 230-236, 240, 260, 261.
PALFREY, DR. JOHN G.,
edits "North American Review," CFA 18;
" conscience " Whig leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50, 51,
76, 83, 85, CS 43, 54;
elected to Congress, CFA 81;
refuses to vote for Winthrop, CFA 86, CS 55, 67;
leader of Free-Soilers, CS 74, 76.
PALMERSTON, HENRY JOHN TEMPLE, VISCOUNT,
demands release of McLeod, LC 176, WHS 28, 29;
refuses apology in Caroline affair, WHS 33;
attacks Ashburton treaty, DW 252, THB 238, 245;
manages opium war, CFA 157;

INDEX OF NAMES 127
favors South during Civil War, CFA 153, 288;
declines joint intervention with France in 1861, WHS 321,
324;
does not wish war, CFA 219-225;
sends ultimatum in Trent affair, AL i. 383;
protests against Butler's rule in New Orleans, CFA 248-
260;
ready to intervene in 1862, CFA 281, 282, 288;
his death, CFA 371;
opinions on, MVB 123, 149, DW 242, THB 231, 245, CFA
241, 376;
relations with Adams, CFA 242, 248-260.
PARISH, DAVID,
assists Treasury in 1813, AG 213, 214, 259, 260, HC i. 99.
PARKER, THEODORE,
abolitionist leader, SPC 56, CS 74.
PARSONS, THEOPHILUS,
his legal career, DW 24, 35, 79;
his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 17, 296.
PATTERSON, JAMES W.,
see index to Sumner.
PATJLDING, JAMES K.,
see index to Van Buren.
PAXTON, CHARLES,
see index to S. Adams.
PEEL, SIR ROBERT,
connected with John Henry letters, JMad 300;
his conciliatory attitude in McLeod affair, DW 245;
denies that England has abandoned right of search, LC 191.
PENDLETON, EDMUND,
conservative Whig leader in Virginia, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95,
137, 151, 152;
at Virginia bar, PH 23, 93;
in continental Congress, PH 99-102, 112, 176, GW i. 128,
JA95;
in Virginia politics, PH 178, 185, 190, 191, 197, 201, TJ
39;

128 INDEX OF NAMES
favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMar 64,
JMad 111;
defeated for Senate, JMar 88.
PENDLETON, GEORGE H.,
Democratic leader, AL i. 297, SPC 367, 368.
PENN FAMILY,
see index to Franklin.
PHILLIPS, STEPHEN Q,
Free-Soil leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50-52, 83, 95, CS
83.
PHILLIPS, "WENDELL,
anti-slavery orator, MVB 273, CFA 36, CS 15, 25;
denounces leading statesmen, AL i. 173, 177, ii. 255, SPC
167, 346, CS 91, 415;
favors disunion in 1861, AL i. 195, 231, CS 184;
denounced by Johnson, TS 265, 281;
judgments upon, AL ii. 255, THB 142, 143, LC 198, SPC
37, 55, CFA 57-59.
PHILLIPS, GENERAL WILLIAM,
commands British force invading Virginia, PH 278, GW i.
303, TJ 54.
PICHON, LOUIS ANDRE,
connected with XYZ affair, JA 288, 294, JMon 65.
PICKENS, FRANCIS W.,
Governor of South Carolina during secession of State, AL i.
185;
demands evacuation of Fort Sumter, WHS 247-250.
PICKERING, JUDGE JOHN,
impeached at Jefferson's suggestion, TJ 230, 231, JR 80,
132, 133.
PICKERING, TIMOTHY,
sends Randolph's Fauchet letter to Washington, GW ii.
195;
succeeds Randolph as secretary of state, GW ii. 166, 246,
AG 97, JMon 64, 67;
in Adams's Cabinet, JA 262, 270, 271, AH 287, JMar 129,
130;

INDEX OF NAMES 129
appeals to Washington against Adams on appointment of
generals, GW ii. 286;
wishes war with France, AH 199;
objects to any mission to France, JA 276, 296, 299, 300;
dismissed by Adams, JA 309, AH 226, JMar 148;
aids Hamilton to attack Adams, JA 314, 321 ;
his low opinion of Washington, GW ii. 307, TJ 165;
leads New England disunion movement, GM 182, 308, 310,
JR 87;
defeated by J. Q. Adams for Senate, JQA 30;
his feud with Adamses, JA 321, 324, JQA 32, 69, 70, 296,
A J 125;
career in Congress, JQA 32, 69, 70, HC i. 59, 62, DW 47,
49.
PICTET, MADEMOISELLE,
see index to Gallatin.
PIERCE, EDWARD L.,
"conscience " Whig in Massachusetts, CFA 70, 79;
works for Chase's nomination, SPC 160, 180, 191;
his relations with Chase, SPC 24, 25, 259, 421.
PIERCE, FRANKLIN,
opposes annexation of Texas, MVB 424;
nominated for President, MVB 439, HC ii. 402, DW 331-
333, LC 288, WHS 112;
elected in 1852, MVB 280, 281, 439, THB 305, AL i. 93,
WHS 113, 114, SPC 132, CFA 102;
reunites Democratic party, LC 291;
approves compromise measures, LC 289, 293, WHS 115, CS
102, TS 101;
favors Kansas-Nebraska bill, LC 298, WHS 118, CS 104;
his pro-slavery policy toward Kansas, WHS 153-166, CS
133-135;
defeated for renomination, AL i. 101 ;
judgments upon, MVB 463, THB 305, 306, 318, LC 288,
289, CS 305.
PIERPONT, FRANCIS H.,
Governor of reconstructed Virginia, AL ii. 217, TS 269.

130 INDEX OF NAMES
PINCKNEY, CHARLES,
minister to Spain, negotiates for West Florida, JMon 99,
JR 114, 161;
PINCKNEY, CHARLES COTES-WORTH,
represents the slaveholders in Federal convention, GM 115,
126, 283, JMad 98, 103-109;
refused reception as minister to France, GW ii. 214, 284;
JA 270-273, AH 198, JMar 102, TJ 159, 160, AG 132,
JMon 65, 66;
appointed special commissioner, GW ii. 284, JA 276, JMar
100, TJ 161, AG 139;
in XYZ affair, JA 278, AH 200, JMar 105-125, TJ 167;
appointed general in provisional army, GW ii. 286, 296, JA
284, AH 203-206, AG 155;
plot to bring him in as President over Adams in 1800, JA
313, AH 228-232, TJ 177, GM 285, 286;
candidate for President in 1804, TJ 241.
PINCKNEY, THOMAS,
as minister to Spain makes treaty of commerce, GW ii. 166-
168, AG 117;
plot to bring him in as President over Adams, in 1796, JA
254-259, AH 192-194, TJ 154, 155;
minister to England, JJ 265, JQA 22, JMon 40;
services in War of 1812, AJ 41.
PINKNEY, WILLIAM,
with Monroe, makes treaty with England, TJ 262, JMad
261-263, JMon 99, 100, JR 210, HC i. 71;
his services as minister to England, TJ 270, 277, JMad 281,
288, JR 190;
in Madison's Cabinet, JMon 107, 108;
practices before Supreme Court, JMar 164, 169, 192, 193,
DW 62, 91-94.
PITT, WILLIAM,
in Shelburne's ministry, JJ 154;
negotiations of Morris with, GM 202-205, 266;
his ministry unfriendly toward United States, JMon 97, 99;
judgments on, AH 7, 27, 78, 92, 93, AG 32, JR 47.

INDEX OF NAMES 131
PLUMER, WILLIAM,
leader of New Hampshire bar, D W 35, 36 ;
connected with Dartmouth College case, DW 74, 76;
casts electoral vote for Adams iu 1820, AJ 92; [174;
says J. Q. Adams drafted Monroe doctrine message, JMon
member of Senate, JQA 68.
POINDEXTER, GEORGE,
wins money from Clay, HC i. 160;
opponent of Jackson in Senate, HC ii. 41, 69;
accused by Jackson of trying to murder him, AJ 432, 433.
POINSETT, JOEL R.,
as minister to Mexico fails to buy Texas, AJ 413, 415, HC
i. 293, 296;
instructed to attend Panama Congress, HC i. 293;
secretary of war imder Van Buren, MBV 283, 383.
POLK, JAMES K.,
speaker of House, MVB 337;
leader of Anti-Bank party in House, AJ 341, 343, 344, 368,
375, HC ii. 48;
nominated for President, MVB 410-^16, HC ii. 252, JCC
243, LC,218, 219, WHS 44, SPC 92, 93;
his election, HC ii. 256-266, JCC 216, 250, THB 257, LC
220-224, ALi. 71;
represents slave-holding element of Democratic party, MVB
415-417, THB 281, 282;
his relations with Calhoun, JCC 255-259;
accepts annexation of Texas, HC ii. 273, THB 277, 278;
demands all of Oregon, HC ii. 280-282, DW 258, JCC 263,
264, THB 254, LC 226, 227;
throws responsibility for Oregon Compromise upon Senate,
HC ii. 282, 283, JCC 272-275;
forces war upon Mexico, HC ii. 274-276, 284, DW 263, 282,
JCC 273-276, 288, LC 230, 231, AL i. 74, 85, WHS 61,
CFA 62, CS 45;
vetoes river and harbor bill, HC ii. 284;
wishes to annex Mexican territory, HC ii. 285, 286, JCC
278, 281, 306, AL i. 86, CS 56, 65, 66;

132 INDEX OF NAMES
his policy regarding slavery in new Territories, HC ii. 320,
DW 289, LC 265, WHS 62.
POMEROY, SAMUEL C,
advocates discarding Lincoln for Chase in 1864, AL ii. 250,
SPC 312.
POPE, GENERAL JOHN,
see index to Lincoln.
PORTER, DAVID D.,
see index to Lincoln.
PORTER, PETER B.,
war Republican in 1812, JCC 15;
secretary of war under Adams, JQA 205, AJ 224;
Whig politician, HC ii. 176, 177, 193, 250.
FOWNALL, THOMAS,
Governor of Massachusetts, SA 31, 34;
favors cause of colonies in Parliament, BF 67, SA 31, 239;
anticipates Monroe doctrine, JMon 165.
PRESTON, WILLIAM C,
at Free-Trade Convention of 1831, AG 241;
opponent of Jackson in Senate, HC ii. 69, 102, 121, 136;
offers resolution to annex Texas, MVB 359, JCC|232;
defends nullification, HC ii. 149;
aids Clay to prepare speech against abolitionists, HC ii. 165,
170;
in campaign of 1840, MVB 385, HC ii. 187.
PUGH, GEORGE,
in Ohio senatorial election of 1849, SPC 105-111;
Senator from Ohio, WHS 189, SPC 133, 199;
PUTNAM, ISRAEL,
his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 169, 180, 195, 211,
217, ii. 374, AH 19.
QUINCY, EDMUND,
early abolitionist, SPC 55, CFA 36.
QUINCY, JOSIAH,
Whig leader in Massachusetts before Revolution, SA 90,
120, 183, 228, 230, 269, 301, 319, 320;
defends soldiers in Boston Massacre, SA 165, 166, JA 36.

INDEX OF NAMES 133
QUINCY, JOSIAH,
attacks embargo, TJ 274, JMad 269, 270;
denounces Madison's yielding to France, JMad 285, 287;
attacks conduct of War in 1812, JMad 297, HC i. 89-91;
favors disunion during war, GM 307, 310, DW 172;
relations with contemporaries, JQA 66, JR 260.
RANDOLPH, EDMUND,
his career as lawyer, JMar 33, 47, 169, 208;
Whig leader in Virginia, PH 190, 197, 200;
his version of proposed dictatorships, PH 229, 287;
predicts failure of impost scheme, JMon 22;
at Annapolis Convention, PH 54;
describes opposition in Virginia to cession of Mississippi
navigation, PH 310;
refuses to sign Constitution, PH 319, JMad 112;
supports constitution in Virginia ratifying convention, PH
320, 334, 335, GW ii. 71, JMar 68, 69, JMon 28;
attorney-general under Washington, GW ii. 64, 65, TJ 88,
JMon 41, 48, 57, JR 20;
opposes chartering Bank of United States, GW ii. 110, AH
129, JMad 163;
opposes use of force against whiskey rebellion, AG 77;
his vacillating foreign policy, GW ii. 147, 154, 170, TJ 134,
136;
secretary of state after Jefferson, GW ii. 184, 185;
opposes Jay treaty, GW ii. 185, 188, TJ 152;
disgraced by Fauchet letter, GW ii. 196-203, AG 97, 103,
JMon 64;
counsel for Burr, JR 208.
RANDOLPH, JOHN,
answers Henry's last speech, PH 419, 420, JR 30, 31;
elected to Congress, AG 158, JR 39;
asserts that Virginia plans forcible resistance to Federalists,
JMon 37, 38, JR 27;
becomes leader of Republican opposition, AG 159, 160, JR
40-47;

134 INDEX OF NAMES
RANDOLPH, JOHN (continued),
leader of Republicans in House under Jefferson, TJ 214,
JR 54-172;
carries through repeal of internal taxes, AG 221;
carries through appropriation for Louisiana purchase, TJ
214, 222, JR 75-78, 85-89;
defends constitutionality of Louisiana purchase, TJ 223, JR
90, 92; [150;
leads in impeachment of Chase, TJ 234, JR 94-101, 130-
deserts Jefferson on question of Florida, TJ 246, 248, JR
109, 153, 160, 167, 170, 172;
attacks Jefferson and Madison, TJ 256, JR 173-270;
condemns non-intercourse policy, JMad 260, JR 173;
foreman of jury in Burr trial, JMar 510, JR 217-219;
endeavors to use Monroe as rival to Madison, JMon 36, 37,
JR 159, 160, 165, 166, 194-203, 212-214, 227-230;
opposes war with England, HC i. 84, DW 62, JCC 16-19,
22, LC 62, JR 179;
quarrels with Monroe, JMon 37, JR 241-245;
in Missouri debate, JMon 147, HC i. 180, 181, 191, 192, JR
269,272;
proposes secession to Clay, HC i. 197;
opposes protection on slavery grounds, HC i. 130, JR 277-
280;
takes part in debate on Greece, DW 130;
teller in election of 1824 in House, JQA 173;
his career iu Senate, A J 141, MVB 148, JR 285-299;
abuses Adams's administration, JQA 211, 296, AJ 131,
HC i. 273, JCC 63, JR 282, 283;
his attack on " Blifil and Black George," JQA 183, THB
56, JR 281;
fights a duel with Clay, JQA 183, AJ 131, HC i. 274, 275,
THB 56, JR 287;
in Virginia constitutional convention, JMar 240, JR 330;
supports Calhoun in nullification struggle, AJ 330, JR
301,302;
minister to Russia, AJ 131, 141, JR 294;

INDEX OF NAMES 135
his views on slavery, HC i. 303, JR 271-275, 280, 281;
relations with contemporaries, PH 364, 365, AG 295, JQA
153, 210, 211, HC ii. 22, 23, DW 65;
judgments on, TJ 247, AG 355, JMon 222, SPC 10.
RANDOLPH, PEYTON,
moderate leader in Virginia, PH 66, 67, 71, 74, 89, 95, 157,
TJ 19;
in first continental Congress, SA 282, 301, PH 99, 102, 106,
107, TJ 21, JR 3.
RANDOLPH, RICHARD,
see index to John Randolph.
RAWDON-HASTINGS, FRANCIS, EARL OF MOIRA,
his career in Revolution, GW i. 304, GM 101.
RAYMOND, HENRY J.,
defeats Greeley for Whig nomination in New York, WHS
140;
predicts disaster from Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii.
273;
defends Johnson's reconstruction policy, TS 264, 266.
RAYNEVAL, JOSEPH,
secretary to Vergennes, BF 375, JJ 166;
opposes American claims to Western lands, BF 375, JJ
166, 167, 171, 179, 182, 190;
his secret journey to London, BF 375, JJ 171-174, 191;
calls American treaty of peace a " dream," JJ 196.
REED, JOSEPH,
in continental Congress, SA 285, PH 106.
REEDER, ANDREW H.,
Governor of Kansas, WHS 153-155, CS 132, 133;
opposes Border ruffians, LC 317;
removed by Pierce, LC 317, WHS 155;
petitions for seat as territorial delegate, WHS 159.
REVERE, PAUL,
see index to S. Adams.
RHEA, JOHN,
connected with Jackson's Florida campaign, JMon 145, AJ
69, 70.

136 INDEX OF NAMES
RHETT, ROBERT BARNWELL,
in speakership contest of 1839, JQA 293, MVB 376;
advocates secession in 1850, HC ii. 358, JCC 217;
denounced by Clay, HC ii. 358.
RICHELIEU, ARMAND DU PLESSIS, DUC DE,
see index to Gallatin.
RICHMOND, DEAN,
his career in New York politics, MVB 112, HC ii. 321.
RILEY, GENERAL BENNETT,
calls convention to frame constitution for California, HC
ii. 321, WHS 63-fi7.
RITNER, JOSEPH,
see index to Stevens.
RIVES, WILLIAM C,
opposes Monroe doctrine, JMon 176;
minister to France, AJ 217, 404, MVB 217;
supports expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102;
resigns from Senate and is reelected, AJ 365, 366, HC ii.
174;
defeated for vice-president by Johnson, A J 442, MVB 260;
opposes independent treasury, MVB 347, HC ii. 145, AJ
286;
in campaign of 1840, MVB 384, 385.
RIVINGTON, JAMES,
loyalist printer of New York, SA 330, JJ 25, 37;
his press destroyed by a Connecticut mob, AH 11, GM 39,
JJ46.
ROANE, SPENCER,
see index to Henry.
ROBINSON, BEVERLEY,
his relation with Revolutionary statesmen, GW i. 99, JJ 65.
ROCHESTER, WILLIAM B.,
his political career in New York, MVB 147, HC i. 228.
ROCKINGHAM, CHARLES W. WENTWORTH, MAR
QUIS OF,
prime minister after Grenville, BF 115, SA 72;
carries repeal of Stamp Act, BF 118;

INDEX OF NAMES 137
forms Cabinet after fall of North, BF 365, 372, JA 209,
211, JJ 149, 154.
RODNEY, CAESAR A.,
• defeats Bayard for Congress, JR 84;
in Chase impeachment, JR 140, 149.
ROEBUCK, JOHN ARTHUR,
see index to C. F. Adams.
ROMANZOFF, NICHOLAS, COUNT,
plans Russian mediation in War of 1812, AG 304, 307, 308,
310, 312, JQA 71, 74, HC i. 99.
ROOT, JOHN F.,
member of Congress, SPC 114, DW 305.
ROSE, GEORGE H.,
British envoy to United States, TJ 267, JQA 45.
ROSECRANS, GENERAL "WILLIAM S.,
see index to Lincoln.
ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES,
referred to, GM 27, AG 6, JMon 55.
ROWAN, JUDGE JOHN,
upholds States' rights against United States Bank, AJ 160;
in Congress, AJ 218, MVB 143.
RUGGLES, TIMOTHY,
see index to S. Adams.
RUMSEY, JAMES,
invents a steamboat, GW 114, JMad 69, 70.
RUSH, BENJAMIN,
patriot leader in Pennsylvania, SA 282;
connected with Conway cabal, PH 249, 250;
asks J. Q. Adams if he will accept a foreign mission, JQA
68.
RUSH, RICHARD,
Republican leader in Pennsylvania, JMon 129;
minister to England under Monroe, AG 334, 335, 345,
JMon 134, 144, 146, 170, 171, A J 83;
secretary of treasury, AG 342, JQA 177, AJ 141, 270,
MVB 160, HC i. 258;

138 INDEX OF NAMES
candidate for vice-president, AJ 149.
an Anti-Mason, HC i. 345, WHS 14.
RUSSELL, LORD JOHN,
interferes with Canadian taxation, MVB 351 ;
calls Polk's claim to Oregon a " blustering announcement,"
HC ii. 280, JCC 264;
in 1861 favors Confederate States, AL i. 371, 372, WHS
276-286, 293, CFA 147, 153;
has dealings with Confederate commissioners, CFA 170, 350,
WHS 284, 285;
recognizes Confederate belligerency, WHS 276, 282, 284,
CFA 158-170, 173-176, 198; [CFA 207;
blocks attempt of United States to accede to treaty of Paris,
his action in Trent affair, AL i. 383, WHS 303-314, CFA
226, 228-235, CS 209, 214;
states duties of England regarding privateers, CFA 204;
condemns Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 132;
his action about Alabama, AL ii. 172, WHS 350-352,
CFA 313, 317, 324, 357;
agrees with France upon joint intervention, WHS 320-324,
CFA 204, 281, 283;
remonstrates against blocking Charleston harbor, WHS 341 ;
intrigues of Confederates against, CFA 330-337;
his dealings with Adams regarding the Laird rams, CFA
338-344, CS 242, 243;
RUSSELL, JONATHAN,
charge" d'affaires at Paris, JMad 307, JMon 107;
on peace commission at Ghent, AG 312, JQA 76, 82, HC i.
101, 104;
his relations with J. Q. Adams, JQA 296, 297, HC i. 251.
RUSSELL, DR. WILLIAM H.,
correspondent of London "Times," WHS 301, CFA 151-
154, 162, 186, 231, 232.
RUTLEDGE, EDWARD,
in continental Congress, SA 313, PH 105-108, 115, JA 78,
107, T J 23, 31;
on committee to confer with Lord Howe, BF 214-216.

INDEX OF NAMES 139
RUTLEDGE, JOHN,
member of continental Congress, PH 106, 108, 112, 117,
173, JA 107, JMar 53;
member of Federal convention, GM 115, JMad 101;
Governor of South Carolina, PH 228, CS 114;
member of Supreme Court, GW ii. 73;
his nomination for Chief Justice rejected by Senate, PH 403,
GW ii. 63.
ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR,
serves in Revolutionary War, GW i. 208, GM 60;
Governor of Northwest Territory, LC 44.
commands against Indians and is defeated, GW ii. 94-105,
JMad 180.
SANDWICH, JOHN MONTAGU, EARL OF,
attacks Franklin in House of Lords, BF 198;
calls all Yankees cowards, GW i. 155.
SANFORD, NATHAN,
in Senate, MVB 76, 143, A J 389;
in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77;
candidate for vice-president in 1824, HC i. 232.
SANTA ANNA, ANTONIO LOPEZ DE,
Mexican revolutionist, AJ 416, HC ii. 285;
captured at San Jacinto, MVB 358, HC ii. 90, 94;
in Mexican War, HC ii. 287.
SARGEANT, NATHAN,
quoted on political history, AJ 137, 300, HC i. 160, 161, ii.
195, 267, JCC 40, 69.
SAVARY DE VALCOULON,
see iudex to Gallatin.
SAXTON, GENERAL RUFUS,
aids negroes, AL ii. 17, SPC 260.
SCHENCK, ROBERT C,
member of Congress, SPC 355, TS 70 ;
minister to England, CFA 387.
SCHURZ, CARL,
serves in War of Rebellion, AL ii. 262;
reports on condition of South, CS 305, 307;

140 INDEX OF NAMES
his career in Senate, MVB 118, CS 374, 385, 394, 399, 408;
leads Liberal Republicans, CFA 390, 410;
secretary of interior, JCC 48, 49.
SCHUYLER, PHILIP,
in continental Congress, PH 172;
his military services in War of Revolution, PH 154, GW i.
136, 204, 207-209, GM 59-63, JJ 57, 82, 83, 95;
favors ratification of Constitution, GM 144;
Federalist leader in New York, GM 283, JJ 206, 295;
Senator from New York, AH 80, 81;
candidate for Governor, JJ 82;
judgments upon, AH 31, GM 64.
SCOTT, JOHN MORIN,
Whig leader in New York, SA 280, J J 18, 58;
SCOTT, SIR WILLIAM,
effeet of his admiralty decisions, JR 162, WHS 315.
SCOTT, GENERAL WINFIELD,
serves in War of 1812, GM 304, CFA 9;
refuses to fight a duel with Jackson, A J 64;
aids reorganization of army, JCC 43;
sent by Jackson to Charleston to overawe nullifiers, AJ 328,
THB 91, LC 146-149;
sent by Van Buren to Canadian frontier, MVB 355;
serves in Seminole War, LC 163;
candidate for Whig nomination in 1840, HC ii. 179, 180;
his career in Mexican War, AG 380, HC ii. 286, 287, LC
246, AL i. 75;
candidate for Whig nomination in 1848, HC ii. 306, DW
266, LC 248;
candidate for President in 1852, MVB 439, HC ii. 399-403,
DW 329-333, THB 305, LC 289, 291, AL i. 93, WHS 112-
114, TS 87, 88;
his attitude toward secession in 1861, AL i. 192, 207, 208,
219, 220, 286;
on question of reinforcing Sumter, AL i. 244, 255, WHS
232;

INDEX OF NAMES 141
assembles troops to protect inauguration of Lincoln, AL i.
255,263;
has difficulties with McClellan, AL i. 310.
SEABURY, SAMUEL,
loyalist in Revolution, SA 121, J J 46;
SEATON, "WILLIAM W.,
his career as editor of old school, AL i. 80, WHS 327, 328,
CFA 67.
SEDGWICK, THEODORE,
leader of Federalists in House, AG 98, 105, 106, 118, 124,
158;
condemns Adams's French mission, JA 296, 298;
a disunionist after 1804, AH 266.
SEDGWICK, THEODORE,
at Free Trade Convention of 1831, AG 241;
SEMMES, CAPTAIN RAPHAEL,
his career with " Alabama," AL ii. 172, CFA 318.
SERGEANT, JOHN,
member of Congress, HC i. 185, ii. 209;
envoy to Panama Congress, HC i. 293;
candidate for vice-president, AJ 248, 321,' MVB 246, HC i.
357.
SERRE, HENRI,
see index to Gallatin.
SEVIER, JOHN,
his career as frontier leader, AJ 16, 17, THB 6.
SEWALL, JONATHAN,
loyalist leader in Massachusetts, SA 187, JA 32.
SEWARD, WILLIAM H,
see index to volume on Seward ;
member of Anti-Masonic party, MVB 167, 245, HC i. 345,
TS 30, WHS 10-15;
opposes alliance of Whigs and Nullifiers, JCC 272;
approves distribution of surplus, MVB 301 ;
Governor of New York, MVB 363, WHS 20-38;
his conduct in McLeod case, LC 176, CFA 165, WHS 30,
31;

142 INDEX OF NAMES
SEWARD, WILLIAM H. (continued),
refuses to extradite a " slave stealer," SPC 76, WHS 35-
38;
in Van Zandt case, SPC 76;
supports Taylor in campaign of 1848, MVB 431, CFA 99,
WHS 48-59;
in Senate acts as Whig partisan, SPC 115, 120;
opposes compromises, 1848-1850, MVB 437, HC ii. 330, 343-
345, LC 279, 280, WHS 83-87;
secures influence over Taylor, HC ii. 313, DW 291, 303,
WHS 74, 75; [87-89;
refers to "higher law," HC ii. 344-346, AL i. 90, WHS
quarrels with Fillmore, HC ii. 355, WHS 95-97;
an opponent of Fugitive Slave Law, CS 121, 127;
rights against Nebraska Bill, LC 299, SPC 145, CS 97,
WHS 119, 121-130;
insists on Free-Soil in Kansas, CS 137, WHS 159-161, 166,
178; [164;
denounces Brooks's attack on Sumner, CS 148, WHS 163,
not a candidate for Republican nomination in 1856, SPC
160, CFA 108, WHS 143-145;
makes speech on " irrepressible conflict," SPC 180, CS 170,
WHS 186, 190, 191;
reward offered for his head in Virginia, CS 174;
candidate for Republican nomination in 1860, AL i. 166-
172, SPC 160, 184-194, CFA 108, 114, TS 112, WHS
194-201;
does not think threats of secession are serious, CS 178,
WHS 192;
adopts conciliatory attitude, AL i. 197, CFA 126,' WHS
221, 222;
favors compromise, AL i. 231, SPC 200-202, CFA 150, 151,
CS 185, 190, 191, WHS 211, 212, 215-217;
secretary of state, AL i. 234, 237, 238, SPC 197, 200, WHS
213-215;
has dealings with Confederate commissioners, AL i. 238-
240, 245, WHS 237-252;

INDEX OF NAMES 143
opposes reinforcement of Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, SPC
207, CFA 127, WHS 233-235, 241-243;
his relations with Lincoln, AL i. 250, 276, 279, 280, SPC
309, WHS 229, 261, 262, 295;
presents to Lincoln " thoughts " involving foreign war, AL
i. 276-278, SPC 210, CFA 167, 168, 179-193, WHS 254-
260;
States objects of war to foreign powers, CS 197, WHS 266,
267;
advocates blockade to close Southern ports, AL i. 284, WHS
269;
distrusted iu England, CFA 164, 233, CS 208, 216;
his attitude toward England, AL i. 371-375, ii. 171, 172,
CFA 157, 165-167, 286, WTHS 279, 286;
tries to secure adhesion of United States to treaty of Paris,
CFA 203, 205, WHS 289-291;
declines to permit England and France act in union, CFA
205, WHS 277, 278;
his attitude during Trent affair, AL i. 382-385, CFA 226-
236, CS 209, 214, WHS 301-318;
urges anti-slavery action, SPC 265;
suggests deferring emancipation proclamation, AL ii. 115,
SPC 268, 269, WHS 336;
attempt of radicals to force out of Cabinet, AL ii. 176-178,
SPC 302, CS 236, WHS 328-333;
opposition to, in Congress, AL ii. 213, 287;
sends warlike dispatches to Adams, CFA 174-179, 322,
WHS 279;
his policy regarding privateers, CFA 171, 322, WHS 348-
352;
wishes to issue letters of marque, CS 240;
his instructions to Adams about Laird rams, CFA 337, 338;
rejects French offer of mediation, AL ii. 173, CFA 284-
286, WHS 325, 326;
confers with Confederate peace commmissioners, AL ii. 306,
329;
attempt to assassinate, AL ii. 350, WHS 364;

144 INDEX OF NAMES
SEWARD, WILLIAM H. (continued),
favors Johnson's reconstruction policy, CS 295, TS 325,
WHS 388, 389;
his influence over Johnson, TS 246, 281, WHS 381;
loses popularity under Johnson, SPC 362, CS 362;
negotiates concerning Alabama claims, CS 342;
negotiates purchase of St. Thomas, CS 361, WHS 393, 394;
relations with contemporaries, MVB 369, SPC 80, 124, 125,
203, 207, 290, 301, 302, CFA 143-145, 352, 355, CS 89;
judgments upon, GM 45, MVB 118-123, HC ii. 347, THB
141, 263, LC 234, SPC 113, 176, 177, 304, 429, 431, 432.
SEYMOUR, HORATIO,
member of Albany Regency, MVB 112;
Governor of New York in Civil War, AL ii. 124;
opposes draft, AL ii. 186, 196, 197;
Democratic candidate for President in 1868, SPC 367, 368.
SHANNON, -WILSON,
envoy to Mexico, JCC 274;
his career as Governor of Kansas Territory, LC 317, 324,
WHS 155, CS 134;
SHEFFIELD, JOHN B. HOLROYD, EARL OF,
considers Jay treaty a defeat for England, GM 285, JJ
279, AG 117.
SHELBURNE, WILLIAM PETTY, EARL OF,
friendly to colonists, BF 147;
secretary for colonial affairs, BF 147-151 ;
keeps up relations with Franklin during War of Revolution,
BF 271, 365;
in Rockingham's cabinet, BF 365, JA 210; [150;
sends Oswald to open negotiations, BF 365, JA 210, JJ
unwilling to admit independence at outset, BF 367, 372, JA
211, 212, J J 156;
his rivalry with Fox, BF 366, 370, 372, J A 211;
becomes prime minister, BF 372, JA 211, JJ 154;
secretly visited by Rayneval, JJ 172-174;
yields recognition of independence at Jay's suggestion, BF
376, 377, JA 213, JJ 173, 176;

INDEX OF NAMES 145
wishes United States to compensate loyalists, BF 381, 382,
JJ 192;
driven out of office, BF 383, JJ 197;
SHELLABARGER, SAMUEL,
member of Congress, AL i. 297, TS 264
SHERIDAN, GENERAL PHILIP H.,
his career in War of Rebelhon, GM 45;
see index to Lincoln.
SHERMAN, JOHN,
member of Congress, TS 97, CFA 109, 110;
on commission to investigate Kansas, LC 317;
member of Senate, AL i. 296, CS 219, 261, 262, 328, 333;
supports Grant against Sumner, CS 364, 395;
judgments upon, GM 89, TS 144
SHERMAN, ROGER,
Whig leader in Connecticut, SA 280;
in continental Congress, SA 309, PH 108, GW i. 220, GM
62;
opposes appointment of Washington, JA 95;
advocates independence, SA 309, 313, JA 123, TJ 29.
member of Federal convention, JMad 103, 130;
member of Congress, JMad 140.
SHERMAN, GENERAL "WILLIAM TECUMSEH,
judgment on, GM 45, see index to Lincoln.
SHIRLEY, WILLIAM,
Governor of Massachusetts, SA 15;
proposes colonial union, BF 46-49;
commander of forces in French and Indian War, BF 54, 56,
SA 31, GW i. 91, 97;
favors passage of Stamp Act, SA 71.
SHORT, WILLIAM,
minister to Holland, GW ii. 166, GM 244;
on Mississippi commission, GW ii. 166.
SICKLES, DANIEL E.,
Democratic leader in New York, LC 270;
threatens secession of New York city, AL i. 197;
serves in Civil War, SPC 229;

146 INDEX OF NAMES
commands in South Carolina after war, TS 251, 252, SPC
343.
SLIDELL, JOHN,
envoy to Mexico, HC ii. 276, 277;
has difficulty over form of his commission, HC ii. 277, 283;
compliments Brooks after his attack on Sumner, CS 147;
plots secession in 1860, WHS 209;
Confederate envoy to France, captured from " Trent," AL i.
380, 381, 385, WHS 297, 298, 318, CFA 211-239, CS 208,
209;
intrigues to secure escape of Laird rams by overthrowing
Russell, CFA 324-337, 347-351;
secures influence over Napoleon III., CFA 326, 330;
remains in England after war, CFA 350.
SMILIE, JOHN,
opposes ratification of Constitution, AG 35-37;
Democratic leader in Pennsylvania, AG 37, 38, 43, 44, 54;
connected with whiskey rebellion, AG 52, 69;
member of Congress, JR 98-101, 209.
SMITH, CALEB B.,
makes bargain with Lincoln managers at Republican con
vention of 1860, AL i. 170, WHS 201;
secretary of interior, AL i. 234, WHS 230;
opposes relieving Fort Sumter, AL i. 245, 246, WHS 233.
SMITH, GERRIT,
leader of extreme abolitionists, MVB 428, SPC 95;
signs " Address of Independent Democrats," SPC 139, CS
106.
SMITH, JEREMIAH,
see index to Webster.
SMITH, MELANCTON,
leads opposition to ratification of Constitution, in New
York Convention, AH 70, 72, 75, JJ 231, 232.
SMITH, ROBERT,
secretary of state, JMad 274, JR 233;
his inefficiency, JMad 278, JR 109;
negotiates with Napoleon, JMon 283, 284;

INDEX OF NAMES 147
tries to break down Gallatin, AG 295, HC i. 64;
forced out of Cabinet, AG 296, 297, JMon 107.
SMITH, SIDNEY,
quoted, DW 188, THB 195.
SMITH, SAMUEL,
leads Maryland troops against whiskey rebellion, AG 88;
member of House, JR 40;
in election of 1800, AG 164;
bis career in Senate, AG 162, JR 189, 190, 206, 207, AJ
284, MVB 131;
his inexplicable influence over Jefferson and Madison, AG
164;
an enemy of Gallatin, JR 233, 236.
SOULE, PIERRE,
in Senate, HC ii. 330, 350, SPC 148;
connected with Ostend manifesto, LC 313, 314.
SOUTHARD, SAMUEL L.,
secretary of navy, JMon 130, JQA 177, HC i. 258;
opponent of Jackson in the Senate, HC ii. 37, 69, 102, 136.
SPARKS, JARED,
quoted, GW ii. 237, 238, AH 296, JJ 185, JMar 234, JMon
70.
SPENCER, AMBROSE,
leader in New York politics, JJ 288, MVB 23, 48-51;
in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77;
describes Hamilton as a lawyer, AH 273;
ascribes Clay's defeat in 1844 to Liberty party, HC ii. 265.
SPENCER, JOHN C,
appointed by New York to investigate Morgan case, AJ
290, MVB 174, 175;
nominated by Anti-Masons on New York electoral ticket,
MVB 246.
STAEL, MADAME DE,
her relations with various American statesmen, GM 154,
155, 173-177, 214, 264, 265, 275, 276, AG 320, 325, HC
i. 124.

148 INDEX OF NAMES
STANTON, EDWIN M.,
attorney-general under Buchanan, AL i. 198, WHS 209;
forces Buchanan to alter reply to South Carolina commis
sioner, AL i. 200;
appointed secretary of war by Lincoln, AL i. 326;
his relations with Lincoln, AL i. 326, 327, SPC 266, 307;
his conduct of War Department, AL i. 309, 328, 336, 343,
344, ii. 32, 53, 62, 63, 81, 168, 281, 287, 343, SPC 263,
351;
praises Wilkes's action in Trent affair, AL i. 381;
wishes immediate issue of Emancipation Proclamation,
WHS 336, TS 183;
his assassination planned in 1865, AL ii. 350;
in Johnson's Cabinet, TS 277, SPC 295;
favors Lincoln's plan of reconstruction, TS 241 ;
suit pf Georgia against, SPC 349;
struggle between Johnson and Senate over his removal, TS
329-332, CS 346-348, SPC 358;
candidate for Supreme Court, SPC 430;
relations with contemporaries, AL ii. 239, 240, 277, SPC
293, 300.
STANTON, FREDERIC P.,
secretary of Kansas Territory, WHS 175, 176, CS 168.
STARK, JOHN,
serves in Revolutionary War, PH 240, GW i. 181, GM 60.
STEPHEN, ADAM,
Whig leader in Virginia, PH 151;
in Revolutionary War, GW i. 199;
favors ratification of Constitution, PH 335.
STEPHENS, ALEXANDER H.,
member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 70, JCC 313;
considers Clay an enemy to South, HC ii. 297, 323;
considers compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii.
342,375;
writes manifesto against agitation, CS 87;
secures passage of Kansas-Nebraska Act through House,
WHS 130;

INDEX OF NAMES 149
opposes secession of Georgia, AL i. 183, 187, WHS 205;
vice-president of Confederate States, AL i. 205;
appealed to by Lincoln in 1861, AL i. 210, 211, CS 182;
thinks secession will ruin North, CS 181;
attempts to treat for peace, AL ii. 152, 153, 305.
STEUBEN, BARON,
recommended to Washington by Franklin, BF 246;
his services in War of Revolution, GW i. 232, 249, 343,
JMar 23;
Washington's opinion of, GW i. 142, 249, ii. 334.
STEVENS, THADDEUS,
an Anti-Mason, HC i. 345, TS 29-33, 46;
joins Whig party, AJ 445, TS 51-53, 56;
opposes any compromise in 1861, SPC 203, TS 125-127,
148;
votes to organize Territories without mentioning slavery,
MVB 438, WHS 221;
leader of House during war, AL i. 297, SPC 234, CFA 109,
TS 138-353;
causes increase in Chase's estimates for taxation, SPC 239;
opposes national banks, SPC 277;
opposes compensated emancipation, AL ii. 22, TS 216, 217;
his theory of effect of secession on status of South, AL ii.
109, TS 188, 191, 200-202, 229, 230;
discards legal fictions in speaking of admission of West
Virginia, AL ii. 181, TS 190, 191;
his attitude toward Lincoln, AL ii. 247, 265, TS 186, 192,
193, 326;
slow to oppose Johnson, CS 295-300, TS 257, 258;
his theory of reconstruction, WHS 380, TS 261, 262;
denounced by Johnson, CS 314, TS 265, 281;
favors fourteenth amendmeut, CS 310, 316, TS 260, 271;
supports negro suffrage, SPC 370, TS 263, 275-277;
presents articles of impeachment against Johnson, SPC
360;
distrusts Chase in impeachment trial, SPC 360;
judgments on, GM 45, THB 262, SPC 430.

150 INDEX OF NAMES
STEVENSON, ANDREW,
member of Congress, AJ 241;
presides over Democratic national convention, AJ 442,
MVB 258;
minister to England, DW 242, 246, LC 176, 182.
STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, EARL OF,
serves in Revolutionary War, GW i. 165, J J 45, JMon 10-
12, 15.
STORY, JOSEPH,
member of Massachusetts constitutional convention, DW
108, 112;
an Anti-Mason, A J 294, WHS 14;
his career as member of Supreme Court, AJ 423, 424, 427,
MVB 19, DW 76, 84, 90, 93, 94;
supports Jackson against Nullifiers, JMar 255;
his opinion on various statesmen, JJ 262, JMar 164-167,
169, JCC 59, DW 99, 101, 102, 113, 114, 151;
relations with contemporaries, HC i. 257, DW 104, 105,
124, 134, 250, SPC 19, 77, CS 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 24, 30, 50.
STRACHEY, HENRY,
aids Oswald in peace negotiations of 1782, BF 377, JA 214,
217, JJ 181, 182, 186, 188, 189, 193, 194.
STRONG, JUDGE WILLIAM,
see index to Chase.
STUART, GILBERT,
his portraits of statesmen, GW i. 13, AG 386, JR 159.
SULLIVAN, JAMES,
Governor of Massachusetts, JR 231, DW 29.
SULLIVAN, JOHN,
in continental Congress, PH 108, 110;
receives pension from Luzerne, J J 145;
carries Howe's conciliatory offer to Congress, BF 214;
his career in Revolutionary War, GW i. 165, 180, 197, 198,
243, 244, 266, 269, JJ 84.
SUMNER, CHARLES,
anti-slavery Whig leader, MVB 273, CFA 50, 61, 83, 100,
CS 34-58;

INDEX OF NAMES 151
has controversy with Winthrop, CFA 78, CS 46^8;
joins Free-Soilers in campaign of 1848, MVB 432, CS 58-
63;
elected to Senate, HC ii. 405, WHS 101, SPC 114, CS 80-
86;
signs "Address of Independent Democrats," WHS 119, SPC
138, CS 106;
his speech on " The Crime against Kansas," LC 318, 319,
WHS 159, 162, 163, CS 138-142;
has controversy with Cass and Douglas, LC 319, 320, CS
140-144;
assaulted by Brooks, LC 320, AL i. 99, WHS 163, 164,
SPC 186, CS 146-155;
in 1861 opposes any compromise, CFA 130, 134, 150, CS
189-193;
votes to organize Territories without excluding slavery,
MVB 438, WHS 221;
thinks it possible to stifle secession at outset, CFA 128;
leader in Senate during war, AL i. 296;
urges surrender of Mason and Slidell, WHS 301, 302, 308,
315, CFA 233, CS 209-216;
opposes issue of legal tender notes, TS 170, CS 220;
introduces reconstruction resolutions, WHS 368, CS 259;
becomes a bitter opponent of Johnson, WHS 383, TS 265,
CS 314, 323, 331, 337;
advocates negro suffrage, SPC 370, CS 203-400;
favors purchase of Alaska, WHS 393, CS 338-340;
urges indirect Alabama claims, CFA 380, 385, 388, CS 385-
368;
his share in impeachment trial of Johnson, TS 345, CS
349, 350;
opposes reelection of Grant, CFA 390, CS 411-417;
relations with contemporaries, SPC 98, 113, 321, 422, CFA
105;
his theory of origin of Monroe doctrine, JMon 174;
judgments on, GM 45, MVB 118, TS 128, SPC 57, 119,
134, 430.

152 INDEX OF NAMES
SUMNER, GENERAL EDWIN V.,
see index to Lincoln.
SWAHTWOUT, JOHN,
friend of Burr, JMar 204, 206, MVB 51.
SWARTWOUT, SAMUEL,
one of Jackson's managers, AJ 118, 135;
an office seeker in 1829, MVB 208;
his defalcation as collector of New York, AJ 453, 454,
MVB 208, 364, HC ii. 184.
SWAYNE, JUDGE NOAH H.,
see index to Chase.
TALLEYRAND, CHARLES MAURICE DE,
his career in French Revolution, GM 173, 177, 178, 240;
refused reception by Washington, GW ii. 253;
his part in XYZ affair, JA 277, 287, 288, JMar 104-125,
TJ 167, AG 149;
makes report to Napoleon, on death of Washington, GW
i. 1;
makes advances for reconciliation with United States, JA
288, 294, 299, AH 213, TJ 171, AG 152, 153;
his part in Louisiana sale, JMon 79, 81, 84, 88, 91 ;
appealed to by Monroe to aid in purchase of West Florida,
JMon 98, JR 161, 163;
minister to England in 1832, MVB 227;
judgments on, GM 191, 192, 214, TJ 169.
TALLMADGE, JAMES,
see index to Clay.
TANEY, ROGER B.,
attorney-general under Jackson, AJ 2}2, MVB 199, HC i.
348, LC 137;
favors removal of deposits, A J 354, HC ii. 29;
appointed secretary of treasury, AJ 354, MVB 255, HC ii.
29;
removes deposits from Bank, AG 269, 270, AJ 357-360,
HC ii. 29, DW 220, THB 116, LC 154;
sends his reasons to Congress, AG 270, AJ 360, 361, HC ii.
30, 32;

INDEX OF NAMES 153
his appointment to Treasury Department, rejected by Senate,
AJ 362, HC ii. 44, THB 117;
appointed Chief Justice, AG 270, A J 362, 424, HC ii. 44;
his decision in Dred Scott case, MVB 446, 447, THB 317,
AL i. 102-104, WHS 170, 171, 179, 181;
administers oath of office to Lincoln, AL i. 220;
defied by Lincoln in Merryman case, AL i. 287, 288, WHS
293, SPC 326, 327;
his death, SPC 320, 324, CS 278;
vindictiveness of anti-slavery men toward, CS 278.
TARLETON, SIR BANASTRE,
his career in Revolutionary War, PH 188, GW i. 317, GM
214, HC i. 3, THB 7;
nearly captures Virginia legislature, PH 279, 280, TJ 59,
60;
TAYLOR, JOHN W.,
in New York politics, MVB 76, HC i. 177, 179.
TAYLOR, GENERAL ZACHARY,
ordered to bring on war with Mexico, HC ii. 274-283, JCC
274, LC 231, WHS 61, CS 45;
his career in Mexican war, HC ii. 286, 287, LC 246, 247,
AL i. 75;
becomes candidate for presidency, MVB 426, 430, HC ii.
294-299, DW 265, LC 247, 248, WHS 48, CFA 85;
nominated by Whigs, MVB 430, HC ii. 305-308, DW 266,
288, LC 248, AL i. 78, 79, WHS 49, 51, SPC 96, CFA 88,
CS57;
opposition to, among Whigs, HC ii. 308-310, DW 267, 287,
LC 241, 250, WHS 73, 74, CFA 89;
supported by Southern Democrats, HC ii. 309, 314, LC 260,
261;
elected President, MVB 431, HC ii. 313, 314, DW 267,
THB 291, WHS 55;
his inauguration and Cabinet, HC ii. 321, LC 267;
urges California and New Mexico to form state constitu
tions, HC ii. 321, 322, THB 293, LC 267, 268, AL i. 88,
WHS 66, CS 69;

154 INDEX OF NAMES
opposes Clay's compromise measures, HC ii. 352, LC 281,
WHS 77, 93;
demands admission of California, HC ii. 326-328, 351, DW
291, 292, 302, JCC 334, WHS 69;
sends agent to Hungary, HC ii. 392, DW 324;
denounced by South, HC ii. 328, WHS 74, SPC 120;
defies Southern threats, HC ii. 351, 352, WHS 69, 89, 94,
95;
his death, HC ii. 355, DW 324, THB 299, LC 282, WHS
93-96, SPC 129, CFA 102, CS 72;
judgments upon, MVB 463, HC ii. 353, DW 303, THB 10,
237, 293, LC 282, WHS 76.
TAZEWELL, LITTLETON W.,
at Virginia bar, JMar 169;
an " old Republican," JR 197, 219, 235;
in Senate, DW 151;
candidate for State Department under Jackson, MVB 180;
in Virginia constitutional convention, JMar 240.
TECUMSEH, plans to unite Northern and Southern Indians, AJ 36, 37,
LC57;
defeated at Tippecanoe, LC 58;
killed at battle of Thames, AJ 42, HC i. 105, THB 7, LC
86, 87.
THACHER, OXENBRIDGE,
Massachusetts Whig leader, SA 38, 49, 134, PH 82.
THOMAS, GENERAL GEORGE H,
his career in Civil War, GM 45, 283, THB 287, AL ii. 40,
164-166, 300, 301.
THOMAS, PHILIP F.,
in Bnchanan's Cabinet, AL i. 198, 200, WHS 208.
THOMPSON, JACOB,
secretary of interior under Buchanan, LC 329, 348, AL i.
188;
aids secessionists, LC 340, AL i. 188;
resigns, AL i. 200, WHS 209.

INDEX OF NAMES 155
THOMPSON, SMITH,
secretary of navy, JMon 130;
his career in New York state politics, MVB 42, 44, 166;
member of Supreme Court, JMon 138, AJ 423.
THOMPSON, WADDY,
opponent of J. Q. Adams in Congress, JQA 259, 268, 271,
274, 277;
moves to annex Texas, JCC 232.
THOMSON, CHARLES,
secretary of continental Congress, SA 282, PH 104, 105,
107-109, GW ii. 350, JJ 121.
THORNTON, SIR EDWARD,
British minister to United States, CFA 388, CS 373.
TICKNOR, GEORGE,
referred to, J Mon 65, DW 114-116, 178, TS 13-15, CS 74.
TILDEN, SAMUEL J.,
member of Albany Regency, MVB 112,
a Barnburner in 1848, MVB 416, 424, 425, HC ii. 311, LC
253;
favors reorganization of Democratic party, SPC 365;
loses leadership of Democrats in 1880, MVB 412.
TOMPKINS, DANIEL D.,
his career in New York state politics, JJ 298, MVB 45, 60,
64, WHS 7; [190;
vice-president, JMon 128, AJ 92, MVB 66, 72, 73, HC i.
in New York constitutional convention, MVB 77;
candidate for President, JQA 149, MVB 74;
discredited by financial difficulties, AJ 92, 93, MVB 68, 73;
judgment on, MVB 173.
TOOMBS, ROBERT,
member of Congress, AL i. 74, TS 70, 97;
considers compromise of 1850 a Southern victory, HC ii.
375;
applauds Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 146, 147;
offers bill to regulate Kansas, WHS 165;
demands acquisition of Cuba, WHS 188;
plans secession in 1860, AL i. 186, 204, WHS 216.

156 INDEX OF NAMES
TOUCEY, ISAAC,
secretary of navy under Buchanan, LC 328, AL i. 187.
TOWNSHEND, CHARLES,
proposes colonial taxation, BF 104;
Chancellor of Exchequer, BF 147;
opposes claims of colonies, BF 116, SA 88;
proposes revenue customs duties, BF 149, 150, SA 89;
proposes to discipline New York, BF 150, SA 89;
his death, BF 151, SA 91.
TRACEY, URIAH,
Federalist leader in House, AG 98, 119, 120;
in Senate, JQA 68, JR 141, HC i. 48.
TROUP, GEORGE M.,
in Congress, DW47;
as Governor of Georgia, defies United States regarding
Creek lands, AJ 222;
denounces tariff but opposes disunion, AJ 256.
TROUP, ROBERT,
his relations with Federalist leaders, AH 10, 83, GM 279,
JJ 56, 319.
TRUMBULL, LYMAN,
his legal career in Illinois, AL i. 68;
elected to Senate, AL i. 96-98, 296;
his career in Senate during war and reconstruction, AL ii.
14, CS 137, 200, 308, 395;
votes against impeachment of Johnson, TS 345, CS 398;
opposes Grant's reelection, CFA 390, CS 410.
TRYON, WILLIAM,
royal governor of New York, GW i. 143, GM 37, 38;
works against Whigs, GW i. 158, 160, JJ 45, 60;
leads British raids in Connecticut, GW i. 269.
TUCK, AMOS,
member of Congress, SPC 114, CS 55.
TURGOT, A. R. J.,
opposes French aid to colonies on grounds of expense, BF
227, 228, 319, JJ 132, 133, AH 27.

INDEX OF NAMES 157
TURNER, NAT,
his insurrection, CS 38, HC ii. 74.
TUYL, BARON,
negotiations of Adams with, JQA 131, JMon 172.
TYLER, JOHN,
iii Virginia politics after Revolution, PH 281, 282, 290,
JMad 57, 58;
opposes ratification of Constitution, PH 320.
TYLER, JOHN,
supports Clay in 1824, HC i. 257, 279;
describes Kitchen Cabinet, A J 324;
Senator from Virginia, JR 299, HC ii. 69;
opposes Force Bill, HC ii. 17, THB 94;
mediates between Calhoun and Clay, AJ 338;
reports in favor of Bank, A J 368, 375;
refuses to vote for expunging resolutions and resigns, AJ
366, HC ii. 100, THB 214;
candidate for vice-president in 1836, AJ 449, MVB 260,
HC ii. 98;
nominated for vice-president in 1839, HC ii. 174, 181,
THB 211;
succeeds Harrison, MVB 402, HC ii. 198, DW 243, THB
210;
his political principles, HC ii. 200, 201, THB 210, LC 210;
his relations with Whig party, HC ii. 200, 202, 203, THB
213;
doubtful about a Bank, HC ii. 203, THB 225;
vetoes first Bank Bill, HC ii. 206, DW 244, THB 226;
attacked by Whigs, HC ii. 208, 209, DW 244, THB 276;
vetoes second Bank Bill after authorizing it, HC ii. 209-
211, 214, DW 244, THB 227;
repudated by Whigs, HC ii. 213-217, DW 251, THB 227;
vetoes tariff bills, HC ii. 226, 227;
various other acts as President, AG 278, HC ii. 205, 211,
237, 279, THB 214, 228;
his part in McLeod affair, THB 240;
aids in urging Ashburton treaty, LC 188, 190;

158 INDEX OF NAMES
TYLER, JOHN (continued),
urges annexation of Texas, HC ii. 236-238, 249, 271, JCC
224, 232, 236, 250, THB 266, 271, 272, LC 211, 224, WHS
44, CS41;
offers State Department to Calhoun, HC ii. 241, JCC 226;
has presidential ambitions, HC ii. 253, THB 227, 282, LC
210;
suggests annexation of Texas by joint resolution, HC ii. 260,
273, JCC 245, 246, 253, THB 36, WHS 61, CS 42;
judgments on, AJ 456, MVB 402, 403, HC ii. 215, 216,
THB 212, SPC 87.
UPSHUR, ABEL P.,
secretary of state under Tyler, HC ii. 237, JCC 224, LC
211;
urges annexation of Texas, HC ii. 238, 239, JCC 224, CS 42;
uuable to promise Texas military support, HC 239, JCC
225;
says slavery will be extinguished in Texas if it be not
annexed, JCC 236;
his death, HC ii. 240.
VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT L.,
counsel for slave-catchers, SPC 168;
member of Congress in 1861, AL i. 297, WHS 218, 230, SPC
199, CFA 110;
denounces the war and tries to hinder it, AL ii. 185, 186,
TS 144, 196, 197;
arrested, tried and sent South, AL ii. 187, SPC 300;
his case comes before Supreme Court, SPC 327;
candidate for Governor of Ohio, AL ii. 188, 192;
at Democratic national convention of 1864, AL ii. 279;
favors Chase's nomination in 1868, SPC 367;
judgments upon, GM 312, AL ii. 190, 191;
VAN BUREN, JOHN,
leads Barnburners, MVB 415-425, HC ii. 312;
rejoins Democratic party, MVB 435, 439, CFA 98;
his relations with Chase, SPC 367.

INDEX OF NAMES 159
VAN BUREN, MARTIN,
special prosecutor in Hull court martial, LC 83;
leader of Albany regency, A J 111, WHS 8, MVB 111;
develops spoils system in New York, THB 73, MVB 50, 53,
57, 58, 75;
nominated for vice-president in Georgia, A J 107;
manages Republican caucus to nominate Crawford, AG 357,
358, A J 110, 130, MVB 95, 105;
in campaign of 1824 works for Crawford, HC i. 230, 233,
THB 55, MVB 107-115;
becomes manager for Jackson, JQA 192, JR 285, AJ 129,
130, HC i. 280, MVB 154, 158;
founds a new party, JR 285, AJ 131-133, 135, DW 146,
MVB 118, 153, 178; [146;
asserts principles of States' rights, AJ 139, MVB 128, 145,
in Senate leads attack on Adams's administration, JR 285,
HC i. 273, MVB 126-128, 161;
Governor of New York, HC i. 343, MVB 165, 168-175;
secretary of state under Jackson, AJ 182, 187, HC i. 330,
MVB 172-222;
rival of Calhoun for succession to Jackson, AJ 181, 193,
JCC 86, MVB 174, 180;
his relations with Jackson, AJ 196, 201, HC i. 366, MVB
190, 205, 206, 254, 255;
his relations with Kitchen Cabinet, THB 165, MVB 207;
discussion of his responsibility for introduction of spoils sys
tem into federal government, HC i. 368, ii. 185, LC 139,
MVB 137-140, 207, 214, 215;
his instructions to McLane, AJ 210, HC i. 367, DW 205,
MVB 219-222;
his attitude in Eaton affair, AJ 196, HC i. 366, 367, JCC
85, LC 136, MVB 183, 184;
visits Crawford in Jackson's interest, A J 198, MVB 157;
planned for by Kitchen Cabinet as Jackson's successor, A J
200, 211, THB 87, MVB 234, 254;
takes no part in quarrel of Jackson and Calhoun, AJ 206,
JCC 86, MVB 185, 187;

160 INDEX OF NAMES
VAN BUBEN, MARTIN (continued),
resigns in 1831, A J 209, LC 136, MVB 194, 197;
appointed minister to England, JMar 256, AJ 210, HC i.
367, MVB 223-229;
his nomination rejected by Senate, AJ 210, HC i. 367-369,
DW 205, 206, THB 165, MVB 230-234;
nominated for vice-president, AJ 317, 318, 321, THB 89,
MVB 237-243, 247;
opposes removal of deposits, A J 346, 347, MVB 249, 250;
votes to exclude abolition matter from mails, HC ii. 86,
THB 151, MVB 277, 278, 404;
appealed to by Clay melodramatically, HC ii. 38, 39, MVB
253;
nominated for President, A J 442, HC ii. 96, MVB 259;
his letters as candidate, AJ 442, 448, MVB 265-269;
elected in 1836, AJ 448, HC i. 98, 130, THB 163-166, MVB
278-281;
his administration pays penalty for Jackson's errors, AJ
450, HC ii. 172, 173, 185, DW 230;
inaugurated, AJ 452, HC ii. 130, JCC 118, MVB 283-286;
does not foresee panic, THB 170, MVB 286;
his behavior during panic, THB 174, MVB 325, 345;
refuses to rescind specie circular, HC ii. 131, MVB 314;
calls extra session of Congress, HC ii. 131, 133, MVB
321;
his recommendations, HC ii. 133-135, THB 175, MVB
326-333;
urges sub-treasury plan, JCC 183, MVB 331, 377;
denounced by Whigs, THB 175, 203, LC 156, MVB 334,
336, 346, 368, 369, 384, 385, 388-390;
his prudent policy in Caroline affair, THB 239, MVB 354,
355;
renominated in 1840, HC ii. 103, MVB 379;
defeated in election, HC ii. 189, THB 166, 207, 208, MVB
390, 391, CFA 42;
argues with Clay to exclude Texas issue in 1844, HC ii.
244, 247, THB 264, MVB 400, 405;

INDEX OF NAMES 161
plots of Southerners against, JCC 214, 215, LC 216, MVB
404-411;
his chances damaged by Jackson's Texas letter, AJ 458,
THB 265, LC 212, 213;
loses nomination, AJ 460, HC ii. 251, 252, JCC 243, THB
275, LC 217, 218, WHS 44;
leader of Barnburners in New York, HC ii. 304, LC 240,
MVB 415-421, SPC 96;
nominated for President by Barnburners at Utica, HC ii.
311, LC 251, MVB 425-427, CFA 90, 91;
nominated by Free-Soilers at Buffalo, HC ii. 312, LC 253,
WHS 49, MVB 428, SPC 100, 101, CFA 91, CS 59;
execrated in South, LC 307, MVB 430;
fails to attract support of anti-slavery Whigs, HC ii. 313,
DW 287, MVB 431, CFA 97, 99;
vote for, in election of 1848, HC ii. 314, THB 292, LC
256, 259, 260, MVB 431, 432, SPC 102, CFA 92, 95,
99;
relations with contemporaries, AG 349, HC ii. 243, 244,
THB 170;
judgments on, JQA 193, AJ 251, 450, 452, HC ii. 129, 130,
THB 163, 166, LC 204, 205, SPC 9, 87, CFA 43, 96;
his views on tariff, AJ 239, 251, MVB 99, 103, 142, 243,
249, 401;
opinions on Bank, AJ 285, 316, MVB 244, 251, 267, 328,
329;
his attitude on abolition in District of Columbia, HC ii.
230, THB 167, MVB 274, 285, 429.
VAN NESS, "WILLIAM P.,
a supporter of Burr, JR 113, MVB 17, 43.
VAN SCHAACK, PETER,
see index to Jay.
VAUGHAN, BENJAMIN,
sent by Shelburne to Paris, BF 372, J J 154;
carries Jay's message to Shelburne, BF 376, J J 172-175;
his further connection with treaty of 1783, BF 381, JJ 178,
190, 191.

162 INDEX OF NAMES
VERGENNES, CHARLES GRAVIER, COMTE DE,
predicts independence of colonies, BF 83 ;
urges that France aid colonies, BF 227, 229, J J 131-134;
his relations with Deane and Beaumarchais, BF 229, JJ
134; [290;
aims to avoid war with England, BF 230-234, 250-252,
makes treaty of alliance, BF 274, 285, JJ 135-137;
considers the accession of Spain necessary to success, JJ
107-110, 161, 162, 179;
aids United States by loans and gifts, BF 325, 328, 333,
350, 351, GW i. 332, JA 174;
refuses to treat with England separately, BF 364, J J 200;
secretly opposes recognition of United States by Holland,
JA 190-193;
his attitude toward England and United States during
peace negotiations, BF 368, 370, 373, JA 201, 203, JJ 125,
150, 153, 195;
works against American claims, BF 378, JA 159-161, 209,
213, 214, GM 105, JJ 126, 129, 130, 132, 137-147, 159,
160, 163, 167, 169, 170, 177, 190, 191;
his opinion on the treaty as concluded, BF 383-387, JA
218, 219, JJ 194, 196, 199, 200;
his pohcy discussed, BF 252, 393-396, JA 155, 156, 161,
GM 105, JJ 132, 133, 161, 162;
his dealings with Washington and Jefferson, GW i. 329,
330, TJ 71;
his relations with Arthur Lee, BF 290, 291;
unfriendly with Adams, BF 350, 379, JA 168-170, 182-
188, 204-207, 228;
on good terms with Franklin, BF 346, 352, 362, 378, 393,
398, JJ 160, 161, 184;
his relations with Jay, BF 373, 375, JJ 160, 161.
VERPLANCK, GULIAN C,
introduces tariff bill in 1832, HC ii. 8, 12-14, LC 151.
VICTORIA, QUEEN,
her coronation, LC 170, CS 22;
moderates English anger in Trent affair, WHS 249.

INDEX OF NAMES 163
VOLTAIRE, FRANCOIS MARIE AROUET DE,
his relations with American statesmen, BF 288, 289, AG
78.
VON HOLST, H. C.,
his opinions quoted or discussed, JQA 213, MVB 325, 406,
HC ii. 107, DW 172, 305, 347, LC 185.
WADE, BENJAMIN F.,
anti-slavery Whig in Ohio, SPC 84;
elected to Senate, HC ii. 405, WHS 101, SPC 113, CS 89;
his career in Senate, AL i. 296, WHS 188, 221, SPC 117,
145, 146, 234, CS 280;
rival of Chase in Ohio, SPC 114, 184-194;
opposes Lincoln bitterly, AL ii. 104, WHS 370, CS 27;
obliged to support him in 1864, AL ii. 265;-
leads opposition to Johnson, TS 246, CS 295, 325, 349;
judgments upon, SPC 119, 148, CS 349.
WADE, EDWARD,
signs "Address to Independent Democrats," SPC 138, CS
106.
WADSWORTH, GENERAL JAMES S.,
referred to, HC ii. 312, AL ii. 34, 40.
WALKER, ROBERT J.,
presents petitions for annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92;
leads annexationists in Democratic convention of 1844,
MVB 408, 409;
succeeds in carrying Texas annexation resolution through
Senate, HC ii. 272;
secretary of treasury under Polk, SPC 216;
governor of Kansas, LC 325, WHS 172, 173; [174;
gains confidence of Free State men, LC 325, WHS 173,
refuses to sanction Lecompton constitution, WHS 175;
counsel in suit of Mississippi vs Johnson, SPC 348.
WALPOLE, THOMAS,
see index to Franklin.
WARD, SAMUEL,
Whig leader in Rhode Island, SA 309;
in continental Congress, PH 105, 112, 171.

164 INDEX OF NAMES
WARREN, JAMES,
see index to S. Adams.
WARREN, JOSEPH,
see index to S. Adams.
WASHBURNE, ELIHU B.,
a friend of Lincoln, AL i. 97, 210, 214;
in Congress, AL i. 297, TS 259, 315, CFA 110;
hi3 career as minister to France, GM 223, JMon 52, 64;
secretary of state, CS 363.
WASHINGTON, BUSHROD,
his education, GW ii. 370, JMon 5, 9;
refused an appointment by Washington, GW ii. 62;
appointed Justice of Supreme Court, JMar 129, 136;
persuades Marshall to write " Life of Washington," JMar
228-233;
in Dartmouth College case, DW 80, 84, 87, 93.
WASHINGTON, GEORGE,
his birthplace, JMar 2, JMon 4; [132;
Whig leader in Virginia, PH 151, 152, 176, GW i. 119-127,
member of continental Congress, PH 99, 101, 102, JA
84, GW i. 128-132, 134;
appointed commander-in-chief, SA 302, 305, JA 94-97, GM
37, 40, GW i. 134;
slow to desire independence, SA 310, GM 28, GW i. 119,
130, 131, 159, 160;
his military career in War of Revolution, BF 209, 267, PH
157, 221, 235, 236, 240, 241, AH 14, GM 41, 75, 100, JJ
55, 60, 66, 74, 75,, 85, JMar 18, 20, TJ 28, AG 12, GW i.
137-319;
receives extraordinary powers in 1776, PH 227, 229, 286;
harassed by foreign adventurers, BF 242, 245, GM 73, 74,
GW i. 191, 192, 248, 249;
opposition to, in Congress, SA 339, PH 154, TJ 31, GW i.
189, 214, 215, 222, 232;
has difficulties with Gates, AH 15-19, GW i. 212;
attacked by Conway cabal, BF 298, PH 242-250, JA 134,
135, GM 66, GW i. 215, 216, 220-227;

INDEX OF NAMES 165
disapproves proposed invasion of Canada, GM 77, JJ 88,
150, GW i. 253;
his efforts to induce Congress to improve condition of army,
SA 342, AH 39, GM 68, 69, GW i. 156, 171, 231, 259, 294,
323, 333, 334;
appeals for aid to the States, PH 221, 238, 269, 270, TJ 54,
AG 11, GW i. 296, 323, 344;
his dealings with French, BF 328, SA 342, GW i. 242-246,
254, 255, 280, 282, 332;
checks mutinous movement at Newburg, AH 40, 41, GW
i. 335-337;
resigns commission, JJ 67, GW i. 347-349;
wishes to strengthen government of Confederation, JMon
20, GW i. 297-299, 342, ii. 20, 21, 25;
connected with canal companies, PH 300, 301, JMad 54,
GW i. 9-12;
presides over Federal convention, GM 115, JMad 60, GW
ii. 29-37;
urges ratification of Constitution, PH 313, 341, 344, 346,
AH 74, GW ii. 37-40;
elected first President, BF 412, AH 81, JMad 122, AG 40,
JR 17, 18, GW ii. 41-46;
his Cabinet, AH 83, TJ 87, 88, AG 97, 98, GW ii. 64-70;
question of his title, JMad 123, 124, GW ii. 52;
appoints Jay Chief Justice, J J 236, GW ii. 72;
sounds England as to renewal of relations, AH 185, GM
197, GW ii. 137;
his opinion of the French Revolution, AH 158, GM 164-166,
GW ii. 139, 140;
convinced by Hamilton of constitutionality of Bank, AH
103, 130, TJ 107, JMad 163, GW ii. 110, 112;
tries to prevent quarrel of Jefferson and Hamilton, AH 141,
142, 145, TJ 104, 110, 111, 122, 126, JMad 188, GW ii.
229-233;
attached by Freneau and others, TJ 120, JMad 205, GW ii.
227, 238;
appoints Morris minister to France, GM 219, 220;

166 INDEX OF NAMES
WASHINGTON, GEORGE (continued),
supported by all for second term, TJ 111, 112, JMad 186,
187, GW ii. 235;
his foreign policy, AH 151, JJ 265, JMad 195, GW ii. 133,
137, 140-143, 216-219;
issues neutrality proclamation, SA 367, AH 159-161, JJ
257, JMar 95, JMad 196, GW ii. 146-149;
anticipates Monroe doctrine, AH 161, JMon 166, 167;
deals firmly with Genet, AH 166-173, JMar 95, JMad 201,
GW ii. 152-160;
sends Jay on special mission to England, AH 173-177, JJ
265, JMad 211, GW ii. 177, 178; [211, 212;
appoints Monroe minister to France, JMon 34, 40, GW ii.
issues proclamation against Whiskey rioters, AH 180, 181,
AG 54, 77, 87, 88, 92, 96, GW ii. 124-130;
denounces Democratic societies, AH 183, TJ 150, GW ii.
242,243; [204,206;
called a dupe by Republicans, AH 137, TJ 150, 157, JMad
signs Jay treaty, AH 187, 190, 284, JJ 275, 282, AG 102,
A J 31, GW ii. 184-201;
objects to English provision order, AH 189, JMad 212,
GW ii. 185;
refuses call of House for papers, JMad 216, 217, AG 114,
GW ii. 208;
obtains surrender of Western posts, AG 128;
recalls Monroe, GM 261, MVB 89, GW ii. 214-216;
violently attacked, JA 252, JMar 88, 89, 136, TJ 166, 201,
JMad 198, 212, AG 104-106, 128, 129, JMon 73, AJ 14,
15, GW ii. 244, 245, 250-259;
unable to secure a runaway slave, SPC 33;
issues Farewell Address, AG 128, GW ii. 248;
at Adams's inauguration, JA 261, 262, GW ii. 276;
sustains Federalist party, GM 279, TJ 235, 283, JMad 210,
AG 77, 102, MVB 38; [267, 269;
fears danger from Republicans, GM 279, GW ii. 259-262,
commands provisional army, PH 407, JA 271, AH 203, 206,
JMar 103, AG 155, GW ii. 285, 290;

INDEX OF NAMES 167
settles quarrel over rank of generals, JA 285, 286, AH 204,
GW ii. 286-289;
urges Marshall to run for Congress, JMar 131;
appeals to Henry to oppose Virginia Republicans, PH 43,
414, JR 28, GW ii. 267;
plan of Federalists to run for a third term as President, JA
312, GM 285, GWii. 269;'
his death, GM 279, 282, 285, JMar 137-139, AG 158, GW
ii. 299-303;
his biography written by Marshall, JMar 228-237;
relations with contemporaries, SA 340, PH 164, 183, 221,
245-248, 251, 252, 317, 401^03, JA 65, 132, 262, 308,
309, AH 13-17, 21, 23, 156, 157, 167, 177, GM 72, 73, 109,
254, 255, JJ 244, 317, JMar 21, 109, TJ 63, 145, 146, 164-
166, JMad 222, 223, 240, AG 22, 23, JMon 34, 67-70, 234,
252-260, JQA 19, 21-24, A J 11;
estimates of, BF 307, 308, 339, 344, 404, 407, SA 336, 340,
JA 130-133, 318, GM 44, 45, 101, TJ 165, 166, JMad 204,
AG 383, MVB 5, 6, 126-129, 464, HC i. 377, AL ii. 357.
WASHINGTON, LAWRENCE,
see index to Washington.
WATKINS, TOBIAS,
his defalcation under Adams's administration, AJ 189,
MVB 212.
WAYNE, GENERAL ANTHONY,
his career in War of Revolution, GW i. 198, 199, 235, 268,
269, 307, JMar 22;
commands expedition against Indians, GW ii. 100-103, THB
6, LC 38, AG 117.
WAYNE, JAMES M.,
opposes tariff, A J 256;
member of Supreme Court, AJ 423, SPC 325, 354
¦WEBSTER, DANIEL,
studies at Dartmouth College, WHS 14, DW 15-23;
Federalist leader in Congress, JMad 309, DW 44, 65;
appealed, to by Calhoun to aid in passing Bank Bill, JCC
26, DW 61;

168 INDEX OF NAMES
WEBSTER, DANIEL (continued),
practices before Supreme Court, JMar 169, DW 66-97;
his plea in Dartmouth College case, JMar 188, 189, DW
74-95;
counsel for Bank in McCulloch vs Maryland, JMar 192,
DW 203;
in House offers resolution to send commissioner to Greece,
HC i. 209, DW 128-130;
in election of 1824, JQA 165, 173, AJ 105, DW 140, 142;
urges Adams not to proscribe Federalists, AJ 125, HC i.
247, DW 144;
congratulates Clay on his vindication from bargain story,
HC. i. 257, 285;
defends Panama Congress, JMon 177, JQA 190, MVB 130,
DW 136, 137;
upholds Monroe doctrine, JMon 177, HC i. 269, DW 137;
takes no part in election of 1828, AJ 179, JCC 82, DW
146;
his reply to Hayne, AJ 233, 257, MVB 188, HC i. 347, 348,
THB 71, 87, DW 168-180;
condemns Jackson's Bank veto, HC i. 377, ii. 30, THB 114,
155, DW 204; [DW 202;
regrets separate activity of Anti-Masons in 1832, AJ 444,
denounces nullification, HC ii. 4, 5, THB 92, 93, DW 206;
advocates Force Bill, HC ii. 17, THB 94, DW 209;
attacks compromise tariff, AJ 336, HC ii. 16, THB 95, D W
208, 210, 213;
debates Calhoun's resolution on nature of Union, AJ 334,
DW 210, 211;
becomes opponent of Jackson's Bank policy, AJ 191, MVB
230, THB 118 ;
makes report on removal of deposits, A J 364, MVB 252;
presents distress petitions, HC ii. 38, D W 221 ;
condemns " pet banks," AJ 357, MVB 299, 300;
attacks Van Buren, MVB 231, DW 205, 206;
supports resolutions of eensure on Jackson, HG ii. 37, 43,
DW 223;

INDEX OF NAMES 169
opposes Fortification Bill, THB 131, DW 224, 227;
denounces spoils system, HC ii. 62, 63, 69, 197, DW 167,
225;
supports Calhoun's patronage bill, CFA 23, 24;
opposes expunging resolutions, HC ii. 102, 105, THB 126,
127, DW 226, 228;
condemns specie circular, THB 133, DW 227;
other points in his career in the Senate, AJ 218, MVB 339,
357, HC ii. 126, THB 124, 132, 196, 202;
candidate for President in 1836, AJ 444, 448, MVB 260,
280, HC ii. 98, DW 218, 219;
votes against bill to exclude abolitionist literature from
mails, MVB 276, 404, DW 274;
approves distribution of surplus, MVB 300, 334, 338, HC ii.
136, THB 177;
condemns Sub-Treasury plan, THB 178, 181, DW 230;
denounces Van Buren as author of panic of 1837, MVB
333, 335;
his speeches in campaign of 1840, MVB 383, 384, HC ii.
175, 187, DW 231-233;
secretary of war under Harrison, HC ii. 191, 207, 213, LC
176, 177, WHS 34, DW 234-254;
his action in McLeod case, WHS 29-33, DW 242, 243;
remains in Cabinet under Tyler, HC ii. 214-218, THB 227,
230, DW 244, 245;
damages party standing by not resigning, HC ii. 218, 219,
DW 250-252;
negotiates Ashburton treaty, AG 349, 350, HC ii. 218, JCC
209, 210, THB 237, 238, 242-245, LC 187, 188, WHS 33,
DW 246-249;
denounced by Cass, LC 189-193, DW 253;
his policy in Creole case, JCC 209, DW 249, 279, CS 30;
ignores Oregon question, HC ii. 289, THB 246, LC 230,
DW 254, 257-259;
resigns from Cabinet, HC ii. 237, JCC 224, DW 254;
against annexation of Texas, HC ii. 92, 237, DW 275, 276,
280-282;

170 INDEX OF NAMES
WEBSTER, DANIEL (continued),
supports Clay in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 250, 251, TS 63,
DW 255;
doubtful about Mexican War, CFA 71, DW 282;
candidate for Whig nomination in 1848, HC ii. 306, CFA
77-85, CS 54, DW 265;
disgusted at Taylor's nomination, MVB 430, WHS 74, CFA
89, CS 57, DW 265-267;
ridicules Van Buren as a Free-Soil candidate, MVB 431,
DW 266, 267; [74;
his haughty attitude toward Taylor's administration, WHS
debates with Calhoun the question of the extension of the
Constitution over Territories, JCC 321, 322, DW 290;
makes 7th of March speech in support of Clay's compro
mise, MVB 435, 437, HC ii. 340, 346, 350, LC 278, AL i.
40, WHS 78-81, SPC 124, 129, CFA 102, CS 72, DW
292-294;
denounced in New England, WHS 81, TS 84, DW 294, 295,
297-299, 315, 316;
secretary of state under Fillmore, HC ii. 355, WHS 93, CS
72, DW 324-334;
condemns agitation of slavery, HC ii. 377, 387, WHS 100,
CS 87, DW 318-320;
writes Hiilsemann letter, HC ii. 392, DW 325;
receives Kossuth, HC ii. 394, DW 326;
tries to prevent Sumner's election to Senate, CS 82;
candidate for Whig nomination in 1852, HC ii. 399-403,
LC 289, WHS 112, 113, DW 328-330;
bis views on tariff, AJ 237, 251, MVB 100, HC i. 13.0, 218,
220, THB 33, 60;
opinions on the Bank, AJ 270-273, 401, HC i. 133, 356, ii.
142, THB 111, 112, 121;
his presidential aspirations, AJ 444, HC ii. 97, 174, LC 246,
248, DW 202, 218-220, 229, 321, 328;
relations with contemporaries, JQA 209, 296, AJ 114, HC
i. 354, ii. 175, 250, JCC 60, 348, THB 78, 117, 319-321,
LC 38, 182, 183, 194, CFA 12, CS 11;

INDEX OF NAMES 171
judgments upon, AH 273, JMon 129, MVB 32, 150, 465,
HC i. 218, ii. 409, JCC 3-6, THB 49, 100, 120, 232, 284,
300, 301, LC 363, 365, WHS 91, SPC 8, 10, 415, CS 73,
74, TS 63, 135.
WEBSTER, EBENEZER,
see index to Webster.
WEBSTER, EZEKIEL,
quoted, JQA 204, A J 105;
see index to Webster.
WEDDERBURN, ALEXANDER,
attacks Franklin before Privy Council, BF 188, 189, SA
200.
WEED, THURLOW,
advocates rotation in office, MVB 67;
an active Anti-Mason, MVB 245, HC i. 345, WHS 11,
12;
becomes leader of New York Whigs, MVB 363, HC ii.
198, SPC 125;
prevents nomination of Clay in 1840, MVB 378, HC ii.
177-179, 181;
in order to secure an office for Curtis, causes break between
Harrison and Clay, HC ii. 193-197;
laments Clay's letters in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 265, LC
221, 222;
secures nomination of Taylor in 1848, HC ii. 294, LC 247,
248;
at Republican convention of 1856, WHS 143, 144;
in 1860 urges compromise, AL i. 193, WHS 211, 213, SPC
201, CS 179, 190;
disgusted with Lincoln's Cabinet, WHS 213-215, SPC 205,
302;
goes on unofficial mission to England, WHS 322, CFA 233,
238, 354;
his relations with Greeley, WHS 198, 199, SPC 219;
judgments on, THB 164, SPC 184-187.
WEEMS, MASON L.,
see index to Washington.

172 INDEX OF NAMES
WELLES, GIDEON,
secretary of navy under Lincoln, AL i. 234, WHS 213, £14,
230, CFA 143;
opposed to relief of Sumter, AL i. 245-247, WHS 233,
235, SPC 210;
wishes Southern ports closed by proclamation, AL i. 284;
approves Wilkes's course in Trent affair, WHS 300, 301,
308, CFA 232, 237, CS 209;
opposes issue of letters of marque, CS 241;
disapproves Liucoln's amnesty plan, AL ii. 310;
judgment on, WHS 230.
WELLESLEY, RICHARD COLLEY, MARQUESS,
compliments American peace commissioners at Ghent, JQA
96, 98, HC i. 119.
WELLINGTON, ARTHUR WELLESLY, DUKE OF,
opposes continuation of War of 1812, AG 322, 335, HC i.
108, 124;
his position in English society, MVB 227; THB 67.
WHEATON, HENRY,
his diplomatic career, AG 381, LC 182, 184.
WHEELOCK, JOHN,
see index to Webster.
WHITE, HUGH L.,
quarrels with Jackson, A J 212, 441;
opposes Jackson in Senate, AJ 365, MVB 277, HC ii. 69,
102;
leads Tennessee against Van Buren, AJ 441, MVB 256-
260;
candidate of Southwest for President in 1836, AJ 444, 448,
MVB 256, 257, 279, 280, HC ii. 98, AL i. 50.
WHITNEY, REUBEN M.,
see index to Jackson.
WHITTIER, JOHN GREENLEAF,
see index to Sumner.
WIGFALL, LOUIS T.,
expects Confederate success in 1861, AL i. 196, CS 181.

INDEX OF NAMES 173
WILKES, CAPTAIN CHARLES,
in Trent affair, AL i. 380-382, WHS 298-317, CFA 210-
233, CS 208-215.
WILKINS, WILLIAM,
receives electoral votes for vice-president in 1832, A J 321,
MVB 248.
WILKINSON, JAMES,
serves in War of Revolution, GW i. 180, 220, JMon 10;
connected with Conway cabal, GW i. 223, 226;
leads expedition against Indians, GW ii. 45;
takes possession of Louisiana, TJ 221;
his relations with Burr, JMar 204, 205, JR 156;
betrays Burr, JMar 206;
siezes Burr's accomplices, JMar 206, LC 49;
his testimony in Burr's trial, JMar 210, 222, JR 218, 219,
222;
challenges Randolph to a duel, JR 259;
quarrels with Jackson, A J 26, 35;
serves in War of 1812, AJ 42, HC i. 105, 106.
¦WILLIAMS, JOHN,
member of Senate, AJ 95, JCC 43.
WILMOT, DAVID,
offers anti-slavery proviso to three-million bill, MVB 416,
417, HC ii. 285, 286, DW 283, JCC 278, LC 232, CS 56;
leader of Free-Soilers, MVB 419, AL i. 74, SPC 114, TS
69;
in Senate in 1861, AL i. 296;
estimate of, THB 262.
WILSON, HENRY,
" conscience " Whig leader in Massachusetts, CFA 50, 51,
CS44;
leads Whig bolt from Taylor in 1848, HC ii. 306, LC 250,
CFA 89, CS 58;
Free-Soil leader, CS 74, 76;
becomes a Know-Nothing, SPC 176, CFA 100, CS 118,
123;
wishes Republicans to welcome Douglas in 1858, AL i. 116;

174 INDEX OF NAMES
member of Senate, AL i. 296, WHS 177, CS 124, 148, 166,
205, 264, 295, 305, 316;
leads anti-slavery Republicans, AL ii. 11, 17, 121, 287;
his attitude in Sumner-Grant quarrel, CS 386, 395;
nominated for vice-president, CFA 392.
WILSON, JAMES,
visits Washington, GW i. 115;
conservative member of continental Congress, SA 308, PH
172, 174, JMad 36;
in Congress of Confederation, AH 35;
member of Federal convention, JMad 96;
judge of Supreme Court, GW ii. 72.
WINCHESTER, GENERAL JAMES,
defeated in War of 1812, HC i. 98, LC 85.
WINTHROP, ROBERT C,
votes for Mexican War, CFA 63, CS 43, 46;
denounced by "conscience" Whigs, CFA 71, 78, CS 46,
48;
elected speaker of House, AL i. 74, CFA 86, CS 55;
bitterly attacked by " conscience " Whigs in Massachusetts,
CFA 79, 81, 83, 84-88, CS 52, 54;
defeated for speaker by Free-Soilers, TS 69-71 ;
in Senate, CS 73;
defeated for Senate and for Governor by Free-Soil and
Democratic coalition, CS 74, 85;
refuses to join Republicans, CS 128, 129;
in 1861, favors compromise, CFA 141.
WIRT, "WILLIAM,
see index to Henry;
his legal career, JMar 170, 189-192;
counsel for Jefferson in Burr case, JMar 209;
in Dartmouth College case, JMar 189, 190, DW 81, 82, 89,
93, 94;
attorney-general, JMon 129, JQA 177, AJ 169;
his relations with Monroe, JMon 213, 214, 226;
nominated for President by Anti-Masons, AJ 294, 295, 321,
MVB 167, 245, 248, HC i. 344,345, 382, WHS 13, TJ 30;
estimates of, JMon 134, 135, SPC 7, 11.

INDEX OF NAMES 175
WISE, HENRY A.,
opponent of Adams in House, JQA 258, 263, 283-285, 294,
297, 300;
describes Weed's management of Whig convention of 1839,
HC ii. 178, 181, 182, 187, 200;
confidential adviser of Tyler, HC ii. 200-202, 210, 215, 218,
JCC 226;
urges annexation of Texas, JCC 226;
secures appointment of Calhoun as secretary of state, JCC
226;
as Governor of Virginia threatens to pursue Brown raiders
into Ohio, SPC 175;
secessionist in 1861, CFA 125.
WITHERSPOON, DR. JOHN,
President of Princeton College, at continental Congress, SA
280, PH 106, 190.
WOLCOTT, OLIVER,
member of continental Congress, SA 309;
secretary of treasury, GW ii. 195, 246, JA 270, AG 97, 125,
126, 154, 176, 178, 190, 191;
opposes Adams's foreign policy and follows Hamilton, J A
271, 273, 279, 286, 306, 310, 314, AH 207.
WOOD, FERNANDO,
proposes secession of New York City, AL i. 187, CFA 150.
WOODBURY, LEVI,
member of Senate, A J 146, 274, MVB 131;
opponent of Bank, A J 271-273, 346, HC i. 355;
secretary of navy, A J 212, MVB 199, HC i. 348, LC 137;
secretary of treasury, AG 270, 271, AJ 358, 374, 391,
MVB 283, HC ii. 44, CFA 26;
foresees panic of 1837, AG 272;
begins Sub-Treasury system, AG 273;
aids resumption of specie payments, AG 275.
WOODFORD, GENERAL WILLIAM,
commands Virginia militia, PH 179-185, JMar 4, 15-17.
WRIGHT, SILAS,
member of Albany Regency, MVB 111, THB 73;

176 INDEX OF NAMES
member of Senate, AJ 243, MVB 2.77, 361, HC ii. 69, 86,
THB 96, 151;
leads Jacksonian Senators, MVB 341, HC ii. 43, 192;
announces "pet bank " policy, AJ 357;
declines nomination for vice-president, MVB 411, HC ii.
252;
accepts nomination for Governor of New York, MVB 412,
413, HC ii. 259, LC 241, 244;
opposes Texas treaty, MVB 413;
leads Barnburners, MVB 415, 417;
declines Treasury Department, MVB 416.
WYTHE, GEORGE,
his career at bar in Virginia, PH 23, 93, JMar 23, TJ 67,
JMon 13-15, HC i. 6-8;
leader of conservative Whigs, PH 66, 67, 71, 89, 95, 190,
TJ37;
favors ratification of Constitution, PH 320, JMon 28;
condemns Jay treaty, JMar 97;
his anti-slavery views, TJ 44, HC i. 30.
YANCEY, B. C,
quoted, CFA 160, 262, 299, 302.
YANCEY, WILLIAM L.,
accuses Webster of being in pay of manufacturers, DW
348;
offers resolution on slavery in Territories at Democratic
convention of 1848, HC ii. 305,. LC 244, WHS 189;
his career as Confederate envoy in England, CFA 159-170,
198, 199;
tells Russell the tariff is real cause of war, WHS 284.
YATES, ROBERT,
member of New York Revolutionary convention, J J 58;
delegate to Federal convention, AH 56;
opposes ratification of Constitution, AH 70;
candidate for Governor of New York, JJ 244.
YRUJO, MARQUIS OP CASA,
Spanish minister, JR 114, 116.

TOPICAL INDEX

ABOLITIONISTS,
their origin, AJ 410, HC i. 306, ii. 71-73, JCC 121, 122,
WHS 57, 58, SPC 36, CFA 29, 30, CS 37;
their growth in numbers, HC ii. 153, JCC 166, CFA 34, CS
37,38;
send anti-slavery documents South, AJ 411, MVB 275-277,
HC ii. 82, 83, THB 145, 146, CFA 38, CS 38;
petition Congress against slavery, JQA 243, 248, MVB 211,
273-275, HC ii. 79-81, 153, DW 273, THB 145, CS 40;
persecuted in the North, HC ii. 75, 76, JCC 121, THB 147,
148, LC 178, SPC 38, CS 39, TS 48-51;
denounce Whigs more than Democrats, HC ii. 164, SPC 94;
denounced by legislatures and party conventions, JCC 191-
193, MVB 379, 382, LC 222, AL i. 55;
divide into factions, HC ii. 254, LC 178, SPC 36, 37, 56,
57;
lose influence after 1840, HC ii. 153, SPC 103, CFA 57-59,
75;
advocate disunion, GM 312, HC ii. 333, 380, THB 142, 259,
AL i. 231, SPC 85, 199, CFA 57, 75;
their radicalism, JQA 254, MVB 269, 270, HC ii. 73, 152,
THB 142, 143, 259-261, LC 178, AL ii. 119, 120, SPC 85,
CS 91, 92, TS 133;
oppose gradual or compensated emancipation, HC ii. 318,
AL i. 80;
their effect on the South, HC ii. 73-75, 83, 84, THB 146;
their results in the North, MVB 403, 437, HC ii. 75, 78,
79, LC 198, 199, AL i. 115, TS 133, 134;

178 TOPICAL INDEX
ABOLITIONISTS (continued),
part played by, JQA 244, 245, MVB 270, HC ii. 78, THB
142, 259-262, 292, SPC 103, CFA 55-57, TS 133;
favorable views of, MVB 438, HC ii. 76-78, DW 307;
unfavorable view of, GM 312, THB 140-143, 259-262;
their aetion during Civil War, AL i. 98, 99, 102, 119-121;
opinions of contemporaries upon, JMar 251, MVB 382, 403,
HC ii. 84, 87, 161, 165-170, 232, 380, 381, 387, DW 318,
JCC 122, 128-131, 143, 165-168, 219, 297, THB 142, AL
ii. 53, 137, 138, 255-257, SPC 54, 55.
AIX-LA-CHAPELLE, for congress of, see Slave Trade.
ALABAMA,
opposes congressional nominating caucus, AJ 109;
resents expulsion of intruders from Cherokee lands, AJ
228;
denounces tariff, A J 256, 257, 335;
opposed to nullification, A J 335;
nominates White in 1836, A J 444;
demands annexation of Texas, JCC 237;
removal of Cherokees from, THB 152, 153;
not ready to secede in 1860, AL i. 182, 183, CS 180;
proposes a Southern convention, AL i. 183;
secedes in 1861, AL i. 186;
after war, passes contract labor laws against negroes, TS
252;
under carpet-bag government, TS 301.
"ALABAMA,"
her career as Confederate privateer, AL ii. 172, 301, WTHS
347, 348, CFA 317;
see Diplomatic History.
ALAMO,
see Texas.
ALASKA, purchase of, WHS 393, CS 338-340.
ALBANY CONGRESS,
see index to Franklin.

TOPICAL INDEX 179
ALBANY REGENCY,
develops spoils system in New York, THB 73;
membership and character of, AJ 111, MVB 111, 112, WHS
16;
its struggles for control of New York, AJ 111, WHS 8.
ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS,
discussed, JA 283, AH 219, 220, TJ 172, 202, JMad 231,
232, JR 27, A J 32;
approved by Federalist leaders, GW ii. 296, 297, JA 283;
agitation against, GM 280, JMar 146, JMad 240, AG 152-
157, HC i. 31-33.
AMERICAN CHARACTER,
general views concerning, GW i. 193, 234, 250-252, GM
116, 117, 298, AJ 10, 19, 20, 177, 178, 428^31.
AMERICAN PARTY,
see Know-Nothing Party.
AMERICAN SYSTEM,
see Tariff.
AMISTAD CASE,
see index to J. Q. Adams.
AMNESTY PROCLAMATIONS,
see Reconstruction.
ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION,
events leading to, AH 53, JMad 52-59;
its proceedings, AH 54, JMad 59-61, JMon 22, 23.
ANTIETAM, see Military History.
ANTI-MASONS, their origin, AJ 289-293, MVB 167, HC i. 341, 342, WHS
115, TS 29;
help Jackson against Adams, JQA 208, 209, HC i. 342;
their career in various States, JQA 226, 301, CS 4, 7, MVB
166, 245, HC i. 343, TS 29-34, 46;
their organization and spread, AJ 292, 293, HC i. 343, 344,
WHS 12, 13;
in campaign of 1832, AJ 294, 295, MVB 245, 246, HC i.
343, 344, DW 202, THB 89, WHS 13;
coalesce with Whigs, AJ 443, 444, MVB 245, WHS 14,15.

180 TOPICAL INDEX
ANTI-SLAVERY,
see Abolitionists, and Slavery.
ARBITRATION,
see Diplomatic History.
ARKANSAS, settlement of, THB 13;
admitted to Union, A J 446-447, THB 152;
refuses to furnish troops in 1861, AL i. 255;
secession of, AL i. 269;
campaign of Curtis in, AL i. 351 ;
reconstructed by Lincoln, AL ii. 295, CS 269;
its electoral vote rejected in 1864, AL ii. 295, CS 269;
later reconstruction of, by Congress, WHS 367, 368, 370.
ARMY,
see Congress, and Military History.
ASHBURTON TREATY,
see Diplomatic History.
AUSTRIA, its attitude on the slave trade, JQA 130, LC 179;
controversy with, over Hiilsemann and Kossuth, DW 324-
326;
signs treaty of Paris, CFA 201.
BANK OP NORTH AMERICA,
its origin and history, GM 89, 90, AG 172, 248-250.
BANK OF UNITED STATES,
The First Bank, 1791-1811,
suggested by Hamilton, AH 28, 29, 98-102, AG 175, 250,
251;
its political influence, AH 102, 103;
controversy over its constitutionality, AH 103, 129, TJ 107-
109, JMad 162, 163, AG 251;
attacked by Jefferson and Madison, TJ 107-109, JMad 163,
177, 178, AG 251, 296;
defended by Hamilton, AH 103, JMad 163;
its operations, AG 251-255, 259, HC i. 63;
favored by Gallatin, AG 252-255, HC i. 63;

TOPICAL INDEX 181
opposed by Clay, HC i. 64-66;
fails to get a reoharter, AG 231, 254, 259-263, 296, AJ
265, HC i. 63-66.
The Second Bank, 1816-1836,
failure of first attempt to charter, AG 265, AJ 265;
on a second attempt secures charter, JMad 319, AJ 265-
267, HC i. 132-136, JCC 30-32, DW 63, 64, THB 103;
aids in resumption of specie payments, AG 266, 267, AJ
268;
causes crisis of 1819, A J 268;
its action toward state banks makes people regard it with
fear and dislike, A J 155-170, 264, 265, 269;
its career under Cheves and Biddle, AJ 269-271, HC i.
352, DW 203, THB 104, 109, 110;
disliked by Jackson's Kitchen Cabinet, AJ 271-278, MVB
145, HC i. 354;
attacked in 1829 and later by Jackson, AJ 280, 281, 285,
288, MVB 203, HC i. 347, 353, 354, DW 220, THB 104,
105, LC 153;
defended in Congress and Cabinet, AJ 284-288, HC i. 355,
356;
dragged into politics by Clay, AJ 297, 298, HC i. 356-358,
THB 111;
petitions for a reoharter, AJ 300, HC i. 358, DW 203;
controversy over, in Congress, AJ 301-311, HC i. 373, 374,
DW 221-224, THB 112, 113;
its soundness discussed, A J 312-315, HC ii. 49-52;
bill for a reoharter vetoed by Jackson, AJ 319, 320, HC i.
375, 376, DW 204, THB 113;
its situation during and after election of 1832, AJ 320, 339-
343, HC i. 379-384;
declared safe by the House, AJ 341, 343, HC ii. 26, THB
116;
enters controversy with Treasury, AJ 344, 345, THB 117;
deposits removed from it, AG 269, AJ 345-359, MVB 249-
251, HC ii. 26-29, JCC 109, 110, DW 220, THB 116, LC
153, 154;

182 TOPICAL INDEX
BANK OF UNITED STATES (continued),
further accusations of Jackson against, AJ 360, 371-375,
HC i. 375, 376, ii. 30, 31, 40, THB 119;
again investigated by Congress, AJ 368, 369, 376, HC ii.
32, 48, THB 117-122;
final dealings with Treasury, A J 375;
accepts a charter from Pennsylvania, AG 271, AJ 395, 396,
MVB 370, HC ii. 143, TS 47;
effects of its defeat, MVB 296, 297, HC ii. 116, 117;
begins to speculate, AG 271, AJ 397-400, MVB 348, 349;
fails in 1839 and 1841, AG 276, AJ 400, MVB 371, 393,
HC ii. 143, 144, THB 123, 179, 184.
Later attempts to revive,
reoharter recommended by Ewing, HC ii. 203-206;
Tyler's opinions on, HC ii. 202, THB 225;
bill to reoharter vetoed by Tyler, MVB 402, HC ii. 205,
206, DW 244, THB 226;
second bill to reoharter vetoed by Tyler, HC ii. 209-211,
THB 227;
abandoned by Whigs as a political issue, A J 401, HC ii.
256, 300.
BANKS, STATE,
see Financial History.
BANKRUPTCY LAW,
its passage and repeal, HC ii. 134, 222, THB 218, 219, 221.
BARBARY STATES,
dealings with, JMad 252, JR 117.
BARNBURNERS,
their origin and leaders, MVB 415, HC ii. 304, LC 240, 241 ;
control New York Democratic party, MVB, 416;
at first friendly, later hostile to Polk, MVB, 415-417;
support Wilmot Proviso, MVB 417, 419, HC ii. 305, LC
242, 243;
cause a division in Democratic party, MVB 418, 419, 422-
424, LC 242;
secede from Democratic convention, MVB 424, HC ii. 311,
LC243, SPC 96, CFA 91;

TOPICAL INDEX 183
nominate Van Buren for President, MVB 425, 427, HC ii.
311, LC 251;
join Free-Soil party at Buffalo Convention, MVB 427, HC ii.
312, LC 252, SPC 100, CFA 91;
in state campaign, MVB 429, LC 261;
rejoin Democratic party, MVB 435, HC ii. 315, 342, LC
291, CFA 98.
BAYONNE DECREE,
see Diplomatic History.
BERLIN DECREE,
see Diplomatic History.
BLACK HAWK WAR,
see Indians, and Military History.
BLACK LAWS,
repealed in Northern States, HC ii. 154, SPC 30, 31, 107.
BLOCKADE, Cass's doctrine of, LC 337;
its employment in War of 1861, WHS 268-270.
BORDER STATES,
favor emancipation in 1850, CS 68;
policy of Adams toward, in 1861, CFA 131, 134, 139, 142;
policy of Lincoln to retain if possible, AL i. 255, 265-268,
292, CFA 120, 121, CS 185, 197;
their hesitating attitude, AL ii. 3, CFA 120, CS 202;
refuse to adopt Lincoln's plan of gradual emancipation, AL
ii. 3, 5, 11-15, 21, 22, 24-27;
carried by Unionists in 1862, AL ii. 125, SPC 270, CS 235,
TS 221.
BOSTON, typical New England town, SA 3-11;
its course of opposition to British measures, SA 32-294;
protests against presence of troops, SA 109, 152, 153, GW
i. 120;
appeals to colonies against British measures, SA 273, GW
i. 124, JJ 37;
siege of, GW i. 139-154;

184 TOPICAL INDEX
Tories sent to, during war, JJ 61 ;
prejudice in, against French, SA 342, 348, AG 13;
protests against Jay treaty, GW ii. 186, AG 103;
Federalist and Whig society in, DW 28, 29, WHS 135, CS
14-16, 18.
BOSTON MASSACRE,
arrival of troops, SA 111-114, JA 33;
difficulties between troops and citizens, SA 114, 115, 144,
145;
the " Massacre " in King Street, SA 146-148, JA 34, 35;
arrest and trial of soldiers, SA 149, 165, 166, JA 36-38;
departure of troops forced by action of town, SA 150-162;
anniversary celebrations, SA 194, 237, 291-296, 347.
BOUNDARIES, see Diplomatic History.
BRANDYWINE,
see Military History.
BRISCOE VS. BANK OF COMMONWEALTH,
see index to Jackson.
BUCKTAILS, see Republican Party.
BULL RUN,
see Military History.
BUNKER HILL,
see Military History.
CABINET, its relation to President, AG 283, 284, JQA 204, 205, AJ
181, 353, 354, 362, 363.
CALIFORNIA, its capture the real object of Mexican War, AJ 413, 420,
HC ii. 276-278, JCC 277, THB 154;
its conquest, HC ii. 285, JCC 277, AL i. 86;
gold fever in, and settlement of, AG 353, 354, HC ii. 320,
LC 262, 263, AL i. 87, WHS 62, CS 65, 69, TS 72, 73;
proposals in Congress to organize, HC ii. 320, JCC 312, LC
265, 267;

TOPICAL INDEX 185
protests against introduction of slavery, HC ii. 320, 321,
JCC 315;
forms a state constitution, HC ii. 321, 322, DW 290, JCC
334, LC 268, ALi. 87, WHS 63, 67, SPC 120, TS 73;
controversy over its admission, HC ii. 326, 327, 331, 332,
347, 348, DW 291, JCC 335, THB 293, LC 272, AL i.
88, WHS 68, 77, 83, 84, 92, SPC 126;
admitted by compromise of 1850, HC ii. 362, 363, THB 294,
300, LC 283, AL i. 91, WHS 97, CS 70, 71;
carried by Democrats in 1856, LC 323.
CANADA, conquered by English in Seven Years' War, BF 78, GW
i. 94;
question of its retention, BF 79-82;
efforts to induce it to enter Union in 1776, BF 208, 210, 211,
JJ 36, 40;
invaded in Revolutionary War, GW i. 143, 144, 222, 253,
254, JJ 88, 151, GM 39;
its conquest opposed by French, GW i. 256, GM 77, 78;
referred to in peace negotiations, JJ 133, 151 ;
its conquest attempted in War of 1812, GM 305, TJ 287,
289, JMad 293, 294, 310, JR 224, HC i. 79, 86, 89, 97,
DW 45, 51, JCC 25, LC 59-84;
proposal of Adams to suggest its cession in 1814, JQA 85,
130;
its government by England, MVB 350-352;
insurrection in, MVB 352-354, HC ii. 151, DW 241, THB
234, LC 175, WHS 26, 27;
cautious attitude of Vau Buren's administration toward,
MVB 355;
later government of, MVB 355, 356;
the refuge of fugitive slaves, HC i. 300, SPC 31;
boundary troubles with, THB 230, LC 175; see also Diplo
matic History; [CS 279;
Confederate raids from, during Civil War, WHS 354, 355,
its cession suggested as indemnity for Alabama claims, CS
370, 372.

186 TOPICAL INDEX
" CAROLINE " AFFAIR,
see Diplomatic History.
CARPET-BAG GOVERNMENTS,
see South.
CAUCUS, see Party Organization.
CHANCELLORSVILLE, see Military History.
CHATTANOOGA, see Military History.
CHEROKEESj see Georgia, and Indians.
"CHESAPEAKE," attacked by H. M. S. Leopard, TJ 264-267, JMad 264,
266, 274, AG 224, JQA 45, 50, 51, JR 220, HC i. 71.
CHINA, honors Washington, GW i. 6 ;
mission to, established by Webster, DW 254;
prospects of trade with, dwelt upon by Benton, THB 47,
48;
CHISHOLM vs GEORGIA,
see Constitution.
CHOCTAWS, see Indians.
CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS,
see Congress, and Reconstruction,
CIVIL SERVICE,
Under Federalists, 1789-1801,
Washington's opinion as to appointments to office, GW ii.
247;
power of removal debated in Congress, JMad 137, 138;
refusal of Washington to appoint Republicans, GW ii. 260,
MVB 46;
the judiciary filled with Federalists by Adams, JA 317,
GM 289, JMar 154-158, TJ 194, JR 61, 62.
Under Republicans, 1801-1824.
non-partisanship proposed vainly by Gallatin, AG 281 ;

TOPICAL INDEX 187
Jefferson's plan to share offices equally, TJ 183, 194, 195,
AG 282, HC i. 334;
removal of all Federalists appointed since the election of
1800, TJ 195, 196, JMar 180;
Jefferson's practice as to removals and appointments dis
cussed, TJ 198, 199, AG 282, HC i. 334;
quarrels over appointments begin, TJ 202, AG 282;
four years' term introduced by Crawford, AJ 107, MVB
139, THB 72, 73;
misuse of treasury offices by Crawford, JQA 180;
Monroe urged by Jackson and others not to proscribe Fed
eralists, JMon 137, AJ 63.
Development of Spoils System in New York,
1789-1824,
general view, MVB 46-58, THB 73;
Federalist offices used against Clinton by Hamilton, MVB
46;
removals under Jay, JJ 287, 299, 300, MVB 47;
struggle of Jay with council of appointment, JJ 291, 297-
299, MVB 49;
beginning of ring management by council of appointment,
JJ 299, AJ 131, 132, MVB 47-51;
proscription employed by different Republican factions, AJ
131, MVB 51, 52, 63, 65, 67;
becomes part of unwritten law, MVB 52, WHS 24, 25;
does not damage public service at this time, MVB 54, 57;
defended as part of democratic movement, MVB 55-57,
67, 68, LC 140;
offices made elective by Constitution of 1821, MVB 81, 82.
Under John Quincy Adams, 1825-1829,
absence of office seeking, JQA 178, 179;
refusal of Adams to remove for political reasons, JQA
179, 180, 205, 206, AJ 141-143, HC i. 259-261, 281, 282;
refusal of Adams to appoint supporters only, JQA 197-199,
AJ142, HCi. 261;
Adams's administration accused of corruption, JQA 209,
A J 146, MVB 209, HC i. 281;

188 TOPICAL INDEX
CIVIL SERVICE (continued),
proposition to hmit executive control over offices, MVB
137-140. Introduction of Spoils System in Federal Politics,
by Jackson, 1829-1837,
general view, HC i. 289, 290, THB 74;
the question of responsibility, AJ 189, MVB 207, 214, 215,
THB 72, LC 139;
the rush for office, AJ 187, MVB 208, 210, HC i. 335, 336,
LC 139, SPC 9;
proscription under Jackson, AJ 188-192, MVB 207-211,
HC i. 335, THB 74, 75;
introduction of New York methods, AJ 189, 190, 193,
MVB 213, HC i. 333, THB 72, 164;
character of Jackson's appointees, AJ 191, HC i. 338;
reluctance of Senate to confirm Jackson's nominations, AJ
191, 192;
the removals defended, MVB 211-213, 232, 261, 262, HC
i. 368;
the decay of the post office under the spoils system, AJ
409, HC i. 338, ii. 184, 185, THB 204, 205;
the Swartwout case, AJ 453, 454, MVB 208;
Van Buren and the spoils system attacked in Congress,
MVB 232, HC i. 368, JCC 113-116;
proposal of Clay and Calhoun to limit power of removal
by the President, HC ii. 61-63, JCC 201, CFA 23;
debate on the power of removal, HC ii. 62-65, DW 167,
CFA 24-28;
proposal to repeal four years' term, HC ii. 62, 68, THB 76;
proposal to require reasons for dismissal, HC ii. 68, THB 76;
discussion of remedies, HC ii. 67, JCC 201 ;
use of " spoils " by Whigs as a campaign cry, MVB 246,
261, 387.
During Whig and Democratic Rivalry, 1837-1861,
participation of Congress in appointments, HC ii. 65, 66;
proposal to prevent participation of office holders in poli
tics, JCC 199, 200;

TOPICAL INDEX 189
popular indifference to evils of spoils, MVB 387, HC i.
337;
office-seeking under Harrison, HC ii. 193-195, 198, DW
237;
Whig quarrels over offices, HC ii. 193, 194, 197;
Webster's circular against electioneering by officials, HC
ii. 197, 198;
use of patronage by Polk against Barnburners, MVB 420;
rivalry of Fillmore and Seward for New York patronage
under Taylor, WHS 96, 97.
Under Republicans, 1861-1873,
the clean sweep under Lincoln, MVB 215, SPC 216-219,
304-306, 315, 316, CFA 120, 146, 182;
attempt of Sumner to introduce merit system, CS 55, 237,
267;
regulation of higher offices by Tenure-of-Office Act, CS
329, 330;
use of spoils under Johnson, CS 329;
degradation of civil service under Grant, CS 386, 410.
CLINTONIANS, see New York, and Republican Party.
COHENS vs VIRGINIA,
see Constitution.
COINAGE, history of, A J 389-392;
Morris's report on, GM 91-34, AG 172;
Jefferson's suggestions concerning, GM 93, TJ 68, AG
172;
Hamilton's report on, AH 105;
debate over device on, AH 127;
in relation to foreign coins, AG 140.
COLONIZATION, proposed for free negroes, its purpose, HC i. 303;
favored by various statesmen, JMar 252, 257, 264, HC i.
303, 304;
urged by Lincoln in connection with emancipation, AL i.
139, ii. 11, 126, SPC 261.

190 TOPICAL INDEX
"COMET" CASE,
see Diplomatic History, and Slavery.
COMMITTEES OF CORRESPONDENCE,
their origin in different colonies, SA 176-181, 195, 197,
198, PH 96, J J 23, TJ 17;
their action in Massachusetts, SA 215, 221, 227, 230, 232,
233, 241, 243, 244, 269, 272.
COMPROMISE OF 1850,
planned by Clay, HC ii. 329-331, DW 291, LC 276, WHS
76-78;
introduced, HC ii. 332-334, DW 292, THB 294, AL i. 89,
TS 74, 75;
debated, HC ii. 334-348, 353, 357-359, DW 292, LC 276-
283, AL i. 89, 90, WHS 79-92, SPC 121-129;
opposition to, HC ii. 350-352, THB 294-298, CFA 102;
defeated in form of omnibus bill, HC ii. 359, 360, AL i.
90, WHS 93, TS 85;
carried in separate bills, HC ii. 362-365, LC 283, AL i. 91,
WHS 93, 94, SPC 129, TS 85, 86;
its effect on North, MVB 435, 439, 440, HC ii. 373-376,
DW 301, 302, 315, WHS 98, 99, TS 86;
upheld by both parties, HC ii. 402, 403, LC 289, 290, WHS
112, CS 87;
agitation in favor of its finality, HC ii. 377-387, 398, DW
318, WHS 102, 105;
collapses, HC ii. 404, DW 315, 316, WHS 125;
discussion of its statesmanship, MVB 435, HC ii. 367-373,
DW 302-306, JCC 342, LC 281, 284, AL i. 92, WHS 94.
CONFEDERATION, ARTICLES OF,
origin and ratification, SA 313, 344-346;
government under them, GW i. 297, 298, AH 28, JMar 56-
58, JMad 37, 38, 51, 52, 73, AG 33, 34, JMon 22, 23;
attempt to aid by impost scheme, JMon 20, 21 ;
proposals to revise, GW ii. 17, SA 352, PH 305, 306, AH
28, 44, JJ 219-222, JMar 49, 54, JMad 36, 38, 79, 80,
JMon 20;
break-down in 1787 AH 49-52, JJ 219, GM 109.

TOPICAL INDEX 191
CONGRESS, Stamp Act Congress, 1765,
convened at suggestion of Massachusetts, SA 56, 212, PH
80,81;
debates resistance to Stamp Act, SA 65;
petitions the king, SA 65;
First Continental Congress, 1774,
suggested by various leaders, SA 213, 214, 245, J J 26, 27;
called by Virginia, PH 98, GW i. 123, TJ 18;
election of delegates, SA 264-267, PH 99, JA 51, AH 79,
J J 29, 30;
its membership and social character, SA 282, PH 101-107,
JA 68, 77, J J 32;
organizes, and decides to vote by colonies, PH 107-113,
119-122, JJ 34;
its conservative sentiment, SA 282, 283, PH 124, J J 33;
opening debate, SA 283, PH 100-113;
appoints committees, SA 285, PH 113, 114, 117, 118;
adopts an address to the king, PH 117, 118, GW i. 129;
debates and rejects Galloway's plan of union, SA 287, PH
115, 116, JJ 35; [JJ 33;
adopts a Declaration of Rights, SA 287, GW i. 129, JA 70,
adopts a non-consumption agreement, SA 287, PH 117, JA
69, J J 34;
other documents adopted, SA 288, JJ 36 ;
Second Continental Congress, 1775-1781,
assembles in Philadelphia, SA 300, PH 168, GM 40;
does not desire independence, SA 300, GW i. 133, JA 85;
meagreness of its reports, PH 168, 171, 172, JA 73;
sends Dickinson's petition to the king, BF 206, GW i. 133,
JA 87, JJ 41;
appoints Washington commander-in-chief, SA 302, 303, PH
153, 154, GW i. 134-136, JA 92-98;
discards Franklin's plan for a confederation, BF 208;
issues manifesto after Bunker Hill, TJ 24, 25;
repudiates independence, BF 211, SA 307, 308, JA 103, JJ
42, 43;

192 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
organizes departments of government, BF 208, 209, PH
170, JA 108, 143;
appoints committees to deal with Indians, PH 172-174,
GW ii. 88;
movement in, for foreign alliances, JA 110, 111, GM 82, 83;
appoints committee to correspond with friends abroad, JA
111, JJ 44;
issues paper money, BF 305, 306, 350, GM 32, 33, 87, JJ
100, 101, JMar 57, JMad 21, 22;
abolishes custom-houses, SA 311;
feels increasing sentiment of independence, SA 309, GW i.
160, JA 115, TJ 28;
urged by Virginia to declare independence, PH 197, TJ 28;
recommends that colonies form governments, SA 312, JA
91, 109, 119-122, J J 43, 48;
appoints foreign ministers, BF 219, 221, 232, JJ 113;
debates Lee's resolution of independence, SA 312, JA 122,
123, T J 31;
appoints committee to draft a declaration of independence,
BF 212, SA 313, JA 123-125, TJ 29;
debates form of declaration, SA 314, JA 126, GM 50, TJ
32-34; [GW i. 167;
appoints commissioners to treat with Howe, BF 214-216,
discusses government of confederation, BF 212, 213, SA
313, 344, JA 141;
unable to settle Vermont question, GM 83, 84, J J 95, 103;
its incompetence in diplomacy, BF 295, 343;
drafts instructions for foreign ministers, BF 224, 283, GM
77, JJ 97;
sends back adventurers sent by Deane, BF 243, SA 146;
decay in its character after 1776, SA 338, 345, GW i. 257,
259, 266, GM 86;
its management of military affairs discussed, PH 181, 260-
266, GW i. 149, 167, 171, 172, 174, 189-192, 200, 208, 210,
231, 244, 268, 278, 295, 313, 323, JA 90, 108, 142, 143, AH
28, GM 51, 62, 63, 66, 69, 70;

TOPICAL INDEX 193
driven from Philadelphia, PH 230;
appoints foreigners to command, GW i. 190-192, 248, 249;
opposition in, to Washington, SA 339, GW i. 187, 189,
212-215, JA 134;
controlled by Conway cabal, PH 242-250, GW i. 221, 223,
JA 134;
treats Deane unjustly, BF 239, GM 81, JJ 99;
corruption among its members, JJ 139-145;
sends news of Burgoyne's defeat, BF 270;
ratifies French alliance, GW i. 241, GM 76;
rejects Lord North's conciliatory bills, BF 282, GW i. 233,
GM 75, 76;
receives Gerard, SA 341, GM 77;
breaks up French mission, BF 298, JA 150;
appoints Adams peace commissioner, BF 362, JA 158, TJ
144;
unable to raise money, BF 305, JMar 53, JMad 20;
draws bills on foreign ministers, BF 306-336, JJ 118, 119,
JMad 28;
treats Franklin unjustly, BF 349, 397, 417, 418.
Congress of Confederation, 1781-1789,
its powers, SA 345, 346, GW ii. 8, JMad 29, JMon 19;
organizes departments, SA 343, GM 89, JJ 205, 207;
investigates finances, AG 171, 173;
calls for report on coinage, GM 89, 90;
incorporates Bank of North America, GM 89, AG 248,
249;
at French instigation appoints peace commissioners, BF
349, 363, J A 205, J J 147, TJ 66;
reduces terms of ultimatum in instructions, and directs reli
ance on France, BF 378, JA 160, 161, 170, 204-207, AH
37, GM 82, 104, J J 141-145;
condemns separate action of peace commissioners, BF 388,
JA 221, 222, AH 36;
neglects the army, GW i. 333, 335, 336, 342, ii. 6, AH 35,
40,41;
receives Washington's commission, GW i. 347-349, TJ 67;

194 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS '(continued),
urges impost scheme, GW ii. 22, AH 38, JMad 33, JMon
20, 22;
appoints foreign ministers, J A 227, TJ 70;
arbitrates boundary dispute, JMon 27;
asks for grants from States, AH 39;
recommends a permanent revenue, AH 55, JMad 33-37;
suggests three-fifths ratio, JMad 37-41;
organizes Northwest Territory, JJ 217, TJ 68, 69, JMad
91, 92, JMon 23, 25;
authorizes Jay to surrender Mississippi navigation for a
term of years, PH 307, GW ii. 15, JJ 210, 211, 219, JMad
31-33, 78-80, JMon 26, 27;
alarmed by Shays's rebellion, JMad 73;
fixes date for operation of Constitution, AH 79, JMad 116,
122. First Congress of United States, 1789-1791,
slow to assemble, AH 81, JMad 122; [246;
opened by Washington and Adams, GW ii. 78, 79, JA 244-
first recommendations of Washington to, GW ii. 81-83;
establishes protective tariff, GW ii. 113, JMad 126-136;
debates proposal to tax importation of slaves, JMad 129-
133;
debates presidential titles, JA 249, JMad 123-126;
organizes executive departments, GW ii. 64, JMad 137,
AH 83;
debates power of removal from office, JMad 137, 138;
proposes amendments to Constitution, PH 334, 355, JMad
139, AG 40;
asks Hamilton to report financial schemes, GW ii. 107, AH
84, JMad 144, 180, 181;
debates anti-slavery petitions, JMad 153-161 ;
appoints commission to deal with Indians, GW ii. 90;
debates proposal to fund debt, GW ii. 107, 108, AH 115-
125, TJ 88-90, JMad 144-150, AG 174;
fixes place of federal capital and passes act to assume state
debt, GW ii. 108, AH 125, 127, JMad 139-142, 151, 152;

TOPICAL INDEX 195
increases army, GW ii. 94, 99;
charters National Bank, GW ii. 108, AH 129, JMad 161,
163, AG 175, 251;
debates device on coinage, AH 127, 128;
establishes excise tax, GW ii. 123, 124, AH 127, 179, AG
49, 52, 175.
Second Congress, 1791-1793,
arranges presidential succession, JMad 176, 177;
rejects Hamilton's request for more revenue, AH 146;
Republicans attack Hamilton's management of Treasury,
GW ii. 234, AH 147, JMad 189-193;
confirms Morris's nomination as minister to France, GM
219, JMon 34.
Third Congress, 1793-1795,
Senate declares Gallatin ineligible, AG 58-65;
investigates Hamilton's conduct of Treasury, AH 184;
prepares for retaliation on Great Britain, GW ii. 176, AH
173, 174, JJ 263-266, TJ 149, JMon 42-47;
Senate confirms Jay as minister to England, AH 176, JJ
266, JMon 34;
debates Jefferson's report on commerce, TJ 149;
debates Washington's attack on political societies, AH 183,
TJ 150.
Fourth Congress, 1795-1797,
party divisions in, AG 98;
Senate ratifies Jay treaty, GW ii. 184, AH 186, GM 284,
J J 282, TJ 152, JMad 216, AG 102;
House debates reply to President's message, AG 104-
106;
House demands papers of Jay treaty, GW ii. 207, TJ 152,
JMad 216, AG 109-114;
debates in House over appropriations to carry out Jay
treaty, GW ii. 210, AH 190, GM 284, JJ 282, TJ 152,
JMad 217, 222, AG 115-121;
Republican attacks on Treasury Department, AG 106-109,
125, 126;
passage of act to regulate sales of public lands, AG 238;

196 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
House refuses to adjourn on Washington's birthday, GW ii.
247, AG 126;
debate on President's message in 1796, AG 128, 129, AJ
14;
renewed attacks led by Gallatin on Treasury, AG 129, 130,
179;
receives a tricolor, AG 130, 132;
votes measures of defense, AG 130, AJ 14.
Fifth Congress, 1797-1799,
meets in extra session, JA 273, 275;
its membership, AG 132, 133;
debates Adams's message on relations with France, AG
134-137;
debates foreign relations, AG 133-136;
passes various acts for defense, AG 137;
impeaches Blount, AG 138, A J 13;
in November, 1797, debates relations with France, JA 280,
AG 148;
Lyon-Griswold affair, AG 141;
calls for X. Y. Z. correspondence, JA 280, AH 201, JMar
124, TJ 168, AG 148;
becomes Federalist in sentiment, AH 202, TJ 168;
suspends commercial intercourse with France, AG 151, 159,
160, 161;
passes Alien and Sedition acts, GW ii. 296, JA 283, AH
219, TJ 172, JMad 231, AG 152;
prepares for war with France, GW ii. 285, AH 202, 206,
JMar 103, TJ 160, 168, AG 137, 149, 153, 155, 156;
establishes Navy Department, AG 244;
abrogates treaty with France, AG 154;
reorganizes Treasury Department, AG 244;
Adams's message of 1798 to, AG 155;
passes bill to punish traitorous correspondence, AG 155,
156;
passes other bills for defense, AG 156, 157;
refuses to repeal Alien and Sedition acts, AG 157;

TOPICAL INDEX 197
Senate confirms Adams's peace commission, JA 298, AH
217. Sixth Congress, 1799-1801,
carried by Federalists in election, AH 221, AG 158, JR
40;
takes action on death of Washington, JMar 137-140, AG
158;
debates Adams's course in Nash case, JMar 140-146;
debates motion to reduce army, JR 40, 41 ;
censures Randolph, JR 43;
passes act requiring Treasury reports, AG 161 ;
Senate ratifies French treaty, AG 162;
refuses to amend Sedition Act, JMar 146, AG 159, 162;
investigates Treasury Department, AG 177;
passes judiciary act, GM 288, TJ 196;
struggle in House over election of Jefferson, AH 232, 233,
JMar 151, TJ 178-183, AG 164-167, JR 48-52.
Seventh Congress, 1801-1803,
controlled by Republicans, TJ 193, JR 54, 55;
how directed by Jefferson, TJ 235, 236, 274, JR 75;
repeals internal taxes, AG 221;
repeals Judiciary Act, GM 290, TJ 197, JR 64, 67-71;
debates apportionment of Representatives, JR 66;
summary of reforms made by, JR 73;
Randolph leads House to empower Jefferson to buy New
Orleans, TJ 214, GM 293, JMon 79, JR 75, 76;
rejects resolution to abolish Mint, JR 80;
passes act to regulate sale of public lands, AG 238, JR 80;
passes bill to prevent entrance of negroes from San Do
mingo, JR 79, 80;
impeaches Judge Pickering, JR 80.
Eighth Congress, 1803-1805,
Senate ratifies Louisiana treaty, TJ 222, JQA 35;
passes acts organizing Louisiana, TJ 222, JR 84, 92, 93;
prevents importation of slaves into Louisiana, JMad 250;
authorizes Jefferson to occupy West Florida, JR 86;
debates Yazoo grants, JR 105-109;

198 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
House presents articles of impeachment against Chase, TJ
233, JR 97-101;
again debates Yazoo compromises, JR 125-129;
Senate refuses to impeach Chase, TJ 234, JQA 36, JR
130-152. Ninth Congress, 1805-1807,
struggle in, over Jefferson's two-million bill to purchase
Florida, TJ 246, 247, JR 164-170, 181, 182;
restricts trade with San Domingo, JR 186-188;
fails to pass bill taxing imported slaves, JMad 133;
Senate passes resolution condemning British seizures of
vessels, JQA 38, 39;
House debates resolution to prohibit English imports, JR
172-178;
passage of non-importation act, TJ 257, JMad 260, JQA
40, HC i. 71;
bill for Yazoo compromise rejected, JR 184;
suspends non-importation act, TJ 262;
passes act prohibiting slave trade, JMad 133, 134, JR
209;
other minor legislative acts, HC i. 39, 40.
Tenth Congress, 1807-1809,
special session after Chesapeake affair, TJ 265, JMad 267,
JQA 52;
debates and passes embargo, TJ 268, JMad 268, AG 220,
225, JQA 52, 53, JR 224, HC i. 71;
passes act extending credit on revenue bonds, AG 226;
legislates concerning treason, TJ 254;
resolves in 1808 to continue embargo, TJ 278, JMad 270;
orders out naval force, AG 294;
passes act to enforce embargo, AG 293;
repeals embargo and substitutes non-intercourse, TJ 279,
280, JMad 271, AG 292, 294, HC i. 71.
Eleventh Congress, 1809-1811,
Senate first rejects, then confirms J. Q. Adams's nomination,
JQA 69, 70;

TOPICAL INDEX 199
discusses protection, HC i. 52, 53;
debates and passes Macon Bill No. 2, JMad 280, AG 230,
HC i. 74;
debates claim to West Florida, HC i. 59-62;
refuses to reoharter Bank, AG 231, 252-254, HC i. 64-66;
renews non-intercourse with England, JMad 288, HC i.
75. Twelfth Congress, 1811-1813,
controlled by War Republicans, JMad 292-294, JMon 106,
HC i. 78-82, JCC 13-15;
House elects Clay Speaker, HC i. 68;
adopts resolutions for resistance to England, JCC 15-19;
passes embargo, JMad 295, HC i. 82, JCC 20, 21;
declares war on England, JMad 295, 298, AG 234, JMon
108, HC i. 84, 85, JCC 21, 22;
continues non-importation, JCC 23;
authorizes war loan, AG 209, 212;
imposes war taxes, AG 234;
debates conduct of war, HC i. 89-98;
votes to increase army, HC i. 98.
Thirteenth Congress, 1813-1815,
membership of, DW 47, 48;
Senate refuses to ratify Gallatin's nomination as peace com
missioner, AG 310, JQA 75;
'debates resolutions on relations with France, DW 48, 49;
debates bill to encourage enlistments, DW 50;
repeals embargo, DW 52-54;
adopts Yazoo compromise, JR 252;
imposes war taxes, AG 235, 236, DW 57;
rejects conscription bill, DW 59, 60;
passes Bank bill, vetoed by Madison, AJ 265, DW 60-62.
Fourteenth Congress, 1815-1817,
membership, DW 62;
parties in it, HC i. 126;
votes to increase pay of members, HC i. 139, 140;
passes bill to charter Bank of United States, JMad 319,
AG 265, AJ 266, HC i. 133, DW 63, 64, JCC 30;

200 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
adopts a protective tariff, JMad 319, HC i. 131, JCC
33;
passes biU for internal improvements, vetoed by Madison,
HC i. 138, DW 66, JCC 35;
passes neutrality bill, HC i. 147.
Fifteenth Congress, 1817-1819,
House asks Calhoun to report on internal improvements,
JCC 38;
House passes resolutions asserting power of United States
over internal improvements, HC i. 145;
debates resolution to recognize South American republics,
HCi. 148-150;
House refuses to censure Jackson for Florida campaign,
JMon 144, A J 80-82, HC i. 153-159;
Senate committee censures Jackson, A J 84;
organizes Arkansas without excluding slavery, HC i. 177;
bill to admit Missouri fails, owing to disagreement between
houses, HC i. 172, 175-177.
Sixteenth Congress, 1819-1821,
fails to pass general tariff bill, HC i. 214;
rejects appropriation for ministers to South America, HC i.
167;
debates Florida treaty, HC i. 163-165;
passes four years' term act, A J 107;
struggle in, over Missouri compromise, JMon 147, HC i.
177-181;
House debates Oregon question, JQA 140;
Senate ratifies Spanish Florida treaty, JQA 124, HC i. 165,
THB 38;
struggle in, over Missouri constitution, HC i. 183-189,
191, 192;
has difficulty in counting Missouri's electoral vote, HC i.
189-191. Seventeenth Congress, 1821-1823,
membership of, MVB 94;
organizes Florida with prohibition of slave trade, MVB 93;

TOPICAL INDEX 201
passes Cumberland Road Bill, vetoed by Monroe, JMon 152,
MVB 95, HC i. 206.
Eighteenth Congress, 1823-1825,
debates recognition of Greece, HC i. 209-211, DW 128-
130;
Senate debates method of nominating President, MVB 105,
106;
House exonerates Crawford on charge of corruption, AJ
107, DW 132, 142, 143;
debates internal improvements, JR 272, HC i. 206-208;
debates and passes tariff of 1824, JR 277, AJ 236, MVB
99-103, HC i. 214-219, DW 131, JCC 65;
passes Crimes Act, DW 133;
debates bill to occupy Oregon, MVB 117, THB 47;
debates internal improvements, MVB 117, DW 132, 133;
House elects Adams President, JQA 169-174, JR 281, AJ
115-121, MVB 115, 116, HC i. 236-248, DW 132, 143,
144, JCC 61, THB 54;
House attempts to investigate bargain story, JQA 181, AJ
121, HC i. 244.
Nineteenth Congress, 1825-1827,
membership of, MVB 148-150, JQA 211;
Senate confirms Clay's nomination, JQA 188, AJ 122, 135,
MVB 123, HC i. 254, 255;
Senate rejects treaty with Colombia, AJ 135;
passes bill to organize judiciary, DW 134, 135;
debates Panama congress, JMon 176, JQA 190, JR 285-
287, AJ 137, MVB 126-131, HC i. 271-273, DW 136,
137;
debates Monroe doctrine, JMon 171, A J 137, DW 136;
debates internal improvements, MVB 132, 133;
debates Benton's bill on executive patronage, MVB 137-
140, HC i. 275;
defeats Mallary's woollens bill, A J 238, 239;
debates Indian question relating to Georgia, DW 137,
138;
fails to pass bankruptcy bill, MVB 141.

202 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued).
Twentieth Congress, 1827-1829,
both houses controlled by opposition, JQA 192, 193, AJ
143, HC i. 286;
Senate debates internal improvements, MVB 96-98, 172;
passes bill to relieve Revolutionary officers, DW 152;
passes bill to regulate procedure of courts, A J 218, DW 131 ;
debates retrenchment and reform, AJ 144;
rejects resolution to sell Bank stock held by United States,
AJ 271, HC i. 355;
abolishes imprisonment for debt, MVB 142;
House asks Clay to secure return of fugitive slaves from
Canada, HC i. 300;
debates and passes tariff of 1828, AJ 242-247, 250, 251,
MVB 142-144, HC i. 286, DW 152, 161-163;
postpones Adams's nominations, AJ 190.
Twenty-First Congress, 1829-1831,
Senate rejects some of Jackson's appointments, AJ 191,
192;
authorizes Jackson to repeal retaliatory laws against Eng
land, A J 215;
passes act to encourage removal of Indians, A J 225;
Webster's reply to Hayne, in debate upon public lands, AJ
233, 257, DW 168-177, THB 70, 71;
rejects bill to limit jurisdiction of Supreme Court, AJ 219 ;
reduces revenue duties in tariff, A J 258;
rejects resolutions against Bank, AJ 284-287, HC i. 355;
House impeaches Judge Peck, AJ 220;
passes Maysville Road Bill, vetoed by Jackson, AJ 234,
235, HC i. 347;
Senate fails to convict Judge Peck, AJ 220;
passes internal improvement bills, A J 235;
limits power of courts to punish for contempt, AJ 220.
Twenty-Second Congress, 1831-1833,
Senate rejects Van Buren's nomination, AJ 210, 316, MVB
230-234, HC i. 367-369, DW 205, THB 265;
presentation of abolitionist petitions in, JQA 243;

TOPICAL INDEX 203
Senate debates Clay's land bill, HC i. 369-373;
debates and passes tariff of 1832, AJ 262-264, HC i. 358-
366, DW 208;
receives petition of Bank for recharter, AJ 300, HC i.
373;
investigates Bank, AJ 301-302, HC i. 373, 374, THB 112;
recharters Bank, AJ 319, HC i. 375, DW 203, THB 112,
113;
fails to pass recharter bill over Jackson's veto, AJ 320,
HC i. 377-379, DW 204;
debates tariff bills in second session, AJ 332, HC ii. 8, 9,
19;
rejects bill to sell Bank stock, AJ 341, 343;
House votes deposits safe, HC ii. 26;
debates nullification, A J 332-334, THB 92;
debates and passes compromise tariff, JQA 235, AJ 335-
337, HC ii. 10-17, 19, 20, DW 208-213, JCC 104, 105;
debates and passes Force Bill, AJ 334, 336, 337, HC ii. 9,
17, 20, DW 209, 211, THB 94.
Twenty-Third Congress, 1833-1835,
receives and debates memorial of Bank against removal of
deposits, AJ 361, DW 221, 222, JCC 110, THB 116;
debates "distress" petitions, MVB 253, HC ii. 37, 38, CS
11, 12;
Senate refuses confirmation of government directors, AJ
361, 362, HC ii. 43, 44, THB 117;
Senate rejects Taney's nomination to Treasury Department,
AJ 362, HC ii. 44, THB 117;
House rejects bill to restore deposits, HC ii. 37, THB 117;
House condemns Bank, A J 368, HC ii. 48;
censure of Jackson and his protest, AJ 362-365, HC ii. 31-
43, DW 222-224, JCC 112-115, THB 117-119;
committees appointed to investigate Bank, AJ 368;
Senate rejects expunging resolution, AJ 366, DW 226,
THB 124, 125;
fails to act on Bank, A J 374, 375;
investigates Post-Office Department, A J 409;

204 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
Senate declines to support Jackson against France, AJ 405,
HC ii. 54-57, DW 229, THB 130, 131;
House resolves to insist on execution of French treaty, JQA
239, A J 405;
receives abolition petitions, JQA 248, HC ii. 82;
debates Calhoun's bill to restrain executive patronage, HC
ii. 62-68, DW 225, JCC 115, CFA 21-25.
Twenty-Fourth Congress, 1835-1837,
struggle in House over contested election, A J 445 ;
struggle in House over gag rule, JQA 248-250, CFA 30-
33, CS40;
debate in Senate on Calhoun's resolutions not to receive
anti-slavery petitions, HC ii. 80-82, DW 273, JCC 123-
127;
debate in, over bill to exclude anti-slavery matter from
mails, MVB 276-278, HC ii. 85, 86, DW 274, JCC 133-138,
THB 150, 151;
prohibits postmasters to interfere with mails, JCC 148;
defeats Clay's land bill, HC ii. 70, THB 134;
debates and passes bill to distribute surplus, AJ 381, MVB
300, HC ii. 70, 121, THB 135;
Senate debates and passes expunging resolutions, AJ 367,
HC ii. 101-106, DW 228, THB 125, 126;
admits Michigan, AJ 447, JCC 62, 156-160; [274;
abolition petitions presented in House, JQA 256, 257, MVB
House attempts to censure Adams for presenting a petition
from slaves, JQA 269-279, CFA 32;
Senate votes to recognize independence of Texas, AJ 419,
421, MVB 358, HC ii. 93, 95;
Senate elects Johnson vice-president, AJ 449;
passes bill to repeal specie circular, AJ 394, HC ii. 126,
DW 227.
Twenty-Fifth Congress, 1837-1839,
Van Buren calls extra session to deal with panic, MVB
326, HC ii. 131;
refusal of House to consider Texas question, JQA 266;

TOPICAL INDEX 205
denunciation of Van Buren's administration by Whigs,
MVB 336, 337;
rejects sub-treasury bill, MVB 337, 338, HC ii. 137, 138,
DW 230;
postpones fourth deposit of surplus, MVB 338, HC i. 136;
passes other financial acts, MVB 338, 339, 391, HC ii.
137;
rejects bill to revive Bank, MVB 340;
in regular session rejects sub-treasury bill, MVB 346, HC
ii. 138;
personal debate of Clay and Calhoun, MVB 346;
House adopts gag rule over Adams's protest, JQA 251, 252,
257;
passes preemption bill, MVB 357;
debate in Senate on right of petitions and on slavery, HC
ii. 154-163, DW 276, 277, JCC 189-193;
attempt of Adams to override gag rule in 1838, JQA
259;
authorizes Van Buren to use force to maintain northeast
boundary, MVB 367;
House investigates civil service, HC ii. 184.
Twenty-Sixth Congress, 1839-1841,
disputed organization of House, JQA 290-295, MVB 374-
377;
House makes gag rule more rigid, JQA 260;
Senate debates Calhoun's resolutions on Enterprise case,
HC ii. 170, JCC 203, 204, 208;
passes sub-treasury bill, MVB 347, 348, 377, HC ii. 183,
138, THB 178;
fails to repeal Sub-Treasury Act in 1840^1, HC ii. 192.
Twenty-Seventh Congress, 1841-1843,
in special session repeals Sub-Treasury Act, HC ii. 205;
passes fiscal bank bill, vetoed by Tyler, HC ii. 206, DW
244;
passes fiscal corporation bill, vetoed by Tyler, MVB 402,
HC ii. 209, 210, DW 244;
authorizes a loan, HC ii. 221 ;

206 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
passes Clay's land bill, HC ii. 211-213;
attempt of Clay to limit debate in Senate, HC ii. 219,
THB 221-224;
debates veto power, HC ii. 222-224;
Senate adjourns after Clay's farewell address, HC ii. 225,
226;
House attempts to censure Adams for presenting disunion
petition, JQA 280-288, HC ii. 233, 234;
debates power of Congress over slavery in war time, JQA
263;
passes provisional tariff bills, HC ii. 224, 226;
passes tariff of 1842, HC ii. 227, 228;
censures Giddings for his " Creole " resolutions, HC ii.
234, 235.
Twenty-Eighth Congress, 1843-1845,
attempts to pass bill to settle Oregon, THB 251;
House repeals gag rule, JQA 305, 306, HC ii. 233;
Senate confirms Calhoun as secretary of state, JCC 228;
Senate rejects Texas treaty of annexation, MVB 413, HC
ii. 260, JCC 244, THB 274;
passes joint resolution annexing Texas, HC ii. 272, 273,
JCC 245-253, THB 278, WHS 61.
Twenty-Ninth Congress, 1845-1847,
admits Texas as a State, DW 283;
debates Oregon, HC ii. 281, DW 258, LC 227, 228;
attack in House on Webster's financial integrity, DW 260,
261;
gives notice of termination of joint occupancy of Oregon,
HC ii. 282, JCC 262-267, LC 30;
Senate advises Polk as to Oregon treaty, HC ii. 282, 283,
THB 255, LC 230;
receives Polk's message and declares war begun by act of
Mexico, HC ii. 284, JCC 276, 277, CFA 73, CS 45;
passes war measures, DW 263, 283, LC 231;
passes sub-treasury bill, HC ii. 284;
passes tariff act, HC ii. 284;

TOPICAL INDEX 207
rejects two-million bill with Wilmot Proviso, MVB 417,
HC ii. 286, JCC 278, LC 232;
again rejects Wilmot Proviso, MVB 417, 418, HC ii. 286,
DW 283, 284, LC 233, AL i. 79;
debates Calhoun's resolutions on slavery in Territories, HC
ii. 302, JCC 291, THB 287;
rejects bill to organize Oregon without slavery, HC ii. 303,
JCC 306.
Thirtieth Congress, 1847-1849,
Lincoln's " spot" resolutions, AL i. 75;
rejects Ashmun's amendment condemning Mexican War,
AL i. 177;
defeats Clayton's compromise, JCC 313;
finally organizes Oregon excluding slavery, HC ii. 313,
DW 286, 287, JCC 306, THB 290;
in 1848, debates slavery in Territories, HC ii. 320, 321;
attempts vainly to organize new Territories, DW 289, LC
264, CS 67;
debates question of extension of Constitution over new
Territories, DW 290, JCC 321, THB 291;
debates motions for abolition in District of Columbia, JCC
315, AL i. 79;
ends session with debate on appropriation bill, LC 267.
Thirty-First Congress, 1849-1851,
its membership, HC ii. 330, SPC 113, 114, TS 69;
speakership contest in House, HC ii. 326, DW 291, LC
272, WHS 68, TS 67, 71, CS 69;
Senate debates proposed compliment to Father Matthew,
HC ii. 328, WHS 76;
unable to agree on compromises, HC ii. 329, DW 305, LC
272, WHS 76;
debates Clay's compromise, HC ii. 330-350, DW 291-294,
THB 294-299, LC 276-283, WHS 77-98, SPC 124-129,
TS 75-85;
defeats omnibus bill, HC ii. 359, 360, WHS 93, TS 85;
passes compromise measures, HC ii. 362-365, THB 299-
300, LC 283, WHS 97, TS 85;

208 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued).
House debates fugitive slave law, HC ii. 378;
Senate debates slave trade, HC ii. 379;
debates tariff, TS 86, 87; [ii. 393;
anthorizes Fillmore to bring Kossuth to United States, HC
debates Shadrach case, HC ii. 380, CS 81-88;
unable to pass river and harbor bill, HC ii. 384.
Thirty-Second Congress, 1851-1853,
debates intervention, WHS 107-111;
debates proposed Pacific railroad, THB 307, WHS 103;
debates Fugitive Slave Law, CS 88-95.
Thirty-Third Congress, 1853-1855,
debates and passes Kansas-Nebraska bill, MVB 440, THB
309-312, LC 293-298, WHS 117-132, SPC 142-145, CS
102-116. Thirty-Fourth Congress, 1855-1857,
House unable to organize for eight weeks, WHS 158;
House demands restoration of Missouri compromise, WHS
158;
appoints committees to investigate Kansas, WHS 159, 166,
CS 157;
Senate debates Kansas troubles, LC 317-320, WHS 158-
163, CS 136-145;
does not punish Brooks's assault on Sumner, LC 321,
WHS 163, CS 145-150;
unable to pass bill for new organization of Kansas, WHS
165-167;
passes tariff of 1857, TS 104, CS 156.
Thirty-Fifth Congress, 1857-1859,
Senate and House differ over Lecompton constitution, LC
325, WHS 177-183, CS 167-169;
passes English bill to settle Kansas question, AL i. 109,
WHS 184, CS 169;
calls for information on slave trade, LC 331.
Thirty-Sixth Congress, 1859-1861,
contested organization of House, WHS 188, TS 96-104,
CFA 110, 111;

TOPICAL INDEX 209
Senate debates Davis's non-intervention resolutions, WHS
189, 190, CS 171;
refuses admission to Kansas, WHS 190-192, CS 171;
passes act increasing tariff, TS 104-106;
considers compromise proposals in 1860-1861, SPC 200-
202, CFA 132-142, CS 186-199;
rejects resolution calling upon Buchanan to defend Fort
Sumter, TS 119, 120;
organizes Territories without excluding slavery, MVB 438,
WHS 220, 221;
rejects Crittenden Compromise, AL i. 202, WHS 215, 216,
CS 187, 188;
Senate committee fails to agree on a compromise, AL i.
292, WHS 217, 218;
rejects plan of peace conference, AL i. 203;
counts electoral votes, AL i. 207, 208;
proposes a constitutional amendment to protect slavery,
AL i. 201, 202, TS 120-123, 129, CS 194.
Thirty-Seventh Congress, 1861-1863,
meets in extra session, its membership, AL i. 254, 296-298,
TS 138;
passes war measures, AL i. 298, TS 144-148, SPC 221,222;
passes Crittenden resolution on object of war, AL ii. 4, TS
148, SPC 254, CS 200;
passes confiscation bill freeing negroes used in war, AL ii.
5, SPC 224, 225, CS 226, 227, TS 150;
passes loan acts, TS 174, 175;
in second session refuses to reaffirm Crittenden resolution,
AL ii. 11, TS 149, 230;
creates committee on conduct of war, AL i. 321, 322;
thanks Wilkes for his conduct in Trent affair, AL i. 381,
WHS 300, CFA 232;
resolves to send representatives to Hayti and Liberia, CS
222;
issues legal tender notes, TS 160-167, SPC 246, CS 209,
213-215;
prohibits return of fugitive slaves, AL ii. 12, CS 201-205;

210 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS (continued),
passes resolution to cooperate in emancipation, AL ii. 21-
23, CS 237, TS 216;
debates battle of Shiloh, AL i. 362 ;
emancipates slaves in District of Columbia, AL ii. 11, SPC
257, 258, CS 205, 206, TS 217;
passes act to arm negroes, AL ii. 15-17, SPC 263, TS 223;
frees slaves of rebels, AL ii. 14, TS 199;
abolishes slavery in Territories, AL ii. 13, 14, SPC 257, 258,
TS 217;
passes comprehensive tax laws, SPC 239, TS 176-178;
approves Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 120;
admits West Virginia, AL ii. 180, 181, CS 227, TS 189;
passes Pacific Railroad bill, TS 203;
Senate passes resolutions against permitting mediation, CS
241;
accepts members from Louisiana, AL ii. 270;
authorizes suspension of habeas corpus, SPC 327, TS 194,
195;
fails to pass bill to aid emancipation in Missouri, AL ii.
129;
passes conscription act, TS 195, 198;
authorizes issue of letters of marque, CS 239-241.
Thirty-Eighth Congress, 1863-1865,
its membership, AL ii. 212, 213;
excludes members from seceded States, TS 233, 234, CS
269;
passes act creating lieutenant-general, AL ii. 276 ;
House resolves not to recognize monarchy in Mexico, WHS
360;
passes National Bank Act, SPC 281;
passes act to prevent gold speculation, SPC 286, TS 208;
Senate debates resolution disapproving Lincoln's amnesty
proclamation, WHS 368;
passes reconstruction act, vetoed by Lincoln, AL ii. 230-
232, TS 234, 237, WHS 368;
fails to pass thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 318, TS 225;

TOPICAL INDEX 211
passes acts to aid negroes, CS 221, 224, 260, 262;
resolves to retaliate on Southern prisoners, CS 279-281 ;
refuses to recognize presidential electors from South, AL
ii. 295, 296;
passes thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 325-327, TS 226;
imposes ten per cent tax on bank notes, SPC 282.
Thirty-Ninth Congress, 1865-1867,
excludes members from reconstructed States, TS 256-258;
appoints joint committee ou reconstruction, TS 258, 259;
debates reconstruction, CS 304-307, TS 261-270;
fails to pass Freedmen's Bureau bill over veto, TS 270,
SPC 336, 340, CS 266;
passes fourteenth amendment, SPC 340, 341, CS 310-314,
TS 271, 272;
limits contraction of currency, SPC 390, 391 ;
reduces number of Supreme Court judges, SPC 342;
passes bills over Johnson's veto, TS 271 ;
votes on negro suffrage, CS 263, 264, 315, 326, 327;
passes tenure of office act, CS 330, 331, TS 328;
debates treason, TS 287;
debates and passes reconstruction act, SPC 341, 342, CS
327-329, TS 273-277, 285-287;
passes act that next Congress assemble March 4th, TS 323,
324. Fortieth Congress, 1867-1869,
debates confiscation bill, TS 324, 325;
reduces jurisdiction of Supreme Court, SPC 354, 355;
ratifies Alaska treaty, CS 338-340;
rejects resolution to impeach Johnson, TS 327, 328;
directs reissue of legal tender notes, SPC 391;
Senate refuses to ratify removal of Stanton, CS 347, TS
331;
attempts and fails to impeach Johnson, SPC 357-361, CS
347-351, TS 332-345;
debates bill to sanction reprisals on foreigners, CS 353-
355;
admits members from South, TS 298.

212 TOPICAL INDEX
CONGRESS, (continued).
Forty-First Congress, 1869-1871,
Senate rejects treaty to purchase St. Thomas, CS 361;
Senate rejects Johnson-Clarendon treaty, WHS 392, CFA
380, CS 364-368;
rejects bill to alter qualifications for Secretary of Treasury,
CS 364;
passes various acts to benefit negroes, CS 375, 376;
passes bill to admit Texas, Virginia and Georgia on condi
tions, CS 374, 375;
rejects treaty annexing San Domingo, CS 384-386;
again declines to annex San Domingo, CS 388-391, 397-
399;
ratifies treaty of Washington, CS 400.
Forty-Second Congress, 1871-1873,
debates Sumner's civil rights bill, CS 402-406;
debates amnesty bill, CS 403, 405, 406;
investigates War Department, CS 408, 409;
Sumner's attack in, on Grant, CS 413-415;
has further debate on Sumner's civil rights bill, CS 406, 420.
Forty-Third Congress, 1873-1875,
debates and finally passes civil rights act, CS 426^428.
CONNECTICUT, prepares for resistance in 1775, PH 131, 133, J J 56 ;
quarrels with Pennsylvania, J J 45;
mob from, attacks Rivington's press, JJ 46, AH 10, 11,
GM 38, 39; [59;
fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad
favors assumption of state Revolutionary debt, JMad 151;
requests extradition of criminals from New York, JJ 284;
disunion movement in, during War of 1812, GM 311;
a stronghold of Anti-Masonry, AJ 293;
denounces nullification, A J 335;
. repeals black laws, HC ii. 154.
CONSCRIPTION, proposed and defeated in War of 1812, DW 59;
employed in War of Rebellion, its results, AL ii. 194-198,
TS 195-198.

TOPICAL INDEX 213
CONSTITUTION OP UNITED STATES,
The Federal Convention, 1787,
first suggestions, GW ii. 17, 18, 23, 24, AH 28, 34, 52, JJ
222, 223;
federal convention called by Annapolis Convention, GW ii.
29, AH 54, JMad 60;
opposition to convention from states' rights men, SA 352,
PH 309-311, AH 59, JMad 81-83;
membership and parties in convention, BF 407, 408, PH
310-312, GW ii. 30, GM 115-117, 122, JMad 85-90;
plans of constitutions submitted, AH 58-62, JMad 84;
settlement of various features of the Constitution;
supremacy of federal government, GM 124-126;
representation, BF 409, GM 121-123, JMad 94;
the presidency, BF 408, 410, GM 133;
the legislature, BF 410, GM 123, 131, 135;
suffrage, BF 410, GM 129;
naturalization, BF 410, GM 136;
judiciary, GM 134;
proposal of Morris to keep West subordinate to East, GM
126-128;
discussion of slavery compromises, GM 141-143, JMad
90-97, 109, AL i. 82;
question of slave representation, GM 136-141, JMad 94-
97;
question of slave trade, GM 137-140, JMad 101-106;
fugitive slave clause, JMad 107;
part played in formation of Constitution by various states
men, BF408, 411, GW ii. 31-36, AH 56-62, GM 120, 121,
JMad 84, 85.
Ratification Struggle, 1787-1789,
the writing of " The Federalist," AH 65-69," JJ 225-227,
JMad 111, 112;
attitude of Jefferson on ratification, TJ 84-86;
the Pennsylvania convention, GM 144, AG 35, 36;
action of Franklin, BF 411;
movement in Pennsylvania to demand amendments, AG 37-
40;

214 TOPICAL INDEX
CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES (continued),
the Massachusetts convention, S A 353-362 ;
action of S. Adams, SA 352, 354-356, 360;
the Virginia convention, PH 313-356, JMar 55-85, JMad
112-116, JMon 28, 33;
action of Washington, G W ii. 36-41 ;
members and parties in Virginia convention, PH 313-319,
GW ii. 38^1, JMar 55-65, JMad 112, JR 17;
opposition of Henry to ratification, PH 322-330, JMar 64;
part played by Marshall, Madison and Monroe, JMar 68-
85, JMad 113-115, JMon 29, 30;
the Constitution ratified with amendments, PH 331, 332,
JMar 86, JMad 115;
movement in Virginia for amendments and a second con
vention, PH 339-356, AG 36;
the New York convention, AH 64-79;
the opposition party in New York, AH 64, 65, JJ 229;
part played by Hamilton, AH 70-74;
part played by Jay, J J 229-233;
the Constitution ratified by three majority, AH 72, JJ 233.
Period of Federalist Development, 1789-1801,
ten amendments proposed by the First Congress, PH 354-
356, AG 40, JMad 139;
power of removal from office debated in Congress, JMad
137, 138;
implied powers explained in Hamilton's Bank argument,
AH 103, 104, 130, JMar 174, TJ 107, 113;
strict construction advocated in Jefferson's Bank argument,
AH 129, JMar 174, TJ 125, 205;
the relation of Congress to slavery and petitions discussed,
JMad 153, 156, 159;
Constitution expounded by Federalist Supreme Court in
Hylton vs Ware's Executor, JJ 255, PH 359-363;
Hay burn's case, J J 240;
Chisholm vs Georgia, JJ 252-255, JMar 83;
power of President to issue neutrality proclamation, JMad
196;

TOPICAL INDEX 215
relation of House of Representatives to treaty power de
bated in connection with Jay Treaty, JMad 216, 217, AG
109-115;
question of constitutionality of Alien and Sedition laws, TJ
172;
constitutional relation between Executive and Congress de
bated, AG 142-147, 161;
States' rights asserted by Virginia and Kentucky resolu
tions, JMad 234-240, TJ 172.
Period of Republican Development, 1801-1829,
Jeffersonian theory of Constitution, JR 33-36, 122, 123;
constitutionality of repeal of Judiciary Act questioned, JR
70, GM 290;
power of Government to annex Louisiana by treaty, TJ
218, 223, 227, 228, JMad 247, 248, JQA 35, JR 87-92,
AG 285;
power of Congress to establish despotic government in v.
colony, JR93;
debate over constitutional cause for impeachment, JR 150;
question of the embargo, JR 225, 226, DW 43, TJ 273;
Bank called unconstitutional in 1811, HC i. 64-66, 133-
135;
conscription called unconstitutional, DW 59;
Clay's doctrine as to cession of territory, HC i. 164;
inability of United States to submit to mixed tribunals for
punishing slave trade, JQA 138;
Calhoun's early doctrines, JCC 29-37, 66, 78;
constitutional questions raised by Missouri compromise, TJ
293, JMon 148-151, HC i. 180, 184;
constitutionality of internal improvements debated, TJ 294,
JMon 152, 182, 191-202, JR 124, 272-275, AJ 235, MVB
96-98, 132, 201, HC i. 44-47, 142-144, 206-208, 266, 267,
THB 53, 54;
question of protective tariff under the Constitution, MVB
101, DW 155, 156, 166;
Benton's Demos Krateo principle and the Constitution, JQA
172, JCC 61, 62, A J 125-128, HC i. 240, THB 54, 55;

216 TOPICAL INDEX
CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES (continued),
proposal to amend election of President, MVB 104-106,
134;
query as to Calhoun's right to refuse to act as vice-presi
dent until exonerated, JCC 50, 51.
Constitutional Law developed by Marshall,
the problem of interpreting the Constitution in law, JMar
159-161, 175;
Marshall's principles of construction, JMar 170-175, 176-
178. Cases tried by Marshall:
Marbury vs Madison, JMar 182-184;
Burr's trial, JMar 211-222;
Fletcher vs Peck, JMar 184-188, JR 104, 107-108;
Martin vs Hunter's Lessee, A J 168;
Dartmouth College Case, JMar 188-191, AJ 168, DW 78-
80, 93;
McCulloch vs Maryland, JJ 254, JMar 191-195, AJ 166;
Sturges vs Crowninshield, AJ 166;
Cohens vs Virginia, JMar 196, 198, A J 169;
Gibbons vs Ogden, JMar 170-172, A J 168, DW 96;
Osborn vs Bank, A J 166;
Ogden vs Saunders, JMar 173, DW 97;
Bank vs Halsted, AJ 166 ;
Green vs Biddle, AJ 167;
Craig vs Missouri, AJ 175.
Democratic Development, 1829-1849,
Calhoun's theory of States' rights, HC ii. 3, JCC 78, 79, 97-
99, 144-146;
arguments for and against nullification, AJ 333, 334, DW
170-175, THB 85, 86;
the relation of spoils system to Constitution debated, HC ii.
62-65, DW 225, 226, CFA 21-29;
Jacksonian theory of presidency, AJ 324, 325, 349, 353,
354, 363, HC i. 377, ii. 109, 110;
question of constitutionality of Bank revived, MVB 145,
203, DW 203, THB 105 ;

TOPICAL INDEX 217
the censure of Jackson called unconstitutional, HC ii. 40,
41;
question of admission of Michigan, JCC 157-162;
debates on constitutionality of expunging resolutions, HC
ii. 102;.
question of constitutionality of distribution of surplus, MVB
265, THB 129;
Marshall's precedents reversed in case of Briscoe vs Bank
of Kentucky, A J 422-428;
case of rival governments iu Rhode Island, DW 101 ;
proposals to abolish veto power, HC ii. 222, 223, JCC 119;
question of the annexation of Texas, AG 351, JQA 266,
HC ii. 240-242, 272, DW 282, JCC 245, 248, 253;
volunteers bill held unconstitutional by Webster, DW 263.
The Constitution and Slavery, 1836-1860,
general discussion of slavery under the Constitution, DW
268, 287, SPC 63, 65-67;
proposal to exclude abolitional literature from mails, HC ii.
84-86, JCC 134-137;
the gag rule and right of petition, JQA 250, 256, 258;
Calhoun's resolutions on slavery and petitions, HC ii. 156,
157, JCC 125;
debate as to powers of Congress over slavery in District of
Columbia, MVB 272, 273, HC ii. 73, JCC 126, 127, THB
146, 149;
the interpretation of fugitive slave clause, SPC 78, CS 94,
95, 120-122, TS 20, 74;
debate as to whether Constitution extends over Territories,
DW 290, JCC 321, 322, THB 291;
query as to power of Congress over slavery in the States,
JQA 249, 250, 261-263, AL i. 132, 133, TS 76;
Calhoun's doctrine regarding slavery in Territories, HC ii.
302, JCC 194, 195, 291-295, 310, AL i. 88, WHS 70, 71;
Van Buren on power of Congress over slavery in Territories,
MVB 426, 444;
Chase's theory of slavery under the Constitution, SPC 68,
89;

218 TOPICAL INDEX
CONSTITUTION OF UNITED STATES (continued),
Sumner's theory of slavery and the Constitution, CS 94, 95;
the doctrine of squatter sovereignty, MVB 422, HC ii. 303,
JCC 309, THB 310, 311, LC 235-239, 272-276, 294-296,
322, AL i. 91-95, 103, 107, WHS 64, SPC 136;
Seward's statement of "higher law," WHS 87-89;
proposal of Calhoun to amend in 1850, JCC 344-346, WHS
85, HC ii. 339;
the Dred Scott decision, MVB 441, THB 315, 317, LC 327,
AL i. 102, 103, 107, 126-130, 141-143, 153, WHS 168-
172, 179-181, 189, CS 165, 263, 278, TS 102;
the Lincoln-Douglas joint debates, AL i. 116-149;
personal liberty laws seek to nullify Fugitive Slave law,
CS 121, 172.
The Constitution during Civil War and Recon
struction, 1861-1874,
Buchanan's view of secession, AL i. 188-190, TS 117;
Lincoln's doctrine of secession, AL i. 214, 221, 293;
amendment proposed in 1861 to guarantee slavery, CS 194,
TS 121-123;
the constitutional object of the war, AL ii. 101, 102, 107,
108;
the blockade upheld as legal, AL i. 284, 285, WHS 270, SPC
326;
war powers of the President, AL i. 285, 286, 318, TS 193;
suspension of habeas corpus, AL i. 286-291, SPC 300,
301, 326, 327, TS 194, 195;
Stevens's theory of the status of the Constitution during war,
TS 188, 196, 200-202, 229;
slavery abolished in Territories, AL ii. 14;
doubtful constitutionality of the origin of West Virginia,
AL ii. 180, 181, TS 188, 191;
constitutionality of the Emancipation Proclamation, JQA
261-265, JR 273-275, 278, AL ii. Ill, 113, 315, SPC 271,
CS 202, 226, 260;
constitutionality of draft act debated, TS 196;
the debate on issue of legal tender, SPC 247, TS 163-165;

TOPICAL INDEX 219
power of Congress over electoral count, AL ii. 297;
military governors appointed by Lincoln, AL ii. 217, 218;
general views of relation of Constitution to reconstruction,
AL ii. 216, 217, 232, WHS 366, 367, 378-380, 388, CS
217-219, 257-259, 287, 323, 351, TS 229-240, 261, 262,
266, 297, 298;
passage of thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 317, 318, 324-327,
CS 259-261, TS 226;
debate and passage of fourteenth amendment, CS 304, 310-
314, 316, 317, TS 260, 271, 272, 295;
the Tenure of Office Act, CS 330, TS 328, 331, 332, 340-
342;
the impeachment of Johnson, TS 334, 339, 345, SPC 358-
360, CS 347-351;
passage of fifteenth amendment, SPC 371, 372, CS 358.
Cases tried before Supreme Court on questions of
war powers and reconstruction,
Vallandigham Case, SPC 327;
ex parte Milligan, SPC 344;
Cummings vs Missouri, SPC 347;
ex parte Garland, SPC 347;
Mississippi vs Johnson, SPC 348;
Georgia vs Stanton, SPC 349;
the McCardle Case, SPC 350, 355;
White vs Hart, SPC 373, 380;
Osborn vs Nicholson, SPC 373;
United States vs Anderson, SPC 374, 376;
the Protector, SPC 374;
Thorington vs Smith, SPC 375;
United States vs Keehler, SPC 375;
Hickman vs Jones, SPC 375;
Miller vs United States, SPC 376;
Corbett vs Nutt, SPC 376;
Tarbell's Case, SPC 377;
Texas vs White, SPC 378-380;
Slaughter-House Cases, SPC 381-383;
License Tax Cases, SPC 385;

220 TOPICAL INDEX
Veazie Bank vs Fenno, SPC 386;
Collector vs Day, SPC 388;
Hepburn vs Griswold, SPC 392-397;
Legal Tender Cases, SPC 399-412;
Sumner's civil rights act, CS 404;
effect of Civil War on Constitution, AL i. 285, ii. 208, TS
187.
CONSTITUTIONAL UNION PARTY,
its origin and character, LC 339, AL i. 165, 166, WHS 193;
nominates Bell for President, LC 339, AL i. 178.
CONVENTION, FEDERAL,
see Constitution.
CONWAY CABAL,
origin and character, GW i. 214, 215, 217, PH 242;
uses anonymous letters against Washington, PH 244, 250;
discovered by Washington, GW i. 220, PH 248-250;
gains control of Congress and Board of War, GW i. 221,
GM72;
fails to invade Canada, GW i. 222, 223;
fails to make Washington resign, GW i. 222, 224;
breaks down, GW i. 223, 226.
COPPERHEADS, see Democratic Party.
COWFENS,
see Military History.
CREEKS,
see Georgia and Indians.
CREOLE CASE',
see Diplomatic History.
CUBA, its annexation predicted by Jefferson, TJ 287;
Gallatin avows intention of United States to prevent its
seizure by England, AG 346;
its annexation expected by Adams, JQA 130;
plans of Panama Congress to invade, HC i. 270;
independence of, dreaded by slaveholders, HC i. 270;
invaded by Lopez, DW 327;

TOPICAL INDEX 221
desired by South for slave territory, LC 313, WHS 188;
its necessity to United States proclaimed in Ostend Mani
festo, LC 313, 314;
attempts to purchase, in 1858, WHS 187, 188;
recognition refused by United States during insurrection of
1868, CS 369, 371.
CUMBERLAND ROAD,
proposed, AG 290;
begun with consent of States, HC i. 43, 45 ;
bill to improve vetoed by Monroe, JMon 152, 191-202,
MVB 95, 96, 132, HC i. 206, THB 53.
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE,
its history, DW 73-77, TS 13, 15;
studies of various statesmen at, DW 12-23, SPC 5, TS 15,
16;
see Constitution, Dartmouth College Case.
DEBT, FEDERAL,
see Financial History.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE,
see Congress, and Independence.
DELAWARE,
sends delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 55, 59;
only Federalist State outside New England, JMad 243;
votes for Adams in 1828, AJ 148;
opposes nullification, A J 335;
votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383.
DEMOCRATIC PARTY, 1825-1872,
see Republican Party, Jeffersonian.
Jacksonian Democracy, 1825-1844,
begins as opposition to Adams's administration, JQA 192,
AJ 130, HC i. 265, DW 135, JCC 62, THB 57;
its leaders, especially Van Buren, JQA 192, 193, 199, JR
285, AJ 131-135, MVB 118, 119, HC i. 280, 281, JCC
109, THB 78;
its methods of opposing Adams, and upholding Jackson,
JQA 208-210, 237, A J 137, 144, HC i. 225, 275-280, 286;

222 TOPICAL INDEX
DEMOCRATIC PARTY (continued),
discussion as to whether its opposition was based on princi
ple or not, JQA 196, AJ 139, MVB 119-123, 145, 153-
155, 159-161, HC i. 313-318, LC 152, 162;
opposes Panama mission, AJ 137, MVB 130, 131, HC i.
263, DW 136;
opposes internal improvements, MVB 131, 132, 142;
asserts States' rights, A J 139;
uncertain about the tariff, A J 250, 251, MVB 240;
carries New York in 1828, MVB 166, WHS 21, 22;
contains incongruous elements, MVB 157, HC i. 320;
wins in election of 1828, causes for its success, AJ 176-
179, MVB 162, HC i. 290-292, THB 63-68, LC 156-158;
its members demand places in public service, MVB 177,
178, 208-212, HC i. 335-338, THB 72, 75;
how controlled by Jackson, HC i. 322-325, THB 104;
divided by quarrel between Calhoun and Jackson, AJ. 201-
206, 209, MVB 191, THB 87, 88, 92, 96;
forced by Jackson to oppose Bank, AJ 285, HC i. 355, 378-
381, THB 105, 115;
becomes more fully organized, A J 296, 299, 317;
nominates Van Buren at Jackson's dictation, AJ 318, MVB
237-241, HC i. 378, 379;
wins in election of 1832, MVB 247, 248, HC i. 380, THB
120, 121;
its career in Pennsylvania, TS 36-54;
influenced by Loco-Focos in New York, MVB 342-345, AJ
433^38;
makes expunging resolutions its platform, HC ii. 101-105,
THB 120;
denounces Senate as aristocratic, AJ 364;
controls country with complete organization, AJ 439, 440,
HC ii. 47, 48, THB 163, 164;
secession of H. L. White's faction, AJ 441, MVB 256, 257,
260;
nominates Van Buren in 1835, AJ 442, MVB 257-259, HC
ii. 96, JCC 116-118;

TOPICAL INDEX 223
succeeds in election of 1836, AJ 448, 449, MVB 279, 280,
HC ii. 98;
upholds specie circular, MVB 322, 323, THB 183;
favors literary men, MVB 361, 362;
breaks away from Van Buren's control during panic of
1837, AJ 451, MVB 338, 347, HC i. 129, 130, 145;
loses ground in local elections, MVB 337, 342, HC i. 131,
183, THB 172-174, 205;
rejoined by Calhoun, MVB 340, 341, JCC 183, 184;
regains ground in elections of 1838, MVB 362, 363;
renominates Van Buren in 1840, MVB 379, 380, HC ii.
183;
defeated in election, MVB 390, 391, 399, HC ii. 184-189,
DW 233, CFA 42;
applauds Tyler's Bank vetoes, HC ii. 207, THB 213, 227,
228;
regains ground in local elections, HC ii. 220, 237;
continues to be led by Van Buren, MVB 402-404, HC ii.
251;
rise in its Southern wing of opposition to Van Buren, AJ
458, LC 205;
divides on question of Texas annexation, MVB 405, HC ii.
251, THB 257, WHS 44;
struggle in its convention of 1844 between Northern and
Southern delegates, MVB 408^10, HC ii. 252, JCC 213,
214, 243, LC 201, 202, 217;
demands "all" of Oregon, HC ii. 252, 260, DW 258-260,
THB 253, 254, LC 226;
nominates Polk, the first " dark horse," MVB 410, 411,
JCC 243, 244, LC 218, 219;
aided by action of Van Buren And Wright in New York,
MVB 412-414, HC ii. 259, 260;
carries Pennsylvania as a protectionist party, HC ii. 257,
258, LC 220;
successful in election of 1844, MVB 412, 413, HC ii.
256, 265, 266, DW 256, JCC 250, THB 257, 275, LC
223, 224, SPC 93.

224 TOPICAL INDEX
DEMOCRATIC PARTY (continued),
The Democratic party controlled by Slaveholders,
1844-1861,
controlled by South, HC ii. 301, DW 307, THB 166, 167,
207, 208, 281-284, SPC 93;
looked upon by Chase as likely to become anti-slavery, SPC
94, 95, 104, 115;
in New York divides into Hunkers and Barnburners, MVB
415-425, LC 240;
movement in, to nominate Cass, LC 235, 240;
its national convention, platform, and candidates in 1848,
MVB 424, HC ii. 305, THB 291, LC 243, 244, WHS 49,
SPC 96, CFA 90, CS 57;
Free-Soil members secede, MVB 429, 430, HC ii. 313, THB
292, LC 252, 254, CFA 91;
Southern members vote for Taylor, LC 261 ;
carries Northwest, LC 259, 260;
defeated in election, MVB 432, HC ii. 314, THB 291, 292,
LC 261;
its condition after 1848, LC 265, WHS 64, 68;
in 1849 reunites in New York, MVB 435;
joins with Free-Soilers in Ohio and Massachusetts, SPC
107-111, CS 63, 75-84, 106;
nominates Pierce at National Convention of 1852, MVB
439, HC ii. 396, 402, DW 331, THB 305, LC 287, 288,
WHS 112;
succeeds in election, LC 291-293, AL i. 93, WHS 113, 114,
TS88;
in Missouri divides into Southern and Northern factions,
THB 302-305;
loses some Northern members after passage of Kansas-
Nebraska bill, LC 300, AL i. 101, WHS 133, CFA 107,
CS 167, 170;
officially favors filibustering, LC 316;
in convention of 1856, nominates Buchanan, MVB 441, LC
321, WHS 149, LC 322;
wins in election, LC 323, AL i. 101, 102, CS 157;

TOPICAL INDEX 225
splits on Douglas's position regarding Lecompton constitu
tion, AL i. 114;
breaks in two in 1860, and nominates two tickets, LC 338,
339, AL i. 116, 163-165, WHS 189, 193, TS 110, 111;
defeated in 1860, AL i. 174, 175.
The Democratic party in opposition to Republican
rule, 1861-1872,
" War" Democrats support Lincoln, AL i. 226, ii. 97, SPC
254, 255;
attempts of Lincoln to placate in 1861, AL i. 235;
feeble in Congress after 1861, TS 138;
" Copperheads " appear in, during second year of war,
AL ii. 95-97, 192, TS 196, 197, CS 181;
makes congressional campaign on issue of opposition to
emancipation, AL ii. 121-125, 219, TS 218-220;
demands peace, AL ii. 152;
denounces military rule in North, AL ii. 186, 188;
"Copperheads" organize to oppose the war, AL ii. 181-
184;
party loses ground in election of 1863, AL ii. 201 ;
hopes success in 1864, AL ii. 264, 270, TS 224;
nominates McClellan on peace platform, AL ii. 264, 265;
divided over "peace plank," AL ii. 274, 275;
damaged by Southern approval, AL ii. 286, 287;
defeated in election, AL ii. 291, TS 226, CS 272;
after war demands re-admission of Southern members, TS
256, 257;
supports Johnson against Republicans, TS 268;
reorganizes in 1868, SPC 365-368;
nominates Seymour for President, CFA 377, SPC 368;
beaten in election, CS 410, TS 284;
nominates Greeley in 1872, SPC 413, CFA 391, 392, CS411;
loses Jeffersonian ideals, MVB 12.
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY,
The Beginnings of Diplomacy, 1758-1775,
career of Franklin as agent for Pennsylvania, BF 59-84;
agency of Bollan in England, BF 155, 185, SA 127;

226 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
career of Franklin as representative of several colonies, BF
100-203;
Arthur Lee's agency for Massachusetts, BF 141, 194, 203,
226. Diplomacy of the Revolution, 1775-1782,
first proposals for foreign alliances, PH 194-199;
appointment of committee to correspond with friends
abroad, JA 110, 111, JJ 44;
general character of diplomacy of Revolution, BF 220, 221,
JA 165-167;
secret mission of Bonvouloir to United States, J J 44, 133;
mission of Silas Deane to France, BF 222-231, GW i. 190,
JA 146, J J 96-98, 133, 134;
negotiations of Lord Howe with Congress, BF 213-216;
Beaumarchais's intrigue, BF 225-231, 237-242, JJ 96-98,
133, 134;
mission of Franklin to France, BF 232^01, J J 134;
difficulties over status of foreign emissaries, BF 222;
first mission of Adams to France, JA 147-151 ;
mission of Arthur Lee to France, BF 232-399, JA 160;
futile mission of Lee to Spain, JA 150, JJ 114, BF 298,
299, 317;
difficulties of Franklin over American privateers in French
ports, BF 248-252;
negotiations with England about exchanges of prisoners,
BF 252-264;
steps leading to treaty of alliance with France, BF 236, 237,
269, 273-279, JJ 107, GM 76;
settlement of terms of treaty, BF 276-278, JJ 135, 136;
rejection of conciliatory proposition from England, GW i.
233, GM 75;
mission of Gerard to United States, BF 285, 298, SA 341,
JA 158, 161, 204, JJ 111-115, 137-141, GM 77-79;
discussion of western boundaries, JJ 111-113;
mission of Jay to Spain, BF 307, JA 162, JJ 113-127, GM
97;

TOPICAL INDEX 227
second mission of Adams to Europe as peace commissioner,
JA 167-223;
difficulties between Vergennes and Adams, BF 350-355, JA
173-177, 180-186;
methods of raising money in Europe, BF 306-336;
mission of Adams to Holland, BF 407, J A 187-194, 226;
attempt of United States to enter armed neutrality, BF
288;
mission of Luzerne to United States, BF 351, 363, 387, SA
343, JA 205-207, JJ 138-148.
The Treaty of Peace, 1781-1783,
the instructions of American commissioners, how framed,
BF378, J J 110, 112, 138-147, J A 204-207, GM 104, AH 37;
first English proposals to treat, BF 357-361, 363, 364, JA
199, 209;
opening of negotiations between Franklin and Oswald, BF
365, 366, JA 210, J J 149;
rivalry of Fox and Shelburne for conduct of negotiations,
BF 366-370, 372, J A 210, 211, J J 154;
difficulty over Oswald's commission, BF 371, 373-377, JA
211-213, J J 157-178;
Rayneval's journey to London and Jay's appeal to Shel
burne, BF 375-377, JJ 171-178;
attitude of Vergennes toward American claims, BF 393-
396, JA 213-215, GM 105, JJ 150, 151, 166-171, 190;
influence of Spain in causing France to oppose American
interests, BF 370, 380, JA 214, GM 97, 98, 105, 106, JJ
161, 165, 168, 171, 179, 191;
debate between American Commissioners over point of ne
gotiating without consulting France, BF 365, 369, 377-
379, JA 215, 216, GM 104, JJ 150, 151, 179, 184-188;
suspicions entertained by Jay and Adams of French sincer
ity, BF 374-376, 379, 391, 393, 396, JA 215, JJ 160, 165,
182-186;
American and English claims and counter propositions, BF
377, JA 213, 214, GM 106, J J 155, 180-182;
settlement of boundaries, BF 380, JA 216, JJ 188, 189;

228 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
settlement of fisheries question, BF 380, JA 217, 218, JJ
188, 193, 194;
debate over British debts and Tory indemnification, BF
380-382, JA 216, JJ 189, 191-194;
signature of provisional treaty, BF 383, JA 218, JJ 194,
195;
dissatisfaction of French, BF 384-387, JA 218, 219, JJ 195-
197;
the commissioners censured by Congress, BF 388, JA 220,
222, AH 37;
attempt of British government to reopen negotiations, JJ
197-199;
comments on the whole negotiation, BF 384, GM 102, 107,
JJ 199, 200.
Diplomacy of Confederation, 1783-1789,
treaties of commerce with Prussia and other countries, BF
397, JA 227;
mission of Adams to England, JA 227-236, AH 155, JJ
214, TJ 72, CFA 7-10;
difficulties with England over execution of treaty of peace,
AH 47, 50, GM 197, 198, J J 214, 215;
unfriendly commercial policy of England, JA 235, AH 50;
mission of Jefferson to France, JJ 213, TJ 70-80;
attempts to get commercial treaty with France, JJ 212, 213,
TJ 71;
dealings with Algerines, J J 214;
Jay, dealing with Gardoqui, proposes to surrender Missis
sippi navigation for » term of years in return for a Span
ish commercial treaty, PH 307, 308, JJ 208-211, GM 115,
AH 209, JMad 32, 33, 76-82, JMon 26, 27.
The Establishment of Neutrality, 1789-1795,
questions to be solved, GW ii. 132-136, AH 153;
special privileges refused by Washington to Moustier,
French minister, GW ii. 59-61;
unofficial mission of Morris to sound English feehng, GW
ii. 137, AH 155, GM 197-205;

TOPICAL INDEX 229
complications caused by French revolution, JA 266, 267,
JMar 92, TJ 130, 131;
question of binding nature of treaty with France, GW ii.
169-171, AH 159-162, JJ 256, TJ 132, JMad 195, 199,
200;
issue of neutrality proclamation, GW ii. 147, 148, AH 161,
JJ 256, 257, JMar 95, TJ 133, 143, JMad 196;
mission of Genet to United States, PH 397, GW ii. 148-
162, AH 164-177, GM 254, JJ 257-259, JMar 93-95, TJ
132-142, JMad 199-202, AG 57, 102;
Genet violates neutrality, GW ii. 151, JA 252, AH 165, 167,
JJ 258, JMar 93-95, TJ 135, 139, 141;
the "Little Sarah" episode, GW ii. 154-157, AH 166, JJ
258;
the recall of Genet demanded, GW ii. 158, AH 170, JMar
95, TJ 142;
mission of Fauchet as Genet's successor, GW ii. 195, 196,
202, AH 177;
mission of Carmichael and Short to Spain, GW ii. 161-
168, T J 206, 208;
Pinckney treaty of 1795 with Spain, GW ii. 166-168, TJ
208, AG 117, AJ 22;
mission of Short to Holland, GM 244;
mission of J. Q. Adams to Holland, JQA 19-21;
mission of J. Q. Adams to Prussia, JQA 21 ;
summary of Federalist foreign policy, GW ii. 216-219,
JMad 210, 211.
The Jay Treaty, 1794-1795,
difficulties with England, GW ii. 172, 173, AH 173-175, J J
262, 269;
mission of Hammond to United States, GW ii. 173, AH
156;
the "Grange" episode, GW ii. 173, TJ 138;
the English provision order excludes American grain from
French West Indies, GW ii. 174, 176, 185, AH 174, JJ 263;
Jay's special mission to England, GW ii. 177-184, AH 176,
GM 262, 263, J J 265-281, JMad 211, JMon 40-46;

230 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
the negotiations, GW ii. 180-182, AH 185, J J 270, 271;
attempts of Monroe to interfere, JMad 220, 221, JMon 51,
64;
terms of treaty, GW ii. 182, 183, JJ 271-279;
ratification, GW ii. 184,201, AH 186, 190, GM 284, JJ 282,
TJ 152, JMad 216, AG 102, JQA 21;
connection of Randolph's Fauchet letter with ratification of
treaty, GW ii. 195, AG 103;
public opinion on the treaty, SA 367, PH 405, GW ii. 183-
195, AH 186, 187, JJ 279, 281-283, JMar 97, JMad 212,
AG 103;
discussion of merits of treaty, GW ii. 205-207, AH 176, GM
263, JMad 211, 213-218;
the Nash case arises out of treaty, JMar 140-142;
mission of King to England, JMar 150, 151.
Difficulties with France, 1793-1800,
grounds for friction with France, JMar 101, TJ 160, JMad
219;
Morris's mission to France during Reign of Terror, GW ii.
211, JA 269, GM 219-256, JMon 68;
Morris's recall demanded, GW ii. 214, GM 254, JMon 68;
Monroe's mission to France, his conduct as French sympa
thizer, GW ii. 211-214, JA 269, 270, AH 198, GM 261,
JMar 102, JMad 218, 219, JMon 40-70;
Monroe recalled, GW ii. 214, JA 270, AH 198, JMar 102,
TJ 160, JMad 219, JMon 65;
Pinckney refused a reception by France as Monroe's suc
cessor, GW ii. 214, 284, JA 270, AH 198, JMar 102, TJ
160, AG 132, JMon 65, 66;
special mission of Pinckney, Marshall and Gerry, GW ii.
284, JA 272-277, AH 200, JMar 104-128, TJ 161, 162,
AG 139;
the XYZ affair, GW ii. 285, JA 277-281, AH 201, JMar
105-120, TJ 167, AG 149, J J 292;
attempts made by Talleyrand to reopen intercourse, JA
287-289, 294, 299, AH 213, TJ 171;

TOPICAL INDEX 231
special mission of Murray, Ellsworth and Davie, PH 412,
GW ii. 292, 293, JA 295, 298, 301, AH 213-218, TJ 171;
treaty of Morfontaine made and ratified, AG 162;
attempts of United States to save Lafayette, GM 238.
The Louisiana Purchase, 1800-1803,
Louisiana sold to France by Spain, TJ 209-211, JMon 78;
right of deposit terminated by Spain, TJ 212, JMon 78, JR
74, A J 23;
plan of Jefferson to purchase New Orleans, TJ 214-216,
JMon 79-81;
Livingston receives offer of Louisiana from Napoleon, TJ
215, JMon 81-83, 91-93;
special mission of Monroe to France, TJ 215-218, JMon
80-89;
purchase of Louisiana, GM 294, TJ 218, JMad 217, JMon
84-86, JQA 35, JR 83, AJ 23;
ratification of treaty, TJ 222, JQA 35;
Peace Diplomacy of Jefferson and Madison, 1804-
1811,
situation of United States in Napoleonic wars, TJ 255,
JMad 254-257, JMon 96, HC i. 68, 70;
Charles Pinckney's mission to Spain, JA 161 ;
Monroe's attempt to adjust Florida claims with Spain, JMon
98, 99, JR 161;
the Berlin and Milan decrees, TJ 263, JMad 266, 268, JQA
41, 42, HC i. 69;
the Orders in Council, TJ 263, 266, JMad 267, JMon 105,
JQA 40^2, HC i. 69;
non-importation act of 1806, TJ 256, 262, JMad 260, JQA
40, HC i. 71;
the Leander affair, TJ 257;
Pinkney's mission to England, JMad 261, JMon 99;
the Monroe-Pinkney treaty negotiated, JMon 96-106, JMad
262;
the Monroe treaty rejected by Jefferson, TJ 262, 263, JMad
263, JMon 106, JR 210, HC i. 71;
futile renewed negotiations, JMad 263;

232 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
Leopard-Chesapeake affair, TJ 264, 265, JMad 264-266,
JMon 104, JQA 45, 46, HC i. 71;
passage of embargo, TJ 266-268, JMad 268, HC i. 71;
England's attitude on embargo, TJ 277, 278, JMad 269;
Napoleon's Bayonne decree, TJ 278, JMad 270;
repeal of embargo and substitution of non-intercourse, TJ
280, JMad 271, HC i. 73, 74;
mission of J. Q. Adams to Russia, JQA 70-74;
Erskine's mission to United States, JMad 272-275, HC i.
73;
Erskine's treaty repudiated by Canning, JMad 275, AG
295, HC i. 73;
renewal of non-intercourse with England, JMad 277, HC i.
73;
Jackson's mission to United States, JMad 278, AG 295,
HC i. 73;
Macon bill No. 2 passed, JMad 280, 282, AG 296;
Napoleon announces conditional revocation of decrees, JMad
282;
the Rambouillet decree, JMad 284, HC i. 74;
Madison accepts Napoleon's statement of revocation of
decrees, JMad 284-287, 292, JMon 110, HC i. 74-76;
mission of Barlow to France, JMon 110;
England refuses to recognize Napoleon's revocation of
decrees, JMad 288, HC i. 75.
The War of 1812,
affair of the President and Little Belt, JMad 290;
steps leading to declaration of war, JMad 295, 296, JMon
107-110, HC i. 77, 84;
actual revocation of French decrees, JMad 304, 305, HC i.
87;
England revokes Orders in Council, JMad 307, HC i. 87;
attempt of Foster, English minister to United States, to
prevent war, JMad 307, 308;
continuance of war upon impressment issue, JMad 308,
HC i. 88.

TOPICAL INDEX 233
Peace of Ghent, 1813-1815,
offer of Russia to mediate, AG 299, 308, JQA 74, 75, HC i.
99, 100;
appointment of Gallatin, Bayard, and Adams as commis
sioners, AG 300-312, HC i. 100;
refusal of England to accept Russian mediation, AG 304-
306, 311, JQA 75, HC i. 100;
efforts of Gallatin and others to secure further aid from
Russia, AG 307, 309, 312, 315, 316;
England offers to treat directly, AG 311, JQA 76, HC i. 100;
appointment of a new commission, AG 312, JQA 76, HC i.
101;
discussion over place of negotiations, AG 313, JQA 76,
HC i. 102;
negotiations at Ghent, AG 316-325, JQA 77-93, HC i. 105-
123;
Enghsh claims cause interruption of negotiations, AG 317,
318, JQA 78, 79, 86, HC i. 107;
renewed negotiations upon modified English claims, AG
319, 321, JQA 88-93, HC i. 108;
American counter propositions, AG 322, 323, HC i. 109,
JQA 85;
settlement of boundaries, AG 322, 323, HC i. 109;
omission of fisheries and Mississippi navigation from treaty,
AG 323, JQA 88-90, 92, HC i. 110, 111, 115;
impressment article rejected, AG 322, JQA 92, HC i. 109,
115;
signing of treaty, AG 324, JQA 93, HC i. Ill;
terms of treaty, JQA 94, HC i. 116;
discussion of merits of treaty, JQA 93, 95, 96, HC i. 112,
117, 119;
commercial convention of 1815, AG 326, JQA 98, HC i. 124.
Diplomatic Withdrawal from Europe, 1815-1829,
mission of J. Q. Adams to England, JQA 98-100;
mission of Gallatin to France, AG 328-341, JMon 172;
discussion of indemnity for seizures under Napoleon's
decrees, AG 332, 333, 337;

234 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
failure to negotiate commercial treaty with Holland, AG
334;
mission of Rush to England, AG 334, JMon 146, 147, 170;
commercial convention of 1818 with England, AG 334,335;
difficulties with France, Spain, and England over Jackson's
invasion of Florida, AG 336, JQA 110, 162, AJ 78, 80;
question of Louisiana and Texas boundary, JQA 112, 116,
125, HC i. 163-165;
negotiations of Adams and Onis relative to purchase of
Florida, JMon 146, JQA 110-118, 123-125;
mediation of England declined, JQA 114;
aid of French minister in negotiations, JQA 114;
conclusion of treaty, JQA 115, HC i. 162;
refusal of Spain to ratify, JQA 117, HC i. 163;
renewed negotiations, JQA 123-125;
the Apollon case, AG 338;
final ratification of treaty, JQA 124, HC i. 165;
Stratford Canning's mission to United States, JQA 135-
147, 162;
dealings of Canning and Adams with reference to slave
trade, JQA 135-140;
difficulties between Canning and Adams over Oregon ques
tion, JQA 140-147, HC i. 299;
attitude of United States toward Spain's revolted colonies,
AG 336, JMon 170, 172, JQA 108, 132, HC i. 147;
dealings with England relative to Spanish-American repub
lics, JMon 170, 173, 174;
statement of Monroe doctrine, JMon 177-179, JQA 130-
133, HC i. 210;
dealings of Adams with Tuyl about Russian boundaries,
JQA 131;
proposal to recognize Greece, JQA 134;
failure of Panama Congress, AG 342, JQA 189, HC i. 267-
271, 293;
mission of Gallatin to England, AG 342-348, MVB 219,
HC i. 297, 298;

TOPICAL INDEX 235
negotiations over boundaries and West India trade, AG
344-347, A J 214, 215;
convention of 1827 with England, AG 347;
commercial treaties during Adams's administration, JQA
194, HC i. 299;
attempt of Poinsett to purchase Texas, HC i. 296, ii. 88;
negotiations with England about fugitive slaves, HC i.
300, 301.
Jacksonian Diplomacy, 1829-1841,
Van Buren's instructions to McLane, AJ 210, MVB 220,
HC ii. 367, DW 205;
settlement of West India trade controversy, AJ 214-216,
MVB 217-222;
mission of Rives to France, A J 217, 404, MVB 217;
negotiations over payment of French spoliation claims, AJ
217, 218, 402^08, MVB 216, HC ii. 53, LC 167, CFA 21;
reprisals recommended by Jackson, JQA 238, AJ 403, 404,
HC ii. 53, 54, THB 131, LC 167;
France refuses to pay, AJ 406, 407;
Livingston breaks diplomatic relations with France, JQA
238, A J 407, HC ii. 55, JCC 182, THB 131, LC 167;
England's mediation accepted, AJ 408, HC ii. 58;
final accommodation reached, AJ 408, MVB 216, HC ii.
56-69, THB 133, LC 168;
commercial treaties with minor states, MVB 217;
Van Buren's mission to England, MVB 222-228;
Cass's mission to France, LC 168-196;
Randolph's mission to Russia, JR 294, 300;
attempt of Poinsett to purchase Texas, HC ii. 90;
question of recognizing Texas, JQA 243, 266, HC ii. 92-
95, MVB 258;
dealings with Mexico, A J 415, 416, HC ii. 91-95;
settlement of claim against Mexico, AJ 421, HC ii. 94,
MVB 359, 360;
refusal of United States to annex Texas, MVB 358;
maintenance of neutrality during Canadian insurrection,
MVB 353, 356;

236 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
the Caroline affair, DW 241, MVB 354, THB 239, LC 175,
WHS 27, 33;
Van Buren prevents violence over Maine boundary ques
tion, MVB 367.
The Ashburton Treaty, 1840-1843,
the northeastern boundary question, AG 349, MVB 367,
DW 240, THB 230;
failure of arbitration by King of Netherlands, AG 349;
the McLeod case, DW 241-246, THB 239, 240, LC 176,
178, WHS 27-33;
controversy of England and United States with New York
authorities, DW 242, 243, 245;
mission of Stephenson to England, DW 242, 246;
mission of Everett to England, DW 246;
negotiations of Ashburton with Webster, AG 350, HC ii.
218, 237, DW 246-249, WHS 33, CFA 48;
settlement of Maine boundary, DW 247, 248;
settlement of Creole case, D W 248 ;
settlement of Caroline case, DW 249;
ratification of treaty, LC 187;
Webster's letter on impressment, DW 249, THB 242, LC
190, 191;
attacks on the treaty, DW 252, 253, THB 241-246, LC
188-193;
discussion of merits of treaty, DW 249, 250, THB 238,
239, LC 190;
minor negotiations of Webster, DW 253, 254.
Annexation of Texas, 1843-1845,
Texas offers annexation, HC ii. 237;
negotiations of Upshur and Nelson with Texas relative to
annexation, HC ii. 238-241, JCC 224, 225, 229, 233, LC
211;
negotiation of Calhoun relative to protecting Texas, HC ii.
241, 242, JCC 229, 230, 247, 248, THB 271, CS 82;
Calhoun's correspondence with English ministry concerning
Texas, HC ii. 249, JCC 230-241, THB 266, LC 211;

TOPICAL INDEX 237
rejection of Texas treaty, MVB 413, HC ii. 260, JCC 244,
THB 267-274;
joint resolution of annexation passed by Congress and
accepted by Texas, HC ii. 272, 273, JCC 245-254, THB
276-279. The Oregon Treaty, 1845-1846,
summary of dealings about Oregon to 1845, HC ii. 278, 279,
THB 246, 249, 250, LC 229;
negotiations of Calhoun and Pakenham, HC ii. 280, JCC
260-263;
Calhoun declines arbitration, HC ii. 280;
Polk iu messages to Congress claims all of Oregon, HC ii.
281, JCC 264, LC 226;
under Polk, Buchanan offers to compromise on forty-ninth
parallel, HC ii. 281, LC 227;
arbitration again declined by United States, HC ii. 281,
JCC 264;
notice of termination of joint occupancy given by United
States, HC i. 282, JCC 265, LC 230;
England proposes forty-ninth parallel, HC ii. 282, THB
254;
Polk, advised by Senate to accede, submits treaty to Senate
in advance, HC ii. 283, THB 255, LC 230;
ratification of treaty, HC ii. 283, THB 255, LC 230;
discussion of merits of treaty, JCC 267-271, THB 255,
256. Slavery Questions, 1830-1850,
question of recognition of Hayti, JQA 259;
the Encomium case, JCC 202, 203;
the Comet case, MVB 229, JCC 202, 203;
the Creole affair, JQA 279, HC ii. 234, 235, DW 247, 249,
JCC 209, CS 30,31;
the Enterprise case, HC ii. 170, DW 278, 279, JCC 203, 209;
Cass as minister to France opposes quintuple treaty for
suppression of slave trade, LC 180-184;
" cruising convention " adopted to prevent slave trade,
DW 248, LC 188.

238 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
Mexican War, 1846-1848,
causes of war, JCC 273, LC 231;
boundary claims of Texas taken up by United States, HC
ii. 275, JCC 274;
mission of Slidell to Mexico as envoy extraordinary, HC
ii. 276-278;
difficulties over Slidell's credentials, HC ii. 277, 278, 283;
declaration of state of war, HC ii. 284, JCC 276;
treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, HC ii. 301, DW 285, LC
239, 240, CS 56.
Minor Diplomatic Events, 1850-1860,
Clayton-Bulwer treaty, DW 327, LC 316;
sending of special agent to Hungary, HC ii. 392;
Webster's " Hiilsemann letter," DW 325, 326;
protest of Austrian minister against Kossuth's reception,
DW 326;
negotiations with England over Nicaragua, DW 327, 328,
LC 316, 329;
dealings with Mexico, DW 327, LC 336;
negotiations with Spain after Lopez's invasion of Cuba, and
the New Orleans mob, DW 327;
purchase of Mexican land by Gadsden treaty, THB 312 ;
attitude of United States toward Cuba, LC 313, 315;
issue of Ostend manifesto concerning Cuba, LC 313, 314;
refusal of United States to accede to Declaration of Paris,
WHS 288, CFA 200-202;
negotiations of Cass over English right of search, LC 329-
336;
Cass's argument, LC 331-333;
Lord Malmesbury, in interview with Dallas, abandons right
of search for England, LC 334-337;
Cass's statement of doctrine of blockade, LC 337;
San Juan boundary arbitration, CS 195.
Diplomacy of Civil War, 1861-1865,
the situation in 1861, AL i. 369-371, WHS 271-276, CFA
147-157;

TOPICAL INDEX 239
Seward's first dispatch to counteract effect of Buchanan's
message on secession, WHS 265-267;
foreign war proposed by Seward to prevent disunion, AL i.
276-278, WHS 255-257, CFA 179-195;
proposal for joint English and French action, WHS 278,
CFA 169;
refusal of Seward to recognize joint action, WHS 278, CFA
205;
instructions of Seward to Adams, AL i. 373-376;
Adams's mission to England, WHS 278-282, CFA 147-376;
mission of Yancey to England, CFA 170, 190, 197, 198;
England and France recognize Confederate belligerency, AL
i. 371, 372, WHS 278-287, CFA 148-171;
Seward protests against England's action, WHS 279;
attempt of Seward and Adams to secure accession of United
States to Treaty of Paris, WHS 289-291, CFA 203-207;
the Trent affair, LC 353-355, AL i. 380-387, WHS 297-
319, CFA 211-238, CS 208-214;
England demands surrender of prisoners and an apology,
WHS 299, 303-305, 318, 319, CFA 233-235, CS 210;
caution of Adams, Lincoln, and Seward, AL i. 382, WHS
301-304, CFA 217;
Seward's reply to England, WHS 305-317, CFA 227, 238,
CS214;
difficulties with England over suspension of habeas corpus,
WHS 293, 294;
the case of Bunch, WHS 292;
questions arising from blockade, WHS 340-342;
difficulties over Confederate privateers built in England,
AL i. 376, WHS 343-345, 353, 354;
Lincoln's message on foreign relations, AL i. 377, 378 ;
the " Oreto " affair, AL ii. 171, WHS 346;
escape of " Alabama," AL ii. 172, WHS 347-350, CFA 309,
312-314;
slave trade treaty, WHS 327, CS 223;
mission of Mason and Slidell to England and France, CFA
324-350;

240 TOPICAL INDEX
DIPLOMATIC HISTORY (continued),
seizure of " Florida " by " Wachusett," CS 277, 278;
Palmerston's protest against Butler's New Orleans order,
WHS 342, 343, CFA 248-260;
danger of intervention in 1862-63, WHS 323-326, CFA
281-290, CS 241;
French mediation offered and declined, WHS 325, 326;
affair of the Laird rams, CFA 317-323, 341-343, CS 242,
243;
dealings with Canada over Confederate raids, WHS 354,
355. French Intervention in Mexico, 1863-1867,
attitude of United States toward French schemes in Mexico,
WHS 356-362, CS 220, 221;
Congress protests against establishment of a monarchy in
Mexico, WHS 358, 359;
avoidance of war, WHS 360, 361 ;
French troops withdrawn upon demand of United States,
WHS 391.
The Alabama Question — Dealings with England,
1865-1872,
England repudiates all liability for Alabama depredations,
WHS 352;
refusal of England to arbitrate, CFA 357, CS 341-343;
arbitration agreed upon, WHS 352, CS 342;
Reverdy Johnson's mission to England, CS 357, 364;
Johnson-Clarendon treaty rejected by Senate, WHS 392,
CFA 380, CS 364-368;
Motley's mission to England, CFA 380;
appointment of joint high commission, CS 368;
treaty of Washington, CFA 381, 382, CS 368, 369, 400;
Geneva arbitration proceedings, CFA 382-397, CS 368,
369;
question of claims for indirect damages, CFA 383-395, CS
365-367;
decision of arbitration tribunal, on law and damages, WHS
352, 353, CFA 382-397, CS 368, 369.

TOPICAL INDEX 241
Various Diplomatic Questions, 1865-1872,
difficulties over Fenians, CFA 357;
purchase of Alaska, WHS 393, CS 338, 339;
proposed cession of Canada, CS 370;
attempt to purchase St. Thomas fails, WHS 393-395, CS
361;
treaties made guaranteeing, rights of American naturalized
citizen, CS 355, 356;
question of recognizing Cuban belligerency, CS 370;
treaties to annex San Domingo made and rejected, CS 379-
381, 397.
DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA, SLAVERY IN,
petitions for its abolition presented in Congress, MVB 272,
273, HC ii. 73, 79, DW 273, JCC 123, THB 145, 146,
WHS 70, SPC 46, 47, CFA 32;
question of, regarded with indifference at first, MVB 273,
274, JCC 122, 127;
resolutions on in Senate, HC ii. 81, 82, 156, 160, 161, DW
273-277, JCC 123-132, 315, THB 146, 149;
Lincoln's bill for its abolition, AL i. 80, 81 ;
slave trade in, abolished by compromise of 1850, HC ii.
333, THB 294, AL i. 91, WHS 78, 92, 98, CS 71;
proposal to protect in 1861 by Crittenden compromise,
WHS 215;
abolished in 1862, AL ii. 11, 12, SPC 257, CS 205-207;
attempts of Sumner to secure negro equality in, CS 229,
264,325,344;
attitude of various statesmen on, MVB 274, 275, HC ii.
130, JCC 125-127, AL i. 133, SPC 126.
DISTRIBUTION OF SURPLUS,
see Financial History.
DISUNION, Period of frequent threats, 1775-1820,
proposed separate New England confederation in 1775, BF
211, 212, SA 306;
action of South Carolina in proposing neutrality in 1779,
CS 113, 114;

242 TOPICAL INDEX
DISUNION (continued),
feared by Madison in 1783 as result of financial breakdown
of confederation, JMad 35, 36;
threatened by South in connection with proposal to relin
quish Mississippi navigation, PH 307, 308, 310, 311, 317,
J J 209, JMad 74, 81;
its danger freely asserted in Federal Convention, GM 140,
142, JMad 99-104, 109, GW ii. 36;
threatened by Virginia Republicans in 1795, AG 116, JMad
187;
in whiskey insurrection, AH 180, AG 74, 79;
threatened by Virginia and the South in 1799, PH 408,
409, 413, AH 222, TJ 172, 173, JMad 235, JR 27;
agitated in Southwest in 1802, A J 22, 25;
plotted in New England after 1804, AH 243, JMad 299;
not planned by Burr, JMar 199, A J 25, 26, GM 314;
rise of feeling for in New England during War of 1812,
JMad 298, 300, 301, 312, JQA 216-219, HC i. 82, 99, 106,
THB 28, GM 308-311, AG 213;
connected with Hartford Convention, GM 308, 311, AG 63,
HC i. 121, THB 28;
not connected with slavery in this period, THB 44-46, GM
312. Disunion used by South as threat to compel con
cessions, 1820-1859,
threatened by South at time of Missouri struggle, JMar
148, 151, JQA 119-122, HC i. 176, 186, 195-199, JCC
74;
North not prepared to prevent in 1820, HC i. 198, 199;
becomes a means of defending slavery, THB 144, HCii. 75;
threats of, in connection with tariff, AJ 256, JCC 82;
threatened in case of conflict, by South Carolina in 1832,
A J 260, 261, THB 90, JQA 235, HC ii. 5, 22;
question as to Calhoun's desire for, JCC 303, 318, 326, 341,
THB 149, 151;
advocated by Garrisonian abolitionists, GM 312, JQA 280,
288;

TOPICAL INDEX 243
threatened by Southern extremists in case Texas is not
annexed, THB 264,267, HC ii. .252, JCC 249;
threatened during Wilmot Proviso struggle, MVB 437, HC
ii. 321, 328, 329, 358-361, 374, 389-391, JCC 335, 336,
THB 291, 300, WHS 76, 89, 90, CS 70, 88, TS 74;
danger of, denied by North, WHS 9, 89, MVB 437, SPC 128;
resistance to, planned by Taylor, WHS 94, 95, HC ii. 351,
352;
would have failed if tried in 1850, WHS 95;
mention of, avoided by Douglas and Lincoln, AL i. 157.
Secession attempted, 1859-1865,
growth of feeling for, in South, LC 268, WHS 203, 205;
threatened in case Lincoln is elected, LC 323, SPC 198;
question of its justification, AL i. 158-160, GM 312;
not feared by North at first, CS 178, 179, CFA 118;
impossibility of its peaceful conclusion, WHS 211 ;
carried out in 1860-1861, AL i. 182-187,262-269, SPC 198,
199, CS 179-182;
Buchanan's message upon, AL i. 188-190, LC 341, 342,
WHS 206-209, 265, 266, TS 116-118;
right of, admitted in North, AL i. 192, 193, 231;
advocated for New York city, AL i. 197;
Southern theory of, AL i. 224, 225;
Stevens's argument on, TS 125, 126;
Lincoln's theory of, AL i. 221, 293, 294, SPC 205;
its success makes Union and not slavery the cause of war,
AL i. 226-228, ii. 2, 107, 108;
different movements for, compared, GM 312-314;
views of American statesmen on, PH 323, 409, 413, 418,
GW ii. 22, 267, AH 243-266, JJ 209, TJ 173, 225, JMad
234, 324, HC i. 197, ii. 22, 160, 337, 358-361, 389, JCC
74, 218, 303, 317, 318, 326, 338, 340, 341, 347, THB 267-
270, LC 341, WHS 9, 89, 192, 219-225.
DORR "WAR,
see Rhode Island.
DRAFT RIOTS,
see New York.

244 TOPICAL INDEX
DRED SCOTT,
see Constitution.
EAST INDIA COMPANY,
its share in events leading to American Revolution, BF 175,
SA 212, 219.
ELECTIONS, Colonial Period, 1760-1775,
in Massachusetts, elections under charter, SA 20;
elections to Massachusetts General Court, SA 49, 83, 121,
196, 243, JA 39;
election of Massachusetts convention of towns, SA 110;
choice of delegates to continental Congress, SA 263-268,
JA 51;
in New York, elections to Assembly, GM 18;
defeat of Franklin in Pennsylvania election of 1764, BF 96,
97;
elections to Virginia Assembly, PH 61, 62, TJ 16, GW i.
102. State Elections, 1775-1788,
election to Revolutionary conventions, SA 289, JA 81, GM
29, 30, 40, 51, JJ 30, 37, 39, 48, PH 190, TJ 18, JMad
15, JA81;
choice of delegates to continental Congress, BF 206, SA
309, PH 271, GW i. 127, AH 34, GM 66, 85, JJ 30, 96,
206, TJ 21, 37, 67, JMad 19;
election of governors, BF 403, 404, PH 211, 238, 256, 268,
285, 298, GM 59, T J 51;
elections of state constitutional conventions, JA 154;
elections to state legislatures, PH 275, 303, AH 53, 54,
JMar 55, TJ 62, JMad 17, 18, 45;
choice of delegates to Annapolis Convention, AH 55, JMad
56-59;
choice of delegates to Federal Convention, BF 407, PH
309, GW ii. 30, AH 56, JJ 225, JMon 28;
election of delegates to ratifying conventions, PH 316-318,
AH 70, JJ 228, JMar 56, JMad 112-114, JMon 32.

TOPICAL INDEX 245
Washington's First Term, 1788-1793,
election of Washington, BF 412, GW ii. 42, JA 240-242,
AH 81, AG 40;
elections to first Congress, SA 360, 361, PH 350-353, GW
ii. 41, JMad 118-121, AH 80, 81, JMon 33;
Clinton carries New York in 1789, AH 79, JJ 244, MVB
40;
elections to Pennsylvania Legislature in 1790 and 1791, AG
44, 93, 94;
Jay defeated for Governor of New York by a technicality,
GM 284, J J 244-252, MVB 40;
Washington reelected in 1792, GW ii. 234, 235, JA 251;
election of Gallatin to Senate, 1793, AG 58.
Washington's Second Term, 1793-1797,
elections to Congress in 1794, AG 93;
elections of Samuel Adams as Governor of Massachusetts,
1793-1796, SA 366;
Gallatin elected to Pennsylvania Legislature, AG 93, 94;
Jay elected Governor of New York in 1795, GM 284, JJ 284,
MVB 41;
election of Adams as President, SA 367, JA 253-260, AH
191-194, J J 294, TJ 154-156;
congressional elections of 1796, AG 127, A J 14;
Henry elected Governor of Virginia, PH 406.
Adams's Administration, 1797-1801,
election of Jackson to Senate, A J 14;
Jay reelected Governor of New York, J J 292, GM 285;
congressional elections of 1798 carried by Federalists,
PH 408-420, AH 202, JMar 131-136, AG 158, JR 27-31,
38;
Monroe elected Governor of Virginia, JMon 35;
election of Morris to Senate, GM 285;
Federalists lose New York in election of 1800, JA 319, AH
223, GM 286, J J 295;
presidential election of 1800, JA 311-316, AH 222-^232,
GM 285, 286, TJ 173-178, AG 163;
choice of Jefferson over Burr by House of Representatives,

246 TOPICAL INDEX
ELECTIONS (continued),
AH 232, 233, GM 286, JMar 151-153, TJ 178-185, AG
164-167, JR 49.
Jefferson's First Term, 1801-1805,
Clinton carries New York iu 1801, MVB 41-48;
Clay elected to Legislature in Kentucky, HC i. 33, 49;
J. Q. Adams elected to Senate, JQA 30;
Burr defeated in 1804 for Governor of New York, AH 243,
MVB 43, 44;
presidential election of 1804, TJ 239-241.
Jefferson's Second Term, 1805-1809,
elections in Ohio, LC 47 ;
congressional election of 1806, MVB 43;
Clintonians carry New York, MVB 52 ;
J. Q. Adams defeated for reelection to Senate, JQA 57;
Madison elected President in 1808, TJ 282, 283, JMad 272,
JR 233.
Madison's First Term, 1809-1813,
Federalist and Democratic alternations in New York elec
tions, MVB 39, 52, 53;
elections to Congress in 1811, HC i. 67, JCC 11;
Madison reelected over DeWitt Clinton, JMad 296-301,
MVB 59, HC i. 84;
elections for Congress, JR 246, DW 47.
Madison's Second Term, 1813-1817,
Republicans regain control of New York in 1814, MVB 61,
64, 65;
elections to Congress in 1814, HC i. 125, 126;
Republicans gain New York and New Hampshire, MVB
65, DW 76;
election of Monroe, JMon 128, MVB 74, HC i. 140;
congressional election, HC i. 139, 140.
Monroe's First Term, 1817-1821,
Clinton elected Governor of New York in 1817, MVB 66;
elections to Massachusetts constitutional convention, JA
324;
King elected to Senate from New York, MVB 68-72;

TOPICAL INDEX ¦ 247
Clintonians defeated in New York in 1820, MVB 73;
second election of Monroe, JA 324, AJ 92, MVB 72, 75,
JMon 128.
Monroe's Second Term, 1821-1825,
elections in connection with New York constitutional con
vention of 1821, MVB 77, 86;
election of Van Buren to Senate, MVB 76;
congressional elections of 1822, HC i. 204, DW 125;
election of Jackson to Senate, A J 95;
Kentucky election of 1824, A J 164;
Clinton again chosen Governor of New York, MVB 110;
presidential election of 1824, AG 355-358, JMon 158, JQA
148-169, AJ 102-115, 127, MVB 105-115, HC i. 223-233,
DW 140-143, JCC 53-60, THB 54-56;
election of Adams by House of Representatives, JQA 169-
174, JR 281, AJ 115-117, MVB 118, HC i. 236-248, DW
143, 144, JCC 61, 62.
J. Q. Adams's Administration, 1825-1829,
Randolph elected to Senate, JR284;
Kentucky election of 1826, AJ 172;
Clinton again elected Governor of New York in 1826, MVB
147;
congressional elections of 1826, A J 143, HC i. 276;
Webster elected to Senate, DW 140;
Van Buren elected Governor of New York, MVB 166, HC
i. 342, 343, WHS 14, TS 29;
election of Jackson as President in 1828, JQA 212, AJ 144-
150, 174, MVB 152, 161-166, HC i. 287-289, JCC 64,
WHS 10, 18, THB 63, 64.
Jackson's First Term, 1829-1833,
Randolph defeated for Senate, JR 299;
J. Q. Adams elected to House, JQA 225;
.election of Seward to New York Senate, WHS 15;
Lincoln's first candidacy in 1832, AL i. 38, 39;
reelection of Jackson to presidency, AJ 294-300, 320, 321,
MVB 237-248, HC i. 351, 356, 357, 380-384, THB 89,
WHS 13, 18, TS 30.

248 TOPICAL INDEX
ELECTIONS (continued),
Jackson's Second Term, 1833-1837,
Stevens's career in Pennsylvania elections, TS 31, 33, 46, 50,
56;
Lincoln elected to Illinois Legislature, AL i. 42, 50, 59;
Seward defeated for Governor of New York, WHS 19;
election of Van Buren, AJ 440-445, MVB 256-281, HC ii.
97, 98, DW 218-220, 229, THB 163-167, SPC 86.
Van Buren's Administration, 1837-1841,
Democrats lose in elections of 1837, MVB 342;
congressional elections of 1838, MVB 362, 363;
contested election of 1838 in Pennsylvania, TS 51;
Seward elected Governor of New York, MVB 362, WHS
20,21;
Democrats regain ground in elections of 1839, MVB 369;
presidential election of 1840, MVB 377-391, HC ii. 173-
190, DW 231-233, THB 205-207, LC 155-157, AL 60, 61,
WHS 20, SPC 87, CFA 42, CS 8, TS 57.
Harrison's and Tyler's Administration, 1841-1845,
Democratic gains in elections of 1841, HC ii. 220;
congressional elections of 1842-43, HC ii. 237, TS 61;
New York carried by Democrats, WHS 24, 38;
Whigs gain in elections of 1843, HC ii. 243;
presidential election of 1844, AJ 460, MVB 404-414, HC
ii. 249-268, DW 251-255, JCC 214-216, 243, 250, THB
257-259, 275, LC 202-224, AL i. 71, WHS 43-48, SPC
92, 93, CFA 57, 58, CS 33, TS 62;
Cass elected to Senate, LC 225 ;
Webster elected to Senate, DW 256.
Polk's Administration, 1845-1849,
New York election of 1845, MVB 416;
congressional elections of 1846, HC ii. 287, AL i. 72, 73,
CFA 81, CS 52;
New York election of 1846, MVB 417;
Ohio election of 1846, SPC 94;
Whigs carry New York in 1847, MVB 422;
presidential election of 1848, MVB 423-432, HC ii. 299-

TOPICAL INDEX 249
315, DW 265-267, THB 291, 292, LC 235-261, AL i. 78,
WHS 48-55, SPC 102, CFA 92, CS 56-61;
election of Stevens to House, TS 65;
election of Cass to Senate, LC 266, 269;
election of Seward to Senate, WHS 55;
election of Chase to Senate, SPC 105-112.
Taylor's and Fillmore's Administration, 1849-1853,
ratification of California constitution in 1849, HC ii. 322,
AL i. 87;
election of 1850 in Massachusetts, CS 80;
congressional elections of 1850-51, WHS 81, 101, TS 86;
Mississippi election of 1851, WHS 105;
Massachusetts election of 1851, CS 85;
election of Sumner to Senate, CS 80-85;
presidential election of 1852, MVB 439, 440, HC ii. 397-
405, DW 329-333, THB 304, 305, LC 287-292, WHS
112-114, SPC 132, CS 96, 97;
congressional elections, THB 304, CFA 104.
Pierce's Administration, 1853-1857,
Ohio election of 1853, SPC 149;
Massachusetts election of 1853, CS 100;
congressional elections of 1854, THB 313, LC 300-312,
WHS 133-137, SPC 150, 151;
Massachusetts election of 1854, CS 123;
senatorial election of 1855 in Illinois, AL i. 96-98;
Republicans lose in elections of 1855, WHS 137, 138;
Chase elected Governor of Ohio, SPC 154;
Massachusetts election of 1855, CS 128;
elections in Kansas, LC 317, WHS 153-156, CS 133, 135;
presidential election of 1856, MVB 441, LC 321-323, AL i.
100-102, 111-113, WHS 140-150, SPC 161, CS 155-157,
TS94;
Benton defeated for Governor of Missouri, THB 313, 314;
Cass defeated for Senate, LC 324;
Massachusetts reelects Sumner Senator, CS 157,
Buchanan's Administration, 1857-1861,
elections in Kansas in 1857-58, LC 325, AL i. 104, 105,
WHS 172, 175, 176;

250 TOPICAL INDEX
ELECTIONS (continued),
Ohio reelects Chase Governor in 1857, SPC 162;
the Lincoln-Douglas campaign in Illinois, AL i. 108-110,
119-150, WHS 186;
congressional elections of 1858, AL i. 151, SPC 180, CFA
102, TS 94;
Chase elected Senator in Ohio, SPC 181 ;
presidential election of 1860, MVB 445, LC 338-340, AL
i. 161-179, WHS 193-202, SPC 196, CS 176, 177;
votes on disunion in Southern States, AL i. 184, 186, 187;
elections of 1861 in Confederate States, AL i. 205.
Lincoln's First Term, 1861-1865,
votes on secession in Southern States, AL i. 262-270;
elections in West Virginia, AL ii. 180, TS 188, 190;
congressional elections of 1862, AL ii. 104-126, WHS 331,
SPC 270, CS 234, TS 219-221;
Sumner reelected to Senate, CS 234;
Copperhead elections in Ohio and Indiana in 1863, AL ii.
163,188-192;
Republican gains in 1863, AL ii. 201;
elections in reconstructed States in 1862-63, AL i. 219-
222, TS 231;
presidential election of 1864, AL ii. 245-297, CS 271-277,
TS 226, 256.
Lincoln's and Johnson's Administration, 1865-
1869,
elections in reconstructed States in 1865, WHS 387, TS
248, 249, 304;
congressional elections of 1866, WHS 386, CS 324, TS 277-
284;
presidential election of 1868, SPC 363-369, CFA 378, CS
356, 357;
Sumner reelected to Senate, CS 356.
Grant's First Term, 1869-1873,
presidential election of 1872, CFA 389-392, CS 410-417.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION,
see Slavery.

TOPICAL INDEX 251
ENCOMIUM CASE,
see Diplomatic History.
EMBARGO, recommended by Jefferson and adopted by Congress, TJ
266-268, 274, 275, JMad 268, AG 225, JQA 52, HC i. 71;
behavior of Randolph toward, JR 180, 223-225;
at first upheld by all Republicans, TJ 268, 269;
opposed by New England, JQA 53;
its effects upon commerce, TJ 271, JMad 269, AG 201, 202,
JQA 55, HC i. 72, THB 84;
ignored in Europe, TJ 211, 272, 277, 278, JMad 269; ¦
meets increasing opposition, TJ 276, 279, AG 228, 229,
JQA 55, 56, DW 43, 52, 53;
proposal of Gallatin to enforce, AG 292;
repealed, TJ 280, JMad 271, AG 294, HC i. 73;
its failure, TJ 280, 281, JMad 278, 279.
ENGLAND, Period of American Revolution, 1760-1783,
see also Revolution, Causes of ;
general views of its policy, SA 23, 24, GM 4;
its constitution in eighteenth century, SA 61, 77, 78, MVB
33, 34, 55;
feels contempt for colonies and colonists, GW i. 80-82, SA
22, 25, BF 134, 135, 137, 149, GM 5-7;
adopts new policy toward colonies, SA 35;
debate as to its constitution during discussion of Stamp Act,
SA 72-75;
tries to crush Boston, GW i. 120-126;
despises colonists in War of Revolution, GW i. 148, 155;
sends incompetent officers, GW i. 155, 201, 202, 233;
adopts stupid plans of war, GW i. 203-206, 265, GM 71,
TJ 61;
uses Indians, LC 32, 33;
its ruin predicted, JA 151, 196, GM 108;
aided by Germans in war, GM 103;
wins successes in last year of war, GM 100, 101;
reluctant to admit defeat, SA 198, J J 149;

252 TOPICAL INDEX
ENGLAND (continued),
sincerity of its desire for peace at first doubted, GW i. 324,
325, JJ 181;
see also Diplomatic History.
Period of Commercial Struggle with United States,
1783-1815,
hates United States and tries to hurt them commercially,
GW ii. 24, 25, 171-173, JA 235, AH 50, 53, 172, GM 198-
204, JJ 198, 263, TJ 73-76, JMad 78;
loses chance to have United States as ally, GM ii. 171;
refuses to deliver Northwestern posts, AH 47, 50, GM 197,
198, J J 219, 263, LC 32, 33;
stirs up Northwestern Indians, GW ii. 92, 94, 101, 102, 175,
176, LC 33, 56, 58, 99, 100, 109, 112;
sends Hammond as first minister, GW ii. 169, AH 156;
begins war with France, GW ii. 146, AH 159, JMad 117,
AG 134;
issues provision order about French West Indies, GW ii.
174, 185, AH 174, 189, AG 103;
its policy in Jay treaty, GW ii. 180, 181, 205, GM 201, 202,
263, JJ 265-281, JMad 211;
favored by Federalists, GW ii. 252, 254, 344, AH 215, 257,
JJ 322, JMad 194, 197-205, 215, JMon 43, 47, 66, LC 53,
54;
abhorred by Republicans, TJ 136, 161, 211, 243-245, JMad
135, 214, AG 103, 195, HC i. 49, 51, JCC 14, 15, LC 56;
society in, satirized by Morris, GM 199, 206;
issues Orders in Council in 1798, AH 215;
renews war with France in 1803, JMon 85;
loses carrying trade to United States, JMad 254, 255;
decides not to permit commercial neutrality, TJ 245, 255,
263, JMad 256, 257, AG 224, 225, 295, JQA 37, 38, AJ
31, HC i. 70;
seizes American vessels, TJ 255-257, JMon 94, JR 115,
LC 101;
its overbearing attitude, JMad 214, 215;
ready for war in 1807, TJ 258;

TOPICAL INDEX 253
impresses seamen from American vessels, JMad 258, 262,
JQA 43, 44, HC i. 70;
issues Orders in Council to prevent neutral trade with
Europe, TJ 267, JMad 268, AG 201, 225, JMon 105, JQA
41, 42, JR 162, HC i. 89;
benefited by Embargo, TJ 271-273, 277, 278, JMad 269,
JQA 51-55;
refuses to modify Orders in Council, TJ 278, 290, JMad
280, 281, 286, 305, HC ii. 75, 76;
on eve of War of 1812 repeals Orders, JMad 307, AJ 34,
HC i. 87;
alleged to have plotted with New England Federalists,
JMad 298, 301;
for its action in War of 1812, see Military History ;
opinions as to its diplomacy, AG 304, JQA 145, THB 252;
its policy in Treaty of Ghent, AG 304-311, 313-319, 321,
322, JQA 75-94, HC i. 100-111;
dissatisfied with treaty, JQA 97, HC i. 118;
makes commercial convention with United States, AG 334,
335, JQA 98, HC i. 124.
Period of Boundary and Navigation difficulties
with United States, 1815-1861,
commercial convention of 1818 with, AG 345-347;
suspected by Jackson of stirring up Florida Indians, A J 72;
danger of war with, over Arbuthnot affair, JMon 144, 147;
offers to mediate between Spain and United States in 1819,
JQA 114, 118;
its claim to Oregon, JQA 140-145, HC ii. 278, THB 231,
232;
favors independence of Spanish colonies, HC i. 166;
its aid expected by South in case of disruption in 1821, HC
ii. 337, JCC 74;
tries to induce United States to join in suppression of slave
trade, JQA 135-139;
begins tariff reforms, A J 236 ;
negotiates with United States concerning West India trade,
AJ 214-216, MVB 217-222, HC i. 297-299, THB 165;

254 TOPICAL INDEX
ENGLAND (continued),
social life in, described, JQA 99, 100, MVB 226-228, CS
20-33;
abolishes slavery in West Indies, A J 410;
mediates in 1834 between France and United States, AJ
408, HC ii. 58;
action of English capitalists toward United States in panic
years, MVB 371, HC ii. 127;
drives Canada into insurrection by its policy, MVB 350-
356, DW 241;
wishes United States to assume state debt in 1839, THB
195;
angered over McLeod case, DW 241, 242, LC 176, 177,
WHS 28, 29;
refuses to return slaves, HC i. 301, JCC 202-206;
accepts Ashburton treaty, see Diplomatic History;
makes treaties with European powers and United States
for suppression of slave trade, JCC 209, 210, LC 179;
annoyed at rejection of treaty by France, LC 182;
alleged to wish to annex Texas, HC i. 238, 248, 249, JCC
225-236, THB 263, 271, LC 212, 213;
danger of war with, over Oregon question, HC ii. 281, DW
258, JCC 262-265, LC 227, 228, 230, CS 34;
war with, dreaded by South, JCC 269, 270;
argument that United States should have gone to war with,
THB 237, 238, 246;
its attitude on Cuba, LC 313;
agrees to Declaration of Paris, CFA 200, 201;
abandons right of search, LC 330-336.
Its policy during Civil War in United States, 1861-
1872,
its political condition under Palmerston, CFA 152—154;
its aid hoped for by South, AL i. 369, WHS 276, 277, CFA
161-164, CS 180;
expected to sympathize with North, AL i. 369, WHS 272;
its upper classes hate the United States, AL i. 370, 371,
WHS 275, CFA 279-289, 305, 335, 336;

TOPICAL INDEX 255
middle classes favor the North, CFA 263-265;
proposal of Seward to attack in 1861, AL i. 277, WHS 255, -
257, CFA 168, 180-195;
agrees to act in concert with France, WHS 277, CFA 164;
recognizes belligerency of Confederate States, AL i. 372,
WHS 279-287, CFA 171-174, CS 208;
refuses to allow United States to accede to Treaty of Paris,
WHS 289, 290, CFA 204-207;
acquiesces in blockade of South, AL i. 376, WHS 340-342;
considers Seward hostile, CFA 165-167, 231, CS 208;
threatens war in Trent case, LC 354, AL i. 382, WHS 298,
304, CFA 233-237, CS 209, 210;
complains of martial law in America, WHS 293, 294, CFA
243-248;
execrated by North, AL i. 385, 386;
subscribes to Confederate loans, AL ii. 172, 173;
suffers from cotton famine, CFA 265-271, 276, 277;
fails to detain Confederate privateers, AL ii. 172, 173, WHS
345-353, CFA 306-308, 311, 312, CS 236;
makes treaty to abolish slave trade, WHS 327, CS 223;
joins with France and Spain in Mexico, WHS 356, 357,
CS 220;
upper classes denounce, lower classes applaud, the Emanci
pation Proclamation, AL ii. 132, CFA 291-302;
considers joint intervention with France, WHS 320-323,
CFA 281-289, CS 241;
forced to detain Laird rams, CFA 323, 324, 343, 344;
first refuses, then agrees, to arbitrate Alabama claims, WHS
392, CFA 381, CS 341, 342;
makes Johnson-Clarendon treaty, CFA 380, CS 360, 364;
makes treaty of Washington, CFA 381, 382;
enraged at claims to indirect damages, CFA 386, CS 368;
accepts Geneva award, CFA 395, 396, CS 369.
" ENTERPRISE " CASE,
see Diplomatic' History.
EPISCOPAL CHURCH,
dreaded in New England, SA 24, 93, 94;

256 TOPICAL INDEX
its status in New York, GM 11, 14, 15;
• its condition in Virginia, PH 37, 43, 57;
members of, become Tories, GM 16;
disestablished in Virginia, PH 209, 294, TJ 40, JMad 17,
62-65.
ERA OF GOOD FEELING,
its characteristics, JQA 104-107, HC i. 140, 221, 222, 312,
DW126, 135, 141;
ERIE CANAL,
planned, GM 295;
its origin and construction, MVB 65, 67, HC i. 44;
becomes a political issue, WHS 7, 23.
EXCISE, see Financial History and Whiskey Insurrection.
EXPUNGING RESOLUTIONS,
see Congress.
EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES,
Control of the Mississippi Valley, 1776-1795,
early plans for border colonies, BF 57, 160-163;
George Rogers Clarke's conquest of the Northwest, PH
258-260, 263;
opposition of Spain and France to western expansion of the
United States, BF 375, 380, JA 208, 215, GM 97; J J 109,
113, 142, 166, 179, 191, JMad 37;
western boundaries and Mississippi navigation in the treaty
of peace of 1783, BF 380, JA 213, 216, JJ 109-111, 142,
166-168, 179-181, 188;
vacillating attitude of Congress as to western boundaries,
J J 114, 123, JMad 31, 32;
general la-ck of appreciation of western expansion, GW 117,
GM 79, JMad 140;
proposal of Jay to trade Mississippi navigation for a com
mercial treaty witb Spain, PH 307, GW 15, J J 208-211,
GM 97, JMad 77-82, JMon 27;
views of leading statesmen on Mississippi navigation, PH
310-312, GW ii. 15, 16, JJ 209, 210, TJ 206-208, JMad
31, 32, 81, JMon 27;

TOPICAL INDEX 257
demand of the South for right of Mississippi navigation, PH
307-309, GW ii. 15, 163, 164, AH 209, GM 292, JJ 123,
209, TJ 207, 213, 214, JMad 32, 76, 77, 81, JMon 26, 78,
JR 76, A J 13, 22, 25;
indifference of Northeast to Mississippi navigation, PH 307,
GW ii. 19, GM 79, TJ 208, JMad 77, 78;
Jay's proposal renders South afraid of a closer union with
North in 1788, PH 310, 311, JJ 211, JMad 81, 82;
Pinckney's treaty with Spain opens the navigation of the
Mississippi, GW ii. 165-168, TJ 208, AG, 117, AJ 22;
conquest of western Indians, GW ii. 83-105, AG 117;
settlement of Northwest, LC 1-33, 95-132, AL i. 117;
settlement of Southwest, AJ 6-9, THB 1-20.
Acquisition of Louisiana, 1798-1804,
Genet's plan to invade, GW ii. 161-164;
Miranda's plans of conquest, AH 211-213;
conquest of Louisiana and Florida, planned by Hamilton in
1798, AH 210, 257, 279;
France's acquisition of Louisiana recognized as a danger,
GM 293, 294, TJ 209-212, JMad 247; [294;
seizure of Louisiana proposed by Morris in 1802, GM 293,
Spain withdraws right of deposit at New Orleans, TJ 212,
JMon 78, JR 74, A J 23;
purchase of Louisiana by Monroe and Livingston, GM 294,
TJ 214-226, JMad 246-250, AG 285, 286, JMon 79-96,
JR 74, 83, 84, A J 23;
question of the constitutionality of the purchase, TJ 219,
222, 223, 227, JMad 247, 248, AG 285, JQA 35, JR 87-92 ;
opposition of New England to the annexation, GM 300, TJ
221, 222, 225, JMad 140, JQA 35, JR 85, THB 237.
Expansion in the War of 1812,
conquest of Canada one of the main reasons for the war, TJ
287, 289, JMad 293, 294, 310, JQA 85, 130, HC i. 76, 87,
LC 59, 60.
Acquisition of Florida, 1800-1821,
vagueness of Louisiana boundaries, TJ 219, JQA 110-116,
AJ23;

258 TOPICAL INDEX
EXPANSION OP THE UNITED STATES (continued),
early plans for acquisition of Florida, TJ 220, 246, 287,
JMon 88, 98, 99, JR 76, 83, HC i. 58;
controversy over West Florida boundary, JMon 88, JQA
110, 111, JR 85, 86, 114, 161, A J 24;
annexation of Florida by treaty of 1819, JMon 146, 184-
186, JQA 110-126, 151, AJ 23, 84, 85, MVB 88, HC i.
162-165, THB 38.
Annexation of Texas, 1819-1845,
Burr's plot against Texas, TJ 249, AJ 22, 25, HC i. 34, LC
47-50;
claim to Texas from the Louisiana purchase, JMon 184,
JQA 114-125, A J 84, 85, 412, HC i. 162-164, THB 156;
attempts to buy Texas, AJ 413, 415, HC ii. 88;
origin of State of Texas, AJ 413, 416, 421, MVB 358, HC
ii. 88-91, DW 226, THB 156-160, LC 210;
desire of South for slave territory leads to the demand for
annexation of Texas, AJ 412, 414, 415,418, MVB 404, HC
ii. 89, 90, 92, 251, 260, JCC 232, 236-239, THB 36, 263,
264, LC 211, AL i. 85, 86; [211 ;
attitude of West on Texas, THB 36, 154-156, 264, 267, LC
history of annexation of Texas under Tyler, AG 351, JQA
265, AJ 457, 459, MVB 358, 359, 402-413, HC ii. 236-
260, 272-274, DW 256, 281, 282, JCC 221-254, THB 257,
263-278, LC 211-224, WHS 43, 44-47, 61, CS 42;
question of the constitutionality of annexation by joint reso
lution, AG 351, JQA 266, HC ii. 240-242, 272, DW 282,
JCC 245, 248, 253.
Oregon Question, 1818-1846,
settlement of Oregon, AG 288;
joint occupation, AG 343, JQA 140-147, HC i. 299, 300, ii.
278, THB 46, 59, 249, 250;
" Fifty-four forty or fight," and the demand for the whole
of Oregon, HC ii. 252, 280, DW 258, JCC 260-263, THB
59, 237, 246-293, LC 236;
division of Oregon by treaty of 1846, HC ii. 278-283, DW
258, 259, THB 254, 255, LC 227-230;

TOPICAL INDEX 259
criticism of the United States for not going to war for pos
session of Oregon, THB 235-237.
Conquest of California and New Mexico, 1847-
1849,
causes of the Mexican War, AJ 422, MVB 421, HC ii. 273,
284, JCC 273-277, LC 231, AL i. 85, WHS 67, SPC 120;
part played by desire for California iu causing war, AJ 413,
420, HC ii. 276-282, JCC 277, 278, AL i. 86, WHS 67;
opinions on the war, MVB 421, HC ii. 290, 292, DW 263,
283, JCC 273, 274, 277, 279, 284, 287, THB 279, 280, 291,
LC 231, AL i. 75, 77;
question of annexations after the war, HC ii. 290, DW 263,
264, JCC 305;
treaty of Guadelupe Hidalgo, HC i. 301, AL i. 86, LC 240,
CS 56;
settlement of California after discovery of gold, AG 353,
354, HC ii. 320, LC 262-268, WHS 62,"63, TS 72, 73, SPC
120, CS 65, 69.
Attitude of United States toward Cuba and the
West Indies, 1800-1869,
annexation of Cuba wished by Jefferson, TJ 287; by J. Q.
Adams, JQA 130;
The United States announces its intention to prevent by
force any European intervention in Cuba, AG 324, HC i.
270;
South desires Cuba for slave territory, LC 313, 315;
invasion of Cuba by Lopez, DW 327;
Ostend Manifesto on Cuba, LC 314, CFA 202;
movement to purchase Cuba in 1858, WHS 187, 188;
attempt to purchase St. Thomas, WHS 393, 395, CS 361;
attitude on Cuban belligerency, CS 369, 371;
attempt to purchase San Domingo, CS 379-381.
In the Pacific Ocean,
purchase of Alaska, WHS 393, CS 338, 339.
General Views of Expansion,
results of western expansion, AG 354, JMon 95, THB 36,
45, 50, 232, 233;

260 TOPICAL INDEX
EXPANSION OF THE UNITED STATES (continued),
criticism upon United States for failing to annex all of
North America, THB 235-237, 253.
Opinions of Leading Statesmen on Expansion and
Manifest Destiny,
BF 57, 83, 84, 162, GW ii. 7-9, 15, 16, 163, 165, 218, 321,
322, AH 209-213, 279, GM 97, 98, JJ 112, 122, 211, TJ
287, JMad 249, AG 352, 353, JQA 130, 131, HC i. 207,
208, THB 233, CS 339, 340, 384-399.
"FEDERALIST," its composition, AH 65, 66, JJ 225-227, JMad 111, 112,
GW ii. 40;
its character discussed, AH 66-69.
FEDERALIST PARTY,
Period of Control, 1789-1801,
its elements, AH 124, 128, 134, TJ 155;
holds aristocratic principles, TJ 323-325, JMad 165, 166,
MVB 38, DW 41, 42;
first appears in elections to First Congress, SA 361, GM
121, 122;
takes form in support of Hamilton's financial measures, JA
245, AH 118, TJ101;
becomes a, distinct party as result of Hamilton-Jefferson
controversy, GW ii. 230, 236, JMad 172, 173;
arranges presidential succession to shut out Jefferson, JMad
176, 177;
supports Washington for reelection, GW ii. 235;
forms in New York as opposition to Clinton, J J 244-252;
forces a vote on Giles's resolutions of censure on Hamilton,
AH 148;
its foreign policy discussed, AH 161, AG 100, 101 ;
abhors French Revolution, GW ii. 294, 295;
aided by reaction against Genet, JMad 202, 203, AG 57;
in New York, elects Jay in 1795, JJ 284;
disappointed over Jay treaty, AH 187, TJ 151, AG 118,
133;

TOPICAL INDEX 261
opposes admission of Tennessee,' AJ 13;
discord in, over election of Adams, AH 191-194, TJ 155;
threatened by French government, JMar 116;
in New York reelects Jay, AJ 292;
strengthened by excitement over XYZ affair, GW ii. 285,
AH 202, JMar 126, TJ 160, AG 149;
wishes war with France, J A 293, AH 199, TJ 169, 213;
passes Alien aud Sedition acts, PH 408, AH 218, 219, JMar
146, TJ 172, JMad 231, 233, AG 151, 152, 158, 159, HC
i. 31, 32;
dissensions among its leaders over army appointments,
GW ii. 286-290, 298, AH 204, J A 284-287;
divides upon question of French mission, JA 293, 296, AH
214;
quarrel in, between Hamilton and Adams factions, JA 296-
301, 312, 313, AH 194, 195, 217-219, 222, GM 281, JMad
180, 240, AG 177, JQA 26, 27;
defeated in election of 1800, JA 315, 316, AH 222-232, GM
285, 286, JJ 294-296, JQA 25, 26, TJ 174-178, JMad
240-243, AG 163;
intrigues to elect Burr over Jefferson, AH 232, 233, GM
286, 287, JMar 151, TJ 178-183, AG 164-167, JR 50,
LC53;
passes Judiciary Act, GM 288, JR 61, 62;
causes for its downfall, AH 228, 242, GM 279, 280.
Period of Opposition, 1801-1815,
regards Republicans as enemies of country, AH 220, GM
290, JJ 296, TJ 126, 127, 164, 165, 203, 204, JMad 174-
176;
unpopularity of Adams in, JA 34;
its conduct in opposition, TJ 203, AG 237, JQA 40, JR
71, 72, 215, HC i. 59, LC 53, 54;
controls federal courts, TJ 230;
opposes repeal of Judiciary Act, GM 290, JR 64;
hopes of Jefferson to win it over, TJ 190-192 ;
opposes admission of Ohio, LC 44;
plans for its revival suggested by Hamilton, AH 253-265;

262 TOPICAL INDEX
FEDERALIST PARTY (continued),
opposes acquisition of Louisiana as unconstitutional, GM
293, TJ 219, 222, JQA 35, JR 83-85, 90;
supports Burr against Jefferson, JMar 201, TJ 250, 251,
MVB 43;
dwindles in election of 1804, TJ 239, 241, HC i. 41;
supports Chase in impeachment trial, TJ 230-234, JR 141;
opposes embargo, TJ 267, 268, 273, 275, 280, JQA 53, 55;
discards J. Q. Adams for supporting embargo, JQA 28-30,
57;
becomes a British party, GW ii. 255, GM 291, 310, TJ 264,
JQA 38^10;
begins spoils system in New York, MVB 47;
struggles for control of New York, MVB 44, 51, 52;
opposes War of 1812, GM 306, MVB 61, HC i. 83, 89, 90,
DW 45, 57, 59, JCC 28, THB 28;
coalesces with Clintonian Democrats in election of 1812,
JMad 296-301, MVB 59, HC i. 84; [28;
plots secession, GM 308, 310, TJ 279, JQA 216-219, THB
celebrates fall of Bonaparte, JJ 312;
favors Bank in 1814, DW 62.
Period of Decline, 1815-1828,
collapses after peace of Ghent, GM 315, JMad 319, THB
43, AG 358, JQA 104, 105, MVB 64, 65, HC i. 126;
opposes tariff of 1816, HC i. 130, DW 153;
opposes Bank in 1816, HC i. 133;
makes poor showing in election of 1816, HC i. 140;
not friendly to Monroe, JMon 129;
members of, not appointed to office by Monroe, AJ 62, 63;
attempts of Monroe to conciliate, JMon 139, MVB 89;
supports Dartmouth College against New Hampshire in
Dartmouth College case, DW 73, 74;
its relations with Jackson, A J 99, 112, HC i. 225, 226;
disappears from elections after 1820, MVB 72, 88, HC i.
221, DW125, 126;
its support sought by candidates in 1824, D W 127, 143, JCC
60;

TOPICAL INDEX 263
its members continue to dislike J. Q. Adams, AJ 125, HC
i. 259, 317, DW 141;
joins Whig party, HC i. 317;
its influence in historical writing, TJ 305;
opinions on it, PH 397-399, GW ii. 244-247, 259-261, 269-
274, JA 246, JMar 59, 60, TJ 101-109, 111, 123, 135, 153,
157, 162, 163, JMad 186, 194, 197-206, 215, AG 103, JMon
30-32, 68-70, JQA 59-62, JR 58, 112, 113, MVB 5, 39.
FINANCIAL HISTORY,
Colonial Period, 1740-1775,
Massachusetts Land Bank, SA 31, 32;
Hutchinson leads Massachusetts to redeem paper money, S A
252;
paper money plan in New York, GM 20, 21.
Finances of Revolution, 1775-1782,
difficulties in raising money owing to lack of power in Con
gress, BF 304, 305, GW i. 259, AG 171;
methods adopted, BF 305, 306, AG 171, JJ 118;
description of foreign loans, BF 306, 307, 311, 317, 319,
327, 334, 337, JMad 28;
part played by foreign ministers in securing aid, BF 307-
336;
proposals to repay loans in American produce, BF 311;
attempts to raise credit in Europe, BF 311, GM 79, 80, 86-
88, JJ 100, 101;
difficulties of France in raising money, BF 319;
bad faith on part of Congress, BF 322, 326, 332;
failure of Congress to advise ministers of bills drawn on
them, BF 312-314, 318, 320,326, 332, JMad 28, JJ 118, 119;
failure to gain help from Spain, BF 307, 321, 322, 332, JJ
119, 120;
failure to gain loan from Holland, BF 328, 331, 332;
status of loans at treaty of peace, BF 335, 336;
issues of paper money during war, GW i. 258, JMad 21,
GM20, 21, 32, AG 171;
effects of paper money, GW i. 258, 262, AH 26, 27, JMad
21, J J 100, AG 171;

264 TOPICAL INDEX
FINANCIAL HISTORY (continued),
difficulties in paying army, GW i. 258;
efforts of Robert Morris and Gouverneur Morris at reform,
GW i. 259, 264, 312, AH 34, GM 89-94, AG 172-174;
partial repudiation by Congress in 1780, JA 172, 173;
proposals to collect supplies and pay in certificates, JMad
22;
suggestions of Hamilton and Madison for reform, AH 26-
29, JMad 21;
collapse of finances at end of war, GW i. 280, 290, 312, AH
38, JMad 20, AG 171.
Finances of Confederation, 1783-1789,
status of debt, JMad 28, AG 172;
establishment of Bank of North America, GM 89, AG 172,
248-250;
failure of import scheme, AH 38, 39, JMad 33;
failure to get grants from States, AH 39;
resignation of Morris, AG 173;
Gouverneur Morris's report on coinage, GM 90-93, AG 172;
failure of five per cent, scheme, JMad 33-38 ;
paper money craze in the States, JMad 67, AH 47, AG 257;
mismanagement by Treasury Board, AG 173, 174;
bankruptcy in 1787, GM 109, 110, GW ii. 105, 106.
Federalist Organization, 1789-1801,
enactment of first tariff, GW ii. 112-115;
organization of Treasury Department, AH 85, 86, TJ 88,
AG 243, 244;
Hamilton's report on public credit, GW ii. 107, AH 87-95,
AG 74;
funding of federal and state debt, GW ii. 107, 108, AH 115-
127, TJ 88-91, AG 174, 175, JMad 144-152;
establishment of National Bank, GW ii. 109, AH 98-102,
129, TJ 106, 107, AG 175, 250-252;
passage of excise law, GW ii. 123, AH 95, 96, 127, AG 175;
establishment of sinking fund, AH 92, 93, AG 176;
report on Mint, AH 105, 127, 128, AG 175;
report on public lands, AG 237;

TOPICAL INDEX 265
speculation and crisis in 1791-1792, AH 131, TJ 105, 106,
108, 112;
new taxes rejected in 1792, AH 145, 146;
general survey of Hamilton's career in Treasury Depart
ment, AH 94, 131-133, AG 176;
administration of Hamilton's successors, AG 176-178;
attacks by Gallatin on Federalist management, AG 69, 106,
107, 184, 185;
new loans in 1798, AG 178;
receipts from public lands, AG 238;
status of finances iu 1800, AG 178.
Jeffersonian Finances, 1801-1812,
Republican financial policy, TJ 237, 288, AG 186-215, 278;
Gallatin's financial principles, AG 188, 191, 198;
the situation in 1801, AG 186, 187, 190;
reduction of taxes, TJ 237, 238, AG 204, 205, 218-221;
abolition of excise, AG 221 ;
effect of European peace on American revenue, AG 219;
reduction of debt, TJ 237, 238, AG 191-193, 198, 202-206;
Louisiana payment, AG 193-195;
Mediterranean fund, AG 222;
conversion of debt, AG 198;
summary of revenues, AG 221-223;
summary of Gallatin's administration for Jefferson's first
term, AG 197;
receipts from public lands, AG 238, 239;
Gallatin's departmental administration, AG 243-246;
growth of a surplus, AG 226, 227;
effects of embargo on Treasury, AG 204, 227-230;
Gallatin's estimates of war revenues, AG 199-202,206-209,
225, 229;
necessity for new revenue after embargo, AG 228, 229;
enmity of private banks to United States Bank, AG 259;
refusal of Congress to recharter Bank, AG 231, 252-255;
effect of the expiration of United States Bank upon Trea
sury, AG 259, 260;
opinion on Gallatin's administration, AG 215.

266 TOPICAL INDEX
FINANCIAL HISTORY (continued),
Finances of the New Republicans, 1812-1829,
estimates of war finances in 1812, AG 210, 211, 231, 232, 235;
issue of Treasury notes, AG 207, 210;
loan of 1812, AG 209,211;
war loan of 1813 fails in New England and the South, AG
212-214, 261, HC i. 99;
increase of debt, AG 215, 218;
war taxation, AG 232-235;
renewal of internal taxes in 1813, AG 235-237;
growth of state banks, AG 257-263, AJ 265;
suspension of banks and distress of Treasury in 1814, AG
262, 263, AJ 48, 49, 154, MVB 287, 288, HC i. 131, 132;
paper money proposed by Jefferson, AG 264;
Bank bill of 1815 vetoed by Madison, AG 265, AJ 265 ;
charter of second Bank of United States in 1816, AG 265,
A J 266-268;
unwise management of Bank, AG 266, A J 268;
resumption of specie payments in 1817, AG 267, AJ 268;
establishment of state banks in Southwest, AJ 156, 160-
162, HC i. 203;
panic of 1819, AJ 93, 94, 155, 156, 268, HC i. 212, 213;
public demand for inflation, AJ94, HC i. 213;
conduct of Treasury by Crawford during panic, AJ 106;
rage of Western banks against United States Bank, AJ 160,
THB 116;
the Kentucky " relief movement," AJ 156-175;
debtor's relief and stay laws, AJ 161 ;
establishment of inflation by Bank of Commonwealth of
Kentucky, AJ 161-165, 173, 174;
end of " relief " system in victory of sound money, AJ 173;
successful administration of Bank by Cheeves, AJ 269;
Biddle's presidency of Bank, AJ 269-271, THB 104;
beginning of use of branch drafts, A J 270;
decisions of Supreme Court uphold national Bank and annul
state banks, A J 166-169, 174, 175;
disappearance of Republican theories, AG 265, 266.

TOPICAL INDEX 267
Jacksonian Finances — the Bank Struggle, 1829-
1843,
good condition of currency in 1829, AJ 281, THB 104;
report of Gallatin on value of gold and silver, AG 268;
Jackson's attack on tbe Bank, AJ 277-281, 285, 288, THB
104-109;
refusal of protectionists to allow reduction of duties, MVB
297-299, HC ii. 119, 120;
extinction of public debt, AG 241, 269-271 ;
Bank petitions for a recharter, A J 300;
discussion of Jacksonian charges against Bank, AJ 302, 311,
THB 109-111;
criticism of Biddle's defense of Bank, AJ 311-316, THB
110;
dealings of Bank with Barings, AJ 339-341 ;
critical situation in West arising from use of branch drafts,
A J 342, 343;
removal of deposits from Bank, AG 269, 270, AJ 345-
356, 361, MVB 249-251, THB 116;
financial distress resulting from attack on Bank, AJ 352,
355, 360, 369-371, MVB 252-254, HC ii. 29, 30, 37, 40;
choice of deposit banks, AJ 356-360, 385, 386, MVB 254,
295, HC ii. 51, 52, 116, 120, THB 167, 168;
Supreme Court allows state " banks " by its decision in case
of " Briscoe vs. Bank of Commonwealth of Kentucky," AJ
426,427;
career of United States Bank under Pennsylvania charter,
AG 271, 272, A J 395^01, THB 123;
state bank development to 1837, AG 271, AJ 372-374, 393,
HC ii. 52, 117, 118;
land speculation mania, MVB 291-294, HC ii. 117-119,
THB 137, 138, 163;
inflation in 1836, AG 272, AJ 377-380, MVB 308-312, HC
ii. 115, THB 168;
distribution of surplus, AG 271, AJ 382-387, MVB 300-
302, HC ii. 121, 123, 127, THB 129, 134-137, 171, JCC
150, 151;

268 TOPICAL INDEX
FINANCIAL HISTORY (continued),
hard-money proposals of Jackson, AJ 371, 388-392, THB
122, 123;
specie circular, AJ 392-394, MVB 304, HC ii. 125, 126,
THB 139, DW 227;
panic of 1837, AG 272, 273, AJ 450, MVB 305, 309, 311,
316-323, HC ii. 127, 128, THB 171-173;
Van Buren's recommendations, MVB 327-333, THB 175;
remedies proposed by Whigs, MVB 333-337;
postponement of fourth deposit of surplus, MVB 338, HC
ii. 136, THB 175, 177;
issue of Treasury notes, MVB 338, 339, HC ii. 137, THB
176;
financial legislation, MVB 337-339, 341;
practical existence of Independent Treasury after panic,
MVB 346;
resumption of specie payments begun by New York banks
under lead of Gallatin, AG 273-276, MVB 342, 348, 349,
THB 179, 180, HC ii. 143, 144;
resumption opposed by United States Bank, AG 274, 276,
THB 179;
revival of business, MVB 348, 370, 371;
panic of 1839, AG 276, MVB 371, THB 184;
passage of Sub-Treasury Act, MVB 347, 348, THB 184;
repeal of Sub-Treasury Act, THB 218, HC ii. 205;
passage of bankruptcy bill, THB 218;
issue of Treasury notes, THB 228;
discussion of results of Tyler's bank vetoes, HC ii. 211;
continued financial depression, HC ii. 221;
increase of public debt, HC ii. 221;
state indebtedness and repudiation, HC ii. 212, THB 194,
195, 220;
bill to distribute proceeds of public lands, HC ii. 211, 212,
THB 219-221.
Finances during Slavery Struggle, 1844-1860,
passage of Independent Treasury Act in 1846, MVB 377;
panic of 1857, TS 104;

TOPICAL INDEX 269
bad condition of Treasury under Cobb in 1860, SPC 216,
220;
tariff of 1860, TS 105, 106.
Finances of Civil War, 1861-1869,
Chase's conduct as Secretary of Treasury, AL ii. 170, 171,
SPC 206, 207, 216-220, TS 143, 144, 180, 181;
war estimates of Lincoln and Chase in 1861, SPC 221, TS
139-141 ;
difficulties in way of securing revenue, TS 141-143, SPC
222, 223;
loan bills of 1861, TS 144, 153, 155;
taxation of 1861, TS 145-148;
decline of credit, TS 153, SPC 230;
refusal of Chase to permit banks to guard coin reserves, TS
155-157, SPC 231;
early issues of Treasury notes, SPC 240, 241 ;
suspension of specie payments by banks in December, 1861,
SPC 231-233, TS 156;
failure of revenue expedients of 1861, TS 158, SPC 233,
234;
estimates for second year of war, SPC 235-237, TS 158,
159;
issue of legal tender notes, SPC 245-247, CS 220, TS 160-
167;
discussion of wisdom of issue of legal tender notes, SPC
248-250, TS 168-178;
summary of war loans, SPC 241-243, TS 174;
war taxation of 1862 and following years, SPC 238-240, TS
178-181;
reluctance of Chase to request heavy taxes, TS 175, 176,
SPC 249;
Chase's loan policy discussed, SPC 288, 289, TS 176, 177;
establishment of national bauking system, SPC 276-283,
CS 267, 268, TS 174, 175;
criticisms of war expenses as excessive, TS 186;
depreciation of legal tender notes, SPC 283-285;
proposal to pay interest of debt iu paper, TS 204-206;

270 TOPICAL INDEX
Financial history (continued),
attempt to restrict gold speculation by law, SPC 252, 285-
288, TS 208;
proposals after war to repudiate debt, CS 352, 353;
resumption of specie payment urged by Sumner, CS 356,
376, 377;
abolition of income taxes urged by Sumner, CS 377.
FISHERIES, debated in treaty of peace in 1783, BF 380, 399, JA 213,
214, 217, 218, JJ 109, 138, 143, 169, 173, 174, 182, 188,
189, 192, 193, 194;
discussed in treaty of Ghent in 1814, AG 322, JQA 80, 88-
90, 92, 94, HC i. 110,111;
settled in convention of 1818, AG 335, JQA 99.
FLETCHER vs PECK,
see Constitution.
FLORIDA, suggested by Franklin in 1775 as member of confederation,
BF208;
its disposition in peace of 1783, J J 168, 198;
its seizure urged by Hamilton in event of war with France
and Spain, AH 209, 279;
western part of, claimed by United States under Louisiana
treaty, JR 85, A J 23, HC i. 58;
its acquisition expected by Jefferson, TJ 287;
plan to buy in 1807, AG 285, JMon 88, 98, 99, JR 76, 83,
161, HC i. 58-62;
its occupation authorized by Congress, JR 86, AJ 24;
used as base by English in War of 1812, A J 42, 43, 65;
invaded by Jackson in War of 1812, AJ 43, 44;:
entered by Jackson in Indian campaign of 1818, JMon 143,
144, JQA 159, AJ 66-76, HC i. 151, 152, JCC 87, 92, LC
133;
ceded by Spain in treaty of 1819, JMon 146, JQA 110-115,
151, A J 84, MVB 88, HC i. 162, THB 37;
dispute over land grants in, JQA 116, 117, 124;
its seizure, during lapse of negotiations, urged by Adams,
JQA 111, 123, HC i. 163;

TOPICAL INDEX 271
Jackson's career in, as governor, A J 85-90;
controversies over land grants in, AJ 87, 88;
attempts to prohibit slave trade with, MVB 93, 94, HC ii.
161, 162, LC 330;
governorship of Eaton in, LC 138;
Seminole War in, THB 185-190;
proposal of Benton to encourage settlement in, THB 190,
194;
admitted by South as a State to balance Iowa, WHS 61;
secedes in 1861, AL i. 183, 186, CS 180;
passes vagrant and labor contract laws after the war, to
regulate negroes, TS 252, 253;
refusal of Congress to recognize its reconstructed govern
ment, CS 309, 310;
carpet-bag government in, TS 300.
FORCE BILL,
asked for by Jackson, A J 332, HC ii. 9, DW 208, LC 150;
introduced and debated in Congress, AJ 334, DW 209-213,
JCC 106-108, THB 94;
passed together with compromise tariff, AJ 336, 337, HC ii.
17, 20, DW 213, JCC 105, THB 94, 96;
nullified by South Carolina, A J 337, 338;
motion of Calhoun to repeal, JCC 106;
its effect, LC 150, 151.
FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT,
see Constitution.
FRANCE, Period of American Colonization, 1754-1763,
its colonial policy, LC 15;
causes exploration of West, LC 3, 4;
its relations with Indians, LC 4-11;
life of its colonists in Northwest, LC 11-29;
takes possession of Ohio valley, GW i. 65;
defeated in Seven Years' War, GW i. 71-94.
Alliance with United States, 1763-1789,
takes interest in American taxation controversy, BF 137;
looked upon as probable ally of colonies, BF 222, PH 194,
198, 199, GWi. 191;

272 TOPICAL INDEX
FRANCE (continued),
its intervention suggested by Beaumarchais and Vergennes,
BF 226-228;
popular sentiment in, favors colonies, JJ 130, 131 ;
recognizes Washington's generalship, GW i. 200;
shows popular enthusiasm over Franklin, BF 233-235;
gives secret assistance, BF 251, J J 134;
its policy due to self-interest, BF 252, 285, 368, 375, 380,
391, 396, JA 156, 159, AH 50, GM 105-107, JJ 129-146,
AG 131;
makes treaty of alliance in 1778, BF 273-279, GW i. 241,
GM 76, J J 107, 135;
its family alliance with Spain, JJ 107, 113, 125", 129, 130,
150, 151;
involved in war with England, BF 285, GM 100, 101;
gives colonies financial assistance, BF 307-336;
declines to attack Canada, GW i. 256, GM 77;
sends army and fleet to America, GW i. 274, 277;
view of part played by it in war of Revolution, GW i. 318,
319, AH 20, GM 42; ,
ready for peace in 1782, J J 149;
wishes to prevent United States from gaining too much in
treaty of peace, BF 375, 376, 380, 391, 394, JA 200, 209,
GM 105, 106, JJ 137, 138, 159, 160, 166-174, 182, 190, 191 ;
surprised at conclusion of treaty, J J 196, 197;
its policy toward United States after war, AH 153, TJ 71 ;
declines to make commercial treaty, JJ 213, TJ 71;
society in, before the Revolution, GM 152-159, 162, 171-
187, 213-215, 235.
Revolutionary Period, 1789-1799,
liberal movement in, GM 153-157, 160, 161;
revolution in, begun, TJ 76, 78;
Anglomania in, GM 159;
judgments of Morris on nobles, GM 149, 150, 181, 228;
people considered unfit for self-government, GM 147, 148,
160-163, 166 ;
opinions on States General, GM 115, 154, 164, 209, 212;

TOPICAL INDEX 273
abolishes pensions, GM 179;
urged by Morris to attack England to stop Revolution, GM
210;
friendliness of United States toward, JR 156, 157, AH 153,
JMad 209;
revolution in, applauded in America, GW ii. 138-142, AG
131, GM 165, 166, TJ 130, 131;
has success in war with Empire, GM 246-248;
declares war against England, TJ 132, 133, JMad 195;
question of its relations to United States uuder treaty of
1778, GW ii. 143-147, 169-171, AH 155, 162, JMar 92-
95, JMad 193, 199;
tries to drive United States into active alliance, GW ii. 149,
AG 131, 132;
commits excesses in Europe, GW ii. 294, JMon 40;
society in, during Reign of Terror, GM 235;
demands recall of Morris, GW ii. 211, JA 269, GM 254;
Convention receives Monroe, JMon 49-52;
receives American flag, JMon 54, 55;
sends tricolor to Congress, AG 130, J Mon 66;
dealings of Monroe with, JMon 46, 61 ;
abrogates treaty of 1778, GW ii. 171, AH 163, 164, JMon
64;
angry at Jay treaty, JMar 101, JMad 220, JMon 62;
conquers Holland, JQA 20 ;
abhorred by Federalists, PH 393, GW ii. 253, AH 169, 170,
225, JMar 126-128, JMon 42-47;
sympathized with by Republicans, GM 292, TJ 142, 148,
149, 171, JMad 136, 192-194, 197, 203, AG 116, LC 54;
commits aggressions on United States commerce, JMar 101,
102, JMad 219;
gives ovation to Monroe on his departure, JA 270, GM 261,
JMon 66;
refuses to receive Pinckney, AH 178, JMar 102, AG 132,
JMon 65;
encouraged by military successes of 1797, AG 139;
tries to corrupt American ministers in X Y Z affair, GW ii.

274 TOPICAL INDEX
FRANCE (continued),
284, JA 274, 278, AH 201, JJ292, JMar 104-115, TJ 160,
168, JMad 230, A J 31;
quasi war with, in 1798, GW ii. 291-293, AH 213, JMar
103, TJ 171, AG 147-151.
Napoleonic Period, 1799-1815,
honors Washington, GW i. 3, 6 ;
makes commercial treaty with United States, AG 162;
acquires Louisiana from Spain, TJ 209, 210, JMon 78;
war with, threatened by Jefferson, GM 293, 294, JMon 76,
JR 74, 82, TJ 211, 217;
sells Louisiana to United States, TJ 218, JMon 79, 80, 85,
JR83;
governed despotically by Napoleon, JMon 95, 96;
its attitude in Florida negotiations, JMon 88, JR 161-164;
orders United States to stop trade with San Domingo, JR
185, 186;
its commercial policy toward United States, TJ 255, 263,
JMad 282-284, AG 229, JMon 110, JQA 41, 42, 46, HC i.
69;
decline of Republican friendliness toward, TJ 243, JMad
242, 267, 291-293;
indifferent to embargo, TJ 272;
deceives United States by false assertions about revocation
of commercial decrees, HC i. 74-76, 87 ;
partiality of Madison for, JMad 287, 288, HC i. 77;
confiscates United States vessels, TJ 278, JMad 266, 267,
285, 286, HC i. 74, 76;
war with, threatened, JMad 294 ;
revokes decrees in 1812, JMad 304-307;
invades Russia, JQA 74;
the Hundred Days in, AG 326, JQA 98.
Period of Peaceful Commercial Relations, 1815-
1861,
refuses to pay for all seizures under Berlin and Milan de
crees, AG 333;
opposes war between Spain and United States in 1818, AG
336, JQA 118;

TOPICAL INDEX 275
objects to right of search at congress of Aix-la-Chapelle,
AG 337, JQA 138;
complains of seizure of Apollon, AG 338;
makes commercial convention with United States, AG 340,
A J 216-218, HC ii. 53;
fails to pay spoliation claims, AG 340, 341, AJ 314, 402,
HC ii. 53, 54, DW 224, LC 167;
complained of by Jackson, AJ 402-404, HC ii. 54, THB
131, 132, LC 167;
revolution of 1830 in, AG 370-372;
has diplomatic rupture with United States, JQA 238, AJ
405, HC ii. 55-58, LC 167;
refuses to pay claims until Jackson explains, AJ 405, 406,
HC ii. 58;
retaliation against, proposed by Jackson, AJ 407, 408, DW
224, JCC 182;
accepts English mediation, AJ 408, HC ii. 58;
pays indemnity, A J 408, MVB 216, LC 167, 168;
Cass's life in, LC 168, 169;
Cass's opinion of July monarchy, LC 169-175;
mediates between Mexico and Texas, HC ii. 239, JCC 225;
agrees to treaty to suppress slave trade, LC 179;
at Cass's suggestion, retracts its consent, LC 181, 182;
revolution of 1848 in, CS 61;
Napoleon's coup d'etat in, HC ii. 395;
suggests that United States join it in guaranteeing Cuba,
LC 313;
agrees to Declaratiou of Paris against privateering, CFA
200, 201.
Period of Sympathy with South, 1861-1870,
its sympathy expected by North, CFA 152, 172;
attack upon, proposed by Seward in 1861, WHS 255-257;
proposes to act in concert with England and Russia as re
gards the Confederacy, WHS 277, CFA 164, 169;
recognizes belligerency of South, AL i. 371, WHS 282, CS
208;
declines to withdraw recognition of belligerency, WHS 323;

276 TOPICAL INDEX
FRANCE (continued),
ready to join England in case of war over Trent affair, AL
i. 385, WHS 322;
suffers from cotton famine, CFA 271 ;
considers joint intervention, WHS 320, 321, CFA 249, 261;
suggests joint mediation, WHS 325, CFA 278, 290;
offers mediation, AL ii. 173, WHS 325, CS 241;
influenced by Seidell's intrigues, as Confederate agent, CFA
326, 327, 334;
joins with England and Spain to intervene in Mexico, WHS
356, CS 220;
aids monarchical party in Mexico, WHS 357;
denounced by Congress, CS 238, 239, 250;
asks Seward whether United States wishes peace or war,
WHS 360, 361;
seizes Confederate cruisers, CFA 351 ;
withdraws troops from Mexico, WHS 362 ;
buys arms, illegally, from United States during war with
Prussia, CS 407, 408.
FREDERICKSBURG, see Military History.
FREEDMAN'S BUREAU,
see Reconstruction.
FREE-SOIL PARTY,
Whig and Democratic elements, MVB 418-424, HC ii. 306,
310, LC 251, CFA 90-92, CS 58;
called for by Ohio Free Territory Convention, LC 251, SPC
96, 97;
organized at Buffalo Convention, MVB 427, HC ii. 312, LC
253-254, AL i. 86, SPC 98-101, CFA 91, 92, CS 59;
its platform, MVB 428, HC ii. 312, LC 253;
nominates Van Buren and Adams, MVB 428, HC ii. 312,
LC 253, 254, WHS 49, 50;
fails to attract anti-slavery Whigs, HC ii. 313, D W 266, 287,
CFA 96, 97;
joined by Liberty party, HC ii. 311 ;
denounced by old parties, HC ii. 314, DW 318;

TOPICAL INDEX 277
its vote in election of 1848, MVB 431, 432, HC ii. 314, THB
292, LC 256-260, SPC 102, CFA 92, 93;
elects members of Congress, WHS 68, TS 70-72;
relations of Van Buren with, after election, MVB 435;
makes coalitions with Democrats, SPC 102, 104, CS 63, 75-
77, 85;
damaged by Webster's Seventh of March speech, DW 315,
CS 73, 74;
disrupted in Ohio, SPC 110;
denounced for not supporting compromises, DW318,LC 285;
supports Hale for President in 1852, MVB 439, LC 290,
SPC 132, CFA 102, CS 96, 97;
gains ground in Ohio in 1853, SPC 150, CS 99, 100;
denounces Kansas-Nebraska bill, LC 301, CS 100;
ready to join a new party, WHS 135, 136, CS 122;
judgments upon its career, DW 307, LC 252, THB 292,
SPC 102, CFA 96-99.
FREE TRADE,
opinions of statesmen concerning, PH 291, 292, AH 110,
112, AG 240-243, DW 155, 160, 162, 164, THB 60, 61, 79.
FRENCH AND INDIAN "WAR,
see Military History.
FRENCH REVOLUTION,
general discussion, GM 147-150, 161, 164, 165, AG 327,
328;
events of, GM 174, 191, 194-196, 208, 209, 216, 217, 222,
226, 228, 232-240, 246-260;
its effect upon United States, PH 398, AH 157, 158, 199,
215, GM 260, JJ 252, TJ 131, JMad 207, AG 57, 100, 102,
JCC 14;
compared with American Revolution, AH 253, 254, GM 115-
117, JJ 33;
Morris's judgments concerning, GM 168, 174, 187-194, 212,
213, 220, 224, 228-230, 243;
favorable opinions of, BF 415, GW ii. 139, AH 168, 253,
254, GM 254, JJ 256, 263, TJ 77-80, 87, 131, 137, JMad
193, 194, AG 56, 57;

278 TOPICAL INDEX
unfavorable views of, PH 398, 409, GW ii. 140, 144, JA
251, AH 158, 258-269, GM 256-260, JJ 256, 289, TJ 130,
JMad 195.
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW,
first law of 1793, SPC 32, 33;
its constitutional status, SPC 71, 77;
necessity for a new one, HC ii. 332, WHS 70, TS 74;
proposed in Compromise of 1850, HC ii. 332, 333, WHS 78,
92, CS 71;
debated and passed, HC ii. 363, THB 300, LC 283, AL i.
91, WHS 85, 86, 92, SPC 126, 130, TS 75, 86;
denounced in Northern States, HC ii. 376, DW 294-298,
LC 283, 284, 286, 287, WHS 98-102, 105, 204, SPC 130,
CS74;
upheld by Clay and others, HC ii. 388, LC 284;
its enforcement demanded by South, HCii. 402, WHS 102;
blocked by Personal Liberty Laws, SPC 163-170, CS 121,
122;
revision proposed in 1861, WHS 215, 216;
repealed, CS 261.
GADSDEN TREATY,
see Diplomatic History.
GAG RULE,
struggle of J. Q. Adams against, JQA 250-252, 256, 258,
260, 305;
repealed, JQA 306;
approved by Van Buren, MVB 380, 381.
" GASPEE,"
burned in Rhode Island, SA 184, TJ 16.
GEORGIA, appoints Franklin its agent in England, BF 138 ;
willing for sake of Spanish alliance to abandon Mississippi
navigation, JMad 32;
stronghold of Loyalists during Revolution, GM 7;
fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59;
makes free slave trade the condition of coming into Union,
GM 139, JMad 109;

TOPICAL INDEX 279
quarrels with Creek Indians and asks aid of United States,
GWii. 90, 91;
dissatisfied with Indian treaty, disregards it, GWii. 91, 103;
defendant in case of Chisholm us Georgia, J J 252-255;
authorizes corrupt Yazoo land grants and then annuls them,
JR23;
incorporates repeal in its constitution, JR 102;
cedes western territory to United States, JR 103 ;
not involved in case of Fletcher vs Peck, JR 104 ;
becomes leader in States' rights struggles, JR 253 ;
not consciously influenced by slavery, THB 44, 45;
nominates Van Buren for vice-president in 1824, AJ 107,
MVB 108;
urges United States to buy Indian lands, AJ 220, 221, 223;
begins to survey Creek lands, A J 222, DW 137;
has controversy with Adams on subject, AJ 222, 224, DW
137, 138;
passes law seizing Cherokee lands, A J 224;
refuses to obey Supreme Court in case of Worcester vs
Georgia, A J 225-228, MVB 203, HC i. 347, THB 44,45,
LC 161;
sympathized with by Jackson, AJ 226, MVB 203, 204, THB
100, 101, LC 161;
declares tariff and internal improvements unconstitutional,
A J 255, 335, THB 84;
threatens secession and nullification, AJ 256, 257;
later turned by Crawford and others against nullification,
A J 256, 335;
nominates Clay in 1842, HC ii. 230;
approves compromise of 1850, HC ii. 374, 375;
carried by secessionists in 1861, after a struggle, AL i. 182-
¦ 187, TS 115, CS 180;
carpet-bag government in, TS 301;
brings suit against Stanton, SPC 349.
GERMANTOWN,
see Military History.

280 TOPICAL INDEX
GERRYMANDER, used by Henry in Virginia against Madison, PH 351, 352,
JMad 120, 121.
GETTYSBURG, see Military History.
GHENT, PEACE OF,
see Diplomatic History.
GIBBONS vs OGDEN,
see Constitution.
GREECE, revolts from Turkey, HC i. 208, DW 128;
sympathy for, in United States, HC i. 208, 209, JMon 203,
204;
proposal to recognize, DW 128-130;
attitude of Adams's administration toward, JQA 134, DW
131.
GUILFORD COURT HOUSE,
see Military History.
HABEAS CORPUS,
suspended during Civil War, AL i. 286-291, WHS 293-295.
HARTFORD CONVENTION,
its purpose, JMad 311 ;
dreaded by Republicans as plotting secession, GM 308, JMad
312;
controlled by moderate Federalists, GM 309;
its resolutions and results, GM 311, JMad 312, THB 28;
commented upon, DW 56, 57, 170, 172.
HARVARD COLLEGE,
its condition in eighteenth century, SA 6, 126, JA 3;
studies of various statesmen at, JA 2, JQA 17, CS 5-10,
CFA 11;
gives degrees to eminent Americans, BF 43, JJ 238, JQA
241, 242, A J 350, MVB 255, LC 153;
connection of Gallatin with, AG 17, 18;
offers presidency to C. F. Adams, CFA 379.

TOPICAL INDEX 281
HAYTI, represented at Panama Congress, JQA 191, HC i. 269, 270,
THB 58, 59;
lamentable results of emancipation in, THB 140, 141 ;
question of its recognition by United States, JQA 259, HC
i. 302, AL ii. 18, CS 221, 222;
connected with San Domingo annexation scheme, CS 380,
381.
HEPBURN vs GRISWOLD,
see Constitution.
HIGHER LAW,
discussion of meaning of phrase as used by Seward,. HC ii.
344, 345, 387, AL i. 90, WHS 86-89.
HOLLAND,
reluctantly agrees to aid United States during Revolution,
JA 187-194, 226, 227;
driven into alliance with France against England, JA 188,
192, GM 100, 101;
mission of J. Q. Adams to, JQA 20;
conquered by France, becomes Batavian Republic, JQA 20;
fails to make commercial treaty with United States, AG
334;
arbitrates Maine boundary question unsuccessfully, AG
347,349;
agrees to treaty to suppress slave trade, JQA 138.
HOLY ALLIANCE,
fear of its attempting to reconquer Spanish colonies, JQA
132, 134, 136, HC i. 209, 211, DW 129, THB 58.
HUNGARY,
revolts from Austria, HC ii. 392, WHS 105, 106;
agent sent to by Taylor, DW 324;
sympathy for its cause in United States, HC ii. 392, DW
325, 326, WHS 106-109;
Kossuth's appeal in its behalf, HC ii. 393-396, WHS 106.
HUNKERS,
their origin and leaders, MVB 415, HC ii. 304, LC 241;
aided by Polk in struggle with Barnburners, MVB 417;

282 TOPICAL INDEX
gain control of Democratic party in New York, MVB 418,
LC 242;
at Democratic convention of 1848, HC ii. 304, 305, LC 243;
defeated by Barnburners in election of 1848, HC ii. 314,
MVB 431.
HUTCHINSON LETTERS,
their contents, BF 177, SA 200, 201;
sent by Franklin to Boston, BF 177, 178, 180, SA 199;
published under a subterfuge, BF 179, SA 202-204;
scandal over them in England, BF 181-183;
public humiliation of Franklin for his share in episode, BF
185-193;
discussion of conduct of Franklin and Adams, BF 184, SA
206-210.
ILLINOIS, Southern immigration into, THB 9;
settlement of, LC 2, 29, AL i. 17-30;
Indian troubles in, LC 128, 141, AL i. 35, 36;
frontier legal practice in, AL i. 67, 68;
its early Democratic politics, LC 156-158, AL i. 37-39, 50,
55, 60;
career of Lincoln in its legislature, AL i. 43-60;
land speculation in, AL i. 41, 42, 53;
demands public lands within its limits, A J 232, 233;
nominates White for President, A J 444;
internal improvement craze in, AL i. 53, 54;
suffers from panic of 1837, AL i. 59, 60;
condemns abolitionists, AL i. 55;
carried by Harrison in 1840, AL i. 61 ;
carried by Polk in 1844, AL i. 71;
upholds Mexican War, AL i. 77;
denounces Kansas-Nebraska Act, AL i. 95;
carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 308, 309;
elects Trumbull Senator, AL i. 96-98;
votes for Buchanan in 1856, LC 323, AL i. 112;
hold of Douglas upon, AL i. 108;

TOPICAL INDEX 283
senatorial campaign of 1858 in, AL i. 113-150, SPC 180,
CS 169;
votes for Lincoln in 1860, LC 339;
carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220.
IMPEACHMENT,
successful against Judge Pickering, TJ 230, 231, JR 80;
fails against Judge Chase, TJ 231-234, JR 81, 82, 95-101,
130-152;
fails against Andrew Johnson, TS 323-348, SPC 358-360,
CS 332, 347-351;
political and legal theories concerning, JR 131-138;
impracticable as a punishment for corrupt removals, HC ii.
64, 65.
IMPRESSMENT, maintained as a right by England, GW ii. 181, JMad 258,
JQA 43-46, HC i. 70;
not worth fighting over in 1794, GW ii. 181;
negotiations by Morris concerning, GM 202;
not mentioned in Monroe treaty, JMad 262, AG 305;
English right to, upheld by Federalists, GM 306;
pretext for War of 1812, JMad 308, HC i. 88;
not mentioned in Peace of Ghent, JMad 308, AG 322, 327,
JQA 92, 95, HC i. 109, 117;
later negotiations over, AG 334, 335, 347, JQA 99;
Webster's letter upon in 1842, DW 249.
INDEPENDENCE OF COLONIES,
danger of, predicted in England, BF 79, 83;
its possibility denied by Franklin, BF 81-83, 107;
foreseen by Choiseul and Vergennes, BF 83;
early desired by S Adams, SA 107, 120, 334-336;
its possibility recognized by Franklin, BF 171;
openly advocated by the Adamses, SA 214, 243, JA 105,
116;
repudiated in Continental Congress, SA 283, 300, 307, BF
211;
abhorred in Middle and Southern States, SA 283, GW i.
131, 156, JA 67, 114, GM 24, 28, 33-40, JJ 21, 28, 48, 50;

284 TOPICAL INDEX
disclaimed by Jefferson, TJ 25-27;
growth of sentiment in its favor, SA 311, PH 190-194, JA
114;
in New York urged by Morris, GM 46-48;
feeling in Virginia for, PH 193, JMad 15, 16;
debated in Congress, SA 312, 314, JA 122-126;
declared, BF 212, SA 314, GWi. 160, JA 127, TJ 29-35;
importance of delay in declaring, JJ 52.
INDEPENDENT TREASURY,
see Sub-Treasury.
INDIANA, its settlement, LC 2, 29;
petitions Congress to allow slavery, THB 9, 298;
admitted as a State, LC 115;
demands public lands within its boundaries, AJ 233;
opposes nullification, A J 335;
journey of Clay in, HC ii. 230;
supports Cass for President, LC 201 ;
carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 308 ;
carried by Buchanan in 1856, LC 323;
votes for Lincoln in 1860, LC 339;
carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220;
centre of Copperhead secret societies, AL ii. 183, 184.
INDIANS, Period of Colonial Dealings, 1754-1783,
their early wars in Virginia, GW i. 37, 38 ;
early wars in New England, DW 2, 3;
status of Six Nations in New York, GM 3, LC 4;
early treaties in Pennsylvania, BF 40 ;
commercial and religious dealings of the French with
Indians, LC 4-10;
Washington's negotiations with Indians in 1754, GW i. 67,
68, 76;
Albany conference with Iroquois in 1754, BF 44;
Indians' share in Braddock's defeat, GW i. 85-88;
Paxton mob against Christian Indians in Pennsylvania, BF
88, 89;

TOPICAL INDEX 285
French defeat regretted by Indians, LC 11 ;
Indian hostilities of 1774 in Virginia, PH 126, 131, GW i.
122;
committees of Congress to negotiate with Indians, PH 171-
174;
dealings of Virginia Convention with Indians, PH 192 ;
George R. Clarke's expedition, PH 258-260, 263;
difficulties with Creeks and Cherokees, PH 262, 263;
warfare with Six Nations, GW i. 266-270, GM 15;
proposal of Henry to encourage Indian intermarriage, PE
292;
treaties with Indians at close of war, GW ii. 88, 89.
Period of Frontier Warfare, 1783-1815,
erroneous popular ideas of Indians, GW ii. 84-86 ;
their considerable military capacity, GW ii. 85, 86, THB
5, 6;
all territory west of Alleghany mountains occupied by them,
GW ii. 87, THB 5, 7;
danger of their use against United States by England and
Spain, GW ii. 88, 101, AG 120, 121;
frontier hatreds, GW ii. 89;
difficulties with Creeks ended by treaty, GW ii. 89-91;
trading-posts established, AG 108;
Northwestern Indians incited by English, GW ii. 92, 94,
101, 102, 175, 178, LC 32, 33, 56-58;
warfare in Northwest Territory, GW ii. 92-103;
failures of Hardin and Harmar, GW ii. 93;
St. Clair's expedition and defeat, GW ii. 95-99;
Wayne's victory, GW ii. 100-103, LC 38;
treaty of Greenville with Northwestern Indians, GW ii. 103,
AG 117, 118;
warfare with Cherokees in Southwest, GW ii. 103;
refusal of Georgia to observe Indian treaties, GW ii. 103;
success of Washington's Indian policy, GW ii. 104, 105;
Indians remain quiet during Adams's and Jefferson's terms,
HC i. 40;
growth of fur trade, AG 287, 288;

286 TOPICAL INDEX
INDIANS (continued),
bill to regulate Indian trade, HC i. 57;
during years after 1807, English instigate Tecumseh to rise,
LC 57.
Harrison's Tippecanoe campaign, LC 57, 58;
Indian alliance not sought by United States, LC 58;
share of Indians in War of 1812, THB 7, LC 86, 88, 91-93;
Indian part in Hull's invasion, LC 70, 76, 78, 81;
the massacre at Fort Dearborn, LC 81;
Creek War, instigated by Tecumseh, AJ 37, 41, 42, HC i.
106;
treaty of alliance with Northwestern Indians made by Cass,
LC 92;
treaties with Creeks made by Jackson, A J 60, 65;
attempt of English to secure a neutral Indian zone by
treaty of Ghent, AG 317, 319-321, JQA 78, 90, 94, HC i.
107. Period of "Western Removal, 1815-1850,
Creek refugees in Florida attacked, A J 65, 68;
Jackson's Seminole campaign in Florida, JMon 143-145, AJ
68-76, HC i. 151, JCC 87;
English continue to subsidize Northwestern Indians, LC 99-
112;
Calhoun's Indian policy, JCC 45-49;
Calhoun considers Indians capable of civilization, JCC 46-
48;
the actual culture of Southwestern Indians, AJ 223, 224,
JCC 46, 48;
their removal urged, THB 50-52, LC 159-161;
discussion and justification of removal policy, THB 51, 52,
153, 154, 187, MVB 367;
attempt of Georgia to expel Cherokees, A J 224-227;
attempt of Cherokees to get protection from Supreme
Court, AJ 225, 226, LC 161;
refusal of Jackson to protect them, AJ 226, 227, HC i. 347;
removal of Cherokees, A J 229, MVB 203, THB 152, 153;
HC ii. 59-61;

TOPICAL INDEX 287
Indian Territory established, A J 224, 225, 229;
Kickapoos and Osages sell their Missouri lands, THB 50;
Cass's Indian policy, LC 106-132;
difficulties between Creeks and Georgia regarding Indian
lands, A J 221, 222;
Creeks forced to move west, AJ 229, DW 137, LC 159,
162;
sale of Choctaw lands, A J 228;
difficulties over removal of Seminoles, MVB 365, 366, THB
186, LC 159;
Seminole War, MVB 366, THB 186-191, LC 162-164;
war with Winnebagoes prevented, LC 127, 128;
Black Hawk War, LC 141, 142, AL i. 35, 36;
corruption in Indian service attacked by Benton, THB 307,
308.
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS,
suggested by Jefferson, TJ 261, AG 226, 227, 290, HC i. 44,
45;
planned by Gallatin, AG 224, 290, HC i. 46;
advocated by Calhoun, HC i. 137, 138, JCC 28, 39;
opposed by Madison in his veto message of 1816, HC i. 138,
DW 66;
demanded in the West, AJ 235, 378, MVB 290, HC i. 43,
LC 260, AL i. 53, WHS 22, 23;
denounced by Jefferson as unconstitutional, TJ 294, AG
227;
debated in Monroe's and Adams's administrations, JMon
152, JR 272-278, MVB 98, 117, 142; HC i. 206-208;
Monroe's veto message upon, JMon 182, HC i. 142;
advocated by J. Q. Adams as President, JQA 194, 201,
MVB 121, HC i. 265-267;
opposed by Jackson, AJ 234-236, MVB 201, 202, HC i. 314;
upheld by Clay, HC i. 39, 40, 46, 143-145, 384;
Polk's River and Harbor Bill veto, HC ii. 284;
Cass's position on, LC 260;
advocated by Seward, WHS 111, 112;
urged by Chase, SPC 116.

288 TOPICAL INDEX
IOWA,
admitted as a State to balance Florida, WHS 61;
carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221.
IRISH, settlers in colonial times, GM 9, 10, 29;
petition against Sedition Act, AG 157;
popularity of Calhoun with, JCC 213, LC 206;
belong to Democratic party, LC 207;
IRREPRESSIBLE CONFLICT,
see Index to Seward.
JAY TREATY,
see Diplomatic History.
JUDICIARY, FEDERAL,
see Constitution;
Washington's judicial appointments, GW. i. 72, JJ 236;
organization of the Supreme Court, JJ 235-238;
early cases before federal courts, J J 240-262;
passage of the judiciary bill of 1801, GM 288, 289, JR
61;
appointments under Judiciary Act, JR 62; '
judiciary controlled by Federalists, JR 60, 61, DW 89-
91;
not the final arbiter on the Constitution according to States'
rights theory, JR 36, TJ 196, 229, 293;
its effect on development of Constitution, JR 64, 65;
repeal of Judiciary Act, GM 290, JR 64-67, 77;
failure of Republicans to influence judiciary, JR 62, 63;
Republican attack on judiciary through Chase impeach
ment, JR 81, 130, TJ 231-234;
independence secured for Supreme Court by failure of
Chase impeachment, JR 130, 131, 151, TJ 234;
Marshall's constitutional decisions, JMar 170-227, AJ 166-
171, 174, 175, DW 82-89;
denounced in the West, A J 171, 172;
attacks upon judiciary in Congress under Jackson, AJ 218,
219; MVB 135-137, DW 132-135;

TOPICAL INDEX 289
refusal of Jackson to uphold Supreme Court in Georgia case,
AJ 225-227, MVB 203, 204, HC i. 347, LC 161;
failure of Supreme Court to pass on constitutionality of
protection, A J 333;
Supreme Court decisions ignored by Jackson in Bank
struggle, HC i. 376, 377;
alteration of membership of Supreme Court under Jackson,
A J 423, 424, SPC 324;
its altered policy in Briscoe case permits " state " banks,
A J 423-427;
Supreme Court becomes a political machine, AJ 427, 428;
fugitive slave case decisions, SPC 76;
proposal iu 1848 to leave questions of territorial slavery to
Supreme Court, JCC 313, AL i. 91, WHS 69;
motives of Supreme Court in making Dred Scott decision,
AJ 428, MVB 440, 441, LC 327, AL i. 102, 103, WHS
168-172;
denunciation of judiciary by Republicans, WHS 172;
the Merryman case, AL i. 287-289;
the Blockade decision, WHS 270, SPC 326;
reorganization of Supreme Court under Lincoln, AL ii. 30,
298, 299, SPC 324, 325;
Supreme Court under Chase continues conservative, SPC
324-388;
attitude of courts upon military arrests, SPC 327, 328; 344-
346, 356;
attitude of court in Garland and Cummings cases, SPC
346-348;
reconstruction cases, SPC 328, 348-356;
numbers and jurisdiction of Supreme Court reduced by
Congress, SPC 342, 354, 355;
refusal of courts to try Davis, SPC 351-353;
decisions on financial questions, SPC 385-388;
decisions under fourteenth amendment, SPC 381-383;
legal tender decisions and their effect on prestige of court,
SPC 393, 402-412;
reorganization of Supreme Court by Grant, SPC 399-401.

290 TOPICAL INDEX
KANSAS, uninhabited in 1853, CS 105;
organized under Kansas-Nebraska Act, q. v. ;
governorship of Reeder, LC 317;
struggle for possession of Territory between North and
South, LC 316-318, AL i. 98-109, WHS 151-190, SPC
171, 172, TS 102;
organized immigration into, WHS 152, CS 131;
the Territory overrun by Missourians at first elections, LC
317, AL i. 98, WHS 153-155, CS 132, 133;
Free State men organize Topeka constitution and apply for
admission into Union, LC 317, WHS 136, CS 133, 134;
struggle over Kansas in Congress, LC 317-322, AL i. 105,
106, WHS 158-162, 165-167, 178-183, CS 135, 136, 169;
governorship of Shannon, LC 317, 324, WHS 155-157;
governorship of Geary, LC 324, 325, WHS 157;
civil war breaks out, LC 324, 325, AL i. 99, WHS 155, 164,
CS 134, 137, 156;
election of pro-slavery constitutional convention, LC 325,
AL i. 104, WHS 173, CS 165, 166;
pacification by Governor Walker, LC 325, WHS 174, CS 166;
legislature carried by Free State men, LC 325, WHS 174,
CS 166;
attempt in Congress to admit Kansas under Lecompton
constitution, LC 325, AL i. 104, 105, WHS 174, 175-179,
CS 165-168;
rejection of Lecompton constitution, LC 325; AL i. 105,
109, WHS 176, 184, CS 168, 169;
new convention draws up Wyandot constitution, CS 170;
admitted as a State in 1861, AL i. 109, WHS 190;
carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221.
KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT,
origin of act, WHS 116, 117, 123-130, SPC 133;
introduced by Douglas, LC 293, AL i. 93-95, WHS 118,
SPC 134-136, CS 102-104;
struggle over in Congress, LC 294, 297, WHS 118, 119,
SPC 133-146, CS 106-109;

TOPICAL INDEX 291
passed, LC 298, WHS 118, 130, SPC 145, 146;
its effect, MVB 440, 441, LC 300, SPC 147;
opinions upon, MVB 442-444, THB 309-311, SPC 147.
KENTUCKY, explored by Boone, HC i. 13;
its early settlement, HC i. 14, THB i. 5, 6;
breaks away from Virginia, AH 50;
early frontier civilization of, HC i. 14-18, THB 9, 12;
struggle in between judiciary and legislature over land
legislation, A J 153;
discusses emancipation in constitutional convention, HC i.
27, 30;
passes nullification resolutions in 1798-99, AH 222, GM 281,
311, AH 31, DW 170;
willing to go to war for sake of Mississippi navigation, JR 76;
sympathy in, for Burr, HC i. 35;
forbids English law reports since 1776 to be read in court,
AJ 154, HC i. 50 ;
adopts resolutions denouncing England, HC i. 51;
repeals old age pensions for judges, AJ 154;
enthusiastic for War of 1812, THB 8, LC 85;
charters banks after war, AJ 155, HC 203;
financial crisis in, A J 155, 160;
demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177;
" relief" movement in, A J 152-174, HC i. 346;
tries to tax United States Bank, A J 160;
passes replevin and other relief measures, AJ 161;
charters new state bank, AJ 161, 162;
its replevin law declared unconstitutional, AJ 162, 164,
HC i. 203;
fails to remove judges, AJ 163, 164;
creates a new Court of Appeals, AJ 164, 165;
favors tariff of 1824, THB 53;
favors Jackson for President after Clay, AJ 115, HC i. 204,
228, 233, 238;
struggle in between " old " and " new court " parties, AJ
165, 172, 173, 174;

292 TOPICAL INDEX
KENTUCKY (continued),
loses population, AJ 165, 173, 174;
angered by Marshall's Supreme Court decisions, AJ 167-
169, 171, 172, DW 132;
votes for Jackson in 1828, HC i. 293;
its representatives in Congress attack federal judiciary, AJ
218, 219;
struggle in, over election of Clay to Senate, HC i. 350;
votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383;
early abolitionists in, SPC 45, 83;
feels enthusiasm for Clay but distrusts Webster, HC ii. 229,
DW 219;
grows weary of Clay as candidate and supports Taylor in
1848, HC 294, 295;
in constitutional convention discusses emancipation, HC ii.
316-319, CS 68;
elects Clay to Senate, HC ii. 319;
hopes of Lincoln to retain it in Union in 1861, AL i. 255,
265-268;
refuses to furnish volunteers, AL i. 255;
appealed to by Confederacy, AL i. 265;
announces neutrality, AL i. 266;
decides to remain in Union, AL i. 267, 268;
its neutrality violated by South, AL i. 352;
campaigns in, AL i. 354, 355, ii. 154.
KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS,
discussed, PH 408, GW ii. 266-268, AH 222, GM 281, 311,
TJ 172, 173, JMad 234, 235, JR 34, 35, AJ 252, 253, DW
170, JCC 79.
KING'S COLLEGE,
controlled by Episcopalians, GM 16, J J 9, 11, 12;
studies of various statesmen at, AH 4, GM 3, 19, JJ 8-12,
JR 13, 15, 16;
its fate in revolution, AH 10, 11.
KITCHEN CABINET,
its composition, AJ 181, 183-187, 347, 348, MVB 193, HC
i. 346,348;

TOPICAL INDEX 293
its control over Jackson, AJ 187, MVB 193, HC i. 354, ii.
26.
KNOW-NOTHING PARTY,
its origin and composition, LC 309, 310, WHS 137, 138,
SPC 152, CS 123;
its early successes, LC 310, AL i. 100, 101, WHS 139, 142,
SPC 152, CFA 104, 105, CS 123, TS 96;
supplants Whigs in South, THB 313, LC 310;
its relations to Republican movement, WHS 142-145, SPC
153, 154, CS 124;
in Missouri, causes defeat of Benton, THB 313;
nominates Fillmore in 1856, LC 322, 323, WHS 149;
merges in Constitutional Union Party, WHS 193;
its influence in election of 1860, AL i. 175, WHS 200;
judgments upon, HC 311, 312, WHS 138, 139, CS 124.
LAIRD RAMS,
see Diplomatic History.
LANDS, PUBLIC,
general survey of government's policy toward, A J 229-234;
sales of, under Hamilton, AG 122, 238;
organization of land offices, AG 287;
early plans for their cheap sale, AJ 229, 230, 233, HC ii.
152, THB 61, 62, 133, 192, LC 97, 98;
alternative plans to use for internal improvements or for
revenue, A J 230, 234;
Clay's proposals to distribute proceeds from its sale, AJ 234,
380, 381, 386, HC ii. 23, 70, 100, 211, 213, 226, 228, THB
137, 138,219-221;
reports upon, HC i. 370-372;
cession to States proposed, A J 229, JCC 156;
proposal to allow States to tax, THB 193;
proposal to restrict sale of, to citizens, THB 192, 193;
speculation in, MVB 294, 308-312, HC ii. 117-119, 124,
JCC 155;
collapse in value after panic of 1837, MVB 312, 313, HC
ii. 127, 128;

294 TOPICAL INDEX
regulated by preemption system and homestead law, MVB
357, HC i. 57, THB 61, 192, SPC 117;
granted to railways, SPC 117.
" LEANDER,"
see index to Jefferson.
LEGAL PROFESSSION,
its rise in eighteenth century, A J 3^5, MVB 19, 32-35;
eminence of in New York and Virginia, JJ 13-18, PH 93,
360, JMar 33-38, 46, 47, 208, 209;
becomes the proper opening for political and social ambi
tion, A J 5, MVB 44, TS 26;
bar examinations in various States, PH 22-25, AJ 4, 5, TS
21-23;
LEGAL TENDER NOTES,
see Financial History.
"LEOPARD,"
see Chesapeake.
LIBERAL REPUBLICANS,
their movement against Grant in 1872, SPC 413, CS 410-
418, CFA 389-392, MVB 118.
LIBERTY PARTY,
its origin in campaign of 1840, HC ii. 190, 254, LC 179, 208,
SPC 85, 86;
organized by Chase, SPC 87-92;
brought into prominence by Texas question, HC ii. 255;
its position in campaign of 1844, HC ii. 255, 262, 263; LC
221, WHS 44-46, SPC 91-93;
its vote said to have defeated Clay, MVB 412, 413, HC ii.
264-266, DW 255, JCC 250, LC 222;
its course discussed, THB 258-260, SPC 93, 94;
nominates Hale in 1847, MVB 431, HC ii. 310, LC 251,
SPC 94-96;
joins Free-Soil party, HC ii. 311, LC 252, 254, SPC 96, 97.
LOCOFOCOS, see index to Jackson.
LONG ISLAND,
see Military History.

TOPICAL INDEX 295
LOUISIANA, its seizure urged by Hamilton in 1798, AH 209, 257, 279;
ceded by Spain to France, JMon 78, JR 74, A J 22;
intended by Napoleon for a colony, TJ 217;
desire of Jefferson to purchase New Orleans from, TJ 214-
217;
its seizure advocated by Morris, GM 293, 294;
purchased from France, GM 293, 294, TJ 206-229, JMad
246-248, JMon 79-89, JR 83, A J 23;
justification of annexation, TJ 222-229, JMad 248;
opposition to its purchase, JQA 35, JR 85;
explored by Lewis and Clarke, HC i. 42, 43;
question of its Florida boundary, TJ 246, JMon 88, 98, AJ
23, HC i. 58;
governorship of Claiborne in, JR 115, 117, 118;
negotiations with Spain over its boundaries, JQA 110, 112,
114-116;
its western boundary settled in treaty of 1819, JQA 115,
125, A J 84, 85;
favors tariff, THB 80;
its electoral vote taken from Clay in 1844 by a trick, HC ii.
233;
process of secession in, AL i. 182, 183, 187, CS 180;
reconstructed by Lincoln, AL ii. 219, 220, WHS 367, 370,
TS 233, CS 282-284;
its Senators and Representatives excluded, TS 234;
question of its status, TS 234.
McCULLOCH vs MARYLAND,
see Constitution.
MAILS, question of excluding abolition documents from, AJ 411,
412, JCC 134-137.
MAINE, set off from Massachusetts, DW 107;
its admission coupled with that of Missouri, HC i. 177;
nominates Clay for President, HC ii. 230;

296 TOPICAL INDEX
excitement in, over boundary question, MV.B 367;
votes against Van Buren, MVB 367;
in Ashburton negotiations, hampers federal government by
obstinacy, DW 241, 247;
accepts an indemnity, DW 248, 249;
carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 308;
Democratic gains in in 1862, AL ii. 124.
MANIFEST DESTINY,
see Expansion.
MARBURY vs MADISON,
see Constitution.
MARTIN vs HUNTER'S LESSEE,
see Constitution.
MARYLAND,
part played by its Catholic leaders, GM 34;
recommends organization of militia in 1776, PH 132, 133;
passes law permitting emancipation, HC i. 28;
has difficulties with Virginia over Potomac navigation, JMad
52-54, AH 53;
suggests Annapolis Convention but fails to send delegates,
JMad 55, 59;
position of its representatives in federal convention upon
slave trade, GM 139;
intrigues of Randolph in, against Madison, JR 231, 232;
demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177;
tries to tax Bank, J J 254, JMar 192;
passes resolution against congressional nominating caucus,
A J 109;
divides electoral vote in 1828, A J 148;
votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383;
nominates Clay for President in 1844, HC ii. 230;
carried by Kno w-Nothings, LC 323 ;
furious at passage of troops through Baltimore, AL i. 257,
258;
apparently on point of seceding, AL i. 258, 259;
decides to he neutral, AL i. 260, 261 ;
furnishes troops to South, AL i. 262;

TOPICAL INDEX 297
military arrests in, AL i. 286;
invaded by Lee, AL ii. 84-86.
MASSACHUSETTS, Colonial and Revolutionary History, 1620-1780,
democratic society in, SA 5, 8, 9, 49-53, DW 28;
its government under original charter, SA 19, 20;
more liberal under province charter, SA 20-22;
religious toleration in, SA 20;
claims "rights of Englishmen," SA 27;
repeatedly admits parliamentary supremacy, S A 28 ;
its expenses in French War reimbursed by England, SA 30;
has chronic disputes with governors, S A 31 ;
its leaders and their influence in Revolution, SA 10, 11, 319,
333, 334, GM 14;
denounces Stamp Act and refuses to execute it, SA 64;
calls for Stamp Act Congress, PH 80, 81, SA 66;
how affected by Stamp Act agitation, SA 67, JA 26;
has controversies with Governor Bernard, SA 35, 45, 63-66,
122, 123, 127;
refuses to elect Tories to Council, SA 85, 86;
sends circular letter to other colonies, SA 95;
adopts non-importation resolutions, SA 97;
refuses to rescind circular letter, SA 99, 102;
petitions for removal of Bernard, SA 103;
elects convention of towns in absence of General Court, SA
110;
three-quarters of its population oppose English policy, SA
113;
approves Virginia Resolves, SA 123;
has disputes with Governor Hutchinson, SA 124, 167, 168,
197, 262;
excited over Boston massacre, SA 145-166, JA 34-39;
appoints Franklin agent, BF 138, 139, 194, SA 169, 170,
236;
denounces Tea Act, SA 224-227;
has dispute with Hutchinson over parliamentary supremacy,
BF 166, SA 187-191;

298 TOPICAL INDEX
MASSACHUSETTS (continued),
denounces royal salaries for officials, SA 173, 174, 194, 210,
211, 235;
establishes committees of correspondence, SA 197, 198;
excited over Hutchinson letters, SA 203, 208;
petitions for removal of Hutchinson and Oliver, BF 183;
its charter altered by Parliament, SA239, 272;
elects delegates to first continental Congress, SA 265-267,
JA51;
elects Provincial Congress, SA 272-274;
regarded as radical by other colonies, SA 282;
sympathized with by other colonies, JA 75, 76;
seeks recognition from continental Congress, S A 301 ;
celebrates anniversaries of Boston massacre, SA 194, 237,
291-296, 347;
elects a General Assembly, SA 305;
growing sentiment in, for independence, SA 316, PH 134;
asks advice from Congress about a government, JA 91 ;
its sacrifices in War of Revolution, JMad 150, 151, CS 113;
its interest in fisheries leads its representative to insist on
their guarantee in treaty of peace, JA 161-163, JJ 143,
145;
adopts a state constitution, SA 338, JA 154.
History as a State, 1780-1874,
emigration from, DW 1, 2, LC 124;
quarrels with New York, AH 51;
calls for a convention to revise Articles of Confederation,
AH 52;
Shays's rebellion in, SA 350-352, AH 51, 52, GM 110,
JMad 73;
appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59;
ratifies federal Constitution, SA 353-359, AH 73;
origin of parties in, JQA 28;
elects S. Adams Governor, SA 366;
elects J. Q. Adams to Senate, JQA 30;
condemns embargo, JQA 57;
refuses to reelect J. Q. Adams, JQA 57, 58;

TOPICAL INDEX 299
its attitude toward War of 1812, JMad 81;
adopts states' rights doctrine, JR 38, 90, 271 ;
disunion movement in, GM 310;
opposes Missouri compromise, DW 267;
constitutional convention of 1820 in, DW 107-114;
slow to establish complete religious toleration, JMad 66;
elects Webster Senator, DW 139, 140;
becomes protectionist, A J 335, THB 53, 60, 80;
Anti-Masonic movement in, JQA 226, 301, AJ 293, 294,
WHS 12, 13;
opposes nullification, A J 335 ;
votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383;
upper classes in, disapprove of anti-slavery action, JQA
246;
farmers in, support J. Q. Adams, JQA 247, 255;
nominates Webster for President, AJ 444, MVB 260, DW
218;
denounces gag-rule, HC ii. 153;
becomes centre of anti-slavery action, CFA 62;
sends Hoar to South Carolina, CS 40;
at first approves Webster's remaining in Tyler's Cabinet,
DW245;
hampers Ashburton negotiations, DW 241, 247, 248;
Whigs in, declare Tyler out of party and try to force
Webster out of Cabinet, DW 251, 252;
opposes annexation of Texas, CS 43;
reelects Webster to Senate, DW 256;
struggle in, between " Conscience " and " Cotton " Whigs,
LC 249; CFA 69-88, CS 46-55;
Free-Soil party in, CFA 92, 95, 104, CC 58-60;
carried by Free-Soil and Democratic coalitions, CS 75-85;
elects Sumner to Senate, CS 80-84;
regained by Whigs, CS 97, 98, 100;
rejects new constitution, CS 99, 100;
carried by Know-Nothings, CFA 104, 105, CS 123, 128-130;
passes Personal Liberty Laws, CS 119, 121;
denounces Brooks's assault on Sumner, CS 152;

300 TOPICAL INDEX
MASSACHUSETTS (continued),
carried by Republicans, CS 157, 176;
reelects Sumner to Senate, CS 233-235, 356;
compromise movement in, during 1860-61, CS 191, 193;
prepared for war by Andrew, AL i. 256 ;
sends troops to Washington, AL i. 256;
Sumner's influence in, blocks Butler's campaign for Gov
ernor, CS 400;
censures Sumner's resolution on battle-flags, CS 421, 422;
rescinds resolutions of censure, CS 429.
" MERRIMAC,"
see Navy, and Military History.
MEXICAN WAR,
see Military History.
MEXICO, early overland trade with, THB 35, 36, 48, 49;
gains independence, THB 156;
makes land grants in Texas, HC ii. 86;
abolishes slavery except in Texas, AJ 413, 414, HC ii. 89,
THB 156, AL i. 85;
forbids immigration into Texas, AJ 445, HC ii. 88, 90, THB
156;
undergoes revolutions, A J 416, HC ii. 90, THB 157;
defeated by Texan insurgents, A J 417, MVB 357, HC ii. 90,
THB 160;
failure of Jackson's administration to pick a quarrel with,
AJ 421, MVB 358-360, HC ii. 94, 95, THB 160;
settles claims of United States by treaty, AJ 421, HC ii.
153, 236, DW 253;
announces that annexation of Texas by United States means
war, HC ii. 239, CS 34;
negotiates peace with Texas, HC ii. 273, JCC 225, 247;
causes of war with United States, HC ii. 274-284, JCC 273-
277, LC211, 231, ALi. 74-85, SPC 120, CFA 62, CS 45;
undergoes revolution during war, HC ii. 278, LC 336;
its annexation demanded in United States, HC ii. 290, DW
278,305,306;

TOPICAL INDEX 301
oedes territory by treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, HC ii. 301 ;
later dealings with, DW 327, LC 336;
intervention of England, France, and Spain in, WHS 256,
257, 356, CS 220;
Napoleou III.'s invasion of, WHS 357-361, CS 239;
fall of Maximilian in, WHS 362.
MICHIGAN, early explorations in, LC 118-122;
settled by French and later Americans, LC 2-6, 97, 98, 158;
life of French in, LC 19-31;
education in, LC 27, 124, 125;
Hull's governorship of, LC 61 ;
raises militia in War of 1812, LC 63,64;
ravaged by Indians, LC 86, 88;
governorship of Cass in, LC 30, 88-132;
land in, ceded by Indians, LC 116;
efforts of Cass to civilize, LC 95, 122-124;
adopts township system, LC 255;
applies for admission as a State, THB 152, LC 155;
has boundary dispute with Ohio, A J 446;
frames constitution without consent of Congress, AJ 446,
447;
held by Calhoun to be a State before admission by Congress,
JCC 157-162;
debate on its admission, JCC 62, 156, THB 152;
admitted conditionally, A J 447, JCC 156;
question of its vote in election of 1836, AJ 447;
in election of 1840, LC 155;
enthusiastic for Cass in 1842, LC 200, 201;
carried by Democrats in 1844, JCC 250, LC 222;
elects Cass to Senate, LC 225;
favors Wilmot Proviso, LC 233, 234,266, 269;
influence of Cass on polities in, LC 256-259, 355, 356;
Free-Soil vote in, LC 259, 290;
struggle in, over Cass's reelection in 1849, LC 266, 269;
rescinds Wilmot Proviso instructions and favors compro
mise, LC 278, 282, 283;

302 TOPICAL INDEX
MICHIGAN (continued),
reelects Cass without opposition in 1851, LC 286 ;
formation of Republican party in, LC 304, 305;
carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 306-308;
passes resolutions against Fugitive Slave Law, LC 312;
votes for Fremont in 1856, LC 324;
elects Chandler to succeed Cass, LC 324;
votes for Lincoln, LC 339;
Republican losses in 1862, AL ii. 125.
MILAN DECREE,
see Diplomatic History.
MILITARY HISTORY,
Colonial Wars, 1744-1763,
part played by New England in King George's War, SA 17,
18,30;
inevitable struggle between French and English for control
of interior, BF 44, 50, GW i. 65;
inequality of contestants, BF 60;
Washington's campaign of 1754, GM i. 74, 76;
Braddock's expedition, BF 51-55, GW i. 82-88;
Indian ravages, GW i. 90, BF 66;
part played by New York in war, GW 3;
end of war in conquest of Canada, BF 78, SA 35, GW i. 93,
94. Revolutionary War, 1775-1782,
general view of events, PH 221, 235, 236, 240, 241, 257,
GW i. 134-320;
operations against Dunmore in Virginia, PH 178-181, JMar
12-17;
battles of Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill, SA 303,
GW i. 133, 136;
siege of Boston, GW i. 137-154;
organization of army by Washington, GW i. 139-142;
minor operations in New York, GW i. 143;
invasion of Canada, GW i. 143, 144;
battle of Long Island, GW i. 161-167, AH 13;
conflicts near New York, GW i. 168-175, AH 14, GM 41,
JMon 9, 10;

TOPICAL INDEX 303
retreat across New Jersey, GW i. 175-177;
campaign of Trenton and Princeton, GW 180-183, AH 14,
JMar 18, JMon 10;
Howe's Philadelphia campaign, GWi. 194-202;
battles of Brandywine and Germantown, GW i. 196-201,
JMar 10;
capture of Delaware forts, GW i. 217;
Burgoyne's invasion, GW i. 203-211, GM 59-65;
battle of Saratoga, GW i. 211;
winter at Valley Forge, GW i. 228-232, GM 66, 67, JMar
19-21;
battle of Monmouth, GW i. 235-239, JMar 22, JMon 10;
operations of D'Estaing at Newport, GW i. 243, 244;
defeat of French at Savannah, GW i. 247, 248;
capture of Stony Point, GW i. 268, 269, JMar 22;
Tory raids along coast and in interior, GW i. 269;
reduction of operations to a deadlock in North, GW i. 272;
last operations near Newport, GW i. 277, 278;
capture of Charleston by English, GW i. 273-276;
battle of Camden, GW i. 281;
Arnold's treason, GW i. 281-289, AH 20;
British raids in Virginia, PH 257, 264-267, 278-284, JMad
23, 24, TJ 54-61, JMon 12;
battle of Cowpens, GW i. 301;
Cornwallis's and Greene's campaign in Carolinas, GW i.
302, 303, GM 98-100;
hattie of Guilford Court House, GW i. 302;
Cornwallis's campaign against Lafayette, GW i. 307;
the Yorktown campaign, GW i. 304-311, 318-320;
De Grasse's victory secures naval control of Chesapeake,
GW i. 310-312;
siege and capture of Yorktown, GW i. 315-318, AH 23,
GM 100;
closing events of the war between England and France,
GM 100, 101;
battle of Bon Homme Richard and Serapis, BF 302;
organization of War Department by Adams, J A 142;

304 TOPICAL INDEX
MILITARY HISTORY (continued),
use of privateers, BF 248-252, GW ii. 150;
bad record of militia, GW i. 167, 168, 175, GM 43, 60, 61;
lack of resolution shown by Americans, GM 42, 43, 67;
negotiations about exchange of prisoners, GW i. 145-148,
BF 252-264;
causes for English defeat, GW i. 154, 155;
American success not due to French aid, GM 42;
estimate of generalship shown, GM 45, 101.
Difficulties with France, 1798-1800,
the " quasi-war," GW ii. 291-293, AH 213, JMar 103, TJ
171, AG 147-151.
War of 1812-1815,
causes of war, AG -295, 305, A J 33, 34, MVB 59, HC i.
78-84;
brought on by South and West, GM 128, 303, AJ 34, HC i.
83, JCC 25, THB 7, 8, LC 54, 55;
general view of military events, GM 304, HC i. 116, 117,
THB 7;
expectation of conquest of Canada, JMad 309, HC i. 86, 87;
English hope to regain New England, AG 313, 316;
Hull's campaign, LC 81-84;
Creek War, A J 37-41;
campaign of Jackson in Florida, A J 44;
Indian massacres, LC 81, 83, 92;
American defeats in 1813, HC i. 98, 106;
battle of Lake Erie, LC 86;
capture of Washington by Cockburn, JMad 316, 317, AG
320, JMon 119-126;
battle of Thames, LC 87;
defense of Mobile, A J 43;
battle of New Orleans, AJ 45-^7, HC i. 117;
inefficient conduct of war by Madison's administration, GM
304, 306, JMad 315, 316, JMon 110-119, HC i. 89, 90,
DW 50, 51, JCC 27, 28, LC 62, 73, 82, 83;
uselessness of militia, GM 304;
futility of gunboats, TJ 259, 260, AG 288, 289, JQA 48;

TOPICAL INDEX 305
insufficient use of navy, JMad 309, 310, HC i. 87;
conduct of Monroe as secretary of war, JMon 126, 127;
good results of the war, GM 305, AJ 50, 51, HC i. 120, 121,
JCC 25;
the war a defeat for United States, JQA 76, 86, AJ 47-49.
Indian "Wars, 1790-1840,
military ability of Indians, GW ii. 84-88;
war with northwestern Indians, GW ii. 92-94;
St. Clair's defeat, GW ii. 95-97;
Wayne's expedition, GW ii. 100-103;
Tecumseh's defeat, at battle of Tippecanoe, THB 6, LC 58;
Jackson's Florida campaign, JQA 110, 111, HC i. 151-
153, A J 65-76;
Calhoun's management of War Department, JCC 41-53;
Cass's management of War Department, LC 141-166;
Black Hawk War, LC 141, AL i. 35-37;
Seminole War, LC 163, 164, THB 189, 190.
Mexican War, 1846-1848,
Taylor's advance to Rio Grande, HC ii. 274-276, JCC 274;
beginning of hostilities, HC ii. 283, 284;
proposal to keep war strictly defensive, JCC 287, 288;
Taylor's successful invasion, HC ii. 285-287;
intrigues with Santa Anna, HC ii. 285;
occupation of New Mexico and California, HC ii. 285;
Scott's invasion from the sea coast, HC ii. 286, 287;
capture of Mexico, HC ii. 287;
conduct of war, THB 279, 280, AL i. 74, 75;
results of war discussed, THB 256, LC 224, 232.
War of Rebellion, 1861-1865,
Lincoln calls for volunteers, AL i. 252-256, 291, SPC 211,
212;
measures for the defense of Washington, lAL i. 255, ii. 31-
35;
passage of Massachusetts troops through Baltimore, AL i.
256-258;
the naval situation, and proclamation of blockade, AL i.
283;

306 TOPICAL INDEX
MILITARY HISTORY (continued),
minor early operations, AL i. 298, 299;
campaign and battle of Bull Run, AL i. 300-302, CFA 210;
organization of Northern army by McClellan, AL i. 304-
308, SPC 212-217;
administration of War Department by Stanton, AL i. 326-
328;
Lincoln's and McClellan's plans for the war, AL i. 329, 332,
337-340;
McClellan's first advance, AL i. 341-344;
early Western operations, AL i. 346-348, 351, CFA 242,
243;
early successes along the coast, AL i. 348, CFA 342, 343;
Grant's campaign of Forts Henry and Donelson, AL i. 354,
355;
career and defeat of Merrimac, AL i. 356, 357;
capture of New Orleans, AL i. 358;
Farragut's cruise ou Mississippi, AL i. 359;
campaign and battle of Shiloh, AL i. 360-364, CFA 310,
CS 235, 236;
the Peninsular campaign, AL ii. 36-72;
Lincoln's error in detaching McDowell from McClellan,
ALU. 52-56;
Pope's campaign in Virginia, AL ii. 74-78;
McClellan reorganizes army, AL ii. 80-84;
Lee's campaign in Maryland, battle of Antietam, AL i. 84-
91;
Burnside and Fredericksburg, AL ii. 92, 136, 138;
Hooker's defeat at Chancellorsville, AL ii. 138-144;
Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, Gettysburg campaign, AL
ii. 144-152, CFA 335;
Bragg's invasion of Kentucky, AL ii. 154-157;
Grant's Vicksburg campaign, AL ii. 157-162;
the Chickamauga campaign, AL ii. 163-165;
battle of Chattanooga, AL ii. 166, 167;
employment of draft, AL ii. 193-196;
Grant made Lieutenant-General, his plans, AL ii. 276, 277;

TOPICAL INDEX 307
siege of Charleston, CFA 341, 342;
Grant's Virginia campaign, AL ii. 278-281;
Early's raid against Washington, AL ii. 281-283;
Sherman's Atlanta campaign, AL ii. 283;
capture of Mobile, AIj ii. 284;
Sheridan's valley campaign, AL ii. 284, 285;
the march to the sea, AL ii. 300;
the battle of Nashville, AL ii. 300, 301;
naval battles, AL ii. 301;
effect of blockade, TS 183-184;
difficulties in preventing trade with South, SPC 226-229;
military decline of Confederate States, AL ii. 330;
siege of Petersburg, AL ii. 330-332;
Sherman's Carolina campaign, AL ii. 331;
last conflicts of Lee's army, AL ii. 331-339;
surrender of Confederate armies, AL ii. 339, 340.
MILITIA, see Military History.
MINNESOTA, carried by Republicans in 1862, TS 221.
MINT, Hamilton's report on, AH 105-107;
attempt of Randolph to abolish, JR 80;
motion of Benton to establish branches in South, THB 129.
MISSISSIPPI, opposes tariff, THB 80;
demands annexation of Texas, JCC 232;
threatens secession, THB 291, CS 88;
calls Southern Convention at Nashville, JCC 323;
carried by Union party in 1851, WHS 105;
process of secession in, AL i. 182, 186, CS 180;
sends commissioners to persuade North Carolina to secede,
ALi. 188;
passes apprentice and contract laws to regulate negroes,
TS 250, 251;
completion of reconstruction in, CS 375;
brings suit against President Johnson, SPC 349.

308 TOPICAL INDEX
MISSISSIPPI NAVIGATION,
see Diplomatic History.
MISSOURI, early frontier society in, THB 9, 12,33;
carried as a Territory by pro-slavery party, THB 39;
petitions for admission to Union, HC i. 172;
struggle in Congress over its admission, HC i. 172, 177,
THB 38, 39;
joined with Maine, HC i. 177;
compromise concerning, HC i. 177, 178, THB 39, 40;
adopts constitution prohibiting entrance of free negroes,
HC i. 183;
debates over, in Congress, HC i. 184-189;
question of counting its electoral vote, HC i. 189-192 ;
favors Jackson after Clay in 1824, A J 115, 125, HC i. 233;
litigation in, over French and Spanish land titles, THB 40,
41;
favors tariff of 1824, THB 53;
favors tariff of 1828 because of lead duty, THB 60;
opposes nullification, A J 335;
its boundaries extended, THB 151, 152;
at first Unionist, gradually becomes pro-slavery, THB 284;
its legislature compliments Van Buren, MVB 399;
led to oppose secession in 1850 by Benton's influence, THB
287;
refuses to take part in Nashville Convention, THB 289;
struggle in, between " Hards " and " Softs," THB 302, 303;
instructs Senators to vote for slavery extension, THB 303;
refuses to reelect Benton to Senate, THB 304;
campaign of Benton in, for governorship, THB 313, 314;
sends " Border ruffians " into Kansas, LC 317, WHS 153-
155, CS 132;
refuses to furnish volunteers in 1861, AL i. 263;
civil war in, between Unionists and Secessionists, AL i. 269,
270;
Fremont's career in, AL i. 349-351;
saved by Curtis's campaign, AL i. 351;

TOPICAL INDEX 309
refuses compensated emancipation, AL ii. 129, 130, CS 237;
Republican leaders of, declare against Lincoln, AL ii. 254,
255;
action of Missouri Republicans in national convention, AL
ii. 262, 263.
MISSOURI COMPROMISE,
struggle over, in Congress, JMon 147-151, JQA 119, JR
272, MVB 73, 74, 90, 91, HC i. 172, 177, 178, 184-200,
DW 267-269, JCC 73, 74, THB 39, 40, 43, WHS 9, 111,
116.
disapproved by Jefferson, TJ 291, 293;
discussion of its statesmanship, HC i. 195-200;
line of, extended through Texas, JCC 253, THB 276;
violated in extension of Missouri, THB 151, 152, WHS 116;
its extension proposed over new Territories, HC ii. 320, 334,
368, DW 286, 289, JCC 278, THB 295, 299, LC 239, 265,
AL i. 86, 90;
later denied to be binding on South, JCC 292, 308, AL i.
93, 94;
repealed in Kansas-Nebraska Act, THB 309, LC 294, AL
i. 94, WHS 117-127, TS 101, CS 103, 104, SPC 133-146;
declared unconstitutional in Dred Scott case, WHS 169-
171;
its renewal proposed in Crittenden compromise, WHS 215.
MONMOUTH,
see Military History.
MONROE DOCTRINE,
critical and historical study of, JMon 159-179;
bibliography of, J Mon 277-294;
anticipated in principle by J. Adams, JA 111, 268;
practically established by Hamilton and 'Washington, AH
161, 210, 211;
anticipated by Jefferson, TJ 208;
share of J. Q. Adams in establishing, JQA 129-148;
attitude of Clay toward, HC i. 209^210;
denounced in Congress, A J 137;
its relation to Panama Congress, MVB 124, HC i. 268, 269;

310 TOPICAL INDEX
Seward's theory of, WHS 110;
infringed by French conquest of Mexico, WHS 356, 358.
NASHVILLE CONVENTION,
originated by Calhoun, JCC 323, 324, 326;
called by Mississippi state convention, HC ii. 322, JCC 323;
its objects, HC ii. 322;
at first session denounces compromises, HC ii. 354;
at second session with small attendance disapproves of com
promise measures, HC ii. 374, JCC 327;
opinions concerning, HC ii. 378, DW 284.
NAVY,
begun by continental Congress, JA 109;
aided by Franklin, BF 300-303;
advocated by J. Adams, JA 275;
its exploits in Revolution, BF 300, 301;
upheld by Federalists under Washington and Adams, GM
253, 254, DW 44;
denounced by Republicans as unnecessary, GM 254, 303,
AG 123, 124, 130, 137, 157, 186, 188, 216, JR 120, 121,
179, 224, HC i. 80, THB 241;
badly administered by Smith, JR 159, 209;
Jefferson's gunboat scheme, AG 288, 289;
its career in War of 1812, GM 304, JR 251, HC i. 87, 98,
DW44, 45, 50, 51;
upheld by War Republicans, HC i. 80-82, JCC 27;
in Civil War, WHS 338.
NEBRASKA, admitted as a State, CS 316, 326.
NEGROES, see Congress, Fugitive Slave Law, Slavery, Slave Trade, and
Reconstruction.
NEUTRALITY PROCLAMATION,
see Diplomatic History.
NEWBURGH ADDRESSES,
their origin and control by Washington, GW ii. 335, AH
40, 41.

TOPICAL INDEX 311
NEW ENGLAND,
Colonial Period, 1750-1783,
character of its people, GW i. 138, 315, JA 17, JR 58, DW
124, THB 68;
democratic theories of government in, SA 49-57, LC 255;
influence of clergy in, JA 10, 11, 21;
disliked by Middle and Southern colonies, SA 306, J A 65-
67, 86, 132, 133, JR 19;
effect of Virginia Resolves in, PH 80, 82, 88;
separate confederation planned for in 1775, SA 306, BF 211 ;
its attitude toward Washington, GW i. 138, 139, 214;
its troops at first disliked, later praised by Washington, GW
i. 152, 317, 344;
excited by Burgoyne's invasion, GW i. 204, GM 60, 61 ;
distrusts Schuyler, GM 62;
demands appointment of Gates, GW i. 208, AH 18;
opposes half -pay scheme, GM 69;
demands rights to fisheries in treaty of peace, J J 143, 149;
approves treaty of peace, JJ 199, 200.
Period of Sectionalism, 1783-1815,
makes profits from slave trade, GM 139, 140;
sends emigrants to Ohio and the West, HC i. 13, THB 2,
LC 19, 158, GM 9, 10;
opposes molasses tax in first tariff, JMad 127;
welcomes Washington on tour as President, GW i. 74;
tour of Jefferson and Madison in, JMad 175;
angered at Orders in Council, J J 263;
denounces Jay Treaty, AH 187, JJ 281, 282;
wishes war with France, AH 199;
stronghold of Federalist party, GM 281, TJ 192, JMad 243,
AG 163, DW 41, 45;
hates Jefferson and Madison, AH 220, GM 302, 303, TJ
192, 193, JMad 311;
jealous of West, GM 300, THB 69;
Democratic gains in, TJ 193;
denounces embargo, TJ 276, 279, JMad 279, AG 293, JQA
52, AJ 32, DW 43, THB 84, LC 54;

312 TOPICAL INDEX
NEW ENGLAND (continued),
opposes war with England, JMad 296, JQA 47, 48;
intrigues of John Henry in, JMad 298-301, HC i. 82;
plots secession, AH 243, GM 310, 311, JMad 299-301, AG
213, HC i. 82, 85, 89, 99, 106, DW46;
error of Madison's policy toward, J Mad 310, JCC 27;
its part iu War of 1812, JMad 311, THB 8;
tries to keep militia independent, GM 310;
condemns attack oil Canada, JMad 310, HC i. 89;
refuses to subscribe to loans, AG 212, 213;
hopes of England to reunite, AG 313;
calls Hartford Convention, JMad 311 ;
ceases opposition after peace of Ghent, AJ 51.
Period of Industrialism, 1815-1870,
opposes tariff of 1816, HC i. 130, DW 153, 157;
prominence of bar in, DW 34, 35;
opposes tariff of 1824, HC i. 219, DW 153, 157;
popularity of Calhoun in, AJ104, DW 60;
votes for Adams in 1824, JQA 169, HC i. 226, DW 140,
144;
turns from free trade to protection, AJ 237, 244, HC i. 286,
DW 162-165, THB 60, LC 142;
supports Adams in 1828, A J 148, HC i. 288;
denounced by Hayne, DW 168, 169, 176, 177;
acquiesces in compromise tariff, DW 218;
Jackson's tour in, A J 350 ;
popularity of Van Buren in, MVB 280;
applauds J. Q. Adams's course in Congress, JQA 232;
becomes stronghold of Whig party, DW 146;
less given to speculation than the West, THB 113;
military inferiority of, THB 34, 50;
disapproves annexations, THB 50;
how affected by Webster's Seventh of March speech, HC
ii. 341;
does not fear secession in 1859, THB 314;
speeches of Lincoln in, AL i. 155;
Republican stronghold in 1862, TS 221.

TOPICAL INDEX 313
NEW HAMPSHIRE,
character of its settlers, DW 4;
guards Tories during Revolution, JJ 62;
takes part in Vermont trouble, J J 94;
suffers from paper money craze, LC 37;
appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59;
ratifies federal Constitutiou, JMad 115, LC 36, 37;
its bar, DW 34-36;
importance of established church in, DW 73, 74;
a Federalist stronghold, DW 73;
kept out of Hartford Convention by Webster's influence,
DW56;
political excitement in, over Dartmouth College case, DW
74-76, 81;
carried by Republicans, DW 76;
popularity of Calhoun in, AJ 105;
Democratic party in, built up by Hill, AJ186, 187;
bitterness of politics in, A J 273, 274;
proposes a convention to nominate Van Buren, AJ 317;
urges reduction of tariff, A J 335;
calls for Wilmot Proviso, LC 233.
NEW JERSEY,
appoints Franklin agent, BF 138;
its Assembly disapproves of Stamp Act Congress, PH 81 ;
ravages of British in, during War of Revolution, G W i. 185 ;
gives large powers to delegates to Annapolis Convention,
AH 54, JMad 59, 60;
votes for Adams in 1828, A J 148;
opposes reduction of tariff, A J 335;
disputed congressional election in, JQA 290-292;
passes Wilmot Proviso resolutions, LC 233;
carried by Democrats in 1856, LC 323;
divides electoral vote in 1860, LC 339;
carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 125.
NEW MEXICO,
slavery prohibited in, JCC 310;
its conquest the object of Mexican War, JCC 277, AL i. 86;

314 TOPICAL INDEX
conquered by Kearny, HC ii. 285;
question of possibility of slavery in, JCC 310, 311, WHS
69, 92, 98, SPC 120, HC ii. 368, 369;
organization proposed by Polk and others, HC ii. 320, JCC
312;
protests against introduction of slavery, HC ii. 321, DW
290, JCC 315, CS 66;
urged by Taylor to form a state constitution, HC ii. 322,
326, THB 293, AL i. 87;
its boundary dispute with Texas, HC ii. 351 ;
organized by compromise of 1850, HC ii. 332, 363, LC 283,
AL i. 91;
its admission as a slave State proposed in 1861, TS 126, 129;
peonage abolished in, CS 329.
NEW ORLEANS,
its acquisition desired by Jefferson, TJ 207-211, 214, 216,
JR 75, 76, A J 22, 23;
privilege of deposit at, cut off by Spain, TJ 212, JR 74;
Claiborne's career at, JR 115;
defense of by Jackson in 1815, JQA 96, 97, AJ 35, 44-50,
MVB 63, HC i. 117, 118;
Jackson's attempt to keep it under martial law, A J 53-56;
Butler's administration of, objected to by English, WHS
342, CFA 243-248.
NEW YORK,
Colonial and Revolutionary Period, to 1783,
early society in, GW i. 99, GM 18, 23;
mixed nationalities, J J 1, 2, 8, GM 8-12;
aristocracy in, GM'l, 2, 12, 13;
lower classes, GM 15, J J 29, 30;
merchant classes, GM 13, 19, JJ 2;
religious sects in, GM 8, 11, 15-17;
case of Cosby vs Van Dam in, JJ 75, AH 237;
part played by, in French and Indian wars, GM 3;
position of Iroquois in, LC 4;
demands rights of Englishmen, GM 6, 12;
opposes Stamp Act, J J 4, 5;

TOPICAL INDEX 315
composition of Whig party in, GM 17-19, JJ 30;
origin and strength of Tories in, GM 6, 16, 17, 33, AH 67;
bar of, before and after Revolution, TJ 15, 16, MVB 20-29;
opposition in, to non-importation, JJ 24-27, 37;
its Assembly controlled by Loyalists, AH 7, GM 18, 19, 28,
29, J J 22, 39;
dislikes to pay taxes, GM 32;
sympathizes with Boston, GM 30;
establishes committees of correspondence, J J 23;
proposes common action of colonies, J J 27;
mobs in, against Tories, AH 10 11, GM 26, 37, 39, JJ 46;
elects revolutionary committees and congresses, GM 29, 30,
JJ 37, 39;
elects delegates to Congress, J J 29, 30, 38, 39, 46;
considers plan to issue paper money, GM 20;
slow to support radical actions of Congress, GM 31, 37-39,
J J 48, 49;
requests Congress to issue paper money, GM 33;
begins to prepare for war, AH 12, GM 31, JJ 40;
proposes plans of reconciliation, GM 34, 36;
protests against Quebec Act, GM 35, J J 77;
welcomes both Washington and Tryon, GM 37, 38;
opposes invasion of Canada, GM 39;
issues paper money, GM 40;
ratifies Declaration of Independence, GM 41, 51, JJ 53;
battles in, during Revolution, GW i. 159-169, JJ 55, 56;
occupation of part of, by British, GW i. 177, 264, GM 41,
46, J J 54, 55;
anarchy in, during Revolution, GM 42, JJ 58, 59, 87, 88;
persecutes Loyalists, GM 33, 52, JJ 59-62, 89-91;
convention of, drafts constitution, GM 52-58, JJ 68;
organizes government, GM 58, 59, JJ 79;
elects Clinton Governor, GM 59, J J 82;
invaded by Burgoyne, GM 59, 60, J J 83-86;
elects Morris and Jay delegates to Congress, GM 66, 85, JJ
96, 103;
quarrels with Vermont, GM 83-85, JJ 94-96, 102, 103, 217;
evacuated by British, GW i. 345.

316 TOPICAL INDEX
NEW YORK (continued),
History as a State, 1783-1863,
refuses to reform taxes, AH 34, J J 47;
continues to persecute Tories, AH 45^47;
quarrels with neighboring States, AH 51-53;
recommends a closer union, AH 34;
rejects schemes for a federal revenue, AH 55, JMad 36, 37 ;
elects delegates to Annapolis Convention, AH 54, JMad 59;
opposition in, to new constitution, AH 64, 65;
struggle in, over ratification, AH 69-75, GM 144, JJ 228-
233;
ratifies with amendments, PH 345, AH 72, 78, JMad 115;
proposes a second convention, PH 345, AH 79;
prevented from choosing electors or congressmen, AH 79;
formation of two parties in, TJ 243, GM 283, 284;
partly carried by Federalists in 1789, AH 80, 81;
emigrants from, in West, THB 2, LC 124, 156;
election of 1792 in, GM 284, 285, JJ 240-252;
tour of Madison and Jefferson in, JMad 175, 176;
elects Jay Governor, GM 284, 285, J J 284;
rioting in, against Jay treaty, GW ii. 187, AH 187, JJ 282,
JMad 213, AG 103;
yellow fever in, JJ 285-287;
rejects bills to abolish slavery, JJ 288, 291;
reelects Jay, JJ 292 ;
appropriates money for defense, AH 205, J J 292, 293;
passes Emancipation Act, J J 293;
elects Morris to Senate, GM 285;
carried by Burr for Republicans, AH 223, GM 286, JJ 295,
AG 163;
proposal of Hamilton to retain part of its electoral vote for
Federalists, AH 224, 225, GM 286, JJ 295, 296;
difficulties in, between Jay and Council of Appointment, JJ
297, 298;
elects convention to settle question of appointing power, JJ
298, MVB 45, 46;
governorship of Clinton in, JR 230, 231 ;

TOPICAL INDEX 317
development of spoils system in, AJ 131-133, MVB 46-57,
HC i. 333, THB 72, 73, LC 139, WHS 24-26;
refuses to reelect Morris to Senate, GM 295;
divisions of Republican party of, into Clintonian and Living-
stonian factions, MVB 40-45, 51, 52, WHS 7;
defeat of Burr for Governor, AH 243;
votes for George Clinton for President in 1808, JR 233;
votes for DeWitt Clinton in 1812, MVB 58, 59;
takes war measures, MVB 61, 62, THB 8;
thanks Jackson after battle of New Orleans, MVB 63;
division of Republican party of, into Clintonians and Buck-
tails, MVB 65 67;
building of Erie Canal in, GM 295, MVB 65;
popularity of Clinton in, MVB 66;
elects King Senator, MVB 69;
carried by Bucktails in 1820, MVB 73;
elects Van Buren to Senate, MVB 76;
opposes admission of Missouri as a slave State, MVB 74;
holds constitutional convention, MVB 77-87;
animosity in, toward judiciary, MVB 84-86,
popularity of Calhoun in, A J 104, LC 206, 207;
indignation in, oyer Clinton's removal from canal commis-
sionership, MVB 109, 110;
settles electoral vote of 1824 by a deal in Legislature, JQA
169, 173, AJ 111, 113, 115, MVB 109-115;
elects Clinton Governor, MVB 110, 113, 147, 148;
visited by Lafayette, WHS 6;
controlled by Albany Regency, AJ 111, MVB 111, THB
164;
reelects Van Buren Senator, MVB 147;
reorganization of parties in, A J 292;
rise of Anti-Masons in, AJ 290-293, HC i. 342, WHS 11,
12, MVB 167;
instructs Van Buren to vote for tariff of 1828, AJ 251,
MVB 144;
casts electoral vote of 1828 by districts. AJ 148, MVB 166-
168, JCC 83;

318 TOPICAL INDEX
NEW YORK (continued),
governorship of Van Buren in, MVB 168-176;
incurs debt for internal improvements, WHS 22, 23;
asks Jackson to accept a second term, A J 402;
passes resolutions against Bank, AJ 316;
opposes nullification, A J 335;
election of 1832 in, WHS 13;
election of 1834 in, WHS 19;
rise and history of Locofoco party in, AJ 433^438;
bread riots in, during panic of 1837, MVB 314, 315;
sympathy in, for Canadian insurgents, MVB 353, 363, 369;
elects Seward Governor, MVB 342, THB 174, WHS 21;
election of Clay delegates from, prevented by a trick, HC
ii. 176-179;
arrests and tries McLeod, DW 241, THB 239, LC 176,
178, WHS 28-31;
refuses to release McLeod on request of United States, DW
242, 243, THB 240, LC 176, WHS 30, 31;
Native American movement in, JCC 213;
visited by Cass, LC 197;
enthusiasm in, for Clay, HC ii. 230;
carried by Polk in 1844, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 265, 266,
LC 222, WHS 39, 45, 47;
struggle in, between Hunkers and Barnburners, HC ii. 304,
305, LC 240, 242;
supports Wilmot Proviso, MVB 417, 418, LC 233;
carried by Whigs in 1848, MVB 422, 431, HC ii. 314, LC
243, 261, WHS 50, 55;
elects Seward Senator, WHS 55 ;
struggle between Seward and Fillmore for control of patron
age in, WHS 96;
Free-Soil movement in, collapses, LC 290, 291 ;
campaign of 1854 in, WHS 138-140;
carried by Know-Nothings in 1855, WHS 152;
corruption in, under Weed's control, SPC 184-187;
Lincoln's speech of 1859 in, AL i. 153-155;
election of 1860 in, MVB 445, SPC 180;

TOPICAL INDEX 319
threatens secession in 1861, ALi. 197;
carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220;
draft riots in, AL ii. 196, 197.
NEWSPAPERS, Colonial to 1783,
" New England Courant," published by Franklin, BF 5;
importance of Boston press during taxation controversy, SA
9, 119;
" Boston Gazette," organ of Whigs before Revolution, SA
48, 116, 119, 120;
use of " Boston Gazette " by the Adamses, S A 119, 123, 125,
137, 172, 174, 213, 214,270, 326, JA 81;
"Massachusetts Gazette," organ of Tories, SA 119;
" Chronicle," Tory paper suppressed by mob in Boston, SA
139;
" Pennsylvania Gazette," published by Franklin, its charac
ter and success, BF 12, 23, 44;
use of English papers, " London Chronicle " and " Public
Advertiser," by Franklin, BF 47, 182;
destruction of New York Tory press by mob, AH 11, GM
39, JJ 25, 37, 46.
Republican and Federalist Press, 1783-1815,
"Fenno's Gazette," used by Hamilton as Federalist organ,
GW ii. 230, AH 141, TJ 119;
" National Gazette," established under Freneau as Republi
can organ, GW ii. 227, 228, AH 141, TJ 119-121, JMad
168-172;
newspaper attack of Hamilton on Jefferson, AH 143, 145,
TJ 121;
" National Gazette," attacks Washington, GW ii. 238, JMad
205;
" Aurora," under Bache attacks Washington and Federalists,
GWii. 256, AG 104;
virulence of newspaper abuse in Adams's administration,
GM281;
Richmond "Recorder," slanders Jefferson, TJ 202, 203;
" Boston Patriot," used by Adams to attack Federalists;
" Niles Register," celebrates battle of New Orleans, JQA 96.

320 TOPICAL INDEX
NEWSPAPERS (continued),
Party Newspapers, 1815-1840,
value attached to party organ by politicians, MVB 191, 192;
"Niles Register," denounces banks, A J 269;
" Detroit Gazette," urges education, LC 27;
Crawford's Georgia papers attack Calhoun, JCC 53;
" Albany Argus," the organ of Albany Regency, MVB 191 ;
" Columbia Telescope," wishes a Southern convention against
the tariff in 1824, JCC 65;
Clay publishes cards on election of 1824 in " National In
telligencer," HC i. 242, 243;
" North American Review," under Everett and Palfrey,
CFA 17, 18, CS 14;
newspaper controversy over Calhoun's presidency of Sen
ate, A J 141 ;
" Telegraph," started as Jackson organ at Washington, AJ
134, 144, 185, 191, HC ii. 280;
party press organized to oppose Adams's administration,
A J 133, 134, 186, 202;
" Virginia Jackson Republican," denounces Tyler, HC i.
279;
" Niles Register," advocates protection, AJ 245;
its ignorance of English politics, AJ 178;
newspaper excitement in campaign of 1828, HC i. 278, 288;
" Albany Evening Journal," becomes Anti-Masonic and
Whig organ, WHS 12;
" New York Courier and Enquirer," favors Van Buren for
succession, A J 201;
papers subsidized by Bank, A J 305;
"Telegraph," supports Calhoun against Jackson, MVB 191,
AJ 201, 206;
" National Intelligencer," upholds Bank and becomes Whig
organ, A J 305;
" Globe," started to be Jackson organ after defection of
" Telegraph," MVB 191, 194, 247, THB 222, A J 206, HC
i.350, LC161;
" Globe," becomes despotic head of party, AJ 207, 208, 325,
326;

TOPICAL INDEX 321
drives Democratic party into support of Van Buren, AJ
317, 318;
"Liberator," started, JCC 121, CFA 65, CS 16;
" Harrisburg Telegraph," praises Stevens' speech on free
schools, TS 33;
"Niles Register," gives origin of name Whig, AJ 439,
HCii. 45;
"Globe," accuses Poindexter of inciting attempt to murder
Jackson, A J 433;
" New York Evening Post," acts as organ of Equal Rights
party, AJ 436, MVB 344;
" New York Post," opposes gag rule, MVB 271 ;
" New York Post," read out of party by " Globe," A J 436;
" Courier and Enquirer," nicknames Equal Rights party,
Locofocos, A J 436;
" Globe," deprived of House printing under Van Buren,
MVB 338;
"Philadelphia Gazette," gives reasons for panic of 1839,
MVB 371;
behavior of newspapers in campaign of 1840, MVB 388,
393, HC ii. 193.
Rise of Modern Journalism, 1840-1865,
" New York Herald," begins sensational journalism, CFA
66, 67, LC 201, 202;
characteristics of newspapers in the middle of the century,
CFA 64-66, 72, 73;
small circulation of leading papers, CFA 66 ;
" Boston Daily Advertiser," acts as organ of Webster,
CFA 65;
" Globe's " editor displaced by Polk, THB 281;
" Richmond Enquirer," gives reasons for Calhoun's nomina
tion to State Department, JCC 260;
Liberty party newspapers, SPC 61, 62;
"Democratic Review," criticises Calhoun's use of Paken-
ham's dispatches, JCC 241;
"National Intelligencer," denounces Mexican War Bill,
CFA 73;

322 TOPICAL INDEX
NEWSPAPERS (continued),
career of " Boston Whig," under C. F. Adams, CFA 50, 51,
63-69, 82, 87;
" Albany Evening Journal," under Weed, supports Seward
against Fillmore, WHS 97;
"Detroit Tribune," demands a new party in 1854, LC
304;
" Richmond Enquirer " and " Charleston Mercury," de
nounce Cass, LC 306, 349;
" Evening Post " and " New York Tribune," applaud Lin
coln's New York speech, AL i. 155;
" Central Illinois Gazette," proposes Lincoln for President,
ALi. 161;
South Carolina papers urge secession, AL i. 185;
" New York Tribune," condemns Lincoln and urges letting
South separate, AL i. 191, 192, ii. 270;
"New York Herald," holds coercion impossible, AL i.
193;
" Springfield Republican," calls for " an hour of Jackson,"
LC 349;
" Richmond Examiner," abuses Lincoln and the Republi
cans, AL i. 209;
influence of " New York Tribune," AL ii. 106;
it prints " Prayer of Twenty Millions," AL ii. 105;
" Tribune," attacks Lincoln's veto of reconstruction bill,
AL ii. 234;
attitude of London " Times," CFA 150, 231-233, 238, 243,
292, 303, 304, 395;
comments of English press on Civil War, CFA 230, 239,
241-243, 292, 293, 300.
NICARAGUA, relations of England with, under Clayton-Bulwer treaty,
DW 327;
filibustering in, LC 315, 316;
treaty with, concerning canal, WHS 391.
NOMINATIONS, see Party Organization.

TOPICAL INDEX 323
NON-IMPORTATION In Revolutionary Struggle,
used against Stamp Act, BF 115, 116, SA 45, 66;
its effects in England, BF 173, 175, 176, SA 67;
urged later by Franklin, BF 173, 175;
used against Townshend duties, SA 90, 97, 267, JJ 22, TJ 16;
revived by " Solemn League and Covenant," SA 268, 270;
renewed by continental Congress, SA 287, JJ 29, 34, 35;
In Napoleonic Wars,
proposed in 1794 against England, TJ 149;
adopted in 1806, TJ 257, JMad 260, 261, JQA 40, 49, JR
172, 176;
suspended, TJ 262, 263, JMad 261;
renewed after repeal of embargo, JMad 271, AG 293, JQA
56, JR 226, HC i. 71, 73;
raised, then renewed by proclamation, JMad 274, 277, HC
i. 73, 75;
maintained during War of 1812, JCC 23, 24.
NORTH, Elements of Sectionalism to 1820,
its attitude on slavery in eighteenth century, JCC 169, 170;
ignores Southern interests in proposing surrender of Missis
sippi navigation in 1787, PH 307, JJ 219, 211, JMad 77-
80;
in federal convention, shows jealousy of West, GM 126,
128, JMad 77;
clashes with South over slavery compromises, GM 140, JMad
94-109;
shows sectional feeling in opposing Louisiana purchase,
JQA 35;
opposes embargo, JQA 52, 53.
Beginnings of Sectional Feeling, 1820-1844,
its attitude toward slavery in 1820, MVB 91, 92, HC i. 173,
AL i. 84, WHS 10, CS 38;
first acts against slavery extension in Missouri compromise
struggle, JQA 122, 123, HC i. 174-178, 184-189, THB
38, 39;

324 TOPICAL INDEX
NORTH (continued),
reasons for its acquiescence in compromise, MVB 93, HC i.
178, CFA 54;
its economic superiority to South becomes evident, MVB
91, HC ii. 154, AL i. 84, WHS 190, 191;
favors tariff, MVB 143;
denounces nullification, HC ii. 7, THB 94;
Jackson's and Clay's tours in, HC ii. 7, 25, LC 153, AJ 350;
humanitarian movement in, SPC 121, CFA 56;
causes for rise of abolitionism in, SPC 35, 36;
alarmed at abolitionists, HC ii. 73, THB 143;
persecutes abolitionists, HC ii. 75-78, JCC 121, 133, THB
146-148, LC 178, CS 39, 40;
how affected by abolitionists, HC ii. 78;
stirred up by anti-slavery petition struggle in Congress, HC
ii. 153, JCC 124, 166, LC 198, 199;
considered socially inferior to South by Calhoun, JCC 175,
176;
protests against annexation of Texas, HC ii. 236;
adopts a new attitude of opposition to slavery after 1840,
MVB 437, DW 237, JCC 133, CS 41;
shows cowardice in not wishing war ou boundary question,
THB 236, 237.
Sectional Action against Extension of Slavery,
1844-1861,
denounces Calhoun's Pakenham letter, JCC 241-244;
attempts of Webster to rouse it against Texas annexation,
DW 280, 281;
unpopularity of Mexican War in, HC ii. 289, JCC 281;
instructs Senators and Representatives to vote for Wilmot
Proviso, HC ii. 286, 302, 323, DW 289, JCC 282, 283, 290,
291, LC 233, AL i. 86;
possibility of its forming a sectional party foretold by Clay,
HC ii. 325, 326;
opposes Texan boundary claims, HC ii. 331;
appealed to by Clay to compromise with South, HC ii. 325,
334, 337;

TOPICAL INDEX 325
its Union sentiment undervalued by South, HC ii. 391 ;
does not appreciate earnestness of South, HC ii. 390;
its grievances according to Webster, DW 294, 296;
effect of the Seventh of March speech upon, DW 315, 316,
LC 278, 279, WHS 80;
its feelings on slavery not understood by South, HC ii. 371,
JCC 179, CFA 53;
impossibility of its yielding to Calhoun's theory, JCC 295,
296, 311, WHS 71, 72;
reasons for its yielding to South, JCC 149, 298-303, TS 83,
84;
alarmed by disunion threats into favoring compromise of
1850, HC ii. 341-343, JCC 342;
unable to satisfy South, JCC 207, HC i. 159;
agitation in, to suppress anti-slavery agitation, HC ii. 377,
378, 386, 387, LC 285, 286, 290, WHS 114;
impossibility of its ceasing agitation, JCC 343, CS 128;
exasperated at Fugitive Slave Law, HC ii. 370-376, DW
297-299, LC 284, WHS 98-101;
denounces Douglas for Kansas-Nebraska Act, LC 295, 300,
AL i. 95, WHS 121, 128, SPC 146, TS 102;
disappearance of old parties in, LC 300, AL i. 99, 100;
its interpretation of squatter sovereignty, WHS 64;
sends emigrants to settle Kansas, LC 300, WHS 152, CS
132;
enraged at Kansas troubles, WHS 163;
angered at assault on Sumner, WHS 164, CS 152, 153;
denounces Dred Scott decision, AL i. 103;
passes Personal Liberty Laws, SPC 163, 164, CS 121, 122;
continues to dislike abolitionists, AL i. 115, TS 133, 134;
effect of Lincoln's " House divided against itself " speech
upon, AL i. 120, 156, 157;
carried by Lincoln in election of 1860, LC 339, AL i. 178,
SPC 196;
guilty of causing secession, according to Buchanan, TS
116;
repudiates Buchanan's doctrine of secession, LC 342.

326 TOPICAL INDEX
NORTH (continued).
Contest with Southern Confederacy, 1861-1865,
panic in, during winter of 1861, LC 350, AL i. 181, 190-195,
231, TS 130, CFA 118-121, CS 181;
movement in, to allow peaceable secession, AL i. 192, 193,
SPC 199, 200, CFA 149-152;
demands compromises, AL i. 194, WHS 209, CFA 133, 134,
CS 184, 189-194;
rallied by Lincoln on issue of saving the Union, AL i. 226-
228, TS 134, 135;
war enthusiasm in, LC 350-353, AL i. 251, 252, 255, 271,
272, ii. 1, SPC 211, TS 137, 138;
compared with South in fighting qualities, THB 34, AL i.
253, 254, CFA 162;
doubts Lincoln's ability, AL i. 273-275, CFA 124;'
cries " on to Richmond," AL i. 299, 300;
sobered after battle of Bull Run, AL i. 302;
impatient with unsuccessful generals, AL i. 311-314, ii. 70,
71, 142, 143;
expects English sympathy, AL i. 369, WHS 271, CFA 154,
CS 208;
rejoices at capture of Mason and Slidell, AL i. 281, CFA
211, 226, CS 209, 210;
grows to hate England during war, AL i. 386, CFA 172,
233-235, CS 208, 248-253;
growth of anti-slavery feeling in, AL ii. 11-15, 131, TS
212;
opposition in, to war, AL ii. 95-97;
the masses in, trust Lincoln, AL ii. 105, 200, 201;
effect of Emancipation Proclamation in, AL ii. 121, 123, TS
223, 224;
sends food ships to England, CFA 276, 277;
discouraged by French offer of mediation, AL ii. 174, 175;
decay of war enthusiasm in, AL ii. 194-198, WHS 327, TS
195;
draft riots in, AL ii. 196, 197 ;
really under Lincoln's dictatorship, AL ii. 286;

TOPICAL INDEX 327
rejoices at end of war, AL ii. 328, 340;
angered at anti-negro laws of South, TS 254, 255, CS 307;
political effects of war upon, CFA 377.
NORTH CAROLINA,
Western emigration from, HC i. 14, 16, THB 2;
Greene's campaign in, GW i, 301, 302;
appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59;
its war debt, JMad 151 ;
postpones ratification of Constitution, AH 74, GM 143,
JMad 115-118;
having ratified Constitution, sends Congressmen, who defeat
assumption of state debt, AH 121, JMad 141, 142;
opposition in, to excise law, AH 179, 180;
passes relief laws, A J 152;
denounces tariff, A J 256, 257, 335;
does not favor nullification, AJ 257, 261,335, THB 88;
nominates Clay for presidency, HC ii. 230;
opposes both secession and coercion, AL i. 182, 183;
urged by Mississippi to secede, AL i. 188;
refuses to furnish troops, AL i. 255 ;
secedes, AL i. 269;
reconstruction of, WHS 377, TS 246, 247, CS 293;
carpet-bag government in, TS 301.
NORTHWEST,
its early settlement by French, LC 3-14, 20-24;
claims of States over its territory, ceded to United States,
JMon 23; '
ordinance of 1787 for government of, JMon 25, 26, HC i.
28, 29, DW 272, LC 122, ALi. 82;
developed by American immigrants, LC 1-3, 158 ;
Cass's governorship of, LC 30, 33, 88-132;
Indians in, LC 100, 115, 126, 127, 141;
national feeling in, LC 55, 56, 302;
expansionist feeling in, LC 226, 227;
anti-slavery feeling in, LC 234, 249, 254-260, 303;
political character of, LC 156-158, 223, 256-258, 357;
rise of Republican party in, LC 301, 302, 339.

328 TOPICAL INDEX
NULLIFICATION, proposed in Kentucky resolutions, JMad 240, AJ 252-255,
JCC 79-82;
proposed by Calhoun and others in South Carolina, AJ 251,
260, DW 167, HC i. 347, ii. 2, 3, JCC 81, 82;
debated by Webster and Hayne, DW 169-175, THB 70,
71, MVB 188;
carried out in 1832, A J 327, 328, DW 207, JCC 103, THB
84, 85,90, LC 145;
Jackson's proclamation against, AJ 328-330, DW 207,
THB 90, LC 148, HC ii. 7;
opinions of statesmen on, JMar 254, JMad 236-240, JQA
235, 236, JR 301, 302, AJ 330-335, DW 210, LC 147,
MVB 198, 199, 248, 249;
discussions of, HC ii. 3, 4, DW 210, JCC 80, 99, 100, 111,
144, 145, THB 85, 86, LC 144.
OHIO, lateness of its discovery and settlement, LC 5;
early settlement of, HC i. 13, LC 4, 5, 40, 43, 255, SPC 14,
15, 28;
first religious activities in, SPC 4;
early education in, LC 26, 27;
characteristics of Western Reserve in, LC 255-258;
adopts a Democratic constitution, LC 43, 44;
rivalry in between northern and southern sections, SPC 29;
early legal practice in, LC 45-47;
investigates Burr conspiracy, LC 49, 50;
impeaches judges for declaring a law unconstitutional, LC
52;
its part in War of 1812, LC 85;
favors Jackson as second choice in 1824, AJ 115, HC i. 233;
Anti-Masonry in, A J 293;
journey of Clay in, HC i. 340, 341;
early anti-slavery action in, SPC 33-39, 43, 44;
has boundary controversy with Michigan, A J 446, 447;
nominates McLean for President, AJ 444;

TOPICAL INDEX 329
fugitive slave cases in, SPC 73-75, 80, 81, 165-170;
abolitionists in, oppose Whigs, HC ii. 164;
strength of Whig party in, LC 156 ;
rise of Liberty party in, SPC 84, 86, 93, 94;
Whigs of, nominate Clay for President, HC ii. 230;
passes resolutions in favor of Wilmot Proviso, LC 233;
Free Territory convention in, LC 251, SPC 96, 97;
anti-slavery spirit of Western Reserve, LC 254-256;
carried by Cass in election of 1848, LC 259, WHS 51;
struggle in, over organization of Legislature, SPC 105-
107;
elects Chase to Senate, LC 264, SPC 104-112;
repeals Black Laws, SPC 107;
career of Free- Soil party in, SPC 131, 132;
elects Wade to Senate, HC ii. 405;
declines to reelect Chase, SPC 133;
carried by Republicans in 1854, LC 308, SPC 151;
elects Chase Governor, SPC 154-156;
Chase's administration of, SPC 156-158, 161, 162;
campaign of 1858 in, AL i. 151 ;
reelects Chase Governor, SPC 162, 163;
elects Chase to Senate, SPC 181;
carried by Democrats in election of 1862, AL ii. 124, TS
220;
career of Vallandigham in, AL ii. 184, 185;
carried by Union party in 1865, AL ii. 192;
renominates Lincoln in 1864, AL ii. 251, SPC 314;
ratifies Fifteenth Amendment, SPC 372.
OGDEN vs SAUNDERS,
see Constitution.
ORDERS IN COUNCIL,
see Diplomatic History and England.
OREGON,
exploration and settlement of, HC ii. 279;
joint occupation of, AG 335, 343, 347, HC ii. 278, JCC 261,
THB 249, 250, LC 229;
bill to occupy, JCC 262, THB 251;

330 TOPICAL INDEX
demand of West for, HC ii. 280, JCC 265, THB 254, LC
226;
its reoccupation demanded by Democrats in 1844, HC ii.
252, DW 258, LC 226;
its boundaries settled by compromise with England, HC ii.
282, 283, DW 259, JCC 273, THB 254, LC 230;
bill to organize it without slavery fails in Senate, HC ii.
303, DW 286, JCC 306, THB 289, 290;
votes against slavery, HC ii. 303, JCC 306;
organized in 1848, HC ii. 313, DW 287, JCC 314, LC 262;
carried by Republicans in 1862, AL ii. 125.
" ORETO," see Diplomatic History.
OSBORN vs BANK OP UNITED STATES,
see Constitution.
OSTEND MANIFESTO,
see Diplomatic History.
PANAMA CONGRESS,
participation in, recommended by Adams, JQA 189, JR
284,285, MVB 122, HC i. 267, DW 136, THB 57,58;
Clay's attitude in support of, MVB 124, HC i. 268-271;
debate over in Congress, JMon 176, JQA 189, 190, JR
285-287, AJ 137, MVB 126-131, HC i. 293, 294, DW
136, 137;
reasons why opposed by the South, JQA 191, MVB 127,
HC i. 271, 272, DW 136, THB 46;
mission to, declined by Gallatin, AG 342;
discussed, MVB 125.
PANICS, see Financial History.
PAPER MONEY,
see Financial History.
PARSON'S CAUSE,
see Index to Henry.
PARTY ORGANIZATION,
see Civil Service and references under names of parties;

TOPICAL INDEX 331
early presidential nominations by congressional caucus, TJ
234, JMad 296, JR 228;
use of convention by Federalists in 1812, A J 294;
movement against Congressional caucus iu 1824, AJ 109,
110, HC i. 222, MVB 237;
failure of Republican caucus in 1824, AG 357, 358, AJ 110,
MVB 106, 107, HCi. 223;
nomination by state legislatures, AJ 112, 113, HC i.
226;
machine politics in New York, A J 111, 132;
development of party management by Lewis and Jackson,
A J 95-97, 133-136;
theatrical aspects of party organization, A J 97, 118, 136;
invention of national conventions by Anti-Masons, AJ 293-
295, HC i. 342, 344, WHS 12;
use of national conventions by National Republicans, AJ
298, HCi. 357, MVB 246;
the convention system adopted by Democrats, A J 318, MVB
237-241, HC i. 378, 379;
the two-thirds rule in Democratic convention, AJ 441, 442,
MVB 238, 257-259, 408-410, HC ii. 252, JCC 213, 214, 243,
LC 201, 202, 217, 338,339, AL i. 163-165, WHS 189, 193,
TS 110, 111;
autocratic character of Democratic organization, AJ 439,
440, HC i. 320, THB 164;
prominent part played by office-holders in party manage
ment, AJ 439, 441, HC ii. 197, 198, JCC 199, 200, THB
162;
party press under Jackson, MVB 191, 192, AJ 133, 134,
207, 208, 325, 326;
temporary return to nominations by legislatures, in 1836,
A J 443, 444.
PEACE CONFERENCE,
called by Virginia, its failure, AL i. 203, WHS 217, SPC
204, CFA 126, CS 182, 192, 194.
PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN,
see Military History.

332 TOPICAL INDEX
PENNSYLVANIA, Colonial and Revolutionary,
settlers in, AG 45, THB 3;
shows reluctance to take measures of self-defence against
Indians, BF 39, 49, 52, GW i. 72, 83;
has controversy with proprietors over taxation, BF 60-64,
69, 72, 73, 90-99;
wishes to be made a crown colony, BF 63, 64, 91-93 ;
labors of Franklin in behalf of, BF 66-72, 101, 102;
mob in, against Stamp Act, BF 109;
strongly opposes independence, SA 311, JA 67;
begins to prepare for war, PH 133;
adopts a state constitution, BF 211;
fails to help Washington, GW i. 225;
remonstrates with Washington for putting army into win
ter quarters, GWi. 229;
fails to protect Congress from mutineers, AH 41 ;
compromises with mutinous soldiers, GW i. 292.
History as a State, 1783-1865,
education in, AG 45, TS 34-45;
early society in, GM 86, 94-96, AG 47, 48;
emigration from, into West, HC i. 13-16, LC 255;
grants, then revokes, and again grants charter to Bank of
North America, AG 249, 250;
refuses its consent to five-per-cent. scheme, JMad 37;
quarrels with Connecticut, AH 51, JJ 45;
sends delegates to. Annapolis Convention, JMad 55, 59;
elements of Anti-Federalist party in, GM 144;
ratifies federal Constitution, GM 144, AG 35;
demands a second federal convention, AG 37-40;
constitutional convention in, AG 40-43;
career of Gallatin in its legislature, AG 45-47, 55, 60;
its debt after Revolution, JMad 151, AG 46;
proposal to have national capital in, JMad 141, 142;
elects Gallatin Senator, AG 47, 58;
western counties of, resist excise and threaten secession,
GW ii. 123, AH 179, 180, GM 311, AG 48-55;

TOPICAL INDEX 333
whiskey rebellion in, suppressed, AH 180-182, GW ii.
123-130, AG 67-96;
protests against Jay Treaty, AG 103;
abolishes slavery, AG 140;
protests against war with France, AG 149;
petitions against Alien and Sedition acts, AG 157;
carried by Republicans, in 1800, AH 223, AG 163;
spoils system used in, GM 281, HC i. 333, THB 72;
wishes war in 1812, HC i. 83, 85;
offers to take two millions of war loan, AG 214;
popularity of Calhoun in, AJ 104, 112, JCC 58, 59;
denounces congressional nominating caucus, AJ 110;
conventions in, nominate Jackson, AJ 112, 113, HC i. 226;
adheres steadily to Jackson, AJ 115, 232, 244, 316, HC i.
286, JCC 83;
its vote, in 1828, AG 148, THB 116;
asks Jackson to accept a second term, AJ 202;
favors a high tariff, A J 232, 244, 335;
career of Anti-Masonic party in, AJ 293, TS 29, 30, 32, 34,
46;
instructs Senators to vote for Bank, THB 116;
free-school struggle in, TS 36;
carried by Anti-Masons, TS 46;
character of Democratic party in, THB 151 ;
conventions in, nominate Harrison, A J 444;
charters Bank, AG 271, A J 396, TS 47;
Anti-Abolition convention in, TS 49;
constitutional convention in, TS 47, 48;
" Buckshot war " in, over organization of House, TS 51-
54;
Democrats of, favor Cass for President, LC 200-203;
carried by Democrats on Tariff platform in 1844, HC i. 257,
258, JCC 216;
favors Wilmot Proviso, LC 233;
votes for Cass in 1848, LC 240;
carried by Democrats in 1856, LC 323;
carried by Democrats in 1862, AL ii. 124, TS 220;

334 TOPICAL INDEX
PENNSYLVANIA (continued),
regained by Republicans, AL ii. 201 ; ,
invaded by Lee, AL ii. 144-150;
renominates Lincoln, AL ii. 260.
PENSACOLA, its seizure by Jackson, AG 336, A J 75, HC i. 152.
PERSONAL LIBERTY ACTS,
passed in Northern States to block Fugitive Slave Law,
CFA 136-138, CS 121, 122, 126.
PETITIONS, ANTI-SLAVERY,
presented in House of Representatives by Adams, JQA
243, 248-260, 267, 269, 288;
debates over, in Senate, HC ii. 79-82, 154, 155, 163, 233;
views on, JR 40, JCC 123-126.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY,
doctrine of, in Territories, announced by Dickinson and Cass,
MVB 422, HC ii. 303, LC 235, 237;
defined by Cass, LC 272-275;
Northern and Southern views of, contrasted, WHS 64, LC
294-296;
condemned by Calhoun, HC ii. 303;
ridiculed by Benton, THB 310;
applied in compromise of 1850, AL i. 91-94;
reasons for its popularity, SPC 136 ;
its scope discussed, LC275, 276;
applied in Kansas-Nebraska Bill, THB 309, AL i. 94, 95;
its actual working in Kansas, LC 326;
advocated in Democratic platform of 1856, LC 322;
destroyed by Dred Scott decision, AL i. 103;
abandoned by South, LC 326;
attempts of Douglas to reconcile it with Dred Scott case,
AL i. 107;
PORTUGAL, diplomatic relations with, JQA 133, 134, 138, DW 253;
PRESIDENCY, Jackson's theory of its character as directly representing
the people, AJ 282, 322-325, 349, 353, 354, 362, HC ii. 40,
42, 109, 110.

TOPICAL INDEX 335
PRINCETON COLLEGE,
studies of statesmen at, JMad 10-12, JR 13.
PRIVATEERS, their employment in War of Revolution, BF 248-252, GW
ii. 150;
offer of Davis to employ, in War of Rebellion, AL i. 282,
CFA 171;
refusal of United States to use, CS 239-241.
PROTECTION, favored in first Congress, GW ii. 113-115, AH 130, JMad
126;
origin of demand for, AJ 93, 94, 230-242, HC i. 213, WHS
18;
not a party question in 1816, JMad 319;
attitude of South against, HC i. 314, 315, JCC 71;
not a constitutional question at first, A J 332, 333;
a forgotten issue by 1848, HC ii. 300;
opinions of statesmen upon:
Washington, GW ii. 116-122;
Hamilton, GW ii. 114, 115, AH 107-113;
Madison, JMad 126, 134, 135;
Gallatin, AG 240-243, HC i. 55-57;
Jackson, A J 96, 263, HC i. 359, 360;
Clay, HC i. 51-55, 131, 214-218, 361-364, ii. 173;
Webster, DW 53, 152-166, HC i. 218, 219;
Calhoun, JCC 29, 33-35, 59;
Stevens, TS 105.
PRUSSIA, treaties with, BF 397, JQA 24, MVB 127, 128, HC i. 299,
WHS 391;
mission of J. Q. Adams to, JQA 24;
its policy during French Revolution condemned, GM 269;
its attitude on slave-trade, JQA 138, LC 179;
agrees to Declaration of Paris, CFA 201.
PURITANS, their social and political characteristics, JA 6, 19-21, GM 4,
JQA 7, 30, 247, DW 4;
hated by Jefferson, TJ 193, 229.

336 TOPICAL INDEX
QUAKERS,
indifferent to political principles, SA 227;
urge submission in Revolution, SA 309, GM 25;
oppose public education, AG 45;
petition against slavery, JMad 152-161, AG 140, HC ii. 71,
80, 232, THB 141;
judgments upon, SA 310, THB 33, LC 255.
QUEBEC, captured by British in 1759, SA 35;
failure of American attack upon in 1776, SA 307.
QUEBEC ACT,
its character, SA 240;
protested against, by colonies, GM 35, J J 77.
RAMBOUILLET DECREE,
see Diplomatic History.
RECONSTRUCTION, constitutional theories of, AL ii. 216, 217, TS 261, 262, 266-
269, SPC 329, 330, CS 217-219;
begun by appointment of military governors, AL ii. 217,
218, SPC 330, CS 227, 228, TS 231;
Lincoln's first plans for, AL ii. 219-222, CS 255;
refusal of Congress to receive representatives elected under,
ALU. 221;
method for, laid down in Lincoln's amnesty proclamation,
AL ii. 222-226, WHS 366-368, 371, SPC 330, 331, TS
231-233;
difficulties in the way, AL ii. 228, 229, SPC 329, TS 233;
extreme proposals, AL ii. 229;
Congress passes reconstruction act in 1864, AL ii. 230-232,
WHS 368, 369, CS 284, TS 234-237;
Lincoln's veto and explanatory proclamation, AL ii. 236-
238, WHS 369, 370, SPC 332, CS 285, TS 237;
process of reconstruction under Lincoln, SPC 332, CS 269,
283;
possibilities of Lincoln's plan discussed, AL ii. 242-244,
329, 330, WHS 371-373, TS 238-243;

TOPICAL INDEX 337
promises made by Sherman in terms to Johnston's army,
AL ii. 238, 239;
Johnson's plan announced in amnesty proclamation, WHS
374-377, SPC 334, CS 293, TS 246-248;
working of Johnson's scheme, WHS 377, 387, SPC 336, CS
293, 300, 301, TS 249-255;
congressional theories, WHS 380, SPC 338, TS 273-275,
294;
controversy between Johnson and Congress, WHS 384-388;
appointment of Joint Committee on Reconstruction, TS
258, 259, 273-275, 285;
passage of Freedman's Bureau Act, WHS 385, CS 308, 309,
TS 270, 271 ;
passage of Civil Rights Bill, WHS 385, SPC 340, TS 271;
passage of fourteenth amendment, WHS 386, CS 316, 317,
TS 271-273;
passage of Congressional Reconstruction Act, WHS 386,
387, SPC 341, 342, CS 327-329, TS 288-294;
discussion of act, TS 294, 295;
place of negro suffrage in congressional plan, TS 276, 277,
286;
completion of reconstruction under provisions of law,
WHS 387, 388, SPC 357, CS 374, 375, TS 296-308;
carpet-bag government, TS 299-305;
further acts to control South, CS 351, TS 326;
end of reconstruction in overthrow of negro rule, TS 304;
justification of congressional policy, TS 305-308, CS 335-
337;
position of the Supreme Court, SPC 348-350, 357, 378, 380;
Seward's views on, WHS 388-390;
Sumner's attitude on, CS 217-219, 255-259, 334;
REPUBLICAN-DEMOCRATIC PARTY, 1789-1824,
Period of Rise, 1789-1801,
elements of, JA 243, AH 128, 135, TJ 97, 115, JMad 165;
Jefferson's theory of, TJ 116, 117;
its beginnings in New York, JJ 242, 243;
led by S. Adams in Massachusetts, SA 364, 370;

338 TOPICAL INDEX
REPUBLICAN-DEMOCRATIC PARTY (continued),
first appears in debates on financial measures of Hamilton,
GW ii. 236, JA 244, AH 120, 136, JJ 243, 244, JMar
93, 94, JMad 165, AG 57;
Madison's reasons for joining, JMad 178-184;
enthusiastic over French Revolution, GW ii. 236, JJ 256,
TJ 131, JMad 193, 194, AG 101, 102;
opposes appointment of Morris as minister to France, GM
214;
attacks Hamilton for corruption, AH 142, 143, 146-148,
184, JMad 189-191;
organized by Jefferson, GW ii. 226, 227, AH 139, 141, TJ
129;
unwilling to oppose Washington's reelection, GW ii. 235,
JA 251;
carries New York state election by fraud, JJ 247-249;
becomes concentrated in opposition to Federalist foreign
policy, GW ii. 225, AH 172, AG 133-136;
opposes neutrality proclamation, JMad 198;
supports Genet, GW ii. 238, AH 168, 169, JJ 258, JMar
95, 96, TJ 135, JMad 200;
forms Democratic clubs, GW ii. 241, AH 182, 183, JMad
207, AG 102;
damaged by Genet's excesses, JA 252, TJ 141-144, JMad
202;
denounces England in Congress, AH 174, JJ 263;
opposes war measures, AH 175;
discredited by collapse of whiskey rebellion, AH 182;
denounces Jay's mission to England, AH 185, JJ 268;
profits from anger over Jay Treaty, TJ 151 ;
attempts to block Jay Treaty in Congress, PH 405, AH 186,
JJ 282, TJ 152, AG 110-114, 118-121;
begins to attack Washington, GW ii. 238, 244, 245, 250-
252, 257, JA 252, GM 281, AG 104-106, 128;
led by Gallatin in House, AG 115, 128, 133, 159;
upholds Monroe's conduct in France, JMon 67, 71-73;
hopes success in election of 1796, JA 255, TJ 153;

TOPICAL INDEX 339
attacks Federalists, TJ 246, 247, 289, 296, JMar 96, 97,
133-135, 229, 239;
exults over Washington's retirement, GW ii. 256, 257;
attempts to win over Adams, J A 262-264;
controlled by Jefferson, GM 280, TJ 155;
overwhelmed by X Y Z revelations, JA 281, AH 202, 218,
JMar 126, TJ 160, 161, 168;
defeated in congressional election of 1798, JMar 132, 133;
how regarded by Federalists, PH 397, 409, GW ii. 239,
240, 258-261, 267, 268, AH 220, 221, 251, 252, 254, 258-
260, 266, 267, JMad 166-168, JR 134, 135;
attacks Alien and Sedition laws, AG 159;
approves Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, TJ 172, JMad
233;
opposes Adams's administration, JMar 140;
opposes Jay's administration in New York, J J 287-290;
confident of success in 1800, TJ 176, 177, JMad 241, AG
163, JQA 25, JR 46;
carries New York State, GM 285, 286, J J 295, 296, AH 223;
reasons for success in federal election, JMad 210, AG 163,
167, 168, MVB 5-9;
plans violent interposition to defeat a Federalist coup
d'e"tat in 1801, TJ 186, AG 166.
Period of Jeffersonian Control, 1801-1811,
its principles in 1801, JR 33, 34, MVB 6, 7;
controlled in New York by Clintonians, MVB 45;
establishes spoils system in New York, MVB 47-53;
repeals Judiciary Act, GM 290, JQA 36, JR 61-64;
demands a share of federal offices, JMad 251, AG 281,282;
claims to introduce new principles of administration, AG
279, JR 51, 57-59, 73, THB 64;
refuses to build a navy, GM 303;
does not fully carry out its principles, GM 290,291, TJ235;
continues federalist policy in most respects, GM 291, TJ
238, AG 169, JR 206, 207;
rejoices over acquisition of Louisiana without concern as to
its constitutionality, TJ 222, 228, JR 89;

340 TOPICAL INDEX
REPUBLICAN-DEMOCRATIC PARTY (continued),
dominated by Jefferson, TJ 236, JR 58, 188, 190, 215;
discards Burr as vice-president, JMar 201, TJ 239;
defeats Burr for Governor of New York, MVB 44;
carries election of 1804, TJ 241 ;
attacks judiciary by impeachments, JR 81, 130;
factions in, TJ 241, AG 294, 295, JR 61, 183, 235-240;
ceases to be subservient to France, GM 292, JQA 38;
Randolph's secession from, TJ 247, 248, JR 126-128, 170,
180, 183, 205-207, 211, 212, 228, 240;
continues to gain in elections, TJ 260, 265, JR 199-203;
enraged at Chesapeake affair, JQA 51;
supports embargo, TJ 274, 275;
elects Madison President, AG 272, JMon 105, MVB 59, 60;
repeals embargo, TJ 280, JCC 12;
refuses to recharter Bank, AG 231, 254, DW 60.
Period of Nationalist Development, 1812-1824,
formation of war party in, JMad 291-293, AJ 33, HC i. 67,
68, 78, DW 47, JCC 12-14;
renominates Madison, JMad 296, HC i. 84, JCC 20;
in New York, divides into Clintonians and Bucktails, MVB
67-69;
struggles with Federalists for control of New York, MVB
64, 65;
its conduct of War of 1812 considered, GM 304-306, JMad
310-318, AG 298, A J 48, 49, MVB 61, 62, HC i. 90, 98;
defended by Clay, HC i. 91-98;
saved by battle of New Orleans, A J 50, MVB 63;
rejoices at1 peace of Ghent, JMad 318;
alterations in its principles, JR 251, 252, 266, HC i. 126-
128, 136, 137;
supports Bank, JMad 319, AG 265, HC i. 132, 133;
votes for protective tariff, JMad 319;
elects Monroe President, JMon 128, MVB 74, 75;
its leaders under Monroe, JMon 129-138;
factional struggles of, in New York, MVB 67-148;
involved in Dartmouth College case, DW 76;

TOPICAL INDEX 341
its condition in 1824, AG 355, 356, JR 252, MVB 90-95,
HC i. 223, 312, DW 126, WHS 7;
its regular caucus to nominate Crawford proves a failure,
AG 357, 358, MVB 106, 107;
its connection with Democratic party, HC i. 318;
REPUBLICAN PARTY, 1854-1874,
Period of its Rise, 1854-1861,
its principles, MVB 416, AL i. 221, 222, WHS 145, 146;
not a successor of Liberty party, THB 260, 261;
its supposed origin in Wisconsin, LC 303;
why it originated in Northwest, LC 301-303, WHS 134;
its beginnings, LC 304, AL i. 100, WHS 133, SPC 146, 151,
CFA 102, CS 117;
succeeds in campaign of 1854, LC 308, SPC 151, CS 118,
122;
loses ground in 1855, WHS 141, TS 93, SPC 154-156;
its relations with Kuow-Nothings, WHS 142, 143, SPC 153,
159;
supports Fremont for President in campaign of 1856,
MVB 441, 442, LC 322, 323, AL i. 101, 102, 111, WHS
143-145, 146-150, SPC 159-161, CFA 107, 108, CS 157,
TS94;
dreaded by older statesmen, MVB 441, 442, 445, THB 313,
LC 358;
defeats Cass for reelection to Senate, LC 324;
embittered by Dred Scott decision, WHS 171;
gains ground in elections of 1858, WHS 176, 177, 187,
SPC 162, CFA 102, CS 170;
its programme announced by Lincoln, AL i. 150, 151, 156,
157;
movement in, to support Douglas in 1858, AL i. 112, 113,
SPC 174;
nominates Lincoln in 1860, LC 328, 339, AL i. 161-171, 173,
WHS 193-202, SPC 174-194, CFA 114, TS 112;
in election of 1860, MVB 445, AL i. 173, 174, 178, 179,
WHS 202, SPC 196-198, CFA 115, 116, CS 176, TS 112,
113.

342 TOPICAL INDEX
REPUBLICAN PARTY (continued),
Period of its Supremacy, 1861-1874,
panic-struck in 1861, SPC 198, 201, CFA 129, 130, CS 178,
179;
factions of, recognized in Lincoln's Cabinet, WHS 213-215,
226-229, SPC 253, 254, TS 136, 137;
abandons anti-slavery ground in organizing Territories in
1861, MVB 438, CFA 122;
not the cause of Civil War, JCC 299, 300;
its attitude the real cause of secession, AL i. 222-224;
its leaders distrust Lincoln, AL i. 233-236, SPC 302;
slow to follow Lincoln's emancipation policy, AL ii. 22, 23;
factions in, AL U. 97-99;
influence of Greeley upon, AL ii. 105-107;
opposition to Lincoln among its leaders, AL ii. 104, 105,
234, 235, 261, 266, 270, SPC 302, 310, CS 271-274;
upholds Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii. 120, TS 223;
loses ground in Congressional elections of 1862, AL ii. 124,
125, CS 233, 234, TS 220, 221;
radical leaders of, demand dismissal of Seward and Blair,
AL ii. 176, 177, 287, 288, WHS 328-333, SPC 310,. CS
236;
movement in, to nominate Chase, AL ii. 245-252, SPC 308-
314;
movement in, to nominate Fremont, AL ii. 255-258 ;
popularity of Lincoln with, AL ii. 260, 261 ;
nominates Lincoln and Johnson, AL ii. 262-264, SPC 314,
CS 272, 273, TS 244;
damaged by draft, AL ii. 273, 274;
in campaign and election of 1864, AL ii. 291, 292, SPC 320;
upholds thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 318, 319;
radicals in, rejoice at death of Lincoln, AL ii. 349;
reluctant to quarrel with Johnson, CS 295;
decides on policy of " thorough," CS 309;
wins congressional elections of 1866, CS 324, TS 284;
nominates Grant in 1868, SPC 361-263, CS 352, 357;
loses ground in country, SPC 369;

TOPICAL INDEX 343
Liberal revolt from, SPC 422, CFA 377, 378, 390, 391, CS
410;
abandoned by Sumner, CS 411, 412;
carries election of 1872, CFA 391, CS 411 ;
its depraved character under Grant, CS 423, 424.
REPUDIATION, see Financial History.
REVOLUTION, CAUSES OF,
question of parliamentary supremacy in colonies, BF 46,47,
64, 114, 117, SA 28, 86, 88;
use of Writs of Assistance, SA 37-40, JA 23;
question of internal and external taxes debated, BF 130;
virtual representation of colonies, BF 117, 129, SA 73-76;
proposals for real representation of colonies in Parliament,
BF 48, 127, 128, 129, SA 57-62;
possible results of such action, SA 59, 60, 63;
Declaratory Resolutions of 1766, BF 118, SA 72-75, 82;
effect of trade restrictions on colonies, JJ 4, 5, SA 24, 40;
debate as to rights of Englishmen, SA 27, 187-190, GM 5,
6, 12;
Townshend duties, BF 150, SA 89;
Writs of Assistance legalized, SA 89;
effect of non-importation upon Townshend duties, BF 174-
176;
the Tea Act, SA 119, 141;
Boston Port Bill and other measures, PH 97, JJ 23, 24, 26,
28, 37, SA 238-243.
RHODE ISLAND,
Gaspee affair in, SA 185;
refuses to grant Congress an impost, AH 38, JMad 33;
appoints delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad 59;
refuses to call convention to ratify Constitution, AH 74,
GM 143;
comments on its course, GM 109, 163, JMad 34;
its attitude toward slave trade, JMad 130;
carried by Republicans in 1802, JMad 243;
votes for Clay in 1832, HC i. 383;

344 TOPICAL INDEX
opposes reduction of tariff, A J 335;
" Dorr rebellion " in, DW 101, 254;
adopts resolutions favoring Wilmot Proviso, LC 233;
renominates Lincoln, AL ii. 251.
RUSSIA, mission of Dana to, JQA 13;
Adams's mission to, and life in, JQA 70-74;
invaded by Napoleon in 1812, JQA 74;
offers to mediate between England and United States, AG
299, JQA 74, HC i. 99, 100;
mission of Gallatin and Bayard to, AG 299-312;
its offer rejected by England, AG 306, 307, JQA 75;
renews offer in vain, AG 307, 308, 315, HC i. 106;
rejects English plan for suppression of slave trade, JQA
138;
asked by United States to urge Spain to abandon its colo
nies, HCi. 271;
displeased with American recognition of Spanish republics,
AG 337;
discussions over boundaries of its possessions in North
America, JMon 160, JQA 130, 131, THB 248, 249;
arbitrates question of compensation for slaves, HC i. 300;
joins treaty against slave trade, LC 179;
aids Austria to crush Hungarian rebellion, WHS 106;
denounced by Seward, WHS 108;
agrees to Declaration of Paris, CFA 201;
proposal of Seward to seek explanations from, in 1861,
WHS 255, CFA 180;
offers mediation between North and South, CS 241;
declines to act in concert with England and France against
United States, WHS 277, 325, CS 247;
cedes Alaska to United States, CS 338.
ST. THOMAS,
see Diplomatic History.
SAN DOMINGO,
attacked by Napoleon, JR 74;

TOPICAL INDEX 345
legislation against, by United States to aid Napoleon, JR 79,
80, 185-188;
revolution in, WHS 256;
struggle between Baez and Cabral for its control, CS
379;
attempt of Baez to sell it to United States, CS 379, 380;
attempts of Grant to secure its annexation, CS 382-387, 391,
397-399.
SAN JACINTO,
see Texas.
SARATOGA,
see Military History.
SCOTCH IRISH,
early settlements of, in the colonies, GM 8, 10, 18, AJ 1,
THB 3.
SEARCH, RIGHT OF,
see Diplomatic History.
SECESSION, see Disunion.
SEMINOLE WAR,
see Indians, and Military History.
SHAYS' REBELLION,
its causes, SA 350, JMad 73;
its history, SA 350, 352, AH 51, 52, JMad 73;
opinions on it, SA 351, GW ii. 26, 27, TJ 81, AG 101,
SHLLOH, see Military History.
SLAUGHTER-HOUSE CASES,
see Constitution.
SLAVERY, Colonial and Revolutionary Period to 1789,
slavery in Massachusetts, SA 6;
in Virginia, GW i. 20;
its effects in Southern colonies, GW i. 104, JMad 48-51;
early anti-slavery movement in North, JMad 91;
Virginian feeling against, PH 388, 389, GW i. 105-108,
JMad 91, 92, HC i. 27, 28, AL i. 82;

346 TOPICAL INDEX
SLAVERY (continued),
attempts to abolish or restrict it in Virginia, TJ 44, 45, 49;
attempts of Jay and Morris to secure its abolition in New
York, GM 58, JJ 80;
three-fifths compromise over, in Congress of Confederation,
JMad 38-41;
New York takes action for gradual manumission, JJ 217;
excluded from Northwest by Ordinance of 1787, JMon 25,
26, AL i. 82;
debated in federal convention, GM 136-141, JMad 94-
101;
determination of Southern delegates to maintain, GM 137-
139, JMad 92, 93;
indifference of New England members toward, GM 138,
140, JMad 102;
attacks upon, in convention, JMad 98, 100-102, GM 137,
138;
necessity of compromises over, GM 141-143 ;
possible effects of a separate Southern confederacy upon,
GM 142, 143, JMad 39-41.
Slavery becomes necessary to South, 1789-1820,
debated in first Congress, JMad 152-161;
folly of slaveholders in defending, JMad 155, 157, 158;
petitions against, from Pennsylvania Quakers and others,
BF 415, 416, JMad 152, 153, 161, AG 140;
resolutions against, in Pennsylvania Legislature, AG 47;
failure of bills to abolish in New York, JJ 288, 291;
finally ended in New York, J J 293;
attempt to abolish it in Kentucky, HC i. 27;
strengthened by Louisiana purchase, JQA 35;
attempts to introduce it into Northwest, LC 40, 41;
becomes more valuable as result of cotton culture, HC i.
172, 173;
its effect on South, JCC 66-71, 178, 330, THB 81, 144,
ALi. 84, 85, SPC 121;
disappearance of feeling against, in South, HC i. 172, 173,
ii. 71, SPC 34, 35.

TOPICAL INDEX 347
Period of agitation for and against Slavery, 1820-
1844,
becomes a political question in Missouri struggle, JQA 119,
MVB 91, HC i. 175, THB 8, 9, 38, 43, CS 41;
strengthened by Missouri compromise, HC i. 194;
general indifference of North toward, CS 36, 38;
devotion to it, begins to unify South against Adams's ad
ministration, JQA 188-192, JR 272, 277, 278;
the real cause of Southern opposition to Panama Congress,
DW 136, 271 ;
defended by South, HC i. 17, ii. 74, 154, THB 243, LC 143;
abolished in Mexico, HC ii. 89;
its relation to western removal of Indians, LC 160;
petitions against, not noticed at first, JQA 242;
powers of Congress over, according to abolitionists, HC ii.
73;
attacks upon, considered insulting to South, JCC 125;
resolutions of Calhoun upon, HC ii. 156, 157, 169, JCC 123;
resolutions of Clay on, HC ii. 159-161 ;
question as to how much abolitionists effected against it,
JCC 128, 129, THB 262;
Adams's part in struggle over, JQA 244-248;
involved in Texas rebellion, JQA 243, MVB 359, HC ii. 88,
THB 154, AL i. 85;
the real cause of Seminole War, LC 162;
not in general politics, MVB 359, 403, HC ii. 71, THB 44-
46, 207, AL i. 84;
necessity for its extension felt in South, AL i. 85 ;
more important than Union to South, JCC 132, 147.
Period of Struggle over Slavery in Territories,
1844-1861,
enters politics with Texas question, MVB 403, 414, JCC
236, 237, THB 282, LC 178, WHS 58-60, CFA 53, 54;
liable to be endangered by war with England, JCC 270;
its fall foreseen by Calhoun, HC ii. 338-340, JCC 127-129;
impossibility of attempts to exclude from politics, MVB 422,
423, HC ii. 368, LC 234;

348 TOPICAL INDEX
SLAVERY (continued),
debated in connection with fugitive slaves, SPC 29-33, 73-
83;
forced into politics by South, JCC 300;
for question of its extension into Territories, see Compromise
of 1850, and Wilmot Proviso.
doubts as to its possibility in Territories acquired from Mex
ico, LC 297, 298, WHS 66-70, 86, SPC 103, 120, CS 56,57;
demand of South for its absolute security, WHS 218, 219,
SPC 122, 123;
for debates upon, see Congress; [222-224;
attitude of North toward, the real cause of secession, AL i.
passage of constitutional amendment to protect, TS 129;
denied by Lincoln to be cause of war, AL i. 226-228, SPC
253, 254, CS 197, 198, TS 130, 131;
its safety asserted by Crittenden resolution, AL ii. 4, CS
200, TS 148.
Period of Abolition, 1861-1865,
Sumner's early efforts against, CS 198, 199, 201, 202, 218-
229;
becomes real object of war, AL ii. 2, 3;
attempts of Fremont and Hunter to abolish, AL ii. 5-9,
WHS 333, 334, SPC 262, 263;
powers of Congress over, under war powers, JQA 250,261-
265, CS 225,226, 269;
demand of North for its abolition, AL ii. 99, 103, 110, WHS
334, TS 212-215;
abolished by act of Congress in District and iu Territories,
AL ii. 11-15, SPC 257, 258, TS 217;
attacked by Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, AL ii.
110-119, 130, WHS 336, 337, SPC 265-269, CS 229, 230,
TS 217, 218, 222;
not touched as an institution by Proclamation, AL ii. 316;
desire of Copperheads to reestablish, AL ii. 319, 320;
Lincoln's plans for abolishing in loyal slave States, with
compensation, AL i. 133, ii. 10, 20-22, 24-30, 126-129, 309,
310, SPC 237, TS 216, 222;

TOPICAL INDEX 349
necessity of a constitutional amendment to abolish, AL ii.
317, CS 259-261, TS 225, 226;
ended by thirteenth amendment, AL ii. 325-327, CS 259-
261, TS 225, 226;
opinions of statesmen on, PH 388, 389, GW i. 105-107, JJ
293, 294, 309, JMar 251-253, 257, TJ 44-49, 293, JMad
157-159, 321, JQA 119-121, JR 21, 271, 280, HC ii. 167-
169, DW 169-272, JCC 164, 171-176, LC 306, AL i. 145,
146, 159, ii. 131-137, WHS 51-54, SPC 47-53, 72, 176,
291, 373, 429, CS 15, 16, 26, 31, 32, 51, 53, 62, 93, 114,
127, 172-175, 234, 275, 329, TS 21, 26, 60, 76-78, 80-82,
127, 149.
SLAVE TRADE,
checked by Virginia, TJ 49;
debated in federal convention, JMad 101-105, GM 138;
compromise concerning, GM 139, 140, JMad 103-106;
proposal to tax, in first Congress, JMad 128-133;
prohibited with San Domingo, JR 79;
stopped by law in 1808, JMad 133, JR 209, HC i. 172;
continues in spite of law, JMad 134;
article against, in treaty of Ghent, AG 323;
attempt of England to secure its prohibition at Congress of
Aix la Chapelle, AG 337;
refusal of United States to join England in its suppression,
JQA 135-138;
quintuple treaty of 1841 against, LC 179, 180;
protest of United States against its suppression without
renunciation by England of right of search, LC 180, 181 ;
cruising convention against, in Ashburton Treaty, DW 248,
JCC 210, LC 188, CS 30;
prohibited in District of Columbia, HC ii. 333, THB 294,
AL i. 91, WHS 78, 92, 98, CS 71;
movement in South to reopen, with Africa, LC 296, 330,
CFA 135;
attempts of England to prevent it in American waters, LC
330,331;
treaty of 1862 to extirpate, WHS 327.

350 TOPICAL INDEX
SOUTH, Period of Slow Sectional Growth, 1789-1820,
see Constitution;
opposes tonnage tax in first Congress, JMad 127, 128;
demands that seat of federal government be on Potomac,
JMad 140-142, 152;
controlled by Republican party, AG 163, LC 53;
supports bill to stop trade with San Domingo, JR 187;
favors war in 1812, HC i. 85, THB 27, LC 55;
does not favor States' rights, JR 270, 271;
superior military spirit in, THB 34;
fails to support war loan, AG 213;
denounces secession in 1814, THB 28;
supports tariff of 1816 in interest of cotton, HC i. 130, 131 ;
sends emigrants into West, THB 2, 10;
reasons why it desires new territory, THB 36;
decay of anti-slavery feeling in, HC i. 172, 173, SPC 35;
alarmed at superior growth of North, HC i. 174, LC 143.
Period of Southern Consolidation in Support of
Slavery, 1820-1843,
determines to maintain. equilibrium with North in Senate,
HC i. 174, 175, AL i. 84, WHS 61, CS 41;
superior in unity of action to North, HC i. 178;
demands admission of Missouri without restrictions, HC i.
184, 189, 195, THB 38, 89;
prepared to secede in 1820, HC i. 196, 197, THB 44-46;
gains by Missouri compromise, WHS 115;
opposes Adams for President, JQA 169, 188;
warned by Randolph of dangers to slavery from federal
government, JR 272-277, 280, 281;
efforts of Randolph and Van Buren to unite against Adams's
administration, JR 283-289, JQA 188, 189, JCC 65;
overcomes North by aid of " doughfaces," JR 279, HC i.
195, JCC 149;
opposes Panama Congress on slavery grounds, JQA 191,
DW 137, THB 58, 59;
dreads insurrection in Cuba, HC i. 270;

TOPICAL INDEX 351
aims to control foreign policy in favor of slavery, HC i. 272;
denounces tariff as harmful, AJ 240, 244, 246, 255, MVB
143, HC i. 219, 287, 366, ii. 154, JCC 65, THB 60, 80, 81;
effect of tariff upon, AJ 248-250, HC i. 220, ii. 12, 154,
JCC 71, 72, THB 80, 81, 196;
angered at Adams's desire to coerce Georgia, DW 137;
supports Jackson for election in 1828, HC i. 288, 316, JCC
83, THB 63, 68;
advocates free public land, A J 232;
its error in attacking tariff by nullification, AJ 256, 257;
alarmed at Turner's insurrection, HC ii. 43, 44, CS 38;
defied by Clay iu passing tariff of 1832, A J 263, HC i. 383,
THB 92;
does not support South Carolina in nullifying, HC ii. 5,
THB 94;
denounces Jackson for his nullification proclamation, AJ
330, HC ii. 2, 7;
considers compromise tariff a victory, A J 337, HC ii. 21;
condemns abolitionist petitions, MVB 271, JCC 121, THB
146;
demands that North silence abolitionists, HC ii. 74, 75, 79,
DW 274, JCC 133, 187, SPC 38, CS 40;
sensitive to any attack on slavery, JCC 125, 128, 206, 207,
CFA 29, 57;
enraged at abolitionists' use of mails, AJ 411, MVB 275,
277, HC ii. 82, 84;
denounces J. Q. Adams and is defied by him, JQA 224, 246,
258, 259, 261, 273, 289-294;
tries to get him censured by Congress, JQA 269-279, 281-
288;
threatens Adams with assassination, JQA 287, 288;
its motives for urging on Seminole War, LC 162;
wishes to annex Texas, AJ 414, 415, 418, HC ii. 89, 94, 97;
urges recognition of Texas, HC ii. 92;
accuses Van Buren of abolitionism, MVB 271, 272;
shows defection from Van Buren in election of 1836, MVB
278, 279;

352 TOPICAL INDEX
SOUTH (continued),
urged by Calhoun to build railways, JCC 151, 152;
land speculation in, HC ii. 119;
suffers in panic of 1837, HC ii. 127;
distrusts Van Buren in 1840, MVB 380, 387, 403;
refuses to let slavery rest without discussion, HC ii. 233;
praises slavery as a moral good, HC i. 74, JCC 131, 132,
169-171;
"plantation manners" in, DW 237, LC 199, CS 113.
Period of Struggle with North over Slavery in
Territories, 1844-1861,
agitation in, for annexation of Texas, MVB 404, HC ii. 238,
251, 260, JCC 232, 249, THB 264-267, LC 211, 216, 217;
gains control of Democratic party at convention of 1844,
AJ 458, MVB 410, HC ii. 252, THB 167, 257, 281, LC
217;
attempts of Clay to win over, HC ii. 246, 262, LC 221;
effects of slavery on, during this period, MVB 423, HC ii.
154, JCC 66-70, 173, 178, THB 81, 143, AL i. 84, SPC
121;
opposes war with England over Oregon, HC ii. 282, JCC
267, 270;
pushes on war with Mexico, MVB 417, HC ii. 286, JCC 280;
enraged at Wilmot Proviso, HC ii. 286, JCC 280, 281, 291,
LC 267, TS 72;
applauds revolutions of 1848 in Europe, THB 243;
opposes organization of Oregon with Wilmot Proviso, DW
286, JCC 307, THB 290;
begins to adopt Calhoun's view as to slavery in Territories,
HC ii. 302, WHS 70, 71, 88, CS 67;
prefers Taylor to Cass in election of 1848, LC 260, 261;
urged by Calhoun to cease to trade with North, JCC 301,
302;
alarmed at action of California, HC ii. 322, JCC 335, LC
281, AL i. 87, 88, WHS 65, 68, SPC 120, CS 70;
futile attempt of Calhoun to unite in 1849, JCC 316-320,
CS67;

TOPICAL INDEX 353
its domination in federal government, HC ii. 325, WHS 72;
denounces Taylor's pohcy, HC ii. 327, 328, THB 292,
WHS 94;
threatens secession, HC ii. 321-323, 343, DW 291, JCC 296,
297, 325, THB 291, LC 268, AL i. 88, CFA 61;
considered a bully by Seward and Benton, MVB 437, HC
ii. 390, WHS 9, 10, 85, 90;
appealed to by Clay, HC ii. 337;
gratified by Webster's Seventh of March speech, DW 317;
its grievances, according to Webster, DW 293-296, SPC
122;
demands a fugitive slave law, AL i. 88;
accepts compromise measures as a victory, HC ii. 375, 377,
378, DW 301, AL i. 92, SPC 130;
attitude of " doughfaces " toward, justified, MVB 437, 438,
HC U. 390, 391;
does not understand feeling of North, HC ii. 371, 372, LC 284;
demands that North enforce Fugitive Slave Law, HC ii. 382,
SPC 122;
efforts of Clay to appease after Shadrach case, HC ii. 381,
382, 389;
favors Kansas-Nebraska bill, MVB 440, WHS 116, 128,
SPC 133, TS 102;
its view of "popular sovereignty," LC 294-296,- AL i. 88,
WHS 64;
its part in Kansas struggle, WHS 151, 152, CS 134, 135;
favors filibustering, LC 316;
desires to annex Cuba, LC 313, WHS 187;
applauds Brooks's assault on Sumner, LC 321, AL i. 100,
CC 150-152;
forces North to form a sectional party, JCC 300, 301;
recognizes failure of " popular sovereignty," LC 326, AL i.
98;
adopts, in full, Calhoun's dogma as to slavery in the Terri
tories, LC 326, WHS 179, CS 171;
enraged at Douglas's opposition to Lecompton Constitution,
AL i. 108, 116, 142, WHS 177, 188;

354 TOPICAL INDEX
SOUTH (continued),
advocates reopening of slave trade, LC 296, 330;
opposes Homestead Bill, WHS 187, 188;
effect of John Brown raid upon, CFA 109;
relies on commercial interests to control North, LC 303;
demands that North cease to call slavery wrong, AL i. 154,
155, 222-224, WHS 217, 218;
disrupts Democratic party, AL i. 163, 165, 178;
announces purpose to secede if Lincoln is elected, LC 340,
WHS 203, 204, SPC 198, CFA 118, CS 178, 179, TS 113.
The Confederacy, 1860-1865,
question of justification of its secession, GM 25, 145, 311,
312, 314, AL i. 158, 159, 192, 193, WHS 204, 205, TS 131;
its doctrine of secession, AL i. 224, 225;
process of secession in, AL i. 182-187, WHS 205, 226, SPC
202, 203, CS 179-182;
aided in secession by Buchanan's Cabinet, LC 340, WHS
209, 210, TS 117;
disunion agitation in, AL i. 183, 225, 226, CFA 120, CS 181,
182;
aided by state loyalty, AL i. 184;
threatens war, AL i. 195, 196, CFA 121;
not sincere in considering compromises, CFA 137-139, CS
194;
repudiates Peace Conference, AL i. 203, 204, TS 124, 129;
its leaders remain in Congress, AL i. 204, 205, CFA 123;
forms Confederate States government, AL i. 205, 206, WHS
206, 231, CFA 186, 187, 195, CS 182;
wishes to seize Washington, AL i. 207, 209;
hopes of Seward to win back, by plunging into foreign war,
CFA 184-189;
query as to possibility of preventing its secession by early
action, CFA 128, 129;
irritated at failure of secession to produce immediate re
sults, ALi. 241, CS 181;
purpose of Lincoln to put it in the wrong, AL i. 242, CFA
127, 134;

TOPICAL INDEX 355
makes futile attempts to negotiate, AL i. 238-240, WHS
237-253;
plans to seize Fort Sumter, AL i. 244;
enthusiasm in, over war, AL i. 251, 255, 264, WHS 263;
compared with North in fighting qualities, THB 34, AL i.
253, 254, CFA 162;
elated over victory of Bull Run, AL i. 302;
its European policy, CFA 161-164;
expects aid from England, AL i. 369, CS 180, 208;
its belligerency recognized by England, AL i. 371, 372,
WHS 278-287, CFA 170, 171, CS 201;
attempts to get recognition from England, CFA 148-171,
266-272, 275, 276;
tries to create cotton famine, CFA 163;
sells bonds in Europe, CFA 329, 345-347, AL ii. 173;
expects aid from Northern Democrats, AL i. 367;
its strength overestimated by McClellan, AL i. 315, 316;
confiscates enemies' property, TS 198, 199;
praised by Gladstone, CFA 280;
after Chancellorsville hopes to conquer a peace, AL ii. 143;
uses England as naval base, CFA 306, 315-320, 324-337,
ALii. 172;
unaffected by Emancipation Proclamation, SPC 270;
beginnings of reconstruction in, AL ii. 216-244;
tries to get England to intervene, WHS 324, CFA 281-290,
324-337;
receives secret aid from England, CS 248, 250;
economically exhausted after 1863, AL ii. 199, 200, 300,
308;
ruined by blockade, WHS 270, CFA 261, TS 182, 183;
its treatment of prisoners, CS 279;
applauds McClellan's candidacy in 1864, AL ii. 286, 287;
makes futile attempts to negotiate, AL ii. 152, 268-270,
302-306;
purpose of Lincoln to make its surrender easy, AL ii. 308,
309;
collapses in 1865, AL ii. 333, 334, WHS 366.

356 TOPICAL INDEX
SOUTH (continued),
Reconstruction Period, 1865-1870,
its condition after war, SPC 333-335, CS 304-307;
rapidly reconstructed under Johnson in 1865, SPC 341, CS
300, TS 249;
passes laws to reduce negroes to servitude, CS 301, TS 250-
255, 307;
reopening of federal courts in, SPC 343, 344;
proposal of Stevens to rule through negro vote, TS 262, 263;
rejects Fourteenth Amendment, TS272, 285, 286;
its turbulent condition, TS 289;
proposal of Stevens to punish by confiscation, TS 333-336;
reconstructed a second time under act of 1867, SPC 357,
CS 334-337, TS 291-299;
carpet-bag government in, aud its suppression, TS 299-305,
SPC 381.
SOUTH CAROLINA,
its characteristics, GM 283;
society in, JCC 85, GM 125;
its part in War of Revolution, JMad 151, CS 111, 114;
its delegates in Congress oppose half pay scheme, GM 69;
fails to appoint delegates to Annapolis Convention, JMad
59;
its attitude on slavery in federal convention, JMad 91, 103,
104, 109;
makes slave trade a condition of joining Union, GM 139;
held to Federalist party by Pinckneys, GM 283;
at first favors protection, THB 79, 80;
reopens slave trade, JMad 250;
approves of internal improvements, JCC 40;
nominates Lowndes for President, AJ 102;
denounces congressional nominating caucus, A J 109;
becomes leader of new States' rights school, JR 253, AJ
255, HC i. 347, 366, THB 86;
passes negro seaman laws, A J 169, 219;
protests against tariff, JQA 233, AJ 257, DW 167, THB
84, LC 142;

TOPICAL INDEX 357
refusal of Adams to placate in 1828, JQA 201;
angry at Jackson's Union toast, AJ 259;
fails to call a convention, AJ 260;
denounces Jackson's letter against nullification, A J 260;
grows increasingly angry over tariff of 1832, DW 206, JCC
97;
votes for Floyd in election of 1832, AJ 320, MVB 248, HC
i. 282, THB 89;
controlled by Nullifiers, A J 327, LC 143, 144;
calls state convention which nullifies tariff law, AJ 327,
328, HC ii. 4, DW 207, JCC 103, THB 90, LC 144, 145;
Union convention in, A J 328, HC ii. 4, 5, THB 86;
elects Hayne Governor, JCC 103;
preparations of Jackson to use force against, LC 146-150;
defies Jackson's proclamation, A J 328, 331, 337, HC ii. 4, 8,
DW207, THB 86, 87, 91;
appealed to by Virginia, LC 150;
desire of Adams and others to punish it, JQA 234-237,
HC ii. 6;
postpones and then repeals ordinance of nullification, AJ
337, HC ii. 9, 10, THB 92, LC 150;
really wins victory by forcing compromise tariff, JQA 236,
HC ii. 15, 16, 21, DW 210, 213, JCC 105, THB 95, 98, 99,
LC 151;
nullifies Force Bill, A J 337, 338, HC ii. 20;
votes against Van Buren in 1836, MVB 260, THB 167;
expels Hoar by threat of violence, CFA 48, CS 40;
demands Texas or disunion, HC ii. 252;
nominates Calhoun for President, JCC 211, 212, 215;
denounces Polk as protectionist, JCC 216;
Democratic convention in, nominates Taylor, HC ii. 309;
complains of loss of population, JCC 331;
secession movement of 1850 in, THB 291, WHS 105, CS
48;
prepares to secede in 1860, SC 340, AL i. 179, 182;
adopts ordinance of secession, LC 348, AL i. 184, 185, WHS
205, CS 179, 182, TS 115;

358 TOPICAL INDEX
BOUTH CAROLINA (continued),
has controversy with federal government over reinforce
ment of Fort Sumter, LC 344-347, WHS 207, 208, 231-
236;
sends commissioners to settle accounts with United States,
ALL 185, CS 183, TS 118;
refusal of Buchanan to recognize, AL i. 199, 200;
refuses to take part in Peace Conference, AL i. 204;
promised by Lincoln that Fort Sumter will not be relieved
without warning, WHS 245-251;
besieges and takes Fort Sumter, AL i. 243, CFA 124-128,
CS 184;
after war passes laws oppressive to negroes, TS 251, 252;
carpet-bag government in, TS 302-304.
SPAIN, alliance with, urged in colonies, BF 274, 275, 279, PH 194,
J J 107, 108;
secretly aids Beaumarchais, BF 229;
reluctant to go to war with England, J J 108;
makes treaty of Aranjuez with France, J J 110;
gives slight financial aid, BF 307, 317, 321, J J 118-120;
unsuccessful mission of Lee to, JJ 114;
attempt of Gerard to induce it to make treaty with United
States, JJ 112, 113;
during Jay's residence at Madrid refuses to recognize
United States, JJ 117-120, 123, 124, 125, 129;
its interests in America threaten to prolong war, BF 369,
JJ 149;
danger of its dividing France from United States, BF 370,
GM 105, 106;
last attempt of Jay to negotiate with, J J 178, 179;
in treaty of peace tries to prevent cession of western terri
tory to United States, BF 380, JA 208, GM 78, 79, 97, JJ
165, 179, 191, JMad 31-33;
after peace maintains a contemptuous attitude, AH 50;
offers commercial privileges in return for abandonment of
Mississippi navigation, PH 307, J J 208-210, JMad 78-80;

TOPICAL INDEX 359
instigates Southwestern Indians to hostilities, GW ii. 89, 94,
101;
blocks Mississippi trade, GW U. 135, AH 153, TJ 206, JMon
26, 27;
Pinckney's treaty of 1795 with, GW ii. 167, 168, AH 192,
TJ 208, AG 117, AJ22;
displeased at Jay treaty, GW ii. 210;
attack upon, planned by Hamilton, AH 209;
Miranda's schemes against, AH 211-213;
cedes Louisiana to France, TJ210, JMon 78, 79, JR 74, AJ
22;
closes Mississippi again, TJ 212, JR 74, A J 23;
protests against French sale of Louisiana, JR 84, 114;
dealings with, over Florida, JMon 88, 89, 98, 99, JR 162-
166, A J 23;
strained relations with, over Louisiana and West Florida,
JMar 202, TJ 246, 259, 260, JR 114,161, HC i. 58;
plan of Burr to invade its colonies, JMar 202, 205;
popular desire for war with, JR 162;
invaded by Napoleon, HC i. 58;
in 1812 allows England to use Florida as base, AJ 42, 43, 65;
continues to dispute Florida boundaries with United States,
JQA 109, 110;
unable to govern Florida, A J 67;
danger of war with, after Jackson's exploits, AG 336, JMon
144, JQA 108, 161, HC i. 152;
cedes Florida in treaty of 1819, JMon 146, JQA 111-116,
AJ 23, HC i. 162;
rejects, then ratifies treaty, JMon 185, 186, 190, JQA 117,
124, HC i. 163, THB 37, 155, 248;
negotiations with, over revolted colonies, AG 336, 337, JQA
108, 109, HC i. 147, 149, 271;
invaded by France, AG 341;
agrees to suppress slave trade, JQA 138;
defied by Panama Congress, MVB 124;
its retention of Cuba desired by slaveholders in 1826, HC
i. 270;

360 TOPICAL INDEX
SPAIN (continued),
negotiations of Webster with, DW 327;
attempts of United States to purchase Cuba from, LC 313;
threatened in Ostend Manifesto, LC 314, 315;
Seward's proposal to demand explanations from, in 1861,
WHS 255, 256, CFA 180;
joins France in alliance against Mexico, and then withdraws,
WHS 356, 357, CS 220;
its rule in Cuba causes insurrection, CS 371.
SPANISH AMERICAN REPUBLICS,
unfit for self-government, GM113, 114, HC i. 295, 296;
, sympathy for, at time of their revolt, JMon 188, 190, 206,
JQA 108, 109;
question of their recognition, JQA 109, 132;
enthusiasm of Clay over, JQA 109, 152, HC i. 147-149,
166, 167, 294-296, THB 57, 58;
protected by Monroe doctrine, JMon 161-164, JQA 131-
134;
Adams's opinion of, HC i. 169, 170;
see Panama Congress.
SPEOLE CIRCULAR,
see Financial History.
SPOILS SYSTEM,
see Civil Service.
STAMP ACT,
causes for its adoption, BF 102, 103, JA 70, 71, GM 4;
proposed by Grenville, BF 103, 104, SA 43;
protests against it, BF 106, SA 43, PH 65;
passed without opposition, BF 106, SA 46, 47, JA 25;
mobs against, in colonies, BF 109, 110, SA 47, J A 26-30;
attacked by opposition in Parliament, BF 114-117, S A 72, 73;
protested against by colonies, SA 63-65, PH 66-88, GW
i. 119, 120, JJ 4, TJ 15, JMon 6;
opposed by Stamp Act Congress, SA 56| 65;
Franklin's examination concerning, BF 119-123;
repealed, BF 118, 132, 133, 142, 143, SA 82;
rejoicings over its repeal, BF 133, 134, SA 82, JJ 14.

TOPICAL INDEX 361
STATES' RIGHTS,
see Constitution.
SUB-TREASURY, proposed by Van Buren, MVB 330, 331;
struggle over bills creating it, HC ii. 137-142, MVB 337,
338, 346-348, THB 177-184, 218;
opposed by Clay and Webster, HC ii. 139-142, DW 270;
upheld by Calhoun and Benton, JCC 186, THB 181.
repealed by Whigs in 1841, HC ii. 205, MVB 348, THB 218;
restored in 1846, MVB 348, HC ii. 284.
SUPREME COURT,
see Judiciary.
TARIFF HISTORY,
see Free Trade and Protection;
1789, first protective tariff, GWii. 114, AH 130, JMad 126-
136;
1816, causes for tariff movement, AJ 93, HC i. 129, 130,
JCC 33-35;
opposition to increased duties, HC i. 130, 131, DW 153-
156;
failure of act of 1816 to secure complete protection, HC i.
• 212;
1820, attempt to raise tariff, AJ 94, HC i. 212-214, DW
156;
1824, passage of higher tariff act, AJ 94-96, MVB 99-104,
HC i. 214-219, DW 156-161, JCC 65, THB 53;
the name " American System " applied by Clay, MVB 99,
DW 159;
connected with public lands, AJ 230-232 ;
1827, tariff reform begun in England, A J 236;
1828, passage of higher tariff, AJ 236-246, 249-251, MVB
142, 144, HC i. 286, DW 161-166, THB 60;
political aspect of tariff, AJ 239, 240;
effect of tariff on South, AJ 248-250, THB 61;
opposition of South to tariff, A J 246, 247, 255, 257, JCC 65,
75, THB 60, 61, 79, 80;

362 TOPICAL INDEX
TARIFF HISTORY (continued),
not a party question, HC i. 313;
1830, attempts to modify tariff, A J 258, HC i. 347;
Free Trade and Protection conventions, A J 261, HC i. 359;
movement for reduction, HC i. 358;
1832, passage of higher tariff law, AJ 262-264, MVB 240,
HC i. 360, 361, 366, DW 206, 207, JCC 97, THB 89;
wish of Jackson to reduce, A J 263;
resolutions of States against, A J 335, THB 91, 92, LC 143;
not a party issue iu presidential campaign, MVB 247;
debate over Verplanck Bill to reduce duties, HC ii. 8, 9;
1833, passage of Compromise Tariff, JQA 235, AJ 332,
335-338, HC ii. 10-21, DW 208-213, JCC 104, THB 94,
96, LC 151, 203;
complaints as to its operation, THB 198, 202, 203;
revisions suggested in 1841, HC ii. 221;
1842, passage of protective tariff act after two bills were
vetoed by Tyler, HC ii. 226-228;
1844, the Democrats carry Pennsylvania on protectionist
assertions, HC ii. 257, 258, JCC 249, LC 220;
1846, passage of revenue tariff act, HC U. 258;
no longer a political issue, HC ii. 300, 383, 384;
1857, revenue tariff fails to produce revenue, TS 104;
1860, passage of protective tariff, TS 105, 106, 142;
1864, the war tariff passed, SPC 238, 239, TS 146, 180.
TAXATION,
see Financial History.
TENNESSEE, settlement of , THB 1;
frontier society in, A J 6-9, THB 9;
early politics in, AJ 8, 9, THB 12, 30;
forms a constitution, A J 13;
wishes war with Spain for Florida, JR 76;
votes for Jefferson in 1796, AJ 14;
elects Jackson Senator, HC i. 226, AJ 13;
frontier finances in, AJ 19;
sympathy in, for Burr, AS 25;

TOPICAL INDEX 363
votes money against Creeks, AJ 37, THB 8;
establishes State Bank and passes " relief acts," AJ 156-
159;
its courts declare relief acts unconstitutional, A J 159;
nominates Jackson for President, A J 100, HC i. 226;
denounces Congressional caucus, AJ 109;
not decided as to tariff, THB 53;
renominates Jackson in 1825, JQA 181, AJ 134, HC i.
263;
passes resolutions on " corrupt bargain " story, JQA 183 ;
its vote in 1828, A J 148;
opposes nullification, A J 335;
refuses to send delegates to Democratic Convention in
1835, AJ 441;
appealed to by Jackson in behalf of Van Bureu, MVB 262;
votes for White, AJ 441, 444;
carried by Whigs in 1838, THB 174;
demands annexation of Texas, JCC 232;
presents Polk as candidate for vice president, MVB 412;
carried by Clay in 1844, A J 466;
refuses to furnish troops in 1861, AL i. 255;
at first unwilling to secede, AL i. 268 ;
Eastern counties of, remain Unionist, AL i. 268, 351, ii. 167;
forced to secede, AL i. 269 ;
seized by South, AL i. 353;
plans of Halleck to invade, AL ii. 155;
reconstructed under Lincoln, AL ii. 219, WHS 375;
question of its electoral vote in 1864, AL ii. 295;
attempt of Sumner to secure negro suffrage in, CS 316.
TERRITORIES, see Constitution.
TEXAS, claims of United States to, renounced in Florida Treaty,
JMon 184, A J 84, 85, 412, HC i. 162-164, THB 156;
settlement of, A J 413, THB 156-159, LC 210;
introduction of slavery into, HC ii. 88, THB 154, 155;
emigration into, AJ 418, MVB 370, HC ii. 88, 90;

364 TOPICAL INDEX
TEXAS (continued),
demand of slaveholders for, AJ 412, 414, HC ii. 88, 89;
attempts of Adams and Jackson to buy, AJ 413, 415, HC
U. 88, 90;
resists abolition of slavery by Mexico, AJ 414, HC ii. 89,
THB 156;
origins of its independence, AJ 416, HC ii. 90, THB 156-
158;
revolts from Mexico, AJ 416, 417, MVB 358, HC ii. 91,
DW 276, THB 160, AL i. 85;
recognition refused at first, later granted, AJ 419, 421,
MVB 358, HC ii. 92, THB 160;
question of its boundaries, A J 419, 420;
applies in vain for admission to United States, AJ 419, 421,
MVB 358, HC ii. 236, 237;
land speculation in, HC ii. 90, THB 265;
revival of movement to annex, AJ 459, MVB 402, 404, 409,
HC ii. 237-242, 245-248, 252, 259, DW 255, 281, JCC
223-254, THB 257, 263, 275, LC 211-213, 220, WHS 43,
44, SPC 92-94, CS 41;
rumors of English designs ou, HC ii. 238, JCC 231, 234,
LC 212, 213;
asks for protection during negotiations, HC ii. 240, JCC
225, 229, 247;
rejects armistice with Mexico, HC ii. 240;
treaty of annexation rejected by United States, HC ii. 245,
260, JCC 244, THB 271, 274, WHS 44;
admitted to Union by joint resolution, MVB 413, HC ii.
272, 273, DW 256, 281, 282, JCC 253, THB 276-278, LC
224, WHS 61, CFA 62, CS 41, 43, 45;
plans to divide, DW 286;
its boundary claims bring on Mexican War, HC ii. 274, LC
231, CS 34;
claims part of New Mexico, HC ii. 331, DW 291, THB 293,
AL i. 88, WHS 69, 70, 78, 92, 98, SPC 121, CS 69-71;
proposal to indemnify, in compromise of 1850, HC ii. 333,
349, LC 283;

TOPICAL INDEX 365
threatens to occupy New Mexico by force, HC ii. 351, 352,
362;
passage of bill to indemnify, HC ii. 262-265, AL i. 91;
secedes, AL i. 187;
reconstruction in, SPC 139;
opinions of statesmen on its annexation, AG 351, JQA 265,
266, AJ 459, THB 266-274.
TEXAS vs "WHITE,
see Constitution.
THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT,
see Constitution.
TIPPECANOE,
see Military History.
TORIES, origin of party in Massachusetts and New York, SA 85, 96,
97, GM7;
their leaders in Massachusetts, SA 119, 132, 187, 260;
mostly Episcopalian in New York, GM 16, 17;
strong in Southern colonies, GW i. 267, GM 7;
not to be judged harshly, SA 247, GM 25, 26;
their high character, SA 247-249;
cheered by arrival of troops in Boston, SA 114, 261 ;
their efforts in legislature and town meetings against
Adams, SA 173, 187, 220, 244, 263-268;
their opinion of S. Adams, SA 328-331;
at outbreak of war, seek refuge in Boston, SA 292;
exiled from Massachusetts, SA 249, J J 241;
active in New York, GW i. 158, 159, AH 6, 8, 9, GM 10,
17, 30, J J 38, 59, 60;
oppose non-importation agreements, JJ 25;
mobbed in New York, AH 10, 11, JJ 46;
relations of Morris and Jay with, GM 68, 80, J J 63;
in Philadelphia, GW i. 196;
take part in frontier and sea-coast raids, GW i. 266, 269,
GM38, 42, 43, J J 65, 121;
popular execration of, PH 289, AH 45, JJ 242;
denounced by American leaders, SA 349, PH 274, GW i.
156, 157, J J 63-65;

366 TOPICAL INDEX
legislation against in New York, AH 46, 47, GM 52, 145,
J J 44, 59-fi6, 79, 89, 90, 242;
repeal of laws exiling, favored by Henry, PH 290, 291;
question of their compensation in treaty of peace, BF 366,
, 380-382; JA 214, 217, JJ 155, 164, 180, 188-191, 193,
194.
TOWN MEETING,
its supposed origin, SA 1;
its constitution and operation in New England, SA 2, 3;
its relation to state government, SA 23, 49-53;
its effect on New England, SA 80, 116, 382, 383, JA 54-56;
in Northwest, spread by New England settlers, SA 375,
LC 255;
its present status, SA 376-382, 385, 386.
" TRENT,"
see Diplomatic History.
TRENTON,
see Military History.
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD,
its activity before War of Rebellion, LC 303, SPC 32, 39,
75.
UNION OF COLONIES,
suggested by Penn, BF 44;
suggested by Franklin at Albany Congress, BF 44, 45;
opposed in 1754 by colonies and board of trade, BF 45, 52;
suggested by S. Adams, SA 44;
proposed at time of Stamp Act, BF 110, SA 65;
advocated in Massachusetts circular letter, SA 95;
aided by committees of correspondence, SA 195, 196;
urged after Tea Act, SA 212, 214;
growth of sentiment in its favor, PH 191, 199, 304, SA 222,
232,241;
aided in 1775 by Continental paper money, GM 32, 33;
Galloway's plan for, SA 287, PH 115, 116, JJ 35.
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA,
founded by Franklin, BF 37.

TOPICAL INDEX 367
UNIVERSITY OP VIRGINIA,
connection of Virginia statesmen with, TJ 302, JMad 322,
JMon 16.
VEAZIE BANK vs FENNO,
see Constitution.
VERMONT,
quarrels with New York over its independence, GM 83-85,
JJ94;
forms a constitution, J J 94;
danger of its secession to England, GM 83;
wins independence, GM 85;
democratic society in, TS 5-7;
early education in, TS 9;
stronghold of anti-Masonry, A J 293, TS 30;
carried by anti-Masons in 1832, HC i. 383, WHS 13;
opposes reduction of tariff, A J 335;
denounces gag rule and protests against annexation of Texas,
HC ii. 153, 154;
advocates Wilmot Proviso, LC 233;
Confederate raid into, WHS 354, 355, CS 273.
VETO POWER,
attacked by Whigs, HC ii. 222-224.
VICKSBURG, see Military History.
VIRGINIA, Colonial Period to 1774,
its population, GW i. 17-19;
social classes in, GW i. 15-29, PH 21, AG 24, JR 4, 259,
HC16;
aristocratic ideals qf, GW i. 28, ii. 315, TJ 1, 2, 5, 37, JR 8;
its local government, GW i. 117;
early education in, PH 5, 13, GWi. 23, JR 6-10;
economic conditions, GW i. 19, 25, 26, 104, 105, ii. 116, 117,
JMad 47-49, TS 77, 78;
church government, PH 37-39, GW i. 21, JMad 13;
slavery in, TJ 44-47;

368 TOPICAL INDEX
VIRGINIA (continued),
reluctant to fight French in 1754, GW i. 71;
quarrels with Governor Dinwiddie, GW i. 71;
terrified after Braddock's defeat, GW i. 88;
gives Washington a command, but fails to support him, GW
i. 89, 90, 93;
passes laws to prevent clergy benefiting from high price of
tobacco, PH 40-44;
Parsons' cause in, PH 46-55;
enthusiasm in, for eloquence, PH 60, 88, 89;
elections in, PH 61, TJ 16, JMad 18;
corruption of Speaker of House of Burgesses, PH 63;
protests against proposed Stamp Act, PH 65;
passes Henry's " Virginia Resolves " against Stamp Act,
PH 68-76, SA 122, GW i. 119;
aristocratic and popular parties and leaders in, PH 66, 71,
88, 89, GM 14, 282, JMon 2;
unanimous against English policy, PH95, 96;
suggests committees of correspondence, SA 195, TJ 17;
legislature deplores Boston Port Bill and is dissolved, PH
97, GW i. 123, TJ 17, 18;
calls for a continental congress, PH 98;
adopts a non-importation agreement, GW i. 121, TJ 16.
Revolutionary Period, 1774-1783,
elects a convention, PH 99, 134;
sends delegates to Congress, PH 99, 100, GW i. 127, JMad
19;
prepares for resistance, PH 131-152, 177, GW i. 132, JMar
9-12;
raises force to compel Dunmore to pay for powder seized,
PH 157-167, JMar 12, 14;
appoints Henry commander, but denies him real power, PH
177;
campaign in, against Dunmore, PH 177-186, JMar Lt-17;
convention divided between aristocratic and popular fac
tions, PH 191;
adopts Jefferson's draft of reply to Lord North, TJ 21, 22;

TOPICAL INDEX 369
instructs delegates to Congress to favor independence, PH
192-197, TJ 28, JMad 15,16;
growing feeling in, for independence, PH 199, 200;
draws up Constitution and Bill of Rights, PH 200-210,
JMad 16;
struggle over its constitution, between Democratic and Con
servative parties, PH 207-211 ;
establishes religious liberty, PH 208, JMad 17, 18, TJ 40,
41;
rejects Jefferson's plan of emancipation, T J 44;
its war measures, PH 221-223;
its services in War of Revolution, JMad 150, 151, JMon
11, 12;
elects Henry Governor for successive terms, PH 211-219,
238, 239, 256, 298, TJ 51, 52;
efforts of Henry to raise men and supplies from, PH 237-
241, 275-278, JMar 23, TJ 52;
said to have planned making Henry a dictator, PH 223-
226, 233-235, 285-287;
confers extraordinary powers on Governors, PH 228, 231,
233,256,260;
prohibits importation of slaves, TJ 49, JMar 124, HC i. 28;
decline of fighting spirit in, PH 253, 254, 274, TJ 52;
governorship of Jefferson in, PH268, 276, T J 51-63;
sends Clarke's expedition to conquer Northwest, PH 258-
260;
financial exhaustion in, JMar 53, 54;
cedes Western territory to United States, JMon 23;
English raids into, PH 264-267, 278-284, JMar 23, 24, TJ
54-67;
flight of Legislature before Tarleton, PH 280-284, TJ 59-
61;
Cornwallis's campaign in, GWi. 307, 315-319, GM 99, TJ
62. State History, 1783-1865,
its condition after war, JMar 25-27;
its judicial system, JMar 30, 31;

370 TOPICAL INDEX
VIRGINIA (continued),
emigration from, HC i. 13-16, THB 2;
passes bill to prevent speculation in veterans' land certifi
cates, PH 295, JMar 52;
offers Washington shares in canal company, PH 300, GW
ii. 11;
violates treaty concerning British debts, JMad 62;
establishes ports of entry, JMad 49-51, 55;
assents, and then withdraws consent to plans to give United
States a revenue, AH 38, JMad 34, 46;
fails to pay requisitions, JMar 53, 54, JMad 46, 47;
incorporates Episcopal church, JMad 63-65;
confirms Northwest Ordinance, JMon 26;
paper money movement in, JMad 67;
calls Annapolis Convention, AH 53, JMad 52-58;
condemns proposed abandonment of Mississippi navigation,
PH 308, JMad 32-34, 82, 83, JMon 26;
elects delegates to federal convention, PH 309, JMad 60;
resolves to call ratifying convention, PH 314, 316;
division of popular opinion over ratification, PH 319, 320,
JMar 56-60, JMad 112;
struggle in, over elections to convention, PH 315-320, JMar
56, 60;
the great debate in ratifying convention, PH 320-338, GW
ii. 40, AH 74, JMar 62-86, JMad 112-116, JMon 26-33 ;
calls for a second federal convention, PH 346-350, AH 79,
JMad 118, AG 24;
elects anti-Federalist Senators, PH 350, 351, JMar 88, JMad
119, JMon 33;
gerrymandered to prevent election of Madison, PH 351,
JMad 120, 121;
its States' rights school of politics, AH 117, JMar 253, 254,
JMad 174, JR 56, 188;
opposition in, to excise, AH 179, 180;
opposes Washington's administration, JMar 80, 98;
Federalist revival in, after Genet's actions, JMad 202;
denounces Jay treaty, JMar 97;

TOPICAL INDEX 371
disunion threats in, AG 116;
its vote in election of 1796, SA 367;
elects Monroe Governor, JMon 35, 77;
negro plot in, JMon 35, 36;
passes Madison's " Virginia Resolutions " against Alien and
Sedition laws, PH 408, GW ii. 266, JMad 230, 235, JR 27,
35, AJ 253, 254, DW 170, JCC 79;
plans resistance to federal authority, PH 408, GM 311, AG
166, JMon 37, 38, JR 27, 28;
Henry's last appeal to, in behalf of Union, PH 414-418,
JR 29;
decay of Federalist party in, GM 282;
its political school wrecked by Randolph's revolt, JR 188;
Burr trial in, JMar 208, 209, JR 218, 219;
intrigues of Randolph in, to get its support for Monroe, JR
194-202, 211, 212, 228;
declares for Madison for President, JMon 105, JR 228,
233;
demands admission of Missouri with slavery, HC i. 177;
not leader in new States' rights movement, JR 253;
opposes protective tariff, THB 80;
elects Randolph to Senate, JR 284;
favors congressional caucus, AJ 109;
refusal of J. Q. Adams to placate in election of 1828, JQA
201;
replaces Randolph in Senate by Tyler, JR 299;
constitutional convention of 1829 in, JMar 238-249, JMon
231, JR, 300;
Nat Turner's rising in, THB 144;
its attitude toward nullification, A J 257;
attempt of Randolph to rouse it against Jackson in 1833,
JR 301;
offers to mediate with South Carolina, AJ 335, HC ii. 5, LC
149, 150;
condemns removal of deposits, A J 365;
favors expunging resolutions, AJ 366, HC ii. 100;
causes successive resignations of Senators, A J 366;

372 TOPICAL INDEX
VIRGINIA (continued),
refuses to vote for Johnson as vice-president in 1836, AJ
442, MVB 259, 260;
has controversy with New York over extradition of "slave
stealers," WHS 35-38;
defeat of Know-Nothing party in, WHS 138;
John Brown's raid in, WHS 188, CS 170;
opposes secession in 1860, AL i. 262, CFA 125, 126;
calls Peace Conference, WHS 217, CFA 126, CS 182;
carried by secessionists, AL i. 262, 263, CFA 190;
makes military league with Confederate States, AL i. 264;
enters Southern Confederacy, AL i. 264;
its northwestern counties secede, AL i. 265;
nominal state government of, during and after war, AL ii.
217, TS 189, 269, 270;
its recognition opposed by Sumner, CS 286, 287;
readmitted to representation in Congress, CS 374.
WAR OP 1812,
see Military History.
WASHINGTON CITY,
descriptions of, GM 287, AG 161, 162, JQA 30, 101-103,
DW 235-240, SPC 7-9, CFA 106;
sacked by British, AG 320, JMon 121;
defense of, during War of Rebellion, AL i. 255-262, 330,
337, 339, ii. 33-36, 39-46, 52-59, 281-283, WHS 206-211,
263.
WEST,
its expansion foreseen by various statesmen, BF 57, 83, 84,
GW ii. 7-16, AH 209, 210, 279, TJ 246, 247, HC i. 207,
208;
desire of New England and New York to prevent its gain
ing a preponderance, GM 79, 98, 126, JMad 77, HC i. 59;
desire of Washington to open up by canals, GW ii. 9-13,
218,219,321;
its settlement, THB 1, 4, 5, HC i. 80;
character of settlers, THB 2-4, 9;

TOPICAL INDEX 373
character of its leaders, THB 11 ;
social characteristics, violence, and lawlessness, THB 13-26,
AL i. 17-30;
its ignorance, THB 18, AL i. 36, 38;
its share in War of Revolution, THB 7;
demands Mississippi navigation in 1786, GW ii. 14-16, 164,
AJ 22, 23;
its perpetual subordination to East suggested in federal
convention, GM 127, 300;
its attitude understood by Washington, GW ii. 163, 164;
projects of Genet in, against Spanish colonies, GW ii. 162;
secession movements in, GW ii. 163, A J 22, 25;
expulsion of Indians from, THB 6, 7;
Republican in politics, HC i. 31;
in 1802, demands war for Mississippi navigation, GM 292;
unfriendly to a navy, HC i. 80;
Burr's schemes in, LC 55;
its part in War of 1812, THB 7, 8, 28, HC i. 83, 86;
trades across plains to Mexico, THB 35, 36, 49;
demands free public land, A J 232;
demands internal improvements, AJ 232, HC i. 48, DW
133;
not sectional, THB 8-10;
opposes Florida treaty, THB 38, 155;
its belief in manifest destiny, THB 36, 49, 50;
indifferent to slavery, THB 37, 49, 154, 155;
favors tariff of 1824, HC i. 219;
supports tariff of 1828, MVB 143, THB 66; '
enthusiastic for Jackson, HC i. 288, THB 63;
jealous of East, THB 68, 69;
its development not due to protective tariff, THB 81, 82;
attempt of Hayne to prejudice it against New England,
DW 168;
does not approve of nullification, THB 88;
sympathizes with Texan rebellion, THB 159, 161;
great development of, MVB 288-290, HC ii. 114, 115, THB
232, 233;

374 TOPICAL INDEX
¦WEST (continued),
opposes Van Buren in 1836, MVB 280;
failure of Webster to gain popularity in, DW 218, 219;
land speculation in, MVB 289, 294, 309;
adopts inflationist finances, THB 113, 114, A J 151, 155;
ruined in panic of 1837, THB 172, 173, HJ 156;
recovers prosperity, A J 176;
demands all of Oregon, HC ii. 280, THB 59, 247, 253, 255;
favors annexation of Texas, THB 253, 264;
divides between North and South on slavery issue, THB vi.;
see also Northwest and Southwest.
WEST INDIES,
see Diplomatic History and England.
WEST VIRGINIA,
campaign of McClellan in, AL i. 304;
its origin, AL i. 265;
forms a state constitution, AL ii. 180, TS 189;
gains Virginia's consent by legal fiction, TS 189-191, 269,
270;
question of constitutionality of its admission, AL ii. 180,
181, TS 189, CS 227;
its electoral vote counted in 1864, AL ii. 297.
-WHIG PARTY,
Begins with National Republicans, 1825-1833,
its relation to Federalist party, HC i. 317-319;
social classes in, HC i. 320, 321;
begins in defense of Adams's administration, JQA 193,
MVB 153, 154, HC i. 281, 282, 287, DW 135, 146, THB
57;
chilled by Adams's coldness, JQA 199-204;
defames Jackson, HC i. 287, 288;
defeated in New York election, MVB 166;
significance of its defeat in presidential election, MVB 162,
HC i. 290-292;
claims to continue Republican party, HC i. 317;
not organized before 1830, A J 289;
its leaders, HC i. 319, 325, 341, 351, THB 78;

TOPICAL INDEX 375
refuses to reduce taxation, MVB 299;
holds national convention in 1831, AJ 298, 299;
holds " Young Men's Convention," MVB 246;
inferior in party discipline to Democrats, HC 321;
makes Bank the issue in campaign of 1832, HC i. 357, DW
203, 204, 223, THB 111;
Clay its inevitable candidate, HC i. 351, 358;
denounces Bank veto in campaign, HC i. 379, 383, 384, DW
202;
causes for its defeat in election, HC i. 383, 384, THB 116;
follows Clay in compromise of 1833, DW 216-218, THB 93.
Organizes as Opposition to Jackson and Van
Buren, 1834-1840,
begins to take the name " Whig," AJ 439, HC ii. 45, WHS
18, 19;
has varying success in elections of 1834, HC ii. 45, MVB
344, WHS 19;
coalesces with anti-Masons, A J 444, MVB 245;
despondent during Jackson's second term, HC ii. 96, JCC
117, 118, THB 166;
opposes fortifications bill, THB 130;
opposes admission of Michigan and Arkansas, THB' 152;
supports banks against metallic currency, AJ 389, THB
129, 138;
its relations with Calhoun, JCC 109, 183-186;
advocates distribution of surplus, MVB 300;
divides between Harrison, White, and Webster in 1836, AJ
444, 445, MVB 260, 264, HC ii. 96-98, DW 219, 224, 231 ;
in Illinois politics, AL i. 38, 59-61, 71 ;
in Pennsylvania politics, TS 51-53, 57, 61 ;
attacks Van Buren as author of panic, MVB 321, 322, 333,
THB 174, 175;
opposes administration measures, HC ii. 137, 138, THB
178;
demands a Bank, MVB 334-337;
demands deposit of fourth instalment of surplus, MVB 338,
HC ii. 135, THB 177;

376 TOPICAL INDEX
WHIG PARTY (continued),
gains in local elections, MVB 337, 342, HC ii. 131;
attacked by abolitionists, HC ii. 164;
in contested election case of 1839, MVB 377;
aided by " conservative " Democrats, MVB 347, HC ii. 172;
feels personal animosity to Van Buren, MVB 368;
comprises all dissatisfied elements, HC ii. 183, 185;
nominates Harrison and Tyler, MVB 377, 378, HC ii. 176,
179-182, DW 221, THB 210;
wins election of 1840, MVB 382-391, HC ii. 186-189, DW
231-233, LC 155, 156, SPC 86, 87, CFA 42, TS 57;
its program laid down by Clay, HC ii. 188, 189, THB 212,
213;
repeals Sub-Treasury Act, MVB 348, THB 217, 218;
has difficulties witb Tyler over Bank, MVB 401, 402, HC
ii. 207, THB 226, 277;
abandons Bank, AJ 401;
loses ground in elections, HC ii. 220, 237, 243;
repudiates Tyler, HC ii. 213-217, DW 244;
abandoned by " conservative " Democrats, HC ii. 216;
criticizes Webster for remaining in office, HC u. 217, 218,
DW 243, 251, LC 187;
damaged by McLeod case in New York, WHS 32, 34, 39;
defeated in New York election, WHS 39.
Breaks up over Slavery Question, 1844-1856,
opposes annexation of Texas, HC ii. 247, 272, THB 257,
CFA 47;
expects success in 1844, HC ii. 256, 266;
nominates Clay, HC ii. 250, DW 255, LC 208, 216, WHS
43 44-
despises Polk, HC ii. 256, LC 219, WHS 45-47, TS 62;
its dealings with Liberty party, HC U. 262, 263, DW 255,
JCC 250, THB 257-259, SPC 93;
its Southern members urge Clay to favor annexation of
Texas, HC ii. 260;
damaged by Clay's letters, HC ii. 264, 265, DW 255, LC
221;

TOPICAL INDEX 377
defeated in election, MVB 412, 413, HC ii. 267, LC 223,
224, WHS 47;
vacillates in opposition to Mexican War, HC ii. 288, AL i.
74;
gains ground in election of 1846, HC ii. 289, MVB 417;
supports Wilmot proviso at the North, MVB 417, 418, HC
ii. 365;
its attitude on slavery, HC U. 300, 302, LC 245;
" Conscience " and " Cotton " factions of, in Massachusetts,
CFA 59-85, CS 43-55;
carries New York in 1847, LC 243, MVB 422;
movement in, to nominate Taylor, HC ii. 294-296, 299, 314,
DW 265, LC 246-248;
nominates Taylor in 1848, MVB 430, HC ii. 305, 306, DW
265, THB 291, 292, LC 248, 249, WHS 49, 50, SPC 96,
CFA 88, 89, CS 57;
bolt of " Conscience Whigs " from, HC ii. 306-310, LC 249,
250, CFA 89, CS 58;
anti-slavery members of, prefer Taylor to Van Buren, MVB
431;
helped by Free-Soil party, HC ii. 313, 314, THB 292;
elects Taylor President, MVB 432, HC ii. 314, DW 267,
THB 292, AL i. 79;
elects Seward Senator, WHS 55;
its action in Ohio senatorial election, SPC 104-112;
splits over slavery question, WHS 80, 81;
Southern members of, denounce Taylor, HC ii. 328, WHS
72, 73;
Southern wing of, declines to follow Calhonn into a new
party, JCC 319, 320;
accepts compromise of 1850, MVB 435, HC ii. 397, 398,
DW 329, WHS 112, TS 85;
regains Massachusetts after struggle with Free-Soilers and
Democrats, CS 75, 80, 85, 97, 100;
factional struggle in New York, WHS 97;
loses all its principles, HC ii. 397, DW 307, LC 264, WHS
73;

378 TOPICAL INDEX
WHIG PARTY (continued),
candidates for its nomination in 1852, HC ii. 339-401, DW
328;
nominates Scott, MVB 439, HC ii. 403, DW 329, 330,
THB 305, LC 289, 290, WHS 112, 113;
defeated in election, HC ii. 405, DW 332, 333, LC 291,
AL i. 93, WHS 113, SPC 132, CS 90, 97, TS 88;
abandoned by Webster, DW 331;
defeats Benton for Senator, THB 304;
breaks up as result of Kansas-Nebraska Act, THB 313,
WHS 113, 133-135, 191, TS 93, SPC 132, 147;
retains organization at first in East, LC 305, CS 122;
members of, become Know-Nothings in East, Republicans
in West, WHS 138, 199, SPC 155, CS 123-129;
supports Fillmore in 1856, MVB 445, LC 322, AL i. 100
disappears, CFA 102, TS 96;
estimates of, THB 211, 257, CS 125, SPC 86-90, 97.
WHISKEY OTSURRECTION,
passage of excise law, GW ii. 123, AH 178, 179;
outbreaks in Pennsylvania and North Carolina, GW ii. 124,
AG 48-53;
proclamation against rioting, GW ii. 125, AH 180, AG 54;
renewed outbreaks, GW ii. 125, 126, AH 180, AG 55, 67-
76,78-80,86;
second proclamation, AG 77;
failure of commissioners to pacify Pennsylvania, AG 81-87;
militia called out, GW ii. 127, AG 87;
suppression of insurrection, GW ii. 128, AH 181, AG 88-93;
trial of prisoners, AG 96;
Jefferson's attitude toward, TJ 150;
Gallatin's share in, AG 69, 70, 76, 76,84, 94, 119, 124;
laid by Washington to Democratic clubs, GW ii. 242;
its real importance and danger, GW ii. 129, 130, AH 182,
AG 101.
WILMOT PROVISO,
introduced and defeated in 1846, HC ii. 285, 286, DW 283,
JCC 278, LC 232, WHS 62, 64, CS 56;

TOPICAL INDEX 379
becomes a political issue, MVB 417,418;
demanded by Northern States, HC ii. 302, LC 233 ;
defeated in 1847, LC 233;
enters presidential campaign of 1848, HC fi. 304, 305, DW
284, 285, WHS 80;
tbe origin of Republican party and cause of Civil War,
MVB 416;
question as to its necessity in New Mexico, MVB 418, DW
309-312, WHS 67;
abandoned in compromise of 1850, HC ii. 332, 343;
continued adherence of Free-Soil party to, HC ii. 345;
abandoned by Republicans in organizing Territories in 1861,
MVB 438, WHS 220, 221;
opinions of statesmen on, HC ii. 341, LC 233, 274, 277,
THB 286, 298, AL i. 79.
WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE,
relations of Virginia statesmen with, PH 22, GW ii. 339,
TJ 5, 81, JMon 7, 8, HC i. 7.
¦WISCONSIN, its discovery and settlement, LC 4,6, 12, 13;
governed by Cass, LC 115;
explorations in, LC 121, 127, 128;
Black Hawk War in, LC 141;
adopts township system, LC 255;
admitted as free State to balance Texas, AL i. 88, WHS
61;
casts heavy Free-Soil vote, LC 260;
formation of Republican party in, LC 305;
Democratic gains in, AL ii. 125.
XYZ AFFAIR,
JA 277-279, AH 201, JMar 104-128, TJ 168, AG 149.
YALE COLLEGE,
gives Franklin honorary degree, BF 43;
studies of Calhoun at, JCC 9, 10.

380 TOPICAL INDEX
YAZOO LAND GRANTS,
see Index to Randolph.
YORKTOWN,
see Military History.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The following bibliography is intended to aid the reader
to investigate in greater detail men and events treated in
the Statesmen Series. It is not a full bibliography of Ameri
can history, even for the period covered, but contains merely
a selected list of the most useful books. For purposes of con
venient reference it is divided into three parts, of which the
first comprises books treating specifically of United States
history as a whole. The second section on biographical
references and the third section on topical references are
arranged to correspond with the index of names and the
topical index respectively. Throughout, only the period
1750-1874 is considered. GENERAL WORKS
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
The first group of general works to be considered includes
the bibliographies, to which the reader is directed who desires
to refer to the sources and literature of American history,
systematically arranged.
E. Channing and A. B. Hart. Guide to the Study of Ameri
can History. Boston, 1896.
J. Winsor. Narrative and Critical History of America.
8 vols. Boston, 1884-89. See bibliographical notes at ends
of chapters.
W. E. Foster. References lo the History of Presidential
Administrations. N. Y., 1885.
W. E. Foster. References to the Constitution of the United
States. N. Y., 1890.

382 BIBLIOGRAPHY
E. E. Sparks. Topical Reference Lists in American His
tory. Columbus, 1893.
W. F. Gordy and W. I. Twitchell. A Pathfinder in Ameri
can History. Boston, 1893.
C. K. Adams. Manual of Historical Literature. N. Y.,
1882. Good brief bibliographical notes are found in the follow
ing text-books : —
E. Channing. Students' History of the United States. N. Y.,
1896. R. G. Thwaites. The Colonies. N. Y., 1891.
A.B.Hart. Formation of the Union. N. Y., 1892.
W. Wilson. Division and Reunion. N. Y., 1893.
GENERAL HISTORIES
A general history may profitably be referred to in connec
tion with the Statesmen Series, in order, through a continuous
narrative of the period 1750-1874, to unify the varied infor
mation and points of view conveyed by the separate bio
graphies. It will also be found useful to consult a purely
historical work in order to gain a professedly impartial stand
point, and to rearrange men and events in their proper per
spective. Finally, it will often be desirable to fill gaps which
the biographical form of the series may cause to be left in
the sequence of events or the treatment of matters not espe
cially connected with the subject of any one of the bio
graphies. The following list of the leading general works is arranged
chronologically according to the period treated: —
J. Fiske. The Discovery of America. 2 vols. Boston,
1893. — The Beginnings of New England. Boston, 1889. —
Old Virginia and her Neighbours. 2 vols. Boston, 1897. —
Dutch and Quaker Colonies. 2 vols. Boston, 1899. — The
American Revolution. 2 vols. Boston, 1891. — The Critical
Period of American History. Boston, 1888. [1000-1789.]
J. Winsor. Narrative and Critical History of the United
States. 8 vols. Boston, 1886-89. [1000-1840.]

GENERAL WORKS 383
Epochs of American History: —
R. G. Thwaites. The Colonies. N. Y., 1891. [1000-
1750.] A. B. Hart. Formation of the Union. N. Y., 1892.
[1750-1829.] W. Wilson. Division and Reunion. N. Y., 1893.
[1829-1885.]
W. C. Bryant and S. H. Gay. A Popular History of the
United States. 5 vols. N. Y., 1876-98. [1000-1893.]
E. Channing. Students' History ofthe United States. N. Y.,
1898. [1000-1895.]
E. S. Ellis. The People's Standard History of the United
States. 6 vols. N. Y., 1898. [1000-1898.]
G. Bancroft. A , History of the United States. Author's
last revision. 6 vols. N. Y., 1883-85. [1492-1789.]
R. Hildreth. History of the United States. 6 vols. N. Y.,
1851-56. [1492-1821.]
American History Series : —
G. P. Fisher. The Colonial Era. N. Y., 1892.
[1492-1756.] W. M. Sloane. The French War and the Revolution.
N. Y., 1893. [1756-1783.]
F. A. Walker. The Making of the Nation. N. Y.,
1895. [1783-1815.]
J. W. Burgess. The Middle Period. N. Y., 1897.
[1815-1858.]
Goldwin Smith. The United States, an Outline of Political
History, 1492-1871. N. Y., 1893.
T. Pitkin. A Political and Civil History of the United
States. 2 vols. New Haven, 1828. [1497-1797.]
E. B. Andrews. History of the United States. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1894. [1492-1888.]
H. C. Lodge. A Short History of the English Colonies in
America. N. Y., 1881. [1608-1783.]
G. Tucker. The History of the United States. 4 vols.
Phil., 1856-57. [1608-1841.]

384 BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. B. McMaster. A History of the People of the United
States. 5 vols. N. Y., 1883-99. [1783-1830.]
H. C. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United
States. 8 vols. Chicago. 1876-1892. [1783-1861.']
J. Schouler. History ofthe United States under the Consti
tution. 6 vols. N. Y., 1899. [1783-1865.]
H. Adams. History of the United States. 9 vols. N. Y.,
1889-91. [1800-1817.]
J. F. Rhodes. History of the United States from the Com
promise of 1850. 4 vols. N. Y., 1893-99. [1850-1864.]
E. B. Andrews. History ofthe last Quarter Century in the
United States, 1870-1895. N. Y., 1896.
CONTROVERSIAL HISTORIES
Certain works devoted to the various aspects of the slavery
struggle, and avowedly of » controversial character, are to
be grouped by themselves as standing midway between
general and special works.
E. A. Pollard. The Lost Cause. N. Y., 1867. [1783-
1865.] J. Davis. The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government.
2 vols. N. Y., 1881. [1783-1875.]
H. Greeley. The American Conflict. 2 vols. Hartford,
1864-67. [1789-1867.]
H. Wilson. History of the Rise and Fall of the Slave Power
in America. 3 vols. Boston, 1872-77. [1789-1877.]
J. W. Draper. History of the American Civil War. 3 vols.
N.Y., 1867-1870. [1850-1865.]
A. H. Stevens. A Constitutional View of the Late War
between the States. 2 vols. PhUa., 1868-70. [1861-1865.]
BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS
The references in this section are intended to enable the
reader to carry further the study of any prominent person
mentioned in the Statesmen Series. No attempt has been
made to gather a bibliography of each person or to refer to
sources, but merely to include published works and lives.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 385

REFERENCE WORKS
For brief references to any names mentioned in the States
men Series, whether the subjects of biographies or not, the
following reference works may be consulted : —
Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography. J.G.Wil
son and J. Fiske, editors. 6 vols. N. Y., 1887-1889.
The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. 9 vols.
N. Y., 1892-1899.
Lamb's Biographical Dictionary ofthe United Stales. J. H.
Brown. 3 vols, [to H]. Boston, 1900.
Dictionary of American Biography. F. S. Drake. Boston,
1872. American Biographical Dictionary. W. Allen. Boston,
1857. Dictionary of National Biography. L. Stephen and S. Lee,
editors. 63 vols. London, 1885-1900.
[The best reference work for English names. It contains
bibliographies.] Nouvelle Biographie Ge'nerale. J. C. F. Hoefer, editor.
46 vols. Paris, 1862-1870.
The following biographical collections contain references
more or less full to the leading American statesmen : —
Library of American Biography. J. Sparks, editor. First
series, 10 vols. Second series, 15 vols. Boston, 1834-#5.
National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1862. The National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans.
J. B. Longacre and J. Herring. 4 vols. Phil., 1834-39.
Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United
States. C. Lanman. N. Y., 1887.
The Republic, a History of the United States in fhe Admin
istrations. J. R. Irelan. 14 vols. Chicago, 1886-88.
Lives of the Presidents. J. S. C. Abbott. Boston, 1879.
Lives' of the Presidents. W.O.Stoddard. 10 vols. N. Y.,
1886-89.

386 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sketches of the Lives and Judicial Services of the Chief
Justices. G. Van Santvoord. N. Y., 1854.
Lives and Times of the Chief Justices. H. Flanders. 2 vols.
Phil., 1858.
Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
B. J. Lossing. N. Y., 1848.
Biography of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence.
J. Sanderson. 9 vols. Phil., 1823-27.
Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence.
N. Dwight. N. Y., 1860.
Lives of the Governors of New York. J. S. Jenkins. Au
burn, 1851.
Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Men of our Times. H. B. Stowe. Hartford, 1868.
Eminent Americans. B. J. Lossing. N. Y., 1886.
Famous Americans of Recent Times. J. Parton. Chicago,
1881. Biographical articles are also to be found in the following
general reference works : —
Cyclcpcedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and of
the Political History of ihe United States. J. J. Lalor, editor.
3 vols. Chicago, 1881-84.
Harper's Popular Cyclopaedia of United States History. B. J.
Lossing. 2 vols. N. Y., 1881.
Johnson's Universal Cyclopaedia. C. K. Adams, editor.
8 vols. N. Y., 1893.
The American Cyclopaedia. G. Ripley and C. A. Dana,
editors. 16 vols. N. Y., 1873-76.
Periodical articles, for some persons almost the only sources
of information, may be found through : —
Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. W. F. Poole and
W. I. Fletcher, editors. Revised edition. 2 vols. Boston,
1893. Continued in 3 vols. Boston, 1888-97.
The Annual Literary Index. W. I. Fletcher and R. R.
Bowker. 1897-1900.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 387
BIOGRAPHIES
Adair, John,
Biographical Sketch of General John Adair. Washington,
1830.
Adams, Abigail,
Familiar Letters of John Adams, and his Wife Abigail Adams,
during the Revolution. With a Memoir of Mrs. Adams.
C. F. Adams, editor. Boston, 1876.
Adams, John,
The Life of John Adams. J. Q. Adams and C. F. Adams.
2 vols. Phil., 1871.
Works of John Adams, with a Life of the Author. 10 vols.
Boston, 1850-56.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times of John Adams.
J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1886.
Adams, John Quincy,
Memoir of the Life of John Quincy Adams. Josiah Quincy.
Boston, 1858.
Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams. W. H.
Seward, Auburn, 1849.
James Madison, James Monroe, and John Quincy Adams.
W. O. Stoddard. N. Y., 1887.
History ofthe Life, Administration, and Times of John Quincy
Adams. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887.
Memoirs of John Quincy A dams. Comprising Parts of his
Diary. 12 vols. Phil., 1874-77.
Adams, Samuel,
The Life and Public Services of Samuel Adams. W. V.
Wells. 3 vols. Boston, 1865.
Albert, Prince Consort,
Life of the Prince Consort. Sir T. Martin, K. C. B. 5 vols.
New York, 1875-80.
Life of H. R. H. the Prince Consort. C. M. Yonge. London,
1890.
Alexander I.,
Life and Times of Alexander I., Emperor of all the Russias.
C. Joyneville. 3 vols. London, 1875.

388 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Allen, Charles,
A Memorial of the Hon. Charles Allen, from his Children.
Cambridge, 1870.
Allen, Ethan,
The Mountain Hero and his Associates. H. W. DePuy.
Boston, 1855.
Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Heroes of '76. H. W.
DePuy. Buffalo, 1859.
Ethan Allen, the Robin Hood of Vermont. Henry Hall. New
York, 1892.
Memoir of Col. Ethan Allen. H. Moore. Plattsburg, 1834.
Ames, Fisher,
Works of Fisher Ames. Seth Ames. 2 vols. Boston, 1854.
Andre, Major John,
The Life and Career of Major John Andre. W. Sargent.
Boston, 1861.
Andrew, John A.,
Sketch of the Official Life of John A . A ndrew. A. G. Browne,
Jr. New York, 1868.
Memoir of John A. Andrew, with Personal Reminiscences.
P. W. Chandler. Cambridge, 1880.
Arnold, Benedict,
Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold. Jared Sparks. Bos
ton, 1838.
Life of Benedict Arnold. I. N. Arnold. Chicago, 1880.
Astor, John Jacob,
Life of John Jacob Astor. J. Parton. N. Y., 1865.
Baker, Edward D.,
Hon. Edward D. Baker, U. S. Senator from Oregon. J. D.
Baltz. Lancaster, Pa., 1888.
Banks, Nathaniel P.,
The Bobbin Boy, or How Nat got his Learning. W. M.
Thayer. Boston, 1860.
Barlow, Joel,
Political Writings. Joel Barlow. New York, 1796.
Barras, P. F. J. N., Ccmte de,
Memoirs. Translated by C. E. Roche. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1895-96.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 389
Bates, Edward,
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
— Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Bates, Joshua,
Tribute of Boston Merchants to the Memory of Joshua Bates.
Boston, 1864.
A Memorial of Joshua Bates from the City of Boston. Bos
ton City Council. Boston, 1865.
Bayard, James A.,
see National Portrait Gallery. Longacre and Herring.
Vol. II.
Beaumarchais, Louis Leonard de,
Beaumarchais and his Times. Iu. de Lome'nie. Translated
by H. S. Edwards. N. Y., 1857.
Beauregard, General P. G. T.,
The Military Operations of General Beauregard in the War
between the States, 1861-65. Alfred Roman. 2 vols. New
York, 1884.
Bedford, John Russell, Duke of,
Correspondence, with introduction by Lord John Russell. 3
vols. London, 1842-^6.
Bell, John,
Life, Speeches, and Public Services of John Bell. N. Y., 1860.
Bennett, James Gordon,
Memoirs of James Gordon Bennett and his Times, by a jour
nalist (I. C. Pray). N. Y., 1855.
Benton, Thomas H,
Thirty Years' View, a History ofthe Working of the American
Government for Thirty Years. 2 vols. N. Y., 1854-56.
Bernard, John,
Retrospections of America, 1792-1811. New York, 1887.
Binns, John,
Recollections of his Life. Written by Himself. Phil., 1854.
Binney, Horace,
An Eulogium of the Life and Character of Horace Binney.
W. Strong. Phil., 1876.
Birney, James G.,
James G. Birney and his Times. William Birney. N. Y.,
1890.

390 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Sketch ofthe Life and Writings of James G. Birney. Beriah
Green. Utica, 1844.
Black, Jeremiah S.,
Essays and Speeches of Jeremiah S. Black, with a Biographi
cal Sketch. Chauncy F. Black. New York, 1885.
Blaine, James G.,
Biography of James G. Blaine. Gail Hamilton. Norwich,
1895.
James G. Blaine. A Sketch of his Life. C. W. Balestier.
N. Y., 1884.
Life and Public Services of James G. Blaine. R. H. Conwell.
Boston, 1884.
Political Adventures of James G. Blaine. E. L. Didier.
Baltimore, 1884.
Twenty Years of Congress. James G. Blaine. 2 vols. Nor
wich, 1884-86.
Blair, Francis P., Jr.,
Lives of Seymour and Blair. Phil., 1868.
The Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour, with a Life
of Francis P. Blair, Jr. J. D. McCabe. N. Y., 1868.
Seymour and Blair, their Lives and Services. D. G. Croly.
N. Y., 1868.
Bonaparte, Jerome,
Memoires et Correspondance du Roi Jerome et de la Reine
Catherine. 7 vols. Paris, 1861-66.
Boone, Daniel,
The First White Man ofthe West, or the Life and Exploits of
Colonel Daniel Boone. T. Flint. Cincinnati, 1849.
Daniel Boone, the Pioneer of Kentucky. G.C.Hill. N. Y.,
1860.
Boutwell, George S.,
Speeches and Papers relating to the Rebellion. Boston, 1867.
Breckenridge, John C,
Portraits and Sketches of J. C. Breckenridge and Joseph
Lane. N. Y., 1860.
Bright, John,
Life and Times ofthe Right Hon. John Bright. W. Robert
son. London, 1884.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 391
The Life and Speeches of John Bright. G. B. Smith. N. Y.,
1881.
Brougham, Henry Peter, Baron,
Life and Times. Written by Himself. 3 vols. Edinburgh,
1871.
Works. 7 vols. Edinburgh, 1872.
Brown, John,
Reminiscences of Old John Brown. G. W. Brown. Rock-
ford, 111., 1880.
Public Life of Captain John Brown. J. Redpath. Boston,
1860.
Life and Letters of John Brown. F. B. Sanborn. Boston,
1885.
John Brown. H. C. Von Hoist. Boston, 1889.
The Life and Letters of Captain John Brown. R. D. Webb.
London, 1861.
Bryant, William Cullen,
William Cullen Bryant. J. Bigelow. Boston, 1890.
William Cullen Bryant. A. J. Symington. N. Y., 1880.
Buchanan, James,
Life of James Buchanan. G. T. Curtis. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1883.
Mr. Buchanan's Administration on the Eve of the Rebellion.
N. Y., 1866.
Burgoyne, General John,
Political and Military Episodes derived from the Life and
Correspondence of John Burgoyne. E. B. de Fonblanque.
London, 1876.
Burke, Edmund,
History of the Life and Times of Edmund Burke. T. Mac-
Knight. 3 vols. London, 1858-60.
Memoir of the Life and Character of the Right Hon. Edmund
Burke. James Prior. 2 vols. Boston, 1854.
Works. Third edition. 12 vols, Boston, 1869.
Edmund Burke. J. Morley. London, 1879.
Burnside, General Ambrose E.,
Life and Public Services of Ambrose E. Burnside. B. P.
Poore. Providence, 1882.

392 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Burr, Aaron,
Memoirs of Aaron Burr. M. L. Davis. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1836, 1837.
Life and Times of Aaron Burr. James Parton. N. Y.,
1858.
Private Journal of Aaron Burr during his Residence of Four
Years in Europe. 2 vols. N. Y., 1838.
Life of Colonel Aaron Burr. C. B. Todd. N. Y., 1879.
Butler, Benjamin P.,
The Lives and Opinions of B. F. Butler and Jesse Hoyt.
W. L. Mackenzie. Boston, 1845.
Butler, General B. P.,
Life of B. F. Butler. T.A.Bland. Boston, 1879.
Autobiography and Personal Reminiscences. Butler's Book.
Boston, 1892.
General Butler in New Orleans. J. Parton. Boston, 1864.
Cabot, George,
Life and Letters of George Cabot. H. C. Lodge. Boston,
1877.
Calhoun, John C,
Life of John C. Calhoun. N. Y., 1843.
Life of John C. Calhoun. J. S. Jenkins. Auburn, 1850.
Private Life of John C. Calhoun. M. Bates. Charleston,
1852.
Works of John C. Calhoun. R. K. Cralle\ 6 vols. New
York, 1853.
Cameron, Simon,
see Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Canning, George,
The Political Life of the Right Honorable George Canning.
A. G. Stapleton. 3 vols. London, 1831.
Canning, Stratford,
The Life of Stratford Canning, Viscount Stratford de Red-
cliffe. S. Lane-Poole. 2 vols. London, 1888.
Cartwright, Peter,
Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, the Backwoods Preacher.
Edited by W. P. Strickland. N. Y., 1857.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 393
Cass, Lewis,
Life and Services of General Lewis Cass. Phil., 1848.
Outline of the Life and Character of General Lewis Cass.
H. R. Schoolcraft. Albany, 1848.
Fifty Years of Public Life. The Life and Times of Lewis
Cass. W. L. G. Smith. N. Y., 1856.
Castlereagh, Viscount,
Memoirs and Correspondence. 12 vols. London, 1850-53.
Chandler, Zachariah,
Zachariah Chandler; his Life and Public Services. By tho
Detroit Post and Tribune. Detroit, 1880.
Channing, William Ellery,
Memoirs of William Ellery Channing. W. H. Channing.
3 vols. Boston, 1848.
Chase, Salmon P. ,
The Life and Public Services of Salmon P. Chase. J. W.
Schuckers. N. Y., 1874.
An A ccount of the Private Life and Public Services of Salmon
Portland Chase. R. B. Warden. Cincinnati, 1874.
Chase, Samuel,
see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page
386.
Chateaubriand, Vicomte,
(Euvres Completes. 22 vols. Paris, 1836.
Chateaubriand, sa Vie et ses (Euvres. C. Benoit. Paris, 1865.
Chateaubriand. M. F. A. de Lescure. Paris, 1892.
Chatham, William Pitt, Earl of,
Anecdotes ofthe Life ofthe Right Hon. William Pitt, Earl qf
Chatham. J. Almon. 3 vols. London, 1810.
A History of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. F. Thackeray.
2 vols. London, 1827.
Correspondence. 4 vols. London, 1838-40.
Chevalier, Michel,
Society, Manners, and Politics in the United States. Boston,
1839.
Choate, Rufus,
Life of Rufus Choate. S. G. Brown. Boston, 1870.

394 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Works of Rufus Choate. 2 vols. Boston, 1862.
Memories of Rufus Choate. J. Neilson. Boston, 1884.
Reminiscences of Rufus Choate. E. G. Parker. N. Y., 1860.
Clay, Cassius M.,
Life, Memoirs, Writings, and Speeches. 2 vols. Cincinnati,
1886.
Clay, Henry,
Life and Times of Henry Clay. C. Colton. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1846.
The Last Seven Years ofthe Life of Henry Clay. C. Colton.
N. Y., 1856.
Life and Speeches of Henry Clay. D. Mallory. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1843.
The Life and Public Services of Henry Clay. Epes Sargent.
N. Y., 1859.
Life and Times of Henry Clay. S. M. Schmucker. Phil.,
1867.
The Life and Speeches of Henry Clay. J. B. Swain. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1842.
Biography of Henry Clay. G. D. Prentice. N. Y., 1831.
Private Correspondence of Henry Clay. N. Y., 1855.
Works of Henry Clay. 6 vols. N. Y., 1863.
Clayton, John M.,
Memoir of John M. Clayton. J. P. Comegys. Wilmington,
1882.
Clinton, DeWitt,
The Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton. W. W. Camp
bell. N. Y., 1849.
Memoir of De Witt Clinton. D. Hosack. 2 parts. N. Y.,
1829.
Life of DeWitt Clinton. J. Renwick. N. Y., 1840.
Clinton, George,
see National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. Vol. I.
N. Y., 1862.
Cobb, Howell,
Memorial Volume of Howell Cobb. S. Boykin. Philadel
phia, 1870.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 395
Cobden, Richard,
Life of Richard Cobden. J. Morley. 2 vols. Boston, 1881.
Reminiscences of Richard Cobden. J. S. Schwabe. London,
1895.
Colfax, Schuyler,
Life and Services of Gen. U. S. Grant. With a Sketch of
Schuyler Colfax. H. Coppfje. N. Y., 1868.
Life of Schuyler Colfax. Rev. A. Y. Moore. Phil., 1868.
Life and Public Services of U. S. Grant, and a Biographical
Sketch of Schuyler Colfax. C.A.Phelps. Boston, 1868.
Life of Schuyler Colfax. O. J. Hollister. N. Y., 1886.
Conkling, Roscoe,
The Life and Letters of Roscoe Conkling. A. R. Conkling.
N. Y., 1889.
Cornwallis, Charles, Lord,
Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis. C. Ross.
3 vols. London, 1859.
Corwin, Thomas,
Thomas Corwin. A. P. Russell. Cincinnati, 1882.
Speeches of Thomas Corwin, with a Sketch of his Life. I.
Strohm. Dayton, 1859.
Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin. Josiah Morrow.
Cincinnati, 1896.
Crawford, William H.,
The Life and Times of William Harris Crawford, of Georgia.
C. N. West. Savannah, 1892.
Crittenden, John J.,
Life of John J. Crittenden. Mrs. A. M. Coleman. 2 vols.
Phil., 1871.
Crockett, David,
Colonel Crockett's Exploits and Adventures in Texas. Writ
ten by Himself. Phil., 1836.
Curtis, Benjamin R.,
Memoir. With some of his Professional and Miscellaneous
Writings. Edited by his son, Benj. R. Curtis. 2 vols.
Boston, 1879.
Cusning, Caleb,
A Memorial of Caleb Gushing. City Government of New
buryport. Newburyport, 1879.

396 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Dallas, Alexander J.,
Life and Writings of Alexander J. Dallas. G. M. Dallas.
Phil., 1871.
Dallas, George M.,
Life of J. K. Polk. Also a Sketch ofthe Life of George M.
Dallas. Baltimore, 1844.
Letters from London. Phil., 1869.
Davis, Henry Winter,
Speeches and Addresses of Henry Winter Davis, with Life by
J. A. J. Creswell. N. Y., 1867.
Davis, Jefferson,
Life and Imprisonment of Jefferson Davis. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1866.
Jefferson Davis, Ex-President of the Confederate States. A
Memoir. Mrs. V. J. Davis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1890.
Life of Jefferson Davis. E. A. Pollard. Phil., 1869.
Life of Jefferson Davis. F. H. Alfriend. Cincinnati, 1868.
The Life of Jefferson Davis. By Distinguished Men of his
Time. Baltimore, 1890.
Dayton, "William L.,
A Memorial of the Life and Character of Han. William L.
Dayton. J. P. Bradley. Newark, 1875.
Deane, Silas,
The Objects and Proceedings of Silas Deane. E. Bancroft.
Brooklyn, 1891.
Papers in Relation to the Case of Silas Deane. Phil., 1855.
The Deane Papers. C.Isham. 3 vols. New York, 1887-89.
Dearborn, Henry,
Defense of General Henry Dearborn against the Attacks of
General William Hull. H. A. S. Dearborn. Boston, 1824.
Derby, Earl of,
Life of the Earl of Derby, K. G. T. E. Kebbel. London,
1890.
The Earl of Derby. E. G. B. Saintsbury. London, 1892.
De Tocqueville, Alexis,
Democracy in America. Translated by H. Reove. 2 vols.
Cambridge, 1862.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 397
Dexter, Samuel,
Reminiscences of Samuel Dexter. L. M. Sargent. Boston,
1857.
Sketch of the Life of Samuel Dexter. J. Story. Boston, 1816.
Dickerson, Mahlon,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. III. Phil., 1834-39.
Dickinson, Daniel S.,
Speeches, Correspondence, etc. 2 vols. N. Y., 1867.
Dickinson, John,
The Life and Times of John Dickinson, 1732-1808. C. J.
Stille". Phil., 1891.
Political Writings of John Dickinson. 2 vols. Wilmington,
1801.
Disraeli, Benjamin,
The Public Life of the Earl of Beaconsfield. F. Hitchman.
2 vols. London, 1879.
The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield, and
his Times. A. C. Ewald. 2 vols. London, 1882.
An Appreciative Life ofthe Earl of Beaconsfield. C. Brown.
2 vols. London, 1882.
Lord Beaconsfield. J. A. Froude. London, 1890.
Life of Lord Beaconsfield. T. E. Kebbel. London, 1888.
Disraeli and his Day. Sir W. Fraser. London, 1891.
Dix, John A.,
Speeches and Occasional Addresses. 2 vols. N. Y., 1864.
Memoirs of John Adams Dix. Compiled by his son. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1883.
Dixon, Archibald,
The True History of the Missouri Compromise and its Repeal.
S. B. Dixon. Cincinnati, 1899.
Douglas, Stephen A.,
Life of Stephen A. Douglas. J. W. Sheahan. N. Y., 1860.
Voters' Version of the Life and Character of Stephen A.
Douglas. R. B. Warden. Columbus, 1860.
A Brief Treatise upon Constitutional and Party Questions, and
the History of Political Parties, as received Orally from the
late Stephen A. Douglas. J. M. Cutts. N. Y., 1866.

398 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Duane, William J.,
Biographical Memoir of William J. Duane. Phil., 1868.
Dumouriez, C. F. D.,
Memoirs of General Dumouriez. Written by Himself. Trans
lated by J. Fenwick. Phil., 1794.
Edwards, Ninian,
History qf Illinois from 1778 to 1833, and Life and Times of
Ninian Edwards. By his son, Ninian W. Edwards.
Springfield, 1870.
Ellsworth, Oliver,
see Lives ofthe Chief Justices. Flanders and Van Santvoord.
Everett, Edward,
Orations and Speeches on various Occasions. 4 vols. Boston,
1853-1868.
A Memorial of Edward Everett. J. M. Bugbee. Boston,
1865.
Ewing, Thomas,
Memoir of Thomas Ewing. Mrs. E. E. Sherman. New
York, 1874.
Farragut, David G.,
The Life of David Glasgow Farragut. L. Farragut. N. Y.,
1879.
Field, David Dudley,
The Life of David Dudley Field. H. M. Field, D. D. N. Y.,
1898.
Fillmore, Millard,
Biography qf Millard Fillmore. J. Chamberlain. Buffalo,
1856.
History qf the Life, Administration, and Times of Millard
Fillmore. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.
Forster, William E.,
Life of William Edward Forster. T. W. Reid. 2 vols.
London, 1888.
Fox, Charles James,
Memorials and Correspondence of Charles James Fox. Lord
John Russell. 4 vols. London, 1853-57.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 399
Life of Charles James Fox. H. 0. Wakeman. London,
1890.
Franklin, Benjamin,
Life and Times of Benjamin Franklin. J. Parton. 2 vols.
Boston, 1867.
Life of Benjamin Franklin. J. Sparks. Boston, 1844.
Benjamin Franklin as a Man of Letters. J. B. McMaster.
Boston, 1887.
Franklin Bibliography. P. L. Ford. Brooklyn, 1889.
Benjamin Franklin's Life and Writings. H. Stevens. Lon
don, 1881.
Franklin in France. E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr. 2 vols.
Boston, 1887-88.
Works of Benjamin Franklin. Jared Sparks. 10 vols.
Boston, 1836-1850.
Complete Works of Benjamin Franklin. John Bigelow. 10
vols. N. Y., 1887-88.
The Many-Sided Franklin. P. L. Ford. N. Y., 1899.
The True Benjamin Franklin. S. G. Fisher. Phil., 1899.
Fremont, John O,
Memoirs of my Life. Chicago, 1887.
Memoir of Life and Services of John C. Fremont. J. Bige
low. N. Y., 1856.
Life, Explorations, and Public Services of John C. Fremont.
C. W. Upham. Boston, 1856.
Gallatin, Albert,
Life of Albert Gallatin. Henry Adams. Phil., 1879.
Writings of Albert Gallatin. H. Adams. 3 vols. Phil.,
1879.
Garfield, James A.,
Garfield's Place in History. H. C. Pedder. N. Y., 1882.
Works qf James A. Garfield. B. A. Hinsdale. 2 vols.
Boston, 1882-83.
Garrison, William Lloyd,
William Lloyd Garrison. The Story of his Life Told by his
Children. W. P. Garrison and F. J. Garrison. 4 vols.
N. Y., 1885-89.

400 BIBLIOGRAPHY
William Lloyd Garrison, the Abolitionist. A. H. Grimke.
N. Y., 1891.
William Lloyd Garrison and his Times. Oliver Johnson.
Boston, 1880.
The Moral Crusader: A Biographical Essay on William
Lloyd Garrison. G. Smith. N. Y., 1892.
The Story of a Noble Life: William Lloyd Garrison. W. E.
A. Axon. London, 1879.
Selections from Writings and Speeches. Boston, 1852.
George III.,
Memoirs of the Life and Reign qf King George the Third.
J. H. Jesse. 3 vols. London, 1867.
Gerry, Elbridge,
The Life of Elbridge Gerry. J. T. Austin. 2 vols. Boston,
1829.
Giddings, Joshua R.,
Life of Joshua R. Giddings. G. W. Julian. Chicago, 1892.
Speeches in Congress. Boston, 1853.
Girard, Stephen,
Biography of Stephen Girard. S. Simpson. Phil., 1832.
Life and Character of Stephen Girard. H. A. Ingram.
Phil., 1886.
Stephen Girard, Merchant and Mariner. J. M. Beck. Phil.,
1897.
Gladstone, William Ewart,
The Story of Gladstone's Life. J. McCarthy. N. Y.,
1897.
The Life of William Ewart Gladstone. Sir T. W. Reid,
Editor. 2 vols. N. Y., 1899.
Grant, Ulysses S.,
Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. N. Y., 1886.
Military History of U. S. Grant. Adam Badeau. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1868.
Grant in Peace. A. Badeau. Hartford, 1887.
Recollections of General Grant. G. W. Childs. Phil., 1888.
Life qf U. S. Grant. C. A. Dana and J. H. Wilson. Spring
field, 1868.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 401
Greeley, Horace,
A Memorial of Horace Greeley. Whitelaw Reid. N. Y.,
1873.
Recollections of a Busy Life. N. Y., 1868.
Life and Public Career of Horace Greeley. W. M. Cornell.
Boston, 1882.
Life of Horace Greeley. L. D. Ingersoll. Phil., 1873.
Life of Horace Greeley. J. Parton. N. Y., 1855.
Horace Greeley, the Editor. F. N. Zabriskie. N. Y., 1890.
Greene, General Nathanael,
General Greene. F. V. Greene. N. Y., 1893.
The Life of Nathanael Greene. G. W. Greene. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1867-71.
Sketches of the Life and Correspondence of Nathanael Greene.
W. Johnson. 2 vols. Charleston, 1822.
Grimes, James W.,
The Life of J. W. Grimes. By W. Salter. N. Y., 1876.
Grundy, Felix,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. III. Phil., 1834-39.
Hale, John P.,
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
Halleek, General Henry W.,
Biographical Sketch of Major General Henry W. Halleck.
G. W. Cullum. N. Y., 1880.
Hamilton, Alexander,
The Life of Alexander Hamilton.. John C. Hamilton. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1834.
The Life of Alexander Hamilton. A History ofthe Republic,
J. C. Hamilton. 7 vols. Boston, 1879.
The Life and Times of Alexander Hamilton. S. M.
Schmucker. Phil., 1856.
The Life qf Alexander Hamilton. J. T. Morse, Jr. 2 vols.
Boston, 1876.
The Life and Epoch of Alexander Hamilton. G. Shea. Bos
ton, 1877.

402 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Alexander Hamilton. W. G. Sumner. N. Y., 1890.
The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by J. C. Hamil
ton. 7 vols. N. Y., 1850-51.
The Works of Alexander Hamilton. Edited by H. C. Lodge.
4 vols. N. Y., 1885.
Hamilton, James A.,
Reminiscences. N. Y., 1869.
Hamlin, Hannibal,
The Life and Times qf Hannibal Hamlin. C. E. Hamlin.
Boston, 1899.
Hancock, John,
John Hancock and his Times. W. C. Burrage. Boston,
1891.
Ten Chapters in the Life of John Hancock. S. Higginson.
N. Y., 1857.
John Hancock, his Book. A. E. Brown. Boston, 1898.
Harper, Robert Goodloe,
Robert Goodloe Harper. A Dissertation. C. W. Sommer-
ville. Wash., 1899.
Harrison, Benjamin,
see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on
page 386.
Harrison, William Henry,
Life and Times of W. H. Harrison. S. J. Burr. N. Y.,
1840.
History of the Life of General Harrison. I. R. Jackson.
Phil., 1840.
The Tippecanoe Text-book. W. O. Niles. Baltimore, 1840.
Life of Major General William Henry Harrison. H. Mont
gomery. N. Y., 1860.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times of William
Henry Harrison. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.
Hayne, Robert Y.,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol.11. Phil., 1834-39.
Henry, Patrick,
Sketches of the Life and Character of Patrick Henry. W.
Wirt. Phil., 1818.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 403
Patrick Henry. Life, Correspondence, and Speeches. W. W.
Henry. 3 vols. N. Y., 1891.
Hill, Isaac,
Biography of Isaac Hill of New Hampshire. C. P. Bradley.
Concord, 1835.
Houston, Samuel,
Life and Select Literary Remains of Sam Houston. W. C.
Crane. 2 vols. Phil., 1885.
Sam Houston and his Republic. C. E. Lester. N. Y., 1846.
Life of Sam Houston. (Anon.) N. Y., 1855.
Life qf General Houston. H. G. Bruce. N. Y., 1891.
Sam Houston and the War of Independence in Texas. A.M.
Williams. Boston, 1893.
Life qf Sam Houston. N. Y., 1880.
Hull, William,
Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of General William
HuU. Mrs. M. Campbell and J. F. Clarke. N. Y.,
1848.
Hunter, R. M. T.,
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
— Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Hutchinson, Thomas,
Life qf Thomas Hutchinson. J. K. Hosmer. Boston, 1896.
The Governor's Garden. A Relation of some Passages in the
Life of his Excellency Thomas Hutchinson. G. R. R. Rivers.
Boston, 1896.
Diary and Letters. 2 vols. Boston, 1884r-86.
Ingersoll, Charles Jared,
The Life of Charles Jared Ingersoll. By his grandson, W.
M. Meigs. Phil., 1897.
Recollections. Phil., 1861.
Iredell, James,
Life and Correspondence qf James Iredell. G. J. McKee.
2 vols. N. Y., 1857-58.
Irving, Washington,
Washington Irving. Charles D. Warner. Boston, 1881.

404 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Izard, Ralph,
Correspondence of Mr. Ralph Izard of South Carolina, 1774r-
1804. N. Y., 1844.

Jackson, Andrew,
Life qf Andrew Jackson. J. Parton. 3 vols. N. Y., 1860.
General Jackson. J. Parton. N. Y-., 1893.
Life of Andrew Jackson. By William Cobbett. N. Y.,
1834.
The Life of Andrew Jackson. J. Reid and J. H. Eaton.
Phil., 1817.
Life of Andrew Jackson, Private, Military, and Civil. A.
Kendall. N. Y., 1843.
Life of Andrew Jackson. A. Walker. Phil., 1860.
Jackson, Thomas Jonathan,
Stonewall Jackson. J. E. Cooke. N. Y., 1876.
Life of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas Jonathan Jackson. R. L.
Dabney. 2 vols. London, 1866.
Life and Letters of General Thomas Jonathan Jackson. Mrs.
A. Jackson. N. Y., 1892.
Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War. G. F. R.
Henderson. 2 vols. N. Y., 1898.
Jay, John,
Life of John Jay. W.Jay. 2 vols. N. Y., 1833.
Life of John Jay. J. Renwick. N. Y., 1841.
Life and Times of John Joy. W. Whitelock. N. Y., 1887.
Correspondence and Public Papers. Edited by H. P. John
ston. 4 vols. N. Y., 1890-93.
Jefferson, Thomas,
The Life of Thomas Jefferson. H. S. Randall. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1858.
The Life of Thomas Jefferson. G. Tucker. 2 vols. Phil.,
1837.
The Character of Thomas Jefferson, as exhibited in his own
writings. T. Dwight. Boston, 1839.
Life of Thomas Jefferson. J. Parton. Boston, 1874.
The Private Life of Thomas Jefferson.. H. W. Pierson.
N. Y., 1862.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 405
The Domestic Life of Thomas Jefferson. S. N. Randolph.
N. Y., 1876.
Bibliotheca Jeffersonia. H. B. Tompkins. N. Y., 1887.
Thomas Jefferson. J. Schouler. N. Y., 1893.
Writings of Thomas Jefferson. H. A. Washington. 9 vols.
Wash., 1853-54.
Writings of Thomas Jefferson. P. L. Ford. 9 vols. N. Y.,
1892-98.
Johnson, Andrew,
Life and Speeches of Andrew Johnson. G.W.Bacon. Lon
don, 1862.
Speeches. With a Biographical Introduction. F. Moore.
Boston, 1865.
Life and Public Services of Andrew Johnson. J. Savage.
N. Y., 1868.
History of the Life, Administration and Times of Andrew
Johnson. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.
Johnston, Joseph E.,
Narrative of Military Operations during the Late War between
the States. N. Y., 1874.
Jones, John Paul,
Life of Paul Jones. A. S. Mackenzie. 2 vols. Boston,
1841.
Life and Correspondence of John Paul Jones. R. C. Sands.
N. Y., 1830.
Sketches of the Life, Character, and Times of Paul Jones.
T. Chase. Richmond, Va., 1859.
Memoirs of Rear Admiral Paul Jones. 2 vols. London,
1830.
Life and Adventures of John Paul Jones. J. S. C. Abbott.
N. Y., 1874.
Life and Character of Chevalier John Paul Jones. J. H.
Sherburne. Washington, 1825.
Julian, George W.,
Political Recollections. 1840-1872. Chicago, 1884.
Speeches on Political Questions. N. Y., 1872.
Later Speeches on Political Questions. Indianapolis, 1889.

406 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kendall, Amos,
Autobiography. Edited by W. Stickney. Boston, 1872.
In Memoriam Amos Kendall. Washington, 1869.
Kent, James,
Memoirs and Letters of James Kent, LL. D. W.Kent. Bos
ton, 1898.
King, Rufus,
Life and Correspondence of Rufus King. C.R.King. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1894-96.
Kirkland, Rev. Samuel,
Life of Samuel Kirkland. S. K. Lothrop. Boston, 1848.
Knox, Henry,
Life and Correspondence of Henry Knox. F. S. Drake.
Boston, 1873.
Henry Knox, a Soldier of the Revolution. N. Brooks. N. Y.,
1900.
Lafayette, Marquis de,
Life of Lafayette. B. Tuckerman. 2 vols. N.Y., 1889.
The Marquis de la Fayette in the American Revolution. C.
Tower, Jr. 2 vols. Phil., 1895.
Lamb, John,
Memoir of the Life and Times of General John Lamb. I. Q.
Leake. Albany, 1857.
Lane, Joseph,
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
— Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Laurens, Henry,
see National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. Vol. I.
N. Y., 1862.
Lawrence, Abbott,
Memoir of Abbott Lawrence. H.A.Hall. Boston, 1883.
Lee, Arthur,
Life of Arthur Lee. R. H. Lee. 2 vols. Boston, 1829.
Lee, Charles,
Memoirs of Charles Lee. E. Langworthy. Dublin, 1792.
Life qf Charles Lee. J. Sparks. Boston, 1846.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 407
Lee, Henry,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J.
Herring. Vol. III. — Also National Portrait Gallery.
E. Duyckinck. Vol. I.
Lee, Richard Henry,
Memoir of the Life of Richard Henry Lee. R. H. Lee.
2 vols. Phil., 1825.
Lee, Robert E.,
Life qf Robert E. Lee. J. E. Cooke. N. Y., 1871.
Personal Reminiscences of Gen. R. E. Lee. J. W. Jones.
N. Y., 1875.
Memoirs of Robert E. Lee. A. L. Long. N. Y., 1886.
Robert E. Lee and the Southern Confederacy, 1807-1870.
H. A. White. N. Y., 1897.
Lewis, Morgan,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. III. Phil., 1834-39.
Lincoln, Abraham,
Abraham Lincoln. A History. J. G. Nicolay and J. Hay.
10 vols. N. Y., 1890.
Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln, with his State
Papers. H. J. Raymond. N. Y., 1865.
Life of Abraham Lincoln. J. G. Holland. Springfield,
1866.
Abraham Lincoln. C. G. Leland. London, 1879.
Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by distinguished Men of
his Time. A. T. Rice. N. Y., 1886.
The History and Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln.
W. H. Herndon and J. W. Weik. 3 vols. Chicago,
1889.
The History of Abraham Lincoln and the Overthrow qf Slavery.
I. N. Arnold. Chicago, 1866.
Abraham Lincoln, the Man of ihe People. N. Hapgood.
N. Y., 1899.
The Life of Abraham Lincoln. W. H. Lam on. Boston,
1872.
Abraham Lincoln and Men of War Times. A. K. McClure.
Phil., 1892.

408 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, Edited by J. G. Nico
lay and John Hay. 2 vols. N. Y., 1894.
Abraham Lincoln : The True Story of a Great Life. W. O.
Stoddard. N. Y., 1884.
Lincoln, Benjamin,
Life of Benjamin Lincoln. F. Bowen, in Library qf American
Biography. Boston, 1847.
Liverpool, Lord,
The Life and Administration of Robert Eanks, second Earl of
Liverpool. C. D. Yonge. 3 vols. London, 1868.
Livingston, Edward,
Life of Edward Livingston. C. H. Hunt. N. Y., 1864.
Livingston, Philip,
see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, page 386.
Livingston, Robert R.,
see National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. Vol. I.
N. Y., 1862.
Livingston, William,
A Memoir of the Life of William Livingston. T. Sedgwick,
Jr. N. Y., 1833.
Longstreet, James,
From Manassas to Appomattox. Phil., 1896.
Louis Philippe,
Biographical Memoirs of Louis Philippe, the First. London,
1848.
Histoire du Regne de Louis Philippe I. V. de Nouvion.
4 vols. Paris, 1858-61.
Histoire de Louis Philippe d' Orleans. J. A. M. Cre'tineau-
Joly. 2 vols. Paris, 1862.
Lovejoy, Elijah P.,
Memoir of the Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy. J. C. Lovejoy and
O. Lovejoy. N. Y., 1838.
The Martyrdom of Lovejoy. H. Tanner. Chicago, 1881.
Lowndes, "William,
Lowndes of South Carolina. An Historical and Genealogical
Memoir. G. B. Chase. Boston, 1876.
Lundy, Benjamin,
The Life, Travels, and Opinions of Benjamin Lundy. Phil.,
1847.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 409
McClellan, George B.,
Life and Campaigns of G. B. McClellan. G. S. Hillard.
Phil., 1865.
McClellan's Own Story. G. B. McClellan. N. Y., 1887.
McClure, Alexander K.,
Abraham Lincoln and Men of War-Times. A. K. McClure.
Phil., 1892.
McCulloch, Hugh,
Men and Measures of Half a Century. H. McCulloch.
N. Y., 1888.
McHenry, James,
A Sketch of the Life of Dr. James McHenry. F. J. Brown.
Bait., 1877.
McKean, Thomas,
Life of the Hon. Thos. McKean. R. Buchanan. Lancaster,
Pa., 1890.
McLane, Louis,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. I. Phil., 1834-39.
Macon, Nathaniel,
Life of Nathaniel Macon. E. R. Cotten. Baltimore, 1840.
McLean, John,
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
- — Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Madison, James,
History of the Life and Times of James Madison. W. C.
Rives, Jr. 3 vols. Boston, 1859.
Lives qf J. Madison and J. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Boston,
1850.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times of James
Madison. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1886.
James fifadison, James Monroe, and J. Q. Adams. W. O.
Stoddard. N. Y., 1887.
Letters and other Writings of James Madison. 4 vols. Phil.,
1865.
The Madison Papers. Edited by H. D. Gilpin. 3 vols.
Washington, 1840.

410 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Mann, Horace,
Life and Works qf Horace Mann. Mrs. M. P. Mann. Bos
ton, 1891.
Horace Mann. B. A. Hinsdale. N. Y., 1898.
Marshall, John,
Writings of John Marshall upon the Federal Constitution.
Boston, 1839.
Sketches of the Lives and Judicial Services of the Chief Jus
tices. G. Van Santvoord. N, Y., 1854.
Lives and Times ofthe Chief Justices. H. Flanders. 2 vols.
Phil., 1858.
Martin, Luther,
Luther Martin, The Federal Bulldog. H. P. Goddard.
Baltimore, 1887.
Martineau, Harriet,
Society in America (1834-36). 3 vols. London, 1837.
Retrospect of Western Travel. 3 vols. London, 1838.
Mason, George,
The Life of George Mason, 1725-1792. K. M. Rowland.
2 vols. N. Y., 1892.
Mason, Jeremiah,
Memoir and Correspondence of Jeremiah Mason. G. S. Hil-
lard. Cambridge, 1873.
Meade, General George G.,
Life of General George Gordon Meade. R. M. Bache.
Phil., 1897.
Meigs, R. J,
Biographical Sketches. J. W. Campbell. Columbus, 1838.
Mills, Elijah H.,
Selections from the Letters of the Hon. E. H. Mills. H. C.
Lodge, Editor. Cambridge, 1881.
Mirabeau, Honor's Gabriel de,
Vie de Mirabeau. A. J. F. MCzieres. Paris, 1892.
Mirabeau. P. F. Willert. Phil., 1833.
Recollections qf Mirabeau. P. E. L. Dumont. London,
1898.
Memoires Biographiques. 12 vols. Brussels, 1834-36.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 411
Monroe, James,
Lives of J. Madison and J. Monroe. J. Q. Adams. Bos
ton, 1850.
James Madison, James Monroe, and J. Q. Adams. W. O.
Stoddard. N. Y., 1887.
History qf the Life, Administration, and Times of James
Monroe. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887.
Writings. Edited by S. N. Hamilton. Vols. 1 ff. N. Y.,
1898-1900.
Montgomery, Richard,
Life qf Richard Montgomery. J. Armstrong, in Library of
American Biography. Vol. 1. Boston, 1839.
Morgan, Daniel,
The Life of General Daniel Morgan. J. Graham. N. Y.,
1856.
Morris, Gouverneur,
Life of Gouverneur Morris. J. Sparks. 3 vols. Boston,
1832.
Gouverneur Morris, Diary and Letters. A. C. Morris. 2
vols. N. Y., 1888.
Morris, Robert,
Robert Morris, the Financier of the American Revolution.
C. H. Hart. Phil., 1877.
The Financier and the Finances of the American Revolution.
W. G. Sumner. 2 vols. N. Y., 1891.
Robert Morris. W. G. Sumner. N. Y., 1892.
Morton, Oliver P.,
Life of Oliver P. Morton, including his Important Speeches.
W. D. Foulke. 2 vols. Indianapolis, 1898.
Motley, John Lothrop,
John Lothrop Motley. A Memoir. O. W. Holmes. Boston,
1879.
The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley. G. W. Curtis.
2 vols. N. Y., 1889.
Napoleon I., Bonaparte,
(Euvres. 6 vols. Paris, 1821-22.
Commentaires de Napoleon, Premier. 6 vols. Paris, 1867.

412

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Memoirs. Dictated by the Emperor at St. Helena. 4 vols.
London, 1823-24.
A Selection from the Letters and Despatches of the First Na
poleon. D. A. Bingham. 3 vols. London, 1884.
Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte. L. A. F. de Bourrienne.
3 vols. London, 1885.
Life of Napoleon Bonaparte. W. M. Sloane. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1896.
History ofthe Consulate and the Empire. L. A. Thiers. 11
vols. London, 1845-62.
The History of Napoleon the First. P. Lanfrey. 4 vols.
London, 1871-79.
Napoleon III., Bonaparte, Charles Louis,
(Euvres. Paris. 5 vols. 1854-69.
(Euvres Posthumes. Paris, 1873.
The Life of Napoleon III. W. B. Jerrold. 4 vols. Lon
don, 1874-82.
Histoire de Napoleon III. J. M. Villefrance. 2 vols. Paris,
1897.
The Life of Napoleon ihe Third. A. Forbes. London, 1898.

Otis, James,
Life qf James Otis.
Life of James Otis.

W. Tudor.
F. Bowen.

Boston, 1823.
Boston, 1844.

Paine, Robert Treat,
see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page
386.
Paine, Thomas,
The Life of Thomas Paine. M. D. Conway. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1892.
The Life of Thomas Paine. J. Cheatham. N. Y., 1809.
Palmerston, Henry J. Temple, Viscount,
The Life of Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston. A. E.
M. Ashley. 2 vols. London, 1876.
Life of Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston. Sir Henry
Lytton, Lord Bulwer. 3 vols. London, 1870-74.
Lord Palmerston. A. Trollope. London, 1882.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 413
Life of Viscount Palmerston. L. C. Saunders. London,
1888.
Viscount Palmerston, K. G. The Marquis of Lome. Lon
don, 1892.
Parker, Theodore,
Life and Correspondence of Theodore Parker. J. Weiss.
2 vols. N. Y., 1864.
Theodore Parker : A Biography. O. B. Frothingham. Bos
ton, 1874.
Theodore Parker, Preacher and Reformer. J. W. Chad wick.
Boston, 1900.
Parsons, Theophilus,
Memoir of Chief Justice Parsons. T. Parsons, Jr. Boston,
1859.
Peel, Sir Robert,
Political Life of Sir Robert Peel, Bart. T. Doubleday.
2 vols. London, 1856.
Sir Robert Peel. From his Private Papers. C. S. Parker,
Editor. 3 vols. London, 1891-99.
Life and Times of Sir Robert Peel. W. C. Taylor. 3 vols.
London.
Life of Sir Robert Peel. F. C. Montague. London, 1888.
Sir Robert Peel. J. McCarthy. London, 1891.
Peel. J. R. Thursfield. London, 1891.
Phillips, Wendell,
Wendell Phillips. T. W. Higginson. Boston, 1884.
Life and Times of Wendell Phillips. G. L. Austin. Boston,
1888.
Wendell Phillips; the Agitator. W. C. Martyn. N. Y.,
1890.
Speeches, Lectures, and Letters. Boston, 1863.
Pickering, Timothy,
The Life of Timothy Pickering. O. Pickering. 4 vols.
Boston, 1867-73.
Pierce, Franklin,
Life of Franklin Pierce. N. Hawthorne. Boston, 1852.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times qf Franklin
Pierce. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.

414 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,
Eulogy on the Death of General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.
A. Garden. Charleston, 1825.
see National Portrait Gallery. E. Duyckinck. Vol. I.
Pinckney, Thomas,
Life qf General Thomas Pinckney. Rev. C. C. Pinckney.
Boston, 1895.
Pinkney, 'William,
Some Account of the Life, Writings, and Speeches of William
Pinkney. H. Wheaton. Boston, 1826.
Life of William Pinkney. W. Pinkney, D.D. N. Y., 1853.
Pitt, William,
Life of the Right Honorable William Pitt. Earl Stanhope.
4 vols. London, 1861-62.
Pitt. Lord Rosebery. London, 1891.
Plumer, William,
Life of William Plumer. W. Plumer, Jr. Boston, 1857.
Poinsett, Joel R.,
Life and Services of Joel R. Poinsett. C. J. Stille". Phil.,
1888.
Polk, James K.,
Life and Public Services of James K. Polk. Baltimore,
1844.
The Life of James K. Polk. J. S. Jenkins. Auburn, 1850.
History of the Administration, Life, and Times of James K.
Polk. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.
History of the Polk Administration. IL. B. Chase. N. Y.,
1850.
Putnam, Israel,
Life qf Israel Putnam. O. W. B. Peabody. Boston, 1837.
Life of Israel Putnam. I. N. Tarbox. Boston, 1876.
Quincy, Josiah, 1744-1776,
Memoir qf the Life qf Josiah Quincy, Jun. Josiah Quincy.
Boston, 1825.
Quincy, Josiah,- 1774-1864,
Life of Josiah Quincy. E. Quincy. Boston, 1867.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 415
Randolph, Edmund,
Omitted Chapters of History, disclosed in Life and Papers of
Edmund Randolph. M. D. Conway. N. Y., 1888.
Randolph, John,
The Life of John Randolph. H. A. Garland. 2 vols. N.
Y., 1850.
Home Reminiscences of John Randolph. P. Bouldin. Dan
ville, Va., 1878.
Letters to a Young Relative. John Randolph. Phil., 1834.
Raymond, Henry J.,
Henry J. Raymond and the New York Press for Thirty
Years. A. Maverick. Hartford, 1870.
Reed, Joseph,
Life and Correspondence of Joseph Reed. W. B. Reed.
2 vols. Phil., 1847.
Revere, Paul,
The Life of Colonel Paul Revere. E. H. Goss. 2 vols.
Boston, 1891.
Rhett, R. Barnwell,
The Political Life and Services of R. Barnwell Rhett, of South
Carolina. By a Contemporary. Charleston, 1859.
Rockingham, Marquis of,
Memoirs of the Marquis of Rockingham and his Contempo
raries. G. T. Keppel, Earl of Albemarle. 2 vols. Lon
don, 1852.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. III. Phil., 1834-39.
Rush, Richard,
Memoranda of a Residence at the Court of London. Phil.,
1833.
Russell, John, Lord,
Recollections and Suggestions, 1813-1873. London, 1875.
Selections from Speeches, 1817-1841, and from Despatches,
1859-1865. 2 vols. London, 1870.
Lord John Russell. S. J. Reid. London, 1895.
Rutledge, Edward,
see Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence,
page 386.

416 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Rutledge, John,
see Lives of the Chief Justices. G. Van Santvoord. N. Y.,
1854.
Lives qf the Chief Justices. H. Flanders. N. Y., 1858. Vol.1.
St. Clair, Arthur,
The St. Clair. Papers. The Life and Public Services of
Arthur St. Clair. W. H. Smith. 2 vols. Cincinnati,
1882.
Sargent, Nathan,
Public Men and Events. 2 vols. Phil., 1875.
Schuyler, Philip,
The Life and Times of Philip Schuyler. B. J. Lossing.
N. Y., 1860.
Colonial New York : Philip Schuyler and his Family. G. W.
Schuyler. 2 vols. N. Y., 1885.
Scott, Winfield,
Life of General Scott. E. D. Mansfield. N. Y., 1852.
Life and Military and Civic Services of Lieut.-Gen. Winfield
Scott. O. J. Victor. N. Y., 1861.
General Scott. M. J. Wright. N. Y., 1894.
Memoirs. Written by himself. 2 vols. N. Y., 1864.
Seabury, Samuel,
Life and Correspondence of the Right Reverend Samuel Sea
bury. E. E. Beardsley. Boston, 1881.
Sergeant, John,
Select Speeches. Phil., 1832.
Semmes, Raphael,
The Cruise of the Alabama and the Sumter. 2 vols. Lon
don, 1864.
Memoirs of Service Afloat. Baltimore, 1869.
Sevier, John,
John Sevier as a Commonwealth Builder. J. R. Gilmore.
N. Y., 1887.
Seward, William H,
Life of William H. Seward. Frederick Bancroft. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1900.
Seward at Washington as Senator and Secretary of State.
F. W. Seward. 2 vols. N. Y., 1891.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 417
Works of William H. Seward. G. E. Baker. 5 vols. N. Y.,
1853-84.
Autobiography qf W. H. Seward from 1801-1834, with a
Memoir of his Life. N. Y., 1877.
Seymour, Horatio,
Life and Public Services of Horatio Seymour. J. D. McCabe.
N. Y., 1868.
Seymour and Blair, their Lives and Services. D. G. Croly.
N. Y., 1868.
Shelburne, Earl of,
Life of William, Earl qf Shelburne. Lord Edmond Fitz-
maurice. 3 vols. Londou, 1875-76.
Sheridan, General Philip,
General Sheridan. H. E. Davies. N. Y., 1895.
Personal Memoirs. 2 vols. N. Y., 1888.
Sherman, John,
Life and Public Services of John Sherman. B. P. Poore.
Cincinnati, 1880.
John Sherman, what he has said and done. S. A. Bronson.
Columbus, O., 1880.
Selected Speeches and Reports. N. Y., 1879.
Recollections of Forty Years in House, Senate, and Cabinet.
Chicago, 1895.
Letters of John Sherman and William Tecumseh Sherman.
N. Y., 1894
Sherman, Roger,
Life of Roger Sherman. L. H. Boutell. Chicago, 1896.
Sherman, "William Tecumseh,
Memoirs. By himself. 2 vols. N. Y., 1888.
Slidell, John,
see Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Smith, Gerrit,
Gerrit Smith : A Biography. O. B. Frothingham. N. Y.,
1878.
Sparks, Jared,
The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks. H. B. Adams.
2 vols. Boston, 1893.

418 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Stael, Madame de,
Madame de Stael. 3 vols. C. J. Blennerhassett. London,
1889.
Madame de Stael. B. Duffy. Boston, 1881.
Madame de Stael. A. Sorel. London, 1892.
Madame de Stael. A. Stevens. 2 vols. London, 1881.
Stanton, Edwin M.,
A Contribution to History. Edwin M. Stanton, his Character
and Public Services. H. Wilson and J. S. Black. Easton,
Pa., 1871.
Life and Public Services of Edwin M. Stanton. G. C. Gor
ham. 2 vols. Boston, 1899.
Stark, John,
Memoir and Official Correspondence of General John Stark.
C. Stark. Concord, 1860.
Life of John Stark. E. Everett. Boston, 1839.
Stephens, Alexander H.,
Alexander H. Stephens in Public and in Private. H. Cleve
land. Phil., 1866.
Life of Alexander H. Stephens. R. M. Johnston and W.
H. Browne. Phil., 1878.
Steuben, Baron,
The Life qf Major General Frederick William Von Steuben.
F. Kapp. 2 parts. N. Y., 1859.
Stevens, Thaddeus,
Thaddeus Stevens, Commoner. E. B. Callender. Boston,
1882.
A Review of the Political Conflict in America, also a Resume
of the Career of Thaddeus Stevens. A. Harris. N. Y.,
1876.
Stirling, Lord,
The Life qf William Alexander, Earl of Sterling. W. A.
Duer. N. Y., 1847.
Story, Joseph,
Life and Letters of Joseph Story. W. W. Story. 2 vols.
Boston, 1851.
Memoir of Joseph Story. G. S. Hillard. Boston, 1868.
Miscellaneous Writings. Edited by W. W. Story. Boston,
1835.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 419
Sullivan, James,
Life and Writings of James Sullivan. T. C.Amory. 2 vols.
Boston, 1859.
Sullivan, John,
The Military Services and Public Life of Major General John
Sullivan. T. C. Amory. Boston, 1868.
Life qf John Sullican. O. W. B. Peabody, in Library qf
American Biography. New Series. Vol.3. Boston, 1848.
Sumner, Charles,
Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner. E. L. Pierce. 4
vols. Boston, 1877-1893.
Life and Public Services of Charles Sumner. C. E. Lester.
N. Y., 1874.
Life and Times of Charles Sumner. E. Nason. Boston,
1874.
Charles Sumner. A. L. Dawes. N. Y., 1892.
The Life of Charles Sumner, the Scholar in Politics. A. H.
Grimke. N. Y., 1892.
Works qf Charles Sumner. 15 volumes. Boston, 1874-83.
Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de,
Memoirs of the Prince de Talleyrand. Due de Broglie,
editor. 5 vols. N. Y., 1891-92.
Life of Prince Talleyrand. C. M. C. de Villemarest. 4 vols.
London, 1844-56.
Taney, Roger B.,
Memoir of Roger B. Taney. S.Tyler. Baltimore, 1872.
Taylor, General Zachary,
Life and Public Services of General Taylor. By an officer.
N. Y., 1846.
A Life of General Zachary Taylor. J. R. Fry and R. T.
Conrad. Phil , 1848.
Life of Major-General Zachary Taylor. H. Montgomery.
Auburn, N. Y., 1851.
General Taylor. O. O. Howard. N. Y., 1892.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times of Zachary
Taylor. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887.

420 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thomas, George H.,
The Life of Major-General George H. Thomas. T. B. Van
Home. N. Y., 1882.
General Thomas. H. Coppeie. N. Y., 1893.
Ticknor, George,
Life, Letters, and Journals. 2 vols. Boston, 1876.
Tilden, Samuel J.,
Samuel J. Tilden. His Writings and Speeches. J. Bigelow,
2 vols. N. Y., 1885.
Life of Samuel J. Tilden. J. Bigelow. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895.
Tompkins, D. D.,
see National Portrait Gallery. J. B. Longacre and J. Her
ring. Vol. I, Phil., 1834-39.
Toombs, Robert,
Robert Toombs ; Statesman, Speaker, Soldier, Sage. P. A.
Stovall. N. Y., 1892.
Townshend, Charles,
Charles Townshend, Wit and Statesman. P. Fitzgerald.
London, 1866.
Troup, George M.,
The Life of George M. Troup. E. J. Harden. Savannah,
1859.
Tyler, John,
Letters and Times of the Tylers. L. G. Tyler. 2 vols.
Richmond, 1884.
History of the Life, A dministration, and Times of John Tyler.
J. T. Irelan. Chicago, 1888.
Vallandigham, Clement L.,
Life of Clement L. Vallandigham. J. L. Vallandigham.
Baltimore, 1872.
Record of Clement L. Vallandigham on Abolition, the Union,
and Civil Power. Columbus, 1863.
Van Buren, Martin,
Life and Political Opinions of Martin Van Buren. W. M.
Holland. Hartford, 1835.
Martin Van Buren, President of the United States. D.
Crockett. Phil., 1837.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 421
Biography of Martin Van Buren. W. Emmons. Wash.,
1835.
Life and Times of Martin Van Buren. W. L. Mackenzie.
Boston, 1846.
History of the Life, Administration, and Times of Martin Van
Buren. J. R. Irelan. Chicago, 1887.
Martin Van Buren to the End qf his Public Career. G. Ban
croft. N. Y., 1889.
Van Schaack, Peter,
The Life qf Peter Van Schaack. By his son, H. C. Van
Schaack. N. Y., 1842.
Voltaire, P. M. Arouet de,
Voltaire. Ednie" Champion. Paris, 1893.
Voltaire et la Societe francaise au xviii" Siecle. G. Desnoir-
terres. 8 vols. Paris, 1867-1876.
Voltaire. J. Morley. London, 1872.
Life of Voltaire. J. Parton. 2 vols. Boston, 1881.
Wade, Benjamin F.,
Life of Benjamin F. Wade. A. G. Riddle. Cleveland,
1886.
¦Wadsworth, James,
Memoir of James Wadsworth. L. F. Allen. Buffalo, 1864.
Ward, Samuel,
Life of Samuel Ward. W. Gammell. Boston, 1846.
Warren, Joseph,
Life and Times of Joseph Warren. R. Frothingham. Bos
ton, 1865.
Life of Joseph Warren. A. H. Everett, in Library of Ameri
can Biography. Boston, 1839.
Washington, George,
Life of George Washington. J. Marshall. 5 vols. Phil.,
1804-07.
The Life qf George Washington. J. Sparks. Boston, 1839.
Life of George Washington. Washington Irving. 5 vols.
N. Y., 1855-59.
Writings of George Washington. Edited by J. Sparks. 12
vols. Boston, 1837.

422 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Writings qf George Washington. Edited by W. C. Ford.
14 vols. N. Y., 1889.
The True George Washington. P. L. Ford. Phil., 1900.
Wayne, Anthony,
Major-General Anthony Wayne and the Pennsylvania Line in
the Continental Army. C. J. Stille". Phil., 1893.
Life of Anthony Wayne. J. Armstrong, in Library of
American Biography. Vol. 4. Boston, 1839.
Webster, Daniel,
Life of Daniel Webster. G.T.Curtis. 2 vols. N. Y., 1870.
Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Daniel Webster. P. Harvey.
Boston, 1877.
Recollections of Daniel Webster. V. W. Kingsley. N. Y.,
1C71.
Life, Speeches, and Memorials of Daniel Webster. S. M.
Schmucker. Phil., 1867.
Works of Daniel Webster. 6 vols. Boston, 1851.
Private Correspondence. Edited by F. Webster. 2 vols.
Boston, 1857.
Weed, Thurlow,
Memoir of Thurlow Weed. T. W. Barnes. Boston, 1884.
Autobiography of Thurlow Weed. Edited by H. A. Weed.
Boston, 1884.
Wellington, Duke of,
Life of Field Marshal his Grace the Duke of Wellington.
W. H. Maxwell. 3 vols. London, 1839-41.
Life of Field-Marshal Arthur, Duke of Wellington. C. D.
Yonge. 2 vols. London, 1860.
Despatches, Correspondence, and Memoranda. Edited by his
son. 2 series. 23 volumes. London, 1858-80.
Whittier, John Greenleaf,
John Greenleaf Whittier, the Poet of Freedom. W. S. Ken
nedy. N. Y., 1882.
Life and Letters of J. G. Whittier. S. T. Pickard. Boston,
1894.
Wilkinson, James,
Memoirs of my Own Times. 3 vols. Phil., 1816.

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS 423
"Wilson, Henry,
Life of Henry Wilson. J.B.Mann. Boston, 1872.
Life and Public Services of Henry Wilson. E. Nason and
T. Russell. Boston, 1876.
Wilson, James,
Works of James Wilson. 3 vols. Phil., 1804.
Winthrop, Robert C,
Addresses and Speeches on Various Occasions. 4 vols. Bos
ton, 1852-1886.
A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop. R. C. Winthrop, Jr.
Boston, 1897.
Wirt, Wilham,
Memoirs of William Wirt. , J. P. Kennedy. 2 vols. Phil.,
1849.
Wise, Henry A.,
Seven Decades ofthe Union. Phil., 1876.
see Presidential Candidates. D. W. Bartlett. N. Y., 1859.
— Our Living Representative Men. J. Savage. Phil., 1860.
Wood, Fernando,
A Model Mayor. Early Life, Congressional Career and
Triumphant Municipal Administration of Hon. Fernando
Wood. N. Y., 1855.
Woodbury, Levi,
Writings of Levi Woodbury, Political, Judicial, and Literary.
3 vols. Boston, 1852.
Wolcott, Oliver,
Memoirs of the Administrations of Washington and John
Adams, edited from the papers of Oliver Wolcott. G. Gibbs.
2 vols. N. Y., 1846.
see Lives of Signers of Declaration of Independence, on page
386.
Wright, Silas,
Life of Silas Wright. J. S. Jenkins. Auburn, N. Y., 1847.
Life and Times of Silas Wright. J. D. Hammond. Syra
cuse, 1848.
Wythe, George,
see Lives of Signers qf Declaration qf Independence, on page
386.

424 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Yancey, William L.,
The Life and Times of William Lowndes Yancey. J. W.
Du Bose. Birmingham, Ala., 1892.
The Cradle of the Confederacy : or The Times of Troup,
¦% Quitman, and Yancey. J. Hodgson. Mobile, 1876.
TOPICAL REFERENCES
GENERAL REFERENCE BOOKS
The reader who wishes to study more fully any subject
mentioned in the topical index will find full bibliographical
references in the list of bibliographies on page 381. The
authoritative work in this field is Winsor's Narrative and
Critical History of America, of which the volumes V.-VIII.
cover the ground of the Statesmen Series.
For full consideration of many subjects the general his
tories mentioned on page 382 are amply sufficient, and they
are worth consulting on almost all points, since they aim to
place matters in their true perspective.
For historical treatment of special points in American His
tory the reader is referred to the following works: —
The Cyclopedia of Political Science, Political Economy, and
of the Political History of the United States. J. J. Lalor, Ed
itor. 3 vols. Chicago, 1881-84.
Harper's Popular Cyclopaedia of United States History. B. J.
Lossing. 2 vols. N. Y., 1881.
History for Ready Reference. 3. N. Lamed. 5 vols.
Springfield, 1894-95.
The American Cyclopedia. G. Ripley and C. A. Dana,
Editors. 16 vols. N. Y., 1873-76.
The Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ninth edition. 25 vols.
London, 1875-1888.
The American Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-1899. 40 vols.
N. Y., 1862-1900.
The Annual Register. London, 1758-1899.
Especially valuable in this field is —
Poole's Index to Periodical Literature. W. F. Poole and

TOPICAL REFERENCES 425
W. I. Fletcher. Revised edition. 2 parts. Boston, 1893.
Continuations in 3 vols. Boston, 1888-1897.
Annual Literary Index. W. I. Fletcher aud R. R. Bowker.
N. Y., 1897-1900. COLLECTIONS OF SOURCES
Certain general compilations of documents and other offi
cial and unofficial sources for American History are given
below. Special compilations will be referred to later in
connection with the special topical references.
Old South Leaflets. Edwin D. Mead, Editor. 100 nos.
Boston, 1883-1899.
American History Leaflets. A. B. Hart and Edward Chan
ning, Editors. 30 nos. N. Y., 1892-99.
Documents Illustrative of American History, 1606-1863.
H. W. Preston. N. Y., 1886.
Select Charters and other Documents, 1606-1775. W. Mac-
donald. N. Y., 1899.
Select Documents Illustrative of United States History, 1776—
1861. W. Macdonald. N. T., 1898.
American History told by Contemporaries, 1606-1783. A. B.
Hart. 2 vols. N. Y., 1897-98.
Principles .and A cts of the Revolution. H. Niles. N. Y.,
1876. The Birth of the Republic. D. R. Goodloe. N. Y., 1889.
Documents qf the Constitution of England and America.
F. Bowen. Cambridge, 1854.
American Archives, a Documentary History of the North
American Colonies. P. Force, Compiler. Fourth and Fifth
Series, 1774-1783. 9 vols. Wash., 1837-53.
The Statesman's Manual. E. Williams. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1847-49. Messages and. Papers ofthe Presidents. J. R. Richardson.
10 vols. Wash., 1896-99.
American Politics (non-partisan). T. V. Cooper and H. T.
Fenton. Phil., 1882.

426 BIBLIOGRAPHY
PERSONAL REMINISCENCES
Reminiscences form another group of works to which
readers may be referred for information concerning men and
events. Although not always reliable as sources for facts,
they are often very useful to record the personal element
in past politics. Works of this class, written by persons
referred to in the Statesmen Series, have been given under
the name of their authors in the Biographical division. Some
of the other more important ones are noted below: —
Washington in War Time. N. Brooks. N. Y., 1895.
Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln. F. B.
Carpenter. N. Y., 1866.
Personal Reminiscences, 1840-1890. L. E. Chittenden.
N. Y., 1893.
Recollections of Mississippi and the Mississippians. R. Davis.
Boston, 1891.
Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. Written by himself.
Hartford, 1881.
Anecdotes of Public Men. J.W.Forney. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1873-81. Great Senators ofthe United, States. O. Dyer. N. Y., 1889.
Recollections of a Lifetime. S.C.Goodrich. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1856. Fifty Years' Observation of Men and Events, Civil and
Military. E. D. Keyes. N. Y., 1885.
Slavery, and Four Years of War. J. W. Keifer. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1900.
Men and Measures of Half a Century. H. McCulloch.
N. Y., 1888.
Perley's Reminiscences of Sixty Years in the National
Metropolis. B. P. Poore. 2 vols. Phil., 1886.
Figures ofthe Past. 3. Quincy. Boston, 1883.
Recollections of War Times. A. G. Riddle. N. Y., 1895.
Random Recollections. H. B. Stanton. N. Y., 1886.
Recollections of Sixteen Presidents. R. W. Thompson.
Ind., 1894.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 427
Autobiography, Reminiscences, and Letters, 1756-181^1. J.
Trumbull. N. Y., 1841. SPECIAL REFERENCES
The following list of special references is arranged to cor
respond with the topical index on pages 177-380 : —
Abolitionists, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. I. Bos
ton, 1872.
W. Goodell. Slavery and Anti-Slavery. N. Y., 1852.
J. F. Clarke. Anti-Slavery Days. N. Y., 1884.
S. J. May. Recollections of Our Anti-Slavery Conflict.
Boston, 1869.
P. Pillsbury. Acts of the Anti-Slavery Apostles. Boston,
1884.
A. Willey. The Anti-Slavery Cause in State and Nation.
Portland, 1886.
T. R. R. Cobb. Historical Sketch of Slavery. Phil., 1858.
A. T. Bledsoe. An Essay on Slavery and Liberty. Phil.,
1856.
Biographies and Works of W. L. Garrison, T. Parker, J. G.
Birney, G. Smith, W. Phillips, S. P. Chase, J. Q. Adams.
"The Liberator." W. L. Garrison, Editor. Boston, 1831-
1865.
Also in "The Emancipator." J. Leavitt, H. B. Stanton,
Editors. N. Y., 1836-42. Boston, 1842-49.
Alabama (State),
A. J. Pickett. History of Alabama. 2 vols. Charleston,
1851.
W. Brewer. Alabama, her History, Resources, War Record,
and Public Men. Montgomery, 1872.
Alabama (privateer),
see references under (Captain Raphael) Semmes and Diplo
matic History.
Alaska, H. H. Bancroft. Alaska, 1730-1885. San Francisco, 1886.
see Diplomatic History.

428 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Albany Congress, 1754,
Biographies and Works of Franklin.
R. Frothingham. Rise of the Republic. Boston, 1872.
Proceedings in E. D. O'Callaghan. The Documentary His
tory qf the State of New York. 4 vols. Albany, 1849-51.
Albany Regency,
J. D. Hammond. History of Political Parties in the State qf
New York. 2 vols. Cooperstown, 1846.
J. S. Jenkins. History of Political Parties in the State qf
New York. Auburn, 1846.
Biographies of W. H. Seward, M. Van Buren, T. Weed,
DeW. Clinton.
Alien and Sedition Acts,
Text of Acts in W. Macdonald, Select Documents. N. Y.,
1898.
Debates in Annals qf Congress. 5th Congress, 2d sess.,
1797-98; or
Benton's Abridgment. Vol. II. N. Y., 1857.
Discussions in —
J. Story, Commentaries on the Constitution. 4th edition.
Boston, 1873.
J. S. Landon. Constitutional History of the United States.
Boston, 1899; and other works referred to under Con
stitution.
see Biographies and Works of J. Adams, A. Hamilton, T.
Jefferson, J. Madison, A. Gallatin.
American Character,
J. Bryce. The American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1895.
J. B. McMaster. History of the People of ihe United States.
5 vols. N. Y., 1883-99.
J. F. Rhodes. History of the United States from the Com
promise of 1850. Vol.1. N. Y., 1895.
H. Adams. History qf the United States. Vol. I. and Vol.
IX. N. Y., 1889-91.
A. De Tocqueville. Democracy in America. 2 vols. Cam
bridge, 1864.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 429
M. Chevalier. Society, Manners and Politics in the United
States. Boston, 1839.
J. F. Cooper. Notions of the Americans. 2 vols. Phil.,
1832.
C. Dickens. American Notes. 2 vols. London, 1842.
H. Martineau. Society in London. 3 vols. London, 1837.
Mrs. F. M. Trollope. Domestic Manners of the Americans.
London, 1832.
see especially the large periodical literature on this subject
to be found through Poole's Index.
Annapolis Convention,
G. T. Curtis. History of the Constitution. Vol. I. N. Y.,
1854.
G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. Vol. I. N. Y.,
1882 — Vol. VI. of the last revision of History of
United States. N. Y., 1883-85.
J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston,
1888.
Biographies and Works of A. Hamilton, J. Madison.
Proceedings in —
J.Elliot. Debates on the Adoption qf the Federal Constitu
tion. Vol. I. Wash., 1827.
Anti-Masons, R. McK. Ormsby. The Whig Party. Boston, 1859.
J. D. Hammond. History of Political Parties in New York.
2 vols. Cooperstown, 1846.
M. Van Buren. Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of
Political Parties. N. Y., 1867.
E. Stanwood. History ofthe Presidency. Boston, 1898.
Biographies and Works of H. Clay, A. Jackson, W. H.
Seward, T. Stevens, M. Van Buren, T. Weed, W. Wirt.
" Niles' Register." Baltimore, 1826-33.
Arkansas, see references under General Works on page 425.
Austria, For diplomatic relations with, see —
American Slate Papers. Foreign Relations. 1789-1828.
6 vols. Washington.

430 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Executive Documents. House and Senate, 31st and 32d
Congress.
Biographies and Works of D. Webster.
see Diplomatic History.
Bank of United States,
A. S. Bolles. Financial History of the United States. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1879-86.
W. G. Sumner. History of American Currency. N. Y.,
1874.
R. Hildreth. Banks, Banking, and Paper Currencies. 3 pts.
Boston, 1840.
W. M. Gouge. Short History of Money and Banking. N. Y.,
1835.
W. L. Royall. Andrew Jackson and the Bank of the United
States. N. Y., 1880.
W. St. C. Clark and D. A. Hall. Legislative and Docu
mentary History of the Bank of the United States. Wash.,
1832.
Biographies and Works of A. Hamilton, T. Jefferson, J.
Madison, A. Gallatin, A. Jackson, R. B. Taney, H. Clay,
J. Tyler, T. H. Benton.
Debates in Annals of Congress. 1st Congress, 3d sess., 1790-
91; 11th Congress, 3d sess., 1810-11; 13th Congress,
3d sess., 1814-15; 14th Congress, 1st sess., 1815-16.
Congressional Debates. 21st Cong., 1829-31; 22d Cong.,
1831-33.
Congressional Globe. 27th Cong., 1st sess., 1841.
Bankruptcy Law,
see Biographies of H. Clay, T. H. Benton.
Congressional Globe. 27th Cong., 1841-43.
Barbary States,
for diplomatic relations with, see American State Papers.
Foreign Relations. 6 vols. 1789-1828.
J. F. Cooper. History of the Navy of the United States.
N. Y., 1840. And other naval references under Military
History.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 431
Barnburners, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. II.
Boston, 1874.
Biographies of H. Clay, L. Cass, M. Van Buren, S. Wright.
"New York Tribune." H. Greeley, Editor. N. Y., 1846-
1849.
"New York Evening Post." W. C. Bryant, Editor. 1846-
1848.
O. C. Gardiner. The Great Issue. N. Y., 1848.
Black Laws,
W. Goodell. American Slave Code. N. Y., 1853.
R. Hildreth. Despotism in America. Boston, 1840.
T. R. R. Cobb. Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery.
Phil., 1858.
J. C. Hurd. The Law of Freedom and Bondage. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1858-62.
Border States,
see references under Lincoln, Abraham; histories of Vir
ginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri.
Boston, J. Winsor, Editor. Memorial History of Boston. 4 vols.
Boston, 1880-81.
H.C.Lodge. Boston. N.Y., 1891.
A. Gilman. The Story of Boston. N. Y., 1889.
S. G. Drake. The History and Antiquities of Boston. Bos
ton, 1856.
Boston Massacre,
F. Kidder. The History of the Boston Massacre. Albany,
1870.
P. W. Chandler. American Criminal Trials. 2 vols. Bos
ton, 1841-44.
Biographies of J. Warren, J. Adams, S. Adams, T. Hutchin
son.
Cabinet, F. Snow. Cabinet Government in the United States. Phil.,
1897.

432 BIBLIOGRAPHY
California, H. H. Bancroft. History of California. 7 vols. San
Francisco, 1884-1900.
T. H. Hittell. History of California. 4 vols. San Fran
cisco, 1885-97.
J. Royce. California. (American Commonwealth Series.)
Boston, 1886.
Canada, W. Kingsford. The History of Canada. 10 vols. London,
1887-98.
G. Bryce. Short History qf the Canadian People. London,
1887.
J. G. Bourinot. The Story of Canada. N. Y., 1896.
G. Smith. Canada and the Canadian Question. N. Y., 1891.
J.C.Dent. Canada since the Union of 1841. Toronto, 1881.
J. M. McMullen. The History of Canada. 2 vols. Brock-
ville, 1892.
C. G. D. Roberts. A History of Canada. Boston, 1897.
China, for diplomatic relations with, see references under Diplo
matic History.
Executive Documents, 28th Congress, 1843-45.
Biographies of D. Webster, C. dishing.
S. W. Williams. The Middle Kingdom. 2 vols. London,
1849.
Civil Service,
B. A. Hinsdale. The American Government. 2d edition.
Chicago, 1895.
J. Fiske. Civil Government in the United States. Boston,
1892.
J. M. Comstock. Civil Service in the United States. N. Y.,
1885.
L. M. Salmon. The Appointing Power qf the President.
N. Y., 1886.
J. Bryce. American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895.
D. B. Eaton. The Spoils System and Civil Service Reform.
N. Y., 1881.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 433
L. G. Tyler. Parties and Patronage in the United States.
N. Y., 1891.
Biographies of A. Jackson, A. Kendall, M. Van Buren.
Coinage, A. S. Bolles. Financial History of the United States. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1879-86.
W. G. Sumner. History of American Currency. N. Y.,
1874.
D.K.Watson. History of American Coinage. N. Y., 1899.
J. L. Laughlin. History of Bimetallism in the United States.
4th ed. N. Y., 1897.
G. L. Evans. Illustrated History of the United States Mint.
Phil., 1890.
Report of the Monetary Commission qf the Indianapolis Con
vention of Boards of Trade, etc. Chicago, 1898.
Colonization, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. I.
. Boston, 1872.
American Colonization Society. Memorial of the Semi-Cen-
tennial Anniversary ofthe Society. Washington, 1867.
see Biographies of W. L. Garrison, H. Clay, A. Lincoln.
Compromise of 1850,
T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' View. N. Y., 1854-56.
Biographies of H. Clay, S. P. Chase, J. C. Calhoun, L. Cass,
T. H. Benton, W. H. Seward, D. Webster.
Congressional Globe. 31st Congress, 1st session, 1849-50.
Confederation, Articles of,
J. Story. Commentary on the Constitution. 4th edition.
Boston, 1874.
G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. Vol. I. N. Y.,
1882. — History of the United States. Vol. VI. N. Y.,
1883-85.
J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston, 1888.
J. B. McMaster. History of the People of the United States.
Vol. I. N. Y., 1883.
Biographies of G. Washington, J. Madison, A. Hamilton, R.
Morris.

434 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Congress, iu general see —
J. Bryce. American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895.
B. A. Hinsdale. American Government. Chicago, 1895.
W. Wilson. Congressional Government. Boston, 1888.
M. P. Follett. The Speaker. N. Y., 1896.
Stamp Act Congress, 1765,
H. Niles. Principles and Acts of the American Revolution.
N. Y., 1876.
Biographies of James Otis.
Continental Congress, and Congress ofthe Confederation, 1774-1788,
Journals of Congress, 1774-1788. 13 vols. N. Y., 1800-01.
Secret Journals of the Acts and Proceedings of Congress.
4 vols. Boston, 1821.
J. W. Moore. The American Congress. N. Y., 1895.
Biographies and Works of J. Adams, S. Adams, J. Dick
inson, B. Franklin, R. H. Lee, A. Hamilton, P. Henry,
T. Jefferson, J. Jay, G. Morris, J. Madison, G. Wash
ington.
Congress of the United States, 1789-1874,
Annals of Congress, 1789-1824. 42 vols. Wash., 1834-56.
Congressional Debates, 1825-1837. 29 vols. Wash., 1825-
1837.
The Congressional Globe, 1833-1873. 108 vols. Wash.,
1834-73.
Congressional Record, 1873- . Wash., 1873-
T. H. Benton. Abridgment of the Debates of Congress,
1789-1856. 16 vols. N. Y., 1857-60.
J. W. Moore. The American Congress. N. Y., 1895.
H. G. Wheeler. History of Congress. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1848.
A. W. Young. The American Statesman. N. Y., 1855.
Journal of W. Maclay, 1789-91. E. S. Maclay, editor.
N. Y., 1890.
T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' View, 1820-1850. N. Y.,
1854.
J. Sherman. Recollections of Forty Years. N. Y., 1895.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 435
S. S. Cox. Three Decades of Federal Legislation, 1855-
1885. Providence, 1885.
J. G. Blaine. Twenty Years of Congress, 1860-1880.
2 vols. Norwich, 1884-86.
W. H. Barnes. History of the Thirty-Ninth Congress.
Indianapolis, 1867.
Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-74-
Biographies and Works of statesmen in the biographical
division ; especially Memoir of J. Q. Adams.
Connecticut, T. Dwight. The History of Connecticut. N. Y., 1841.
G. H. Hollister. The History of Connecticut. 2 vols.
Hartford, 1857.
A. Johnston. Connecticut. (American Commonwealth
Series.) Boston, 1887.
E. B. Sanford. A History qf Connecticut. Hartford,
1888.
B. Trumbull. A Complete History of Connecticut. 2 vols.
New Haven, 1818.
Constitution, Histories, J. Elliot. Debates on the Adoption qf the Federal Consti
tution. 5 vols. Wash., 1827-45.
G. T. Curtis. History of the United States Constitution.
2 vols. N. Y., 1854-56.
G. Bancroft. History of the Constitution. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1882. — History qf the United States. Vol. VI. 1885.
J. Fiske. Critical Period of American History. Boston,
1888.
O. G. Libby. Geographical Distribution qf the Vote of the
Thirteen States. Madison, 1894.
S. B. Harding. The Contest over the Ratification of the
Federal Constitution in Massachusetts. N. Y., 1896.
N. C. Towle. A History and Analysis qf the Constitution.
Boston, 1860.
G. T. Curtis. Constitutional History of the United Stales.
2 vols. N. Y., 1889, 1896.

436 BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United
States. 5 vols. Chicago, 1876-1892.
J. S. Landon. Constitutional History ofthe United States.
Boston, 1899.
J. Davis. Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government.
2 vols. N. Y., 1881.
Commentaries, J. Story. Commentaries on the Constitution. 4th Edition,
Boston, 1876; 5th Edition, Boston, 1891.
J. C. Hurd. Theory of our National Existence. Boston,
1881.
J. R. Tucker. The Constitution of the United States. 2
vols. Chicago, 1899.
J. I. C. Hare. American Constitutional Law. 2 vols.
Boston, 1889.
T. M. Cooley. Constitutional Limitations. 6th Edition.
Boston, 1892.
E. Bontmy. Studies in Constitutional Law. A. V. Dicey,
translator. London, 1891.
C. G. Tiedeman. The Unwritten Constitution ofthe United
States. N. Y., 1890.
H. Gray, and J. Lowell. A Legal Review of the Case of
Dred Scott. Boston, 1857.
T. H. Benton. An Historical and Legal Examination qf
the Dred Scott Decision. N. Y., 1857.
E. G. Scott. Reconstruction during the Civil War. Boston,
1895.
A. H. Stephens. The War between the States. 2 vols.
Phil., 1868-70.
P. C. Centz [B. J. Sage]. The Republic of Republics.
Boston, 1881.
J. H. Thayer. Cases on Constitutional Law. 2 vols.
Cambridge, 1894-95.
see references under Judiciary.
Conway Cabal,
Biographies of G. Washington, P. Henry.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 437
Cuba,
J. M. Callahan. Cuba and International Relations. Balti
more, 1899.
Cumberland Road,
see references under Internal Improvements.
Dartmouth College,
B. P. Smith. The History of Dartmouth College. Boston,
1878.
F. Chase. A History of Dartmouth College. 2 vols. Cam
bridge, 1891.
Declaration of Independence,
R. Frothingham. Rise ofthe Republic. Boston, 1872.
G. W. Greene. Historical View qf the Revolution. Boston,
1865.
The Declaration qf Independence. Boston, 1876.
Biographies of J. Adams, J. Dickinson, B. Franklin, T.
Jefferson.
Delaware, J. T. Scharf. History of Delaware, 1609-1888. 2 vols.
Phil., 1888.
F. Vincent. A History of the State of Delaware. Phil.,
1870.
.Democratic Party, 1825-1874,
see references under Republican Party, 1789-1824-
3. H. Patton. The Democratic Party, its Political History
and Influence. N. Y., 1896.
E. Stanwood. A History of the Presidency. Boston,
1898.
M. Van Buren. An Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of
Political Parties. N. Y., 1867.
J. D. Hammond. History of Political Parties in New York.
Cooperstown, 1846.
C. H. Peck. The Jacksonian Epoch. N. Y., 1899.
Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-74.
E. McPherson. Political History of the United States

438 BIBLIOGRAPHY
during the Great Rebellion. Wash., 1865. — Political His
tory of the United States during Reconstruction. Wash.,
1875. — A Handbook qf Politics. Washington, 1868, 1872,
1874.
" Niles' Register." Baltimore, 1824-1849.
"The Globe." F. P. Blair, Editor. Wash., 1830-1845.
Biographies of A. Jackson, M. Van Buren, T. H. Benton,
and leading Democratic politicians.
Diplomatic History,
Treaties and conventions concluded between the United States
and other powers since July 4th, 1776. Wash., 1889.
T. B. Waite. State Papers and Public Documents of the
United States, 1789-1818. 12 vols. Boston.
American State Papers. Foreign Relations, 1789-1828.
6 vols. Wash.
Executive Documents, House and Senate, 1829-1874. Con
sult Indexes.
F. Snow. Treaties and Topics in American Diplomacy.
Boston, 1894.
J. Sparks. The Diplomatic Correspondence of the American
Revolution. 12 vols. Boston, 1829-30.
F. Wharton. The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspond
ence. 6 vols. Wash., 1889.
J. Durand. Documents on the American Revolution. N. Y.,.
1889.
F. Wharton. Digest ofthe International Law of the United
States. 3 vols. Wash., 1887.
J. C. B. Davis. Notes upon the Treaties of the United
States. Wash., 1873.
E. Williams. The Statesman's Manual. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1847-49.
W. H. Trescot. Diplomatic History of the Administrations
of Washington and Adams. Boston, 1857.
T. Lyman. Diplomacy of the United Slates. 2 vols.
Boston, 1828.
E. Schuyler. American Diplomacy and the Furtherance qf
Commerce. N. Y., 1886.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 439
T. S. Woolsey. American Foreign Policy. N. Y., 1898.
G. F. Tucker. The Monroe Doctrine. Boston, 1885.
W. F. Reddaway. The Monroe Doctrine. Cambridge,
Eng., 1898.
Papers Relating to the Treaty of Washington. 6 vols.
Wash., 1872-74.
J. B. Moore. History and Digest of the International
Arbitrations to which the United States has been a Party.
6 vols. Wash., 1898.
District of Columbia,
see references under Abolitionists, Gag Rule, Compromise
of 1850.
Disunion, C. W. Loring. Nullification, Secession. Boston, 1893.
E. P. Powell. Nullification and Secession. N. Y., 1897.
H. Adams. Documents Relating to New England Federalism.
Boston, 1877.
Arguments for,
J. Davis. Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government.
2 vols. N. Y., 1881.
A. H. Stephens. The War between the States. 2 vols.
1868-70.
E. A. Pollard. The Lost Cause. N. Y., 1867.
Arguments against,
J. C. Hurd. Theory of Our National Existence. Boston,
1881.
J. N. Pomeroy. An Introduction to the Constitutional Law
of the United States. Boston, 1888.
J. I. C. Hare. American Constitutional Law. Boston,
1889.
Cases on,
Texas vs. White. 7 Wallace's Reports, in J. B. Thayer,
Cases on Constitutional Law. Vol. I. Cambridge, 1894.
Biographies and Works of T. Pickering, J. Quincy, J. C.
Calhoun, W. L. Yancey, H. Cobb, J. Buchanan, A. Lin
coln, T. Stevens.
Debates in Congressional Globe. 36th Congress, 2d sess.,
1860-61.

440 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Elections, C. F. Bishop. History of Elections in the American Colonies.
N. Y., 1893.
C. O'Neill. The American Electoral System. N. Y., 1887.
F. W. Dallinger. Nominations for Elective Office. N. Y.,
1897.
W. R. Houghton. History of American Politics, 1607-1882.
Indianapolis, 1882.
E. Stanwood. History of the Presidency. Boston, 1898.
A. K. McClure. Our Presidents. How we make them.
N. Y., 1900.
W. C. Ford. The American Citizen's Manual. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1882-83.
"Noes' Register." Baltimore, 1811-1849.
The Whig and Tribune Almanacs. N. Y., 1843-1875.
The Annual Cyclopedia. N. Y., 1861-1874.
McPherson' s Handbooks of Politics. Wash., 1868-1876.
see references under Anti-Masons, Democratic Party, Fed
eralist Party, Free Soil Party, Know-Nothing Party, Liberty
Party, Republican Party, Whig Parly.
Embargo, H. Adams. History ofthe United States. Vols. IV. and V.
N. Y., 1889-91.
J. B. McMaster. History of the People of the United States.
Vol. III. 1892.
H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United
States. Vol. I. Chicago, 1876.
J. Story. Commentaries on the Constitution. Boston, 1876.
W. Macdonald. Select Documents illustrative of United States
History. N. Y., 1898.
Annals of Congress. Vols. 18, 19. 10th Congress, 1807-
1809.
see biographies of A. GaJJatin, T. Jefferson, J. Quincy, J. Q.
Adams, T. Pickering.
England, W. E. H. Lecky. A History of England in the Eighteenth
Century (1700-1793). 8 vols. London, 1878-90.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 441
Lord Mahon. History of England (1713-1783). 7 vols.
Boston, 1853-54.
W. M. Massey. A History of England during the Reign of
George the Third (1745-1802). 4 vols. London, 1855-63.
J. McCarthy. The Story of the People of England in the
Nineteenth Century. 2 vols. N. Y., 1899.
S. H. Walpole. A History of England from the Conclusion
of the Great War. 5 vols. London, 1878-86.
J. McCarthy. History of Our Own Times. 4 vols. London,
1880.
Erie Canal,
see references under New York.
Biographies of DeWitt Clinton.
Expansion of United States,
F. J. Turner. Significance of the Frontier in American
History. Madison, 1894.
W. B. Scaife. America, its Geographical History. Balti
more, 1872.
H. Gannett. Boundaries of the United States. Wash., 1885.
J. Winsor. The Mississippi Valley, Boston, 1895. — The
Westward Movement. Boston, 1897.
T. Roosevelt. Winning of the West. 3 vols. N. Y.,
1889-94.
S. A. Drake. The Making ofthe Great West. N. Y., 1887.
see references under West, Northwest, Louisiana, Florida,
Texas, Oregon, California, Mexico, Cuba.
" Federalist,"
published in many editions, the most comprehensive by
P. L. Ford. N. Y., 1898.
Federalist Party,
see references under Elections.
T. V. Cooper, and H. T. Fenton. American Politics. Phil.,
1882.
A. Holmes. Parties and their Principles. N. Y., 1859.
M. Van Buren. An Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of
Political Parties. N. Y., 1867.

442 BIBLIOGRAPHY
W. R. Houghton. History of American Politics. 1607-
1882. Indianapolis, 1883.
R. M. Ormsby. The Whig Party. Boston, 1859.
H. J. Ford. The Rise and Growth of American Politics.
N. Y., 1898.
J. B. McMaster. History qf the People of ihe United States.
Vols. I., IL, III. N. Y., 1883-92.
H. Adams. History of the United States. 9 vols. N. Y.,
1889-91.
Biographies of G. Washington, J. Adams, A. Hamilton, T.
Pickering, F. Ames, J. Quincy, D. Webster, J. Q. Adams,
J. Jay, R. King.
Financial History,
see references under Coinage, Bank of United States, and
Tariff.
A. S. Bolles. Financial History of the United States. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1879-86.
J. L. Bishop. A History of American Manufactures. 1608-
1860. 2 vols. Phil., 1861-64.
W. G. Sumner. History of American Currency. N. Y.,
1874.
J. W. Kearny. Sketch of American Finances. N. Y., 1887.
H. White. Money and Banking, Olustrated by American
History. Boston, 1896.
H. C. Adams. Taxation in the United States. Baltimore,
1884.
H. C. Adams. Public Debts. N. Y., 1887.
F. Dunbar. Chapters on the Theory and History of Bank
ing. N. Y., 1897.
E. H. Roberts. Government Revenue. Boston, 1884.
W. B. Weeden. Economic and Social History of New Eng
land. 2 vols. Boston, 1890.
C. 3. Bullock. The Finances ofthe United States from 1775
to 1789, with especial reference to the Budget. Madison,
1895.
W. G. Sumner. Financier and Finances of the American
Revolution. 2 vols. N. Y., 1891.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 443
W. Gouge. Short History qf Paper Money. N. Y., 1835.
J. H. Kuox. United States Notes. N. Y., 1884.
E. G. Bourne. Surplus Revenue of 1837. N. Y., 1885.
W.A.Scott. Repudiation of State Debts. N. Y., 1893.
D. Kinley. The History ofthe Organization , and Influence
of the Independent Treasury. N. Y., 1893.
A. D. Noyes. Thirty Years of A merican Finance. (1865-
1896.) N. Y., 1898.
Report of the Monetary Commission ofthe Indianapolis Con
vention, etc. Chicago, 1898.
F. Dunbar. Laws of the United States relating to Currency,
Finance, and Banking. Boston, 1896.
American Slate Papers. Finances. 1789-1827. 5 vol?.
Wash.
see Reports of Treasury Department in Senate and House
Executive Documents, 1827-1874-
Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-74.
Fisheries, see under Diplomatic History, Treaty of Peace, 1783, and
Treaty of Ghent.
C. B. Elliott. The United States and the Northeastern Fish
eries. Minneapolis, 1888.
Florida, G. R. Fairbanks. History of Florida. Phil., 1871.
S. Lanier. Florida. Phil., 1875.
P. Gaffarel. Histoire de la Floride Francaise. Paris,
1875.
J. L. Williams. The Territory of Florida. N. Y., 1837.
see references under Military History, Diplomatic History,
Reconstruction.
France, H. Martin. The Age of Louis XIV. 2 vols. Boston, 1865.
— The Decline of the French Monarchy. 2 vols. Boston,
1866. — History of France from the First Revolution to the
Present Time. 3 vols. Boston, 1877-82.
F. P. Guizot. History of France from the Earliest Times
to the year 1848. 8 vols. London, 1872-81.

444 BIBLIOGRAPHY ,
J. B. Perkins. France under the Regency. Boston, 1892. —
France under Louis XV. 2 vols. Boston, 1897.
J. H. A. Doniol. Histoire de la Participation de la France
a I'Elablissement des Etats Unis d'Amerique. 5 vols.
Paris, 1886,-92.
C. K. Adams. Democracy and Monarchy in France. [1789-
1870.] N. Y., 1874.
A. E. C. Dareste de la Chavanne. Histoire de France jusqu'a
nos jours. [1870.] 9 vols. Paris, 1874-80.
Sir A. Alison. History of Europe from 1789 to 1815. 4 vols.
N. Y., 1848-50. — History of Europe, 1815-1852. 9 vols.
Edinburgh, 1852-59.
L. Rosenthal. America and France. The Influence of the
United States on France in the XVIIth Century. N. Y.,
1882.
L. A. Thiers. The History of the French Revolution. 5 vols.
London, 1859-60. — History ofthe Consulate and the Em
pire of France. 20 vols, in 11. London, 1845-62.
H. M. Stephens. A History ofthe French Revolution. 2 vols.
London, 1886-91.
H. Von Sybel. History of the French Revolution. 4 vols.
London, 1867-69.
C. D. Hazen. Contemporary American Opinion of the French
Revolution. Baltimore, 1897.
A. J. Lamartine. The History of the Restoration of Mon
archy in France. 4 vols. N. Y., 1851-53.
P. de La Gorce. Histoire du Second Empire. Paris,
1894.
J. Bigelow. France and the Confederate Navy. 1862-1868.
N. Y., 1888.
Biographies and Works of B. Franklin, J. Adams, J. Jay,
A. Gallatin, A. Jackson, L. Cass, A. Lincoln, W. H.
Seward, Napoleon L, Napoleon III.
see Diplomatic History, Military History, Mexico.
Free Soil Party,
H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of Slave Power. Vol. II. Bos-
, ton, 1874.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 445
T. C. Smith. The Liberty and Free Sod Parties in the
Northwest. N. Y., 1897.
O. C. Gardiner. The Great Issue. N. Y., 1848.
see references under Democratic Party, and Elections.
Biographies of C. F. Adams, L. Cass, S. P. Chase, W. H.
Seward, M. Van Buren, C. Sumner.
" National Era." G. Bailey, Editor. Washington, 1847-
1859.
Free Trade,
see Tariff.
Fugitive Slave Law,
M. G. McDougal. Fugitive Slaves. Boston, 1891.
H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of Slave Power. 3 vols. Boston,
1872-79.
H. Greeley. The American Conflict. 2 vols. Hartford,
1864-67.
J. C. Hurd. Law of Freedom and Bondage. N. Y., 1858-
1862.
W. H. Siebert. The Underground Railroad. N. Y.,
1898.
G. W. Williams. The Negro Race in America. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1883.
Biographies of S. P. Chase, C. Sumner.
see cases before Supreme Court —
Prigg vs. Pennsylvania, 16 Peters, 539;
Ableman vs. Booth, 21 Howard, 506;
Kentucky vs. Denison, 24 Howard, 66.
Gag Rule,
see Congressional Globe. 24th Congress to 28th Congress.
1835-1844.
J. Q. Adams. Memoirs. 12 vols. Phil., 1874-77.
Georgia, A. J. Pickett. History of Alabama, and incidentally of
Georgia. 2 vols. Charleston, 1851.
C. C. Jones. The History of Georgia. 2 vols. Boston,
1883.

446 BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. McCall. The History of Georgia. 2 vols. Savannah,
1811.
C. H. Haskins. The Yazoo Land Companies. N. Y., 1891.
see references under Indians, Reconstruction, and Nullifica
tion.
Biographies of J. Q. Adams, A. Jackson, W. H. Crawford,
J. Randolph, H. Cobb, A. H. Stephens.
Greece, G. Finlay. History qf Greece. Vol. VI. Oxford, 1877.
S. G. Howe. An Historical Sketch of the Greek Revolution.
N. Y., 1828.
Debates in Congress. 17th and 18th Congresses. 1822-
1825.
Biographies and Works of E. Everett, D. Webster, J. Q.
Adams.
Habeas Corpus,
W. Whiting. War Powers under the Constitution. Boston,
1864.
S. Tyler. Memoir of Roger B. Taney. Bait., 1872.
Biographies of A. Lincoln, C. L. Vallandigham, S. P.
Chase.
Cases before Supreme Court —
Ex Parte Milligan, 4 Wallace, 2;
Ex Parte Vallandigham, 1 Wallace, 243;
also in J. B. Thayer, Cases in Constitutional Law.
articles in Annual Cyclopedia, 1861-70.
Hartford Convention,
T. Dwight. Hartford Convention. N. Y., 1833.
Biographies of G. Cabot, T. Pickering, J. Quincy.
Harvard College,
J. Quincy. History of Harvard University. 2 vols. Cam
bridge, 1840.
Hayti, see San Domingo.
Holland, see references under Diplomatic History.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 447
J. Sparks. Diplomatic Correspondence of the American
Revolution. 12 vols. Boston, 1829-30.
F. Wharton. The Revolutionary Diplomatic Correspondence.
6 vols. Wash., 1889.
American State Papers. Foreign Affairs. 6 vols.
Biographies and Works of J. Adams and J. Q. Adams.
Holy Alliance,
see Monroe Doctrine.
Hungary, see Austria.
Hunkers, Biographies of L. Cass, J. K. Polk, M. Van Buren, D. S.
Dickinson, S. Wright.
" Niles' Register." 1844-49.
" New York Tribune." 1844-49.
Hutchinson Letters,
T. Hutchinson. History qf Massachusetts. Vol. III. Lon
don, 1828.
Histories of England in eighteenth century.
Biographies of T. Hutchinson, B. Franklin, S. Adams,
J. Hancock.
Illinois, A.T.Andreas. History of Chicago. 3 vols. Chicago, 1885.
S. Breese. Early History of Illinois. Chicago, 1884.
H.Brown. The History qf Illinois. N. Y., 1844.
A. Davidson and B. Stuve. A Complete History of Illinois.
Springfield, 1874.
T. Ford. History of Illinois. Chicago, 1854.
J. Moses. Illinois, Historical and Statistical. 2 vols.
Chicago, 1889-92.
Impeachment, E. G. Ross. History ofthe Impeachment of Andrew Johnson.
Sante Fe", 1896.
Trial of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States,
before the Senate. Published by order of the Senate.
3 vols. Wash., 1868.

448 v BIBLIOGRAPHY
C. Evans. Report of the Trial of Hon. S. Chase before the
Senate ofthe United States. Baltimore, 1805.
S. H. Smith and T. Lloyd. Trial of Samuel Chase, im
peached by the House of Representatives before the Senate
ofthe United States. 2 vols. Washington, 1805.
see commentaries on the Constitution, general and consti
tutional histories.
Biographies of T. Jefferson, J. Randolph, S. P. Chase, A.
Johnson, B. F. Butler.
Impressment, see references under Diplomatic History, especially —
T. Lyman. The Diplomacy of the United States. 2 vols.
Boston, 1828.
Independence, R. Frothingham. Rise of the Republic. Boston, 1872.
G. Bancroft. History of ihe United States. Vols. I. to IV.
Author's revision. N. Y., 1883-85.
G. W. Greene. Historical View ofthe American Revolution.
Boston, 1865.
Biographies of S. Adams, B. Franklin, J. Adams, T. Jeffer
son, J. Dickinson.
Indiana, C. R. Brown. The Government qf Indiana. Kalamazoo,
1875.
J. B. Dillon. A History of Indiana. Indianapolis, 1859.
J. P. Dunn. Indiana : a Redemption from Slavery. (Ameri
can Commonwealth Series.) Boston, 1888.
DeW. Goodrich and C. R. Tuttle. Illustrated History of
the Slate of Indiana. Indianapolis, 1874.
Indians, F. Parkman. France and England in North America. 9
vols. Boston, 1865-92.
J. Winsor. The Mississippi Basin, 1689-1763, and The
Westward Movement, 1763-1795. Boston, 1895-97.
T. Roosevelt. The Winning of the West. 3 vols. N. Y.,
1889-94.
S. G. Drake. Book ofthe Indians. Boston, 1841.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 449
C. R. Tuttle. Border Wars of Two Centuries. Chicago,
1874.
E. S. Ellis. Indian Wars, 1608-1890. Grand Rapids,
1892.
G. E. Ellis. Red Man and White Man in North America.
Boston, 1882.
H. Hunt. A Century of Dishonor. Boston, 1889.
American State Papers. Indian Affairs. 2 vols. 1789-
1827.
U. S. Executive Documents. 1827-74.
Treaties between ihe United States and the Indian Tribes,
1778-1837. Wash., 1837.
Biographies of G. Washington, B. Franklin, P. Henry,
A. Hamilton, A. Wayne, WT. H. Harrison, A. Jackson,
L. Cass, J. C. Calhoun.
Internal Improvements,
H. V. Poor. Sketch ofthe Rise and Progress ofthe Internal
Improvements. N. Y., 1881.
U. S. Executive Documents. Reports on Commerce and
Navigation.
see Annals qf Congress and Congressional Debates, 17th to
21st Congresses, 1821-31. Biographies of T. Jefferson,
H. Clay, T. H. Benton ; general histories, financial his
tories.
Iowa, W. J. J. Harsha. The Story of Iowa. Omaha, 1890.
Judiciary, see references under Constitution.
E. P. Wheeler. The Supreme Court as a Coordinate Branch
ofthe United States Government. N. Y., 1860.
W. W. Willoughby. The Supreme Court of the United
States. Baltimore, 1890.
H. L. Carson. The Supreme Court of the United States.
2 vols. Phil., 1892.
J. S. Landon. Constitutional History of the United States.
Boston, 1899.

450 BIBLIOGRAPHY
H. W. Rogers, Editor. Constitutional History ofthe United
States as seen in American Law. N. Y., 1889.
G. Van Santvoord. Sketches of the Lives of the Chief
Justices. N. Y., 1854.
H. Flanders. Lives of ihe Chief Justices. 12 vols. Phil.,
1858.
Biographies and Works of J. Jay, J. Marshall, J. Story, J.
Iredell, R. B. Taney, S. P. Chase, D. Webster, W. Wirt,
W. Pinkney.
J. B. Thayer. Cases on Constitutional Law. 2 vols,
Cambridge, 1894-95.
C. E. Boyd. Cases on American Constitutional Law.
Chicago, 1898.
A. J. Dallas. Reports' of Cases in the Courts ofthe United
States. 4 vols. Phil., 1789-1801.
W. Cranch. Reports of Cases ... in the Supreme Court.
... 9 vols. Wash., 1801-15.
H. Wheaton. Reports, etc. 12 vols. N. Y., 1816-27.
R. Peters, Jr. Reports, etc. 17 vols. Phil., 1828-43.
B. C. Howard. Reports qf Cases, etc. 24 vols. Phil.,
1843-60.
J. S. Black. Reports of Cases, etc. 2 vols. Wash., 1862-63.
J. W. Wallace. Cases Argued, etc. (1863-74). 13 vols.
Wash., 1876-83.
J. C. B. Davis. United States Reports. Wash., 1884-
R. Peters. Condensed Reports. 6 vols. 1791-1827.
Phil., 1828-43.
B. R. Curtis. Condensed Reports. 23 vols. 1790-1854.
S. F. Miller. Condensed Reports. 4 vols. 1855-63.
Kansas, F. W. Giles. Thirty Years in Topeka. Topeka, 1886.
J. N. Halloway. History of Kansas. Lafayette, Ind..
1868.
L. W. Spring. Kansas. (American Commonwealth
Series.) Boston, 1885.
D. W. Wilder. The Annals of Kansas. Topeka, 1875.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 451
Kansas-Nebraska Act,
significant parts of Act in —
W. Macdonald. Select Documents Illustrative of United
States History. N. Y., 1898.
Debates in Congressional Globe. Vol. 28. 33d Congress,
1st session, 1853-54.
Kentucky, W. B. Allen. History of Kentucky. Louisville, 1872.
B. Casseday. The History of Louisville. Louisville, 1852.
L. Collins. History of Kentucky. 2 vols. Covington,
Ky., 1878.
E. M. Connelly. The Story of Kentucky. Boston, 1891.
N. S. Shaler. Kentucky, A Pioneer Commonwealth. (Ameri
can Commonwealth Series.) Boston, 1885.
E. D. Warfield. The Kentucky Resolutions of 1798. N. Y.,
1887.
Kings' College,
N. F. Moore. An Historical Sketch of Columbia College.
N. Y., 1846.
J. Van Amringe. An Historical Sketch of Columbia College,
1764-1876. N. Y., 1876.
Know-Nothing Party,
J. F. Rhodes. History of the United Slates. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1893-99.
E. Stanwood. History of the Presidency. Boston, 1898.
R. M. Ormsby. The Whig Party. Boston, 1859.
" New York Tribune." H. Greeley, Editor. 1854-57.
Lands, Public,
T. Donaldson. The Public Domain. Wash., 1884.
S. Sato. The Land Question. Bait., 1886.
American Slate Papers, Public Lands. 8 vols. 1789-1837.
Laws ofthe United States exhibiting the Entire Legislation of
Congress upon which the Public Land Titles in each State
have depended. 2 vols. Wash., 1884.
Biographies of H. Clay, T. H. Benton, A. Jackson.
see references under Financial History.

452 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Legal Profession,
see biographies of P. Henry, T. Jefferson, J. Marshall, A.
Jackson, D. Webster, T. Stevens, etc.
Liberal, Republicans,
E.B.Andrews. History of the Last Quarter Century. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1896.
J. G. Blaine. Twenty Years of Congress. 2 vols. Nor
wich, Connecticut, 1884-86.
S. S. Cox. Three Decades of Federal Legislation. Prov., 1885.
Biographies of C. F. Adams, H. Greeley, C. Sumner.
" The Nation." N. Y., 1870-74.
Annual Cyclopedia, 1870-74.
Liberty Party,
H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vols. I. and
II. Boston, 1872-74.
T. C. Smith. Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the Northwest.
N. Y., 1897.
A. Willey. The Anti-Slavery Cause in State and Nation.
Portland, 1886.
Biographies of J. G. Birney, S. P. Chase, W. L. Garrison,
H. Clay, G. Smith.
" The Emancipator." J. Leavitt, Editor. New York, 1840-
1842 ; Boston, 1842-48.
Louisiana, F. Barbe'-Marbois. The History of Louisiana. Phil., 1830.
C. Gayarre". History of Louisiana. 4 vols. New Orleans,
1885.
B. F. French. Historical Collections of Louisiana. 5 vols.
N. Y., 1846-53.
F. X. Martin. History qf Louisiana. New Orleans, 1882.
M. Thompson. The Story qf Louisiana. Boston, 1889.
see references under Reconstruction.
Annual Cyclopedia, 1862-74.
Maine, W. D. Williamson. The History qf the State of Maine.
Hallovvell, 1832.
G. J. Varney. Brief History of Maine. Portland, 1888.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 453
Maryland, J. T. Scharf. History of Maryland. 3 vols. Baltimore,
1879.
W. H. Browne. Maryland. (American Commonwealth
Series.) Boston, 1884.
J. V. L. McMahon. An Historical View ofthe Government
of Maryland. Baltimore, 1831.
Massachusetts, C. F. Adams. Massachusetts, its Historians and its History.
Boston, 1893.
J. S. Barry. History of Massachusetts. 3 vols. Boston,
1855-57.
A. Bradford. History of Massachusetts. 3 vols. Boston,
1822-29.
T.Hutchinson. History qf Massachusetts. 3 vols. London,
1755-1828.
J. G. Palfrey. History of New England. 5 vols. Boston,
1858-90.
G. R. Minot. The History of ihe Province of Massachusetts
Bay, 1748-1765. 2 vols. Boston, 1798-1803.
H. A. Cushing. The Transition from Provincial to Common
wealth Government in Massachusetts. N. Y., 1896.
Mexico, M. Romero. Mexico and the United States. N. Y., 1898.
S. Hale. The Story of Mexico. N. Y., 1889.
A.H.Noll. A Short History of Mexico. Chicago, 1896.
G. D. Abbott. Mexico and the United States, Their Mutual
Relations and Common Interests. N. Y., 1869.
H. H. Bancroft. Mexico. 6 vols. San Francisco, 1883-
1888.
C. E. Lester. The Mexican Republic. N. Y., 1878.
J. J. Kendall. Mexico under Maximilian. London, 1871.
E. Hall. Life of Maximilian I., Late Emperor qf Mexico.
N. Y., 1868.
Michigan, T. M. Cooley. Michigan. (American Commonwealth
Series.) Boston, 1885.

454 BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. H. Lanman. History of Michigan. N. Y., 1839.
S. Farmer. The History of Detroit and Michigan. Detroit,
1884.
Military History,
General WorkB,
H. B. Dawson. Battles of the United States. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1859.
G. Coggeshall. History of the American Privateers. N. Y.,
1861.
J. F. Cooper. History of the Navy of the United States.
Phil., 1839.
E. S. Maclay. A History ofthe United States Navy. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1894. — A History of American Privateers. N. Y.,
1899.
J. R. Spears. The History of our Navy. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1897.
Colonial -Wars,
F. Parkman. Frontenac and New France. Boston, 1877.
— A Half Century of Conflict. 2 vols. Boston, 1892. —
Montcalm and Wolfe. 2 vols. Boston, 1894.
G. Warburton. The Conquest of Canada. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1850.
Eevolutionary War,
H. B. Carrington. Battles of the American Revolution.
N. Y., 1876.
J. Fiske. The American Revolution. 2 vols. Boston, 1891.
G. W. Greene. Historical View of the American Revolution.
Boston, 1865.
W. Gordon. History qf the Rise, etc., of the Independence
of the United States. 4 vols. London, 1788.
W. E. H. Lecky. History of England in the XVIII.
Century. 8 vols. London, 1878-90.
H.C.Lodge. The Story of the Revolution. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1898.
B. J. Lossing. Pictorial Field Book of the Revolution.
2 vols. N. Y., 1851-52.
LordMahon. History qf England. 7 vols. Boston, 1853-54.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 455
W. N. Massey. A History of England, etc. 4 vols. Lon
don, 1855-63.
D. Ramsay. The History of the American Revolution.
2 vols. Phil., 1789.
J. Winsor. The Reader's Handbook ofthe American Revo
lution. Boston, 1880.
War of 1812,
H.Adams. History qf the United Stales. 9 vols. N. Y.,
1889-91.
C. J. Ingersoll. Historical Sketch of the Second War be
tween Great Britain and America. 2 vols. Phil., 1845-
1852.
W. James. Military Occurrences. 2 vols. London, 1818.
— Naval History of Great Britain. Vol. 6. London,
1837.
B. J. Lossing. Pictorial Field Book of the War of 1812.
N. Y., 1869.
T. Roosevelt. Naval War of 1812. N. Y., 1883.
Indian Wars,
E. S. Ellis. Indian Wars, 1608-1890. Grand Rapids,
1892.
J. T. Sprague. Origin, Progress, and Conclusion of the
Florida War. N. Y., 1848.
Mexican War,
R. S. Ripley. History qf the War with Mexico. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1849.
E. D. Mansfield. Mexican War. N. Y., 1849.
War of Rebellion
Campaigns ofthe Civil War. 13 vols. N. Y., 1881-83.
J. Davis. Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government.
2 vols. N. Y., 1881.
J. W. Draper. History of the American Civil War. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1867-70.
T. A. Dodge. Bird's-Eye View of ihe Civil War. Boston,
1897.
H. Greeley. The American Conflict. 2 vols. Hartford,
1864-67.

466 BIBLIOGRAPHY
R. V. Johnson and C. C. Buel, Editors. Battles and
Leaders ofthe Civil War. 4 vols. N. Y., 1888-89.
B. J. Lossing. Pictorial History ofthe Civil War. 3 vols.
Phil., 1866.
E. A. Pollard. Southern History of the War. 2 vols.
Richmond, 1866. — The Lost Cause. N. Y., 1867.
Comte de Paris. History of the Civil War. 4 vols. Phil.,
1871.
J. C. Ropes. The Story of the Civil War. 2 vols. N.Y.,
1894-98.
The Rebellion Record. The War of the Rebellion : A Com
pilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confed
erate Armies. 1st series, 53 vols.; 2d series, 5 vols.; 3d
series, 8 vols.; 4th series, 4 vols. Washington, 1880-
1900.
Minnesota, E. D. Neill. Concise History qf Minnesota. Minneapolis,
1887.
Mint, see Coinage.
Mississippi, J. F. H. Claiborne. Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and
State. Jackson, 1880.
R. Lowry and W. H. McCardle. A History of Mississippi.
Jackson, Miss., 1891.
A. J. Pickett. History of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi.
2 vols. Charleston, 1851.
Missouri, C. R. Barns. The Commonwealth of Missouri. St. Louis,
1877.
L. Carr. Missouri. (American Commonwealth Series.)
Boston, 1888.
W. B. Davis and D. S. Durrie. An Illustrated History of
Missouri. St. Louis, 1876.
E. H. Shepard. The Early History of St. Louis and Missouri.
St. Louis, 1870.
J. T. Scharf . History of St. Louis. 2 vols. Phil., 1883.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 457
Missouri Compromise,
Mrs. A. Dixon. The True History of the Missouri Com
promise and its Repeal. Cincinnati, 1899.
T. H. Benton. Thirty Years' View. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1854-56.
H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of Slave Power. 3 vols. Boston,
1872-77.
H. Greeley. The American Conflict. 2 vols. Hartford,
1864-67.
J. Davis. Rise and Fall of Confederate Government. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1881.
Text of Resolutions, in W. Macdonald. Select Documents, etc.
N. Y., 1898.
Debates, in Annals of Congress. 15th Congress, 2d session,
1818-19 ; 16th Congress, 1819-21.
Biographies of H. Clay, J. Q. Adams, T. H. Benton, J.
Randolph.
Monroe Doctrine,
W. F. Reddaway. The Monroe Doctrine. Cambridge,
England, 1898.
see Appendix to volume on Monroe in Statesmen Series.
Nashville Convention,
see General Histories.
Newspapers of 1849-50.
Biographies of J. C. Calhoun, H. Clay.
Navy, see Military History.
Nebraska, H. Johnson. History of Nebraska. Omaha, 1880.
Newburgh Addresses,
see lives of Washington.
New England,
C. W. Elliott. The New England History. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1857.
¦ J. G. Palfrey. History of New England. 5 vols. Boston,
1858-90.

458 BIBLIOGRAPHY
W. B. Weeden. Economic and Social History of New
England. 2 vols. Boston, 1890.
New Hampshire,
J. Belknap. History of New Hampshire. 3 vols. Phil.,
1784-92.
J. Farmer and J. B. Moore. Collections, etc., relating
principally to New Hampshire. 3 vols. Concord, 1822-
1824.
J. N. McClintock. History of New Hampshire. Boston,
1888.
E. D. Sanborn. History of New Hampshire. Manchester,
1875.
New Jersey,
T. F. Gordon. History of New Jersey. Trenton, 1834.
I. S. Mulf ord. Civil and Political History of New Jersey.
Camden, 1848.
J. 0. Raum. The History of New Jersey, from its Earliest
Settlement to the Present Time. 2 vols. Phil., 1877.
New Mexico,
H. H. Baucroft. Arizona and New Mexico, 1530-1888.
San Francisco, 1888.
H. O. Ladd. The Story of New Mexico. Boston, 1892.
New Orleans,
see references under Louisiana.
New York,
J. W. Barber and H. Howe. Historical Collections ofthe
State of New York. N. Y., 1845.
E. S. Brooks. The Story of New York. Boston, 1888.
J. Macauley. History of the State qf New York. 3 vols.
N. Y., 1829.
E. H. Roberts. New York. (American Commonwealth
Series.) 2 vols. Boston, 1887.
G.W.Schuyler. Colonial New York. 2 vols. N. Y., 1885.
J. V. N. Yates and J. W. Moulton. History of the State of
New York. N. Y., 1824.
W. Smith. History of the late Province of New York, from'
its Discovery to 1762. 2 vols. N. Y., 1829-30.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 459
M. J. Lamb. History qf the City of New York. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1877.
B. J. Lossing. History of New York City, 1609-1884.
2 vols. N. Y., 1884.
T. Roosevelt. New York. N. Y., 1891.
W. L. Stone, Jr. History of New York City. N. Y.,
1872.
C. B. Todd. The Story of the City of New York. N. Y.,
1890.
New York City, before and during the American Revolution.
N. Y., 1862.
Newspapers, J. T. Buckingham. Specimens of Newspaper Literature. 2
vols. Boston, 1850.
F. Hudson. History qf Journalism in the United States from
1690-1872. N. Y., 1873.
S. N. D. North. History and Present Condition of the
Newspaper and Periodical Press in the United States.
Wash., 1884.
Nicaragua, L. M. Keasby. The Nicaragua Canal and the Monroe
Doctrine. N. Y., 1896.
Non-Importation, see General Histories.
North, see Histories classed as controversial on page 384.
H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History af the United
States. 8 vols. Chicago, 1876-92.
references under American Character.
North Carolina,
W. H. Foote. Sketches of North Carolina. N. Y., 1846.
F. L. Hawks. History of North Carolina. 2 vols.
Fayetteville, N. C, 1857-58.
J. W. Moore. History of North Carolina. 2 vols. Raleigh,
1880.
J. H. Wheeler. Historical Sketches qf North Carolina, from
1584-1851. Phil., 1851.

460 BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. H. Wheeler. Reminiscences and Memoirs of North
Carolina. Columbus, 1884.
H. Williamson. The History of North Carolina. 2 vols.
Phil., 1812.
F. X. Martin. The History of North Carolina. 2 vols.
New Orleans, 1829.
E. W. Sikes. The Transition of North Carolina from
Colony to Commonwealth. Baltimore, 1898.
Northwest, B. A. Hinsdale. The Old Northwest. N. Y., 1891.
W. P. Cutler. The Ordinance of July 13th, 1787. Marietta,
1887.
W. H. English. Conquest of the Country Northwest of the
River Ohio, 1778-1783.
3. A. Barrett. Evolution of the Ordinance of 1787. N. Y.,
1891.
J. Winsor. The Westward Movement, 1763-1798. Boston,
1897.
J. R. Albach. Annals ofthe West. Pittsburgh, 1858.
R. Blanchard. The Discovery and Conquests of the North
west. Chicago, 1880.
see references under Expansion, and West.
Nullification, see references under Constitution.
C. W. Loring. Nullification, Secession. Boston, 1893.
C. P. Powell. Nullification and Secession. N. Y., 1887.
D. F. Houston. A Critical Study qf Nullification. N. Y.,
1896.
Biographies and Works of J. C. Calhoun, A. Jackson,
D. Webster, E. Livingston.
Debates, in Congressional Debates. Vol. 6. 21st Congress,
1st session, 1829-30 ; vol. 9, 22d Congress, 2d session,
1832-33.
Ohio, P. G. Thomson. A Bibliography ofthe State of Ohio. Cin
cinnati, 1880.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 461
C. Atwater. A History of the State of Ohio. Cincinnati,
1838.
A. Black. The Story of Ohio. Boston, 1888.
S. P. Chase. A Sketch ofthe History of Ohio. Cincinnati,
1833.
H. Howe. Historical Collections of Ohio. 3 vols. Colum
bus, 1889-91.
R. King. Ohio : First Fruits. (American Commonwealth
Series.) Boston, 1888.
Oregon, H. H. Bancroft. Oregon. 2 vols. San Francisco, 1886-
1888.
W. Barrows. Oregon. (American Commonwealth Series.)
Boston, 1883.
W. H. Gray. A History of Oregon. 1792-1849. Portland,
1870,
R. Greenhow. The History of Oregon and California.
Boston, 1844.
G. Hines. Oregon, its History, Condition, and Prospects.
N. Y., 1859.
O. W. Nixon. How Marcus Whitman saved Oregon.
Chicago, 1895.
J. Q. Thornton. Oregon and California in 1848. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1855.
G. Wilkes. The History of Oregon. N. Y., 1845.
Panama Congress,
American State Papers. Foreign Relations, 1789-1828. 6
vols.
Debates, in Congressional Debates. Vol. 2. 19th Congress,
1825-27.
" Niles' Register." 1825-28.
The Congress of 1826 at Panama. Historical Appendix to
the Report of the International American Conference.
Wash., 1890.
Biographies of H. Clay, J. Q. Adams, M. Van Buren, T. H.
Benton.

462 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Party Organization,
H. J. Ford. The Rise and Growth of American Politics.
N. Y., 1898.
E. Stanwood. History of the Presidency. Boston, 1898.
F. W. Dallinger. Nominations for Elective Office. N. Y.,
1897.
G. W. Lawton. The American Caucus System. N. Y.,
1885.
F. W. Whitridge. The Caucus System. N. Y., 1883.
T. Roosevelt. Essays on Practical Politics. N. Y., 1888.
T. Roosevelt. American Ideals and Other Essays. N. Y.,
1897.
J. Bryce. American Commonwealth. 2 vols. N. Y., 1895.
W. Wilson. Congressional Government. Boston, 1885.
F. J. Stimson. The Methods of Bribery. Cambridge,
1889.
see references under Anti-Masons, Democratic Party,
Federalist Party, Republican Party, Whig Parly.
Peace Conference,
Debates and Proceedings qf the Peace Convention in 1861.
L. E. Chittenden. N. Y., 1864.
Pennsylvania, W. M. Cornell. History of Pennsylvania. Phil., 1876.
S. Day. Historical Collections of the State of Pennsylvania.
Phil., 1843.
W. H. Eagle. Illustrated History qf the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. 2 vols. Harrisburg, 1876.
S. G. Fisher. The Making of Pennsylvania. Phil., 1896.
S. G. Fisher. Pennsylvania, Colony and Commonwr
Phil., 1898.
T. F. Gordon. The History qf Pennsylvania, from its Dh
covery by Europeans to 1776. Phil., 1829.
W. R. Shepard. History of Proprietary Government in
Pennsylvania. N. Y., 1896.
J. T. Scharf, and T. Westcott. History of Philadelphia.
3 vols. Phil., 1884.
see references under Quakers.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 463
Personal Liberty Acts,
see references under Fugitive Slave Law.
3. Parker. Personal Liberty Laws and Slavery in the Terri
tories. Boston, 1861.
J. F. Rhodes. History of the United States. Vol. III.
Petitions, Anti-Slavery,
see debates in Congress, referred to under Gag Rule.
discussions iu —
H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United
States. Vol. II. Chicago, 1881.
J. Story. Commentaries on the Constitution. 5th edition.
Boston, 1891.
Biographies of J. Q. Adams, J. C. Calhoun, J. R. Giddings,
H. Clay.
Popular Sovereignty,
H. E. Von Hoist. Constitutional History of the United States.
Vol. IV. Chicago, 1885.
Histories classed as controversial, on page 384.
debates in Congressional Globe, 30th Cong., 1st sess. ; 33d
Cong., 1st sess.
Biographies and Works of D. S. Dickinson, L. Cass, S. A.
Douglas, J. Davis.
Presidency, see Elections, Constitution.
Princeton College.
S. D. Alexander. Princeton College during the Eighteenth
Century. N. Y., 1872.
J. Maclean. History of the College of New Jersey, from
1746-1854. Phil., 1877.
Privateers, G. Coggeshall. History of American Privateers. N. Y., 1861.
E. S. Maclay. A History of American Privateers. N. Y., 1899.
Protection, see Tariff.
Prussia, see Treaties and Conventions concluded between the United
States and other Powers since 1776. Wash., 1889.

464 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Quakers, I. Sharpless. A Quaker Experiment in Government. Phil.,
1898. — A History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania.
Phil., 1899.
Quebec, see references under Canada.
V. Coffin. The Province of Quebec and the Early American
Revolution. Madison, 1896.

Reconstruction, H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. Vol. III.
Boston, 1877.
J. G. Blaine. Twenty Years of Congress. 2 vols. Nor
wich, 1884-86.
H. McCulloch. Men and Measures of Half a Century.
N. Y., 1888.
S. S. Cox. Three Decades of Federal Legislation. Provi
dence, 1885.
J. Sherman. Recollections of Forty Years. N. Y., 1895.
E. McPherson. History of the United States during the
Period of Reconstruction. Washington, 1875.
W. A. Dunning. Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruc
tion. N. Y., 1898.
E. G. Scott. Reconstruction during the Civil War. Boston,
1895.
C. E. Chadsey. The Struggle between President Johnson and
Congress over Reconstruction. N. Y., 1896.
J. W. Fertig. The Secession and Reconstruction of Ten
nessee. Chicago, 1898.
Annual Cyclopedia, 1863-74.
"The Nation." N. Y., 1865-74.
Biographies and Works of Lincoln, W. H. Seward, C. Sum
ner, T. Stevens, E. M. Stanton.
Debates in Congressional Globe. 38th Congress, 1st sess.,
1863-64; 39th Congress, 1865-67; 40th Congress, 1867-
1869.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 465
Republican-Democratio Party, 1789-1824,
R. H. Gillet. Democracy in the United States. N. Y., 1868.
B. F. Hall. The Republican Party. 1796-1832. N. Y.,
1856.
A. Holmes. Parties and their Principles. N. Y., 1859.
W. R. Houghton. History of American Politics. Indian
apolis, 1883.
A. W. Young. American Statesman. N. Y., 1877.
M. Van Buren. Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of
Political Parties. N. Y., 1867.
H. J. Ford. The Rise and Growth of American Politics.
N. Y., 1898.
Henry Adams. History of the United States. 9 vols. N. Y.,
1889-91.
"Niles' Register," 1811-24.
Biographies of leading Republican statesmen from T.
Jefferson to W. H. Crawford.
see references under Elections.
Republican Party, 1854-1874,
J. D. Long, Editor. The Republican Party, its History,
Principles, and Policies. N. Y., 1888.
F. A. Flower. History of the Republican Party. Springfield,
111., 1884.
J. G. Blaine. Twenty Years qf Congress. 2 vols. Nor
wich, 1884-86.
J. F. Rhodes. History of the United States. 4 vols. N. Y.,
1893-99.
" The Nation." N. Y., 1865-1874.
" New York Tribune." H. Greeley, Editor. 1854-1872.
see Controversial and General Histories on pages 382 and
384.
see references under Elections.
Biographies of leading Republicans.
Revolution, Causes of,
R. Frothingham. Rise of the Republic. Boston, 1872.
G. L. Beer. The Commercial Policy of England toward the
American Colonies. N. Y., 1893.

\/

466 BIBLIOGRAPHY
see General Histories on page 382.
see references under England, and New England, and
biographies of leading statesmen.
Rhode Island,
J. R. Bartlett. Bibliography of Rhode Island. Prov., 1864.
S. G. Arnold. History of Rhode Island. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1859.
G. W. Greene. A Short History of Rhode Island. Provi
dence, 1877.
E. Peterson. History of Rhode Island. N. Y., 1853.
F. G. Bates. Rhode Island and the Formation of the Union.
N. Y., 1898.
Russia, see Diplomatic History, Alaska.
San Domingo,
S. Hazard. San Domingo, Past and Present. N. Y., 1873.
J. Brown. The History and Present Condition of San Do
mingo. 2 vols. Phil., 1837.
Executive Documents, 41st Congress, 1869-71.
see Diplomatic History.
Shays's Rebellion,
see references under Massachusetts.
3. B. McMaster. History of the People of the United States.
Vol. I. N. Y., 1883.
Slavery, see references under Abolitionists, Fugitive Slave Law,
Slave Trade, and South.
H. Wilson. Rise and Fall of the Slave Power. 3 vols.
Boston, 1872-77.
G. W. Williams. History qf the Negro Race in America.
2 vols. N. Y., 1883.
W. Chambers. American Slavery. London, 1857.
J. E. Cairnes. The Slave Power. London, 1862.
F. L. Olmsted. A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States.
N. Y., 1856. — A Journey through Texas. N. Y., 1857.
— A Journey in the Back Country. N. Y., 1860.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 467
T. R. R. Cobb. An Historical Sketch of Slavery. Phila
delphia, 1856.
J. C. Hurd. The Law of Freedom and Bondage. 2 vols.
N. Y., 1858-62.
W. Goodell. Slavery and Anti-Slavery. N. Y., 1852.
W. Goodell. The American Slave Code. N. Y., 1853.
H. R. Helper. The Impending Crisis. N. Y., 1857.
R. Hildreth. Despotism in America. Boston, 1840.
W. Jay. Miscellaneous Writings on Slavery. Boston, 1853.
A. T. Bledsoe. An Essay on Liberty and Slavery. Phil.,
1856.
N. Adams. The South Side View of Slavery. Boston, 1854.
W.Harper. The Pro-Slavery Argument. Charleston, 1852.
Slave Trade,
W. E. B. DuBois. The Suppression of the African Slave
Trade to the United States of America. 1638-1870.
N. Y., 1896.
South, E. Ingle. Southern Side Lights. N. Y., 1896.
J. S. Buckingham. The Slave States of America. 2 vols.
London, 1842.
F. A. Kemble. Journal. 1832-33. 2 vols. Phil., 1835.
F. L. Olmsted. Journeys and Explorations in the Cotton
Kingdom. 2 vols. N. Y., 1860-61.
F. N. Thorpe. Constitutional History qf the American
People. 2 vols. N. Y., 1898.
see General Histories, Controversial Histories, and refer
ences under American Character, Slavery, and Disunion.
South Carolina,
B. R. Carroll. Historical Collections of South Carolina.
2 vols. N. Y., 1836.
E. McCrady. The History of South Carolina under the
Royal Government. 1719-1776. N. Y., 1899.
D. Ramsay. History of South Carolina, 1670-1808. 2 vols.
Charleston, 1809.
W. G. Simms. The History of South Carolina. Charles
ton, 1840.

468 BIBLIOGRAPHY
J. S. Pike. The Prostrate State. South Carolina under
Negro Government. N. Y., 1874.
Spain, see Diplomatic History.
American State Papers. Foreign Relations. 6 vols. 1789-
1828.
Biographies of J. Jay, A. Lee, T. Pinckney, J. Q. Adams.
Spanish American Republics,
H. Butterworth. South America. N. Y., 1898.
History of South America. By an American. A.D.Jones,
Translator. London, 1899.
A. U. Hancock. A History qf Chili. Chicago, 1893.
C. R. Markham. A History of Peru. Chicago, 1892.
Stamp Act,
see General Histories, and references under Revolution,
Causes.
H. Niles. Principles and Acts of the Revolution,. N. Y.,
1876.
Sub-Treasury, see references under Financial History.
D. Kinley. The History, Origin, and Influence of the
Independent Treasury System. N. Y., 1893.
Tariff, F. W. Taussig. Tariff History ofthe United States. N. Y.,
1888.
E.C.Lewis. A History of the American Tariff. Chicago,
1896.
[ O. L. ElUott. The Tariff Controversy, 1789-1833. Palo
Alto, Cal., 1892.
W. Hill. First Stages of the Tariff' Policy qf the United
States. Baltimore, 1893.
J. L. Bishop. History of American Manufactures. 2 vols.
Phil., 1861-64.
J. D. Goss. History of Tariff Administration. N. Y., 1891.
E. Young. Special Report on Customs Tariff Legislation.
(House Exec. Doc. 42d Congress, 2d session, No. 109.)

TOPICAL REFERENCES 469
F. W. Taussig. State Papers and Speeches on the Tariff.
Cambridge, 1892.
Tennessee, J. W. Caldwell. Studies in the Constitutional History of
Tennessee. Cincinnati, 1899.
J. W. Fertig. The Secession and Reconstruction of Ten
nessee. Chicago, 1898.
J. Haywood. The Civil and Political History of the State of
Tennessee. Nashville, 1891.
J. Phelan. History of Tennessee. Boston, 1888.
J. G. M. Ramsey. The Annals of Tennessee, to the End of
the Eighteenth Century. Charleston, 1853.
O. P. Temple. East Tennessee and the Civil War. Cincin
nati, 1899.
Texas, H. H. Bancroft. North Mexican States and Texas, 1581-
1889. 2 vols. San Francisco, 1883-89.
W. M. Gouge. The Fiscal History of Texas, from 1884
to 1851-52. Phil., 1852.
W. Kennedy. Texas. 2 vols. London, 1841.
H. Yoakum. History of Texas, 1685-1846. 2 vols. N. Y.,
1856.
Tories, L. Sabine. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists ofthe Ameri
can Revolution. 2 vols. Boston, 1864.
E. Ryerson. The Loyalists qf America, and their Times.
2 vols. Toronto, 1880.
Journal and Letters of S. Curwen. Boston, 1864.
The Diary qf Thomas Vernon. Providence, 1881.
H. C. Van Schaack. The Life of Peter Van Schaack.
N. Y., 1842.
Town Meeting,
H. B. Adams. The Germanic Origin of New England
Towns. Baltimore, 1882.
E. Channing. Town and County Government in the English
Colonies of North America. Baltimore, 1884.
G. E. Howard. Local Constitutional History of the United
States. Baltimore, 1889.

470 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Union of Colonies,
R. Frothingham. Rise ofthe Republic. Boston, 1872.
S. G. Fisher. The Evolution of the Constitution. Phil.,
1897.
C.E.Stevens. Sources of tlie Constitution. N. Y., 1894.
University of Pennsylvania,
T. H. Montgomery. A History qf the University of Penn
sylvania. Phil., 1900.
G. B. Wood. Early History of the University of Pennsyl
vania. Phil., 1896.
University of Virginia,
H. B. Adams. Thomas Jefferson and the University of Vir
ginia. Wash., 1888.
R. H. Dabney. The University qf Virginia. N. Y., 1897.
Underground Railroad,
W. H. Siebert. The Underground Railroad from Slavery lo
Freedom. N. Y., 1898.
W. Still. The Underground Railroad. Phil., 1872.
L. Coffin. Reminiscences by the Reputed President of the
Underground Railroad. Cincinnati, 1880.
Vermont, I. Allen. The Natural and Political History of the State of
Vermont. London, 1798.
H. Hall. The History of Vermont. Albany, 1868.
J. L. Heaton. The Story of Vermont. Boston, 1889.
N. Hoskins. A History of the State of Vermont. Ver
gennes, 1831.
R.E.Robinson. Vermont, a Study qf Independence. Boston,
1892.
Veto Power,
E. C. Mason. The Veto Power. Cambridge, 1890.
Virginia, R. A. Brock. Virginia and the Virginians. 1606-1888.
2 vols. Richmond, 1888.
J. D. Burk. The History of Virginia. 4 vols, Petersburg,
1804-05, 1816.

TOPICAL REFERENCES 471
C. Campbell. History of the Colony and Ancient Dominion
of Virginia. Phil., 1860.
J. E. Cooke. Virginia. (American Commonwealth Series.)
Boston, 1883.
W. H. Foote. Sketches of Virginia, Historical and Bio
graphical. 2d series. Phil., 1850-55.
Bishop Meade. Old Churches, Ministers, and Families of
Virginia. 2 vols. Phil., 1857.
Washington City,
S. C. Busey. Pictures ofthe City of Washington in the Past.
Washington, 1898.
Centennial History of the City of Washington. Dayton, 1892.
J. A. Potter. The City of Washington, its Origin and Ad
ministration. Baltimore, 1885.
West, see references under Expansion and Northwest.
J. R. Albach. Annals ofthe West. Pittsburg, 1898.
S. A. Drake. The Making of the Great West. N. Y., 1887.
T. Roosevelt. Winning ofthe West. 3 vols. N. Y., 1889-
1894.
J. Winsor. The Westward Movement, 1763-1795. Boston,
1897.
F. N. Thorpe. Constitutional History of the American People.
2 vols. N. Y., 1898.
West Virginia,
V. A. Lewis. History of West Virginia. Phil., 1889.
Whig Party,
R. McK. Ormsby. The Whig Party. Boston, 1859.
C. H. Peck. The Jacksonian Epoch. N. Y., 1899.
M. Van Buren. Inquiry into the Origin and Growth of
Political Parties. N. Y., 1867.
J. D. Hammond. The History of Political Parties in the
State of New York. Cooperstown, 1846.
A. Holmes. Parties and their Principles. N. Y., 1859.
W. R. Houghton. History of American Politics. Indian-
apolis, 1883.

472 BIBLIOGRAPHY
see references under Elections.
Biographies of H. Clay, J. Q. Adams, and other Whig
leaders.
Whiskey Insurrection,
H. M. Brackenridge. History of the Western Insurrection.
Pittsburg, 1859.
W. H. Eagle. History of Pennsylvania. 2 vols. Harris
burg, 1876.
Biographies and Works of A. Gallatin, G. Washington,
A. Hamilton.
Histories of Pennsylvania.
Wilmot Proviso,
Congressional Globe. 29th Congress, 1845-47; 30th Con
gress, 1847-49.
William and Mary College,
H. B. Adams. The College of William and Mary. Wash
ington, 1887.
L. G. Tyler. The Making of the Union. Contribution of
the College of William and Mary in Virginia. Richmond,
1899.
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Va. History
from its foundation, 1660 to 1874- Richmond, 1874.
Wisconsin, J. S. Buck. Pioneer History of Milwaukee. 4 vols. Mil
waukee, 1876-86.
H. E. Legler. Leading Events of Wisconsin History. Mil
waukee, 1898.
W. R. Smith. The History of Wisconsin. 2 vols. Madi
son, 1854.
R. G. Thwaites. The Story of Wisconsin. Boston, 1890.
C. R. Tuttle. An Illustrated History ofthe State of Wiscon
sin. Boston, 1875.
XYZ Affair,
Annals of Congress. 5th Congress, 2d session, 1797-98.
American State Papers. Foreign Relations. 1789-1828. 6 vols.
Biographies of J. Marshall, E. Gerry.

.TOPICAL REFERENCES 473
Yale College,
E. Baldwin. History of Yale College to 1838. New Haven,
1841.
F. B. Dexter. Sketch of the History of Yale University.
N. Y., 1887.
W. L. Kingsley. Yale College. 2 vols. N. Y., 1879.

<@bz iRiuEtjiiue f refi-l
Electrotyped and printed by H. O. Houghton &> Co.
Cambridge, Mass, U.S. A.

3 9002

iiliri 1 Wiiiw li i

j ;; A'! | I'Ji |IH{
¦ii -!; '¦!i!iiil*ill!iiil