YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

, A N
ESSAY ON
The Ancient and Modern Ufe of
armories; SHEWING
Their Origin, Definition, and Diviflon of them
into their fevcral Sp££i^^^—^^^
The Metbedrxjf Compofing them, and Mar
shalling many Coats together in one Shield,
Illuflrated by many Examples and Sculptures
of the Atmorial Enfigns of Noble Families
in this and other Nations.
To which is a^ded,
An I N DE X explaining the Terms of Blazon made ufe
of in this ESSAY.

«. — - — In Perpetuum per Gloriam liivere
intetliguntm T), Juftinian.
By Alexander Nisbet Gent. 
EDINBURGH: '
Printed by William Adams Junior, for Mr. jAitiiss Mack-
EuEN, and fold at bis Shop oppofitc to the Crofs-Wcll,
Amo DOM. M.DCCXVIII.

Hi

THE

PREFACE.

Propofed feme Yeari ago a tdrgeTreaiik o/Heraiildry
Speculative and PraiSlical in Folio, as neceffary for
the Knowledge of that Scisuc^^and for publijhing and

"¦^^ preferring ther^»<'^^ble Enfigns of the Ancient and
iSloble Families ofthe Kingdom^ I am now to acquaint the

World with the Difficulties which have obfiruSi&d that Defign.
Firfi, My raff}ly fu^ijhing Vvo^o[^\s\ thdt'&hoever advanced
a Crown when he fubjcrib'dj Jhould have a compleat Copy for
[Ten Shillings more, at the Delivery of the Booki and being
obliged to blazon all the Arms of our Nobility and Gentry,
Jeverals of them caufed ingrave their Arms on large Copper
plate, and gave in long Memorials offhek families vQithout
contributing any further towards fuch an '^xpenfive Under
taking. And finding my Book would fwell to a much greater
Buljk than I had ferefeen, and the-^Expence fo great, that the
Work eoul4 ifot be performed but with a great Deal of Lop;
I was obliged to lay afide that Defign: But after, by the
Advice and ..Perjuafion of 'fotne li^enious and Curious
Gentletnen, 1 was encouraged and prevailed upon to
apply to the Parliament for an Affijlance, the Work beirig^
ef publick Ufe,, and for the better effeSiu'ating it, togivh
a specimen of tny Knowledge in: Herauldry : Upon

^|. 'Bie FRrBF-AXE.^^
vvj own Charges I ^ublijbed :^m EflSiy on additional Figures
mid^Marks of Cadency, the moft intricate Part of the' Science^
whieh "has now teen- expofed "to the publick Vieiv for many
Tears, and I may fay without Kanity, jhat nothing of- this
Nature fo petfed has beef^ hitherto publijhed. Ifs true in fo
finall a Compafs .m Man can. exp£6i a compleat Syftem of
Herauldry, nor did I offer it as juch, but as one Point of the.
Science, that by [o dofpg I ffiig^tprope-.myfelf capable ^tik^
whole: .. It has been approven of kj the , moft knowing Hcrmlds
/« Britain, and particularly by Sir Henry .St. Geoige Garter
King at Arms, wBch hewits pleafedto fignify to me in
his Letters ; tho' in itd have fhown but afmall Regard to
the Englilh. Writers, m Herauldry : However the Eflay will
Jpeak for It [elf, fome Copies of, which are to- be fold in
ffown, the Per^jal whereof will be of Ufe for underflandmg
the following ESay-- .
Upon my Application for -the paUiek-Aj^ami. to enable mc
to go on With the Work j. an A& of Parliament was made itr
my Favours for Two hunted and fifty Pounds Sterling, but thjC
Fund whereput I was to have the Money became in^eStual by
' the Union, fo that all Hopes of anj fitch Affifiance being over^:
1 cooled in theDefign, a^d retired for fome Tears to the Country^
there my.naiuralfy(;lip(itions led me. to digefi my Collegians
andObfervationson Herauldry into fever al Forms as_ I thought
might be mofi'mftruUive and pleafant to the Reader : Since I
canie to Town I have been advijedso publifh them Piece-meal
by, Sub[criptio7is, the rather, becaufe if my numcroifs Co\[e&ior\s
^»^ Obfervations do, not come to Lighf in my own Time, they'
may become IJfelefs, to the Lofs not only ofthe Learned and
Curiom in general, but alfo of many. Nobh FamHies, whfe.
ancient Blazons and other Documents of Honour, are in my
Ct^ody. .
Upon whicp Reajans I confented again to Prepofals, being
naturally bent to ferve my Country, and to gi've them an Eflay
- /of

The Tll'EF ACE.

of -v^rhvories wo lefs fingular than the former Eflay, and after
a Method never followed- by any before me.
Firft, . Of the Origin 'of Armories, Jhewing, That as
Hereditary Marks of Honour they were not knotm to the
Romans «(?>¦ other Nations before them, but had their firfi
Appearance from the Goths fj«flf Vandal? and other Northern
Allien, and by Degrees they have. grown up in feveral Periods
of Ages to the Beauty and Perfection we now find them
in. .' t ¦¦ ;.
Secondly, I have treated of their proper Definition and
Diviflon, which arife from the different Pradites of different
Ages, by laying^afide- their old Arms upon having Right -to
new Ones, and then again in a following Age by adding both
old and new together upon the Account of Marriage, Offices,
Alliances, Adoption, Patronage, Gratitude, Religion,
Conceffions of Arms, Noble Feus and Pre^enfion to.them,
and thofe of Domimcxt : Where I give a Detail of the Arms
of Epgland ?/// ihe' Reign of King James I, 0/ Great
Britain. / -
Thirdly, The d^erent 'J^ap of Mar fhalling many "Coats of
Arms in one Shield dccordmg to their refpective Rights of
Precedency byB^ampIes Foreign and^Vofneftick.^'
¦ Fourthly^ I hM}e added, for the Readers better underftan<r
ding. an Alphabeticallndex fifc^/i//;^^!^^^^ Terms of Herauldry
ufed in this. Eday, with an Alphi^etical Table ofthe Families
therein-meniioHed. Which keing primifed in my Propofals, ¦¦ I hope my Perfor-
EMpce Wilipleafe the ingeniot^ Reader, and do Jufiice to the
Undertaker^ tx>ho has been alfojuftio the Publick, and to
me mto wkat was on his Part required. ..
Ifljc^l net fay much in Commendation of thif Eflay r /or tho",
Ifiojuld, .every Reader will have his own Sentiments : But
thyi-may allow me to fay, that none /« .Britain has ever as yet
d^m 'thg ltke.upm this' SubjtSt.. .

vi .The PHET ACE.
 .  .  ' ".,; ' ._ ),  j^% ,f '[.  -—^-^
As Ifentmy formerEfky into the World, fo Ifendthefico^fdi:
not fjiffl complete Syftem of Herauldry, ^or do l offer either-
of themas fuch,. nor both together i for the Body of Herauldry ^
' is large, ccnfiftingof many Parts, and the Two E^^y s are Sut
Two Points of the Science, of greateft Difficulty andthegreatefi
Ufe,- which {J hope) the Reader will find fufficiently treated of.
I hope this Performance will mt ohlyjhew that I am capable to .-,
' treat of all the other Parts of Hermldry, but will alfo be a
Specmen bf my Zeal for the Good and Honour of my Country,
and -the Honourable Families in it : And I may corifidmtly Jay,
' That iH Scotland there are very many Ancient and Noble Fami-^ ¦
¦ lies, who have Jhined with Enfigns of Honour as'eminemly as
in any of our neighbouring Nations, tho' oi \ke we have be-j
come cheap with Foreigners as to Trade, Riches, and Honom.^
Home Strangers to Herauldry, and altogether ignorant of it,
have been difplmfed "doith my fortner Eflay, becaufe their Names f,
were not iherejnfert ,• a^d" (noDoubty<they.milk.Ite more dip^
pleafed,' when^they don't find themjelves in the Second Eflay j
andiven fome mentioned in the former, will not be fatisfied
that they are not again repeated in this: Ihey cannot fay that I
have been unjufl in omitting them, or that Lam mercenary ,-
for from them, nor any of thofe 1 mention in this and the former
Eflay, / neither received Money »ar Favours, and never made'
it myBufinefs to gain any Thing that Way. I write as a Gen
tleman without any fuch Defign, and as a Herauld I follow
dofs the Nature of the Subjeii I treat of, where many Arms of
our Noble Families would not be fuitable Examples i and hL^
fides, the fmall Bulk of this and the other Eflay o« Matksif^
Cadency would not alhfjometo infifi upon all thaf-werejtiiu
able : So that I was necejfitate not to mention many Families',
for whom 1 have great Refpe£l and near Relation, and even the''
Famil) Im defcended of, which has as much to fay for its Anti
quity and Honour as moft of the original Families in the Na
tion i thoje I could not clap into thi^ Effay upon the Heads I am
^treating about, as Marriage, O^ces, Alliance, and Adopti on,

,  P R E E A C E. . vii
0Oi^(f;c. S» that Imuftbe excised until I publijh the reft of the
Pans of Herauldry, which I defign with all Speed, if I meet
with jmtable Encouragement i Mnd efpecially that long defired
One, the^Tme^ Art of Blazon, where 1 treat afall the Ruks and
Figures of Herauldry, in a morefhort and regular Way than
ever has been done before -, where L ha've Room enough for all
the. Armorial Bearings of our Ancient Families, whoJhaUbe
advertifed. by Propgfah, and have them injerted, if they pleafe .
to apply. In mentioning of Families domeftick and fore^n, J give no
Precedency here to any : I bring Families in as I have done before,
according as J think they, are fuitable Examples to the Rules and
Figures Itreat cf.
Ifltallfay nothing of my Stile, but that it is fuch as that my
t/leanii^ may be eafily underftood, which is all I aim at. If
any think himfelf. injur'd by any Miftake of mine about
his Family, I defire he, would not condemn me till he hear my
"Defemes; and bejhalll?a^,e fuffijcient SatpfaCtion in the follow
ing Treaties.
^ere are jome Errors which may be afcribed to the Over-
fight of the Printer, the moft remarkable the I^eader may eafilj^
help, and_are. here fubjoined»_

E R; R: AX A.
W Mar read Kelly t Page 85. Line icy. for coloured r^ad collared, P. 105. L.

iaiiiitt fcail latwhe, P* i^3< L. 22. for Butiekks rea4 BuchUs, V. i<)i. L. 1 1. for
treated read ereHed, P. 199. hit Line
a(. for wM i«ikd t^tm* P. £07. L. 29.

THE

NAMES

OF THE

SUBSCRIBERS.

A.
MR. ¦ James Anderfon,
Poftmafter General for
North-Britain.
William Adams junior,' Prin
ter. B.
THe Right Honourable Da
vid Earl of Buchan.
The Honourable Brigadier-Ge
neral James Bruce, of Ken-
nets.
Sir William Bennet of Grubbct,
Alexander Bruce of Kennets,
younger. .
Mr. Robert Blackwood of Pi-
trevicj' younger.
William Brown of Dalgowrie.
Humphry Brent Efquire, one

of the Commiffioners of His
Majefty's Excife.
Mr. James Bofwel of Auchcti-
leek. Advocate,
John Baird Efquire, of New-
beath, younger.
-RobertBelljWriteritiEdinburgh. Mr. Charles Burnet, Advocate.
Mr.George Buchan,Clerk to the
Commiffion of Tiends.
Mr. Andrew Brown of Dol-;
phinton.
John Burnfide ot Whitelav/
Younger,.
Archbald Boorden, Engraver in
.Edinburgh.
¦George Burgon,TalidoiiC€'Pdn-^
ter in Edinburgh.
William Brown, Portioner in
Chirnfide.
Mr. Alexander Baillic, Writer
in Edinburgh.

c.
THe Honourable Mt. Wil
liam Carmichael,Bi'other
to the Earl of Hindfordi
The Rohourable Colonel James
Campbel. * -
Mr. Alexander Campbel, Ad
vocate.
Mr. Archbald Campbel, Writer.
Mr. Colin Campbel of Aber-
uichil.
Captain John Campbel. .,
Sir Duncan Campbel of Loch-;
nell.
Mr. Daniel Campbel, Writer.
John Corfe, Writer in Edin
burgh.
Sir James Cuningliam of MiU^
craig.
Sir John Clark of Pennyc«ok.
Mr, George Cockburn, Writer
to the Signet,
Mr. William Codiburnof Cal-
der.
' Archbald Cockburn of Lanton.
Mr. JbCeph Cave, His Ma/efty's
Engraver.^ D.
THe Right Honourable
Lady Jean Douglafs.
The HpnQurable, Sir David
Dairy mple,tiis Majcfty 's Aci-.
:. vbcatc.
TJtie Honourable Coloijel Wil-
liivm Dairy mplc.. . ~

The HonourableQolonel George
Deuglafs.
William Douglafs Efquire, Soiii
to Sir Robert Douglafs of
Glenbervy,
John Dbn of Atihhhxitfi.
Mr. John Dalryiiiple 6f Ncvf-
Cra:flfl:on, Advbcatfe.
Mr. Walter Douglafs, Miniftec
at Lintoun,
Sir Robert DickfoQ of Inner-
ask. I
Mr. William Drummond, ptin-
gipal Warden! of ills M&je-
fty's Minti _
Mr. John Dundafs of Philip-]
fton. Advocate-^
Mr. George Davidfon jT-utor £0'
the.Earl of Aboin,
Mr. Georg? Douglafs of Fri-
er/hall, Advocate.
George Drummondii Meifdiant
in Edinburgh.
Mr. Robert Dundafs, His May
jefty's Solicitor.
Williara Dundafs of Airth..

THe Right Honourable my ,
Lbrd Elibank,
The Honourable Mr. Charles .
Erskin, Brother to the EarL
of Buchan.
Mr. I)avid Erskin, Son to mjj,
Eord Lron' King at Arras,
Mr. John Erskin of Bilgohj.
Mt. John Etkar, Advocate.
Edgar of W^tKcrly:. Richard j

Riehstrd E^ar of Newtbrn
Mr, Gilbert Eliot of Mirito,
jN&fifiger, Adroeate.
Mt\ johti Itvmi, Writer to the
Sigflt^. F.
THe Right Honourable my
Lord Forbes.
John Fairlie of CaldwellS.
Mr. Patrick Forbes, Dodor of
Medicin in London.
Mr; John Forbes of PitnacaWer,
Minifter at PitfligO.
Mr. John Forrefter, Preacher of
the Golf el
Mr. Robert Ford,>F«a:or to the
Marquis of Annandale,
Mr. AlexandeB Falconer, Advo
cate.
Henry Erazec, Rofs-Herauld.

G.
THe Right Hotvoinrable tlie
Eari bf GleBcairn, Go-
vernour ofthe Caftle of Dum
barton.
The Right Honoui:able IXivid
Earl df Glafgow.
.The Honourable Sir Francis
Grant of CuUen, one ofthe
Senators of the . College -of
Jiiftide.
Sir William Gbrdon of Afton,
. Baronet.
Mr. Geerge" Gordon of Kethc'r-
-mure. Advocate.

Mr. James Gordon, Minifter at
Alford.
Mr. James Gilloii, Advocate. •
Mr. James Gramr, Minifter at
¦ Authenleck.
Mr, George Glafs, Purfevant in
Edinburgh,
Mr, Alexander Gordon, Mu-
fter-mafter General of His
Majefty's Forces in Scotland,
Andttw Gatdner, Mcrchailtin
Edinburgh,
Mr. James Graham of Airth,
. Advocate.
John Graham of Killern.
Mi. William Gufthart, Mniftet
at Crailing. H.
THe Right Honourable
James Earl of Himlford.
The Riight Honourable Lord
David Hay.
Tire Right Honourable Lord
Willia^m Hay.
Alexander Hamilton of Inver-
devatc.
The Honourable Sir Andrew
Honfie of Kimmergham, one
of the Senators of the Col
lege of Jiiftice.
The Honourable Mr.' WiUiam
'Hay of DriMiiellfer.
Sir John Home of Blacltad'er,
Mr, Robert Home, Brother to
-the faid Sir John Hom«.
Mr., Mungo Halladay, Efquire.^
Sir Robert Hay of Linplum.

Ct^]

Mr;

Mr. Henry Home, Minifter at
Channelkirk,
James Hamilton of Dalziel.'
Sir James HaU of .Dunglafss
Mr, WiUiam HaU Advocate.
Mr. William Hardie, Minifter at
St. Andrews.
Mr. Alexander Home, Brother
to the Laird of Eccles,
George Home of Kaimes.
Sir William Johnfton of We-
fterhaU,
.Sir James Juftice,
Robert Johnfton of Hilton.
K.
THe Right Honourable Wil
liam Earl of KUmarnock.
The Honourable Colonel Ro
bert Keith.
Mr. WiUiam Kelfo of-^Dan-
keith.
Mr. John Ker, Advocate.
Mr. John Kcr, Regent in the
.Univerfity of Aberdeen. ,
The Right Honourable Lord
Charles Ker.
Robert Ker younger, of Ca
vers.
William "Keith, Vintner ia Edin
burgh.
John Kennedy, Gent.
Robert Kay of Southihields,in
the County of Durham,
Gent,
THe Right Honourable
Charles Earl of Lauder
dale.

The Right Honourable; David
Earl of Leven. *¦
The Honourable Sir John Lau
nder of Fountainl^ail, one a^
the Senators of the College
of Juftice.
Robert Lumfden of Inncrgelly,
younger.
Sir James Lockhart' of Lock-'
harthall.
Mr. GeorgeLivingfton,one ofthe
under Clerks of the Scffipn.
Mr. WiUiam Logan of That-ilk.
Mr. David Lunden, Advocate.
John Low of Merchifton, youn
ger.
The Honourable David. Lindfay
of EdzeJ.

M,
THe Right Honourable Ro^
bert Earl of Morton. " '
The Right Honourable Lady
Jean Maitland, Daughter to
the late-EaM of Sutherland. •
The Honourable Sir John Max-
wel of Pollock, One of the:^!
Senators of the College of.
Juftice.
'Sir Lawrence Mercer of Aldiej
Baronet.
Mr. Alexander Murray of Sten-
hope, yoqnger.
Mr. John Mow of Eaftmains:
James Mackraurren^of Glefpen,
younger. John

iDf Macfedowal of Logan,
younger,
Mr, Joha Mackmurdoch, Mi
nifter,
Mr. David Miln, Merchant in
Edinburgh.
David Monipcnny of FitmiUo.
John MackGregory, Licentiate
in both LawSi of the Faculty
of* Angers, . and Proftffor of
Geography, and Hiflory , and
the ..Languages, in tne Uni
verfity of Edinburgh i a Do-
ien of Copies.
Robert MoubKiy,His M^jefty's
Wright.
Robert Miln, Engraver in Edia-
burgh. — - '¦''
N.
THeRight Honourable the
'Earl of Northesk.
The Right Honourable Francis
Lord Napier.
William Nisbct^of Dirltoun, for>
Three.
, Mr, Alexander Nisbet, Chyrur-
geon-Apothecary, and late
Deacon-Conveener in Edinr,
burgh,
^ Mr. James Nisbet, Preather pf
the Gofpel.
SirRichard Newton pf That-ilk.
Mr. James Niramo,Merch,ant in
Edinbumli, and Glei;!^ tp the
Commiffion of Equivalent.
o.
'He "Honourable Sir Alex
ander Ogilvy of Eorgland,

one of the Senators oi th.^
College of Jihi.;e.
The Hoh.,urabJe Mr.JohnOgil-,
vy, Sontb die E-;rl of Airly.
Sir John Ogilvy ol- liinerqulia*
nty.
Mr JohaPgrlvy, Advocate.
Mr. William 'Ogxlvy,' Miniiftet
a^t innerwick. P.
THcRightHonourabkHugh Vifcounc of Primrofe,
Robert Pringle of Stitchil,
younger. .
Vabert Pripgle of Clifton.
Gilbert -Prmgle, J^rchaut IQ
Edinburgh.,
George Pringle of Greenknpws..
Mr. John P.lfon, Advocate.
George Prefton, Chyrurgeon in
Edinburgh.
Mr. JohnHope-Pringle of That-
ilk, for Two R.
THe Right Honourable Ar-
chibaldEarl of Rofeberry.
The Honourable Mafter of
Rofs.
Mr. Alexander Robertfoo, Mi-
nifte'r at Tin wall.
John Ruflel of Bradfliaw, Wri
ter in Edinburgh.
Mr. James Rofaertfon, Doftor
ot Medicin in Edinburgh.
Captain Patrick Ronalds, in the
Vifcount of Shanon's Regi

ment.

Ctt]

•V:-

THc Right Honourable A-
!cxand;i Lord Salton,
,The Honourable Sir Alexander
Seton of Pitmcddf n, fome-;
time one of the Senators of
the Col!eg:-ofJ.ifl:ice.
Sir William Scot of Thirlftoun.
Hugh Scot of Qalafliiels, youn
ger.
Sir John Stewart of Alanbank.
Sir Jqhn Swinton of That-ilki
Jjohn Scot of Ancrum.
Mr. David Scot of Scotftarbac,
Advocate.
Mr. WiUiafla^ScQt-nfJBlairiAd,-:
vocate,
Mr. Alexander Scot, Doftor of
Medicin.
John Sinclair of Ulbfter. •
Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees.
Mr. Walter Stewart, Advocate.
Mr. Robert Seton, Captain of
the third Regiment of
Guards,
Mr James Smith of WhitehiU.
Mr, WiUiam Seton, Writer to
the Signet,
WiUiam Seton of Pitmedden,
younger,
Mr. Robert Stewart, Profeffor
of Philofophy in the Univer
fity; of Edinburgh.
Mr. Jafeph Saunderfon, Mini
fter of the Cofpcl at Alves.

Mr, John Stirling, Principal oS^
the Univerfity of Glafgow,
Mr. John Spotifwood of That-:
ilk. Advocate.
Chriftopher SetoHj Son to Se
ton o^ Carifton, T.
MR, Alexander Trotter of
. Lcadbraes, Minifter at
Edrom,
Captain Robert Turnbull,Lieu-
tenant-Govcrnour in Dum
barton Caftle,

V.
John Vcitch of Dawick;
Prefenter of Signatures, in
Exchequer, W.
John Wauchop of Edmuni^
ftoun,
Mr, James Wcbfter, one of the
Miniftersof Edinburgh,
Alexander Wedderburn Efqufpei
Commiffioner of Excife.
Mr, John Williamfon, Miniftc?
at Inverask.
Robert Wood^ Engraver in E--
dinburgh. ' '

C HAP. 1.
of the Origin of ARM S.

'L L Herau4ds agree that Arms are Here
ditary ^Marks ^Honour, but have vari
ous .Opinions about their Rife and Anti-
|.;quity:,Sorneafcribe them to Adam and
his Children, and are not wanting to
give Arms to Noah and his Sons, and
.confidently to the Gh ildreri of Ifrael when
they went out of E^;>p?, building upon
the^3eco?id. Chapter of the Book oiNumbers, with the Pro-
phefies of Jacob' and' Mofes, which may be feen repfefented
on .the Front^piees of fome Bibles, whofe Blazons I pafs
over. , , .: ,:
Sonne take, the Hieroglyphicks ofthe Egyptians for Arms,
and tijefe not bei^ig Military enough j others again alcribe.the
Rife of Arms to AlexandeVi the Great, (who carried a Lion
JRampant on his Banner) and to the Figures which he caufed
liis Soldiers, paint upon their Shields, as Marks of their ho
nourable Atchievments.
,. Butfince Gf^fC^ abounded with Images and (ymbdlical Fi
gures^ others are ftiil unfatisfied, and travel to., another
Gpuntry as far as the Siege of Tjox, to find them out i and
here they back their Opiuidii with many Paflages out of
Pindar, Homer and Virgil, other Poets and Hiftorians, as
Agamemnon's Lion, Vlyffes's Giant, Typhon vomiting Fire,
^nd Hftflfor's, Lions Combatant: Whilil: others who are not fo
A fond

i ' Of the Origin of A k m s. Chap. I.
fond of Knight Errantry abandon this Field of Fables, and
afcribe the Rife of Arms to the Roman Standards, which had
an Eagle, fometimes tke-Minotaur, H^f^, BfO^ with other
Devifes, whicfi were a:b0lifhed by Caius Mari^, the Eagle
excepted, which Julius defar, and other fucceeding Fmpe-
rprs continued to carry^ Albertus Munetius a.iRrms,^Ai4guftus
to have been the jFirlt who gave ^ Beginning to Amis, in
diftingui-Oiing by the Colours of their Cloaths, wBuA (he
fays) were thofe received in the Science of Herauldry..
Many Learned Heraulds are of Opinion, that Arms owe
their Rife and Beginning to the Light of Nature, and givfe
Inftances of feveral Figures made ufe of, both, by the Anci
ent and Modern Inhabitants not only of this, bq.t iikewi^
of the new difcovered World, as Jofephus Accofta, ahd £#
ward Bolton an Engltfhman, in his Elements of Armories.,
'Tis true, when Mankind increafed and grew numerous
fome fort of Marks to diftinguiih. them were neeeffary j fbi;,
as the Learned fay, Hominem ab homine, diftinguere, Q- varus-
difcriminar-i Nominibus (jx Signis Labor fait primbrum PareP^i
turn, f^ puUulantis orbis Negotiuvi.
Neither can Military Marks he younger than Mars hifiih
felf, fines without Tokens and Signs,, no Martial Difciptiflfe
could be exercifed, nor can the Antiquity ofthe Egyptian
Hieroglyphicks be queffioned, and thofe diftinguifhingNotesy
military Marks, and fymbolical Figures ufed upon Shields,
Head-pieces, Standards and Pennons of the Jews, Egyptians,
Greeks, Ko/wawj, and other ancient Nations. Yet fl ill they
were not Hereditary Marks of Honour tranfmitted frdm Fa-
ther to Son, nor were they ever regulated to the Titles and
Rules of Armories, being only mere perfonal Etevifes, whicft
Men took up and laid afide at their Pleafure. And the
very Poets and Hiftorians to whom they fly for Shelter tell
Ui foj.that Aga?ne?fmon at one Time carried the Heitd of a
Lion, at another Time a Gorgon, and fometimes a Dragon;
and if we look to the Romans, we find Augufttfs with the.
Image-

^h^fW Of the OBgin of A k vs. s.. j
feaag^of Alexander the Great, and at othter Times with the
^^.qtCapiSQrn, the, Glob, the Helm of a Ship,, andfre-
gjiehtljs \yith.an Amkir &nd Dolphin: Thus; all- that can be
alledpd out of Bvmer, Euripides, and others^, ol their He
roes bearing Arms, proves them no more t-b«n perfonal De
vifes, or tbe bandfome Flourifhes of anhapp'y Fancy, natural
to good Poet5.
"Whate'er Figures or Ornaments thefe Pctets trim the
Shields and Helmets of their Heroes with, to diftinguifh
them in Battle, w« fee them always iuch a^ were moft in
ufe, and moft fafhionaWeat that Time the Poets . wrote.
Hence it is' that we find Ari(^py_and other modern Writers^
give more regular Arms to Hoger and Reinald, than any of
thofe that wrote fome Ages before them j and the Arms given
to King Arthur of Brixain were more congruous -to the pre-
fent Rules of Herauldry, than thofe of the -more antient Hi-
ilorians and Poets, becaufe that Hiftory or. Romance was
publifli'dwhen Arms were more regular,, certain, and fixed
tb^n, they were in that King's Reign.- The Author of that
Piece gives alfo Arms to this King's Knights of the J?o««ii
Table,, among whoHfi is one Auguftus Kkigof Scotland,\vht,
he fays, carried for Arms, Argent, a Lion Rampant Gules
Within a double Treffure' of the fame, which qould not be
afllgn'd to'anytof our Scots Kings then, for Achaius was the
Firft df them that is faid to.have got the Double Treffure, as
the Badge- of the League between him mdCharles we Great
pf France, whoJived feveral Hundreds of Years after King
Arthur. It raayj evidently appear that Figures atid Military Marks
have almoft ahvrays been in Ufe on Banners, Surcoats and
Shields, yet 'tis always deny'd that they were Arms, Here
ditary Marks afjionour:, even with the Romans, for which
I mention that Saying of Virgil,
Ejufe levisnudo parmaque inglorius alba%
A 2 HVhich

4 Of the Origin of A km s. Ghap. V,
Which proves that at that Time fuch as had not fignaliz'd
themfelves by fome gallant A&ipn, had not the Privilege of
bearing a Denfe or Military Mark, and 'tis' certain this ha4
been a fruitlefs Cuftom or Law, had the M'arks and -DevifeS
of their Aneeftors been H?r^^/?dry. '¦' ,' ^ .J o.c'r
I confefs thofe who mention Arms to be as old" as the
Roman Common-Wealth, feemto have fome Shew of Rea-
fon on their Side, becaufe with them fome Devifes on' their
Shields and Military Inftruments were tbenufed fuecef^vfeiy
by Father and Son, and fo downward, for Inftance they give
lis the Faimily of the Corvmi, who bore a Raven or Lorbie
(us we call it) for their Creft, according to that of Siliid
Ualicm. -:

Corvinvs Phcebeafedet cuicafflde futvd, .
Ofientans ales proavita Infigma'pugn^.

But ftill this Corbie Wis no more than an Ornament,- whic'tt
Feprefents a Combat of one of his Anceftors, frbm which
they hid the Name Corvinus, becaufe during the Adion i
Raven lighted on his Head -, had it been otherwife, Imean
Arms ofthe Family, the Poet, would have call'd it Infignt
proavorum. What others alledge out of Suetonius, Caligula
Vetera familiarum infignia, Nobilijftmo cuique . ademiti Tor-
quinato, Torquem, Cincihnatd Crinem (^ Pompeio ftirpjs anti
que, magni Cognomen : Imports no more than that Caligula
being difpleafed with the Grandeur of thefe Families, com-.
rnanded to take from their Images or Statues, as that of
lorquatus the Cellar or Chain that he took from one ofthe.
Gaiiles, and from that of Cine innatus the Tuft of Hair which
tbat brave Roman had fpoiled-of one of the Enemies of the
komans, and likewife ordered the Epithet Gr^af to be defaced
in the Infcrtption of the Statue of Pompey-, the Word Great
makes it evident, that the other Marks the Co/Z^r and Hair
were not Hereditary, one^ as Aims j) otherwife the Author had

Ch^p; I. Of'the Origin of Ak us. 5
hadjexprefs'd hhmidf thus. That Caligula caufed the Chain to
be t^fcen from the Torquati and the Tuft of Hair from the
Cincinnati,] and not (imply from Torquatm and Cincinna-
lus. ,¦'¦---:¦ ... ' • ¦'¦
But it feems he very well knew that thefe Marks of Tro*
phies were common both to the Noble and Ignoble, and na
other Figures were Signs of Hereditary Honour, but the
Imagesor Statueisof their Anceitors, which he could not de
prive them of, but of particular Marks of pretended. Tro--
pliies unpleafant to himfelf. jl
" Ifuppofe it will, not beamifs, if in this Place Ifliould put
my Reader in Mind that among many other Divifions of the^
People dfRome, we find them, divided into that of Nobiles,.
Nuvi, and Ignobiles; and that the Diftlndion ofPerlons was,
token from the Right of ufing Images, or Statues, an Honour
only granted' to fuch whofe Anceftors ot themfelves had born-
fome Office, Curule, yEdile, . Cenfor, Praetor, or Conful,.
he who had the Images or Statues of his Anceftors was termed
Nobilis, he who had. only his own was called iVai;«j (thefame.
with our UpHart the firft of a new Family that obtains a
Goat of Arms) ^nd he who had neither his own nor thofe of-
bis Father's, went under the Name of Ignobilis, as thofe witb
us who have no Right to Armorial Bearings, thus I find-
their Jus Imaginum the fame with our Right of carrying.
Arms.
: It was a. Cuftom with the 'Ro?)ians that were Nobiks, tOi
have the Statues, of their Anceftors, m^de of Wood., Brafs,..
Marble, dxc. and fometimes in Wax-vyork, painted on the^
Face to reprefent with more Exadnefs (as Polybius obferves):
and were drefs'daccording to the Quality of their Pei fons re-.
prefented, if they had been iConfuls, with the Pr^etexta or
long White Robe edged with Purple, it they were.Cenfors,
their Robes were Purple, if they had triumphed, their Habit,,
had Gold Flowers j they were likewife > adorned with the
Hafces or Bundle of. Rod^j their Axes and other Marks ci,
their

6 Of the Origin of A P^M% '^h^^K^h
their Magiftracy, and with the Spoiles taken frbni- the Elaea
my, thefe Statues were kept in their Courts in. a Cabinet ol"
Wood (from whence our CabinetofArtmmdAmbri.Shwher.fi
the feveral Pieces of Honour ot the Nobility are kept) upoit
folemn Days the Preffes or Cabinets were let opm, and the
Statues ornamented, and fet out to View in the Court juflj
before the Porch, and Gates (as now the Nobility and Gentry*
have their Coat of Arms or Armorial Bearings cut in; Stone
or painted in Efcutcheons over their Gates)ithat the People
might behold their Merit and Bravery, and as Valerius Maxi
mum obferves, that a.cowaidly and infignificant Pofterity was
perpetually upbraided by thefe Noble Figures, which, did as
it were tell them how unworthy they were of the Advan-
"tage of their brave Anceftors. When any of. the Family.
died, they were not only fo expofed, but theyj were alio:
carried before the Corps at the Funeral as Enfi^SiofNobility,*
ihisHermanus Hermes obferves in his Fafciculus Juris puMwi^
Pa. 800. and Bafil Kennet in his Roma Antiqme. Notitia^^
tells us the Ro;«^«x brought forth their Imagesat the Funerals.
'of him who had Jus Imaginum, and from this came the
Cuftom of fucceeding Ages to carry at the Funerals of great^
Men their Enfigns of Honour, with the Armorial Bearings^
of their Families from whom they defcended, which by our-
Pradice on Funeral Efcutcheons are call'd Quarters or
branches, of which in another Place. All that can be- con
cluded from fuch Variety of Opinions (which I . have but
overly mentioned) concerning the Origin of Arms, is thaf^
fymbolical Reprefentations have been ufed in all Ages in the
-Field, for Diflindion's fake, and that Shield, Helmets, Bach
and Breaft, and the Surcoats worn over them Iiave had fuch -
ornamental Figures engraven or painted upon them^ and?
that thefe have been wrought into Colours and Standards j
but then if we look upon them in thefe ancient Ages, wq<
muft fay, that thefe Diftindions were only Ornamental and!
not Hereditary Marks or Badges of Nobility, fer araong all
the

Qh^ I. Of ihe 0rigin of A k M S.

the Remains ©f *^heir Triumphal Arches, Tomts, Temples
'mi i&thiev M-otiumentsPf their Antiquity, there is no Ap-
pearniee of Efcutcheons bf Arms, notwithftanding there are
fo¥rje Figures-cut ift formal Shrelds, which were to be feen
•UpoR Tf^Ofh'^nd Amorfinm's Pillars : Auguftus and the
^toeeding' Etn|)erbt«, ordered Images or Reprefentations
upon their "Souldkrs Shields, but then one Figure ferved for
a wholeCompany, andfometimestor a whole Legion.
-To conclude then; if the Ronians had known Arms and
this Science, certainly wehadfeceived from them the Terms
&f that Art, but pn the contrary, we find' them in Gothick
and old F>'f»c& Words, which the ancient Writers of this
Science in Latine put in a barbatous Latine Drefs, and the
modern Writers latinize them, according to the Conceptions
they have of the S^nifications of thefe Figures, which they
often exprefs by Circumlocutions, not agreeabje to the nice
¦Rules of Blazon, fo' 'fis evident enough the Homans knew
not Arms, ndr any Ait about them.
We ftiay date then the Origin of Arms as Hereditary-
Marks (fftondur, foon after the Subveffion of the, Roman ^
Empire by 'the Goths iihd Vandals, ; who funk' many Liberal
'Arts and Sciences, but gave Birth and Life to Herauldry,
|)la^ng it'in the Roomi of Jus' imUginu?n, which was made up
of the Figures of AnimalSj Vegetables, and of other Things
fuitable to fheir Genius, for Diftindion in Time of Battle,
for Ea; Us quibus quifque magis deleSiatur, qudlis etiam ipfe fit
¦cognofcatur. Thus the Sti'ohg anq Magnanimous carried
L^i&Usi, Bohrs, W&lves, (jc. and iiich as took ^P|eafure in
Wit -and Craff, carried Serpents, Dogs, and other Figures
-agreeable. This'being the Pradice of the Conquering Gpthes,
it was afterv^ards thro' the Ambition of fome, and virtuous
Defire of others, continued to reprefent their Progenitors, as
well by carrying the Marks df their Honour, as by bearing
•their Names, and enjoying their Fortunes ; which Natural
Figui'cs being caft in a Form, by Rules, their Ppfition, Dif-
pofitiorj

8 Of the Origin of A KM s. Chap.; J.
^^1 .III I I ¦! li I '. I I ¦ II I .. II \ - ^¦^^^^^¦^iW^— l**.^— ^-^M
pofition. Situation and Colours became hereditJiry and#xed
within the Shield, an Enfign of Flondur frorn which the
Titles Scutifer and Efcuyr became honourable Titles" to di
ftinguifh them from thefe of an inferior Rank ; fo that thefe
Enfigns were alfo defired by others (befides thofe of the Mi
litary Employment) whp juflly thought they merited no
lefs of tlieir Prince by the Service they had performed in their
Civil Capacities, than others did by their Military Atchievet
ments, upon which many Devifes were continued and farmed
into Arws, and fo gave Growth to Armories.
The ancient Devife 'of Rome, S P ^R. became; the
Arnis of that City, being placed Bend-ways between two
" Cotijes Or, in a Blue Vield. Ihree Legs of Men the Deyife
of the Sicilians,' the ancient Poflrcffors of the Ifie of Man,
Taecame thaflfle's Arms, and are ftill carry'd by all thpfe
who pretend, a Defcent from that Ifland, or Right tp it,- and
a Latk, the DeVife of a Ro?nan Governour of Auftria, [b(^
came the. Armorial Figure of that Country, now called, "R^
Arms of Auftria Ancient. It may be eafily made appear,
that many of the Armorial Enfigns of Kingdoms, Cities and
old Families are formed out of :their ancient Devifes, but
fince I am not here to infill upon the Rife of particular Arms,
I forbear to give furtherlnftances, but proceed to th^Gwi£;/|i
of Arms in general. .. ' .''
As is before faid, that the doths and their Northern
:Allies brought in the Ufe of Arms, fo did th^y the F£«^a/
Law, with which Arriis begun and grew up^ which is evi
dent by many Armorial Figures of , old Families reprefenting
the Acknowledgments and Services they were obliged to
perform to tlieir Over- Lords and, Superiors, , as Rofes, Cin-
'cjuefoils. Spur-ravels, Bows and Arrozvs, Hunting-horns, Ships
%c: upon which Account fuch Figures are fr^uent in v^^
mories all Europe over: With us I fhall only mention Two
or Three: Pennycook of That-ilk, an Old Family in Mid-
'Lothan, carried. Or, a Fefs between TIree Hmting-horm Sable,

Chap. I. Of the Origin of Akm s. 9
Sable, Stringed Gules, who by their ancient Tenor of Holr
ding their Lands, they were obliged once a Year to attend
}>n the Forreft of Drumfliech (the common Muir of Edin
burgh, now call'd Barrowmuir) to give a Blaft of an Horn
at the King's Huntings and therefore Sir John Clark of Pen-
nycookhas for Crcft, a Man blowing a Horn, with this Motto,
Free for a Blaft; becaufe his Holding is the fame with that
of the Pennyceoks of That-ilk, the former Proprietors of
thefe Lands. The old Barons of the Countries of Arran
and Lorn,were obliged tofurnifh. a Ship in Tinie of Warto
tlie King, as their old Charters bear, Reddendo unam Navim
liiginti Remorum, upon which Account they carry Ships or
Lymphads, which are ftill continued by the Pofielfors of thefe
Countries, as Feudal Arms. Of which afterwards.' ,
In the Reign of King Charles the Great of France, Arms
¦were ef great Efteem, for which fee Fayins's Theatre of
Honour, and Bartholometfs Shafa in his Catalogue of the Glory ,
of the World; who fay, that, that King not only conftituted
the Twelve Peers of France, but regulated the Ufe of Arms,
and that Charlemaign gave Arms to Pope Leo III. which
they fay are to be feen on the Remains of the ancient Re-
fe^ory of St. John de Lateran. M. Alfonius Ciaconius
jBiacenfis, an Italian, in his Treatife of the Lives and Man
ners of the Popes and Cardinals, (which is in the Library of
the College of Edinburgh) where fuch of the Popes that
had Armorial Enfigns, gives them engraven in that Treatife,
beginning with Pope Fdix III. Anno 487. and then of feve-
•ral others, vouched from Monuments and Records: And
when he comes to Pope Leo III. whofe Arms he gives u%
being Six Rofes difpofed Orle-ways, which Infignia gentilitia
(fays he) Leonis Pa. 3. Rom. in Patriarchio Lateranenfi in
Aula Cardli Magni ; and fo tells us of the Arms bf othei:
Popes his Succeffors, where they were to be found. All the
prench Writers of the Anions of thofe Ages tell us, that,
that Great King, befides others, honoured the Frifelanders
3 and

JO Of the Origin of A K u s, Ghap. I.
and Scots with Enfigns of Honour for their good Services in
his Wars. ^ . ¦
I fhall only mention here that Royal Additamerrtj the
Double Treffure fiower'd with Flower-de-lifjes,i^e Badge and
Memorial of that Famous and Ancient Alliance betweeh
Charlemaign and Achaius King of Scotland, begun in the
Year 792. which for many Ages continued entile till of
late ; the Treffure Flowerie encompafles the Lyon of
Scotland, to ftipw that he fhould defend the Flow^r-de-
liffes, and thefe to qontinue a, Etefence to the Lion, the an
cient Imperial Enfign of Scotland fince Fergus I. ' ,_
Bonaventura Strachan, in his Manufcript, (a Copy of
which is in the Lawyers Library in Edinburgh) fays, the
Kings of Scotland had of Old for their Imperial Enfign, Or,
a Lion Rampant Gules ; afterwards, in IMemory of, the
League with France, the Double Trait or Treffure flowered
with Lillies the Armorial Figures of France, were added
in the Banner of Scotland : For this he cites Arnoldus Uvion
an ancient Writer, who in his Book entitled, Additiones aA
Lignum Vittt, fays, Leonem rubeum in aurea planiti primum
effe Regwn Scotorum Stemma, Leonem vera cum Liliis cir-
cumpofitis Stemma fecundum.
The Antiquity of our Imperial Enfign, and the League
with Charlemaign, are fo fiiliy inftrufted, by our own and
Foreign Writers, Ancient and Modern, that I need not infift
by adding a long Catalogue of Authors, but recommend
the Curious to Sir George Mackenzie's Science of Herauldry,
and to Sir Robert Sibbald M. D. his Anfwer to a Letter of.
the Bifljop of Carlifle about the fame. Anno 1704. ' ;
For the better underftanding of the Antiquity, Progrefi;,
and Improvement of Armories, as we now have them, I
feall mention here Two grand Occafions, which were Tour
naments and Croijades.
Tournaments are defcribed, Sole?nn Meetings at great Fe-
jiivaJs,, where Nobles and Gentlemen performed martial Ex-
ercifes

Chap. 1. Of the Origin 0/ A r m s» 11
 • ¦ ¦¦-- ¦- ¦¦ ••• '¦¦ 'n-' - .11 ¦ t. 1,1.,  . .11,,. ¦- .1-.-. . — ¦ I ' —
ercifes by Combating together in Defpart. Thefe military Ex-
ercifcs began in Germany, in the Beginning of the Tenth
Century : Some, fay they were in Ufe in France long be
fore that Tiine, into which none were admitted but fuch
as were truly Noble, and had Armorial Enfigns, as is evident
{xovn the French, German and Englifh Writers. Favin ont
of Francifcus M&divss PandeCla Triumphaks, tells us, That
the Emperor Hepry Sirnamed the Birder, Duke of Saxoity,
m the Year 9 16. decreed to bring in Jujis and Tournaments
by folemn Ordinances, and gave Commandment that the
Palatine of the Rhine and the Duke of Bavaria fhould
give in Writing Laws for regulating thofe Meetings;
which they accordingly digefted into Twelve Articles, in
Imitation of thefe of France. By one of thefe Articles it
was decreed. That no Man fhould be admitted into thefe
Feftivals of Arms who was not a Gentleman of Armories,
and of Npbk Defcent. Sagar None King of Artns in Eng
land, in his Treatife of Honour Military and Civil, Lib.^.
tells us the feme, that none could be admitted into thefe
military Exercifes but Gentlemen well-born, and whocar^
ried the Arms of their Anceftors.
Tournaments, Juftings, Haftiludes, Tiltings, being the
fame military Exercifes were ufed thro' all Europe. Favin
gives Account of 37 Tournaments folemnized in Germany;
John Stow, in his Survey of London, gives us feveral fo
lemnized there, and the forementioned Sagar gives an Ac
count of fome, and of one held by King Edward III. where
King David II. of Scotland carried the Honour and Prize.
Ihave met with feverals folemnized with us. Three by King
William at Roxburgh, Edinburgh and Stirling, and another by
Alexander III. at the Marriage^of his Son at the Caftle of
Roxburgh ;^and feveral others afterwards, which I forbear
here to mention, or treat of their Forfns or Ceremonies, (till
another Occafioh) which gave Rife to the trimming of
Shields t>f Arms with Coronets, Helmets, Mant lings,
B'2 Crefts

I a, Of the Origin of Ak u s.  Chap;. L
Crefts and Supporters, of which particularly in another-
Treatife.. 'Tis evident, that Arms were in ufe before Tournaments ;^
for by the Laws of their Inftitution, none were admitted into
thefe military Exercifes but fuch as were truly Noble, and
carried the Armorial Enfigns of their Progenitors.
As for Croifades, or the Expeditions to the Wars in the-
Holy Land agamSi the Infidels, they gaveOccafion of bearing'
feveral hitherto unknown Figures in Arms, fuch as the Be
zants, Martlets, Alerions, JDUtefpecially an indefinite Nuni-,-
ber of Croffes, which are to be feen in Arms thro' Europe;
for thofe who undertook thefe Expeditions receiv'd from the
Hands of Bifhops and. Priefts little Crofles made of Cloath
or Taffeta, which they fowed on their Garments, for which
thefe Expeditions were called Croifades. The Firft of them.
began in the Year 1096. in which almoft allChriftian Na
tions engaged, and took upon them the Crofs, as their way;
of fpeaking was then; the Forms and Fafhions of it could'
not butfbe as various as Fancy could invent^ to difference
many Companies of different Nations, which became to ma
ny of them afterwards their Armorial Figures, to thefe who
had no /^r;;?/ formerly, and even to thefe who had 0/^ i^r7«j\,
and difufed them for the Love they bore tP the Crofs.
I fhall give a few Inftances ot the laft, for the Antiquity .
and Progrefs of Armories ; there is extant a Collection of
Arms of thofe whp went to the Holy Land, by the Advice
of Claremont^ (as Menefirier tells us) who lived under Pope
Urban II. Favin in hh Theatre of Honour,, gives us a parti
cular Lift of thofe who changed in the Three fucc^ffive
Expeditions to the Holy War, amongft whom are thefe,
Godfrey de Bullogne Duke of Lorrain, principal Leader of
the Firft Croifade, carried for his Arms a Hart Gules, but
dter the taking of Jerusalem, betook Three Allerions on a
Bend, to reprefent the Three Birds which he fhot with an
Anowoff aTower at the Siege of, Jerufalem, which are- t3

Chap. I. Of the Origin of Akm s. r^.
to this Day in Honour of him, continued for the modern
Arms pf thatDutchy. Baldwin oi Cologne' carried Pallee of
Six, Argent, and. Sable, but being in the Croifade G(j»fi2/(?»/>>',
i..e. Standard-bearer to the Church took a Gonfannon (the
Enfign of the Church)> of Three Pendants Qules, fringed
Or : Hugh Aymont Count of Tholofe left his Paternal Arms^
Gules, a Ham Argent horned Qr, but when in the Holy Land
he was made Prince of Antioch, took for his Armorial Figure^
a, Crofs Clechee, and Pometee Or.. Cambden in his Book en
titled, Ihe Remains of Britain, tells us many Arms were
altered in the Expeditions to the Holy Wari, and the fame
may be faid to have been done with us, of v/hicb fome In
ftances will occur afterwards, when I fpeak ot the change of
Arms. By thefe Cwifades the Pra(^lice of Arms was much im^
proved all Europe over,, and gave an Encreafe of various
Forms of Croffes and other Figures before-mentioned, which.
has made fome look no further back, but afcribe the Origin
of Armories to the Croifades.
Some will have the Rife of Arms much later than the
Date I have given, them, bringing the firft Cuftom of their.
carrying from the Croifades,. becaufe (fay they) their Pradice
is no fooner to be found upon Tombs and Monuments of
the Dead (as in Mr. Collier's Didionary, and in the Supple->
ment to it) that Clement the Fourth was the firft Pope that
had Arms upon his Tomb, An. 1268; and that if there are any
Monuments that appear more ancient than the Tenth or
Eleventh Century with Arms upon them, it^ wiU be found,
if the Matter is well examined, that they, have been repaired
or new made.
And as for Seals with Arms upon them,, they tell us there
that the eldeft Seal to.be found is that of Robert le Frifon
Earl of Flanders, affix'd to aninftrument, dated 1072.
Upon Coins Arms are much later, the firft they inftance^
are. upon thefe of Philip de Valois,. cpined in the Year j^66, with,;

 Ill J II II ¦— —^—,^—*— —————— ^—¦^¦^^— I — — — ¦  ¦
14 .C^ the Origin of Akm s. Ghap. I.
witli the Shield of the Royal Arms of France : And laftly,
they fay, That Arms could be no fooner than Sirnames,
which were not known till the Tenth Century, and the
ancienteft Arms being. Rebufes or Parlantes, that is fpeaking
ones, which exprefs the Owner's Sirname, coulcf be no
fooner. Tp which I fhall anfwer, firft in General, and then in
Particular. It is ftrahge that Arms, known to be Military Marks of
Honour for the Field fhould be fought after for their firft
Pradice on Dpmeftickand Civil Things, and not on Military
Inftruments, fuch as the Shield, Surcoat, Enfigns, Standards,
and Banners, from which Arms have their Being and
Names. Thefe Military Inftruments indeed were not fufficientof
themfelves upon the Account of theDefed of their Nature,
being of Linen or Taffetia, oi no long Endurance, fo could
not he handed down to Pofterity. with their Figures ; where
fore fome Ages after, their Reprefentations were placed on
Tombs and Seals as more lafting Monuments to perpetuate
them, and their Ufe, 'and fuch was before the Time conde-
fcended on.
To the Inftance of Clement the Fourth being the firft Pope ¦
that had Arms on his Tomb, I fliall here mention another of
more Antiquity, viz. The Arms of Pope Leo the Third,
which Charle-maign -gave to him, and are to be feen, as
Filibert Campaneil tells us, on the Remains of the ancient
Refedory of St. John de Lateran in Rome, and as M. Alfo
nius Ciaconius before-mentioned gives us the fame, with
feveral others, other two of which I fhall here briefly
mention, viz. Pope Honorius the Firft, in the Year 622,
has for his Anns Azur a Crofs patee Argent, as on the Chap-
pel or Clofet of S. Anetis, the Words of our Author are.
Ex (dfide 5. Anetis, Honorii. 1. Papte Infigne habetur, and
Pope John the Fourth, in 639, Venantii Filius ex codice
Cjefario,

Chap. I. Of the Qrig^ of A k us. ly
Cagfario, ^ttarterty Gules and Or i and befide, he gives their
In/ignia Pia made up of the Letter P. furmounted with a
Cr^s interlaced and accompanied with the Initial Letters of
the Pc^s Naples, for which fee his Book in the Library of
the College of Edirvburgh.
For the Antiquity of Arms upon Seals, I fliall not trouble
my Reader here with a Numei'ation of Antiquaiies, but only
mention two, the Learned Selden in his Titles of Honour,
Lib. 2. Chap. 2. iays. That we meet with Golden Seals pf
the French Kings aod Wax ones ef the $ubjeds between the
Years 600 and 700, faftiipned with Efcutcheons and Coats
of Arms. And Beckmannus in his NotitJa Dignitatum.
Rom. Imp. Differt. 6. Cap.^. tells us the ancient Kings of
France had on their Seals formal Shields of Arms as now
ufed J liis Words are,
' Non folum Pippini Regis (^ Sigiberti fed Dagaberti etiam
Chartasf lures Aureit Sigillis roboratas, (^ quod magis eftfcuta
in S^^isexhiient£s juD^a regulas hodiernas fteciaiium SchoU
mfignita. As for the ferft Inftance they give us of a Seal, with a
Shield of Arms upon it, being that of Rohm le Frifon's, there
feems to be two' of more Antiquity than his, belonging to
the Earls of F/^W^rj; his Predeceflbrs, which are to be found
alfo in that elaborate Treatife De Sigillis Comitum Flandrite
by the learn'd and ingenious Otivarim Ureditfs, who gives
us, Firft, An Impreffion of the Seal of Arnulphus the Great,
Earl of Flanders, affixed (not appended) to an Inftrument,
k the Year 941, upon which is his Image and a Shield
hangmg sabout his Neck inclining tP his right Hand, charged
with a Figure, which Antiquity had defaced, fo that our
-Author could not difcover it upon the principal Seal, but
gives Tome iaint Marks of it, oil the ImprefSpni, with, this
Defcription, Adharet affixum Sigillum fcMo in Brachimn
deUrum s Collo deprndente, quoniam vero id Symbpl'Q infigni-

1 6 Of the Origin of Akm s.' Chap. I.
tufn fuerit pro vetuftate non apparet; yet here was a Shield
-charged with a Figure, tho' defaced.
Thenextlmpreffionof a Seal this Author gives us is that
of Baldwin Eari of Banders, appended by a L<i^^/ tP anin
ftrument in the Year 1034, of anEqueft'rian Form, after the
¦Fafhion of Pther Princts in Europe, having a Man onHorfe-
back, and upon his left Arm, a Shield, caft back, fo that the
inner Side of the Shield is only feen, and the Figure on the
-outer Side abfconded, which if he' had been made to carry
the Shield right before him, it's not to be doubted, but the
Lyon of Flanders would have been as well feen as that Lyon
on his Succeffors Robert le Frifon his Seal, Anno 1072-, who
is made to carry his Shield right before him, and he had not
-been mentionedt he firft who had a Seal of Arms of Flanders.
Our Author likewife tells us that fuch Perfons are deceiv'd
who alfert that Philip Earl of Flanders was the iirft that took
-a Lyon for the Arms of Flandert, when he was one of the
d'Oifadetothe Holy Land, and the Lyon for Flanders was
long in Ufe before that Time, for Robert le Frifon, before
^mentioned, carriedthe Lyon -feventy Years before that Time,
-as alfo Philip carried the Lyon fixtee-n Years before, he went
to the Holy Land, and for Afliirance, our Author tells us he
had thefe Seals in his Cuftody, which he gives us affixed to
Inftruments in his before-mentioned Treatife.
I prefume there may be two Miftakes thro' Inadvertency,
'that have made fome aflert that Arms were no fooner bn'Seals
- than the Eleventh Century : The firft, I conceive, Was in not
adverting to the Diftindion, which fPme Antiquaries give of '
Sigillum Imaginis and Sigillum Armsrum ; for great Men of
'old had two different Seals, one with their Image, and ano-'
ther with their Arms, fometimes ufing the one, and foraer
times the other. Alexander the firft of that Nanie King of
Scotland, Son of King Malcolm Cdnmore, ends his Charter
'^of Foundation of the Church of Scoon (Sir James Dalryinple's
'^Gplledions, Pag. 373.) thus. Ego Alexander Dei Gratia Rex

chap. I. Of the Origin cf Ak m s. if
Rex Scotorum propria Manu hdc confirko dr Sigillo mea
Maginis hacconfirmo. Here he would not have mentioned"
the Seal of his Image if he had not ufed fometimes the Seal
of his Arms, which two afterwards were .joined in one Seal
which made a Face and Reverje.
Amongft the Seals of the old Earls, of Dumbar ( penes
Cotnkem de Morton) I have feen one oi Patrick Earl of
Dumbar appended to a Charter of hisaboxit the Year 1223,
where upon the one Side he is reprefented on Horfeback,
and the Legend round it, Stgillurfi Patricii Com it is de Dumbar,
and on the other, or Reverfe, Was the ImprefThDn of a triangular
Shield with Arms, and the Legend round it, Sigillum Ar-
morum. The Popes had likewife two Sorts of Enfigns, as Ciaconius
Biacenfis before-mentioned gives u-^, Infignia Pia and Infignia
Gentilitia, the- firft are made up of Charaders, fuch as a
P. for Pontifex, furmounted of a Crofs and accompanied
with the initial Letters of the Popes Names j and the other
Infignia Clentilitia, which confifted of the Heraldriack
Figures of their Families, which both Enfigns are placed in
Oval Cartuches, accoiding to the Cuflom of the Italians,
The Antiquity of thefe two Sorts of Enfigns of the Popes
I have mentioned before in fome Inftances, and thefe, no
Doubt, were on different Seals which the Popes made ufe
of on different Occafions, fometimes the one, and fometimes
the other, as the fecular Princes did fometimes with their
Sigillum hnaginis and Sigilluin Armoruin, when on diftind
Seals, before they were joined upon one Seal to make a.
Face and Reverfe.
The other Miftake, and that right common, proceeded
alfo fi'om not adverting tothe Fafhion or the Pofture of the
Man on Horfeback on Seals, in holding his Shield on his left
Arm, firom the Beginning of the Eleventh Century to the
Middle of the Twelfth, which Fafhion was by making the
Man to cafl: back his left Arm with the Shield, fo that the
C Concave

I? Of the Origin of Akm s. Ghap. I.
Concave or inner Side of it was only feen, and the Figure?
on the Convex or outer Side were abfconded ; which Pofture
was not only ufed in, Flanders, but even by the French and
Normands in England and with us about the foVefaid Times :,
For which fee Olivarius Uredius, and Sandford^s Genealpgica,!,
Hiftory of England, which gives us theSeal's ofthe Norman.
William the Conqueror, in the fame Pofture with thefe q£ his
Sons : His I fhall here defcribe. He is reprefented in one#ide
pf his Seal in a Throne, holding a Sword by his right Hand,
and by his left an Imperial Globe ; on the other Side he is
reprefented armed at all Points on Horfeback, hplding a Spear
with a Pennon by his right Hand, and on his left Arm a
Shield, the Convex or inner Side next Co the Sight by the,
qafting back of the Arm, as the Fafhion then was;, fo that the
Figures on the outfide of theShield are not feen, his Sons and
Succeffors William. Rufm and Henry the Firll have their Shields.
fo, the Mao in the fame Pofture on their Seals, giyen us by
Sandfordi fo that others would conclude (not adverting, that
in the Tenth Century no fuch Fafliipn was ufed, but the Man
carry'd his Shield of Arms right before him) that Arms were
?iot in \Jfe on SealsinEnglandxill the Return pf Richard the
Firft from the Holy Land, who had on his Seal, a, Man on.
Horfeback, with a Shield in the ordinary ancient Pofture,
charged with three Leopards, and fay that thefe are the proper
Arms of England- then alfumed by the faid King, and not
thefe of Normandy and Aquitain; but mo;e of this in the
Detail of the Arms of. Britain..
The Seals of Arms of our Kings,, which the curism Mi\ .
James Anderfon hascolleded and caufed to be finely ingraven,
have their Equeftrian Sides, after thq fame Fafhion with thofe
before-mcntionedi making the Man on Horfeback to caft
back his left-Arm, with the Shield, fo that the inner-fide of
the Shield is only feen, aqdthe/^wwon the outer-fide abfcon-,
ded J and this Pofture of the Man on our Kings Seals continued
irpm the Middfe of the Eleventh Century till the Thirteenth^ that.

Ghap. I. Of the Origin of A km s. 79
tbat Pn tbe Ecjueftrian -^ide Pf the Seal of Alexander the
Third he is reprefented on Horfeback,- with a Shield on his
left Ami right before, fp that the Artiis are fully feen, being,
a Lyon Rampant within a double Ireffure, flowred and
Counte^fiowred v^th Fl&wer de Lifes'; will any conclude then,
that Piir Kings had no Arms before Alexander the Third's
Reign, becaufe they were not feen upon his Predeceffors
Seals, by theFafliion ot cafting back the Arm with theShield,
and that Alexander who -carried his Shield tight before, was
the firft of our Kings that had Arms. But to proceed.
As for the Ufe of Arms cm Coins, we find it long before
tliat Pradice of Philip de-Valois; Olivarius Uredius in his fore-
cited Treatife, tellstis, That he had fixteen Pieces of Silver
Coins ot William Earl of Flanders Anno 1 127, which had
Sields of Arms, he gives us the Tmpreffion of two of them
in his faid Treatife, which I here defcribe : On the one Side is
a Man in Armour, holding in Ms right Hand a Sword, and
upon his left Arm, a Shield Gironee of Eight, and on the
other Side a Crofs: The other Piece of Coin has a Man alfo,
in Armour holding a Sword, and on his left Arm a Shield
charged with a Lyon Rampant, the Armorial Figure of
Flanders, and on the other Side of the Coin a Crofs Lozengee
cantoned with four Cinqu'efoils ; in Sir Alexander^ Balfour's
Colledions of Coins and Medals, there was a Gold Coin of
¦one of the Alexanders' Kings of Scotland (which was given
in to him by the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Home,.
which his Lordfhip was pleated to acquaint me witli) upon
which was a Shield with the Arms of Scotland, there are to
be -feen in the Colledions of G/«j- and Medals, by Mr. James
Sutherland in the Lawyers Library in Edinburgh, a Piece of
Gold tolhed'by King Robert the Firft, w*tfo began his Reign
1306, upPn which are the Ann s of Scotland in a4oiTna!
triangular Shield, timbred with an open Crown, and on the
•other Side is St.' Andrew expanded on his Crofs, between two
Flower-de-lifes, with this Circumfcription round, Dominm
C -2 . Prste-^w

 1.-1 II- I II --' — - - . - -. - ^-—l  ¦¦¦- I .1. . . I. ...-  - I— - .
30 Of the Origin of Akm s. Chap. I.
Protestor (^ Liberator meus. There's another Gold Coin of
King Robert the II. with the Shield of Axnx^of Scotiarid on
the one Side, and St. Andrew on the other, with this Cir-'
cumfcription, Chiftm regnat, Chriftmvincit, Chriftus imperat ;
Thefe are fufficient to fliow that Amis were as anciently on
Coins with us, as with others, whp would bring the fifft
Ufe of Arms from Coins and Seals, whofe Ofigiq can no
more be taken from fuch Things, than now from Cpacfees.
As to tbeir other Argument, That Jpmking Arms are th^.
moft ancient ones, and.£ould be no fooner thaw Sirnames,
which began abput the Tenth Century. It is anfwered.
That Canting Arms or Parlantes are not the oldeft,; and
Arms were long in ufe before 5ir«<j;//^.(', to diftinguifh Fa- '
milies and tbeir Defcendants, for which they were called
the ancient filent Names, and many Sirnames were taken-
froni the Owners Arms, and for which they were calfed
fpeaking Arvis, as Sir John Fern tells us in his Glory of Ge-
nerofiiy, Pag. 230. That Hugh the fii-ft Earl of Chejkr, be
caufe he carried the Head of a Wolf on his Shield of Aims^
was firnamed Dtlonp, from Lupm a Wolfi and Roger Mal-
meins ( a Baron as ancient as the Conqueft of England) had
that Sirname, becaufe he carried fpr Arms Azure Three fi^
nifier Hands Argent, and fo of many others. The forecited
Beckmarm fays, that the Nobility of Sweden have moft of
their Sirnames of late from their ancient Arnvqrial Figures,
whofe Words follow in Differt. ix. Cap.^. Olim Nobilitatem
Suedicam rariffime Cognomina ufurpajfe prater patranimica,. [
Jed ittde non levis perturbatio veterum Familiarum nepotibm
relief a fuit, ejus evitandi gratia ; Nobiles nunc ab inj^ibtt^
Cognomina fumunt. "' -
Rebufes or Caftting Arms (fay fome) are never prefumed ^
to beNpble, (far lefs then, to be the Ancier\teft) becaufe it is
prefum'd, that if the Bearers had done any generous Adioft:*
which defer ved Arms, they had never recurr'd to their Names.
This Rule holds npt ftill true, fays Sir George Mackenzie', in

Giiap. I. Of the. Origin of Akm s. 21
in h\$, Science of Herauldry 9 Pa. 5. for of Old fome Men got
their Lands as a Reward of great Adipns, and Sirnames came
not in Mode with us till King Malcolm Canmore, and then
nia.ny took their Sirnames from the Land they ppflefs'd, and
fuited their Amis to their N^nies, to the End it might be
known that they were Heritors of fuch Places ; for which
Caufe likewife we find that Chiefs of Families are ordina
rily of That-ilk, i. e. with us, that their Names and Lands
are the fame.
Since I am fpeaking here of Sirnames, it will not be im
proper tp fhow that the Hereditary Pradice of Sirnames to
all the Iflfue of Families, was not fo foon with us as fome
think. 'Tis true, Malcolm Canmore may be faid to have given
Rife to Sirnames5 for before, and till the Middle of his Reign,
therjE were only patronimick Names, which that wife King
fmding to be the Qiufe erf" Clubs and Cabals called Clans,
he, to divide and brea^ them, did endeavour to ioofe the
Ligament of the patronimick Names, by encouraging all
on whom he cpnferr'd any Titles of Honour and Lands, to
take Denpmin.ations or Defignations from them : To which
Defi[gn a Stop is prefum'd to have been put as to other
Reformations, by his ufurpii^ Succeffors Donald Bane his
Brother, and Duncan his B^ftard ; fo that thefe Denomina
tions from Lands could not in his Reign, nor in his Son's
after him, be brought in to fuch a Form, as to be called pro
perly Sirnames, which defcend to all the Ilfue Male and
Female, for thefe Denominations remain'd only with the
Heads pf the Family, and nothing was tranfmitted to the
younger Sons (who might take what Denomination they"
pleafed),.but the Armorial Figures of tbe Family by which
only their Defcenjs were known, which would eminently
jropear from Genealogical Dedudians of the beft of our an-
. eienteft Npble Families, if I were to infift upon them here ;¦
Yet

2 2 Of the Origin 'of A K M s. Chap. I
Yet to givethe Reader fomeldea bf the Matter, I ihall add
a few Inftances, tho' out -of my Road,
'Gilchrifi the firft Earl of Angus created by Malcolm Can-
more, was fucceeded by Gillybride Earl of Angus, aud he
again by his Son Gilchrift, and he by his Son another Cxil-
chrift Earl ot Angus, who was forfeited, and that Earldpm
given to David Earl of Huntingtoun, BrPfher to King Willi^
am, who Was fucceeded by his Son John Sirnamed Scot.
¦Our ancient Herauld Books give Arms to thofe old Earls,
but as for their Siniames, and of David's and John's, they
cannot be met with in any Records or Charters.- There are
-of late fome foiall Families ot the Name pf Angus, whieh
is prefumed to be from the Country where they were
¦born, and not^ by Defcent from the old Earls of that De-
-fignation. ' ,-
As for the Old Earls df M^r, there is no Appear^ce
that Mar was a Sirname to that Family and its Defced-
dantsin King Malcolm Canmore' s andhis Son's Reigns, not
"till his "Great-grand-children's Reigns, but a Title or
Defignation, which remained with the Chief ofthe Family;
yet we have their ancfent Arms continued by other Families
of different Sirnames, (who became Earls of Mar) either.
upon the Account of their Alliance, or for the Honour of
the Feu ; and the fame may be faid of other ancient Fami
lies with us, as the old Earls of Galloway, Strathern, Cath-'
nefs and Orkney, of whom afterwards. '•
I ihall only add here other Two Inftances bf Two ancient'
Families, whofe Defignation from 'Lands and Office did not'
for many Years defcend to the younger Cliildren of thefe
Tamilies as Sirnames. ^
The Firft then is, of the old Earls of Dunbar, Who are
known both by our Kings Charters and their own, to have
had their Seals of Arms appended to Evidences affoort as any
in tile Kingdom, and that Ibhg before Dunbar became a
"Sirname to thelffue of that Family. The firft. yotinger Brp-
' ,. ther

^^^^^^—^—-^-J-~f—^-^——^^^^^^^^—^^—-—^~— ¦ . II I ) I I
Chap. I. Of the Origin of A k m s. 23
ther of this Family who made Appearance in the Worlds
was William Son of Walter Earl of Dunbar,, the firft Proge
nitor of the Family of Home,, who carried the White Lion
of the Earl of D«»^ar in a. Green Field, (to difference from'
his paternal Family) as relative to his firft Ddignation, Do-
minus de Greenlaw,. and.defign'd themfelves Domini de Home,.
which became a Sirnai^ie to the Family,, as by. a Charter iii
the Year 1268. granted to the- Abbacy of Kelfo, by Willi-
elnius Dominic deYiome, Filius (^ Hares Nobilis Viri Wil-
lielmi de Rome, Militis quondam Domini dif la Villa de
Home; fo that Home was not only the Denomination but
likewife the Sirname of that Family, Home being twice
repeated, as a Sir.name and Defignation..
The Second Inftance of the Hereditary Pradice of Arms
before Sirnames were Hereditary to a]} the Defcendants,
is in the illuflrious Family of Stuart, as we have it in the
Genealogical, and, Hiftorical Account of that Family, by.
the ingenious Mr. David Simpfon Hiftoriograph^r for Scot
land. Walter the Son of Fleanch the Son of Banquho,.. w-as by
King Malcolm III. created Hereditary Senefcal,, or Steward of
Scotland,.., and from that Office was defignedin Latin., Da-
pjfer ScotisB, and fometimes Senefcaljus Scotiae, (which two
Words fignify .the fame Office, being v^ry extenfive, im
port feveral Capacities, as Adminiftrator of the Revenues of
the Crown and Exchequer, and Commander of the Sove
reign's Armies, ^quaj to the Grand Ma/'rr^ de Palais or Ma
jor Domo in France) which Defignat.ion was not tranfmitted
to his younger Sons, but to the Eldeft. He died, in -i 093 .
living behind him Four other Sons, who either having patro
nimick Names, or affuming other Defignations than that
from their Fathers Office, their Memories ,are fwallowed up
in diftind Families hardly to be gueffed at, but by their Ar
morial Fjgujre the Fefs chequee. . Alrni^ ,

24 , Ofthe Origin of Arms. Chap. L
Alan, the eldeft Son of Wahgr, focceeded Second Heredi
tary Lord Great Stewart of Scotland, arid was defign'd in
Charters Senefcallus and Dapifer Scotias ? He died Anno
II J3. and left Three Sons, i. Walter, who fucceeded. 2.
Adam, defign'd Filius Alani in the Charters of Coldin-
gham, .Melrojs and Caldftream. 3. Simon, is in Charters-
defign'd Brother to Walter Dapifer; he was Father to Robert,
defigned in the Regifter of Paiffy, Nepos Alani Dapifer i;
but this Robert took upon him the Name of Boyd, which
became a Sirname to all his Defcendants, and was the Firft
of that Name and Noble Family of Boyd, who.are Stuarts
by Blood and Boyds by Sirname, and who carry for Arms ,
Azure a Fefs chequee Argent and Gules, the old Figure of
the Family of Stuart, with the Variation of Tindutes for
Difference from the principal Stem, bearing Or a Fefs
chequee Azme and Argent. This Robert is the firft Cadet we
meet with of the Noble Family of Stuart that took a Sir-
name to himfelf and his Defcendants. We find none again
who tPok on a Sirname till we come to the Iffue of Wd-
ter. Fifth Hereditary High Stewart of Scotland, who deceas'd'
in the Year 1241. and left Four Sons, the eldeft Alexan
der, Hereditary High Stuart of Scotland, and from him the
Name of Stuart became a Hereditary Sirname afterwardko
all the lOfue of that illuflrious Family. As for the Second
Son John, he was kill'd at the taking of the Town of Da-
miata in Egypt; and of the Fourth Son ^%"^;«, we have no
Account ot his Iflue. But the Third Son Walter took on
him the Sirname of Stuart; for he's defign'd in Charters,
Waltems Senefcallus Filius Walteri Senefcalli Scotia. And
after, Anno 1263. he is defign'd, Walteriis Senefcallus
Comes de Mpnteth, /. e. Walter Stuart Earl of Montetk;
which Earldom he got in Right bf his Wife, a Daughter
and one of the Co-heirs of Walter Cu?ning Earl of Monteth.-
Fie had Two Sons, Firft Alexander, defign'd in Charters 1286.

Chap. 1. Of the Origin of A k M s. « 25:
—I _^.iii.^ ¦ 11. ¦ ..¦i..— I— ,.— ,  -¦ , —II ,, -  — ¦¦ ¦
1286. Alexander f/ff Mooteth FUius Cofmtis -de M<!>nteti\
and after his Father's Deatb, Earl of MfWtef^B.
The fecond Son John;,: Amo 1257. is defign'd Johan
nes de Monteth. By thefe and many otiier Remarks, our
Author above-mentioned obferves, that thefe two Sons at-
fumed the Sirnames of Monteth. This Earl Alexander had
Three Sons, Alan and Alexander fucceffively Earls of
Monteth, and the Third Son Alexander Monteth, of whom
the Menteths of Rusky, who for Proof that they are Stuarts
by Blood and Monteths by- Name, they cany the Fefs cheque-e
of the Stuart Bendways in a Field Or, with a little Varia
tion of the Colour Blue to Black for Difference.
I fhall infift no longer here upon the Defcent of Sirnames-,
being out of my Road ; but only put the Reader in Mind
tb confider how many ancient Families there are with us
who have carried of Old, and do continue to do, the fame
Armorial Fibres, as Lions', Boarheads,^c. withlittle Varia-
tfons, to fhow their Defcent from one Stm?ne, and have had
always different Sirnames; and on the other Hand, there are
likewife many Families whoha\e one Sirname., but different
.Armorial Figj^es, whicli'is 6notig|i, to convince, that Arms
could not have their Orlgm from Sirnaines. '
"^ To put an End to thl^Cfmptfer,, I ib.all only mention the
Opinion of others, who briii% the Origin of Arms firom the
contending Parties, the Gibl^lms sni, the Guelphs in the Em
pire and Italy; the Firft for the Prerogative of the Emperor,
the other for the Supremacy of the Pope. The Emperor, to
feonour and reward his Friends-, gave them Part .of theltn-
perial Bearing, fuch as Eagles, under different linfiures and
Diffiofitions, in the Year 1260. Pi^e Clement IV. above-
mentioned, that be might net be behind with the Empe
ror, iathe Year 1255. gave to his Religious FpUowers the
Guelphs, for Enfigns, an Eagle ftandingupon the Back of a
Thagon, wkh the Motto, Fac mecmn Domine fignum in-bo-
- ' D -ntrntb

2 6 Ofthe Definition and Divifion of A r m s. Chap. U
mm, as the before-mentioned GSfowW tells us, in hisTrea
%ife. Of the Uves and Manners of the Popes.
The Import of all this is, that it was ufual for Princes t<
grant Arms to fuch as wanted, and to augment the Arm
of others with Additaments of Honpur; of-which Pradio
many Inftances may be given of many old Families in //a/>
who continue to carry with their paternalArms foch additi
onal Marks of Honour; and, from that Time it maybe faid
Arms of Augmentation and Conceffion tPok their Rife, o
which afterwards. But to proceed to. the Definition of Ac
ijiories and their Kinds.,

C H 4 P. II.
the T)efimiio^ of Arms, anc
the Diviflon of them inioiheh
feveral Sfecies.

Regular Defitiitipnpf Armories w'^ll fet right all the
different 5j?^c/</, and diftinguifh them from illegit
mate Ones.,
I define Arms, Hereditary Marks of Honour, regularly cmi
pos'd of certain Tinctures and' Figures, granted or. authorise
by Sovereigns, for diftinguifhing, differencing, and iltuftratik
Perfons, Families and Cominunities*
Th

Chap. II. ' Ofthe Defimtion and Divifion of Akm s. 27
T^eKind, the Difference, the Form, and the End of Ar
mories, are thefe :
1 . The Word Armories is a general Term that is common
tb all forts of Enfign's of Honour.
2. Hereditary Marks of Honour, regularly compos' d of (Cer
tain Tin^ures and Figures, are diftinguifh'd from Symbols,
Emblems and Devifes,. which are but Temporary, and are
compofed of any Colours or Figures.
3. In the Third Place, granted or authorized by Sovereigns,
they differ alfo from arbitrai-y Marks, foch as thefe alfum'd
by the Ignoble at their own Hand, and which cannot be
call'd Enfigns of Honour however fo like Arms, for, nemo
potefi dignitatem fibi arrogare ^e principis licentia, nbne can
alTume Marks of Honour without the Allowance of tht
fovereign Power: Arms being only allow'd to the Noble,
fo the Ignoble are difchai^ed the Ufe of them by the Laws
of allwell governed Nations.
4. The Words, For diftinguifhing, differencing, and iilu>
ftrating Perfons, Families, and Com-?; unities, fhow the Three
principal Ends of Armories: The Firft is, to diftinguifh the
Noble from the Ignoble, the Worthy from the Unworthy:; be
ing, Marks of Honour, conferr'd by Princes upon their well-
deferving Subjeds, and their Families, in^ Reward of their
virtuous Adions, and brave Attempts, of which I am tb
treat in the firft and fecond Part of the Science of Herauldry,
(which I defign to publifh with all poffible Diligence) as
principal and paternal Arms, defcribing their Tinctures and
Figures, proper and natural, with their fuitable Blazons.
By principal or paternal Artns, I mean thofe of Chief Fami
lies, by which they are diftinguifhed from pne another ; as
the Ancient and* Princely Family of the StUarts and its
Branches, are diftrnguiflied by their Fefs> chequee Argent and
Azure in a Field Or, from the Nbble Families of the
Bruces, who have for their paternal Figures, a Saltiere and
¦chief Guks in a Field Or. Andthe ancierit and honourable
, D -2 Family

, fci,^..^i.i».i. ¦¦^.¦..^¦¦i..i».»«.f a«i>i I. nil i^.Mii— ^ip— i^^^'»ii»i>i|iM 1.1,1 ' ¦¦IV C, ¦¦¦.¦'¦¦ «¦ " II- II I _ I""
28 ofthe Definition and Divifion of Akm s* Chap. I
Family of Seton, by their Three redCrefcents in a, Field 0:
from the Randolphs, with their Three Cufhions, of the Jam
Colour and Field; and fo furth of other principal Faihilie
with their Cadets, who are diftinguifhed by their bered]
tary Figures of their Blood, from other chief Families an
their Cadets.,
The Second End of Armories, is to difference the Branche
or Cadets of one and the fame Family, that the Firft ma
be known, from the Second, and he again from the Third
and the Third horn the Fourth, and fo on^ were there ne
ver fo many of them. Of thefe differencing Marks, addei
by Cadets to their principal or paternal Arms, I have fonK
Years ago treated, in An Efftiy on -Additional Figures am
Marks of Cadency.
The Third Jlnd and Defign of Armories, is to i}luftra&
Perfons,^ FamiUes, ar\d Communities^ with Enfigns of Nobl<
Defcent, and other Additamenrs of Honour within or wifh
SfUt the Shield.. Of thefe within the Shield lam to trea
here,, and of thofe without the Shield in another Treatife 0
the exterior Ornaments, fuch as Crowns, Helmets^ Mant-
lings. Wreaths, Crefts, Devifes, Supporters, Collars of Orders
and other Enfigijs of high Offices which embellifh the
Atchievenients., Thefe within the Shield aie the Subjed of this Effay, b\
Compofing ozMarfhalling.
The Firft is done by adding fome Part of the Arms oi
another Family, or other Additaments of Honour, to
thefe of the paternal ones,, without, any Diftindion pf Quar
ters. - ¦
Marpallingof Arms, is when the entire Arms of othei
Families, or other Enfigris of Honour, are join'd with the
paternal ones of the Bearer, by partition Lines  ... makin^
diftind Area's or ^tiddra'^, in one Shield. °
Coinpofing of Arms is frequent wjth us; not only with
Chiefs, Heads of Families, and Sirnames, to fliew their
Alliance with,pther Families ; but alfo very frequent with
Cadets,

Chap. H. Ofthe Definition attd Divifion ofAkMi 29
Cadets, by adding to their paternal Bearings fome Pitt of
their Mother's Arnis, . to ihew their maternal Defcent, ahd
to difference themfelves from other Cadets of the fame,
Family, of whichl have treated fully in my fprefaid Effay
on Additional Figures and Marks of Cadency, and fhall fpeak
to them in another Chapter. ^ '
¦{' The Reafons of adding Figures by Compofing, and etitir©
Arms by Marfijalltng them. With thofe of the ptopev Ohe's
of the Borers, have given Rife to feveral Divifloris of
Arms. As, .......
Firft, Into perfiS and imperfeSl' Arms j by the Firft are un
derftood thofe of an Hereditary Defcent, tranfmitted from
the firft Obtainer to his Grandfon, or Great-gvandfbft, which
are Enfigfis of a perfed and cbmpleat Nobility, begun in
the Grandfather br Great-grandfather, (as Heraulds fay)
growing, in the Son, compleat in the Graridfon, or rather
Great-grandfoAj,, as fome. wilT^ from which rifes the Diftin
dion. of Gentlemen of Goat-Armour in" the Father and
Son, and Gentlemen of Blood iri the Grandfon or Great-
grandfon, and from the laft Gentlemen of Ariteftory.
hyJmperfeSl Arms, we are potato underftahd diefedive or
irregular ones, inrefpedof T/«fr«»wbr Figures, but of new
Arms granted by Authority to the firft Receiver, who had
none before, which are but Signs of imperfed Nobility in the
Family, for which he is call'd a Gentleman of Coat-Armour,.
being the fame with the Novus'Homo with the Romans,
the firft Obtainer of Jus Imaginum, the Right of ereding
his own Image or Statue, as a Sign of begun Nobility, as
the firft Conceffion of Arms was afterwards with other
Nations. By Imperfect Arms, may be underftood thofe alfo
which go off with the firft Obtainer, and do not defcend for
want of Mue, or otherwife.
Arms again were divided (as by Sir John Fern) into
Abftra6t and Terminal Ones, the Fhft are the fame with the
above-mentioned Perfect Arms, being abftrad?d, and carried down:

3 o Of the Definition and Divifion of. A k]m s.^ Chap. ]
.dpwP hythe Heirs and Heprefentatiyes of the firft Obtaine
witbput Alteration, .liiminutipn, ,Pr Additibn, ;"and are the
which we now call Original^ 'Principal, and Paterm
Arms. By ,Ter?mnal Arms, he underftahds thofe of younger Son
Cadets,' who have Right to carry their paternalArms, tei
niinat and differenc'd with cohgruous Marks i4p£ Cad encj
and additional Figures, to fliew the Time and .Seniority t
their Defcent,
There are feveral other Sorts of Arms named from th
Caufes of their Bearing, as Arms of Ofiice, Arms of Alliam
Arms of Adoption,' of Patronage, of Gratitude, of Reli
gion, Conceffions general and fpecial. Arms of Sovereigrities
Feudal ones, and Pretenfions to the fame. All which
fhall treat feparately and in different Chapters, and to fhev
their Precedency due to them, in their refpedive Quarters
with other Arms when niarlhalled together; as alfo of th(
-different Ways of impaleing the Arms of Husband am
Wife. But before I proceed particularly tb them, I begii
with my Obferves of the Piradicc of Arms, of its Proce
dure in the Periods of Times, before, and in, and, abou
the, Time when Arms became fkft to be compofed am
¦marlhalled together.

^eHAP. Ill

> Xm~ .'.f.i...

CHAP. III.
Ofthe AnckntTraCike of ArmSy
before and about the Time^
when they began toj?e Com-,
' fcfed and Marfhalled.
IN the: Tenth .aiiq.Eleventh Centuries,- Armorial Bearings,,.
were fingle, and plain, confifting, offeW JFigures ; for„,
,. the differericing ones fince ufed, as Marks ot Ca
dency, were rare, and the Pradice of Compofing and Mar--
flialling^tliem, either with fome of the , Figures, or. with
theext^np^, .Pfnaiiients -ojt.otheirn Families, .was, ifot then
in. Ufe.; .- :.. -, - , ¦ '¦ -i:ii,~-- »
In thefe Times the Ancients not only looked uporr Armsr
as Hereditary Enfigns ot Honour, but as of a Noble ^Dej cent,
2A\d AUianae, and as Marl^ of Property to Territories, Offices,
^other-^valuabfe Things in their Ppffcffion;; o^-of then:
Right aniPretenfion to the fanie. All thefe forts of Ai-ms
were not carried as now in one Shield , but they: often changed,
them, carrying fometimes one',"fpmetiraes another, as difufing
t^eirfirft Arms,,andthen|akinginew ones ;. wliich Change.
pf Arms.has made fome alfert^' that they were not fixed and)
Hereditary, till the .Twelfth. Centuryy not confideringthat,
the then Ufe of Change of . Arms was (not witboutConfent.
of Authority) upon the fame Reafons, that they now com- pofe..

__:  m  :^  ^^  1  :::  ¦ — ¦  ¦  '  * 
32 Of the Ancient Practice of Arms, _ Chap. 11
pofe and marflial Arms, Menefirier in his true Art of Blazo
tells us, there was by the Pradice of Europe fix ordinar
Reafons for the CJiange of Arms, fuch as, theChange <
Over-Lords op^Superiors, Succfifiion to Sovereignities^ Adoptioi
fomefignal Event, '¦Religkn/ ahd'the Alter^iort-m Eftate i
Condition to better or wprfe.
Of" thefe I^: fliatl fpeak briefly here, to .,fhew thatch
Species or Kinds of Arms, F have before-mentioned in Ordf
to marfhalling, have taken their Rife from thefe Reafqns c
changing Arms of old. ' ".'¦¦' \
For the Firft then. That the Change of Q^er-LQr'ds 0
Superiors, was the Region of changing Arms,^ pur Autho
gives for Inftance thefe pf the^ Town of >./^'u/g«o«, whici
were at firft Argent a Gyre Falcon proper, but whe
the Pope became its Over-Lord, in Place of the Falcon
were placed Keys; fo from fuch Reffon of Change, cami
Arms of Patronage, to be marfhalled with the ancient Arnp
of the Vaffal, pf which afterwards.' ' '
, 2dly. Succeffion to Sovereignity,; we have for Inftance th
Noble Family of the Steuart in Succeffion, to the Crown 0
Scotland, laying afide theh Paternal Bearing, for thofe o
the 'Ifinpefial Enfign, of which more fully afterwards; an(
from this Reafon of Change came the Diftindiotiof Arms a
Dominion by Succeffion, Election, Conqueft, and Preter^on
of which in thefollowing Chapters.
3. The Third Reafon of Change, was upon the Aceoim
of Adoptioii, in afliimingthe Arms bf anbther Family> *in<
ip 'came a;tter ward Arms of Adoption, Tailie, and Subjktutio)
to be Quartered with the Paternal Ones.
4. Sigftal Events, the Effeds of Fortitude and Loyalty
were the Caufe of Cha.nge of old Arms for new Ones, mon
fuitable. to the Events and Merit: The Method of com
pofing or marfhalling them both together not being in Ufe a
afterwards, fo from thefe Occafions of Change, did rife th<
Diftindioi

Cn-p. lil. Of the Ancient Practice of Akm s. 33
Diftindfon of Arms of General and Special Conceffions, of
which in their pr6per Places.
,5. The Fifth Reafon, and that a powerful one. Religion^
bur Author tells us. That many Prelates out of Humility
and Piety left their Paternal Arms, and took others, made
up of religious Figures, fuch as [Croffes., Mitres, Keys, the
Cyphers ot the Holy Name of J efus, the Figure of the Image
bf ,St. Mary, thofe of their tutelar Saints, and thofe of their
Churches, which are now call'd Arms of Religion, when
quarter'd Pr eompos'd with their Paternal Bearings.
6. Alteration of State, ahd Condition to better or worfe,
another Caufe of Change of Arms of old, of which our
Author gives feveral Inftances df many Families in Italy, and
Germany, occafxoned by the Wars and Revolutions, made
by the contending Parties of the Guelphs and Gibbelins, as
alfo that the change of Countries occafioned the change of
Arms, as the Azzo Azzolini of Bologn fince they refided in
France, changed the fix Stars in their Arms to as many
Flower de Lifes, and a Branch of the Family of the 2^rini
in Venice, when fettled in France, did fo with their three
Stars: Many Foreigners have done the fame in Br/to«, by
tranfmuting their Armorial Figures into thofe of the Sove
reign's, their Over-Lords or Patrons; of which in another
Place. But to come home to Britain, we'll find the like Pradice
-there, before the Ufe of compofing or marfhalling Arms,
by the following Inftances bf changing Anns upon the Ac
count of Marriage, Noble Feus and Conqueft, which in
later Times appear both marflialled together.
I. Firft then, Geoffry Plantagenet, Son of Foulk Earl of
Anjou, upon his Marriage with Maud the Emprefs, only
Daughter and Heir of Henry the Firft oi .England, when he
was by that King made a Knight, he ufed only the Arms of
his Wife, a Red Shield charged with Golden Lionfells, as
'^ohn theMonk of Mormonftier in Turin, an Author in their.
E Times,

34 Ofthe Ancient Practice of A, KM s. Chap. Ill
Times, 1127, tells us, whofe Words are, as in: Sanford'
Hiftory, Clypeus Leunculos Aureos Irriaginarios habens coll
ejus fujpenditur, which Lemculi were no other than theli
two then ufed by the Norman Kings of England, commonh
call'd Qolden Leopards, which he then made ufe of in Ri^
of his Wife, dlfufing his own Arni^, as the Cuftom vvastliei
in England. Henry Ferriers, Son of Heny Ferriers a Norman
who came to England with William the Conqueror, dif
continued bearing his PaternalArms, viz. Argent, fix Harft
Shoes Sable, 3, 2, and i. and carried Vairee Or and Gules
the Arms pf his Wife Margaret, Daughter of William
Fewer ell, natural Son to William the Conqueror, asSirJohi
Fern tells us in his Lades Nobility, P.6j.
Jacobus Wilhelmus Im-hof in his Blazons of the Nobilitj
pf England fays. That the Arms ufed by the Name of Talboi
and by the Earls of Shrewsbury of that Name, viz. Gules a
Lyon Rampant within a Border Engrail' d Or, are materna]
Arms, and that fince Gilbert Lord Talbot married Guendolina
Daughter of Rhefeus de Griffith Prince of Wales, his Pofteritj
left their Paternal Ones, being Bendy of Ten Pieces Argent
ahd Gules, as the Cuftom was then in the Reign ot Henry II
before the Ufe of marfhalling.
Sanford in his Genealogical Hiftory, tells us. That the
Arms ufed by the Family of the Lord Lumly Cafile in the
Biihoprick of Durham, being Argent a Fefs Gules, between
three Peppingoes Vert, accoled Or, are not the proper Arm sol
the Family, but thefe of another, with whom they matcbedl
viz. the Family of Thueng ancient Barons in England.
That the ancient Family of the Lacies difcontinued
their own Arms, is clear fi-om Sir John Fern's Account oi
that Family, who tells us. That they carry'd the Arms of the
Heireffes with whom they matched, and that it was difficult
in thofe Times, to diftinguifli the Original Paternal Arms.
kom the Maternal Ones, in many Families in England, till
the Pradice of marflialling of many Coats of Arms in one
Shield.

Chap. III. Ofthe Ancient Practice of Arm?. 35
Shield, then, fays he, the Paternal Arms of the Ferriers,
Lacies, and other Families appeared quartered, with the
Maternal Arms in one Shield.
Sir George Mackenzie, in his Science of Herauldry, Page
72, and 82, obferves. That fPmetimes with us, the Husband
did of old, affume only the W He's Arms, when flie was an
Heretrix, as Scot of Bucc'leugh, the Arms of Murdeftbn, and
Napier, the Arms of Lennox, and difufed their proper Arms,
and that Auchenleck of Balmanno in Perth-fbire carries Argent^
a Crofs counter embattled Sable, the Arms of his Wife Heirefs
of Balmanno, and not the Arms of Auchenleck of that Ilk
of whom he was defcended, whbfe Arms are Argent, three
Bars Sable in our old Books of Blazons. I have obferved
that the Dunbar s Earls of MUrrdy in Right of their Mother,
a Daughter of Randolph Earl of Murray did not life, the
Arms of Dunbar tho' they kept the Name, but thofe of
Randolph, viz. Argent three, Cufhions pendent by the Corners,
within a double Treffure, floWred and counterfiowred Gules;
as did alfo their Defcendants, till of late they qiiartered the
Arms of Dunbar with thofe of Randolph, and fuch has alfo
been the Pradice of many, others, of which afterwards.
2. Noble Feus which had Arms, were likewife another
Caufeof Change of Arms of old, for thofe who came to the
Poffeffion of them, by Succeffion pr otherwife, not only dif
continued the Ufe of their paternalArms, but maternal Ones
alfo, and ufed only thefe of the Noble Feus, in which they
werefeizedj as for Inflance, John Bohun alias Mefchinas
Earl of Cumberland'^ in the Reign of William the Conqueror,
carried Or, three Bars Gules, married Margaret Sifter and
Heir of Hugli Lupus Earl of Chefter, who -carried y^.s«r, a
Wolfs Head eras*d Argent, fhebbre to hiiii two Sons, Ralph
Earl of Chefter in Ri^htoi his Mother, and Williatn firnamed
Rumari Earl of Lincoln, the laft had Name and Arms given
him, for brave Adions perform'd againft the Saracens, for
which he was named de Rubra Mart, or Rumari, arid for
•E a

-.—r-  II 1 I I I ¦ . ¦ . . -^, — . 11 — — ii.i. I I II.-—. I ¦ ^^ -- ¦ — 11.
j6 Of the Ancient PraSrice of Arms. Chap. III.,
Arms, Gules, fenwn Macks, 3, 3, and i. between ten Crofs
Crcftets Or, which he only carried, difcontinuing thofe of
his Father and Mother, as did alfo his elder Brother Ralph
Earl of Chefter, who carry'd only Azur, three Bars Or, .the
Feudal Arms bf the Earldom of Chefter, ,which were after
wards the only fix'd Ones of the Family of Bohun,' fox four
Generations in a Male Defcent, till Ralph- Bohun ^ Earl of
theft.er died without any Iffue, leaving Sifters his Heirs gene
ral, the e\de?iMaud was married to David Earlo f Hunting
toun, Brother to William K\n§, of Scotland, fhe bore to him.
a Son and Daughters, of whom came the Balioh and Bruces
Kings of Scotland. The Son John firnam'd Scot in Right of
his Mother was Earl pf Chefter, he did not carry the entire
Arms of his Father, of which afterwards, but the Armorial;
Figures of the Earldom of Chefter, viz. Argent three Garbs
within a double TreffUre flower d and counter -flower' d' Gutes,
[Plate I. Fig. 2.] ^s Sir John Fern in his Lacies Nobility.'
So much then for the Change of Arms upon the Account of
Noble Feus, till we come to the Chapter of marfhallin.g
them with other Arms.
7. Conqucft,another Canfe of Change of Arms, (of which
more particularly in the Chapter of Arms of Dominion^ He
raulds tell us, that when one has defeat and overcome an
Enemy to King and Country, he has Right tp the Arms of
the Vanquifhed, and to ufe them in phce of his proper'
ones, or to mix or adorn his own with them, by way of
Creft, Badge, or Devije ; for Example, Sir John Fern in :
his before-mentioned Book tells us, that Si.i* William de
Tankerville Lieutenant-General to King Henry I. of Eng-i^
land, being fent with an Army againft the, Rebels in Nori^-
mandy. Headed by Robert- Bofne Earl of Mellent and Lei-
ccfter, who carried for Arms, G«/^j:, a Cinquefoil. Ermin,
whom Sir William de Tankef^vil defeat and brought Prifoner -
to England, for which,amongft other Rewards, he got added;
^p his Arms, being Gules an Efipitcheon Argent, an Oris of

Chap. III. Of the Ancient Practice of Akm s. 37
Eight Cmquefoils Ermin, the Figures of the Earl of Mellent.
And Sar^ord in his Genealogical Hiftory tells us, that Sir
Geoffry Cornw^l havingtaken Prifoner the Duke of Bretaign,
had given him in Reward that Duke's Arms, being Ermir;,
which he made the Field of his own Arins, which before
was Argent, -and placed in it his own Lion Rampant Gules.
Sir George Mackenzie tells us, in his Manufcript of the
'Nobility of Scotland, that Macklell'anof Boinby, for killing a
Moor, who with a Party made frequent Defcents into Gal
loway, amongft other -Rewards, obtained Licence to carry
a Msor's Head on the Point of a Dagger, and was after ufed
for the Creft of the Family. Such another Creft was carry'd
by the Family of Lauder pf Hatton upon the like Act -
count.* /C«^'t^ l5rtAXvt4^'\\ KiClcd S'^'^^ Jma^'tJ- f<^
Smce I am treating here of the Caufes and Reafons of thei
Change of Arms of Old, I fhall add here the ancient Pra-'
dice of the younger Sons of Sovereign Princes being of the ]
like Nature, in not carrying their Fathers entire Arms with '
congruent Differences, as the younger Spns of Subjeds did _
then and now ; the Reafon given by Heraulds is, that Sove
reign Arms were looked upon as facred Enfigns of Authority
and Power, which no Subjed, however fo high, durft pre
fume to affume ; and thefe of Subjeds but as leffera's pf
their Blood. And tbe younger Sons of Sovereigns being
Subjeds, did only take a fmall Part of their Fathers Sovereign
Arms, that they might be diftinguifhed from their Fathers
Royal EnJ^ns,' and more eminently from other Subjects.
This was the general Cuftom all Europe over, and even
fome of them carried npthing, ofthe Rpyal Enfign, more than
the unlawful Children did ; which Pradice I fliall illuftrate
by the following Examples, and fliew the Time when they
came.firft to carry the Entire Arms of their Fathers, with
their ordinary Differences, as alfo the Pra.dice pf the ille
gitimate Sojis of Princes^ ,

3 8 Of the Ancient Pradice of Arms. Chap. III.
To begin then at Home with the Pradice of younger
Sons and Brothers of our Kings, which I prefume was the
fame with the French, of which immediately, becaufe of
our Correfppndence, Intimacy and Alliance with th^t
Natfon. The eldeft Bearing ofthe younger Brothers or Sons ofthe
Kings of Scotland that 1 have come to the Knowledge o^
is that of David's Earl of Huntingtoun and Garrioch, Bro
ther to King William, both Grandfons of King David I. he
did not ufe the Entire Arms of his Grandfather, or Brother,
but a fmall Part of them, viz. Argent an Efcutcheon within
a double Treffure, flower d and counterflower'd Gules, [Plate
I. Fig. I.] the laft Figure being a Part of the Royal Bear
ing to fhow his Princely Defcent, being a Part of the Royal
Enfign. The Efcutcheon, fays Sir JohnFerne^ did reprefent
him as the Shield of his Country, in his Brother the King's
Abfence, and his Valour when he was abroad with his '
Countrymen in the Holy War^ And the Reafon for having
the Field of his Arrns Argent, (and not of the Metal O, that
of Scotland) becaufe it was the Field of Arms oi his Grand4
mother Maud, Daughter of Waltheoff Earl of Northumt
berland and Huntingtoun^ which was charged with a Lion
faliant Azure, and a chief Gules, fo blazoned by the aboves
named Author. Thefe Arms of Earl Davids are an ancient
Inftance of a cofnppfed Coat.
1 have taken thefe Arm^ of David Earl of Huntingtoun
from the Englifh Writers, as Sir John Fern and others: A«
for his Seal of Arms, I never met with it. I have feen a
private Manufcript, which gives to him Or three Piles, iffu-y
ing from the Chief conjoined by the Points in bafe Gules, tp re
prefent the Three Paffion-Na,ils which he took, to ihevv he
was in the Holy Land; but I choife rather the former Au
thority, for thefe Pifes belonged to his Natural Son David.
.Lord Brechin, who might have been with his Father in the ,
"Holy Land, and fo might have affumed thofe Figures,

Chap. III. Ofthe Ancient Pra&ice 0/ Arms. 39
(which his Succeffors continued) finte by the Cuftom at that
Time no natvJral Children could carry the Arms Pf their Fa
thers With Marks of Illegittimation, as now. This David
took his Name and Title from the Barony of Brechin, which
was a Part of the Royal Appanage before it was given to
Earl David of 'Huntingtoun, and who gave it to his natural .
Son David Lord Brechin: His Son was William, who defigns,
himfelf in private Writs, Wiliielmus de Brechin, filius David
'de Biechm,- filius Comitis David. This Williatn left a Son
David de Brechin, who is mentioned in many private Writs,
and in the Letter of the Nobility of the Kingdom to the
Po^e, Anno 1320, who carried the forefaids Afms, but
thereafter having- confpired with divers others againft King
Robert the Bruce, he was beheaded for Treafon ; he left
only a Daughter, who was married to Sir Divid Barclay of
Cairny, by whom he had Sir David Barclay oi Brechin, and
a Daughter Margaret, married to Sir David Fleming of
Biggar, the Earl' of Wigton's Progenitor, to whom fhe had
a Daughter who was married inthe Reign of King Robertll.
to Sir Thomas Maule of Panmure, who was killed at the
Battel of Hairlaw, of whom are defcended the Earls of
Panmure, whofe Defcents are fully documented in that ela
borate Treatife, Of the Peerage 0/ Scotland, by Mr. George
Crawford, which is no.w in the Prefs. But to return,
Sandford, in his Genealogical Hiftory of the Kings of Eng
land, gives us the Arms of Richard Earl of PoiWers and
Cornwal, fecond Son of John King of England ; who had
nothing-of his Father's Royal Enfigns, but were compofed
ofthe Arms of his two Noble 'Feus, viz. Argent a Lion
Rampant Gules crowned Or, (the Arms of Poidiers) fur-.
rounded with a Border Sable Bezantee Or, (the Arms of
Cornwal) and which were on his Seal of Arms appended to
Inftruments Anno 1226. , , r>
Such Pradice we find in the Royal Family of France,
much about the forefaid Times where the, younger Sons of

40 Of the Ancient Pradice of. Akm s. Chap. III.
of France took nothing from the Sovereign Enfign but the
Tindures, Or and Azure, with which they tindured . the
Armorial Figures of their Feus or Appanages, which they
poffeffed by Grant or Marriage, and fome of them did not
fomuch as ufe the Tindures of France.. As Robert Earl of
Dreux a younger Son of France, for the Arms of his Ap
panage carry'd Chequee, which he tindured Or and Azure^
(to fhew his Royal Defcent from France) within a Border
Gules ; and his Defcendant Peter Earl of Drcux carry'd tbe
fame, who married Alixa Heirefs of theDutchy oi Bretaign,
whofe Arms were Ermin, which he added to his own by
way of a Canton ; for the Ufe of compofing Arms was then
in Requeft, and his Son John de Dreux Duke of Bretaign
continued the fame, as on his Seal of Arms given by Sand;^
ford in his before-mentioned Hiftory, he married Beatrix,:
fecond Daughter to Henr) III. of England, and their fourth
Son John who was Earl ot Richmond, charged the Border
Gules imth the Lions of England, to fhew his Defcent from
a Daughter of that Kingdom, and this alfo is another anci
ent Inftance of a compofed Bearing.
Henry Third, Son of Henry the Firft of France, Earl of
Vermandois, carried only Chequee Argent and Gules, and
nothing of the Arms of France ; fo did his younger Brother
Peter the Fifth Son of that King, who marry'd Ifobel Lady
ot Courtney and Montagris^ he and his Iffue carry'd only her
Arms, viz. Or, Thee Torteaux Gules.
The Arms of Burgundy, Ancient, an Appanage of the :
younger Sons of France, were only of the Tinctures of ''
France, being Be»dy Or -and Azur, which Appanage Henry
the Firft erecled into a Dutchy in Favours of his Brother
Robert in the Year 1032. whofe Race continued carrying the
fame Arms, till the Year 1353, that it returned to the
Crown, then John King of France gave it to his Fourth Son, |
who cmy'd Azur Semee Flower de Lifes Or, within a Bof der
Qobonated Argent and Gules, for Burgundy Modern, which he

Chap.- III. Of the Ancient Pradice of Akm s. 41
.he quartered with Burgundy Ancient, the Cuftom ot quar
tering Arms being then in Fafhion, and the younger Sons of
Sovereigns had begun to carry the Royal Enfigns of their
Fathers, with one or other of the Honourable Ordinaries for
Difference. As for the firft Pradice of the Sonspf England, in carrying
the -entire Arms of that Kingdom with Labels, or other
differencing Marks, fome Englijh Heraulds have given out,
that Jeoffry Earl of Bretaign and Earl of Richmond, Fouith
Son of Henry II. of England, (who began his Reign in the
Year 1 1 5 3 .) was the Firft that carry'd the Arms of England,
with a Label cf five Points Argent, for his Diftindiion ; but
Sandford denies it, and tells us, that, the Label or Lambel\
« filial Difference, was notfofoon nfed in England, but in the
Year 1273. he gives us the Arms of Edmond Earl of Lan~
cafter, fecond Son of King Henry III. and Brother to Edward I.
which were thefe of England then,Gules, three Lionf paffgnt
guardant Or, [as in the Plate of the Ainisof Britain, Fig. j.']
With a Label of three Points Azure, charged -with three
Flower- de-lifes Or, upon the Account his Mother was a
Daughter of France, and fo after it became the Cuftom for
all the Iffue of the Kings of England, to carry the Arms of
England either with Labels or Borders, which were charged
with their maternal Figures, a frequent Pradice there to
hold forth the maternal Defcent, by Pieces taken from their
Mothers Arms.
1 cannot but take Notice here, that when the Branches of
the Royal Family of England, ended in Heirefles who
married with other Noble Families in England,, they tranf
mitted the Royal Enfign to their Iflue, who were fo fond
of it, that they difcontinued the carrying their paternal Arms.,
and carried only thefe ot their Mothers, not only before the
Cuftom of marflialling Arms in England, which began with
Subjeds in the latter End of the Reign ot King Edward III.
but even after the Cuftom of Marfhalling, of which are
F " " thefe

42 ofthe Ancient Practice of Akms. Chap. Ill,
thefe following Inftances. Ihoinas Earl of Norfolk Fifth
Son of King Edward 1. carry'd the Arms of England, 'viz.
Gules, three Lions paffant guardant Or, with a Label.of three
Points Argent, had only one Daughter his Heir, who was
mairied to Moubray Duke of Norfolk, their Son difufed
the Arms of the Name of Moubray, viz. Gules, a Lioh
Rampant Argent, and carried only thefe of his , Mother
above blazon'd. The fame did the Family of HollandEark
of Kent, and Dukes of Sutry, as defcended by tbe Mother-
fide from the Heirefs of Edmond Woodftock Earl of Kent,
another younger Son of Edward I. the Arms of England as
above blazoned, within a Border Argent ; yet thefe twd
Families did foon afterwards quarter them with their pa
ternal Bearings, which they reafliimed again when Mar
fhalling was in full Requeft.
I cannot but give another Inftance here in carrying only
the maternal Arnis, efpecially thofe of the Royal Family, and
that with an Approbation ofthe College of Heraulds for do
ing the fame, not only after the Ufe of Marfhalling, but
after a Cuftom of the fame Family of ^^artermg many
Coats together; and as in the Cafe of Edmond jth Earl of
Stafford, who married Anne Sifter and Heir of Humphrey.
Plantagenet Earl of Buckingham, Son of Thomas of Wood^
ftock Earl oi Buckingham, 7th Son of Edward III. who car-
n«sd, France and England Quarterly within a Border Argent^
which Edmond Earl of Stafford, upon the account of his
Marriage with Anne, empaled thofe Arms of her Father with
bis own, which were. Or, a Cheveron Gutes, but their Son
Humphry Stafford Dnke' oi Buckingham difufed his paternal
Arms, and carried only thofe of his Mother, England ^«</
France quarterly within a Border Argent, as did his Son and
Grandfon Henry Stafford, who had an A£t or Minute for fo
doing, recorded in the College ol Arms, Lib.i. Pol. i j. as
Sandford gives us in his Genealogical Hiftory thus : That in
the Reign of our Sovereign Lord King Edward IV. the Thir^
teenth

Clh^p^ HL -\^f the Ancient PmCfice of Akms. 4.3
teenth Tear of hif Reign,^ on the iSth Day of February, it 'was
concluded in the Chapter of fhe -Office of Arms, That where a
Nobleman is defcended lineally heritably .to Three or Four
Coats, and afterwards, to a Coat near to the King, and of the
"Royal Blood, may for his moft Honoar bear the fame Coat
alone, and no lower Coat of Honour to be. Quartered there
with, as tny Lord Henry Duke of Buckingham, &c. is de
fcended of the Coat and Array to Thomas of Woodftock
Duke of Glocefter, 6b« to King Edward III. h? may bear
that Dukes Coat alone, and mas fo concluded by Claren-
ceaux King of Arms, March King of Arms^ Guien King
of Arms, Wkidfor Herauld, paulcen Herauld, and Herry-
foord Herauld.
Yet notwithftanding of thjs 3eritence pr Warrant, I find
none in England oi the like Defcent by the Mother-fide from
the Royal Family of England, to have carried the entire
Arms of that Kingdom with a Filial Difference, without
Quartering them with others, fo long after the Cuftom of
Marfhalling was in Ufe. And I obferve, that this Duke
Henry's Son, Edward Duke of Buckingham, did not carry
thofe of ^o^oc^ alone, but quartered them with others,
as jMa^'terly, 1. Woqdftbck. 2.' Bohun Earl of Hmyfoord.
^. Bohun oi Northampton ; and 4. The Arms of Stafford,
as on his Seal of Arms given us by Sandford. So much
then for the lawful Sons pf England, in carrying the Armo
ries of that Kingdom.
As for the Pradice of the younger Sons of the Royal Fa-
"milies of Scotland, in carrying the entire Ariii^s of the King
dom, there have been noyourjger Sons that did come to any
Age to be known by Arms, to me, fmceDavid I's Time;
eyx.e^t David Earl of Huntington, of whom before, till the
Reign of the Stuarts; for Robert the Bruce carried maternal
Arms only. Argent, a Saltire and chief Gules, as did fomfe
of his Progenitors in marrying Annan the Heirefs of Annan-
dale, difus'd their Paternal; tiiofe of Bruce of Skelton, Ar^
F 2 , gent

44 Of the Ancient Pfatfice of Arms. Cliap. lit.
gent a Lion Rampant Azure, which all their Defcendants
did, and continue yet to carry the Saltire and Chief, as Ar
morial Figures of the Name of Bmc^. But 5r«c^ Earl of
Elgin in Scotland, and Ailsborough . in England, added
thofe of Bruce of Skelton, the old paternal Coat jufl now
blazon'd by way" of a Canton upon the Chief Gules.
When Robert the Bruce cameto the Throne, he affum'd
the Sovereign Enfign ; he left behind him a SonDavid,who
was alfo King by the Name of David II. who died with
out IlTue, and a Daughter Marjory Bruce, who was married
to Walter, High Stewart of Scotland, fhe bore to him Robert
Stewart of Scotland and Earl ot Strathern, who fucceeded
his Uncle King David II. in the Year 1370. Upon his Ac-
ceffion to the Throne he laid afide his Pwn -Arms, Or a
Fejs chequee Azure, and Argent, and carry'd thofe of the
Sovereignty. His eldeft Son John by Elizabeth Muir his
firft Wife, was come to the Age Pf a Man, before his Father
was King, and Was ftiled. Lord of /Cj/e ; he then carried the
StuartrS Arms, Or, a Fefs chequee Azure and Argent, with a
Label of the lafl. [Plate i. i%. 3.] In the firft Year, of his
Father's Reign he was peated Earl of Carrick, and then he
added to the Feffe chequee, a Lion NaiJJant, all within a
double Treffure counterflower'd Gules, [Fig. 4.] to intimate i
his Right to the Crown, and afterwards he carried the en
tire Arms of the Kingdom, with the filial Diflference of a
Label of three Points, [Fig. 5.]. as is evident by the Impref-1
fions of his Seals appended to Charters ; fo that it was then
beginning to be cuftomary, as I obferve,. for the Sons pf '
our Kings, to carry their Father's Sovereign Arms; he fuc- •
^cceded his Father in the Kingdom by the Name of Robert III
WVd his Son David Duke of Rothfay carried alfo the Arms :
of Scotland, Walter Earl of Athol a younger Son of King
Robert II.. by hjs fecond Wife Euphem Rofs, carried the
plain Arms of Scotland within a Border chequee, [Plate j '
lig. 6.] as on hisSeal of Arms, which I have feen appended to.

Chap.. III. Ofthe Ancient Pradice of Arms. 45 '
to a Charter of his Niece Euphem Stuart, Daughter and
Heir of David Stuart Earl of Strathern, Anno 1389.
Yet Robert Steuart an elder Brother, third Son of King
Rolen II. and Brother-german to King Robert the III.
when he was Earl of Fife and Monteith, carried the Arms of
Steuart, having the Fefs Chequee furmounted with a Lion
Rampant on his Seal of Arms, [Fig.-j.'] and when afterwards
Duke of , Alb any in the Year 1403, his Seal ot Arms was
Qyaitcily I. and 4. a Lion Rampant without the Treffure,
(and whether that was the Lion of Scotland, or that for the
Earldom of Fife I cannot be pofitive, butfince it took Place
of the Fefs Chequee, it is probable it was the Lion of Scot
land) 2. and 3. a Fefs Cheque for Steuart, with a Label of
five Points. His fecond Son John Steuart was by his Uncle
"King-Robert the III. Created Earl of Buchan Anno 1402,
he had firft on his^Seal of Arms, [as Fig. 9."] Ouarterty
1. and 4. a Fefs Chequee for Steuart, 2. and 3. three Garbs,
(it is to be obferved by the Reader, that when I give a Blazon
from Seals, I do not give the Tindures, becaufe they are
not to be difcovered there: But at other Places as they occur
again from Records, then I give the Tindures) afterwards
he had on his Seal Ouarterly i.and 4. the Royal Arms of
Scotland only without any Addition, 2. and 3. Three Garbs
Or, for the Earldom of Buchan, which liiave feen appended
to a Charter of his,wherein he is def\gnedEarl ofBuchan^Lord
Kinedward Conftable of trance, and Chamberlain qf Scotland,
granted to Sir Alexander Forbes and Elizabeth Douglafs his
Spoufe, of the Lands of Blacktoun and others thefein-
mentioned, dated at Stirling the Tenth of December .142^.
He left befiind him only one Daughter,, hady Jean Steuart
his Heir, who wasmarried toGeorge Lord Seton, from whom
are lineally defcended the Lords of that Family afterwards
Earls of Wintoun, who have been in Ufe as Reprefentatives
of that Noble Bi'anch of the Royal Family, not only to ,
miirfiiall the Arms of tbe Earldom of Buchan with their

own,.

4^ Of the Ancient Pradice of Akms. Chap. III.
own, but fometimes thbfe alfo of the Royal Family, wkiel\
are to be feen curioufly embofs'd and illuminated on the Roof
ofSavifon's Hall in theHoufeof Seton, by Order of George
Lord Seton in the Year ij243 but more particularly after
wards of this Noble Family.
All the }'ounger Sons of our Kings, fince King Robert the
II. have been in Ufe to carry the Sovereign Enfign for their
Arms (with fuitable Differences or without fuch) entire
when quaitered with Arms of their Noble Feus, of which in
another Chapter.
As for the Daughters of Sovereigns, it was their Pradice
to carry the entire Arms of their Fathers without any Dimi
nution or Difference, and they might have been empaled
for a Time with the Arms of their Husbands, but could not
be tranfmitted to their Ifliie, they not being Heireffes and
Reprefentatives of Families: Forlnftanc^, King Robert t^el\.
had feven Daughters, married to Noble Famihes with us,
Mariota married to John Dunbar Earl of Murray, Margaret,
to John of 7ta, Thomas high Conftable of Scotland inarri^d
another Daughter, as did John Lindfay of Glenesk, Douglafs
Earl of Niddifdale married j^idia another Daughter pf
King Robert the II. and had with her only one Daught^,
called the Fair Maid of Nithfddle, . who married Henry de
Sando Claro, with whom he got the Earldom of Nithfdale,}
but his Succeffors exchanged it with King James the II. fpr
the Earldom of Cathnefs. John Lyon of Glames married
another Daughter of King Robert the U's, and another of
that King's Daughters by his Qjieen Euphem Rofs was mar
ried to the Douglafs. Yet the Iflue of thefe Marriages, a^il
otherswho have matched fince with Daughters of our King^,
have never quartered with their pateiW Arms thofe of the
Sovereign upon the Account of their Mothers, but feveril
of thofe Families have been allowed as a Sign of their.
Royal Alliance, to carry a Part of the Royal Bearing, viz.
The

Chap. III. Ofthe Ancient Pradice of Akms. 47
The double Treffure round their paternal Figures, of which
more partiailarly afterwards.
Before! come to a Clofe, I fliall fpeak a little of the
Pradice of Natural Sons of Sovereigns, in carrying the Arms
of their Fathers, which was tiot fo foon in Britain as that of
the lawful Children.
William Peverel, Natural Son ot JVilliam the Conqueror,
carried nothing of his fuppos'd Father's Enfign,' however fo
highly dignify 'd, neither did Robert natural Son of Henry I.
of E?2gland carry any Part of his Father's but Or, three Che-
ver'ons Gules, ahd which his Son William Earl of Glocefter
ufed, which alfo went with 'his' Daughter and Heir A lifia.
Wife to Richard Earl of Clare, and their Son Gilbert de
Clare, in Right of his Mother, was Earl of Glocefter, difus'd
the Arms bf his Father, viz. Gules a Canton Argent, and
carry'd only thofe of his Mother; but his Succeffors after
wards, 'when Cdmpoftng and Marjhalling was in ufe, brought
the Arms Cf Qhre back again, and raarfhall'd them with
the other.
William Longefpee, natural Son of H^wry II. begot on the
Fair Rofaihund, was made Earl :of Salisbury by King Ri
chard'}. ArinO 11.96; he married Ela the Daughter and
Heir of William FitzpatrickEarlof Salisbury, took the Arm^
of his Father-in-law^ viz. Azure,fix^Lions Ramp ant Argent, "i,
2, apd Las-vSii^^/or^tellsus fromhis Voucher, and that on
his Seal, and his Son's, another William Longefpee, on the
one Side was a Shfeld with Six Lions, and on the Reverfe
a Long Sword, having Reference to his Name, which figni-
Sir John Clermont, natural Son of Thomas Duke of Cla
rence, fecond Son of Henry IV. began to carry a. Part of his
Father's Arms, who carry'd France quartered with England,
with a Label Ermin charged with Cantons Gules; he carried
parted per Cheveron Gules and Azure, in Chief two Lions
Rampant' guardant Or, and a Frontee, being a .littfe diffe^

rent

48 Of the Ancient Pradice of Akms. Chap. III.
refft from the Lions of England, which his Father catr
ried. The firft Baftard that I have obferved carry the entire
Arms of their Father with a Baftard Bar, or Baton, in
-'England, was a natural Daughter of Humphry Duke of Glo
cefter, 4th Son of King Henry IV. whofe Arms were France
and England quarterly, within a Border cowponee Argent and
Sable, which his natural Daughter Antigone carried, with a
'Baton finificr Azure. The next was Arthur Plantagenet,
natural 5on of KingEdwardlV. carried his Father's Arms'
entii e, brut fed with a Baton finifier ; he was created Vif
count of Li fly by Henry VIII.
The Natural Children of the Kings of Scotlandhadneithei
Nan-ies nor Arms of Old from the Royal Family, but fuch
as were altogether different, and thefe they obtained upon
feveral Accounts; as by Marriage: i^o^^^i Natural Son of
King William, having married the Heirefs of Lun^e of
That-illc, he and his Iflue took upon them the Name and
Arms of tliat Family, viz. Pake of Six Argent and Gules,
over all on a Bend Azure Three Cufhions of the Firfi, which
they have of late difufed,' and carry the Arms of Scotland
within a Border gobenated Argent and Azure, as the Natural
Sons of our Kings have been in ufe to do fince the Reign of
King James II.
The Natural Sons of the Royal Family, of the Sirnames-
oi Bruce and Stuart, were in ufe to carry the proper Arms
of the Name, with the ordinary Brifurcs of Illegitimatioh,1
of which I have treated before, and of their wearing out by
many lawful Defcents, as in the Bearing of feveral Families
of thofe Names yet extant, who carry the Arms of Bruce or
Stuart, with the Differences of lawful Children, and fome
have no Mark of Cadency at all but the plain Arms of Bruce
or Stuart, upon which they have fo far prefumed, bein»
overlook'd by our Heraulds. And again, on the other Hand*
ithe proper Arms of the Name of Stuart being difofed by
/ the

Chap. IV. Of Compofed and Collateral Akms, 49
the lawitiSrCHiTdren of our Kings fince fhe Reigns oi Ro
bert II. and III. and have takeri the Royal Arms fpr' their
patefnalonesl the natural Sons of our Kings;, iu Imitation
of them, fince the Reigns, of J'aines 11. and III. haye alfo
taken the Royai' Arms, \vith their Brifures oi lUegitima-
fiph. I. have treated, I thlnk^ fofficiently bf the ancient Ufe of
Armories, yet before I proceed to the modern regular Way of
Marfhalling them, I fhall fpeak h^re a little oi Compofed Ar?ns,
andof a Method ufed bfOld of carrying mffty Coats of
Arms not iri one Shield, but in different and diftind oueSi
upon one Seal of Arms. ; , i

CHAP: IV,
Of Compofed Arms^ and Colla
teral ones.

TO go along with all the Periods of the Improvement
oFArmories, I cannot but infift^a little on Compofed
Arms (which Ihave mentioned be/bre)' ancl on Colla"
teral ones, before I come to quartering or marfhalling many
entire Arms in one Shield.
To compofe Arms^ is by adding to one's proper Bearing
fome Part of- the Arms of another Family, pr pther Addita--
ment of Honour, in pne Shield, without Diftindion of
Ouartcrs.
V G Thfe

5'o Of Compofed and Collateral Arms. Ghap. IV.
This Prifdie.was in ufe before M,3?j^iz///«^y and fo^ind^^
U,ppn. • the ,'.|aro*e '.Reafons j given before, off ayiiig ;afi,de. pld
Arms' arid taking up new ones, and compofing the one v^ith
the other, as by feveral Inftances given in the former
Chapter. ,
Which , Pradic.e, is ftill frequent wJEli us,, npt, only by
Chiefs and Heads of Families, to ihevv their Alliahce
with other Families, but alfo very frequent with Cadet^'
f younger Bribers) by adding tctlieir paternal Bearings fome
Part of their Is^others. Arms, to, fhew their maternal Defcent,
and to difference themfelves from other Cadets of the fame
Family : This way of Differencing is much apprbven of by
Dugdale in his ancient Ufage of Arms, who recommends
this way to his Countrymen ; For, fays he,, it not only fer-
veth to unite the Families which have matched tpgether in
Love and Amity, and thereby worketh the like Effed; but be-.
fide it fheweth. the Certainty of the Defcending of the faid,
younger Brothers out of both the Ho.ufes, a?id giveth Know-.
ledge of the Time thereof J' ' - . ^ ..¦
This Way may fhew the Time pf Defcent by Marriage j.
^,ut d^es not ppintput thp 5f«/or//)' of many, Brothers of one '
Marriage, without the Affiftance of the. known Marks. of
Caden.cy,. and efpecially the M/»«?f DJfferences'y.which Ihave
fully fppketo in my former Effay; yet the Way is commend
able, and has been generally pradifed in Europe, and parti
cularly in Bxitain, by younger Brothers, who have; added;
one or moe of their maternal Figures, to difference them
felves fronfi their elder Brothers, as Gordon of Glafiirem;^ a
fecond Brother of the Fariiily of Huntty, added a Cinquefoil
iri the Centre-pf his paternal Coat,' which Figure belong'd to
his. Mother who. was a Fraz-er; Arburthnet of Fiddefs, a
Sono^Arburthnet of That-tlk, upon the account his Mother
was of the. Family of Frazer, bai^ries fhe Arms of the ViP
cpun-^'of Arbmhnet,- viz. Azure^d- Crefcent between three
jfarj Argent, which for his pifference he places within an
Orle

Ghapw; IV. Of Compofed- atid Collatkdl A i^ m s. 5 i
Orle of Cinquefpils of the lafi, aiicicbtly call'd Frazes, i. e.
Strawberry Leaves. -At.
Alexander.. Lefly .of War dis, a, ypungei: Son bi Will'tam'
Lejly of Kincraigy, by his "VVife Agnes hvine Daughter
to the Laird of Drum, carried fPr Arhis, Argent on a Bend
j^zuv, betwixt two Holly Leaves Vert, three Buckles Or, the
the Leaves being the Figures of. his Mother's Bearin^,&as in
fAr. Font's ManHferiptofBk:Zons, wbiph as they occur will
¦jbe afterwards marked .at the End of bis Blazons by the Let
ters P's MS. fignifying Po«f's Manufcript. i.- •- i
The Right Honourable the Lord Balmerinoch is known
by bis Difference, to be defcended of a younger^Son of
Robert Lor,d Elphingfton,- Chief of bis Name^ (whofe Armo
rial Enfigns- are Argent a Cheveron Sable .betwixt ihree Soars
Hedds'eraz'd Gules armed of the Firft) and. his Lady Saruh
Moiiieith Daughter to Sir John Monteith of Kerfe, becaufe
he>,c:harges his C^^'U^row with Buckles, which was. a Part of"
his maternal Bearing ; his Lprdfhip's Bearing is. Argent on a
Chevema Sable betwixt th^ee. Boars Heads Gules, as -many
"Buckles Or. [Plate 1. tig. 11.]
Several Families of the Sirname of Rofe. who carry Water
Budgets, have compofed them with the Figfures- of. other
Familfes. As Rofe of F.a&.er-Kinfaum,^arr\Qd Or, a Fefs
Chequee Argent and Az-wr (fortlte "t^ameoi Stuart) betwixt
two. Water Budgets Sable. in Chief, and a Star. in bafe Sable,
whichl have feen -appended to aDifcharge, Anno. 1387.
Roje oi Kilravock, another ancient Baron, bears Or, a
Boar's Head couped Gules, betwixt three Water Budgets Sable,
becaufe one of the , Family niari ied an Heirefs of the
Name bf Chijholm. ¦ l, ^ - "l-
S^eyeral of the' Sirname of Watfon-htive tiiaternal Figures
added to their proper ones, Trees: Alexander Wat jvn of
Wcfllace-Craigie fometinie Provpft of Dundee, and hiSfho-
-iioured (grandchild Alexander Watfon.oi Wallace^Craigie-,
Argent an Oak T^ee growing out of a M&unt. proper, Jur-
•G -2 mounted

52 Of. Cmipeftd and Collateral Akms. Chap., iVt
mounted of a Fefs Azur, charged with a Star' of the
Firft. ' ' - , -^¦¦/ '-/
Halyburton of Pitcur, , a younger Son of the Family of
the Lord Halybur ton, carried Or, on a Bend Azur betwixt
three Boars Heads era£d Sable as many Lozenges ofthe Firft..
The Boarheads fhew his maternal Defcent from theChifholms,
whofe Heirefs they married, and with her got the Right to
the Lands of Pitmr ; he is now Chief of the Name; ^
By thefe maternal Figures we cannot know AVhether thefe
be2d5 3d, 4th or 5th Brothers, without other known Marks
of Cadency or Minute Differences, inch as the Lambel, Cref
cent, Molet, Martleti, (^c. without whichCadets are hardly
diftinguifhed frpm Principals, who have likewife been in
ufe to add to their Bearings a Part of their Mothers Arms
Heireffes,^ to fhewa Nobler Defcent" and Alliance,' and by
whom they have got Riches and Lands, as alfo upon other
Accounts, as afterwards. Thus, the Right Honourable
MaxufelEarlof Nithfdale places on his Saltier a Hedge-hog
Or. to perpetuate the Family of- the Lord Harris, of which
afterward. , ; j .. ' •**^'
\' Falconer of Hackerion carried of Old for Arms, Gales,
three: Hawk Lures Or, -afterwards they were altered to Or,
a Falcon's Head^proper, iffuing out of a Man's Heart Gules
between three Stars Azur, becaufe one of the Family mar
ry'd a Daughter of Douglafs Earl of Angus, of whom they
are 'defcended, the Heart and the Sf^^^j- being the Figures of
Douglafs; which Blazon'is illuminate in theHoufe ol Falahall
in the Year 1 604 : But now this Family, Chief pf the Name,
caxrieth Azur a Fakondifplafd between three Stars [Fig. 12.]
Argent, on its Briaft a Man'j Heart proper.
: . Cockbiirn of Ormi fton places a Fefs Chequee between his
Three Cocks, becaufe his Predeceffors got the Lands of Ormi-
fton, by marrying Lw^^^ Heirefs of Ormifton, which I f^bke
tb in my former Eifay.

Chip IV.^ Of Cotnpafed and Collateral Akms. 53
I am not to infift here in multiplying many Inftances of
Families compo&ig their Coats of Arms with the Figures of
other Families, to fliew their Alliance or Differences as Ca
dets, having liifficiently treated that Way in my former
Effayon Marks of Cadency. But to proceed tothe Method
ot Marfhalling many entire Coats ot Arms in one Siiield ;
before I get the Length, I cannot but take Notice here of' a
Method ufed of old of carrying feveral Coats of Arms, not
in' one Shield, but in difierent and diftind ones, or other
^ieees of Military Furnitme.
'For as I faid before. Arms Were not only look'd upon as
Enfigns of Honour, but as Marks of Noble Defcent, Alli
ances, of Property -to Tenitories, Offices and of other va
luable Things in their Pbffeffion, or of fheir Right or Pre-
teiifion tb' them, and-' they were not as now carried
in one Shield, but often chang'd them, carrying iome-
timesone, fometimes another, which I have already demon-
ftrated, and now I fhall fhew they catry'd them alfo indiffe
rent and. diftind Shields and other Military Furniture, upon,
their Seals of Arms, which gave Occafion for Seals, to be
made with two Sides, a Face and a.ReVerfe : The Face,
wherea Man is reprefented in a Throne or on Horfeback, with
a Shield of Arms is called the Royal and Equeftriain Side of
the Seal, andthe other Side, asl jufl now faid, the Reverfe i
On both Sides (before the Ufe bf marflialling) there were
diftind Arms, on the Equeftrian' Side, where a Man is re
prefented on Horfeback in his Surcoat, upon which were
Arms, and on the Capariffons of his Horfe were other Arms,
and on the Shield or Buckler on his Arm there were diftercnr
Arnts,' and on the Reverfe, another Shield of Arms accom
panied with other Shields of Arms, commonly call'd Col
lateral Shields, becaufe at the Sides of the principal or pater
nal Shield, which they accompany^, (as yet to be feen on
Foreign Coins, fiich as Dollars, 6'C.) To illuftrate this
Pradice, I fliall bring a few Examples from Olivarim Uredim's
CoUediei'is

»

,54 Of Cotf^efed^nd Collateral Akms. Chap. IY*
Colledions of the Seals of tbe Earls of Flanders, from our
own Country^ and from Sandford's Geneahgical Hiftory of
¦Englandi Baldwin Count Of Haynault and , Marquis of,
Namure, his Seal of Arms had two Sides,! Face ar^d Reverfe,
on the firft, was a Man on horfeback brand ifliing a Sword,
and about his Neck hung a Shield of Arms Bendy Sinifter of
. fix Pieces for the Earldom of Haynault, md on the Reverfe
was on a Shield of Arms, two (jheverons For the Marquis of
Namure, Anno ^78, he married Margaret Sifter^ Heir
of Philip Earl of Flanders-, flie bore to him Baldwin Eari
ef Flanders, who left two Heirefles, Jean and Margaret;
the fiift married to Fe^inand Son of San^tius King'-pf
Lufitmia, Anno 1 211, he had on his Seal of Arms on thp
one Side, a Man on Horfeback, in his Coat-armour j(or Sur-
-.coat) Burruly of ten Pieces, the Arms of Lufitaniay and
on his left Arm a Shield chargM with tbe Lion -of Flanders^
and on the other Side ofthe Seal, the Reverfe, was a Shield
charg'd with three Cheverons, the ancient Arms of Hanmnia^
fo that there were three, diftind Coat5 of Arms upon one
Seal. .
William Lord of Dampetra Earl of Flanders, by his Wife
Margaret the other Co-heir furviving of the above Baldwin
Earl o£ Flanders, his Seal, Anno 1247, had one Side Eque
ftrian, and on his left Arm the Shfeld of Arms of Flanders
charg'd with the L^on oi that Country, and the fame Lion
on the Capariffonsof his Horfe; and on the other Side the
ShieldofArms-of the Lordfhip of Dampetra, two Leopards.
Robert Earl of Flanders, Jmto 126^^ had on the Reverfe
of his Seal the Shfeld -of Arms of Flanders, between two
lefler Collateral Efcutcheons containing the Arms of Bethun
and Teneremund; and Ludovick Earl of Flanders his Seal,
Anno 11^2 hadhis Efcutcheonoi Flanders accompanied with
Four Collateral -Shields ofthe Arms of Countries belono ing*
tohim, o «

^t

Ghap. IV. Of Compofed and Collateral Arms, 55
It appears then that the Cuftom of Marflialling feveral
. Arms in one Shield, was not then in Ufe with the Earls of
Flanders ¦_ till the Burgundian Race, which began in Philip
Duke- of Burgundy a younger Son of John King of France,
who was the firft that quartered^ as is obferved before, the
Arms of Burgundy Modern with thefe of Burgundy Ancient,-
he married Margaret the Daughter and Heir of the above
.l^odovick Earl of Flanders, he dimidiated his Arms with
thofe of his Wife, of whi'ch in tlie following Chapter-
Other great Men in that Country, andin the Countries near
thereto^ continued afl the Arms: they had Right to, being
more than thefe in the above Examples,, placed, them at the
Sides and round their proper Arms in the Middle, which
are called Collateral Shields of Arms ;. which Pradice was,
and is yet frequent with the Princes of German) of which
the Curious may fatisfy themfelves in looking upon Olivarim
Uredius de Sigillis Comitmn Flandrite, from whom 1 fliall
proceed to fuch another Pradice at home, by giving a ieW;
Inftances, to put an End to this Chapter.
The Pradice of Collateral Shields was in Scotland before
the Ufe of Marflialling was frequent, as appears by the-
Seal of Pixms of Walter Lefty,, whamai'ried Euphdn Rofs,
eldeft Daughter and one of the Co-heir^ of William Earl of
Rofs, appended to a Charter o£ his,. Anno 13,75, upon
which were three Shields of Arms,, that in the Middle be
tween two Collateral ones, had the Arms of the Earldom
of Rofs, Three Liens Rampant,, tbat on the right Side was
the Shield of Arms of Lejly, having a Bend charged with
three Buckles, and on the left was a Shields with three Garbs,
for tlie Name of C«;«/»^ or the Country of Buchan, [Fig. 13.
Plate 1.3 I have feen all thefe Aims on a Seal formally
quartered, a few Year« after the 1375, of which in. anothec
Place. ^ y. ,
1 By the Favour of Mr. George Crawford a Gentleman of
LearnJog and .Probity, who with great Scrutiny and Veracity
is...

^6 Of Compofed and Collateral Akms. C&api IV.
is now publifliing an Hiftorical and Genealogical. lAqcpunt of
- the Peerage of Scotland, which will certainly wry- much
oblige his Country, I have feen fome Seals of Arms, one of
which having three Shields of Arms, I fliall here take
notice of, fuitable to the Subjed I'pi treiting ; it is appen
ded to a Charter of William Keith Mariflial of Scotland,aiid
Margaret Frazer his Spoufe, to- Robert Keith their Son, pf
the Barony of Strachan in the -Sheriffdom of Kincardin,
the loth of September 1375, which ends thus. In cujus rei
Teflimonium Stgilla Nofira confimiliter fiunt appenfa, which is
ingravenj [Plate i. Fig. 14. j where within three Semiu^
circles, are three Shields, the firft, that ot Keith Marifhcd^ •
on a Chief three Palets, on the other fix Cinquefoils difpofM\
S, 2, and I. which was for his Lady, and the third had '
moe Cinquefoils; but upon what Account I know not.
The Seal of Eupham Rofs fecond Vv^ife to King Robert II.
upon which, as Queen, fhe is reprefented in a Chair of State,
' at her right Hand, is the Shield of Arms of Scotland, and
at her lei t Hand that of the Earldom of Rofs her paternal
Coat, being Three Lions Rampant.
IhaVe alfo feen the Seal of Eupham Steuart Daughter and
Heir of David Earl of Strathern, eldeft Son of King Robert
II. by his fecond WifeEupham Rofs, appended to a Charter
of Confirmation of her's of the Date 1389, wherein fhe is
defigned Eufam Senefcal Comitffa Palatina de Strathern, ;
confirming the Donations made by Malcolm Drummond to
Sir David Murray of feveral Lands in the -Earldom of
Strathern, with the Gonfent of her two Uncles, Walter
Steuart Lord of Brechin, afterwards Earl of Athole, and Sir
^David Lindfay- of 'Glenesk, to which Charter all their Seals
were appended 'with tbe Countefs's in the Middle, having
on the one Side the Pidure of a Woman a^ Length, hold*-
ing by each Hand a Shield, that inthe Right was charged
with two Cheverons, on the other by the left was a Fefs .
^Chequee for Steuart, which two Arms were afterwards compofed ]

Tip i S^qqc ^<f

^Cafci

1^M^ood.:Sc

* II ¦'. ^/ ' .^ II,,--— ¦¦ . . _ ¦ 1. , , ..¦.I.J.I I i,. ,.,- —....-, .. .,.-,, I, -,„... ..— —
Chap. , IV. Of Compofed and Collateral Akms. 57
compofed together in one Shield by her Succeffors of the
Name of Graham, and quartered with the Arms of thofe pf
that Name, ef which afterwards.
The like Pradice was with the Englifh,. as in Sandfor^s
-above-named Hiftory, where the Seal of Arms 6f Eleanor
Queen to Edward I. being a Daughter of the King of
Cafiile and Leon, on the one Side ofthe Seal washer Effigies
between a Cafile and a Lion at her right Side, and a Lion and
Cafile at her left, fo difpofed as tiiey were marfhalled in her
Father's Arms, (the Way of marfhalling not being then
known in England) and upon the Reverfe of her Seal Was
the Efcutcheon bf England. Ifobel Daughter of Philip IV.
of France, Queen to Edward II. of England, bad her
Effigies on her Seal between two Efcutcheons, that on the
right Hand the Arms of England,, and the other on the left '
the Arms of France impaled with the Arms of Navane.,
thefe of her Mbther Joan, Queen of France, being the
Daughter and Heir of Henry 1. ^ing of NaVarre : This
Pradice, fays our Author, of having the Arms of Husband
and Wife on different Shields vvas before the Way of impaling
Arms in England, but the Pradice was then in France, as
by the forefaid Example of France impal'd with Navarre.
But more of impalling Arms pf Husband and Wife, and,
'Other Ways of marflialling them in the following Chap
ter.

1^ CHAP,

58;

C H A P. V.
of Marriage.

1 Begin with Marriage, not only as one of the chief
Caufes of Marfhalling different Coats of Arms, in one
Shield, but alfo upon the Account,, that the Arms of
Husband and Wife are marlhalled the plaineft Ways. Be
fore I proceed, I fhall fpeak a little of the ancient Ufe of
Arms carried by 'Women.
It cannot bethought, that they had diftihguifliing Enfigns
of their bwn, fbfbon as Men, not being exei;cifed jn "War,
nPr in* the Ufe of Military Inftrumeitts, upon which they
were firft to be feen, yet when Arms came to be Hereditary
to all the Iffoe of great Men, as Tefferas and Marks of a
Noble Defcent, Women then began to make Ufe of thofe
ot their Fathers, on their Habits, and to have them in
Lozenges, Or, Fufilfhields, to fhew their Defcent, and at
Length to join them with thefe of their Husbands in Format
Shields. Upon their Habits, fuch as Mantles and Kirtles, the
Pradice feems to be ancient, for in fold illuminate Books of
Herauldry and other Paintings; great Ladies are reprefented
with Arms on their Mantles, and Kirtles, and Heraulds tell
us, when the fame Arms are both on Mantle and Kirtle,
they are then thofe of their Fathers, and when there are
Arms on the Ma?itle different froni thefe on the Under Habit the

Cnap. V. Of' Marriage. $9
the Kirtle, fhe is then a V\'ife, thefe on the Mantle belong
to her Husband, who is as a Cloak or Mantle to fhroud the
Wife from all Violence,, and the other on the Kirtle belong
to her Father; for Women have no prdper Arms of tbeir
own, but thefe of their Fathers : Yet in later Times we meet
with fome Conceffions bf Arms granted by Sovereigns, to
virtuous Ladies, of whi'ch afterwards.
By the univerfal Frad'ice of Europe- unmarried Wome«
placed their Paternal Arms in Lozenges or Fufil Shields, as by
the follbwing,Examples.
-Heraulds tell us. That "Wjomen cannot catry their Arms
in formartriangular Shields, except under'thefe two Condi
tions, Firft, ' That they be Sovereign £ueens or Princeffes
£itta Naturam Nobilioris , Sexus participant, fays SAr John
Fern, and may trim their Shield pf Ai^ms with, all the.exte-
riour Ornaments belonging toa King or Sovereign Prince,
as Qiieen Mary -bi Scotland carriedthe Royal entire Atchieve-
ment of that Kingdoni, and Q^aeen Elizabeth did that of
England: But £ueen Dowagers, fays he, are not allowed to
carry the Sovereign Arms, tho' impaled with their own, in
aformai triangular Shield, but in a Lozenge one; for an
Inflance, I fhall give the Seal of Armsof Jean ^ueen Do%va-
ger of king Ja?nes I. Mpther of King Jatnes II. a Daughter
^of John Earl of Somerfet, appended to an Indenterbetwixt;
her and Sir Alexander Livingftoun of Callender, anent the
Delivery of her Son the ^ypung King's Perfon, to be kept by
the faid Sir Alexander in the Caftle oi Stirli/ig, oi the Date
the Fburth of September i^^9, bn which isa Lozenge Shield .
with ' her Arms, Quarterly France and England within a
Border gobonated, impaled, bn the left Side with thefe of
Scotland on the Right, as Hg. 15. But the Mo/k?'x pf a
King' as Heir to the Crown has been allow'd fo carry her
Arm's in formal triangijilar Shields, as I obferve by the Prai^ice
of England, yea tho' fhe had not been the Wife of a King,
but the Mother of one, as Margaret Beauff:rd Dutchefs of
H 2 Somerfet

do Of Marriage. Chap.. V.
¦,,.— . —  - ,¦¦¦, — ,¦¦¦ .-¦ — I ¦ ..I .¦¦¦^— ¦ . I I I . ¦¦ j^m
Somerfet, who was married to Edmund Tudor, and bore to
him Henry VIL of England, > who claimed the Crpwaki
Right of his Mother, flie fiv'd to fee her Grand-child Henry
- VIII. Her Seal ojf Arms given us by Sandford, has a fPrmal
triangular Shield, with the Arms of her Family, OuarteAy ¦
France and England within a Border gobbonated, and the
Legend round, Sis.illwn Dinime Mirgaret^e Comitiffa Rich-
mondia (^ Derbia, Filia (^ H^eredis Joannis Du is Sommerfet
ac Matris Hennci Septimi.
vThe 2d. Exceptioi is from a Cuftom, allowing married
Women to place their ArniJ within afor ml Shield, provided
it beclofs joined with that of their Ha.ba:id, which Way is
called Accolee, or with the Arms of their Husband iaone
foimal Shield, either by Dimidiarion or Impalement,, or by
Way of an Efcutcheon over the Husband's Arms,, of which I;
fhall treat feparately, fnd illuftrate by Examples.
Our ancient Hiftprians and Heraulds tell us. That the
Daughters df Princes carried their Father's Arms very ancient
ly, as Tefferas oi their Royal Defcent, as. Bonaventura'
Strachan in his Manufcript Germania per Scotos, Chriftiana
(in the Lawiers Library) where he gives for .his VoiKher ah
old Hiftorian, Arnoldus Uvion, in additionibus ad lignum Vit4
that Richarda Daughter to Gregory Kingpf Scotland, when
flie came to France to be married to King Charles theGrofs
of France, fhe carried her Father's Arms, Or a Lion Ram
pant within a double TreffUre counter-flowr'd Gules, and the
fame Arms are given to Maud Daughter to King Malcolm
Canmore, who was married to Henry I. of England^ by
Mr. Miles an Englifh Writer, being warranted from his Uncle
Robert Glover Somerfet Herauld, and other Antiquaries he
meritionsinhisEpiftle Dedicatory, butuoneof thefe Writers
do ffiowhow the Arms of thefe Princeffes were carried on
Mantle, Kirtle, Lozenge or impaled any cA the WaysabOiVei:
mentfoned with the Ai ras, of their Husbands. To

Gha^p. V. Of Marriage. 6i
To run to ancient Seals for the Pradice of Women's Arms,
we will find them but late there, and even thofe ot Men ;
for as Ihave fhown before, that tho' Seals be thefureft Do
cuments for Arms, yet they are not the ancienteft Utenfils
that Arrns were jSrft placed upon, and we cannot bring their
firft Ufe from them, tlio' to MaUd the Emprefs, Daughter
of the former Maud and Henry I, ' of England, Heraulds
afcribe the Arms of her Father yet on her Seals ufed by her
at different Times as Queen of. England^,, ihe had no Arms
but her own Image crpwn'd, holding a Sceptre in her Right
Hand, and a Bird on her Left.
On the Seal given us by Olivarius Vredius belonging to-
Margaret, Sifter and Heir to Phiiip Earl of Flanders, in the
Year 1187. there are no Arms on her Seal, tho' her Brother
and Progenitors had Arms on their Seah.
Sandford gives as the Seal of Eleahor Queen to King Henry-
nr. 1x16. which had no Arms on the Face but tlie Image of
a Woman ftanding on a Pedeilal, upon which was a Leopard,
and on the Reverfe of her Seal the Shield of Arms of her
Husband; yet that Author tells as, that, that Qj-ieen's pater
nalArms were elfewhere to be fe^n on the Windows ofthe
Abbayof Weftminftery in "a Formal ShieW, being Or, jour
Pallets Gules. He likewife tells us, that another Eleanor
Queen to Edward I. began to place her paternal Figures
at the Side of her Image, as I have Ihow^ before; The firft
Countefs of Flanders that carry'd her Arms in a formal
Shield was Jean Connteisoi Flanders in the Year 1237.
as I have'obferv'd. ; »- -
I have not had the Qrcafion of feeing many of our old
Queens and great Ladies Seals, but thefe F mentioned before
inthe former Chapter, which I fliaHnot here repeat a^ain,
whofe Arms were in form.al Shields.. Sir George, Mackenzie
in his Science of Herauldry, gives us the Sealof M«r^/^Coun-
tei of Strathern,^ with her ArmSa Or, two Cheverons Gules
. ¦ . • > on.

62. Of Marriage. Chap. V.
on a formal Shield, all within a Lozenge one, in the Year
1284. " , . ¦; .. ,,-(•,
But to proceed tothJe Method orWaysofmarftj/tlli^the
.Arms of Husband and /-^/^ befoTe-mentibned ; The -Firft, is
by twp Shields joined together divided at the planks, which
the French call Accolee. The Kings of France have been in
Ufe to carry their Arms fo with thofe of the Kingdom, of
Navarre,Cmce they marry'd w^ith the Heirefs of that Countlryj
and I doubt ript but this Method of marfhalling Husband
and Wife proceeded" from tlie 'Way of ufing collateral Shields,
as above treated on, before the Ufe oi marfhalling or im
paleing Husband and Wife, which afterwards came in Ufe in
England, of which there is a particular Inftance in Sandfor4's
Hiftory, of the Seal bf Margaretpntchefs oi Norfilk,Dangh-
ter of Edward 1. who had two Husbands, whom fhe fur-
vived in the Reign of her Brother Bdward II. upon which
fhe had her own Shield of Arms, being thofe of Fnglaiicf,
with a Label of five Points Argent, between two other Shield
Accolee;, that pn the- Right containing the Arms of her firft
Husband John Lord, Segrave, vi^. Sable a Lion Rampant
Argent crowned Or, and the other Pn the Left ; with the
Arms of her fecond Husband Sir 7ffl|//er Md«»y, Or three
Cheverons Sable. But 'tis ftrange why fhe ufed on her owq
Arms the Isabel, which is, .the prifure of a younger Son, for
Daughters carry no Marks of Cadency but their Fathers Arms
entire. . ,¦,¦- ^j: .,, ^-.-^^ , :^4 ,•¦';, • / , - - •
This way of carrying fiusband and Wife's Arms. Accolee
has been pradifed in France, tho' not frequently, as Mene-
ftrier obferves. I have feen feveral Inftances of this Pradice
With us," on the Entries of fome old Houfes of Edinburgh, and
in the Country too j-^nd^to Exemplify, I have cfiifed enJ-
grave the Arms of niV, very gopd, Friend the^uuch tpbecorp?
mended Gentleman Hemy Frazer Rofe Herauld. andHerau0
Painter, for his careful and curious Colled'ions of the Bla-'^
zons, Defcents and Marriages oi our Nobility and Gentry; without

Chap! y. Of Marriage. 63
without which, their FunejaL Efcutcheons with their Branch
es, Pioofsoi their Nobflity and Gentry cannot be got trim
med, as Occafion offersi but. with great Difficulty and Un-
certaiijity, to whpm Fm much obliged for his many fingular
Kindrigfles, and tree A.qc?fs.tOi his Books, he carrfes Parted
per Pale Azur ai^d^ Argent three Cinquefoils counter changed',
Accollee, with thefe of his WifeElizabeth Chambers,, defcen-^
ded; of the.. Family oi Gadgirth, viz. Quarterly Fhft and
Fourth Az4r, a Star Argent, td and ^^d Or, a Fefs. chequee
GMles,'an,d Argent^ [Plate 1. Fig. 1 6.} , ?
The Arms ot Mr. James Smith' of WhitehiU, Archited
and Mafter; of Works in Scotland, he has his Adrm&.ait in Cop-
SN> per-plate for another defigned Treatife of mine, Accolee, wiih
thefe pf his Wife Janet Miln, eldeft Daughter to Robert
Miln of Balf argue, yiz. Firft Azur. three Flames of Fire pro
per, on a chief Argent a Ihiftk proper, Accolee, with Or a Crofs
Moulin Azur pierced of. tke Field, and accompanied with three
Stars of the Second, for. ih^,hiame of Miln...:
Impaleing of Husband and Wife in one Shield, is frequent
evei^ where, which is done two Ways!; the Firft by Dimi-
diation^ the Second by an .entire Impalement : For the Firft,
it is the ancienteft Method, tho' now much in defuetude,
and there are two Ways of it, (as, by the above-mentioned
Sandford) Firft, when the Shield of Arms of the Husband
and Wife are cut into, two equal Halfs,,.the right Half of the
Husband's is joined with the left Half of the JVife's, which
make up a formal Shield of Arras;, for j.Exam pie, he gives
us thefe carry'd by Margaret de Clare Daughter of Richard
Earl of Glocefter andHartfoord, with thefe of her Husband
Edmund Earl of Cornwal, fo dimidiate on her Seal of Arms,-
[fig. I. Plate 2.] Argent a LionRampant Gules crowned Or,
within (I Border Sable Bezantee, fpr the Husband ; dimidiat
with Or three Cheverons Gules, for the Wife. Our Author
-.- tells us alfo, the Arms ^ Ijobel de Rivers Heirefs and, Coun
tefs of Devon, were dimidiat as the former, with thefe of
her

Of Marriage. « Chap* V.

hei- Husband William de Fortibus Earl of Albemar, in the
Rei^n of Edward I. furrounded with this Pentametre, Non
cmet effedu quod voluere duo-; for the Blazon, I refer the
Curious to our Author's Book, where he tells us, that this
way of Dimidiation was very much in Ufe in England in
the Reign of Edward I. and long before the Ufe of Entire
Impalements; and that Margaret Sifter to Philip IV. of
France^ fecond Wife to the fame Edward, had on her Seal
the Arms of England, fo dimidiat with thofe of France, and
was the firft Qiieen of England that had her Arms fo mar
lhalled, in the Year 1299.
But this way of Dimidiation looks not well, for the Ar
morial Figures are fo far diminiflied and deformed that they
•cannot be known, as thefe in the Example bf Clare^ the
Limbs oi the Cheverons are l&e BendUts^ fo th^t this way
of Dimid,iaiion-w:as foon laid Tifide.
Tfiere is another wayof Dimidiation more diftind, and
more frequently ufed with us, and other Nations, in dimi-
diating'only the Husband's Arms, by placing the Wife's en
tire Arms upon the left Half of the Husband^s^ as by the
Seal of Arms of Philip the Bold Dnke of Burgundy, inthe
Year 13 81-. who carry'd quartedy Burgundy Modem and
Ancient ; upon his Marriage with the Daughter and Heirefs
of Ludovick Earl of Flanders, his Arms were dimidiat with
his Wife's, being placed upon the left Half of her Husband's
<]uarter'd Arms ; fo that the 2d and 4th Quarters are abfcon
ded, and the i ft and 3d Quarter only f^n [as Fig* i.
Plate 2.]
Mary Qrieen 'of Scotland, when marry^d to Francis U.
of France, on her Great Seal had the Arms bf Scotland
and France dimidiat, the Arms of Scotland lying on the left
iHalf of the French Arms, being Asur three Flower-de-lifes
Or. two inChief, and one dn Bafe; fo that the Flower-de-lis
mn thejinifter ehirf Point, and the Half of the Flower-ds^Hs in

Chap. V. Of Marriage. "' e^
in Bafe, are abfconded by the Arms of Scotland. [Fig.^.
Plate 2.]
Amongft niany ancient Pieces and Documents of Honour,
belonging to " that ancient and truly Noble Family of 5^a?o«,
(where Herauldry, Nobility and Vettue, for many Ages, have
been {plendid, as will appear t)iro' this Treatife.) I fhall
give here one Inftance of a few Noble Perfons, Heads of
' that Family, in Impaleing, by way of Dimidiation, their
Arms with thofe of their Ladies, which are yet to be feen
(notwithftanding all the bad Treatment that Noble Family
has met with ot late) on the Roof of Samfon's Hall, in the
Palace of Seaton, there are Twenty Eight large Atchieve-
ments of the Nobility related tothe Family, with that of the
Sovereign, all curioufly Embofs'd and Illuminated in the
Year 1524. by the Order of George Sixth Lord Seaton, a
noble and eminent Patriot for his Sovereign and Country in
the worft of Times, his Arms being ^uartlrly Firfi and
Fourth, Or, three Crefcent (. TVithin a double Treffure flower d
and counterflower'd with Flower-de-lifes Gules, tor tbe Name
of Seaton, fecond and third Azure three Garbs Or, for the
Earldom of Buchan, which are dimidiat with thofe of his
Lady Ifabel_ Hamilton Daughter of Sir William Hamilton of
Sorn and Sanquhar, one ot the Senators of the College of
Juftice, defcended of Sir David Hamilton of "That-ilJc, one
of the Progenitors pf the prefent Duke'bf Hamilton, her pa
ternal Arms being Gules three Cinquefoils Ermine within a
double Treffure flower'd and counterflower'd Argent ; her
Mother was a Daughter of the Earl of Caffils, [Plate 2.
J'/^.4.] Their Son and Succeffor vcas Robert ^\ft Earl of
Wintnn, of whole Succeffion and Additaments ot Honour
afterwards. ,
George Fifth Lord Season, Father of the former, car
ry'd the above quarter'd /Ar ins, which were dimidiat
with thofe of his Lady, fElizabnh Hay, eldeft Daughter
to George Lord Tefter, which are Quirt erly Firft .ar-d.
Fourth Azure three Cinquefoils Argent, Second and '^hird
I 'GJes

66 Of Marriage. Chap.jV. '
"TK.) "" I I J ,1 — — I '"¦  -"- ''— ' u  ' ' ' ¦"-' ' ' ' '  -'
Gules three Bars Erminei- and by vway of Surtout, Argent'\
three In-e'icutcheons Gules. Again, his Father George FourthI
Lord Seaton, haisalfo his Arms impaled by way of Dimidi
ation (pn the forefaid Roof /with thofe of his Lady Jean-
Hepburn, eldeft Daughter of Patrick h>ft Earl ot Eothwel:
Lord Crighton and HaleSy being j^l^arterly ifi and ^th Gukr\
on a Cheveron Argent^ two Lions pulling at a Roje ^oj the fir ft i
2d ands-d,. Or, a Bend Azur:- This Lord George was kill'd
at the Battle of Flowden, fighting valiantly tor his King~and\
Country;, his Corps were bi ought home and liiterr'd in fbe^
Collegiat Church of Seaton, hi;? Lady built the North Ifle of
that Church, where the Earls of the Family now ly, as alfo.
the Fore-work of Seaton Houfe, and above the Gate caus'd
cut on a large Stone het Husband's Arms, with her own, byt
way of an entire Impalement, (^ot which immediately.; All'
thefe Ladies quartered Arms are entire in tiieir Figures and-;
2uarters, lying on the left Side of their Hu.sbahd's Arms^j
abfcondin^ their 2d and 4th f^arters,_ as may be obferved at -
Dimidiation doeS better with quartered Arms,^ than with
a fingle Coat, fpr then Part of the principal Fi^ule or Figures'
of theHuiband are abfconded by the' Wife's ; yet this vVay'
o\ Impalement has been anciently ufed all Europe over by the
moft Npble Families,^ and that not only upon the account of
Marriage,^ bnt upon other Accounts;, fbr in Upper and'
Lo'ver Germany many Demi-Eagles and Lions 'are^ yet to be -
feen in Armorial Bearings of Great-Men, fince the Prince of>
Swabia (as Meneftrih- obferves) was chofen Emperor, who!
then carried the E^^/^' ot theEmpire dimidiat wjth the Lion'
of 5'(jy^^w, and in Imitation of him. many Families in Poland-
and Friezland carry'd Demi-Eagles, for which he vouches one.
Junius, whofays, PfifiiClfpeis (^ Inftgnibus dimidiatas A- .
q^ilas plerumque adjiciunt,(jc. But to proceed to the otlier^
Method of marfhalling the Arms of Husband aild Wife by
entire Jmpaleme.nt ; ' " " '
Entiri'-

-^ — ¦  ' — ' . I I ¦¦ - I I
- ,^=hap;- y. Of' Marriage. " 67
'\ Etitifelmpfilement, is by dividing the Field of Arms into
two equal Parts, by a Pfi/^'r Line''or Purfel of a Pencil, the
tiuisbahd's Arms entireon the Right, and the Wife's fo on
the Left, to Ihew that the; Husband and Wife aretwo Halts,
;; which make an entire Whole; and thefe are called by the
"Englifh, Baton and Femme: By this way of Impaleing^'whi^h
is nbw frequently ufed, no Figure is abfconded or cut off,
excebt fometimes that Side of the Border of the Husband's
"or Wife's Arms', that is next tp the Paler or dividing Line.
The Engliflj, as Guillim, mate a Diftiraflion bf marriage,
^tngieandHe.r'editary ; the one bring no hereditary Pbffeffionis,
the other do, being married withHeire^ffes : The Firft has thefe
Forms above-mentioned of Marfhalling, but their Children
fliall have no further to do with rfie Mother's Coat, (fays our
Author) than to fet up.'the fame in their Houfe pateways,
after the forefaid Manner, fo to. continue the Memorial of
their Fither'sMatch with fu,cha Family; but, asl have faid
before, the Children of thp fingle Match have; Right to take
a Part of their Mother^s " Coat, ahd compofe with their
paternal Figures, to fhew their Defcent, and difference them
felves from other Branches ofthe Fariiily-., The 'hereditary
"Marriage (fays oiir Author), has a^f^rerbgativc which the
former has not. That tlie Baron having received Iffuefro^ii
his Femme, it is in his Choice Whether he will bear her
Coat by hnpalement or .elfe in an Inefcntc.heon.upbn his own,
-and the Heir of thefe tVo" Inheritors , fliall bear thefe two
hereditary .Coats of his Father and Mother, to himfelf and
his Heirs 2^arterly, tofhW, that the' Inheritance as well of
the Pofleffion, as of the Coat of Arms,* are inyefted in them
"'and their Pofterity; ,of which more immediately. As for
Examples of the Firft. '^''
John Veitch of DawiCk,Chiei of his Name,Reprefentative
• of an Ancient and Knightly Family in Tweeddale, Argent
three Cows Heads erafed Azur, armed andlangued Gules, im
paled with thdfe of his Lady Mdrgdret Nisbet, a Great-
I 2 ' ;grandchil4

68 of Marriage.' Chap. V.
grandchild of the ancient and principal Famfly of: Nisbet of
That-ilk, in the Merfs, Argent three Boars Heads erafed
Sable, armed and langued Gules. ^ [Plate. 2. Fjg. 5.]
John Mow of Mains, in the Sheriffdom of Berwick,
lineal Male Repiefentative, of the ancient Family of Mow of
That-ilk in Teviodale (of late called Belfoord by a Purchafer
of that Barpny of the Name of Bell) I could give feveral,
I?ocuments if I were to infift upon fuch Things here, of the
Antiquity of that ancient, and fometimes numerous Family,
many of which Family, as in our Records, have been Hoftages
tp the Englifh for keeping the Peace between the borderers
of Scotland and England. There's a Contrad betwixt the
Abbot of Kelfo and the Laird of Mow hi the Regifter of
Kelfo, an Abftrad of which is in -the. Hands vof Riddel of.
That-ilk, where his Predeceltor Sir Robert Riddel, is Cau
tioner ior Mow of That-ilk, Anno 1270. The laft Laird
of Mow, a great Sufferer for his Sovereign King Charles . I.
married a Sifter of Sir. Alexander Nisbet of That-ilk, his
Grand-child John Mow of Mains married a Daughter of,
Brymer oi Weftertoun in Fife, and of F,dr am in theMers,
their Arms are impaled, as Fig. 6. Plate 2., viz. , Eor.Mow,
:Azur, a Boar's Head erafed Argent armed and langued Gules,
betwixt three Mullets of the fecond, two In Chief, and one in
Bafe, Parti with Or, a Fefs ermine between three Dragons „
Heads,, erajed Gules, for Brymer. But to proceed, ' -
There are three, Rules obferved, in. irppafing the Arrns df
Hv^bfinddind Wife; FirftfThat the Husband's.- Arms are. ail-
ways placed on the right as jB/a>(9«, and thefe of the Femm -.
on the left Side; fome fay, when the Wife's Arms are thefe
of a Sovereign or high dignified Feu, they may be placed on
the right Side in an Impalement, ,and' give for Inftance thofe .
Arms on the Surco?.t and Seal, of John oi^Gaunt Duke (^f
^Lpicafter, who married. for his fecond Wife Cbnftapce Daugh
ter and Heh of Peter King of. Caftile and .Leon, her Arms
>^'E^ .^"^P^lc'^ on the right Sidc^: But to'ihis, Sandford gives f
a '

Ghap. V. , Of: Marriage. - . 69
:;;!r^afatisfadory Anfwer,' -that thefe were- not marflialled upon
the Head of Baron and Femme ; ¦. but upon the Accounttof
the Right of Pretenfion, her Husband; had by her to the.
 Sovereignty ot the Kingdoms of Caftile and Leon., ,
The 2d Rule. Heraulds give , us, that- no Husband can
' impale, his WifeN Arms with his own, on a Surcoat of Arms,
- Etfigns and Banners upon the Account' of Baron and Femme
oiily, but as they are, thefe of digniffed Feus, to which he^
has Right by his Wife, he may then, ufe them on fuch Uten
fils, '4S Arms of Pretenfion or Feudal ones... r
f '^dly. When the Husband impaies'the Wife's Arms ^with
' -liisown, he cannot furround the Shield with the Ordet; of the
' Garter, as Sandford obferves, for this Reafon, tho' a Husband
'may give- his equal Half ot his Efcutcheon, and hereditary
Hbnour, yetbe cannot fhare his temporary Order of Knight
hood with- her; fo that the Knights Companions pf any
' fovereign Order cannot by the Pradice of Herauldry furround
their Sliield of-- Arms with Collars of fovereign Orders,
y. when their Wife'sare impaled with them, meerly upon the
-" Account of B^>;o«' and Femme (yet in my Opinion the Collar
may be placed at the Side of the Husband's Part of the
Shield for his Honour) except the Sovereigns of thefe Orders
"have an- hereditary Riglit^ whether Male or Female. . The
Kings of- England and Scotland havebeen in Ufe, to«furround
their Arms irhpaled with their Queens, with;their refpedive
: Orders of Knighthood of which they were Sovereigns; I
' have feen the Arms of Fmncis King of France, impaled with
thofe of his Queen; Mary of Scotland, furrounded with the
Collar of the Order of St. Michael; land her Arms alone
'fitrroundcd with the Order of the Thiftle of which,^fhe was
V Sovereign^ and is fo in graven on the Boxing ofthe-Chimney
i in the -great Hall of the Palace of, Seton {fo called in our
Kings Charters to the. Earls oiWinton) and. on the other
Side, are . the Arms of G^i9>g^ Lord Seton, furrounded wkh-
t^ Collar pf the Order of St* Andrew, or th&.Tbifile. , Mary

7° Of.Mafriagf.' ¦ Ghap^^y.
iM4ry Queen oiEnglandhM her.'Armsf n^paled withjthsfe
of her Husband Philip bf iSpain^l fhrroumded with the. Order
oi the Garter. Thofe' InftancK cannot precedent.fotany
lefs concerned, for^Framis and the Maries were Soverejgogof
Orders', and FMip la Knight of Itlief aft.: Jt feems by this
Pradice, that the Widows of Sovereigns, tho' thejf,.Ar^M
continue impaled with their deceas'd Princes's, are.'nfft
furrounded with: the Collars of their Orders; fpr as lob;
ferve, Albert Arch Duke of Auftria and Diike of Burgmdy
Sovereign of the Order of the Golden Fleeee,. havir^^ij^r-
ried Ifobel Infanta, Daughter ¦ arid Heir of Philip II. of
Spain, 'marflialled her Arms vvith his Pwn, and furroundfed
them with the Collar of the Golden Fleece when ajivci hut
after bis Death his Prindefs carried 'the Arms of herdeceai'd
Husband impaled wfth her own, and inflead. of being fiir-
rounded with theforefaid Collar, it waso^ly with aCordeli'er,
as on her Seal in Olivarim Ukediu6's:Co\kdmh&. SinceFain
fpeakingbere of Ifobel Infanta of Spain, and the Fafliioniof
her Armorial Bearing When a Wife, and a Widow, I think
it not impr<»per here to fhew. her Shield of Arms when, a
Maid, being fomething fingular to us, tho' ordinary iu her
own Country • fhe had on her Seal of Arius white unniar-
ried, a Lozenge Shield,: parted per Pale, on : the, left Half
the Arms bf her Father for her own^ and the right Side was.
Blank (without Arms for a Husband) called Arjns of. E&:-
pedatim, which it feems was then a Cuftom in Spain for
young Ladies, that were refolved to marry: . Which Shield
of Ifobers, Olivarius Uredius gives in his Colledions .with
thefe Words, In Ifobell^ infignibus dextrum fcuti laMs
^acuuni quod Expedativum vocant indkat Ifobellam adM
innuptam dr in ilk infignia -Mariti expedantem finifirum autem
aucupdnt infignia Patris ejus Philippi 2di. Here it is to be
obferved. That the Wife gives always the right Hand in the
' ^Shield tothe Husband, tho' flie does not know what Quality
-he niay be of; ¦> ~ . r ^ When

Chap. V.J Of MarriagL \0 '"' 71
:When one; niarnes an? Heirefs, ,h^ may either injpale or
quarter her Paternal Coat with.his own, or place hpr Arms
by Way of an Ineftutcheonoverhisovvn Afnis. , r
It istrjue,i that the Cuftombf quartering the Wife's Coat
upon the Accou'nt that ifl»e is an Heirefs -is not fp frequent iq
other Countries,' except it be upon the Account of No.blfi
Feus, as with us in Scotland, wherea late Cuftom has fp far
prevailed, tliat thofe whfi. marry Heireffes quarter their
Arms with their :.bwri:; pt which I ihail add thefe few
Inftance*. -.'f /'n^>j2ci •;;i:fn;'._ , ,. ,. ' i-
The Right ¦ Honourablej William Johnfton Marquis of •
Annandale, Earl of Hart field, and Lord Johnfton, Chief
of bis Name,- carried Argent a Saltir Sable, on a chief.
Gules thr£eiCttfkians Or, but upon his Marriage^, with the.r
Hs^refs of Crai^hail of. the ^ame, of Fairholitiy be quartered
her Arms with his own, being. Or, an Anchor in, pale,
G^ies, -'-'-iO. .. .¦: -ni.u ":,,'  ' v.
Sir James Dahymfle Prefident of the Seflioji, and after
Vifcpuntof 5jfl/V, qirartered the C Pat of 'his Wife with his
own^ who was .M::(>g«rer eldeft; Daughter and Co-heir; of;
James Rofs oi Balnul arid Caricruch near Gknluce in Galloway, \
as in our new Regifter ot Arms,- ; (Quarterly firft. Or, on a
Saltire Azur nine Lozenges of the firft. for Dahyniple, 2d.
Or a Cheveron checquee<, Sable and Argent between three,
Water Budgets of the. feccnd, for Rofs, third as the fecond^.
and the fourth as the firft.
Their eldeft Son Sir John Dalrymple,, married Elizabeth j
Dundafs Heirefs of Ne-wli fton, placed, her Arms, Argent a
Lion Rampant Gules, by, way, of Surtout, that is, an Incf- .
ctftcheon, over his Father's quartered Arms, as before ; he
was created Earl of ^ra/r, : Vifcount of Dahymple, and Lord .
Newlifton, Anno 1703. [Plate 2. Fig. 7.I
It is a frequent Cuffom with the- £wg/{/^ to placetheCoat
of Arms of the Wife, being, an Heirefs, in an Jnefcutcheon, ,
inthe Centre of the Hu§band> Arms, .which th^y call an,i
Ejcuicheon.s

Of MdrriagL - : ' Q^p, V:;'

-Efmttheon'of Pretence, becaufe -he^ pfetendeth' t© bear the
fame Cpat to himfelf, as to, his Heiref, as Guillim Aay s, i%i
his Difplay of Herauldry, where he gives us feveral Examples,^
and even vvhere the Huiband's Coat is fo plain, thatiit:h^s'
but one ^Figure, the Inefcutcheon with the :Wife's Arms rjs
placedupon it; and where'there are./Zjt'eef/^;/;:^/, Two and'
One in a Shieldonly, it is placed inthe Centre betwixt them:
Which Pradice looks not well, and, in my Opinion, Ihould,'
befhunn'd as informal, in bruifing aijd abfconding the only^
Armorial Figure in the Firft, and in the Second, by obftru-\
ding a regular -Blazon, in which the Figure in the Centre, is
to be begun with, before thofe that accompany it, whichcan-
not be done here by beginning with the 'Wife's; fo. that ifis
more convenient and feemly for the Husband that has fuch
plain Arms to impale or quarter them with thbfe ; of ;• his
Wife an Heirefs; and if -the Husband have quartered Arms, ,
then the Efcutcheon of Pretence will ftand handfomely by j
way'bf SUrtoUt.
When a Husband has had two Wives, (Heireffes or not
Heireffes) and would have their Arms with his own marfhal-
led, the-Husband's Shield may then be tierced in pale, i. e',
divided into three equal Parts perpendicularly, the Husband's,
Arms placed in tire middle Area, andthe "Wife's two Cba|s .
onthe right and left Areas., or they may be otherwife difpo
fed thus, Parti mi-coupee to the Sinifter, ?. e. the Shield be-,
ing divided into two equal Halfs by a Paler Line, the Huf-
band's Arms'on the right Side, -and the left Side, divided
by an horizontal Line above, and below are placed the
Arms.of tbe two Wives, as frequently priidrled with us op
Funeral Efcutcheons : And for an Example, I ihall here give
the Arms of Sir William Scot of Thirlftoun, which may be
thus marfhalled, with thefe ot his two Ladies, viz. His,
Or on a Bend Azur within a double Treffure of the laft, a Star
betwixt two Creftents of the firfi. Parti with, mi-coupeeto
4he Sinifter, in Chief,. Argent a Saltire ingraled cantoned n ith.
with

11

1Chap. V. Of Marriage.
with four Rofes Gules, for his firft Lady Elizabeth Naper
Daughter and Heirefs of the Lord-Naper : And in Bafe Argen^
ona Chev^ron-Qules topped with aThiftle'proper, between three
Boar Heads erafed Sable, armed and langued of the fecbnd., as
many CinqUefrils of the Field, for his -fecond Wife' Jedii
Nisbet, only Daughter of Sir John Nisbet of Dirltoun a
.famous Lawier, AdvPeaite to JCing Charles II. and one of
the Senators of the College of Juftice, defcended of Nisbet
¦*of That'-ilk in the Sliire of Berwick. [Plate 2. Fig.^. .'"
When a Wife would have the Arms of her two Hu§bands
Reprefented in one Shield with her own, then it is divided
per Pale Mi-coupeeto the Dexter, her two "Husbands Arms on
•tlie Right, and her own on the Left. As tor an Example,
I fhall make bold to give here the Arms of her Grace Anne
Scot Dutchefs of Bucdeugh, witli tl^ Arms of her twp
Husbands, firft James Duke oi Monmouth, Natural Son tb
King G^ar/^j"^II. the Arms of Britain vf ith. a Batton finifter
Gules, and in B^fe thefe of fief Grape's fecond. Husband^
the Lord Cam-waliis of Eye. in Suffolk, Sable, gutty Argent,
on a Fefs of the laft three Cornift^ choughs [proper, which two
Coats on the Right, are pahi wi^h her Grace's on the Left,
viz. Or on a Bend Azur, a Star between two Crefcents of the
Field, as Plate -2. Fig.. 9.
Mr. ^.ent in his. Grammar of Herauldry, fays, if a Man
^do marry three Wives, the twp firft fhall have the chief
Part, and the third all the Bafe. If he have a fourth Wife,
flie muft participate of the Bafe with the third iVife. And
¦'Guillim in his Difplay of Herauldry, gives us an Example of
the Arms of a Man ofthe Name of Clifton, impaled inthe
.Middle with the Arms of his feven Wiyes, four on tliip
dexter Side, and three on the 'Sinifter, all Bar-way. <, that is
to fay, the Shield is tierped, divided into thi-ee equal Parts
perpendicular, the firft Part on the right is cdupee three,
which make four Area's, where the firft four Wives Arms
sure. placed, one above another ; the fecond Part, which is
K ¦ ^ the

74 Of Marriage. ' Chap. Vi
the Middle, arefonly the Arms of C//f?(7« the Husband, the
third Part on the left Hand is coupee two,, which make three
Area's, in whichare his other three Wives Arms, one above
another. I fliall end this Chapter with fome of Guillim's Obferves
anent impaling Husband and Wifes Arms together.
I. That it is not permitted by Law, but only tolerated.
throug^h Cuflom, (but I fuppofe here he underftands only.
fingle Matches, and not Hereditary) becaufe by Reafon of
the Wife's Marriage fhe fenounceth the Name of the Family
whereof fhe is defcended, and affometh the Name of heiv
Husband's ' Family ; and a fpecial Reafon he gives, J^uia
Agnationis dignitas femper debet effe falva, the Agnation
(which is of the Father's Side) muft be preferved entire, and
therefore the Honour or Arms of it not to be carried into
another Family.
2. That every Gentleman that marries a Gentlewoman
whofe Father did bear any Difference in his Coat, the fame
ought to be continued in the Impalement of the Daughter^
Arms with her Husband's, which is juft and reafonable, for
by that Mark of Cadency of her Father's, flie willbeknowh
of what Branch of the Stem fhe is come from,
3 . When a Coat of Arms furrounded with a Border is
marfhalled Pale ways with another, then that Part of the
Border which is riext to the other Cpat impafed with it mufl
he exempted and not feen.
4.. If a bordered Coat be marflialled with other Coats
Quarterly, then fliall no Part of the Border be omitted, biit-
the Border Jhall environ the fame Round. Having treated,
I^think, fufficiently of the feveral Ways of marfhalling Hus
bands and Wives Arms, I fhall now proceed to treafof the
like Method of marflialling Arms of Qfiices.

GHAP.

•75

0'» ¦!' j

CHAP. VI.
Of Offices Ecclefiafiical and
CiviL

TH E Enfigns and Badges of Ecclefiaftical Funiftions or
Offices, were anciently ufed in adorning the Shields
of Arms of thofe in Office: The Popes began upon
their Difference for Precedency with the Patriarchs of
Conftantinople, affirming the Keys as the Baclges of their
.Office,- to fhew they were St. Peter's Succeffors, but they
never marflialled tfaeni in the Shield With their own Arms
which they earned in an Oval one, after the Form of a
Cartouche, which they adorned by placing fhe Keys in Saltir
behind the Shield, the Papal Mitre above, with Angels at
the Sides holding Staves with "Ihree Traverfes, and thefe are
called the Pontifical Enfigns, yvhich ftill adorn the Paternal
Arms ofthe Popes ; this Pradice pf Trimming is faid to begin
about the End of the Eighth Century, under the Emperor
Phocas, as Theodore Hoppingius obferves: Cardinals, Bifljops,
Abbots, Priors, and other Church Officers, began afterwards
in Imitation ot the Popes^ to adorn their Shields of Arms
with Hais^ Mitres, Qofiers, and Crofs Staves, and a long
Time after thefe Prelates, in Imitation of the Ldicks, when
Marfhalling; was in Ufe, began tP take fome remarkable
Figures p^ their Offices, and to marfhal them with their
Paternal Qnesj after the ordinary Method now in Ufe ; as^
K'Z Parti

7<5 " Of ' O;0ces Ecekfi^ftical and Civil. Chap. "VlJ
Parti, by Impalement, Coupee, per Fefs, Quarterly ^ of which.
i fliall add a few Inftances ot the Pradice of Prelates abraad;^"
and then refyrntp thofe in. jSrifflw. „ ,,, . % T
Parti, by Impalement a^befor£. oi Hishand and^ Wffe,
but with this Difference^ tlie Arms of dffice are placed on
the right Side of the Shield, Parti with the Paternal Arms
of thofe in Office. And. thp' a Bifhop or any other Prelatebe
called Mawju^ Ecclcfia, the Husband of tthe Church, by thei
Canon Law, yet, he is but one, in a figurative Speech, and
the Church's Arms take Place as more J^pble, as all^ji,
do thofe of fecular Offices, both of which 1 fhall add fome
Examples afterwards.
The fecond Method of Prelates _ marfhalling their Arms
by Way of Coupee that is parted per Feft, by dividing thi)
Shield into two equal Parts, horizpntally, place the Co.it of
Office above, and that of the Incumbent below, a frequent
Pradice in ftaty.. " ' "
The third Methodby Quartering, is done by a Parti and.
Coupee iLi»^, dividing the Shield into four Quarters, which is'
frequently ri-iade ufe of' by the French arid Germans, efpecialitft
when thofe HighChurch-Men are Temporal Princes, as the
Ecclefiaftick, Peers of B-dwc^, the Archbifhop and Duke; of
Rheims, for- his Office carries Azur, Semee Flower de Lifes,
Or, a Crofs Gules. - '" . ..•*,
The Bilhop an^Duke of -Langres, Azur, Semee Flower de
Lifes Or, a Saltier Gules-. ¦'
TheBiflipppf Laon, Semee ofj France; a Crofier in pakr.
Gules. -'"''¦' ""• - ' ' , t.;
The Bifliop, Count- of Beauvaife-, Or, a Crofs Qules can^
toned with four Keys of the- laft, 8cc. '^'' ' ' : ' '-'•
Which Amis pf Offices are quartered in the firft and fourth
Quarters with- the Paternal ones of- thofe in Office. * p.
The three. Archbiihops Eledors of the; Ernpire do alfo
marflial their Arms of Office, with their Paternal ones:,
w.hi^,h ar© fometimes placed by Way of Sunom, uponthe Account.

ai^p.fVp Of Offices Eccleftaftical and Civil. ¦ 77
Account pf many Coats of Offices quartered together,
. The Archbifliop and Eledbr of M^j'wc^, (or M^«?z) Great
Chancellor-: of • the Empire in Gehnanj, carries ^^arterly Firft
and Fomth Gules, a Wheel with fix Spokes Or,^ for. his Epif-
copalSee, Second and. Third, the paternal Arms of the Bi
fliop in Poffeffion. The Wheel is ftoried to have been at
firft affumed by one Villegefe, wfap,.oWas chofeti Archbifhop
tor his eminent Piety, and he out of Humility, being the Son.
of a Wheel-wright, took the #^^f^/, which his Succclfors
have continued for the . Arms of that See.
The Archbiihops of Treves Great Chancellors of the Em
pire in France,, and -Eledors,. have been in Ufe to carry Foui;
Coats of Offices, thus.(as by Jacob Imhoff) Qiiarterly, Firft,
Ai^gem a Crofs Gules, for the Arch-See oi Treves. Second,
Gules, a PafchalLavib proper, ftandingupon a Mount in Bafe
Vert, carrying a Flag over its Shoulder,, as Abbot of Prumia.
Third, Gules a Caftle Argent mafoned Sable, furmounted of a
Crofier in Pale, and'-.bebw a .Crown._ Or,, as Prepofitor and
Qverfeer of JViffenberg. Fourth, Azur a Crofs Argent, a§
Bifhop of Spira, and over all, by vvay of Surtout, an
Efcutchepnof the paternal Arms ofthe Archbifliop tor thjc:':
Time. The Archbifhpp of Cologn, Great Chancellor of theEmr
pire f or Italy, and Eledor, carries, (as in the Book, titled,
Jeu de Armories) Quarterly firft Argent, a Crojs Sable, for that
See. 2. Gules, a young Horfe Effray Argent, for We ftphalia. '3.
Argent three Men's Hearts Gules-, for theDutchy of Eugeren.
z^. Argent, an. Eagle difplay'd Gules, for the Dutchy otAverfi
berg, arid by way of SUrtout the Arms of the prefent Arch
bifhop, being, thofe oF Bavaria, and, the Palaf mate,
quarterly, as a Son of that, Family,,,
Menefirier tells us, that at Ausburg, Ratisbpn, Cologn, and
many other Places in Germany, inferior Church Officers, fuch
w. Abbots, Abbeffes, Priors, (jc. are ip ufe nPt only to impale

78 ' of Offices Ecclefiafiical and Civil. Chap^.V!
but quarter the Arms of Offices with thpfe of their Families;
and in his Treatife of his j rue Art of Blazon, fpeaking oi,
the Arms of Communities, fays, they were taken up by Reli
gious Orders to diftinguifh tliemfelves from one another, in
Imitation of the Laicks in diftinguifhing their Families, and
tiiat almoft no Religious Fraternity want Signs and Marks to'
diftinguifh them.
As for thofe Orders of Knighthood, which are bPth Spirii.
tual and Temporal,- fuch as the Knights Templars, and Hofpfi-
talers, they compofe, impale, or quarter the Arms of their re^
fpedive Orders, as do at prefent the grand Maffers of the
Knights of Malta, who quarter inthe firft Place the Arms
of that Order, beingGulera Crofs Argent, with their patfemal
ones; but the Knights of that Order, in Diftindion from the
Grand Mafter, do not quarter, but compofe them with their
own, by placing.-them in Chief, or on a Chief, which has oc
cafioned one Coat of Aims to have two Chi^s, the one
above the other. -
But to come home to Britain, with fome Obferves of the
ancient and modern Pradice of our Prelates in Scotland, in
-carrying of their Arms on their Seals of Office and on othef
Places, I obferve, of Old they neither did compofe, impak
nor quarter, their Enfigns of Office with their paternal ones^
till after the Reformation fi'ora the Church bf Rome; for
¦before, their Seals bf Arms were form 'd after the Fafliioii of
oblong Ovals, upon which are only to be feen the Frontif
^pieces of Churches, with the Image of theit; Patron Saints,
ftanding in the Porches, or in fine carved Niches, and belot
them fmall triangular Shields, with the Incumbent PfelatJ^
Arms, fometimes adorned with Mitre, Crofier, or Crofs-
fiaff, of which I fhall here add fome Inftances,
i have feen feveral Seals of the Archbifhops of St. Andrews,
which have the Image of St. Andrew with his Crofs, ftand
ing in the Porch ol a Church, and below his Fefet a littfe
Sheld withthe patenial Arms of the Archbifliop thereon, as
efpecially'

Chap. VI. Of Offices Ecclefiafiical and Civil. 79
efpecially tl\at of William Archbifliop of that See, in the
l^eign of Robert the Bruce, bason his Shield three Cinque
foils or Frazers, being of the Name of Frazer, and the Shield
timbred with a Mitre below the Feet of St. Andrew.
I have feen in the Hands of Mr.George Crawford fa Fa
mous Genealogift and Antiquary, an Indenter between the
High and Mighty Princefs Jean, by the Grace Pf God
Qtieen of Scotland, (therein fb defign'd, being Widow of
King James I. and Mother of King James II. Daughter to
John Earl of Somerfet) and Sir Alexander LivingftOn of Cal-
lendar, anent the DeUvery of the young King's Perfon, to be
kept by the faid Sir Alexander in the Caftle of Stirling, of
the Date the 4th of September, Anno 1439. to which are
appended the Seal of the Qiieen, (of which before) feveral ,
other Noble Barons and the following Prelates Seals.
The Seal of John Bifliop of Glajgow, had the Image of
St. Mungo ftanding in a Portico of the Church, and below
his Feet the Shfeld of Arms of that Prelate, charged with
three Bars, to fhew he was of the Name of Cameron, which
was alfo tifnbred with a Mitre, and at the Sides of theShield
were two Salmons with Rings in their Mouths ; and the Le
gend' rmind the Seal, Sigillum Joannis Epijcopi Glafguen.
iFig. 10. Plate 2.] And the fame Arms are cut in Stone
with a Salmon below the Shield, which are to be feen onthe
.Vdlry of the Chujch of Glafgow, which that Bifliop built..
He was defcended of the -Camtrons of Perthfhire, being
educate to the Church, and put into Orders, and for his
Learning preferred to be Provoft of the Collegiat Church
of Lincluden, and being qualified for a higher Employment,
was immediately upon the Return of King James I. made,
Secretary to that Prince, and Keeper of the Privy Seal; in
which Station having, no doubt, ferved that Prince with
great Fidelity, in 1425. he promoted him to the Epifcopal
5ee of Glajgow, and tp be Lord Chancellor, of Scotland, in

8o Of Offices Ecclefiafiical and Civil. Chap. VI.
in which high Offices he continued till the Death of the
King, Anno 1437. which he himfelf furvived Nine Years
>and was a great Benefador to the Church bf G/^/^oizjy ; He
died Anno 144(5. Mr.George Buchanan, and Biihop Spo-
tifwood copying from Buchanan,fay, Bifliop Canreronmadea
very fearful Exit, and endeavours to give the World a very
ill Charaderof him; but 'tis with the greateft Difficuityf
can believe he was-'fuch a Manas they reprefent him, in re
gard our excellent King James I. who was a very good Judge
-ot Men, einpiGy'dliim-^miTiediaeelyin his. Service, and con
ferred the higheft 'Office in'the'Stateuponbiin, as well as
thcfeCond Pkce in the Church, Which we may very reafon-
ably fuppofe from his long Continuance in both, he filled
them with eminent Sufficiency ; and the Cartulary of Gla'gow
where there is a pretty exad Account of the Obits of thI
fiifliops of that See,. Jo -not make Mention of any fuch
difmal End of the Bifhop, as my Friend Mr. Crawford infor-
^med me, upon hisPeruialof the Obituary ofthe Metro'po^
litan Seeof Glafgow. A more full Aecpilht bf which, ani
-^of ^ifliop Cameron,'! have iem in a Manufcript in his Hands
-compofed by himfelf, 'entitled, Rtliquia fandi Quintigeriii.
The Seal of John Bifliop of Mwra;', had-only thelma4
of a Saint, with a Crofs ftanding in the Porch of a Church
and no Shield with his Arms. '
That of John Bifhop of Rofs, had a Bifhop with a Mitre
.on his Head, ffandmg in a Porch bf a Church, and below k
Shield charged with a Bull's Head caboffed, being of tlie Namfe '
of Turnbull, his paternal Figure.
The other Seal appended was that of M/cW/ Bifliop of
'Dunblain, which was round, and had only a for?fial Shield
with a Cheveron charged with three Stars, as I could obferve'
being fpmewhat defaced, the Arms of the Name of Ker
or Ochiltry.
Befides thefe, I have feen feveral other Bifliops Seals after
f;thefame form with their 6^/^ W/ of Arms, below the Images of

-Ci'ii.*^^ 'Vf. 'Vf Offices' EccTeftaJlicarahdTivil.~''\ . "8r
"'of Saints or Mitred.Biihops:lup{)orted by Angels, ahd adorned
by Mitres Pr Crofiers. ,
< TheSeai of '/i/«i3?rrciy Commehdator bf Jedburgh, (in the
Cuftody of Mr. Jarnes Anderfori,' upon which there is the
imagebf a 5(3f»?.' ftanding in a fine car'vedNich, ph the Foot
of 'which is his ^Shield of Arms, i^hiarterly firft and fourth a
Lion Rampant; fecond and third, thee Peppingoes, he beihg
of the Name of Hdmey arid behind the Shield a Crofier tUr-^
-ned to the Right. ' "" .• . t
On the Buildings of .Churches, we find only the paternal
"Arms of Bifhops and Al>hots fometimes Orhamented' with
'Mitres and Crofters, as thbfe; of Gavin Dunbar Archbifhop
of Glafgow being otily three Cufh'epns^within'a double Treffure
'coUntei flowered, for his Arms. And on the Wall that furrounds
the C^aMt of Glafgow, are Pn feveraf Places the Arms of
'James Beton the laft Rom ifh' Bifhop oi^hatS^e, being thefe
of 'B?/o« quartered with Balfour, as a Hepl^e'ivyt Beton
oi Balfour; and' behw thefe Arms is a Salfnon with a Ring
in its Mouth, which was alfo carried by fome of his Pre-
-deceflfors Bifhops of that Plate, tb perpetuate a Miracle faid
to be performed by St. Mungo, Patron-Saint of the 'Church
\)f Glafgow. '¦ _ . \ . ., ^
On the '^beautiful Abbay of Paifty a're the Ailns of the
'Abbot, George Shaw, Three coveted Cups with a Crofier be
hind the Shield; he w^s a Brother of Shaw oi Sauch). On
the Abbay of Holy-rodd-houfe atef o be feeri the Arms ofthe
-Abbot Archbald Crawford Treafurer to King James III.
'a Brother of -Crawford of Wenning, which are only his pa
ternal Bearing, viz. a Fefs Ermin'with'a Smin Chief, arid
the Shield adorned with a Mitre.
By allthe Enquiry I can make, I find none bf our K0;?//(/5&
Prelates ever marfhalled the Figures of their refpedive Sees,
( I mean the Images of their Patron-Saints, their Croffes, br
inch remarkable Things belonging to them ) with their pd-
^rnal Beanngs, by Hnlpaleing br quartiring the'm In ^bhe
'L Shield,

% Of Offices Ecclefiafiical an^Ufif.' " fcyha|>.jVi.
5^/V/^f, th.o' -f he^. i?Jive adpr^jed^liie Qtit^-^eR q£ , ^1^ ,
Shields with M//w, Crofters, Keys',' and paftori^ ^O^nm
tfiat the,, Cuftom of marflialling Arms fpr Upif&>0{Sees
with thepaternaj ones of Bifhops, is np ol#? t^ri^^^iify-
formation from tne Rom ift) Church, ^l^4-^he Figsrgs Qf,,«fhi{^,
they are formed and made up are taii,en ^m: ti?e pld$e^Jfj
fuch as the Images of Saints and Bifhops, their Croffes, A^/r.^,
Crofier s, paftoral Staves, Keys, and other fucfi Things r^l^t^
to them, which will appear to the Curious, by their ^h^Ut
a Few of which follow.
The Arms now ufed fer the Archiepifcppal ^epf St.4ifi-
drcws, are,Azur, a St. Andrew'/ Crofs {a Saltier) Argent ytakssfi
irpm the old Seal of that See before defcribed, having S$.
Andrew holding fuch a Crpfs, which have i)^en impafed
with the Arms of thofe that h^ve been in Officejj as latejy
with thefe pf the moft Reverend Father in GOD, Jcifn^s
Sharp, D. D. by Divine Pro vidcjnce Lord Archbiflipp pf
St, Andrews,. Prhnat of all Scotland, being. Argent, a F^
Azur .betwixt two crofs Croftets filched, i^ Chiff, and a Mol^t
iii. Bafe Sable, ^s in Sir Q^'org^ Mackenzie's Science of IJer
vaul'dry. ^ ' . V. i . •
Tlie Ari;hiepifcppaISee of the Church of Glafgow has np^
for Arms,. Argent y a. Tree growing out oj a Mount VertyWith
a fBetl hanging on a Branchy and, a Salmon lying Fefs-waiys
thwart, the Trunk of the Tree, with a Ring in its Mouth pro^
per..,. The Salmon, as I obferved before, was carried by the
Romifh Prelates at the Sides and belpw the Shield ; thefe
Arms have been impaled by the i^rchbifhpps of that Se?,
and of iate' with the Arms pf the moft Revereu.4Eather in
dOT). Alexander Cairncrofs, by Divine Providence Loj?d
Archbifhop oi .Glafgow, whofe Arms are. Argent, aSm£s
Head eraz'd, with a Crofs pattee fitchie betwixt his Atjirf
Gjules, [Fig. II. Plate 2.] He was Reprcfentative pf the
Families of Cairncrofs of Balmaftianan in the Nprth, and,pf
Colmftay in the, South; which two Baronies. he fpld ii^hj^
Lifetime:

Chap. VI. Of Offices Eccleftaftical and Civil. 83
Lifetime : One of his Progenitors was Robert Cairncrofs of
CMmflay, Treafurer to King James V.
The Bi^oprick of Gdltoway has for Arms the Image of
St. Ninian, holding in his ri^ht Hand a Crofter.
The Bifllibprick of "Dumbldin^ a Saltier ingr ail' d.
The Biihoprick of Argyle, AzUr two Crofters in Saltier
add'iffe, and in chief a Mitre Or.
The Arms of the Bi&oprick ©f Rofs, are two Men, the
one 0^ the Right reprejentmg St. BbniMce in a White Habits
his Arms crop on his Breaft; ^^^ other, a Bifhop pointing to
St. Boni^e' With Bs right Hand, and in his Left holding a
Cre^rOri with a Mitre on his Head, Which Arms of thefe
Bimo|>ricks tie ihipaled with thefe Arms of thbfe in
.Office. "
The Biflioprick of Edinburgh was ereded out of the Bi-
Ihbprickof §t. Andrews by King Charles I. Anno 16$^* fo
that, that See has almoft the fame Af ms With St^ Andrews^
VIZ. Azur a St. Andrevv's Crof}, ahU in chief a Mitre Or^
impaled with the Arms of the Right Reverend and -very
wortfiy Br,A^xander Rofe, the only furviving Prelate of the
Fourteen Bifhops ot Scotland before the Revelutibn, being
Or^ aBoar's Head^oiepidGules^ between three water Budgets
SaBle^ within a Border Atur charged isoiih Cinquefoils Argent,
(fee. the Seal of Office, Plate 2. Fig. 12.) defcended of the
Rofes of Kilravock.
The Bifliopricks in Ef^Iand have even fuch bther Arms,
as thefe of the Archiepifcbpfai See of Canterbury, has Azur,
a femoral Staff ih pale Ardent, enfispd with a Cro]s pattee
.. Ori fixrrhounted of an Epifcopal Pale ofthe 2d, edged and frin
ged of the xd, charged with four Croffes filched Sable.
The ArcWepifcopalSeeof Idrk, Gules, two Keys in Saltier
addafi Arget,t.
The Epifcopal See of Gheftif, Gules, three Mitres with
tfieir Labels Or, '
L'2

84 Of Offices Ecclefiafiical and Civil. Chap. Vl."^
i Thefe of the See of Norwich, Azur, three Mitres with
their Labels Or. ' .v'
The See oi Carlifle, Argent, on a Crofs. Sable, a Mitre with
Labels Or. , ¦' . ¦ -."¦
Thee See, oi Peterborough, GuleSytwo K£ys addoffe in Sal--
tier, cantoned with four crofs Croftets boutony,. Or.
The See of Landoff, in South-Wales, Cable, two Crofters.
in. Saltier 'addoffe the ,I)ext'er Or, furmounted of the' Sinifter
Argent on a chief AzWy three Mitres with their Labek of
the fecond. ¦ - -
The See of Salisbury y AzuPy our bleffed Lady (the .
Church being dedicated , to her) crowned, : holding the holy
Babe in her right Arm, and. a Sceptre, with her deft Handy all ^
Or. All which Enfigns are impaled with the paternal Arms'".
of thpfe in. Office.
Sp much then for Ecclefiafiical Arms, I fhall now proceed \
to the At^'^s of fecular Officjes. . : ;
Seculars .who enjoy high Offices Cm/ or Po//V/c;^,- impale ^
or, quarter, the Arms of their Oj^rer with their, own. - ¦
. The Eledoral Princes, . of the Empire quarter in their
Shields of Arms, the. Arms or Badges of tbeir Offices, beang ,
the Figures, of the Regalia they carry before tfie Emperor, ,
by vertue of their high Pofts, as Beckmannus fays, Differt.- S.
Cap. .^. In infignibus fuk Seculares .clinodium Iftud inferuntfi)
cui ratione officii portando defimati funt. ' •'{
So the King o£, Bohemia, as .principal Cupbearer to. the
Emperor, charged the Breaft of his Lion witlia Gup; and the ¦
Family of Carnagy, now Earls of -$omhesk, have been in "ufe •.
alfo, to charge the Breaft of their Blue Eagle with.a Cup of
Guld, being Cupbearers to. our Kirigs..
The. Duke of Bavaria y a Shield Gules, charged with the
Imperial Glob Or; which he carries rtrco/f^ wiSi other two .^
Shields of his Arm's. The Duke of .Saxojntj, thcirSword. of
Honour. Brandenburgh, the Sceptre, The Palatinate of;
the

Chap. VI.'' Of Offices Ecclefiafiical and Civil. 85
the Rhine, j the ¦ Imperial Crown: ; , in diftind Quarters of their
Atehievments. ¦, . »{) . ^-^ , > . ii i ,
., Many, Civil and Politick.Offices, , which hjive Symbpls and,
Bsadges, foch as the Marijhal's Bato.ns, the Conft able' s Swords,
the- Admiral's Anchcrsy the Mafter. Houfibolds Batons, the
Chamberlains Keys-,, (jc, are not .placed , within the Shield of
Arms pt thofe Jn -Office, bnt at the Back, Sides, or, Foot of
the Shields ; of which more fully I intend tp fp^eak, in the:
Treatife of Exterior Ornaments.
To put ^n End. to ^his Chapter^ 1, fhall pnly, fpeak of the./
Arms of the Herauld Offices in Scotland and England.,,,
The Arms of the Herauld Office in Scotland are now.
Argent, a Lionjeiant full-fac'd Gules, (the Creftot the Rpyal
Atcliievment of Scotland) holding in his dexter Paw a Thiftle
flipped V^rt, m thr Sinifter an -Efiutcheon-ofthr fecond, and-
on a chief Azure a St. Andrew'/ Crofs of the firft. Which , ,
Arms are .impaled, on the rightSide, withthe paternal Bear
ing of Sir Alexander Erskin of Cambo, the^refent Lion King
atArmSy being" thefe of the Earl of ^M^, with a Crefcent
ior Difference, as a Cadet of the Family. This Seal of "
OjPSce feems to, be no older than himfelf, for his Father Sir\
Charles, alfo Lion Kfhg at Arms; had bn his Seal appended
tpPatenls of Arms given out by him, only his paternal Arms,
and any particular Seal or Badge our principal Heiauldshad [
befoie, was the Sovereign. Atchievrrient of the Kingdom,
which was hung by a Chain pf Gold about the Neck, of the
principal Herauld, and on the Breaftsof his Brethren He
raulds and Purfilivants, by a Ribban, as their Cognifance and
Badge; and the feme, was ipradif^d by. the. Heraulds in .t,
England... ...
The principal Heraulsis in England in the Reign ofsQueen
EUzabethf and efpecially the Garter King at. Arms, wore a .
Bjidgeof Gold daily, whereon were enamled^ohly the So- .
vereign's Arms, as ^Afhinol. in. his Inftitution of the: Garter, -'
P-tfg. 2 08. and J 5^ 3. and had no proper Seal for: the. Office, ,
"' ' ' 'till .

86 Of Arms of AMidnces.  Chap.- Vtl;
till Sir Edward Walker, wh^'Gafter King at Arras bbtairtw
ed Lkenfe from tiiat Qiieen,. tpdiftinguiih himfelf fi-f^yth#
other Kings at Arms, to impale St. George's Arms, viz. Ar
gent, a Crofs Gules, on the right Side, with thofe of the So.^
vereign on the Left, arid about that Time the Seal of the
Office was formed thus. Argent, a Crofs Gules, and on a chief
Azur, a Crown Imperial, environed isoith aGarier buckled and
noved betisnxt a Lion paffant guardant, and d Flowei'-deW
Or, which were impaled with the Arms of Walker, as they
were afterwards with thefe bf his SueeefforJs in that
Office. '-' . ' ¦ -'

CHAP. Vli^
Of Arms of Alliances, mthtBt
Method of Marjhallihgthem
and others Quarterly.

r A R MS of Alliances, axe thefe offuch Famflies, whole^
#A Heireffes have been marry'd with other Families, and*.
-*¦ -*- taken upby their Iffue, .to fliew their Defcent Pa
ternal .ind Maternal, -ffom both the Familfes.^ by which '
Means the Memory of many Ancient and Noble Farnilihs^t
extindin the Male-Line, is prefei-ved and convey 'd to P09
^Herity; and this is one of the principal Reafons ot Mar&aJ- Jing,

Ghap,: Vlj. Of 4m^of'Mm^-' 87
Ijflg, qr prfJetj^,(^if^ofjng9f feveral Cc^;x of 4wfJ-> pertaining
|p d)4iR^ Fanjidi^ 11? onp Shield, which Pradice is frequent
v^th x^s, a44 in pther Natiops. But before I proceed to
ilfi^ftr2^§,t%, )?rad,ice by E^f^niples, I fh^lf flijpw here the
m£ti9qq ofy^^rftiq^^ an,d theE«£-
A !^tr4^re4Coaty i? whep th|i Shield is divided into four
Qj.iarters, by a perpendicular andhorizomal Line, and fome
times ^gain thefe Qiiartets are alfp .divided into as many
/lreas,hy tfie (?i}}e Lines, wliich"ai;e fiU'd MP .with the Arms
pf di^erent %piilies uroix feveral Occafions, by Antiquaries
and Lawyers, calfed,, Cuinulatio Armorum\; the ancient He
raulds Lajtin'd,^«fl»'?fy^^ Arms, Scutum quartmatum, and the
Modern, iiew/a/^ quadripartjtum, and others, with Mr. Gib-
bqyan Englifh. Herauld, Scutuin in quatuor partes lineis ad
crucis modum dutfis fedum, after fome old Heraulds, who -
blazon'fj ^ quartered Shield parted per crofs.. When Heraulds
fpeak of one of th^fe; Quarters, they call ft iii Latin Quar
ter ia. Chiffletius and VrediuSr make ufe of the Word £ua^
drans; Imhoff, £uadra ; and others. Area, for a ^I^arter.
Sir John Fern gives us three forts of quarter'd Goafs of
Arjms ; the, firft he x:alls a plain quartered Coat, the fecond .
g quartered Coat, and the third, a quarterly qmrlered^ Coat, ,
which 1 fhall here explain and illuftrate by Examples.
As to the Firft, a plain quartered Coat, <'^. when the Field
is, divided into/oar ^^arters or Arctjs, and when thf firft and
foUjrth Qiiarters contain one Cpat pf Arms, the fecond and
third another ; fpthat there are but two different Arnis twice
repeated in a quartered Shield, which, fays our Author, is
a fuitable Difpofitjon ofthe Arrns pf the Son and Fleir of a
Gentleman who had tf> 'Wife an Heirefs,, the Father's Arms
are placqdfn.thej?r/Z an4: foUT'^k quarters, and the Mother's
inthe fecond, a^^ third- ¦ . .
l^wardllh oi England was the Firl^ of that. Kingdom
who quartered his Amos, with ,thof^, of JFra««. in the fecond an^.

88~ Of Arms of Alliances: Ghapi'-TI
and' third Quarters, as Arms of Alliance, upon the Accoun
his Mbther Ifabel was Daughter and Heir of Philip IV. o
France, and of her'thtee Brothers Charles IV. Philip V
and Lewis XI. fucceffivejy- Kings of ^^^^(fej'.who died* with
but anylffoe, their Couiin-german'Phtltp^deValbiSy' as^Hdr-
male, fucceeded tothe .Kingdom, who. Very unadvjifedly^]
"think, as Edmund Howes tells us in his- Hiftory of £«g/flW,
queftioned King Edward's Ambaffadors, who came to con-
gratulate'his Acceffionto the Crown, why the King of fiw^*
land placed thp Leopards oi that Kihgdonrin the firft Quar
ter, before the Lillies of France in the fecond. To which
Sir John Shor ditch made Anfwer, That it WasfheCuftbrii
of the Times, to fet the Tides and Arms of the Fathers
before thofe of the Mbther-s, and which their King had in
Reafon and Duty done. -From Which it is'to be obferved^
- that Arms of -4//w«reupon the account pf maternal Defcent,
were then quartered with the Paternal, whieh had the Pre
cedency of the Maternal, and which is yet the ordinary Cu
ffom in Europe, except forfome fpecial Reafons; of which'
afterwards. ' ..:,.,
'Tis aifb tb be obferv'd, that EdWard ill. of England,- ^t
¦firft quartered' the Arnis bf France Wttd thofe of his b\*i^rii
«ponno other Confideration but to fhew his maternal De^
Jcent ; but afterwards,! n the 14th Year bf his Reign, wheri
he was encouj-aged by his Allies "to clainf the Kingdom of
France, in Rightofhis Mbther, then he placed thofe of,
France, as Arms of Dominion and Preterifton, in the firft Quar-/
ter, before the Arms of England, whrchfiis Succeffors con-'
tinned, and of which mbre particularly afterwards. To
know thenupdn what Account Arms are quartered, "'tis 'ne-
ceffary fb confider theft Situation in the Shield.
^ About the latter End of this King's Reign , as the Er^li/h ^
Heraulds obferve, his Subjeds began, in Imitation of him,' ,
K ^^^^^^ ^'^^^ ^^'^^ o^ Arms Coats of Alliances. Jd1?n
'EkftingrEarl of Pembroke, who married Margaret youngeft
Daughter ,,

'^TfhodSc

^^—^^^¦fc^^ I III — -^i^^^^^^^ ¦ I IWI^.— W I  ¦¦! . .MM, mil. II 
Ghap, VIL Of Arms of Alliances. 8^
Daughter of Edward III. was the firft Subjed in England,
fays Sandford in his Genealogical Hiftory of that Kingddm,
who, in Imitation of his King, had quartered Arms, viz.
Firft and fourth. Or, a Manch Gules, fecond and third Barry
ef twelve Pieces Argent and Azure, eight Martlets Orleways
Gules, as Arms of Alliance with the Family of Valance, and
which quartered Coat he impaled with /the Arms of his
Countefs, which were then the fame with her Father's, be
ing France aud England quarterly.
Afhmole, in his In ftitut ions of the Order ofthe Garter, Ghap.
2 5f. Sed. 2. fpeaking of the Order of placing the Arms of
theKnights«-Companio'ns of that Order, upon their Stalls, at
Windfor, fays, at firft they were only their paternal ones
fif^ly, and without ^J^arterings, but towards the Beginning
of King Henry V's Reign, they began to add theft Quarter-
ings, as may appear, fays our Author from the Scutcheons
ot Hugh Lord Burnet, who died Anno 9. Henry y.; Sir Lewis
Robeffart, Lord Bourchier, Robert Lord Wilhughby, and
others; yet the placing of their quartered Arms there \fa-ys
he) was not generally pradifed, but left to the Pleafure of
theknight-Ompanfons. ¦
The fame may be faid ofthe Pradrcebf our great Fami
lies in Scotland, who did not all begin at one Tinie to quar
ter their Arms, with other Coats, uponthe accountbf Alliance
or other Confideration, but fome fooner and fome later, as
was their Pleafure to fliew their Alliances, and other Pre
tenfions, by marflialling other Arms wfth theft own.
The firft Pradice of Quartering I have met wfth upon
Seals wfth us, was in the Reign of Robert II. who was
cix)whed at Scoon, 27th of March 1371. and, as I have faid
before, his Sons then, and Lefty, who married the Heirefs of
Rofi, with others, began to marflial theft Arms wfth other
ones : So was ft- alfo that Da^d 'Lindfay of Crawford, who
was the firft Earl of Crawford, affum'd the Goat of Aber-
¦ nethy, and quartered it wfth his own, upon the'account lie
M was

ao Of Arms of Alliances. ^ Chap. VII.
 ¦ -; '-¦ • ¦  : — -: — ,:;. \... : :, — , ii,.. „ ,- . r\i%
was defcended of that Family by the .Mother-fide;: for his
Great-grandfather Sir David Lindfay, in the Reign of Ro
bert I. married one of the three Co-heirs of Alexander Lor^d
Abernethy, whofe Arms were, Or, a Lion Rampant Gul^s
brufed, with^a. Ribbon .(or Bendlet) Sable, which the ^firfl;;
Earl of Crawford quartered with hii, own, upon, his Se^-pf
Aims, which have ever finCe been continued by the Family,
viz. ^arlerly ifi and ^th Gules, a Fefs -chequee Argent and
A^ure;, 2d and yd, the above Coat, of , Abernethy.
Upon the Information, of a Noble L^ord, I affirm 'd iu my,
'^Effay of Marks] of Cadency, that, the Ribbon, pr Bendlet"
which brufed the Lion of Abernethy, was not in the Coat-
pf the forefaid Lord Abernethy, and that he carried only -a
ZL/'o». without the' Ribbftn or Bendlet, and that his natural Sort
was the Firft that ^ffufo'd the f<i/5'^o», which I fi.nd is not true,.
and I do here retrad it,as lam wilhng to do,any other Efcape
I have or fhall happen to make ; for 1 have fincefeen,and had
inmy Cuftody, a Charterof Hugh Abernethy, Father pt Lord'
Alxander, m the -hei^n pf^King Alexander .IIL to wh;ch.
was appended his Seal ot Arms, with a Lijn brufed, with a
Ribbon or Bendlet,' which, wa^ not=a Mark of Ilfegitimation
iq_ thefe Times. ,- ¦ -v ;-- . ¦.
The other two Coheireffes of the above Alexander Lord.^
Abernethy, were married to the Progenitors of the Duke of
Douglaji-and Lefly Earl of Roth c is,; but thefe; two Families.
did not fpr a fong.Time after the Earl of Crawford max fha\,
the Arn\soi- Abernethy wfth their- own, as they have done
fince; bvlt efpecially the Family of f^e/k// carry'd only the"
firigle Goat ot Lefly, till of late, as I am inform 'd by Mr.
George Crawford, vvfio has feen the Writs and Seals of that
Family, whofe' Blazon I fliall, here add, being Qjimerly.ifi'
and. /\.th Argent on a Bend. Azur three B^mkksOr, for Lefly;
2d and id Or, a Lion Rampant Gules bruifed, with a Ribbon^
Sable, for Abernethy, upon the Account forefaid. The

Qha^ yil. Of Aniis of Alliances. "' §11
The great and illuftrious Houfe pf Douglafs, for what I
have feen, had no .quartered Coats before William Xhe firft
Earl ot Douglafs, married Margaret Dau^ter of Donald,
Sifter and fole Heir at laft to her Brother TW/<stf pari of
Mar ; for before when he was Lord J}ouglafs pnly, and ^a-
xonof Cavers, and before this Match, he. had only his 'fingle
ipaternal Coat oii his Seal of Arms, whiehj did fee appen
ded to a Charterof his to the Abbacy pf Melrofs, of the
Church of Meikle Cavers, (in the Hands pf Mr. David Simp-
Jow Hiftoripgrapher, now penes Comitem de Mprtpn) ,when
this Earl married Margaret Mar Countefs and, Heirefs i of
Mar, he quartered then his paternal ;Coat of Pow^l/x/} in the
ifl and 4tn Quarters, being 4'g^^^ a Man's Heart Gules (not
enfign'd \vith a Crown, as now) and on a chief Azur three
Stars of the firft ; and in the 2d.and3d; Qiiajrters, Azw, a
Bend betwixt, fix crojs Croftets fitched Or, for Mar. {Plate 2.
Fig. 13.] Which Arms I have, feen ^^ his Seal appended to
his Charter, dated at the Cafile of Kildrummy, 26. July
•1377. wherein he is defign'd Earl' of Douglafs md. Mar,
granted to James -Moptealtp,: i: e. Mouat, pf the Lands of
Eafier-Foulis, lying in the Earldom of M^r and Shire .of
Aberdeen; the Shield of Arms on the Seal wasCou.chee,, and
quartered, as I have faid, with Douglafs and IVI^r, Tupported
by one. Lion jeiant holding up the Shield^ his Heaa in a
Helmet crefied with a Plum of Feathers, -snd at each Side of
the Lion and Shie[dis^,a Tre,e growing; out of a Mount, for
a CompdHmrit,femee ofjrofs Crofiets, and pn, which Moun-
- tain,, as a Compartment, the right fide pf the Shield refts.
This William firft Earlof Douglafs and Mar, had by his
BfiLady^MargaretHei^refs of Mar, ,a Son James, and
Jfabel a Daughter, and by his 2d Lady a Daughter. of, the
Earl oi March, Archbald Lord, of Galloway ; and by his 3d
Wife Margaret Stewart, Daughter and Heft of John Stew-
art'Earl of Ar^us, he had w.ith her George the firft ,of the
Douglaffes Earls of Angus, of which in another Place : Which
M -2 " will

)2

Of Arms of Alliances. ¦ Chap. VII.

vfll appear by the Succeffion of Arms here, and by pthpr "
ividents in the Treatife of Peerage, now in the ftefs, by,
he ingenious Mr. Cm'tjyfor^.
His Son James, fecond Earl of Douglafs and Mar, carried
br Arms, as his Father, Douglafs and fAar quarterly, as is
evident by his Seals, and he could not have carry'd M^r, if
le had not been the Son of Margaret Countefs of Mar. It
^'as this valiant Earl that overthrew Henry Piercy firnamed
Hotfpursf in a Combat at Newcafile, and fliortly after took
lim and bis Brother jR^/p^ Prifoners in a Battle at Otterbum
B Riddefdale, which was Fought the 31ft of July 1388.
Arhere this Noble Earl died after the Battle in his Tent, and
A^as tranfported to the Abbay Church of Melrofs, and there,
nterred. I He had no lawful Iffue, but two natural Sons, of whom-
mmediately: He was fucceeded to the Earldom of Douglafs
jy his Half-brother Archbald Lord of Galloway, and unto.
:he Earldom of Mar by his fiill Sifter IJabel Douglafs Coun
tefs of Mar.
Archbald Earl of Douglafs and Galloway, carry'd three
Goats quarterly, ift, Azur a Lion Rampant Argent, beihg'
:he Feudal Arms of Galloway ; 2d, the A.rms of Douglafs
is above, for his paternal Coat ; 3d, Azur three Mollets
Aigent, the Arms of Dame Elizabeth Murray hh Wife,-
Daughter and Heft of Sir Thomas Murray Lord of Bothwel,,
Pamtarius Scotia, and with her got the Lordfliip of Both^
we\. The 4th Quarter as the ift.
It is to be obferved that this Earl, and his Father Earl
William, quartered their Vv^ives Arms, being Heireflfes, with
jheir own, which feems was our ancient Pradice to Quarter
IS well as to Marflial them, by impalement, or by way, of
Jnefcutcheon. As alfo it is to be obferved, that this Earl
(irchbald had nothing of Mar in his Arms, fo that they en-
tij:ely bclcMig'd to Ifabel his Half-fifter. .I'ady

Ghap. VII. Of Arms of Alliances. 5>3
Lady Ifabel Dctuglafs Countefs of M^r, marry'd Alexander
Stewart Natural Son of Alexander Stewart oiBadenoch Earl
Buchan, 4th Son of King Robert If. he is neverthelefs call'd
the eldeft Son of the Earl of Buchan in a Charter granted
to him Anno 1404. by his LadyT fabel Douglafs Countefs of
Mar, by which Charter fhe gives him the Earldom of Mar
in Confideration ofthe Marriage; and no doubt it was alfo
in Confideration of that Marriage that he's faid to be the
eldeft Son of his Father, which does not follow that he was
not a Baftard ;for if he had been a lawful Son he had cer
tainly fucceeded his Father inthe Earldom of Buchan, which
Earldom went to John Earl of Buchan before-mentioned, a
younger Son of Robert Duke oi Albany. Alexander Stewart
Earlof Mar by Right of his Wife, as faid is, carry'd for
Arms, as on his Seal, which I liave caufed here ta be cut,
{Plate 2. Fig. 14.] Quarterly ift and 4th Or, a Fefs chequee-
Azur and Argent (the Arms of Stewart) between three open
Crowns Gules, which were the Figures of the Lordfliip of
Garrioch ; here he had no Mark of Illegitimation, which it-
feems was difpenfed ^vitli. Second and 3d, the Arms of
M,ar, viz. Azur, a Bend betwixt fix crofs Croftets fitched Or..
He was Commander in Chief at the Battle of Herlaw, An.
141 1. He was a Man of great Honour, and an Ornament to
his Country: He died without Iffiie, Anno i^^ 6. andhis
Memory ought to be perpetuate^ the Earldom afterwards
fell into the King's Hands.1
The Natural Sons of James the fecond Earl of Douglafs
and Mar, the one William got ii om hisFatherthe Lands 'of
Drumlangrig, Barony of Hawick, together with that of Sel
kirk, which were confirmed to him by King James I. he af
fum'd, as Natural Children were then in ufetodoj his Fa
ther's Arms Douglafs and M«?r quarterly, as is evident by the
old Seals of the Family, with a Mark of Illegitimation' for
a fhort Time, and then thefe Arms were furrounded with a
border engrailed Qules ;, and aitevwards when the Family
" ' ' was.

P4 Of Arms of AUiat^es. Chap, . 'VII,
was lionoiired with the Title of Earl of ^eensberry, by
KmgQiarlesl. 1533. they ^ied a plain BordurOr, in place
of the former. And King Charlej.ll. ^when he honoured
the Family with, the Title of Marquis of j^eensberry,.he
allow'd t.hemto adorn the Border with the Double Treffms>
And King James VII. honoured that Family with the, Tiffle
bf Duke of fMeensberry ; fo that that Family fo much be-
noured by our Kings, carries quarterly ift and 4th, Argefft
a Man's Heart Gules, enfign'd with an Imperial Crown Or,
and on a chief Aztir three Stars of the firft, fpr Douglafs ; ad
and 3d, Azur a Bend betwixt fix crofs Croftets .fitched Or,
for the Name of Mar, all within a Border ofthe lafty char
ged with a double Treffure flower'd and counterfhwer^d Gules.
From the other Natural Son of James Earl of Dougldfs
and Mar, is defcended the honourable Family of. Douglafs
of Cavers in Tiviotdak, it feems they have not been in ufe
to quarter the Coat of Mar with Douglafs that I have obfer
ved, but carried only the Coat of Douglafs within a Border
Azur. -, . , „ , ,, .'¦ :
The Dumbars Earls of Murra$, were anciently in. ufe Co
quarter the Arms of Randolph yvith Dumbar; the firft of them
was John, fecond Son, to 5^<?^« Earl of March and Dumh^,
andhis Lady Egidia, Daughter andHeirpfT^/w^ Randolphx^
¦Earlof Murray, Lord of Annandale and Man ; they carry'd
quarterly ift and ^th Gules, a Lion Rampant within a Border
Argent, charg'd with eight Rofes of the. firft, ior Dumbar ; zi
and 3d, Or, three Cufhions within la double Treffure flower't'l
and counterflower'd Gulesy for Randolph. • '
This laft Coat has been carry'd by other Families as a feu
dal one, of whfch afterwards; hut the Male Defcendants. 0'
the Dumbars Earls of Marray, as I pbferv'd before, tho' thej
al,vv^ays kept the Name of DuMbar, they carry'd only the
Anns of Randplph, and of late have quartered them with
I)umbar; the principal male Family defcended from Dumbars
C^rls of Mwr<% is Dumbar of Weftfield^ heritable Sheriff of
Murray,,

Chap. VII. Of Arms of? Alliances. 9^
Murray, who carries thb quartered Artns as above blazPned,
[ Ptatt 3. fig.5.] from whom are feveral Famihes of that Name
defcended, wli(> carry the fame Amis with fuitable pifferen-
ces : Of Whom in my forniei:' Treatife of Marks of Cadency.
The' Family o^[Weem,s were alfo among the firft Barons ,
who qtia'rtered a ' Coat of Alliance with t|ieir own ; for in
the Year 1423. on the Seal of Sir Davy ofthe Weems, i^as
he defigns hmifelf) there are four LAans quarterly, firfi and
fourth, for. Weems; id and ^d for Glenoi Inchmartin, which
were corttinued dPwn to the prefent David Earlof Weems,
whofe Blazbn is thus, £uarterly, ift and ^th Or, a Lion ram
pant Gules, armed' and langued Azur; 2d and ^d Argent, a
Lion rampant Sable, armedand langued' Gules, for the Name
of Glen, [Plate 3. ,tig. 6.} the Weems o\ Rearis a Cadet
of the Faniily of Weems y carry'd of old, quarterly ift and ¦
^th Weems, id and ^d'Azur, a Bend Argent, for marrying '
the Heirefs of Biffet of Rearis. ' ' ^
'Rofs Lord Rofs, upon the account of Alliance, quarters
in the 2d Place wfth. his own the Aims of Melvil, his Pro
genitor, iathe Reign of Robert IL marry'd the Hieirefs of
M^/'U^/, of That-ilki in the Sheriffdom ot Edinburgh; for
which his Family has bei^n in ufe for a long Time to carry
quarterly ift and 4th Or a -Cheveron chequee Sable and Ar
gent, betisbixt three water Budgeti of the fecond ; 2d and 3d,
Gules, three Crefcents within a Border Argent, charged with
eight Rofes ofthe firfi, for Mp/TO/of That-flk.
TheCockbums Lairds of Lanton, an ancient Knightly Fa
mily, have been for a Ipng Time in ufe to carry qu.irterly
I ft and i\.th, .Argent,three Cocks Gules, the paternal Coat of :
tbie Name; 2d and jd. Gules, fix Mafcles Or, three, two '
and one, for the Family oi Weapdnt, whofe Heirefs Cockbutn
of That-ilk, many'din the Reign of Robert II. and got with
her the Lartds oi Lanton in the Mlerfe. By this Way of
Marfhalling many Cpats of Arms, the Sirnames of many
ancient Families now extirid. are perpetuate, as that of
Weapont^

p5 Of Arms of Alliances. Gha|). VII.
Weapont, which was once a great and confiderable.F^mily, is
now known in our Days by .the Cpckbums, ais.alfo by the Arms
of the Earls of Roxburgh and Lothian, who parry tylafcles,
to fliew their maternal Defcent from the Weaponts bf Old.
The fecond Way of marfhalling " Arms in one Shield, called
by Sir John Fern, a gartered Coat, is, when there are
more than two Coats quartered together, then the fourth
garter is not always the fame wfth the firfi nor the third
Quarter, the fame with the fecond, but different Arms,
which Ihews the Bearers AUiances to feveral Families.
Campbel Earl of Broadalban, carries three Coats quarter
ly, ift, Girony of eight Pieces Or andSable, his paternal Coat,
defcended of the Duk.e of Argyle's Family; 2d, Argent, a
¦Galley Sable her, Sails truced up, and Oars in Adiony for Lorn;
3d, Or, a Fefs chequee Azur and Argent, as defcended of !
one of the Heircifes of Stewart of Lorn ; /^.th 3cs the iR. *'
Home of Wedderburn, an ancient Family in the Merfs,
carries three Coats quarterly, ift. Vert, a Lion rampant Ar
gent^ armed and langued Gules, for Home; 2d, Argent, three
Peppingoes Vert^ as defcended of the Heirefs of Pepdie of
Dunglafs.; 3d, Argent, a Crofs ingr ailed Azur, as defcended
of Sinclair Heirefs of Polt^art. [Plate 3. Fig. 7,] Many
Cadets of this Family -carry ftUl quartered Coats, of which
I have given a particular Account in my former Effay on
Marks of Cadency.. A .^
Home of Whitefield, Vert, a Lion rampant Argent armedf
and langed Gules within a Border Or, charged with nine FounS^
tains proper.; 2d, Argent three Peppingoes Vert, for Pepdie;
3d, Argerit, a Stags Head eraz'd, with a Crofs patee fttchie
letwixthis Attires, Gules, for Cairncrojs, his Mother being
the only Sifter and Heir to Mr. Alexander Cairncrofs Arch-
bUhop of Glafgom, who died unmarried, tb whofe Fortune
his Nephew ?F^i'/fJ?^/(i fucceeded. [Plate ^. Fig. 8.]
The Stewarts Earls of Traquair, carries four Coats quar
terly, ift, Stewart.; 2da B«cto, as defcended of a .younger Son

Chap. ^VjH, OfAxms~ofAft,iances,, 97
.a^Branch'bf the Stewart Earls pf
'Argent i -and 4th, Argent, an
Wrie Gules, and in t;hief three Martlets Sable, for marrying
one of , the Hefteffes of .RWifeerfoor^ of That-ilk, in the Reign
ofKin^^awpjiV.^' / .0,, V
, ^ C^iartrered Arms have fbmetimes an Ue fcutcheon furmount-
ing them,'5n the Centre, "which cbntaih Arms of Alliance,
Paternal or Feudal ones; Which little 5fe/'^if^, or Inefcutcheon,
was called of "bid "by -our Heraulds, a Moyen in Fefs; the
-Englifh, as before obferved, called it an Inefcutcheon, or E-
fcutcheon of Pretence ; and,% the French, a S«rifo«;, becaufe
it coders fome Part pf all the four Quarters ; and tfie Latines
fay, MediJ regioni iHcumbit parmula. , ; ,,,
Asfor the Antiquity dfbearirig ah Inefcutcheon 'bvet Arms,
we find it anciently ufed by the Emperors of, Germany; fpt
they alwas placed ah Incfeutcheon of their paternal .Coat on
tbe-Weaff of" t;he Imperial Eagle, fo fb.ew that they were
Eledive, and out of what Family.
Guillim obferves, that in the Reign of Richard II. of
England, Simon Burly bare over his own Arms an Inefcut
cheon of the Arm's of Huftay. The firft Bearing of an Inef
cutcheon over Arms that Sandford gives us,, is that of Richard
Duke of'lor^, who inthe Year 1442. carried quarterly quar
tered, ift, Fra^cif and E«^/d!?7ii quarterly, with a Label of
three Points Argent, charged with nine TorteaiiXes ; 2d, Ca^
ftile and. Leon quarterly ; 3d, Morjimer and Burgh quarterly;
and 4th as the rft : "Which Firft Were his paternalArms, as
defcended of Edward 111. and the^d Quarter was his ma
ternal ones, and over all an Ike'fCutcheon Gules, three Lions
paffant guardant Or, within a Border Argent, fbr Holland,
being thefe 'of: his Grandriibther Eleanor Countefs of
Mar&h. ¦•' ^'
Tbe ancienteft Bearing of an Inefcutcheon br Surtout, that
I have met with, was bq the Seal of Arms of John Earl of
Flander/, Son and Heirbf F^i/ip the Bold, Duke of. Burgundy,
N , "' . arid

9^ _^ OfMim.:(f Miahcef;,   ,Chap.fff,
and* his Wife; Ma^g^r^'rjdpuntefs ajid Heirefs d|^'|'/^»^j^
whofe Arms were dimidiated, a§ I have gjVen them i^.efore; in
Plate 2. Fig. 2. This $arl jfo|)«,carried the^^^rms of Iiis Fathat^
Burgundy Modern ahd y^»r/(?«f, "quarterly; Vand the A,rr^s of
his Mother, being the Arms of Flanders -in an Iriefcutcj&eon
overall, Anno'ij^o^. which were continued fp niarihalied
by his Son and Succeffor Philip the Good. - ff .••;
The ancient and honourable Family ofthe HaysofXefter,
npw Marj^uis of Tvoeefidale, have cafried.anciendy quartcrea
Arms; for in the Year 1420. Sir William Hi^j; Knight,. Sherii
of Peebles arid Lord Tefter, carrfed therithequ^rt^red 6)^(^'
of Fra&er of Olivmaftle, and Gifford of lefter c^y^tte-rly
with his own paternal Arms, [Fig- i. Plate^-^.linanfn-
efcutcheon over all, upon the Account pf Marriages with
the Heireffes of thefe Families, as appears by his Seal pf Arms
appended; to the Charter pf Foundation bf tlie Collegiat;
Church of Bat hans, Anna r^zi. withthe Seals of three
©ther Barons, who married alfo the other Cpheirefles of G/f-
ford and Tefter. Sir Williaffi, it feems, marry'd the Eldeft^
Coheirefs of Gifford, for his A rms on his. Seal are quarterly
ift and 4th, Azur, three Cinquefoils Argent, for Frazer oi
Olivercaftle, as defcended of that Faniily; 2d . and ^dj
Gules, three. Bars Ermin, ior Gifford of Giffordhall and
leftcr, over all in Surtout, Argent three Inefcutcheons Gules,^
for Hay. The other three Barons who married the other^
three Cobeirefles pf G/j9^o>-^, were Ihoifias Boid of .Kilmar
nock, EuftackMaxwel of lyling, and. Hougaf M^dbugaCoi
M'kerflm ; thefe, Three have their Seals of Arms appended
to tbe forefaid Chatter, upon which was nothing but their.
fingle paternal Coats : The ift had only the Fefs chequee for-
Bold; the 2d the Saltier, ior Mdxwel; and the 3d, ther
Lion, for. M'-dougal.
Livingfton Earl of Linlithgow, ' has his ¦ paternal Arms:
quartered with thefe ot CaUendar oi Tliat-flk, as a Coat of
Alliance, and that anciently, upon the'account of marrying
the Heirefs of CaUendar of Calkndar, quarterly ift and 4th,
Argent,

CJh^pv^Jf.  -Qf^Ahnf^-^'Allitfnces.-r  pp

,.^j  --,  . c.. .,  J-,  . " Betid
betwixt ftx Billets Of, for CaUendar, overall an Inefcutcheon,
Azur an OakTree Or, within a Border Ar-^gedt,, charged with
ii^U'Ch^&if&ki Gules i as a (&oat bf Augm^ritatibn for the
Title ojf i^S&^^^'tWi This Nobfe Family had for fome
Time of late Gilliefiowers ior Cinquefoils, as in Sir George
Mackisn$ie's Scieme of Herauldry. ' •
Sir Thomas Home of That-jlk, in the Reign of Robert III.
having married Nichohs Pepdie Heirefs of Dunglafs, wfth
wliomhe gpt the Baronyy impaled her Arms \vith his own,
whieh are to be feen in tli^ Chappel of Dunglafs ; their Son
and Heir Sir Alexander Home (as alfo his Brother David of
Wedderbumi of whom be^fpre) quartered Home and Pepdie,
as by his Seal appended to Writs, ^w 144 5* which Ihave
feen. His SPri married M<?»g«r(?riLfl«<^f/ Heir bf the Lord
Landd, andtheir Son Alexander QpQi Lord Home y placed by
way ot SurtouP, ova." his quartered Arms an Insjcutcheon of
the Arms etf Landel, being Or an Orle Azur,- as on the Seals
of the Family appended to Charters, Anno' 1 485 . This ho-
npurabfoFamily having again matched with the Daughter and
Coheirefs of Ha^iurion Lord D^ltM, marflialled her Arms,
Or an a'FfendAzUr, three Mafcles of the firfi, in the third Quar
ter of the Atcliievment of Home ; which Arms of Halibur^
ton continued therein fPr three Generations, till the Family
of Coudenknaws fucceeded, and was then laid afide, being
not defcended of her ) and ¦ the 4th C^a rter as the i ft.
The Right Honourable Patrick Earl of Marchmont, Vif
count of Blazonberry, Lord Polwarth, oi Polwarth, Red"-
braes, Greentaw, &c. his Lordihip's armorial Bearing is
quarterly, ift. Grand Quarter quartered, ift and 4th Home,
2d and 3d Pepdie; ad. Argent three PMes engrail'd Gules,
for Polwarth; 3d, Argent a Crofs mgraikd Azur, for Sin
clair; 4th Qjiart-et- as the ift, overall by way of Surtout
sn -Efcutcheon Argent, an Orange proper leaved, ftdlked and
N 2 flipped

— ,  '  '  ¦ — "  ,  ,¦ ¦ ', " ' ' .,^"',.V ' '^-J ¦ ' ¦ ,.{ _ ',' — T": — rr—r
J GK> -5- - Of Arms - of AUianc4s.  - Ghap. VH;
flipped , Vert, and: enfignld with an l)0e)^ CrdWn'Qr, as a
Coat of Auginei^ation, ^ Plate i. Fig. 2.^ . , , ,,
Sir Andrew Mo^me of Kimmergham, younger Spn^xof- the
Earl of Mar&hniopt, and pne of the Senators, of the^ College
of Jufiice, carries his Father'sArms as "above bla^oft'dj;, within
a Border Ermin. • ....,.' - r.jj.i lo.-- "
It is to be obferved, that in all marfhalled Arms quarterly
with Coats of Alliances, the paternal Cpat is either placed iri
the firft fhiarter or in Surtout y as inthe abpve Examples of
Hay of Tweeddale,; Home and. Linlithgow., j , /
The 3d Way of Marflialling many Coats pf Arms in one
Shield, by the above named Author is called, ]Arms, qUar-;
terly quartered, that is, when fpme, or all the four v^rf/^ of
theShield, commonly calfed the Qrand .Quarter Sy are again
quartered ;, > Ans Iriftapce \ pf fech counter quart ej'd Arins I
have given a little before,, being thefe of Rkhard,Dukie,.(Si
Tork, and I ihall add for another the Arms of WilliamEarl
of Selkrig, eldeft Son of William Marquis of Douglas, hy
his fecpnd.Lady Mary Gordon Daughter to the Marquis pf
Humly, who married Anne eldeft Daughter and. Heirefs, of
James Dnke pf Hamilton, upon which he was created Duke
oi Hamilton for. Life, in the Year 16 do. carry'd quatterlyy
Firft,. Grand Quarter quartered, ift and /i.th,Gules three Cin^
^uefoils Ermin, for Hamilton;. 2d and -^d. Argent, a Ship-
¦with her Sails truffed up Sable,, for the Title of Arran, car-
i:y'd by the Family of Hamilton. . Second, Grand jQuarter,^
Argent y a Man's Heart Gules enfign d with anJmperijalCrown;
Or, and on achiefA^ur, three Stars of the firfi, ior Douglafs,r
Third, Grand jQuarter as the 2d, and the- ^th as the.ifk.
tiere the Arms of Hamilton are preferred to thofe of his
own, being .marflialledjn the firft Quarter upon the account,
asl think, of Feudal Armsy being. invcfted in that Qutehy
for Life, and taking! upon him ; the Name : of the Family;
upon which account and others, the paternal. Cpat is fre
quently in thci firfi and fourth. £iiarters ; when the Husband or.

Chap. VII. Of Arms of Alliances. lot
-or Heir,', derive ;not only their Heritage, _but their Title and
Dignity hpm the Wife or Mother^ as Sir Cieorge Mackenzie
obferves, who gives for Inftance the Bearing of the Earl of
Mar ; ^and I obferve, that the 'Lord Lytt on the fame ^^-
'cburit, Upon' Pi-eterifipri tb the Earldom of Mar, quartered
the Arnisof Mar alfo before his own ; and Sir Ned Mont
gomery of 'Langfhaw, defcended of a fecond Son of Hugh
Montgomery firft Earl of Eglinton, having marry'd Jean
Lyll only Daughter and - Heir of John laft Lord Ly//, in
"whofe Right "he claimed the Larids of Duchal and others, -
carry ''d the Arms of the Lord LyU and Montgomery y thus,
FuR, Grand Quarter counterquarter'ed, ift and 4th, Azun.
a BendbetwiX} fix crofs Croftets fitchie Or , for Mar ; 2d and
3d, Or y Freltee Gules y for the Lord Lyll. Second, Grand
Quarter qudrteredy ift and 4th, Azjir three, Flower-de-lifes
Or, for Montgomery ; 2d and 3d, Gules, three Annulets' Or y.
fioned. Azur, for' Eglinton; the.s.d Grand Quarter as the, 2d,
and the /^th as the ift,, now carried by their Great^grandfon
yames Montgomery oi Langfioaw, principal Clerk to the
Lords pt Jufticiary. -
This Pradice of placing the "Wife's or Mother's Arms be
fore paternal Pries, provided they were thefe of more emi
nent Nobility, has been the general Pradice of England,.
and even to carry the maternaf ones alone, as I have fhown.
before.
' I fhall add fome Inftances here ofthe Vradice of England,.
in marfhalling the Arms of their Wives and Mothers as
HeirelTes, , upon , the Head of Eminency and J^ignity, be
fore thefe ofthe Father or Son, which hath been pradifed.:
by Knights-Companions of the moft Noble Order of the Gar
ter, as upon their Plates of Arms on- their St alls, at W ind for- -
Hall, fo marflialled by the Care of the Garter-principal King-
of kvms in England, as Afhmole gives theni in his InftitutiQh .
of that Order, Chap. 2 6^ , Se6t, 4. Pag,. 71 8. , Richard--

;o2 ~ Of Arms of AlUan^i. " (phap*
Richard Nevil who married Mleanor Daughter and Heft
of 'fhomas Mont acute Earl of Salisbury, being created Earl pf
Salisbury ;ifter his Father-in-law's Deceafe, bore for Arms,
as on the Back of his Stall in Windfor, as a Knight of the
Garter, ift and 4th jQuarter counterquartered, viz. ift, Ar-
gent, three Fufils in Fefs Gules, for Montacute ; 2d, Or^an
Eagle dijplafd Sable, for Monthermer ; 3d as 2d, the 4th as
ift, being the quartered Arms" of his Father-in-law, with
which he quartered inthe ?d and 3d Quarters his own pater
nal Coat, for Nevd, viz. Gules, a Saltier Argent, and in
Chief a F-ambel of three. Points componee ofth^ lafi avd Azur.
And this Earl's eldefl: Son with his Wife Eleanor, hayirig
marry'd Anne Sifter and fole Heir of Hemy Duke of War
wick, marfhalled firft her Arms next his Mother's, andbpth
before his own. After the fame manner WilliatnNcvil,who
married Jean Daughter and Heirefs Pf Fhomas Lprd Fa.ucon^
bridge,, placed her Arms in the ift Quarter, Or, a.Lion ram
pant Azur, and his own in the 2d, Guks, a Saltier Argent^
'cfoarged in the Centre with a Mullet Sable, fpy his Differeriq^,
who Was alfo a Knight of the Garter, in the Reign of Hen)^'
yi." ' ¦ '¦ \ " ^¦
Upbn the fame Account Sir JohnBlpunt., ar?bther Kriigh^t
of that Order, had upon his Plate of Arnis bn the back"of
his Stall, fet up in the'Rei^n of Henry V, his maternal Amis
for the Name of Sanchei, marflialled before thefe of Blount^
thus, quarterly, ift and 4th, Ar^^«?, a Cafile triple taiv'rea
Azurj, ior Sanchet ; 2d and 3d, Or, three Bars Nekuke Sabl^
ior Blount. !¦
Jhpmas Lord Stanley, another Knight pf that Order in the.
Reign of Henry Wl. whofe Wife was ank Heirefs, of the Namp
¦of Latham, quartered his Arms with thefe of his own, thus,
jQuai terly ift and ^th, Latham, Or, qn a chief indented Azur,
three Places Argent; 2d and, 3d,, Stanley, Argent bn a'Bei^d
Azur three Bucks. Heads caboffed Or. So much -then of
¦Inftances for the Pradice in England. Wt

Cbap.-'YIL Of Arihs of Attiafices. i^^j
But tP epme hpme agairi, to our aricieht and modern Fa
milies, for Inftances of Coats of Alliances, whether by plain
^iartering, Quartering, Pr Counter-quartering, above de
fcribed. ' ¦.
The firft' quartered, ArpiS that I meet With, as I obferv'd,
before;^ Vi^ere hP foonef than, in the Reign of King Robert II.
for before that Tinie,. there were nothing but fingle Coats
to be feen, but after the Cuftom ot Marflialling once begun,
thefe, who matched wfth Heireffes, and got honourable Pof-
feffibns by them, were fond enough to fhew theft Alliances,
Tftles Pr Di^nfties, and Pretenfions to the fame; yet there
were fpme ancient Noble Families vvith us, who had tiie
like Right and Pretenfion to quarter their Arms with thefe
of other Famflies, which they have not dpne as yet.
* The ancient Family of Og/Ziiy of That-ilk, carry'd only of
old. Or, d Lion paffant guardant Gules, coloured and crowned
With an open Crown, and not with a clofs Crown, as now,
reprefented, for there were none of that Form either in
ScMandcUr England when this Family riiatched with the
r?a"Ughter and Heirefs. of Ramfay^ of Auchterhoufe, about the
Reign of Kirig Robert II. and wi^h her got tfie Lands and
Deflgriatfbn of L6rd' Ogil'ty of Auchterhoufe, foon, after, as,
appears by ttieft Seals; they qtiartered.tlieArriis bf Ramfay,
Viz. Argent, an Eagle difplay d Sable, Beiked and Me>;ibred
CjuleSi in the 2d and ^d Quarters, with thefe of Ogilvfin
the iftand.4fb.: Tliis Family continued in the Office, of
Heredftary principal Sheriff of Angus, and in the linealMale
SuCceffibn, till the Reign of King James III., that JOmes
Stewart Eari of Buchan,- married the Heirefs of the Fa-
milv. One of the ancienteft Branches pf this Hou.fe is Ogilvy of
Inner quharity, the ferf of which was a younger Sou or Grand
fon bf Ogihy of That-ilk, arid the Heirefs of Auchterhoufe ;
thefe of this Family have been in ufe to carry Ogilvy and
Ramfay quarterly, as above, arid in the Reign of King
James

?o4 Of Arms, of Allimces. V'^^?\ ^%
James III. and IV. after the Extindfon pf the, former'
Houfe, were fometimes priricipal Sheriffs' of Angus. Alex-.
dnder Ogilvy of Inner quhar ity, in the Reign of King James II.
was Tutor and Guar<^an to John Ogilvy. of Airly, as neareft
in Blopd, for his Power and other Abilfties, was.chp'fen by
the-Mofiks bf Aberbroihock, to be their. Bailiff or Judge oyer.
their Temporality, in place oi Alexander Lindfay eldeft Son'
df the Eari bf Crawford, whp with their Followeis opppfedv
him, which occafioned the Battle pf .Akerbrothock, 24. Ja
nuary, .1445. where the Earl of Crawford fell, but his Party
bad the Vidory, and many of Innerquharity's Friends wejre
killed with' himfelf. Thofe of this Family were both Brave
and Loyal. Alexander Ogilvy eldeik Son oi Sir John Ogilv) ,
of Inner fuhariiy, a Yputh fcarce 20. but Valiant above his
Age.- Fpr his Loyalty to his King was execute at Glafgow',
28th Ojffo.i^fr 1645. wfth Sir Philip Nisbet eldeft Son of Sir,:
Alexander Nisbet pf That-ilk, Chief of the Name, by the
.^cruei Rebels of the Times. The laft mentioned had done
honourable' Service in King Charles I's Army in England, '
, and had the Command pf a Regiment there; however, theyr
^"bth fuffer'd at bne Time a noble Death with Patience and"
Conftancy, as became good Chriftiaris and LoyaT Subjeds,,
^ arid were interred both together in the Church-yard of
' Glafgow, where thefe ofthe Name of Nisbet in that Town
ereded a Tomb-ftone for the Honour of their yourig Chiefs
Sir , Philip Nisbet, with his Arms, being. Argent, three Boars
Heads erafed Sable'. Sir John Ogilvy Knight and Baronet^'!
the prefent Laird of Innerquhar ity, carries quarterly ift arid
4th, Argent a .Lion paffant guardant Gules, collared with
an open Crown, and crowned With a clofs Imperial one Or^
for Ogilvy ;. 2d and 3d, Argent, an Eagle difplafd Sable bea^
ked and membred Gules, and in the Centre by way of Sur-r
tout, the Badge of the Order of a Knight Baronet. [Plate 3.
,'^%- 4-]

Chap..., VIL Of Arms of Alliances. 105
-^  ¦ ' ^- ¦ - ' ¦--—¦ ¦— - — ;  ,.J. .  ¦  _  ,  ^\ . :
Ogilvy of Inchiriartinf carried, as- the other , 0^//w/; A'r-
^nt, a Lion paffant guardant Gules, coMred and crowned
Or, v^ho by Reafon that Sir-Walter Ogilvy inthe Time of
}^mg Robert III. married Chrifl'mn Glen, one bf the Daugh^
ters and CpheireffespfSir JohnGlenof Inch?nartin,'quart'ered
the Arriis of Glen, viz. Argent, a Lion rampant Sable, ' arjned
and langited Gules, inthe 2d and 3dQuaftersj with thofe of
his own in the I fl and 4tb. ' ' ' *^" . "'
.How , foon the Ogilvies oi Finlater came to quarter the
Arms'of5/»dd//' I, cannot be pofitive, but they marry'd the
Heirefs of .Si«c/fl*/rot Deskford, inthe Reign of King James
II. They 'carry now quarterly ift and 4th, OgnVy, as
above,: 2d and 3d, Argent, a Crojs ingrailed Sable, tor Sinclair.
Thefe Arms are illuminate, with many other Barons Arms,
in the Houfe of .Falahall, 1604,' wfth this Variation, that
the Lion in the ift and 4th Quarters is'tiot Crown d^ and
below the Lion in thefe two Quarters is placed a Crefcent
Gules. The -Firft of this Family is faid to be a 3d Son of
Sft Walter- Ogilvy of Lintrath an, Predeceffor to, the Earl of
Airlyy how Chief of the Ogilvies, who carries only the plain
Coat of Ogilvy, Argent, a Lion paffant giiardant Gules^
gorged with an open Qowh, and crown' d With an Imperial
one. .
Walter Ogilvy of Bamff gets a Charter from George EsA
of H«»;f/)', (and is therein defign'd Armiger nofter) ofthe
Lands pf Auchannochy in, the Forreftry of Boin, Anno 1491.
and cbnfirmed by King' jTdv;^/ IV. 149.5. This Family was
dignify'd witH the Title ot Lord Bamff by K\ngCharles I.
thelaifi Day of Auguft 1^42. and carries for their Armorial
Bearing, Qiiarterly ift and 4th, Ogilvy, 2d and 3d, Argent,
three Peppingoes Vert, for marry itig one ofthe Coheireffes of
Home of Aitoun; which isa little ftrange, taking the Figures
of Pepdie from the Arms of Home, and not the .paternal
(Figure, the Lion. 'O 'Home

i'o6 Of Arms afJMdkei. Chip.Wlf!
 ¦ — :  > — :  :  —^.  '  —  T  : » ¦¦ ,i,. ••¦ — r 
Home of Aitojt carried quatterly i ft and 4tb, Vift, a Lion
rampant Argent armedand langued Qules, for potnf; 2d and
3d, Argent, .three Peppingoes Vert, beaked and ^etnbred0ules,
for Pepdie oi Dunglafs; atid in theCeritre of tfiefe quar
tered ArrriSj a Rofe Gules, for Aiifo^pf 'That-ilk, fo tidfii
of old, and now by Mr. James Home Laiird of P^en3'ai}d
Brother-german of the prefent Earl of Hom^. '
Forbes fLqrd Forbes, Chiei. pf the Name, carries' P^yV
Azm-y three Bears Heads couped' Argent muzzled Gules. "' M^-
ny of the honpura;bie Cadets of ^hi^ Family, quarter thei^
paternalArms, with thefe bf bther Faniilies, uponthe acf
count of Alliances, as, - ' :;
Forbes of fitftigo, ift and ^th Forbes, 2d and 3d, thref
Cinquefoils Argent, ior Frazer. Six W$iam Forbes, Son t6.
Sir John Forbes Lord Forbes, in the !Reigri Wsing Rcibert IIL
marry'd Margaret Frazer, only Daughter of Sir William,
Frazer of Philorth, whom he had by Agnes Douglafs his
Wife, a Lady of the Faniily of the Douglaffes, and by whom
he gpt the Barony of PitjligOy whereupon that Houfe l^av^
been in ufe to quarter the Coat of Frazer, with his oWn.
This Family was dignify'd with the Title of Lord, 'by King
Charles J. Anno 1633. This Sir WiUiam Forbes of Pitfh^d'i-
had a younger Brother, who married the Daughter arid
Heir ot Sir Henry Prefton of Formartin, and founded. i\\e
Houfe of Tolquhon in BuchaH; which Family carries Fprb^
quarterly wimPreft'^n, viz. Argent, three Unicorns Heads
erafed Sable. ' ¦ .
Sir John Forbes of Waterton, Knight, defcended of th(?
Family of Tolquhon, carried quarterly as Tolquhon, and by
way of Surtout, an Efcutcheon Argekt, charged with a Swordf
and Key in Saltier, Gules, as berifable Conftable of Aberdeen,
by fucceeding to the' Lands of CairnmucheSy in which Officii
he was elfablifhed and confirmed by Ad of Parliament.
Forbes oi Ardo, a Cadet of IJquhon,' eatry'd the fame
with Tolquhon, wfth a Croft patee Argenty in the Middle of
the

_ ........ ,,  , — ¦¦ ¦ - ^ --riii«-iw> — :..-., -
Chip- Vn*. Of Anns (f Allidncts. ' 107
the iff arid 4tb.Qimrtesr4 between ihe Bearj. Hrt?^Tbeing[A
maternal Figure, for his Difference. .tO ^r o sndv
Forbes ot'Sa^e^k), fecond Son to Forbis of Craigie, who
was a fecond ^on ofthe Family of Tolquhon, quarters wfth
Forbes, Argent, three Unicorns Heads ; couped Sable .for
Prefton. ' '-'P" w ;: • ',
Forbes of BaUogie, ranother Cadet 'of Tolquhon, does not
quarter Tolquhon's Arms, bitt marlhals them by a Partftion
per Fefs, in Chief Forbes, and in Bafe the Arms of
Prefton. :.l .
Forbes <bi Ream, for rhiart^ing one of the Daughters and
Coheireffes oiWeeJttsob Rearis j, carries quarterly ift^nd 4th,
Or, a Lion rampant Gules, armed and langued Azur, for the
Name ot -J^iw/ij-, 2d' and -j^di. Forbes.. Herfe the Wife's Arms
are catricd before the Paternal. iS .: \
In' the -Weft of Scotland there were ¦ but few Arms quar
tered till the"^Reigns bf King -^tf?wj'II.i and III. except thofe
•i have -oecafionally mentiPried -before, and the three fol
lowing Families, that < I have come' to the' Knowledge of.
The ancient . and principal Faniily of Montgomery of Egle-
Jham dirry'd Azur' three Fiower-de-lijes Orj upon their match
ing with the Daughter and Heir, of Sir Hugh Eglinton Pf
That-ilk, 'fti the' Reign of King Kofcrr II. quartered the
Arms of £g//«fo« with their own, viz. Gules, three Annu
lets Orftoned Azur, oi whom are the Earls of Eglintony and
of whom- afterwards. . . -
fFa//(!ST of K/ckrfo«,tipon their Mawiage with the Lind
fay oi Craigie, quartered their Arms thhs, iff and /:^th,Gules,
a Litsn- rampant Argent, for Wallace ; 2d and 3d, Gules, a
Feft cheque Argent and Azur, for Lindfay. Sir Thomas Wah-
Jace of' Craigie, Kxiv^t and Baronet, is now Reprcfentative
of thefe two Families.
idure of Rowalan, Argent on a Fefs Azur three Stars Or,
upon their marrying the Daughter and Heir of Sir Walter
QuftiTig in the Reigri'Of David the Bnice ot Robert 11. they
O z quartered

ipS ' " Of Arms of Alliances. Ghap. VII;
quartei-ed the Arms of \Cumingwith their owti, viz^ Azur
three Garbs Or. / " '^0 i hm'-'' ..
•if^ Stewart Lord Damly did not quarter the Arms of Lennox
with. their own till the Reign of King J^mes III. (of which
afterwards) iri that King's Reign the Pradice of quartering
Arms was very frequent. , : -u ;.
Seton of -Carrifton in Fife, carries, now,, Seton and Balfour
quartedy. The Firft of this Family was John Seton^ .a fe
cond Son of George Lord Seton and his Lady Elizabeth Hay,
Daughter to George Lord Tefter. John .Seton carried firfl;,
Or, three Crefcents within a double Treffure counteyflowerei
Gules ; and for his Difference as a younger Son. of the Houfe
of Seton, charged one ofthe Crefcents, with a Bezant,: as on
the Roof of Samfon's Hall in the Houfe of Seton i He mar
ried Ifabel Balfour Heirefs of Carrifton, and their Son George
Seton of Carrifton, laid afide the Bef ant, and placed in the
Centre of his paternal Arms between the three Crefcents, an
Ottar's Head ior Balfour, as in Mr. Thomas Crawford's Mar-
nufcript of Blazons; and afterwards the Family carried quar
terly ift and 4th, Seton ; 2d and 3d, Gutes, on a Cheveron
Or, between two^ Ottars Heads erajed in Chief, and a Flower
de-lis in Bafe of the 2d, an . Ottar's Head erafed of the jfL
Which Coat of Balfour oi Carrifton is fo blazoned, in Sft
James Balfour, fometinie Lion King.of Arms, his.Regifier^.
Malcolm Crawford of Gavnock, a Branch ofthe old Fa
mily of Crawford of Loudon, Heredftary Sherifl& of Aia,.
^arriedGules, a Fefs Ermin, mairy'd Marjory Daughter and
fole Heir of John Barclay Baron of Ktlbimy, in the Rei^a
of King James III. and got wfth her that Barony^^ who cari^
ried Azur, a Cheveron betwixt three crojs patees Argent
which were inipaled wfthhis. own as Husband and Wife
and afterwards qiiartered as on their Seal of Arms; but th^
Crofs patees of : JDflfC%; were fo unskilfully cut, that they
were taken by thofe not well feen in Armorial Figures for
Mdlets, which, as I. am inform'd, were foraetimc qu^artered with

Chap., VII. Of Arms of Alliances. iop
with Crawford, and fometimes compofed by the Heads of
theFamily and its Cadets, till jfo^« firft Vifcount of Garnock
marflialled and reprefented them aright, thus, quarterly ift
and 4th, Gules, a Fefs Ermif^y.ior Crawford; 2d and 3d,
Azur, a Cheveron betwixt three crofs Patees Argent, for
Barci^' V : .
Captain Thomas Crawford of JordanhiU, a younger Son of
Lawrence Cramford of Kilbirny, avaliant-and brave Man, in
the Minority of King 5^ww VI. carry'd the quartered Arms,
as his Father Crawford and Barclay, but the crofs. Patees, the
Figures ot the lafl, upon the general Miftake were repre
fented Mo/ler.x i be placed below the Fefs Ermin, in the ift
and >4th Quarters, for his additional Difference,: two Swords-
in Saltier y for his military Profeffion: He marry'd Janet
Daughter- of Ker of Kerfland, an ancient Family m the
Shire ot Air, who carry'd Gules, jhree Stars. Argent..
Their eldefi Son was Laird of Kerfland,. and the 2d was
Laird ot Jordanhifl, who carry'd only the Arms of Crawford
of Garnock, Gules y^ a Fefs Ermin in.Baje, two Swords in
Saltier, as his Father, and in Chief three. Mollets, for his
MPther, ¦^^^ of ^^''i^^.^'^*
Thomas Crawford of Cartsburn, a- fecond Son oi Cornelius
Crawford of JordanhiU, carried fometimes his Father's Arms
within a Border, but now he has laid afide the Border, and
carries Gules a Fefs E^min betwixt a Fetter-lock Argent in
Chief, as a maternal Difference,, hjs Mother being a Daugh
ter of Lockhart of Lee, and in Bafe two. Swords in: Saltier
Argent, hilted and pomeled Or.
I think I have given a fufficient .Number of Examples of
Arms of Alliancey which,, as I obferved before, were not to
be found any wife quartered till the Reign of Robert IL ei
ther upon the account of AUiance, or any other Confidera-
t-fons, but were all fingle Coats, many of which are to this
Day carry'd fingle, wfthoutthe Addftionpf any other. Arms,
by, many of ourandent and principal Families, as Keith Earl

no- Of Arms of Alliances. Ghap. VII.
6f MarfhalyHay Earl of Errol, Ogilvy^ Earl oFAirly,^ Maul
Earl of PamHure, Carnagy Earl oi Southesk, Forbes Lord
Forbes, any many Barons, Chiefs of Families, too numerous
here to mention. Perhaps many of thehi have had no Rea
fon to marflial their Arms with others, and fome of them
have had good Right, to carry the Arms of other Families
upon the account of Alliance, and other Confiderations; yet
they never have been in ufefo to do, but upon what Reafon •
they have forborn them I cannot pretend to know, if per
haps upon the miftaken Notion, That the more fingle and
plain the Coat of Arms be 'tis the rnore honourable^ ana
Ihews a principal Family; but what does it'lofe of that Ap-f
pearance of Honour, when matflialled fingle with other
Arms, upon the account of an honourable Alliance, Noble
Fieus, and other Additanients pf Hbnour, fince it has been
for many Ages the general Pradice of Kings, Princes, and
Nobles, to. marfhal fuch with thair Armorial Enfigns.
That fome bf our ancient Families, as I jUft now faid,
have had Right to quarter the Arms of other Faniilies, with
their own, and have not done it, will appear by the fol
lowing Dedudion of the Family of Paiimure, which I fhall
here add befbre I put an Erid to this Chapter.
The ancient and honourable Family of Pamritere, carries,
Parted per pale. Argent, and Gules, on a Border, eight Efco-
iops all counterchanged. One of the Progenitors of this Fa*
mily, Sir Peter de Mdulia, in the Reign of King Alexandm^
II. martiedChriftian, Daughter arid Heir pf Sir PM/p <i« Pd-*
loniis (Vallans) Lord of Panmure, Lord High Chamberlain
of Scotland, with whom he obtained the Baronies bf Pan-
inure and Benvin. The Property of fhe one, and the Supe
riority of the other, are ftUl in the Poffeffion of this Noble
Family, defcended frbm the fame Philip de Vahniis, who
carried for Arms, Azur, three water Budgets Or, as in Sir
James Balfour's arid Mr. Poni's Manufcripts of Blazons^
which the Family of Panmure might have quartered with
their

Gha^.-VII.' Of Arms of Alliances. ni
their own, when Marfhalling was in ufe, to perpetuate the
Memory of that ancient and nobleFamily' oiVallance, be
fides the Earl of Panmure's Progenitors, had alio Right to
carry rhe Arms of Brechin Lord Brechin, being Or, three
PileF iffuing from the Chief conjoined by the Points in Bafe
Gules. I have given before a ftiort Account of the Defcent
of Brechin Lord Brechin, Chap. 3. Page 38. and of his
Daughter and Heir, who was married to Sir Ddvid Barclay
of Cairny, by whom he had Sir Pavid Barclay of Brechin,
and a Daughter Margaret, married to Sir David Fleming of
Biggar, tb whom fhe had only a Daughter Mariota, who
was married .in the Reign ot King Robert II. to' Sir Thomas
Maul of Panmure, who was kill'd at the'Battlebf Hfr/^vjy,
and left Iffue behind him, (of whom is defcended the Earl
of Panmure). Sir David Barclay of Brechin, Mariota's Uncle,
had only a Daughter and Heir Margaret Barclay, who was
married to Walter Stewart Son to King Robert II. thereafter
Earl of A thol, with whom he had David his eldeft Son,
and Alan Eai^ of Cajthnefsy who bp^h died:; before himfelf.
David th^ ]eldeR, If ft a Son Robert, Y^ho'was cp;nc,erned in
the Murder of King James I. and fuffered for it fome Days
before the Ej^ecu|ion of his Grandfather, the old wicked
unnatufjir Earl. Whereupon, in theY!ear 1437. immedi
ately before the' Earl's Execution, Sir Thomas Mauftook.
Inftruments upon the Earl of Athol his poflleifing the Lord-
ihip^pf Brechin, only byCpurtefy, and that be himfelf was
next Heir to it in Blood, and tpok feveral beclaratibps
thereupon, which are inthe Earl of Panmure's Hands,.' and
which are more particularly taken notice pf and obferved by
Mr. Crawford In his Peerage, both under the Title of Lord
Brechin arid Earl of Panmure. So .that this Family has had;
Right npt only to carry the Arms of Valance, but thefe of
Brechin Lord Brechin,, as alio i thefe of Barclay oi Brechin,
viz, Azur,: aX^^'^^ron betwixt three Croffes pattee.. Argeht, and

112 Of Adoption and Subftitution. Chap. VIIL
and to marfhal them with their own, to fhew theirDefcents
and Pretenfions to Brechin. . ; i
All the quartered Arms that, I meet wfth belonging to
Scottifh Families, do not exceed fix different Coats of Arms,
which are marfhafled after thefe three Ways, Plain Quar
tering, Quartering, and Counter-quartering, of which I have
treated and flluftrate by Examples;, with their Surtout s or
Inefcutcheons. But with other Natfonsj efpecially the Germanic
we will find Thirty or Forty different Coats of Arms marfhal
led altogether in one Shield, of whofe various Difpofitions
and Methods of Marfhalling, I Ihall treat of afterwards, but
firft go OH with the other Caufes of marfhalling many Coats
of Arms in one Shield. '

CHAP. VIII.
Of Adoption and Subftitution.
ADOPTION isa legal Ad, whereby one or many
are brought in to a Family, as the Lawyers fay,
A^ius legitimus per quem quis in alienam recipitur
familiam, invented for the Comfort of thofe who have no
Iffue, and in cafe of failing bf one, others are fubftitute to
fucceed, according to the Diftination of the Adopter.
It is a great Comfort and Solace for one dying without
Iffue, to have the Benefit of a Law to adopt others of his
wswn Kindred, or out of it, tb perpetuate the Grarideur of
•his

Chap. VIII. Of Adoption and Subftitution. 113
his Family in Name and Arms, left they go to Oblivion in
the Grave wfth himfelf, and, as the Cuffom is, agreeable
to Naturoj fo it is of a very fong Standing; fpr Jojephus in
his Hiftory bf the Jewsy^tells, that Abraham adopted the
Sort of Aaram his Wife Sarah's full Brother, befpre flie
had a Son, and the Scripture tells us that the Daughter of
Pharaoh adopted Mofes, and Mordecai adopted Efther . the
Daughter of his Brotfier, Efther, Chap. 2. Ver. 7. It was
the Cuftom alfo of other Nations, "efpecially with the Ro
mans, to adopt, and that thofe whom they adopted went
often urider the Name of the Adopter. Odor'Vius was called
Cafar, from Julius Cafar who adopted him. Pomponius
Atticu5,was fii'named (ftecilius from Q^ Cecilim his adoptive
Father, and the two Sons of PauUfS JE,milius, adppted by
Fabius Maximus arid Scipio Africanus, the one was named
Fabius, and the other Scipio; and the Enfigns bf.the Adop
ters, as well as Names, paffed from the Adopters to thofe
they adopted, by the -Cuftom of the Romans, as that Gol
den Chain or Collar, ufed by the Family of Torquati, from
which they had the Name, as before in the firft Chapter of
this Ef&y, which Name and Enfign defcended to Pofterity, as
is to be feen on the Roman Coins^ and that when one of
another Tribe, was adopted into this Family, he alfo did af
fume that Badge or Enfign of Honour, as may be feen in
another Med'al relating to D. Junius Silanus fometime Prse-
toroi Macedonia,, who was adopted into the Manlian Fa
mily of the Torquati, as in Afhinole's Inftitutibns, Chap. 7.
Se£l.6. Pag. 219. and thefe Adoptfons were made by pub-
lick Authorfty, and many Ceremonies which were ufed in
many Countries, according to their difierent Cuftoms, and
more frequently ufed in Foreign Countries at the conveying
Eftates, Name and Honours of the Adopter to their adopt
ed Heirs, than in Britain.
Lawyers tell us, that when the Adopter and the Perfon
adopted are both Noble, the laft lofes nothing of his native
P ' Nobility,

]i:ri4- Of Ad^iim and Subftitution. Cb^p. V|p.
Nobility,. Dignitas per adoptipnei» dcqmristur -vel aj^tm mn
minuitUr.. -^ , -¦ '.
If the Adopter be Ignoble, andthe Perfon adopted i^%,
there is no Detriment to thelaff, who ffiy keeps the iVo-
bility of his Blood, Adc^tio mutat Gentef^ non Genus ; and
here there is no Queftion about . Ajms : But,
Vv'^hen a Noble Perfon adopts an Ig/ioble one, the Queftaqn
is,, whether the Ignoble by Adoption become Noble :¦ Hopin-
giusy de Jure Inftgnium, Cap. 7. is for the Affirinative, bii,t
generally all Lawyers are for the Negaftive, ahd tell usj
NobiUm ex, Ignobili adoptio non facit, and that the^ Ignofj^
adopted has no Right to ufe the Armorial Enfigns of tlie
Noble Adopter. Sir John Fern, in his G/ory of .Qenerofjty,
Page eji fays. That the Ignoble cannpt fucceed more to,t^
Honours of their, adoptive Fathers, than Baftards t0;the|r.
Fathers, and regrets fuch aSuceeflipn in England, where
many, of a bafe and ungentle State, as adopted Spns, db
inherit the Names, Poffeffions, and Arms of tbeir adoptivp
Fathers, whereof fpme are in the Countries pf Hampton,
Huntington and Worcejier. • '¦ - ,
Adoption, fays he, is ah Alienation, a^d aay Mm gmii.:
give away his Eftate tpa Stranger, but his Arnis, the EufigqS:,
of bis Nbbilfty, he .carinotjTo long as any ot his Kindfed
is alive;; yea, if there be but a Baftard remaining capable pf
the King's L^iniation; fn his forenamed Book,, f^g.
This Author adds thefe three Obfervations, when a Per
fon leaves his Eftate to another, upon Condition to ufe his
Name, and Arms. ' rft, Tliat he who is fo ben,efit,ed an^
enjoined, muft carry bothName and Arms, and fo folfil the
reftament..i:2<i^7. If the Heir, a- Stranger, be pf m,Qi;e
^Jpble Blood and Family than the Adapter, he's then wpt
)bliged by the Teftament to difufe his own ¦ Name an,d
\rms, but ma^ quarter the Arms pf the DJfponery ii he
)feafes, after his dwii. And $dly. If the Hfiir be of inferipr Blood

Gftap. -VII'I^ . Of Adoption and. Stfbftitution. uj
Hood' and E^riJl5she'spbiig'd to leave his own Name al
together, as alf© hiis proper Arms, except he marfhal. them
after the Adopter or Dif poner's Arms.
- By- our Law, we have no formal Adoption to fpeak pro
perly, but materially, thefame Way of conveying of Eftates
and PP&ffions to Strangersiand others,, who could not have
otherwife fucceeded but by Alienation and Dilppfition, wfth
Gonfent of Authority^ efpecially as to the conveying of Ho
nours, -which Way F take for a kind of Adoption), and call
the Arms of fuch Perfons who enjoy the Eftate, Name, and
Arms of others fo difponed* to them. Arms of Adoption,.
to diftinguifh tbem from Arms of MUances, treated of in'i
tlie for^ier Chapter, which the Bearers, as general Heirs to
them, may carry or not carry them as they pleafe j but here,
fhofe who, obtain Eftates by this way of Adoption, are obli
ged by the-Deftination. of the Difponer, to carry his Name\
and Arms, or to marflial them with his own. What the.
learned Sir George Mackenzie fays as to this Point, in his
Science of Herauldry, P^ge 80.. I Ihailhere add, " That the
" Learn'deft Afttiquarie& and Lawyers conclude, that when a
" Perfon leaveshi^-Eftateto-attOtheii upon Condftion that he
.-*^ ihall-bear the Difponer's Name and Arms, he who is to-
" fucceed, is not by Condition obliged, to lay afide his own
" Name and Arms ; but may quarter his own /\.rms with
*' thefe of the CSfponer, exoept the Difponer do, in the In-
** fhtution proliibit the bearing of any Arrns befides his own,
*'and, the Heir "in marfhalling his own and the Difpbner's
^ Arms may ufe what Order he pleafes^ by giving the firft
^' Quarter: either to his-own, or to the Difponer's, except
" the contrary be exprefs'd in the Inftitution. '^'
It is evident then that Adoption, apd fuch way of leaving
Eflates behind tbem^ may be faid to have been the Caufe
got only of difufing Arms, by carrying thofe only of the
Adopter or Difponer, (of which before) but alfo oi marflial-
iing or quartering the Heir's Arms- with thofe of theadpptivfc
'• • ' P 2 ' Fa tiler's

•«

ii6 Of Adoption and Subftitution.. Chap, .VIII.>
Father*s, or Difponer's, whether of Kindred or Strangers,:
of which I fhall give fome Inftances wfth us. ,, , r« ,
Some have relinquifli'd: both their Name and Arm^^ and"'
ufed only thofe of the Adopters or Difponers, altogether
Strangers to one another, as of late with us, John Biggar
of Wolmot, nominated as his Heir Wallace, a,
Nephew of Sir Wallace of Craigy, fpmctime
one of the Senatorsof the College ot Juftice, to fucceed him
in his Eftate of Wolmoty upon Condftion that he , ufe only
the Name and Arms of Biggar of Wolmot, which he conti
nues to do, the Arms being. Argent, a Bend Azur, betwixt^
two Mollets Gules. And thefame way Ranken of Orchard-
head, who carry'd. Gules y three Boars Heads erafed Argent,'
betwixt a Lance iffuing out of the dexter Bafe, and a Loch-
abar Ax iffuing out of the Sinifter, both ere6ied.in.pah of the^
laft i was obliged to leave his Name and Arms,.and ufe onfy
as Heir-adoptive of Little of Over-Liberton, his Name and
Arms being. Sable a Saltier engrailed Argenty tho' he was^
near of Kin to. Little of Liberton. So Alexander Abercromby^
oi Tillybody having no Child of hisoWn,. in amanner adopt
ed Mr. Alexander Abercromby. a Namefakc, and gave him hi«
Eftate upon his Death, which he accordingly enjoys. ' '
Sir William Ballanden of Broughton, Treafurer^depute in
the Reign of Kmg.Charles IL and thereaiterhordBallanden^r
having been unmarry'd, pafs'd by his Sifter's Son David
Lord Cardrofs, and adopted John Ker younger Son of Wil
liam Earl of Roxburgh, and fettled his Eftate upon him,
and gbt the Title of Honour conveyed to him ; and accor-
diriglyupon the Lord Ballanden's Death, Anno 1670. Mr..
Kcr, as his adopted Heft, did fucceed him, and wore his-
Coat of Arms, without any Mixture or Addition of. his own
paternal Bearing, according to the Deftination, being, G«/i?j-j
a Hart's Head couped, between three crofs Crofiets, aU within,
^ double Treffure counterfiowered with Mlowerrde-Ujes Or ;
and

chap. VHI. Of Adoption and Subftitution. .^ 117^
and got likewife his heritable Office of Uft/er to the Exche
quer, which he officiate by a Depute. :, .
Another Tnftance fomewhat like Adoption, was that of
John Charters of Kinjauns, in the Time ot King James Wl.
he adopted H^nry Lindfay a younger Son ot the Earl of
Crawford, apd fettled his Eftate on him, and Jie took upon
himthe'^ameof Charters, and carry'd the Arms, viz. Ar
gent, a Fefs Azur, within a double Trefture counterfl'jwered
Gules, till he became Earl of Crawford^ by the Deceafe of
a Brother, who left no male Iffue behind him. :
Sir John Maxwel of PoUock having no Iffue of his Body,
pafled by his Sifter the Lady Kelburn in the Succeffion of
his Eftate, and adopted Mr. George Maxwel younger of
Aldhouje, a Gentleman of great Worth and, Virtue,, and ac
cordingly put him in the Fie of his Eftate, in his own Lite?
"time, whofe Sori is the prefent Sir John Maxwel of Pol- .
lock, who was fometime Lord Juftice-Clerk, and now one
oi the Senators of the College of Juftice, carries. Argent on
a Saltier Sable, an Annulet Or fioned Azur.
William Cochran of That-ilk, having but one Daughter,
he married her to Alexander Blair, Son of John Blair of
That-ilk, and info much adopted him, that he was defign'd
Cochran in, the Lifetime of his Father-in-law, and carry'd
the Arms of Cochran, Argent, a Cheveron Gules betwixt
three Boars Heads erafed Aziur, armed and langued of ther
firfi, {Plates- Fig- P*] and carry'd nothing of the Arms of
Blairy nor his Iffue the Earls of Dundonald, at this Time,
but .the fingle Coat of Coc^rrtw.
DdtJ/^ firft Vifcount of Storfnont, a younger Son p{
Balvaird having no Iffue of his own Blood, lie pafs'd
by his Nephew aqd Heir Sir Andrew Murray oi- Bal
vaird, and adopted- Mungo Murray Son to -the Eari oi
Tillibardin, and accordingly he enjoy 'd the Eftate.. and
Tftles of Vifcount of Stormont, and Lord Scoon, till his
Death, fti the Year 1542.. that he leaving np Iffue, the Et
ftate, Tftles and Hbnour fell to theHoufe of Balvaird, tlie

1 1 8 Of Adoption and Subftitution. Cha|)..VllK
the firft being but a younger Son of Balvaird, ainde^rfd
for Arms, Azur^ a Crofs pattee Argent, betwixt thrU Stars
of the fame, and for his Difference^ a Crefcent. - -
David Murray of Balvaird fucceeded ^ to- the Eftate and
HPnours in the Year i6j8. his Grandfethfer was^a yourig
Son of lillibardiny who married the Heirefs of Barclay bf
Balvaird, upon which accbunt the Vifcount of Stormont arid
Lord 5i?0(7» carries quarteriy ift and 4th,i Azur, three Stars
Argent,- within a double Ireffure counterflowered Or, iot
Murray; 2d and 3d, Guies, three croft Pattee s Argent, fdi
Barclay of Balvaird, Plate 3. Fig. low
Hu^ Montgoiriery: Earl ©f Eglinton-, whb died without
^ny Iffue Anno 1612. had pafs'd by his own neareft Heir^
.male of the Houfe of Montgomery,, and fettled his Eftate
upon his Coufm-german Alexander Seton, Son- of Robert Erfk
Earl of Winton and his Lady Margaret Montgomery Daugh
ter of J-%^-. Eari of Eglinton, Aunt ofthe laft Earl, who
accordingly fucceeded, and as he was obliged by the Earl of
E^//'«?o«'s Deftination, aflimi'dthe Name arid Anus of Mo«f-
gomery, whieh were then quarteriy ift and 4th, Azur, three
Flower-de-lifes Or, for Montgomery ; 2d and 3d, Gules, three
A.nnulets Or, ftoned Azur, for Eglinton. Mr.- Alexander
Seton fo adopted into the Family, left his own Name for
that of Montgoimy, and carry'd the above Arms, and pkced
bver theni an Inefcutcheon bf the Arms of his Father, viz.
Or, three Crefcents within a dokble Treffure countetflowered
f^ules. which are painted in a Room in the Hbufe of SetorP.
But tho' Montgomery Eari of Eglinton could difpofe of his
Eftate as he had a -mind, yet he could not make over his
Honours to Mr. Alexander Seton, and therefore ft was fome
Time before King James VI, was prevailed on to confirm
to him the Titles of Earl of Eglinton arid Lord Montgomery
which was at laft by the Interceffion of the Queen, upon
Mr. Alexander Seton s mafrying^ Lady^ Anne Livingfton,
4)aughter to Alexander Ead of Linlithgow-, who was one of
the

f^hipiVl^. - -Of Ad0iap\and Std)ftitution. ii^
the Queen's Maids of Honpur, and the Titles pf "Honour
and, Precedericy -of the Earls of 'Eglinton, were^qonfirm'dto
him, of whom is lineally defcc)ided tlje prefent Earl pf Eg
linton ; the "inefcutcheon with the Arms of. Seton aboye^
mentioned was difufed, and the Arms of the Family were
then marfhalled, as- now, carried thus; quarteriy iff ,and
4th, Montgomery; 2d and 3d, Eglinton; aU within a Border
Or, charged with a double Treffure co.unterflowp-ed GuleSy
[Plate '^. Fig. 1 1.3 which is as it the Arms of the Earls of
E^//'«/o« Were placed over the .Arms.of >Sfifo«, of which no-
thin^' is feen but the Extremities, of the Field, with the
double Treffure, being a Murkot Defcent from the Family of
SetOn, and the Amis are now fuppprted by two Dragons
Vert', (from the Creft of the Earl of ?^/'«^o«, being the
fame) having ufed before for Supporters iftjyo Women or An
gels in D'almatick Habit ^\whic\i is agreeable to an univerfal
Pradice for the adopted Heirs, of which Sort 'Mi*. Alexander
Seton may belaid to be one, (and a very beneficial one, who
brought afong with him a va ft Sum of Money, which relie
ved Hie FPrtune'of Debt) tp ufe ope figure pr pther of hjs
paternal Atchievment, to*ffiewhisnatiiraI"'Defcent, ^andfome^
times the" whole^ if he be not obliged , to leave it put.
I think the Lord Nairn's Cafe is alfo pretty near that di
an Adoption ; King Charles II. underftanding that Sir Rober}
Nairn of Strathurd, bad intended that his only daughter
fhould marry a younger Son of the Mjirquis of Athol, upofl
that he thought fit to create Sir Rpbert Nairn a, Lord, for
his own Life,, arid to th.e Heirs of hisf^ughter, who wastP -
marry a Son of the Marquis of. Athol, tlib' the"" Marquis's
Son was not named, but left blank,; whpmfoeyer flie wi^s,
to marry of the Sons, he always being obliged by. Sir Ra-
bert Nairn's Deftination, to change his Name to Nairn, and
wear the Arms, with the quartered Coat of the Family of
Athpl, thus quarterly, ift. Parted per pale. Sable and Arj
gerA, a €haplet charged with four Cinquefoils aU counierchan-

I20 Of Adoption and -Subftitution. Ghap. VIII,
ged, for Nairn; 2d, Azur, three Stars Argent within a
double Treffure, flowered and counterflowered Or, for Murray;
3d, Quarterly ift and /\th, Pallee of fix,. Sable and Or,, fox
Athol; 2d and 3//, Or, a Fefs cheqwe Azur and Argent, fox
Stewart; 4th Grand-martcr as the lif. Plate ^. Fig. ^12*
There are feveral fuch Examples which I might here add,
but being Hmited to a certain Number of Sheets by the
Propofals, I fhall forbear, and only give one. frpm England,
of the ancient and honourable Family pf the Name of Percie^ -
whofe Arms were, Sabje, a Chief indented Or ; WittiamLord
Percie having only a Daughter, Agnes, was marry'd to
Jocelin de Lavonia, a yjaunger Son of Godfred Duke of
Brabant, who carry'd. Sable, a Lion rampant Or ; Lord
William Percie adopted his Son-in-law, wfio was obliged- to
difufe his own Name and Arms, and carry only theNariie"
and Arms of Percie, which he and his Iflue performed, , till
the Pradice of mirflialling many Arms in orie Shield, then
theFamily quartered the Arms of Jocelin de Lavonia. with
thofe of the Name of Percie. And again, H^nry Perm
Earl of Northumberland marry'd the Sifter and Heirefs pf
Anthony Lord Lucy, for his fecond Wife, and got with her
a great Eftate, but flie had no Iffue to him; he, with his
Lady's Gonfent, gave that Fortune to Henry Percie firnamed
Hotfpurs, a Son of a former Marriage, upon Cpndftiontbat
he marfhalled the Arms of !.«£•_)', being Gules, three Lucy
Fifhes, i^i.e. Pikes) haur lent Argent, with his^own; fo that .^
the Earls of Northumberland of thefame of Percie, carry'd
after that, quarteriy ift and 4th, Jocelin de Lavonia ; 2d
and 3d, Lucy, and in an JnefcutcheoMy by way of Surtout^
¦the Arms of Percie. Plate s. Fig. 13.

CEtAR

121

, J

-. ft i u '-.'I

t: H A p. IX
O/ Vatronage.

ARMS, of Patrajfage, ate thefe of Patrons and Supe
riors, carried iri part, or in whole, by their Clients
and Vaffals, to fhow their Deperidance.
They formed of old their Arms after thofe of their Pa
trons and Over-lords, or topk a Part of them to compofe or
giwarlfr. with theirown, asfoPn as thefe Ways became fa-
Ihioriable. In many Shires of our Kingdom, where our ancient Earls,
Lords, and great Men had been Patrons and Superiors,
there we find their Armorial Figures n^pre frequent than o- i
thers, in the Bearings of "manyof the prefent NobUity and
Gentry^ which IhpW their Progenitors to have been Clients
and Vaffals to ttiem, tho' now living in other. Shires, to
have been originally.i^bmfuch Shires where fuch. Figures do
predbmine;; as in ^Annandale, where' the ancient Lords of
Annan dw^t, carried a Saltier and Chief % There the Bruces,
Murrays, Johnfions. Jardins, Kilpatricks, and feveral others,
carry fuch Figures of different Tindures, accompanied with
other :Fig-nres, -to diftinguifh themfelves frofti one another. ¦
In Dougkfidale and -other Countries, which the Douglaffes
poffeft in Property br Superiority, there many old Families
" have5r^r/. Andin Fife-lhire, Lions are carried, upon account;
"the Lion was the. Armorial Figure of the Mackduffs Earls
-and Over-fords of Fife ; and in Angus, Lions, upori the
! Q. account

122 Of'Patronage.  G|iag.lXJ
account of their old Earls. And m thofe Shires where the
Stewarts of old had Intereft, many Families have their Fi
gures chequered, from the Stewarts Fefs chequee, which they
have been in ufe to carry uppn the accouflt of Patronage, as
Rofs Lord Rofs, Semple L^d Smpte,. Ffoi^on bi That-ilk,
Br is ben of Bi]hoptoun,Hatt of Fulbar, Fteming of Barachon;
Shaw of Bargaran, and thofe of the Name of Spruel, with
feveral others, whofe Ppffcffipns were in the Shire of Ren
frew, and other CoUQtries belonging to the Stewarts, where-
Figures chequered are prefumed to be originally f o carried
upon the account of Patronage ; and the fame I obferve in
many Shires with us, and in E»jg/^»isf' the fame Pradice wasrr
there. 3
Cambdeny in his Remains of Britain,, Page n-8.'i^ySy,
Gentlemen began to bear Arms of whom they held in Fie, or
to whom they were moft devoted ; fo whereas the E^irl of
Chefter bare Garbs,, (Wheat. Sheaves) many Gentlemen of
that Couritry took Wheat Sheaves.. Whereas the old Earl
of Warwick bare Chequee Or and Azur, a Cheveron Ermin,
i^any thereabout took Ermin andChequee. In Leicefter and
the Country qonfiriing, divers bare Cinquefoils, for that the
ancient Earls of Leicefter- bare Gules,, a Cinquefoit Ermin ;
from which the Family of Hamilton with us, whp carry the
fame.. In C«w^^>-/fi!«^ and thereabout, where the old Barons
osf Kendal bare, Argent, two Bars Gute^, a Lion paffant Or,
in a Canton of the fecond,. many Gentlemen thereabout'
took the fame in different Colours a»d Charges in the-
Canton. In Italy and Spain, the Pradice of marfhalling the Arms-
of Patron? or Over-lords, with, thofe of the Clients and"
Vaflals, has been anciently- very much ; in ufe, as Meneftrier
tells us, that in Plaifans the Four principal Families there,-
viz. Angui, Fontana, , Landi, and Scotiy had their Arms im
paled on the right Side, as Coats of Patronage, with thofe
o|. other FamiUes in that Country and City, whaaffociated and

42bap. IX. Of Pmromge. ¦ i ^i
and fub^ed themfelves as Vaflals and Clients, to Pne or
^ther 0^ thofe above-named Four principal Families.
.s -The Book, -entitled, Jeu' de Armories de Soveraigns &
¦Efiati d* Europe^ gives us the blazon, and the Reafon ofthe
Armoridl Bearingof theDukeof Mi?«ife»d and Ferrara^thus
•bhujon'd by tbe French, ^Plate 3. Fig. 14.] Tierce in pale,
Tft, Or, a double Eagle diffslnfd Sable, beaked, membred and
crowned Gules, (the Amiorial Figure of the Empire, be
caufe that Pririce is under fts'Proted'ion) Coupee with AzUr^
three Flower-de.UfesOr, (for France) within a Border double
indented Or and Gules, (for Ferrara) Nicolas Lord of Ferra-
ra, came under the Protedfon of Charles VII. of Frante)
.-ad. Gules, two Keys placed in Saltier addoffe Or and Ar
gent, liee Azur, and m Chief the Papal Tiar, (upon the ac
count that Ferrara is a Vicarage of the Sec of Rome) and
over the Keys an Efcutcheon Asatr charged with an Eagle
i^^y'd Argent, crowned, beaked, and membred Or, (for the
Marquifateof Efte) 3d, 'France within the Border of Ferrara,
Caupee with the Empire xss before. Thefe Atms would with
us be blazoned thus. Quarterly iff and 4th, the Eptpire-; 2d
and 3d, France, within a Border double indented 'Of
ondiGuleSy arid over allca Pule, charged with the Papal En-
fi^Sy and ftmmunted with an Efcutcheon of Efte.
Cardinals have been in ufe to add to their paternal Bear
ings, the paternal Arms ofthe Popes or Pther Princes, by
wboJe Means JIj^! have obtained to that Dignity, and were
called Arms vf Patronage^
The Kings of Sdcily and Arragefn, quartered with their
own the Arms df the Family of Swabia, as Arms of Patro
nage ; as did a;lfo the Dukes bf Parma and the Princes of
Mirandula the Arms etf other PPtentates; of which after
wards. Asfor an Inftance of fuch a Pradice wfth us of Vaffals arid
Qients., marftsUing the Arms of their Patrons and 0ver4ords
Q,« ' with

134 '"¦ Of. Patronage., Gbap«-.'13l»'.
with theft own, I fliall add, this one Inftance of the Arnriot^
rial Be-i.ringof. Johnfton of Elphinfion, once a confiderable Fa^
mily in Ea(f-Lothian, as they' are yet to.be feen imboffed
and illuminate,, on that curioius Rool of. theHall;calledid;/lr
fon's Hall,.'in the Houfe pf,&f(p«i. amongft feveral btheir At
ehievments, there is that ott Johnfton of Elphinfton, Quar
terly, ift. Or, three Crejcents taithin a doubk. Treffure coitH'
terflowered .Ctulesy fox Seton; 2d, Argent, a ^Saltier Sabk,
and on a- chief Gules . three. Ctfhians Or, ior, Johrfion;.^. 34
Azur, three Garbs Or, for Buchan; and. 4th as the 1^.,
{Plate -i. Ftg.if.'] Here Johnfions Arms gives^l-ice to thofe
of Seton, and as they«wcre. incorporate in the Family, and
Atchievment, ot the LordSetony which were fo done upon
this account, as Sir Richard Maitland of Lithington gives, us
in his venerable Manufcript of theFamily oi. Seton; That in
the Minorfty of King James Ih Chancellor. Cmcfef (5« got
into his Cuftody in. the Caftle of Edinburgh, George Lord
Seton, only Son of the deceaft John Lord Seton, and his Lady
Dumbar Daughter tothe laft Earl of M«rc4
Ihe, being a Widow, znid having .befide pnly a Daughter to
reprefent the Family, whom the Chancellpi'.endcavpuredto
have m. Marriage with his Sori; the Mother .by all '.Means
endeavoured her Son's Liberation, and oppofedthe Match,
wherefore flie applies to. Johnfton. of That-ilk (Pi-ogenitor
ofthe Earls oi Annandale).. an. 'intimate Vav.Gur\te ofthe
Cjiancellors, for the Relief of her Son, !the ;Laird of John^
fton, undertakes to relieve her Son, providing the Xady
would marry him, being alfo. a Widower,., which he effe-'
duates, and carries the Lord.. 5(?^/?« tb, his Houfe in. Annate
dale,. vvhere he marries the Lady Seton, who bare to, him
feveral Children., Gilbert. John ftoji their eldeRSon, a brave
Gentleman, being uterin Brother to Lord George . Seton,
Superior of the. Lands bf Elphinfton, he. married /^^»«,E(-
phinflon Hcftefs pf Elphinfton of That-ilk, and'got.with.her
thelc Lands by the Favour pf Jiis uterin Brother the Lord
Setopy

.iihapi:5|. Off: Csraiittide, and Affellion^ 12.5
Sf ?£/»,; who, as Superior, had the Right- of 'Ward and Mar
riage, and bf them defcended the J.ohnft,6ns of Elphinfton,
till the Reign of King Qiar/^j'-II. Vaffals to the Lords Se^o/^r,
afterwardsr Earls oi r^/«^o«.. 'Tis true, the Family . of ^o^«-
fton of ^^^infidn.hadi not always, ^on their Seals the' above
;ma,rfti4lied.^rn-^s, vvith their owri'^ but commonly fonly tlfe
paternal Cpa,t oijohnftonj, the Saltier Charged iii theCentre,
withaGnquefod of the firfi; and fbmetimes, I find thefe
marfhalled wfth E^wj^ow,. upon the .account of marrying
the Heirs of Elphinfton- of That-ilkj viz. Argent, a CheV:^
rop Sah[e betwixt three Boaxs Heads couped Gules. ; '

GH AP.: X.
Gratitude and f AffeUiom

R ATITUDB and. Affection are obferved by fomip
¦;:HerauIds,' to, be the ^Caufes of. marihalling feveral
'. Coats of , Arms in pne Shield,' of which., there ar.e
butfew Inftances, to Jbe found ,w4th us. Th^ Arms ofthe
Benefactor are fometimes found'quartered with- thefe pf, the
JSf«f,^cw»')', upon the account of Gratitude.' .
Meneftrier tells us, that the Prince of /4«toc^, addreffing
himfelf to Lewis XI.- of France for Supply, tp recpver his
Dominions out of the Hands of the Infidels, was courte-
©ufly [received by that King, who fupply'd him with all
Things necefl[ary for the recovering of his Principality ; for
," ' ' ' ^ ' ' ' which..

126 Of Gratitude and J^eBion. €hapr X,
tvhich he quarteredthe Arms of Fr^w?, as a Sign of a grate
ful AcknoWledgnient.
As for Arms of AffeSfions I may call thefe of the Boils of
Englaiid fuch, becaufe Dayid Earl of G/d^(^m quartered
them wfth his oWn, iipon the account of Affection tb Boil
Earl of Burlington, ahd other Branches of that Name in
England, who acknowledge their Defcent from his Family
in Scotland, which is of, an Pld Standing in the Sheriffdom of
Air; in the Reign of Alexander HI. they poffeffed the
Lands of Kelburn; ior in Charters about that Time mentioh
is made of Ricardus Boil Domims de Caulburn, i. e. Kelburn,
and Wallerus Cummin Dominm de Rougallan, i. £. Rdwallan,
as in the Evidences in the Charter-cheft of Rowallan.
Hugo Boil, in 13 pp. makes a Mortification tothe Monks
of Paifly, for the wellfare of his Soul ; This Family conti
nued down in a dire^ male Line till the Reign of King
¦Charles I. that John Boil of /0/^«m having .no male Iffue,
be married his only Daughter and HeixGriffel Boil to David
Boil of Halkfhiel, a Cadet of his own Family, his Great
grandfather being a Brpther of it,, whofe Grandchild David
BoH oi .Kelburn tv^s created Earl of Glafgow, Vilcount of
iKelburn, Lord Bod of Stewdrtoun, and carries quaaterly ift
and 4th, O, an Eagle difplay' d Gules, as a Coat of Aug
mentation, upon his Creation as Earl, being formerly the
Creft of his Family; 2d and 3d, Parted per BendCrenetk^
Argent and Gules, for the Sirname ot Boil in EnglanM,
as a Coat bf Affedion^ and 'over all an ImfcUt^heon Xir,
threeHartsHornsGules^i^t^atetnalC^oat oiBoiloi Kelburn,
Plate I, Fig. 16, ..

t: H A p.

127

CHAP. XI.
Of Religion.

RELIGION as I obferved; before,, has. given Rife to
many Armorial Figures, in the feveralCroifadeSy
holy Expeditions, for the Recovery of Jerufalem
and the Holy Land from the Sarazens, as Croffes of divers
Forms, Allerions, Martlets, Palms, Efcalops, Piles, (fxc.
which are fFequently bofn in Arms. But as. for entire Coats
quartered with others, merely upon account ot Religion, I
find but few Inftances, the Cuftom. of quartering many
Coats of Arms in one Shield, not being fb old as the Croi
fades. However, I have mentioned Religion, as one of .the
Caufes of Marfhalling, becaufe Churchmen are in ufe to
quarter the Enfigns ot their high Offices, as Patron Saints,
and other Holy Relids, upon account of Devotion, with
their own Arms, which Knights of Religious Orders alfo
were in ufe to do.
Befides, . I obferve, Kings have been in ufe to marfhal Arms
upon account of Religion, witli their: own, as the Kings of
Hungary, quartered with thofe oi, Hungary, Barree of fix
Pieces Argent and Gules ; thofe of Religion, viz. Argent, a
Crofs patriarchal Gules, fianding on a Mount of three Degrees
Smople;. which Croft, Stephen. King of Hungary received
from Pope Sylvefisr II. fer bringing his Subjeds in to the
GhriPianFafth,,, Smdferd:

J .

128 * V Of Religion. Chap. XL
^.^^ . . . ¦ , , . . I .„ . . . [ . I I . ^^ I ~i~i ' " ' ' ^'"* ' ^ ~ ,
Sandford, 1n his Hiftory pf England, tells us, that King
Richard II. having chofen King Edward the Confeffor for
his patron "Saint., impaled that holy Khig's 'Arriis, being,
Azur, a Crop flowrie between five Martlets. Or, in the firft
Place, with thefe.of his own in ,the fe'corid, being France
and England-^ qiiatterly. ^ See Plate stof" tftef * Arms bf
¦Britain. His Grandfather King Edward 111.' nia^e Choiceof feve
ral Patrons, as Afhmole tells us, the Holy Trinity, the Virgin'.
Mary, whofe Figure he and liis -Knights-Companions wore
on the right Shoulder, on their Habit, for fome Time. St.
George of Cappadocia a Martyr, his-^^ Enfign, Argent a Crofs
Guks, and 'St. Edward the Confeffor, fomitimes " King"'"^'
England, his Arms, as jnft now blazoned, under whofe Pro^
tedion himfelf, and ail the Knight-Companions, togethei"
wfth the Affairs ofthe Order, -might be defended, CPiifer-^
ved, and governed, as is" evident, fays- our Author,- by the'-
Charter of Founditibnof Windfor College, granted by thai-
King, and tffat the two- laftvvere his fpecial patron Saints,
whom he ftivoked in bis Cryfof War. Thomas' Walfinghaitf-
in his Hiffory of England, Page 159. tells, that at a Skir--
mifh near Calais in 134-9. King Edward feeing his Soldiers.
put to a Stand and like to be worfted, iri great Heat of
Anger drew his Sword,- and cried out. Ha St. EdWard-!
HflSf. George! which the Soldiers hearing, ran prefently'
to him, and gain'd the ^Vidory. St. George became the-
fole Patrpn ofthe Order of the Garter, and from him if '
was called, Ordo Dk}i San6ti -Georgii, and the Companions
E^«/?^j Georgiani, and that Saint's Pidure ori Horfeback?
with a Shield of 'Silver, charged "^ith a Crofs 'Gules, became
the Badge of that Order, and thefe Afms were advanced'
both by Land and Sea on the'Englifl} Standards.
King H««j Vill. ordained the Great Seal of that~Order
t-ohave an Efcutcheon, with the Armsot St. Gfojg? fmpaled
onthe right Side, wfth the quartered Arms of France and
-England, .

^^ 1 '7^.qgeia& ^

^. .,>X-,c, (3

•Kfr<^ Sc

GhapirXII. Of Arms af\general Conce]fton.\ 129
F^I^^id,: enfign'd with an Imperial Grown, and incircled
v^Jith the Criijrftfr j which Seal ofthe Order fo formed, con
tinued till the Reign of King, jf^w^f I. of Great-Britain,
vybo added to tl^e. Arms of France and England, thefe of
Scotland and- Ireland,,^ , ; i .
' It,sis to be-pbferved, that In marflialling of Arms, thefe
pf ReTigioii and of Patron Saints, take place before othe-r
Arms, and even thofe of .Domfnion.,

4—T

CHAP. XIL
of Arms of general Conceffi*
AR M S of Cdnceffion, are new ones, allowed orgi-arit-'.
ed' by Authority to be added to old Arms, upon
 1 fomei-emei-gent Meiit, and Adyaricement to Nobili
ty.: Which Conceffions or -Grants are either G^'^fra/br Spe^'
cial; -by General Conceffions vf Arms , I undef ftand thofe'
which the principal Herauld, is impoweredto grant, by
vertue ^f a general Claufe for that End, in many of the:
Patents of our Nobility, which ordinarily runs thus, or in
ftich, like Words, ¦Mandamus Leoni nofiro Arm&rum-, ut tale
addttamentum armarium, pr-iefentibus Infignds prtefati Domini,
¦^c.-'^ut.in talibMs...c-sfibm ufitmis det & pr.dfctibat-> .

13© Of AnHs ef general Cdf^tffion. Cbip» Xt^'
Arms again 6f fpecial.CohceffioH, afre {^arfeicWarly mfehtidhi
ed, or blazoned in Pateritsbr Grants of the Sovere^h, and
are pidhiarily of fome Part of the foVereign Enfigfti ot
Regalia, which cahnPt be all6w*ed' by the' prirtcipalHerauMi'
without a fpecial 'Vi/ar^ant frpm the. Spvere^n;,and<,beit¥
thefe' Arms of Gbriceffions arb commonly called, Cbail of
Atigtdentkiioh,. becaufe tliey augment the 'Bearing. - ';•
The Pradice of giving Arms by geweral Conceffibn, h
not fo-old as that of fpecial Conceffions, the firft named ha
ving only begun, as ibbferve, in the. Reign of King James.
VI. given to thofe who were advanced to, Degrees of Dig-
'nfty, whofe Lands from which-they had their TitleofXor^,,
Vifcount, Earl, (fyc. not being dignified Feus with Arms,
took Coats of Augmentation as beft.pleafed them, to fupply
the wantbf feudal ones. '., '^ ."v "' " ^ r '^
The fii-ft that.Xhave met^With^'s that ofth&E^ of Win-^.
tori, when Robert Lord Seton was created Earl of Winton,.
with all Solemnity and Ceremony at Holy-rood-houfe, the
loth oi. November y n5oi. he got a, Coat of Augmentation
fuitable to the Merit ofthe Family, te. for the Tft 1^ b?
Winton, Azur, a blazon Star of eight Paints, rvithin^ Joubld-;
Treffure flowered and countetflowered Or, (having ^^nt be
fore to the Treffure) with the Motto, Intaminatis fulget%
honor ibus, to fhew the conftant Loyalty, and heroick Ver-;:
tme of the Family. And as it is the firft Noble Family" in
our Kingdom, 33 I obferve, that carried a Co^t of > ge^^ei^'
Conceffion, fb I may fay, that Family, bias the HoamiiitonavB'
the ancienteft Coat 6f fpecial Conceffion, granted^ to' them by
King Robert I. for theft faithful and fingular Service perfoE-.
med to that Kiiig for the Freedom of their Country, beirig
aS&ord fuffming an Imperial Crown; of which after, and
in the Atchievment of the Family. ¦'•¦¦ . ¦
'fhe ne^iCoatof Augmentation that I meet -writhe* is fhait^:
©I the Lord Livingfton, when he was advanced tP the Dig-
nfty pf Earl of Linlithgow, foon after :,the. Earl of Wintjoj^
• "¦¦'A n " ¦ " toolj.

Chap. XII. Of Ai-ms of general Conceffion. 131
tPOk,i/fe»»j iiM Oak Tree within a Border Argent, charged
with eight Cinquefoils -Gules, which he placed over his quar
tered Arms, Livingfton and CaUendar by way of Surtout,
for the -Title of Linlithgow; of which befpre. Plate 4.
Fig.i, Six Alexander S&t&n, third Brbtfaer to Ko^m firft Eari of
Winton, being Pne cxf the Senators of tiie College of Juftice,
and after Prefident of that learned Bench, was made a Lord
of Parliament bytheTitfeof Lord UrqUhart, but afterward
took the Title of Lord Fivy, and upon the 4th of March
tSo^. was advanced tothe Dignity of Earl pf Dumfermling,
by King James Vi. arid was high Chancellor of Scotland, in
whidi Office be continued twenty Years, being a Nobleman
pf fingular Paits and Integrfty, took for a Coat of Augmen
tation, Argent, on a Fefs Guks, three Cinquefoils of the firft^
\Plate ^. FigJ 2.] 4vhich he Quartered after his paternal
Axmsoi ^Setm^ for the Title oi Dumfermling, as fome fay ;
but I think thbfe Arms of Augmentatrbn have been taken
from his Mbther Lady 3^frt« Hamilton, whofe paternal ones
were. Gules, three Cinquefoils within a dofible Treffure coun-
terfloweredArgent. This Family's lirieal Defcent being no w
failed, George Setdn<if Barns is next Heir-tUaleto the For
tune and Honom's of 'D«wf?r7«//?7^, who carries. Of, a Sword
Gules, fuppovting an Imperial Crown proper, betwixt ihree
Crefcents-, mithin'^a double Treffure counte-fflowered of the fe-
Cflnd, being lineally defcended from Sir John Seton, imme
diate ,younger Brother to Robert 'firft Earl of Winton, and
iKmiediate elder Brother to Sir Alexander Seton 'firff. Earl of
Dumferyiiling. Sir John was bred up in the Court of Spain,
and by King Philip of Spain was honoured with the Knight
hood of the Order of Calatrava, .and after he came home,
was by King Jdmes'Vl.- made one ofthe Gentlemen of .his
Majefty's Bedchamber, and got for his -Appanage froni -his
father George Lord Sfeten, the Lands bf Barns, for .y^'hich
tbe Family' of Bar^s has been in ufe to carry the 'Sword,
¦R 2 fuppming

132 of Arms of general Coticeffiom Ghap. XI1>;
fupporting cift Imperial Crown; as an additional- Figure. in tbd
Arms of Seton, becaufe, as Sir George Mackenzie: obferves
in his Science of Herauldry, the Lands of B.arns were, giveii
by King Robert the Bru^e- to Sir Alexander Sitok'of Setom
with that Bad'geof Honour y as in the Charter. .. ' .'
Ker, Marquis of Lothian^ when he. was created Earl"- of* -
j[Lof/bw« in the Year 1606. took for a Qoat of Augmen
tation, Azur, the, Sun in its. fplendour, proper, which is quar^
tered wftftthe paternal Coat of tkeFamiiy,; parted per Fefs
Gules and Verfy on a. Cheveron Argent between three Mafcles
in Chief Or, .'and an-. Unicorn's Head erafed in Bafe of tloe
third ; three Star s_ of the firfi. .P'late 4. Fig. 3.
Sir Thoiiias Hamilton of Byr.eSy a younger Son of the Fa-'
mily of Priefifietdy. defcended of Hamilton bi Inner week,
beirig Prefident, of the College of Juftice, Secretary of ,State,
and after Lord Regifter,,. was created a Lord of Parliament;
by the Tftle oi Lord Binning, November.. 19. i5ii. car^.,
tied, Gutes, on. a Cheveron Argent,^ betweenthree CinquefoilA'
Ermin, for Hamiltan ; a Buckle Azur.- between^ two MucheA
tours Sable,, for Hamilton of Innerweek^. all wit hid- ajBorder"
Or, (for his Mark pi^ Cidency) charged.-.with eight Thiftlesi
proper, by a Favour froouhe King. ¦ And ^: after, upon the'
30th of March i<Si9«- he Was created ;Earl -of M^/ro/^ by
Alexander Earl of Dumfermling,. the King's Commiftioner'
for the Time; for which, Title he. took for Coat of Augr!
mentation^, y^)g^»?, a Fefs. waved Mt'O^een three . Rofes (Sulesf
relative to his Title of Melrofe, vk?hich, he quartered in the
fecond and third Qiiarters after his.Paternali and are fo car-i
ried by his Succeffors, tho' hegot,.his Title, altered to thafc
oi Earl. of Haddington. Plate /\. Fig.. 20.
Vifcounts arid.Lpids of Parliament, have alfo heen in ufd
wfth us tp, add . Coats., of Augmeptatfoa to theft. paternaF
ones. ' , , ' ¦
Sir Alexander S^z^ fecond , Son of George Lord Setom
^?A9[> Winton, aij4 h^g Countefs, JUdyA;?«g,f%,DaughU ter-:

Ghap. XII. Of Arms of general Conceffion . 1,33
ter to Francis Earl of Errol, being created Vifcount of King-
fton, he quartered in the fecond and third Places with the
paternal Arms of. Seton, as a Coat of Augmentation, Atgent,
a Dragon Vert fp-juting out .FirCy being the Creft of tlie fa
mily of Winton. Plate '/^. Fig. 5.
DruminOnd \ifc6unt of Strathallan, upon his Creation,,
carried quarterly, ift and 4th Or, three Bars waved Gules,
fpr Drummond; 2d and 3d, Or, a Lion's Head erafed, with
in a .double Treffure counterftowered Gules, as a Coat of Aug-
riientation. Henry Erskin, fecond Son of John Earl of Mar, by his
fecond Wife Lady Mary Stewart Daughter of Efiny Duke
of Z^wwojc, when created Lord Cardrofs, carried quarterly,
ift. Gules, an Eagle difp.tay''dy looking to the Sun in the dexter
chief Point Or, as a Goat of Augmentation; 2d Qiiarter,.
quarterly ift and 4tb, Mar; 2d and -^d,. Erskin; 3d Qiiar-
ter as the 2d, and the 4th as the ift.~
AU Coats of Augmentation of this Kind thro! Europe,
give place' to the paternal Arms; which Order has been ob-.
ferved with us, except in thefe two- Inftances of the Earl of
Lothian and Lord Cardrofs's; Atehievments; but the Heirpfi
the laft, David Erskin Earl of Buchan, has placed the Coat _
of Augmentation fince more rightly in Surtout, for there is
no Reafon can be affigp'd for fuchCoats oi general Conceffion, ,
to preceed the Paternal, or other dignify'd. Feudal Arms^
Many of our Nobility whs havethe.fame. Right to carry
Coats of Augmentation* have never made ufe of them ; but
Afins of fpecial Conceffion being cpmppfed of the Figures of
the Royal Ams, and Regalia, have Precedency in Marfloal-.
ing, to. all pther forts of Ai'^s.; of, which in the fplfowing
ChipteJ:... ,.,.

€:HAP.,.

134

CHAP. XIII.
Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion.

ARMS of fpecial Conceffion, are thefe granted by
Princes and free Eftates, npt only to their Subjeds, ;
but alfo to Strangers, by a particular Grant or Patent,^
containing theBlazon ot theSovereigns ArmsjOr fuch like Coat,
made up of fome Part of the Figures of the Sovereign's
Enfigns, or Regalia, to be added tb the Receiver's own pro
per Arms.
Such Additaimnts of Honour have been very frequently
beftow'd with us, ^nd other Nations, on 'well deferving
-Perfons, both of the high aqd low Nobiifty, as alfo upon
Communities Ecclefiaftick arid Secular.
Sir John Fern tells us, in his forecfted Book, that when
Charlemaign ereded the fix Ecclefiaftick Peers of France, he
granted to them Arms oP the fame Tin&w^s and Figuresy
with the Royal Enfign of France, Which, tho' they have been
fo .carried, as I have fhown before, yet I doubt very much of
the Antiquity of them. And as ior fecular Communities,
there are feveral Inftances with other Nations, and with us
at home, which have been honoured with the Favour of
fuch Royal Badges, and I fhall here but give one Inftance :
The Town of Aberdeen got the double Treffure, a Part of
the Royal Bearing, added to their Arms, by the Order of
iCirig Robert xheBr me, fpr their Fidelity and Loyalty to hinv,
being

Chip. XIII. Of Arm of fpecial Conceffion. 135
beihg, G«/^rj three Towers embattled Argent, andimfoned
Sable, within a double Treffure of the fecond.
In this manner Sovereigns and free Eftates, have honour-^
ed and rewarded their Favourites and well deferring Sub
jeds, with a Part of their Arms, as Additaments of Ho
nour, of which I flia-U give fome Inftances.
Charles IV. Emperor of Germany, and King of Bohemia,
honoured his Chancellor Bartolus, the great Lawyer, wfth
a Conceffion to him and his Iffue, to carry the Royal Arms
of Bohemia, Or, a Lion with two Tails Gules, as Bartolus
tells himfelf, in his Treatife, De Infignia, thus; A Carolo
quartet clckiffima principe Rpraanoriim Imperatore, nee non
RegB BohemijE, mihi tunc Cancellario ejus, conceffum efi inter
catera, ut ego (^ omnes de Agnatione me a, Leonem rubeuiit
cum CaUitis duabvs m campo aureo portare.
>, There ai^ many ancient; Families in Germany, which
miarfhal wfth their other Bearings the Imperial Eagle, by
fpcciil Gonceffiprils frpm the Emperors; and in France, there-
are a cPrifidetable Number bf old Fariiilies which enjoy the
fame Favour;, for which fee Meneftrier and other French'
Heraulds. • ;:
The Dhkes" bf Savoy have made Cbnceffipns of feveral
Quarters of their Armorial Enfigns, to feveral Families, as
to the Hbufe of Viles of Ferrara, who carry quarterly, ift
and 4th, the wild Horfe of Sa'K, which belongs to. Savoy y
as his original Arms; 2d add 3d, the proper Arms of the
Houfe bf Viles, and over all, by way of ^Surtout, the Croft
of Savoy.
The Republick of Venice has made feveral Cprtceffions to
their own Subjeds, of their fymbolical Figure, the winged
Lion of St. Mark, the Armorial Figure of that Reptiblick,
as alfo to Strangers, as by that one granted by the Senate to
ReHe dt Voyer de P'aUliny, Courit!?^ Argenfon, the French
King's Ambaffador to that Republick, which are to be feeri
on the Mbnumerit ereded for him there, at St. Je^'s Church,
10 " ?¦:,

¦I $6 .Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. Chap., Xllk
as Meneftrier gives us, quarteriy, ift and 4th, Azur, two
Leopards Or, for .Voyer de Pauliny ; 2d and 3d, Argent, a
¦Fefs Sable, for the Houfe de Argenfon, arid, by way of Sur
tout, the Arms of the Republick, viz. Azur, a Lionfeim
lisiinged, and Diadematee Or, holding; a Book open,'with
thefe Words upon it. Pax tibi Marce, Tu Evangelifta mm
Other Potentates have been in ufe, to do the fame; Ho
nour, not only to their Subjeds, but. to Strangers. . The
.Kings of France have honoured feveral Scots. Families for
their Valour, with their Arms; as the, Stewarts of Lennox^
and the DouglaffeX, of which. ait^ryvards, andthe Kennedies,
Sir Hugh Kennedy of Ardiftinfiire,. who for his Valour
in the Wars of France, againft England, being under thp
Command of John^ Stewart Earl of Buchan, was honoured
by the King of France, with his Arms, viz. Azur, three
Flower-dedifes Or, which he and his Succeffors, marfhalled
in tlie firft Place with thefe of Kennedy; in the 2d, as the
Kennedies oi Bargeny defcended of Sir, H»^^3 and tneir De
fcendants the Kennedies of KirkhiH and Bennen. in the Shire
of Air. ... . . :,. ¦ ; :;, :-i
Selden tells us, in his Titles of Honour, that when Gu-
ftavm A.dolphiiS' King of Sweden, received the Inveftiture
of the Garter from Henry St. George Richmond Herauld^
and Peter Toung Gentleman-Uftier, at Darfau in Pruffia,
the 27th of Septmber 11527. he conferred the Honoiirjot
Knighthood upon, them, and by a partkular Grant in their
Patents, of Honour, allowed them to quarter, the Arms of
Sweden with their proper ones. > :j,.
Menefirier, in . his Treatife of Arms, in the Chapter of
Grants and Conceffions, gives us an Inftance of a Woman,
receiving a Coat df Augmentation, which' was when the Emr
peroT Charles W,pa(F\ng ftom Padua, to get him felf crown'd
at Ro;w, -with bis Emprefs, \\^io took .in her Train Jean
Bianchittie, the Widovv of a famous Lawyer; amongft other
Fawurs^the Emprefsgayp her a. Grant to carry in the Middle of

i5 »'!

Chap, XIII. Of Arms of fpecial Canceftton. 137
of her Arms, thefe of Lithuania^ in a Lofenge Shield,' viz.
Mules,..^a Chevalier armed in aU Points, on Horfeback, Argent,
branMfhing aSword,and on his left Arm a Shield Azur,charged
with a Crofs, with double Traverfes of the 2d, being a Part of
(the Eraprefs's Bearing, L fhe beihg a Daughter of the Kir^ of
Poland; and Duke of Lithuania': WhichGrant was confirn>
'ed by the Emperor, -i ¦ •' '-> "' ' - - '¦' ¦ ' r '''¦•- - • :. c ' '
Henry VIIL of 'England, honoured his Wives with addi-
tionakArms, of which afterwards; and of late, Charles II.
of Great-Britain granted a Coat of Augmentation to /4««^
Clargesy }^ if e'to' George Monk-Du^e oi'Albeinarle, Azur, a
Flower-de-lis Or, 'within a Border of^he lafi,' charged with
eight Rofes Gules, quartered in the firft place, with her Pater^
nal intlie fecond," being, Barry of twelve Pieces Argent and
Azur, on a Canton Sable, a Ram's Head couped Argent, with
four: Horns Or, as being defcended of the Family oi-Clarges
inHainault in Flanders. ' rj ^ . .
'Tis only fovereign Princes and -Republicks, that can make
fuch Conceffions of riieir publick Enfigns, in whole or in
.part; for thofe are: more facred than thefe of Subjeds,
wbicb :raay/ be more freely, affumed, and with lefs Authority,
upon the Accoiwtsbefore^mentiohedy by Md)'^w^^, Alliance,
Adbftion, (fyc. •-¦'"¦ ' ("''¦'• '-" t''' ¦ ' • '''¦-'
lam not here: treating of the firft Rife or Grants of /^r^j-,
as. Marks of Honour, which ¦ are faid in the Definition of
/Arms, fas before) to have been granted by JSoVereigns, fm-
¦ diftinguifliing Perfons' and. Families, as their ^r(5p^ ones-^ but
here I underftand them as Additaments of Honour, by fpe
cial Conceffions of, SovereignSj to their proper ones;- and
that thefe AdditamcntS'-^are either placed in one .Quarter with
the proper Arnis of Families, or- marflialled with themf ra
diftind Quarters, which laft Way is the proper Subjed of
this Chapter; but -fince anciently there has been, and ftill
continues a fiiequent" Pradice, of compofing fome one Part
or Qthex of. the ^. Royal Enfigns or Regalia,, with paternal
S Aniis-i

138 Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. Chap. XIIL
Arms, I fliall here infift a Ifttle bn them, wfth thfk prPper
Situation, wfth paternal Fig\ires Iri one Shield pr QjiartefS
before I proceed to giVe further Inftances of mai^lhalling
Arms of fpecial Comeffion with paternal ones. ¦
The Pieces or figures pf Sovereign Enfigns or Regalia,
claim a Precedency, and the nipft (honourable^ Place of the
Shield, or Quarter,before the paternal Figures,as. to be placed
in Chief, in a dexter Canton, and fbmetimes to adorn the
Atchievment as a Crefi, ot Supporter, if they be convenient
for that End. ,
Menefirier tells us, that it is the general Pradice of Eu
rope, to give the moft honourable Place of the 'Shfeld to
thofe Royal Figures, and that fome Princes ih their Concef
fions of them, exprefly ordain them to befo placed; as John
Kingot Art agon and Sicily, rewarding two Knights for their
good Services, abd to put a-particulat: Mark of Refped upori
them, allow'd them to carry the ArmorialFigures ot Arra-
gbn, Navarre and Sicily, on Coriditfon they fhould place
them on 'a Chief, above the Arms bf their Families, andthb'
they had a Chief btfore, they, behoved -to add another : And
this is the Reafon we fee foreign. Arms oft-times with two
Chiefs, of whichlflialf add here one Inftance. .
The Princes of Maffa, in Italy, of the Name of Ciho,
have their paternal Arms honbured with two Conceffions,
placed upon two Chiefs, the- pne fupporring the other ; the
one below containing the Arms of Genoa, for the fuccefsful
Negotiation of William Cibo, for that Republick, with Pope
QementVll. 1266. and abovejanother Chief, withthe Arms
of the Empire, w'^. the Eagle, granted by Maximilian the
Emperor, when he made Alberick Cibo a Prince of the Em
pire; whofe Blazon is thus ; Qyarterly, ift and 4th, Or,
a Bend chequee Argent and Azur, (the paternal Coat of
Cibo) a Chief Argent,' charged with a plain Crofs Gules, (the
Arms of Genoa) furmounted of a Chief of the Empire, Or, a
fd&uble-Eagk difplay' d Sable, on its Breaft a Scroll Fefs-ways Argent,

Gh?p, XIII. Of Anns of fpecial Conceffion. j^p.
Argent,' a^d on ft the Wordy Libertas; 2d Quarter, Azur,
an Eagle difpkfd Argent crowned Or, (for Efte) quartered
wfth Ferrary A^ur, three Flow/errde -lifes Or, wi^hm a Bor^
der indent e^d Or andC^ules; 3d Quarter y Coupee Or and Gu^es,
the BitaNiih ^ a Thorn Tree Sable, flowered Argent in pale,
(for the Family of Male fpme) over aU,by wayofSurtp'Ut,ona
Lozmgee Inefcutcheon Or, five Tqrteaux Gules, in Orle, fur,
mounted ef the ftxth, Azur, charged with three Fbw.er-de-
lifes Or ; as a Coat of Alliance with the Medicis, Dukes of
Tnfcasny. Plate 4. F%. 6.
The Dukes pf Tufcamy, the Medicis, placed the Arms of
F'TJince in Chief upon pne ©f their Torteaux above the reft j
and all the Eatroilies and Cities in France who carry Flower-
de^hfes' by Cpnceffipn, place. them in CJoief, or on a Chief.
And which Pradice is alfo in ufe in Britain, as by the Ex-
ampiies in this Treatife.
.Samlford, ia his before-mentioned Hiftory, tells us, That
Hemy Vip. of England, honoured the Arms of Ihomas
Maimers, whom he created Earl of Rutland, upon the ac
count he was defcended horn a Sifter of King Edward IV.
his Arms heiag, Or, tw&BariAzur, and a Chief Gules ; the
Chief was then formedj quarteriy Azur and Gules, on the
ift, twoFlamer-:de-rlifes Or; on the 2:d, a Lion paffant guar
dant Or; 3d as 2d, and. 4th as ift, whicli were the Armo-.
rial Figures of England.
There's UK) Part: <rf" the Imperial Enfign, - and even the Re
galia of Seotlandy but they have been granted by fpecial
CcHicelfions by. our Kings, to honour the Arms of fome of
the beft Families of the Kingdom ; and which have alfo been
granted to Strangers, as a Teltimony of our Kings Favour.
Ot all thefe Pieces of Hpnour, the double Trefture moft fre
quently has been, allowed to be carried, as a Badge, of a
Royal maternal Defcent, and of a fingular Merit, of which
r, fhall give here a few Inftances. S- 2 • Thomas

140 of- Arms of fpecial Conceffion. Chap. XIII*
Thomas Rdnd&lph, Earl oi Murray, Lord Anndndale and
Man, as a Nephew to King Robert the Bruce, by his Sifter,
was the firft of bis Family, who was allow'd to place the
double Treffure round his paternal Figuress the three Cufhions?:^
Gules, in a Field Or, as is evident by his Seals of Arms ap- .
pended to Charters. ''" '•
•Sir Alexander Seton of That-ilk, Son of Sir ^^Chriftopher
Seton, and Chriftian, Sifter tP King Robert the- Bruce, was
the firft of the Progenitors of the Noble Family of the Earls -
of Winton, and Lords Seton, who enconipaffed the three'l -
Crefcents, the paternal Figures of Seton, with the double
Treffure, counterflowered Gules, in a Field Or, upon the.ac-l
count of his Royal maternal -Defcent. There are many o-
ther Noble Families upon the fan-ie accPunt, who carry the
double Treffure-, on whom I canliPt infift here, nor on thbfe
who carry it, upon the account of Merit and .Favour of
our Kings: as Erskin Earl of Kello,~ -William- Duke of
Queensfjerry, and Scot of Thirlfton, ofwhoui before, the kff "
has a Warrant for carrying the double Trefjure, ior his Pre
deceffors Valour and Affiftance to 'K.ing,. Jaines V's Army^
wfth a Gompaoy of Spearmen, in defeating.the Englifh at
Fala-Rcad. ¦ •¦ - ,' : - - :.= .-,.:> : •-
The Arms of feveral Strangers have been honoured by-
our Kings with the double Treffure.
James y. Knighted and honoured one Nicol Combet a
Frenchman, with it ; as did King James Vh' Jacob Vaneiden
a Dutchman, and feveral others, as their Patents bearjn the
Chappel-RoUs in E«g/(3«^, titled, Diverft traSiatm amicitia-i.
rum tempore Jacobi Regis.
Sylvefter Petra San6ta, an Italian, in his Treatife of i4y;/?j,
fjpeaking ofthe double Ireffure, fays, Celebris eft duplar.is lim- -
bus, quem paralella Linea du<e, ac ftmul florentes defer ibunt in.
Teffera Regis Scotorum, and gives us the Arms of it Dutch
and Fr^OT^ Family, withthe Treffure. The

Chap." XIU. Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. 141
" The X/o«, the old Armorial Yigure of Scotland, has been
dllow'd to be carry'd by feveral Families of the Kingdom,
as a Sign of royal Favour. And in later Times by our
Great Men, by way bf Supporter or Creft, as that allow'd to
the Duke of Lauderdale. And thefame maybe faid of the
U«/cor», the Supporter of the Atchievment of Scor/^W, the
St. Andrew^s Croft, the Thiftle, Crown, Sword, and Sceftrs.,
theEnfigks and Regalia of the Kingdom, have been granted
by bur Sovereigns to their well-deferving Subjeds, and to
Strangers alfo, as Additaments of Honpur, not only by vyay
Compofing wfth their paternal Figures in ose Area, but alio
by vyay of different Areas, or. Quarters, marflialled with
their own, of which by and by. And for the firff Way,
by ccHiTpofing' in one Quarter, I fliall give for Inftance the
Airths- of Murray Earl of Annandale, Azury three Stars
Argent, with' a Crefcent in the Centre, all within a double
TreJfUre, flower'd and counterfiower'd Or; and for an Addfta-
mentbf Honour, a Canton ofthe 2d, charged isoith a Thifile
proper, enfign d with an Imperial Crown. And the fame
Thiftle, with the Crbwn, was grarited by King Charles II.
to Sir George Ogilvy oi Barfds, for his Fidelity in affifting
to preferve the Regalia of Scotland, inthe Uferpation^ of
Oliver Cromwel. And King James VI. when" he created
Richardfon an Englifhman, a Lord of Par
liament, by the Tftleof Lord Cramond in Scotland,, he ho
noured his Arms with the Additament of a Canton Azur,
charged With a St. Andrew's Croft Argent, the Enfign bf
Scotland. But to leave fuch Pieces joined in one Field wfth the pa
ternal ones, I fliall proceed to the Examples of thofe royal
Figures which make up iritire Qiiarters, by themfelves.
The ancieiitM Coat of Jpecial Conceffion which I meet
with in Manufcripts, and Books of Herauldry, is that me
morable one, viz. a Sword fttpporting an Imperial Crown,
granted by King Robert I. Wfth the Barony oi' Barns, to
•his

1-42 Of Arms af fpecial Conce^on. Gh3p. XI^
his Nephew Sir Alexander Seton of Setoriy fpr U$ own fin
gular Service in Scotland and Jreldnd, and, in Coa0der3JU(at]i
pf his Father's brave Adipns for the Freedom, of hisCbUri-
try, and his early Appearance fPr Kih^^Rpbext Xh^ Bruce,^
whom he had the good Fprtune to refcite, bkin^?i^ifo\W„
out of the Harids pf the Englijhy irj the Battle "at Methven-r.
Wood, a fliort Time after his Cpronation. In conflderatipri
of thefe Braveries, the forefaid Figures feem tP have beea
granted, and are now impaled with his other Qoat of Augroeni^
tation. Plate 4. Fig. 8.
To, perpetuate fuch another Deliverance of Kipg J^dw^xj
VL from the perriicious Attempts of John Rut.kvm Earlpf
GoWry, and his Brother Alexander Ruthven„ wfth tfjcir
Accomplices, on the 5th of Augufi i^qo, that King did
confer feveral Benefices and Favours on his timely Deliver
ers, Sir John Ramfay Sir Thomas Erskin, and Sir Hugh
Harris, who kill'd the chief Affaffines, and delivered the
King, who honoured them with Coats of fpecial Conceffion^
of the fame Figures almoft with thofe of Seton.
Sit John Ramfay of Weilycleugh in the Merfs, a Branch
pf the Family of Dalhoufy, carry'd for his paternal Arm^,
Argent, an Eagle difptay'd Sable, beaked and membred: Gules^.
and on his Breafi a Crefcent ofthe laft, for his BrptherlyDff-
ference; was honoured by King James VI. with the Title >
of Vifcount of H'addington, and with an Additament tp his?
Arms, viz. Azur, a dexter Hand holdup a Sword in pal/s.;
Argent, hilted and pomeled Or, piercing a Man's Heart Gules^
and with the Point fupparting an Imperial Crown proper y^
\:Plate 4. Fig. p.] whfth he impaled on the Right, with;
his Paternal on the Left; and after King Jamej VI. came to
the Crown of England, he was created there, Lord Baron of
Kingfton upon Thames, and Earl of Holdernefsj with that
fpecial Poft of Honour relative to his Coat of Augmcnta*-
tion, that upon the 5th of Aagufi annually, (which was the
pay appointed to be kept holy, for that King's happy Deli
very from the Hands of his Ene^iies, of late in defuetude)
' he

CJj^. XIIL Of Arms offpeCial Coneeffion. 145
he, and his Heirs-mafe, .for ever ffiodd bear the Sword of
State befo^re, that King and his Succeffors. This Earl mar
ried £//jSd^«sVi Daughter to Robert Earl oi.Suffex, and with
her had two Sons and a Daughter.
Sir Thomas ErskinyCldeA Son bf Sir John Erskin of Go-
gar^ immediate younger Brother to John Lord Erskin firft
Earl pf Mar, md R^ent of Scotland, in the Minorfty of
King James VI. he being one of the Deliverers of that
King, was alfo honoured with a Cpat of fpecial Conceffion,
viz. Gules, -an imperial Crown within a double Treffure coun
terflowered with Flo'doer-de-lifes Or, which he quartered in
the firft and fourth Place, wfth the paternal Coat of Erskin,
Argent, a pale Sable, \Phte 4. Fig. 10.] Sir Thomas, by
that king, was creat-ed Lord -Dirltpn, and after Vifcount of
Fenton, the 1 8th of March 1606. and then Earl of Kello-,
1 619. and upon King James's Acccffion to the Crown bf
England, he was made Captain bf fhe Englifh Guards,
Groom bf tbe Stole, and Knight of the Garter. From him
is lineally defcended the prefent Earl of Kello, who carries -
the above Arms, as |all the Defcendants fof his Family,
with fuitable Brifures, as Sir -Alexander Erskin of Camba,
Lion King of Arms.
The other Deliverer Six Hugh Harris of Caufiand, a Ca
det of the Lord Harris^ was alfo honour'd with another
Goat of Augmentation by King James VI. which he quar
tered in the firft and fourth Quarters with his paternal Armsy
thus; ift and 4th, Azur, a Hand in Armour iffuing from the
right Side, holding a Sword fupporting an Imperial Crown
proper; 2d and 3d, Argent, three Vrcheons Sable, and in the
Centre a Thiftle proper. Plate 4. Fig. 11.
To proceed to other Coats of fpecial Conceffibn, made of
Pieces of the Royal Enfign and RegaUa, beftow'd by our So
vereigns upon their Subjeds, a few of which follow.
Sandilands LordTorphichen, carries quarterly, ift and 4th,
Parted per Fefs Azur and Or, on the ift an Imperial Crown
fraper, and on the 2d a Thiftle Vert, as a Coat of Augmen-
't^itionj

r44 Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. Chap. XIIL'
tation; 2d and 3d, Grand Quarter, quarterly f* iff arid' 4ft]'
Argent',- a Bend Azur, the paternal-Bearing ofthe -Name of
Sandildnds; 2d and 3d, the Arms of Douglafs, as Arms of
Patronage, as fome will. Plate /f. Fig. 12. '"''-'' •'•''-
Sir Jaine.s Sandilands Bai'on of Sandilands and Wiftoun,
in the upper Ward 'pi CUdefdale, defcended of Sahdtlahds
of That-ilk, inthe Reigri of Kihg David the Bruce, married
Elearioi-a Bruc€y uterin Sifter-tb William -Earl of Douglafs y
who, upon the account of the faid Marriage, gave to the
faid Sir David the Barony of Weft-Calder, called Catdir
Comitis, upon which that Family ever fince have quartered
the Arms of Do«^/dj(x with their pwn, as Arms of Patron
age, and of which Family was Sir James Sandilands Lord
of St. John, Great Prior of the Knights of Rhodes in the
Kingdom of Scotland,, and as fuch he carried thejhiftleand
Crown, as the Badge of that high Office. He wasfenfby
the Parliament of 5i:'i9^/rf?/^ Ambaffador to Francis and Mary
King and Qiteen of France and Scotland. This Sir James
became Proteftant, and was created Lord Tarphichan ; which
Honour, for want of Heir-male of his Body,, fell by Inheri
tance to the Baron of Calder -his Coufiri, whofe Succeffors
enjoy the fame, with the Coat of Augmentation.
King Charles I. when he advanced Six John Hay pf Ne-
therlief, defcended of the Family of Errol, into high Places
and Dignities, as Clerk-Regifter, High Chancellor of Scot
land, Lord Hay of Kinfaunsy Vifcount of Duplin, and laftly
Earl of Kinnoul, 25 th of March 1633. honoured- him with
a Coat ot Augmentation, viz. Azur, an Unicorn falient
Argenty homed, mained, and unglcd Or, (the Supporter of
the Royal Atchievment) within a Border of the lafi, charged
with half Thiftles Vert, and half Rofes Gules, pined- together
¦?y waj if parti per pale ; being the Badge of Scotland and
England,, to reprefent the Union of thefe Kingdoms in the
Perfon of King James yi. which Coat of Augmentation
was quartered in the firft and fourth Quarters withthefe of
- . • <:' the'

Qiap. XIIL Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. 145
the paternal Coat of Hay, Argent, three Efcutcheons Gules,
unto which Honour and Arms Hay Vifcount of Duplin, by
Defcent and Tailie, has of late fucceeded, and carries the
fame Arms. Plate ^. Fig. 13.
K\ng Charles I. when he created General L^/TyEarlof
Leven, in the Year 1641. he honoured him alfo with a
Goat of Augmentatfon, viz. AzUr, a Thiftle enftgn'd with
an Imperial Crown Or, which is marfhalled in the firft, be
fore the paternal Coat of Lefly, Argent, on a Bend Azur,
three Buckles of the firft; which Arhis were fo carry -d by
4ais Grandchild Alexander Earl of Leven, who died without
Iffue, and are now carry'd by David Earl of Leven, Son of
the Earl of 'M^/iJ/w, and his Lady Catharine L^efly, Daugh
ter to the L/ord Balgony, elde^ Son of the firft Earl of
Leven. Plate -i^. Hg. 14.
John Keith, fecPnd Son to WilliamEarl Marfhal of Scot-
4dnd, and Lady Mary Erskin, Daughter to John Earl of
Mar, by Lady Mary Stewart, Sifter to Ludovick Duke of
Lennox and Richtnond, who for his Loyaly to Kirfg Charles
'IL and as being inftrumental in preferving 'the RegaUa out
of the Hands of the Englifh, was upon that Khig's Reftora-
tion created Earl of Kintore, Lord" Inverury, and made
Knight-Marfhal, ot Scotland, a^ was alfo honoured with
a Coat of fpecial Conceffion, viz.'-Gules, a Sceptre and Sword
.in Saltier, andin Chief an Imperial Crown Or, aU'within an
Orle of eight Thiftles ofthe laft, which is quartered in the
•firft 'p^ace befpre his paternal. Argent, a chief Pallee of fix.
Or and Gules. Plate 4. Fig. 15,
'Tis to be obferved then, that Arm's bf fpecial Conceffion
have Precedency of paternal Arms, when marfhalled with
>them, as well as the Pieces ot the Royal Enfign, when com
pofed with others in one Area, poffeffes the honourable and
chief Places, which is clear by the above Pradice, and 'by
^hat of England, in the following Examples,
1. T Richard

.146 Pf Arms of jpecial Conceffion. Chsp. ^XID.
kichardll. of England is the .firft King that^I have ob
ferved tp Jiave granted fuch' Arms of Augnientation.to, his
Subjeds, -as I topk notice pf before, added to his Imperial
Enfign the Arms ot Edward the Confeffor y upontbeaegpudt
of Religion, being, AzWy a Crofs fiprie between five' Martlets
Or y as in Plate 5. Fig. 4. Wiiieh Bearirig alfo he granted,
out of his ineie Grace (as (dmbden in his Retnains. tells us)
to Thomas Duke of Surry, with the Addition of a Border
Ermin, to impale with his proper Arms; and thefame aga%ir'
without the Border, to Thomas Moubray Duke pf Norfolk,
to be impaled on the right Side, with. his own on the
Le,ft. : ., . '.,,: i
This fame King, the Ninth Year of his Reign, grantedta
a Coat of fpecial Conceflljon to his Favourite Robert Vere
Earl of Oxford, Marquis of Dublin,, and Duke of. Ireland,^
that he flipuld bear with his own Arms^ during Lite, Azur,
three Imperial Crowns Cry within a Border Argent, as the
Vvfords of th^t Conceffion bears, given us by Sandford in his _
Genealogical Hiftory; Rex. conceffit , Roberto de Vere fd^
Marchioneje Dublin, quod ipfe quamdtu viveret& terrain! &
Dominium Hibernix hamerit; ger it Arma. de Aureo,. cum tri-
tus Coronis dy una circumferentia vel Bar dura de^Argento;
thefe he quartered in the firft place with his : Paternal, being.
Quarterly Gules atid Or, on the firfi a Mollet Argent, He,
was the firft that bare the Title of Marquis in England.; he
died, wfthout Iffue, and was fucceeded into the Fortune
and Honours of the Earldom of Oxford, by his Uncle An-
bery de Vere.
.King Henry VIIL of England was very liberal in beftow*
ing fuch Arms upon his Favourites, and efpecially to his
Wives. To his fecond one, AnnaBullen, before he married
her, to qualify her for his Bed, he advanced her to the Dig
nity of Marchionefs of Pembroke, and to honour her pater
nal Bearings, to be impaled with his Royal ones, he added
tp.them three noble Coats of Arms of the Families of the.
Royal:

%u-.

^/c^elV 3

" JQ a rcleiv- tf a. im

Chap. XIII. Of Arms of fpecial C^pncefft on. 147
Rpyaf Blood, and dignify'd Feus,, to wft, thefe ot Lancaftcr,
E^pfif me, and tlie Dutchy of Guy en, vi^h ich Were all form'd
with the Lions pajfant guardant, as. in the Imperial Stan
dard; thefe tlien were marfhalled iri the chief Plates before
her own in one Shield, as Sandford.
And his third Wife Jean Seymor Daughter, of Sir .John
Sleymor, whole Family he honoured with Arriis, compofed
of Figures ofthe Royal Enfign, and created her Brother
Edward Lord Beauchamp, and the Additariient of Honour
tp the Arms, Was, Or, on a Pile Gules, between ftx Flower^
de-lifes Azur in pale, three Lions paffant giiardant ofthe firft,
of England ; which was quartered by his Succeffors in the
iff and 4th Quarters before the paternal Arriis, Azur, two
Wings conjoined in I Mr e Or, as carried by the Family of
Seymor Dukes of Somerfet. ' Plate 4. Fig. 16.
His fixth fWih, Catharine' Parre, SiRer of IVilliam Mar
quis of Northampton, was honoured, and her Father's Fami
ly, with foch -anPther Coat of'Conce^on, viz.' Pirgent, on
a Pile Gules, betwixt fix Rofes of the laft, three Rofes of the
firft ; which were marfhafled in the, firft Place before the
paternal ones of Parre, viz.' Argent.., two Bars Azur within
a Border engrailed. ^dbff. ..
' r,Q^eenEUzabeth -was not fo liberal iri granting fuch Con-
ceflions.pff^e Royal Arrii^, or its Figures ; but on the con
trary, was difobliged with thofe who difplay'd them with
ttejr own, tho' having Right to them by maternal Defcent,
and agreeable >to the approveri l?ra(X^ce. of England, as
before, C^^p. 3. arid' efpecially , to the Defcendarits
of Henry VIL as, to Mary Queen pf Scotland, Great-grand
daughter to that King fby his eldeft Daughter, for fliewing
her maternal Defcent in her Arms ; and to Frances Brandon
Dutchefs of .Suffolk, alfo Grand-daughter of the liimeiCing
by his younger Daughter MaryV^idowoi Lewis Xll. : She
ail her Lifetime, durft, not, Ihevv her maternal Defcent, but
•^,her Death Qpeen "Elizabeth, to honour her, as ft U'ere,
. '""  ' ¦ "¦ T 2 'granted

148, Of Arms of fpecial Conceffion. Ghap. XIII.
granted A Goat of Augmentation to be ufed at the Solem
nity of her Funerals, as by her Order and Warrant dired to
the Heraulds, which I have fet down, as in Sandfordh Hi
ftory, Page 51.
From which we m,ay have thefe Obferves,^ That Arms of
fpecial Conceflipn' are thefe ofthe Sovereigtt, or Pieces of
them, whjth cannot be granted by Hpraulds Without a War-
rjint from the Sovereign. And idly. That fuch Arms take:
place before all other forts of Arms. And- -^dly, Heraulds
are tp record them in their Regifters, and to pafs them on-
sfll Solenmities, as by the following "Warrant.
Trufty and well beloved, we greet you weU, letting -you ta.
underftand, that for the good Zeal and Affection which we of
long have born to our dearly beloved Couftn the Lady Frances
late Dutchefs of Suffolk ; and efpecially for that fhe is lineally
defended from our Grandfather King Henry VIL as alfo- for-
other Caufes and Confiderations, ..us thereunto moving, Jnper^
petual Memory of, . thought fity requifite and- expedient, tQ-
grant and give unto her, and to her Pofierity, an Augmenta^^.^
tion of our Arms, ta be born with the Difference to the fame byi
us.q^gn'd, and thefame to bear in the firfl Quarter, andfo
to be placed with the Arms of her Anceftors, by the Orders cfj
0ur Office ismanifefi, according to the Efcutcheon by us direSteSi.
to you in that Behalf; that is to fay,, our Arms, within <^ Bor
der Gobony,Gold and Azur ; which fhaU be an apparent De- f
daration, of her Corifanguinity unto us : Whereupon we will and,
require you to fee, the fame entered into your Regifters and
Records, and at,, this Funeral to place the fame Augmentation^
with her Anceftors Arms, /« Banners, Bannerols, Lozengee^,,"
fi;^^ Efcutcheons, as otherwife, when it fhall be thought meet
and eonvenient, and this our Letter JhaU beyour fufficient War
rant and Difcharge, in this behalf. Given ,under our Signet of
eur Palace of V^ei\minRer, the ^d Day of December, 2dTear
ef our. Reign. Direlted to Sir Rpbert Detheck Knight, alias
' Garter J,

Chap. XIIL Of Afths of fpecial Conceffion. i4P«
Garter, our principal King of Arms, and to William Harvey
Efquire, alias Clarenceaux, and to either of them.
To put an End to this Chapter of Conceffions of Arms.i
of Augmentation by the Sovereigns, of their Arras, or Pie
ces ot Arinorial Bearirigs, belonging to them, I fhall addonly
thefe general Obferves out of Afhmole, in his Inftitution of
the Garter; That the Kings of England, as Sovereigns of
that Order, have been of late in ufeto grarit to the Knights of ,
that Order jpewz-Arms to quarter with their paternal ones, on
Banncrs,(which ought- to hang over their Stalls) left otherwife
they fhould feem too naked, as King James L of^Great'-
Britain was pleafedto do to Robert Car Vifcount of Roche—
fter, afterwards Earl of Somerfet, to whofe paternal Coat,
beingGules on aCheveron Argent, three Stars of the firft ; he .
firft added -a Lion pafiant guardant Or in the dexter chief Point,
as a fpecial Gift ot Favour, being one of the Uons of Eng
land, and then," fays" our Author, a new invented Coat to
be born quarterly, being,, quarterly Or and Gules.- He alfo
tells us. Chap. ii. Se6t. 7. Khig James graated tp SftT^o--
mas Erskin a .Coat of Augmentation to be quartered with^
his Paternal, when he was made a Knight of that Order.
But wfth Submiffion to that learned Author, that Coat of
Augmentation of Sir. Thomas Ershn- Earl oL Kello, W^s
granted long before upon another Account, which I have
fliPWfl before, than to fill up hi&Bannef when made a Knight .
of the Garter. The fame learned- Author tells us. Chap. 7.
Se^i. 2. That the Qiri^j?,. the principal Enfign of that Order,
1ms been given by way of ..Armory (but-without the Mottj)
in fuodry Bearings,., as in the Sealof Arms belonging to the-
O&ce of Garter principal King of Arms., where the Garter
(furrpunding a Crown,, of which before in the Chapter of
Offices) is. placed in.chief, between, pne of the Lions -^of Eng
land, and a Flower-de-lis of France. And to inftance Fami
lfes, fays he, we find. Argent, three demee -G'arters A^-ur,-
'.'"'' bucklsd .:

ijo Of Arms of pomimon.' Chap. XIV.

buckied and garnifhed Or, granted , by King Henry "VIL to his.
Servant Peter 'Narbon ; and. Sable, a Garter Or, between:
three Buckles ofthe fame, to be born by the Name of Bwj^-'
Imd-, or BoWland, in the Country of Northampton. --
Having given, I think, a fufficfent Npmber oi Irifiances of
Arms of fpecial Conceffion, to fhew their Nature^and Riglk,
of Precedency to others, as beipg, originally, the fpvereign'
ones, I fhall now proceed to fpeak to them as Arms of Do-,
m.inion,':\\fed by Sovereigns, a-nd not by Subjeds, , .

CHAP.

Arms of Dominion.

iRINCES and Great Men havirig Right to fevei-al
Kinds of Arms, of Defcent, Alliance, and pf TerritO'.
rieSy which they poflefs br pretended Right to, placed-
thtefe Arftis (befbre pe Cuftbm of MarftMing)' ^n^diflih^
Efcutcheons,' oi Whicn betorein the Fpurth Chapter, of CaU
lateral. Arms, of which I have given fpme Inftances. " "
It was the Grandeur and Vanity pf Kings arid Princes, ^"to-
exppfe and difplay the different Enfigus,of their feveral Da-
minions, that may be counted the firff Caufe of 'multiply
ing many Arms in one Shield., ,In imitafibn of which, the
leffer Feudatory Princes, and^eit Men, did thefame. '
~ '—¦ ¦-¦ -^ --- 'Of

pt.leW t

Ghap. XlV. ~0f Arms' of 'F)ominiohf'  / 15 1
Of thefe Kinds of Arms there are two Sorts^ Sovereign
ones- and Feudal ones; of the firft I fhall treat in this. Chap
ter, andpf the other in the ipllowing.
Arms of Dominion, ^re, thefe whicli belong to fovereign
Princes, and,, Commonwealths, by Right ot Sovereignty;
and thefe may be faid in a ftrid Senfe, not to be properiy
Arms, as I have before defined them, but rather Enfigns and
.Badges of publick Authority, and of a longer Antiquity;
ffor of pld^ the Perfian, Grecian, and Roman Monarchies,
have had fixed JSnfigps of their Sp vereign ties, as other Mo
narchs have fince ufed.
In carrying fuch Enfigns, there are three Specialfties to be
obferved, rifing from the different Ways, of attaining to So
vereignty, by Succeffion of Bloody Election, and Conqueft; of
which in order.
And Firft, If the Perfon who afcends the Throne by Le
gal Succeffion, be either a Sovereign or a Subject, defcended
of a private Family: If the firft, he juarfliajs his own fove-
. reign Enfigns, with the Arms of the Dominion he focce<^s to,
giving the firft Place tothe Armsofthe ancientefl Sovereign
ty, as w^as "done by Ferdinand III. Anno i2i7.,whp !was
.King ofXief«, in Right of his Father, and King of Caftile,
in Right of his Mother, as 'Rodericus San^tius aSpanifh Hi
ftorian fays, Ferdinandus ex Patre in :Regno Legonis, ex
Matre in CafteH^ regnavit, fueruntque in., ejus perfqna -regna
XJnita; which two Kingdoms being thus united in his Per
fon, he marlhalled their Arms. quarterly, ift and 4th, (iules,
a Cafile triple Tow^^sd and embattled Or, mafoned Sable, ior
the Kingdom of Caftile; 2d and 3d, Argent, a Lion ram-'
pant. Gules, armed Ori)fprrthe^Kii)^i^m^^i Leon, preferring
his maternal Kingdom in the firft Quarter, before that of .his
Father's, bec.aufe ,it,was the ancienteft Kingdpm. •» .
King James VL of Scotland fucceeding by his maternal
Defcent, to the Kingdom ot England, which two Kingdoms
being united in his Perfon, marihalled their Arms quarterly, giving

152 Of Arms pf Dominion. Chap. XIV.
,^I.MM.I. in — ¦ I I pi —^l^— ¦ ¦¦, ., ¦„*¦¦ »
giving Precedency to the Arms of Scotland, as the ancienteft
Sovereignty on'his Enfigns and Coins there, and after a Gon-
teft, thefe of England had the Precedency only in England.
li he who afcends the Throne by Succeflion, be of the -
Qvialfty of a Sufjjed, defcended of a private Family, he
then lays afide his own paternal Arms, and ufes only thefe
of the Dominion he fucceedsto.
As Robert the Bruce, when he, as firft Heir-male of Da
vid Earl ot Huntington, Brother to King William, fucceeded
to the Crown Pf Scotland, difufed his own paternal Bearing,
Or, a Saltier and chief Gules, and carried only the fovereign
Enfign of the Kingdom, Or, a Lion rampant Guks, armed
and langued Azur, within a double Treffure flowered and
counterflowered of the fecond ; which were fo carried by his
Son King David II. And his Grandfon Robert Stewart by
his Daughter Mdrjbry Bruce, when he fucceeded as Heir to
the Crown, laid afide alfo his paternal Arms, the Feft che
quee, and carried only thefe of the Kingdom, being the fe
cond Robert oi that Name King of Scotland, and firft of the
Sirname bf Stewart ^ and from him are lineally defcended
the Kings of Britain.
The fecond Way in attaining to Sovereignty which I have
-mentioned, by Election ; thefe who afcend the Throne that
"Way, retain their own proper Arms, and commonly place
them in an he fcutcheon,by way oiSurletout, over thofe ofthe
Dominions to which they are eleded, as the Eledive Empe
rors of Germany, and as the Kings of Poland have been' in
ufe to do, to fliew out of what Family they were -chofen :
And WilUajn Prince of Orange, placed his Arms over thefe
~ oi England and Scotland,-as an Eledive King, by way of
Surletout. ' ' - '
The third Way of afcending the Throne, is by Con'quefi:
It has been the ordinary Cuftom for Conquerors, to beat
down, and bury in Oblivion the Enfigns of the conquered
Dominfons, and in place of them, to fet up 'their own
Enfigns,

"Ghap. XIV. Of Arms>&fDothinion. 153
Enfigns, to fliew theft. -Right and Rower. The Count of
Barfolon, when he conquered the Kingdom of Arragon,
,puird down its Arnis, Argent, a Crofs Gules, canton d with
four Moors Heads proper; and ereded his own. Or, four
Pallets Gules. Arid brie pf his Succeffors, James King of
'Arragon, in fhe Year 1229. when he conquered thelflands
bf Majorca and" Minorca, ereded his Standard with the
Pallets, and haviiig, given thofe Iflarids, with the Title of
king, to his younger Son ; he placed over the Pallets a
Bendlet, the Brifure of a younger Son. , And when another
James King ot Arragon, conquered Sardinia, he gave for
Arms t-o that Dbminion, the old conquered Enfigns of Ar^
ragbn, with thefe Words for Devife, Trophaa Regni Arra-
gonum, to ftiew, when ConquerPr, he might give what
Enfigns' he pleafed.
TheFamily of vSay^^/^, being in Poffeffion of the King
dom pf Sicily, ereded their Arms, viz. Argent, an Eagle
difplay'd Sable, 'which ¦ continued the Enfign of Sicily, till
Charles of AnjoU, a Brother Pf France, conquered that
Kingdom with that of Naples, and beat down the forefaid
Arms of Swabia, and -fet up his own, Azur femee of
'Fbwer-de-lifes Or, with a Label of five Points Gules, for the
fovereign Enfigns of thofe Kingdoms, and the laft, Naples,
continues them ftfll; but the Arrdgons, having cut off the
French in Sicily, pull'd down the Arms of Anjou, and again
ereded their own as befpre blazoned, which after they quar
tered fer Saltier with thefe of Arragon, of which after
wards ; And for which Pradice of Coriquerbrsi fee Favin s
Theatre of Honour, and Jeu de Armories des Soveraigns.
But to return froni foreign Territbries, and come nearer
home, there's a large Field in South-Britain, for Inftances
of Depredations, Extirpatioris, arid Revolutions, as any
where, which have attended arid fubjeded the Inhabitants
to the different Armorial Enfigns of theft Conquerors and
pretenders, as witnefs the Hiftorians 'of that Cbuntry, John
¦ U " Speeds

154 ^f ^^'"^ ^ Dominion. Chap. XIV..
Speed, Sir JP'illiam Churchilf, in his Hiftory D/'t;/ Britannici,^
and many others, in whofe Hiftpries, as in thefe two men
tioned, are to be found many different Armorial Erifigns in,
Taliduce-plate, according' to the various Suhjedions the
Englifh have been under, I fhall only mention Three, andf
infift upon the Fourth, in a Detail or the Succeffion ot the
Kings of England, and their Arms, from William the Con
queror, in their Variations and Augmentatipns, to the Time-,
of King James, the, Yir^ pf Great-Britain, aqcotdiflg to
their beft Writers, and other Foreign ones.
I fhall pafs the fabulous Story of Brutus, who is faid, by
fome, to have poffeffed this Ifland, ftom him called Britain;,
and that he divided it-among his three Sons,, a Thoufand
Years before the Incarnation of Chrifi.. ,^ As alfo their En
figns, which are as uncertain as the Story, which were beat
down by the Romans, when they cpnqiiered the South Part-
of Britain, fmce called England, and let up their own Im
perial Eagle in their Place; but Times of leffer Antiquity,-
will give U5 fpme more Certainty of Imperial Enfigns.
Firfi then, when tlie South-Britains, were overcome by,
the Saxons, as fome reckon about the Year 475. of the In
carnation of our. Saviour, and polfefs'd the Country now
called England, the Saxons fet up their Enfigns, which were
by the moft learned Writers faid to be, Asiur, a Crofs formee
Or ; by fome, a Croft flowery, which is the fame, [Plate y.
Fig. I. as Speed, Churchill, Gerard Leigh, Guiliams, Tork,
Morgan, and other Englifh Heraulds. .
Secondly, The. Danes began to moleftthe Englifh-Saxans,
about the Year of God 787. and.to. take Poffelfipn in
England, at laft Swano, the Dane, conquered England; fo
that Four Danifh Kings fucceffively did reign. They beat
dpwn the Saxpn Enfign, and fet up theft own,, being, Or,
femee of Hearts three Leopards Gules, [Plate 5. Fig. 2.] as
Spencer 'x Opus Heraldicum, and Chamberland in his prefent
State of England, and the Learned German, and famous
^ ¦ Anti-

Chap. XIV- Of Ayms@f Doihinion. 155
AsAi^y Jacobus Imh^P in his Trearife, entitled, Blazo-
nfie Regmn Parimque magnd Brifania?, fays, Ex Danis au
tem orios Kegfis, iijdem itfigt}ibus ilia jam jaculo ufos effcy
quibus Daniae Reges hodie uti folent, viz. Leopardis tribus in
Arm Aurea, Rubris cor dibits fparfa, di^tvs -(Spencerus) Noti-
tia Angliae Author, cum aliis affirmari folent.
Thirdly, The, Dd«i/%) Kings being dethrpned, and the E«g-
lifh-Saxon Kings agajpreftored, with their Imperial Enfign,
as before, Azur, a Qpft formee Or, as Plate 5. Fig. i. with,
theAddftion of four Martlets Or, as the above-cited Cham
berland, Fig. 3. and were carried by King Edward the Con
feffor, with a Martlet in Bafty which made Five, as
jF^. 4. Plate 5. ' ,
After his Death, Horald,' the Sbn of the Earl bf Kei^t,
ufiirped the Crown,- his Arms were, as by the Engliflj,
Books, Argem, a Bar betwixt three Leopards Heads
Sakkx
. .WiUiam of Normandy invades England, defeats and kflls
Har^ldi and takes Poffeffion pf the Kingdom. Edgar Eth-
Ung, the lineal Heir-mafe, and Reprefenter of the Saxon-
Englifh Kings, wa^put by his ^iuft Right, he being the Son
of Efiward, the Son of King Edmund kdnfide, elder Brb-
ther of King Edward the Confeffor, was'the undoubted Heir
of the Crown of England, where in Safety he cbuld not
well ftay, -came to Scotland, with his two Sifters, Chrifiian
and Margaret: The laft was * married to Malcohn Canmore,
her Arms being the fame with Edward the Confeffor's,
[Plate 5. Fig.^.'] are to be feen on the Monaftery of Dw;/-
fermling, of which fhe was a Founder. Her Brother and
Sifter dying without iflue, fhe wast he only Heirefs of the
Saxon Bjice, and from her are defcended the Kings of
Britain. Let thefe then be a fufficient Number of Inftances, of the
great Revolutions and Conquefts of .England, (befides leffer
ones) and of their Enfigns.
V 2 In

156' of Arms of Dominion. Chap. XIV;'
— ., . . ^ . ^ — j ¦
In tbe Fourth •Periody in which the E^nglifh were obliged-
to receive the Arms of a Conqueror,' was about the Year'-
of God 1066* when WiUiam. VIL- Duke oi- Norm dndf, be
ing a Vidorious Conqueroir, oyer England, his Arms were
fet up, beingi Gules, two Leopards Or^ [Plate $. Fig. 5'.]
derived tb him from hii Progenitors, and upon the Conqueft*
were received as tlie Banner and Enfign ot England, accor
ding to all Hiftorians and Heraulds, Domeftiek and Foreign.^,
WiUiam II. fucceeded his<- Fathar in. the Kingdom of Eng
land, and had the fame Enfign and Standard ; and he again-
was fucceeded by his yburiger Brother Henry L in the King
dom of England, and Dukedom of Normandy, who carried'.
the fame Enfign. He married Maud, eldeft Daughter of
Malcolm CanmoreKing of -Scotland and his Q}aeen Margaret,
Siflerand Heir of Edgar Ethling, theRep^efentative of the
Englifh-Saxon Monarchs. By this Marriage the Saxon-
Englifh Blood \yas united, with the Norman, and in Tefti-
mony of it^ Y^mg Heiiry on his Seal, I mean his Sigiltmn
Imaginis, where he is reprefented in a Throne, holding in hi5
right Hand a Monde or Globe,' with a B»=^upon-it, being the
Martlet before-mentioned, in the Arms of the SaxonTiings's
and Sandford takes notice of it, faying it was a Token or
Emblem of -the Reftauration, in fome fort, of Edward the
Confeffor's' Kin' and Laws. ' ¦
Tfiis King furvived his Male-iffue, having only one Daugh^'
ter Maud, lianied after her Mbther, was married firfl to
Hfw)' Emperor of Germany , ior which fhe's' call'd Maud
the EwjDr^/}, tho' fhe had no Iffue to him. And 2 dly^ She
took for Husband -Geoffry Plantagenet Earl of -Af^ou; fhe
biu-e to him a SonFJenry, the King being folici tons to fecure
the Succeffion ofthe Crown to his Daughter and Graridfon^,
made all the Eftates of England fwear Fealty to them, as
thofe who were to" reign after him.' ''¦'¦¦ "¦¦'-¦ ¦ -¦¦>-'
Neverthelefs Stephe^i Earl of. Bologn, Son of the Earf of
'Bkysy by j^dila, William the Conquerors tiau^tery gbt the .

Ghap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 157
the Crown;- and. 'fis not likely that the Englifh would have
received him, contrary to their Oaths, unlefe the Law had
been for him ; for Henry the Son of Maud having the Titie
by a Woman, and Stephen thefame, affirmed himfelf to be
the firft in Succeflion, (Wilfiam the Conqueror's Male-iffue be
ing extind) becaufe he was again the fiift Male, tho' de^
fcended from a Woman, the Conqueror's Daughter; and tho'
Maud had been alive he ought ta have been preferr'd to
her, much more to her Son Henry. And as being the firft
Male, he ought to be preferred, being, conform to theCon-
ftitutions of feveral Natrons befides that of .England ; by
which we may difcover the unjuft Sentence of Edward I.
in preferring Baliol to the Bruce, who had the fa-me, if not
a better Right than Stephen, who was looked upon by the
Englifh as the lawful Heir and King of England, who car^
ried the above Royal Enfign, , with the two Leopards, and
ior aDivife, the: ^Sagittary, becaufe he afcended the Throne
at that Time, when the Sun entred into that coeleftial Sign;
and had for his Qiieen Matilda, Daughtei- of Euftach Earl
of Bologn and his Countefs Mary, fecond Daughter ofMal-
volm Canmore and his Qiieen Margaret, with the fame De
fign, to unite. the Saxon and Normand Blood together in
his Iffue, which failed before himfelf; fo that' Room wa-s
made for Henry, Son of Maud' the- Emprefs.
Henry II. Grandchild of f?m)y I.' Son of Geoffry -Planta
genet, Earl of Anjou, in the Reign of King Steven; his
Titles were, Henricus D«;«-Norriiannorum & Aquftanorum,
and when he fucceeded to ^/(rjjkw King oi England, Anno
1135. Henricus, D« Gratia Rex Anglorum, D/,<5e"Norman-
-nprum' &' Aquftariorum & Comes Andigavorum. His Ban
ner was, as his Predeceffors, with the Arms of N rmandy,
for the Enfign of England, as almoft all the Englifh -Writers
do affirm, except. Two, thit I have met with, of whom
afterward. He married Eleanor of Aquitain and Guyen,
the eldeft -Daughter and-Heft of WilUafn- the Fifth of that
¦ " " Name,

158 of Arms of Dominion. Chap. XIV.
Name, Ninth Duke oi Aquitain, hy Eleanor of Chafiekraut
his Wife; and upon account of that Marriage, he a(E|dedliis
Queen's Arms to his own, by way of Compofitfon^ as tl>e
Engliflj tell us.
Sir John Fern, one of the Learn'deft in his Time, in the
Reign of Queen Elizabeth, in his Book, erititled, Ihe Glory
of Generofity, Page 218. fays thus, (his own Words.) The
Efcutcheon of Normandy was advanced, as the Enfign of our
Englifli Kings, by William the Conqueror, William Rufus,
Henry I. and Henry TL the lafi having married Eleanor
Heirefs of Aquitain, whofe Arms were. Gules, a Leopard
Or, which being of the fame Field, Metal and Form, with
his own, as Fig. 6. Plate 5. joinedthem together in one Shield^.,
and compofed the prefent Blazon for -England, - viz. Gules,
three Leopards Qr, as Fig. 7. Plate 5. And in another
Place, the fame Author adds, Thefe two Coats, viz. Aqui*-
tain and Normandy, were joined in ane, and by theta ihe
Addition of the Inheritance of Efeanor Heirefs of Aquitaifl^
to our Englifh Crown, and therefore are barn as a Quadrate
Royal by our Sovereign Lady Queen Elizabeth. The fame,
fays Guilliams, Chamberldnd, and others. And thefe Arms
fo compofed, were placed on his Funeral Monument, where
he lies interred, inthe Abbay -of Fontewrad in Anjou, and
adorn'd with other Shields of Arms, as thefe of the Saxon
Race, upon the aceoufit that in him the Saxon Blood was
reftored by his Grandfather's Marriage, as before. The
' Strudure of which Monument is given to us in Sandfard's
Genealogical Hiftory, Page 64. This King had Five Sons,
William and He'«)'y, ^ who died before himfelf j Richard, wh&
/fucceeded him ; the fourth Son, Geoffry Duke of Britain^
and Earl of Richmond, Whofe Son was cut off by his Uncle;
John, the 5th Spn, who became King of England."^
Richard, third Son of Henry II. was Earl pf Poiifours,
during his Father's Reign, and after his Death was.^King,of
England, by the Name of Richard I. He was in the Wars in

— r"'-^ — ^¦^  -^^  • — ¦"""-'- ¦' " 1.. I.., ¦  _^
Chap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 15^
in the Holy Land ; An excellent Prince. In his Return
home was taken Prifoner by Leopold Duke of Aufiria, who
unworthily fold him to the Emperor for 6000 Merks, and
he again as unworthily took 100000 Pound. This King,
as his Father, carried tor his Royal Enfign, Gules, three Leo
pards Or, and the fame on his Seal of Arms, which Sand
ford gives, on the one Side he is inthronized with a Crown
on his Head, heightned with Flowers, holding in his right
Hand a Sword erected, and in his Left a Monde toped with
a Crofs patee, with this Circumfcriptron round his Effigies,
Ricardus Dei Gratia Rex Anglorum.. On the other Side, he
is reprefented in his Coat of Mail, on Horfeback, and his
Helmet adorned with PlantaGenifia, J. e. a Stalk of Broom,
relative to his Sirname,. being the fecond King of the Plan
tagenet;. on his left Arm was a. Shield charged with three
Leopards, with this Circumfcription round, Ricardus Dux
Normannorum ^ Aquitanorum, (^ Comes Andigavorum.
He's faid to be the firft King of England, that took the
Motto, Dieu dr mon droit, upon a great Vidory he obtained
over the French at the Battle of Gyfors, by his faying. Not
we, but God, and our Right, has got the Victory. Thefe,
I thftik, are fufficient Documents of the Origin of the Arms
©f England.
" But before I proceed further, I muft here infift a little
upon the Opinions of fome late Englifh Writej-s, who will
have the three Leopards not to be originally from Norman
dy, but firft affumed by Henry II. or by Richard I. and that
their Predeceffors had no Amis before; they not fixing
upon which of thefe two Kings to place: their Rife and firft
VFe in England, tho' thefe Arms be of the fame Tinctures,
Form, Pofition and Situation, and., nothing different in any
Gircumftance from thofe of Normandy and Aquitain; nei
ther will they allow them to be blazoned Leopards, but
Lions paffant guardant, uponthe account that the Leopards
olNotmandy and Aquitain, are now thought derogatory to:

i5o Of Arms of Dominion. "Ghap. "XIV.
to the Royalty ot England, as not being originally Enfigns
of Kingdoms.
Thefe Opinions were raifed firft, if f be not miftaken,
upon King James Vl's Acceffion to the Throne of England,
when there were feveral Confiderations and Confultations
taken, about the Honours and Precedency of his Kingdoms
of Scotland and England-; and efpecially in marflialling
their Armorial Enfigns, the Difficulty > arifing from the Ar
morial Figures, being originally thefe of the Dukedoms of
Normandf and Aquitain, wliich, as fuch, gave place to the
Flower-de-lifes of -France, as belonging- to a Kingdom. Upon
the fame Reafon, the Scots claimed alfo Precedency for their
Royal Armorial Figure, the Lion rampant. The Englifh
being put to a Stand, were neceffitated to affert, that the
Figures they .carry'd for England, were not thefe of Nor
mandy and Aquitain, tho' as like as one Egg to another,*
but new ones affumed by their Kings fince the Conqueft.
To make this appear, ^theft principal Herauld William Segar
Garter, King at Arms, was employ'd ; and how well he
performed, any Herauld or Hiftorian may judge by his
Manufcript, which he gave in to King James, entitled. The
Variation of the Arms and Badges of the Kingdom of Eng
land, from the Time of Brutus, looo Tears before the Incar
nation -of Chrift, tiU 1 600 Hears after his Incarnation, 1 604.
Which Manufcript was cnrioufly writ, and finely illuminate,
being either the , principal one, or a Copy of it, was ferit
down to our Herauld-Oifice jn Scotland.; which being a-
mong the Books of Sir James Balfour Lion King at Arms,
and. with others, fell into- the Hands of Sft Robert Sibbald
M. D. from whom I had it, and took my Obferves, of
which I fliall give a fliort Account, with the Preface^
• which is as follows.

T®

¦ ¦ ¦ " ¦ ¦ — ¦ ""¦ ' ¦--...¦
Chap. XIV. Of Artns of Dominion. i^i

To the King's moft Exeellent Majiefty.
T[yf Ofi Gracious Lord, and my Dread Sovereign, it pleafed
•lyj^ yaur Majefiy, at the Time when I was firft prefented
(by the Lords) unto your Princely View, to demand of me
fame Quefiions, touching the Coat of Arms of England,' wherein
I was then invefted ; In which Difcourfe, I conceived, that
"^your Majefty's Opinion was. That England had no certain
Arms belonging to it ; That no Nation in the World have
more changed their Arms than theEngXi&i have done, by Rea
fon of their fundry Invafions and Conquefts, that have been
made by Romans, Saxonsy Danes, and Normans : Tet,
fince Henry IIV Lime, who' left the Norman Leopards, and
took the Englifh Lfons, the Anns ojf England have been moft
conftant, and qudrtered after, by Edward IIL in Right of
Claimy I have endeavoured to fhew the Variations, which
partly by- approved Authors, and partly by Tradition, have been
delivered unto us. AU whichy with humbly proftrating my
felf at yoifr Mdjefifs Feet, I humbly prefent, craving yoiir
Meyifty^i moft gracious Acceptance.
Your Majefty's moft humble Servant,
W I L L. S E G A R Garter, Herauld,

Tho' hepromffes in his Preface to give approved Au-
'fchbrsfor what he fays, yet he names no Author in alf that
Manufcript, and begins with the imaginary Story of Brutus
Monarch of Britain, and of his Divifion of it, unto his three
Sons i to his eldeft, Focheren, he gave that Part now called
Bnglandy with Arms, Or, a Lion paffant, guardant Gules.
To his fecond Son Toalknaek, he gave the North Part,
-X Albania,

162 ' Of Arms of Dominion. ' Chap. XiV^
Albania, now Scotland, with Arms, Or, a Lion rampafit -
Gules, which, to this Day, fays he, wfth the Royal Addi
tament of the double Treffure, continue the Arms of Scot-'
land. And to his third Son, he. gave, that Part of Britain _
called Cumbria, with Arms, Argent, three Lions paffant^
guardant Gules, which the Princes of JVales ufed/or a long"
Time. And he goes on wfth a Succeffion of thefe Arms,
wfthout nariiing bne Voucher ; and when he comes to the
Saxon, Danifh, and Norman: Kings, he gives fuch an Ac
count as is given before, until he come to Henry IL then he
fays, (his own Words) He being the Son of Maud the Em-
pr'eft and of Geoffry Plantagenet Earl of Anjou, took for
Arms, Gules three Lions paffant guardant Or, becaufe in
Henry I. the Line-mafculine ended, and therefore they are
miich deceived who fay, that the Kings of Erigland bear
three Leopards, two for the Dukedom of Normandy, and
one for Aquitain.
'Tis ftrarige this Author gives no Reafon to undeceive his
own Countrymen, and others, nor to mention any Caufe or
Ground for changing thefe Leopards, into Uons paffant guar
dant, nor to make a Diftindion betwixt Leopards, and Lio«/
paffant guardant, for in Herauldry thereis none ; for a Lioh
paffant and full-fac'd, and fhewing both his. Eyes, (which
the Englifh call Guardant) is called a Leopard by the French,
and all other Nations, and thereis no Appearance of Alter
ation of the Field, Pofition and Tinctures of the Leopards
of Normandy and Aquitain, from the Arms of England,
as now blazoned. Lions paffant guardant, but in the Terms
of Blazon, which are all one, in the Science of Herauldry,
and Art offBhzon; ior when a Xw« is on his four Feet
fliewing a fuH Face, he's call'd a Leopard, and when Hiew-
ing but the Half bf his Face and only one Eye, he is then
called Leopard-Lionee ; Leopard, becaufe not ereded on his
hiridei: Feet, which is the proper Pofition pf a Lion in Ar-:
mbries; Lion^e, becaufe his Head is in profile, Ihewitig but
' ^ ¦' the

Chap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 1 53
the Half of his Face, which all Lions properly dp, beirig
'ereded on their hinder Feet, and their Head in profile ; but
'if ereded and full-fac'd, he's caUed a Lion-Leopdrdee, his
•Head being after the Pofition of that of a Leopard, but
his Body after the Pofition of that of a Lion. 'Tis not the
natural Spots of a Leopard which diftinguiflies it from a
Lion, but its Pofition, as above, in the Shield : Thofe bf
England have^^ not only been called by the old Engliflj He
raulds Leopards, but eyen'by Englifh Hiftorians, as Mr.
Howely in 'his Hiftory oi England, and John Stow, in his
large Survey of London, Page /^2. both tell. That Anno
1235. Frederick the Emperor fent to Henry III. in England,
in Complement, three live Leopards, in token of his Regal
Shield of Arms, wherein three Leopards were pidured, arid
"tell us, that in the Regifter of London there's an Order of
King Edward II. to the Sheriff, to pay to the Keepers bf
the King's Leopards, in the Tower of London, Sixpence
each Day for the Suftenance of the Leof^rds.
Tlhall not infift upon a long Numeration of Engli/h He
raulds, for blazoning the'Pigufes of England, Leopards, nor
of the Frenchy and thbfe who write iri Latin, as Philobertus
Munetius, tVredius, and others, Latinire ^em Leopardos ; arid
the modern Herauld and learned Antiquary Jacob Imhoff,
in his above-mentioned Book, calls thern Leopardos Angli-
cdnos. 'Tis true, for the Majefty of England, fome Englifh
Writers fay, they fhould be called Lions paffant guardant :
Upon which account, I have before, and fhall after blaz6n
them fo.
Some of late tell us, that the Kings of England had no
fixed Arms till Richard 1. cariie from the Holy Landy arid
carry'd. Gules, three Liens pafjant, guardant Or, andthat
he was the firft who carry'd them on his Sealof Arms. It's
true, he was the firft King of the Norman Race that had
them fo expofed, and his Predeceffors are fuppofed to have
carried them alfo, "^bn the Eque;ftrian Side of theft Seals,
X 2 haying

I (54 Of Arms of Dominion. Chap. XIV.
having, on their left Arms formal Shields caft back, fo that
the inner-fide of the Shfeld was only feen. Which "was .a
Fafhion in thefe Times, as 1 obferved before, in the'firtt--
Chapter ot this Ej/fl}' : From which it canript be concluded,
that the Princes of Europe had no Arms, 'becaufe they could ,
not be feen upon the outer-fide, of the Shield, being caft
back by the left Aim; far lefs can itjbe, .concluded, that
they had no fix'd Armorial Figures on their Erifigns" and
Standards: For, asl have fhpwn beforein the ;fir ft Chapter,
tbat the firft Vfe of Armor iat Enfigns is not to be fought after
on Seals and Tombs. But to return tP the 'Succeffipn of the
Kings of England, their Arms and Augmentations, with Arms .
of Dominions.
John, fifth Son of Henry II. and his Queen Eleanor, in
hisBrother King K/'cW^s Life, on his Seal ot Arms, he is
reprefented on Horfeback, with a Sword in his right Hand,
and on his left Arm a Shield, upon which were two Lions
paffant guardant, evidently apparent, fays Sandford, which
he has feen appended to Grants, wherein he, is Hiled, Comes
Moritani^ : Which two Lions paffant guardant, were cer
tainly thofe of Normandy, and could not then addthe Third,
of Aquitain, as not reprefepting his Mother, till after the
Death of his Brother King Richard, who died without Iffde,
then he carried on his Seal of Arms, whenTCing of England,
Duke , of Normandy and Aquitain, an Efcutcheon, 'charged
ivith three Lions paffant .guardant.
Henry III: upon the Death of his FatherKitfg John, was
crowned King of England the 2 8th of October 1216. His .
Seal of Arms was, as his Predeceffors, enthronifed upori one
Side, and on the other Side reprefented on Horfeback; bn
his left Arm a Shield charged, with three Lions paffant 'guar
dant ; but in this he was fingular, in having aCrown placed
upon his Helmet on his Head, being the Firft of the Race .
o(.the Kings of England that yvere fo reprefented with a
Crown

Chap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. i^i
Crown on Horfeback;theLegend round his Seal was, Henri
cus Dei Gratia, Rex Angliae,DominusHihernix^Aquitanix.
Edward, the eldeft Son of King Hemy III. during his Fa
ther's Reign, carried the Arms of England, with a .Label of
three Points, „and on Shields where the Field was large, a
Label of five Points, for his Difference, as by his Seal of
Arms appended to Writs, in which he is ftiled, Edwardus
illuflris Hegis Anghx primogenitus : He was the firft Son of the
-Rc^al Family of England that carried fuch a Difference, as
a Label cf three Points, and of five Points : The different
Number of Points lets us fee the Miftake of fome Heraulds,
who write, that a Label of thee Points is the proper Diffe
rence for an elder Son and Heir, when the Father is alive, ,
one Point repiefenting the Father, the other the Mother, to
be alive, and the third himfelf; and when the Grandfather'
and Grandmother are alive, the Label then fhould have,
five Paints. But here. Prince Edward had neither Grand
father nor -Grandmother alive, and yet he carried a Label.
of five Points on his Seal of Arms, which that learned.
Gentleman, Sandford, gives us appended to Evidents, of
the Date 1 2 67. where, on the one fide he is reprefented
on Horfeback, in his Coat of. Mail, and Surcoat oi. Arms,
with a Sword in his right 'Harid, and a Shield on his Left,
charged with the fhr^e Lions of England, and differenced
-by a Label of three Points ; and upon the Reverfe, or other
'fide of the ^Seal, a large triangular Shield, charged with
the fame three Lions ot England, and with a Label of five
Points. And this fame Pradice, of fometimes having a.
Label of three -Points, and fometimes of Five, continued.'
wfth his Son and Grandfon, Edwards II. and III. when
their Fathers were alive, and not their Grandfathers and
Grandmothers. Edward Was in the Wars of Palefiine when his Father
Hemy died, 1372. and returned 1274. and was crowned
King, at Wefimtnfter, the i^th of -Augufi, wfth hisQyeen Eleanor .

1 66 Of Arms of Dominion. Chap. XIV.
Eleanor, Sifter to the then King of Spain. , He being King,
carried Arms as his Father, wfth a new Pradice, of having
the Arms of England imbroidered.on the. Caparifons of his'
" Horfe, and was the Firft that brought in that Pradice into
England. He married for his fecond Wife Margaret, Sifter
to Philip IV. firnamed the Fair, King of France : The
Arms of both his Queens, I have given before in the Fifth
Chapter of this Effay. His eldeft Son Edward, by his firfl
Queen, was firnamed Carnarven, from the Place of his
Birth in Wales; he, in his Father's Lffetime, ufed for Diffe
rence upon his Efcutcheon of Arms, on the Equeftrian Side
of his Seal, a Label of three Points, and upon the Reverfe,
where there was a large Efcutcheon, a Label of five Points,
and was ftiled, Edwardus iltufiris Regis Anglix Filius, Prin-*
ceps Walli^e, Comes Ceftriae, Ponlivi & -Montis Trolfi.
Edward, firnamed Carnarven, fucceeded his Father intis
the Kingdom, by the Name of Edward II. he carried the
Royal Arms on his Seal, as his Father and Grandfather, arid
had them embroidered on his Surcoat, and Caparifons oi his
Horfe, and at the Sides of his Throne were two little Caftles,
to fhew his maternal Defcent from Caftile. He married
Ifabel Daughter to Philip IV. firnamed Le Bell, King of
France. She, upon one of her Seals, had her Arms Semee
of Flower-de-lifes, dimidiate with thofe of her Husband
King Edward IL and on another of her Seals, fhe had her
Effigies placed betwixt two Efcutcheons, that on her right
Hand containingthe Arms of England, and the other on the
Left, the Arms of France, impaled with thofe of Navarre,
upon the account her Mother was the Daughter and Heft
of Henry I. King of Navarre.
She bare to her Husband, Edward III. King of England,
and John of Eltham, fo named from the King's Mannour
Place in Kent, where he was born, and was Earl of Corn-,
wal, who carried the Arms of England within a Border- of
France, that is, Azur, Semee of Flower-de-lifes, 'Jean^ their

Chap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 16,7
their eldeft Daughter, was married to David, Prince of
Scotland, Sori and Heir to King Robert the Bruce, on the
i^th of July, the 3d Year of the Reign of E^ty W III. being
the Yearot God 1329. She died wfthout Iflue in the 3 2d
of Edward Ill's Reign, Anno 1357. and was buried in the
church of Gray-Friarsin London, and her Effigies was put
in a Niche on the North-fide of the Tomb ot Queen Phi-
lippa, her Sifter-in-law, in Weftminfter Abbay, under which
was an Efcutcheon of Alabafter, and upon it was carved and
painted the Arms of Scotland, the Lion within a double
¦ Treffure, impaled with thofe of England on the Left.
'-'- Edward III. had Variety of Seals of Arms, to fhew his
paternal and maternal Defcent, and at laft his Right and
Pfetcnfions to France, which became, a fixed Enfign to his,
Succeffors KXn.gs ek England. He was crowned on the iff
of February 13271 On his firft Seal of Arras he's placed
ina Throne between two Flower-de-lifes, to fliew his ma
ternal Defcent from France, as his Father did before,placing
two Caftles, to fhew his Defcent from Caftile; his fecond.
Royal Seal, which he ufed, had the Arms of England
quartered in the firft Place, vvith thofe of France in the fe
cond, Semee of Fkwer-de-lifts Or, as a Coat of Alliance, of
Which before. Plate S- Fig. 8.
~ In the 14th Year of his Reign, not being content to hold
forth his Alliance to France, but to fliew his Right to that
Grown, placed the Arms ©f France, as Arms of Dominioni
before thofe of England, [Plate y. Fig.' 8.] being agree
able to the Pradice of other Nations, as obferved before in
Spain, That the Nobleft and Ancienteft Dominion have the
Precedency in Marjhalling with others; and fo formed his
itew Seal of Arms: The old Great Seal of England, with
England and France quarteriy, was ordered to be kept in
the Wardrobe, and that the new Great Seal might be made
iihore publick, he caufed Impreffions thereof, and o^his
Privy-Seal, to be made, and fent to all the Sheriffs of Ezjg/fiwi;
- " ' he.

158 Of Arms of Dominion. Chap. XlV.
he alfo wrote a Letter, dated thus : The Bth of February,
inthe firfi Tear of his Reign ov,er France, and Fourteenth over
England, to the PrelateSy Peers, and Conmons of France ;
thereby fignftying, that Charles late. King of France, his
Mother's Brother, being dead, that Kingdom was falleh to
him by Law, and that Philip de Valois, Son to the Uncle
of the faid King, had by Force, in his Minority, intruded
into that Kingdoni, and detained it ; left therefore he fhould
feem to negled his own Right, he thought good to own the
Title of France, and to take on him the- Defence and Go
vernment thereof.
I ihall here defcribe his Seal of Arms: Upon the one Side
he's reprefented fitting in a ^ Throne, with an open Crown
on his Head, (for clofs Crowns wee not tiien ufed by Kings)
height-ned with Figures like Trefoil Leaves, holding in his
right Hand a Sceptre, and in his Left a Monde crofted, and en
fign'd with a Crofs formee, 'and at the fides of the Throne
were Shields, with the Arms of France and England quar
terly. Upon the Reverfe, or other fide of the Seal, he's
again reprefented on Horfeback, in his Coat of Mail and
Surcoat, with a Helmet on his Head, and upon it a Chapeati,,
or Cap of State turned up Ermin, whereupon ftood a Lipn^
paffant guardant, and crowned with an open Crown, which
became afterward the Creft pf the Imperial Atchievment of
England, and he was the firft King of England who ufed a
Creft on his Seal of Arms.
By his right Hand he held a Sword, and by his Left a
Shield, with the Arms of Francey Azur, femee Flower-de-lifes,
and England, as before, quarterly ; which Blazon, was em
broidered upon his Surcoat, and Caparifons pf his Horfe ;
and round both the fides of the Seal were thefe Titles,
Edwardus Dei Gratia Rex . Franeia: (^ Angliae, Dominm
Hibernis ; which Seal Mr. Speed and Sandford give us cut
in their Hiftories* King ,

CEap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 169
Kirig E^cy^r^ IIL married PM/))/?^, fecond Daughter of
Wjlliojn Earl'pf Fiaihault,' in the Year 1327. fhe had to
King Edward a numerous Iffue, of whom f I cannot infift
here, 'riio' the: Engliflj were at that Time nicely known in
Armories, efpecially in differencing the numerous Iffue bf
the Royal Family, and the Pradice in marflialling many
Coats in one Shield, was firft begun by that King, and in
Imitation ot him, not only his numerous Iffue, but alfo bis
Subjeds, did improve the Pradice of compofing and marfljal-
lingAnns. ,, . . .
Edward of Woodftock, fo named from the Place of his
'Birth, eldeft Son ' of King Edward III. was, by his Father,
-created Duke of Cornwal, and afterwards was made Prmce
-oi Wales, and earfied Arms, as his Father, France and ^ng-
land quarterly, with a Label of three Points, and round his
'Seal were tlfefe Words, Sig. Edwardi primogenfti principis
;Aquitani3e & WalHae, D«c// Cornubise,' C^ Cofriitis Ceifrr^.
This Prince tbok ^to Wife Jean Cbuntefspf/C^k, Daugh
ter of Edmund Earl oi Kent, fifth Son of King Edward L
and Sifter and Heir to John laft Earl of Kent, who carried
the Arms of England witiifti a Border Argent. She bare to
^.Vrince Edward a Son,Richard,^ring his Father andGrand-
, father's Life ; he carried the Arms of France and England
' quarteriy, wfth' his Father's Z^iJii?/ of three Points, Argent;
but for Iris piroper Difference, he changed the rniddle Point
: of the Label' with the Crofs of St. George, as inthe Cata-
.logue bf the Knights -of the Garter,' of whkh that young
'Prfocewas one, and after his Tather's Death, he carried, as
his Father-did, the Lalielplkin, and when his Grandfather died
"be was crbwn^bd King the nth Year of his Age, and had his
Royal Seal, juft' as his Grandfather before defcribed. . This
¦King Richard II. as I have ihewu before, irhpaled Edward
the Coirfeftor's Arms, with thefe' oi France and England, arid
- -fie was the firft King of England that ufed Supporter's, be-
'ine two Angels, and beneath the Shield was placed i^r
Y Devife,

170 Of .Arms of Dominion. Chap. Xiy^,
Devife, a WUte Hart couchant und^i a Tree, coUai^edfWfth a
Chain thereto affixed; and. this was, the Devife ufed' by fiis
Mother Pr iii ce is Jean, and , after becar^e; the Badge of the
Loyalifts, who. ftood tor his Right, and for which n^any^ pf
them loft their Lives, and King Richard: 'was dethrgn^'^^apA
cutoff,; But to proceed into the Detail of the King? of Efig-f_.
land.' Henry i firnamed Bullingbropk-i in Lincolnfhire, where he,
was born about the Year 1 3 66. was the only Son of John
of Ghent, Duke of Lancafter, (fourth Spn pfKingE^cu^y^,
IIL) by Blanch his. Wife, Daughter and Heir of .H^»ry the
firft Duke of Lancafter, Son oi Henty Earl c£ Lancafter^
Son of Edmund -firnamed Croucjjbacjz, the fifjft Earl, c|
Z-rt«c«^fr, fecond Son of King H^^'j'; III.
This Henry of 5/^///>ig^>ooF, bei^g Duke of •Lama fter, .ia
Right of his Grandfather he carried pnly his Arpis;, (andnot ,
iiis Father's^ which were France and England quarterly)
Gules, three Lions paffant guardant Or, with a Label of
France, Azur, Sem.ee of Flower-de-lifes yfwonn whom be derived
bisTitleto the. Crown, haying forced JR«;W4 IL tP renounce
the fame, and] was cipwped King at Weftminfter the i3ta
pf October 13 99. by the Name of JF/(?w)' I"V.andas he ufurp^
the Grown, fo he ufurped King RichariikiSeai, as Sandford
obferves, for his firft' Seal, only razing out the Word Rt-
cdrdtfs, and engraving in its place Henricus : He. did not -
make ufe ot the Arms of Edward the Confeffor, as. Richard
did, in his new Seal, nor ufe his- Supporters. He marrii|d
'Mary de Bohuny Daughter and Heir of Humphry Earl' of
Hereford, Effex and Northampton, and with, her got t^jfe
Earldoms, and with her had many Children, ,"
The eldeft Son, Henry of Lancafter, firnamed Monmouth,^
Jrpm .the Place where he wa.s> bprn, and Prince -of Wc^eSy
1388. he, as fuch, in the j5th. Year of bis Father's Reign,
carried the Arims of FraMei and England quarterly, with|a
¦"^¦^ ¦' ¦" " " '^ ' '• ' Label

Chap. XIV. Of. Arms of Dominion,  171.
Label of three Points Argent, for his filial Difference. And
'tis to be obferved, that the indefinit Number of the F/ow;^r-
de-lifes, in.the Arn^spf Fj»-^«c^, were reduced to the JSIum-
ber Three, by this Prince/ in Imitation of King Charles VI.
qi France, whp reduced them to. that Number, and ever
-iBnce they have continued Ihree, in France and England.
After theDemife of his Father Henry IV. he was crowned
King, by the Name of Henry V. and caufed a magnificent
Seal-to be made for , him, , which is to be feen in Sandford's
Hiftbry. It . Was he that overran. Fjc^^ce wfth Force, and
that neceffitated Charles of France to give him his Daughter
Catharine in Marriage, and declare him Regent and Heir '' tp
the Crown of France. Catharine was crowned Qiieen of
F^land, Sit. Weftminfter,' the 14th of February 1420. in
which Ceremony King James I. of Scotland affifted, and
Portly, after KingHenry V. drqd in^France, tlie laft Day of
Au^fi i42„2.'leaving only one Son, Prince Hf«r)';his Body
nwashxovLght^XoRoap, in order to be conyey'd to England,
^nd piit in a Lead Cpffin, ^nd placed in a Char ipt drawnby
i'purHorfes, andabpye his Coffin was his Image of Leathers
;painted to .the' Life; upon the' Head an Imperial Diadem,
-and onthe Body a purple Robe, . furred with Ermin; in
his right Hand a Sceptre, and a Monde in his Left; drid as
'the Cbafipt pafs'dthrp' any Town of Note, there was born
over it a Gariopy of great Value, by Perfons of Quality,
Itill he came to Calais. Upon the Covering of the Four
^prfesthat drew the Chariot, were embroidered the Arms
'of England alone; uppn the fecond Horfe, the Arms of
France and £w^/d«^ quarterly ; ^ upon the Cover of the
ithird Horfe, the Arms, of France alone; -and on the Fourth,
the Arms of King Arthur, viz. Azur, three Crowns in pale
€t, He was interr'd in the, Abbayof St. Peters at Weft-
Intinfter, at the Feet of Edward the Cohfeffor, wfth this
¦Upitaph^ ~ . .' ^
- \ Y 2 ,

a— — M^— — w i| I I II - I. I  ¦  7"  ¦  -^  '  ¦  ~a,
1.72' Of Arms of Dominion. Chapi XIVj

k-:

Dux Normarinprum, vervs Conquefler eorUm^ *
TJ^^r^rj Fraricbrum, iift^^i (jr Hedor ^oraw.
Qiieen Catharine had her Arms, being thefe of France^
impaled with thefe of her Husband Henry W. (not only ift
paintings, but on her Seal) in one Efcutcheon, which was
enfigpt'd with an bpen GMjy», and fupported -by two Anti'
lops, collared with -bpen Crowns, and' Chains thereto affixed'^'
Or, with the- Circumfcription, Sigil. Catharina?, .^//^ Caroli
Regis FrancisB, Regina^ Angliae,.^ "Dpminte Hiber-nisE. After
the Death of King' Henry, ihe married Owen Apmerideth V
Aptudor, a Welfhman, defcended of the old Kings of Britain^
and of their Iffue came Henry VII, 'of whom in bis proper '
Place. ' - ' .. . -.
Henry VI. upon his Father's Death, being but 9 Mbntht
old, was proclaimed King of England, and about a Month
after was proclaimed at Paris King of France, upon the De*
mife of his Grandfather King Charlts VI. of France, Anno .
,1421. His Granduncles were his Guardians, and when he ,
eame to„the Age of 8 Years, he was folemnly crowned
King of England,_ at Weftminfter, the dth of November ,,
,1429. ''¦-,.'•'•'"' '- ' • ..f ¦
Tlie firfl Royal Seal this King ufed, was, in its Strudure,'
like unto that of his Grandfather Henry IV. but afterwards
be caufed make another more apppfite to France:^ whereoii ,
he's reppffented, Inthronizedy With an open Crown upon his
Head, a Sceptre toped, with a Flower-de-lis in his right Hand,
andin his Left,- the - Ivory Mod, with the 'Hand- of Juftice, "
one of the peculiar Royal Enfigns of France ; .an^ at each ^
fide of the Throne an Efcmcheon, that on the^Rfight witfi:
¦three Flower-de-lifes, for France, and the other \pri the left i
S^e, had the Arms of France and England qmrterly, and
both his Efcutcheons were enfign'd with openf^'ownsiWhuh
Prk^ice of his, in trimraiBg*Efcutcheons with Crowns oh

Ghap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. 173
the Seals of England, is obferved to be the firft to be met
wfth. Upon the Reverfe,' or the other fide ot this Seal,
was an Angel ki a Dalmatick Habit, holding in its right Hand
a Sceptre, and in the Left holding the Ivory Rod, with the
Hand of Jufiice, and before the Angel are two Efcutcheons
placed Accolee, and charged as the above other two, but not
enfign'd with Crqwns, and this fide of the Seal was after the
Fafhion ofthe Reverfes ofthe Royal Seals of France, which
have no Equeftrian Side, that is, the Figure of a Man on
tiorfeback, as with the Englifh, with us, and other Coun
tries. This Seal on both fides was circumfcribed, Hendricus
. Dei Gratia Francorum (^ AngAas -R^^- This King had upon
his Coins, called the Rofe Noble, becaufe the Efcutcheon of
his Arms lies upon a Rofe, on the, one fide, and: ori the
other, his Effigies, crowned with an Arch-Diadem ; fo that
, .he's obferved to be the firft King of England that wore a
clofs Crown, which his Succefforg contitjued; and when his
Arms were placed on publick Buildings,, they were fupport- -
. by twp A^tilops. He married Margaret Daughter of Reyne
. Duke of /4«jo«,,. Titular King of Jerufalem, Sicily, Arragon,
(jyc. This King Henry VL and his Son Edward Prince of
Wales, were cut 6^ by^ Xhe Tqrkifls, wheq.tbey fet up for
the Grown.
Edward IV, the Head ofthe Houfe of Tor^, the eldeft
furviving Son of Richard Duke pi Tork, and his Wife Anne
tMgrtimer, Sifter and afterward Heir tp^er Brother Edward
Earl of March, and Daughter to. Roger Mortimer Earf of
Marchy Son of Philippa, only Daughter and Heir of Lionel
Duke of Clarence, third Son to King Edward III. in whofe
Right the Family of Tork claimed, the Crpwn, and the laft
jr^med RichardDhke of Tork, was Son and. Reprefentatiye
^F Edmund Langfy Duke of ir0rk,\&thSon of Edward III,
Gteat-grandfather of Edward IV. who depofed King Henry
VI. by Force of Arms, and was crowned King the .28th of
Junie 1 46 1. Upoi^ his, Seal hq's, reprefented in his Royal
--¦''''" "' ' *¦¦ ¦•'"¦¦ ¦• ¦' ',¦'¦- ¦" " , -'Rob@^,_

174 - Of Arms of Dominion, Chap. XIV.
Robesbn a Throne, and on his Head an Arched Crown, anjl
' below the Thrpne a lVh,ite Rofe, the Badge of the Family
of Tork: The bppofite Family, Lancafier, ufed a Red one,
for their Badge, which the Fautors and Followers of thpfe
two contending Families, did after ward shear for Diftindion,
in that bfopdy War, betwixt thefe Families. Upon - the
. other fide ot his Seal, he's reprefented as the Kirtgs of Eng
land ufed to* be, Pn Horfeback, his Shield, Surcoat, and
Caparifons oi his Hprfe charged with the Arms of Prance
and England quarterly, with this Singularity, that the Qozm
upon his Head was clofed with Arches, '(the firft feen in Eng
land on Seals) and upPn it for Creft, the Lion' paffant guar
dant. This King had many Devifes, with whicfi he ufed
to adorn his Arms fet up on publick Places, fometimes th^
were fupported with the ^BuU of Clare, and the Lion of
March; and on other Places with the White Hart, the Df-
vife of Richard II. but moft commonly wfth two Lions
guardant, the Supporters of the Earls of March] but more
particularly of thefe in my intended Treatife, Of Exterior
Ornaments. He married Elizabeth, (Widow of Sir John
Gray pi Groby) Daughter of ^ Sir Richard WidviW Knight^
afterward Earl of Rivers. King Edward IV. was the firft
King oi , England that married a Subje<^ and made her %
Queen, and to qualify Jier for his Royal Bed and Efcutche
on, flie carried fix Coats of Arms of her paternal and ma
ternal Defcent ; fhe bare ' to him three 5ons and feverl
Daughters. -, - "
Edward the eldeft, who fucceeded by the Name of
Edward V. ' carried Arms as his Father; Richard the fecond
Son, was created Duke of Tork; George the third vSbn^ cre
ated Duke oi Bedford', died a Child; the other two Sons
being under the Guardianship of their Uncle Richard Duke
pf Glocefter, he moft cruelly caufed thefe young Princes to
be cut oft", and himfelf to be proclaimed King of England^ '
M^3' ^y the Name of Richard III. The Seal he ufed^ Was .
/ after

Chap. XIV. Of:Arms of Dominion. 175
aftef, the fame Form with that of his Brother Edward IV.
and his Arms on foriie publick Places, wfere fupported with
two Bgars, and in other Places with, a' B«// on the right fide,
ajid a Boar on the Left, The Silver Boar, with lusks and
Briffets ofCxld, was- one of the Devifes of the Houfe of
Tork. This King Richard wa^ defeat, and killed at the^
Battle of Bofeworth, 1485. by, H^'^ry Earl of Richmond,
who. was after King, by the Name of, .
. Hemy VII. the $,6n of Edmund of Hadham, (eldeft Son
{^ Owen Apmerideth Aptudor and Qiieen Catharine ^ Widow
of Henry V.) by Margaret- fole Datighter of John Duke
of Somerfet^ Son of John Earl of Somerfet, Son of John of
Ghent, Duke of Lancafier, and of Catharine Swineford his
third \yife. , ' ' , '¦ ' ' .
Henry VIL married Lady Elizabeth, eldefl Daughter of
Edward IN. upon which the two Houfes of Tork and. Lan
cafter were unite, and their Badges, the White and Red
Rofes, were \qir^d per pale; his Seal of Arms was after the
Form of his I^redeceffors, as abovb, carrying France and
England quarterly ., His other Armorial Figures and Trophies,
are -to be found- in his glorious Monument at Weftn'inftery
where his Arms are furrounded with the Garter^ the princi
pal Enfign of that Order, and "enfign'd with'an ArchedCrown,
althe Head of "the Monument there is a large Raft, fupport
ed on the fight fjde by a red Dragon, and ori tlie Left by a
Gray Hojtnd Argent, glared Gates'; thefirff being 'the Figure
of Cad-walider, the la'ft King ot the Britams, trom whom,
by a Male-line, he is faid to derive his Pedegree : Which
Figure he had on "^ his Standard at the Battle of Bof worth,
when hf defeat ljJ/c|i</r^ IIL and to commemorate the Dr^-
go«, h^^inftituted a Purfuivarit kt Arms,'^ by'the Name of
Ruge Dragon. His Monument is alfp adPrned wfth the Pori-
Collis, in refpedof his Defcent from his .Mother, of the^Fa-
mily of. Beauford At the Foot of King Henry VIL his
Monument, -are the Arms, of'H"//^^^f^^'his,Qiieerij impaled

-17^ Of Arms of Dominion, Chap. XIV.
with his Arms i on the Right being France and England
quarterly, with her's oh tbe Left, quarterly i,i^,..Fran^.atid
England quarterly; 2d, the Arms of Ulfter; ¦^d,. Ulfter and
Mortimer quarterly; and 4th as the ift, enfign'd with a
clofs Crown, and fupported by two Angels.
Henry VIL the firft King of the Sirname of Tudor, died
at his Palace of Richmond, the 21ft of AprU 1509. and his
Body was interred in the Royal Chappel af Weftminfter : He
had with his Queen Elizabeth, three 5ons and four Dauglir
ters. Arthur Tudor, the eldeft. Prince of Wales, and Dufce
of Cornwal, at the Age of 1 5. married Catharine, Daughtef"
pf Ferdinand King of Spain, he lived with her 4 Months-
and 19 Days, and died without Iffue. His Arms
on his Tomb are tl?efe of England, wfth a Labef of
three Paints, fupported by two Antilopr, and enftgn'd with a
Coronet, heightned with croft Patees, and Flower-de-lifts, and
below the Shield of Arms, three Oftrich Feathers, isoHh a
Scroll, the Badge of the Prince of Wales. The fecond 5bri,
Henry, fucceeded his Father; the thitd. Son, -Edmund Tudor
Duke of Somerfet, diedyouti^. The eldeff Daughter, Mar
garet. Tudor, bprn 29th olN&Vember 1489. at the Agepf
14. was married to James IV. 'King of Scotland. The fe
cond Daughter, Elizabeth, died ypung. The third, Mary
Tudor, was Queen of Fr^ance, and after Dutchefs of sSwj^'o/k
The fourth Daughter died young. , M
Henry Mill, was' crowned 2 ^th of June 1501?. he had
two Seals, one when T? ope Leo X. conferred upon him the
Title of Defender bf the Faith, 4ind the other behoved to be
inade, after he was^eclaredin Parliament, Head of the Church
¦of England. -On thefirft be .is ftiled, Henricus.-8. Anglian (jy
¦Francise Rex, Fidei Defenfor,i^ Dominus Hibemiae. Onthe
-other 5eal, Henricus- 8. ,"i)^i Gratia Anglise, Frariciae dx Hi-
hernixRex, Fidei Defenfor,& in ferra Ecclefice Atiglicanae
(^ Hiberniae jupremum Caput. ,. In his Efcutcheon ' of Arms,
rthefe of France md England ciuarxerly ; Frame fFill fifft,' tho'*

IM— < — tm  r"ii-Ti J--'  -^  "- — -¦'— ¦ .^L..^-u^'' •.- - -¦¦fc.. . ,-«¦ ,  — ,^.w.i»),^~-.^- "^^ — >  .-^
tho' in his Titles E«^/^?*5? be firft namedi andtho' defign'd
King pf Ireland, yet the Arms of Ireland were not in his
Efcutcheon, ; which was fur.toj.inded with tbe Enfign of the,
G<?rfifir,r in ^]^taJ:iofl of whicli^, the other Knight-Compani- ,
op^pf that,^CXr,der, encpmpalted their .Efciftcheoris after- j
war^s wit\i the Garter . f;,Up©n feveral publick Places where
his Shield of Arms was ereded, 'tis fometimes fupported.
with a Dragon and a^Qrayhapind, and in jpther Places after
wards ^with ,pne of '|ljegL/^.«i^jPf.E«^?2^ crowned, and.
with the K^^ :D»'<^o» oil the Left. .. ¦ ^ .^^i.;,-:^ '?"tV
"He rQar4ed,-firff his Brother's Wife Cathariney whp bare"^
to hittf (5^<^eaEji24^fl:0' J ^"^ ^^^r her Divorce, he marry'd
/2?»»45^^^j ;\Yho bare Qiieen Elizabeth; after her Death,
'^£^ S^^i^r'^i^ bare King Edward VI.' and after her
.^^^^^I^i^i^erfto William D^tike of ,Cle'V,es.: She being di^
!vqrc|i^, ,he ijjarfied Catharine Howqr di-^i^ce. to the Duke
o^ Norfolk J /ahd laftly, he was married -to. Catharine Parre,
who furvlve4 hiqi. :>H?;.died at Wifttpinfier, January ith,
- f#d;^fli^V|.--,^vasrer«iW«©di:.at-^^»^^ 25th of
F^rMry i^^T^'beingicydung-, . wa^run^^i^e Tutory of his
UrKie^Edfe?;ar^. Duke of Somerfet^,. whol governed the King-*
dox:fy.li.(F^e ,Seal of this King's Arms was Ifttle, different
from tbat of his Father, having the. fame Titles; -he died
atlGr£^»^ic/'i.. theri6th Year of his Age, when he had
retgn'd :6 Years, :5, Months, , and. 9.D^p' In - his ., Reign
there was an Order .for the Change of the Knighthood; of
St. George, to be called the Order of the Garter,- becaufe
St. George fighting with the D^-^^ow, .looked too much like
* p/ry^ eldeft Daughter pf,K;ing:'H(?»0' yfH- and his firft
^ Queen 'Cii^jfjdfKi^^^^^^ 'Weftmipfier^ the
jbtli of A/b'Uf/w^^r 1553. file ufed the fame Arms with her
Father and-Brother;>ipon the ^th oi July 1554. flie was
magied ,tQ, Philip Wince^ of Spm^ Sori.i^of Charles. y.
"  ." Z Emperor.

'Jt,

Emf:^of4 '> Ui^on tlieirRoySi^^ p^a*^
featedinia Throne, undewa <n^^riopyy K-ing
Right, and. Queea'ii^af^ ©fti^hePLelt, vvith A/eheii^
on their. Heads, Jhci hoiidingt^ S^ord' in his^Righ^s'lnd^lfe-'
a Sceptre in bef Lefts? ''bfetw«efti-tl4«6v aa- mtdr-i'- tary ^'^^
on; the- Trf^/Mfe^^ilth^'Lettei-s P.Un4'Mii6t-'Ph^ip arid"
Mary, and upbn^ :the Altar is placed; a -iM/^^^' or Globes
fuftained by the left Hand of the King^ iand the Right (€'
tlife. Queen*, and abovey^as it W€re">sit tlleft- -B^fe, 'is;,tHf|
Royal Efcutcheon, contairiing' theiif^;' A'Thi'S :^rHp4ledi-^f ,f^^|
PpM^s Arms, fan'iper &fi, thd-'^Shi^ P-arf^qkakerJji"^ fiurf
Pirns; iHy CaMle and Leon quakMy, 2d, Arrag^ ii^^'^i
led with Sicily ; 3d as the 2d3^ aind^thasthe iffz'fheBlz^
Pari' of the BfcutcheoHi is> alfo quarterly, pf four Ai^eas, i ft^
Aufiria Modern ; 2d^ -BmgundyModerij;'^ 3d,' Ami^l Biir^^
gundy J -and 4th,- Bt'm?aM'i'6ver all an- In^fcmcBeff^^^-^FlemdifrF'
impaled with, Tyrol, all impaled with France ahd England-:
quarterly, being the. Arms of Que^nAliaf')>'>= -Thefe Armi'
were furrounded with the Garter y and enfign'd ^ w^ith;4tt^
Imperial Arched: Crown, the EfcWtGhebu foppbrte'd^ ^t^"* aft
Efig^i? fon the right-side, and^-oti thb/Lpffby a Lim-rdiH^aWl
guardant;^ 'tht Seal: is cirauhifcribed, Philijppus ^^^^FS :
Dei Gratia Rex ^ Regina Anglia:, Hifpaniarum^-ftanciaJi^'
utriufque Siciliae, Jerufalem, (^ Hiberniae, Fidei P^ehfotj^'^'
On the Reverfe, or Counter-Seal, tlie 'King -and Q.tjee^,arfc-^
reprefented on-Horfebacky, he with aCi3p oto his- Head, -ar^^
a Sword in his right Hand; and flJei in her^^HW, ahdaL^'
Sceptre in her left Hand, and behind theit Backs the- forefaid!^
Atchievment^ and the Legend round that fide -of the Seak^j
Archiduces AuffriXy Duces Burgundiae, Mediplani ^-^1^^
Ibaritiagy Co;«ft^j Hafpiu^i, Flajidriae'^ Tif dUsi <iue^ir Mi^ ;
died wfthoiit Iffucy i55'^-a:nd'^lies interr'd ih the- Ghappci'^"'
of King Henry -VIL ¦ ' '- ' "' ' -^''' ' " c ^ ¦?j'i.v^--K'/\ ¦ .; 1 -
Qsieen Elizabeth, fecond Daughter erf" Kirtg 'Jf^wy VIH. <
by his. fecpnd Wife Anna Bullenj vf^ crovvncd the^i5tho| Januaryy

¦ " I " " n-^_>_>_ ,,.,1.,,,^ - - . ,1 ,^ _  ^ I I II
Chj^. ^|¥r Vf Armfi>f\'Dminio^.^ i-f^
^<maryr .H 5;^« f Wpbn he$\Royal Snal Mis repr6f6hled<bJi
avj^r^w^^Vfn fe*^^% with m' Arched C^oiSh on herHeidi,
ihe &5ff»;g:.in her Right,. and the G/ij^e in her left Hand, arid
at each fide of the Throne) are Efcutcheons of the Arms bf
Fra^<;e md, E^glar^d iqitarterlyy furrbuhded With Garters,
'^^^nCi^n'dwi^ .ii»pniaL Crdwhs. > •' ^ ; *
: kifl^e Ground' of tH© Reverftbr Count er-^eall is pbwci^red
^it^J<(f^s^.,^.Fh'm^-dedijes,\ all enfign'd wfth
Cf»d^m^ Mf]0tgland, France,AjLtid kefaHd, arid: the Harp
lipr ihe.kft Kirigdomi, [is thefirftilPinie *tilt,ii^ eVei* appeared
ppon any Seals of the Sovei^i^k Oi En^lMdi'-'}Oh tWti Re'^'
verfe the Queen is reprefen&d i.b'ftfiotfebaek'^iri-her R^
Robes, aVbefbrei ovefihadolved by a Clo'ud, the Embfem
of^tt^^nly Protediori, hef Hbrfe is richly trapped, snd
Wf^pOfgt-Clpatligorgeoufly'embitoidered ; and on both fides
pf theSc^ ire ciFCumfcrih^thefe^Wordsy Elizabetha D^
Grekia ApgWae, ^rsm^ 'xfp'Bx^rh^ Ri^ina, Fidei hefenftir^
with ^ i?<9f^ betwifl: eaibh rWofd. . She?- <^ed unmarried fhe
a4tfe of M*yc^ 1^02. tlie <^th Yeat-fofher Age^ having
reign'd 44 Years > /he was interr'd in Weftminfieri Upon her
Tpmb> her jEfcutcheoti of Atmi is fuj»|»prted on the right
^id&bfa.-'Lion'6f England, crowned, and On the Left by a
Rf^Dy/ij^»i atdon the Friefe of that Monuinent, are car
ved the Arms of her paternal and maternal Defcent. For
which Seals fee Sandford^s Genealogical Hiftory pf Eng-
i?M-^^-iuyf clou e-'i'i'. "^^-^ ::i !o ;!"oy^ ^" -^ ' ,
rj^ii|g(jpi;»fJ^ yl.. of that Name ot ScO'tiand, and Firft bf
j|:^lgi»?*dfir>oftiy.$bhlof Prince Heiiry Lord Darnlj, ahd Mary
Queen: of Scotland, only Daughter and Heirot King Ja}?ies V.
Son of ;King jf**"*^^ ^V. and his Queen Margaret, eldeft
Daughter Pt King Henry VIL ot England and his Queen
Elizabeth, Heirefs and RepreferitafiVe ot lorL , King James ^
as the pnly Reprefenter and righteous Heft of ^he Itoyal
Line ot England, wfth an univerfal Content arid Joy",'fnc-'
cecded to the Throne of England,^ and was crowned, with
1 ^ .if--'? "L z his~

^»o — G^3S^^ "ch^:^^.-

-J.

^|^Si_!;^e^gy at ?f^Mi!#/i£op^theii !fth of jf«/jrt1?<i|i'jtfpbri

JJj^^Qceffioo tp, f XW Grfetwn, the 'Arras of EH^lmid^i^ete
'^nfideredj as w|s-fbpwri before, ^rid marfhalled Withthefe
jgt Scotland, and Jr^j^nd,: Upon the Face of his-Gf^af "S^
be is reprefente^Is^fllrig on his Throne, in his Royal R00,
"withthe Gt eat Collar of th€iOrder\of St. Ge6t-ge'06^3tf
it^eck, (being the Firft of the Kings QiEHgland re^r'efknted
,ivftli the CpHar o,n their Seals) an Tmperial Crown on his
Head, With; the Sceptre in his Right, and the Monde in his
;left Hand ,; apdjaltherightjide of thetThrone isa il^«/dr/^»?,
'holding a [Standard with ^e Arms of CadwaU^rf the laft
King of the Brit a ins, .being 'i^.^«r, a Croft patee fichitOr,
as defcended from him; on the left fide is an Unicorn; gorgm
with a Coronet and chained, in the hke Pofture as the Lion, -%
holding with his left Foot aStandard, wfth the Arms bf
the Englifh-Saxon Kings, being Azur, a Croft flowerie' be^
tween four Martlets Or. -¦¦' Thefe Enfigns 'were placed to
fhow his Majefty!.s Defcent from the Blood Royal of tlfe ,
.Weljh and Engliff.i Over the Throne is the Royal EftutcheTon
iquarterly, ift. Grand J^arter quarterly, France and Eng-
land ; 2d, Scotland; 3d, Ireland, Azur, an Irifh Harp Or,
fir inged Argent ; and the 4th as tbe ift; -which Efcutcheon'
is, furrounded withthe Garter, arid enfigried with an Impe
rial Crown. King James was the firft King of England
that brought the Harp into the Royal A.tchievment of Eng
land, On the Reverfe of his Great Seal, he is reprefented
on Horfeback in Armour, holding in his Right a Sword,4.nd
on his Left a Shieldy cif .the juft now blazon'd quarteted-
'Arms, and thefame pn the Caparifons ' of his Hotfe, and
below „ its Belly ^ a Grayhound currant 4 the Legend rourid
bqth fi,des of the Seal, Jacobus Dei Gratia '> Anglise, Sco¥ia&,-
Francicc 0- Hiberniae Rex, Fidei Defenforl W^^)iffpdhhcU
Places in England, theRoyalEfcutcheon^contaMng&tab^ye
quartered ArmSy was fupported on the right Side by '^h
Engliflj IJon crowned, and by the Left^ by the Umcorn'of
.„-,.-. ' * . A' Scotland,

Chap. XIV. Of Arms '^of pomimon. 1 8_i
ScptMrid, gorged withii Crown; arid Was" alfo upori his Coins,
wfth other E)evifes, tp flipw the Union of tht Kingdoms
in his Perfon ; yet thefe Seals, Enfigns and Coins, bare no
Authority further thari the Doihinioris of England and /rf-
Zflw*^, thp' he was fome^ijii'es^ffiled. Rex Magnse Britanniae,
for bis Majeffy*s 'Seals and Enfigns which bare ^ny Autho
rity; and his Co/«r that were turrerit in ^foif/rtw/i, gave Prcr
cedency tothe Title and Arms of that Dominion, ais. Ja
cobus I)« Gratia Scotix, Anglise, Franci5e, (^ Hiberniae Rex;
and "-tho' fometimes' ftifedy Magnje Britannije, Francis, c3"
Hiberniae Rejc, yet always the Arms of Scotland were placed
iri' the 'firft garter, before thefe of France, England ^nd
Ireland, and were adorned with the., proper Imperial, Crown
and' Creft of ScdtlaUd; and on the right fide fupported wfth
the Unicorn, as Plate ¦). Fig. 13. The Scots being then
very jealous, as their Predeceflors of bldj of their 'Ancient
-Sovereignty, which had coft them fo much BlPbd andt^a-
tigue, and even of the "Very Enfigns and Shadows of it ; for
"in the greateft Straits and Diffi'cuitieff they and their King-
dbm were in, with Edward I. of England, With whom it
was provided, in the- Agreement betWixt 'the ,ico?jr and
King Edward, thai their Queen Margaret of Scotland fhould
nyirif his eldeft Sbn^ Prince Edward, it Was particularly
"provided, that the ancient Arms, of Scotland fhould be kept
entire, -on the Seals and Enfigns of the Nation, and that no
other Name fhbuld be there plated but that of their
Qiieen's. - I'm afraid I have dwelt *too long upon Arms of Dominion,
and efpecially on thofe of England, with the Succeffion of
its Monarchs, to fhew the various Periods of thelmprove-
- merit of their Royal Enfigns, by compofing and marfhalling
them with thofe of other Dominions, till the Union di
Scotland and England, in the Perfon of King' James I. of
Great-Britain: It would be inconvenient for me to infift
any further, onthe Forms of their Seals, beingTomewbat out

I ^ %~— "Of 4^ms of pominio^, f ^" Gha>p. . XIV.
out of rifiy Rpad in this.. Place, tiiranpthe^. Qqca^^- and
to fwell , the Book far beyond . thp defign'clBulti''ftfi^tha^
there be no Room for other Heads pf Marfhaltingy whic|^ ^
I have promifed to treat about in my Prpppfals : 1 am thefjej';^
fore heceifitate to leave ^ji?^ pf £wr^« here, as alfo a
DJetail pf the Seals pf ,the£aris.o^,J?/^«ffe'f, which I defigned*
to i?ay^ treated of alfp,, but .Ipf want pf Room I l^ye then?i ''
to anpther Oppprtunity, which, Ihope, will not te fong^j-'
but iu the mean time, I fliall clofe this Chapter with tw(^%
Inftances of the Earls of FtanderSy in marfhalling their ArniiS^''
with others of Dprnipfoo- . - , . -. , ^'
Having giyen before, fome Account of the ancient Afiji^'^
ofthe Earls of Flanders, Chap. IV. till the Burgundi^f :
Race, when Philip Duke of Burgundy, younger Son of JoW^
King of France-, w^s the Fftft that quartered tbe Arms, oi ,
Bmgundy- Momn.wi^'f thefe, ofBurguf^yAme^h^}^':
13^53. preferring B/^rgunJy Moffefn to Burgundy Ancient^'
becaufe its Armprial Figures are tfie fame with France, an<^
having niatried Margaret, -the Daughter ^d Heir of Ltti-
dovick Earlpf Flanderj; he dimidiated his Arms Ji^ifli th^fe '
of his. Wife, of .which before, Plate 2. Fig-, iv • ,; ,
Their Son and Heir jf«iifc/?, tonamed Intrepidus, carried his
Father's quartered Arms, and placed thefe of his Mother,
as Heirefs of Flanders, in an Inefcutcheon over them,, in the
Year 1404. and his Son and Succeffor Philip the Go<?^
when he fucceeded to the Territories of Brabant and Lim-
hurg, by the Death' of nis Aunt Margaret, he added thf
Arms of thefe Territories to the former ones, by inarJhaUing
them thus; ^^^r^^r/j. Burgundy Modern, Azur, th^i
Flower-de-lifes Or, within a Border gobonated Argent an^
AmVf 2d, Burgundy Ancient, Bf;^^ pf fix Pieces A^u^
and. Or, withina Border Gfites, impaled with' Sable, a Lion
rampant. Or, armed and languid Gules, for Br-abant. 3d',
Burgundy Ancient, again impaled with Limburg, Argent, a
Lion, rampant Gules, crowned akd armed Or, and languid Azur,

Ghap. Xiy^ " f^f Arms of Pgmnipn, if j
Azur, with a double Tail in Saltier, The 4th Quarter as
the iff, and over all, by way of Surtout, the Efcutcheon ^
of Flanderi,^ viz. Qr, a Licin^rampant Sabl^., HisSm again,
Charles the B^W, Earl of J^f^ders,f and D^-^ of 'Bm'gundy,
carried, thof^ as his Father, •\ipo# lAs Sl:^l^, SOmat, and
Caparifons of his Horfe, as by his Seals given us by Oliva-
rinif Vredius, De Sigillis Comitmn Blandrix. Charts of Bur-
gtindy, was the firft that furroundesd his Efcutchebn bf Arirts
withthe Collar of the Golden Fleece, and in Imitation of fiinrt,
as Sovereign of the Order, the othet Kni^^^-Coiiipabions
did the fame. His Father Philip, placed the Collar of the
Order before that about the Necks of his Lions, the Sup
porter of hi« Efcutpheon. ; . - -^
pH /their Seals ^Ifo were jplaced other' cpllatefal lefle^
Shields, with the 'Arms of- other Territories, round 'thS..
Atf,hi^)i(j^ieiit above Blazonedj which collateral ¦Arms, were.
af^rwards, by their Succeffors, marfhalled with thofe inthe
Great Atchievment, after another Mahner' than the threefbr-
mesr :Waysof Ma»y^///;^ ^given by ,me • befpre, viz. Simple '
Quartering, f^uarter.ingy^arfd^(M^^er-qitar^enn^: So th^t'I
forbear to infiff hiere upon bt|ier Me^q^iof ]^flr^^//V«^ than
thefe above, till I prpceed to treat ol .the other, Gaufes of .
2^H&fing\A^us\ ih~ om Sbkld».. ^

&^A^^

184 T,-»'V- ~^

V4 H A. X • A.Vi

i* \ti

Of Feudal Arms^ or Arms of

--i^!

B

- - - 'IT.
Y thefe, I underftand fuch FigureSj which feem tb.b^
,afiriexed to ^/^^/^'^ F(?«j-, fuch 'a$ Dultedbriis, Mar-*fl
. 'quifates, Ealrldomsyaind Great Lordfliips, Which their'!'
Pbtfeffofs carried to , fiibw their' Digriftles, iri' Imftatibh'b|'!^^
Sovereigns^ who were in ufe to difplay the E»^i«/ of tbeir'-'
Dominions. . , ' . ' ''""*'¦
Lawyers tdl lis, thei'e Were pf old' iVo^/^ JF^?//^Whi<3iA
Nobiiitate their Pofleffbrs, tho' I^ndhle^ a^jBayt^olu^,:^^^
Cod. De Dignitaiei and Segion, in',his;Tfelt:ifje,-'jDfi' '.^^
Itaiico, £?^. 7;' tells us,' That about the Y.^ar of ^Pd'^^
the Emperor 0«o brought in'aCuftori^ t0'7f^/y,^by'vvlliL
the Ignoble became Noble, by poffeffing Noble Feus, and had
Right to carry Arms; but ftill this was to be thought to be|
done with the fpecial Gonfent of the Sovereign, and is fo
underftood by the Laws and Cuftoms of other Countries,;'
where none could purchafe a dignify'd Feu, whb werf
not |Ipbfe by Defcent, or by Patent. Joannes Gallik
telft itsi^lliat it was fo decided in France in the Year 1282.
And the anonimous Author of Obfervationes Genealogies,
Lib. I. Cap. 39. tells us. That by the Cufi^om of Flan
ders, and other Countries, tho' Noble Feus be alienable by
their ancient Ppffeffprs, to Strangers, the Dignity cannot pafs to

"^^U (^

\^%rffSw4&n t ^ -^^ttf

Chap. XV.  Of Feudal Arms, Tsfy
to them, but returns to the Sovereign, and the fame holds
in Br itainy that thefe who acquire Noble Feus, the Dignity
of them muftibe granted by the Sovereign, without which
Grant, the Purchfes cannot ufe the Arms of thefe Noble
Feus. /....,'
- Feudal Arms, in my humble Opinion, were originally;
either thefe, that were granted by Sovereigns, uponthe
Ere6\ion of Dignified Feus ; or the proper Arms of the old
Poffeffors, which by a long Continuance, feem'd to be an
nexed, to the Feus, as in France, Guien an Appanage
of the Sons of France; the Dukedoms of Burgundy Ancient
and Modern, theCPunties of Vermandois, Dreux, Evereux,
Aubigny, 8cc. which have for Arms annexed to them thofe
^qf their .ancient Pofleffors, the younger Sons of France, who
feHing hy.want of Iffue or 'otherwife, their Succeffors, into
fuch, Noble Feus, tho' Strangers, marfhalled the Arms of
thofe Feus with their own, by the Favour of the'Sovereign,
as by thefollowing Examples of fome of Pur Scots Tamilieis,
which.have'been honoured with Noble Feus in France, and
who have marflialled the Arms of thefe Feus, With their own,
meerly uporithe Account of the l)ig.iiityi
Moft of our ancient Earldoms, and fome of our old Lofd-
fliips, have as it were Coats of Arms annexed to them,
which were either thofe granted uponthe Eredion of them
into Noble Feus, or thofe of the ancient Poffeffors, which
}^ the Favour of the Sovereign, are tranfmitted, with the
Dignity of the Feu to otber different Families, who by mo
dern Practice, quarter the Arms pf thefe Dignities conferred
on them, with their own Arms, meerly as Feudal ones, and
not upon the Account of Defcent Pr Alliance with the ancient
i^offeffors'of thefe dignified Feus, nor upon fhe Account of
fpecial Conceffion, Patronage, or otherwife, but only as. iri-
vefted inthefe Noble Feus, fo'that we will meet with diftind
Fan. ilies carrying one Coat of Arms, but upon different Ac
counts, as by the following Inftancer.
Aa ' The

ilj ¦ Of FeudaffArtns,fV '0ft^..-xt?
Tbe Arms of the numerous and once with us-powet^
fill Name of Cuming, were Azttr, three Garbs Or, the irioft
eminent Family of the Name was dignified with the Earldbiit!
of Buchan,, which noble Family came to^a Pedi6d in tlie^
Reign of i^o^^rr the Bruce, upon the Account of their Rebelii
Ifoq,. in adhering to the Intci'eft of Eft^andy their Arms be
came the Feudal ones of the Earldome of Buchan, to fe!vei0^
different Families, who were hpnpured with that Digriit^
afterwards. ' , >
The firft that F liavef ound to carry them as fui£b,uwai
Alexander. Steuart Fomth Son of King Robert IL whowa*
created EarJ of Buchan by his lather, the firft Year of his
Reign,, and for which (by our old Books of Blazbns) hfe^
carried quarterly firft and fourth. Steuart, 2. and 3. Azur'y
three Garbs :0r, fpr the Feudal Arms of B«r;biarw;;: after hi^
Death,.^ having ub lawful Iflue, that Dignity returned agairife
tp the Crown; afterwards King Robert III. inve^edi Johik
Steuart y fecond Spn to Robert Du\.e of Albany,, Eaxl of Pffg
and Mont^eith, in the Earldom of buchan, who carriedl
Sj:euart,. ^iuartered with the Feudal Arms of ^iehtmy c^
whom befpre, Chap. 3. Pa^ 45.. his Poms, :Pl4t& ri
Fig^ 9. ' '
, Afterwards King James I. beftpwed that Earldbm pt^
George Dumbar, the forfeited Earl of March, hut what he*
arried I cannpt learn, for be arid his Family was net fori^
pf ft in Place of the Earldom ot March : His Son Patrick
being a- Gentleman of the King's Bed-chamber^ Was cut 6®
With the King, by, the notorious Murdeiers, and this Patrick'
was the laft lineal Heir-male -of the Nbble and Andeiif
Family oi the Earls of March ->»
George Lord Seaton, in Right of his Wffe Jean Steuart^
only Daughter and Heirefs of '^ohn Ear] of Buchan, and as-
Heir to his Mpther  -—Ddjnbar, Sifter and Meir to-
P-atrick Dumbar. lafl^ Earl of Murch and Bmhany renewecl-
hjs; Pretenfions to the Eiirldpm of Bmban in the Reign bl
King

Cb*p. 3tVi Of Feudal Arms. 1V7
King James U, and quartered the Arms <of Buchan with, his
Qwn, notwithftanding that Earldom was annexed to the
Crown, vaod he and his Lady, for the Difappointinent had
Fourty Pound Sterling .(a great Sum inthefe Jays) allowed
them^^early out of the Exchequer, but their Iffue continue
ftill to marlh^l the Arms of Buchan y as Arms of PretenfioH
to thefame, not.withffanding others were honoured wkh that
Dignity. :v .
Kftig James H. beftowed that Earldom upon his iJteriri
Brother James Steuart, fecond Son to James Steuart,. called
tbe Black Kmght of Lorn, and hia Lady J^ean Beaufort,
Qiieen Dowager of King James I. James Earl of Buchan^
married Margaret Daughter and Heftefs of Ogilvie oi Auch
terhoufe, with lier he had Sir Alexander Eari of Buchan^
and Lord Auchterhoufe, who<;arried, as inoiwr old Books of
Blazons, quaiterly 1. and 4. Or, a Fefs chequee Azur -and
Assent 2. and -^^.Asmr, three Garbs Or, for the Earldom of
Buchan-; but the Gerinan hi-hoff, upon what Reafon I know
hot, fpeaking of this Family, makes the Fefs-chequee Afgeik
and Sable, and accompanies it with three . Wolves Heads
emfed Gules ;.Alexandtr^atl of Buchan's Grand-ion John
Mafter of Buchan, who was killed at the Battel of Pinky,
his Eftate and Dignity careie to Chrifiian fm Daughter Jtrid
lole Heir, who was married to Robert Douglafs, Son bi
Wdliam Douglafs of Lochleven, a. younger Brpther bt Wil
liam Earl of Morton, theft Son was James Douglafs Earl of
fSiUcban, who carried <j«arterly, iff and 4th, Douglafs df
f..ochleven. Argent, three Piles iffuing from the chief Gules,
charged with two Stars,; 2d, Azur, three Garbs Or, .for the
Earldom of jBwto j and 3d, Or, a Fefs chequee Azur am
Argenty far Stewart. And he having but oite Daughr^
'Mary, his Heir, who was; Wife to James Enkin, eldeft Sdfl
of Jpim Earl of Mar, by -his fecond: Lady Mary SteWkr^
iDaughter of E/?«7 Duke of Lennox-; James Erskin,.ih his
J¥^'y Right, was Earl oi Buchan^ arid their Spn .md^rand-
A -a ^ ^^"^

1 88 Of .Feuded Arms. ' Qh&p.
fon Earls of Buchan,' carried quarterly,- : iff, Buekatki • ^^
Stewart; .3d, Stewart of Lennox, upon the acGount,»ti©l.,:hii
Mother; and /^th, Douglafs of Lochleven, upon the account
of his Wife, as juft now blazoned; and over all, by Way of
an Inefcutcheon, the Arms of Mi^r and Erj^/» quarterly, his
own paternal Arms, as in our ancient illuminate. Books^ of
Btazdn], in the Cuftody of Mr. Frazer Rj?/>-.HerauId,.\ as
Plate 7. Fig. 2. So that there are here both Feudal Coats^and
Coats of Alliance and Defcent, the Iffue of , this Family
failing. .. ' >.' - '¦
'David Erskin,- eldeft Son of Lord Cardrofs, whofe Pro4"
genitor was Hemy, immediate younger Brother of Jam^
Erskin Earl of Buchan, by his Wife Mary Dojtglaft, Heire^
of the Earldom. ' David, upon his Application to the firft
Parliament after the Revolution, was declared 'Earl of B«-;
chan, and fat as a Peer there, and took his Place^^accordingly^^
whofe Blazon I have given fully, in my Effay on addmond
Figures and Marks of Cadency. Pag. 227. .'-?•)
'The old Earls of Athol, carry'd Patty of fix. Argent and
Sable'. This Noble Faniily, for want of Iffue-hiale or
otherwife, came to the Cumings, and upon theft Forfeiture^
came to the Grown. Robert II. conferred tnat Earldoiii
upon Walter Stewart his fecond Son, by his Qjieetf
Eupham Rofs ; he was forfeited as orie of the Murderers of
King James I. and that Earldom was again annexed to the
Grown. ' .^ ,
King' James IL beftow'd that Emldom upon his uterine
Brother John Stewart, eldefi Son of Sir James Stewart the
Black Knight of Lorn, and Jean Queen-dowager. John
Earl of Athol was Lieutenant, to King James III. he defeat
the Rebel Mackdonald Lord ot the ijfles'y and brought him
to Submiffion^ for which he got the Motto, Furth Fortund
and fill the Fetters. His Armorial Bearing was, quarterlyy
i-ft ahdi ^th. Stewart ; 2d and 3d, Pdh of fix., Argent and
Sable ^ for the Tftfe of Athol. The fifth Earl in Defcent from

Chap. XV. Of FeuddtArms. 189
from him was, John Stewart Earl of Athol, who left behind
him two Daughters, the^ldefi Dorothea, who married Wil
liam ^Murray Earl oi Tullibardin, of whom j is lineally de
fcended the prefent Duke of Athol, who carries quarterly,
ift-Jind 4th, Azur, three Stars Argent^ within a double
Treffut^ -counterflowered Or, for Murray ; 2d and 3d, ~ Pallee
(^ fiz. Argent and Sable, ior Athol, quartered with a Fefs
ihequee AzUr and Argent, ior Stewart; 3d as 2d. Plate 6.
Fig. 3.
The old Earls of Mar^- had for- Arms, Azur, a Bend
betwixt fix crofsOrofters-fitched Or, which became the Feudal
ones to other Families, who were honoured with the Earl
dom, of Mar. Sir Robert Erskin of That-ilk, pretended
Right to the Earldom oi Mar by his maternal Defcent, and
carried the Arms of Mar, as Arms of ¦Alliance and of Pre
tenfion to that Earldom for fome Time, the fame way as
S^lo« Earl of Winton pretends to Buchan: But the Family
of Erskin was at laft honoured with that Earldom. Plate 7.
Fig. I.-
. King James IL beftow'd that Earldom onr his third Son
John Stewart, who was Earl of Mar, and Lord Garrioch:
He died without Iflue; and Kxng James IIL created his third
Sony John EarlofM^if, who died wfthout Iffue. The Arms
of thefe two Earls, as I have found them illuminate in our
old Books of Blazons, were quarterly 1 ft and 4th,' the Arms
of Scotland, as Sons ofthe Royal Family; 2d and 3d, the
Armsot the "Earldom of Mar; and over all, an Inefcut
cheon, the Arms of Garrioch, viz. Or, a Fefschequee -Azur
and Argent, betwixt three Ducal Crowns Gutes. The fame
carried by Alexander Earl of Mar, as in Plate- 2. Fig. 14.
I John Lord Erskin, was, upon account of his former Pre
tenfion, honoured withthe Earldom oiMar, and its ancient
Precedency ; and by Queen Wlary confirmed in the fame by
Pariiament, fti the Year 1567. He quarters the Arms (ff
the .-Earldom ot Mar., in the ift and 4th Qiiarters of his
,. r Atchiev-

190 Of. Fmdai Arms, Cha.p. XV,
Atchievment, befbi« his Paternal, Argent, a palejSa^,Md
does :fo continue. . Plate J. Fig* i. \,v •
The Armspf the old Earls ofM^reft, of the Sirname pf
Dumbar, became the Feudal Arms of that Earldom toother
Families, that were honoured with that Dignity. Atter; it
was annexed to the Crpwn by King Robert III. upon the
Forfeiture of George. Dumbar Earl ot March, Kit>g James U.
created Alexander, his fecond Son, Duke oi Albany, Eari^
March, Lord of Annandale and of the Ifle of Man ,• upon
which Account, he carried :the Arms of thc^e Digniti^
^quarterly, ift, the Arms of '5coi//?7'/^ entire ; 2d, Gules, a
Lion rampant Argent, within a Border of the laft, ehargei
with eight Rofes of the firft, for the , Earldom of Marck^^,
gd. Gules, three Legs of a Man armed proper, conjoined. ki
the Centre, at the upper Parts ,ofthe Thighs, flexed in Iri-
angle, garnlflaed and fpUrredOr, the Arms of thelfkofMm.
4th, Or, a Saltier and chief Gules, the Feudal Arms of the
Lordfhip of Annandale; [.Plafe 6. Fig. 5. j which Arms were
pn his Seak, and a; e ftill to be feen on the College Ch'urfh
mf Edinburgh, of whichy he was a Benefasdor. This Duke
was twice married, firft to Catharine Sinclair^ Daughter of
William Earlof Orkmy; flic bare to him a Son Alexander,
who married Margaret, Daughter of the Lord Crichto^
and had a Daughter, married to D^w'^s^ Lord Drumtmm*
-Alexander Duke of Albany, Earl oi March, (^c. after h^s
Marriage entred into Religfous Orders, wa-- Abbot of />fi'
^chaffry and Scoon, aad. after Bifhop of Murray ; he refign'd
his Temporal Honours in favours of his younger Brother
John Duke of Albany, Son of the forefaid Alexander Duke
of Albany -by his fecond Wife, a Daughter of the Houfe df
iBotagnt This jffi*« Duke of Albany, Earl of March, Lord
Annandale, and of the Ifle' of Man, Count. of Bologn, and
Count ot Au-Vergn, he was Governour o£ Scotland ior feve
ral Years in the Minority of King- James V. he carried on
his Seals of Arms, thofe of his Father before blazoned. I
have

Chaj^. XV.' Of Feudal Arms, 191
have feen a large Piece of Gold of his, (in the Hands of Ar-
ehibald Seton' oi Touch) coined in the Year 1524:. upon the
one fide is an Eagle difplay'd and diadematee, arid below it
an Efcutchfepn quarterly ofthe above Arms, finrrounded
with aCollttit of St. Michael, enfign'd wfth a Ducal Crown,
and the Legend round, Sub'Umbra tuarum, relative to the
Ea^e; on the other fide of this Coin, is a large triangular
Shield, with his 'Arms quarteily, as before, impaled with
the Arms of bis Dutchefs Anne DelaTour and Auvergney
qiia*-tor^, ift and 4th, Smee of BtaMe, a Tower, ion the
©o«rit De ta Tour ; 2d and '^d,^'Argent, aGonfarmon^ i. e.
tiie Banner of the Church, for the County of Auvergn ; ,
over alTan Inefcutcheon charged isoith three Torteaux, iorBo-
bgn ; which Shield of Arms was enfign'd with a Ducal
Crown, This Duke died without Iffue, and his. Dignities^
returned to the Grown, and thefe of March and Many, with '^
thi^'r Arms, were given afterwards to honour the Family
of Stewart ot Lennox,, from which were defcended the Mo
narchs of Great-Britain. Upon which Account, I fhall here •
add a fiiGcind genealogical Dedudion of the Eamityj with a
Detailof their Honours and Arms. eriKf'' • '
TheFirft of the Family of Damly and Crocflon,- Anceftors.,;
of the Duke of Lennox, was defcended of Robert Stewart,.
fecond Son of Waker, fecond of that Name, High Steward-
of Scotland,, in the Reign of Alexander III. who got from .,
WssFather the Lordfhip of T^y^i/'o^^, in the Shire of Air,.
and by marrying with tlie Heirs of Rahen de Croc deCroc-
ftmn, thefe- Lands and others were added to thir former;
ones. ^ This Roberr de Croc, in fome old Painting, carried i
for Arms, G«/rjr, three Buckles Or, as I'm informed,. The
Family of Damly carried for Arms, Or, a Feft chequee Argent
and>Sablt, ''and not Azuf) to difference themfelves, asCa- -
dets ftom the principal Stem ; which Jacob Imhoff takes
notice of ittv his Btons of that Family, of which by
md bw*^'"-'-^*"" ^'^ ' i-'^-"'^ '-' "' Mt,-.

192 of Feudal Arms. CHap. XV.
Mr. David Simpfon Hiftoriographer, in his genealogical
Account of the illuftrious Family of Stewart, will have-the
Fftft of the Family of Damly to beone Alan Stewart, fe
cond Son of John Stewart oi'Bunclei Brother to James
High Stewart of Scotland, upon the account of the Buckl&j
carry'd by the Stewart oi Buncte, which were alfo ufed by
the Family of Damly, and after they were Earls and Duket
of LfwaoiV, carried them on their Border Gules ; but th&
Defcent from John Stewart is too late, for the Faniily of
Torboltoun was elder thanvthat of Stewart of Buncte, and.
the Bunckles carried by theFamily of Damly WasfxovaRaobe^
de Croc, as by Mr. Crawford, in his Peerage. ^
Sir John Stewart- of Damly and Crocftoum, in the Govera-
ment of Robert Dixke oi Albany, went tb France, with; the
Auxiliary Troops, withArchbald Earl of Dauglaft, md.Jobn.
Stewart Earlof 'B«c^fl», and after their Death at the Battle
of VernoH in France^ Anno 1424. was chief Gommanderi of
the Scats, was made a Marifchal of France, iot his Meritj
Anno 1425. and tor his fingular Parts, was fent Ambaffador
by Kirig Charles VI. of France, to King James I. oi Scot^
land, to renew the Ancierit League, and negotiate a Marri4
age between the Dauphin of FrMce, and Margaret Daxx^-
ter of Kxng James, which he accomplifhed : He washo^
nourcd by ¦ the King of France, with the Lordfliip of Eve^
raux, an Appanage of the yoUnger Sons . of France ^ 'with
its Arms, A^ur, Semee of Flower-de-lifei Or, a Border Gules^
which he charged with eighvJBucktes'Orl Thefe Arms were
•quartered in the firft place with the< paternal Coat of Stem-
ak. He had for his Wife Ifabel Set^n, Daughter to William
hordi Seton, Progenitor ofthe Earls bf Winton ; ihe bare to
liim three Sonis, Alan, 'John, and Alexander StewavtLaird
of Beilmouth; the two eldeft Sons Alan and John, Were
the Heads of two eminent Families in Scotland and Francf^
who fupplied one another in -Succeffion, and carried the
fame Arms, wfth a Ifttle Variation, which I fliall ipeak of in

Chap. XV.' Of Feudd Arms. 193
in tlTtis Detail of the Family ; and firft, rpt the fecbnd Son ia
Wance.^ .-''- ^j. „.,.
I John Stewart, fecond Son of Sir John of Damly, Mari^
fchal and Count De Everaux in France, and his; Lady Ifabel
Seton, was honoured with the Title of Lord Aubigny^ there,
and with the Order of St. Michael; by Lewis King of
France, as Imhoff, in his Biazanits Regutn parfumque Magnpe
Britariniae, thus; Joannes Stuartus, fixa in Gallia fide. Da
rn inia parenti ejtfs a Rege Carolo fexto danata tenuit, titu-
lum Domini ^'Aubigny, Vicus efi in Biiuribus fitm, in fami-
liam fuam inttdit ; a Rege Ludoyico, inter equites Ordinis
San^ii Michaelis, ' ab' eo recens fundati, cooptatui. This Lord
Atihigny died 14S2. and left Ilfue by his Wife Beatrix de
Aphir, a Son,' Berrutrd Lord Aubigny, famous General in
the Neapolitan Wars, and was Viceroy of Naples, Gover
nour of Calabtm, Capiain of the ^Guards de Corps^ and ho
nour'd- wfth: many other Titles by Lew}^ XIL of France.
He was fent Ambaffador from that King tb King James IV.
<A Scotlanif, and in hi^ Way from JE^^wi^//?^^ to Stirling, to
flfieet the King, he fickned and died at Corftorphin, Anno
1508. feaving no Iffue but two Daughtei-s. He carried the
-fahie quartered Arms wfth the Family of Damly in Sc@t-
land, but charged only the Border of the Feudal Arms with
three Buckles,' whereas D^r»^y charged the Border with E?^/.'f,
as the curious German, linhoff, whofe Blazons of that Family
I fliall here add. , ' - ' .
- Stewarti de Aubigno pvteclaris Regno Gallix meritis pro
pria fibi, ac maxime .^oriofa par ar ant infignia eadem fcilicety qiu
Reges Francix ger unt, tria Lilia aurea, in Campo Cxruleo Re-
freftntantia, (the Semee of Flower-de-lifes being then reduced
to Three) fed difcernicuU ergo, limbo rubeo fibulis tribus aureis.
Ornato difiinda, his Bernardus infcuto fuo gentilitium Ste.vy-
artorum digmai fafciam, nempe triplici .tefielarum argenteaxfim
S' nigramm duttu diftind am ; ita'tamen, ut liliato fymbolo
primum loem tribuerit. Here he blazons the Fi?/} 'checiuee
B.b Argent

194 Of Feudal Arms, Chap. XV,^
Argent and Sable, (for y^;s«r) which L have obferwdbfevcsrsl
Branches of the Royal Family to have fo carried ; a,nd hti
makes the Paternal Coat give place to the Feu^daLArnp,
becaufe of the Figures of JpV<i«c^. But to pi'oeeed to the
eldeft Son of the Family of Damly in Scotland. 3^
Alan Stewart of Damly, and Lord Everaux im Fmni^
elder Brother of John~L6rd Aubigny, married LiliasLenno»t)
Heirefs of the Earl of Lennox ; fhe bare to him Sft Jokk
who was created Lord Darnfy, by King James i, IL andf by
King James III. Earl of Lennox ; he married. Chriftia^ .
Daughter of Alexander firft Lord Montgomery, fhe bar|
Matthew Earl of Lennox, who was kill'd at theBattfe ,pf
Flowden, with King 5^flw^j IV. a fecond Ston, F^bertyVi^k^
fucceeded his Coufin Bernard in the Lordfhip of Aubigt^ m
France; and a third Son, William, Governour of Mitlan,
and Captain of the Scats Gens d' Arms in France. . '-c ¦-'.<• .a
John Earlof Lennox, Son of- Matthew Earl of Lennox^
married Elizabeth Hamilton Daughter of Jame^ firft Earl eft
Arran, and his Lady Mary Daughter to King James IL
who endeavouring to refcuei James V. out of the Hands of
the Douglaffes,' was kill'd near Linlithgow,, feaving behmd
him two Sons, Matthew-who fucceeded, John Lord Au"
bigny in France, andi a third Son Robert, Bifhop of Caithnefii.
Matthew Earl of Lennox, married. Lady Margaret Dot^
glafty Daughter of Archbald Earl of Anffis, and Margaret
Queeurdo wager of King James IV. of Scotland; fhe barf
to Earl Matthew two Sons, Henry Lord Damly, andCharlgf
Stewart, who alfo was Earl of Lennox.
To proceed now to the Arms of this Family, being quat-^
terly ift arid 4th,'Az«r, three Flower-de-tifes Or, within^
Border Gules, charged with eight Buckles of the fecond; 2d
and 3d, Stewart; over all, by way of Surtout, Argent, a
Saltier engrdiled betwixt four Rofes, for the Earl^t» of Len
nox. Plate 6. Fig. 6. - <
Henry Lord Damly, the eldeft Son of Matthew Earl j^
Lennox, before he was married to Mary Queen of Scotland, was

Chap. XV. Of. Feudal Anns.

i9S

^as created Duke of .Rothf.^, Eari of Ho/r, and Lord ofthe
Ifle of Man, had the Arms ofthe laft two dignify'd Feus
marflialled with thefe of his Father's Arms, and as Husband
to Queen Mary, and Father toKing^^jw^j VI. they were im
paled with the Royal Arms of .Seotlandy on many publick
Places. I fliall give them here as they ftand illuminate on
his Mother's Tomb in Wefimmfier, viz. Quarterly, jft _£«^r-
ter counthr-quartered Avkigny {or Auveraux) with Stewart,
andin Sitrtout, Lennox, the Arms of his Father; 2d Qci^r-
tcr, the Arms of the Ifle of Man, as before blazoned ; 3d
Quarter, Guks, three Lions ratnpant Argent, Tor the Barl-
dom of Rofs; and in the 4th Quarter, the Arms of Do«g/fl/}
Earl of A«g««, being thefe for his Mother: Upon what Ac
count thsF^f^hJh placed them there I know not, for fhe was
not an Heirefs, but wfth us the 4th Quarter was as the ift.
All which are impaled wfth the Royal Arms of Scotland,
fiippbrted on the Right-fjde with a Wolf proper, and>bn the
Left by the Unicorn of Scotland, and theShield enfign'd
"within Imperial clofe Grown.
" Charles SteWart, 2dSon of Matthew Eari of Lennox, was
^arl of Lennox and M^^i^^ ; he had no Iflue but a Daugh
ter Arrabella, who Was married to William Seymour Marquis
t>f Hartford: She died Prifoner in the Tower of London,
yithout Iffue, by the Severity of Queen Elizabeth,
- The Eftate and Dignfties©f the^Earldoms ofL^^^ow and
March, devolved by Right of Succelfion on his Uncle Ro
bert Bifliop of Caithnefs; both he and his Nephew Charles,
carried quarterly, ift, Aubigny ; 2d, Stewart; 3d, The
Arms ofthe Earldom of March, as Feudal ones, of which
^befpre, [Plate 6. Fig, 5.] and 4th as the .ift, over all, in
""SurtduP, the Arms of the Earldom of L^««05c. This Earl
Robert, redgned the Earldom of Lennox intp the King's
Hands ad remanentiam, who confirmed the Earldom of March
to him ; but he died foon after without any Iflue, and that
fiarldom returned alfo to the GrPwn.
B b 2 King

196 Of-FeudalfArms. Cbap,» XV.
King James VI. confefred the Earldom of Lenmx upon
his Coufin £^»e StewartyLord Aubigny in France, Sm^nd
Heir of John Lojid Aubigny before7mentioned. Brother of
Matthew Earl oi Lennox, Grandfather of King .7^;;^/ V^
Efme was High Chancellor of Scotland, and create^ Duke
of Lennox, and carried for A.rnTs,. as Fig. 6. He married
Catharine de Balfac, Sifter to the Siew de Entragues ; fhe
bare to him two Sons and as many Daughters, Ludovick
his Succeffor, and £//«f Lord Aubigny, Henrieta, marriedto
John Gordon 'firft Marquis of Huntty ; an& Mary, to Jo^^
Earl of Mar, and had to their Husbands many. Children^
matched with Noble Families in, Scjotland, which is tlie Rea
fon We fee fo frequently the Arms of Sieur^de Entragues,
quarterly, ift, Azur, three Saltier s couped Argent, and on a
Chief Or ^ as many Saltiers couped of the firfi ; 2d, Argent, a
-fret Sable; 3d, Gules, thre£ Buckles Or; 4th as the ift, and
in St&touty Argent, a Serpent gliding in pale Azar, viomfti^
out of its Mouth a Child, Gutes: Which Arms, I fay, with
thefe of Lennox, are frequently to be met with on the Fu
neral Efcutcheons of our Nobility, as Proofs or Branches
of their maternal Defcent from the Houfes of Huntb and
Mar. The Male-line of Efmy Duke of Lennox failed in- Charles
Duke of Lennox and Richmond, who died without Iffue in
tbe Year 1672, and the Honours returned to King Char lef it
who was ferved Heft to -him; fo that the Noble Feus, with'.
their Arms, returned to the Crown.
Of late, the Honours and Arms of the EaridomofM^rciS'
were conferr'd upon Lord William Dauglaft, fecond, Son to
William Duke oi ^eensberry. Anno 1703. upon which Ac
count, he quarters the Arms of tbat Earidom wfth. his pa
ternal ones, thus j Quarterly, firft Quarter eounter-quarterec|,
ift and 4th, Argent, a Man's Heart Gules enfign'd with an
Imperial Crown proper, on a chief Azur ¦ three Stars of tk
firfl, ior Douglafs of ^uensberry ; 2d and 3d, Azur, a Bend ' be-

Ghap. XV. Of Feudal Arms. 197
betwixt fix croft Croftets fitchee Or, for Mar, (upon the account
-before-mentioned. Chap. 7.) aU within a Border Or, charged
with a double Treffure count^floweredGules ; 2d grand Quar
ter, Gules, a Lion rampant Argent, within a Border ofthe
laft, charged with eight Rofes ofthe firft, for the Earldom ot
March; 3d gr,and Quarter as the 2d, and 4th as ift. [Plate 6,
Fig.j-y - ¦ ^ -^r.-,..^ >
The Arms of Randolph Earls oi Murray, Argent, three
¦ Cufhions within a double Treffure flozvered and counter flowr
ered isoith Flower-de-lifes Gules, became the Feudal Arms
, ot that Earldom, when enjoy'd by other Families with the
Title of Earl of Murray..
• Archibald Douglafs, Brother to James Earl of Douglafs,
was by King Jcimes IL created Earl, of Murray,! i^^p, he
carried quarterly i. and 4. the above Blazon, fbr the Earl^
dom oi Murray, 2. and 3. the Paternal Coat of Douglafs,
wasforfeited for his Rebellion 1455-
King James IV. beftowed that Earldom on his Natural
Son James Stewart y begot on Jean Kennedy Daughter to
the Earkof C<3^//, he carrfed r., and 4.^ the Arms of ^'o;-
land, bruifed with a. Batton Sipifter, 2.andSf Argent. three
CuJheons within the double Treffure Gules, for the Earldorfj
oi Murray, he having no Sons but two Daughters, the
¦ ^Earldom being a Mafculin Feu at that Time returned tb thp
Crbwn^ Mary Queen of Scotland, conferred the Dignfty of the
'Earldom of Murray on her Natural Brother James Stewart -
Prior of Sti Andrews, by Letters Patent of the Date loth
'-''-Febrmry 15^3, to him and his Heirs whatfomever : This
Earl of Murray was Regent of Scotland, he carried thefame
quartered Arms, as his Predeceffor in that- Earldom ; he was
killedfn theTown of Linlithgow, and left behind him only
one Daughter Ifobel his Heft, who married James Stewart
Lord Dawn, who in: her Right was Earl of Murray, of
whom isddTcended the prefent Earl of Murray,, who carries
quarterly, i. the Arms of Scotland, wfthin a Border gabo- nated..

198 Of Feudnl Arms.  Chgp. XV.
nated Argent and Azur, as defcended from the Regent, 2.
Or, a Feft chequee Argent andAzur^ for 'Stewart of Down,
3. Argent i three Cufhions, within a double Treffure, counter
flowered Gules for the Earldom of Murray, and the Fourth
as Firft. Plate 6. Fig. 10. , ^ ;;
The old EailsotDouglafs, uponthe Pradice of marfhallihg
Arms, as I obferved before, began very foon to quarter the
Arms of other Families with their own, upon the Account
of Defcent and Dignity. )
Archibald Earl of Douglafs, upon his being dignified with
the Title oi Galloway, carried three Coats quarterly i.Azur
a Lion rampant Argent,being the Feudal Arms of Galloway^
of which before. Page 92. .,.:<j^
And when the principal Family of Douglafs were fome-;
times honoured with other Noble Feus, as Duke of Tour ain
in France, and wfth the Lordfliip of Annandale m Scotland
quartered the Arms of thefe Dignftfes with their own, thus,
quarterly i. Azur three Flower-de^liffs OryiorTourain.2, Dou-i
glafs. 3 . Azur three Stars Argent, for Murray LordBothwel,
4. Argent a Salter and chief Gules, for the Lordfliip of
Annandale, and fometimes they left out the Arms of Gah
hway, to a Branch of the Family, who were Earls of Gal"
loway, and thefe of tlie Family who were Loi'ds of Liddift
dale, quartered the Arpis of that Lordfhip, being Sable ja
Lion rampant Argent, with the paternal Coat of Dou^afs,
with the fi.iitable Brifures. - f
William the firft Earl of Douglafs, the Stem of many
Noble Famihes of that Name, by his three Wives,:, the firfi
Margaret Heirefs of Mar, of whom James Earl of Mar,
which Branch did not continue long, as before. Chap,; 7.
the fecond a Daughter of the Earl of March, of her eame
the Earls of Douglafs and Lords of Galloway, and their
Branches, and by the third Vv^ife Margaret Stewart, Daugh
ter and Heir of John Stezmrt Earl of Angus, was their Son
George the firft of the Douglaffes Earls of Angus, in Right of
his

Chap. XIV. Of Arms of Dominion. -- 199
his Mbther, he married Mary Daugher to King Robert IIL
flie bore to him^ James Earl of Angm, who carried, as by
our Books of Blazon and Seals, quarterly, ift. Gules a Lion
rampant Argent, for the Earidom of Angus, 2d. Douglafs,
but the Heart not enfigned with a Crown 3d Or,. a Feft
chequee Argent and Azur Jur mounted of a Bend Gules^ charged
with Buckles oj the firft, ior Stewart of Bunkelly 4. Or, a
Lion rampant Gules, furmounted of a bendlet Sable for Aber
nethy ; this Noble Family ofthe Earl of Angus carried fome
times the fame Coats of Arms otherwife marfhalled, on which,
various marfhalUng of Arms 1 cannot now infift, but give
you- the Arms of tbat Noble Family, as have been more
conftantly ufed, and is now carried by the Duke of Douglafr,
Quarterly i. Azur, a Lion rampant Argent for Galloway,,
(if the Field were Red it would be for the Earldom of Angt^)
2. Or, a Lion rampant Gules furmounted^.. a Bendlet Sable,
for Abernethy .3d.. Argent three Piles iffuing from- the chief
Gules, fox JViJharty as Ican learn and not tor the Loidfhip;
of Brichen, 4. Or, a Fefs chequee Argent und Azur fur--
mounted of a Bend Gules, charged with three Buckles aj the
firft, for Stewart of Buncketl, of which Family were the
Stewarts Earls ol Angus y over all by Way of Surtout the-
Arms oi Douglafsy the Heart enfigned with an imperial
Grown. . [Plated. Fig. ii.j
The Town and Barony of Montrofty carried Arms rela
tive to its Name, viz. Argent, a Rofe Gules, and from that:
"^arony David LordLindfay Earl oi Crawfordy was honoured
wfth the Title of Duke of Montroft, by King James IIL,
for which he placed thefe Arms by Way of Surtout over his
quartered Arms; this Title did not defcend to his Succeffors,.
fome fay that Dignity was granted to him but during Life,.
"others tell that he lofed it, being forfeited in the Minority
of King James IV. for continuing in Arms to revenge the
Death of King James III. however that Tftle of honour
was fti the Hands of King Jatnes IV. who created the
Barony

2 0b ' Of Feudal Arms. Chsfp. XV.
Baroriy of Montroft into a Earldom, in Favours of Willidifi
Lord Graham in the Year 1445, uppn which he^ and his
Succeffors Earls of Montroft, carried quarterly i..and'4.
Argent on a chief Sable three Efcalops Or, ior Graham, 2d and
5d Argent, three Rofes Gules, for the Title of Mow^^-o/^, now
carried by the prefent Duke of Montrofe.
The Arms of the Lordfhip bf Badewch, Or, three Liohs
Heads erafed Gules, as Arms beloriging to that Feu, are
now -quartered in the Atchievment of the Duke of Gordon ;
I fhall give a fhort Dedudion of the Defcent and Arms
of this Family. ,,
Gordons of That-ilk, an ancient Family in the Merft,
.carried, Azur, three Boars Heads couped Or. About the
End of the Reign of King Robert the Bruce; Sir Adaln
Gordon, Head of the Family, by the King's Favour, his
own-' Merit, and marrying with the Heireft of Strathbogy,
of the Name of Cuming, got great Poffeffions in the North,
¦and were defign'd Barons oi Strathbogy ; which failing iri a
Daughter, Elizabeth Gordon, flie being Minor, her Ward
and Marriage were in King Robert Ill's Hands, who defign'd
to have given her in Marriage to Sir John Seton Maimer oi
Seton, eldeft -Son of Sir William Lord Seton; but he being
married privately to a Daughter of the Houfe oi March,
fhe was given in Marriage by the King to his immediate
younger Brother, Alexander Seton, (as in the Manufcript
Hiftory 'of that Family.) There is a Charter in the Rotula
Roberti Ducis Albaniae, granted by that Duke, in the thitd
Year of his Government, to Alexander Seton, Sontb Sft
William Seton and his Wife EUzabeth Gordon, Daughter to
the deceaft Sir Adam Gordon, of the Larids and Baronies
of Huntly, Gordon, and other Lands lying within the She
riffdoms of Berwick and Aberdeen.
He had with his Lady Elizabeth, Alexander Seton, whb
fucceeded, and William Seton, who married the Heirefs of
Meldriimoi That-ilk, for which he and his Iffue the S^'ifo^j- of

Chap. XV. C^ Feudal Arms, ' aoi
pfi|^W>;«?»,, carrfed, quarterly, J ft and 4th, Or, three Cre
fcents .wtUiin. a double Trefture counterflowered Gules, for
Seto^ ; 2d and 3d,. Argent, a Demi-Ottar iffaing out of a Bar
waved Sable, for Meldrum, The male Reprefenter is Ro-
Jjert Seton, late Captain in the Regiment of the Scias
Guards. Plate 6. Fig, 12.
Alexander, the eldeft Son, kept the Sirname of Seton;
and fucceeded to his Father and Mother's Herftage, and
carried quarrterly, I fl. and ^th, Seton; 2.d and 3d, Gordon.
He was thrice marry'd, firft to Honor a Keith, onjy Daugh
ter of William Lord Keith, High Marifchal ofScotlandyand
his Lady Honora Frazer, Heirefs pf the Lord Frazer; which
Lady not being ferv'd Heft toherFather Lord Fmzijr, Alex
ander S^ton theM Lord Gordon, caufed ferve her Daughter
Honora Keith, his Wife, Heir to her Grandfather the Lord
Fm^er,:and in her Right clainied all the Lord Frazer's
Lands, which occafioneda litigious Plea between the Lord
'Keith and Lqrd Gordon, which could not conveniently be
';kjccommodate,. till both King and Pope interpofed for-, an
, {Agreement ; which Agreement is in the Regifter, called,
\.^f^unStamentum mter .Dominas de Keith ^;^ig Gordon, of
^th^Date the penult Day , of Odober 1442. by whkh there
Is a Partition of the Lord Fm^^r's Lands, of which the
ILord Gordon got with his Lady, Aboyne, Glentanouer,
Glenlevet, Ouny, and other Lands too long •^ here to infert;
{ind tho' Honora Keith died without Iffue, yet- the Lands
I continued wfth the Family, and the A<ms too of theLord-
'r fiiip of Pra.S^^, as Feudal ones, being, .Azur, five. Cinque-
\Ms, in Sfiltier Argent, tho' but commonly reprefented T&r^^
BOW in the Atchievment. . , r 1, >-*,
¦ Aiepcander Seton Lord. Gordony married fecondly, Giles
l^^jf. Daughter and Heirefs. of the Baron oi Enzie, fiie
bare' to him a.Spn.Alempder Seton, who got his Mother's
. ^herftance, tbe Lands of Touch and T/.'/^'c^j^, and his.Fa-
ler's l,an^§ ip tbe M^ft, and was the firft :Barpn of Touch
G c , of

202 Of'.Fmdal.Ams4 Chap. XV,'
of the Name of S^<tf», and from- him the -Family confeiniies
in a lineal Succeffipn to the prefent Arc^^^W Seton of Thuth,
The Barons of this Family, for their ^Valpur and Loyalty,
have fince King James III. continued Hereditary- Armour Bea
rers to our Kings, and havebeenaj ways in ufe to quartet
wfth the pateraal Arms of Seton„thefe. of Hay oi Enide;
Argent, three ¦Efeutcheons , Gules, Plate 6. Figure 13,
Alexander Seton Lord Gordon, was created Earl of
Huntly by King James the ; Third, the 17th Pf April
1449. And for his third Wife had JVIrt^c^^r^? Oicht&n,
Daughter to William Lord Crichton Cha«eellor of Scotland;
flie bare to him three Sons and as many Daughter's; George^
who fucceeded, Alexander tbe firft Laird of Abergeldy, and
Adam Dean of Caithnefs, Thefe three Sons left the Sir-
name of Seton, and were the firft of the Family- that took
on the Name of Gordon, which their Iffoe continued.
Alexander Earlof H«»it/)', for-defeating Alexander Earl of
Crawford, a Confederate of the Dot^laffes, and relieving
King James Il.from their Affaults, was rewarded by- that
King with the Lordfhip of Badenoch.
George fecond Earl of Huntly Lord Ba^noeh, elde^ Sofi
of the thftd Marriage of Alexander Earl of Huntly, took on
him -the Sirname of Gordon, and carried for Arms, quur-
terly, ift, AzUr, three Boars Heads couped Or, for Gordon 'i
2d, Or, three Lions Heads erafed Gulet, for Badenoch; 3d,'
Or, three Crefcents within' a double Treffure ' counterflowered
Gules, for Seton ; 4th, Azur, three Gnqu^oils Argent for
the Lord Frazer : Of this George fecond Earl of Huntly; is
lineally defcended the prefent Duke of Gordon^- who car
ries the fame Arms. Plate 6. Fig. i/^. ;
To come to a Clofe of this Chapter of Feudal Arm$i
I fliall only mention thefe ofthe Earldom of Arran, Lord-,
fliip of Lor», andof Orkney and Caithnefs, ancient Earldomsi
The Arms properly belonging to thefe Feus are, Ships;
Lymphads^ or Boats, the Emblems of their Inhabitants

¦^  .  m  i  .. J .- 
Chkp: XV. '  Of Feudal Arms, 20 j
Trade,'* and the -Sea-fervices which they're obliged to per
form to theft Sovereigns, by the i?e^^«^o'/ of the Charters
of thefe cA^oAfe Feus, asparffcularly that? of iLoy« of old, viz.
' Umm NavimVtginti Beinomn ft petmiir tempore Belli, nbe-
&^ obliged to fumifliii a-'Ship'of' Twenty .Oar«, for Sea-
fervicd in -Time of Vfav^ whehf eqtrired.' . ^
The ABftisof <he\f[e^oi Arrowy jArgem, a Ship with its
Sails thirle4 tup .Sable.- Kingjames III. ereded that Ifle into
an Earldom in Favours oi Thomas Boid, Son of Robert Lord
Bded High Chancellor of Scotland, who married Mary that
, King's Sifter. Whether he quartered; the v Arms of Arran
wfth his own Iknow raot, for he enjoy'd that Earldom but '
a fliort Time, i and died -abroad.. His Lady,. Mary, the
King's Sifter, ,was remarried^ on James Lord Hamilton; flie
bare James Lo^rd- Hamilton^ who obtain'd fi-oni King jf^^w^r
IV. the Ifle of /4rrd», andrWas created Earl thereof the 9th
of January 15-03. for which the Family fince has been in.
ufe' to ^quarter the Arms of /4r>'^«, as Feudal ones with
their own. ' Pto^ 3 . ' F?^. ^.v- '^u:. -uuxr-' \
The' Lordfliip of Lam's Amis are, Or, a Lymphad fan
old fafliioned iShip with one Maft) 5^^/^, with Flames of
'Fire iffidtig out of the Top - of -.the Maft, and from the fore
•amd^hinder Parts of the Ship, as by our old Paintings :and
Blazons, called 5^. Anthony'xF/r^. ' This Barony belong'd
anciently to one Maekdot^al,>'wh^ carry'd thefe Arms, arid
from him, by an Heftefs, came io-'one of the Name of
'Stewart, of the Family of Darnfy, whofe .Pofterity were
i>offeffors of Lomj till John Stewart was aeatedllord of
Lorn by King Jafnes IL 1445. and carry'd for Arms quar
terly, ift and 4th, thefe of^ Lorn, as above; 2d and 3d,
'Stewart, with a Garb in ch'ief Azur. Lord John had no
'lawful Sons, but a natural one, Dougal, Predeceflor of the
St^xArts of Aptn, and three Daughters;, who fhared his
lEflate ; Ifabel Stewart, married to CoUn Campbel Earl of
Argyle; Margaret^ to Sir John Campbel of -GUnorchy ; the
C c 2 thftd

204 Of Feudal Arms, Chap. KV.'
third Daughter to Archbald Campbil, the firft of the Ance-'
ftors of the Campbels of Ottar.
William Stewart of Imermeath, as Heir-male to John.
Stewart Lord Lorn, claimed the Lbrdfhip of Lor^, and
accordingly, as Heir-male, was feifed in the Lordfliip, 2 ift
of March 14^69. andin the Month of ATo'U^Wi^tf;'; the! fiime
Year, refigned that Lordfliip in King James Ill's Harids, ift
Favours of Colin Earl of Argyle, for which the Eari gave hiia,
other Lands, and he was created Lord J«»^rwfi'fli^i
Since which Time, the Earls of, Argyle and Lords of
Lorn, have quartered the Arms of the Lordfhip of Lor«,'
as before defcribed (without the Flames of Fire iffuing from
the Mafi) as Feudal Arms, with their own, thus, arid car
ry'd by his Grace the prefent Duke of Argyle, quarterly,
,aft and 4th, Gyronee of eight Pieces Or and Sabk; for Camp
bel; 2d and 3d, Argent, a Jjymphad (/'. ^. Ship) with Saih>
thirled up, and Oars in Action Sable. Plated. Fig. 15.
Sir John Campbel of Glenorchy, who married the other
Sifter Margaret; their Iffoe before, and fince, honoured with
the Title and Dignity of Earl of Broadalbin, quartered the
whole Bearing oi John Stewart Lord of Loy«, to fhew theft
Defcent from that Family, wfth theft paternal Arms, thus:
Quarterly, ift, Gyronee of eight Pieces Or and Sable, iot.
Campbel; 2d,. Argent, a Lymphad with her Sails thirled up^,
and Oars in Aition, Sable ; 3d, 'Or, a Fefs chequee Azur and
Argent, ior Stewart ot l^orn, and the4th Quarter as the ifl,.
""' 6, Fig. 16..

GHAPi

% elate, a urent

%TPNb/lneJcu^.

.IVK .XjialD

205'

C H A p.

of Arms of Tretenfwn.

PRET.ENSION is another Caufe of marflialling
Arms in one Shield, by thofe whb pretend a Right
to Sovereign Dpminioris and Feudal Dignitfes, tho'
poflefs'd by, others.
The" Kings of Spain, have been in ufe' to fhow their
Right of Pretenfibns to the Kingdoms of Portugal and Je-]
rujalem, tho' in the Pofleffibn of others, not only in ufirig
their Titfes intheir Stiles, but on their Seals and Enfigns, to.'
marfhar the.Arms of thbfe Kingdoms with their own. Upon
the fame, accbunt, -the" Dukes of Savoy have quartered the !
Arms.of the Kingdbm of Cyprtfs With their pwri,' and the
Englifh have, not beeti, wanting to do.fo withthefe of France,
of which befbre. '
r,^rwr of Pmi?«/?o», ought to be well founded, and back
ed yvith Force, tp make good their Rights of Pretenfions,
otherwife they may te ItSoked iipon as Arms of Uftirpationy.
Which have occafioned much Bloodlhed in Ea^ro/)^
Chriftian IIL King of Denmark, about .the Year 1545.
quartered the Arms oiSwede.fi, viz. Azur, three Crowns
Or., with his oWn, which gave Ground. of Jealoufy to the
$Wedes, to think, that the Danes, by ufUrpirig thofe Arms^
pre,f ended Right tp the Kingdpm of Ste;^^(?«, as Backmannus-
iiys,TanqUam infigniorumiftorum ufurpatipne, quoque jus ali-
amdin Regnum Swedix,Dani pratexerunt; fo that a bloody- ,Wai.,.

2o5 Of Arms of Pretenfion, Gha|). XVL
War broke out between thefe Nations. King Jamei VL of
5cof/fl«^ interpofed for a Peace ; he fent two Ambaffador^'
for that End,Sir JRobert Anfiruther, one of hi| Majefty's Privy-'
Chamber, to J)enmark, and'Sir 5''^;i!#f Spe-^ce of Woriaifion-;
to Swedtn: Thefe 'two Scots Knights brought thi^ twp
Kingdoms happily to a Peace, by Four Articles. One of
which relates to Arms, which I fliall here fet down, as in
Howe's Hiftory of England, by which we will know upon'
what account thefe two Kingdoms carry the three Crowns,
[Fhe Author's Words.
" Forafmuch as, both before, and after the Contrad of
" Stetin, there have been always aDiffentibri between thofi^
" Kingdoms, concerning the Arms with the three CrownS-l
" which the King of Sweden has thought to be the proper
*^ and peculiar Badge or armorial Figures of Sweden, but'
" we (the Ambaffadours) on-the contrary, judge them* to
" be a Token of Union, when the Kings of Denmark 'were
" chofen to be Kings of Sty^i^if^y and thefefbre they.belbhg;
*' of equal Right, to the Ufe of both Kingdoms, upon
" which we have iigreed the Gontroverfy, upon the Condi-
f ' tion. That all Difpute and Contention for thefe T&r^i,'
^•Crowns, fliall hereafter be abolimed, and neveir to rif6
*' again by the fucceeding Kings of Denmark and Sweden;
" but both of them fhall have free Liberty to ufe and enjoy
"perpetually, withbut Impediment, the laid Arms of tlie
''«^ Three Crowns, providing that the King.pf Denmark, and'
" his Succeffors, by ufing of them, iBill pretend no Right
."or Title over the Kingdoni of Sweden, but fliall ftaiid
"to the Renunciation made to that Purpofe, as contairi'd
" in the Articles ofthe Contrad of iSMJf'^. " '
Here, not only the Pretenfipns of the D^«i/7j Kings to'
Sweden were renounced, but the Arms of the Three Crowns
were declared the Badges oi the old Union of Denmark
Norway, and Sisoeden,
' " r ¦ ' The

-*-

XVI. Of Arms vf Pretenfim, 2 07
„. Jheltings of D^wwflsy^., amongft theft other Reafons of
^retendfog Right to the Superiority of the Gfty of Ham-
.mtrgbf has pn^thatthat Gfty had pn its publick Placesancfently
the Arms, of H^l^eip, being a P^rt of his i Efominionj 1?/?;.
Gules, a Nettle Stalk pfi three Leaves expanded, and on its
Middle, an Efcutcheon Argent, . as Beckmanus tells us. Inter
¦ rattones p^enfionis RegimDania in Civitatem Hamburgep-
¦fem, ««^ frnt^ad, Folium,UrtjcaprincipumFlolfaii2£. infigne
.fl tempare^. Chrifiiani tertii paffim urbis infignibus, in Curia
^partis, Sigillo publico ac Monet a, Sculpferunt, which being
the Arms ofthe Princes of Holftein, and the Kings of Den
mark, fucceedftig to them, have had a Pretenfion to that
City by Law, for Arms being fixed upon Moveables or
Immoveables prefume a Right of Property or Superiority to
thefe Things, but how far that Pretenfion will reach I leave
to Lawiers, .
The Swedes and Polanders engaged in a War, upon the
account of carrying the Arms of Sweden, which Segifmond
EU.- oiSwedeniifsdiaiier heiwas depofed, ;^nd, when eleded
King, of Poland, marfhalled twith with thefe . pf Pqlland,
tofeew, as it were, his R^htandjciyiiPpfffiffipn pfSa'f^ff«,
and natural one oi Poland: Which was fo hotly refented
by- the Swedes, that he was forced .to. come to an
Accomodation at the Treaty of Oliva, in the Year i602,
where he renounced his Right to Sweden,, fts Tftles and A/ms,
and that he fliould not ufe them in any Affairs and Letters to
that ^Kingdom, but, as being once their King, he had Liber
ty to ufe the. Title and Arms of Sweden in bis Writs to
pther F6reign States, Princes, and private Perfons, and
that in all Time coming after his Death, the Kings of PoU
land ihquld forbear the Tftles and Arms of Sweden,
As the Ufe of Arms- of Pretenfion has been troublefprne,.
fb the Omiifion of ufing fuch, has been no lefsprejudieial
to fome. It was objeded to Richard Duke of lorky when
he claimed the Grown of England, as Heir to Leonel Duke o£

'2o8_ . Of Arms of Pretenfion, Chap. XVt.
of C/^iK^w^, that he-did not -carry Clareffce his'* Arms,' as
Heir to the CrbWn;- he anfwer'dj'That he might have dofite
¦ it, but he^ forbbre them,- as' he did- dlfbthe Claim to the
Grown, which hemifs'd at that Time ; but he and his P^w
-fterfty were more^ careful to ufe them afterwards. *
The Dukes of An^oUy Who' were Titular Kings of Jeru-
' falem,- Sicily, Arragon, and Naples, quartered the Arms of
thefeDominionswiththeir own, upon the Head of Preten-
^fion ; and the Princes^of Orange have been in ufe to do the
like with the Arms of Geneva. Our Nobility in Scotlatd
have been in ufe' to mai*fhalthe Armsof digr^fy'dFeus with
-*their own, upon account of R/g'fe? of Pretenfion, as the
Lords Erskin upon their Pretenfion to the Earldom of Mar,.
fometimes quartered, the Armsof that Earldom with theft
'paternal ones, long before they attained to the Poffeflion of -
that Dignity, which are ftill quartered in the fifft Place be-
-*fore the Paternal, -as P?<j(f^: 7. iv^. i. ' u.)
'Malki'Graham; tho' he was deprived of the Earldom of
Strathern, and in place of it got the Earldom of Monteith,
¦yet he and his Succeffors Earls of Monteith, carried the
' Armorial Figures ofthe Earldom of Strathern, viz. Or, a
'Fefs chequee Azur and Argent, andin Chief a Cheveron Gules,
the Fi§;ure ' of Swathern, which he quartered with his Pa-
< ternal. Argent, On a Chief Gules, three Efcoiops Or, as always
pretending Right to that Earldom.
Sinclair Lord Sinclair, carries quarterly the Feudal Arms
of Orkney and Caithnefs, .with his p-d.tema\XZoit in Surtout,
for Arms of Pretenfion to thefe Earldoms, as being the li
neal Heir-male <if IVilliam laft Earl of Orkney, Zetland, a^d
Lord' Sinclair.
The Ancient and Noble Family of Seton Earl of TVinton,
f lave been in a conftant Ufe to quarter the Feudal Arms of
the Earldom of Buchan, upon the account of Defcent apd
' Pretenfion to that Earldom, fnice the Reign of King James
:n. -as lineal Heirs to John Earl pfB^cte High Conftable, of
France,

Chap. XVL Of Arms of Preienfion. 209
Franc^i fecoqd Son of ^(A.ert Duke of Albany, Governour
of 'Scotlimdy by Marriage and Defcent from L?kdy Jean
&tewart, only Daughter and Heft of the jfaid Jd}n Earl of
Buchan, vyho was Wife to George Lord Seton, Mother of
George Mafter ot Seton, who was Father of George Lord
Seton, 2d ol that Name, who renewed his Grandfather's
Claim to the Earldom ot Buchan, and the fucceeding Lords
of that Family have been in a conftant Pradice to marflial
with their own, thpfe of the Earldom of Buchan, upon the
Account forefaid j as alfo the fucceeding Noble Earls of
Winton, and Lords, of Seton^ <^c. have continued the fame,
with the Coat of Arms of general Conceffion in Surtout, and
of late impaled with that of fpecial Conceffion], before-men-
tioned, thus, as in Plate 7. Fig. 2. quarterly, ift and 4th,
•the paternal Coat of Seton, Or, three Crefcents within a
double Treffure flowered and counterflowered, with Flower-
de-lifes Gules ; 2d and 3d, Azur, three Garbs Or, for the
Earldom of Buchan, and over all an Inefcutcheon, parted
per Pale, Guks md Azur, on the firft, a Sword in pale pro
per, hiked and pomeled Or, fupporting an Imperial Crown of
the laft,, granted by King Robert the Bruce to the Family,
for their Bravery and Loyalty. On the ad, a blazon Star
¦«f nine Points Argent, all within a double Treffure, flowered
und counterflowered Or, .
The Arms of George Lord Seton, pne of the Knights-
'Companions of the ancient Order of the Ihiftle, are quar
tered with thofe of tlie Earldom of JBuchan', and furround-
^ as I obferved before, with the Collar of that Order,
' with the Badge of St. Andrew pendent ; which, with the
Sovereigns, are to be feen finely carved on the Boxing of
the Chimney of the magnificent Great Hall ofthe Houfe of
'Seton, done in the Minority of Queen Mary, about the
Year 1 547. The Collar being after the fame Form which
King James V. ufed round his Arms, yet to be feen on fe
veral pf his Palaces ; fo that the Pradice of furrounding
' - ' D d Shields

216 Of Arms of Pretenfion. Chap. XVL
Shields of Arms with Collars of the Thifile, by thefe In
ftances, was almoft as foon as that in England of the Garter;
for as I have obferved from the Englifh Heraulds, that
Henry VIII. was the firft that furrounded his Arms With the
principal Enfign of the Order of the Garter, (who Was co-
temporary with King James W.) and after, in Imitation of
him, the Knights-Companions came in ufe to do the like.
Asfor the Sword fuppoHing the Imperial Crown, it is to
be feen carved on feveral Parts of the old Buildings of the
Houfe of Seton, and in the old Paintings of the Family,
fuch as their genealogical Trees, and often the SWord is re
prefented as a General's Batton, iffuing out of two Hands
conjoirieciL fopporting an ancient Imperial Crown with Rays,
within a Tnangle and Cftcle interlaced, as a Devife, with
the Word Indiffolubile, and fo Pn the Banners, Standards
and Pennons, that were carried before Robert Lord
Seton, when he was folemnly created Earl of Winton,
1601. at Holy-rood-houfe, as the Cuftom then was in crea
ting of our Nobility, which with his Robes of Creation, and
comital Coronet cf Gold, I have frequently feen, and had in
my Hands. But more of the Honours of this Noble Family
at another Qceafiori.
And now I think, with Submiffion, I have folly treated
of the Caufes of marfhalling many Coats of Arms in one
Shield, and of the Practice, by Dimidiationy Impalement,
fingle gartering, £yartering, and Counter-quartering, with.
Surletouts, I fhall riow proceed to other Methods ofMar-
ftoalling, as I formerly propofed, and put an End to thas
Effay.

GHAP^

2X1

CHAP. XVII.
of other Methods of marfhal
ling Arms.

I Shall proceed here to treat of other Four Ways of mar
fhalling many GPats of Arms in one Shield, frequently
ufed in other Countries. And thefe are,
I. By Tranchee and Tailee Lines. 2. By furmounting
quartered Goats, not only with an Efcutcheon, called by the
French a Surletout, but with Le-tout-du-tout, and with
other Ordinaries, as the Pale, Fefs, and Crojs, dividing the
Quarters, and again furmounted with Efcutcheons. 3. By
tiercing and ingrafting ot Arms, which the French call Entee.
And 4. By a Divifion ofthe Shield into a Plurality of Areas,
.by many Partees and Coupee Lines. Which Four Ways, I
fliall fpeak to fti Order, and exemplify them by In-
ilances. Firfl then, a tjuartered Coat by tWO Lines, dividing the
.Shield from the right Angle mChieff tothe Left in Bafe, (^
^e contra, from the Left to the Right, diagonally, (which
Lines the French call, Franchee, Tailee, and'the Engliftj, Parted
per Saltier) into four equal conal Quarters, or Areas. Such
a Difpofition of Arms is not ordinary in Britain, yet fre
quent in other European Countries, as the well known Arms
oi Sicily, which I give for an Inftance here, are fo marflial-
ledj viz, Quarterly per Saltier, ift and 4tb, Or, four Pallets
Da Gules^

212 Of marfhalling Arms. Ghap. XVII
Gules, for Arragon ; 2d and 3d3 Argent, an Eagle difplay'd
Sable, beaked aud membred Gules, for Swabia. - The French
fay, Efcartele en Soutier; ift and 4th, D' Or, a quatre p'aux
de quenles , flanque d' Argent, a I' Aigle d' Sable, be^e et
membre de Gules. The L^in^s, as C?i^e//^,-blaz^- thus>
Scutum Oblique dextrorfum (^ fmiftrorjum fe^tum, in Jumm
dy imo Aureo, Palus quatergeminm miniatm. Plate' 7.
Fig. 3. ¦ " ¦ ' '¦,;^
There ttXe many other Goats of Arms tlius rifiarfhalled f «[»*
Saltier, in Germany and Italy, with which I fhall riot trpuble
my Reader at this Time, but recommend the' Curious to
Sylvefter Petra San^ta.
The fecond Way propofed of fmrmounting quartered Arms
with Inefcutcheons, by the French called, Surletout, and Le-
iout-du-iout, of the Inefcutcheon I have treat of before, be«g
Gidinarly after the Form of a triangular Shield; and I have
given an Example alfo of one, after the Form of a Ldzehgty.
in the Arms of the Princes of Maffa. Plate 4. Fig. 6.
Thefe Efcutcheons, or Sur-le-touts, as other Shields, are
fometimes parted, couped and quarteredy with divers Coats
of Arms, and thefe again furriaounted with another littfe
Efcutcheon,which the French call, L^-tout-dit-tout ; and after
this manner are feveral Goats of Arms marlhalled, as in the
Atchievment of the Princes ©f Orange of the Family bf
fiJaffau, thus quarterly, ift, AzUr, Semee of Billets, a Lion
rampant Or ^ fox Naffau ; zd. Or, ^_ Lion rampant guardant
Gules, crowned, langued and armedy Azur, for the County
of Catzellenbogen ; 3d, Gules, a Fefs Argent, for the Houfe
of Vianden; .4th, Giiles, two Leopards Or, Icingued and ar-
.fned Azur, for i>ietz ; over all an Efcutcheon, by way of
Surtout, qvarterly, ift and 4th, Gules, a Bend Or^ fbrC&^
ton; 2d and 3d, Or, a hunting Horn Azur virolee, andftrinr
ged Gnlcs, for the Prince Palatine of Orangey which
Efcutcheon is again furmounted of another, by way of
Le-tout'

Chap. XVIL Ofmarfl30ingArms. 213
Le-tout-du-tout; Cheque Or- and Azm of nine PointSy as a
Goat of Pretenfion to Gmeve, as Plate 7. Fig. 4.
As for the Ordinaries dividing the Quarters^ I fhall give
an Inftance^ : Thefe of the Dukes of Modena blazoned be
fore,' and cut in Plate 3. Fig. 14. and Ihall here add
thefe of the Dukes of Parma and Plaifance, thus:
Quarterly ift and 4th, Or, fix .Flower.-de-U[es Azur ; 3,2
and I, for Faraneze ; 2d and 3d, Gules, a Fefs Argent,
lor 'Auftria Modern, impaled (the French fay Parti) with
Bendee of fix Or and Azur within a Border Gules, for Bur
gundy Ancient, and dividing the Quarters, a Pale Gules,
charged with a Papal Gonfanon, furmounted with two Keys,
the one Or i, and the other Argent, as a Badge ofthe Office ot the
H^h Gonfalonier ofthe Church, and over all an Inefcutche
on by way of Surtout, the Arms of Portugal, Argent, five
Fnefcutfsheons placed crofs-ways Azur, each charged with five
Brants ArgeM, placed in Saltier and marked with a Point
Sable, all within a Border Gules , charged with feven Caftles
Or^ three in Chief, two in Flanks, and as many towards the
bafe Point. Plate 7. Fig. 5.
^ As for the hiftbrical Part of this Blazon, I fliall giye it
in fliort: The Territories of Parma and Plaifance, were
fong in the Poffeffion of the Church till the Pontificate of
Paul IIL of the Family of Faranefe; who made hisNephew
Peter Faraneft Duke of thefe Territories, in the Year 154J.
bnt his Succeffor Odavo, fecond Duke, being much difqui-
eted in the Poffeffion by the Emperor Charles V. he was
forced to marry Margaret, a natural Daughter of the Em
peror, Who eftabliflied him in the Sovereignty of the Duke
dom of Parma; and upon that account, the Dukes of that
Family quarter the Arms of Aufiria and Burgundy, And
«gain, Duke Octavo's Son and Heir, by marrying Mary^
Daughter of Edward Son of Emmanuel Kirig of Portugal,
placed tbe Arms of that Kingdom by way of Surtout, as
-Arms of Alliance and Pretenfion, The '-

2 14 Of viarfijalling. Arms, Chap. XVI&-
' The Princes of Mirandola in Baly have their '^ui^teved
Arms divided by a Fefs, aud ft again furmounted withiari
EfcutchePn thusi Quarterly i and 4 Or^ an Eagle difplayed
Sable crowned becked and tnembred of the Field 2 and 3.,
Barree of fix Pieces Argent and Azur furmounted of a Liom
Gules, armed langued and crowned Or, for Concorde, and
dividing thefe Q.uarers,-aFefs Gules furmounted of an
Eftittcheon of the Arms of the Family of Pico, and all thefe
again enfigried with a Chief of the Empire, viz. Or, a
double Eagle' difplayed Sable crowned Or, as Arms of Patro-.
nage ofthe Empire. \Pag. 7. Fig. 6.] •
As for a Crofs, dividing the four Qyarters, I lhalLgive
two Inftances at Home, the firft, by the Sinclair s Earls of
Caithnefs, whofe paternal Coat is Argent a Croft ingrailed
Sable; I have Ihewed before, that feveral Noble Feus with
us, that lay near the Sea, carried Ships or Lymphads; as
thefe before of the Earldom of Arran and Lordfhip of Lorn,
as alfo do the Countries of Orkney and Caithnefs.
Sir Henry de Saint Clare was created Earl of Orkney, his
Son or Grand-fon Henry de Saint Clare, married Giles
Dauglaft Daughter to William Lord Nithf/hte, and his Wife
Egidia Daughter to King Robert 11. wfth whom he had the
Lordfliip of Nithfdale, but his Succeffors exchanged it wfth
King James II. for the Earldom of C/:?ft/b»^/}, he carried quar
terly I. Azur a Ship within a double Treffure counter-flowered
Or, 2. Argent a Crofs ingrailed Sable, 3. fecond and fourth
as the firft. His Succcifor- William Earl of Orkney and Lord
Sinclair and Zetland, married fftft Elizabeth Daughter to
Archibald Earl of Douglafs, fhe bore to him a Son William,
fecondly he married M«yjor)f Daughter to Alexander Mafter of
Sutherland, fhe bore feveral Children to him, Oliver) Sinclair
Laird of jRoyZ/«^, and William who was afterwards Earlof Caith
nefs. Theft Father William Earl of Orkney was either for
feited or forced to refign that Earldom, which was annexed
(to the Crown. Henry Sinclair eldeft Son of William before-
mentioned.

Ghap. XVIL Of marfhalling Arms. 215
iriaentioned,^ eldeft Son of WiUiam Earl of Orkney, and his
Wife Elizabeth Douglafs, was created a Lord of Parliament
by the Title of Lord Sinclair by King James IV. he and
his Succeffors have been in ufe to carry quarteriy i. and 4.
jiziir a Ship at Anchor her Oars ereSi in Saltier within. a
double Treffure counter-flowered Or, 2 and 3 . Azur, a Ship
under Sail Or, as defcended of the Sinclafts Earls of Orkney
and Caithnefs, over all an Inefcutcheon Argent a Crofs.. in
grailed Sable.
Williatn Sinclair, fecond Son of William Earl of Orkney
Lord Sinclair and Zetland, and his fecond Wife Marjory
Daughter of the Mafter of Sutherland, was ci-eated Earl of
Caithnefs by King James III. after the Death of George
Crighton Earl of Caithnefs, Ihave feen a Charter ©f this Eaii's
(in the Elands of WiUiam Wilfon one oi the Under-Cferksof
the Seifion, and Keeper of the Regalia of Scotland — —
a true Scotjmany and a Perfon of great Integrity )
with the Gonfent of his Brothers and Sifters, to their Bro
ther David Stnclair, ol the Lands of Swinburgh,- in the
Lordfhip of Zetland, dated at Edinburgh the Third of
December 1498, to which their Seals" were appended, that
of William Eatl of Caithnefs, had his Shield of Arms quar
terly I. and 4. a Ship under Sail for Caithnefs 2. and. 3, a
Lion Rampant and a Crofs engrdil'd, dividing the
garters, which Shield of Arms was tinibred with aHelmet
enfigned wfth a Ftower-rde-Lis, ior the Creft fupported on
the right Side by a Griffin,.&nd on -tbe left by a Lion, .and
round the ^al, S. WiUielmi Comitis Cathani^, here, he had
not the Arms of Orkney, but the Lion for the Name of Sp^r,
who are faid to have been Earls of Orkney of old, but our
Books of Blazon gwe for Arms to the, Earls of Caithnefs
Quarterly i* Azur a.Ship at Anchor her Oar ser e6t in Saltier
within a double Treffure counter-flowered Or, for Orkney
a, and 5. Or, a Lion rampant Gules for theNameof S/^^y;
4tb, Azur, aSUp under Sail for the Title of .Caithnefs, and
over.

2 1 (5 Of marfhalling. Ams.  Chap., XVIL
overall, dividing the Four Quarters, a Crofs ingrailed Sable,
for the Uame of Sinclair, as in Platje 7. Fig. J. j.
The other Inftance is that bf Ogilvy of Boin, who makes
the Oofs ingrailed oi Sinclair divide his quartered Coat&thus,
ift and4thj Argent, a Lion paffant guardant Gules, crowned
Or, for Ogilvy ; 2d and 3d, Argent, three Crefcents Gules, fc^r
Edmundfton, over all dividing the Quarters by a Crofts in
grailed Sable, as a younger Son of Ogilvy of Finlater, whp
quarters the Arms of Sinclair, for marrying an Heirefs of
that Name. Walter Ogilvy Laird of Boin, married Mar
garet, fecond Daughter and Co-heirefs' of Edmundfton- qf
That-ilk, and got with her the Lands of Tulliallan, which;
he excarabed with his Wfte's Sifter Elizabeth Edmundfton,
and ber Husband Patrick Blackader, for the Thanedom of
Boin, as in tl#;..Charter of Excambion, dated at Glajgow
the 2 5thof F^Wflyyi4§4. and confirmed by King James III.
the fariie "Year, of whom is lineally defcended the prefent
Ogilvy of Boin, who carries the abPve Blazon. Plate 7. Fig. 8.
The ihird Way of multiplying many Coats Pf Arms in
one Shield, as I have laid down, is by Tiercing and Ingraft
ing, by the French, Entee & Sousletout Entee. For fuitable
Examples of Arms fo marihalfed, I muft go to foreign Na
tions, and efpecially to thefe of the Counts of Flanders and
Dukes of Burgundy, of whom I have before fpoke, and
given the Arms of Charles the Bold T>uke of Burgundy^ and
¦Earl of Flanders. Plate 16. Fig. i. 
Mary, the Daughter and Heir of Charles the Bold, was
married to Maximilian Archduke of Auftria, Spn of the
Emperor Frederick III. he marfhalled the Arms of his Ter
ritories wfth thefe of his Wife's, thus blazoned; Quarterly,
irft, Auftria Ancient, Azur, five Lmks\Or, 2, 2 and i,
Parti ;impaS.ed with Aufiria Modern, Gules, a Feft Argent;
3d Quarter, Tierced in Pale, tOi, Bkr gundy Modern, Arw,
thee Flower-di-Ufes Or, within a Border componee Ar^t
and Azur; 2d, Bm^ndy Ancient, Bendy of fix Pieces At'^: and

Chap. XVlL Of marfhalling Arms. 217
and Or, within a Border Gules; 3d, Brabant, Sable, a Lion
rampant or armed, and langued Gules ; (or thus, as the' French
fay. Burgundy Modern, parti with Burgundy Ancient, r^par-
ti with Brabant, the Figures of thefe Territories I have bla
zoned before) 3d Quarter tierced in pale, 1. Styria, Vert, a -
Griffon rampant Argent, without Wings, vomiting Fire ; 2.
Auftria modern, impaled with Or, three Leopards Sable; which
two make up the Arms of Corinthia, a Dukedom ia Germany.
^.Carniola, a County oiNoricum, Argent, an Eagle difplay'd,
Azm, beaked and membred Gules, on his Breafi a Crefcent
chequee of twoTrads Argent and Gules; 4. Grand-quarter
tierced in pale. Burgundy Ancient, parti with Limburg, and
reparti wfth Brabant, and over all thefe Quarters an Ine'jcut-
cheon, the Arms of Flanders, Or, a Lion rampant Sable-, im
paled with thefe of- Tyro/, Argent an Eagle difplay'd Gules,
crowned, beaked, and membred Or, on his Breaft a Crefcent
flowerieof the lafl. Oliverim Vredim gives us the Blazon of
Maxiinilian the Archduke of Auftria, in his Treatife, De
Sigillis Comitum Flandriaj. , Plate 7. Fig. 9.
Philip tiie Fair, Son of Maximilian, carried the fame
Arms. till he married Joanna, only Daughter and Heir of
Ferdinand andElizabeth King andClueen of Spain: He and
his Wife were declared King and Queen of Spain, 1504. and
on his Imperial Seal his Arms were thus marflialled.; quarter
ly, I. Grand-quarter quarterly, ift and 4th, Caftile and
Leans; 2d and 3d, Leans parti with Arragon, and reparti,
with Sicily Arragon, (^Sicily Arragon s Arms, are Plate 7.
Fi§s' 3') Thefe were the Arms of Ferdinand and Elizabeth
King and Qiieen of Spain, Father and Mother of Joanna'^
thefe being preferred in the firft Place, tho' they belonged
to Joanna the Wife, in refped they are the Enfigns of more
ancient and honourable Dominions than thofe of Philip the
Husband, thus: 2d Grarid-quarter quarterly, ift, Aufiria
Modern; 2d, Burgundy Modern; 3d, Burgundy Ancient i
itth, Brabant, Thefe were Philip's Arms as Archduke of
^ ¦ - - - E 5 ' ' Auft^ia^

218 Of marflialled Arms, Chap.^XVlf.
Auftria, and Duke of Burgundy: The 3d Grand-qiiarter as
2d, and the 4th as ift. And over all, by way of S^r-Je-
tout, Flanders, parti with Tyrol, the Shield of Arms fur
rounded wfth the Collar of the Golden-Fleece, and timbred
with two forefianding Helmets adorned with Mantlings, and
enfigned with open Crowns, (the CroWn of Spain was not
then reprefent^ed on Seals, arched) out of the Crown on
the right Hand iffued a Cafile, the Creft of Spain, and but
of the other Crown a Peacock's Train, the Creft pf Aufiria,
and the Supporters two X«ow/. King Philip ufed the fame
Shield of Arms placed on the Deck of a Ship,, on his Seals
which he ufed to append to his Commiilons and Patentis tP
the States of Holland.
Charles the Son of Philip and Joanna, being King of Spainy
carried the fame. Arms marfhalled as his Father, adorned
with an arched Crown, in the Year 15 18. Upon his Pre
tenfion to, the Kjsigdom of Jerufalem, he marfhalled the
Arms of that Kingdom, being. Argent, a Crofs potent counter-
potent, betwixt four Crofiets Or, with his own : He had his
Arms otherwife marfhalled than thofe of his Fathers be
fore, for which fee Olivarim Vredim's GoUedibris'; and
when he came to be Emperor after the Death of his Grand
father Maximilian, he placed his Shield of Arrns on the
Breaft of the Imperial double Eagle difplay'd. ,
Left I fwell the Book far beypnd the defigned Bulkj^ I
muft pafs over the.different Ways m marfhalling the Arms
of Spain with other Countries, and recommend the Curipus
to Olivarim Vredim, De Sigillis Comitum Flandrise, and fhall
add here the Blazon of the Arms of Philip IV. of Spain,
whofe Form of Marfhalling has moft generally been ufed,
as an Inftance of Grafted Arms, by the French called Entee
enpointe, as in Plate j. Fig. 10, Parted per Feff (the
French fay Coupee) in Chief, ift, Caftile and Leon quarterly;
2d, Arragon impaled {Party with the French) with Arr agon-
Sicily (as before blazoned) grafted between the laft Twp; as
the

Ghap. XVIL Of mdrjhalling Arms, 219
the F^-^^c^ fay, E«?^tf en point e. Argent, a Pomegranate
Gules Jeeded Or, fialked and leaved Vert, for Granada in
Spain ; over all by way of Sur-le-tout, the Arms of the
Kingdom of. Portugal before blazoned, as Arms of Preten
fion. And in Bafe of the Shield, quarterly, ift, Auftria
Modern; 2dy .Burgundy Modern ; 3d, Burgundy Ancient;
and 4th, Brabant, and oyer thefe Qiiarters another Inef
cutcheon, by way of Surtout, the Arms of Flanders, impa
led Withthe Arnis ofthe Marquifate of Anvers, being A**-
gent, an Eagle difplay'd Gules, By the Index the Reader
will be direded to the Blazons bf thofe Territories, for I
cannot properly repeat them fo often as they occur.
For another Inftance of grafted Arms by way ot Entee,
as tlje French fay, I fhall give thefe of Charles Emmanuel,
.the fecond Duke of Savoy, and Prince of Piedmont, which
are quarterly, ift. Grand-quarter counter-quartered, ift,
Jerufalem, {as a Coat of Pretenfion to that Kingdbm) 2d,
,tfac Arms ofthe Country oi Lufignan, Barry of ten Pieces
[Argent and Azur, furmounted.of a Lion Gules, armed lan^
gued and crowned Or; ^d. Or, a Lion rampant Gules, for
Armenia; j^th,. Argent, a Lion Gules, with a double Tail in
SaJ,tier, for Luxambourg. Thefe four Quarters are the Im
perial Enfigus of the Kingdom of Cypr'm, ufed by the
Dukes of Savoy, as Titular Kings of Cyprm, fince they mar-
tied the Daughter of Janm de Lufignan King of Cyprm,
.Second Grand-quarter, G«/^/, a Horfe falient contumee Ar-
fgeni, (that is, turned to the Left) impaled with Saxony,
Barry of eight Pieces furmounted of a Cranftlenin Bend finopky
' &nd grafted by way of Entee, between thefe Qiiarters in
"poinie., the Arms of the Country of Angria, being. Argent,
three -Bputerolls (i.e. old faflioned Crampets of Swords)
" t^ules. This .Quarter is to fliow the original Defcent ofthe
' Princes of Savoy, from the Princely Familfes of Saxony An
cient and Modern, and Angria. Third Grand-quarter, Ar-
.eents Semee of Billets Sable, a Lion of the fame, armed and
.^ » ¦ > £^2 ,v langued

2 20 Of marfiialling Arms. Chap. XVIL
langued Gules, for Chabtais, Party with Sable a Lion Argent ^
armed and langued Gules, for the Country of Aoufte. Fourth
Grand-quarter, Five Points Or, Equipoles - to four Azm:i;
(otherwife blazoned thus) Chequee of nine Points Or and
Azur, for Geneve; Party with Argent a chief Gules; ior
Montferrat, and over all thefe Quarters, by way of SurtoUt^
the Armsof Savo^, Gules, a Crofs Argent; which fome lay
is the Crofs of St. John of Jerufalem, given to Efme oi
Savoy by the Knights of that Order, in Commemoration of
his great Valour, in the relieving the Ifland of Rhodes from
the Affaults ot the Turks, with the Motto, Pert, being the
Anagram of the Saying, Fortitudo ejus Rhodem tenuit: Plate
7. Fig. II. ¦ :
The Fourth Method prpppfed of marfhalling Arms, by
dividing the Shield into a Plurahty of Areas or £uarters, by
many Party and Coupee Lines,- vvhere as many Arriis (as are
thought fit, may be regularly difpofed, as on the Areas oia^
chequer Broad, divided by horizontal and perpendicular Lines.
The Princes ot Germany, for the moft part, marfhal their
many Coats of Arms after this Manner : The Dukes of
Saxony, Eledors in the Empire, have been in ufe to have
theft Shields of Arriis by two party Lines, and fv& coupee
ones, which make 21 .^r^'/^, filled with different Goats of
Arms ; others, have their Shields divided' with more party
and coupee Lines, as Jacob Will Imhoff, in his Blazons of
the Atehievments of the Princes of theEmpire,. whichl
cannot here infift upon; but however I fhall add one or
two Eamples.
The Arms of Mary of Lorrain, Daughter of Claude Duke
of Guife, a Son of the Duke of Lorrain, Queen to Kirig
James Y. of Scotla?id, and Mother of Mary Queen-of5cor-
land, carried the Arms of Lorrain impaled with the Arms
ot Scotland, on feveral Places yet to be feen in the King
dom, and which are excellently emboffed and illuminate on
a., HaU in the Houfe of Seton, being-coupee orie, party three,
whichl

Ghap. XVII. Of marfhalling Arms. 221
which make eight Areas. Sonle begin the Blazon, faying,
Fbur Coats in Chief, and as many in Bafe ; but that Way-
does- not ditfindlyffiow how thefe are difpofed, therefore
others fay more diftindly, Coupee one, Party three ; i ft, Ba-
ree of eight Pieces jjrgentnnd Gules, for Hungary. 2d, Azur y
Semee of Flower-de-lijes, a Lambel of three Points Gules, for
Naples.:- 3d;, The Armsof Jerufalem, arid the ^thfAfragon..-
Thefe Four Sovereign Bearings, as Coats of Alliance arid
Pretenfion, are placed in the upper Part of the Shield above
other Four of leffer Dignity. 5 th, The Arms ot AnjoUy
Azur, three plower-de-lifes Or , within a Border Guks. 6th,
The Arms -of Guelder s, Azur. a- Lion contumee Or ^ armed
and langued Gules. 7th, The Arms of Juliersy Or, a Lidn^
Sable crowned, armed and langued Gules, and in the eight
Area, the Arms ot the County Bar, Azur, Semee of crofs
Croftets fitched Ory two Bar Fifhes haUrient addoffe- ofthe lafi r
and over all, in the Centre of the Shield,, by way of Sur
letout, the Arms of the Dukedom of Lorraiw, Or, on a Bend
GuleS, three Allerions Argent. , AH wliich were impaled with
thefe of 'Scotland. Plate 7. Fig. 13;
The Royal Arms; in the Shield' of D^'w^^r^V are marfhal
led by two coupee and three ^dr/)' Lines, dividing theShield
into Twelve Areas, or Qiiarters. The ift. Or,- Semee of
Hearts Gules, three. Lions paffant guardant Azm, crowned^
armedand langued of the firft, for Denmark; 2d, Gules, a
Lion crowned Or, holdim a Battle^ax Argent ^Joafted of the
2d; for Norway ; 3d,, Gulef-;. nme Hearts- Bar-ways, 3, 3,
and 3, a Lion paffant' Or; for Gothland;' 4th, Gides, a
'T)ra<^on crovoned Or, for Selavi; ^th^ Azur, three ancient
Crowns Or, two and onCy the Enfign oi the Union of the
Kin^oms^ of D'enmark, Sweden and Norway, of which
beifore.; 5th, Gules, a:Lamb paffant Argent, carrying a little
B'anner marked with a Crofs of the firft, ior -Goth land; 7th5
Or; two Lions paffant Azur, for. Skjzmck'; ^ 8th, Guks, a
Fifh':ere6t and -crowned proper, for Ifeland, . Over thefe Eight
Qiiarters

2 22 Of marfhalling Arms. ' Chap. XVII
, , i ' ¦ ' ¦ '-  Jl  — :: — . .. , , — .
Quarters is a plain -Crofs' Argent, the ancient Enfign of the
Kingdom, which King Valdimore IL is faid to have receiyed,
marked on a red Banner from Heaven, upon his embracing
the Chriftian Faith ; and upon the Middle of this Crofs is
placed an Inefcutcheon, Gules, charged with a Chevalier on
Horfeback, armed at aU Parts, brandijhing a Sword Argent,
for the Country of Dethmars, 9th, Gules, a Nettle of
three Leaves expanded, and on itsJ^iddle an Inefcutcheo^
Argent, for the Country of Hc^««, lotb, Gutes, a Swan
Argent, collared with an open Crown Or, for the Country of
Sfarmarie.. nth. Gules, two Bars Or, for D,elm,enhor,ftx
And the 12th, Gules, a Croft patee Argent, fitched in Fields
for Oldenburg. Plate 7. Fig. -12. , ,/
This Way of marfhalling Arms by many Partee and
Coupy Lines, its firft Pradice in England began in the Reign
¦©f Edward IV- and was much followed thereafter, of
which immediately ; Its Ufe did not appear vyith us till after
King James Vl's Acceffion to.the Grown of England, and
that but very rare, by the Bearings of fome £»^///2»/«^« whom
he honoured With Titles of Dignity in Scotland, as Sir
Richard Graham of Netherby in Cumberland Baronet, was
honoured with the Dignity of Lord Vifcount of Prpftounin
'Scotland by King James VL his Shield of. Arms, as. in
Guillim's I>ifplay, is Coupee one Party two, which make fix
Arr e as, iff Or, a chief Sable charged with three. EJcaUaps fif
the firfty 2d Or, a Feft checquee Azur and, Argent and in .Chi^
a Cheveron Gules;th^[e twcLzre the Armsof Graham Earls d
Monteith, of whom Sir i?/cW^ is faid to be defcended; 3d
Azur fix Amulets Or, 2, 2, and 1. ^th Argent on a bend Sable
three Owls of the firft ph Argent a Croft Gutes fretted, Or,
6th Argent on a bend Azur fix Flower-de-Liftes Or 2, 2,
md 2, \Platej.F.g.i/\..\ AsalfoSirHmyyC^yy)' Vifcount of
Falkland, he, and his Son after him Lucius Carry, ,\who was
one of the principal Secretaries to King Charles I. had their
'Shields divided by Four Co«^;i and Six Partee Lines,, wbith make

Chap. XVIL Of marftialliHg Arms. 223
make 34 different Arif^^^- filled up withdifferent Coats of
Arms, as in MivPo«?'s Manufcript of Blazons of the Nobi
lity of Scotland; and there alfo Henry Lord Conftable of
HalJhamin the County of Huldemefs, was by Letters Patent
of King James YL^dated at Rich?nond in England the 27th
July 1621 made LordVifcourit of Dumbar in Scotland, he
Was defcended ariciently of one Conftabk, Who married the
Daughter and Heir of Fulk de Or ay, an EngliJ} Baron, whole
Arms (as Sandford obferves) we're thefe of the Name of
Conftable as defcended from him, carry for their proper ones,
Barrie cf fix Pieces Or and Azur, and the Vifcount mar
fhalled the>n as fuch, with others in his Shield of Arms, by
Way of Coupee two Partee four, ^ which makes 15 Areas
the Armsof Oj/ry as theft proper ones in the firft Place, the
other 14 following, whicfi I cannut here add for want of
Room. {Plate -J. Fig. lo."]
By our ancient and prefent Pradice the Number of mar
flialled Arms do not exceed fix or eight Quarters at moft,
ahdf hefe are upon the warrantable Grounds and Reafons
before-mentioned ; the Germans have Twenty -or Thirty
different Gbats, accumulate in one Shield, upon the Account
of their many Territories and Feus, (befides other Reafons
for Toiarlhallirig other Amis) to fhow how many Votes they
have' in the Circles of the Empire, and fo difplay the Arms
"of thefe Feus with their other ones : And befides the younger
Sons by theft Cuftom fliare with the eldeft Son in the Digni
ty and Titfes of Honour of the Family, 'upon which Ac-
*courit there is a Ground for an Accumulation of Arms.
; The French come not that Length with the Germans in
having fo many Goats of Arms marfhalled in one Shield,
their Feus not beirig fb many, nor fo free, andthe Succeffiojo
of thefe Dignities belongs to the eldeft Son and Heir, yet
fbme will have a Plurahty of them marlhalled with their
own Arms, upon the Reafons of marfhalling in the former
Chapters, and ft Coats of Arms fhould be marfhalled merely upon

3 24 Of marfloalllng Arms. Chap. XVII
upon Account of Defcent from other .Families by the Mo-
therrfide, who were not Heirefles nor Reprefentativesof fucli
Families, fuch a Shield with fuch a Coat of Arms they call
a .Genealogical Pennon, and look not upon them as proper
.and formal Armorial Bearings.
The Englifh have many fuch Genealogical Pennons given
.us of Noble Families inEngland, in that "Treatife of Honours
Military and Civil, added .to Guillim's Difplay of Herauldry,
fome of which are but a Heap of maternal Defcents, who
have no Right to carry the Arms of thefe Families of which
their Mothers and Grand-mothers were neither Heireffes nor
-Reprefentatives, and fo cannot be marfhalled and tranfmitted
to Poftei-ity as Formal Arms., but are lopk'd upon as a Piece of
•maternal Genealogy^ the firft Beginning of this I^radiee in
England was in the Reign of EdwardlV. who fell in Love
with Elizabeth Wjodvill Daughter of Sir Richard Woodvill,
.and V^^idow of Sir John Grayoi Groby, Whom he married,
to aggrandife and qualify her for the Royal Enfign and
Bed, flie was allow'd to marfhall the Arms of her maternal
Defcent, being more Noble than her .paternal, by Coupee one^
Partee two, as Sandford in his Genealogical Hiftory of the
Kings of England, Pag. 385. where he gives the Arms of
Queen Elizabeth quarterly of fix Pieces, which he blazons
by his tmarginal Notes on that Page, and fays, "Thus
*' were thefe feveral Goats marfhalled, the Illuftrious Nobi-
" lity of hermaternal Defcent, (and impaled in the Royal
" Efcutcheonwfth tbcfe of King Edward IV. who -was the
'^ firftof all our Kings that married his Subjed) in Imitation
** of which many afterwards did the like, which fo increafed,;
" that of late fome have packed near an Hundred Goats in
" one Shield. I amof 'Opinion that thefe cannot be properly
called Armorial Bearings, but Genealogical Pennons, or
fome other Strudure or Piece of Genealogy. But more
afterwards of Genealogical Pennons, Proofs and Branches of
diuc Nobility, theft proper Ufe and regular Difpofition.
FINIS.

A N

Alphabetical INDEX,

Explaining the Terms
'in this^Efaj/. A.
ACCOLEE, is in Blazon
taken in three differeqi^t
Senfes ; ift. When two
fhihgs are join'd together, &s
two Shields divided at the
Flanks, are faid to he Accolee, for
which fee Page 62. and Plate 1.
Fig. 16. lily, Accolee is faid of
Lions, Dogs, and other Ani
mals, which have Collars or
Crowns about their Necks, as
the Lion in the Arms of the
Name of Ogilvy : The Englijh
oirdirtsrly fay, Collared ox Gorged
witKan open th-own^ 3^/y, Tlje _
pYcnch an<i others, iiialtv. ofc-of
the Terra Accolei, when two '
Keys, Battens, Maces, Swords,
&c. are joined Sdkier-yf a.ys be
hind the Shield.
Accompanied, or Acconipagnee,is
ufed in place of the EngUJh
W.ord Between, or Betwixt, when
the Ordinaries, as Feft^ Cheve-
4fn, -or other obfong Things^

of HERAULDRY

arc placed bttwixt fmall Fi
gures, fuch as Crefcents, Stars,
Buckles, &c.
Addcffee, is faid df all Things
that are turned Back to Back in
one Shield or Qiiartcr, having
Face and Back, as t-v^o Keys,
their Work turned out from one
another, as Plate 3. Fig. 14.
Afirontee, juft . contrary to
Addoffee, when two Tilings are
placed Face to Face.
Allerions, are Eagles difplay'd,
without Beak and Feet, as in
the Arms of Lorrain, Plate 7.
Fig. ij. ¦ ,
Agent, i.e. Silver, or White,
one n( triic two Metals , in He
rauldry ; in Talidouce, blank.
-Armed, is faid of rapacious
Creatures that hay? Teeth,
Claws, Beaks and Talons, ot
different Tindture from their
Bodies, as Lions, Bears, Eagle^
¦Arrachee, or Erafed, is faid df
Things torn off, or up, out of
F f t\x

The Terms of Herauldrtt Explain' d.

the Grotind by Force, with
Targats and Roots hangiiig at
the Things, as the Heads of,
Beafts plucked off by Force arc
faid to be Arrachee, or Erafed,
as the Boar-heads, in Plate 3 .
pig, p. when Trees are palled
up by the Root, they are faid
to be Arrachee, or Eradicate..
Az,ur, a blue Colour, in He-
rauldiy, and is known in Tali-
douce by horii,mtal Hatches, as
the Field of the Fig, i a. Phti i .
B.
BAr, is a Diminutive of the
Feft, which poffcflfes the
third middle Part of the Field
horizontally ; the Bar only the
fifth or fixth Part. The French
call it a Feft en devtfte, as that
in the Arms of Seton.oi Meldrum,
Plate 6. Fig. 1 2. There may be
many Bars in one Coat, as
Plate z^. Fig. I. und Plate J. I^g:
13, when the Field is fiU'd
cqyally of Pieces of Metal and
Colour Bar-wzys, then we fay,
B,arree of fo maay^^ieces, being
ajways of an equafTsrinnbcr:
The Ftench fay, Burrulee.
Baft, is the lower Part ofthe
Shield. Batton, the Diminutive pf
the Bendlet^ the Diminutive of
the Bend, fometimes called a
Rfbbon, which paffes from the,
right chief Angle of;thc Shield,
itQ the finifter bafe Angle, as

that one, which brufeatheEfe^
of Abernethy, in the ArfnSo£:;the
Dlike of Douglafs. If it ipror
ceed-from the left chief Angle
to the i-ight bafe Angle, 'tis
then a Bat fm finifier, aM&kof
Illegitimation ; and. foxnetiincs
it is made fliort not touching
the Angles, but diagonallyi fi4
tuate from Left to Right, ^nd
called then Battm pene, a.s Plate
2. Fig. 9. .. it
Bend, poffeffes the third
middle Part of the Field dia
gonally from. Right to Left, and
reprefetits the Ihouldcr Beltj
Phte^. Fig. I, 13, and 14. and
when from Left to Right, it is
a Bend finifier, which the JR-wc/S
calls a Bair, and when there arc
more of thetn than one, they arc
call'd Bendlets, as Plate 2. Fig.
2. andwhenthc Shield is filled
with a Plurality; of thejn, 'tis
blazon'd, Bend^ of fo many.
Bez^ants, arc round Pieces ol
Gold, and when the Fields is
charged with many of them, 01
any Figure, as the .Ser^ir/', they
arg. .f^jjll then x(xbe.Bez.aMee^ ^as
Plate 2. Fig. 1.
Billet, is a Figure fqijare, but
oblong like a Brick, as in the
Armsof the Earl of Lii§Iithgowi
Plate 4. Fig^ I, and when the
Field is filled with them 'tis
faid tQ be Billetee, ot Skmee oj
Billets, Plate/j. Ftg. 4. ,
Border, goes rpund the Ex-
trcmi.ti^§ of the Shield, or a
QuaKct

The Terras <?/ Herauldry Explain' d.

Qoarter' marflialled with other
Gui»tsof Arms, us Plate i. Eg.
6'.o- Tho* the Bm^der, as I obfer-
vo<fe( before, with the Englijh,
cedes to Impalement, but with
the Freach and other Nations, it
centinues, as Fig. 2. Plate %.
Bouterols,- are old fafhioned
Crampets of Scabards of Broad-
fwords, Plate J. Fig. 11.
yEurr<eke, the fame with Barry
0f ten Pieces.

CAbofed, or Caiechei, comes
from the Prench Word Ca-
boch, which fignifies a Head,
and is' a Term ufed for the
Heads of Beafls which fhow
a full Face, and nothing of the
Neck, Canton, is a fquare Figure,
nmeh lefs than a Quarter, and
poffeffeth the rbirdTart of the
Chief. Cantoned, is faid of a Crofs and
Saltiefi when placed betwixt
Figures, as the. Saltier of Len^-
mx cantoned ¦with fouc sufas.
Flate6. F/^.d. andy...
Cartouchi, is an oval Shield,
with a Frame round it, iifed by
Popes and other Churchmen.
Chapletf is rpand more large
than an Annulet, an Ornament "
of the Head, Vlate 3. Fig. is.
as alfo counterchanged here.
Cheverm, is like a Coiiipafs
half open, fome fay it repre-

fents a Carpenter's Square, but
more generally 'tis taken tp re
prefent the Couples or Rafters
of a Houfe. 'Plate i . Fig. 1 1.
Cheveronee, is faid when the
Fisld is fiWd -with Cheverons of
Metal and Cqlour.
Per Cheveron parted, when the
Field is divided into two Halfs, :
by Lines, after the Pofition of
the Cheveron, rifing from th©;
dexter and finifter Flanks, meet
ing inthe middle of the Shield,
or fomewhat highpr.
¦ Chequee, is f^id when the
Field, or any armorial Figure,,
are formed or filled with many
fquare Places alternately of Me
tal and Colours, like the Panes
ofthe Chefs-board, and thefe
muft be at leaft of three Tradts.
Plate I. Fig. 3. and 4.
Chief, is a proper Figure in,
Herauldry jwhich poffeffeth the
third upper Part of the Fieldy.,
as in the Arms of Douglafs,
Plate 2. Fig. 13.
Cinqtiefoils, are Flowers of
five Leaves.
Coniiataf>i-y wKcn two Beafts,
fuch as Lions and Boars, are
erefted on their, hinder Feet
affrontee to one another in one
Coat of Arms.
Couchee, is faid.cf'a Shield,
of Arms which hangs by the
left chief Corner. PUte 2. Fig, .
13. and 1 4.
Cdtifes, are two- Lines. drawn
down by the Sides of a Bend i
F f 3 dcxteo

The Terms of Herauldry Explai?C-4.

dexter or finifier, or by the Side
ofa-Fefs. Counterchanged, when the Field
is divided by any ofthe parti
tion Lines into two Tindures
©f Colour and Metal, the Fi
gures, the Charges, Counter-
changes, their Tindures, as
^late I. Fig. i6. and Plate 3.
Fig. 12.
_, Coupee, is one of the parti
tion Lines which divides the
Shield horizontally into two
Halfs, -called by us and the
Englijh, Parted per Fefs.
Coupee, is faid alfo of the
Heads and Parts of Aninuls
and other Things^ which are
eut off with a ftraight Line, as
tbe Boar-heads in the Arms of
the Duke c£ Gordon. Plate 6.
Componee, or Goionated, is faid
of Figures in Armories which
islike Chequee, but of one Trad,
and efpecially Borders , are often
foformcd, as thefe round the
Arms ,'of Burgundy Modern, and
the Arms of Scotland, in the
Shield .of the Earl of Murray,
in this Eflay .^ ^^tam-^ Ej?. 1.
and 9.
Crefcent, is an Half-mooa
with its Points upward, as thefe
in the Arms of the Earlof Win-
4m. Plate 7. Fig. %.
-Croft, is commonly known,
being made up of a palar and a
.-.traverfe Piece. But the Forms
of Croffes are different, efpe

cially by the ending of their
Extremities ; if they be croffed
again they arc called Crofs-
crofiets, and if the under paler
P-art be not croffed^ but fliarp,
they are called Crofs-crojkts
fitchie, as thefe in the Arms <rf
Mar. Plate 2. Fig. 13.; and
14. Crofs-patee, is when the Ex
tremities of the Crofs are patu*-
]ous, broad,- {Plate 3. Fig. 10.]
and if the End of the palac Part
be fharp, it is a Croft-patet
fitchie. Croft-fernKe, or FJowrie, is
faid when the Extremities of
Croffes ends in three Leayes-
Plate 5. Fig. 3. and 4.
Crofs-poJnetee, when it ends ~
in round Balls like Apples.
Croft-anohoree, when its Ex
tremities turn back like the
Velocks of an Anchor.
Crofs-moline, after the fame'
Form with the former, but al
ways pierced in the Middle^ ¦
to reprefent the Iron Inftrument
in the Ncther-ftone of the Mill,
which beareth and guideth the
Power and J.urifdi6f fon.
I).
Dimidiation, fee Pages <?3;
and 6^.
Demi-coupee, or Demi-part^,'
when the H^lf ef the Shield is
farted

'The Tennsisf H e r a u t b k y Explain'd.

famd per Fefs, or farted per
Pale. Plate i.,Fig. 8. and 9.
E.
^Ffray, is faid <A. SiXiVnictrH
._ _ or jfifey/ff erc^Sed on their
Kinder Feet, as P4ate 4.- Fig.
^ Emkattkd, is faid of the par
tition Lines that are fociAed af
ter the Embattkmetic of a
Tower, as Plate 3. F»g,n5. and
when any of the OrdinarieSj as
the F eft i'Bmd,' Border, &c. ate
"formed vvith fuch Lines, tfiey
arc • faid to be En^attted,^ Cre-
fielltf^ or Br«i5^«, whicfi .fignify
the feme;
Engrailed,^ is faid of crooked
Lines which have thci<r FoiHts
outward, as thefe which form
the -Saliier -tngrailed in th&Arms
of Lenno^t. Flatei. Ffg.S.' Plate
6. Fig.jS.
Efcal^, ^ pam or Cockle-
jftell, as. in .the Arm^ ot,..thc
Hukc of Montrofe, Flate-^.^Fig-
II. ' Efiocheon, is a liltlc Shicl<l
within a Shield, for which *tis
•taUed commonly an Ipefcocheon,
as thej&.bejonging to the Najne
af Haf„ Plate 4. Fig. 13. and
'¦' thefe which furmourit quarteired
.Coats, 'called Surtout s, 'isolate
^.Ftg. a., and 16. , "
; -Ermine, is a white Furvfith
:: biacfc Spots ; when %^p or three
•pf thera -ate in a Coat of Arras

they are called Mujktours, as
theie two in the Cheveron of
Hamilton Earl of Haddington,
Bate ^l Fig. 4. • ' ^-^^
Erafed, fee Arrachee,'
Entee, or (ri-affrng, is when
Arms are placed in the triangu
lar Space between the Flanks of
two other Coats of Arms, as
in the Arms of the ' Dultc of
Savoy, and King of Spain, Plate
7. Fig. 13. 14.
t "TT^Ield, is the Superficies of
¦' X/ ^^^ Shield, always of tbe
'Tindurcf and Furs in Heraul-
'dry. Fret^ is compofed of a Mafde.^
'- and interlaced -with fwo Battens
; dexter and finifter.- I have not
¦ bad Pocafioh to fhow it in this
Effay, but in my^ former.
E-etee, is faid when the Field,
;. pr any other Figure, as the Creft
in the Bearitig of the Vifcount
of Pr-eflon, Plate 7. Fig. i^^.As
f- charged with Bartons -dexter
and finificr, like^a Tirlace. "
Fufil, is a rhoinbular Figiare
' more long than broad, and its
upper and lower Parts more
. acute -ahd fliarp than the middle
Parts. - Womens Shields arc
ordinarly after this Form, as
flate.i. pig. 15.,
' '¦ Fufely jis faid when the Shield
'^ is filled with Ftifils.

Gg

G.

The Terms -of Hi, r a u l p r y,,^

g:
GArb, a Sheaf of Cprti. Plate
I. Fig. 2, and 5). ^^ .^
Gubonat, fee Componee:
¦ Gonfanon,, is the Banner
of the Church, and has
three Labels or Frnions, i. e. Pie
ces of .Stuff (from which its
Name) hanging down. Ihave
not had an Occafion to-lhew
this in any of the Plates, btt
the Papal Gonfanon, which is of
another Form. Plate-]. Fig. j.
GiroM, is a Cotial Figure,
fliarp at: one End, and broad at
the other, not unlike a Wedge.
Some take it for the Guffet of
a Garment. Gironee, is faid when the
Field is.filkd.with Girons, m2.de
by Partee, Cmpy, Tranche and
7 rtz/Zy Lines, which divide the
Shield into eight Areas iftet a
Conal Form, -as in the Bearing
ofthe Sirname of Campbel. Plate
¦:6.: Fig.iS.j-6^:, , , .<, ^
Gulej, 1. e. Red, k«own in
Talidouce .by: pcr^eodicular ,
Hatches. Plate 1. Fig, 1.
Gutty d' Argent, is when the
Field is hlsLck, Semee of white
Drops of Water. Plate 2. F.ig.y-,.
HAurient, is faid of FifBes ,
ereiSt.cd MPale, as F/g. 3 .
P'latf.il',

;"*ff i

*)O

IMpaling of Arms, fee Page
Indentee, is faid of ther parti
tion Lines formed like the Teeth
of a Saw, and of thefe Llties
which form Ordinaries, as Saide
. a. Chief Indentes] Qr. Plate' 3.-
Indented double^ wheu a Line
indented divides a Border, ot
pther Ordinary, in two, of dif
ferent Tindures, -as Pifcde 3.
Fig- 15.. . ...... ' . '.,
,Ineftocheon,.fee Eftocheon, stad
Page 71. and ^7.
Iffuing, is- faid of a Figure
half feen, coming forth, or out
of any of the Ordinaries, as
that of the Ottar out of the
_Bar.t_ in the J^rms of ,^eton of
Mddrfini. Plate 6. Fig. la^ .v
L.
LJ.bel, pr Lambeft by. the
French fis taken fora kind
„o£ .,Sk£ri> wim^h^yaung , Mea
wore aiiciently about the "Neck
of tbeir Helmets, (as we do
iiow^; Gravats) with Points
hanging down, when they w,ent
to the. Wars, or military Ex
ercifes, .w^^ith their Fatheirs, and
by which they were diftfnguifli-
cd from them,^ and has always
been ufed as a Mark of Fijia-
tpn,,Pkte^ 1. Fi^. Jv ^f which mor©.]

The'Tei^sof He r a u t d r y Explain'd.

more particularly in my Effay
of Marks of Cadency, Page ^6.
i^angued, is laid when the
Tongue; of an Animal is of a
- different, Tinfture from the
Body. •¦
'Leopard, fee Page 162.
'Lox.enge,_ is a rHombular Ei-
' ' guire, that has eq.ual Sides and
unequal Angles,, as the Qiiarry
'; of a Glafs-window placed ereft
.Point- ways, and is not fo long
as the Fufil.
'Loz.engy, is faid when the
Field, or any other Figure,-is
filled with Lozenges.. , ,
M.
MArtlet, a little Bird with
out Beak,or Feet. Plfite
5- Fig. -3. and 4.
Mafione, is faid of Caffles,
Towers, and other Buildings,
when the Cement is of a diffe
rent Tinfture frbm the Stones,
as-in fhe Arms of Caftile.
-Mafcles; Or Mdcles, arc a&cr
the Form of a LiwiVKg?, and
voided of the Field, that rs, its
inner Part is evacuate, or cut
out, after the- Form of a Lo-
'; \ z.enge, as the French fay, Loz,ange
j I cHvert en Loz,ange. Plate 4. Fig.
Membred, is faid of the Legs
of Birds, when they are of a
¦ diftrent Tinfture from the
Body. Mrceupy, and Mi-pa-rtee j-when

ths Half of the Shield is divi
ded per Fefs and per Pale.
Mollet, reprefenis the Revell
of a Spur," being the Part of-^
Chevalier's Armour; 'ris al
ways pietced, in the M/ddte,
by wliich it is diftinguifhed
from a Star.
^ .,',N.' :. .
NAiJfqnt, is faid when any
Animal, as a Lion, iffu-
eth out of the. Middle of an
Ordinary, as the Feft, and
fhows the Half of his B6dy, as
¦ alfothe Top of-his Tail; He
is faid then to be Naifi'ant, as
Plate I. Fig. 4.
Nebule, when the Partition
Lines, or Ordinaries, or other
Figures, are formed like Cloud's.
. o.
OR, the Metal Gold, or
yellow-Colour, is knoofn
in Talidouce by fmall Points,
Z.S Plate i. Fig. 3, 4, &c.
byle, is raken ifbr an' inward
.Border, fo that the Field is (thn
I within and without it ,• fome
fay it is" an Eftocheon voided, as
that carry'd by the Earl of
Home. _ ~
OV/f^ways, or in Orle, is faid
.when fmall Figures are placed
in a Circle, as the Thftles in the
Arras of the Earl' of Kn tore,
Ptate 4. Fi'g. 15: _
Gg2 Pi

— i ~  '¦ — -- _^^
The Terms 0/ H fi r a u t b r y Explain'd,

PAle, is' one of the principal
Ordinari.es which poffeffes
the third middle Part of the
Field perpendicularly, as that
in the Bearing of the Name of
Erskin. Plate 4. Fig. 10. Plate
Pallets, are the Diminutives
of thePale, and there may" be
feverals of them in one Field,
as in the Arms of Artagon, Plate
y!Fig.^. & lo.and when theField
is filled with an equal Number
of Pallets oi Metal SLnd:€ekur, 'tis
faid theti to' be Palle fix, or
more, as in the Arn^s' of the
Earldom of Athol. Flats 6.
%-.3- . , .
Fdrtee, is faid when the Field
is divided perpendicularly into
two Halfs. Pfatea. Fig. i, &c.
. Parted per pale, the fame with
Fartee. Parted per pale, Mi-eoupy/xo
the Right.' Plate 2. Fig. ^.
.Farted pfrfale.^, Mi- coupy, to
-the Left. Plate 2. Fig. 8.
Pile, is an armorial ' Figtirc
¦frequent .with the Englijh, -miich
they defcribe to cohfift of a
two-fold Line formed like a '
WedgCi and when but one in
a Field, it pofleffes the ihird ''
:part, as that in tbe Bearing of '
Seymour Duke df Somerfet, 'Plate '-'
4. F;^. 16. FUe'sUQ Uid to Kz

"¦prefent" Sca=kes of Wood ftarp
at the End, wherewith Soldi-
- ers 'uft to fortify their ' CaSips,
and others to drive thiera into
"the Giound,' to taake- a furc
Foundation for Buildings,- whea
three- of theni are 'carried tvith
us,- they are faid to reprifent
the three fafj^on 'Nails by which
our Saviour fuffered, as^thele
in the Bearing of the Duke of
Douglafs. Plate 6. Tig. 2. ^and

10.

Piles, atfe fdraetimes ingrtiiled.
Plate pFig. 2. i''
Pameteey^\\en^i^-ates, tfpt'.
cially Croffes, ends with round
Balls, like Apples.
Purpur, i. e. purple Cokjtiflii
Herauldry, is ' known ift>, "J^'H-
douce by- diagonaf ^afclies
frpm Left to Right.

VarHfing of j^tHs. feeVPag*
87. : ^ :,V

R.
RAfftpantf' V!rhea aLioiTi-oc
any pther fierce Beafl;,cis
erca on his hinder Feet; the
Half of his Face, wich one Eye
and one Ear onlyi feen.- Plate i.
Fi^. J. and'<?.

The Term q/. H e r a u l d r y Explairid.

SAble, Black, is known in
Talidouce by perpendicu
lar and horizontal Hatches.
Salient, when any Beaft is e-
refted Betid-vfays.
j Saliitr, may be faid to be
.cpmpofed of the Bend dextet
'imd finifter, like to St. Andrew's
Crofs. Plate 2. Fig. 7. and 8.
' Semee, that is fown when
many fmall Figures are irregu
larly di^ofe^i in a'Field, as the
Flowe-r-de-lifts in the Arms of
France, before they were redu
ced to three. .Plate 5. Fig. 8.
and 9.
Sifiople, the fame with. Vert,
.fotihe Colour Gjwb, known
in Talidouce by diagonal Hat
ches fromRig-ht to Left. Plate
3, Fig.' J.
,, Surcfiat, a Ioofe thin Taffeta
Coat, with Arras embroidered
or painted upon it, fuch as our
Heraulds now wear, which of
Okl military Men wore over
their Armour, to diftinguifh
themfelves by their Armorial
Figures in -Time of Battle.
Surmounted^ is when one Fi
gure lies over another, as the
Bend formounting th^tfeft,, in
the 4th Quarter of the Duke
ofD^tgldf'sAta^, Plate 6. Eg.
JO. and Plate i. Fi^.^ 7,, where
the Lion furmounts the Feft-

chequie. The French fay, B,o-
chantee, for Surmounted. Whcu
one Figure has another pkcf,a
imrnvdiately above it, and nc c
over it, as the two CA/>/} in tji'.;
Arms of the Prince of Maffa,
Plate 4. Fig. 6. 'tis faid impro
perly with us to be one Chief
furmounted of another ; but the
French more properly fay, Som-
mce, for the undermolt Chief,
having another above it, and
Soutenu, for the uppermoft Chief
in rcfpcd it is fupported. by
another below it. John Stewart
of Ardgowan, afterwards de
fign'd of Blackhall, a Natural
Son of King Robot III. carried,
the fame Arms, after Riert
Duke of Albany quartered Stew
art with the Lion, as Plate i.
Fig. 8. Of whom is lineally
defcended Sir Archbald Stewart of
Blackhall Baronet, who carries,
as his Pxedeceffors, Or, a Feft
chequee Az.ur and Argent, furmoun
ted ef a Lion rampantGules. Plate
I- Fig. 7- T.
TAilie, is the fame with
Parted per Bead fimfiier,
that is, when the Field, Or any
Figure is divided into two
Halfs diagonally from Left to
Right. ¦TmElme, is a general ¦Terra
ufed for the Metals atid Co-
H h loirts

The. Terms of Hera ^t dry Explain'd.,

lours received in Herauldry.
The F-retich for it ufe the Word
Emeaux. ' • -
Tierced, is faid when the
Field is divided into three e-
qual Parts, by any two ofthe
partijcibn Lines,T;/z.. Partee, Coupy,
Tranchee^' "Taily ; fo the Field is
Tierced in Pale, Feft, Bend dexter
and finifter. An Inftance of the
firlt, Tierced in P^h, in the Arms
of Maximilian Archduke of
Auftria. Plate 7. Fig. 9^ -'
Tranchee, the fame with P dried
jber Ber/dde}iter, that is,. when the
Field is divided into two Halfs
diagonally frorn Right to Left.,
T/ejfure, tO fpeak properly in
Herauldry,- iS the Diminutive
of the Effotiier, the Diminutive
of the Orle, the Treffure, Trica^
a Trad or broad Line, (which
fome, fay, reprefent Gold Gal
loons upon Garments) which
goes round the inner Side of
theShield, and' when there. are
two Tracts adorned with F&wr-
de-lifes, without and within, 'tis
then the Double Trejfurr fio-wered
and counterflowered, which fur-
rtibundsthe Lion.of Scotland., Platt
.J. F^^. II. \ w.
WAter BoMgets, arc faid to
reprefent old fafhiOned
Veffels of Leather,,, which-^ol-
diers of old were in ufe to car r-

ry Water in, or other Licyaors,,
in Camps, as Plate 2. Fig. 7,
and i2i -^
IVavy, is faid when_thcpar?i«
tion Line, and th«fe that form^
Ordinaries, are waved, like the
Waves of the Sea, as the Ba/
'waved in the Arms of Seton of
Meldrum'. 'Plai-e6: Fig. 12.-
Vaire, is a Fur in Herauldry,
w{ixjf;c— Pieces- ate alternatively
White and Blue; thefe Pieces
are fhaped like Bells, and if they
be oi other Tindure thaa.
White and. Blue, .^it is calle|
Vaire of fuch Tindures. "^
Vert, the fame with Simply
Green, as before, known by dia
gonal Hatches from Right^ta
Left.. - ¦ ;,- :^.f
Virolee, I have mentiop'd tooj
which is faid, when Hunting-
horns are adorned with Rings
of different Tindure -from thp
Body of the Horn. By fome
the Hunting-horns are called '
Bmgles, md if the Strings by
which they hang be of a diffq-
r-e»t-T^B^vM:€y-^ei^ey Are-£ii4 , to
be ftringed of fuch TittBtiris;
for which our old Heraulds
were in ufe to fay, a Bougie SaMe
Bendrofted Gules. ¦
^ • Vol, and Demi-vid; the firft,
when two Wings are joined to
gether, Plate 4. Pig. 16.: Ikmi-
vol, when but one Wing is ai
the Field.. .f"t: "" ^

.mi

An Alphabetical
T A B L E
Of |he Names ^nd.Titles of the
FAMILIES Whofe Blaz^ons are in this Effay of

HERAULDRY.

.^it -. ) ¦ - • -

t

Page

^ 'A.' -

Arbuthnet pf Fiddes

50

Aoufte

220

I^age
Armenia
219
¦J. H Berdeen
134
Arragon^
153
JJL Aberfiethy -
¦ 5/0
Airau
203
Jl V Albany Duke
ipo
JV?hol
i|8 lo
Alexander III. . King
pf Scot-
Auftria, ArchdulCe.. ,
land
19
Auftria Ancient '
ii6
.St. Andrews
82
Auftria Modern
aij
. St. Andrews See
78
Auvergn
191
,A«g"a '„,
219
^10 Azzolini '
33
Angus E. Gilchrift
il
]^'. '" •-^- ¦ '
'Annandale Lordfliip'
l§6
Anvers
3,19
'Xy Adenoch Lordfhip ¦",,
:X3B?.Uafld«HL. Ballahdi
2QO
Aquitain
158
en 1 16
^'- ' ¦-'"Uli'i---
B4C
Table of the Names of Families, &c.

Fagc Z2l
III

Bar Barclay
Bartolus 135
Beaufort Dutchefs pf Spmer-
Beauvaife Bifhop ;'; j6
Biggar of. Wohnct , 116
Blunt Sir John 102
Bohun j5
Boid of Kilmarnock - jrS
Boil Earl of Glafgow 1 26
Bologn- Jf 191
Boid ' ' : ,24
Brabant 182, aj 7
Brandon Dutchefs of Suf
folk 147
Bretaign 37, 40, 41
Brechin 38, iji
Bruce Robert King 152'
Brymer of Wefterton 68
Buckland 150
Burgundy Duke Philip ^4
Bupgundy '
Brijce of Annandale
£ruce of Skelton
Bruce Earl of Elgin

40,

182 43 4344

c.

i8q

CAdwalider ,
Cairncfofs Bifliop 82
Cameron BifhOp 79
Campbel Duke of Argyle 204
Campbel Earl of Brpidal-
bin p6, 204
Canterbury ,'. 83
Carmola ,^17
Carlifle ^84
.Car Vifcount of Rochefter -i4s>

. . Page
Caftile and Leon 151
Chablpis 229
Chalpn 212
Chambers pf Gadgirth 6)
Charters pf Kinfauns 117
Chefter 83
;Chefter,. John. Scot Earl • 35
Clare Earl Richard 47
Clarence Duke Thomas ibid.
Ctargcs' Anne Dnrchcfs of Al
bemarle 137
, Clark, ©f Pennycoofi? • - ^
De Cleve Margaret €^
Cockburn of Orraiftoo. fz
Cockburn of Lanton 95
Cochran Earl of Dundpnald 1 17
Cologn 'Baldwin 15
Cplogn Bifhop 77
Carinth Duke ^17
Cornwal 37
Cornwal Earl 39, 63
Com wallis Lord 73
Catzellenbogen 212
Crawford Vifcount of Gar
nock 109'
Crawford of Cartsburn ibid.
Crawford of JordanhiU ibid.
-Cfuwtord iV-t^boi:  — ^— >-8i
Cuming 1^5
Cyprus 219
D.
DAlrymple E. of Stairs 71
Dampetra 54
Deathmars 22 a
' Denmark " ' 1J4
Dietz ' 212
Douglafs Duke of Qucenf-
berry 94
Dpu-

Table of the f^atnei of Fainilies, ^c.

IJbuglafs D. of Dpuglafs ipp
JJeuglafsD. ofTourain '" ip8
©ouglafs£.pf Buchan 187
Douglafs Earl of Galloway
- ' J)2, ip8
Douglafs £. of Angus ibid.
Douglafs £. of March ip5
Douglafs Earl pi
Douglafs £. of Mar ibid.
Douglafs £. of Murray 197
Douglafs of Cavers P4-
DtHiglafs Lord Liddifdale ip8
Dreux Earl 40
Dirtimmond Vifcount of Strath
allan 133
Dumbar Earl 22
Diimbar £. of Murray 35, 94
Dumbar Bifliop of Glafgow 81
Dumbar of Weftfield 94
Dumblain ^ 83
Dundafs of Newlifton - 71
E.
EDward III. of England 8'7
Edward the Confeffor 12S
Edward Earl of Kent 1 6p
Edinburgh Bifhop :^3
Edmifton 216
Eleanor Queen of Englaad 6 1
,'Etphinft9n L. Salmcrinoch $t
England 158
Englifh Saxons ij5
Erskin Earl of Mar i8p
Erskin Earl of Buchan 187
Erskin Earl of Kello 143
•Ecskin Lord Cardrofs 133
>£vereaux ^s^
F.
FAirholm of Craigichall 7 1
Falconet Lo.Hackcrcon 52

Fataneie
Fcrrier FlandersForbes Forbes of Ardo

21J 54
i8j
10^, i»7
ibid.

Francis 2d King of Fraace ,^4
Frazer Hen. Herauld €i
G.
GAlloway *j» 9*
-Qarioch Loidfcip 93
Geneve . 3X|
St. Gothland 321
St. George of England 128
St. George Henry 136
Glafgow 8 K
Gordon Duke 102
Gordon of that Ilk 20*
Gordon of Glaftirera 50
Graham Duke of Montrofe 200
Graham Earl ©f Monteith .aoS
Graham Vifcount of Prefton 222
Granada 2if
Cuclders zzi
H.
HAmilton Duke 100
Hamilton of Sanquhar d j
Hamilton E. ofHaddingten 1 3 a
Haliburton of Pitcur 5 a
Hannpnia jif
Harald Earl pf Kent 155
Harris of Coufland 14J
Haftings Earl of Pembroke 88
Hay Marquis of Tweeddale p8
Hay Earl of Kinoul 144
Hay Lord Ycfter 6$
Haynault Couftt 54,
Hepburn Earl of Bothwell 66
Hcrauld-Office in Scotland 85
li Herauld-

Table of the Natms oJ^JPatmlfp^f^cT^ *
Herauld-Oifice in E.nglan4, 8<^ Lefly: Earl, of Leven V7,v J45
Holftein 207 . Lefly Earkof R,pfs , ¦ . f.^^ 55
Home Earl of Home 23, pp Leily Ea^f of Rpthe/s , ^3M.So
Home of Aiton, ,. io5 . Lefly ' of Wai;di$. j .,.- v %i
Home, Earl of. Mafcchmoimt 39 . Lindfay D. of Montrofe ipp

Home of Kimfticrgham,
,Home of Whitefield; ; ,
Home of Wedderburn
Home Commendator of
burgh

.100 96
Jed-
>* Si

Hungary , ' ' .^zaZ— Littlcof Over-L^berton,
Huntington DavidEarl 36, 38 Li.fly- VlfcOuni
'Y Nfanta of. Spain Ifobel 70
Johnfton E. of Annandale 71

[ ohnfton of Elphinftoa

1214

oeclin de Lavonia

I20

crufalem

218

Ireland

180

Ifeland

2 21

Juliers

221

Lindfay E.- of Crawford ^%
Limburg ., . j ,182
Livingfton > Earl ( pf .Linktli-
. .V,-, gOW . . ., ..•;j,;,jppi>/J.3I
Lithuania Dukedom ,..,-; 137
ti6
Lorrain
Lorn .
LufignanLuxenburg
Lucy Lord. Lucy
Lundy of That-ilk
Lufitania^

•220 203
2ip
ibid.
•,,,120'

45 H

De Loup Hugh Earl of Che

fter

M.

2°:) 3.5

K

K.
Eith Earl Marifiiall $6
 KeithEarlof Kintore 145
''Kent Earl ' 42
Kennedy of Ardiftinfhire i3<J
Kenncdy~©^^a*gen5L____ Jbid..
Kennedy of Kirkhili
, Kennedy of Bcnnen
Kcr Marquis of Lothian
L.
LAncafterDuke 170.
Lancafter Earl 41
Landaff 84
Langrcs Bifhop j6
Laon Bifliop :ibid
Leicefter Mellent E. 3<5

tbJdribid. 132

?720
ipo
139 <52
Nor- .Std.

M'Lcllan of Bomby
Malmeins Roger
Man Ifle ' ,r
Manners Earl of Rutland
Manny Sir Walter
Margaret Dutchefs of
— folk ^--.
Maffa Prince 138
Mar Earl 2 a, $j.
M'Dougal of M'Kcrfton , p8
March Earldom ipo
Mary Queen of Scotland (^4
Maud Daughter of King Mal
colm Canmore do
Maud of England 61
. MauU Earl of Panmure » 1.10
Maxwel Earl of .Nithfdale ¦ • 5
Maxwel

Table of ^^iTSfu^rH^nf' Vi^nllier^c.

MaxweF of Pollock 117 '
^axwelof Tyling ¦ 1 p8
Medicis Duke of Tufcany ij'p'
Mentz Bifliop ¦;¦ 77
Miln 6f Balfargue 6 3
Mirandola 214
Modena Duke ^¦•- 123
Monmoitth Duke ^73
^ohtacute E. of Salisbury loi
Monteith Earh- 24
Montgomery Earl of Eglia-
:-T ton ¦' ' '^ 'io7j "^
Montgomery of Langfhaw ipi
Moubray Duke of Norfolk 42
Mow of Mains <58
Mure of^ RowaUan 107
Murel Countefs of Strathern 61
Murray Duke of Athol i8p
Murray E. of Annandale 14.x
Murray Vifcount of Stor- -
mont 1 17
Murray Lord Bothwel pa
N. \
NAmur Marquifate 54
Napier Lord Napier 73
Nairn Lord Nairn i ip
';Naples _ '^3
Karbon '" *"'^ ' iSo
^Naffau . 212
Nevil Earl of Salisbury 102
; Nisbet of That-ilk 6 8
• Normandy ' . 1$^
•'^Norfolk Earl 4^
Northumberland . 3^
Norwich ?4
V^ O.
Gilvy of Boyn 2i5
Ogilvy of Finlater 105

o

Ogilvy Eavl of Airiy' 'ibid
Ogilvy Lord Auchterhoufe 103
Ogilvy Lord Baraff 105
• Ogil vy of Inchmartin , ^ ibid.
Ogilvy of Ihnetquharlty 1 04
Orange - ' ^ '212
Orkney 'aij
¦ ; '¦'% P., ^'
PArma and Plaifance 213
Parre Marquis of Nor-
i ; thamptOn^ » • ' 147
-P^rcy Earl of Nprthumbef-
lahd ' 120
Peterburgh Bifliop -84
-Plantagenet Geoffry • '; 33
Portugal ' 213
Ueen Dowager of King
James I. 59
RAmlay Earl of Holder-
. nefsi ¦ 142
Randolph ¦¦ '- •''* 35
Randolph E.of Murray rp7,i4o
Ranken of Orchardhcad 1 16
. Rheinjs Bi&PP ^ 7^
Richard I. King of England 18
Rofs Bifliop 83
Rofs of Kilravock 51
r Rofs Lord Rofs pj
Rofs Earl iP5
Rofs of Eafter-Kinfauns v 5 1
Rothfay Duke •: ipj
s. :
SAlisbury E. Longefpee 47
Salisbury Bifliop 84
" 112 Saudi-

Q

Table of tht Names of Fumiiies, &c.

Sandilands L. Torphichan 243
Saxon Enfign 1 54
Saxony aip
Savoy , ibid'
Scot of 'Thirlfton 72, 140
Scot Dutchefs of Bucdeugh 73
Scotland 1J2
Seton Earl of Winton 45,
130, 140, 1^2 f ao8
Setpn Lprds ~ ^5> ^9
Setpn pf Cariftpn i^
Seton Earl of Darafermling 131
Seton Vifcount of Kingfton 13 a
Seton of Tough 201
Seton of Meldruin Hid.
Seton of Barn* 131
Segrave 62,
Slefwick ,221
Sharp Archbifeop .^ 81
•Shaw Abbot of Paifly 81
Seymour D. pf Somerfet 147
Sicily a 1 1
Sinclair Earl of Caithnefs 214
Sinclair Lord Sinclaic 21$
. Smith pf WhitehiU 4%
Staftprd D.of Buckingham 42
Stanly Lprd Stanly 10 z
Stewart Earl of Mar 93, i8p
Stewart EarLofAthpl 44^, 188
Stewart Earl pf Buchan4y, i8<?,
Stewart Earl pf Traquair p7
Stewart Lprd Lprn 203
Stev/^rt of Damly ipi
Stewart Duke of Rothfay 44
Stewart Duke of Albany 45
Stewart Earl of Lennox ip4
Stewart Earl of Murray ipy

Stewart Eupham Countefs df
Strathern 5,^
Stewart Earl of Carrick 44
Stewart Lord Kyle ibid.
Stewart 23
Styria 217
Stormarie 222
Swabia Jjj
Sweden. aaj
T.
DE la Tour Anne
Treves Bifliop
Turnbull Bifhop

77
Jo

V.
VAIance tf
Valans jio
Veitch pf Dawick 67
Vere Earl pf Oxfprd 14^
Vermendpis Earl 40
Vianden 212
Viles pf Ferrara i j j
Vpycr de Pauliny ibid,
W.
W All ace of Craigie 107
Watfoti of \Vallacc-
j. craigie 51
, Weappnt - ^5
Weems Earl pf Weems ibid.
Weems pf Rearis ibid.
William theCpnquerpr 18, 15^

Y

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