YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

I THE
1 ITINERARY O F
JOHN LELAND
THE
ANTIQUARY.

Vol. the Fifth.

Publifh'd from the Original MS. in the
BODLEIAN Library
By Thomas Hearne M. A.

To which is prefix'd
M*. W. V a l l a n s's Account of feveral Parts of
HARTFORD-SHIRE:
And at the End is fubjoyn'd
A Letter concerning fame Antiquities between
WINDSOR and OXFORD.

OXFORD,
Printed at the Theater for the Publifher,
MDCCXI.

Dr. Thomas Fullers
Cburch-Hiffiofy of Britain, Book VI. p-339»
Pity it is, that Mr.. Lehnd's worthy Collections were
never made publick in print; and fome, juftly to
be praifed for care-in prelerving, may as juftly be
taxed for envy in ingrafting fuch Monuments of
Antiquity.

Advertifement.
Whereas the Firft Volume of Leland 's Itinerary ', for
merly in the hands ol Charles Bernard Efq;, was not
found in his Study after his death, the Per Ion who
hath the zd, 3d, 4th, and ?*. Volumes, deGres the
- Gentleman, in whofe poflefiion that Firft Volume
now remains, to accept of the prime Coft for the laid
Book, viz. 43. which {hall be paid him by Mr. Innys
Bookfeller, at the Princes Arms in St. Paul's Church-
Yard, London.

Ill

THE
PREFACE.

TH £ grtateft Part of this Volume relates to Wales.
The Obfervations _are very remarkable, and mofl of
them J»ch as have not been noted by any of our Hi-
ftorians or Antiquaries that have treated of this
Part of Great Britain. Mr. Stowe'x Tranfcript was of no
finall firvice to me in adjufling fome Paflages. For notwith-
flanding he does not fe'em to have under flood Latin very -welly
(for which reafon there are divers grofs Miftakes in his Latin
Tranfcripts) and tho' he us' d-much liberty in adding, leaving
out (Ma/tranfpoGng, yet his Copy being taken about twenty
four Tears after Mr. Leland's Death {before f& Originals
had receiv'd much Damage ) they are of excellent ufe in filling
up the vacant Places, and in fettling fome other Difficulties ;
which Advantage cannot be exjfretled from fuch Copies as were
tranfirib'd divers Hears afterwards. 'Tis this Ufe therefore
that I have made of this Tranfcript, and mofl of ^Supple
ments in this Volume {which are inclos'd in Crotchets ) are
to be attributed to this'Copy and not to Mr. BurtonV, which
however was written by a Perfin of better Learning than Mr.
Stowe, and is in fome things preferable to it. I have withal
taken notice of the mofl material Variations in Mr.Stowe's
Tranfcript from the Original^ and have infirted them with
the other Variations ( taken from Mr. Burton ) at the Botom
of the Page:
In the Preface * to the Firfl Volume I had occafion to quote
a Letter of mine concerning fome Antiquities between Wind
sor and O xford that was printed in the Monthly Mit
cellany, or Memoirs %x the Curious, for Novemb. mdccviii.
I have been fince importun'd by fome learned Gentlemen, for
whom I have a great Honour and Veneration^ to reprint that
Letter. I have therefore comply* d with this Motion, andfiib-
joyn'd it at the End of this Volume; but the Additions and
Alterations are fo many and fo conftderable that 'twill in a
manner appear wholly ndw. In the former Imprejfion I had
objerv'd that Cherrenhul, that is mention' d in an Hiftorical
* Pag. XI. a 2 Fragment

IV THE PREFACE.
Fragment preferv'd * by Leland, was fomewhere about Fox-
comb-Hill near Oxford,- and lam now fn far f unthink
ing otherwfe that I have in this fecond Edition fix'd f it at
Chilfwell Farm. Tho' I had this Farm in my view when I
firft writ this Letter, yet I did not venture to put it down
hill I had better confider'd the Circumftances of the Place,
which I find convenient enough for fo great a Battle. And
'tis no fmaU fatisfa&ion to me that among of her Perfons of
Figure and Diftradrion that agree with me in this Opinion I have
the concurrence of a Worthy Phyfitian the ingenious Dr.
JohnThorfe late of Univerfity- College j who as he hath
in other refteils been a Promoter of this Undertaking, fi he
was pleas' d to '-write tome a very kind Letter, concerning his
Sentiments of the Place mention d in. this Fragment.
In a Note at the End of Mr. Leland's Maeniae upon the
Death of Sir Thomas Wyat (printed at the Beginning of the
lid. Vol) I obferv'd that our BodiejanCopy rfthofeNxmas
belong d formerly to one Vallans, whom I guys' a to be a Man of
Learning. His Name was W. Vallans %,and Ifincefatd this Con
jecture confirm' d by afinall Book written by him in blank Veri^
in which he gives an Account of feveral Places in Hartford-fliire.
He was a Native of that County, was a modeft Man, weU
vers"d in Records, an Admirer of Mr. Leland, and ( I think )
travell'd into feveral Countries after he had pubU/h'd this Book,
which he had not pre/um'd to put to the Prefs if he had not been
drawn to it by the Perfwafions of his Friends. 'Twos printed
at London (in three Sheets in Quarto ) by Roger Ward for
John Sheldrake, in the Tear mdxc. but 'tis Jo great a Rarity
that I had fiarce fo much as heard of it 'till of late, when
'twas fent to me out of the well furnifh'd Study jJTThomas
Rawlins on of the Middle-Temple JS/^;, who gave me
have (if I thought proper) to reprint it. iJhaU therefore
here prefix it to this Volume.
Bodleian Library
Sept. 8<o. mdccxi.

* See in the appendix to the IVth. Vol. of this Jtirt. p. 1 3a. f See pag.
134, ¦% 'Tis probable he was the fame with w. If. who w«t the Cook
eall'd, The Honourable Prentice. Concerning which Book fee what I have laid
in my Notes to the Hiftory of the Bacon at Dunmtme, printed at the Be
ginning of tlie Hid. Vol. of this bin. p. V.

A TALE
TWO SWANNES.
Wherein is comprehended the original
and increafe of the River Lee,
Commonly called Ware-River:
Together with the Antiquitie of fundrie Places
and Townes feated upon the fame.
Pleafant to be read, and not altogether un
profitable to be underftood.
By W. VALLANS.
>»« 
Publilh'd out of the Study oFThomasRawunson
of the Middle-Temple Efq;.

Oxford, Printed at the Theater ¦, mdccxi.

TO THE
READER.
THE reafons be manifold (good reader) thatmooved
metopublijh thys prefent Tale. Firft, that I might
(in what I was able) illuftrate, or make better known
to the world, my countrie or place ofbyrth : to which
(as Cicero faith) each man doth ow the third part of his
life, and for which ther is no good man, but wil jeopard his
life, adventure his Jafetie, and hazard the deareft things hee
dooth pojfejfe. Neither yet was there ever any manfo brutijh,
but rejoyceth to hear his countrie commended, and is delighted
when he heareth the fame wel ffoken off and praifed. Such is
the affection that every man beareth to it, that{ Ovid, expreffing
the fame, faid, he could not tel howe it came to paffe, nor whence .
itfliould proceede. His words be thefe :
Nefcio qua natale folum dulcedine cunftos
Ducit, <&e.
Hence it came to paffe that antiquity gave divine honor to fitch
as had deferved wel of their countrie : either in peace, by invent
ing fomething to the profit or wealth thereof: or in war, by ad-
•ventring their bodies in defence thereof.
Another reafon was, that albeit neither my writing, nor other
indevour what/bever, be able to perfourm any thing that might
either bgautifie or adorne the places I ffeake of: Tet hereby I
would animate, Or encourage thofe worthy Poets, who have
written1 Epithalamion ThameGs, to publijh the fame. I have
feen it in Latine verfe (in my judgmeafJ>wefdone,buf the Author,
I know not for what reufoa^dgth'ifetpprejfe it. That tffhich is
written in Englifh, though long fence it was promifed, yet is it
not perfourmed. So as it feemeth,feme unhappy Star envieth the
fight offb good a work : which once Jet abroad, fetch trifles as
thefe would vanifh, and be overjhadowed, much like the Moon
and other, Starres, which after the appearing^ of the Sunne are
not to be feen at all.' -.. ¦'
Thirdly, being fully refelved to leave my country, I held beft
before my departure Cigneum aliquid Canere : not unlike the
Swan.'^who before thfir death do fittg, as Virgil, Qvid, Horace,
Martial with all the Poets do conftantly affyrme.The Philofophers
fay it is becaufe ofthefpirit, which, labouring to paffe thorow
the long and /mall paffage of her vecke, makes a noife as- ifjhe
didfin£, Pythagoras did thinke their Jbules were immortal, and
faith, how before their death, they rejoice <rnd fixg as going to
a better

To the Reader: VH
a better Life. The maner of their finging M. Thomas Watfon
m his Odes txpreffetb thus :
Qualis ubi longo moerore Cay firms ales
Confe_tus fenio gravi, <£rc.
Which verfes A. F. hath englijhed on this wife :
Like to the filver Swan, who feeing death to be comming,
Wandreth alone for a while through ftreams of lovelycayfter:
Then to the flowring bankes all faint at laft he repairth,
Singing there, fweet bird, his dieng fong to Cayfter :
Geving there, fweet bird, his laft farewell to Cayfter :
Yeelding up, fweet bird, his breath and fong to Cayfter.
The laft, and net the leaft motive was my friendes requeft,
whofe importunate demaund, without breach of amitie, I could
not gainjay : to whom, as alfo to thy favourable confer uttton
(curt eons and friendly reader) I commit the fame.
John Turner »/^« worke.
TO tell a Tale, and tell the trueth withall,
To write of waters, and with them of land-
To tell of Rivers, where they rife and fall.
To tell where Cities, Townes, and Caftles ftand.
To tell their names both old and newe,
With other things that be molt true.
Argues a Tale that tendeth to fome good.
Argues a Tale that hath in it fome reafon.
Argues a Tale, if it be underftood,
As looke the like, and you fhall find it geafbn.
If when you reade, you find itfo,
Commend the worke and let it goe.

J.T.

vm

A Tale of
TWO SWANNES.
WHEN nature, nurfe of ev^ry living things
Had dad her charge in brave and new aray j
The hils.rejoyft.to fee themfelves fi> fine :
The fields and woods grew proud therof alfo :
Thft medowes with their partie-CQlpui'd coates,
Like to the Rainebow in the azury skie,,
Gave juft occafion to the. cheerfull birdes,
With fweeteft note, to fong their nurfe's praife.
Among the which, the merrie Nightingale
With fwete and fwete (her breft again, a thorne)
Ringes out all night the never ceafing l'audes
Of God, the author of her nurfe and all.
v About this time the Lady Venus viewd
The fruitfull fieldes of plealant Hartfordpure, :
And law the river, and, themeades thereof
Fit for tobreedeher birdes of greateft prife.
She calles in hafte for winged Mercurie,
And fendes him to Cayfter, filver ftreame.
Fetch me (faith fhej, two Cignets of the heft,
And in the Laund, hard, by theparke of Ware,
Where Fanfoawe buildes for his (iicceeding race,
Thy fpeedie corrimingl will there, await.
The meflenger of alTOie heav'nly court
Makes hafte away to doo. his miftrefle queft :
And from the brood two Cignets of efteeme
He fleely takes, unfeene of any Swannes,
Which in that river be fo plentifull.
To Ware he comes, and to the Launde he flies,
Where Venus, like the Goddeffe of great Love,
Sate lovely by the running river fide,
Tuning her Lute unto the waters fall,
Wherewith fhe did record the love and armes
Of mightie Mars, the God of dreadfull warre.
Tfie prefent come, fhe layeth downe her Lute,
And takes thefe Cignets of fo great efteeme,
Throwing them both into her river Lee : And

A Tate of two Swannet. IX
And ported ftraight up to the throne of Jove,
Where lovely, like to verie love it felfe,
Shee let her felfe upon her yeelding knee,
And craves of him but onely this requefr,
That her two Swannes might profper in the ftreame,r
And rule the reft, as worthie King and Queene.
The mightie Jove, unwilling to denie'
His daughter's fute, for feare of further ill,
Graunts her requeft : and more to pleafure her,
Saith, that thefe two fo fruitfull fhail become,
That all the Swannes, yea, the verie Thames
Shall be replenifht with their princely race.
Venus yeeldes thankes, and haftes her felfe away
To mount Troclya, where fhe tooke her reft.
Long liv'd thefe Swannes in Lee, with great increafe
Of honour, royaltie, and in high 'ftate :
Inricht with ifliie of the fayreft breede,
That lives in Severne, Humber or in Trent,
The chiefeft floudes that water Englijh ground.
Three times had Venus us'd them for to draw
Her Ivory Chariot through the loftie ayre.
A fpeciall favour ( as the Poets fay )
Graunted to fuch, as fhe holdes in accompt.
Now as thefe Swannes-began to waxen old,
As time outweares eche^ creature that doth live :
It pleafedthem to fend throughout their realme,
For all their fubjectes of the higheft bloud :
With full intent to make a progrefle cleane
Throughout their land to fee the boundes thereof,
And ev'ry brooke that harbours anie Swanne,
With all the lues that unto them belong.
No fooner was this meflage knowwe abroad,
But there reforted to their being place
Such troupes of milke-white Swannes, as well befeem'd
The royall ftate of two fuch princes great.
Among which .troupes the King and Queene made choife
Of fortie Swannes of high and royall bloud,
For to attend upon their Majefties.
Then looke how Cynthia with her filver rayes
Exceedes the brightnefle of the lefler ftarres,
When in her chiefeft pompe fhe hafteth downe
To fteale a kifie from droufie Endymion :'
So doe thefe princes farre excell in ftate
The Swannes that breede within Europa's boundes.
And in this pompe they hie them to the head,
Whence Lee doth fpring, not farre from Kempton towne,
Vol. 5. b And

X A Takoftwo Swannes.
And fwiftly comming. downe through Brooke-hall parke,
Leaves Whetha?nft.e4,i fo called of thq.corne.
By Bifhops-Hatfield, then, they come along,
Seated not farre from antient Verolane :
HisCitie, that firft fpent his blefled. life,
In juft maintaining of our Chriftian faith,
fThe firft. When they had paft Hartingfprdbury towne,
£ aime of \ A quite contrarie courfe they doe finde out :
tincreafe. J And though it were fome labour gainffr the ftreame,
To trace this River, feeding chriftall L§e ;
Yet worthily they holde their firft refblyei
And up by Tewing, wide of Butlers houfe,
To Digfwejl hafte, where Horftey dwelt of late. :
And then to Wehoine, pafling well beknowne^
And noted for a worthie ftratagem :
I meane the Danes, who on S. Bryces night
Were ftoughtly murdred by their women foes.
To WhitweU fhort, whereof doth burbling rife
The fpring, that makes this little river runne.
Thence backe againe unto the chiefeft towne
Of all the fliire, and greateft of accompt,
Defended with a Caftleof fome ftrength,.
Well walled, dyched, and amended late,
By her, the onely minor of the world,
Our gracious Queene and Prince Elizabeth,
Not far frornhence ftands many a milke-white Swanne,
Attending for to entertaine their Prince :
Among the which was one of chiefe accompt
That busked up his winges in greateft pride,
And fo falutes this worthie companie :
And with a fpeeche that, well did him befeeme,
He tels "how that neere Walkhorne, CapePs feate,
c The fe- } " The Bene doth rife, and gives his proper name
-} cond. f "To Benington, and fo to Watton runnes :
"And then by Staplefoord,, to Beneghoo heere,
" Where we, with all the Swannes and Cignets both,.
" That live in Bene, doe reft at, your command.
Right gracioufly the Princes topke his fpeeche,
And fo departed towardes Ed-wardes W/tre.
But ere they come unto the Meade or Laund,
Where Venus firft did put; them in eftate,
j The ^ They paffed up a river of good.depth,
¦^ third, f The greateft branch that feedeth chriftall Lee .
With fpeedie pace (as Swannes doe ufe to fwimme)
They paffe to Wadefmill, and to Thundrhh Church,
And fo to Stando^ honour'd with.the houie Of

A Tale of two Swannes. XI
Of Worthie Sadler Knight, and Counfeller
To all the Children of King Henry feverith :
Whofe fonne furviving holdes the verie path,
That leades to vertue and to honours throne.
By Puckhridge likewife they do fwiftly paffe :
And fo to Horne-meade more and lefle, and then
To Withihall, to Buckland and to Barckway both,
Where is the head and verie utmdft bound
Of this fiirpaffing cleere and goodly ftreame.
Returning backe againe, the companie
Were marfhalled and fet in order brave.
And this was done leaft that undeceritly
They fhould pafle by the guefted towne of Ware.
Thus ordered, they come by Byrches houfe,
That whilom was the Brothers Friers place :
Then by the Crowne, and all the Irines of Ware :
And fo approching to the late built bridge,
They fee the barges lading malt apace-
And people wondering at fo great a troope :
Among the which, a man whofe filver heares
Seem'd to excell the whiteneffe of the reft,
Befpake them thus :
" Long have I liv'd, and by this bridge was borne,
" Yet never faw I fuch a companie :
"So well befeene, fo order'd, and fo faire.
"Nay ( as I thinke ) the age that is by paft,
" Nor yet the fame that after fhall infue
" Never beheld, nor lookt_ upon the like.
The people liftened to this aged man,
As one they lov'd, and held in reverence.
And as they ftoode, behold a fodaine chance : J a nvelet }
From South-fide of the bridge, hard by the fame, \ or rill. g-
Two goodly Swannes with Cignets full fifteene
Prefent themfelves and theirs unto the Prince :
Excufingwell their flackeneffe and offence
In not appearing at their firft command.
The Queene beholding fuch a goodly broode.
Received them all, and pardon'd everie mifie :
Demanding where they us'd, and all their ftate.
After a becke in figne of humble tbarikes,
The Cocke made anfwere with a modeft grace.
" A place there is, not farre from hence (O King)
" A chalkie hill, beneath the fame a hole,
" Cal'd chad-well head, whence iflues out a ftreame,
" That runnes behind broad Meade that you fee heere :
" A little rill, yet great inough for us,
b a "And

S TIie I.
"£ fixtli. f

XII A Tale of two Swannes.
"And thefe our breede. yet (gratious Prince) behold
"A tale there is deliver'd unto us
" From hand to hand} how that a haunted ducke,
" Diving within this chalk-well head or hole,
"Was forced underneath the hollow ground
" To fwimme along by waies that be unknowne {
" And afterward at Amwell fpring (they fay)
" Was taken up all fetherlefle and bare.
The King and Lordes tooke pleafure at the tale,
And fo made hafte quite through the arched bridge
f The } To Amwell, when they eafilie did 'fpie
^ fifth, f The fpring and rill that comes out of the hill,
And is fuppos'd to rife at chadwell head.
Beneath the fame comes downe a httle ftreame
That fofters Swannes, and comes from Haddam fmall :
The ^ And fo by Haddam, where the Bifhops houfe
Hath bene of long, and fo to Wydford towne :.
And here at Amwell falles into the Lee.
Then troupes this traine to Stanfted, calTd Le Thele,
And Stanfted where as Ba[he did lately build,
Whofe fonne yeeldes hope of vertue worth the place
And livinges which his father purchaft him.
j The fe- \ And here againe out of the kingly ftreame
|vouh. f Tjlfcy pafI-e by Royd-0„ through little Eflwyke quite.
Then they falute Hunfdon the nurferie
And fofter houfe of thrife renowmed Swannes :
Whofe honour, and whofe noble progenie
Gives glorie to that honourable houfe.
Lord, how they live all glorious as the funne,
With types and titles fit for their degree,
As kinfmen to our moft redoubted Queene,
And men of high defert unto the ftate!
From hence to Sapsford, and to Starford, cald
The Bifhops : then to Farn,am and to Maunden,
And fo to Clavering, where it rifeth firft,
And then comes downe againe into the Lee.
From Stanfted unto Hodjdon goe thefe Swannes,
From thence to Broxborne, and to Wormley wood
And fo falute the holy houfe of Nunnes,
That late belong'd to captaine Edward Dennie,
A knight in Ireland of the beft accompt
iJt^g.g Who late made execution on our foes,
I mfiane of Spanyardes, that with open armes
Attempted both againft our Queene and us :
Tliere now Lord Talbot keepes a noble houfe.
Now fee thefe Swannes the new and worthie feate

A Tale of two Swannes. XIH
Of famous CiciU, treaforor of the land, Thebals.
Whofe wifedome, counfell, skill of Princes ftate
The world admires, then Swannes may doe the fame :
The houfe it felfe doth fliewe the owners wit,
And may for Jaewtie, ftate, and every thing,
Compared be with molt within the land.
Downe all along through Waltham ftreet they paffe,
And wonder at the mines of the Abbay,
Late fiippreft, the walles, the walkes, the monumentes,
And everie thing that there is to be feene.
Among them all a rare devife they fee,
But newly made, a waterworke : the locke
Through which the boates of Ware doe paffe With malt.
This locke containes two double doores of wood,
Within the fame a Cefterne all of Plancke,
Which onely fils when boates come there to paffe
By opening of thefe mightie dores with Height,
And ftrange devife, but now decayed fore.
And as tbey flayed here, they chaunft to fee
The ftately croffe of Elnor, Henries wife.
Then Enfield houfe, that longes unto our Queene,
They all behold, and with due reverence
Salute the fame.
From hence by Hackney, Leyton, and old-Foord,
They come to Stratford, cal'd alfo the Bowe :
And underneath the bridge that thwartes the ftreame
And partes the fhires of Middlefex, and Effex both.
At laft ,( though long and wearie was their way )
They come unto the mouth of river Lee,
Where all the Swannes of that part of the Thames
Attend to fee this royall companie :
So that from Woolwich to Blackwall was feene
Nor water, nor the medowes thereabout.
For looke how in a froftie night or day,
WhenSnowe hath fallen thicke upon the grounde,
Eche gafing eye is dafel'd with the fight,
So Lillie-white was land and ftrand befeene
With thefe faire Swannes, the birdes of lovely love.
After, a noyfe in figne of palling joy,
A Swanne of Thames invites the King and Queene
•Upon a day prefixt, to fee and celebrate
The marriage of two Rivers of great name.
Which granted, everie one departes his way,
The King and Queene againe into their Lee :¦
Where yet they live in health and happie ftate,
Or if not fo, they dyed but of late.
FINIS.

XIV

A
COMM ENT ARIE
O R
EXPOSITION
Of certain proper names ufed in this Tale,
Hartford. "Jf "JT Arfford-fhire : fo called of the town. King Alfred
was the firft that, devided this Land into Siires,
Hundreds, and Tenthes, whereby hee reprcfled the
outrages and robberies which th& Engtifh-men (fol
lowing therein the Danes) committed one upon another.
Hee appointed that every man fhould be in fome Hundred
or Tentbe,_and if he were accufed of any offence, if he found
not in his Hundred or TenSh a fuertie or pledge foi- himfelf, he
was grievoufly puiaifhed .Hereby he brought topaffe,that hang
ing golden -bracelets by crof-waies , there was none durft
fteale or take thern away. This Shire aboundeth in plenty
of corne, pafture, medowes, water and woods : and hath in
it 1 20. Pariflies.
Lee. Lee, called alfo Lygan^Lygeax and Luy.
cayfter. Cayfter. A river in Bo'tHia, where is fuppofed the faireft and
largeft Swannes doo breede.
Fanihawe. Fan(hawe. One of the remembrancers ofherMajefties court
of Exchequer : an upright Jufticer, arad one that efpecially ten-
dereth the profit of Ware, whereof he hath purchafed the
Lordfhip.
•wast. Ware: Biiil&d in the year of our Lord $14.. byK. Edward
the fonne of 1^.. Alfred. This towne fince the building thereof
hath greatly incrfeafea, and by procuring to themfelves the
free paflage of their bridge greatly hindred the Shire-towne
of Hartford. For in old time the bridge was chained and
kept by the Bailiefe of Hartford, but in the time, of King
John, when the Barons warred one agamft another, and a-
gainft the King himfelfe, ,the townefmen, trufting to their
Lord Wake, brake the chaine, and have, ever fince enjoyed
; their

A Tale of two Swannes. XV
their paflage, whereby it is greatly encreafed, and is likely
ftill to doo^afwell for that by means of the Lord Treafiirer
the river is made paflitble for boates and barges, as alfb
through tlie diligence of the Townefinen;, who, with helpe of
M. Fanjhawe, have erected a newe maukette houfe, with en-
tent to procure certaine Fayres to be helde there yeerely.
The Bridge was reedified lately, and the arches made of ftone
at the charges, viz. 140. poundes. geven by herMajeftie.
The reft by the Towne and Countrie..
Thamesjaie chiefeft river of England. The name is derived Thames.
of Tame and Ifes, which rifang in Glocefter-Jhire, -runneth to
the towne of Tame, where joyning together, they make the
Thames, whereof read Leland, or M. Harijbn in his defcri-
ption of Britaine.
Severne,, a river that arrifeth in Wales, pafieth by Mount- severne.
gomery, Shnewsburie-, Brydgenorth, Bewdly, Worcefter, Glo-
cefter, and Briftoll. It paiiteth Wales and the Weft councrey,
and. falleth into the fea betwyxt My I ford Haven* and Fadfiow.
The courfe of this River as alfo the reft require a fpeciall
treatife. Humber, or rather Httll^ falleth. into the Sea at Raven- number.
j^«r, and arifeth out of fiindrie Rivers, whofe- confluence
m»ke a mighty, water. «jrc.
Trent is one of the moft excellent Rivers, in England, and, Trent.
as M. Harifem faith, increafed with fo many Waters, as it
feemeth it may be compared with Severne or Qwfe, of- which
River whofoeveris deGrous to fee or read more may findthe
fame in M. Harifen's workes, and therefore I omit to- fpeake
further of it.
Cypthia, the Moone. Cynthia.
Endymion, a fhepheard* who ( as the Poets faine ) was caft Endy-
a, fleepe upon the hiRLatmosmi hundred yeares. by the Moone, mion.
to the intent fhe might injoy his love.
Verolane, called, by Antonine Verolanium, of Tacitus- Ve- verolane.
r ulanium, of Ptolamy Verolanium. The Saxons, called it
Watlvtgchefter of the high-way called WatlingBreete, and Wer-
laffchefter of the river Werlam that ran by it. And yet it is cal
led V&rulam, albeit there be nothing left but the ruines. and
rubbifh of the walles. It hath bene a citie in old time of great
and efpeciall account, well walled,, and defended, with, a great
fifhing pondj which wel neer did, compaffe it. There is, yet
to be feene (as M. Camden faith) ancient coyne with this In-
fcription, Tafi.Verul. which DadTorPflwe^ interpreted! to- be
Tributum Verulamu. For Tafe. in WaJJh fignifieth tribute, and
Tafeitt a tribute penie. This citie was greatly diftieffed in
the time of Nero the.Emperour by the wanes which. Bund- w'sca

XVI A Tale of two Swannes.
wica the Queene made againft the Romans, as may eafify
appeare toluch as be any thing at all converfant in reading
the Romane hiftories : yet did it flourifli againe, and continued
in good eftate, and among other thinges famous for bring,
ing forth to the world Albon the Prothomartyr, or firft mar
tyr of this land, of whome M, Gerard Leigh in his accidence
of armorie wryteth : " Albon was knight of the Bath, and Lord
"of Verolane,J30V!e called Saint Albons : who in his youth, fqr
a the honour of this realme,made a royall chalenge Of Juftes at
" Rome, and did there other Knightly difportes in Armour,
"where hee had onelye the prife, and was made Knight by
"Dyoclefian thenEmperour of Rome, who had this Realme
" then in fubje&ion.
" This Albon was Prince of Knightes,and Soveraigne Stew-
" ard of Brittaines : and after was converted to the faith of
" Chrift by Amphybalus that holy Knight, who went to Rome
" with Baffiams the Sonne of Severus in the companie pf
" iyoo. of thechiefe Lordes fonnes of Brittaine and Cone*
fcwaB, where Zepherinus then Bifhop privily inftrutted him
" in the fay th of Chrift, which, at his returne, he taught to
fc Albon in fuch fort,that openly profeflingthe fame, they were
"in the time of the EmpetoutDyoclefian both martyred".Whes-
of you may reade mGildas and Bede. After this, the Citie was
yet in good eftate, until the time of the Saxons, when O&a
and Eofa taking it for their refuge, were befieged by Uther
Pendragon, who brake the walles and defaced it. After this, by
litle and litle it languifhed, fo that it became a denne or har
bour of theeves and harlots, untill King Off a, about the yeare
of our Lord 793. builded an Abbey in honor of S. Albon, ift
a place called Homelhurft. Hencefoorth the olde Citie de-
caied, and S. „#0SMnourifhed. And Alfiicke the feventh Ab
bot of the houfe bought the fifliing pond of the King : and
for that the Fifher-men dayly endomaged the religious people,
it was with great coft drayned and made drie. There re-
maineth at this day a ftreet in S. Albons, called. Fifhpoole
ftreet : and for that there hath bene found about the Citie,
anchors, keles of boates, old nailes, and fuch trafh, fome v
have fuppofed the Thames to have runne that way, which er-
rour grewe by corruption of Gyldas's booke, where he men
tioned! of S. Albon 's death. But it is not fo. but hear what
ancient Recordes doo teftifie concerning the fame.
In the time of King Edgar, when Aegelred was Abbot, he
caufed the mines of Verolane to be fearched, the vaultes to bee
uncovered, and the pavements to be digged up: where he found
Fillers, peeces of antique worke, threfholds, door-frames, pil
fers for windowes of fine mafonrie worke, fome of Porphyrie, feme

A Tale of two Swannes. XVII
fome Touch, fome Alabafter, all which were verie convenient
for his purpofe. Befides hee fbundfockets of Lattyn, and of
Braffe, with divers other thinges which he referved towardes
the foundation of a new Abbey, which he intended to build.
Put being prevented by death, Edmerus hisfucceffor digged
againe, and found idolsj altars richly covered, jugs and crufes
with pots, fomeof wood, fome ftone,and fomegold^artificially
wrought and cary ed. And proceeding farther, he found pots of
golddilver, and fome of brafle,fome with, coyne,and fome with
bones and afhes of fuch as have bene burned or buried : all
which were referved, and the metteis melted, and kept for this
new Abbaie, which being at laft finifhed , was indowed with
great ftore of hvinges and manifold privileges, and the new
towne of S. Albomilaylj more and more increafed, famous as
well for the Abbay,as alfo for two notable civill battailes fought
there during thefacrion betwixt the two great houfes of Tor ke
and Lancajter. Thus much of Verolane, whereof more might
be faid, which for brevitie fake I omit.
Bijhops Hatfield or Hethfield. John Morton Bifliop of Ely S'MS H*'~
builded there a houfe which nowe belongeth to herMajeftie.-^ "
Hunfdon, as Leland reporteth,belonged once to the Bohum Hunfdon.
and Bernyers,ixova them to tlaeHawarsfs.- Tho. duke of North-
folk, fufpe&ing that a tower of the houfe would fall by reafon
of the height, tooke downe a part thereof. And King. Henrie
the eight making an exchange with the Duke, newly xeedified
the houfe j fince whofe time it is honoured with the title pf a
Baronnie, which Henry Cary, Lord Chamberiairte of her Ma-
jefties houfhpl.d, liefetenant of Northfolke and Suffolk?, and
Captaine of Barwike, at this day enjoyeth.
Hartford, called by Antonine and the-Romans Durocobrivas. Hartford,
The Brittaine's orWeffhmen call red water Dur Coh, ,and Briva
as wel witli them as alfo with the antient Galls fignifieth over
the water, as Briva Oder a, Briva -Iffara, which fignifie paf-
fagesover rivers of the fame name. Ihe Saxons called it
Hertidford, as in one booke remaining with John St owe (a di
ligent fearcher and preferver of Antiquities)' it is written Heo-
rutford, Bede.in the fourth booke of his Ecclefiafticall hiftory
mentioneth how, Theodorus Archbifhop of Canterbury held a
Synod or Provinciall counfell at Herudford, Anno 6jp. ; but
now it is corrupdy (as I thinke) called Hartford,which Leland
interpreteth cervi vadum, the fioord of Hartes. It hath bene
in olde time of good account, as well by reafon of the Caftel
as alfo of the Priory. The Cartel was builded firft by Edward
fenior in the ninth yeare of his raigne, as Henry Huntington
faith, whofe wordes be : Edvardws Anno 9. regni fit confiruxit
Herefordium cafirum non immenfum Jed puicherrimum tamen
Vol. J. c inter

XVIII A Tale of two Swannes.
inter BerMciah, Mimeraffl, & Ligeari, ifhtmtKa eon profunda
fed clarijfinta tamen. This Caftel hath farce freene tecreafed
by the c/ares,-md thehhyWe Dukes of Lancafter. For Roger de
Clare in Henry the fecOnd his time was created Erie of HarU
ford. And Robert FitiwaliirifoeX came Of the fame houfe in
King Stevens time did boldly affirme that the keeping of the
Cftftel did of right beloagwnto him. Henry the third-gave the
GafteL with the honour belonging to it to William Valence
Erie of Penbroke, Anno 1447. Arter 4t f^1 to tn? Dukes of
Lanctjteh, Who ufed to lodge" at it verie often. In the yeare of
our Lord 1$ 5:7. the Queene of Scottes, fifter to King Edward
the third, departed this life, lying at Hartford With her fifter in
k\v the Queene of England, and in the year 1458. for a fray
made in Fleeteftreet in London, the King feat The principalis #f
Clifford, Fumival/j and Burnardes M,as Prifoners to Hart'-
fbrdCaSMi King Henry the fixt ufedofcen to fceepe his tfbrifi>-
mas there : and, to conclude^ King Edwardthe fixt Was miffed
and fchooled there.
The Priorie was builded by Ralfe Lord Lymefeyi, who came
into England with William the Couqutfronr, and Was fas thk
Mottkes reported,) his fifters fonne.
i The townefinen of late have procured to thetnfelves a new
corporation, and have on the Saterdsfy a good market and eve<-
ry yeare three faires. In Edward the 5. time, as I have feene
In an olde f ecoird, they had two markets in the weeke and but
two fayres. :
h4 the "time of Henry the elght/wfc. 1 507 . there was a Paper-
Mill at Hartford, and belonged to John Tate, whofe father
was Mayor of London.
waltham. Waltham, a market towtte. The Abbay was builded by
TKing Harold, who fliortly after he had built it was fkineby
"William the conqueror. His mother with great _td eameft firte
obtained his 'body, and intouimbed the feme in the Abbay.
Elnors minors Croffe, commonly called Waltham Croffe. K.Henry
Croffe. i!he firft fet it up in memory of his wife ( who died in Lincoln-
flAre; )and wberefoeVer her body was caried, there he erecled
a Croffe with the aimeS of England, Cafiile ahd Pontoys, geven
on the fame, of which'the Croffe in Chepe, and charing Crdfle
be two of thefayreff.

TO

lix

To his Bfeloved Father
JOHN VALLANS,
W. if. wiflieth the grace of God with
Health and Prof|>eritie.
THE dutie (deare Father) I owe unto you, the re
gard of my promife,togerher with the remembrance
of your reafonable requeft, doo not a litle moove
me to write a few words concerning the matter
whereof, at my being with you laft, wee with certaine of.
our; friefldes talked. And lam well affured that you remem
ber what. a Ayr N- B- kept, when I laid that fhips had bene
at Ware, affyrming , how it was urrpoffible that that river,
which hut of late was fearce able to bear a fmalsvhyrrie, fhold
in times paft beare big and mighty fhips. Truly his wordes
wer^ many and greatbut his reafcns were fmal- And fince that
at that time I prornifed to fend you in a letter a plajne and
evident prooffe of thofe words which there I uttered, I doubt
not but is thefe few fines fully to fatisfie, not only your re
queft, but. alfo your mind, and confirme you in that opinion
which fewe men (unleffe fuch as be altogether ignorant of
the .matter and of , the place) wil denie. And firft 1 -will {hew
you the caufe for which the fhips went thither, and what they
did there. Then will I plainly prooveboth by authoritie antf
examples, that it is likely that they were there. Laftly, I wil
(as my promife was) {hew you about what time and by whome
Ware was builded. That Ships have been <tf Ware.
THE Panes, who (as Polidor Vk-gil faith) dwelled in olde
time beyond Ifter,but now be they inhabitants of the Ger
mane Ocean or Denmark, perceiving how that their Country
was overmuch preffe.d with the great multitude of people that
inhabited the fame, determined to jfubdue the land, to drive
out the £«g/;//j-rnen, and to plant themfeives and their pofte-
rity for ever in the fame. For perfourmingand accomplifhing
whereof they armed great ftore of chofen fouldiers, who a-
bouC!heyeare83x. in 34. {hips entered the river of Thames,
c % -landed

_5t That Ships have bent' at Ware.
landed by great force, fpoiled, fired, and wafted^the Countty
fo.:far, "that Egbert', who then 'was Kinf of the more part of
England, was fainewith an hoaft of men to fuccour^ahd re
lieve: his diftreffed fubjectes. , But fuch was. the wiLUof Odd
for the punifliment'of fihne"that then' was rife, that the Kinge
joining battaile withjhe Danes, was by thenwlifconifited aid
put to flight^ After Siis-^bakaife- the Danes were fo encouft
aged, that they 'came out'ortfieir Countrie likeTfwannes:rgjf
Bees ; fo that if in one weeke there were five thpofandyof
thelftj flaine, yet in: the Weeke Following i thefe would come
eight thoufand more to-fupph/ their rbdmes. They were ofi-
tentime difcomfited, and the greater part of them driven
backe by divers valiant Kinges and Princes. But yet bv xe%.
fon of their often arrivall, their force was ftill increafep anti
maintained; One While they arrived in one place, and^then
in another^ fpOiling, burning, and killing all they could ,cpme
by. It were too long to tell, arid verie grievous it is to tntnke
how1 -religion was decaied, learning forgotten, all 'partes- aM
<jaafter$! of the Realme- wafted' and fpoiled; how- 'cities)
townes, churches, abbaies and religious houfeswere confhmed
with fire : and flame ; how miferablie the Commons were af.
fli&ed, how pitifully men, women and children, and all1 fortes
of people went to wrackej how wonderfully the Kinges tfaem-
felves5 were amafedj the comming of their enemies beingborh
foddafee and violent ; how cruelly fire and fword, famine and
death raged thorow out the land, heaven and earth intending
as it were the fatall deftrucbon and utter decay of the realme.
This miferie continued the fpace of 300. and odde yearesf
within which yeares, namely about the yeare of our Lord 917:
the ajd.yeareof King Alfreds raigne, a great armie of Dane^
having received an overthrow at a place called ButtingtortbeiJ
fide Severne, fled into Eaft England, and there wintered, and
prepared a great hoaft againe out <&• Northumberland and!
other places, leaving there their wives and children, together
with their money, Ihips and munition, in Eaft England, ami
with great fpeed got to the Citfe of Leagecefier (which at that}
time was defolate, the ihhabitantes having for fear of the
Danes forfaken it) or ever King Alfred and Ethered the under
King with their armies ¦ could overtake them. And yet fuch
was the celeritie that King Alfred ufed in this purfuin, that or
ever his enemies wonne the citie, he with his companie
tookea great deale bfr their Carriage with all the booties of
cattaileand other thinges that they in their journey by r. rob
bing and fpoyling had" obtained and -driven away.; Heealfo
befieged the citie two or three dales, bat perceiving it woulde
finally availe, he was faine-' (a grievous thing to-heare) to burn up

That Ships have bene at Ware. XXI
up'the greateft part of the come that grewe there aboutes, and
beftow the reft amongft his horfes, leaft his enemies fhoulde
have the fruit and commoditie thereof The Danes perceiving
that, and feeing there was, nothing left whereof they might
live ih thofe partes, departed from thence, and in great hafte
got them to North Wales, where they fpoyled and harried the
countrie farre and neere, driving away great booties of Cattel,
and carrieng with them rich fpoiles.From hence they departed,
and becaufe for feare of the Mercians they durft not traveile
that way^ they cdafted along the countrie till they came to
Northumberland, and fo through Middle England, taking their
fhipsy their wives and children out of Eaft England with them,
they arrived at a little Ifland fcituate in the Sea, in the eaft
part of Effex, called Merfeyge. From thence they departed and
came into the river -of Thames ; and feeing that Winter was
now at hand, they drew or rowed their fliippes up the river
Lygean. And twentie miles from London they began to buylde
a Fort, which being finiflied, they taried there all that wynter,
fpoyling, robbing and burning thofe quarters without mercy-
When Winter was paft, a great part of the Citizens of Lon
don, w&h thofe that inhabited neere thereaboutes, travelled
rhether, and by force minded to breake downe the Fort or Mu
nition which they had there buylded. But the Danes ftoutlye
refilled them, and not far from the place gave them- a fharpe
battaile, where the chrifiians were put to flight, and foure of
King Alfreds men were flafne.
Thus the Pagane or Heathen Danes remained Lordes or
Maifters of thofe quarters, compelling the husbandmen to eare
and till theground, meaning themfelves to reape the commo
ditie of it. But the good King Alfred, who alwaies was care-
full for the welfare orhis fubjecvtes, gathered an armie, and be
fore harveft time pitched his tents neer to the place of their a-
bode. By whofe cbmming the enemies were fo afrraid, that
they durft not once peepe out of their hojd to fetch either cat-
tell or come out of the fields by force. In this fpace, it hap
pened on a time, as the King rode alongft by the river fide,
he viewed the water, and perceived how that in fome places
of it the chanell might eafily be flopped, and the ftreame
made lefle. Whereupon he (as Huntington writeth) caufedit
to be cut into three feverall braunches or armes. But howfo-
ever it was, hee fo weakened the ftreame, that the Danes
could not bring back their fhips the ' fame waty they came.
Which thing the Danes perceiving, and knowing well it was
in Vaine for them td abide any longer there, they left their
Ships, and fled by land as faft as they could to Quatbridge,
fending their wives and children againe into Eaft England, Af ter

xxu ^f.%>*M^M*<W^-
ter this the King deparjsd^d, ^ZpnJq&qss ar,_
feeing the" Danes werie gone^jburjkdowng ^VhB§Wi^l^H
fot fome of their pj^s^^i1^i^:^ji^ffd^^ii^i$^
jeV burned and brake ?1| to ^ca,v
:- But here pera^y^nnu^ y'oiv, wlMltaslf? ^^WbI Oi^wi^©
come by theknp$lM|epi,r^^^
hundred ye£re5 agoe T "$o ;tjij§ t W\Wh $& W &&&$*
Were done long before any rh3ritha,t^ now livingean,re^ie,a>
ber, We muftr£redit tha? pur fathers have icpmrrur*^,^-*gf||p
ing concerning the fame- $0 in my opinion th4nfererj}|8
reporter liveth tothofe tirnes in which ^thinges, hejpeafc
eth or writeth of were done, the more crediteis, to hjee gevsi
tohini, And as concerning this rnaj:ter? it is confirmed by thein-
porte of a verie auncienj:, reverent and fearflf4 Wrytfi;
namely Afferus Menevenfis, Bjfhop of Saint £Mw«, ^ thai, 4^
in the verie felfe fame time when thefe thinges were, done,
and Maryatius ScotWyWho lived and wrote nChrpju^atWk
foe., yeares ago, ^Florentim a Mpnk of Wffcefier^ whf
continued itj'dpth witneffe and declare-. Befidef divei;*iOd
ther s of great, ahtir|u,irje and, credite, as Hen,r%\ of Hmsfogtwk
Mathew of Weftmi%fterx and rnanie moe, wpp dee all confifpi^
that which \s before declare^. Befides rJ^epg: remayaefh, y#
the mines of an old Caftel pr Fort between^ Hartford G^h
sind tbelVpu, which I doe unppubtedly beleeye was^the Vf%
ne felfe fame Fort that the Danes builded, . r
Mpreover, o. Croffe did credibly enforme me that, at the.
building of Stanfted bridge, there were found within thfe jii^r
peece,s of broken fhips Ot craers, nayfes and, other thjjig^t
which feemed to belong to fome great fhips or veffelg, A%~,
Which thinges cpnfidered, together with, the parting of thjfc
ftreame before remembred, roe, tninkes fhould f$fu|&cient .&*
confirme ypur minde, and caiife yon, to tjefe^yg ,^.t: th^to
have bene fhips at Ji*&r*,aad Hartford- ¦ --, -, 4
Hereunto it may bee added that it was a common ufepf^g
Danes tp row or, drawe upfieir fhips intp, fame finafe o^eijjs
or river where that, fbey might j-ide all winter with leafl dsflb
ger. And rime wprkerh fpinp alteration froth by water, and by
land, that where gr^rivers^jdfpnaetinjgsrurijnpw it jsufe
terlie drje, and in ftead of maine waters we have goodly arid
/torijhing meades. And in like fort where goodly cities and
cafte> Jpmetlrnes djd^ (land., therenow grower.^ come. For
examples of this we need npt feeke far, fince that in London
not above 177. yeeres ago, namely in the yeere of our Lor<j
1 goo. when Ht»y W4eyt wasMaypr of the citie there ran a
river through Wf&rpQkm$i two bridges pvqr it, whereof #?£ liam

That Ships have bene at Ware. XXI_
r$am Jordan vaAJohn deBever were maifters and.governours.
What is become of the river Were that ran by S, Albons, of
which the great city that in old time flood there took the
name and was called Werlamchefier, whereof Leland in his
commentaries maketh mention ? Concerning cities the dili
gent reader of Chronicles fhall meet with die names of many*
of Which/there is at this day no rubbilh nor ruin to be feen, as
of Andres chefter, thatftood in Suffix on the edge of the great
wood called Andreds "weak ; Of Ithancefter^ that flood in the
river Pant a in iEffex ; and of infinite moes of which, as I feyd,
theteis left no token, but as the Poet faith, Jam feges eft ubi
Trojafvlt. Thus have you heard ^eafrefether)both the doings
of the Danes not only in Englandfbaz alfo what they made in
thofe parts of the iandwhereor We talkedjand where youdwel.
There remaineth mow to write unto yon, as I promifed, how
long it is fince Ware was built, and in what Kinges dales the
feme was done, of which Iminde toiay no more then that
which bath bene „readie written by fuch as have in their Hi-
ftories aftd Chronicles made mention of fuch townes as were
builded by King Edward thereabPutes. And heefein 1 cannot
bat much tfnifKke of their opinion that affinfie thaJ; the towne
¦of Hartford was builded by Kitig Edward the firft before the
•ConqHeft,; feeing that by the very wordes of Huntington it
appeared! that it Was bat the Caftel that he blinded. For we
read in Beda his hiftory of a counfel of BifliOps that was held
at Hartford long befote EdwarJestmte. This Caftel 1 meaneof
.fftfrt^/ was builded in the yearof our'Lordqiz. by Edward
the forme of King Alfred, andtwo yeares after he builded ;a
towne on the North fide of Lee, which is the fame that I doe
take to be Ware, -sad was in 'hand When Witham in Effex was
alfo begun, namely 66%. yeares fince. Thus much (father) for
this time i thought gdod to write unto you concerning this
matter, nothrngtloubtirig but that hereafter, -when all thinges
be finished, that by taeanes of the Lord Treafurer, maifter
Fanjhawe, smd other wcfrflripfiill men be in hand for the a-
uraendtnent andfeowring of that river,you and I both fhall 'fee^
chduga not lhippes, yet good big boates and veffels pafie too
and fro betwixt London md PK»w,'totbecommoditie and pro-
fite of the whole conntrey, zvhich God graunt.

Your obedient fonne W. Vallans.
F IN I S.

XXIV

rtJ

NOT E S.
PAG. V. A Tale Sec."] Tho' I have mention^- only
Hartfordfhire in my general Title Page, and in ftv#>Pfe-
_ce, yet this Tract takes in fome other Places (in Effex atHl
Middlefex) feated upon the River Lee-. P. VI. 1. 3?. asVirgU,
Ovid, Horace, Martial &c.]' Solhavd corrected itJ Before
it was, as Ovid, Virgil, Martial, Horace &cs> ibid- 1. 37. Spk&,
which, labouring]- 1 have fupply'd this' Place, the Word which
being before wanting. P. VII. 1. antepenult gAi/8a|.]^<Sifc
•plane in Codicequb ufus fern. P. VIII. 1. \i.*of her\m&fi
and~all.~) Nonnulli ibrfan commate poft her diftinguendBSfi
effe ceniuerint. ¦ Ibid. 1. 14. pleafant] I have added this woA
Ibid. 1. 19: faith fee] So I have corrected it. Before, 'trndw,
faith he. P. IX. 1. 14. Trdelya] Non aliter in' Cod noftr<J.
P. X. 1. <;. that firfi. Jbent his &c.T* So I have corrected it.
Before it was, that firft did fiend his &c. P. XI. I.17. • „
Withihall, to Buckland &c.~] •Malim,' To Withiall, Buckland
&c. lbidil. 2.0. heares~] Ideft, habres. 'And fo 'tis writteh
with a Pert by Mr. Rawlinson in the Margin of his
Copy. Ibid. 1 34. Prefent] Antea, frejents. P. XII. l.f
Chalk-well] It fliould be rather chadweU+is he writes it- a
little before and a little after. Or if chalk-well be retainy,
then it fhoiild be fo corrected in the other two Places. <Ibi&
1. n. 'ffie] Antea, effie. Ibid. 1. 18. intothel,ee.~] Sol' have
corrected it. Before 'twas, into the river Lee. . Ibid. 1. 19.
Stanfted-, caU'dLe Thele,] I believe it fhotild be rathetjiita^
call'd Le Thele. It goes commonly by the 'Name of Starr
theele. Ibid. 1. 14. through tittle Eftwyke quitei] MaliniL
thorough EftWyke -quite.' P.XIII.l.17. By opening of thefe &c
So I have' corredled it. Before 'twas, By opening ante of
thefe &c. Ibid. 1. Z7. And partes the. Jhires &c.]- Rectius
forfan, And parteth Middlefex and Effex both. P. X V . 1. : 8.
at the charges, &c] Mahm, at great charges, nuhereof 140.
pound es was geven by her Majefiie, the' reft by the Towne dad
Countrie. Ibid. 1. 11. of Tame and Ids',] "This is the com
mon opinion, but it has been rejected by others, and- parti
cularly by my late-learned Friend Mr. Edward Lhvyd.
Ibid. I. 13. Leland] In his Cygnea cantio, which I defign to
reprint hereafter. Ibid. 1. 41. ancient coyne] F. an ancient
coyne. This coyne I have .had ingrav'd in the Title Page of
this Tract of Vallans^ P. XVI. 1. 6. in his accidence of arm- rie]

N O T E S. XXV
rie] See foi. 38.1. of the firft Ed. that came out at London
in 4«>. 1568. imprynted in Fleteftrete -within Temple Barre
at the figne ofthehandandftarre ^yRychard Tottel. Ibid.
1. 15. Eofa] Sic refcripfi. Antea, Oefet. Vide Galfridum Mo-
numethenfem,-p. 63. Heidelb. MDLXxxvn. foi. P. XVII. 1. 21.
as Leland reporteth] in his Commentaries upon the Cygnea
Cantio, voc. Hvndesdena. Ibid. 1. penult. Edvardas
anno 9. &c] Verba ifta Henrici Huntingdouenfes e Codice ve-
teri, calamo exarato, penes Joannem Stoveum, aliumve quem-
piam antiquarium, ni fallor, defcripfit auctor. Nondum prodi-
erat rerum Anglkarum fcriptorum poft Bedam editio Savi-
liana. Hsec lucem adfpexit Francofurti, typis Wechelianis
excufa, anno MDcr. ubi- tamen locus hicce Himtingdonenfes
(qui pag. 353. 1. 7. occurrit) hunc in modum concipitur :
Edwardus rex anno 9. regni conftruxit Herefordiam caftrum
non immenfum fed pulcherrimum inter Beneficiam, $¦ Mineram,
& Luye flumina non profunda fed clarijfima. P. XIX. 1. 21.
And firfi I will Jhew you &c] So I have corrected this Place.
Before it was read thus : And for fo much as the caufe for
•which the Jhips went thither, and what they did there, then
will I &c. P. XXI. 1. 30. as Huntington faith] Pag. 351.
1. 33. apud fcriptores poll Bedam ab illuftriifimo Savilio edi-
tos. P. XXII. 1. 29- craers] Vide Skinneri Etymologicam
Expofitionem vocum antiquarum & obfoletarum, fub hac
voce. Ibid. 1. 37. where that they might ride] Legend, vel,
whereat they might ride, vel, omiflo that, where they might
ride. P. XXIII. 1- 4. whereof Leland in his commentaries
rnaketh mention ?] So I think 'tis to be pointed with an Inter
rogation, and not, as in the firft Edition, with a Comma,
after mention. It muft be noted that -John Stowe calls Mr.
Leland's Itinerary ( of which Work a vaft deal, and, I am
afraid, much the better Part, is now quite loft ) by the Name
of Commentaries of England. But Mr. Vallans (who was well
acquainted with Stowe) does not mean Mr. Leland's Itine
rary, but his Commentaries upon the Cygnea Cantio, where
he difcourfes of the old Verolamium, call'd by the Saxons
Werlamcefter. Ibid. 1. 7. as of Andres Chefter] 1 have added
the Word of, which was before wanting. Ibid. 1, 9. Ithan-
chefter] Vide Camdeni Brit. p. 310. Ed. mdcvii. Ibid. 1. 31.
63 3 . yeares fince.] Hence it appeareth that this Letter was
written in the year 157 j.

Vol. 5. d E Codice

XXVI E Codice MS. membraneo pe^es Antiquitatum
noftrarum egregium cultorem atque confcr-
vatorem Thomam Ra^linsonvmj
Arm. Medii Templi Londini Socium.
Here fueth the proper tees of the Sbyres flfEngekmd.
The propyrte of every fhyre
I fhal you telle, and ye will here.
Herefordfljire fheeld and fpere :
Worfeterjhire wryngpqre. ,
Glouceterjhire fho and nayle :
Bryftowe fhippe and fayle.
Oxenfordjhiregyrde the mare :
Warwykflfire bynde bere.
London refortere :
Sowtherey gret bragere.
Efex fill of good hofwyfes :
Middelfex ful of * ftryves.
Kent/hire hoot as fyre :
Sowfeks ful of dyrt and rhyre.
Hertford/hire ful of wode :
Huntyngdonjhire corn fill goode.
Bedford/hire is nought to lakke :
Bokynghamfhire is his maakke.
Northampton/hire frill of love
Benethe thegyrdyll and noth above.
Utncaftrefhire fayre ardiere:
Cheftrefhire f Thwakkere.
Northumbrelond hafty and hOot :
Weftmefhnd^tqxut Scotfe.
Torkfhire ful of * Kynghtys :
Lyntolnfhire men fill of myghtys.
Cambrygefhire ful of pykes :
Holond ful1 of grete dykes.
Northfdlk ful of wyles :
Southfblk fill of ftyles.
T am of Shropjhire my fhines be fliarpe :
Ley wode to the fyre, and dreffe me my harpe.
Notynghamfl.nre -'ful of hogges !:
Derbyjhire ful of dPgges.
* So in the MS. not fioynei, as I find it written in a loofe leaf of PapeM
(lying in the Boole) containing a modern Tranfcript of thefe Verfes. -j- So
in the MS. not The fik£fr, as in die faid Tranfcript, ± Sic. * Sic; > -
Leyceter-

Leyceterjhire ful of benys :
Stafford/hire fill of quehys.
a Wilkjhire fayre and playne :
Barkjhire fyll the wayne.
Hampjhire drye and were :
Somerjetjhire good for where.
Devenjhire myghty and ftronge :
Dorfete/hire wti. have no wronge.
b Pynnokfhire is not to prayfe :
A man may go it in to dayes;
Cornewayle c ful of tynne :
Walys full of goote- and kene.
That Lord that for us all dyde dye
Save all thefe fliires. Amen fay <l we

XXVII

E fchedula quadam ab amiciffimo pariter atque inte-
gerrimo Viro ThomA Ward, A.M. & Collegii
Orielensis focio, mecum communicata.
Out of an old Roll for praying for the Soul of Dame Lucy de
Ver Foundrefs of Renghzm Priory in Effex, An .x. Ric. I.
Titulus. Ecclefia Sli. Petri e Weftmonaftern.  Anima
Dominae Lucia Prioriffe de Hengeham, &c animas omnium
fidelium defunctorum, per Dei mifericordiam, requiefcant in
pace. Amen.
Concedimus ei commune beneficium Ecclefise noftrae.
Oravimus pro veftris, orate pro noftris.
$0° The faid Dame Lucy de Vere, who was the Wife of
Alberic de Vere (Earl of Oxford,) was the firft Pri-
orefs of this Place, and tho' the Priory was really built by
her Husband, yet fhe was ftyl'd Foundrefs not only upon
account of her Relation to him, but becaufe fhe affifled him
very much in carrying on the Foundation. She prov'd an
excellent Governefs, and was eminent for her great Judg
ment and Prudence; and as fhe gain'd upon the Aftedtions
of thofe that were more immediately under her car,e,fo by her
ftrict Devotion, exemplary Piety, wonderful Chaftiry, and her
large Benefactions and Contributions to divers other Places
fhe obtain'd the general Character oi" a truly virtuous, good
Woman,and for that reafon upon her Death fhe was mention'd
in the Prayers not only of the Church of Weftminfter but of a-
bove fifty other Churches, as appears from the faid Roll, where
a Sic. b Part of Gloucejlerfljire,! think, c So in the MS. not is fall,is in the
faid Tranfcript. d It Jhould be nthet I in the Singular, e Sic in ichedula.
Mr.

XXVIII Mr. W AiR D obferves the fame Words repeatec?above fifty
times, but conftantly written in a different Hand. Every one
of thefe Churches ftriv'd to outdo each other in fhewingthe
Refpedl they had to the memory of this Lady, which made
fome of them write Verfes upon the occafion, feveral of which
occur in the faid Roll, and are fubjoyn'd to the abovemen-
tion'd Certificate of their Declaration in her behalf. For to
one Copy are added :
Hac virgo vita mirtus fuper aftra loc J .
Et fie Lucise Lux fine fine d \
Tranfeit ad fuper os venerabilis hac moni S v.
Vix fuccedet ei virtutum munere t c
To another :
Ad Lucem Lucia venit fine fine man f
Et fie quem coluit Patrem videt Omnipot \
Luci Lucias pre ce Lux mediante Marias
Luceat aterna, quia floruit ut rofa verna.
To another :
Tres tibi gemm C \ lucent Lucia Cor f
Injuper aur \ j 'die let! a qua rati \
Mater virgo tC \ Mart ir fuit. ergo * luv f
Cernat adex \amenf diftriSi Judicis - <^«™n.
To another :
Subveniant anima Luciae ccelica quaque,
Ad quorum laudes \ -d apt His urna fuit.
To another :
Scandat ad aftra poli virgo Lucia beata,
gua Chrifto fo/i fuit in terris famulata.
To another :
Verax vita vid ie ditet Luce Lucia
In co?li propria cum virgine matre Maria.
To another :
Mors rapit omnia, funt quia fimpnia terrea quaque.
Nuda tuguria celfa palatia mors unit aque.
This Priory being dedicated to theB. Virgin Afary, and the
Holy Crofe, for that reafon upon the Roll is painted the Vir
gin Mary, and over her :
Stella Maris, candoris ebur, ffeculum paradyfi,
Fons venia, vita japua, virgo vale.
And for the fame reafon a large Crofs is painted upon the
fame Roll, and above it :
Crux bona, Crux dC . ") Lignum fuper omnia le .
Me tibi conf \^na fredimens a pefte mal \ '&**'

Sic in fchedula. Reponend. forfan, tcvamen. j l*ge, dapftlis
THE

THE
ITINERARY O F
JOHN LELAND
The A n t i q^u a r y,
Vol. V.
lO" The Number of Folios anlwering the Original
is put in the Margin.

a a, N°. D. bixji0. confummata eft ccclefia cum dor- Foi. 2.
/% mitorio, clauftro & refeilorio : expenfis in opera- *jaJl" Ab-
/" % tionibus oclo marcarum miUibus. ye-
/ _. Pinoke Welle a Mile from _. , .lr , .
-*- A Hayles in radicibus de Cotes- *«•*' Wd is countid
wolde to ^W Village, to Bw/m, and SJAS" °^ » S
fumwhat beneth Bw/n , rammith into hit theft of Tamfi Heddes-
a Water riling at Kenfela/e in Cotefwald, and thens to Hinch-
wike, wherabowt yt rennith undre the Grounde; thens to
Swelle Village by Stow ; from Swelle to Slawghter, and fo
into Burton Water.
Ther cummith a Water from the Partes of Rolriche, and fo
down not far from cheping Northton to Bruern, as I fuppofe.
Cumming from chiping Norton to Stow in the Wold abowt
the midde way is Adelfthorp and Horfe Bridge by wher is a
limes betwixt 
Market Townes in the Wolde of Gloceftrefhire.
Stow in the Wolde v. Miles from chipping <= Northton, and
vii. or viii. from Hey les ".
Camden a d vn. Northweft from Stow.
" The firfi Leaf is wanting not only in the Original, but likewife in Stowe and
Rnrton. b nj-i. ?,;. H. 8. [lege H- 3.] confummata eft B. e Norton a 7.
or 8. Miles to Herle B. d Mr. Stowe ikM* Miles,
Vol. y. A North-

x LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Northlache a vii. Miles from Stow [Towne] Southweft
from Stow almoft in the Wave from Stow to Ciceftre.
Ciceftre.Tetbiri. a cheltnam a Market Toun in the Vale [v. J Miles from
Hayles Abbaye. - fl
Glocefire ftandith on a Brooke that goith into Severne.
Fairford, wher Mr.' Tame dwellith, a vii. Miles from
t> Northlage. Ofwaldus primum infiituitCanonkos feculares apud Perfore,
Pofiea fuit ibidem chorus monachorum.
Rurjus Canonici indue! i.
Poftea monachiper Edgarum.
Elferus abfiulit pradia monachis.
Odda comes ejus fitius reftituit.
Monafterium conflagrairit dr a monachis defertum eft. ._
Monachi Weftmonafterienfes pradia ufetrpabant.
Wada comes attulit relliquias S. Edburgas, &per Ofwaldum
epifeopum Fulbrightus abbas induBus. t
Olney, alias Alney, about Deorhirft in Glocefter-Jhire. Deor-
hurft yet remainith in Gloceftre-Jhire as a Celle to Twekesbiri.
0
Scargate abouj: Severn fide repaired by Ethelfleda.
Al the way that I rode betwixt Hey les and Perjhore was
meately here and ther wooddid. But from Perfore to Wue-
slre, and thens almoft to Temhyri, was better wodid, and yet
in Vales and Sides of Hilles good Plenty of Corne. And as
for good Medows and Paftures in Wtceftre lakketh noone.
A ii. Myles a this fide Montgomeri in the Way thens to
Bis/hoppes Caftel is a River cumming owt of the vicine Hilles,
and is caullid Taidbrooke.. It rifit owt of an Hille Side within
a Mile of Bisfeoops Toune, and goith into Kemlet in the Vale
by Montgomery.
VUrdtM. Martine Poole, meately large and plentiful ofFifche, is in
a' faire Valle, and is iii. Miles from Montgomery, and ii.
Myles from chirberi Priori lately fuppreffid.
In the midde way betwyxt Bijhops Town and Montgomery
is a prety Rille ther devidinge CauSjfeand, a notable Part
of Shrojfljire from chirbirhe Hunderithe. This Caurjlandfutn-,
tyme longinge to the Duke of Buckyngham, croketh mervel-j
oully about the uppar Parts of Shrope-Jhire.]
Foi. 3. Offds Dike apperith manifeftly by the fpace of a ii. Miles
almoft in the midde waybetwixt Bhjhops Cafielle and Montgo
mery, and ther it is dn c one not very far from the Mote on
1: Cheltnom St. b Northton B. c Punfttt quatuof fajll one in B. fei
ut nos ctlidiniiis in ^iat. ir Stoveo. a Hille

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 3
a Hille Toppe as a limes betwixt Caufeland Lordfhip, or Mont
gomery and Herfordjhire, and again not far touchith a litle
in Shirbyri Handexith, and againe paffith a litle by Caurfiland.
1 hard alfo at Montgomery that Offa's Dike apperith fum-
what about Radenor, and againe within a iii. Myles ofOJweftre.
Cumming from Bisjhops Caftelle to clunne Lordlhippe cum- The faire
meth doune a greate Woode grouing pn a Hille, and under Foreft of
the Hille within a Mile and a half of Bisjhoppes Towne is a a'"u
Riveret caullid Onke, and rennith by this Wooddy Hille, and
a Quarter of a Mile a this fide from clunne a Caftelle clunne
rifith  and at b Lenterdine
cummith into Teme.
Bytwixt clunne and Knighton is a River caulid Cluideford,
that after a fmaulle Courfe of running cummeth into Teme.
Teme River at Knightton devideth there Melennith from
Clunne Lordlhippe.
Knighton, as 1 remembre, ftandith bytwixt ii. Rivers.
Teme cumming down from Knighton. «
Teme rifith in Melennith Hilles a v. or vi. Miles from
Knighton, halfe a Mile above a Chapel caullid, as I remembre,
Boftel. About half way bytwixt Knighton and New Radenor cum- r«W»;
mith Lugge owt of Melennith, and fo doHne to Prefteine a KJ}'&htm'
good Market Town therabout deviding the Lordfhip of Pre
ftein longging to the King, and Lug Harneis Lordfhip longg-
ing to the Baron of Burforde.
c Stepton-Ca&elle [on] Lug in Lug Harneis [longynge to Stepte-Ca-.
the Baron ofd Burford. I ftle-
At Preftein Towne and Market moft Part of the Cunteri
of Melennithe fetche their Corne.
Preftein. in Walfehe is caullid e LLanandrew.
The Walfehe Poole, a Market Toune, taketh Name of a
Poole therby, meatly large and plentiful of Fifche.
Montgomerike deflorifchid by Owen Glindour.
Radenor partely deftroied by Owen Glindour, and the Voice
is there that after he wonne the Caftel he tooke a iii. fcore
men that had' the Garde of the Caftel, and caufid them to
be heddid on the Brinke of the Caftel Yarde, and that fins a
certen Bloodeworth growith ther wher the Bloode was fhedde.
Ther is a Chapel at Radenor befide the Paroch Chirche in
the Chirch Yarde.
Radenor Wolle ys much praifid.
a CaftelJ cummithe into Clune. Clunne rifethe 
and at iTc. Stowe. b Tenterdine B. c Stepleton-Ci&le B. d Several Points
after Burford in B. e LLanandyaw Stone.
a a The

4 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Valey about Radenor is veri plentiful ofCorne and
Grefle, and the Valey ftreecith up one Way to Limfire.
Limfire offum is caullid in Walfehe, LLinlini, of Flex or
Hempe grouing therabout. But this is falfe. For it takith
" Name a leone.
The Vale of Radenor goith one way toward cheftre, and
a nother toward Shreusbiri.
Bi Old Radenor is an Hille caullid Pencrage.
Cumming from Radenor to the Hay I lefte Old Radenor
pn the lifts Hond fet on an Hille a ii. Miles from New
Radenor. At Old Radenor (as fum fay) wasons a Market
kepte. Ther is yet a very fair Chirch and welle fervid.
Within a ii. Myles from Radenor I cam over a Broke
caullid Wadele that goith into tag, and a Mile or ii.beyonde
• that I lefte HuntingdonrGaS&e a Mile on the lifte Hond. It
longgid to the Dulce of Bokingham.
A Mile or more beyond that I paflid at New-chirch over
Arow that goith to Limftre."'
Arow rifith not far from Glafcumbe, wher is a Chirchebut
few Houfes. Thens a good mile it cummkh to New-chirch,
and then thorough the lair Parke of Huntingdon Caftle.
. [A too Miles, or more, from New^churche . I faw pafsyngei
by  Paynes . . . . a good Mile of on the right hand.]
FoI a The Fery from A»fie m Gloceftrejhire to a Village on the
farther Ripe of Severn, not far from S. Tereudacus Chapel
yn the mouth of Wy Ry ver, is a iii. Myles over.
Venceland ys devidid into Low, Myddle,and Hy- The prin
cipal Towne of Low Venteland is Chepftpw a ii. Myles from
Severne Shoore. Sum fay that the old Name of this Towne is
Strigulia. Sum think that Strigulia fhould be fum' other Place,
becaufe that the Lord Herebert writeth hymfelf Lord of chep
ftow and Strigul, as of ii. diverfe Places. There appere a v. or
vi. Englifeh Myles from chepftow yn a great Wood Syde under
a Hille very notable Ruines of a Caftel cawlled Trogy, wherby
•runneth a lytle Broke of the fame Name. The Name of this
Caftel fumwhat cummeth to the Name of Strigulia, but it
ftandeth, as they fay ther, in Mydde Venceland.
The Towne of chepftow hath bene very ftrongly waulled
as yet welle doth appere. The Waulles began at the Ende
of the great Bridge over Wy, and fo cam to tiie Caftel,- the
which yet ftandeth fayr and flrong not far from the Ruin
of the Bridge. In the Caftel ys one Tower, as I hard fay,

a The fourth Leaf is left Blank. But inftead of that Mr. Stowe has inferted
(without any ^Authority from the Original) Mr. Leland's Obfervations about,
Ludlow, which I have printed {much more exactly than they are reprefented by
Stowe) in- foi. 178, 179. of the fecund Part of the Fourth. Vol. be

is

LELAND'S ITINERARY. y
be the Name of Longins. The Town now hath but one
Paroche Chirche. The Cella of a Blake Monke or two of
Bermundefey by London was lately there fuppreffed. A great
part of Cumpace withyn the Waulles is now converted to
litle Medowes and Gardens.
Cairguent in Bafe Venteland is a iiii. from Chepftow in the
way to cairlion. it. was fumtyme a fair and aiargeCyte.
The Places where the iiii. Gates was yet appere, and the
molt part of the Wal yet ftandeth, but al to minifchyd and
torne. In the lower Part of the Walle toward a lytle Valey
ftandeth yet the Ruine of a b ftronge. Within and abowt
the Waulle now be axvi. or xvii. fmaul Howfes for Husbond-
men of a new making, and a Paroche Chirche of S- Stephyn.
In the Towne yet appere Pavimentes of the old Streates, and
yn digging they finde Fundations of greate Brykes, TeffeUata
c pavimenta, dr numifmata argentea fimul <& area. A great
lykelyhod ys that when Cairguent began to decay then'began
Chepftow to florifch. For yt ftondeth far better as apon Wy
there ebbyng and flowyng by the Rage cummyng owt of Se
vern. So that to Chepftow may cum greate Shyppes.
Porteskewin, d as I lernid", is bytwixte chepftow and Cair
guent. Ther goith a Riveret to the Severn Se, and ther is one
of the Limites of the Lenght of Wales. The other is port-
Hoyger by Holihed in Anglefey.
' ' Tyntern Abbay iii. Myles from Chepftow abowt Wy Side
femeth to be in e Litle Venteland.
th
The Caftel of Calecoyd longging to the Kinge is in Bafe
Venteland toward the Severn Shore not far from Matthem.
At this Caftel, as fum fay, was King Henry the vii. begotten.
. Lan Vair a Caftel yn Bafe Venteland a ii. Myles almoft
North from Cairguent.
Matthem ys a preaty Pyle in Bafe Venteland longging to
the Bisfhop of Landafe.
The foyle of al Verit eland is of a darke reddifclie Yerth ful
of Slaty Stones, and other greater of the fame Color. The
Countery is alfo fumwhat Montayneus, and welle replenilhid
with Woodes, alfo very fertyle of Corne. but men there ftudy
more to Paftures the which be wel inclofed.
Myddle Venteland. Foi. 6.
Sum fay that Cair Lion fhould be in Bafe Venteland, fum
fay nay. The Welfthemen fay that Cair Lion is but viii. Myles
from chepftow. but in deade it may be counted xii. Englifth
a Miles addit B. b Here is a Word wanting, tho' there be no Vacancy in the1
Original. But Mr. Stowe and Mr. Burton have left a fmaU Space. ~ Monu-
menta ;'» B. perperam. d Defunt Ii. ." Bale Ventland B. Myles.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Myles. It ftondeth magnificently on the farther Side of
Wifehe, one of the principal Ryvers of South-Wales. So that
very great Shyppes might wel cum now to the Town, as they
did in the Romaynes Tyme, but that Newport Bridge is. a
Lette. Neverthelefs bygge Botes cummeth to the Towne.
The Ruines of the' Walles of the Town yet remayne, and
alfo of the Caftel. ?
Ther is opinion, that the olde Romatne Chirche was abowt
Mr. a  Houfe, where I lay. There in digging
, apperid certen paintinges on Stonis.
There were fownde a late by the Caftel certeyne paintid
Incruftamentes hard by the Caftel.
In the Towne is now but one Paroche Chirche, , and that
is of S. Cadocus.
Sum wold that Cairuske, otherwife caullid Brenbygey, fliould;
be the principal b Place'' of Mydle Venteland. The Caftel
ther hath bene great, ftronge and fair. The Town by femeth
not to have bene of any Renown. Ther was a late an Ab
bay ol Nunnes. Cairusk ftandeth on the farther fide ol Uskt
c. . . . Myles from Cair Lion.
The Ruines of Caftel Trogy within a JT^/&myleof,fum
part of Wyske Ryver, a vi. myles from Chepftow, and almoft
as much from Cairlion in the way to Monemuth.
The Caftel of d Trergreg a ii. myles from Cair Uske in Midr
die Venceland. Yt is otherwife communely cawlled Lankiij,
bycawfe it is in the Paroche of S, Kiby.
Newport is in Wentlugh a Myle and more by Foote Path
from Cairlion, and ftandeth on Uske, havyrig a prety ftronge
Town j but I marked not whyther y t were waulled or no.
There is a very fair Caftel longging fumtyme to the Bukkitg-
hams. But this great Lordfhip, as the Walfeh-Men fay, ys
no part of the iii. Vencelandes. yet it is cawlled in Walfih
th o
c Guentluge. Wherfore yt might in Defcription be welle
yoined with My ddle.Venteland. The Lordfhip of Newport be
likelyhod fhould ftrech to the Ry ver of Remny, limes Morgania.
At Goldchf a iii. Myles from Newport on the Severn fhore
was a Priory of Monkes of the French Ordre, fuppreffed, and
the Landes given to Eton College. ^i
Ragland yn Myddle Venceland ys a very fair and a pleafantl
^Abre
Caftel, viii. Myles from Chepftow and vii. from Burgeveney-

a This Vacancy is not fupply'd either by Stowe or Burton, b Deejl Stoveo.1
c Tne number of titles is alfo wanting in Stowe and Burton, d TrergretA.
Trergvey B. e Guentoge St. The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 7
The-Town by ysbare. Ther ly to goodly Parkes adjacent to
the Caftel.
Lanternham Abbay of White Monkes a ii. Myles from
Cairlion lately fuppreffed.
The hole Lordfhip of Abregeveney maketh the Cumpace
of Hye Venteland.
Abergeveney yt felf is a faire>waulled Town, meately welle
inhabited havyng  Paroch Chirch. Ther is a fair Ca
ftel. The Lord of '.Burgeveney ys. one of the auncyenteft Ba
rons of the Reualme. Foi. 7. vacat.
Munmouth. Munwey Cambrice. F<>1_ &
, Munmouth Town ys waulled, and ftandeth yn the Diocefe
oiHerford betwyxt iir Ryvers, Wy and Mono, of the which
yt takith Name. Of thes ii. Ryvers Wy to us ftandeth lower
and Move hyen Muro cingitur ea parte qua *fiumine -nov
defenditur, hoc eft a parte aquilonarij id eft a porta monachi
ca, & orientali ujque ad ipfam fere ripam Vagse. Sed jam pr/e
fenio, muro fatifiente, pars magna praftdii collapfa eft, manen-
tibus tamen adhuc magnis ruixis, ,dr foffa alta. Rurjus a
porta monachica murus ad occidentalem partem Monse flu.
protenditur. Porta in muro 4-or. videlicet monachica, orientalis,
Vagenfis, a Vagayfr didla, Monenfis, a. Mom flu. quia
fuper pontem per quem Mona tranfitur pofita eft. Ultra quem
pontem Juburbium eft in Dioeceft Landavenfi, ubi olim erat
f parochialis S. Thomx facra, nunc JaceUum tantum eidem
dicatum. In oppido parochialis ecclefia tantum una, qua contigua
eflccenobio monachorum Benedictinorum. Caftellum vetus prdpe
forum in coUiculo fitum, ubi Henricus 5-. natus eft. Saltus Da-
nubienfis dr provincia Claudiana fob ponte Vagenfi a Mona
oppido difterminantur. Mona liberum oppidum, ditionis Lu-
nenfis, nec adjacentis provincia imperils fubjacet .Suburbia omnia
Moose,, nifi ea parte qua fluminibus tutantur, altijjima foffa
cinguntur. Troia antiqua fides Herebertorum plus minus quin-
gentis pajfibus a Monas fuburbio diftat. Extra portam aquilo-
narem, i. e, monachicam, eft Herchenfeld, i. e. Campus Eri-
naceus., regiuncula comitem Salapienfem dominum agnofeens.
Tintern cosnobium Bamardinorum in ulteriori ripa Vagse
quinque paffuum millibus diftans a Mona. ,
The Rokkes in North-Wales cawlled Venetia beyng very
hy, bare, and white, may properly be cawlled in Latine
Alpes 4= Veneta.
Sic ^Antogr. fed fluminibus tantummodo in Stoveo atque Burtono.
f ^Adde ecclefia. • £ Venetia: B.
The

8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Foi. j., The Water of Severne curwpafeth more then one half of
Guenteland. Wye alio a very great and famofe Ryver pafleth thorough
Vent land, and at S. Terendakes Chapel entereth' ynto Severn. „
Other fmawl Brokelettes in Baje Venteland cummeth
ynto Wy.
Whisk River toucheth late per mediant Ventaniam, and ys
as a terminus to Breknokfhire.
aGeveny rifith  . . ."
Remeney is as a limes to Myddle Venteland and Glamorgan*
flj'tre. Caflelles in Monemuth Lordfhip.
Monemuth, the Kinges, fuffltyme of LaHcaftre Dition. Ske-
n. .r . „ r fir'd Caftel on the Ryver of Money & iii.
Money River nfingm Ewef- -^ Moneniuth. White Caftel 'a iiii.
land getethapretybotom at M . fr M6nemuth, and a Myle"
TV*™*, aGentilmansPlace fro>m ^ Riyer G^_^ Caftel
ax. myles from Monemuth, & zy M[es tiotti M<memutb not far
tandem non procul aburbe Jut fro„ the Ripe of M Qui partes
nomimsVagzm petit. cina hac ca^gUa hahiUnt n0Xies Mo-
nam mittunt.
Herchinfeld is a great Lordflrip longging to the Erie of
Shrewisbiry, and lieth betWyxt Monemuth and Htrford, a-
bowt a ii. Myles from eche of them. On the one fideoA
luitur Slzgafltt.
Gatan fuviolus rifeth yn a Wood cawlled- the Grege a
b vi. from Monemuth by North- Weft, as a Husband^Maa
told me, and goeth into Wye.
They cary their Prifoners to Cafiel Goderyce Cumwhat oW
of Erchynfeld, but longging to the Erie of Shrewsbyri.
Gentylmen cawlled Minos be great Pofleflbrs yn Erchynfeld.
The Caftel of Kilpei by Herchenfeld belongging to th?
Erie of Qrmond.
Erchenfeld is full of Enclofures c very of Come and Wood.
Cummyhge from Monemuthe <* into Herford I pafied over
a large Bridge of Stone fet on iiii. Arches. This Town is
auncient, large and ftrongely walled, alfo having a mayne
Caftel hard by the Ripe of Wy. I take the Caftel to be of
as great Circuite as Windefete. The Dongyn of the Caftel is
hy and ftronge, and yn the Dyke not far from yt is a fair
Spring cawlled S. Ethelbertes Well. Withyn the Caftel of
Hereford yn digging hath ben found non gigantea, infelita
tamen, magmtudink offai and hard by in tipa Vagas dfftdtiii
'- - ¦ . - . - ¦ "-
a Sic etiam in St. fed omifit B. b ~4dde Miles cuni St. £r B. c SicJhit.
fed full addend, cum St. vel potius plentiful cum B. d To in St. &B. alluvions

LELAND'S ITINERARY. o
alluvion* apparent in ripa eyufdem magnitudinis offa. The
Walle of the Towne is cumpafed With a Dike alway filled With
IVlorifch Water gethering and defcertding onto hyt. Certen
My lies fervid with this Water cauferh the ToWrt Dikes alWay
to have Water, els they, Wold often be dry. This Water re-
forteth to the Botom of Wy. Ther be in the Towne iiii. Pa
roche Chyrches. [ a One of them is yn the Cathedral Chirch.]
wherof certeyne be very fair, bcfide the Cathedral Chirche,
the which is Of a very ftrOng Building.S. Ethelbright fnartyred,
as fum fay, at Mar den b"a . . . Myles owt of the ToWn, not
vetyfar from the Rtrines Of Suiion, wher yt" isfuppofedthat
Off a lay, but I c think rather that is Palace was at Kenkeftre,
tf Was- buried in the ' Cathedral Chirche, but fyns that the
Walfihmen deftroied the Town in King Edward the Con-
fijfitr*s Tyme his Reliques have not bene fene ther. S. Tho
mas de Cantoluptf Epus Herefor. lieth at- this Tyme in the
dyrcfarych'ely flirined. Ther be in the Suburbes ii. Paroche
CMreheS, a Celle of Blak Monkes longing to Glocefter Abbay,
e utroque in fuburbiis
ii. Hbufes Of Frere's Blak and Gray. Sum fay that the Town
tooke the Name that yt hath now of an Old Forde or Paflage
over Wy, not far from the Caftel. Sum fay that y t was cawlled
ternlege or otherwife Fernhil. and the Place Wher the Ca- *Saitm f-
thedral Chirch is now was fumtyme a Chapel of our Lady l^"'.zs^f
cawlled our Lady Chapel ^Feffllege. Taylor/*™
Abbay s in Herefbrdfhire. Foi. 10.
A' Priory or Celle or Blak Munkes longging to theHowfq
of Glocefier in the Suburbes Of Hereford.
Lynibrike a Place of Nunnes Withyn ii. Myles of Wygmore,
in the Marches betwixt Herfordjhire and Shrewisbiry-Jhire.
WigfAore a great Abbay of White Cbanons within a Myle
of Wygpiore Town and Caftel, in the Marche Ground to
ward Sbreuisbiry-Jhire.
Fev'Meg^e fumtyme a Religius Howfe of Freres fuppreffed
olim, and the Landes given to Wygmore and Lynebroke. Mor
timers Eries~of the Marches were Founders of Wygmore, Lyne-

Acornbyri, a Howfe of Nunnes f iii. from Hereford now
fyppreffed. Leonmynftre a Celleto Reading g Blak Menkes on the Ry
ver of Lug Vii. Myles from Hereford.
a Thefe Wbrds, that I have inch fed, are plac'd over the Line in the Original.
b A Myle in St. and- Is. s ThhllUrl^. |>* is put in the M-arg. of the Orig.
d And was B. e Voces- fupra Un. defunt in St. In B. autent-ftc legimus, Black
and Grey in fuburbiis. Some fayc ire f ^idde Myles cum St. ir B. g Of
Black B. * Mons filicis B.
i Vol. j. B Worrnefley

id LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Wormefley a Houfe of Blak Chanons v. Myles from Here
ford in a Wooddy Cuntery.
Monemuth Priory of the French Order in the Diocefe of
a Herfordjhire fuppfeffed.
t „ r\~^r- »,„» „^r j„ ¦D^*' m E^ Land a great Houfe
„I^ti_P10Ce^ of Whyt Monkes fuppreffed. and ther-
Herfordjhtre. by ranneth a Broke ca^Ued Worme. .
^ River goith thorough al Herfordfhire, by Bradwardm
Caftel of Syr Richard Vehans, to Hereford, viii. Myles to
Rfl^e a Market Towne in Herfordjhire.
In ^ River be Umbers, otherwife Gray tinges, yn Walfih,
b as I remembre", cawllid « Caugin.
Lug. rifith hard by Melennith, and nere a Chapel. of owr
Lady of Pylale, and fo to Prefton a Market Towne a ix,
Myles, to Leonmynftre a Market Town vii. myles, to Morde-
ford a vii. Myles bfiand fother ynto Wy d iii. beneth Herford^
Fromey a byg Broke, e fumtyme raging", cummeth by
Bromyard, fas I remembre", and fo ynto Lug, and abowt
yt be very good Paftures.
Leonmynftre alluitur tribus fluviolis, Lugia, g Pinfelo, ter
tii nominis non memini. Lugia parte oppidi inferiori utrumqtu
in fe recipit. Pinfelus paucis ab oppido paff. miUibus oritur.
Arow River goeth fumwhat nere Leonmynslre Town, but
not thorowgh yt.
Arow rifith betwyxt Eluethland and Melenithland , and
thens goeth by Old Radenor, and by Huntingdon, fumtyme a
Lordfh. of the Duke of Bokingham's, and at the lafte cum
meth ynto Lug half a Myle beneth Leonmynftre.
The Ryveret that cummeth by New Radenor is cawlled
SomergiUeh Oney. One told meThatOwey cam i fumwhat toward Ludlt-
ward, but I dowte of that. — Syns I lernid that Oney cam
into Teme about Bromfeld a Celle by Ludlo. — The Dwellers,
of the Towne fay conftantly That Oney cummeth not by
Radenor. Of furety ii. Brokes cum by Ludlo yn Shrewisbiri-Jhire,

a ~Sftcr Herfordfhire are added in Mr. Stowe, but not in the Shire, whicb
Words are plac'd in the Marg. of the Original as belonging to Dour, jufl a J
have putlijh'd ihem. But they are altogether omitted in B. b Defunt B. c Cay-
tas St. d ^Aide Miles cum B. e Defunt St. / Defunt B. g Supra Pinfelo
in vSutogr. fcribitur Pinfulley, e)r Kenbroke fupra tertii, ab cad. m. In Stoveo
autem fie legitur, Lugia, Pinfe Pinfulley, tertii hominis &c. In Burtono,
Lugia, Pinfela, et  Lugia parte ire. h St alfi Mr. Stove
writ it at firft ; but he afterwards flrucl^ out Oney. Mr. Burton alters it thai :
is called Oney or SomergiUe. One tould &c. i Somewhat Ludlowt-vtvci t.
that

LELAND'S ITINERARY. n
that is to fay Temde, and Corne. Temde cummeth ynto Severn alias Tem-
betWyt Powik and Wykcefire. mys.
The Town of Ludlo is very propre, welle walled and
gated, and ftandeth every way eminent from a Botom. In
the Side of the Town as a Peace of the Enclofing of the
Walle is a fair Caftel. Withyn the Town even yn the mydle
is one Paroch Chyrch. Withowt the Waulles be aliquot Sa-
colla. and ii. Howfes of Freres Auguftines and Carmelites.
Among other Gates of the Town ther is Corne-Gate and Gal-
ford-Gate. The Bisfhop of Hereforde hath a Caftel of good ftrenketh
yn the Marches toward Shreuisbyri-Jhire cawlled BisJhopsCaftel,
and ther to lieth a Town cawlled Bisjhopes Town, wher is
Wekely a very good Market. Foi. n.vacat.
.Abbais and Prioris ;»ySouth-Walis. Foi. 12.
At Chepftow a litle Priori aliquot monachorum BenedicJino-
rum a Celle to Bermundefey at London.
Tintame an Abbay of White Monkes on the Ripe of Wy,
about a v. Miles from chepftow.
Monemouth a Priori of Blake Monkes.
Abregeveni a Priori of Blake Monkes of the French Ordre.
Hamelinus de Bar ham, a Norman, was Founder there. It
ftoode a late by the Eft Gate in the Suburbe.
Uske a Priory of Nunnes at Cair Uske on the River fide a
flite Shot from the Caftel. It is a v. Miles upward on the
River from Cairlleon-
. Grace of Dew an Abbay of White Monkes ftonding' in a
Wood and having a Rille running by hit. Veri good Pa-
ftures be about this Place. It ftondith bytwixt Wisk and
Raglande iii. Miles from Cairwisk and iiii. from Raglande.
LLantamam Abbay of White Monkes ftonding in a Wood
iii. Miles from Cairlleon.
Wenny a iii. Miles from Cowbridge a. Celle longging to
Gloceftre Abbaye foundid by Syr Jo. Loudres Lord of Ogmore
Caftel * by
Morgan an Abbay of White Monkes wher was a veri large
and fair Chirch. It ftondith toward the Se in the midde way
almoft betwixt Cowbridge and Nethe.
Neth Abbay of White Monkes a Mile above Neth Town,
ftanding alfo in the Ripe of Neth. It femid to me the faireft
Abbay of al Wales.
Kidwelly a Priori of Blake Monkes containing the hedde
* So in the Orig. Nor is it fufpty'd by Mr. St. Mr. B. leaves out the word by.
B a Paroche

12

i/lontaine.

Foi. 13,

FanumClara.

* Longo-
comum.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Paroche Chirch of the Town. It is a Celle to Shirburne Ab*
bay in Dorfetjhire.
Ca\rmardinp a Priori of Blake Chanons ftanding in old
C'^irm.ardm on the River fjdf-
S. Cleres vii. Miles frpm Cairmardiue was a- Jitle Monafteri
fuppreflid and given tp Alfoulen-College in Oxford.
a Tegtfin ar Taue an Abbay of White Monkes a x. Miles
from Cairmerdine.
Ther Was b Gdle of the Order of Monkes of S. Dogmaels
in Caldey Ifland now fuppreflid. -
Penbrooke a Celle of Monkes longging to S. A'.banes Mo-
naftery. At Arforde Weft a Priori of Chanons
Pitte, otherwife Pille Rofe, a Houfe of Monkes of S, Dog
maels Order, ftanding in Rofe Contery iiii. Miles above Ar*
ford Weft apon the farther {We of the Haven of My If or d.
The Priori of Bonhomes caullid S. Dogmaels.
Ther is a Priori in Cardigan Toune, but in hit was but a ii.
Religiofe Menne Blak Monkes. It ftondith yet , and is a
Celle onto Chertefey.
LLeyr
c LLan clere a Nunnery of White Nunnes in Cairdigan-
e
Jhire apon the Brook of <* Ayr on. It was a Celle of Stratflur^
and ftoode from Stratflere x. Miles in the Hy-Way to Cairdi.
gan. The Village hard by it is caullid Talefarne Greene.
Stratefiure an Abbay of White Monkes on Tine.
Aber Ayr on is a iii. Miles beneth LLanclere, and ther he
goith into the Maine- Peraventure LLeuys Morganne the
Earth was deceivid in this, taking it for Neupert. Avren
rifith in a Montaine by a Chapel caullid Blaine Pennial. This
Chapel longith to LLandewibrevi, but it is in Cairdiganjhirt
over Tyne a iii. or iiii. Myles from Tyn? Ripe.
Talley a Priory of White Chanons, a iiii. Mies from Aber-
marleys, a Caftel of Sir Rhefe ap, Thomas almoft ftanding in
the midde way almoft betwixt Brekenok and Cairmardme.
« Comehere an Abbay of White Monkes ftondjth betwixt
ii. great Hilles in Melennith in a Botom wher rennith a fide
Brooke. It is a vii. Miles from Knighton. The firft Founda
tion was made by Cadwathehn ap Madok for lx Monkes.
No Chirch in Wales is feene of fuchLenght as theFundation
of Walles ther begondoth ihowj but the third part of this
Worke was never finifchid. Al the Howfe was fpoilid and
defacid be Qwen Glindour.
a V. infra f. 23. b A. Celle St. e LLanlleyr, abfque Clere, in St.LLan Clere,-
or LLeire,<» B. d Aeron &.Ayeron B. e Conehere St. * Deefi in St. ir B.
CluvKtk

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 13
Clunnok Vaur a Monafteri fumtime of White Monkes fup
preflid many Yeres ago. But the Original of this Monafteri
was by S. Benow, of whom mention is made in S. Wenefrides
Life. The Whit Monkes were of a newer Fundation. Gui-
thin, Uncle to one of the Princes of North-Wales, was the
firft Giver of clunnok Village and Place to Bennow. The
Chirch that is now ther with Croffe lfles is almoft as bigge
as S. Davides, but it is of a new Worke. The old Chirch
wher S. Bennow liyth is hard by the new.
This clunnok ftondith almoft on the Shore of the Maine
Se a x.Miles above Cair Arvon toward the Counteri of LLine.
a At the
Matravel Caftel in Poifland, wher, as fiim fai, was one of
the Princes Palaces of Walls as for the Prince of Poifland.
b In thefe Deyes in Mone wher they digge Turves be founde
greate Rootes of Trees that ferve Men for Wood. For after
the Trees wer cut doune fogging Yerth and Mofle over-
coverid them, and now the fame Yerth parid away for Turves
the old mayne Rootes appere.
Likewife at Low Water about al the fhores of both Shores
of Aberdein and <= Towen Merioneth appere like Rootes of
Trees Ther is in Mone as right againe 2*#e«Tounne inX,L«je,that
is a Kenning of, a litle Ifle caullid Saint! Dunwen, a Womam
and in this Ble is the Chirch of S. Dunwen. This Ifle is veri
fertile of Cunnies, and hath ii. fair Welles. Ther is now a
litle Balk of Sand eaft up , the wich at low Waters prohi-
bitith the Se to cum about.
This Ifle is a ii. Mile from Heneroffir.
Ther is by Conwey on the hither fide of Conway Water an
Arme like a Peninfetla, caullid Gogarth, liying againft Prefe
tholme, and ther be the Ruines of a Place of the Bisfhopsof
Bangor. Rayder the chefe Village of Melennith, and Wy River ryn- Foi. 1^.
neth by hit. Foi if. vacat.
r Commod Confild. Foi. 16.
d Cantred Tetingel •£ Commod Preftatum.
£ Commod e Syndela.
a Thefe two Words are left out in St. In B. they are joyn'd with the preceding
$. thus, of LLine ..... at the  A In iheDepes
B. c Towne of Merionith B. d Defunt omnia in B. ufque ad foi. 22. ubi
de CafleUit in agro Caermardenfi agitur. e- So alfo in Stowe. But a- Line is
drawn under the Word in his Copy, and fome hter Hand- has written Ruchlan over
againft it. Bern-

»+

Cantreth Ufton
douer doe.
Cantreft May-
lor.

il

LELAND'S ITINERARY. rClud Comm. Coleyan.
Cantreft DiffiftK Comm. » Ricihyn.
CComm. LLamerth.
rComm. Eftrad. -
Bernedwlade V^^__-K1" -<Comm. Huethalet.
r;Comm. lfalet.
rComm. Hueth Dulas.
Cantreft Roft. J Comm. lfdulas.
£Comm. Crendin.
Comm. Eftradelun.
Comm. Hobeum.
Comm. Yael.
("Comm. Merforl-
X u
j Comm. b Unknan.
£ Comm. Mailor Sayfheg.
rComm. Trefwery.
J Comm. Crohefofwold.
PowisMadoc. ^> £Comm. Trendrion.
rComm. Vehendre.
J Comm. Kinlleit.
£Comm. Huchraedre.
rComm. Dynnael.
J Comm. Edeynaun.
£Comm. Ghndeverdo,
C coite
J Comm. cHuchcodde.
{Comm. Hifcodoe.
("Comm. Hifraeder.
< Comm. Sendorc.
CComm. LLanherch hudul.
Comm. Meycheyn.
Comm. Eflrat Marchel.

Cantreft.

Cantreft.

Cantreft.

PowisMenon wyn.

Cantreft rofcly.
Cantrede.

Al-

Cantreft.

Cantreft. Cantreft.

Mone.

Comm. d Kereynaun.
J Comm. Huchanes.
I Comm. Iflianes.
r Comm. Keveilang.
\ Comm. Madoc.
Cantreft Aber- f Comm HurchLywan.
fraw. i Comm. Illy wan.
i-dnrrefl- J Comm. Turkelin.
f Gantrelt. ^Comm. Talebolleen.

a 'Tis arretted Ritibyn in St. b Unknan only in St.
i The u written over the Line is omitted by St.

c Huch coddcote St.
Cantrefe

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

»f

Snawdune

= Rung guy
x Hauren

Cairdigeaun.

Cantrefe.
1 Cantreft Arler
lechwet.
Cantreft Dy-
nody.
Cantref Mey-
ronith.
Cantref LLeyn
CantrefPenlUn
Cantref Arvon
Cantref. Cantref Mele-
nild.
Cantref Elu-
ael.

< Comm.
(.Comm. fComm.
I Comm.
fComm.
"\ Comm.
rComm.

I

Comm.
rComm.
.J Comm.
{Comm. rComm.
J Comm.
{Comm.
j Comm
j Comm.
fComm.
X Comm.
rComm.
<Comm. {Comm. Comm.
Comm. Comm.Comm.
* Cantref Penwe- f £omm-

aDiudaethne. Meney. Huchaf.
Hishaf. Eydonid.
Ardudue. Eftimanueirg. * Tale
Titelebont. Ermayn.
Diullaen. Ganelogyon. Huchmeloc.
Hifmeloch.
Nanconoe.
Huchgurvey. Aifgurvei.
Guerchumeauc Kery.
Soededugre. Soedmiethon.
Soedriwalt Huchmenith.His Menith.
Dyfrynfedat.
Loechifunt.

dith.

Cantref.

Cantref. Cantref.

T

Eftratewy

Cantref Va-
chan.

< Comm.
{Comm.f Comm.
< Comm.
{Comm. Pennarth.
{Comm. Malwy.
Comm. Caer Wedraus.
f Comm. Guynenun.
jComm. Hifcoed.
Comm. Hyrurgyn. u
(Comm. d Pei neth.
Comm. Hiskenne.

Foi. 17.'

n Sic in -Aut. Diuerdaethne St.
St. d Perneth St.

It Tale fupra I'm. omift St. c Rung goe
Eftratewy

16

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

Eftratewy

Cantref

Cantref Vaur

Cantref Selif
Cantref Talga-
Breheienauc > rith

rComm. Goer.
<Comm. Kedewely.
C Comm. Carnwatllan.
rComm. Mallaen.
Comm. Cayan.
Comm. Maenaurtheilum.
Comm. Ketheynangt.
Comm. Mabelnyc.
Comm. Mabudride.
_Comm. Wirhigada.
J Comm. Catre fehf.
IComm. Commod.
CComm. Talgarith.
< Comm. Eftradewy.
{Comm. Crughowel.
rComm. LLowel.
Cantref Thendo 2 Comm. Tireraulf.
{Comm. Eglu<chieil.

Deneta

fComm. Huchneuer.
tComm. Hifheuer.
<-*¦,«+«* H~,ilin f Comm. Huchcuth.
Cantref Hcnlha <> Cbmm Hifcuth.
Comm. Deilis aPenryn
Comm! Efcholoef.
'Comm. Talegarne.
iComm. Aingoeth.
Comm. Plymynanges.
Comm. Ebelfre.
{Comm. LLanhudein.
Gowm. Caftel Gnys.
f"Comm. Coedraht.
Cantref Penryne -^ Comm, Maenaurbirt.
CComm. Penbro.
Comm. Haueuford.

Cantref Kemis

Cantref Guentha-

Cantref

Cantref Ros

Cantref Eebidi-
aug

Cantref Gorue-
nith

luiey
I Comm.Caftel a Walwine
Comm. Caftel GarnV '
{Comm. Munwe.
Comm. Penkaer.
'Comm. Rhungneth a
Thawe.
J Comm. Mrhundrel.
yComm. Rhangnettr at
Avon,

a Walluiey St.

Comm.

Morgannog

LELAND'S ITINERARY. JJ[
(Comm. Miriarle
Comm. Coitif.
Comm. [Meanorgle] Q--,
. g»r-
r Comm. Meyskyn. Foi. « 8.
C Comm.MeanaurRutbiFn.
f" Comm. Yrtheid.
LComm.Reniet.
Cantref Ewein- J Cornm. jtdelegon
lORe - fVimm T-T.?»Hyio*.

j Comm. Hettaaf .
Corhm. Rennith.
tComm.Senghenethhuch.
r Comm. JKcoed.
__<_* <gsg_ss»- {Comm.Leuynit. .
rComm. HuchcoeoV
Cantref Guent 1 Comm. Menith.
{Comm. Tektref,
Cantref Ergyn.
Cantref Goth.
Foi. i o, io, a i . vacant.
Markettes in Cairmardinlhire. pol. „:

Caimardine.

Caftelles in Cairmerdinlhire.
Cairmardine.New Caftel, alias bi the old Name Elmelin, almoft on the
very Banke of Tyne, but in Cairmardinjhir, repairid or new
buildid by Syr Rhefe ap Thomas. In this Lordfhip of Elmelin
is other litle fair Building. Ther is a htle Foreft by Elmelin%
and a Park was ther ons palid.
Clare Caftel Ruines hard by Saint Cleres Chirch vi. or vri.
Miles from Cairmairdin.
LLanftufan in Oftio Tevii flu. Tale L
* Lacharne in Hoftio Taua flu. Taua a htle lower goith harne
into Tewe. It longid fumtime to the Erie of Northumbreland.
* Latharne B.
Vol. f. C » Loke

$ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
a Loke here about* for; JLanamdeueri Caftel".
For Dineuer, Caftel apon Tewi on the fame fide of Te wi that
Chirmardine-fhire is;. Here was fumtime along ftreat, now ru-
inus. For b. Dry fin, Caftel apon Tewi on the fame Ripe that Di-
>,
never is ) cDriflloyn.> Urfeinexplicabilis. lloyn a Bufch ".
.{JSierikennetiA "iii- Miles from Dineuer at the Roote of Blake
Mo'ntaine.,:i
Foi. 23. Abbais and Priories in Cairmardinfhire.
Cairmariln Priori of Blake Chanons. down.
d Tegttina^Tdue- Barnardines. yet ftondeth.
« Talley Priory. White Chanons.
The Collegiate Chirch of  was tranflatid to
Abreguili for' vitiating of a Maide, the Canons being killid
orffeing1 foijhit.'? '' :" ••¦¦•... - ;
Mberguili % Collegiate Chirche of xx. Prebendes or mo
longging td S. David's. And this is a Lordefhip of the
Bisfhop of S. David, lying amonge other Lordfhippes in
f VaUis e
Diffrin Towe.
g LLandilavar a Lordfhip of the Bisfhops of S- David a
Mile from Dinevor on the fame fide of, the River that Dine-
vor is, but a Mle above it ". 0 ,
Rivers in Cairmardinefhire.
*.¦-.'"¦ j '¦
h Giraldus
Tewi rifith in the Montaines of Elennith, -and cumming
thens partith Cantermaur and Canternehan by Laneneri, by
i Dinevor, by Cairmardin, and by Landiftufan Caftel into
the Se. k Giraldus 1 BaffeUe
Taua rifith in the -Montaines of Preffelen not far from
m Teguin ar Taue, by' the which' it cummith, and fo by S,
Clares, and not far from Abercorran and Talacharne it goith
into the Se. n I hardons that it rifith in aMontaine caullid
Wrenne o Vaur" a iiii. Miles from Cairdigeon.
a Defunt B. b Druilin B. c Defunt St. 7« B. autem Drifloine, (omijfis
lie fupra lin.) Diris ejv. legitur. . d Sic in ^iut. Teguinar Tune in Stoveo ;
ir Teguin or Tiwew Biirtono. ^At 'infra Teguinar Tane habet Stoveus, &
. Teguinar Taue Burtonus. Vera lelfio Twy Gwin ar Taf, i. e. Domus alba
_ad Taf fiumen, uti monuit Camdenus Brit. p. ;or. ^Cttttltl or f^UIC
etliiit Vir erudiius T. Tannerus Nor. Hon. p. 275-. V. fupra /. 12. e Tilly B.
f Vocem vallisfc ir literam c,, fupra lin. omifttunt St. ir B. g Deefi hac Scffio in
St. h Decjl Giraldus in B. (Divenorfi. /^Giraldus omifemnt St.ir B. / Deefi
Baffelle m St. w Vide paullo piperita." n Defunt ufquc ad Cowe in St. 0 Deefi
Vaur in B. CO^e

LELAND'S ITINERARY. f9
Cowe Riveret lunneth almoft in the1 mjddel way bytwyxt
Cairmardin and S. Clares.
» 1 lernid ons that; Kennenn Riveret rifith in Blake Mon-
taine and goith into Tewi about Dinever.
Kidwely, _ofherwife b Cathweli, i. e. Cattijetlus, quia _?*««* t0L-^
olim folebat ibi ledum in quercu facere, aliasylegi Cadweii.
Ther is a litle Toune now but newly made: feetwene Ven-
draith Vaure and Guendraith Vehan Rivers but hard apon Ven-
draith Vehan. Vendraith Vaur is half a Mile.of._- ¦ \- <ho
Ther is betwixt New Kidwelly and the Old but a ¦ Bridge
over litle Wendratth. The old Toun is .pretily waullid,, and
hath hard by the Waul a Caftel. The old -,.
Town is nereal defolacid, but the Ca-r I law, ther iii. Gates, and
ftel is meately wel kept up. , Itlonggid .over one of them was the
to the Duke of Lancaflre. In the new- Ruine of a fair Toun Haul,
Toune is onely a Chirch of our Ladi, and under a Prifon.
and by is the Celle of Blake Monkes of A Peace of the New Toune
Shirburne. Ther the Prior is Parfon of : i was -lateli humid.
our Ladi Chirch. The New Toune is three
The Caftel is veri fair and doble times as bigge as the old.
waullid. Sins the Haven [of] Ven-
c The Seflouith by Vendreth Vehan draith Ve[han] decaied, the
flouith apon half a Mile above theTown New Toune is fore decaied.
of Kidwelly. Cairmardine [ha]th increfid
Bothe Wendreth Vaur and Vehan goith fins Kidweli Havin decaied.
into the Se about a Mile beneth the . \.,e.  el,, as I remem-
d Toune al only a litle Nefeh of Sand bre, Alice of Lon .... wife
deviding their Mouthes. to one of the Dukes of Lan-
Ther lieth a long on eche fide of caftre lay in the Caftel, and
Wendreth Vaur Pittes,wher Menne digge . did a .Reparation on hit.
Se Cole. . . Reparation was done on the
At LLanelthle, a Village of Kidwetti . Caftel againe the Cumming
Lordfhip, a vr. Miles from Kidwelli, the of King Henry the vii. into
Inhabitans digge Coles, elles fcant in Wencelande.
Kidwelly Land.
Ther be ii. Maner of. dies Coles. Ring Coles for Smith
be blowid and waterid.
Stones Coles be fumtime waterid, but never blowen. For
blowing f extinguifhit them.
a Dceff hac §. in St. b S'c in „4v.t . Cathgweli St. Cathgueli B. <• The
Se flowithe by Vendreth Vehan above [/. about] halfe a Myle above the
Towne of KJdwelly St. d Towne, and a litle Nelch of Sande divideth their
MoUthes B. e What foilo-KS :n the lA.aTf.ia is wanting in St. The broken Words
at the beginning are that fill'4 up in Burton : Alices dc Londres Wife to
one of &c. f Ext'-npuifneth the Heate St.
Ca So

4o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
So that* VendwithVaur Coles be Stone Coles; LLanethle
Coles Ring Colis.
-In Kidwelli is litle Wood, but in the very litle Foreft of
Kidwelli within aMle of the Town on Vendrath Vehan.
Lochor River partith Kidwelli from Weft Gower Lande.
Penbre a litle Lordfhip longging to Kidwelli Lande ii. Miles
from Kidwelli by South Eft liyng.
The Foreland bytwixt thePbintes of the Mouthys of Ven-
draethis is eakillid Calicot, and this Part of Kidwely Land
berith the bed Woolle of Hye Wdlys.
Toward the Se Side in Kidwelli Land is good Corne.
Foi. it. - Etieminge Commote hath no notable Caftel or goodly
Building or Toune, and was in King a ..... the ....
Dayesamere Membre of Kidwelli Lordfhip, but Syr Griffin
l> Nicolas, Graundfather to Syr Rhefe ap Thomas, did by Poure
fumwhat fever them to take Juftice at Cairmardine and nat
at Kidwelly. thi
c carnolton Commothhath nother Caftel nor good Tounne.
LLanelthleis in this Commote. So that yn al Kidwelly Land
be iii. Commotes, Kidwely, Eskenning and Camolthlon.
Eskenning and Carnolthton be Names of Commotes, not
of Tounnes or Villages.
Vendraith Vaur and Vendraith Vehan rifith both in Esken-
' ning Commote, the lefle an eight Milys of from Kidwelli,
the other about ax. and hath but a litle Nefche of Sand be
twixt the Places' wher thei go into the Se.
Vendraith Vehan iii one Place cummith within iii. Miles
of Cadirmardin. Nother of the Vendraithes cummith to ani
notable Place but to Kidwelli.
The next great Streme that cummith more Southerly into
the Severn Se is Lochor, and that I did well perceive at the
Mouth of Vendraithis. Lochor devidith Gower-Land from
Kidwelli Lordfhip. e
The next River by Weft to Vendraithes is d Towe, that at
LLanftufan Caftel a iii. Miles of cummith into the Severn Se.
The Severn Se at fill Water betith on the Point of LLan
ftufan. At low Water it is ii. good Miles of. At ful Se Taw
femith to cumme as it were to the mouth of Towe River.
* Vendrath Vaur St. Vendrith V_ur B. a Mr. Leland had firft written
Edwarde the fourthes ; bur he afterwards ftnuk^ out Edwarde and fourtlies,
which however are reram'd by Mr, Burton. Mr. Stowe has left two little
Blanli£. h Tiie Sirname is left out in Stov/e, it being difficult to be read. But
the true Name is Nicolas ( tho7 it feemr to be written NTiadas in the Original)
tu appears from what he fajs below at the beginning of Foi. 28. c Camolth
lon St. d Tocwe St. B. but

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ar
but at low Water Marke a Man may perceive how it hafteth
to the Se on the Sanddis hard by Towe.
LLanflufan is v. Miles from Cairmardine, and about a _iii.
Miles above LLanflufan. On the fame Ripe is a Place or
Clif caullid Grene Caftel, wherin Shippes ufe to ly at Ancre.
Smaul Balinggers otherwife cum to Cairmardine.
Beyond LLanflephan before the Havin Mouth liith a Barre,
fo that Shippis lightteli cum not in withowt a Pilote.
Ther is in Gower-Land bytwixt Suanfey and Lochor a litle
Promontori caullid Wormes Hedde, frornthe wich to Caldey is
communely caullid Sinus Tinbechicus.
From Swanfey to Kidwe/i a xii. Miles.
From Kidwelt to Tynbighe a xvi. Miles.
Tinby ys a walled Towne hard on the Severn Se yn Pen- Fo1- aff-
brookejhire. Ther is a Sinus and a Peere made for Shyppes.
The Towne is very welthe by Marchaundyce : but yt is not
very bygge having but one Paroche Chyrche. One thinge is
to be merveled at. There is no Welle yn the Towne, as yc
is faide, wherby they be forced to fech theyr Water at S.
John's withowt the Towne.
Mainopir, i. e. Manfio Pirrhi, is now communely cawlled
Manober a Towne of Howsbondry, the Parfonage wherof is
impropered to chriftes College yn Cambridge. The Ruines of
Pirrhus Caftel there, many Walles yet ftandyng hole, do
openly appere. This Place is iii. Myles fro Tynby, and al
moft as muche from Pembrook, but not in the Hye-Way, for
yt ftandeth nere the Shore of the Severn Se. And agaynft
this Towne, or betwixt yt and Tinby, liyth Iniffir, i. e. In-
fetla Pirrhi, alias Caldey.
A good deale upward above Milforde Haven lyith Great
Scalmey and Lytle Scalmey, one almoft joyniug to a nother,
longing booth to the King, but not inhabited propter pi-
rat as & celi inclementiam. Great Scalmey hath no Howfe in
yt,as I remembre. M. Hogan faid that therein * was a Chapel.
The Fermers bring over thither Shepe and Cokes of Horfes,
the which feede very wildely there ; but the Coltes taken
fro thens be larger and better fed then harted or apt for War.
Schoukhold Ifle yoinith to Scalmey bygger Ifle then fhe,
onli a Paflage for Shippes deviding them. As I remembre
it lyith Souther then Scalme. Thes Ifles ly not far from the
Shore in the fide of the Mouth of Milleford Haven.
Beyownd Scalmey farther ynto the Ende of the Severn Se
lieth a great blakke and hy Rokke lyke an Ifle.
Greffe Holme is a good way into the Se, and is but fmaulle Foi, i7„
and without Habitation.
Ramefiy Ifle conteinith iii. Iflettes, wherof the Bisfhop of
* Is fupra lin. in ^iut. S. Davidet

a- LELAND'S ITINERARY.
S. Davides is Owner of the greteft, but the Cantor of S.
Davids clay mith another of them. In them is good Feeding
for Sheepe and Horfes. And the Archidiacon of Cairmardiit
the 3.
LLanflufan Caftel and Lordfhip by the new Acte is re-
mevid from Cairmardinflnre and adject to Penbrookejhire, by
cawfe it longid in tymes pad to the Erie of Penbrooke.
Foi. 28. Narbarthe a litle preati Pile of old Syr Rbefes given onto
hym by King Henri the viii. Ther
a In the Satute caullid is a poore Village, c Narbarth Lord-
Herbert h". fhip cummeth almoft from Eft or Lower
Grifith b Nicolas Graund- Gledy, and fo ftil bi Eft nere onto
father to Syr Rife boute it Whitland wher Taue Water devidith it
of the Duke of York, but after from Cairmardinftme. By Narbarth is a
lofte. litle Foreft caullid Narbarth-Fotede.
Dueglevi Lordfnip is conteynid bytwixt the ii. Rivers of
Glevi. In this Lordfhip or Grounde be few or none notable
Buildinges. Ther is a litle Rille betuixt the ii. Gloves caullid
Kollell, i, e. Cultellus.
Lannhadein Lordfhip on the* Eft Side d G/edi wher is a
Caftel buildid on a Rokke longging to the Bisfhop ol S. Da
vid and a Village e by
Therby is alfo a Foreft of redde Deere caullid LLoydarth.
Dewys Land, alias Pebidiauc, and Canter dewy bare of Wood
and meately plentiful of Barly f Corne ", and reafonably of
g al " other Come.
Roche Caftel longging to the Lorde Ferres and old h Lan-
geville Knight of Bukinghamjhire bytwyxt Harford Weft and
S. Davids.
Slebyche Commaundry of the Rodes liith apon the Eft
Glevy even adjoyning to the Weft Parte of Narbarth Lordfhip.
Haverford Weft Lordfhip hath the Waullid Toun of Ha-
verford and i Caftel. The Water of Mylford Haven devidith
the Lordfhip from Penbrooke. in Haverford Toun k thre
Paroch Chirches , one of them withowt the Toune l in "
Suburbe. Blak freres within the Toune. m Chanons without
fuppreflid.
* F.owfi Rofe Market. The Market is loft, and is now a poore Vil-
Ther is".  *  f_ 
a Thr-fe Words in the Margin are omitted by Mr. Stowe, who reads the Paf-
fage thin : Harbarthe, a lytle preatye Pile of old Rhefet, gyven to hym ire.
b See above at Foi. 25-. Tlicji Words about Gf . Nicolas are left out by Stowe.
c Harbarthe St. fed vtox infra Narbarth. d OfGledi B. _ So alfo in Stowe
and Burton, without any Point after by. f Deeft B. g Dccff B. /) Lante-
villa St. i A Caftle B. ^ Be 3. Churches, fl. / Mr. Stowe has left out
the word in. Mr. Burton has in the Suburbes. m For Chanons without fup
preflid tAr. Stowe hath, Chanons without the Towne. * Thefe Words, which
are placed in the Margin of the Original, are left out in Stowe and Burton. lagc.

LELAND'S ITINERARY. a?
lage. It is as in the midde way bit wixt Harford Weft and
Penbrok. Gualwin Caftel and Lordfhip is perteining to Harford Weil.
It longgid to the Lord of Northumbreland and now to Perot.
Harford Lordfhip is in. Rofelande,a.ndYgtt of J_o/e Lordfhip
occupieth fum of Pembroke/hire.
In the extreme Part of Penbrokejhire after the old Limites
is a pore Village caullid Angle touching hard apon Milford
Haven. Toward this extreme Part of Pembrokjhire be the vefiigia
of Martine Caftel.
Marreys a faire Place longging to the Eliottes.
Betwixt the ii. Gleves by Harford Welt is a litle Ryveret
caullid in a Walfih  in Englifeh Knife. One beyng
requirid wher he lay al Night anfwerid that he lay having
a Swerdon eche fide of hym, and a Knife at his Hart, alluding
to the iii. Rivers in the Mdle of whom he lay al night.
Rowfe Lordfhip
hath Corne fufficient, and to felle to other, and efpecially
toward Milford Haven. There is Wood alfo b competent.
Roche Caftel withowte faile is yn Roufelande.
In Pebidiauc.
c The remayne Tokins of cairboias Caftel ftanding by
Alen Ryveret about a Quarter of a Myle lower then S. David
on the fame Ryveret.
And fum fay that there hath beene a Caftel at or aboute
Port Maur, but the Tokens be not very evidente.
There is a litle Woode at Perskilly an d viii. from
e bytwixt Fifchard and it
S. David, and moch better at Treugarth a 4.. Miles 

There appere in dyvers Partes of Pebidiauc Hilles and Dikes
with Bulwarkes of Yerth as Campes of Men of Warre or
Clofiires for Catelle.
The foile of Pebidiauc is Stony, yet there is meatly good
Corne. There is Plenty of Fifch bycaufe of the Crekes.
S. Davidiflande. _. Foi. 29.
S. David- Land beginnith at Newgalle a Crek fervid with
bale Frefche Water. There is a Bay afore this Creke betwixt
it and Milforde.
There be divers other litle Crekittes betwixte Newgalle
and S. David Hedde, and againe betwixte S- David and
Fifchard befide them that be written of heere.
a There is a Vacancy alfo in Stowe and Burton, b Complete St. c Ther
St. B. d ^idde Miles cum St. _-B. e The Words over the Line, and all the
reft as far as S. Davidis-lande in Foi. 29. are omitted in Stowe.
A 4.

34. LELAND'S ITINERARY.
A 4. Miles from Newgal upward on the Shore is Salvach,
otherwife a Salverach, a fmaul Creke for Ballingars and Fif-
char Botes, and hither refortith a litle Frefch Water.
Thens to Porte clays 3. Miles, a litle Havenlet, wither
Ale n that rennith thorough S- David Clofe cummith.
This Porte clais liyth a Myle South Weft fromS. David.
j, <_ c.;„™, r'ho-.j ._• „ About a Mile of is Port Maure,where
Mue\SwefteKs.y is * V°* ^ *** afllorte]^
««*. and ther isthePafs to ^ult ,lTl j. ¦ «. tw__;h_«m_i
_fl_m«fr a Myle of by Water. . ™en to P^, S. 2W Hedde
^Xill*™? ^ To^c*toParocheaPrebend
r&tr and Perth Maur . . m^ where is a 1Me Creket>
• S. Reanus ;
Abbas. -t-q jy^^g d _. Thens a Peace of LLanrean Paroch ,
wher the Bislhop of S. David hath a Place, and heere is a
litle Creket.
s. Gunda. Xo LLanunda Paroche about a 4. Miles having a Creke.
Here about is Hering Fisfbing.
Gueyn flu. Here Gueyn River devidith Pebidiauc from Fijhchard in
Kemmeifland. To Fifeharde a 4. Miles. Here is a li[tle Haven, havynge
a Re]fort of Shippis.
Foi. 30. Syr John Talbot that maried Troutbeks Heire dwellith in a
goodly Logge on the hy Toppe of Albrighton Parke. It is in
the veryEgge of Shropshire 3. Miles from Tunge.
e Corbet of Morton Corbet viii. c Marke Lande. It liith
round about the Shire. He hath a Manor by Layton Buffard
in Bukinghamjhir .
Corbet of Lee. a. Miles from Caurfe Caftel of a yongget
Brother of Morton. It cam yn partely by Mariage. c. Mark
Lande. Sum fay That of late dayis corbettes were Owners of
Caurfe Caftel.
Corbet of Langmer. 4. Miles from Shrobsbyri toward Ludlo.
Ther is a Park. xl. /;. Lande.
Syr Richarde Mainewering of Higthfeld. a. Miles from
Whitchirch. John Dodde of cloreley. a Mile from Hightfeld. a c. Marke.
Syr Robert Nedam of Sheinton. 4. c. Marke Lande.
a Ita in ^iut. ir B. non Salvevach ut in St. b This §. in the Margin «
wanting in Stowe. In Burton is read Sinaus for Stinans. c Vean iff. fed in
fra Rean habet. d Miles addunt St. _-B. e Some things are here wanting,
and others tranfpos'd, in Stowe. For Morton Corbet Mr. Burton's Tranfcript
hath Norton Corbet ; but in the Margin thereof Mr. Ant. a Wood hath cor-
reded it Morton Corbet. Grofe-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. aj
Grofevenour of Belepotte. 3. Miles owt of Draiton Market.
This Man and Grofevenour of Eiton Bote in Che/hire cam
of a. Yongger "Bremena of Grofevenour of Houme. whos v.
DoughtteYs and Heires were a maried.
Shakerley of Lancaflre maried the [eldeft Daughter, and
had] the Manor of Houme
Newport of Archhaul a Lordfhip of a c- //. with Park, and
hath a c. Ii. Lande by. This Man, and Mitton of cotton by
Shrobsbyri had Syr John Boroues Landes yn ShropJhiY zA&War-
wik. Mitton had his beft Houfe b More Haul in Warwicjhir'i.
Leighton of Leighton.
Leightbn of Watelesborow.
Leighton of Plafehz Mile or 2. from _-_._?_>» Burnet.
Leighton of Rodimer a. Miles from chorleton Caftel, and
is on Rode n Ryver.
Mitton -caullid Lordeof Mouthey, but I trow he be but *
Steward to the King there. His Houfe is at cotton a Quarter
of a Mile owt of Shreusbyri. z. c. Mark Lande.
Trentam of Shropfh'tre dwellid in the Toune felf, wher his
beft Houfe Was. a Man of l. It. Lande. Now he hath fold his
Lande in Shropfhir, and hath boute Roceftfi Priory irt St of or d-
Jhir on Dove.
Themes of Shreusbyri. l. Ii . Land.
Onefloo of Otieflo. xl. «". Land. a. Miles from Shreusbyri.
Qtetey of Pichefert. 4. Miles from Shrousbyri and. a Mile Foi. 31;
from Ail on Burnet, a c It". Lande.
Shriven of Frodifley\ a Mile from _-_f_?<.# BUrnel. c- Mark
Land. __> of Longmer a fait Manor and Park. c. It. Land. aMilfe
from A&bn Burnell He is Elder Brother to Le that maried
Leighton' s Wif of Watelborow.
Laken of Wy ley, Wher is a Park. 3. Miles from Bridgnorth!
3. c. Markes.
Gateacre of Gataker. a c. Mark Lande. 3. Mile froni
Bridgenorth. Wolrige of Dudmifireof Severne Bank. c. Mark Lande. .
Haughton of Beebyri. 4. Miles froni Brigenorth. xl. rt .
Land. Timg of Cahtetbn. C.Mark.
Vernoun of Hodenet Syr H?*.-^ Vernoun Sun. a. c. Markes
by one of the Heire of ___.™/_r.
Cotton of Cotton, a. l. IT. Lande.
Chorleton of Apeley hard by Welingion.
a ^Afier maried iV no Po-Mr m _fc. Orig. but there is left in it a Vacancy of
about 2. Lines . Mr. Burton reads married to, and then puts feveral Pricks to
fhew that fome Things are wanting, b Sic.
Vol. 5:. D Chorleton

a6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Chorleton of Wombridge Uncle to ... •

Foi. 32. vacat.
Foi. 33. Englifch May lor lyith altogether on the South fide of Dee
conteyning 3. Parodies, Oureton, Banger Vaure, Hanmere.
The Parodies be very greate, and they have fum Chapelles.
oureton There was a praty Pile or Caftel at Oureton yn auncient
Uado^ Tyme, the which a * was throuen doune by the Violence of
Dee Ryver chaunging his Botom. Forofolde tyme Dee ran
half a Mile from the Caftel yn a Place of the Valley caullid
Whiftan, where now is Woode and ploughid Grounde right
agayne Oureton. The Toune of Oureton hath had Burgefles,
but now there is not ao. Houfes. One Parte of the Diches
and Hille of the Caftel yet remaynith ; the Refidew is in the
Botom of Dee.
The next Paroche lower on Dee is Bangor. And yet yn
deede Oureton is but a Membre to Bangor, and Dr. Knight
is Parfone of it. This is Bangor wher the great Abbay was.
A Parte of this Paroch, that is as much as lyith beyond Dee
on the North fide, is yn Walfehe Mar lor, and that is as half
the Paroche of Bangor. But the Abbay ftoode yn TngSJyjke]
Mailor on the hither and b South Side of Dee. And it [is]
ploughid Gro[wnd now] where the Abbay was by th[e Space]
of a good Walfih Myle, and they plough up Bones of the
[Monkes, and in Remembraunce] were dig[gid up Pecis of
theyr Clothes in Sepulturs.] The Abbay ftoode in a faire
Valley, and Dee ran by it. The Cumpace of it was as of a
waullid Toune, and yet remaynith the Name of a Gate caullid
Forth Hogan by North, and the Name of a nother caullid
Port clays by South. Dee fyns chaunging the Botom rennith
now thoroug the mydle betwyxt thes a Gates, one being
a Mile dim. from the other, and yn this Grounde be ploughid
up Foundations of fquarid Stonys, and Romayne Money is
founde there. lower
Beneth Bangor c ftfl on the South fide of Dee Ryver is a
Paroche caullid Worthembre, d in Watch Guothumbre ", haying
a faire Chirch, but as a Membre to Bangor.
Hanmere Paroche lyith South Eft on Oureton, Bangor, and
Worthembre; but fo that thefe 3. ly bftwixt it and Dee Ryver.
Market
And fum Parte of this yoinith apon e Whit-chirche Paroche
a I make a Mark., before this Word, and another in the Margtn, becaufe 'tis
fo in the Original ; the ^Author having deftgn'd to add fomethtng, which he af
terwards forgot to infers, b Southerly Part of Dee B. c Still lower on the
Soutfae St. B. d Defunt B. e Whit-Churche Pariche a Market in Shropjhire
St. whit-Clmrch Markctt a Paroch in Shropfliirc B. in

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 27
in Shropftrire, but in the Egge of chefierjhire, and apon Mal-
paffe. This Hanmere is a very large Paroche, and hath a
greate deale more Riches then al the Refidew of Englifeh
Maylor. In Oureton is meately good Woode, Corne and Pafture,
and ftandith fumwhat on hyer Ground then Bangor or Wor
thembre. Bangor hath goode Corne and Pafture, but litle or
no Woode, and lyith al yn [Valleys, and in Worthembre no
Woode but good Corne and Pafture.]
Hanmere Paroche hath good Plenty of Wood, Corne, Me- Foi. 34..
dow and Pafture ; and by Hanmere Chirch is a greate Pole
aboute a Mile yn Lenght, and half a Myle yn Bredth. And
every Gentilman hath there his fayre Pooles. There is a xl.
Gentilmen yn this Paroch that have praty Landes.
a Pilfton itnight hath much Land yn Hanmere,but his chefe
Howfe is yn Worthembre Paroche. at a Place caullid Emerhaule.
Hanmere Knight dwellith at Hanmer, and yn that Paroch
be b aliquot of the Hanmers that hath Landes.
There is a greate More in Hanmore cawllid of fum the
Fennys. Dymok dwellith at Haulton.
Edward Pilfion Sunne to the Knight dwellith yn Oureton
Paroche at coitegolle.
Ellys ap Richard dwellith yn Bangor at Aire on Dee South
Syde, a fair Hous.
John Broughton dwellith yn Worthembre Paroche at
Broughton. Al this Englifeh Maylor tho [it ly] not hard on Flyntjhire,
but h[ath Waljhe] Mailor betwixte it and [Flynt,] yet it long-
ithto Flyntejhire, [and they] cum.to Seflions to Flynte.
Yet they have Liberte in t[oken of] the olde Caftel to
kepe a P[rifoner] 3. Dayes at Oureton, and fo to [fend hym
to Flynt.] Walch Maylor
caullid yn Englifeh Bromefeld lying on the North Side of De,
lower on Dee then Tale, and yoining hard apon Tale. It lyith
Eft apon Holt Bridge, the which devidith Chefierjhire from
Bromefelde. Flintjhir liyth c North on it. Diffrin Clu'it lyith
Weft on it. And Englifeh Mailor, alias Mailor Sefneg, id eft
Saxonica, lyith South on it.
Bromefeld is a playne Countery, and hath good Plenty of

a Anthony a Wood has written Pulifton in the Margin of Mr. Burton's Copy.
b 'Twos firft of all written dyvers ; but afterwards alter'd by Mr. Leland's
own Hand. Mr. Stowe, «. ho did not underftand Latin very well, hath made it
al not. . More North on it B.
D % Wood,

a8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Wood, and goode Corne and Pafture ; andSe-Coies at Har-
waed, and at a Place caullid the Mines-
The beft Woode of Bromefeld is yn Ruabon, a bygge Pa
roch, by Part wherof D* cummith. There is agoodQijarre
of Grinding-Stonys yn Ruafon Paroch.
fhe Holt is a praty ricbe Walfehe Toune, governid by a
Maire, having ons a Yere a Fair, but finely now no celebrate
Market. Yn it is a praty Church, and a goodly Caftel. The
Chirch is but a Chapel to Gresforde.
Gresforde is as fi,ire a Chirche as Wrexham, haying a Steple
pf yn. fcore Foote hy , befide the 4. Pyuwclid Towers.
a This Chirch is a a. Miles from the .... Bank of
De . . . . cum .... litle .... Chirch
.... n to ... if a .... th ... •
te . . . . he . .* . t to . • • . »nde
Wrexham, treuly caullid Wrtgktelfjhgm, is die onely Mar
ket Towne of Walfeh Maylor, having a goodly Church Colle
giate, as one of the faireft of all North-Wfles, and is a %.
Miles above the Holt on the fame North Side of the Ryver.
There longgith no Prebendes to it, though it be collegiatid.
There be fum Marchauntes and good Bokeler Makers.
b
There cummith a Broke caullid b Wemro thorough the
Toime. Wrexham is 3. Mies North fxomDe Ryver. Ther
be a. other Paroches [c Bromefeld, and fo in all 4.]
Foi. %$. Waters in Bromefeld.
De.
Aim.
Ruededoc Broke, having good Trouttes, cummith in one
Place Withyn a Quarter of a Myle of Wrexham, and goith
ynto Dee a Mile above the Holte Caftel.
Abm that cummith by Ruabon Chirch Waul, and after ren-
ning leffe then a Myle goith into Dee.
.PyUefton the Knight hath a faire Maner yn Gresforde Pa
roch at LLay by marying an Heyre Doughter to one of the
Hanmere. Joh» Eyton dwellith yn Ruabon.
John PyUefton Sergeant at Armes hath a Manor and Place
withyn half a Myle of Wrexham at Marfche.
Tale Lordfhip
yojnith to Bromefeld upon the farther fide of De Ryver, and
there is no Parte of it on the hither Side of Dee. There is
in it a 4. or j. Paroches, wherof the mofte famofe is LLan-
a T.af. brqltgrk Wor4s ax* wanting in St. and fo are mofl of thaa « B.
b Wenoro St. c L. in Bromefeld. arrnon,

LELAND'S ITINERARY. ap
armon, i. e. fanum Germani, and LLan Tegla, i. e. fanum
TecU. Greate Pilgremage and Offering was a late to S. Armon.
LLanegwhtfie, alias Vailis Cruets, ys yn Tale half a Myle
from Dee Ripe.
Dinos Brane Caftel on a Rokky Hille ftondith almoft as
neere as Vailis Crucis to Dee Ripe, and going up on De Water
is fumwhat lower then the Abbay.
Own Glindour had a Place yn Tale apon the North Side
of De caullid Ragarth v. Mile above Dinos Brane.
Almoft in the midle Way betwixte LLaneg Whift and
Rithyn appere veftigia of a Caftel of Owen Glindour (as it is
hide) caullid Keuen De, i. e. the Bakie of the Blake Hille,
wher now Shepardes kepe Shepe.
Chirk and chirkland lye by South on De agayne Tale, fo
that De for a lpace devidith Tale and chirke.
The hole Soile of Tale is rokky, and by that not thoroughly
frutefiil of Corne, yet yn diverfe Placeis and Valleyis betwixt
Hilles is meately good Corne, Medow and Pafture, and efpe-
cially for Corne aboute LLaneghwifte, and LLanarmon.
In Tale ys Plenty of Kyne, Shepe and Gotes.
John LLued dwellith in LLan Teglas Paroche.
Edwarde LLued yn LLanarmon.
There is meately good Wood yn the Valley Places of Tale,
and efpecially at LLaneg Whift, alias Vailis Crucis. The
Montaynis of Tale ftanding North be baren of Wood. The
People there for the more part bren Turffis.
De Ryver cummith by the Side of Tale as limes betwixt it Foi. 36.
and chirk.
The greateft Water befide De that is ynany Parte of Tale
is Akn that rifith in LLin Alen. This Alen rennith doune
from Wefte to Eft firfte to LLantegla, to LLanarmon, to
LLanuerrys yn Tale, thens into Molefdale Lordfhip, at a
Place wherof caullid Hefpalen it rennith into the Grounde by
the Space of a Quarter of a Myle, and there is a Marche be
twixt Moledale and Flynte. and after rifing departith ftille
by v. Walfehe Miles inCumpafe Molefdale from Flyntjhire.
Thenfe thorough Hope Dale, a Lordfhip perteining to Flynt.
Thens ynto Bromefeld, alias Mailor Camrege, and half a Mile
beneth Holt-Bridg into De. This Water hath mervelus
good and greate Trouttes. Chirk and Chirkelande.
Chirke and Chirkelande lyith on the hither Side by South of
De agaynfte Tale, and Wefte of it upper on De hither Ripe
lyith a Commothe of Merionithjhir caullid * Dernion, and
* Dermion St. plaine

30 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
plaine South of this chirke in fum Place touchith Poys Lande.
There is never a Market Toun in this Lordfhip. At chirk
fell be a few Houfes, and there is on a fmaul Hille a mighty
large and ftronge Caftel with dyvers Towers, a late welle
repavred by Syr Wylliam Standeley,theYerle of Darby's Brother.
There hath beene a. Parkes. One yet remaynith caullid
Blake Park. Keriog Ryveret cummith on the South fide of
Chirk Caftel. De Ryver is withyn a Myle of the North
fide of it.
The mofte Part of chirk and chirkeland on the South to
ward Poys Lande is great Plenty of mervelus good Woodde,
and thorough reafonable Wood. Moch of the Lordfhip ys
Hylly, but yn Valleys by De and Keriog good Corne and
Medow, and in fum other Places.
This Lordelhip or Lordfhips in Walfeh is caullid Guaine,3Xii
is devidid into Low and Hy Guayne.
Foi. 37. a Gentilmen of 'Chirke.
Trevor dwelling in chirk Paroche at b place " Newith.
Edwards Sunne dwelling not far from chirk Caftel.

<_
Molefdale yn Walfeh caullid c Stretalen.
In Molefdale is but one greate Paroche caullid Plouhe d Pa
roche " Wriothegrig of fum communely Molefdale. there longe
3. Chapelles onto it. Sum fay that
c There be 2. Fayres yet Molefdale was ons a Market Toune.
kept at Jtyolefdale , but the Yet it hath the Name of a Maire, and
Wekely Market is decayed", a greate Numbre of Houfes be withowt
token almoft deftroyed, and there hath
beene 2. Streates, as streate Byle, and Streate Dadlede in
Walfeh, in Englifeh the Court Houfe Streate, byfide other htle
Lanes. Now in al be fcant 40. Houfes. At the North Ende
of Byle Streate appere Diches and Hilles yn tokyn of an
auncient Caftel or Buildinge there. It is now caullid
f Mont Brenebyly, and on the Side of it is a fayre Springe.
Alen Ryver cummith withyn a Bou Shot of Molefdale Chirche.
And at the Southe Ende of the Towne is a Rylle caullid
g Hoime, and fone after rennith into Alen.
h Robert Edwardes a Gentylman dwellith at 
a Defunt in St. ufcjue ad Molefdale yn Walfeh ire. b Deeft B. c Stre-
dalen St. Stretiden B. d Deefi B. e Defunt St. / Mount Brenlebyly St.
More Brenbilie B. g Hounte St. h Several things arc here wanting in Stowe. on

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 31
on the Side of Alen yn Molefdale, having Plenty of Wood
and goodly Medow by Alen fide. The Wood thens is ca
lled to Chefire a vi. Miles of.
Mofte Parte of the Paroch is meately level Grounde, hav
ing befide other Thinges very good Corne. And there be Cole
Pittes a 3. Quarters of a Mile from Molefdalde Toune.
a lAngl. EUjs
Ithel Griffith dwellith on the North Side, fcant a Quarter a Grove
of a Mile from Molefdale Toune b at a Place caullid LLoen
Egrine. John Wenne ap Roberte dwellid at a Stone Touer caullid '
Broncoit, alias Regnaultes Towre, 3. Quarters of a Mile from
Molefdale Toune. Ther cummith a litle Ryllet by this Square
Toure caullid  and a Quarter of a Myle be
neth the Tour goith into Alen defcending from Weft to Efte.
There is a nother Water in MoleJ-
dale caullid Avon Terrig almoft as byg Terrig Ryver cummith
as Alen. Yet goyng from Weft to thorough a Peace of Tale or
North-Eft it goith ynto Alen . it cum into Molefdale.
So that by Springges and Rylles this
Paroch beyng yn Lenght a v. Myles is d There be other fmaulle
c wel fervid of Water and of dyvers Ryllettys yn Molejdale ".
other good thynges.
Molefdale lyith e North on Hope [dale, and Tale lyeth Weft
on it. Flyntjhire lyith North on it, and Ardin by Eft.
Hope, alias 6}uene Hope, Lordfhip, longging chefely to the Foi. 3?.
King. It conteynith but one Paroche. The Ground ys Hilly.
In the Valleys is meately good Corne. Alen Ryver cum-
mithe thorough it. In it be alfo other obfcure Rylles. The
Toune of Hope now decayid was fumtime burgefid and pri-
vilegid, and is caullid yn Walfeh Cairgorles. Ther ftonde yet
greate Walles of a Caftel fet on f Hylle, wher be diggid
good Mille Stonis of a blew Girthe.
Ofwefire xn. Mies North Weft from Shrobbesbyri.
It is from Traflon, alias the Walfehe Pole, xn. Miles.
From Wrexefham x. Mies.
From White-chirch in Shrobbesjhire xn. Miles.
From Ofwefire to Wrexham x. Miles, and thens the Hy-
Way to Chefter vm. Miles.
From Ruthine xv. Mile, and fo to Denbigh v. Mle.
From Flynt Caftelle xx. Miles.
From EUefmere, wher was a Caftelle, and very faire Polis
a Ellis Griffith tantummodo in B. b Defunt in B. ufcjue ad Ther cum
mith a litle Ryllet ire. c Well ferved, as alfoe with Wood, and divers
other good Thinges S. d Defunt B. e South B. / An Hille B. yet

3ft LELAND'S ITINERARY.
yet be. Ellefmere hath a 4. Stteates of meately good Build
ing, privilegid with ii. Faires, but no commun Market now.
Foi. 39. -phe Site of Croixofwalde is on a Plain in a Valley xn.
long Miles by Champain having almoft no Wood Nolth-
Wefte from Shreusbyri,
The Cumpace of die Towne withyn the Wauile is aboute
a Mile. Vortencwith
by South. There be 4 Gates, the a New-Gate.
by South Eft toward to Shrobf- The Blake Gate, alias Portdee.
byri. The 3 . Beteriche Gate, unde & vid
North Eft toward Chefler. nojnen. b qa ducit in urbem.
1 u
North Weft toward theMbn- The 4. c Wylliho Gate, alias Man-
taine of Pen/lin in Meriow- tain Gate, quia per earn ad vicinos mon-
7teth. tes itur quarta milliarii parte dtftantes.
There be no Towers in the Waulles befide the Gates.
The Tounne is dikid about and Broketres ren ynto it.
The Chirch of S. Ojwalde is a very faire leddid Chirch
with 3 great tourrid Steple, but it ftandith without the New -
Gate; fo that no Chirch is there withyn the Towne. This
Chirche was fumtime a Monafterie caullid the White Minfter<
After turnid to a Paroche Chirch, and the Ferfonage im
propriate, to the Abbay of Shreusbyri. The Cloifter ftoode
in hominum memoria ubi monumenta monachorunr. The Place
and Streate wer the Chirch ftandithe is caullid Stretllan.
There be Chapelles clene without the Suburbes. Ofle
c,.._.ii„.v. c <* ¦.___.* befwnx Stratll an wt\dPorthde Thefe-
a' withyn the Towneax. notable Streates.
The' 3. mofte notable Streates be: Thecr_^ Streatr, ubi
Crux lapide a. The Bayly Streate, ubi forum maximum ejr
mercatores. The 3. the New-Gate Streate.
Domu, The Bouth Hhulle of The Houfes withyn the Towne of
ovica. Tymberjafair Houfe, Ofwefire be of Tymbre and Slatid.
ftandith by the Caftel. There is a Bayly and Sergiantes.
Madocus , flius Meredoci, Ther is a Caftellefette on a Montbe
Princeps Poiirae, caftrum, ut ai- likelihod made Hy hand and dichid by
unt,pofuit. ExtatturrisinCa- South Weft betwixt Beterice Gate and
ftro nomine Madoci. Et ibidtm Williho Gate, to the wich the Town
camera Richardi 2. regit, con- Waul cummith.
firucla pofi eadem Arundovalii The Towne ftandith moft by Sale of
lafee 'majefiatis coudemnati. Cloth made in Wales.
.-. Portnewith filumm odo in St. In B. autem ft c legitur : The New-Gate, Fort Newithby
South, the BUeke Gate (See. b Qua in B. c Wulliho St. ir B. There

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 35
There is a Fre Schole on the South Weft Side of the
Chirch made by one Davy Holbeche a t
Lawier,StewardoftheTownandLorde- Sum fay that this David
Ihip, and gave x. /*. Land to it. made Davtd Tn yn London.
There be 4. Suburbes. The greateft wherin be iiii. Fol.49,
Streates, thus caullid, Stratellan ; the fecunde Suburbe Strete
Wulliho; the 3. Beteriche, wher be many Barnes for Corne
and Hay to the Numberof a vn. Score feveral Barnes. The
with other Howfes
4. Blake Gate Streate, and ther be a xxx. Barnes for Corne
longging to the Tounes men. There f goith thorowg the
Town by the Croffe a Broke cum- Cambr.
ming from a Place caullid Simons Welle, Avon Crois. Cros Brook.
a Bow Shot without the Waulle by Fair Walkes about St. Ofe
North-Weft. This Broke cummith in waldes Welle.
thorough the Waulle betwixt Wulliho S. Ojwaldes Wel is a Bow
Gate and New-Gate, and fo renning Shot from S.Ofwaldes Chirch
thorough the Towne, aand"goithoute in the Feldes South Weft.
under the Blak-Gate. Fabulantur aquilam brachium
. Ther is a Brook caullid Betterich, by- Ofwaldi a ftipite praripuiffe,
caufe it rennith thorough a Bridglet of fed excidiffe ei quo loco nunc
Tymber at Beterich-Gate. fons eft fuperftitione nuper ce-
The 3 . goy th under the Stone Bridges lebris. Ther is a Chapel over
of Wulli-Gate j New-Gate and Blake- it of tymber and the Foun-
Gate. Then go they all 3. with Croffe tein environid with a Stone
Broke a Mile lower by South Weft to Wall.
Morda Ryver.
Morda rifith in a Hille caullid LLanvarda wher was a
Chirch now decaid. Sum fay this was the Paroch Chirch
of OJweftre.
The Soile about OJweftre is playn, except toward the
North Weft into Merionitbjhire fruteful of Corne and Grafle.
There be Wooddes toward Whitig- +, __•_-_.
ton as in the Lordfliipe of b LLouen- LLouen a Bufch.
bene Dinos in Witington Parke and yn A „.« ** •?** * °£ar£r °f *
Witington More. & ' $JIe out of Ofwefire North-
The Toune or Caftelle of Hene Di- weit-
nas ftandith apon a rounde Hillet aboute half a Mle in Cum-
{>aee. Ther be iii. greate Diches in the Botom of the Hil-
et cumpafing it, and in the Toppe of the Hille now grow
great Treas of Oke. The commune People lay that ther was Hene Dinas,
a Cite withyn thofe Diches. I think rather a Campe of Men i.e. ¦_¦_.»_
of War, wheras paventure was the Campe when Penda ixtdcivitM'
Ojwaldes did fight. There is a nother Hillet of cafte Yerth
bytwixt it and Ojwefier not far from Dinas felf.
« Deeft B. . b LLaven dene dinas B.
Vol. j. E The

34-

Fol. 4(.

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Town of Whitington is a gret Mile North Eft froni
Hene Dinas. It is a Village in a Valley conteining a hun-
derith Houfes, and hath a dichid round Caftelle not very
large in the midle of the Village.
There beyn Cairarvonfhire ix. Hundredes or Commotes.
LLechweddiffa and Creythyn. Crethin is fo much of the
Hundrede of LLechweddiffa as is on the hither fide of Con*
wey River. This Hundrede ftrecchith on the Shore of the
falte Water to a litle above Penmain Vaure that is a 4. Mies
above Conway. Conway Toune is yn this Hundrede.
LLechwediha Hundrede goith up on the Shore onto Avon
Gegyn beyond Penryne wher Mr. Grifith dwellith. One of
the notableft thinges in this Commote is Abreguynne Gregix,
wher was aManer or htle Pile of the Princes of Wales.

In the olde Toun of Cair
Sallog, alias Cairjaint or Se-
gent, appere Partes of the old
Caftel yn the olde Toune, of
thewiche Caftel isfaullen into
the Haven fait Water. In this
Hundred is Dinos Emerys.

Ifcurvay Hundrede ftretchith from
Abregyn by Shore to Avon a Guruay. In
this Hundrede is Bangor and CairArvon
and Dolebaterne Caftel. In this Hun
dred is token of an old Manor Place.
LLes yn Dynorwek wher one Syr Grifith
LLoid lay in King Edwarde the b firft,
and bringging hym Tydings of the Byrth
e with Edward Cairarvon was rewardid with this Lande as
fum fay. It is yn the middle of the Hundrede.
g ,
d Hughecurvay Hundered goith from above Guuay Water
onto Boulchryvel the Top of the Hille by Vortigers Valley.
Clunnok Vaur is yn this.
C e Dynllayen Hundrede goith up from Boulchri-
vel to a litle above the Paroch of Penlleche.
Neuyne is yn this Hundrede.
Comet e Mayne Hundrede fo caullid of a Hille
namid Uwch Mennith yn LLene. Abredaron
and Berdefay f is yn this 
. . . . is the Ground to the Shore.
Al LLene is as it were a Pointe into the Se.
and yn the hole is 3. Commotes, of the which
this is the very Point into the Se.
Gafiogeon Hundrede goith from the Ende of

The 3. Commotes
touching LLeene.

a Gourncy B. b Tyme addit B. c Offer with in St. d Hughegcurvay St. e U
great many things are here wanting in B. / Is in this, the Ground &c. with a comma af
ter this ; tn St. In the Orig. 'tis as I have publijh'd it, only between is yn this, and is the
Ground was firft ef all written, A litle fide of Crege eryre is yn this but the great Parte
is the Ground <_r.. whhh Mr. Leland afterwards ftruck.<mt himfelf. Uvch

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 3y
XJwch Mennith en Commot mayne tovfixdeTraith-
maur as far as Abreerche. In this Commot is
\Pulthely.
Hinionith Commote ftrecchidi onto Traitmaure where
Abreglofllynne devidith. So that but Parte of Traithmaur is
yn it. In this is Crekith Caftel and Pooretoun.
Nant conwey Hundrede is by the Side of conway Ryver, Foi. 42.
and goith upward to the Hed of the Ryver Weftward. In it
be a v. Paroches, Dolewithelan, Penmachno, Bettus, LLan V'^'^q
u ue
RRychwin and Treureu. Hundrede s ofMerionithfhire.
Ardudwy ftrecchidi from half Traitmaur to Abermaw on
tl e Shore a xn. At the Mowth of Maw Ryver lyith a litle
Met fcant a Bow fliot over withowte habitation. At Ebbe
it is frefch Water aboute, and at Fludde fait.
There be dyver Rivers yn this Commot that entre the Se.
Harlanche Caftel and Market Toune yn this Hundrede.
Kemmer Abbay is yn this Hundrede.
Ther be a x. Paroches yn it.
This Hundrede is devidid into 2. Partes, Hitwch Artro and
Iffiartro of Artro River that goith into the Se about a Mile
above Harleche that is yn Iffe Artro.
Kemmer in Huwch Artro.
This Commot nor no Part of Merionithjbire lyith in Crege
Ery. So that though this Shire be Montanius, yet is al Cre-
gery yn Cairarvonjhir.
Wher this Commot is longefte uplandwarde b it xvi. Miles.
Towarde the Se fide and low Partes is fumme good Gome.
Meate good Plenty of Wood in this Commot.
p
c Talebonte Hundred touchith from Abermaw a litle upon Foi. +3.
the Shore. The Refidew faving this Point is yn the upland
toward Keniliauc yn Poyflande, and there juftely mar'chith on
Keniliauc It is a vm. Mile yn Lenght, and vi. yn Bredth.
The beft Corne yn this is toward the Se. It hath meately
good Plenty of Wood.
thle
d Dolgellbe is the beft Village in this Commote.
Commote Tftymaneir ftretchith from the Pont of Talebont
to the very Mouth of Deuy. It is by the Shore a ix. or x.
Miles. It cummith by e March in Upland to the very Bridge
a ^Adde Myles cum St. b *Adde h cum St. c Talepbonte St. d Dol-
gellhe tamummodo in St. ir B. e March upland St.
E a ol

36 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
of Mahenclif, and it yoinith alfo on Keniliauc in Powis land.
In this Commote is Towen.
This Commote hath good Corne, but meanly woddid as
^_^^ toward Machenclif.
1*0* Wher now the wilde Se is at the Mouth of Deuy, and
farther into the Se, were ons a. Commotes of good plenti
ful but low Grounde caullid Cantre Gwaylode, i. e. terra de-
miffa vel fubfidens planitie, now cleene eatin away.
th
Foi. 44. Commote a Penlline lyith al up in the Lande, and marchith
on Talebont, and Ardudwy, and Dernion Commotes of Meri-
onithjhire, and apon the Lordfhip of Mouthey yn Poifiande.
and apon Parte of Denbighland.
In this Commote is LLin Teggy the Hed of Dee Ryver.
Bale a litle poore Market is yn this Commote withyn a
litle of the Hedde of LLinnetegy.
Much Wood.yn this Commote,
Litle Corne.
Plenty of Pafture
There be great Hilles yn this Commote.
b Mr. Griffith of Termone".
Maufhey is now adject as a nother Commote to Merionith-
Jhire. c Deyrnion Commote lyith thus on the Eft fide of d Penth-
iine, and hath on the North fide Denbighland, and Tale on
the North Eft fide, and hath on the South fide Powys Lande.
Dernion Commote the befte woddid of z\ Merionithjhir.
It hath yn the greate Valley by De River good Corne.
It bredith good Horfis.
Henetourfi.e. In this Commote ys the Ruine of Toure.
¦vetus turns. c nomen viri
Kenuyn, now caullid Trhendwr.
Owen Glyndour dwellid yn this Commot. f fimus
* Catarine had Meredik. Me- LLuelin ap Irrwarth Droyndon, Prince
redik had Owen. Otuen had of al Wales, had Grifith. Grtfith had
Edmunde Erie of Richemonde, LLuelin. LLuelin had Catarine his
and Gaffer Erie of Penbroke. Heire. Catarine had Eleanor. Eleanor
Edmunde had Henry the vii. had Helene and * Catarine. This He-
Henry was, as I hard, poll- lene was Mother to Owen Glindoure.
humus. In Cairarvonfhir in Huwhcurvoy Com
mote is g LLin tkedwarchen, b wher the Swymming Ifland,
a Penthlline St. B. b Defunt St. _¦ Deyrmion B. d Penthfhire St.
i Tnefc two Words above the Line are omitted in St. and B. / Draindon in B.
abfjue fimus fuf.ra lin. g LLen thedmarchen St. LLin Yedwarchen 8.
h S^dde is cum B. and

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 37
and ther of it hath the Name as of afuimming Swarth of
Yerth. Foi. 4f, & 46. vacant.
Market Townes in Cairarvonfhir. Foi. 47.
Conwey.Bangor yn Ifiurvay Hundred hath ii. Fayres a Yere, but
skant a Market every Weke. There rennith a litle Rylle
thorough Bangor.
Cairarvon apon the hither Side of Segent River, in If-
curvay Hundrede, Howfis of Religion,
Conwey Abbey.
Enifenthle. Bethkellarth.
A Priory of White Freres by Bangor dedicate to Jefu.
There were ons White Freres at Rithyn yn Diffrin Cluit.
Mr. Garter told me that Gray of Rithin emong the Armes
of his Auncetor gy vith the Armes of the Lord Ruhan of Bre-
tayne in \Fr ounce. Wherefore loke] wither any of the [Name]
of the Rohans were ever Lord of Ruthin, or wither it toke
Name of hym.
Al Cregeeryri is Foreft.
The beft Wood of Cairarvonfhir is by Glinne Kledder,
and by Glin LLughy, and by Capel Kiryk, and at LLanperis.
Meately good Wood aboute Conwey Abbay, and Penmackno,
and about Cotmore, and Coiteparie by Bangor, and yn other
many Places.
In LLene and Inionith is lide Wood.
Cairarvonjhire aboute the Shore hath reafonable good
Corne, as abouth a Myle upland from the Shore onto Cairar
von. Then more upwarde be Eryri Hilles, and in them
ys very lide Corne , except Otes in fum Places, and si
litle Barle, but fcantly Rye. If ther were the Deere wold de-
ftroye it.
But in LLeene and b Hinionith is good Come, both by
Shore and almoft thorough Upland.

a Lege in the Yeare cum B, b Hirmonith B.

There

38
Foi. 48
Ther is but a Bridge C

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

betuixt thes two
In thefe a. Pooles
be redde bely Filches
caullid Thorgoughe, id
eft, thori aut pectoris
a rubei. There be alfo
of them yn LLin Tar*
thennyne, and yn LLin
Boladulinne. b They
be taken yn thefe * 3.
Poles yn ordre, and
taken yn one not fene
yn the other "-

Cairarvon.
Al thefe be yn the
Hunderede orCom-
mote of Ifeurvay,
and al the greate
Withaw Hille is
holely in this Com
mote. This Hille is
a radkibus a 5. Miles
to the Toppe.

Eonnon glafe yn
Withaw yn the hyeft
Parte by Eft Eryri
and nere LLeddan.
Fonnon de Fonnon
Guafe.

Lynnes.
Linne Dolbaterne

Al yn the Paroch
of Peris, v. Miles
Eft South Eft from

Weft
peris.

from I, Lire-

Miles inlenght, and a
dim. Mile yn Bredth.
Vailis monachus
alias Nant Manach.
c Linne Peris a Myle
yn Lenghte. Segent Cairarvon. Andly in
cummith firft thorough j valleis Weft North
LLinn Peris, and a Bow
Shotte of ynto Dolbatem
Poole. d Linne Doudhouc no
thing fo bigge as Linne
J?ery.
Boladulynne is yn Hugh Curvay Hundrede, a vi. Miles
beyounde. LLinne Tarthemiyhe 4. or 5-. Miles from Cair
arvon by South. It is a one Mile yn Lenght lying
in a Valley, and a dim. Myle yn Bredth.
ff c ingi
Linne dan coder yrychen a Quarter of a Myle
every way.
Linne Dinas Emerisz good Mile in Lenght, and
a. dim. Mile inbredthe.
f Linne Guinanhal a good Mile from Linne
Dinas a Myle long and a dim.in bredth.
Linn LLeddan about aMille inlenght.
Linne Ogweyne almoft a Mile yn lenght in
LLechuueth veha,i.e. Juperior Hundrede.
Linne Mam Avon a lide Poole in LLech-
uuethe veha alfo.
LLinne Idwalle a fmaule Pole wher they fay
that Idwalle Prince of Wales was kilhd and droun-
id. 'Tis yn Nant Franco Valley.

a Rubri B. b Thefe Words, as well as fome others in this flace, are omitted by Stowe.
* x. Pooles in order, and taken in the one and not feene in the other B. _¦ So in the
Original -' which ii ftrangely written and interlin'dby Mr. Leland, and is hardly legible in this
and fome of the following Leaves ; but in Mr. Stowe (who altered things according to hu
own mind, and corrupted divers words which he could not read) 'tis, LLine Peris, alias Vai
lis monachus, a Myle in Lengthe. Segent cummithe ire. In Mr. Burton's Copy 'tis ad-
fuflei thus : LLin Peris, alias Nant Manacu, id eft, Vailis monachus, about a Mile in
length. Segent cometh ire. d Mr. Burton s Copy corrupts this [as well as fome other places)
e e
thus: I Lin Doudhonc, Enothin, foe bigge as ire. e Erechingi St. Yrychen {fine ingi)
'" B. / LUnguinm half a good Mile B. a LLinne

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 3s>
a LLinne Dulinne not half a Myle in Lenght,/" Blak Poole.
fill of Stones, in LLechuueht Iffa, i. e. inferior\
Hundrede. ./Both in the Paroch
Lime Tge almoft a Mile yn lenght in LLech-/ of Cair bene.
uuet Iffa Hundrede. (.
LLinne CoUuid a Mile from Tge Poole South- C Few or no Pooles
ward a good Mile yn Lenght in LLechuuet-i nother ynLLene nor
Iffa. Cyn Henionith.
^4ngl. Hille. C

Al yn Nant Con-
uuey Hundrede or
Commote.

e Both in LLan
Roughwynn Paroch.

Voyle Tn.
Linne b Dolwithelan Paroche on a Hille fide in
Nant Conuuey Hundrede. a litle ponde
c Linne Kledder Fonnon, alias Linn LLughy, a
Quarter of a Mile yn Lenght.
Linne Cravenant a good Myle in Lenght, a ii.
Miles South from Conwey Abbay in a Valley.
LLin Enog, LLin Elfe a litle diftant afimder.
Lin d Rifiog betuix LLughy and Kledder.
LLin Gerionith a Mile yn Lenght and more.
{LLin Thervenid halfe a Mile in lengthe, not
far from Gerionith^] Cafielles in Cair Arvonfhire.
Hegannow yn Cryden.
Conwey. eniies
Tre Caftel, alias Caftel f Marchog a Fonon.
Treurewe (a Myle from Conwey Abbay) where LLuelen lay
that maried Jane, King John's Doughtre. It ftondith on
Conwey and Treurewe Rivers.
Sinnodune a Mile from Conwey. TheFundation of a greate
thing yet remayne there.
Dolewythelan in Nant Conwey Commote apon great Kled
der Ryver a xiii. Miles from Cairmainan by South Efte, and
as much from Conway.
Dolebateme a v. Mile from Cairarvon by Eft South Eft
hard by LLynne.
Dokbaterne on a Rok bytwixt a- Linnys. There is yet a

a LLin Dentine, Blacky Poole, not half a Mile ire. B. ' b The Words over the
Line are omitted in St. ir B. .. Lynne KJfdder apone ^Afonhcn alias, Linn
LLughy a Quarter ire. St. male. Voces fupra lin. omifit B. d Riftog St.
e He means Linne Cr&uenant and LLin Gerionith, tho' things are fo jumbled
together that 'tis hard to diftinguijh to which of them he had refpelf. Nor da
we receive any Light from Stowe or Burton. / Sic in viutogr, Marchogeques
in St. ir B. Pecc

\o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Pece of a Toure, wher Owen Gough, Brother to LLueleu,
laft Prince, was yn Prifon. it is yn Ifeurvay Commot.
Dinos Emeris.
Cairarvon. Crikith.
The Moode, in the Paroche of Aber otherwife LLan Bo-
e
duan, wher Tuffbg LLuelin uab Gerwarde Trundon had a Ca
ftel or Palace on a Hille by the Chirch. wherof yet Parte
ftondith.
Syr Richard Syr Gul Grifith hath a faire Houfe at Penrjne a ii. Myle a
*"fcfc- this fide Bangor.
a Wyllyam uab William dwellith at a Place Goc hiclan a Mile
a this fide Penryne.
Wylliam Cotmore dwellith at Cotmore by Tale Linne Ogwe'tH.
Pillefdon yn Cairarvon Toune.
John uab Madok uab Poel dwellith yn LLeene
at Bodwel.
John Wen uab Meridith dwellith at Gweder a
if. bow Shottes above Conwey Toune on the Ripe
of conwey Ryver. it is a praty Place.
d Elys" uab Moriche yn Commot h Hinionith in.
LLan Morva Paroche at Clannenne.
* Conwey Ryver. the Haven ftondith by North
and Weft.

Avon Duegeuelth a 3. Myles above Conwey,
and goith by it felf ynto Meney Salt Arme.
e (On this Shore lyith Penmayn.) This Broke
rennith bytwixt Penmayne Maur and Penmaint
Vehan. Avon LLannuairuehan and goith ynto the
Se a a. Miles above Duegeuelth.
Avon Aber a a. large Miles above that.
Aber Ogweine a 2. good Miles above that.
Aber *~Gegyne, out of a Montaine by, a Myle
above, and Bang ar almoft a Mile above it. It
ftondith on To ronnen.

Grifith ap Robert
b Vehan" dwellith at
Tale Henbont, c i.e.
veteris pontis ", in
Inionith. John Oen dwell
ith at Kegid an aun
cient Houfe in Hi-

* Foi. 49.
it rifith in the Mon-
taynes a Mile of.

it rifith yn a Mon-
tayne therby.
it rifith yn a Poole mater
caullid LLin Main
Avon a 3. Mle of.

a ~Sll that follows {with the three Words immediately preceding in the Margin) as far at
Conwey Ryver. The Haven ftondith ire. are wanting tn Stowe. The three Marginal
Words are likewife omitted in Burton. b Deeft B. c Defunt B. <_ Elizabeth B. e The
Words inclot'd in a Parenthefis are left out by Stowe. f Degine B.

Aber

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

4*
= a 3. into the
Lande it rifith".

th
Aber - Poult 4. Mile beyond Bangor on Me-
ney Shore, where is a b lide cumming yn for
Bootes by entering of it ynto Money.
d
d Moileethon Paflage a <= hde Shot" above. There lyith
Fery Bootes to go into Terre Mone.
f Guenwynmyrtheth, i. e. Horfis Broke, a.
Miles of.
Thens to Cairarvon 4. Mile.
Segent Ryver rennith hard on the farther Side
of Cairarvon, as the Shore Side goith, and there
cummith in praty Shippis hard to the Caftel Side
from Money into Saina 
There cummith a Water caullid Avon Guiruay
thorough a Bridg caullid Bontnewith, a g a. a-
bove cairarvon, and after cummith b ynto Mo
ney at South Crok a a. Mies of.
South Croke is a 3 Miles above Cairarvon.
i South Croke is the very Point of Abremenley":
k _/_bj.. a quik Streme.
Erode Skeuernok a lide Broke a vi. Miles above
Abrefeynt. On the farther Side of it is a litle Cha
pel caullid Bet houfe and a. or 3. Houfis.
1 LLeuonbroke goith into the Se a. Mile a-
bove Skeuernok".
LLeueny a greate Broke aboute a Mile above
cumming to the Se. And ther is a Paroche caullid
LLane LLeueny. ^tngi. an Hav . . .
There be a. Br[oks] betwixt Guiruay [and
Skeuenok, whereof the mydle is the bygger,caullyd
Colaide, and is  ]
There is a Brooke a Mile beyond Abre LLeue
ny goyng by it felf into the Se.

it rifith at Guen win
myrith Wel,a Mile of.
Cadnant Broke ri
ling a 3. Miles of
cummith thorough
the Toune Bridg of
Cairarvon,znd goith
bi it felf ynto Meney
Arme. So that Cair
arvon ftondith by
twixt ii. , Ryvers.
Both cum into Cad
nant. The Name of Ab-
remeney is not paf
fing a Mle above
Cairarvon. yet the
Water of fiim is
caullid Meney til
th
m Pdullell.
Againe South Croke
by the Mouth of
Skeuernoc theSe hath
ete up a litle Vil
lage n on Cairarvon
fide".

a Poullth St. b lifter litle Mr. Leland had firft of all written poore Havener, which
he afterwards ftruck_ out. c Defunt St. Sic autem legitur in B. J_4_r Poull rifeih a 3.
Miles of in the Land, is 4. Miles beyond Bangor on Meney Shore, where is all the com
ing in for Boates ire. d Moileeton St. Moile Ethon B. e For litle Shot Mr. Leland
had firft written Myle, which he afterwards ftruck, out and inferted litle Shot over the Line.
e
/ Guenwymnynythe St. Guenwin Meryth B. g ^idde Myle cum St. h Unto St.
i Defunt St. k^ The Words above the Line are omitted by Stowe. but he hath put three points
under od and 04 many over ke. I Defunt St. B. m Poullelly St. In B. Meneitel Poullell.
n Defunt St.

Vol. y.

Clmnog

V-

LE LAND'S
Clunnok Vaur a

ITINERARY.
Arvon a great Paroch, and the

Clunnog Paroche is in Com
mot Uch Cur uay.
Fro clunnok Chirch to
LLanael Hairen Chirch a 4.
Miles in Uch Curuay Com
mote. From LLan Aelheiren to
Egluis Epifiel Chirch a 3.
Myle.

This Rok is caullid Guorthe-
ren, i. e. vailis Vortegerni in'
LLene. From LLann egluis to Tre-
neuen Chirch a 3. Myles.
There is a lide Broke on
the hither Side of Treneuen.
Avon Ederne, alias Girath,
a a. Miles above Treneuen.
Ther be other fmaul Rilles
betwixt it and Daron.
Bytwixt Vailis Vortegerni,
and Aberdaron the Cumpafe
of the Se gatherith an Hed,
and the Se enterith at both
Endes. LLeene a xvr. Miles by
Shore, xn. Mile by theHy
Way in Lengh.
The Bred of LLene an viii.
Mile. The hither Ende of LLene
by the c Shore cummith at a
Hil [caullid Brith Rivil, ubi
valli]s Vortegerni.

fayreft
Chirch^yn al cairarvonjhire, as better
then Bangor, is a Mile beyond it, and
as far from the Shore. There is a litle
Ryllet. There is a Broke more then a
Mile above clumg cumming to the
mayne Se.
The next Paroche above clunnok is
LLan Aelhairen.
The nex Paroch onto it on the
a Tiftu'.a
Shore is Egluis Epftil wher cummith
downe owt of a Rokke a litle Rylle as
it were renning yn a Pipe. And hither
cam, as film fay, S. Bennow. A Peace
of this Roke is fallen, ..nd bvalleith
after a ftrange fafcion.
The next Paroch on the Shore is
Treneuen. Treneuen Towneiet is a 2.
Miles up the Lande. and there is a 2.
Faires every Yere, but no Wekety Mar
ket. Hitherto the Counterey is Mon-
tainyus. From Treneuen to Abredaron a xn.
Milys. The Grounde betwyt is fum
what playne and hath a. or 3 . Paroches,
havyng very good Plenty of Corne
and Grafle, but very litle Woodde.
They burne Turffes, Feme, and Gorf-
fes, otherwife caullid Fyrres.
The fmaule Towneiet of Abredaron,
wher is a 30. or mo Houfis, is on the
very farther Ripe of Daron. The Se
is about a Quartre of a Myle of. The
Paroche Chirch is above almofte a
Mle on the Shor as the Salt Wa
ter cumpafidi aboute with a Hedde.
The Chirche is caullid in Walfeh LLan
engan Brening, id eft, Fanum Niniani
Reguli, where was a late a great Pilgri
mage. This Paroche is al yn Thleene,
and it endith Thlene.

Tlie Latin Word is omitted by St. &B. b Valleyeth B. c Slip for Shore in St.

The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 43
The Countery above LLeene is caullid HeniomthV-u'\ Foi
_- ... aiit
rrom LLan engan Brennme to Crik-
ith about a xni. Myle by meatly playne
Ground, having reafonable good Corne
and Pafture, but not like LLeene. There
lyith betwixt LLan engan and Criketh
a 3 or 4. Parochis. At Crikith be a 2.
or. 3. poore Houfes, and there is a
fmaulle Ryle. There hath beene a
aFranchifid"Toune,now clene decayith.
From Crikith to Trahtmaure a 3 .Myle,
b Bytwyxt Traithmaure and Traith Ve
han a Mile thorough a Point of Wood
caullid Penryn Duetith, as yn the Myd-
dle, rennith at low Water thorough the
Traith Maur Worth, Gleffe LLinne Wa

rn-

In Leene a Mile above
Fanum Niniani is Penryndthe
a good Haven Roode.
Pollele Bay a poore Mar
ket, now a hteftatio opt. cari
nas. The Prince had a Place1
there, as yet apperith.
c \ Al Penr'me Pointe is in
Merwnithfhire, ' and as much
as is beyounde Glefftn on the
Warth of Traithmaure.

ter, and divith Henionith of Cairarvon-

Jhir from Merionithjhire.
Credine a Commote of Cairarvon-
Jhire a this fide Conwey River.
This Commote partely be Conwey
Ryver, partely by the Se is yn a maner
as infulatid, arid one way owte of Den
bigh Land the Way is over a made Cau-
fey over a Marfch often overflowen.
TheCumpace pf it,as 1 geffe,is an viii.
Miles. Yn Lenght it is a 3 . Miles.
In it is a 3. Parodies.
In it is very litle Wood, and that is
at Penrine.
It berith very good Corne and Grafle,
There is Northward in Credine a Bay or Rode very goode
forShippis, and that greate, caullid Carrig Gonnyon, Anglice
White Stonys. Here a Mile up ynto the Land appere greate

Almoft a Mile from Pen-
ryne de yn Leene is Inis Tid-
wale a vi. Acres yn Cumpace.
In it is a litle Chirch defolate.
Ther be kepteShepe,and there
be Conys. Jt is a Myle from
Penryne Lande by South Eft.
Ther is an other Iflet be
twixt it and the Shore, caullid
Inis Mirach, i. e. e quorum,
having good d Grade.

a This Word which is written over the line in the Orig. is omitted by Stowe.
who hath alfo decayed for decayith. b So [tis corrected, [very unintelligibly) by
Mr. Leland, who had firft of all written it thus : From Crikith to Traht Ve
han a 3. Myle. Bytwyxt Traith Vehan and Traith Maure above rennith as yn
the Myddle Gleffe LLinne Water ire . Mr. Stowe has written it as I have pub-
lijh'd it, only he omitts Traith Maur Warth after thorough the, and makes
Glefle Linne ire. begin a. new Paragraph. He hath alfo omitted feveral things
in the Margin. Mr. Burton's Copy differs from me only in this that it leaves out
Traith Maur Warth after thorough the, and reads divideth {as it Jhould be
corrected^ for divith. c Vide paullo inferiw. d ^After Grafle Mr. Leland has
made this mark. Y fignifying that thefe Words Al Penrine Pointe ire. whicb

are plac'd a little above in the Margin fiould be inferted here.
Fa

Ruines

44 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ruines of Hegannoye Caftel ftondding on an Hille, wher, as
fum fay , Mailgo Guined dweUid and LLuelen Prince of
North Wales
Place Penrine an auncient Stone Houfe by Eft North Eft
on the Shore longing to Mr. Poet of Flint/hire.
a Cogarth almoft clene doune on Conwey River Shore be
twixt  [here laye D] . . .
Segent, as I hard fay, rifith at Lynne Dolebaderne. This
Poole is a 3. Miles yn Lenght, yn fum Place a Mile broode,
and yn divers Places lefle and lefle. It lyith by Withow Hille,
and is diftant a v. Myle from Cairarvon toward South Eft
from Cairarvon.
Ogweyne rifith at a Place caullid Tale LLinne Ogweyne, a
Poole a v. Mile above Bangor yn the Eft Side of Withow.
Conwey Ryver Hedde is withyn a 3 . Myles of Penmaclano
Hille, and this Hille is a vi. or 7. Miles from Conwey Abbey.
Traith Vehan and Traith Maur be Salt Armes and Crekes
fedde with no notable frefch Ryvers.
Mr. Rouland Griffith tolde me that there were a. Com
motes betwixte Abredeuy and Towen Merionith that were yn
tymes pafte plentyful of Corne and Grafle, but lyyng low,
and almoft as level Grounde, the Se ful many a Yere fyns
hath clene devourid them up, and now it is totally a Sandy
Warth. He told me alfo that at the Chyrch where he dwellith yn
Anglefey, by the commune Fame of all the Counterey, there
was of auncient tyme an Houfe of Relligion.
In tyme of mynde Menne ufid not in Termone to feperate
theyr Grounde, but now ftille more and more they digge
Stony Hillokkes yn theyre Groundes, and with the Stones of
them rudely congeftid they devide theyre b theyre'' Groundes
after Devon/hire Fafcion.
In digging of thefe [they] digge up yn many Places yer-
then Pottes with the Mouthes tumid douneward, conteyning
cineres &offa mortuorum. Foi. yi, yx. vacant.
Foi. r,. The Bridge at chefeer apon Dee.
The Toun of the Holt y. Mies by Land from chefier,%nd
there is a great Stone Bridge on Dee Ryver.
LLangotlan is a ix. Miles above the Holt, and there is a
great Stone Bridge over Dee Ryver.
LLan Got/an Village is on die South Side, and Dinas
Brane Caftelle ftondith apon an high Hille on the North
Ripe of Dee a 3 . Quarters of a Mile of.
u Defunt St. k Rednndat. The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 45
The Caftelle of Dinas Brane was never bygge Thing, but
fette al for Strenght as in a Place half inacceffible for Ene-
myes. It is now al in Ruine : and there bredith in the Rok
Side that the Caftelle ftondith on a bredith" every yere an
Egle: And the Egle doth forely aflaut hym that diftroith
the Neft, goyng doun in one Basket, and having a nother
over his Hedde to defend the fore Stripe of the Egle.
LLan Egwifie,a]ias Vailis Crucis, an Abbay of Whit Monkes,
was 3. Quarters of a Myle by Weft North Wefte.
Wyrale. Foi. fa.,
Wyrale begynnith lefle then a Quarter of a Mile of the
very Cite felf of chefier, and withyn a 2. Bow Shottes of
the Suburbe without the Northe Gate at a litle Brooket caul
lid Flokars Broke that ther cummith ynto Dee Ryver, and
ther is a Dok wherat at Spring Tide a Ship may ly. and this
Place is caullid Porte Poole.
Half a Myle lower ys Blaken Hedde, as an Armelet of the
Grounde pointing oute. At this is an olde Manor Place
longging to the Erie of Oxforde, and theryn lyith fumtyme
Syr Gul. Norres.
A Mile be Water lower hard on the Shore is a lide Vil
lage caullid Sanheho.
Lefle then a Mile lower is Crabho Village.
A Myle lower is Shottewik Caftelle on the very Shore
longging to the King : and therby ys a Park.
Shottewike Towneiet is a 3 . Quarters of a Myle lower.
And 2. Mle lower is a Rode in Dee caullid Salthoufe,
wher again it on the Shore is a Salt Houfe Cottage.
Then is BurtonHedde, wherby is a Village almoft a Mile
lower then Salt Houfe.
ii. Myles lower and more is Denwa/e Rode, and agayne it
a Farme Place caullid DenwauUe Haul. It longith to Mr.
Smithe. and more up into the Land is DenwauUe Village.
ii. Miles and more lower is Nefton Rode, and ynward a
Mle ynto the Land is Nefion Village.
About a 3. Miles lower is a Place caullid the Redde Bank.
and ther half a Mile withyn the Land is a Village caullid
Thrufiington. A Mile and more lower is Wefie Kirkeby a Village hard
on the Shore.
And half a Mle lower is HiUebyri, as the very Point of
Wyrale. This HiUebyri at the Floode is al environid with Water as
an Ifle, and than the Trajeilus is a Quarter of a Mile over
and 4. Fadome depe of Water, and atEbbe a Man may go
u. Redundat. over

46 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
over the Sand. It is about a Mile in Cumpace, and the
Grounde is Sandy and hath Conies. There was a Celle of
Monkes of chefire, and a Pilgrimage of our Lady of Hilbyri.
The Barre caullid Chefier Barre that is at [the] very Mouth
of the Sandes fpuid oute of Dee Ryver is an 8. or 10. Mile
Weft South Weft from Hilbyri.
Foi. ss. It is by Eftimation a xvi Mile from the Point of Hilbery to
croffe, ftrait over to the next Shore in Lancafierjhire. For
Lyrpoole lyith a x. Mies into the Lande from the Mouthe
of Merfey Water, and lytle lak of xx. from the very Barre of
Merfey that lyith in the mayne Se.
From the Poynt of Hylbyri to Lirpoole as it lyith withyn
the Lande a x. Mile.
From Hilbyri to cumpace about the Shore of Wyral on
Merfey Side to Walefey Village on the very Shore, wher Men
ufe much * ufe " to fake Hering taken at the Se by the Mouth
of Merfey, is a feven or eight Miles,
Thens a 2. Myles to the Fery Houfe on Wyrale Shore, and
there is the Trajeilus proximus to Lyrpo/e a 3 . Miles over.
Aboute half a Quarter of [a] Mile upward hard on Wyral
Shore is Byrket a late a Priory of a xvi. Monkes as a Celle
to chefier without any Village by it.
Al the Shore Ground of Wyral apon De fide ys highe bank-
id, but not veri hilly Grounde. And fo ys the Bank of Wy
rale onto Briket on Merfey Side.
The TrajeStus from HiUebyri diredlely overthwart bytwixt
Flint and Bafingwark is. at the ful Se a vii. Mies over.
Foi. 56. Flintejhir.
The Eft Parte of the Paroche of Potuarry is in Flintjlme :
and Part of the fame Paroche toward the South ys yn Dif-
frin Cluid.
Hoele communely caullid in Englifehe Poele, and, as fum
fay, it is the Name that we f caullid Hughe.
Hoele a Gentilman of Flyntjhir that by auncient Accu-
ftume was wont to gyve the Baggeofthe Sylver Harpe to
the befte Harper of North Walys, as by a Privilege of his
Auncetors, dwellith at Penrine yn Flyntjhir. He hath alfo
caftellum a ruinus Caftelet , or Pile, at a Place caullid CafieU ToUo.
iudovici. This Word ToUo is the fame in Walfehe that LLuelen ys, and
Ludovicus in Latine.
ToUo ys 2. Miles from Northob Village a lide on the lift
Hand yn the Highe Way to Chefier.
Thifarte, or Dijarte, Caftelle yn Flyntfiire,by the Name yn
Walfehe is thus expoimdid. Thi is privativa particula, as not.
Difarte. Sarte is fiepe up. Not fiepe ox dining up, that is to&yplayne.
Retkelan, communely caullid Rudelan, cummith of Ret he,
* Redundat. f Cawle St. B. that

LELAND'S ITINERARY. '47
that ys to fay Roone color or pale redde, and Glan, that is the
Shore ; but G when Glan is fet with a Worde preceding G
is explodid.
About Glafeoit (viridis Jylva) Hille, that is a 4. Mies be-
yond Rut he Ian, is the limes of Flintjhir and Denbigh lande.
Denbighe- Lande. Foi. .7.
Commotes yn Denbigh-Land.
Ife Duleffe and Hughe Duleffe, both by Northe toward
LLan Elwy, alias S. Afaphe.
And boothe be namid ol a Duleleffe a Broke there rennyng.
Ife Aleth and Hughe Aleth ly bothe flat Wefte toward cifalcthia.
Conwey, and hath the Name of Aleth Ryver.
Kinemarth cummith from withyn a Mile and a half of
Ruthine to die very Toune and Caftelle Waul of Denbighe,
and lyith moft by South South Eft.
Sum take the Paroche felf of Denbigh for a Commote, and
lyith much by Efte, and is a 4. Mile yn Cumpace or more.
Sum lay that afore the Toune of Denbigh was made yt
was yn Hughe Duleffe Commote, but fins of late tyme it hath
be provid by Pie to be a Cort and Commot of it felf.
There is no Place yn al thefe Commotes where the People
dwelle vicatim, but al fparfim, faving at Denbighe Toun felf.
And yn al thefe Commotes was no Howfe of Priory or
Abbay, faving a Place of White Freres at the very EfteEnde
of the Toun of Denbighe.
There be diverfe Paroche Chirches in eche of thefe Com
motes, faving that if Denebigh Paroch be a Commote, ther
is but one Paroche Chirch yn it, and that is St. MarceUes a
Mile and more out of the Toune of Denbighe by Eft.
Ther be ii. of Eafe by fide withyn the Toune felf, wherof
one is caullid S. Hilaries, very large and welle fervid.
Kinemarth is the greateft Commot of al the Refidew, and
yet hath but 2. or 3. Paroches, LanRayhader, that is a 7. Rayhoder is
Miles in Lenght, and LLaneinys, that is not al in Kynmarth, to fay 'fee
but Parte in Diffrin cluid. It is caulhd LLaneinis, by caufe **"' °\ *
. _-,, • , - s-JJ , . . r. r i-i .i1 i Water doune
the Chirch is fet betwixt the Ryvers ol clutd and cluedog as „ K,-^
in an Ifle. Thefe 11. ftremes ren ther withyn a Quarter of a
Mile togither.
Loke wither LLanvair Vadelen be not in Kinemarth. This «^j
Paroche is caullid in Walfeh Kereg Edridion. Fanum Ma-
There is yn the Eft Ende of Lan Raihader Paroch very «« Magda-
goodly Corne and Graffe. but by Weft South Weft yt is lm«-
baren and hilly with Bogges. Wood inough yn Raihaider
by North Eft. * DulefTe B. a There

48 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
a There is good Corn, as Whete -Grounde, about LLa
neinys, metely woddyd.
Lanvair Vadelen is much baren, but for Otes withe great
Labor. No Wood but Turfe. Ful of Hilles and Bogges.
Fol.r3. The Paroche felf of Denebighe is plentiful of Corne and-
Greffe, but no great Wood.
Ife Duleffe is good for Corne as Whete, Rye, Peafon and
Benes, and hath very good fine Pafture and Medois, and hath
lide Waft Ground yn it, and hath good
This htle Parke is cauUidin Woodde as in the leffe Parke longg-
firres ing to Denbighe, and yn other Places.
Walfeh Gorfenodiog. There is a Quarre of harde Stone. Its
of a Blakifch or fad Marble Color,
much ufid for Ovens and Chimeneis in this lide Park :
and there alfo they dig oute Slate Stones to kyver Houfes.
Hughe Duleffe is leffe fruteful then Ife Duleffe, and more
Hylly and Rokky. Ther is Plenty of Woodde hi it. And
the great Park by Denbigh is, as I lernid, in this Commote.
Moil evig. This Parke is caullid in Walfehe h Moil evig, that is to fay of
the Balde Hyndes.
Other Parkes then the 2. aforefaid be not in Denbighe Land.
Ife Aleth cummith to the very Shore of Rethelan Bay.
This Bay bereth the Name from Rethelan and the Mouth
oi Chide to the Mouth of Conwey.
Thefe ii. Paroches in Ife Aleth ly apon the Shore : firft
Lan S. George next to the Marches of Flyntjhir, and more
upper Weft to Credm Abergele Paroch, where be likelihod
is a Water caullid GeUe.
The North Part of Ife Aleth as to the Shore is meetely
fruteful of Corne. The South Part is Hilly, good for Gotes,
and hath litle Wood in refpede.
Hughe Aleth cummith by Wefte onto Conwey Ryver Bank
agayn the Towne felf of Conway, and ther metith with Come
Credine a Pece of Cairarvonfhir eis Conwey River : and leving
Credin on the North Side of the Shore, as on the right honde :
and then goith on conwey Ryver Bank up a litle by South
South Weft, and then levyng Conwey Bank it goith plain
South and metith with Penthline Lordfhip.
Foi. » In Hughe Aleth be many Bogges, Rokky Hilles, and Mo-
rifch Ground : And the Soile is to cold to have good Come,
yet yn diverfe Places it berith Otes and fum Rye. It hath in
fum Places Woodde. In thefe Hilles be kept nete Horfe
and Shepe.
a The two Paragraphs immediately following are wanting in St. b Moyle-
nie B. This

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 49
This Commote is the worft Parte of al Denbigh Land
and moft baren.
In Kinemarch Commote be a. Places wher be likelihod
hath beene fum Caftelettes or Piles of Defence. LLefguen- palatium
llean is the one, and that is a 3. Quarters of a Myle owt of^^'l'"*-
Denbigh toward South in the way to Ruthine on the right
Hond. There apperith no Building now, but great Diches
and Hilles over growen with Buddies.
Place amidowe is the other, wher is a great Diche and a
Hille. The Name declarith it to have beene the Place of
an Heremite. Wither ther hathe beene any other thing there
it is out of Memorie. There is nothing now but a Fox
Borow. It is a Mile and more from Denbigh.by South in the
way to Ruthin on the lifte Hand.
Denbigh Toune.
After that King Edward had extindtid the Prince of Wales,
and had holely al Wales in his Pofleflion he much ftudied to
the Fortification efpecially of North Wales, and the Marches
of it. And by this meane Lacy a Man of greate Eftimation
aboute Edwarde the I. had the Land of Denby gyven onto hym.
And I have hard fay that it was partely in confideration
that he maried in the Bloode of the Prince of North Wales.
Lacy was a great Lord Marcher afore in Ewifland bering the
Name of Lacye.
This Lacy firfte began the Toun of Denbigh, walling it and
making a Caftelle there. Afore his tyme 1 cannot leme that
there was other Toun or Caftelle.
The Toune and Caftel of Denbighe ftandith on a craggy
Hille, and is nere a Mile in Cumpace, and ys pene orbicu-
lari figura. The Caftelle lyith South on the Toune : and
the Toun lyith to the Caftelle by North and Eft.
In the Toun be but a. Gates, the Efekeker Gate, and the Foi. 6a.
Burges Gate. In the firft was the Lordes Court kept : and p?na Atta
in the other the Burgefis. The Eskeker Gate lyith playne"*'
Weft, and the Burgefes Gate plain North.
Thefe ii Gates as the Cumpace of the Waulle goith be a
great flite Shot one from the other : and betwixt them in
the Waulle is never a Tower.
And from the * Esker Gate to the Caftel is never a Towre :
but ther is a Galery out of the Caftel into it.
Thefe Towers be in the Toune Waulle by Eft from the
Burgefes Gate to the South Eft Side of the Caftelle.
* L. Eskeker.
Vol. y. G Firft

yo LELAND'S ITINERARY.
V Firft a great ^advata Tower f caullid  [fe-
condly] the Countes Toure (beyng fquarej a goodly [Tower
©iha. Loft§s high. The third the Goblin Hole jemkirculari
figura, the Leader of. which in hominum msmoria about an
,§q. Yeares agoe? were with Temped carried awaye, as farre
almoft as St. MorceUes the Paroche Church, and foe hath
lay en uncovered.]
There be a. rounde Toures befide.
There hath beene diverfe P_owes of Streates withyn the
wuld Towne, of the which the moft
There is a goodly and large part be now doone in maner. and at
Chapel of Bafe in the old this tyme there be fcant 80. Howfol.
Toune ofSt.H^w.wither yet etas.
mofte of the new Toun* yet" I have not yet lernid the Certente
cumme. how this wallid Toune decayed withyn.
wither it were by Fire or for lak of
Water, wherof there is litle or none, or for laic of good
Caryage into the Toun ftanding fumwhat high and on rokky
Ground, I cannot telle.
But the Towne of Denbigh now occupied and yoining
neere to the old Toun hath beene totally made of late tyme,
and let much more to commoditeofCariage and Water by
many Welles in it And the Encreafe of this was the Decay
of the other. + At this prefent tyme the new is 3. tymes
[as byge] as the old- [The Market Place in Denbtghe that
Foi. Si. is fayre and large was pavid but of late Yeres.] There is
a Chapelle of tafe in the Mdle of die new Towne of
S. Anne.
One Fleming was the Builder of this, and yet it is caulhd
CapeUe Fleming, and is of a good Large-
The new Toune of Den- nes, Ther was an Almofe Houfe hard
bigh was clere defacid with by this Chapelle ex Jaxa quadrate made
Fier by Hoftilite, _j°. D- 1468. by the fame Fleming. But now it is
Sum fay that this was doone , defolate.
by the Erie of Penbroke. The Caftelle is a very large thing,
and hath many Toures yn it. But the
Body of the Worke was never finiihid.
j ^All that follows this Word as far as At this tyme there be fcant 80.
Howfolders ire. is wanting in Stowe, who hat written this Note : the other
torne and defacid. ^And indeed mofl of it is torn out in the Orig. but 'tis
fttpply'd in Burton. * Redundat. ^ At this prefent time the newe is 3.
times as big^e as the ould, and is a Mile 
and it lyech" all in one Street  and in the
Market Place well builded, which is fayre, and large, and paved of late
Yeares. The Confluence to the Market on Tewefday is excedine great. St.
Marceltes a Mite of was Paroch Church to the ould Towne, and foe it is ta
the new. There is a Chapel of Eafe ire. B. The

LELAND'S ITINERARY. yi
The Gate Houfe is a mervelus ftrong and great Peace of
Work, but the faftigia of it were never firtifchid. If they
had beene, it might have beene cOuntid empng the molt
memorable Peaces of Workys yn England. It hath diverfe
Wardes anddyverfe Portcolicis. On the Front of the Gate
is fet the Image of Hen. Lacy Erie of Lincoln in his ftately
long Robes.
There is a nother very high Towre afid larg in the Ca
ftelle caullid the Redde Town.
Sum fay that the Erie of Lincoln's Stinno felle into the
Caftelle Welle, and diet dyed : whetapon he never pallid
to finifch die Caftelle.
King Edward the 4. was befegid in Detibigh^CetRelle : and
ther it was paftid bytwene King Henry's Mefl ahd hym that
he fliould with Life departe the Re&Ulffle never to fetutne.
If they had taken King Edwarde there debeUatum fuiffet.
There is every Sunday Prayers made in S. Hilarie Chapelle
for Lacey and Percy.
DenbigbLznde on fum Places marcher}! apOn chide Ryver. Fo!- s»-
Wher chid cummith nieft to Den- T , , „ t - ,-.
bigh Toun it is 2. Miles of by Efte. Loke here for Fomon Du-
Cluedog Ryver cummith ynto Chid ™ Wrf] h
4 Mle lower by Water and 3^ by {h ^ g £
a Land then B^*Town on the Wefte V < »
Ripe of it. . D
Looke heere for thefe Blokes.
Brennig.
Vehan. Alwein.
Uftrate cummith within half a Mile by South of Denbigh
Toun, and goidi ynto Chid by the Weft Ripe almoft againe
Denbigh Toun that is a 2. Miles of.
Aleth rifith in LLin Aleth Poole an 8. Mies Weft from Lacus .au-
Denbigh Toun in the Paroche of LLdn SmnM, and rennith '""'
about an 8. Miles towafde the North, and b ge ynto the' South
obedient
Ripe ofElwy in LLon^Heneth Paroche, A FalKUm obedientia.
a 6 . Miles above S. Afaph. So that tha Ther is a e litle " Watcr
Courfe of it goith an [8. J Miles byE- caullid Merach Mirchion, wher-
ftimation. by, as futa fay, was f Lorde
t Tliere are three Points made over this Word in the Orig. and _a many oiier agaiafl it i.i
the Margin, where is written : and than ynto  .by Weft. It is in LLa'nharder
Paroche, of fum caullid S. Dunnokes. which Words are ihfertcd in Burton immediately after
leant a Mile. But things are very mmh corrupted at {his Place in Stowe. b Goith St. ir B.
c Obedient fupra lin. deefi in g. d iftafttun tn mar'g. pofuimus, defunt in Stovco. e Still B,
/ L. Marach a  Place B. G 2 Marach

ya LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Marach a Mirch . / . . ons On the farther Ripe of Elwy a 3. or
Place. It is [in HeneUad Pa- 4. Miles above S. Afaphes is a Stony
roche.] Rok caullid Kereg thetyUuaine, i. e. the
Rok with hole Stones, wher a great Cave is, having divers
Romes in it hewid out of the mayne Rok.
There is in the Paroch of LLanfannan in the Side of a
Stony Hille a Place wher ther be a4- Holes or Places in a
Roundel for Men to fitte in, but fum leffe and fum bigger,
cutteoute of the mayne RokbyMannes Hand, and there
Childern and Young Men cumming to feke their Catelle ufe to
fitte and play. Sum caulle it the Rounde Table. Kiddes ufe
ther communely to play and skip from Sete to Sete.
There is an Hille with Pafture in Guitheryn Paroche in
Denbigh Lande caulhd Penbere, i. e. caput fepulchri, wher a
Stone like a flat Stone of a Grave lyith, and one, as it is fayde,
lyith under it byried. Foi. 63. vacat.
Foi. 6*. Market Townes in Gloceftrefliire.
Gloceftre. Briftow.
Cireceftre.
Twekesbiry. CafteUes in Gloceftrefliire.
Gloceftre. Sudely by Winchelcumbe.
Cireceftre had a Caftel by likelyhod.
Briftow Caftel. Ryvers in Gloceftrefliire
Severn.
Avon touchith ztTwekesbiri.
Another Avon at Briftow.
Ifis rifith a iii. Myles from Cirenceflre not far from a Vil
lage cawlled Kemble within half a Myle of the Fojfe Way, be
twixt cireceftre and Bath. Thens it runneth to Latinelad a
4. Myles of, and fo to Grekelad abowt a Myle lower, fone
after receyving Churn.
Churne at Ciceftre, proprie chumceftre, * a hard by Cheftre-
ton, improprie pro j Chirnetown. The principal Hedde of
Chum rifith at Coberle, wher is the Hed Howfe of Sir John
Bridges. It is a vn. Myles from Glocefire, and alive Myles
or more from Cirecejlre by the which yt renneth, and thens a
vi. Myles [«;._>] hift :a Greklad miUiari yt goith into Ifis.
Wher as the very Hed of Ifis ys in a great Somer Drought
"* And hard St. Hard B. t Ghi!ner.«.'. n St. apperith

LELAND'S ITINERARY. y3
apperith very litle or no Water, yet is the Stream fervid with
many Ofspringes reforting to one Botom.
Communely thorough al Glocefterjkire there is good Plenty
of Corn, Pafture and Wood, faving at Cotefwold wher the
great Flokkes of Sheepe be, and yet in fum Places ther grow-
eth lair Corn.
Glocefire where yt is not fufficiently defended by Severn ys
waulled. The Caftel is of an wonderful old Building, but
no old Britons Brykes yn yt, fid lapides plerumque quadrati.
Of al Partes of yt the hy Tower in media area ys moft
flrongeft and auncient. Withowt duplici foffa munitur. In
the Towne be [xi.] Paroche Chirches. withowt Blak
Monkes yn the Town. Blak Chanons lately withowt.
An Arow fliot withowt the Town toward Herford ys a long
Bridge of Stone, under the which goeth a great Arme of
Severne, as I remembre, cawlled Owjeburne. Yt breketh owt
of the great Streame above the Town, and beneth yt goith
againe into the mayne Streame. The Curfe of yt is abowt a
Myle. So that it infulateth a goodly Medow.
Briflow apon Avon a greate Cite, well waulled, having a
fair Caftel. In yt is now, as I remembre, xviii. Paroche
Chirches. S. Auguftines, Blak Chanons extra mania ,• ibique
in magna area facellum, in quo fepultus eft S. Jordanus, unus
ex difiipulis Auguftini Anglorum apoftoli. A Howfe withowt
the Waulles, as I remembre, cawlled the Gauntes otherwife
Bonbommes. [iiii-] Howfes of Freres, of the wiche the
White Freres Places ys very fair. Avon Ryver abowt a
Quarter of a Myle beneth the Towne in a Medow cafteth
up a great Arme or Gut by the which the greater Veflels as
mayne toppe Shippes cum up to the Towne. So that Avon
doth peninfulate the Towne, and Veflels may cum of [bothe]
Sides of yt. I marked not wel whither ther cam any frefch
Water from the Land to bete that Arme.
Avon goith into Severn at Kynges Rode iii. [Myles] be
neth [Briftow'] by Land, and [vi.] by Water.
In the Hilles about Brifiow [Towne be] found litle Stones
[of divers Colours counterfetynge precious] Stones.
Cirecefire, corruptely for Churneceftre, peraventure of Pto- Foi. 6;.
leme cawlled Coriminum, ftondeth in a Botom apon the Ry
ver of churne. The Cumpace of the
old Waul, cujus pauca adhuc extant ve- Be lykehod yn times paft
fiigia, was nere hand ii. Myles. A Man Guttes were made that Partes
may yet walking on the Bank of churne of churne Streame might cum
evidently perceyve the Cumpace of thorow the Cyte, and fo to
Fundation of Towers fumtyme Hand- returne to theyr great Botom.
ing in the Waul, and nere to the Place wher

54 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
wher the right goodly Clothing Mylle was fet up a late by
the Abbate was broken down the Ruine
The Soyle in the Stony of an old Tower toward making of the
Feeldes abowt cireceftre is Mylle Waulles, in the which Place was
more apt forBarle thenWhete. fownd a quadrate Stone fawllen down
Therabowt as in Cotefwold afore , but broken in aliquot frufia ,
is fmawl Plenty ol Wood ex- wherin was a Romaine Inlcription, of
cept in few Places kept of the which one fcantly Ietterd that faw
neceflite. yt told me that he might perceyve Pont.
Max. Among divers numifmata fownd
frequently there Dioelefian's be moft faireft. But I cannot
adfirme die Inlcription to have bene dedicate onto hym. In
the Middes of the old Town in a Medow was found a Flore
de tefteUis verficoloribus, and by the Town noftris temporibus
was fownd a broken Shank Bone of a Horfe, the Mouth clofed
wkh a Pegge, the which taken owt a Shepard founde yt fillid
nummis argenteis. In the South Sowth Weft fide of the Waul
be lykelyhod hath bene a Caftel, or
Sum fay diat it was the fum other great Building, the Hilles and
Place wher Sege was laide to Diches yet remayne. The Place is now
the Town, and not far thens a Waren for Conys , and therin bath
is a fteepe rownd Biry like a be fownd Mennes Bones infelitat ma-
Wind Myl Hill ext. muros gnitudmis, alfo to fepukhres ex ficlo la-
cawlled Grifmundes Tower , pide. In one was a round Veffel of
for a Gufmuades Tower, as Leadc covered, and in it Asflies and
theie fay. Peaces of Bones. Moire then iii. Partes
of the old Town is now goodly Me
dow Ground. The iiii. Part ys yet wel inhabited, having
one Paroche Chirche very richely
Ther is alfo a litle Chapel wrought, and an Abbay of Blak Cha-
as an Almofe Houfe. nons fundatore Henrico pr'rmo. But
there afore was a great Chirch of Pre
bendaries. In the Body of the Chirch in a fepulchre Croffe
of White Marble is this [Infcrrption,] Hie jacet b Rembal-
dus presbyter, quondam hujus ecclefia; decanus, \& tempore Ed-
wardi regis Angli_e canctUarias ]
Cummyng from Glocefier to cireceftre almoft yn the Myd-
dle Way betwyxt wher the Wood fayleth and Champayne
Tofa. Countery toward Cotefwold apperetb, the faire old Way made
by the Britons ys very evidently feen, and fo goeth as ftrayt
as a Line to drecefler, and fro thens to Bathe. But fum
wold that the Way from Cireccfter to Bath fhould be the very
Fofle, and the Way betwyxt cireceftre toward Glocefier to be
an other of the iiii. Wayes made by the Britons. The Abbat
a Garmundes B. b Reyaoldus St. Of

LELAND'S ITINERARY. n
of Circeftre told me that abowt Cireceftre fhould be croffe meat-
ing of al the iiii. Wayes.
At Litle Subbiri, alias Sodbiri, in Glocefirefhire a xn. Miles
from Briftow as yt were by North Eft appereth on a Hille
aftrongCamp ot'Menne of Warre doble dichid. Itisufid
now to be fowen by Mr. Walehe.
Kenchefeer ftandeth a iii. Myles or more above Hereford Foi. 66.
upward on the fame Side of the Ryver that Herford doth ;
yet is yt almoft a Myle fro the Ripe of Wy. This Towne
is far more auncyent then Herford, and was celebrated yn
the Romaynes tyme, as appereth by many thinges, and efpe-
cyally by antique Mony of the cafars very often fownd
widiyn the Towne, and yn Plowghyng abowt ; the which
the People ther cawlleth Duarfes Mony. The Cumpace of
Kencheftre hath bene by Eftimation as much as Herford, ex
cepting the Caftel, the which at Herford ys very fpatiofe.
Peaces of the Walles and Turrets yet appere prope funda-
menta. and more fhould have appered if the People of Her
ford Town and other therabowt had not yn tymes pafte
pulled down muche and pyked owt ol the beft for there
Buildinges. Of late one Mr. Brainton buylding a Place at
Stretton a Myle from Kenckefire dyd fetch muchtayled Stone
there toward his Buildinges. They told me ther that one
M. Lmgham ys Owner both of Kenchefier and Sutton. By
lykelyhod Men of old tyme went by Kenchefier to Hay, and
fo to Breknoc and Cair Mardyn. The Place wher the Town
was ys al over growen with Brambles, Hafylles, and lyke
Shrubbes. Neverthelefle here and there yet appere Ruines
of Buyldinges, of the which the folifch People cawlle on
the KingofFeyres chayre. Ther hath ben fownd nofira me-
moria lateres Britannici, tjr ex eifdem canales, aqua duBus,
teffeUata pavimenta, fragmentum catenula aurea, calcar ex
argento, by fide other ftrawng thinges. To be fhort, of the
Decay e of Kencheftre Herford rofe and florilhyd. Withowt
fayle Herford ys better fet as hard apon Wy Ryver, and fo
nerer to the Paftures. But I cannot perceyve that Hereford
had any great Begynning afore King off as tyme, the which
be al likelyhod had a Palace at Sutton.
Sutton ys a iiii. Myles from Hereford, wher appere no
table Ruines of fum auncyent, and great Building. It is
thowght ther and a great likelyhod is that it was fumtyme
theManfionofKingO#i, at fuch tyme as Kencheftre flood,
or els Herford was abegynnyng.
Marden Village is abowt a Myle from Sutton, and harde
by ys a Hil when, as men fay, S. Ethelbricght was behed-
ded. At the Village now is a fair Chirche dedicate to hym.
I thynk

<6 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
I thynk verely that he was flayn at Sutton yn King Offa's
Howfe. TheNameof_MW_-» femeth to expreffe the Mar-
Foi 57 Breknocjhire is very Montanius, and in fum a Place very
wooddy; nethertheleffe in the Valles fruteful of Corn, and
efpecially of Paftures. For the Walfekmen yn tymes paft, as
they do almoft yet, did ftudy more to Paiturage then Tyl-
ling, as Favorers of their confuete IdLlnefs. Among al the
Montaynes of that Shire Blake Montayne is moft ramofe.
For he ftrecchith, as I have lerned, his Rootes on one fide
within a iiii. or v- Myles of Monemuth, and on the other
Side as nere to cairmerdin. Though this be al one Montayne,
yet many Partes of him have fundry Names. Owt of this
Montayne fpringeth the Heddes of iiii. famofe Ryvers, that
be diverfe Cowrfys thorowgh Sowth Wales at the laft cum
ynto the Severn Se. Ther be yn the Shir diverfe other
lide Rivers, of whomlGiraldus writeth at length, as Hodeney
that giveth the old Name to Breknoc, that is to fay Aberho-
deney, and LLeueney that cummeth owt of Atterel Hylles,
the wich be cawlled in Walfeh Meneth e Cadair, id eft montes
alti infear cathedrarum, and fo defcendeth ynto Breknoc
Mere, the which is a ii- Myles in Lengeth, and a Myle or
more in Bredthe. This Lake is cawlled in Walfehe LLin
Seuathan. Here one thing is to be noted, that after a great
Reyne LLeueney cummeth owt of the Montaynes with fuch
a Rage that he b bringging the Color of the Dark redde
Sand with hym. and ys fene by the Color wher he vio
lently pafleth thorowgh the Mere.
The Lake of Brecnok ons Thens LLeueney renneth into Wy abowt
frofen over , and than in a Glasbyri a iii. Myles from the Hay, the
Thaue breking maketh mer- which is in the right way betwixt Her-
velus Noife per totam vici- ford and Breknoc. Looke more dili-
uiam. gently for this Lake apon Giraldus Book
cawlled Itinerarium Cambria. In the Lake be Umbers, yn
Walfehe Cangans, and great Store of Pykes, wherof many
cum into Wy River.
The Town of Breknoc is welle waulled, and hath a fair
Caftel yoining to hit. The Duke of Bokingham was of late
Lord there. In the Town <= be . . . . Paroche Chirches,
and withowt . . . There a late was a Celle of Blak Monkes
longing to Batayle Abbay.
Foi. 68. Brekenok waullid. iiii. Gates. Old Port fitperior, as the Hy
Gate by North. Weft Gate by the Blake Freer. They be in
the Suburbe. Efi Gate, Water Gate, Cambrice d Porthene
a Sic. b Bringethe St. B. c Thefe two lacuna: arc not fupplfd either by
St. er B. d Porthene, the North Gate, Ould Gate, B. hichca,

LELAND'S ITINERARY. y7
hichca, i. e. fuperior, the Old Gate.
Portbont, Bridgate, alias Wefi Gate. Befide dies Gates is one
Porttffa the lower gate, alias Efi Gate, without in ±e Beginning of
Portdoure, Water Gate, alias Portwiske. a Suburbe caullid alfo Por-
In the Towne is a mighti great Chapel, thene S- Maria.
with a large Tour for Belles of harde
Ston coftely fquared with the Expences of athoufand Poundes.
The Paroche was wher the Priori was, and was afore s. jotnnit
ther or the Priori was made, and yet is. It ftondith North Evange-
withowt the Waulle apon the Ripe of Honddye. llfta:-
M
The Paroche of LLanuays. LLan Chirch. Vais ext. ac s. Davidis.
fi diceres extra muros. It ftandeth betwixt the River of Uske
and Tyrtarelle Brooke, that [is] about the lower Ende of the
Toun ol Brekenok.
In the Eft Suburbe ys an Hofpitale with a Chapel. s. Catarine.
The Caftel ftondith in the Suburbe and is devidid from
the Toune by Hondeney River, over
the wich is aHy Bridge of ii. Arches Ther apperith Digging,
to go into the Caftel, the wich is very wher Menne laborid to bring
large, ftrong, welle mainteynid. and the a Peace of Hondy about to in-
Keepe of the Caftel is very large and folate Brekenok with hit and
faire. Wiske.
In the Toune is Market twys a WeekeWenfday and Saturday.
There hadi beene founde about the Toune in the Feeldes
Romaine Quenes.
At the Ende of the lower Part of the Caftel cummith Hond-
dey into Uske as foone as Wske is a one pallid thorough the
great Bridge.
Uske Bridge at Brekenoc was throuen doun by the [Rage]
of Wske Water anno 16. Henrici 8. die S. Hugonis. It
was not by Rain but by Snow meltid that cam out of the
Montaines. The Water b ranne forward about the Toppe
of the [Hy Bridge, and the Circle Mark apperithe almoft] to
the Mdde Waul of the Blake Freres [Cloiftre.l
To the Lordfhip of Brekenoc longgith but only the Market
of Brekenok.
In al the Lordfhip of Brekenoc was not in time of memori
but the Priori of Blake Monkes in Brekenok a Celle to
Bataile. Barnardus de fiovo mercatu was Founder of hit.
LLan
c Nanthonddye a Priori of Blake Chanons ftondith in the suppreffid,
a Ones St. DeeftB. b Ranne above the Toppe B. c LLanthonddye St.
LLan Nanthondy B.
Vol.'y. H Vale

y8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ther caullid Honddye Slade
Vale of Ewias xiiii. Miles from Brekenok. But it is a nother
Honddye then that that cummith to Brekenok. This Priori
was lair, and ftoode betwixt ii. great Hilles
Forthe Parte a about Honddye Slade b it put be likely-
hodde Hochuyflade. almoft v. Englifeh
Artures HiUe is iii. good Walfehe Miles South Weft from
Brekenok, and in the veri Toppe of the Hille is a faire
Wellefpring. This Hille of fumme is countid the hieft Hille
of Wales, and in a veri cleere day aManne may fe from hit
a Part of Malvern Hilles, and Gloceftre, and Briftow,znd Part
of Devenjhir and Cornwale. Ther ^ other diverfe Hilles by
Artures Hille, the wich, with hit, be communely caullid
Banne Brekeniauc.
LLin Seuatham is a iiii. Myles by South South Eft from
Brekenok. It is in Bredth a Mile, and a ii. Miles of Lenght,
and wher as it is depeft a xiii. Fadom. On the one fide wel
nere the Ripe is a fcinde of Weedes that goith alonge the
LLin, wherin the Spaune hath Socur, and alfo the greate
Fifche. At great Windes the Water doth furge ther mer-
velufly. LLeueny cummith thorough this Lake, no great
River, and after great Raine is parfightly feene of redde Co
lor in the middelt of the Lake. After that it is frofen and
with Thaue beginnith to breeke it makith fuch a Noife that
a Man wold thinke hit a Thunder. It berith as the princi-
pale Filch a great Numbre of Bremes, and they appere in
May in mightti Sculles. fo that fumtime they breke large
Nettes : and ons frayed appereth [not in the d Bryme of
Foi. 69. the Watar] that Yere againe. It berith alfo good Pikes,
and Perches in greate Numbre. Trowtes alfo, and Cheuyns
by cumming in of LLeueny.
Menne fifche there e umligneis, and they be very narow.
The Hedde of the Lake wher LLeueny River cummith in
Michael e
is at f Lanuihengle Kythedine.
Tale pro- The Ende is at LLanuihengle Tale LLin.
pnefons. Fenkelthle Caftel ii. Mile from Brekenok. Ther on the
farther Side of Uske. But ther is onely a faire Medow by
twixt Uske and hit. Sum fay that it longgid to the Mortimer.
Syns the Lordfhip was dividid betwixt the Duke of Boking-
ham, and one of the Herbertes of Montgomeri. But the Ca
ftel longgith to the g Herebert.
.4 Above St. b Is B. _• Be divers other B. d Brimme B. e F. unci's
ligneis. f LLanuifchael Kethedine St, g Herbertes B. Blain

LELAND'S ITINERARY. y9
Blain LLeueni in fum auncient Writinges caullid Eueri
Caftel, and LLeueni Water caullid Eueri Brooke.
The Honor of Blain LLeueni ftand
ing in a Valley ys in the Walfehe Tale- iii. Miles from Penkelthle,
garth, whet is yet the Shape of a veri and v. from Brekenok, and
fair Caftel now dekeiyng, and by was within a Mile of the Mere.
a Borow Town now alfo in Decay.
Both longgid to the Erie of Marche. Though Blaine LLeu
eni be in the Walfeh Talegarth, yet the Tenauntes kepe the
Englifeh Tenor.
LLangors Lordfhip in Talgarth is as a Membre to Blain
LLeueny. Dinas Caftel ftondith a good Mile from Blan LLeueni
apon a Topp of a notable Hille. It is
now ruinus almoft to the hard Ground. The People about Dinas
Ther bemanifeftTokins ofiii. Wardes did burne Dinas Caftel that
waullid abowt. And therby was fum- Oene Glindour fhuld not kepe
time iii. Parkes, and a Foreft. The it for his Fouteres.
Parkes be down, but yet good Plenty
is ther of redde Deere. TheTenantes of Dinas hold of the
Walfeh Tenor. It is fet by like of one of the Hilles caullid
Cathedrales. Part as fum fay of LLinfeuaton is in th Walfeh Talegart,
and Part in Brekenok Lordfhip, the whiche be devidid by
LLinfeuaton. In the Walfeh Talgar is no notable Town nor Caftel be-
fides thes.
LLeueny rifith in the Walfeh Talegart hard by Blain
LLeuemy. In the Englifeh Talegart is no notable Building but a lide
Prifon by Talegarth Chirch in the Town, and Mr. WiUiam
Vehans Efquiers Place caulhd Porthamal, i. e. Porta copia,hai.f
a Mile from Talegarth Chirch in the Valley. The Howfe hath
a fair Gate and a ftrong Waul embatelid.
Tretour, a fmaulle Village ftonding on a fide Brooke, and vii. Miles
within half a Mile of Wiske. Ther is a prety Caftel longg- from Brew
ing now to the King, and therby alfo in the Village is a fair "**¦•
Place of Henry Vehan Efquier.
K.
Cregehouel a preati Tounlet ftondith Cragus Ho'e'linus a Mile from
as in a Valley apon Wtsk, but by hit is Tretour, and iiii. Miles from
an Hille, and in the Valley hard by the Abergeveni.
Toune is a Caftel longging ons to the
Paunsford, but now to the King.
Tretour and Creghouel Hand in Efirodewe Hundrede.
The Hay x. Miles bi eft from Breknok.
H a ¦ Glifh

ith

(Jo LELAND'S ITINERARY.
dama
a Glinboch a Lordfhip within a Mile of the Hay. In it is
no Market Toune nor Caftel ; but at LLanigo apperith a
*- A Place Tour tanquam noxiorum cufiodta deputata.
wherRuf- b * BroynUes Caftel in the midde way betwix the Hay and
ft^grou- BrekfloL It fta)lciith in the Hundrede of Cantercely.
Foi. yo. Buelth apon Wy is a good Market Toun, and ther is a fair
Caftel of the Kinges. This Lordefhip hath good Plenti of
Woode. Lannedeu, a Mile from Brekenok,^ Lordfhip of the Bisfhops
of S. David,whet was fumtime a c veri Place of the Bisfhops,
now no thing but an onfemeli Ruine.
The Archidiacon of Brekenok hath a Houfe even there, and
that is alfo fallen douen for the more part. Giraldus makith
mention of this Houfe.
Ther is a LLinne yn Low Ehel within a Mle of Paynes
Caftel by the Chirch caullid LLanpeder. The LLinne is
dama
caulhd <* Bougkllinne, and is of no great Quantite, but is plen
tiful of Pike and Perche and Eles.
old
e Hene Wy had a Courfe in Low Eluel not far from the
Chirch ol Glafebiry, but now he hath fuarvid his Courfe a
good But Shotte of. Wher of old time he ran, is now' a
Poole cawllid Henewy, whet in now be greate Luces and
Tenchis. The Poole is of no greate Quantite. At clunne
in the low Medow is a preati Poole wherin be good Luces
and Tenchis. Poole
f Loogh Tawe in Blake Montaine, wher fum fay is the
Hedde of Tawe that cummith to Swanfey, bredith no Fifche,
and if Fifth be call: into hit it dieth fhortely.
Part of Melennith is welle wooddid. the other is but fcant.
Ther is in Melennith Plenty in fum Places of Corn, and
great Plenty of Grefs. In Melennith is a good breed of Horfe
on a Montain caullid Herdoel. Ther be left al maner of
Catail al Winter, and prove welle.
Comothuder is a prety Tounlet, and ther about is Plenty
of Wood.
nuin, -a Honddye rifith at a Place caullid Blainhonddy, a vii. Miles
Point.  « Glendama ,57. male. Dama fupra lin. omifit B, b Bronicles B. c Sic
^4ut. ir Sc. Very fayre Place B. d Boygdeami LLinne St. Loughdama
LLime B. male uteresue. e Old Hene Wy St. perperam. /Loogh Poole
Tawe St. * For thefe Words Dunon hath, In this Place groweth Store of
Hollies. from

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 61
thorough
from Brekenok, and in Brekenok Lordfhip, and rennith in a
Valley caullid Dyjfrm Honddye.
Wisk rifith in Blake Montein a x.
Miles above Brekenoc toward Cairma- Sum fay that the Vers Erles .
dine, and fo rennith thoroug the litle of Oxford wer caulhd Aubres.
Foreft and great Foreft of Brekenok, and
fo cummith thorough Redbryuu Bridge Redbreu, i. e. vadumfraiium,
to Brekenok, to Aberconureg a Maner
Place of the Aubres, to Penkelthle, to Creghoel, to Abrege-
veni, to Uske, Cairlion, Neuport.
LLeueni rifith hard by Blain/leueni Caftel, and fo within a
Mle thorough LLin Seuathan by Broynlles Caftel, and fo by
Glafebiri into Wy at a Place caulhd AbreUeueny.
Brennik rifith in one of the Hilles caullid Mennith e gader,
and rennith thorough Englifeh Talegarth and by BroynUes
Caftel into LLeueni at Aber Brennik.
Brenych rifith a iii. Miles from Brekenok at a Place caulhd
Blain  and cummith into Wiske at Abrebrenych a-
gainft Mr. Aubereis Maner.
Tertarith a great Broke rifith in the Banne HiUes a v.
Miles from Brekenok, and cummith into Uske in Brekenok
Suburbe by a Place caullid Trenewith. S. David Chirch in
the Suburbe of Brekenok ftoode ons on this Brooke, and lpillid
aUuvione was remevid to an other Place. e i
The Hilles caullid in Walfeh Munnith e gader appere in Foi. 71.
Talegarth about Dinas, and fo to the Places about Nanthond-
dy, and with fum Part of thes Montaines meate the greate
Hilles caullid Banne Brekeniauc, and renneth in Lenght to
the Blake Monta-ne to my Eftimation apon an xviii. Miles.
When I apprpchid nere the Hay, and began to difcend Foi. 72.
from thens I faw on the hither Side of Wy a good Mile from
the Hay the Caftel of Ctereho. After pafling over Wy River,
the which for lak of good Knowleg yn me ol the Fourde
did fore troble my Horfe, I cam in crepufeulo to the Hay.
The Hay ftondith hard apon Wy, and yet fheuith the To
ken of a right ftrong Waulle, having in hit iii. Gates and
a Pofterne. Ther is alfo a Caftel, the which fumtime hath
bene right ftately.
Within the Toune is but one poore Paroche. In the Sub
urbe hard by Wy is a Paroche Chirch meately fair. Ther is
alfo in the Suburbe a Chapel wher on a Sunday I hard Meffe.
Not far from the Paroche Chirch in the Suburbe is a great
rounde Hille of Yerth eaft up by Menne? Hondes other for
a Wynd Mille to ftond apon, or rather for fum Fortres of
Bataille. The

6z LELAND'S ITINERARY.
The Toun of the Hay yet hath a Market, but the Toun
within the Waulles is wonderfully decaied. The Ruine is
adfcribed to Oene Glindour.
One fhewid me in the Town the Ruines of a Gentilman's
Place caullid Waulwine, be whofe meanes Prince LLuelin
was fodenli taken at Buelth Caftel, and ther beheddid, and
his Hedde font to the Kinge.
Duleffe a prety River rifing in the Montinnes about a iii.
Myles from Hay cummeth even thorough the Toun, and
ftrait into Wy without the Eft Gate of the Town. In Feldes
hard by in Ploughyng hath be founds ofttimes numifmata
Romanorum, the wich ther communely be caulhd the
fewis Mony.
The Tounne longgid to the Duke of Bokingham. It per-
teinith now to the Lord Staford his Sonne Artures HiUe,
and fumme other of the [Bankjnes veri manifeftly apere to
a Man loking out of the W[eft Gate] of Hay.
Cumming to the midde way bytwixt the Hay and Breknok
I left on the lift Honde the great Ruines of the Caftel of
BroynUes in Canterceli, and faw on the lifte Hond alfo a ii.
Mies from BroynUes on the Toppe of an Hille the Ruines
of Dinas Caftel.
And then to Brekenok, wher nere to the Toune I cam ftille
doune Hilles, feing Honddye River, and the Foote enterid
into the Suburbe of Brekenok by Port Hene.
Going from Brekenok toward LLinfeuathan a ii. Miles out
g
of Brekenok I faw the Caftel of a Penkelthle, leving it on the
lifte Honde. And at the LLinnfeuathan I law on the right
Honde fcant a Mile of BlainUeueny Caftel.
Going from Breknok to Englifeh Talgarth Chirch, and fo
to Mr. William Vehans dwelling at Porthamal 1 lefte, almoft
at Talgarth Chirch, BroynUes almoft a Mile on the lifte
Honde, and Dinas a ii. Miles on the right Hond.
Cumming from Brekenok toward LLanameueri within lefle
then iii*. Miles 1 enterid into the great Foreft of Brekenok,
The Foreft wher Menne of late were not wont to paffe without tolle
i.. in mfch of Mony. and fo thorough that a b iii. to the lide Foreft,
"" "'.ve*'- levinS Wtsk alway on the right Hond, and about the Ende of
'ture Pfor "" tne fi^e Foreft I faw a litle Pile on Wiske ftrongli buildid as
Viatfan. a Logge. The People fay ther that it was buildid ol a Ladi,
the w.ch alfo buildid much of Breknok CafieU, caullid Malt
tva
c Albere. This was fhe that fum caul Matabrune, of whom
.. Tciiigkelthle St. b _,_.(._ Myle .urn St. ir B. _¦ Wa fupra lin. deeftinSt. ib

LELAND'S ITINERARY. <_?
Saga
fo many Fables be told as of a a Wiche. And about a Mile
thens I cam to Trecaftel Toune, fumtime a large Borow
and Market, now much in Ruine, wherby yet apperith the
Ruines of a Caftel. In the Botom of this Toun rennith
Luggun, a Brooke riling a ii. Miles of in a Marifch on the
Side of an Hille, and by Trecaftel rennith into Wiske. Ther
is Buillding on the farther Side of this River hard joining to
Trecaftel, and is caullid the Bisjhops Toun, and it kepith Law-
day at LLan\dew\ Lordfhip a Mile from Brekenok as Tre
caftel [dothe at Brekenok, .]
Then paffing upwarde the Hille a Mile and more I left on Foi. 73.
u
the right Honde Munnith b de the Blake Montaine, and a ii.
Myles thens alfo on the lift Hond apperid the Place wher
rhe River of Wiske doth fpringe, as owt of a Fontaine or
Welle caullid Blainwiske.
The Ground from Trecaftel to LLanameueri is hilli, for
the moft part baren of Wood, but toward the Valley wherin
LLanameueri is fet meately plenteful of Pafture and Corne.
And here marke that not xxx. Yeres ago ther was nother
Barley fowid in the Lordfhip of Brekenok nor LLanameueri,
but Inhabitantes did by their Barlei owt of the Partes of Her
fordjhire, and moche other Corne, wher as now thei have
ynough for their oune ufe and alfo to felle.
About a c iii. a this fide LLanamuery is a Rillet of veri
bare Streame, wher is a limes betwixt the Lordlhippe felf of
Brekenok and LLanameueri.
Trecaftel is a ix. Miles from Brekenok, <* and Breknok, and
LLanameueri is vi. Milis thens.
A litle or I cam to LLanameueri I paflid oVer a Brooke
caullid Guitherik, whos Courfe was not long or it cam into
e
Towe not far from the Toune of LLanamuery.
Not far of this Brooke 1 cam over Brane River that ri
fith a xii. Mies of, and cummith hard by the Foote of LLa
nameueri Caftel.
And even almoft by hit paflid over the litle Brooke ol
Eueri, renning thoroug the middes of the Toun of LLa
nameueri. So that the Caftel hath on the one fide Brane
River, and on the other Euery Brooke.
Brane a lide beneth Caftel, and alfo Euery goith into the
e
great River of Towe.
a Saga fupra lin. deefi in St. 4 Den St. c *Addc Myles cum St. &. B.
i Sic etiam in St. fed and Breknok defunt in B.
LLana-

64 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
LLanameueri a poore Market, much ftanding by Repears
that cary Fifche from the Quarters of Cairmardine to the
a lowers Partes of Wales, hath but one Streate, and that
poorley buildid of thatchid Houfes. To the Tounlet longg-
ith on Chirch withyn, and a nother a Quarter of a Mle oute
of the Toune.
Paffing owt of LLanameueri within a ii. Forow lenght I
rode over the River of Towe, the wiche ther oftentimes
dronith in Winter divers Menne lor lakkc of a Bridge, and
thens or I cam to Abremarlais iiii. Miles of I paflid over ii.
Brokes whereof the one was caullid Munneys.
Marleis Broke maketh no great Courfe, but cumming
thorough the Parke that he givith Name onto goith into
Tewi. In Marleis Parke is a welle favorid Stone Place motid,
new mendid and augmentid bi Sir Rhefe ap Thomas. Ther
now dwellithe Thomas ap Jonys an Efquier.
The Grond bytwixt LLanameueri and Abremarlais is well
wooddid. r I lernid at LLanameueri that Towe cummith by LLan-
falfe * < gerik in Powifland in the Lordfhip of Arnftle, and that is
£ Hedde is not far thens. _.
Cumming from Abremarleis a ii. Mies toward Cairmar
dine I faw on the right Hond about a iii. Miles of the de-
folate Priori of White Chanons, communely caullid b Tal-
ley alias.
Again forward to good Mies more I rode doun into a
greate Botom wherin ranne the preti River of Dules and fo
e
into Towe.
But or I came into the Vale I efpied on the right Hond
the Caftel of Dineuer by Eftimation a iii. Mies of in cite-
riori rip a Teuii.
From this Duleffe about a ii. Mile farther I paflid over
a nother caullid • . . ... . And a iii. or iiii. Miles
beyond that I roode over a nother Riveret caulhd Dules that
e
goith into Towe hard by Driftan Caftel.
Foi. 74. Dryflan (as 1 lernid) is as moch to fay as a Place ful of
Dtfficulte a?id Encombrance to paffe thorough.
A iii. Miles beyound this 1 paflid over a great Bridge,
under the wich rennith the fair River of Cothey and not
e
veri far into To we.
a Lower St. B. b Priory of Talley Allians in oraCodicis Stoveani. Poft
alias in Cod. B. puntla ctuiniiue ponuntur.
And

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 65
And fo thorow a litle Valle, hi Hilles being on eche Side,
onto Abreguile a iii. Mies or more, wher is a fair Collegiate
Chirch of Prebendaries longging to S. David.
And a Mle thens to Cairmardein.
From Cairmardine to Cowen Bridge. Cowen rifith at Blain-
cowen a ii. Miles or more above the Bridge, and after into
Taue River. g
From Duddey a Flint fhot of to Carthkiny River that ren- From _•._..»
nith under the Townlet of a Saind clare. Bridge to
From thens to Whitland apon Taue iiii. Mies. Duddey Ri-
But or I cam to Whitland 1 paflid over the Brooke of Venny. veret"
As I here fay ther is a Foreft by LLanandeuery.
But bytwixt Cairmardin and Whitland is in no Place fuch
Plenti of Wood as is at Whitland felf ftanding in a vaft
Wood as in a Wildemes. Moch Ground otherwife and
Hilles abowt hit baren of Wood. .
From Whitland paffing toward LLanfeth half a Mile owt
of Whitland I -paflid over the litle Broke of Marleis, and fo
continuing my Jorney by meane Hilles and Dales cam to
i
LLanfeth wherby the Bisfhop of S. David's hath a Place of
Stoone after Caftel Fafcion ftonding b on . . . Brooke
that goith to the fait Water by Penbroke.
Bytwixt Whitland and LLanfeth is xii. Walfehe Miles, con-
teining abowt an xviii. Englifeh Miles.
Al the hy Way betwixt Whitland and LLanfeth is almoft
hethy, yet on everi Side fumwhat diftant 1 fau in Valleis
and on Hille Sides good Corne.
But the Ground is fumwhat baren of Wood, as al Pen-
brookjhire almoft is, excepy wher a few Parkes be. But the
Ground in divers Partes of Penbrokefhire berith Se Coles,
wherwith communely the People make Fier and with Firres,
as thei do alfo about Cairmardine, though ther be better Plenti
of Wood. Bi one of thes Coles Pittes being a iiii. Miles
z
from LLanfeth I cam.
Alfo almoft in the midde Wai betwixt Whitland and
LLanfeth I faw a Place on the right Hand as it wer a Caftel
diftant by Eftimation a iii. Miles.
And within a ii. Miles of LLanfeth on the right Hond I
faw the Caftel of Carew repairid or magnificently buildid by
Rhefe ap Thomas. It ftondith by a Creke of Milford Haven.
From LLanfeth to Penbrok is but a good Mile.
Penbroke ftandith apon an Arme of Milford, the wich a-
a Seint David St, b On a Broke St.
Vol. y. T bout

66 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
bout a Mile beyond the Towne creketh in fo that it almoft
peninfulatith the Toune that ftandith on a veri maine Rokki
Ground. The Toune is welle waullid and hath iii. Gates by Eft,
Weft and North, of the wich the Eft Gate is faireit and
ftrongeft, having afore hit a compafid Tour not rofid, in the
entering wherof is a Portcolys ex felido ferro.
The Caftel ftondith hard by the Waul on a hard Rokke,
and is veri larg and ftrong, being doble wardid. In the
utter Ward I faw the Chaumbre wher King Henri the vir.
was borne, in Knowlege wherof a Chymmeney is new made
with the Armes and Badges of King Henri the vn. In the
Botom of the great ftronge rownd Tower' in the inner Ward
is a mervelus Vault caullid the Hogan. The Toppe ol this
round Towr is gatherid with a Rofe of Stone almoft in co-
num, the Top wherof is keverid with a flat Mile Stone.
In the Toune be a ii. Paroche Chirchis, and one in the
Suburbe. Montaine a Celle of Blak Monkes in the Suburbe is fup
preflid. The Toune hath bene welle * build, and the Eft Suburbe
hath bene almoft as great as the Toun, but now it is totally
yn Ruine.
Foi. 7j. Cumming from LLanfeth towarde Tinbighe I rode by a
ruinus Waulle of a Parke fumtime longging to Syr Rhefe,
now voide of Dere. In the Parke is veri tide or no hye
Woode, but Shrubbis and Fyrris, like as is in the ii. Parkes
about Carew waullid with Stones.
The Chirch of S. Florein and Tounlet is in a Botom by
the Parke.
A htle beyond this as more then half way betwixt Penbroke
and Tinbigh apperid the Caftel of Mainorpirrhe a Mile of on
the right Hande. It ftandith as it were betwixt to pointing
Hillettes, betwene the wich the Severn Se gulfith in almoft
the length of a Quarter of a Mile.
Thens to Tinbigh.
Tinbigh Town ftondith on a main Rokke, but not veri hy,
and the Severn Se fo gulfeth in about hit, that at the ful Se
almoft the thirde Part of the Toune is indofid with Water.
The Toune is ftrongeli waullid, and welle gatid, everi Gate
having his Portcolis ex felido ferro. But that Gate that ledith
to Cairmardin ward is moft femelieft, as circulid without
with an embatelid but open rofid Towr, after the Fafcion
of the Eaft Gate of Penbroke. Without this Gate is a preti
Suburbe. * Buyldyd St. B. In

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 67
In the Mddes of the Town is a faire Paroche Chirch.
The Toun it felfe lakkith frefch Water, wherfore utun-
tur importata.
From Tinbigh I went to the Cole Pittes on a Hille Topp
ii. Mies of, not far from the Severne Shore. And a good
Mile beyond them I roode thorough a Wood not veri greate,
butyet the faireft that 1 remembre that I faw in Penbrokjhire.
Thens I enterid again into Whitland Way.
The nereft Trajeilus into Caldey is almoft in the midde
Way bytwixt Mainorpirrhe and Tinbighe at a Poynlet, and
ther it is htle above a Mile.
Beinge againft Mainorpirrhe I faw Lundey lying far of
in the Severn Se.
Cumming from Cairmardine toward LLandewihreui , a
Mle owt of Cairmardine, I paflid over Guily River, and fo
folouid the Curfe of hit, having yt in fighte by the Riding of
iiii. or v. Miles, marking divers fide Brokes going into hit
as into the Botom of the Valley.
Then riding per aliquot miliaria I began to fe Tyue River,
and kept it ftil in fight, riding ftille by Stony Hilles and
Valleys, and paffing thoroughe a Wood of Okes caullid
 and after by a prety LLin on the right Hond
cawllid Gogurne, and fo leving alfo hard on the right Hond
Pencragan, a Rokke fo caullid bycawfe it is a rounde coppid
Hil of Stonis, cam a fide of into a vile Cotage ftanding in
a Vale by Tiue to bayte.
Thens Irode to LLandewy Wv.Miles of, ^^ fumf
benvixt die which Places I faw a prety LLm cauUid ^ - b fj
not far from Tyui fide caulhd LLmpeder fum- k ftondith ^ >
what bigger then LLtngogurn; but 1 faw out groo]je
of neither of them any notable Iflue of Water.
I faw alfo a Bridge or ii. over Tiue.
Landewi brebui is but a fimple or poore Village. I paflid
over a litle Broke to entre into hit. It is fet among Mon
taines on a every but by Weft, wher is the Valley of Tiue.
Tiue River is about half a Mile of. The Collegiate Chirch
of Prebendaries ftandith fumwhat apon a hy Ground, but it is
rude. Thens to Tregaron ii. Miles, wher is a Chirch ftandin
apon a round Coppe of eaft Yerth.
By rennith a Broke caullid ....
So paffing under a hy Hille fide, I faw hard by on the lift
Honde a great Fenny More, owt of the wich the Inhabi-
tantes therabout digge Turfes for Fier, and by the fame
Fenne is a fair LLin cawlhd LLinridde ii. Miles from LLinrithe.
Strateflur. a uAddc Side.
I a Strate-

^8 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Strateflure is fet round about with
a Stratfier of fum caullid Montanes not far diftant, except on
bycaufe  bytwixt the Weft Parte, wher Diffrin Tyue is.
it and Flere Brokes. of fum Many Hilles therabout hath bene well
 it ftode in the woddid, as evidently by old Rotes ap-
 - ". perith, but [now in them is almoft no
Woode]
Foi. ,6. The Caufles be thefe ; Firft the Wood cut doun was never
copifid, and this hath beene a great Caufe of Deftmdion of
Wood thorough Wales. Secondly after cutting doun of
Wooddys the Gottys hath fo bytten the young Spring that
it never grew but lyke Shrubbes. Thirddely Men for the
nonys deftroied the great Woddis that thei lhuld not har-
borow Theves. The Chirch of Strateflere is larg, fide
The Fundation of the Bo- ilid and croffe ilid. By is a large Cloy-
dy of the Chirch was made fter. the Fratry and Infirmitori be now
to have bene 6o.Foote lengg- mere Ruines. The Ccemiteri wherin
er then it is now. the Cunteri about doth buri is veri
large,and meanely waullid withStoone.
In it be xxxix. great Hue trees. The bafe Court or Camp
afore the Abbay is veri fair and large.
Thens I went a good half Mile by Tiue Vale, and a Mile
and a half up the craggi and ftoni Montaines to LLin Tiue,
palling over Ciarduy
and ii. Miles beyound b hit to Cregnaulin. If I had goone
from thens a Mile of to a hy Hille I might have fene Penlm-
mon, then diftant a v. Miles. The Hilles bytwyxt Linne,
Tyue and CragnaugUin were not in fight fo ftony as the HiUes
bytwixt Stratfier and LLin Tyue.
I ftanding on Creggenaugllin faw in no Place within fight
no Wood but al Hilly Paftures.
From Strateflere I roode by rank, hylli and valley Paftures
_-0*a ii. Walfehe Miles, and fo palling over Maknant a wild
Brooke renning on Rokkes and a nother whos Name 1 re
membre not, cam to the thirde caulhd NantUuys, and therby
on the right Hond I faw an Hille caullid Crag John, and fo
over Melewen River that therby in fight went ynto U/l-
witb River.
Or I cam to Melewen I had riden be the Space of a iii.
Miles in Comeufewith.
From Melewen I enterid to the Valley of Ufiwith, fo na-
rowly with Rokky Montaines enclofid, that in Wynter the
Streame occupieth al the Botom of the Valley.
a Tliefe broken Words in the Marg. are nant ing in St. & B. b Voces fupra lin.
defunt in St. ir B. Firft

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 69
Firft entering this Botom I faw on the right Hond.an*^
Hille caullid Menitheny. Toward CregnauUinn.
The firft River be fide Tyue that I paflid over was clardue,
that is to fay Blak clare, no great Streame but cumming Ei*k.cu,-t.
thoroug Cragges. In the farther Side of hit I faw ii. veri
poore Cotagis for Somer Dayres for Catel. and hard by were
ii. Hillettes, thorough the wich clarduy paffith, wher they
fable that a Gigant ltriding was wont to wafch his Hondes,
and that Arture killid hym. The Dwellers fay alfo tiiat the
Gigant was buried therby, and fhew the Place.
clarduy rifith about half a Mile from that Place in a ? Mares, white a_r.
and rennyng ii. Waljch Milys in al goith into clarwen, clar-
wen rifith in a Valley not far from LLinynig'm Velen, that is
a good Mile from CargnauUinn. After that clarwen hath re-
ceivid Clarduy he rennith a iii. Miles or he cum into Alen
River far bigger River then other of b ther of the clars.
Alen River rifith in the blain or upper Part of Comeuft-
with in Ca':rdiga?i(hire, and renning iiii. Walfeh Mies cum
mith into Owy, caullid in Englifeh Wy, a lide beneth Rather
gowy a Market Toun yn Comemytother. It is caulhd Rather
Owy bycaufe it ftondith on Wy River. But or ever I cam to
Clarduy, that is about a iii. Mile from Tftradfler, I paflid per
Monies praruptos, per paludes <& invia S axa, and cam to LLin
Tyue, the wich is in Cumpace a iii. Quarters of a Mile, be
ing ii. Mies be Eaft from Sratefere.
It is. fedde fro hyer Places with a lide Broker, and'iflueth
out againe by a fmaulle Gut. Ther is in it veri good Trouttes
and Elys, and noe other Filch.
. From clarduy to CragnauUinn is a good Mile by Eft, and
ftanding by a Stone on the Top of this Hille I faw v. Poolis
by South Weft, wherof the biggeft is LLinn Heligna, <= fliorter
Lignante, having no other Filch but Trouttes and Elys.
One Side of the Poole, that is the South Side, hath Trouttes Foi. 77.
as redde as Salmon. The Weft Side hath white, likewife as
hath LLin Tyue-. This Pole is feene to be fedde with no
Brooke, and hath a Brooke ifluing out of hym of his oune
Name, ahd cummith into Tyue in the Weft Side of Tyue half
a Mile above Stradfler.
LLinnher, i. longus lacus, for it is iii. Quarters of a Mile
in lenght, having no great Bredthe nor Ifliie of Brok owt of
hit, but plentiful of Trouttes and Elys.
LLinn Gorlan hath no Ifliie, but berith Elys and Trouttes.
a Mirifhe St. b Them for ther in St. Of ther are wanting in Burton.
c Short St. & B. LLin-

7° LELAND'S ITINERARY.
LLingronn hath an Iflue, and femid to me hard yolnid
to LLin Gorlan.
LLin Tyue the fifte apperid alfo from Cragnaulin, but di
ftant a Mile from the other iiii.
Nere about the Cragnaulin Stone apperid other iii. Pollis.
LLin Veryddon Vaur havyng Trouttes and Elis but no
Broke cumming into hit or going owt.
LLinn Veryddon Vehan having Trouttes and Elys, but no
Brok cumming into hit or going owt.
Dinduy, i. e. locus niger, even under the Botom of the
Hille Side having Trouttes and Elys but no Broke cumming
into hit or going oute.
»
LLinynigin Velin that is a Mile from the Stone by South
Weft. Tnigin is to fay a quaking More. Velen is yelow of
the Color of the Mofle and corrupt Greffe about hit.
Of al thes Pooles none ftondith in fo rokky and ftony
Soile as Tyue doth, that hadi alfo withyn hym many Stonis.
The Ground al about Tyue, and a great Mile of toward
Stratfier is horrible with the fighte of bare Stones, as Creg-
eryri Montaines be.
LLinne 
Lacus Pe- LLinnUanabeder within half a Mile of LLanbeder having
Trouttes and Elys.
th
LLinnyrydde having Trouttes and Elys [ftandinge by a
great Few a on themia wos, it wy] 

trinus.

Thes iiii. Poles be in the ...ordfhip of Pennarth longging
to the principal of the Hoghans. The chefe Toun of this
ch
Lordfhip being in Cairdiganfhire is Tregaron. But the Ab-
bate of Strateflere hath much Landes in the fame Lordfhip,
and thes iii. Pooles longe to the Abbat of Stratftere.
LLin Tridde ii. Miles from Strateflere owt of whom goith
a lide lflue or Broket. 1 writ of this afore.
LLinycregnant a bigge Poole veri fill of Trouttes and Elys.
It is from Strateflur a iii. by Weft toward LLanandeuery.
LLinne duy, i. lacus niger, very deape and ful of Trouttes
and Elys. It is iii. Miles by South from Strateflur toward
Buelth Lordlhippe.
LLinnygorres, not ii. Miles from LLinduy .Gorffe in Walfehe,
a Myer in Englifeh. It hath Trouttes and Elys.
a 1 have put Points wider thefe Words, which I took_from Stowe, becaufe
they are corrupted. In B. they are read thtu : in the midde way betwixt . .
Al

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 7r
Al thes that be byfbre fave LLinn LLanabeder,znd al thes
that folow long to the Abbat of Strateflere.
LUnngynon apon a hy Montaine iiii. Mies from Strate-
flure by South Weft, having Trouttes and Elys, and a litle
Ifliie owt of hit, and goith into the Broket that cummith owt
of LLin Helignant. th
LLinn Creg Uoydon v. Myles or vi. from Stratfier toward
Poyfland. It hath an Ifliie that goith into Elan or Alan Wa
ter, that goith into Wy.
LLin Winge is almoft yoinid to LLinncregUoydon, but it
hath no Ifliie.
The River of Alan in the next Part of hit is viii. Miles Foi. 78.
from Strateflere, and ther parteth Cairdiganfhire from the
Lordfhip of Rather or Comemytother. Rather is the chefe
Toun yn Comytother.
Al the Montaine Ground bytwixt Alen and Strateflure
longgeth to Stratefleere, and is almofte for wilde Paftures and
Breding Grounde. in fo much that everi Man there about
puttith in Belles as many as they wylle without paiyng of
Mony. From Stratefler toward Lanandeueri is xviii. Miles, of the
wich xii. Miles of Montain Grounde partely Pafture Soyle
partely ^longgith to Strateflere, and ther about partith Cairdi
ganfhire from Cairmardinejhire. For therby hath Stratefler
a Graunge caullid Nant bay in Cairmardineflsire.
Strateflur is xx, Waljch Mies from Mahenclif, and al the
Soile bytwyxt is Montanius ful of Pafture for a xvi. Mies,
but within a iiii. Myles of Mahen Wooddy.
From Stratefler to LLangyric {fanum cyriaci ) xii. Mies.
LLangynk is in Amfteley Lordfhip in Poifland. Wy renning
therby devidith Cairdiganfhire from Powiflande. Of thefe
xii. Miles viii. be Montainous Ground longging to Stratefler,
al for Pafture.
Betwixt Stratefler and * Buelth Toun xvi. of thes be vi.
in Cairdiganfhire, the wichf thewiche" Towe River devidith
from Cairdiganjhire. Al this vi. Mies is montayne Ground
for Pafture, and longgith to Strateflure Abbay. but the Pa
ftures of thes Hilles be freto the Inhabitantes, as well as al
other montaine Pafture longging to Strateflere.
The Paftures of the Montaynes of Cairdiganfhire be fo
great that the hunderith part of hit rottith on the Ground,
and maketh Sogges and Quikke More by long Continuaunce
for lak of firing of hit. 
_k Sic. * Buelth Lordfhip and Toune 16. Miles, Of thefe 6. be in Cairdi
ganfhire, ire. -j- Redundant. Afore

7a LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Afore the new Acre LLanduebreui was a feparate Lord
fhip, limes on the one fide to Cairmardinfhire, on the Other
fide to Cairdiganfhire.
From Strateflur to Cairdigan xxx. but caullid xxvni.
Tiue devidith toward the Mouth Penbrokfhir from Cairdi
ganfhire. From Cairdigan to Aberufiwith a Market Toun ons waullid
* xxx. From Aberufiwith to Aberdeuy vi. Miles. Deuy devidith
Cairdiganjhire from Merionithjhire in North Wales.
Mahenclif 'in Poifland vi: Miles from Aberdeui.
LLandewibreui xxiiii. Miles from Cairdigan.
Foi. 79. The Abbat of Whiteland told me a meri Tale of one
that purchafid a Licens by a Color of ii. Rivers about Powyfe
land, of the wich (as I remember) foundid that in Waljch,
that is in Englifeh, a Hogge of ii. Teres, and the other a
Hogge ofiii. Teres.
Ther hath beene in Times pafte a greate Mine Digging
for Leade in Comeuftwith a vi. Myles from Strateflur, wher
is a Gfaunge longging to Strateflure. But fum Menne fup-
pofe that it fefid, bycawfe the Wood is fore waftith.
A Monke of Strateflur told me that for a certenty Newport
in Kemmifeand is caullid Tredraith in Walfeh.
Ther is a Chirch caullid LLanfanfride vii. Miles from
Aberufiwith upper to Cairdigan on the Se Side, and ther
hath bene great Building. But wither this was the Abbay of
LLanfride of the wich mention is made in the Booke de
Dotations Ecclefia S. Davidis, or no, 1 can not telle.
Ther is a nother LLanfanfrid in Comyt other, and peraven-
ture this is that LLanfanfride Nunneri made in a newer
World, of the which Giraldus fpekith.
Ther hath bene great Building at LLanruftyt, a Mle lower
on the Se Banke then LLanfanfride in Cairdiganjhire, and
fum fiippofe that ther hath bene a Nunnery.
Uftwitb rifith owt of a f Mares Grounde caulhd Blaine
Uftwith iii. Miles from + LLangibike on Wy. It is in Come
uftwith, and fo rennidi good vi. Miles thorough Comeuft
with, and a vi. or vii. mo Miles to Abreuftwith.
'^-y> Tyue rennith from the Hedde ftil almoft playne Weft on-
tille he touchith widiin a vi. Miles of Cairmardin, and then
turneth toward the Northe.
Towe rifith a iiii. Myles by South from LLinntyue in a
Morifch Ground, and hath no LLin at his Hedd, and by
Eftimation rennith a xxii. Mies or he cum to LLanam-
* . 4,lde Miles cum St. c~ B.&- ficpaullo fuperiut. j Marilh B. $ LLangirt\ B.
detiery.

LELAND'S ITINER.ARY. 73
deuery. He firft rennith fumwhat by South, and then a greate
way by Weft, and at the laft turneth againe toward South.
So about the Mdle of this Wfewith Botom that I ridde Z__V °'
yn, being as I gefle a iiii. Miles yn lenght, I faw on the right "^s
Hond on a Hille fide clothmoyne, wher hadi bene great
Digging for Leade, the melting wherof hath deftroid the
Wooddes that fumtime grew plendfulh therabout. I hard
a mervelus Tale of a Crow fedd by a Digger there, that
tooke away his f fedd Purffe, and wille the Digger folowid
the Crow for his Purs, the refidew of his felows were op-
preflid in ±e Pitte with a Ruin.
So leving Uftwith Botom, and taking up a hy Hille I cam
a Mile of to a Place wher I faw a great grene Place in a
Botom, owt of the wich Morifch Plot Uftwith doth rife, and
withyn a flit Shot of that I faw an other like Plot, owt of
the wich fpring a litle Riveret cumming to Wy that ranne a
good Mile beneth in a Botom.
So paffing over Wy, and + fliyng up a Hill I lokid bak and
vuyd Penlimnmon the Hed of Wye. It femid to me a veri hy
Montaine, and was diftant by gefle a vi. Miles.
From Strateflere to this Place I faw almoft nother Wood
nor Come, but after the Soile waxid ftil pleafant, having fair
Medows, Corne and Wood.
So to LLan Kirik apon Wy a good -., _ .. .... ,
Mile of, and ii. Miles by Corne, Wood J"*™ " not "• M£s be-
and Medows to LLan Tdlas on Se- twixt the Streames of J^ and
Severn-
Sum Brokettes were bytwixt, but of fmaulle name.
To LLandynnan iiii. Mies of on Severn by good Corne
Ground and Medows with veri much Plenti of Woodde.
And like in the v. Miles to Newton, wher at one Side of
the Toune cummith a lide Brooke ynto Severn.
And yn like forme the [*vi. Myles
to Montogmmrye7\ Bytwixt Newton and Mont-
Going from Montgomerik to the gomery I faw on the lift Hond
Walfehe Poole a v. Myles of I paffid apon a Woodd Hille Topp
over aFordeof Severn. TheSoilebe- the Waulles now ruinus of
twixt thes to Tounnes lakkith nother Taluarran Caftel.
Come nor Woode, but the Grounde
about the Bankes and Valley of Severn there is moft pleafaunt.
The Toune it felf of the Walfeh Pole is of one Paroche
wel buildid after the Walfeh Fafcion. Gledding a Riveret
cummith almoft by the Chirch, and fo to Severn that is a
 of.

f Feeder's B. £ Strivinge B. * V. Burton.
Vol. y. K Caftel

74 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
r» i t-> a 1 •„ *,;«. Caftel Cougbdh Englifeh Redde CafteL
By the Caftel is a faire ^^ on f fc^ £f darkC) ^
palidParlc. colorid Stone. It hath ii. feperatid
Bituixt the Tounne and Ca- w^d wherof the one was ^ Lord
ftelGough is a preati ZX;« .Buddek> Now bc;th long to the
or Poole wherof the Toun Lord p7 *
takith Name. From fhe ^tf^fe P(?(,/e t0 AlberU
byri a vii. Miles,, Hilly. The Soile is Wooddy, the Valley
Comeful. By the Hillis I paffid over iii. or iiii. preaty
Brookis, whos Names I know not.
And wille I paflid this way within a iii. Miles of Walfeh
Pole 1 faw a veri notable Hille beyound the Valley on the
lift hond having iii. Toppes as iii. Heddes riling owt of one
Body. Thes Toppes I firft efpied d fronte about Neuton a
xiiii. Miles of, and after Shreusbiry and White Chirch paflid, a
xvi. Miles of I faw them againe a tergo.
By this Hille I roode by the lenght of a iii. Miles, one of
* Toppes wherof being hyeft is eaulid Molegolua, the wich
, c , T..„ is countid a limes of the fartheft Part
NoVacr_. T £ceS V- u ofPowifiandthztwzy. The fecunde is
ententh Shropfhir. So ther be __
limitesof . . ..Pois, Caurfe cmm Brithin bdng in C<T^/(W^
land, and Shropflire. The Name of' £he ^ T kno^ nQtj
but communely thei be caullid Brethin HiUes.
By Alberbyri Chirch in Shropfhir appere the Ruines of
Fulke Guarine, the Noble Warriars Caftel, and leffe then a
Mile of was album Monafierium, f where is buried 
fuppreflid for Chicheles College in Oxforde.
Bytuixt Albertbiri and Shreusbiri a vi. Miles of Ground
plentiful of Corne, Wood and Pafture.
From Shreusbiri to Haghmon Abbiy of Blak Chanons ii.
Miles. Within iii. Quarters of a Mile leving Severn on the
right hond 1 enterid into a Woodde, and fone after over a
Broke that iflueth thoroug Penlefmere, and fone after goith
into Severn.
Foi. 8 1. Thens ridyng partely thorough Morifch Grounde and Pa
fture I cam to Morton Corbet Village, wher I faw a fair Ca
ftel of Mr. Corbettes, and a ii. Miles beyond that I paflid over
Roden Riveret, rifing not far above Went Village, a Mile
from that Place.
Mr. Sanford hath a Place And fo a v. Miles to Price a lide
and a fair Poole by yt in a Thoroug-fare a vii. Miles of, the Way
Wood fide, a Mile and a half being fumwhat plaine, hethy, and parte-
from Pryce. ly frutefiil of Come. So to White hirch
* The Topps St. B. f Where he is buried, fupprefled for ire. B. by

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 7y
by meately fruteful, fandy Ground a iii. Mylis. At the hi
ther Ende of Whitchirch is a veri faire poole, having Bremes,
Pikes, Tenches, Perches and Daces, the wich except Bremes ^jj
be the commune Fifches of al the Pooles ol Shropfhir e,* Che
fier and Lancafirejhire ; in fum be alfo Trouttes.
The Tounne oi Whitchirch in Shropjhire hath a veri good
Market. And there in the Paroche Chirch is buried Syr Gil
bert Talbot.
From Whitchirch a Mile and a half of I cam by the Pale
of the large Parke of Blakmer longging to the Erie of Shreus
biri, wherin is a very fair Place or Loge. The Park hath
both redde Dere and falow. In the Park (as I hard fay) be
iii. faire Poles, of the wich I faw by the Pale the largeft
caullid Blakein, wherof the Parke is namid.
It is to be fuppofid that thes Pooles for the moft part in ,cd
Morifch Groundes, and lying fumwhat in low Groundes
dreane the moift Places about them, and fo having no Place
to ifliie owt flagne there.
Sum be likelyhod have begon of Marie Pittes. For the
Sandy Grounde of fum Partes of Shropfijire, and efpecially
of Cheflrejhire and Lancafireffire, wille not bere Come plen
tifully but it be [merlyd.]
Sum Pooles peraventure hath g[atheryd] .... and
Water, wher greate plenty [of Turves]
and Petes hath bene diggid. Within half a Mile of Blak-
From Blakemere to Byklem in a Foffe mere Park I cam by Merby
iii. Miles of Sand hard by cholmeley. firft Paroche, wher the Chirch is
I faw the great numbre ol[Firre Trees,] fet in a Botom betwixt too
the wiche the Inhabitantes therby goodly Meres or Pooles.
communely digge up for Fier Wood,
but ther did I fe no Fyrre Trees grouing. Oftentimes in
diggin in this Mofle or More for Petes or Turves they finde
the hole Trees of the firft, fum fhort and fum veri long,
without Twike or Bow, lying fumtime not a Foote, fumtime
iii. or iiii. Foote depe in the Ground, but how or when
thes Trees cam doune other be Cutting or Wind Faulle no
Manne ther can telle. The Wood of them in Burning fa-
vorith of Refine.
Hard on the right hond paffing by this Mofle almoft to
Miles in lenght I faw a greate Wood of Mr. cholmeleys, and
at the farther Ende of this Mofle was a Chapel of Woode,
and in the Botom hard by was Mr. cholmeleis Place, a fair
Building of Tymbre, and motid about with the Water of
. a Poole. From thens to Ri die Parke about half a Mle, wher hard
f Che_hire B.
K* by

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
by the Parke is a right goodly Houfe of Stone and Tymbre
buildid by Sir WiUiam of Standeley, that much favorid King
Henri the vii. Parte at Bofworth Feeld. King Henri the
vii. gave this Place after to one of the
Egertons. From thens to a Place of
Mr. Spur flow caullid Spurftow, made
of Stone and Tymbre, and therby is a
large Poole, cumpafing the Howfe on
the one fide. About that Howfe I law
in the Feldes mervelus good Come and
Paftures.
And leffe then a Quarter of a Mle from that Place is a
greate redy Poole, whither an innumerable fight of Stares
refort at night. From thens to Bumberi half a Mile.
At Bumbiri is a very faire Collegiate
Chirch, endowid by old tyme by Syr
Hughe Caheley Knight.
Thens I ridde to Northwich x.Miles of
 alwayes by Sandy Grounde, leving iii.
. . . '' Miles from Bumbyri Syr John Downe
Knighttes Houfe, half a Mile on the
lift Honde in the Entering of the Foreft of Delamere, the
wich fum way [is xii. Myles in lenght, or more j but I
rydde by it] not paft the lenght of vi. or vii. Miles, and en
tering a ii. Miles within the Foreft having redde Deere and
Falow I paflid over a litle Brooke caullid Sanddiford.
Betwixt Sanddyford and Northwiche I
faw divers Pooles in the Foreft, and to
ward the Ende of the Foreft I lokid to
ward VaUe Royal on the right hond,
about the wich Place be divers fair and
large Pooles.

76

At Ridle Place is a Mere of
Pikes, Bremes, Tenches and
Perches,half a Mile in Bredth,
and a Mile and a half in lenght,
countid for the faireft Mere
of Cheftrejhire.

a Within a Mile and an half
ol" Bumberi is Pecfordton a
goodly Lordfhip having a
great Houfe oi Stone now

Foi. 82.

Wherof one is neere Vale
Roial, as within a Mile, cawl
hd Pety Pole though it be

There is a Place in the Fo
reft of Delamer cawllid the
vii. Loos, wher be feene vii.
h cafieDikes. Tlie People there
fpeke much of them. I think
that they were made by Men
of Wane.

In the Foreft I faw but lide Corne,
bicaufe ©f the Deere.
And as I roode I marked the Foreft
Ground on the right Hond to be plaine
blake Hethi Grounde, and on the lifte
Hond to be fumwhat Hilly and
Wooddy.
Northwich is a prati Market Toune but fowle, and by the
Sakcrs Howfe* be great Stakkes of fmaul clovyn Woode to
fcthe the Salt Water that thei make white Salt of.
The Salt Water Pitte is harde by the Briuke of Dane Ri-

a, Tnefe broken Wards in the Marg, are wanting ir. St.

b Sic. F. Cattle Dikes. ver,

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
ver, the wich within a good But fhott beneth runnith into
Wyver. Apon the Bank, betwixt the Salt fpringging Pitte and Dane
River, I faw congleton, a Market Toun x. Miles of, and
Maxwel Foreft therby.
Ther be ii. Salt Springges at Middlewich, that ftondith, as
I remembre, apon Dane River, and one at Nantwich, the
wich yeldith more Salt Water then the other iii. Wherfore
ther be at Nantwich a iii. hunderith Salters.
The Pittes be fo fet abowte with Ca-
nales that the Sake Water is facily de-
rivid to every Marines Howfe.
And at the Nantwiche very many Ca-
nales go over Wyver River for the Com-
modite of deriving the Water to the
Salters Troughs. They fethe the Salt
Water in Furnefles of Lede, and lade
out the Salt, fome in Cafes of Wiker,
thorough the wich the Water voydith,
and the Salt remaynith. Ther be alfo
a ii. or iii. but veri lide Salt Springs at
Dertwiche in a low Botom, were fum-
times Salt is made, Dertwich is a Mile
and a half from Malpafe Village wher Syr Randal pf Brere-
ton dwellith.
Cumming from Nortkwiche toward Manchefter at North
wich Toune I paflid over a Riveret, and thens riding a v.
Miles be Cawfe way I rode over Waterleffe and Pyverey Ri
ver that be lykelihodde refort to Wyver. and yn this way * I
cam by a Park on the lifte Hond, wher
Mr. Leyrceftre dwellith. And a iiii.
Miles farther I cam by a Parke on the
lifte hond wher Mafter Bouth dwellith,
and aboute that Place by good Culture
is made veri good Corne Ground, wher
fumtime was very fernny and com
mune Grounde. RoBon Mere
And therabout by Rofton Chirch on
the right Hond is a Poole of a ii. or iii.
Miles in lenght,very plentiftil of Fifche.

77

A Mile from Cumbremere
Abbay in time of Mind fank
a Peafe of a Hille having
Trees on hit, and after in that
Pitte fprang Salt Water, and
theAbbate ther began to make
Salt, but the Menne of the
Wichis componid with the
Abbay that ther fhould be no
Salt made. The Pitte yet
hath Salt Water, but much
Filth is faullen into hit.

Here about in a Mofle
Fyrre Woodde.

if

f Table Mr. Leyrceftre Place.
Du?iham Maffe the name of
Mr. Bouth Howfe in his
Parke. Within a iii. Miles of Cros-
ford Bridg on Merfey I cam
over the prati River of Bolyn,
that, as 1 lernid, rifith about

* I came by Tablcy Parke on the left hand, where Mr. Leicefter dwelleth, and a 4.
Miles further I came by Dunham Mafie Parke on the left hand, where Mr. Bathe dwell
eth, and about that Place by good Culture is made very good Corne Ground, ire. B.
j Thefe 3 . Paragraphs in the Marg. are naming in St.
Maxwel

78 LELAND'S ITINERARY,
Maxwel Foreft, and goith a A iii. Miles of I rode over Merfey
good way byneth Crosford Water by a great Bridge of Tymbre
Bridge into Mar fey ". caullid Crosford Bridge.
This Water of Merfey to the veri maine Se departith
Cheftrefhire and Lancaftrefhire. So about a iii. Miles to
Mancheftre,in the wich way firft I left Syr Alexandre Rodcliffes
lift hond over Irteel
Parke and Houfe on the * right Hond. But or I faw that
I paflid over Corne Brooke, and after I touchid withyn a
good Mile of Mancheftre by Mr. Traiford's Park and Place.
And after on the lift hond I faw Mr. Preftwikes Place on
the lift Hond over Irwel, wherby the Lord of Darby hath a
Place, and a Parke caullid Alparte Parke. Here about I
paffid over Medlok River, and fo within lefle then a Mile
to Mancheftre.
Mancejtre on the South Side of Irwel River ftondith in
Salfordfhiret, and is the faireft, beft buildid, quikkeft, and
moft populus Tounne of z\ Lancaftrefhire. yet is in hit but one
Paroch Chirch, but is a College and almoft thoroughowt
doble iiyd ex quadrato lapide duriffimo, wherof a goodly
Quarre is hard by the Towne. Ther be divers Stone Bridgis
in the Toune, but the beft ofiii. Arches is over Irwel. This
Cawlhd Bridge devidith Mancheftre from Salford, the wich is as a
Bridge. larSe Suburbe to Mancheftre. On this Bridg is a praty litle
Chapel. The next is the Bridge that is over Hirke River, on
Foi. .3. the wieh the fair buildid College ftandith as in the veri Point
of the Mouth of hit. For hard therby it rennith into Wyver-
On Hirk River be divers fair Milles that ferve the Toune.
In the Towne be ii. fair Market. Placys.
And almoft ii. flyte Shottes withowt the Towne beneth
on the fame Syde of Irwel yet be feene the Dikes and Fun-
dations of f Old Man Caftel yn a Ground now inclofid.
The Stones of the Ruines of this Caftel wer tranllatid to
ward making of Bridgges for the Toune.
It is not long feafon fins the Chirch of Mancheftre was
collegiatid. The Toun of Mancheftre ftondith on a hard Rokke of
Stone, els Irwel as wel apperith in the Weft Ripe had beene
noiful to the Toune.
Irwel is not navigable but in fum Places for Vadys and
Rokkes. Cumming from Mancheftre toward Morle, Syr William
Lelandes Howfe, 1 paflid by enclofid Grounde, partely pa-
fturablc partely fruteful of Come, leving on the lift Hand
* Defmt voces fupra lin, in St. ir B. f Ould Manchester B. a Mile

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 79
a Mile and more of a fair Place of Mr. Langfordes, caullid
Agecroft, and there is a Bridge veri hy and greate off Tym
bre on Irwel, and thereby is Pilketon Park, and therin is a
Stone Howfe of the Pylketons attayntid by King tienry the
vii. and givin to the Lorde of Darby. And within a ii.
Miles of Morle on the lame hand not far of a Place of Ma
iler Worfeley of the Bouthe.
And fo within a Mile and fumwhat more of Mr. Leland's
^Sgyding
Place I cam over Heding Brooke that ther feperatith Sal-
fordjhire from Darbyjhire.
Morle (in Darbyjhire) Mr. Lelandes Place is buildid faving
the Fundation of Stone fquarid that rifith within a great
Moote a vi. Foote above the Water, al of Tymbre after die
commune forte of building of Houfes of the Gentilmen for
* moft of Lancaftrejhire. Ther is as much Pleafur of Orch-
ardes of great Varite of Frute and fair made Walkes and
Gardines as ther is in any Place of Lancaftrejhire. He bren-
nith al Turfes and Petes for the Comrnodite of Moffes and
Mores f at hand. : For chateley Mofle that with breking up
of Abundance of Water yn "hit did much hurt to Landes
thereabout, and Rivers with wandering Mofle and Corrupte
Water is within lefle than a Mile of Morle. And yet by
Morle as in Hegge Rowes and Grovettes is meately good
Plenti of Woodv, but good Husbandes keepe hit for a Jewell.
Syr John Holcroftes Houfe within a Mile or more of Morle
ftoode in jeopardi with fleting of the Mofle.
Morle ftondith in Leghe Paroche a Mile and more from
the Chirch.
Ridinga Mile and more beyond Morle I faw on the right
hond a Place nere by of Mr. Aderton, and fo a ii. Miles of
to Lidiate Moffe, in the right fide wherof my Gide faid that
ther were Rootes of Fyrre Wood.
Abowt this Moffe I began to fe a Hille or Hilles on the
right Hond that ftil continuid on the fame hand as a mighty
long bank ondl I cam to Lancaftre. One Part of this Hille
wher I faw it firft is caullid Faierlokke. But oommunely
the People therabout caulhth hit Riven- a Stonding on aWater caullid
pike. One told me that aboute Lidiate Andertonford : and Anderton
Moffe under the Hille is a Village caullid a Gentilman having a Place
Riven or a Riventon, and ther about I caullid Andreton dwellithe
markid my felf that ther was aCoppe therby, and Mr. Riventons
in the Hille as a Bakke ftondding up a- Howfe by Riventon. Anderton
bove the Refidue of the Hille. Water cummith into Duggles.
* The moft Part of Lancafterfhire B. f Neere at hand B.
Then

80 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Then I cam over Duglcs, communely caullid Duggels,
that cummith by Wigan and goith into
Duggles rennith thoroug the Se toward Latham. This Dugles
Newborow\lilla.g Bridg aMyle wher I paflid over hym is a vii. Miles
and dim. from Latham. from Morle. After a Mle and a half
or more beyond Duggils 1 paffid over
in lelandjhire
TCaro River, and then a Mile and more to chorle a litle Mar
ket Toune in Lelandjhire, the wich about the River of Dug-
gels departith Lelandjhire from Darby flftre.
Taro and Dugles be likelihod fhould cum fro the Hilles
toward Torkefhire.
Ther is befide Chorle Croffeton a Market Toune in Leland
jhire. It is a iii. Miles from chorle, and Latham is a iii. Mies
from hit.
In Lelandjhire be about an eight Paroche Chirchis, wherof
Leland Paroche is one, and, as I remembre, Standich ano
ther, a Eclefion  under the Foote of chorle rennith a
lide flat Brooke. A Mile and half from
b Beyond the Quarre on the chorle I faw on a Hille fide a great
right hond I faw a good Mile Quarre, owt of the wich Men digge
of Leland Paroch wher the veri great and good Mille Stones.
Faringtons <=.... el" aun- Within a Mile of Prefton I cam over
dent Gentilmen dwelle. Darwent River, the which at Penwar-
dine Paroche a Celle to Eve(ham goith
into Ribil.
This Darwent devidith Lelandjhire from Andernes, and a
Mle above beyond the Place wher I paffid over Darwent
Mr. Langton' dwellith at Walton on Darwent, and is Baron
of Newton in d Macrefeld e from f Warington 
Howfe at  Parke g faul  "
Haifa Mle beyond Darwent 1 paflid over the great Stone
Bridge ol RybiU having a v. great Arches.
Foi. 84.. From Ribyl Bridg to Prefton half a Mle. Prefion hath but
one Paro Chirch. The Market Place of the Toun is fair.
Ribil goith round aboute a greate h Peace of the Ground
aboute Toune, yet it touchith not the "ftiune felf by Space
of almoft half a Mile.
Penwardine femid to me more then half a Mle from
Prefton, and ther goith Ribil ftonding in refped: of the Toune
of the farther fide of Ribil, the wich ther devidith the Dice-
a And Belefton. Under B. I have put Points after Eclefton becaufe in the
Orig. is thit mark, Y fignifying that famelhing elfe fhould have been added.
b T\)cfe Words in the Margin are wanting in St. c Deefi B. d Macrefeth St.
e . . . Miles from B. f Thefe broken Words, all except Waring . . . are want
ing in Stowe. g Falleth downe B. h Teace of the Towne, yet ire. St. B.
cefe

LELAND'S ITINERARY. gi
cefe of Cheftre from the Dicecefe of Tork . Penwardine is a
Paroch Chirch and Cdle to Eovejham Abbay, and ftandith
in chefier Dicecefe.
Prefion is in Torke Dicecefe.
From Prefton to Garftane X. Mile.
A Mile without Prefton I rode over Savok a bigge Brooke*
the wich rifing in the Hilles a iii. or iv. Miles of on the right
Hond not veri far of goith into Ribil.
After I rode over Br ok Water rifing a vi. Miles of in the
Hilles on the right Hond, and goith at the laft into Wyre .
Colder rifing about the fame Hilles goith alfo into Wyre.
I rode over hit.
By the Tounes Ende of Garftane I rode over a great Stone
Bridge on Wyuer or I cam to hit.
Wyre rifith a viii. or tenne Myles from Garftan owt of the
Hilles on the right Hond, and cummith by Grenehaugh a
prety Caftel of the Lorde of Darbys, and more then half a
Mile thens to Garftane in Aundernes. Sum faith that Gar
ftan was a Market Toune.
Wyre ebbeth and flowith a iii. Miles
beneth Garftane, and at a Chapel of From Garfton to Saincl Mi-
Alhalowes a x. Miles from Garftan go- hels a Village a ii. Miles, and
ith into the maine Se. a Mile lower on the farther
Or I cam to Garftane by a Mile and Side be the Places of Mr.
a halfe I left Merfcow a great Parke parte- Kyrkeby of Raudeclif, and Mr.
ly enclofid with Hegge, partely al on Bottler of Raudeclif. So a vii.
the Moore fide with Pale. On the right Myle to Alhalois Village, and
it is replenifhid with Redde Deere, then to theSe. Raudeclif of
The Erie of Darby hath hit in Ferme Wimmerlaw a Mile from Gar-
of the King. fton hath hys Place at Wim-
Up toward the Hilles by Grenehaugh merlaw.
[Caftle] be iii. [Forefts of redde Deere,
Wyredale, Bouland, and Blefiale. They be partly Woody,
pardy Hethye] The Ground bytwixt Morle and Prefton
enclofid for Pafture and Come, but were the vafte Mores
andMoffes be, wherby as in Hegges Rowes by fide Grovettes
ther is reafonable Woodde for Buildding, and fum for Fier,
yet al the People ther for the moft part burne Turfes.
Likewife is the Soile bytwixt Prefton and Garftan ; but al-
way the mofle part of Enclofures be for Pafturages.
Whete is not veri communely fowid in thes Partes aforefaid.
Al Aunderneffe for the moft parte in time paft hath beene
fill of Wood, and many of the Moores replenifhid with hy
Fyrre Trees.
But now fuch Part of Aunderneffe as is toward the Se is
fore deftitute of Woodde.
Vol. y. L From

gx LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From Garftane I paflid partely by More Ground, partely
by Pafture and fum Corne, and fo riding over Goket River,
that makith no great Courfe or he cumme to the Sandes by
Cokerham Village not a Mile of. apon the which Sandes I
paffid over Koker River ons or twis again not without fum
Feere of Quikkefandes. At the Ende of the Sandes I faw
divers Salt Cootes, wher were divers Hepes of Sandis taken
of Salt Strondys, owt of the wich by often weting with Wa
ter they pike owt the Saltnes, and fo the Water is derivid
into a Pit, and after fodde.
Thens to cokerfand an Abbay of Cifiertienfes about half
a Mile of, ftanding veri blekely and objed to al Wynddes.
One WiUiam of Lancaftre was Founder of that Houfe a-
bout King Henri the 2. Tyme.
From Kokerfand Abbay I roode over the Sandes, marking
the Salt Cotes, and a Mle of over Condor Riveret [trillinge
by the Sands to] the Se.
Foi. 8r. So to a meane Place cawllid Afeheton of the Kinges Lande,
wher Mr. Leyburne Knight ufith to lye, and from thens a ii.
or iii. Miles to Lancaftre. Lancaftre Caftel on a Hille ftrongly
Ruines of an old Place (as buildid and wel repaired. The new
1 remembre of the Catfelds ) Toune (as thei ther fay) buildid hard
by the Caftel Hille. by yn the Defcent from the Caftel, hav
ing one Paroch Chirch wher fumtime
the Priori of Monkes Alienis was put doune by King Henry
the v. and given to Syon Abbay.
The old Waul of the Circuite of the
If I had kept the hy Shore Priory cummith almoft to Lune Bridge.
Way from Lancaftre to Cum- Sum have therby fuppofid that it was
breland I fhould have gone a Peace of a Waul of the Toune. But
by Cartemaile Sand, wher a yn deade I efpiyd in no Place that
frefch Water doth cum, a vii. the Toune was ever waullid.
Myles; to Cony hed Sande, The old Toune (as they fay ther)
whither a River refortith, a was almoft al burnid -and ftoode partely
viii. Miles ; to Dudden Sandes, beyounde the Blak Freres.
wither a River refortith, a iiii. In thos Partes in the Feeldes and
Miles. Furnis Abbay up in the Fundations hath ben found much iRff-
Montaines a iiii. Mies of. mayne Coyne.
The Soile about Lancaftre is veri
lair, plentiful of Wood, Pafture, Me
dow and Corne.
Cartemaile arid Conijhed Pn- I rode over Lune toward Wart on a
ories of Blake Chanons. vi. Miles ofjwher Mt.Kitfen was borne.
A ii. Mile from Lancaftre the Cunteri
began to be ftony, and a litle to Wax Montanius. Half

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 8?
Haifa Mile from Wart on I paflid over Keri River, cum
ming out of Hilles not far of, and ther ebbing and flouing,
and about Lunefandes going into the Salt Water.
Warton is a preati Streat for a Village.
The Ground beyound Warton and about is veri Hilly and
marvelus Rokky onto Bytham a v. Miles of. In the Rokkes
I faw Herdes of Gotes.
By Bitham is a greate Parke and a goodly Place yn hit of
the Erie of Darby. By Bytham rennith Byth Water a preaty
River, and by likelihood hit refortith toward Kennet.
Thens I roode over a great Bek caullid Staunton Bekke,
and fo ridding a ii. Miles farther cam to a Soile leffe ftony
and more frutefiil of Corne , as fum Whete, much Ootes
and Bade, or Bigge, and fo to Kendale riding over Ken Ri
ver. Ther be about Kendale divers fair Wooddes,as Mafter
Parris Parke, and many other. Kendale is countid as Baronry,
wherof Mr. a Far is Pofleffor.
Folia 8<S, 87. 88, 89, 90. vacant..
From By land ro Newborow a Thoroughfare, wher is a Pri- Foi. 91.
ori of Chanons, a Mile much by Woodde.
From New Gisborow to Crage Caftel, fet on a Hil, a ii.
Mies. Sum fay that Crage was given to Cuthbert lyving.
To Sutton a iii. Miles.
To Torke a vi. Miles, iiii. of them lying totally as a great
plaine Commune, that fervith both for Feeding of Beftes
and for Turves.
From Tork toward by the lenght of a iii. Mile mervelus
good Corne Grounde, but no Plenty of Wood yn neere fight.
In the midde way 1 faw hard on the right Hond a veri fair
large Maner of the Bisfhops of Torke caullid BisfhopsThorpe.
Beyound this iii. Miles the Ground waxith fumwhat
wooddy, and about the iiii. Mile 1 cam hard by Mr. Adam's
Parke wherin is a preaty dwelling Place.
And fo making a iiii. Mies more by the River of Ufe,
wher the Grounde was fair of Pafture, Come and Wood, I
went over Ufe, and entred Cawood, a very fair Caftel longg
ing to the Archbisfhop of Torke, and ther is a preati Village.
From thens to Shirburne, a Market Town , wherin be
many Pinners, a v. Mik6. The Way betwene wel wooddid,
and almoft ftil riding by a Riveret caullid Bisfhop' s Water,
that rifith a litle a this fide Shirburne and goith into Ufe.
In the Way betwixt I rode hard by a Parke (as I think)
of the Bisfhops of Torke.
a William Pane created Baron Pom of ICendali 5. March 30, H. 8. 1/38.
in tne Margin of Mr, Burton's Tranfcript.
L 2 From

g+ LELAND'S ITINERARY.
From Shirburne to Milburne Village a Mile, and paffing
from thens to Fere brydg apon Aire River a iiii, Miles ol
or more. The Bride a of an viii. Arches of Stone, and ther
is a Village.
The Soile betwixt neere in fight plaine, wel cornid,but
litle wood.
Along on the lilt Hond a iii. Miles of betwixt Milburne
and Feribridge I law the wooddi andfamofe Foreft of Barnefe
date, whet thay fay that Robyn Hudde lyvid like anOwtlaw.
From Ferybridge to Pontfrati a Mle.
Pontfracl is a lair, large Market Towne, and good occu-
piyng in hit.
Ther is a veri fair Caftel fet on a Rokke of ftone.
An Abbay of Blake Monkes, a Paroche Chirche, a College
of Preftes, a Place of Gray Freres, a faire Chapel.
Withowt the Town on the Hil, wher the goode b Duke
of Lancaftre was beheddid, ys a fair Chirche.
From Pontfraitl to St. Ofwauls, a veri fair and wel buildid
Howfe of Chanons, iii. Mile be much Woddy Grounde.
Atte St. Ofwalds is a mervelus fair Condud of Water and
caftelid hard againe the front of the Howfe.
The Soile therabout riche of Wood, Pafture and Corne.
A Mile and more beyond St. Ofwaldes I paflid hard by
Mr. Burtons, a Knight lately decefid, Park, and in hit is a
fair Manfion.
And fo by Wooddy and Come Ground a iiii. Mle to
Howton, or Haulfton, wher is a ruinus Maner, longging, as
they faide, to the Tempeftes.
A Mle from that, or more, I cam by Breerle Parke hard
on the right hond, wherin is a faire Maner Place longging
to the Lord Montegle.
And fo a ii Mile beyond I roode over a Stone Bridge, un
der the whiche ran Tame, a Riveret that goith fas they faid)
into Dune River betwixt Rot her am and Dunecaftre.
From Tame to Rotheram a iiii. Mies.
I enterid into Rotheramby a fair Stone Bridge of iiii. Arches,
and on hit is a Chapel of Stone wel wrought.
Rotheram is a meately large Market Towne, and hath a
large and fair Collegiate Chirch. The College was inftitutid
by one Scotte, Archbisfliop of Torke, otherwife caullid c Ro-
rol.ji. ther am, even it, the fame Place wher now is a very fair Col
lege fumptuufly buildid of Brike for a Provoft, v. Preftes, a
a Is of St. b So in the Original. B-itMr. Burton hath written Earje in
the Margin of his Tran f npt. Mr. Stowe had torirEarle at firft ; but he after-
wards ftnick it out and writ Duke after it. c Thomas Rotheram St.
- - • ¦ Schole-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 8y
Schole-Mafter in Song, and vi. Choreftes, a Schole-Mafter
in Grammar, and a nother in Writinge.
Though betwixt Caweode and Rotheram be good Plenti of
Wood, yet the People burne much Yerth Cole, bycawfe hit
is plentifully found ther, and fold good chepe.
A Mile from Rotheram be veri good Pittes of Cole.
In Rotheram be veri good Smithes for all cutting Tooles. <^|
Betwixt Rotheram and Worfope x. long Miles the Soile
partely Woody, a as lpecially within iii. Miles of Worfep,
partely Pafture and partly Corne.
Within a good Mile or I cam to Worfep I rode thorough
a Parke ol Mr. Townles a Knight for the moft abiding in
Lancafirejhire . And in this Parke is a veri praty litle Howfe.
By Workfep is a Parke of a vi. or vii. Miles in Cumpace,
longging to the Erie of Shreusbiry. a
Wyrkefop is caullid in fum old Writinges Rodeford. and the
Water that goith to Blith Market cummith by hit.
Wilhelmus Lovetofte was the firft Founder of hit in the An.D.__o>
tyme of Anfelm Bisfhop of Canterbiri and Gorad Bisfhop of
Torke, in Henri the firfte Dayes. His Bloode and Inheri
tance cam to a Dowghter that maried one FurnivaUe. After
FurnivaUes Inheritance cam to a Doughter, the wich was
maried to one ;Nevile, and he had a This ilg hath a dl
Doughtter by hir, the wiche was ma- Tumbe . ^ middis of the
ned to Talbot the firft Erie ol Salop, q :
And among other Childern he had. ^- ' Zetland
^f^^^f dJ LH% P ' One of the Lovetoftes was
He h_d WiUiam Huntingdon firft Prior £rle QiHmti dm al_dFound-
™itcZ r* ft v ¦ // er of Huntingdon Priory.
Many of the Lovetoftes FurmvoUes, b Wher ^ Lowtofies had
znd Talbottesbnned^rkefoppe. fumt_me a Caftel ".
Wirkefippe is a Market [Towne, and
there is a Place now irivironyd with Trees cawlyd The
Cafile HiUe.]
The Stones of the Caftel were fetchid, as fum fay, to make
the fair Lodge in Wyrkfippe Parke not yet finisfhid. This
Erie of Shrewsbyris Father was aboute to have finifliid hit,
as apperith by much hewyd Stone lyyng there. But I am of
the Opinion that the Chanons had the Ruines of the Caftel
Stones to make the Clofure of their large Waulies.
Ther is at the South Side of the Priory Cowrt a very fair
great Gate of hewyn Stone.
The Soyle, favyng a little by Wyrkfop to Rethford Market,
a As efpecially B. b Thefe Words in the Margin are placed by Mr. Stowe
immediately after, with Trees cawlyd the qaftle Hille. is

86 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
is plentiful of Corne in enclofid Feeldes$ but litle Woodde.
From Wirkefop to Newhagge by very Wooddi Grownd about
a Mile. Newhagge is a Park hard on the right hond as I went
longging to the King. A Mile beyond Newhag ftil by Wood
I rode over Gerberton Brooke.
A Mile thens paffing al by plaine hethy Ground I rode
over Budby Brooke.
And fo paffing a Mile more by plaine Hethe, and ii. Miles
by fair Wooddes I rode over Rume Water, wher in ul
terior i ripa is a Village caullid communely Ruford for Rume-
forde. A Quarter of a Mile beyond Rumeford Village ftoode a
late Rumeford Abbay of White Monkes. The Erie of Shreuf-
byri hath hit now of the King for Exchaung of Land of his
in Irland.
Rume River rifith by South of Maunsfeld a v. Miles from
Rumeford Abbay ; and when the Streame cummith nere the
Abbay it makith ther in a Botom a fair Lake of the fame
Name, and fo cumming againe into a narow Courfe goith
to Rumeford Village, and, as I lernid, ther after receivith
both Budby Water and Gerberton Water, and after with a
010
Bawtre. meately long Curfe goith to Bowtre, of fum caullid Vautre,
a Market Town in Notingamfhire a v. Mies from Dancaftre,
and fo, as 1 hard fay, into Trent.
Looke ther about wyther Blith River goith.
Foi. 93. From Rumeford Abbay by plaine
Almoft a Mile or I cam to Corny and Pafter Ground to a Village
this Village I cam hard by a iiii. Miles of, wher I paffid over a
Hexgreve Park on the right Brooke caullid ( if I wel remembre)
hond, and a htle beyond on Girt. This Brooke goith to Sewthwel
the lift hond I faw nere at Milles, and fo to Trent.
hondMr.N«p»_ttz... aKnighttes Sowthwel from thens a ii. Miles.
Parche and preati Manor. It The Ground betwixt very fruteful
is in Ketelington Paroche. of Corne.
Sowtkewel ftondith in Snotingamjhire.
The Town by hit is meately wel build
id, but ther is no Market publike.
There lyith in the Quier in The Minftre of our Lady is large, but
an Arche an Arche-Bisfhop of no pleafaunt Building , bur rather
of Torke. ftronge.
The Bisfhop of Tork hath ther a preaty Palace, and the
Minifters of the Chirch be wd loddegid, efpedally the Pre-
bendarys.
The lide Park, alias New The Archebislhop hath iii. Parkes,but
Park. Norwood Park. Hexgre is die chefeft of them.
To

LELAND'S ITINERARY. £7
To Tkurgoton Village and Priory of Blak Chanons lately
fuppreflid a ii. Miles by Corne Ground.
And thens a good Mile to Oringgam Feri, wher my Horfys
paflid over Trent per vadum, and I per cymbam. I never faw
fairer Medows then a there a bothe Ripes of Trent.
Notingam on the right Hond b vi. Miles from Trajeilus,
and Newarke on the lifte Hond a iiii. Miles. Newark to us
rip. citer. Trenta.
After that I cam a lide beyond Trent I faw d Champaine
Grounde undecunque within fight, and very lide Wood but
infinita frugum copia.
To Langer Village a iiii. Miles, wher A ii. Miles beyond Longer
hard by the Chirch is a Stone Howfe I faw but far of the Caftel of
r a ? L°rd Scropes embatelid like a Bever on a Hy coppid Hille.
u ic *, Betwixt Trent Ripe and _%?/-
c Halt a Mile or I cam to Langer I r<7® many Benes and Pefon,
by sir John chawonhe as yt is cornmunely thorough
cam by Mafter a Knightes Manor al Leyrceftreftjir.
Place, wherabowt I faw great and mer- Melton, one fair Paroche
velus fair Medows. chaworth Place is Chirch, fumtime an Hofpi-
caulhd Warton HauUe. tal and Celle to Lewes in
From Langer by veri fair Medows Suffix.
and Corne ground to Smithe, a Broke-
let that ther devidith Not'mggbamjhire from Leyrceflrejhire
a iiii. Myles. ' J
Nere beyond this Brooke I paflid thorough claufim Vil
lage in Leyrceftrejhir.
From claufin to Melton a iii. good Mies by good Corne
Ground. Kyrkby a lide Priori of Blake Chanons apon Wreke Ryver
ii. Mies beneth Melton Mowbray was a late fuppreflid. I
hard fay that one BeUar was Foundder thereof.
From Melton to Burton Lascar, a veri fair Hofpital and
Collegiate Chirch, fcant a Mle.
To Borow Hilles more than ii. Miles.
The Place that now is cawllid Borow HiUes is duble di
chid, and conteinith within the Diche to my Eftimation a
iiii. fcore Acres. The Soile of it berith very good Corne.
Firft 1 tooke hit for a Campe of Menne of Warre, but after
I plaine perceivid that hit had beene waullid about with
Stone, and to be fure pullid out fum Stones at the entering
of hit, wher hath bene a great Gate, and ther found Lyme
betwixt die Stones. But whither ther hath beene any mo
a There about on hathe Bankes of Trent St. b 6. Miles from Trajeilus,
and 4.. Miles from Newarke on the left Hand. Newark, to us 8CC, B. c Heri
feveral Thhgt are wanting in Stowe, Gates

88 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Gates there then one I am not yet fure, but I conjecl: ye.
Very often hath be founde ther numijmata Romana of Gold,
Sylver and Brafle , and Fragmentes of al Fundations in
Plowyng. This ftondeth in the very hy way bytwixt Melton and
London. To thes Borow HiUes every Yere on Monday after White-
Sonday cum People of the Contery therabowt, and fhote,
renne, wraftel, dawnce, and ufe like other Feates of Exercyfe.
Borow Village is within leffe then halfaMleof hit, and
ther dwellith one Mr. Borow the greateft Owner there.
Borow HiUes be abowte a vii. Miles from Leyrcefire.
fe-j__ Remembre that Croxton Abbay Water rifing at croxton
cummith into Eye Water per ripam auftralem about a Mile or
more above Melton. From Borow HiUes to Laund a v.
The chaworthis were and Mile.
be Founders of Laund Priory. The Soile direSlo itinere betwyxt
Almofte half a Mile or I Trent South Ripe and Launde is baren
cam to Launde I paflid by of Wood, but plentiftil ol Corne and
Mafter Smithes Howfe made Pafture, efpecially abowt Launde Quar-
frefch by Mr. Radcliffe that ters.
married Smithes Doughter. But the Soyle abowt Launde is Wood-
dy, and the Foreft of Ly, of fum caullid
Lyfeld, joynithe [to Launde by Efte.]
Foi. 94. And the Soile of Owjen Abbay ii. Miles by Eft North Efte
from Launde is alfo veri Wooddy.
The Ground a litle beyound Launde toward Pipwel is
not Wooddy.
To Haleden a preaty Tounlet about a iiii. Mies.
To Metburne Village a Mle.
And almoft a Mle to a Bridge, wher I paflid over Wyland
River, ther no great Streame.
Thens of to Pipwel Abbay abowt a iii. Miles.
The Bridg and Water of Weland ther devidith Leyrceftre-
Jhire from Northampton.
From Metburne to within a Mile of Pipwel is mervelus
goodly Medow.
After that I paflid over Weland abowt a Mile I faw Roiing-
ham Caftel Handing on the Brow of a Stony Hille in the ut
ter Part of the Side of Rokingham Foreft, and it flood a ii.
Mle of on the lifte Honde. Almoft a Mile or I cam to Pipwel
Pipwel ftandeth in the veri I enterid into the Woode of Rokingham
Ende of the Foreft* of" . . . Foreft. Pipwel Abbay ftondith in Roi-
ButviUe, fumtime a Knight ingham Foreft, and mo Abbays is not,
* Dceft st. & b. nor

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 89
nor were, as I hard fay, in the Foreft. of Northamptonfhke, Founder
The Foreft of Rokingham is in fum of PippeweU. . Mowbray, the
Places a ii. Miles, in fum Places but a Lord of Rutland,v.nd the Lord
Mile brode, and by Eftimation a xiiii. Souch encrefid hit.
Miles longe.
Rokingham Caftel taullith to ruine.
No redde Deere but falow in Rokingham Foreft.
The Faireft Game of the Foreft is feene at a Place in the
Foreft caullid Launde a of Benefeild" .
Divers Gentilmen of veri faire Landes dwelle in Villages
neere about PipweUe.
Ther dwellith for the moft part a Gentilman in every Vil
lage of Northamptonjhire.
From Pipwel to Ketering Market iii. good Miles by Pafture
and Corne Ground. A Mile from PipweUe at Barton Village
is the Treffehams Manor Place.
From Ketering to Hyham Ferres vii. Ther is a Collegiate Chirch
Miles. Almoft a Quarter of a Mile or at Hyham Ferres, andaGram-
I cam to Hyham Ferres I paflid over mer Schoole,and a Caftel now
Neene Water. . of late clene faullen and taken
downe. Ther is a Mair at
!_-__=. Halamjhire beginnith a ii. Mile Hyham Ferres.
from Rot her am. Sheffild iii. Miles Al Halamjhire go to the
from Rotberam,wher the Lord of Shreufe Seflions of Tork, and is count-
byris Caftel is, the chefe Market Towne id as a Membre of Torkjhire.
of Halamjhire. And Halamjhire goith There is a goodly Lodge or
one way vi. or vii. Miles above Sheffilde Manor Place on a Hil Top
by Weft, yet, as I here fay, a nother in Shefeld Park.
way the next Village to Sheffild is in Winfeld, or Wenfeld,m Dar-
Darbyjhire. byjhire is but a Maner Place,
Ther be many Smithes and Cuttelars butyt far paflith^^A/Caftel.
in Halamjhire.
JEgglesfild and Bradefeld ii. Townelettes or Villages long
to one Paroche Chirche. So by this meanes (as 1 was en-
ftrudid) ther be but iii. Paroches in Halamjhire that is of
Name, and a great Chapelle.
Halamjhire hath Plenti of Woodde, and yet ther is bumid
much Se Cole. Reafonable good Pafture but meate Corne.
The Erie is now Lord of shelfelde Market in Torkjhire, and
Werkfope in Notinghamftme, and Rotheram that a late longgid
to Rufford Abbay.
The Erie hath a Parke and a Maner Place or Lodge yn
it caullid Hardewike apon Line a four Miles from Newftede
Abbay. 
a Thefe two laft Words are added by Mr. Burton, and they are alfo inferted
in his Tranfcript.
Vol. y. M Thi.

9o LELAND'S ITINERARY.
In Snotinghamjhire
This Riveret from the Blith a Market Towne on Blith Ri-
Hedde is not alway caullid veret iiii. Mies beyound Wyrkfop in
Blith, but as it were in the the way to Dancaftre.
Blith rifith in a More a v. Miles from
midde way betwixt Rodeford, Wirkfep. So to Wirkefep, and to Blith
alias Wyrkfop, and Blith Mar- the Market Toun, and thens into Dunne
ket. Ther cummith a preaty River.
Brooke into Blith or he cum Bautre a Market a iii. Mies beyound
to Wyrkfop. Blith Market, and this Towne is of the
Ttkil a MarketxToun with Paroche of Blith. So that one Paroche
a Freres and a Ruinus Caftel hath ii. Market Townes.
in Nottingamfeire a ii. Mies Not far beyound Bautre is the Limes
beyond Bautre. of Notinghamfhire and Torkejhire toward
Notingam a great Market Dancaftre.
Xown. As the Evidence of Blith Abbay fpek-
Newark apon Trent, a good ith there was a Caftel about King Wyl-
Market Towne. Ham conquerors Time at Blithe, the
Ther is a goodly Houfe or wich thei caullid in Latine Blida. I
more lately buildid in' Rede- think that it ftoode nere the Abbay, or
ford  el's the Abbay was buildid wher the
» Caftel was.
Roger Boley a Norman was the Foundder of Blith abowt
King Wdliam Conqueror's Time.
Maunsfeld a Market Town longing to the King in No
tinghamfhire. ( it is yn Shirwode ) . . . Miles from Rotheram
in the Hy Way to Nottingam.
Wyrkefeppe made a Market Town more then xxx.Yeres ago.
Retheford, of fum foundid Redford, a good Market Towne
within a v. Miles of Trent Ripe. But ther be ii. Rethefords,
one the leffe is caullid Wefte Retheford, the other is caullid
Eft Redford, and is the Market Towne as bigge as the other,
and hath a Chirch almoft as fair as hit. [There is one Bridge
upon the River that divideth the Towne from the other.
Retford hath beene burnt] but both be fins that reedified.
Foi. 95, 96, 97. vacant.
Thinges notable in Bedfordlhir.
Foi. 98. The Caftelle of Adinggreves is on the fame fide that the
Cafiel MUle Caftelle Mille is on, otherwife caullid Riftngho about a Mile
is a Mile lower on the Ryver toward S. Neotes, where is on a Hille a
and a half Diche and other Tokins of Buildinges there not a. Balles
byneth Bed- (jaftes from the Ryver Bank.
About a Mile and a hall beneth Adinggreves is a great
Stone Bridge of an viii. Arches of Stone at Berford, and ther
in ulter. ripa is a good Uplandifch Towne. From

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 91
From Berford to Eiton a good Village in ulter. ripa about
a 3. Mile, wher be feene vefiigia cafiel/i betwen the Chirch
and the Ripe, and almoft hard on the Ripe : and at this
Eiton is a litle poore Bridge of Eafe over the Ryver. The
Ruines of Eiton Caftelle long to my Lord Vaulx.
Ther wer 2. Hofpitales in the Suburbe oi Bedford by
South in citer. ripa Ufee. the Houfes wherof and Chapelles
yet ftande.
S. John's ftandeth on right Hond firft cumming in from
South to Bedforde. And then on the fame Hand a litle afide
is S. Leonards. Thinges notable in the Gray Freres ofBedford. Fo1' 9?-
The very Original Founderes of the Grey Freres of Bed
ford was Mabil PatefhuU Lady of Blet- Epit.
tejho, wher now Syr John S. John Hie jacet D"- Mabilla Pate-
dwellith, and of Stoke, as fiim fay, in fliulle, Dna de Bletteflio, i".
Lincolnjhir a 4. Miles a this fide Grante- fundatrix hujus loci.
ham in Lincolnjhir, and this Stoke long- She was biried under a flat
ith now to Mafter S. John. Stone.
This Mabil wasbyried at the South
Side of the High Altare under an Arche.
Ther was alfo buried on the Northe Side of the High Al
tare, under a plain Stone, one of the Lord Mowbray s.
Arid one Quene Elenor was buried right afore the High
Altare under a flat Stone of Marble with an Image of plaine
Plate of Brafle encrounid.
Richard Haflinges, an Efquier, Chaumberlayn to Edward
the 3. was buried on the North Side of the Quier in a low
Tumbe. Syr Richard Irencefier was biried in the Midle of the Body
of the Chirch : And this Irencefier, as it is faid, made the
Body of the Chirch of the Graye Freres. Blake S. John a of
late tyme was buried b of the Quier by Hafiinges.
The Freres ftand flat in the North Eft of the Towne.
Ex libro Folcardi Monachi Eccl. Chrifti Cantuar. quem
fcripfit rogante Aldredo Archiepifcopo Ebor.
Abbas de Swina invitatus ad anniverfarium diem S. Joannis
de Beverlaco a Brithuno Abbate Beverlacenfi.
Monialis quadam de Efeh.

a Of late was buried ther. The Freiers ire. St. b In the Quire by
Haftinges B. M z Guliel-

9* LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Ketellus Gulielmus, qui & Ketellus diltus, clericus S- Joannis Be-
fripfit ^_»'»>verlacenfis, feripftt libeUum de miraculis S. Joannis, & confe-
lanttem- crovit opufeulum Th. prapofito ejufdem, e cujus HbeUo Fol-
pora, entato. chardus multa dejumpfet.
Deftrucla urbe Ebor. & agris vicinis a Gul. Baftard <&,
ejus exercitu, multi confugerunt Beverlacum tanquam ad afylum.
Sed Gul. rex & ejus exercitus miraculo cujufdam militis Nor-
manni deterriti Beverlacenfes intaclos reliquerunt.
_rEthelftanus rex afylum Beverlaci inftituit. Deira clauditur
Tietwentzflu. Humbro flu. ejr mare [/. mari] orient.
Robertus de Stutevilla dominus de Cotinghafn temp. Steph.
Adfutus erat libro Folchardi liber incerti autioris, fed viri,
ut videtur, Ebor. de rebus ab Ethelftano Beverlaci gefiis, dr de
miraculis D. Joannis a tempore Gul. Conqueftoris.
Foi. ioo. Taken out of a RoUe at Mafier Garters.
Clarence.
Richcmont. Duke de C/<»r«z«,,Counte de Richemont, Signior des Ifles de
Gernefiy &. Gar fey, & GrauntChaumbrelaine de Angle Terre.
Gloceftre.
Duk de Gloceftre, Coneftable & Admiral de Angleterre, &
Gardein de Wefte Marches devers Efeoffce.
Norfolk.
Duke de Norfolk, Counte Marefchal de Ware'm, Surrey &
de Notingham, Graund Marchal d' Angleterre, Signior de
Moubray, de Segrave, & Gower.
Bukingham.
Duke de Bukingham, Counte de Stafforde, Herford, North
ampton & de Perche, Signior de Brekenok, de Kembalton &
de Tunbridg. Rivers.
Counte Rivers Signior de Scales & de Nudes, & Gover-
nour de Ifle de Wight.
Nicolaus Upton Legulejus, Canonicus Sarum & Wellenfis
Ecclefece, dedicavit Humfrido duci Gloceftrise volumen de re
militari divifum in quatuor libros feu partes. Ultimo autem
libro traEtabat de Armis five Infegnibus iUuftrium Virorum
Angliae. Stilus Humfridi Ducis ibidem.
Filius, frater, patruufque Regum, Dux GloceftriaJ, Comes
Pcnbrochia:, Mag. Camerarius Angliae.
Thefe Thinges fo lowing I lernid of the Vicar or Perfott
of Corbridge at Newcaftel.
Corbridg about a xi. Mies from NewcafteUe : But to go
to it the next way from Durefene it is not paft a 16. or
1 8. Miles. Corbridge

Kembal-toun.

NicolausUpton.

Foi.

LELAND'SMTINERARY. 93
Corbridge is on the fame Ripe of Tine that New CafieUe is.
The Chirch of Corbridge is dedicate onto S. Andre.
The Perfonage was ons impropriate to die Priory of Tin-
mouth, fins by Exchaunge to Cairluel.
The Toune at this tyme is ful meanely buildid.
The Names of diverfe Stretes that hath beene there yet
hath Names, as old People there teftifie, and great Tokens
of old Foundations be yet founde there, and alfo Numif-
mata Ro
The Stone Bridge that now is at Corbridge over Tine is
larg, but it is fet fumwhat lower apon Tine then the olde
Bridg was.
Ther be evident Tokens yet feene where the olde Bridg
was, and theraboute cummith downe a praty Broke on the
fame Side that a that" the Toun is on, and hard by it, and
goit into Tine. I thing verely that this Broke is caullid
Corve, though the Name be not welle knowen there, and c»/«* flu.
that the Toune berith the Name of it.
By this Broke as emong the Ruines of the olde Town is
a Place caullid Colecefter, wher hath beene a Forteres or Ca
ftelle. The peple there fay that ther dwellid yn it one Toton,
whom they fable to have beene a Gygant.
There is no Bridge on Tyne, as I remembre, bytwixt New-
caftelle and Corbridge.
As far as I can perceyve by the Boke of the Life of S. Ojwin "C|
the Martyr Colebrige is alway put ther for Corbridge. colebn'dge.
There appere Ruines of Arches of a Stone Bridge over Tyne Foi. roz.
River, at  Caftelle longging to the Erie of Wefi-
merlanda. 3. Miles lower on the Ryver then Corbridge.
b chipchace Bridg of  on Tyne.
Mounbowcher was a Man of fair Landes in Northumbrelande: Moun-
and Dodor DaveUe told me that the Hofpitale yn Newcaftel boucher.
hath yet Landes of his Gifte.
The Rudhams were Men of lair Landes in Nothumbrelande Rudham.
about TyUe Ryver, ontyl one of them having to Wife one of
of the HumframviUe Doughters killid a Man of Name, and
thereby loft the principale of 600. Markes Landes by Yere.
So that at this Tyme Rudham of Northumbreland is but a
Man of mene Landes.
Hafilrig of <= Nortbamptonftjir" hath about a 5:0 li. Lande in
Northumbreland and Effelington, wher is a pratie Pile d is "
Hafilrigges, and one of the colinwooddes dwellith now in it,
and hath the other Site of his Landes.
a Deefi St. b Chipchace Bridge on Tyne B. c Mr. Burton hath drawn a
Line under this Word and written in the Margin over againft it Leicefterlhire of
Noufeley. d Lege of.
The

94- - LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Tame Ry- The Ryver of Tame rifith a 10. Miles by South Weft with-
ver- in the Land, and cummith into Tyne aboute a Mile above
Getijhed, and not far bynethe Ravenfworth Caftelle.
Tarfeia- Tarfet Caftelle Ruines in Northumbreland hard by North
^l- Tyne long now to the Lord Borow.
Gizyfuf. There was one of the Grays of Northumbrelande a Man of
tii'fut gr.efte,Brute in the Tyme of Edwarde the 4. that was fufped
Keginatco-?1^ *e Quene of Scottes of Adulterie. Wherapon he bey-
_i_t. ing accufid of a Gentilman of Scotteland cam with a Band,
as it is faide, of a 1000. Men to Edingborow, and there cafte
down his Glove to fight in the Liftes with his Accufer : but
he departidwithowtefightetingj yet was it fuppofid, That
Herb oteUe Gray was not accufld tnerof withoute a Cawfe.
The Divi- - The HerboteUes Landes in Northumbreland, that was a 300.
fionofthe Markes by the Yere, cam of late Dayes to 2. Doughters
HerboteUes wherof the one was maried to Syr Thomas Percy, that was
Landes. for Treafon hangid at Tiburne. The other was maried to
Fttton of Chefterjhir. Mr. Dodor Davel told me that the
Limes of the Bislhoprike of Durejme goith beyond the Mouth
. on Darwent up apon Trente even to the Paroch of Rytoun.
F_> A Pile or Caftelet at Bowes on Watheling Streate.
D^aoral _. The DaveUas cam owte of Normandie, and fins they have
vdie. ' °e Men of greate Poffeflions yn the North Partes of England.
But they cam in Edwarde the 2. tyme to Decay and Ruine.
For the chief of the DaveUes, that was Syr Lofon DaveUe
and Syr Hugh DaveUe, both Barons (as Mr. Dodor DaveUe
fayith, but fufficiendy to me provid not,) toke Thomas Earle
of Lancafeer and the Barons Part agayne Edwarde the 2. and
Peter Gavefton _ wherapon DaveUes Landes were attaintid
and fparkelid.
Yet remainid of the Name 4. or y. younger Brethern, that
after got meane Landes : and one of them after in Defcent
confumid a 100. Ii. Landes by the Yere in Notinghamftme in
mere Hauking and Hunting.
There yet remayne meene Gentilmen of the name.
The principal Land and Habitation of the DaveUes was
about Pontefratle in Torkejhire.
Much of the Gafioynes Lande and the Landes of Truewhit,
alias Turwit, of Lincolnfhir, longid to the DaveUes.
The Name of the Originale Houfe of the DaveUes yet re-
mainith yn Normandie aboute the Partes, as I have heard, of
Alaunjim. Roger * Thorton the great riche Marchaunte of NewcafteUe
* In Mr. Stow es Tranfcript there is this addition in the Margin, viz.. This
Thornton was at the fyrft very poore, and, as the People report, was a Pedler,
and of hym to this day they rcherfe thisRyme:
In

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 95
in Edwarde the 4. Dayes, by whom the
Lometeys Landes were greatly augmen- The Ifle, and almoft al the
tid, as by Mariage of his Doughter and Landes that the Lorde Lome-
Heyre, buildid S. Katerines Chapelle, ley hath in Torkjhir and North-
the Towne HauUe, and a Place for umbreland,WaSthisThorntons.
pore Almofe Menne by SandHiUe Gate
a htle lower then Newcaftle Bridge on the very Ripe of
Tyne within the Toun of NewcafieUe.
This Roger Thorton was the richeft Marchaunt that ever
was dwelling in Newcaslelle.
One John Warde a riche Marchant of NewcafieUe made
a * Matfeun dieu " for xii. poore Men, and xii. poore Women
by the Augufiine Freres in NewcafieUe.
One Chriftopher Brigham, a Marchant of NewcafieUe, made
of late a htle Hofpital by the Gray Freres in NewcafieUe.
The Waulles of NewcafieUe were begon, as I have harde,
in King Edwarde the firfte Day, as I harde, by this Occafion.
A great riche Man of NewcafieUe was taken Prifoner by the
Scottes owt of the Town felf as it is reportid. Wherapon he FoL IO*-
was raunfomid for a greate Sum : and returning home he be
gan -to make a Waulle on the Ripe of Tyne Ryver from
SandehiUe to Pandon Gate and beyound into the Towne a-
gayne the Augufiine Freres.
The Refidew of theMarchauntes of the Toune feying this
Towardnes of one Man, fette to their helping handes, and
continuid ontylle the hole Toun was ftrongely about waul
lid, and this Worke was finifhid in Edwarde the 3. Dayes,
as 1 have harde.
' The Strenghth and Magnificens of the Waulling of this
Towne far paflith al the Waulles of the Cities of England
and of moft of the Townesof Europa.
Foi. ioy. vacat.
Prior caftel of Dyrham the laft fave one buildid the Toure FoLioS.
in Fame Ifleland for Defence owt of the Grounde. Ther
was a Chapel and a poore Houfe afore-
Ther was a Houfe of Chanons at Ovingeham apon Tyne
agayne Prudehow on the other fide of Tyne, a Mafter and 3.
Chanons Celle to Hexham. HumfranviUe gave thePerfonage
of Ovingeham to Hexham that they fhould find certen Cha
nons ther.
Morley of Morpath was ons Lord of Wercworth Caftel on k *
f Coket Mouth.
3ln at tr>6 HBcftgStC caine Thonton [r. Thornton or Thorton] it.
iffiitb a rjap pen Jjapt in a IKamiaf Skynn.
In Mr. Stowe's Tranfcript 'tis written here, and below, Thornton.
* Defunt B. f Sic _4*. . Cokellmouch B,
Dr. Davel

96 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Dr. Davel told me, That Antony de Bek buildid or re-
newid Kenfington, as he hath hard, and gave it to King or
Prince. He buildid Durefme Place in London.
Foi. 107, 108, 100, no, in, 112. vacant.
Foi. 115. Richemont Towne is waullid, and the Caftel on the'River
H'lJwcT Side of Swa,e is aS the Knot ot the CumPace of the Waulle.
pavl ' In the Waul be iii. Gates. Frenchegate yn the North Parte
of the Towne, and is the moft occupied Gate of the Towne.
Finkel-flreate Gate. Bargate. al iii. be downe. Veftigia yet
remayne. In the Market Place is a large Chapel of the Tri-
nite. the Cumpace of the ruinus Waulles is not half a Mile
abowt. So that the Towne Waulle cumpafith litle but the
Market Place, the Howfes about hit and Gardens behind
them. There is a Suburbe withowt Frenche Gate. Finkel-
ftreat Suburbe ftraytWeft from the Market Place and Bar-
gate Suburbe. But Frenchgate Suburbe is almoft as bygge as
bothe the other Suburbes. In Frenchgate Suburbe is the Pa
roch Chirch of al the hole Towne. A lide beyonde the
Ende of Frenchegate-ftreate is, or was, a late a Chapel of a
Woman Anachorete. Bargate Suburbe cummith down to
the Bridge Ende of Swale, the wich Bridge is fumtime
chaynid. A this fide the Bridge is no Building. In this Sub
urbe is a Chapel of S. James. At the Bakke of the French-
gate is the Grey Freres, a lide withowte the Waullis. Their
Howfe, Medow, Orchard, and a litle Wood is waullid yn.
Men go from the Market Place to hit by a Pofterne Gate.
There is a Condude of Water at the Grey Frereres,els there
is none in Richemont. Not far from the Freres Waul is a
Chapel of S. Antony. Al the Towne and Suburbes be on
the farther Side of Swale.
The Caftel is nere hand as much yn Cumpace as the Cir-
cuite of the Town Walle. But now it is in mere Ruine.
The Celle of S. Martine is on the hither Side [of Swale
litle more then a thowfand Fotte from the Frenche-Gate
Suburbe.] Midleham apon Ure River ripa cite-
Midleham longgid to the riori is a Market Tounne, and is kept
Erie of Warwike. Richard the on Twefday. The Toune it felf is
iii. lay at it, and collegiatid fmawle, and hath but one Paroche
the Chirch there. But Henry Chirch. It hath beene, as fum wene,
the vii. toke the new College a Collegiate Chirch. The Parfon is yet
Land awaye. caullid the Dean of Midleham. Thq
Toun is fet on a Hille Side. The greate
Hil above hit more then a Mile of is cawllid Penhil, and is
countid the hieft Hille of Richemont[hire. Midleham Caftel
joynith harde to the Toun Side, and is the faireft Caftel of
Richemont-

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 97
Richemontjhire next Bolton, and the Caftel hath a Parke by hit
caullid Sonskue, and a nother cawllid Weftpark, and the third
caullid Gauneleffe half a Mile of. Wefeparke and Gaunleffe be
wel woddid.
There is at the Eft Ende of Midleham a litle Hofpital with
a Chapel of Jefus.
a
Venfele is a lide poore Market in The Houfes of thefe two
ripa fuperiore Uri. It ftandith not far Tounnes be partly flatid ,
from the Weftparke Ende of Midleham. partly thakkid.
Grenton is a litle Market Towne
ripa citer. Suala a vi Mies Weft above Richemont.
The Market is of Corne and Linyn Cloth for Men of
Suadale, the wich be much ufid in digging Leade Owre.
On eche fide of Suadale be greate Hilles where they digge.
Litle Corne growith in Suadale.
a
Keterik Bridge felf hath but one Houfe as an Yn.
a
Keterik Towne is a Mile lower in citer. ripa Swalae. It is
now a very poore Towne, and is half a Quarter of a Mile
from the River Side. At Keterik is now no Market. Ther is
a Place cawllid Keterik Swart or Sandes hard by Keterik
Chirch, and ther about be qutedam indicia of olde Buildinges,
and Digginges of old fquarid ftones.
Richemont Caftel. Foi. 1 14.
KiUarby Caftel Ruine in ripa citer. Suala about a iii. Miles
beneth Keterik Bridge. It longgid to the Conyeux.
Horneby Caftel a iii. Miles from Suale, and a ii. Miles H_™._-_. chef-
South from Keterik, and iii. Miles North Weft from Midle- ^^ oi
ham apon Ure. atierT
* Snape a goodly Caftel in a Valley longing to the Lorde La- in tn_
timer, and ii. or iii. Parkes welle woddid abowt hit. It Parkes of
is his chefe Howfe , and ftondith a ii. Mile from Great Sru,-fe be
Tanfeld. ' r°oIes-
Great Tanfelde, wher is a Caftel on Tanfelde Caftel longgid to
a Banke longging to the Lorde Parre, the Lord Marmion , and fo
and ftondith on Ure. cam to the Fitzhughs.
Bolton a very fair Caftel in Suadale
ftonding on a Balk, and underneth is a litle Broke. It is
within a Mile of the farther Side of Ure Water, and ( as I
lernid ) a iiii. Miles from Suale. It is the cheieft Howfe of
the Lorde Scrope. Ther is no Toune hard by it. Wenfta litle
Market is aii. Miles of by Eft.
Ravenfwathe Caftel in a Mares Grounde and a Parke on a
litle hangging Ground by hit. It is a iii. Mies by North
Vol. y. N weft

98 LELAND'S ITINERARY.
Weft from Richemont, and therby is a praty Village. The
Lord Parre is Owner therof. and, by hit cummith a Bekke
caullid Ravenfwath Bekke.
There appere great Ruines in a Valley of a Howfe or a
litle Caftel at Albruch Village, and thereby rennith a Bekke.
It ftandith a ii. Miles South from Perfe Bridg on Tefe.
There appere Ruines of like Build-
Cawdewel is fo caullid of a inges at CawdeweUe Village a ii. Miles
litle Font, or Spring, by the Weft from Alburcge.
Ruines of the olde Place, and And betwixt thes two Villages ap-
fo rennith into a Bekke half a pere diverfe Hillettes eaft up by Hand,
Quarter of a Mile of. This and many Diches, wherof fum be fillid
Bekke rennith thens to Al- with Water, and fum of the Dikes ap-
burcg, and a v. Mies of to pere abowt S. John's , that is Paroch
Tefe, ripa citer. This Tefe ri- Chirch to both the aforfaid Villages.
fith [ in a Marifhe about a The Dikes and Hilles were a Campe
ii. Myle Southe Weft above of Men of Warre , except Menne
CaldweU.~) mighte think they were of Ruines of
fum old [Towne. The] more likeli
hood is that it was a Campe of Men of Warre.
Syr James Metcalf hath a very goodly Howfe caullid Nappe
in Wenfedale. Wenfedale and the Soile about is very Hilly,
and berith litle Corne, but norifith many Beftes. Wenfedale,
a
as film fay, taketh Name of Wenfele Market. For Wenfele
ftandith on the hither Side of Ure, and
Vennones Men of Wenfedale. ftraite on the farther Side beginnith
Wenfedale.
Nappe is abowt a vii. Miles Weft from Venfela Market,
but communely it is caullid No Caftel.
Bisjhops Dale lying by Ure in ripa
Bisjhops Dale longith to the citer. and conteining a forte of greate
King, and yn the Hilles about Felles with Dere liyth South Weft
hit be Redde Deer. In faire within a Quarter of a Mle of Nappe.
Winters theDeere kepe there, So that this Dale lieth upward Wefte
in fhrap Winters they lor- betwixt the upper Partes Of Uredale and
fake the extreme Colde and Suatedale.
Barennes of them. Mr. Bowis hath a fide Howfe a iiii.
Miles Northward from Keterik.
Mr. Cunniers of Maske hath a faire Place at Maske Village
within a Quarter of a Mile of Swale ripa ulter. ii. Miles be
Weft from Richcmont.
S. Henry Gafioyne dwellith at a prety Place caullyd Sedbyri
having a prety Parke, and a litle Lake in hit. It is a iii.
Miles be North from Richemont.
Mr. Pudfey hath a Place ac Barfirde an Arow Shot from Tefe

LELAND'S ITINERARY. o9
Tefe in ripa citer. and is a vi. Miles beneth Barnardes Caftel.
Mafter Rokeby hath a Place caullid Mortham a litle beneth
Grentey Bridge almoft ort the Mouth of Grentey.
M. Frank of Knightton hath a preti Place caullid Knigtton
v. Miles North from Richemont.
Wiclif a. meane Gentilman dwellith at a lide Village caul
lid JZ&Zgf.
[They] fey that John Wiclif Haretieus [was borne at Spref-
wel a poore Village a good Myle from Richemont. .]
Abbayes and Priories on Suale. Foi. i if.
Marik a Priory of Blake Nunnes of v. Miles above Richemont.
the Foundation of the Askes. Itftond- Grenton is a.Mile above Marik.
ith ripa utter.
Syr Rafe Bowmer hath a Place at Marik Toun ftonding
on a Hille Side half a Mle from the Priori ftonding in a
Botom. EUerton, ab alnis diclum, a Priori of White clothid Nunnes Monachs.
ftonding in a Valle in ripa citer. a Mile beneth Marik Priory, afienienfes.
S. Martines Priori a Celle to S. Mari Abbay of Torke in
ripa citer. a litle beneth Richemont.
S. Agathes an Abbay of White Chanons ripa utter, a lide
beneth S. Martines. The Lorde Ser ope was Founder there.
VrivaUis Apon Ure. mi
Gervalx Abbay of White Monkes Lord Marnion was the firfte
ripa citeriori a ii. Miles beneth Midle- Founder, whofe Landes cam
ham. to the Fitzhughes, and fo to
Apon Cover. the Parres.
Coverham a Howfe of White Cha- There was good finging in
nons in ripa utter, fcante ii. Miles from Coverham-
Middleham by Weft. Apon Skel.
Fontaines Abbay of White Monkes yn Richemontfiiir.
Apon Tefe.
Mglefton, citer. ripa, a Priory of White Chanons, a Mile
' beneth Barnardes Caftel that is on the farther Ripe. About
a Quarter of a Mle beneth JEglefton is a faire Quarre of Blak varium
Marble fpottid with White, in the very Ripe of Tefe. Marmor.
Ther is no Collegiate Chirch in Rickemontfeme.
Ther be ii. Deaneris Keterik and Richemont.
The Archidiaconry of Richemont hath goodly Revenews,
and hath apeculiar Jurifdidion in Richemontjhire as exempte
from the Bisfhop.
Torevalx Abbay of White Monkes.
Munnemonketon on Nidde. N z Rivers

IOO

LELAND'S ITINERARY.

The Barningams in times
paft had great Landes.
By Gretey Bridge is a Park
of the Lord Scropes caullid
Brignel Parke, Latine brevis
Mons.

Rivers of Name in Richemontfhire.
Gretey cummith by a Village cawllid
Barningam intiter. ripa, wher dwellith
a meane Gentilman Manne cawllid Bar
ningam. Thens to Gretey Bridg about
ii. Miles, where be aliquot diverjbria.
Thens to Mortham, Mr. Rokesby Place,
in ripa citer. fcant a Quarter of a Mile
from Gretey Bridge, and not a Quarter
of a Mile beneth into Tefe.
Wiske River cummith thorowg Wisk bridg, wher is no
Howling, to Danby in citer. ripa, a prati Tounlet in Riche
montfhire a iiii. Mile, and of the River is caullid Dauby Wiske.
then to Northalreton abowt a ii. Miles of in ulter. ripa. fo
downe to Kirkby Village a  Miles, and after into
Swale.
T , • Ther is a Broke hereabowt caullid
M„fXto__£/Bri£ T*?> ^fr_.in__?oT"_»f_»_
ynthaway b_.w_a.__W. »-• Ti^XlJ^^.
ana lor/ec. Thens fo Lemhtg village.
Swale above Grenton kepith one Botom a . . . . Myles,
and above that is encrefid of many Springes reforting to
Swaledale. In the Egge of Swaledale is a preaty
^Spplegarth
Water cumming thoroug Ardegarth-
dale. Ure cummith thoroug Wenfedale long
ing to Rickemontfhir. Thens to Midle
ham. So to Torevalx Abbay a ii Miles.
To Tanfeld Village a vi. Mies of in
ulter. ripa, wher is a Caftel of the Lorde
Parrs, and a greate Wooddy Parke. So
to Litle Tanfeld a Mile on the fame
Ripe, where Werkecop the Herald dwel
lith. Hither, as I here, both fides of
Ure be in Richemontflnre. From Litle
Tanfeld 'to Ripon aboute a iii. Myles. So
to Borow Brigde.
Cover River rifith, as I here fay, in
Craven lide, [neere Skale Parke] and fo cumming down [a
2. or 3. Miles Leepeth above a Place] caullid Cover-dale,
[and fo cometh by St. Si  Chappell to Coverham,
and foe into Ure']
Mr. Place dwellith at a Place caullid Hauneby a vii. Miles
No.rtb, Eft ftpm Richemont. Mr.

The Broket of Applegarth-
dale cummith into Suale per
rifam ulteriorem a lide beneth
Marske Mr. Corners Place
There is no Vale, as I here,
in Richmontjlur that is caullid
Urefetah, but the Dale that
Ure firft rennith [to] is caul
lid Wenfedale.
Ther be fum that fay Ure
rifith at Moffmore yn Riche -
montfeoire. Skel cummith on the one
Side of Ripon, and Ure on the
other.

Pol. II..

LELAND'S ITINERARY. 101
Mr. LaffeUes dwellith at a faire Place by Danby on Wiske
a Tounlet. Mr. Keterik dwellith at Stanewhh having a preaty Place.
It is half a Mile Eft from CawdeweUe Village, wher is feene
the Campe of Men of Warre.
Tefe pene a fontibus, and fo cumming downe by gefle a The Limes
xviii. Miles ripa citeriori devidith Richemontjhire from the he North.
Bisfhoprike. Wiske Bridge a iii. Mies d ripa citer. of Tefe devidith Riche
montjhire from Cliveland.
There is a Place an viii Mile plaine Rhhemontjlnre liith harde ap-
Weft from Bowis, {Bowis is viii. Miles on the Borders of Cravenland.
almoft ful Weft from Richemont Toun) Part of Torkjhire and Craven
a Thorough-fare in Richemotjbire cawl- hyth South Welle from Riche-
lid Maiden Caftel, where is a greate montjhire.
rounde Hepe a 60. Foote in Cumpace
of rude Stones, fiim fmaul, fiim bygge, and be fet in formam
pyramidis ; and yn the Toppe of them al ys fet one Stone in
conum, beyng a Yard and a half in lenghth. So that the hole
may be countid an xviii. Foote hy, and ys fet on a hille in
the very Egge of Stanemore. And this is a limes betwixt
Richemontfhire and Weftmerlande.
A Quarter of a Mile North from Maiden Caftel is a Bek
that goith into Tefe.
Arkengarth dale liith moft up North , and bereth fum
Bygge and Otys, litle or no Woodde, and is devidid from
Sualedale by a Bekk caullid after the Dale.
Sualedate litle Corne and much Grefle,no Wodd butLinge,
and fum Nutte Trees, the Woodde that they brenne their
Leade is brought owte of the Parte of the Shire, and owt of
Dirham/hir- Uredale veri litle Corne except Bygg or Otes, but plenti
ful of Greffe in Communes.
Coverdale is worfe then Sualedale or Urefdale for Corne,
and hath no Woode but about Coverham Abbay.
Bisjhops Dale liyth right Weft at the
Hedde of Coverdale more up into Weft- There is a praty Car or
merland having no Corn but Deere. Pole in Bifhops Dale.
In thefe Dales and the greate Hilles
aboute them is very litle or no Woodde.
The hole Cuntery of Richemontjhire The befte Woddes liyth
by Efte from the. Hylles and Dales ys be Eft of" Suale and Ure Ri-
plentiful of Whete, Rye and meately vers.
good Medowes and Wooddes. There

102

LELAND'S ITINERARY.
In the Dales of Richemontjhire they
burne Linge, Petes and Turffes.
In Places where they cutte downe
Linge good Graffe fpringith for the
Catel for a Yere or ii. ontij the Ling
overgrow hit.
• There be no Cole Pittes in Riche
mont ; yet the Eaftarly Partes of Richemont(hire burne much
Se Coles brought owt of Dyrhamfhire.

There is Plenty of good
Stone to be fquarid in very
many Places of Richemont
jhire. The Shire hath Plenty
ofTyllage.

The End of the Fifth Volume of
Mr. Leland's Itinerary.

A Letter

103

A Letter containing an Account of
fome Antiquities between Wind
sor and Oxford.
EING fo happy as to enjoy your Converfa- The occi-
tion about an Hour three Years fince, amongft fion of this
other Things, you were pleas'd to mention Lctter"
fome Objervations you had made in your
Journey between Windfir and this Place. Some
of them agreed in a great meafure with thofe which I had
made fometime before, and for that reafon you defir'd me
to write to you, as foon as I had any ffare time, a fhort Ac
count of them, that you might confider them at your Lei-
fure, and remitt them into your Notes of the other Counties
of England. In complyance therefore with your Requeft, I
fend you what my memory at prefent fuggefts to me, toge
ther with feveral Occafional Remarks and Refle&ions, which as
they cannot but be kindly receiv'd by a Perfon of your
known Candour and Humanity, fo I am very fenfible that
they will receive divers valuable Improvements from that large
Stock of Materials which you have been laying together
with great Diligence and equal SkiU for the fpace of feveral
Tears. §. 2. The firft Place you told me you ftopp'd at, shottesbrooke a villas
after you left Windfor, was a little ViUage fituated near windfir. An f...-
about fix Miles from it, call'd Shottesbrooke, or, as «llent ms. oi the old
I find it written in the old Valor Beneficiorum, Sot- S^f^'fl^
tesbrooke * ; which Valor was made about the 1 7 th. nShottelbwke.
Year f of King Edward the Firft's Reign, and we
have an excellent Copy of it in the Bodlejan Library,
which was written much about that time, and formerly be-
long'd to Sir Henry Spelman. In this Place you inform'd me
you faw nothing hardly worth remarking, but fome Remains
of a fmall Religious Houfe, concerning which however you
faid you had not found any thing of note, either in printed
* Sotesbroc in Domes-day Book ; but Schotesbroke in the Evidences I fhall
mention by and by. j- See Ranulph. Ceftrienf. fub aa. Dom. mcclxxxix.
17. Ei. I. or

1 04, An Account of fome Antiquities
or written Books, but that it's Valuation before the Diffblu-
tion, according to the Tables of Mr. WiUiam Burton, the Ley-
cefterfeme Antiquary, (printed in Mr. Speed's Hiftory of Eng
land) and Sir WiUiam Dugdale, or rather Mr. Roger Dodfe
worth, (printed in the firft Volume of the Monafticon Angli-
canum) was 33.. i8r. %d. and that the Learned Dr. Tanner in
his Notitia Monafiica, p. 7,8. tells us, that .the Original Writ
ings relating to this Place were then ( An. mdcxciv.) in the
Hands of William Cherry, £fq_ Lord of the Ma-
nour of Shottesbrooke. §.3. Now as to what Dr. Tanner has faid con-
pr. Tamn -has com- cernin2 thofe Writings, upon Inquiry about nine
mitted a fmall Mtf- v t- T r _?'_._.__ \.-f, 1 n. c
take about the wrhhis Years fince, I found it to be a Mtjtake, moft of
relating to this Cot- them being then in the Hands of Mr. Stephen Ed-
lege; moft of which wards of White Waltham, who procur'd them by his
th^Handr of MrV5r!r near ReIation to the Weldons (to whom the Lands
Ihen Edward,. They of the College of Shottesbrooke once belong'd, ) and
are fince come to he was afterwards pleas'd to communicate feveral
FBANoisCHERRY.Efq. of them to me, which are fince (by Mr. Edwards's
Leave and Permiflion) come into the Hands of
Francis CHERRY,Efq. Son to the faid Mr. W 1 l l i a m
Cherry. I have got a Tranfcript of moft of them by
me, and they will be of ufe hereafter to fuch Perfens as have
Courage and Refolution (and are withal qualify'd with Learn
ing, Judgment and Induftry) to undertake the Publication of
another Volume of the Monafticon.
§. 4. From thefe Writings it appears that Sir Wil-
The Foundation of i,am Truffell of Cublefdon in Staffordjhire, Knight,
. t T^testTokl', (Coufm-German to Sir WiUiam TruffeU, Knight,who
with the state thereof pronounc'd the Sentence of Depofition againft King
'till the ifith.yearof Edward ll. *) in the year mcccxxxvii. being the
King Richard ii. x,ti. vear 0f j^e Reign of King Edward III. found
ed here a coUege and Cbanterie for one Warden, five Priefis
or chaplains -\, and two Clerks, appropriating thereto the
Church of Shottesbrooke by Virtue of Apoftolical Letters.
This College, with the Church and chanterie, was dedicated
to St. John Baptift, and Sir WiUiam took care to have it
fufficiently endowM,; but having continued for fome Years,
it was at length reduc'd to fuch a deplorable Condition by Fire
and other Accidents, that the Priefis and clerks quite relin-
quiih'd it, none remaining but Mr. John Bradford the War
den. Upon which the faid King Edward, toward the latter
* See ICnighton's Hilt, de Eventibus ^Anglis., at the End of King Edward
II. Alfo liraftons Citron. Stowc's ~4nnals, &x j If the Rents would bear
it there were five more to be added ; but they were not to exceed that
Number. End

Between Windfor and Oxford. I0?
End of his Reign, taking thefe Difaflers into his Ro^al Con-
federation gave Licence for the Impropriation of the Church
ol Battlefden in Berks to it, which accordingly was done in
the Year mccclxxx. foon after the King's Death. Other
Benefatlions were afterwards made to it, and King Richard
t mj ±e \6t\YeZT of his ReiSn granted Licence to the
Warden and CoUege to purchafe new Lands and Tenements.
%. 5. When 1 formerly lool^d over fome of Mr
AfhmotVs Papers , in his Mufium at O x F o r d, 1 a Miftake of m,^.-
tound that he had noted that this church with the mole. sir *./.,'*» t™t-
CoUege was founded by Sir John TruffeU, Kt. (Elder fdlaad hisLady buried
Brother to Sir WiUiam) and Maud his Wife . Dau__h- i/nffl,0'to*™»%church.
that they were both buried here. I fuppofe this
_«/?/?«/._• arofe from want oi Infpedion into the chartularies,
whence it plainly appears, that Sir WiUiam himfelf was fete
Founder, without mention of his Wife as joyntly concem'd
in it, he being at that time, 1 believe, unmarry'd. And 'tis
not Sir John and his Lady, but Sir WiUiam and his Lady,
(Sifter to Edward Butler, Brother to the abovefaid Sir Wil
liam) that lye buried here, their Monument, ereded againft
the North WaU of the North Crofe of the Church, being now
to be feen. He lyes wrapt up in Lead, and Ihe in Leather
at his Feet, as appears from a Defied in the WaU. They had
Ifliie one Son, nam'd John, who dy'd fine prole, and one
Daughter, nam'd Margaret, Wife to Sir Fouk Pembrug, Kt.
She dy'd m the third year of the Reign of Henry IV. (An.
Dom. mcccci.) and likewife lyes bury'd here in the North
Crofe. For on the Verge of a fair Marble Grave-Stone (having
the Figure of a Lady in the Habit of thofe Times, cut in
Brafs ) is the following Epitaph to her Memory :
3Iei. gift Came Margaret, qnf fnf ft le femme mon=
Ct_f ;. " V *?ennbrig£ • • • cljebalfer. prte5 put lut a Diett
qtifi De falme eit pitte, et mcrcp. Amen.
§. 6. Now tho' the church, as well as the Col- There had been a
lege of Shottesbrooke, was founded by Sir WiUiam church at Shottesbrooke
TruffeU, (as may- likewife in fome meafiire be ga- Defoie that which was
ther'd from the Figure of the church, which is J°u°dfdbysir^»
made in Form of a O*/?, by way of Allufion to SgL/S^
Sir WiUiam s Arms, which I have feen in feveral of the Parifh of white-
Manufcripts of Heraldry, and were formerly paint- mlth>"».
ed over his Sepulchral Monument, but have been fince defae'd-
I fay notwithftanding Sir WiUiam built both the church and
CoUege) vet here had been a church, tho' far lefs decent and
beautiful, long before, and therefore he is by no means to
• Vol. f. O be

io$ An Account of fome Antiquities
be reckon'd the Original Founder. This is clear not only
from the old Valor Beneficiorum,but even from Domefday-Book
it felf. But I could never yet learn when, nor by whom,
'twas firft founded. In all probability (at leaft 'tis my opi
nion at prefent ) this little Farijh was taken out of the next
Panjh call'd White, or rather abbot's, Waltham, lying on the
Eafe fide of it. In the moft early Times Parijhes were of a
large Extent. Afterwards other churches were taken out of
them by the Lords of Manours, and fo the Number of Pa-
rifiies increas'd as the Lords of Manours were willing to erect
new churches ; which Liberty was fo far indulg'd and allow'd
as the Lord took care to have a Parochial Minifter fettled,
Who lhould look after the Souls of the People within fuch a
Preciwcl as by this new Foundation obtain'd the Name of a
Tanjh. When Lords of Manours undertook fuch Works of
Piety, all the Lands, Houfes and Tenements belonging to fuch
a particular Manour were alotted to the new church , and
made a diftintl Parijh from the old one. I take Shottesbrooke
to have had it's Rife from fuch an occafion. The King
having granted it to one of his Favourites ( it being Part of
bis Demeafnes, and held of the Crown by a certain Knight's
Service * ; ) in Procefs of Time a church was ereded, and
all the Lands appertaining to the Manour were annex d to
it, and made a different Parijh from the Parifli of White-
Waltham to which they belong'd before. Hence 'tis that
feveral Pieces of Ground, as Part of the jVe^.., Part of Mer
lin Pitts, and fome Lands in Bredcroft and other Fields, lye
in the Midft of White-Waltham Parifh, and are Unrounded
by Lands that are acknowledg'd and confefs'd to be of the
parijh of White-Waltham, and yet are always reckon'd to be
Part of the Parijh of Shottesbrooke. Thefe fmaU ParceUs of
Land being known at that time, when the Grant was firft
made from the Crown, to be Part of the Manour of Shottef-
brooke, when the Lord of the Manour came to found and
ered a church the whole Manour was (as ufual) made a Pa-
rifiij and fb all thefe fe after' d Lands have been ever fince ac
counted as Part of it.
§. 7. Alter King Richard 11. had given leave to
The state of the Col- the CoUege to purchafe new Lands and Tenements, I
lege from Richard ii. find nothing more of mornent about it in the cbar-
time 'till the Diffolu- ... , ° T , r , r-ii it
tion. Dr William Thro-.- tulanes that 1 have feen and confulted ; only I ga-
ttiorton the lad warden, ther that it continu'd in a flourijhing State till the
time of the Diffblution of Religious Houfes., and I
believe the laft Warden was Dr. WiUiam Throcmorton f who lyes buried
* See appendix Num. I, II, III. -j- ThisT_ir._-»>or..» took his Degree of Dr. of Laws
beyond the Seas,b\K was afterwards incorporated with us. Vid.Athen. Oxon.Vol.l. col.668. in

Between Windfor and Oxford. 107
in the Church of shottesb> ooke. For fome time fince when I
view'd and writ down the Epit.iphs here, 1 took notice of
a fittle raisd Monument againft the Nor th-WaU of the Chancel,
on the Top of which lyes the Figure in Alabafter of a Prieft
in his Habit, and in the Middle this Epitaph :
Here Ipct.) William Throcmorton, f_>relft, JDOCtor o£
3La_», late <_5art>en of tbys CJjttrch, »i.fel, Deceflfct.
the iztl) Cap of January Anno Domini iJ5f. OB WjjOtJt
Sonie Jhu rjabe mcrcj.. Amen.
JE terra in vilem refoluto corpore terram,
Sanffam expeffo dei mifericordis opem.
Expedo & nitidum rediviva carnis amiclum,
Et tandem excelfe regno beat a poll.
§ 8. Befides the two Epitaphs that 1 have tran-
fcrib'd above, there are fome other Monuments and The Monuments of
Inferiptions in this Church that will very well de- |£ £-- «*£*
terve the ferwus Confideration of a Chrifttan, an Morgan.
Antiquary and a Scholar ; but 1 fliall take notice of
two only at prefent, the one of a venerable and holy old Man,
the other of a moft religious and virtuous Lady. The Name
of the former was Thomas Noke Efq;, who lyes buried in the
North-Crofe, and over him is laid a Marble Grave-Stone,
whereon is reprefented ( in Brafe-Plates ) the Figure of an
old Man in a Gown. On his right Hand is the Effigies of his
firft Wife, and on his left of his fecond and third Wife, under
whofe Feet is this Epitaph :
Here tyetb, bttrleU Thomas Noke, so Jjo for tye great JBge
antj tertnoas i-^fe, tras refocrencetj of all flii. en, anO
commott_i. called _J.atl.er Noke, crcateO Cfqnire bg
_&tng Henry tljc eight. He Mjagf of Stature high. anO
cotnlp, atiO for his? Cjccellencp In 3irt.lleri> marje
Redman of thz Croume of England. J©], icl. _.aU in i)i&
ilpfe three U@tfoc.J_ ant) bp efoerp of them fome ztfrttlte
anO Offspring; antj teccafetj the 2.1. Tjap of Auguft
1 j6j. in the .? care of l. is 3lge 87. leafotng bel. inDe htm
julyan l)f0 laft JTjffe. fcco 0 of his brethren, one sifter,
one onlp Son, anD two 2Dat.gr. tens, lifovng.
Under this Epitaph are the Figures firft of three Daughters
and one Son, next of three Sons and two Daughters, and
laftly of one Daughter. His exemplary Courfe of Life, ma-
nag'd with all the Gravity and Sanclity that is requir d by the
ftriileft Virtue, and yet with all the Prudence, Biferetion and
good Humour of a Gentleman, gain'd him great Hono.ir,Efteem
and Reputation, and his _V<"»e is often mention'd with the
&&M Re theft amongft the Inhabitants of thefe Parts to this
O a Day.

108 An Account of fome Antiquities
Day. He was in earneft with Religion, did all the good he
was able with his Wealth, maintain'd an unblemifh'd Con
fidence, liv'd peaceably with his Neighbours, and was a true
Friend to Perfons of all conditions. This made him always
chearful, and mightily conduc'd to prolong his Life. His
Death was very much lamented, and as there was a good
Number of People that Ihew'd their Refped to him in a di-
ftinguifhing manner upon that occafion, fo we ought to take
particular notice of that fegnal Mark of Honour paid him by
the Lady Elizabeth Hoby, who compos'd the enfuing Epi
taph upon him, which is ingrav'd on a Brafs Plate fet near
the lower End of Mr. Noke's Grave-Stone.
Epitaphium dominae Elizabeths Hobbia in mortem
Thomte Noke.
O multum dilecle fenex, pater atque vocatus,
Vel quia grandavus, vel quia probus eras.
Annas vixifti novies decern, atque fateUes
Fidus eras regum, fidus erafque tuis.
Jam fatis funStus vale as, fed tu Deus alme,
Sic mihi concedas vivere, ficque mori.
The other Monument that I fpoke of is one of Marble ereded
in the Weft WaU of the faid North-Crofe to the Memory of
the. Lady Elizabeth Morgan, a Lady as eminent for Piety,
Santlity, Virtue, and all noble and laudable Accomplijhments
as moft of her Sex. This will appear from the following In-
fiription ( that is put on the Monument ) the Author of which
declaring himfelt againft all Flattery has defcrib'd her Quali
ties neatly and elegantly every way agreeable to the Plain-
nefs, Sincerity, and Innocence of her Life.
Hac tabula finer a efto
Memories.
Omatiffime fenw<e domiute Elizabeths Mor
gan,//^ Gvlielmi Morgan e comitatuMon-
mouth militis ; quce per fix annos facro connubii fce-
dere feciata fuit Gvlielmo'Morgan e comitatu
Brecon armigero, dr mortalitatis Jute exuvias depofuit
28. Junii 1638.
Haud mentiar poeta vanus, rigido
Nec fas erit marmori adulari; hie jacei
Sexus fui fpeculum, pietatis <£r
Modefeite exemplar, decus conjugii,
Solamen tegri, & pauperis Jacra anchora :
Quam fecit ortus nobtlem, & mores bonam .
Ethicis bene imbuta, <& Qeconomicis, Gnara

Between Windfor and Oxford. 109
Gnara domi imperare & parere fimul :
Mori non merita, meruiffet nife
Coelum, <fe- fiedem, animas qua manet
Tam pias.
§. 9. But before I pafs out of this church I muft not for- Mr. d 00-
get to vifit the Grave which contains the Sacred Afhes ofWELL's,
one of the greateft and yet one ol the humbleft Men that the aȣsk*T
laft Age hath bred, I mean the celebrated Mr. Henry
Dodwell; a Name that will be always mention'd with
reffeil as long as there is any due regard for Religion, Virtue
and Learning. This Great Man died in the threefcore and
tenth* Year of his Age on Thurfday June the feventh 1711.
a little after four of the Clock in the Morning, and was buried
on Saturday ( June the ninth ) immediately following in the
Chancel oi this Church, juft over againft the Monument of Dr.
Throcmorton above f mention'd, and about a lard diftant
from it. His universal Knowledge and profound Judgment in
aU Sciences and Books had rend red him famous amongsl aU the
learned Men of France, Italy [and Germany^ and the great
Sonftity and Severity of his Life bad gain'd him a Veneration
very peculiar and difiinguifhing among aU forts of People. He
made it his greateft Study to affert the Honour and Intereft of
Religion and the Clergy . and his Writings in Defence of the
Church of England againft Papifts and Presbyterians hove
been efteemed perfeEt Pieces in their kind +. His Exatlnefe in
Hiftory as well facred as prophane, and his exquifete SkiU and
Judgment in the moft intricate Parts of Chronology made his
Affiftance fo neceffary that his Help and Direction was defired
and courted by the moft learned Men of the Age. This was
the occafion that the judicious and learned Dr. WiUiam Lloyd,
now Lord Bp. of Worcefter, kept him for feveral Years very
near to himfelf, that he might not be depriv'd of the Benefit
ol converting and adviiing with a Perfon of fo extraordinary
Abilities in compiling and digefting that moft elaborate Work
of Univerfal chronology, in which his Lordfhip hath been en-
gag'd fo many Years. He always afleded a retired and pri
vate Life, and was ambitious of no Sort of Preferment, his
Modefiy being fo great, that tho' perhaps none were better
qualify'd, yet he could not entertain fuch high Thoughts as
to think himfelf fit for difcharging the Office of any Place.
His Friends would have been glad of any opportunity of
promoting and advancing him, if he would have comply'd
with their good and kind Intentions ; but no Perjwafions could
* He was born in the latter End of Olleber mdcxli. but on what day
he himfelf could never learn. f See J. 7. ^ See _/_./..«. Oxon. Vol. II.
col. 5.01. prevail

no An Account of feme Antiquities
prevail with a Man of fo humble and meek a Spirit . So that
now fome methods were to be contriv'd by which he might
be preferr'd without his Knowledge and Privity, and accord
ingly at laft it very luckily happen'd that tho' he was bred
up at Trinity-College near Dublin, (where he had had the
Benefit of a FeUowJhip, which he foon quitted that he might
avoid entering into Holy Orders ;) yet the Univerfity ofOx-
for d (upon the Death of Dr. John Lamphire) in the Year
mdclxxxviii. mofl generoufty eleded him to be Camden's Pro-
feflbr of Hftory,he being then abfent and altogether a Stranger
to the Defign. This was a very fignal Mark of Reffeil, and
tho' he could not but be aftonifh'd and concern'd at the
News, yet he look'd upon it not only as an Honour from
the Univerfity, (who pitch'd upon him, without any previous
Intereft whatfoever, purely out of Regard to his Merit) but
as an Ad ol Providence, and therefore he moft gratefuUy ac
cepted of the Place, which he was foon after admitted to,
and read his firft Leilure on May 2r. mdclxxxviii. atwhidi
time was a vaft Concourfe of Auditors. But the Univerfity
had not the happinefs of enjoying him for their Profeffor
long. For the Revolution coming on, and he being one of
thofe confcientious, good Men that could not comply with the
Government, but kept clofe*and adher'd to the Oath of Al
legiance which they had ta__en to King James the lid. for
that reafon his Place was pronounc'd void by the Vtce-chan-
ceUor in die Prefence of fome of the Heads of Houfes at two
of the Clock on November 14.. mdcxci. He read only fix-
teen LeBures, the laft of which was on November the fixth
the fame Year he was depriv'd. All thefe being afterwards
revis'd by him in his little ceU in the North Suburb of Ox
ford, were printed at die Theater in a thick Oilavo,to which
he added three other Leilures that he had prepar'd, and an
Appendix containing fome Fragments of the Libri lintei or
Diurnal Ails of the City of Rome, to which are fubjoyn'd
divers Notes and Chronological Tables. The Edition (humbly
infcrib'd to the Univerfity of Oxford) came out in
mdcxcii. and had the Worthy Author done nothing elfe 'tis
a noble Specimen of his great SkiU and Judgment in the mofi
abfirufe Points of Hifiorical and Chronological Learning. The
Book was receiv'd with Applaufe by the befi Judges. By this
Performance he hath done immortal Honour to the Name and
Memory of Mr. Camden, and 'tis thought that never any Pro-
feffor difcharg'd his Office more for the Credit of the Univer
fity, or with firitle r Regard to Confidence. Mr. Dodwell
' ^Athen. Oxon. Vol. II. col, 902.. having

Between Windfor and Oxford.
having continue for fome time in a moft private and obfcure
Condition in his CeU before mention'd, at laft retir'd to a
pleafant ViUage call'd Cookham ( a Place he had been at feveral
times beforej near Maidenhead in Berks, where he became
acquainted with my beft Friend and Patron the p«« and
Learned *k a n c i s Ch e r r y of Shottesbrooke in the fame
County, Efq This Acquaintance being diligently cultivated,
and at laft firmly fettled, much to the Content and Satis!
faction of each other, Mr. Do dwell in a fhorttime fet
tled himfelf at an old Manour Houfe call'd Smewins * fituated
in the Panfh of Wmte-Waltkam fomething above a Quarter
of a Mile South South Eaft from Mr. C h e r r y's Habitation.
After fome time fpent here, he married a young but very
dijereet and virtuous Woman from the Town of Cookham by
Whom he hath had feveral children. Upon this Marriage he
had an Houfe fitted up for him by Mr. Cher ry clofe to
Shottesbrooke Church, and in the Place where Part of the
CoUege of Shottesbrooke flood. Here and in an Houfe plac'd
fomething below this more Eofiwardly he liv'd to his dying
day. Being now fettled according to his Wife and Defire
and enjoying the daily Affiftance and Conversation of his great
and good Friend Mr. Cherry, he apply'd himfelf with his
ufual Induflry to his Studies, and afterwards writ and pu
blilh'd divers admirable Books, amongft which muft not be
forgot that elaborate one in Quarto de veteribus Gracorum &
Romanorum Cyclis. This Book was dedicated by him to Mr.
Cherry, who had a joyntfeare in the Work, as the Author
has gratefuUy acknowledge. 'Tis one of the greatefi and one
of the exacleft Performances that ever was printed of it's kind
and all were ftruck with Admiration how Mr. Dodwell
fhould find leifure in thofe times of publick Diforder and Con-
fiufion to compile a Book of fuch a Bulk, that requir'd fo much
Meditation and clofenefs of Thought. But this was the Efled
of his happy Retirement and of his own even Temper of Mind-
to which we are alfo to attribute the other learned Writings
with which he afterwards oblig'd the World. No Sufferings
whatever could make him withdraw his Affetlion to Religion
and Learning; but he went on in aconfiant, regular Courfe
of exercifing the moft Heroical Ads of Virtue and Piety, and
ofconfulting the Honour and Fame of the Nation by fuch
Works as will laft to all future Ages. He was a mofi firili
follower ol all the Rules and Orders of the Church of Eng-
lond,and was a Religious Obferver of all her Fafis and Fefiivals.
He dy'd with the fame exemplary piety with which he had
* See below towards the End of $, 12. always

in

in An Account of feme Antiquities
always liv'd, and during his laft Sicknefi he receiv'd the B.
Sacrament publickly in the Parilh Church of Shottesbrooke
from the Hands of the Minifter of that Place, the Schifin
(which had commenc'd by virtue of the Lay-Deprivation of
the Bijhops foon after the Revolution) being according to his
Principles (which may beft be learned from his Writings)
clos'd by the Death of the truly Venerable Dr. William
Lloyd Bifhop of Norwich, which happen'd on January
the firft i7°2. in the 73d. Year of his Age, leaving the Cha-
rader behind him of a very wife Man, and of a godly, primi
tive Bifhop. As to Mr. Dod well's Perfon, he was of a
JmaU but weU proportion' d Stature, of a fianguine Complexion,
of a grave, ferious, but comely, pleafant and ingenious Counte
nance, of a piercing Eye, of a fiolid Judgment and ready Ap-
frehenfion. He was a faithful and fencer e Friend, very chari
table to the Poor, (notwithftanding the narrownefs of his For
tune) free and open in his Difeourfe and Converfation, (which
he always manag'd without the leaft Perfonal Reflection) cour
teous and affable to all People, chearful in the higbeB Af
flictions and Calamities, facetious upon all proper Occafions,
ever ready to give his Counfel and Advice, and extremely
communicative of his gw* Knowledge . His motion was _?(.?_-£,
nimble and lively, and his Conftitution fo fir ong and vigorous,
that excepting three or four Fits of the _rfg»e and cholick he
enjoy'd 'till a little before he dy'd an uninterrupted Courfe
of Health, free from thofe many P<_. »r which generally ac
company old Age, and are often the Effeds of an intemperate
Life. So that if he had but taken an ordinary Care of him
felf, by making ufe of fome proper and fea finable Diverfions
(as feme of his beft Friends would often advife him) and by
lefs Abftinence from the Comforts and Refrejhments of Nature,
he might in all probability have reach'd to ninety or an hun
dred Years. But he was fo eager in the Purfuit of his Stu
dies, and fo defirous of improving himfelf in the Depths of
Learning, that whereas he always us'd to walk on Foot in his
Journeys he fieldom or never went without a Book in his
Hands. This fievere Method of living quite deftroy'd and
wore out his spirits, which were not able to keep pace with
his atlive Mind. Yet for all this 'till the laft Year of his Life
he made no complaint of any other Difiemper than a final!
Failing in his Eyes, which he mentions thus in a Letter he
writ inAugufi mdccviii. to the learned Perizonius : Quodfis
de mea valetudine feUicitus, gratum habeo. Ea fruor proffer-
rima, & per maximam vita partem ufes fiim. Nec feneclutis
hoc anno atatis lxviii. incommodum majus fientio quam defi-
cientium paulatim oculorum. Continual labour, without any
Inter-

Between Windfor and Oxford. 113
Intermiffion, brought him into a Confumption, that ended in
an intermitting Feaver which could never be ftopp'd. He
enjoy'd the ufe of his reafon to the laft, and fent up feveral
pious Ejaculations immediately before his Death, which is an
unffeakable Lofs to Religion and Learning.
§. 10. And now leaving this Great Man, I fhall The Death of the
ftep out at the South Door into the Church-Yard, ^«h«.ff that built the
where juft under the Spire lyeth an old Stone rais'd &ThX«ov£
upon Bricks above the Surface of the Ground, which his Grave. The Piain-
I remember you told me you took particular no- »>fs and Simplicity of
tice of, efpecially for this reafon, becaufe 'tis a £". hjf'- f*ifi>»' *»-
common Report amongft the Inhabitants of the ^'2^
Parifh and others thereabouts that 'tis the very
Stone that was laid over the ArchiteEt's Grave that built the
Church and Spire in the time of King Edward III. They fay
(and it hath been a conftant Tradition) that this Perfon, hav
ing either laid the laft Stone of the Spire, or elfe fix'd the
Weather-Cock, call'd for fome Wine or Ale on purpofe to
drink the King's Health; which being brought up to him, he
had no fooner drunk it but he accidentally fell down, was
dafh'd in pieces, and afterwards buried under the Spire with
this rough Stone over his Grave. I have oftentimes view'd
it, and I have been inform'd that fome Years agoe it lay flat
upon the Ground, f the Bricks that fuftain'd it being funk
down after fuch a Number of Years ) and that Mr. Richard
Clear, Redor of the Parifh, (I mean the firft of them, for
there have been two Redors of Shottesbrooke of this Name )
often faid and declar'd to his Friends in his Life-time, that
whenever he dy'd he would be buried under this Stone, which
accordingly he was. As the Grave was opening they found
feveral Bones ; but it did not appear either from Memory or
Tradition that ever any Perfon but the before mention'd Ar-
chiteS had been buried here. 'Tis a plain Free-Stone, with
out any Infeription, or the leaft Memorial to fignify to Pofte-
r'tty either who was buried under it, or the misfortune that
had befallen the Perfon over whom it was placM So remark
able and uncommon an Accident one would think might have
claim'd fome mournful Verfes, or at leaft fome other Inferi
ption from his furviving Friends. But in thofe times they
were not fo forward and ready to write Encomiums upon the
Dead. They thought Flatter j a very great Crime, (as without
doubt it is) and that the plainer Sepulchral Monuments are fo
much the more fincere Tokens of real Sorrow they carry with
them. The Greeks and Romans had * the fame Sentiments ;
* Hence, to omit other Inftances, M. Porcius Cato had divers Monuments
erected to his Memory on which his Name only was written : as, M. POR-
Vol. f. P TIVS.

n 4. An Account of fome Antiquities
and where there is any fulfiome character, or long, tedious Ha
rangue, 'tis look'd upon by the beft Judges as a good reafon
why fuch Monuments fhould be fufpeded as modern. The
Danes often ereded great Stones without any Letters upon
them . and when they put up Inficriptions, they were plain
and unaffected, without Flourifej, barely intimating the Titles
of the refpedive Perfon, without running out into Panegy-
rick. The Architect we are fpeaking of was an ingenious
Man, of great Plainnefe and Simplicity, and wanted none of
thofe fiudied Praifes which are often given by us to our dead
Friends and Relations. 'Twas thought that the manner of his
Death could not but be remembred and delivered down to fu
ture Ages without any written Evidence, and that the Simpli
city and Innocence of his Life were beft exprefs'd by a plain
Stone, without any Flourifees, which ferve to amufe the
Reader rather than make him a better Man. 'Tis therefore
no fmall Faith in many of our modern Inficriptions that the
Authors give themfelves a loofe, and run out into trifling,
whiffling, and extravagant Strains of bombafl Oratory, without
any true Conduct or Judgment, for want of which Faculty
Scholars cannot ( any more than other Men of whatever
Quality or Denomination) pretend to any tolerable fhare of
Wifidom and Prudence, notwithftanding their Claim and Pre
tention to Elegance and Finenefs of Expreffion. 'Twould be
far more decent and praifie worthy ( unlefs I am very much
miftaken j to imitate the Ancients, ( as the Reverend and
Learned Dr. Aldrich did in his Excellent Inficription
upon the Monument of Dr. WaUis *, ) and even where the
higheft merits are confpicuous only to give a compendious,
Jhojrt Narrative, with a plain but comprehenftve character and
Elogium of the feveral great and iUuftrious Perfonages to whom
the Monuments are ereded ; and to take care to have all this
done in an Hiflorical Style, without any vain, idle Flouriflies
of Wit and Fancy.
a Difference be- §. 1 1. Juft at the time when you were furveying
tween the inhabitants the Church and Antiquities of Shottesbrooke there
wiittZ conce'rmn " haPPen'd to °e ^ unhappy Difference and Contest
the "Bounds of "thdr between the Parifhes of Bray and White-Waltham
Parijhes. (out of the latter of which, as I have before ob-
ferv'd, the Parifh of Shottesbrooke had been taken) concern
ing the Bounds of each Parifej, the Inhabitants of Bray being
TIVS. M. F. CATO. GENSORIVS. And M. PORCIVS. CATO. CEN-
SORIVS. And M. PORCIVS. M. F. M. N. CATO. Which three Infcri-
ptiom are cited by P. Servius in his Mifcell. p. 77. of the lid. Tome of Mif-
cellanea Italica erudita publilh'd by Gaudentiut Robertus, to which excellent
Collettionl refer you. * See the appendix Num. IV. charg'd

Between Windfor and Oxford. 115
charg'd with Incroachments upon, the Lands that belong to
White-Waltham. This Difference, however trivial it may
feem, was carry'd fo high as to produce divers bad ConJ'e-
quences; all which might have been avoyded had not the late
Dr. Francis carfiweU, Vicar of Bray, ( a Man of much the
fame Principles with his famous Predeceffor that occafion'd the
remarkable Proverb of this County ) been the principal Pro
moter and Encourager of thefe violent and unwarrantable Pro
ceedings; the Injuftice of which I cannot better reprefent
than by an exact Account of the Bounds of White-Waltham
Parifh as they are marked out and fettled in their Yearly Per
ambulations ; which I have therefore made fome Inquiry a-
bout, and my Information as it came from a Perfon that
knows thefe Things perfedly well, fo I can rely upon his
Probity and Integrity in keeping ftridly to Truth in each par
ticular, and for that reafon I have tranfmitted it to you that it
may be preferv'd amongft your other Obferv at ions, and by that
means be a Satisfadion to Pofierity if ever the Diffute fhould
happen to be reviv'd.
§. 12. After a good Number of Porifhioners have A particu,ar Account
been call'd together by the tolling ofthe bigge ft ofthe Bounds of white-
BeU ( which was alfo the ancient Cuftom of ga- waltham Parifh as fet-
thering the Parfeioners together in all Parts of ,^d and mark'd out
England upon fuch fiolemn Occafions ) they begin ZiltiZ. '
their Perambulation in White-Waltham Street at the
End of the Smith's Shop, where there is a Ditch that is dug
between Shottesbrooke and White-Waltham. Being direded
by this Ditch they pafs on, and taking in Part of a large Field
call'd Waltham-Field , they enter into a clofie commonly
known by the Name of Terrefej, which belong'd formerly to
the CoUege of Shottesbrooke. Having taken in Part of the
faid Clofie, they make a Crofe hard by Terrefe>-Garden, where
were once great Buildings, as appear'd by large Quantities of
Ruins and Rubbifh (that feem'd to be very ancient _) when
'twas firft plough'd up, which was done within the memory
of Man. Thence they go into a Common-Field call'd Watajh,
and take in moft part of that from Shottesbrooke. Afterwards
they go into another Common-Field call'd Weftlowe, and leav
ing the greateft Part to Shottesbrooke they pafs on by the
Ditch-Side, and take in all the feveral clofies of Land which
belong'd lately to Richard Grove of the Lane. Then they
go into a clofe belonging to the Farm call'd Pidgeon- Holes,
where there is a Room ( at leaft 'tis reported to be) in the
Parifh of White-Waltham. After that they take in a clofie of
about 20. Acres on the other Side of the Lane where fome
Years agoe there were Houfes, and is known by the Name
Pi of

u 6 An Account of feme Antiquities
of EyUbudds. Then paffing up the Lane to a Crofe (in the
Ground) between Hurley and White-Waltham, they go on
thence through feveral Grounds between Hurley and White-
Waltham, and take in a y«.../7 VtUage call'd Little-Wick, where
they cutaoo/5 on one Side of a large Beech-Tree, on the
other Side of which Tree the Parilhioners of Hurley cut ano
ther Crofe. Thence they go through an old chalk-Pit to ano
ther great Beech-Tree, where they likewife make a Crofs clofe
by the High-Road that leads to Reading. Then they go
along by the High-Way Side, taking in Part of it, to WdoUey-
Green, where they make a Crofs (in the Ground) between Bifi-
ham, Cookham and White-Waltham. Thence they go, turn
ing to the right hand, to a chalk-Pit, by which they make
another Crofis ( in the Ground ) between Cookham, Bray and
White-Waltham, and fo they pafs through an Entry belonging
to an ancient Houfe call'd the White-Houfe, which now be
longs to Richard Baffett, and fome Years agoe was Part of
the Poffeffions of the old Family of the Weficotts. Leaving
one End of the faid Houfe to Bray, after they have taken __
Refre(hment here, ( as the Parifhioners of Bray likewife ufe
to do ) they go thence along by the Ditch Side through fe
veral Grounds between Bray and White-Waltham 'till they
come to the Lane-Houfe, where they take another Refrejh-
ment. Then they pafs on to a cloje belonging to Lantoons
Form. At this Farm they flop and take another Refrejhment,
and fo going thwart Low-Brook-Lane they enter one of Hey
wood Grounds call'd Walnut-Tree Plot. Being enter'd that
Clofe they pafs on Southwards all along the Grounds belong
ing to Heywood 'till they come to the Mote by Heywood
Houfe, at which Houfe they put in and ufe to have a noble
Treat. Then going through the other Grounds belonging to
the faid Houfe between Bray and White-Waltham they pafs
into a Wood or Coppice call'd White-Paddock, and fo keep on
Southward near Pay ley-Street, where at a Houfe call'd Triggs
they have a Refreshment. Then they return and keep on
Southward 'till they come into the Common High-Way lead
ing to Windfior, and there upon an Elm-Tree they make a
Crofis between Bray and White-Waltham. Thence they turn
Weftward down the faid High-Way 'till they come to Ship-
cott-Lane. Here they fteer Southward and pafs up the faid
Lane leaving Waltham HiUs on the left hand in Bray Parifh
'till they come to a Crofs which is cut in the Ground at the
faid Lanes End,and divides Bray from White-Waltham. Then
they turn Eaftward, and taking in a fmall Cottage with an
Orchard they pafs on to Tut chin Lane End, where tbey make
a Crofe on an Elm-Tree, which Tree was planted by Sir Ed
mund

Between Windfor and Oxford. 117
mund Sawyer Kt. about threefcore Years agoe, before which
time there flood in the fame Place a prodigious great hollow
Oak call'd Fair-Oak. Then they turn Southward and pais
on by Bray-Wood Side 'till they come near the great Pond,
where is a very large Stone ("that is fix'd deep in the Ground)
call'd Red- Stone. Leaving this Stone, which is a Bound or
Mark between Bray and White-Waltham,they tumWefiword,
and taking in a fmall Cottage and Back-fide they carry on their
Journey by the Hedge-Side 'till they come quite to the Bot
tom or Jealous-HiU, where they mate a Crofis (in the Ground)
between Bray and White-Waltham. Then they afcend the
faid HiU, and paffing on it South-Eaft 'till they are got about
half way they make another Crofs (in the Ground) between
Warfield and White-Waltham. Then they turn Weftward by
a crooked Gutter Side near HazeU-Wood, and go on 'till they
come near Weftlowe-MiUs. Here they turn Northward, and
travel on to the Corner of a Wood where there formerly flood
a Maple-Tree. At this Place they make a Crofis (in the
Ground ) between Binfield and White-Waltham. Keeping on
Northward by the Ditch-fide near Cock-Jhott Bridge, they pafs
through a J^W call'd Halwicke's-Wood 'till they come near
Brick-Bridge. Then they turn Weftward, and taking in a
finall Wood or Coppice, that was taken out of the common,
they pafs on 'till they come into Beenham's-Heath, where
they go near an old Ditch, or rather a Bulwark, and do not
flop 'till they come near Beenham's, where there was for
merly a Church, as it appears from the old Valor Beneficiorum,
tho' it has been deftroy'd feveral Years. Here they make a
great Crofs in the Ground as a Boundary between them and
Laurence-Waltham. Thence they turn Northward through
the midft of a Wood, and coming near PundaU's-Farm, they
turn Eaftward into Smewins Grounds, and take a Refrefh-
ment at Smewins Houfe, a Place that is moted round, and
was formerly ( as 'tis reported ) one of the Country Houfes of
Prince Arthur, King Henry the Seventh's Eldeft Son. Here
without the Gate is a Crofe (in the Common) between White-
Waltham and Shottesbrooke. Then they turn again , and
taking in moft Part of Smewin's Grounds, they carry on their
Journey 'till they come into Shottesbrooke-Maxfh, where they
End their Perambulation.
§.I3. Altho' during the time Dr. Carfi- The Differences about thefe
veil was Vicar of Bray the Incroachments upon Bmnd' m. °'d "™,e™e. ""';
_._. t_ -n_ .-„,_.- ,/, , ¦ r rsr examine m the Reign of
the Parifh of White-Waltham were more con- K Edaard L „.. •_...._,, or
fiderable and grievous than they had ever been »_..,_,, formerly overgrown
before, yet the Differences between each Pa- with woe!, and infeftedwith
rilh upon account of the true Bounds had been **'"" snd *Mers- canyd

ii 8 An Account of fome Antiquities
carr/d very high in former times, particularly in the Reign
of King Edward the Firft, when the matter was ftridly ex-
amin'd by proper Perfons delegated and fworn for that pur-
pofe, and the Ifliie of the Inquiry was recorded, and is now
exftant amongft other old Evidences in the Tower of London,
which I fhall therefore fubjoyn in the * Appendix to this Let
ter. It appears from thence that this Controverfy was decided
in the Year mcccxl. being the i_}.th. Year of that King's
Reign : and that one Caufe of the Inquiry was the King's
Sequeftration of fome of the Tithes that oelong'd to the Pa-
riin of Bray. One ofthe Perfons impanell'd upon the Jury
was Edmund de Littlefend, which perhaps fhould be Edmund
de Ldttlefield, fend for field being often us'd in old Records.
There is a Place call'd Littlefield, a Green in which are fome
Houjes, fituated near a Mle Southwards from the Church of
White-Waltham, from which 'tis not unlikely the Family might
be denominated. The Jury gave in Evidence that the Pariih
of Bray began at a Place call'd Bodelejbole , which is the
fame that is now nam'd Ruddleffole. From thence it ex
tended it felf to the Houfe of Walter de la Howe in the Pa
rifh of Windfor, and from thence to a Place call'd in the In-
firument by the Name of Elyfier : which was the fartheft Li
mit Southwards. From thence it ftretched it felf to Heth-
rewe, which was the Bound Weftward. Then it went to a
Place ( near Bradenbrugg ) where in old time flood a certain
Oak. This was one ofthe Limits or Bounds, and on it they
us'd to cut a Crofe. Thence it extended it felf to Crukesfend
one of the King's Vacheryes ; from Crukesfend to Fayrhok,
from Fayrhok to Wolvelye, and from Wolvelye to Maydenhith
or Maidenhead. In this Paper there is nothing that relates
to the Bounds of White-Waltham but Crukesfend, Fairhok and
Wolvelye. The firft I take to be the fame Houfe where Mr.
Hercy now dwelleth at Hawthorne, fome diftance Southward
from Red- Stone Pond: in confirmation of which opinion Mr.
Hercy lately told a certain Friend of mine that it was former
ly, as appear'd by his Writings, one of the King's Dary-
Houfis. From this old Inquifition there is fome room to con-
jedurethat the Parifhioners of White-Waltham ought to go
in dieir Perambulations as far as this Houfe, and perhaps
they had formerly a Refrejhment at it. Fayrhok is nothing but
the great Oak I have mention'd in the former Section : and
Wolveley is what we now call Wooley. The Saxons call'd
this laft Place pulperleag, i. e. a Place of Wolves. 'Tis not
at all improbable that 'twas formerly much infefted with
Wolves, efpecially if it be confider'd that the Woods were
here as well as in all thofe chiltem Parti far thicker and
• Num. v. larger

Between Windfor and Oxford. 1 19
larger than they are at prefent, and were a Refuge for Rob
bers, ( as well as for wild Beafis; ) which was the reafon that
the Manour of Flamftede was given by Leaf st an Abbat of St.
Albans to a certain Souldier of great Valour and courage
call'd Thurnoth, with this condition that he fhould in lieu of
it take effedual Methods to have moft ol the Woods cut
down, and the Robbers difpers'd, which accordingly he care
fully and pundually perform'd. This is related in the Ap
pendix * to Dr. Watt s's accurate Edition of Matthew Paris ;
but I do not remember to have met with it in any other
publilh'd Author. Now as Crukesfend was a Bound to Bray,
fo 'tis likely that it deriv'd it's Name from the large Crofe
that was here cut formerly to diftinguifh and mark out the
Limits of the Parifh. Of late Years the Parijhioners have
ftrangely intruded upon White-Waltham in the Common, and
have taken in a great Part of Heywood Lordfhip, quite con
trary to the Determination in the Paper I have produc'd, and
altogether againft Cuftom. I remember that fome Years ago
I had the curiofity to walk round the Parifh of White-Wal
tham my felf in one of the Tear ly circuits, at which time I
could not but take particular Notice of the Infolence of the
Parilhioners of Bray in tranfgrefling their Bounds when they
came to Crukesfend. Dr. CarfiweU headed and direded them,
and they pafs'd in great Triumph through the Common, taking
in all Red-Stone Pond and confiderably farther more Wefi ;
whereas they ought to have left the Pond on the Weft, and
to have kept clofe by the Wood Side. I take the Red Stone
to have been plac'd at that time when the Controverfe firft
began. We meet with fome Stones in England that were
fix'd f purely to notify the exad Bounds of Counties, and this
Stone we are fpeaking of was look'd upon as a more ftanding
and fure Mark for Diftindion than a Crofis on aTree or in the
Ground, and lefs fubjed to Alteration, and the adjoyning
Pond taking it's Name from it would alfo ferve as a Di-
redion to Pofterity in fettling the Diffutes that might arife
upon this Occafion.
§. 14. This Difference having oblig'd me to fay
fo much about the Parifh of White-Waltham, it will J^S"^
be exipeded by you that I fhould likewife fend ____' cLlaSer." 'W
fou fome Account ofthe Monuments in that church.
have had an opportunity of viewing them very frequently ;
hut I do not find any ereded to Perfons of note for Learn
ing, except a White Marble one on the Weft WaU in a cha-
* Pag. _j.r. in vita Leofslani. f See in this Fifth Vol. of Mr Uland's
Itin, foi. 116. pel

120 An Account of feme Antiquities
pel on the South Side of the chancel; which I fliall therefore
tranicribe at large :
Gulielmus Neile, Pauli Neile eauitis aurati natu
max filius, Richardi Neile archiepifeopi Ebor. nepos,
Academia Oxon. alumnus, fiocietatis philofiophorum
regia focius, fereniffimo Carolo 11°. a camera privata.
Suavitate morum <&• temperantia plufiquam iuvenili
Jpettabtlis, Geometria fiudiifique phtlofophicis totus
incubuit, ejr perfficaciffimi ingenii varia dedit ff-eci-
mina, donee ingentibus cceptis amicifejue lugentibus im-
matura morte valedixit , prareptus Vl___°. Calend.
Odob. A<>. MDCLXX. Piiffimo filio pater tnoerens p.
Underneath on a Black Marble on the Floor :
Here lyeth interred the Body ©/"William
Neile Efiq;, eldeft Sonne of Sir Paule
Neile Kl. and Grandchild to Richard
Neile late ZA Archbp. pf Yorke. He was
borne at Bifhop Thorpe in the County
of Yorke the 7th. day c/December 1637.
and dyed in this Parijh e/White-Waltham
the Z4.&. day of Auguft 1670.
This Religious and Learned young Man (who had been
Gentleman-Commoner of Wadham-College ) died in the 33 d.
Year of his Age in his Father's Houfe fituated on the HiU at
a fmall Diftance Southwards from the Church. This Houfe,
which is commonly call'd The HiU Houfe, and was rebuilt, at
leaft the greateft Part of it, by one Roger Gardiner Gent.
and Citizen of London in or about the Year mdcxxxiv. be
long'd anciently to the Noble Family ofthe Windfors,and was
then known by the Name of Waltham-Place. The Situation
of it is pleafant, and the Proffect very agreeable. Upon the
Top or the Houfe is an Obfiervatory, which Mr. Neile made
great ufe of in carrying on his Mathematical Studies, which
he profecuted with uncommon Indufiry and Application. He
was a virtuous, fiber, pious Man, and had fuch a powerful
Genius to Mathematical Learning, that had he not been cut
off' in the prime of his Years in all probability he would have
equall'd, if not exceeded, the moft celebrated Men of that
Profeffion. That which haften'd his Death was a deep Me
lancholy, that was unfortunately contraded by his being in,
love with one of the Maids of Honour, whom he would fain
have married, but he could not gain the Confent of his Fa~
ther Sir Paul Neile.
§. 1 j. When

Between Windfor and Oxford. 1 2 1
§. if. When I was laft in the Church of White-
Waltham I could not forbear taking notice of one _,,The 3e °J Mr-
o^Regifters oi -theParifi, by which it appears 2S2j^rf^
that one Mr. John Blower was. Vicar there fixty preach'd butonce. His
ieven Years together, namely from the Year ^"aSer. The cuftom
mdlxxvii. till the time of his Death, which of-the ^ncienu in cie-
fell out in the Year mdcxliv. That which Ten- a"ng the °^rii-
ders it more remarkable is this, that he had been Mini
ster at another Place fome Years before he came thither
bo that I believe he was at leaft an hundred Years old
when he died. 'Tis reported that he was a _^/_v&-Man
and that he was look'd upon as a very good Scholar.
He was bhnd for fome Years, ( but not many) which oblig'd
him to hire and keep a Curate. 'Tis faid that he never
preach'd but one Sermon in his Life, which was before Queen
Elizabeth; and that as he was going about to carefs the
Queen, he firft faid my Royal Queen, and a litde after my
Noble Queen. Upon which fays the Queen, what am I ten
Groats worfe than I was? At which Words being baulked
(for he was a Man of Modefty) he could not be prevail'd
with to preach any more, but faid he would always read the
Homilies for the future j which accordingly he did. He was
a diligent and punctual Man, very careful of the Affairs of
his Parijh, and a great Lover of old Cuftoms, which was the
reafon, perhaps, that he put down with his own hand the
Figure ofthe Key of the Weft Door ofthe Church in the Re-
gifter, which is a thing ( I believe ) that had been alfo fre
quently pradis'd by the Ancients at the Delivery ofthe church
Keys to the Oftiarii, on purpofe that they might hinder them
from being alter'd. Thofe Officers were formerly created with
a great Deal of Ceremony, the Bifhops themfelves delivering
the Keys, and the Deacons the Doors of the refpedive
Churches. Afterwards when churches came to be more nu
merous and Parijhes of lefs Extent the Minifters of each Parifh
did thatBufinefs without putting the Bifhop to trouble; and
they obferv'd the fame caution in taking a Note of the
Form of the Keys either by Picture or by Writing ; and 'tis
likely Mr. Blower might have refped to this Cuftom in in
ferring the Shape of one of the Keys of this church in the Re-
g'tfter, which it may be he did when 'twas deliver^ by him
to his Clerk.
§. irJ. Leaving Shottesbrooke, about half a Mile A Roman Fort at
on this Side you ftopp'd at a Village call'd Laurence- LauTe»"-waitham.. a
Waltham, that formerly belong'd to the Abbey of c%f °iaMi>>" G..w-
Hurley. Here you told me you were fhew'd feveral
Coyns of the Lower Emperors, found in an adjacent Field;
Vol. f. Q. which

i ix An Account of feme Antiquities
which you took the more notice of, becaufe Mr. Camden
tells us that in that Field was a Roman Fort, as he gather'd
from the corns frequently found by the Husbandmen. . I have
been fhew'd divers of thefe coyns, and I was once of opi
nion, that 'twas built about the time of Cottfiantius the Younger;
but I have fince chang'-d that opinion, and I now believe
'twas founded a great many Years before. . I have amongft
other Coyns feen one dug up here of Claudius Gothicus, which
hath on the Face Side,
Divo clavdiO. claudii Gothici caput tadiatum :
And on the Reverie,
CoNSECRATlO. Aquila.
Whfeh Coyn tho' not rare ( for Abundance of them were
ftruck upon the Death of this ExceUent Emperor ) yet it fhews
that this Roman Cafile was in a flourifhing Condition after the
year cclxx, and perhaps it might continue fo 'till very near
the Invafion of the Saxons.
§. 17. 'Tis not unlikely but that it had a great
The Ruines of su- Dependence upon Sikhefier in Hampshire, which is
chefier. my cock.™ &e ^ nQ grea(. DiltanGe from itj an<J had a very con.
fame with fic-) cop. fiderable Command over this Part of the Iftand,
being a very large Place , as -appears not only from the
Ruines of the WaUs, which are in circuit a at leaft two Miles,
but alfo from the Name it felf, Sel-cajrep, or Sil-cearteji,
fignifying nothing elfe b but a great City, unlefs we will ra-
dier fuppofe that it has reference to the S axon Word Sele,
which fignifies a HaU or Palace, and that fome Roman Com
mander of more dian ordinary Power had here his Place of
Refidence. But omitting this, which is nothing more than
Conjedure, 'tis certain from the vaft Number of old Bricks
and other Ruines, that this Fort in the Parifh of Laurence-
Waltbamwas of confiderable Extent,and of no ftnall Strength.
The Field in which it flood is now call'd Weycock, which
tho* in the firft Draught of this Letter «= I thought to be no
thing but a Corruption of the Saxo n Word fic-fcop, i. e.
a Place of Incamping, or a Fort, yet 1 have fince that time
alter'd my opinion, as I have noted in my Preface <* to the
firft Volume of Mr. Leland's Itinerary.

a See Camden in Harnpjhire, ^and Mr. L»tatia"j Itinerary Vol. VITI. p. 19.
¦// Camden ibid. Somner in his Saxon Gloffary, voc. Sll-cearcen '. and
Dr. Gibftn's Rules for interpreting Names at the End of his Ed. ofthe
Saxon.- Chron. fub Sel. c Printed in the Memoirs for the Curious for the
Month of Nov, MDCCVIII. d Page XI. §. 18. And

Between Windfor and Oxford. 123
§. 18. And here 1 cannot but wifli, that thofe „, „ ,., .
who lhall hereafter undertake to give us a fecond re J^_ ^
Part of Camden s Britannia (whether in Latin or (hall undertake a fe-
Englijh) would be very nice in obferving the Place cond Pa" of Camden's
where any Inficriptions, Coyns, or other old Monu^- Bri'Mn!f The cha-
mentsare found, and that they would give us exaft [7^
Deficriptions of thofe Coyaf which they find not de-
fcrib'd in Occo and others who have undertaken to write
upon this Subjed. This as it would be a very confiderable
Improvement of this noble Work, fo would it be the beft way
to illuftrate the old Itineraries, and to point out the Roman
Garrifims, feveral of which remain as yet untouch'd by our
Antiquaries ; but then the Perfons that attempt fiich a Work
as they ought to be endow'd with excellent Natural Parts, a
ftrong Judgment, and great Induftry, fo they ought to travel
to ahd view every particular Place themfelves, to confult and
examin Records and old Writings, to be very cautious how
they take any thing upon truft, and to be very well vers'd
in all the Greek and Roman Hiftory. All CoUections that
have been made formerly, whether in the Bodlejan, or cot-
tonian, or any other Library (publick or private) fhould be
perus'd and read over with the utmoft Nicety and Exattnefis,
and nothing put down haftily and at random. The Manu-
fiript Additions and Corrections under Mr. Camden's own
hand (that I have at prefent, by the Gift of the late learned
Dr. Thomas Smith, in my Cuftody) are to be ftrictly
obferv'd and accounted for ; as are alfo the MSS. CoUections
that were made by the learned Mr. Edward Llhvyd,
whofe Obfervations both as to Antiquities and Natural Hiftory
in his Travels not only over Wales, both North and South,
but in Ireland and Scotland, are certainly (altho' I have not
had a fight of them) very curious and excellent. For he was
a Man of indefatigable Induftry and of an enterprizing and
daring Genius, whom no Difficulties or Hardfhips could deterr
or frighten from profecuting his worthy and laudable Defigns ;
and therefore as nothing uncommon and fit to be noted could
efcape his Inquiry, fo he would never reft fatisfied 'till he
came to a View of it himfelf. After all, ,the Roman Inficri
ptions, as colleded by Mazochius, Apian, Smetius, Lipfius,
Gruter, Reinefius, Fabretti and others, fhould be diligently
and carefuUy read over, and each Perfon fhould be very well
acquainted with the Abbreviations of the Ancients as they
are explain'd by Vrfatus and other Writers. Such a Task
will require feveral Years hard Labour ; which no one will
think too much that confiders how Mr. Camden fpent 30.
Years and more before he could finilh bis Defign, and
Qz that

124- An Account of fome Antiquities
that the fame Method hath been us'd by all Antiquaries of
note. §. 10. The moft confiderable Coyn that I have
A Silver Coyn of _^- _-een dug up ^ pfreyC0Ck fs a silver one of Amynt as,
Tf^Tc.s o.Srv. Grand-Fatner to Alexander the Great, which I
Efq. The Dwrfc and mention the rather becaufe I do not remember to
charaBer of Mr. Tho- have feen it in any Author that 1 have confulted.
maj Cherrv. "pis true De Wilde * has four of them, but then
they are all Brafis, and of lefs Value than this I am mention
ing, which is now with feveral others in the Pofleflion of
the pious and learned Francis Cherry, Efq. It has
the Head of Amyntos cover'd with a Lyon's Skin, (according
to the Cuftom of the ancient Heroes ) and on the Reverie
Am y nt a, with an Eagle, treading on a Serpent, denoting,
perhaps, the Conqueftof Theffaly by Amyntos, in which
Country, as divers of the ancient Authors have thought fit to
inform us, are a vaft Number of Serpents. But you will be
better able to judge of this Coyn, and to make proper- Re
marks upon it, from the following Draught, which when you
have confider'd I humbly intreat that you would let me
know your Thoughts and Sentiments of it by the firft op
portunity.

I am oblig'd for this Draught toMr.THOMAS Cherry,
M. A. of Edmund-Han, who it he had liv'd longer would
have communicated to me divers other Antiquities and Cu
rio fities of this nature, by the help of which 'tis poffible I
might have fet the Antiquities of Shottesbrooke, and fome
other Places, in a mubh better Light than I am now capable
of doing from my own fingle Obfiervetions. But we were de
prive of this Advantage by his untimely Death, which hap-
pen'd at London about 3. a Clock in the Afternoon on Sunday
November the feventeenth in one thoufand feven hundred
and fix, and he was buried on Wednefday immediately fol
lowing, (being November the twentieth) at St. Andrew's
Church in Hotborn in a Vault that runs under the church,
tho' the Entrance be in the ckurch-Tard. This young Gen
tleman ( who was litde more than twenty three Years of
Age) was a Perfon of a graceful, tall, but fomewhat too
* Numifm. antiq. ex Muf_o Jac. de Wilde, .-..n/r.MPCXcii at the beginning. ftender

Between Windfor and Oxford. 125
flender Stature, of a bajbful, modeft Countenance, of a very
obliging Converfettion, of wonderful good nature, and oi fin-
gular Probity and Integrity. He was a Man of good Judg
ment, was a Lover of Learning and Learned Men, and had
we enjoy'd him fome Years longer I do not doubt but he
would have prov'd an Ornament to the clergy (he being juft
enter'd into Holy Orders) and have imitated his near Relation
Mr. Francis Cherry (from whom and from Mr.
Dodwell he had receiv'd Principles of true Virtue and
Honefiy ) in doing what good he could for the Honour and
Glory of this church and Nation. The Lofs of a Gentleman,
fo hopeful in all refpeds, in the very Bloom and Flower of
his Years, could not but be a great and terrible Blow to all
his furviving Friends and Relations, ( and particularly to my
felf, who had contraded an intimate Friendjhip with him,
when we went to School together, and 'twas fo inviolably
maintain'd to the laft that he was my conftant and, as it were,
only Companion in my Studies, and I reap'd no JmaU Benefit
from his Conve-rfiation;) but God's Providence is always con-
duded and guided by Rules and Meafures of infinite Wifidom
and Goodnejs, and the reafons of his Determinations are be
yond our Knowledge and comprehenfion. 'Tis too apparent
that He hath a Controverjy with this church and Nation for
our Sins and Defection, and it feems plain to me that this
innocent Toung Gentleman is happily remov'd and taken away
from the Evil to come. It ought therefore to be matter of
Joy to us rather than Grief; at leaft we ought, as becomes
Chrifiians and Wife Men, to acquiefce and fubmit without any
Murmuring, Complaint, or exceffive Lamentations.
§. 20. Leaving Laurence-Waltham you ftopp'd . f
no where 'till you came to Dorchefter, (feven Miles an E"!fiTeZ 5«™The,
from Oxford) the Church of which Place being pmry of Biacit-canons
very large, you had the curiofity to take a view of <^"e. Birinus the firft
the feveral Monuments in it. Here you faw fome ^^Zftbafe^f
that were ancient, and guefs'd righdy that it form- atZnfZnumenV,^-
erly belong'd to fome Religious Houfe. For in the ticularly of that ereft-
Saxon Times at this Place was an Epifiopal See, ed to bp. _/£/._¦,.._..
founded by St. Birinus A. D. dcxxxv. and upon J ^^^ an^_fte;
that account it often occurrs in the Saxon chro- B^_. . anci "n y pai
nicle and other Annals ; but upon the Tranflation
of it to Lincoln by Remigius A. D. mlxxv. (by reafon the
City was then much diminifh'd, and not judg'd equal to the
Largenefs of this Bifhoprick) here was founded a Priory of
Black-Canons by Alexander Bifhop of Lincoln A- D- mcxl.
and the Parochial church now ftanding was the very church
belonging to the Priory, and for that reafon bears even to
_ . ._ ._ .-. this

lz6 An Account of feme Antiquities
this day the Name ofthe Prebend church a. As St. Birinus
was the firft Bifhop of this Place, fo upon his Death he be
queathe his Body to be buried in the Church, which he had
founded all of Wood ( I fuppofe ) agreeable to the Cuftom
then in pradife, when Architects were very ficarce, and had
little SkiU in the true Rules of Building. After it had relied
here feveral Years it was at laft tranflated » to Winchefter
(that was one Part of this Diocefe, which contain'd under it's
Jurifdidion the two large Kingdoms of the Weft- Saxons and
Mercians ) by Bifhop Headda. Mr. Leland hath alfo noted
c that St. Birinus was buried at Dorchefter, but fays nothing
of his Tranflation, nor of his Paflage into England, and his
Converting the Heathens of thefe Parts, the Hiftory of which
is painted in the Windows of the church. One of Birinus 's
Succeffbrs in this See was Mfichwine, whofe Image of Free-
Stone with an Infiription on it was in being when Mr. Leland
was here in mdxlii. as he hath exprefsly noted <*. The laft
time I walk'd over to view the Antiquities of this once great
and famous city, I fpent feveral Hours in the church on pur-
pofe to find out the faid Monument of Bifliop Mfichwine ; but
I could not, after the moft diligent Search, find the leaft Fra
gment of it : which makes me conclude that it hath been con-
vey'd away and utterly deftroy'd by the Sacrilegious Hands
of fome Presbyterians or other Fanaticks. I perceive alfo by
¦fomeManufcriptP.*/>_Tr that Mr, Wood fought after this vene
rable old Monument to no purpofe. Mfichwine, as well as
Birinus, was a good Benefactor to the Place, and had per
form'd feveral pious Aits which gain'd him lafting Honour
and Reputation after his Death. Hence the biggeft BeU was
dedicated both to Birinus and Mfichwine, and the Inhabitants
ofthe Town report odd Stories ofthe Bell to this day, as if it
had by virtue of it's being confecrated to thefe Prelates done
feveral miraculous things, and oftentimes preferv'd the Town
from imminent Dangers. But this Power was formerly be-
liev'd to be in all BeUs, efpecially it they had been confe
crated. The Heathens as well as chrifiians believ'd it, which
made BeUs (or fomething equivalent to them) to become very
common, and great Caution was us'd againft all Injuries that
might be done them. But tho' I could not have the Satif-
fadion of meeting with the Monument of Mfichwine, yet 'twas
an imffieakable Pteafhre to me to furvey the other venerable
Remains of this Place; tho' I could not but be mov'd with
Indignation to find the Monuments of feveral of die Abbots,
a See Mr. Leland's ltin. Vol. II. foi. 10. b See Brompton's Chronicle apud
X. Scriptores cql. 7;6. b. _ inn. Vol.11, foi. 10. d ibid, foi. 1 1 .
Knights

Between Windfor and Oxford. 127
Knights and Efiquires ( that had b*en buried in the Quire )
fo much defac'd, and the Brafe Plates torn off" from divers
Grave-Stones by Perfons that (notwithllanding their Pretences)
have not the leafi Regard to Religion, or Good Manners, but
irreverently trample upon the Ajhes of their Holy Anceftors,
vilify and afperfe them, fpeak lightly of their Good Works,
and take all poffible Methods to deftroy and break in pieces
the Stones that have been ereded to their Memory.
§.21. But altho' Mr. Leland has noted that fe- ^ did
veral Perfons of high Rank and Quality were buried col,ea £^.J_ „ "
in this church ; yet he did not think fit to write iefs there was Come
down any one of the Inficriptions, which 'tis likely thing very remarka-
were legible enough in his time. He contented ^f™ ^^J" of £_he
himfelf with fijort Memoirs, not believing it worth *%,b*t, ofTorctjll*
his while to colled Epitaphs unlets he found there
was fomething remarkable in them befides the Name and
the mention of the Perfons Death. 'Tis difficult at this time
to read the moft ancient of thefe Monuments ; yet from thofe
Letters that are remaining I gather that there is fittle or no
thing of moment on them. They neither difcover nor il-
luftrate any thing confiderable in Hiftory, and are therefore
to be regarded more for their Antiquity and the fiacred Ufie to
which they are put, than for the fervice they do to Learn
ing. But becaufe in our Difiourfe you happen'd to mention
the Abbey of Raunton in Stafford-Jhire, and the Family ofthe
Suttons, 1 {hall fend you two of thefe old Inficriptions, as they
are ingrav'd on the Verges of two of the Grave-Stones that
lye in the Quire of the Church ; the former of which is to the
memory of a Bifhop that had been Prior both of Raunton
and Dorchester, ( and his Effigies is cut on the Stone ) the lat
ter of a Prior of Dor chefier, who perhaps was a Man of good
Note and Learning, notwithftanding there be not the leaft
Hint of it in the Infeription.
IS. (c facet JDni?" Rogerus quontam ptiot ptlotatasJ Be
Rauton in com, Stafordix, ipoftea abbas mon . 0 e Dor-
chefter Lincol. 3D(o«f. necnon epttsT Lidenfis. caiug
anims ipropltlettnc JDens. Amen.
'Tis Rauton on the Stone, juft as I have reprefented it. But
'tis probable a Mark fliould have been put over the Line by
the Ingraver as is cuftomary in old Stones as well as Manu-
firipts, of which I have fpoke more particularly in my Dif-
courfe upon the Bathe Infiription. II.
Johan tie Suttona rjf ttn0, qtiem Grille corona .
^.bbatljS gcCBt Wref. Wc wi wwitefcft. S. 22. Be-

e

1 18 An Account of fome Antiquities
Divers modem in- §.22. Befides the Monuments of an old Erection
firiptions in this Place-, I might add feveral in this church that are modern;
one of which to the _-ut tfre refl. be_ag to Perfons of no extraordinary
nnTZlyers™0 """ N°te> l maU °nl7 fend Y011 that Wnich is PUt UP
in the Wall (juft above the old Image in Alabafter
of the Knight, on the North Side of the Quire *) to the Me
mory of two eminent Lawyers that liv'd here, and are fre
quently talk'd of by the Inhabitants as Men not only of deep
Skill in their Profiejfion, but of great Probity and Integrity,
and of uncommon charity to the Poor :
Habes hie, quos quaris (cliens) patronos,
Non alitor pofi fata, quam olim in vivis
Facile adeundos.
Geminos etiam caufidicos, unus, nec multum loquax,
Tumulus componit ; geminos manes unumfiuftinet
Sepulchrum, utrafique jufiitia lances,
Quod fiacrum fit memories (fatorum legibus eximi prorjus
[dignijfimi )
Clariffimi viri, Edwardi Clarke, jureconjulti, Themidis
TemploLincolnien(i,jamfeptuagenarii,& ultra, (proh quanta
Sanctitatis argumento luxus & Utes fiaculi tamdiu viciffe \)
Aftr_e_e in cwlum abhinc recepti, Anno Dm. 1623°.
Quin ad defuncti patris increment a accedit filius,
Inter titulos genitoris numerandus,
Bis cinttus, toga & equitis cinitura,
Magifter canceuaria :
Hoc eft,
Patrimonium populi, fortuna miferorum,
Communis regni confiientia.
Nunc iterum filium intra gremium fuficipit,fovet, genitor,
Et pro fepulchro Jo bo It efi :
Infiribit pat rem filius auctioribus titu/is,
Et pro monument 0 patri efi.
Hie quoque fieptuagenarjus, ejufidem nominis, domus,
Tumulique hares, cineres fiuos pater nis
Manibus remifiuit, anno Jalutis 16 3 8°.
Ita fie totum, unde exiit, retribuit,
Et vet in morte docuit
Suum cuique reddere.
Hoc ojr dfotis difice (lector) feu reftituendi
Praceptum, feu fiolatium.
Quos mors f erepuit, reddidit inde fiuis.
Quo numero legum, jurifique anigmata norunt,
Quos lapis ifie tegit, candide lector babe.
* Of which fee Mr. Leland's /.»'». Vol, II. foi. 11, ft. eripuit. Concipe,

Between Windfor and Oxford. i if
Concipe, quando magis Ciceroni ficamna creparent,
Quando t& Athenarum rhetoricante fiene :
Marmora quo plaufiu3 fr act aque Mathone column a,
Romulidum $¦ Graium tot a theatra refer :
Invenies nullos melius dixiffi togatos ;
Proque his incipies, cum tocuere, loqui.
§.23. What Number of Churches were in this several churches for-
Place in it's, moft flourifhing State is uncertain ; m_' rl>_ i" DmheHer.
this we are fureof, that even alter the Conqueft bS's"/X
there were at leaft four a, (tho not mention d in
the ancient Valor Beneficiorum ; ) three of which flood on
the South and South-Weft Side ofthe Abbey Church. There
are evident Marks of the Foundations of one juft as we turn
up to the Bridge, in the Gardens of the Houfe where the
Clerk now lives. They frequently dig up Humane Benes in
thofe Gardens, and many of the Foundation Stones of the
Church Hand jutting out next to the High-Way in a narrow
Paffage, which hath been made fince the Church was de-
ftroy'd. And the laft time I went over to view the Anti
quities here I faw pUin Tokens where the Tower of the Church
had flood. Mr. Leland b obferves that the Bifhop's Palace
flood at the North- Weft End of the Town. This he re-
ceiv'd from Tradition, and 'tis the common Report of the
Inhabitants at this time, for confirmation of which there are
feen large Foundations of old Buildings, and 'tis in . this Part
of the Town that they keep Court.
§. 2+. As this had been a Town of very great 'Twas a flace of
Note in the Saxon Times, before it was miferably great Note in the
defaced by the Danes ; fo was it as confiderable in Times °f the Romans.
the Times of the Romans, as we gather c from the g_£ "
Gold, Silver and Brafis Coyns, which have been &£-
quendy found- This h.£th. been noted both by Mr. Leland
and Mr. Camden ; but neither of. them hath mention'd to
what Emperors any of thefe Coyns belong'd, Dr. Plot alfo
faw a good Number; hut he has not defcrib'd any of them,
only he informs d Us that, thefe as well as the other Roman
Coyns w'hich he had feen found in divers other places of this
Country, were moft of theri^ of the Emperors between Coc-
cejus Nerva and Theodofius II. exclufiveiy.

a See Mr. Inland's It in. Vol. II. foi. 1 r. b Loco cit. _ The very Name
alfo, fhe\vs(it. to have, been a Town of note among the Romans, we having
no T.n>,( to which Chefier, or Ceajler, as the Saxons writ it, is added but what
was^ certainly Roman,' as has been noted by Mr. Burton on .Antoninus, and
fince by' Dr. Gibfon in his excellent Edition of the Saxon Chronicle at the
End, in the Rules for Interpretation of Places, fub C A S T E R. d Nat.
Hifi. of Oxford/hire, ' ch. X.' §. 75. ' '
Vol. j R §.25-. Thefe

1JO
And fomtimes Urns
and Lachrymatories. A
Coyn of Crijpus and a-
nother of GaUienus.
GaUienus a diffolute ,
•vicious Prince,

An Account of fome Antiquities
§. x%. Thefe Coyns are generally found on the
South-Weft Part of the Town in a Field of a _V_r_vfe
Soy/, in which is likewife Variety of other Remains
ol Antiquity. Some of the Inhabitants lately ac
quainted me that not long ago were found in it
an Urn with two Lachrymatories and a SkuU and
fome other Bones of an Human Body ; but it feems the Per
fons that difcover'd them being altogether ignorant of the
ufe of fuch Remains of Antiquity, they took no manner of
Care to preferve them, but broke them to pieces before any
one of SkiU and Curiofity could have a View of them. The
Coyns which I have feen dug up at this Place are of different
kinds ; but 1 fhall take notice of only two at prefent, one of
Criffus and the other of GaUienus; of both which for your
better and fuller Satisfadion I have font you exact Draughts :

Tis true Occo and others make mention of thefe Coyns, (and
for that reafon it may be fome will think it needlefs to
trouble you with thefe Draughts of them ; ) but thefe Authors
have omitted feveral Particulars about them which curious
and accurate Men are defirous of knowing. GaUienus (how
ever flatter'd as a mild, virtuous Prince in the Infiription on
the Arc h which is printed in Donatus * ) was an Emperor of
a vicious, diffolute Life. He had the crabbed, fievere, fewer
Temper of his Father Valerian ( who rais'd the Eighth General
Perfiecution againft the chrifiians ) was a great Wafier of the
Public A Treafure, and was fo carelefs about the Welfare of his
Subjects, that divers Nations were ftirr'd up to RebeUion.
Being now invaded from all Quarters, he was oblig'd to
fiiilt as well as he could for himfelf; but he had exafperated

De urbe Roma, apud Grtvii Thef. Ant. Rom. Tom. IU. col. 70S.

all

Between Windfor and Oxford. 131
all forts of People to that Degree by his loofe kind of Life
that he could not now by any Perfiwafeons or Artifice gain
upon their Affections, but fell a Sacrifice to their Indignation
being flain the xv th. Year of his Reign An. Ch. cclxviii.
§.26. But notwithftanding GaUienus was fo ne
gligent, and fo much addided to Vice, yet when Yet fuaefsfai in
Inroads were made upon the Empire by fuch a 1°™ ^'IfTt
-./_.._. r _, , r ii-ii ' ¦ -r, tions. He celebrates
Multitude of Enemies. he was obliged to go in Per- the Decennaiia. At
fon againft them, and in fome ol his Expeditions which time Coyns and
he came of victorious, particularly in that againft Ued*<! were ftrock;
the Goths in die xth Year of his Reign, in which Und°»0™ °f the«»:
v _.i « 1 ¦ 1-1 r, i iR r r- man Mint-Towns, and
Year the Scythians laid waft a good Part of Afia, perhaps Dorchejler.
and burnt the Temple of Diana at Ephefius. Thefe
Tumults inflam'd the Emperor fo much that he caus'd a large
Body of Souldiers to be flain at Byzantium, and returning to
i?o/w<? the lame Year, as if he had been compleat Conqueror,
and had now a Refpit for carrying on his Debaucheries, he
order'd the Decennaiia to be celebrated with that Pomp and
Magnificence as had hardly been heard of before ; and 'tis
poffible that had not the Publick Enemy diverted him imme
diately, he would have commanded thefe Games to be in-
ferted in the Kalendar, as Augufius ( who was the firft that
inftituted them ) had done many Years before. 'Twas in
this Year that our Dorchejler Coyn was ftruck. The Inficription
of which on the Reverfie Apollini cons avg fhews
that the Emperor attributed the Succefs he had met with in a
good meafure to the Providential Care of ApoUo. 'Tis pro
bable that the Souldiers and Inhabitants of Dorchejler were
Partakers in the Joy that was conceiv'd in divers Places of
the Empire for the good Fortune of GaUienus, who was not
fo much deferted but that he had a good Number of Friends ;
at leaft 'twas not feafonable in times of the Emperor's Profi-
perity to fhew any Difrefped to him. And as Coyns and
Medals were ftruck at Rome upon this Occafion of publick
Rejoycing, fo they were likewife at other Places, as is evident
from the Letters or Figures at the Bottom of fome of the
Reverfies. An Inftance may be taken from the coyn before us.
The Figure at the Bottom feems to be the Remains of the
Letter L, and perhaps denotes that it was ftruck at London.
In the Notitia Imperii indeed London is not mention'd
amongft the fix Mint Towns, and there is none of them that
occurrs there that begins with L except Lugdunum, and fo L
in this Coyn will Hand for that City. But this is to beunder-
ftood only of the principal Mint Towns. For 'tis plain from
feveral Coyns on which L o n is vifible that Medals and Coyns
were ftruck at London, and if 'twas not one of the chief {as
R 2 'ns

132 An Account of fome Antiquities
'tis <_ probable it might, tho' not reckon'd as fuch When the
Notitia was firft made j yet 'twas at leaft plac'd amongft
thofe that were inferior and fubordinate to the reft. If L be not
the Letter on this Coyn, I do not know but it may he the
Remains of a D, and that it ftands for Dorchejler. This is
only Surmife. Yet 'twill deferve your Inquiry whether this
0ty might not be one of the leffer Mint-Towns, and be under
the Procurator Monet a at London, as he was under one of
the VI. principal Procuratores Moneta ofthe Empire ?
§. 27. What made GaUienus inferibe thefe Coyns
i I''' [nfaibiif coin's to4?oUp was chiefly his being preferv'd from a
to^pX. CTh™%ry% violent • Pefiitence -that happen'd in Rome and the
facred to Apollo, tiorr- Cities of Achaja * wliich cut of a great many thou-
<_.!... to be under- fandinaDay. GaUienus was not fingular in con-
Se-ttaXt' T rhe" -n- fecrating this Kind of Monuments to ApoUo. C- Vi-
gureTt'f tiie Gryffin in biusTrebonianus GaUus did thefame thing, as is ob-
.Aidrovandut fomewhit ferv'd by Pomponius Latus in his Life. And Apol-
different from, that on lini Invicto is frequent in ancient Stones. That
the Coyns of GaUienus. his Gratitude .might be the more confficuous, Gal-
lienus, order'd the Gryffin to be put upon his Coyns, 'which
tho' ,it be a fictitious Bird, yet 'twas believ'd to be real by
the Ancients, and 'tis mention'd as fuch by Mela, Solinus and
Apulejus. "Twas look'd upon as facred to ApoUo, and for
that reafon the Poets made his chariot to be drawn by Gryffins.
Since therefore the. Ancients took this Bird to be real, Occo
and others do not defcribe it righdy by calling, it monfirum
alatum; it being not look'd upon as monfirous by them any
more than odier Birds. The Seventy Tranflaters however
could not but know it to be fictitious, and therefore when
Wi-\ is made ufe of by them in Levit. XL 13. and Deut.XlV.
12. we ought to underftand no more by it than tfvmii-ns, as
is noted by Bochart. The Figure of this Bird as reprefented
in our Coyn ought to be nicely obferv'd by fuch as are curious,
being in fome things different from the feveral Figures that
are given of it by Aldrovandus.
§. 28. The other coyn which I mention'd is of
The character pf p! yuiius Criftws, the eldeft Son of Confiantine the
Lnfpus. His untimely __ J , '...-"¦ ¦ t-,, . _ . , J _, ,
Death. The v.'rmnaiia Great by Mtnervtna. This Prince was bom at Aries,
celebrated the fame and was made Cafar by his Father in the Year
Year he died. One of cccxvr. He was a very beautiful, couragious, mild,
the coyns upon that cf>ah c0„aa„t dnc_ Virtuous Prince. He was edu-
occalion explam d. ^^ ^ the ^^ RgUgio„ under the Infpedioil
of Lactantius, and was poflefs'd with all his Father's Virtues
without the leaft tindure of his Vices. Two Years after he

* See TrebeU. Tottio de vita Gallieni fenioris c. r. was

Between Windfor and Oxford. 1 3 3
was made Cajar he vanquifh'd the Francks and Alamanns in
the Depth of Winter : and two Years 'after that he beat at
Sea Amandus the Admiral of Liciuius, having the Year im
mediately preceding fought alfo with much Reputation a-
gainlt Licinius and his Party. At laft this Good Prince being
often follicited to Wtckednefs by his Mother-in-Law Faufta,
and refilling to fatisfy her Luft, flie thereupon turn'd her
Love into Hatred, and accus'd him to Confiantine, pretending
that he attempted to force and debauch her. The Emperor
( being perhaps afraid that this good Prince, who had obtain'd
fo many confiderable Victories, and was honoured by all Men,
would prove too great for him ) liften'd to the Words and
Suggefiions of this lafiivious, wicked Woman, and condemn'd
him to dye without permitting him to fpeak in his own
Jufiification. Accordingly he was put to Death by Poyfen
at Pola a City of Iferia. But tliis rafh and unjufe Proceeding
created fo much trouble to the Emperor afterwards, that his
Confidence became very rdftlefe and unquiet^ and he com
manded his Wife Faufta to be flifled in a Bath that was over
heated, and by way ol Attornment ereded a Statue of Silver
with an Head of Gold to the Memory of Criffus with this
Infeription (betokening his Injuftice) haikhmenh, and
made divers exceUent Decrees in Favour of the chrifiians;
The fame Year he waspoyfon'd, it being the tenth Year af
ter he was created Cafiar, the Vicennalia were celebrated,
and Vows were made for his Profferity. Coyns and Medals
were, according to Cuftom, ftruck upon that Occafion, of
which this that was found at Dorchejler is one. The Vows
were made in a Temple, and thence 'tis that we have _t
Temple (not cippus, as Occo calls it J on the Reverfie with
votis xx — p lon fliews that 'twas ftruck at London,
and we may thence gather that thefe Vicennalia were cele
brated in moft, if not all, Parts of the Empire. The Figure
ofthe Sun, with the three Starrs over, fhews that Crifjus
attributed all his Succefs to Providence, and the War being
now concluded by him, a bleffed Peace ( beat a * tranquilitas,
fo the Coyn is to be read and correded ) enfued, which
caus'd univerjal Joy ; but this Joy foon vanifli'd upon News
of the Murder of Cri/fus.

* 'Tis at large Beata Tran qjt i l i t a s in another Coyn of
Crilpus that I have feen dug up in the Clofe on the South-Weft Part of Dor
chejler. Which perhaps therefore came from another Mint, or elfe the
Curators and Overfeers of the Mint at Dorchejler took care that the Errors
that were occafion'd by fome V ' nder-workmen fhould be re&ify'd.

§.29. From

134 An Account of fome Antiquities
My Friend dilap- §. 2g. From Dorchejler you did not go diredly
SS? "ofh,me«tg r° Oford,but pais'd to Abbington where you ob-
with fome curiousMSS. ferv d nothing more than what has been already
Papers at abbington. taken notice of in printed Authors. You exfpeded
An Hifloricai Fragment to have met with fome Manuftript Papers relating
fough.n,beStweenB^ to this place ' but ic feems the Gentleman who had
bmgton and oxford. " mem formerly in his Cufiody has parted with them,
and he inform'dyou that fome of them are loftf
for which I am fomething concern'd, becaufe I am very fen-
fible that in this Abbey were divers Hifloricai Manufiripts ,
which contain'd a great many Particulars not taken notice
of by thofe who have written ex profeffo of the Englifh
Hiftory. But what I am concern'd for at prefent is, that I
am inclin'd to think that a certain Paffage which I met with
in a Manuftript ( that I have lately printed * ) in the Bod-
lejan Library, containing fome CoUections of Mr. Leland,might
be illuftrated from fuch Papers. He there tells us f, either from
fome Saxon Chronicle, or from Roufie's Hifloricai CoUections,
orelfe from fome other valuable Book, {fox the Note being
put in the Margin I cannot be pofitive from whom, tho'
perhaps it was from the Chronicle of Ofiney quoted juft be
fore) that in the Year dcccxxi. was fought a great Battle
between Egbert, King of the Wefi-Saxons, and Ceolwulph,
King ol the Mercians, in a Place between Abbington and Ox-
ford, called Cherre nbul, in which Ceolwulph was overthrown.
A°- D'. 821. fuit grave beUum inter Egbertum regem Weft-
Saxonum <& Ceolwulphum regem Merciorum inter Abingdon
<& Oxford in loco qui Chennenhul dicttur, victore Egberto.
This Fragment of our Englijh Hiftory is very confiderable,
there being not one publilh'd Author, that 1 remember, that
mentions any Battle to have happen'd at this time between
Abbington and Oxford. Nor is there any other Memorial
that I can learn of any Place being call'd cherrenhul, except
ChilfweU-Farm at the Weft End of a great Field (commonly
call'd Hinckfiey-Field) on the North-Side of Foxcomb-HiU;
which from fome Remains of Military Works thereabouts,
and from the Likenefs of the Name, I take to be the Place
noted in the Fragment, which perhaps ought to be correded
Cheffenhull, the Saxon n and r being oftentimes hard to be
diftinguifh'd in Manufiripts. At this Place, which was form
erly Fart of Bazjey Wood, was once a fmall Abbey, as I
learn from Mr. Leland \, that was built by one of the Nobles
* At the End of the IVth. Vol. of Leland's Itm. f Foi. z8. if. In one
Part of his Ittn-rary tranfcrib'd by Mr. Stowe, and communicated to me by
my inien'wm, tho' wibno-am. Friend Mr. Davies of Lhannerch, lately Gen-
A-n.ii-Commaitcr of Er.1 ..."-{^i/i-Coll. Oxon. of

Between Windfor and Oxford. 1 3 5;
of Ciffa King of the South-Saxons, but afterwards tranflated
to Seukejham, which from thence was call'd Abbington. The
Saxon Chronide a has nothing more under this Year, than
that ceolwulph was depriv'dof his Kingdom. An. dcccx.xi.
Hep peap=5 Ceolpulp hir picer bercipefj , or b:rccpet>.
And other Authors fay, that he was not only depriv'd but
murther'd this Year by Bemulph his Succeffor, who ufurped
the Kingdom. But then they tell us no other Circumftances ;
whereas if this Fragment be genuine, ( as 1 fee no reafon to
queftion it) we have a plain Proof that Ceolwulph was brought
to great Extremity by lofs of this Battle with Egbert ; fo that
his ambitious Adverfary Bernulph might eafily take an oppor
tunity to dethrone and deftroy him, in which I do not doubt
but he receiv'd no JmaU Ajfiftance from Ceolwulph's own
Subjects, many of which were willing enough to liften to
one who made folemn Proteftation that he would defend
them againft King Egbert's Forces, which accordingly he did
for fome time j but Egbert at laft quite vanquifh'd him at
Fllendun h, ( fuppos'd to be Wilton in Hampjhire ) by which
the Eafl-Angles, his inveterate Enemies, had an opportunity
given them of murdering him.
§. 30. When you are confidering this Paffage, And another relating
'twill be worth your while alfo to eaft your Eye ^vi^the^md' "f
upon another Fragment of our Hifiory, in the Page £,W./ « 'llford.
immediately following, concerning Robert Poleyn's This latter Fragment
? romoting the Study of Divinity at Oxford in the correfted, and an Ex-
ear mcxxxiii, which, it feems, had for fome Years %f™£e '^^hlTof
been almoft quite negleded. Other Hiftorians l°™t tCr),i^t"'
have mention'd this Decay, and Leland himfelf has
infilled more particularly upon the Service he did the Uni
verfity of Oxford in the Account he hath given us of the Life
of this great Man in the IVth. Volume ol his coUettanea
which treats de Scriptoribus Britannicis. From thence and
from Mr. Wood's Antiquities of Oxford c 'twill be plain that
for ftudium facrum literarum we ought to read in this Paffage
ftudium facrarum literarum. This unhappy and fiandalous
Negled ol the Study of Divinity is exprefs'd in this Fragment
by the Word abfiolverant, which feveral of your Friends
think ( and they are very pofitive in the Matter ) fhould be
¦correded obfeluerant. Abfolverant ( fay they ) is certainly
an Error of the Scribe, and fhould any one be fo abfiurd as to
foUow the Manufcript when, there is a palpable and grofs Mifi-
take ? The fenfie requires obfoluerant ; Jo it Jhould have been
¦ a Edit. Gibfon p. 70. b See Saxon. Chron. lub an. dcccxxui. and Dr.
Gibfon's Interpretation of Names at the End. c Sub an. mcxxmv. printed,

136 An. Account of fame. Antiquities
printed, and we doiibt not but 'twas fo written iu the Original
Manuftript. What thefe Gentlemen advance is very plaufibte,
and lam fenfible that obfioluer ant is the word made ufe of
in another Fragment upon the fame occafion in Mr. Wood's
Antiquities. But in Defence of- the Expreffion I have pu
blilh'd I muft obferve to them (firft) that 'tis exactly writ
ten (as I have printed it) abfiolverant, with an a and a v
Confonant in our Bodlejan Manuftript. ( Secondly ) that abfi-
oleo, or abfiolefeo, is a Compound of abs * and oleo, or olefico.
(Thirdly) that oleo and olejco make either otui or olevi in the
Prater-perfect. (Fourthly) that confequently the Compound
abfioleo and abjblefio make either abjblui or abjolevi. (Fifthly)
that notwithstanding in very old Manuscripts we have both
the u Vowel and the v Confonant made thus \}, yet the
moft ancient Writers did not diftinguifh the Form of the u
Vowel and v Confonant, but made them both thus V f.
That therefore (fixthly) abfiolverant (as I have printed it) is
the moft ancient and-authentick way of writing this Word, and
was probably fo written in the Manuftript made ufe of by
Mr. Leland. I forefee nothing that can be reply'd to this,
unlefs' it be that perhaps they will fay that abjblverant with
a v Confonant is a wrong way of writing it, becaufe we do
not by that diftinguifh abfiolverant that comes from abfioleo
or abjblefio from abfiolverant that comes from abfelvo. But
I am not concern'd about the modern Difiinction. 'Tis e-
nough if I obferve to them that the Ancients did diftinguifh
the one from the other by Pronunciation. Abfiolverant from
abfioleo or abjblefio they pronounc'd as if it had been written
with a u Vowel, and abfiolverant from abfelvo, as if it had
been written with a v Confonant, or the JEotick Digamma
F t- If this be not fotisfaitory, I fliall beg leave to ask them
how they think they diftinguifh'd fiolvi that comes from fioleo,
( which makes either fiolvi, [i. e.felui, for I noted before that
the mofe ancient Writers did not diftinguifh the Form ofthe u
Vowel and v Confonant,] or felitus fiim in the Prater-perfect;)
from fiolvi that comes from folvo ? When they have anfwer'd
this Quefiion, 'tis probable they will themfelves clear fuch
Difficulties that are or fliall be made with reference to the Word
that occurrs in our exceUent Fragment.
AnoURor-.tn inlcri- §• 3r- As vou were Paffing between Abbington
pnon (ound at the and Oxford, and inquiring of fome Perfons of Cu-
Knd of ,ui ancient Edi- riofity concerning the Antiquities of feveral Places
non of Saiiujf. _n tne Cotintryw) as we__ as concerning the State of
Learning in the Univerfity, you was inform'd by one of them
' See I'oJJius de ^inalogia lib. III. c. n. j- So in the Pifan and other
,->U Miir./.,-. 41 See . -Irnoldns Rumannus s Roma Attica, pag. 8. that ¦

Between Windfor and Oxford. 127
that I had lately found an old Roman Injcription written at
the End of a printed SaUuft in the Bodlejan Library. The
Gentleman that gave you the Information being a Perfon of
SkiU and Learning happen'd to have a Copy which I had com
municated to him. It feems you was extremely well pleas'd
with this Fragment of Antiquity ( as you are with all things
of that nature) and as foon as you lighted at Oxford you did
not forget to difcourfe with me upon that Subject, and to in-
joyn me to fend you art exact Copy of it. The other Task
that you impos'd upon me is greater than is confiftent with
my other Bufinefis ( to which you are no Stranger ) and could
not but be look'd upon by you as a goOd reafon why I
fhOUld deny you this Favour : but there being not much
time requir'd for difpatching this Affair, and being withal
very much concern'd for promoting and advancing the
Worthy' Defigns yOu have form'd for the Benefit of the Pub-
Ttck, I have endeavour d to gratify your Requefi, by fending to
y6u the following Copy', which I have taken with all due siccu-
tacy, and have diftinguifh'd what is contain'd in each Line
by Figures.

1 HOSPES £ D6ICO PAVLVM 6ST ASTA
AC P6LLIGE
2 me cst sspvlcrvm . hav pvlcrvm
PVLCRAI FEMINAI
3 NOMEN PARENT6S NOMINARVNT
CLAVDIAM
4. SVOM M'ARGITVM CORDG DILGXIT SOVO
f GNATOS DVOS CREAVIT: HORVC
ALTERVNC
6 INT6RRA LIN&T: ALIVM SVBT6RRA
LOCAT
n SERM0N6 L6PIDO: TVM GTIAM IN-
cessv COMODO
8 DOMVM SGRVAVIT
p LANAM FGCIT
10 DIXI AB6I.
Vol. 5. S §.32. The

138 An Account of fome Antiquities
This infcriptiott more §• ?*• The .fc.%?, from which I have tranfcrib'd
corre-Hy printed by this Injcription, which is to the Honour of Clau-
us than by Gruter, &.c. clia, a beautiful, ingenious, modeffl and difcreet Lady,
"Tis £.»»«.. is a QQpy of t_-e E,j_t_on that was printed jn £•<,/,„
at Venice by Baptifta de Tortis in the Year ciocccclxxxi.
I think from thefe Words, Pardus Urfinus feripfit, on the
Infide of one of the Covers, that 'twas tranfcrib'cfby Fulvius
Urfinus, and that he took it exactly from the Stone then pre-
ferv'd at Rome, tho' fince loft. 'Tis exftant likewife in Sme-
tius and Gruter, as alfo in Ferrer ius's Mufia Lapidaria; and
Angelus Roccha a Camerino in his Bibliotheca Vaticana makes
ufe of it when he is fpeaking ofthe old Orthography. All of
them look'd upon it as genuine. Nor do I fee any reafon
as yet to think otherwife, tho' I know that it has been
queftion'd by fome very learned Men, particularly by my
late exceUent Friend Dr. Thomas Smith (to whom I
had fent it ) in the laft Letter I receiv'd from him ( be
ing dated at London April the firft, 17 10. about fix
Weeks * before he died;) in which however he offer'd
no reafon for his Sufficion, being at that time incapable of
writing down his Thoughts upon Account of his ill State of
Health. Urfinus' s Copy (for fo I will call it) is much more
corred than that of the other learned Antiquaries before
quoted, he having obferv'd the Form of the Abbreviations
and Letters, which are in fome refpeds different from what
I have noted of them in other Monuments of the like nature,
and perhaps that might give occafion to fome of fufpeding it's
Genuinefis; but the Expreffions and character are modeft, and
every way anfwer the Style and Decorum of the Ancients ;
and the Manner of writing is conform to the oldeft Method
of the Romans, and 1 believe we may as well bring into
queftion the Columna Rofirata, the Monument to Scipio Bar-
bat us, that of the Bacchanalian Laws, and fome others (that
are confefs'd and allow'd to be authentick) as well as this,
which was a plain Monument , hau pulcrum, as 'tis here
worded, for haud, or haut, pulcrum : where we fee the d or
t is omitted, and it fliews in fome meafure that Gerard
Voffius was miftaken when he deny'd that this Word came
from the Phoenician au. I fliall not trouble you with the
Variations of Urfinus's Copy from the others, but will leave
that to your own Induftry and Objervation. I will only re
mark to you (firft) that die Latin Letter E is made thus (6)
in fome other Monuments which I have feen, particularly in
* See my Preface to .Antoninus' s Itin. through Britain, printed with Dr.
Rob. Talbot's Notes at the End of the Hid. Vol. of Leland's Itinerary. a Brafis

Between Windfor and Oxford. 1 39
a Brafs Coyn * of Tetricus the Elder found lately with a great
Numberof other Coyns (aliindos'd in two Eart hern Pots )
at Coningsborough about three Miles Weft from Doncafier in
Torkjhire, fome of which have been prefented to me by the
Reverend and Learned Mr.M a r m a duke Fothergill
qf Pontefract in that County. (Secondly) that peUige in the
firft Line is for peUege (as Ferrerius has it} or per lege. (Thirdly)
that A I for A E occurs in Abundance of old Fragments and
Remains, and particularly in a Brafs but ficarce Coyn of the
larger Size to the Memory of Agrippina, Mother to Nero,
which I have feen in the Hands of a very worthy Friend, and
if genuine (for 1 very much fufped it J is of equal Value with
it's Scarcenefs. 'Tis a Colony Piece, and I remember (for I
had only a flight View ) that there are thefe Words upon it:
Memoriai Agrippinai, which way of writing Agrip
pina is likewife us'd in an exceUent Monument in Gruter f .
And that (fourthly) between the Letters R and V of the
Word horvc in the fifth Line was firft of all written N
over head, as if it fhould be read horvnc, but that after
wards it was ftruck out by the fame Hand.
§.33. What I have drawn up at your Requeft is Thefe Remarks only>
nothing but a Specimen of a great Variety of Re- a Specimen of what
marks and Obfiervations that might be made through ™'Sht be.^°™ f°rvthis
all the Counties of this Notion by Perfons of better ^w. LlurZZZt
Abilities and more Leifure. A Man of a true Ge
nius for Antiquities, that hath an opportunity of Travelling
and Colleding, and is afterwards able to judge of his Col
lections, will make fuch Dificoveries as will be either whoUy
new, or at leaft will iUuftrate and clear divers intricate and
obfeure Paffages in our old Hifiorians. But we muft not ex-
fped to fee this done to purpofe 'till it be promoted and ad-
vanc'd by Men of large Efiates,and by thofe that have got the
rich and great Preferments in their Hands. Whenever that
happens we fliall have good reafon to look for accur at eDr oughts
and exceUent Accounts of that noble CoUection of ancient Marble
Statues preferv'd in the Gardens of Sir WiUiam Farmer, now
Lord Lempfier, at Efion in Northampton-Jhire, (which his
Lordfhip happily bought ofthe Dutchefs Dowager of Norfolk,
fhe that was before Mrs. Bickerton) and of other venerable
Monuments of Antiquity difpers'd up and down this Kingdom.
This is an Undertakingthat has been a long time defir'd, and

* The Infcription is LA6TITIA AVGN, not A V G G as 'tis in Oceo.
'Twas ftruck in the Year cclxxiv. at which time Tetricus and his Son
fubmitted themfelves to ^urelian. f F. ccxxxyi. u, o.
S 2 when

14° An Account of feme Antiquities &c.
whenft.is attempted, carry'd on, and cpnfummated, it can
not fail of meeting with due Approbation from all fuch as
have any Love for Learning or Antiquity. I am fure 'twill
be very acceptable to your fell, as 'twill alfo to,
Sir,
Your moft hntnble.Servant,

Bodleian Lihrary
Aug. 10. mdccxi.

Tho. Hearne.

APPENDIX. NUM. I. See pag. 106.
Out of Mr. Dodfwortk's MSS. Coll. Vol. cxxx. f. 58. a
Commttnia de anno 18. E. II. termino 'PafcbaJ.
SiitleX Ro. 0. ex parte Auftrali.
Robertus de Sbotesbrooke^^
tempore Hen. 3. j
Joannnes=^ I
Guilielmiis^iRoeJia filia
Vizdelon. & heres.
Beri... ManT "\ Jt AiT". de Shotesbroke tenetur de Domino Rege in ca
de Shotef. j\/j_ pite per fervitium inveniendi carbonem ad fabrican-
lr°T ra ^atn coronam Dni- &eg's. & fuum Regale, percipiendo (So*.
roden. per annum prO pnedido carbone inveniendo. De
quibus Reginaldus de Pavetay perquifivit didum Man 7 Quod
Man"? tenetur per feriantiam, per fervitium inveniendi car
bonem ad aurifabricam Dni. Regis, * & ficut & ficut ad co
ronam fuam & Regale fuum, & percipiendo 60'. iod. per
annum pro pra_dido carbone inveniend. fo. 16.
NUM. 11. See Pag. 106.
Out of Mr. Dodfworth's MSS. Coll. Vol. lxiv. f. 34. a.
Efiaet.tf. H. 3. num. if.
r,r,. rr. Hsec eft Inquificio fada per facramentum NigeUi Stodard
' Si... &c.

Appendix. 141
&c. quantum terrae Robertus de Scotesbroc tenuit de Domino Robertus de
Rege in capite, & quantum de. aliis &c Qui dicunt per fa- Scotesbnk.
cramentum fuum quod didus Robertus tenuit die quo obiit
de Domino Rege in capite unam carucat. teme & dimid. in
Scotebroc per fervicium militare, & reddendo hide per an
num ad wardam caftri Wmdejbre xxs. & debet fervicium Do
mino Regi in exercitu fuo per quadraginta dies ad cuftum
fuum proprium. Et tenuit duas acras terrae de Johanne de
Benetfeld pro fex denariis per annum, & quatuor acras prati
de WiUelmo de la Tarfione pro vid. per annum. Et dicunt
quod Johannes filius ejufdem Roberti eft ejus heres propin-
quior a_tatis trium annorum &c. In cujus rei teftimonium.
NUM. 111. See pag. 106.
Ibid. Foi. 40. b.
Eficaet. anno incerto H. 3. num. 103. Berk IT.
Robertus de Sotesbroc tenuit in capite de Domino Rege in
Sotesbroc in comitatu Berk, duas carucatas terrae cum ferviciis
liberorum hominum & villenag", pratis, bofcis, & aliis liber-
tatibus ad didam terram pertinentibus valoris per annum
xvrul. faciend\ eidem Domino Regi fervicium unius militis,
& cuftodiae caftri de Wyndelfioure per annum xxs. Et eft Ro
bertus filius fuus proximus ejus heres, & eft hac die Purifica-
cionis beatse Maria anno regni Regis Henrici xxxi0. de setate
xvr. annorum. JuratoF Ada de NigeU &c.
NUM. IV. S-e pag 114.
The Injcription under the Bttfe of Dr. Wallis that is fix'd to
a PiUar on the North-Eaft Side ofthe Pulpit of St. Mary's
Church Oxon.
JOHANNES WALLIS, S. T. D,
Geometriae Profeflbr Sayilianus,
&c
Cuftos Archivorum Oxon.
Hie dormit.
Opera reliquit immortalia.
Ob. Oct. 28. A. D. 1703. JEt. 87.
Filius & Heres ejus
Johannes Wallis
De Soundefs in Com. Oxon.
Armiger P. NUM.

Hz Appendix.
NUM. V. See pag. 118.
Claufi. 14. E. I. m. 5. De quadam Inquifitione capta de bunda
parochia de Braye, & decimisejr oblacionibus, &c
Inquifitio capta coram R. Fulcon. aflignato apud Elyngton
juxta Braye die Veneris in fefto Sandas Margareta Virginis,
anno regni regis Edwardi terciodecimo, per facramentum
Bartholomei de Erie, Roberti de HuUe, Robert! de Wautham,
Gilberti Maddok, Johannis de Henefend, Godefridi de Hene-
fend, Johannis de SunnyngeJhuU, Rogeri le Cras, Rogeri del
Wich, Rogeri Beneyt, Robert de la Chaumbre, & Edmundi de
Littlefend, ad hoc * juratos, & de confenfu parcium eledos.
Qui dicunt fuper facramentum fuum, quod parochia de Braye
inripit apud Bodeleffole, & fie fe extendit ufque ad domum
Walteri de la Howe, qui eft de parochia de Wyndefi & a
domo ejufdem Walteri, ufque ad Elyfir. quae eft bunda ver-
fiis auftrum, & ab illo loco ufque Hethtrewe, quas eft bunda
verfus occidentem ; & fie ufque ad quendam locum in quo
ftetit f quoddam quercus qua_ fait bunda juxta Bradenbrugg ;
& fie ab illo loco ufque Crukesfend, quae vocabatur Vacherye
Regum Anglia, & nefciunt fi fit de parochia praedida, vd
non, fet femper de antiqua cultura folverunt ecclefiae de Braye
decimas, de nova cultura folverunt decimas fua? de aliqua
parte ad eandem ecclefiam, & de alia parte folverunt deci
mas aliquo tempore ecclefise Sarr. de novo ; & de quadam
parte Dominus Rex fequeftravit decimas. Praeterea dicunt,
2uod de Crukesfend extendit parochia pr_edicta ufque la Fayr-
ok, quae eft bunda parochise praedida.; & de la Fayrhok
ufque Wolvelye, qu_e eft de parochia de Wautham Abbatis ;
& fie de Wolvelye ufque ad Maydenhith. Et quaefiti fi Ab-
bates Cyrencefir. qui pro tempore fuerunt, ceperunt aliquas
decimas extra bundas praedidas, dicunt, quod non, nifi tan-
tummodo ficut fupradidum eft. Et quia nondum fait plene
declaratum, utrum Cruchefend effex. bunda parochiae de Braye,
nec ne ; didum fuit eifdern Juratoribus, quod fe plenius
inde cerciorarent. Ita quod ad certum diem eis pr_efigendum
ipfum Robertum cerciorarent, ita quod omnes Juratores ve-
nerint coram eodem Roberto apud Cruchefend die Lunx
proxima poft feftum exaltationis Sandx Crucis, praeter Ro
bertum de Wautham qui morruus eft, & Robertum Beneyt qui
infirmabatur ; ita quod partes in didum eorum confenfe-
runt. Et dicunt fuper facramentum fuum, quod Cruchefend
fuit quondam vaccaria Domini Regis, & eft in le Fryth ; &
* L. juratorum. ;_r tnox eleiiorum. f F. quondam, vel quadam. quod

Appendix.
quod homines de Cruchefend fecerunt ecclefiae de Braye, &
adhuc faciunt, exceptis duabus culturis, omnes decimas &
oblaciones inde provenientes , fet intelligunt fi Cruchefend
nunc primo redigeretur in culturam quod ecclefia de Braye
nihil inde caperet. Quaefiti qua ration*, dicunt, quod Cruche
fend eft in le Frith, & le Frith nichil pertinet ad Braye ;
dicunt etiam, quod per ducentos annos & amplius perce-
perunt redores ecclefiae de Braye oblaciones, & omnimodas
decimas inde provenientes. Praeterea dicunt, quod omnes
terrae contentae in cedula praefentibus interclufa redad_e fue
runt in culturam citra quadraginta annos nunc proximo
elapfos. Et memorandum, quod ifta Inquificio quam cito irrotu-
lata fait, liberata fait per manum J. de Langeton die Mortis
in vigilia Apoftolorum Philippi & Jacobi, Anno &c. 14. Ma-
giftro H. de Brauncefion tunc Decano Sarr. & Henr. de Eff*
Canonico ejufdem ecclefiae cum brevi originali.

HI

INDEX
To the Fifth VOLUME
o _»
Mr. LEL^NDs Itinerary.

iJO" The Figures refer to the Numbers of the Original,
plac'din the Margin.

A

A 8" Ayron
¦*"*• Aberdeuy

'.

78

Aber Gegyne

49

Abergeveney

6,12.

Aberguili

23

Aber Ogweine

49

Aber Pouih

4-9

Aber Uftwith

78

Abon

iS

Abredaron

49

Abreguile

7+

Abremarlais

73

Abremeney

49

Aclam

<"

Acornbyri

10

Aderton

«3

Adinggreves
^Egglesfild_4_gIefton

98

94

"S

iEthelftanus Rex

99

Agathes (St.) Abbay

"J

Agecroft Aibertbyri

«3

£0

Albrighton

30

Albruch

I la.

Aldredus Archiep. Ebor.

99 ¦

Alen R. 3?, 36,7s, 78
Aleth S7> J8» S9> 6z
Alney. See Olney.
Anderton 83
Andertonford if;
Angle 28
Ardudwy 4.1
Arforde 1 i
Arkengarth Dale 116
Arow R. 3)'°
! Artures Hille 68, 72
| Arundov alius 39
I Afcheton 8/
lAubre 7'
I Aunder-

144

Index to the Fifth Volume

Aiindferft-'.ie

84

Avon Abet

49

Avoh Ederne, Jive

Gi-

rath
iiyrori

49 '3

B

Bale

44

Bangor , . ,3

'47

Barham (Harnfelinus de)

12

Barnefdale

91

Barningam

"r

Bawtrp 32

>97

Bedal

1 if

Bedford

9«

Bek (Antdrlyde)1
Bellar1

roS

03..

Beffdrd-

9»

Bethkellarth

47

Bisfhops Dale 114,

116

Bisfhops Thorpe

91

Bifhoppes Toune

i»3>

10, 72

Blain LLeueni

69

Blake Montayne

«7

Blaken Hedde

J4

Blakmer

81

Blith ,02

.97

Bolton

114

Bolyn R.

82

Boroues

30

Borow Hilles

95

Borow Village

93

Borow (Ld.)

102

Boteler

84

Bouth

82

Bowis

114

Bowmer

nj

Bradefeld

94

Bradwardine Caftel

10

Brairiton

66

Brane R.

73

Breknoc 67, 68, 72

.73

Breerle

91

Breknocfhire

67

Brennik

7°

Brereton

82

..ridges

64-

Brigham

103

Brignel Parke

"J

Briftow

64

Brithunus Abbas Beverl.

99

Brok Water
84
Bromefeld 34
'3S
Broughton
34
BroynUes Caftel 69
72
Buelth
70
Bukingham
EuleyBumberiBurton
Burton Laz.ar
ButvilleByklemByrket
Byth Bytham C
Cadnant
978i
91 93
94 81
SS SJ
8/
49
Cadweli. See Kidwely.
Cairarvon 47
Cairarvonihire,Hundreds or Cdmrrfotes in it 41
Mirket Townes and
Houfes of Religion
there 4V. The Pro-
duels of it' 48. Limits
and Caftelles there ib
Cairboias Caftel 28
Cairdigan 12, 13, 78
Cairdiganfhire. The na
ture of the Paftures
there 78
Cairguent <r
Cair Lion 6
Cairmardine 12, 22, 23,
14, 74
Cairmardinefhire. Mar-
k.ttes arid Caftelles in
it 22. Abbais, Priories
and Rivers in it 23
Cair Sailog, Cairfaint or
Segent 41
Cairusfte 6
Calder 84
Caldey Ifland 12
Calecoyth j-
Calveley 8 1
Camden 2
Canterdewy 28
Cantolupo (Thomas de)<;
Carew 74
Carnolton 2c
Cartemaile 8r
Caftel 106
Caftel Cough or Gough
80J
Caftell Yollo t6
Catfeld 8j
Cathweli. See Kidwely.
Caurfland 2
Cawdewelle 114
Cawood 9 1
Chaworth o 3
Cheltnam 2
Chepftow
S, Ii
Chefter Barre
st-
Chipchace
102
Chiping Norton
2
Chirk 3^
.3^37
Chirklande
3^>36
Cholmeley
81
Chorle CrofTeton
S3
Chorleton
31
' (.hurtle R.
64
Charneceftre. S
•e Cire-
ceftre.
Ciceftre,
2
Cireceftre, or Chtrrnece-
ftre 6s
Clardue
76
Clare Caftel
22
Clarence
100
Clarwen
7«
Claufon
93
Clereho
7Z
Cleres (S.)
12
Clothmoyne
So
Cluedog R.
62
Cluid R.
62
Cluideford
3
Clun
3
Clunnok Vaur
'3.49
Cogarth
S°
Cokerfand
84
Colecefter
roi
Colinwoodde
102
Comehere
13
Comeuftwith
79
Commods. A Lift of
feveral Welch
Com-
mdds r6, 17,
8
Comote Mayne
Hun-
drede 41
Comothuder
7°
Congleton
82
Coniers 1 1
4. "r
Conwey 13, 47,
48,49
Conyhed
8y
Corbet
30,81
Corbridg
101
Corne Brooke
82
Cotmore
48
Cotton
31
Cover R.
"r
Coverdale
n6
Coverham
ny
Co we R.
*3
Cowen
74
Crabho
J4
Crage Caftel
91
Crag John
76
Cragnaullinn
7«
Credine
Of Mr. Leland's Itinerary.

ill

Credine

So

Cregeeryri

47

Cregehouel

69

Crethin

4'
Crikith
48
JO
Croixofwalde. See
Of-
weftre.
Croxton
93
Cumbremere
82
Cunniers
ir+
D
Darwent R.
«3
DaveUe 102. 103,
106
David-Land (S.)
5-9
De R.
3T
.3«
Denbigh 57,5-8, 5-9,60,61
Denbighe-Land
S7
Denwale
54
Deorhurft
2
Dertwiche
82
Dewys Land, alios Pebi
diauc 28
Deyrnion Commote
4+
Diffrin Tewe
23
Dinas Brane
3r
» 5 3
Dinas Caftel
6S
. 71
-Dinas Emeris
48
Dinduy
77
Dineuer Caftel
22
Difarte. See Thifarte.
Dodde
3°
Dogmael (S.) -
12
Dolebaterne
48
Dolewythelan
48
Dolgethle
43
Dour
10
Downe
81
Dryflan Caftel
74
Dryflin
22
Duddi-n
8j
Dueglevi
28
Duegaelth
49
Duggels R.
83
Dulefl'e 57
,_¦«
.7*
Dunokes Welle 1
s.)
62
Dunwen (S.)
13
Dymok
34
Dynllayen E
Edgarus rex
41
2
Edward the 4th.
61
Edwards
37
Egluis Epiftil
Elenor (Queen)
49
99
Elferus
2
Eliotte
28
Ellerton.
"J
Vol. f.
Ellefmere 38
Ellys ap Richard 34
Elmelin. See New Caftel.
Elys uab Moriche 48
Englifeh Maylor 3 3
Enifenthle 47
Erchenfeld. See Herchin-
feld.
Eskenninge 25
Ethelbrighc (S.) 9
Eueri 73
Eyton 3J. 98
F
Fairford 2
Faringcon 83
Fame 106
Fernhil. See Fernlege.
Fernlege, or Fernhil 9
Ferres (Lord) 28
Feverlege 1 o
Fifcharde 29
Fitton 102
Fitihugh 114,115-
Fleming 61
Florein (S.) 75
Folcardus Monachus 99
Fontaines Abbay 1 15
Fofs way 65
Frank 114
Fromey ,
FulbrightusFurnis Abbay 85
Furnivalle 92
G
Gaflogeon 41
Garan fl. 9
Garftane 84
Garthkiny 74
Gafcoyne 103,114
Gateacre 31
Gavefton 103
Gervalx Abbay n ;
Giraldus Cambrenfis 67,
7°
Girath. See Avon Ederne
Girt 93
Glafcoit 56
Glafcumbe 3
Glinboch 69
Glindour (Owen) 3,13.
3 J. 69. 71 _.
Gloceftre 2, 64, 100
Gloceftrefliire. Market
Townes, Caftelles and
Ryvers in ir, 64
Glyndour (Owen) The
Names of fome of his
T
Anceftor. 44
Gogurne 75-
Goker, or Koker,R. 84
Goldclif 6
Gough 48
Grace of De .7 1 2
Gray 47, 1 02
Grenehaugh 84
Grenton 113, iij
Gresforde 34
Grefmonc Caftel 9
Grefl'e Holme 27
Gretey R. ny
Griffith 37,41,44,48,50
Grifith ap Robert 48
Grofevenour 30
Guaine 36
Gualwin 2 S
Guenwynmyrtheth 49
Gueyn fl. 29
Guily R. 7J-
Guiruay 49
Guitherik 73
Guithin 1 3
Guithumbre 3 5
Gulielmus Baftard 99
Gulielmus, five Ketellus,
clericus S. Joannis Be-
verlac. 99
Guorcheren 49
H
Haghmon 80
Halamfhire 94
Haleden 94
Hanmere 33, 34, 35
Harford 28
Harlanche 42
Hafilrig 102.
Haftinges S9
Haverford 28
Haughton 3 1
Haulfton. See Howton.
The Hay 72
Hayles Abbaye z
Ilegannow 48
Hegannoye Caftel fo
Hene Dinas 40
Hene Wy 70
Henri VI. 74
Henri VH. 81
Herberth. See Narbarthe
Herbotelle 102
Herchinfeld, or Erchen
feld 9
Herebert 5, 69
Hereford 9,66. A Priory
there 10 Here-
146

Index to the Fifth Volume

Herefordfhire , Ab

bays

Kinemarth , or

Kine-

LLan Rean

=•_>

there i o

march 57, 59

LLanruflyt

79

Hexgreve

93

Kitfon

85

LLanfanfride

79

HiUebyri

H

Knife R.

28

LLanfannan

62

Hinionith [read Hivio-

Knight

33

LLanflufan 22, 25

2-7

nithj 41

Knighton

3

LLantarnam

IZ

Hirk R.

83

Koker. See Goker.

LLanthonddye Priory 68

Hodeney R.

67

Kyrkeby

84>93

LLanvair Vadelen

57

Hoele

S6

L

LLanunda
29
Hogan Holbeche
%6
Lacharne, or Tale Laug-
LLan Ydlas
80
39
harne 22
LLechweddifla
41
Holcrofte
«3
Lacy
59
LLene 41 ,49
The Holt 34
. S3
Laken
31
LLefguenllean
59
Honddye
70
Lanamdeueri Caftel 22
LLes yn Dynorwek
41
Hope, alias Quene Hope
Lancaftre
85
LLeueny 49,67,68,69,70
38
Langer
93
LLeuonbroke
49
Howton, or Haulfton
9'
Langeville
28
LLinn Creg thoydor
77
Horneby
"4
Langforde
«3
LLinn Gorlan
77
Hudde (Robyn)
9i
Langton
»3
LLinn Gron
77
Hughegurvay
41
Lankiby. See Trergreg.
LLinngynon
77
Humframville 102,
106
Lannedeu
70
LLinnher
77
Humfridus Dux Gloce-
Lannhadein
28
LLinnllanabeder
77
ftrije 1 00
Lan Rayhader
57
LLinnyrythe
77
Huntingdon :
>9*
Lanternham
6
LLinpeder
75
Hyham Ferres
94
Lan Vair
S
LLinridde
75
1
LafTelles
116
LLin Seuatha-m
68
Inis Mirach
5°
Launde
93>94
LLin Teggy
44
Inifpir
16
Le
31
LLin thedwarchen
44
Inis Sidwale
S°
Leighton
3°
LLin Tyue 76
77
John uab Madok
uab
Lelande
»3
LLin Veryddon Vaur
77
Poel 48
Lelandfhire
83
LLin Veryddon Vehan
John Wen uab Meiidith
Leming
i'5
77
48
Leonmynftre
10
LLin Winge
77
Irencefier
99
Leyburne
85
LLinycregnant
77
Irwel R.
«3
Leyrceftre
82
LLinynigin Velen
77
Ifcurvay
41
Lidiate Mofle
83
LLin Yridde
77
Ifis R.
64
Limftre
3
LLoid
41
R
Linne duy
77
LLoydarth
28
Katerik , Jive Keterik,
Linnygorres
77
LLued
35
113, 11S
LLan Aelhairen
49
LLuelin Prince of Wales
Kemmer
42
LLanameuri
73
71
Kenchefier
66
LLanarmon
35
Lochor R. 24
.2-5
Kendale
»5
LLan Clere
13
Lomeley (Lord)
103
Kennenn R.
— -.
LLandewy breui
75.78
Loogh Tawe
70
Kenuyn,.. Yrhendwr 44
LLandilavar
2-3
Loos. The VII. La-
. A
KtTreg thetylluaine
62
LLan dynnan
80
Place fo called
81
Keri R.
85
LLanegwhifle
35. 53
Loudres
12
Kerikennen
22
LLaneinis
57
Lovetofte
92-
Ketellus. Vide Gulielmus.
LLan engan Brening 49
Ludlo
10
Keterik. See Katerik.
LLanelthle
2-4
Lugge 3
. 10
Ketering
94
LLanfeth
74
Lundey
75
Keuen De
35
LLangors
69
Lune Bridge
S5
Kidwely, Cathweli
or
LLangotlan
53
Lyfeld
93
Cadweli 12, 24
LLangyrik
78
Lynebroke
to
Killarby
"4
LLan Ririk
80
M
Kilpek
9
LLannuairuehan
49
Madocus
39
Kine/narch, See Kine
LLanpeder
70
1 Madok (Cad wa_l_elan ap)
marth.
'3
Ma-
Of
Mahenclif 78
Maiden Caftel 116
Mailgo Guined 50
Maineweiing 30
Mainopir 26, 75
Maifcar Foreft 72
Maknant 76
Malt Walbere, or Mata-
brune 13
Manchefter 82, 83
Mardeng 66
Marik 1 15
Marleis 73, 74
Marmian (Ld.) 114,115
Marreys 28
Marske ny
Martine Cartel 28
Martine Poole 2
Martine's Priory (S.) 1 15
Matabrune. See Malt
Walbere.
Matravel Caftel
MatthernMaunsfeldMelennithMeltonMerach Mirchion
Merby 81
Merionithfliire , Hun-
dredes there 42
Merfcow 84
Merfey 82
MetburneMetcalfMiddlewichMidlehamMihels (Sainft)
MilburneMinos , Gentylmen fo
called 9
Mitton .0
Moileedon
Moilevig Parke
Molefdale
MoneMonemuth 8, 9,
Money R.
Montegle (Lord )
MontgomerikeThe Moode

94
r 14
82
"3 84
91

Morda
Morgan
Morle Morley
Morth'am
MortimerMorton Mortoa Corbet

12

40 13
83
106
H5 10
3° 81

Mr. Lelands Itinerary. Land.
44 Pecfordton
94, 99 Penbere
1 15 Penbre
73 Penbroke
7 1 Pencragan Pendewi
42 Penkelthle
76 Penlimnmon
82 Penrine

1+7

Motinbowcher
Mouthey MowbrayMunnemonketonMunnith du
Munnithe gader N
Nant Conwey
NantluysNantwichNappeNarbarthe, 28
Nedam
NeftonNeth Nevile
Newark apon Trent
NewborowNew Caftel,
lin 22
NewcafieUeNewgal
NewhaggeNewnam

1 14
Herberth

54 12
92
97
91
alios Elrae-

103,

104 2-9 92
93
6, 30, 79

NewportNicolasNorfolk
NorresNorthlache Northwich Notingam
Novo mercatu ( Barnar
dus de) 68 O
Odda
OenOfla's Dike
Ogweyne
Olney, orAlney
OneflooOney, or Somergille, R.
10
Oringgam 93
Ofwaldus 2,91
Ofweftre , or Croixof-
walde 38, 39, 40.
Ofwin (S.) 101
Oteley 3 1
Ovingeham 106

54 2
81,82
93.97

48
3.9 5° 2
30

Oureton Owfen
Par Patefhull
Paynes
Pebidiauc.

33
94
P 17, 114,115 99 3
Sis Dewys T 3.

8_
62. *4
12,74 75 29 7-80
5°44 84
102 282S

6c,,

Penthline Commote
PenwardinePercy Perot
PerskillyPerforePety Pole
Pille, or Pille Rofe
Pillefdon
Pillion, Pulifton
lefton 34
Pincke Welle
Pipv/elPlace
Place amed we
Plouhe Paroche Wriothe 37
50
Pollele Bay
Pontfrail Porte Clays
Porteskew in
Porthamal

S2 J2_
48
or Pyl-

94
ii(5 59

Poel

Port Maure
Potuarry
Preftein Prefion
PreflwikePudfey Pulifton. See Pilfton.

SO 9i 29 r
69
28, 2956 5

82
ii« 83

PylketonPyUefton. See Pilfton.
0.
Querne Hope 38
R
RadclifFe 82, 84, 93;
Radenor 3
Ragland 6
Ramefey 27
Rather Owy 76
Ravenfwathe 114
Rayder 14
Redde Bank 54
Rembaldus Presbyter 6y
Remeney R. 9
Retheford 97
Rechelan-, or Rudelafl $6
Ribyl

148

Index to the Fifth Volume

Ribyl 84
Richard III. 113
Richemont 113
Richemontfhire, Rivers
of name in it 115
The nature of the
Country 116
Ridle Parke 81
Riven, or Riventon 83
Riventon 83
Rivers 100
Roche Caftel 28
Rokeby 114,115
Rokingham 94
Rolriche 2
Rofe Market 28
Rofton 82
Rotheram 91.92
Ro wfe Lordfhip 28
Rudelan. See Rethelan.
.Rudham 1 02
Ruededoc 35
Ruford, or Rumeford 92
Ruhan 47
Rume R. 92
Rumeford, See Ruford.
S
S. John 99
Salthoufe 54
Salvach, or Salverach 29

Sanddiford Sanford SanhehoSavokScalmey ( Great )
Scalmey (Lytle) ibid.
Scargate. or Scorgate 2
Schoukhold . »6
Scorgate. See Scargate.
Scotte , alias Rotheram
9i 93, 114, IT5
49.5°

Scrope Segent R.
ShakerleySheffild 94
Shirburne 91
Shottewik 54
Shrewsbyri (Earl of) 92
48
i'5 49 ^1
28
J4>93 93
114 6}

Sinnodune Skel R.
SkeuernokSkriven SlebycheSmithe
Smithe Broklet
Snape
Sodbiri (Litis)

Souch 94
South Croke 49
South-Walis (Abbais and
Prioris there) 12
Sowthwel 93
Standeley 36, 81
Stanewich ir6
Staunton 85
Steple Caftle. See Stepton
Stepton, or Steple Caftle
3
Stinan's Chapel (S.) 29
Stow in the Wolde 2
Strateflure 1 3, 75, 76,78
Stutevilla (Robertus de)
99
Suadale. See Sualedale.
Suale R. (Abbayes and
Priories on it) 115
Sualedale, or Suadale
113, 116
Sutton. ' 66, 91
T
Tabot 30,81,92
Taldbrooke 2

Tale Laugharne.

See La-

charne.

Taleponte

43

Talgarth Talley

69, 72
13,23
Taluarran Caftel
80
Tame
2, 102
Tanfelde
114. Uf
Tarne R.
91
Tarfet
102
Taua R.
2-3
Taylor
IC
Teguin ar Taue
12,23
Teme R.
0
Tereudacus
(S-)
5
Termone
5°
Terrig R.
37
Tertarith
7°
Tefe R.
,,,
116
Tewi R.
=¦3
.2-5.73
Thifarte, or Diferte, Ca
ftelle j6
Thomas ap Jonys 73
Thomas (Su Rhefe ap)
13.22_25-.___, 73,74,75
Thornes 30
Thornton. See Thorton.
Thorton, or Thornton
103.
Thruftington 54
Thurgoton 93
Tikil 97
TinbighTinby
TinterneToureToweTowenTov/nlesTrahtmaureTraifo'rd Tre Caftel
Tredine TregaronTrentam
IS
26
5. 8. 12-
44
79 4391 10
82 29
7T, 77 30
Trergreg, or Laukiby 6
Trefleham 94
Tretour 69
Treueuen 49
Treugarth 28
Trevor 37
Treurewe 48
Trogy . 5, 6
Troutbek 30
Truewhit,or Turwit 103
Turwit. See Truewhit.
Tuflbg LLuelin uab Qer-
werde Trundon 48
Tyue 79
V
Valle Royal 82
Vehan 1 o, 6c,
Venceland, or Venteland
5. 5.9
Vendreth Vaur 24, 25
Vendreth Vehan 24,25
Venetia, Rokkes fo call
ed 8
Venfelanj. See Werifla.
Venteland. See Vence
land.
Vere
7°
Vernoun
31
Upton
too
Ure R.
"5
Uredale
116
Uske
12
Uftrate
62
Uftwith
7*>79
W
Wadacomes
2
Wadele
-
Walch Maylor
34
Walche
65
Walefty
55
Walfehe Poole
3,80
Warde
103
Warton
85
Waulwine
72
Wenbro
WenbroWenne ap Roberte 3;
Wenny 1 •
Wenfla ua. See Ven
fela.
Werckworth Wefte Kirkeby
Whisk R.
Whit-chirche White-CaftelWhitingtonWhitland 74. .
told by the Abbat of
that Place 79

Of Mr. Leland's Itinerary.

145.

106 54 9
81 9
40
Tale

Wiclif 1 141

48

Wigmore 10

Wyrale 54

Winfeld 94

Wyre 84

Wirkfbppe 92, 97

Wyver R. iz

Wisk 70, 115

Y

Wolrige 3 1

Worme Brooke 1 0

Yale 3f

Wormefley ro

Yaro R. 83

Worthembre , or ¦ Guo-

Youg 3 r

thumbre 33

Yorevalx Abbay 1 15

Wrexham , or rather

Yorke 91

Wrightelefham 34

Yoton 101

Wye R. 9,10

Yrhendwr. See Kenuyn.

Wyllyara uab William

Yftymaneir Commote 4J

SUBSCRIBERS to the Fourth Volume of
LELAND'S Itinerary. j
Thofe with this Mari^ (f) had the better Taper ^ of
which there were only twelve Copies printed.

1 T TEnry Aldrich, D. D.

Dean of Chrift-Church Oxon.
[deceafed] one Copy.
2,3. Thomas Allen, M. A. Redtor of Murfton in Kern, and late
Fellow of Univ. C°D- Oxon. two Copies.
4. Thomas Baker, B.D. Fellow of St. John's- College Cambridge.
one Copy.
5. fofhua Barnes, B.D- Regius Profeffor ofthe Greek Tongue in
the Univerfity. of Cambridge, one copy.
f 6. Wriothefley Duke of Bedford, [deceased.] one copy.
7. Hilkiah Bedford, M. A. lately Fellow of St. Johns-College Cam
bridge, one copy.
8. John Bland, Gentleman-Commoner of Chrift-Church Oxon.
one copy. Ht hath rectrv'A only the firfi and fecond Volume.
9. Bodlejan Library, one copy. A prefent.
10, ir, u. Mr. Jonah Bowyer of London, three copies.
13. Colwell Brickenden, D- D. Mafter of Pembroke-College Oxon.
one copy.
14, iy, id, 17. WiUiam Brome of Ewithington in Hereford- fhire,
Gent, four copies. 18. The

I JO

x8. The Hpnourable William Bromley, Efq; Speaketof the Houfe
of Commons, one copy.
19. The Honourable Archibald Campbell, Efq; one copy.
ao. Cuthbert Chambers, BD. Fellow of Magdalen- College Oxon.
and Prebendary of Rjppon. one copy.
fn. Francis Cherry of Shottesbrooke iii Berks, Efq; one copy.
ai. Henry Dodwell of Shottesbrooke in Berks, M. A. [deceafed.]
one copy.
zj. Richard Dyer, M. A. Fellow of Oriel-Coll. Oxon. one copy.
14. Cuthbert Ellifon, B.D. Fellow of Corpus-Chrifti Coll. Oxon.
one copy.
f 25. John Lord Bifhop of Ely. one copy.
16. The Honourable Coll. Heneage Finch, Efq;. one copy.
27, 28. Topham Foote, Efq; lately Gentleman- Commonec of
Trinity-College Oxon. two copies.
29. Marmaduke Fothergill of Pontefraft in York-fhire, M. A. one
copy:
30. Sir Andrew Fountaine, Knt. one copy.
jr, 32, 33. Mr. Robert FreebaiTn of Edinbbrough. three copies.
f 34-Rich. Frewin, M.D. Student of Chrift-Church Oxon.one copy.
35". Bernard Gardiner, D. LL. Warden of All-Souls College, and
Cuftos Archivorum of the Univerfity of Oxon. one copy.
36. Francis Lord Guilford, one copy.
37. Francis Gwynne, Efq; one copy.
38. Anthony Hall, M. A. Fell, of Queen's-Coll. Oxon. one copy.
39. Mr. John Hardy of Horbling in Lincoln-fhire. one copy.
40. The right Honourable the LordHarley of Chrift-Church Oxon.
one copy. [7. lyes for hit Lordfhip at Mr. \\. Clement's Bookfeller in
Oxon. from whom he receh'd the former Volumes,]
41 Samuel Hawes, M. A. one copy.
42. The Reverend Mr, G. H. one copy.
43. Mr. G. H. one copy.
44. George Hickes, D. D. one copy.
f 4?. Thomas Hinton, M. A. Chaplain of Corpus-ChrjLfti Coll.
Oxon. one copy.
46. John Hudfon, D.D. chief Keeper ofthe Bodlejan Library, one
copy.
47. Richard Ibbetfon, M. A. Fell, of Otiel-Coll. Oxon- one copy.
48. Henry Levett, (of.Hatton-Garden Holborn) M. D. one copy.
He was fupply'd with the former Volumes by Mr. Thwaites. -
49. Samuel Lindfey, M.A. Fell, of Univerfity- Coll.Oxon. one copy.
fo. Thomas Loveday of Feens in Berks, Efq;. one copy.
5 r. Thomas Lord Bifhop of Man. one copy.
J 2- Richard Mead, M. D. one copy.
%$. Samuel Mead of the Middle-Temple, Efq; one copy-
54. CavendifhNevill,M. A. Fell, of Univ. Coll. Oxon. one copy.
jj. Adam Ottley, D. D. Arch-deacon of Salop, and Canon-
Refidcntiary of Hereford, one copy. j 6. George

Ifl

j6. George Parry, M. A. Fell, of Oriel-Coll. Oxon: one copy.
.7. Thomas Pearfon, D. D. Principal of Edmund-Hall Oxon.
one copy.
58. Sir Confiantine Phippj, Knigfit, Lord Chancellor of Ireland.
one copy.
J9. George Plaxton, M. A. Reftor- of Barwick in Eltnet in York-
(hite. one copy.
60, 6r. Henry Prefcot, B- LL. Regifterof Chefter. two copies.
62. Thomas Rawlinfon ofthe Middle- Temple, Efq; one copy. Seer
Sloane. *
63. Richard Rawlinfon, Gentleman- Commoner of St. Johns-
College Oxon. one copy.
64. Richard Richardfon, M. D. one copy.
6f . Tancred Robinfon, M. D- one copy. See Sloane.
66. Sir Henry St. George, Knight, Garter King of Arms, one
copy.
f 67. Sir Thomas Sebright of Jefus-Coll. Oxon. Baronet, one copy.
f 68,69,70, 71, 72,73,74, 75'. 76, 77. Hans Sloane, M. D- ten
copies. Two of them the better paper, one of which he difpos'd
of to John Bridges, Efq; the other to Thomas Rawlinfon of the
Middle-Temple, Elq;. Seven of the other copies he difpos'd of
thus, vi% one copy to Francis Afton, Efq; ; one copy to Robert
Balle, Elq; ; one copy to Anthony Collins, Efq; ; one copy to
William Gore, Elq;; one copy to Sir John Percivale, Baronet;
one copy to Tancred Robinfon, M. D. ; one copy to Edward
Southwell, Efq;.
f 78. John Lord Sommers. one copy.
79. Thomas Stanley, M. A. Redlor of Middleton-Cheney in
Northampton- fhire, and late Fellow of Brazen-College Oxon.
one copy.
80. Edmund Staples, M. A. Redlor of Shottesbrooke in Berks.
one copy, v
81. William Stevens, Efq; one copy.
f 82. William Stratford, D. D. Canon of Chrift-Church Oxon.
one copy.
83. Sir Simeon Stuart, Baronet, one copy.
f 84. Charles Earl of Sunderland, one copy.
85,86. Sir Philip Sydenham of Britnpton in Somerfet (hire, Ba
ronet, rwo copies.
87. Thomas Terry, M. A. Student of Chrift-Church Oxon. one
copy.
88. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds in York-fhire, Gent, one copy.
89,90,91,92,93, 94, 95, 96. John Thorpe, M.D eight copies.
Whereof he hath receiv'd only one as yet. Seven copies of
the three firft Volumes he difpos'd of thus, <vi\. one copy to
William Lord Bp. of St. Afaph ; one copy to  r Bowyer,
Efq;; one copy to Philip Earl of Chefterfield ; one copy to
Thomas Ifted, Efq;; one copy to Thomas PeJUt, MD.; one
copy

J.52.

copy to Richard Waller, Efq;; one copy to Henry Worflejr, Efq;.
97.98j 99,100,101. Edward Thwaites, M.A. Fell. ofQfteen's-
CoII. and Regius Profeffor of the Greek Tongue in the Univer
fity of Oxford, five copies. He difpos'd of one copy of the full
Vol. to Charles Bernard Efq; fince deceas'd. See Levett.
J02. Mr. John Urry, Student of Chrift-Church Oxon. one copy.
103. Thomas Lord Vifcount Weymouth, one copy.
104. Thomas Whalley, M. D. Fellow of Oriel-College Oxon.
one copy.
105. Brown Willis of Whaddon-Hall in Bucks, Efq; one copy.
106,107,108,109,110,111,112, 113,114,115,116,117 John
Woodward, M.D. Fellow ofthe Royal- Society and Profeffor
of Phyfick in Grefhara Coll. twelve copies, ten of which he
difpos'd of thus, vi% one copy to William Lord Bp.of Carlifle 5
one copy to Mr.Maurice Emmet ;, one copy to Roger Gale,Efq; ;
one copy to Mr. Samuel Gale ; one copy to John Hace-, Esq}
Richmond Herald ; one copy to Mr. Benjamin Midleton ; one
copy to Peter le Neve, Efq; Norroy K. at Arms ; one copy to
Mr. Seargeant of the Tower ; one copy to Roger Tighe, Efq; ;
one copy to Sir George Wheeler, Knt. Prebendary of Durham.
NB. Mr. Le A&ve has ont/ one copy of the former Volumes. I was
mifinjorm'd (when I printed the Lift at the End of the fourth Vol.')
elbow his procuring two copies.
118. James Wright of the Middle- Temple, Efq; one copy.
119. John Lord Arch-Bifhop of York, one copy.

Adverlifement.
NB. There are only an hundred and twenty copies of this Book
printed ; and they are fold (bound) by the publifher, ( either
at the Bodlejm Library, or at Edmund-Hill) at five fhillings
& copy the better, and four fhillings the ordinary Paper. The
fixth Volume is actually in the Press.

O X O N 1 1 c Theatres Shtldoniano, Sep. it. Mcccxr.

3 9002 00889 1922