:" >!•«**• BhW'**** Y« SvrJ Hsy 1 .... , s^ 'JjV^iiS*rtW«»:>!«>',* ¦ ^|^CM'nK^Aii«l>r1 ^J^t •¦* ¦• jV. ¦ fGflE BEW.JfflGflJKl Ba^ra®®©^, HISTOKT TOWN OF LEXINGTON, MIDDLESEX COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS, FIEST SETTLEMENT TO 1868, GENEALOGICAL EEGISTEE OF LEXINGTON FAMILIES. BY CHAELES HUDSON, MBMEEE OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HISTOEICAL, THE NEW ENGLAND HISTOEIC-GENEALOGICAL, AND THE "AMEEICAN ANTIQOAEIAW iSOCIETIES. BOSTON: WIGGIN & LUNT, PUBLISHERS, 221 Washington Street. 1868. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S68, by Charles Hudson, In the Clerk's Oflice of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. Clx. X.(c ic \HO Press of T. E. Mahvin & Son. INTRODUCTORY NOTE. The Publishing Committee present the following statement concerning this publication, in the hope that the example of Lexington may do much towards stimulating sister towns to pre serve their local annals in the same accessible form. Several years ago the town purchased the manuscript of this work ; which, however, was left in the author's possession, for such revision as might be required. He has, agreeably to his engagement with the town, supervised the printing, and made valuable additions, particularly to the Genealogical Eegister. In 1867 it was decided to publish the work. Full powers were given to the undersigned to contract for the printing and binding, to decide what illustrations should be inserted in the book, and to make arrangements for offering it for sale when completed. Being desirous that the book should contain a sufficient num ber of illustrations to render it attractive to the eye, the Com mittee decided, before the printing was begun, that portraits of individuals, and views of public buildings and private residences, having due reference to the subject-matter of the History, should be bound with the book if provided at private expense. This decision was made known to -the author, who with our approval issued a circular, inviting our citizens and their friends to furnish such illustrations gratuitously. Many persons, as will be seen, have taken pleasure in thus adorning the book. Others, it appears, would now be glad to contribute to the same end, if sufficient time were still left. We are gratified to learn that the author has secured, as an appropriate frontispiece, a portrait of the Rev. John Hancock, whose ministry in Lexington covered a period of mor^ than half a century of the early history of the town. IV INTRODXICTORY NOTE. Of the illustrations bound with this work, the portraits of Eev. Mr. Hancock, Col. Munroe, and the author were furnished by their respective descendants ; and those of Theodore Parker, Eev. Dr. and Mrs. Follen, and Eev. Mr. Stetson, by their numerous friends resident in the vicinity. The views of dwelling-houses, including the Lexington House, were, except as stated below, supplied by their present or late owners ; and those of public buildings by citizens' subscriptions. In the exercise of the powers given to them, the Committee have inserted the following illustrations at the town's expense, viz. : a lithographic portrait of Jonathan Harrington ; wood engravings of the Clarke House, the old Munroe Tavern, the Monument, the proposed Monument, and the Battle Scene on the 19th of April ; diagrams of Lexington Common, and the Old North Bridge at Concord, with their surroundings as they were in 1775 ; andfac similes of the autographs of twenty-nine men whose names are affixed to public documents which are a part of the History. It was thought that nothing ought to be omitted from the book, which could serve to explain, or invest with addi tional interest, the events narrated. » After a considerable progress had been made in the print ing, the author apprised us that the amount of matter pre pared by him would probably exceed, in print, the number of pages he had contemplated ; but that he could not materially abridge the History without departing from his original plan, and impairing the symmetry and completeness of the work. Much interesting matter on the subject of slavery has been omitted. But we found that the great length of the manuscript was prin cipally due to the minuteness with which the author had told the story of the nineteenth of April, 1775, and set forth the causes and consequences of the events recited. The citizens of Lexington will not need to be convinced, that on no account should such a narrative be abridged in the annals of such a town. JOHN C. BLASDEL. JONAS GAMMELL. JOHN W. HUDSON. Lexington, June, 1868. PREFACE. In preparing the following History, I have laboted under the embarrassments felt by every one who undertakes to compile the annals of a town, arising from the meagre and imperfect charac ter of municipal records. This is particularly true of the records of births, deaths, and marriages. There is scarcely a family whose genealogy can be accurately traced, in our public archives, through two generations. There will be omissions of births and deaths, or a minute so brief that it is next to impossible to determine whether the child born belongs to this family or that ; or whether the person who died is the father or the son in the particular family, or whether he belongs to this family or another of the same surname. So of the entry of many marriages, — there is nothing to determine whether the parties belong to the town where the marriage is recorded or not. It is the fortune of those who compile our local histories, and especially if they deal with the genealogy of families, to rest under the imputation of being inaccurate ; when the fault is in the record, or in the absence of all record, rather than in the compiler. In fact any person who undertakes to write a local history from the records of the town alone, would confer no favor upon the public, unless it be to show how defective those records are. It is well understood by all those who have had experience, that the labor of gleaning from the town or city books, constitutes but a small portion of the actual labor to be performed. While gleaning from the records, the compiler's work is before him; but when he goes elsewhere to supply defects or explain what is recorded, he enters an unexplored field, and many fruitless days must be spent in search of the needed VI PREFACE. information. And it is not till he has had experience, that he learns where and how to direct his inquiries, and to separate facts from fiction. In some of our towns, a portion of the records are lost. Lex ington town records are continuous from the first. There is, however, one serious defect in the list of marriages. In past times the records of deaths and marriages were generally kept by the clergymen. Eev. Mr. Hancock, who was a clergyman in Lexington more than half a century, was very full and accurate in his entries. And while we have his lists of deaths and baptisms from 1698 to the time of his death, we have no account of his marriages tiU 1750. He must have kept a full record from the first, which is destroyed or lost. This has proved a great embarrassment in preparing the genealogy, though many of these defects have been supplied from other sources. There is also a general defect in' records, arising from the 'brevity of the entries.. When an event is recent, and the details are fresh in the memory of the people, a concise memorandum may apparently answer the purpose. But when the event is for gotten, such a brief entry becomes almost useless. All records should be self-explaining ; so that they can be understood at any future day. Another defect arises from the fact that reports of Committees, appointed to obtain the facts in a given case, are not recorded. The record may say that the report is accepted and "placed on file." But in the country towns, where they have no permanent place to deposit their papers, such reports are soon lost or destroyed. I do not apply these remarks to Lexington in particular, for I find her records better than those of some other towns. But in examining town records in various places, I have found the defects which I have stated ; and fidelity to the cause of history has prompted me to make these statements, in the hope that the evil, which every historian has experienced, may be avoided. Eecords are not made for the day or year in which they are written, but for posterity. An important historic fact may turn on a single line in the record of an obscure town. A name or a date, may enable a writer of biography, or a genealogist, to give a connected narrative, which would be broken or disjointed, if the name or date were omiitted in the record. It is an easy thinw, in PREFACE. - yii entering the birth or baptism of a child, to give the name of the parent ; or in recording the death of a person, to give the age ; or in recording a marriage, to state the residence of the parties, or the parents of the bride. A little care in adding these partic ular items, would materially increase the value of our records. And in regard to the reports of Committees, they should be entered in a book kept for that purpose, and be preserved. An embarrassment pfecuHar to the preparation of this History, has arisen from the fact, that for half a century after the first settlement of what is now Lexington, no records were kept within the place. This territory being a part of Cambridge, when an event worthy of notice occurred therein, it passed unre corded, or if it were recorded at Cambrido;e, there is nothing to show whether it occurred at Old Cambridge, or at " Cambridge Farms." If Lexington had been a separate, independent settle ment, she would have had a common centre, and records of her own from the first. The fact that Cambridge Farms were thus isolated, and that there was no common centre around which the settlers could cluster, induced those who were coming into the territory, to locate near some permanent settlement, that they might enjoy the advantages of intercourse and association with the surrounding towns. And hence the first settlements were generally near the borders of Cambridge, Watertown, Woburn or Concord. This circumstance would naturally tend to postpone a central organization ; and even after such an organization was effected, their old associations would partially continue, and their marriages and baptisms woiild to some extent be entered in the border towns. These things have tended to make the early his tory of the town more meagre than it otherwise would have been . But these embarrassments I have labored to overcome by con sulting the records of the neighboring towns, and having recourse to the published town Histories, and the Genealogies of other families. The files of the Probate Office, the State Archives and the County Eecords have enabled me to supply many defects. In the Eevolutionai-y history I have been materially aided by the American Archives and Frothingham's Siege of Boston. I have endeavored to give a full and impartial history of the town, and an ample Genealogy of the families. How far I have succeeded, I leave the public to judge. TUI PREFACE. It only remains for me to make my acknowledgments to those who have kindly favored me with facilities for information. My thanks are due to many indiA-iduals within the town, who have furnished me old family papers from which much intelli gence has been derived. Among those, I will mention Col. Philip Eussell, William Chandler, Esq., Messrs. Charles Tidd, Elias Smith, David Harrington, Bowen Harrington, Jonas Gam- mell, and the late Dea. Jlulliken. Nor ^hould I omit the kind ness of Miss Mary Merriam, who has ever manifested a strong desire to render all possible aid ; and who has furnished valuable books and papers bearing upon the subject of the history. Many other persons have readily supplied facts relative to the Geneal ogy of their respective families. I must also make my acknowl edgments to Mr. Charles Brown for the loan of a list of deaths,, covering a period of nearly forty years, kept by his father, from which many defects in our record of deaths ' have been supplied. A similar acknowledgment is due to Mrs. H. Pierce, for a list of deaths kept by the venerable Jonathan Harrington, nearly up to the time of his decease. My thanks are due to Albert W. Bryant, Esq. , the accommo dating Town Clerk, for a free use of the books and papers in his custody, to the Librarians of Harvard College, of the State Library, and of the Boston Athenaeum, for facilities rendered in consulting authorities. Nor should I neglect to mention the kindness of Francis Brown, Esq., of Boston, in lending me a .%rge quantity of valuable papers left by his uncle, Edmund Munroe j,of Boston, which have been of great service ; or the readiness with which Henry Clarke, Esq., of Boston, granted me the use of several volumes of the Diary of his honored father, Eev. Jonas Clarke, kept in an interleaved Almanac, which have proved of great value. CHARLES HUDSON. Lexington, June 1, 1868. CONTENTS. CHAPTEE L FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. Origin of towns, page 17.. Value of town meetings, 20. .Importance of town histories, 23. .Character of the Puritans, 24. .Puritan colonies compared with others, 29. .Early history of Lexington involved in that of Cambridge, 32. .Cambridge designed as the seat of government, 32.. Cambridge seeks an increase of territory, 33.. Additional land granted to Cambridge, 33. .Removal of Rev. Mr. Hooker and his flock, 33.. The College established!5 36 .. Cambridge designed as a fortified camp, 35 . . Shawshine granted to Cambridge, 36. .Early proprietors of what is now Lexington, 38.. Early settlers of Cambridge Farms, 39.. Their location, 40.. The Farms incorporated as a precinct, 44.. Sub scription for a meetinghouse, 47.. The first tax bill, 48.. Ministerial land purchased, 60. .Kev. Mr. Estabrook invited to preach for them, 60. .The people build him a house, 61. .Mr. Estabrook ordained, 62. . His death, 63.. Mr. Hancock settled, 63.. Meeting house further fin ished, 68. .Ammunition and school money asked for, 64. .The Common purchased, 55.. The people desire to be incorporated as a town, 66.. Voted to build a new meeting house, 67.. Hardships and privations of the first settlers, 68. .Prominence of the religious idea, 69.. Military titles and military men, 60. CHAPTEE II. FROM THE INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. The town incorporated, page 61. .Its organization, 62. .A pound and stocks ordered, 63. .Weight and measures provided, 63. .An appropriation for a new meeting house, 63.. Roads laid out, 64.. The first public house, 64. .Meeting house seated, 66. .Reseated, 67 . .Ebenezer Hancock settled 2 CONTENTS. as colleague with his father, 67. .Duty of tythingmen at church, 69. . North and South side, 70. .Representatives to serve for six shillings per day, 70. .Bedford incorporated, 71. .Death of Rev. Ebenezer Hancock, 71. .Death of Rev. John Hancock, 71. .Rev. Jonas Clarke settled, 73. . Lincoln incorporated, taking off a portion of Lexington. 74. .Represen tatives to pay to town treasurer all they receive over three shillings per day, 76. .Isaac Stone gives the town a bell, 77. .A belfry erected, 77. . A school house built in the centre of the town, 77. .The French wars, 78. .Expedition to Cuba, 79. .To Louisburg, 79. .Lexington men in the French war, 80.. Warning out of town, 80. .Past and present com pared, 83. CHAPTEE IIL CIVIL HISTORY FROM 1763 TO 1775. Natural expectation of the colonists, page 85. .The clergy in favor of liberty, 87 . .The stamp act, 88. .Rev. Mr. Clarke's instructions to the Represen tatives, 88. .Declaration of rights and resolutions, 92. .A day of prayer to be kept, 94. .Resolutions declaratory of their rights, 95. .Represen tative instructed, 96 . . Committee of correspondence chosen, 99 . . Stamp act repealed, 9 9.. Importation of tea, 100. .Instruction to representa tive, 102 . . People prepare for the contest, 103 . . The pervading sentiment in the community, 106. CHAPTEE IV. CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. Feelingtowards the mother country, page 107. .The true issue, 109. .Massa chusetts first to deny Parliament's right to legislate for the colonies, 110 ..Massachusetts charter annulled, lll..Andros appointed Governor, with despotic powers, llL.Andros imprisoned and his government overthrown, 112.. Massachusetts charter renewed, 112.. Writs of assis tance granted, 114.. Opposed by Otis, 114. .Opposition to the stamp act, 115. .Stamp officer hung in effigy, 116. .A General Congress meet in New York, 117 . .Parliament urges impost duties, 118.. A ship of war sent to Boston, 118.. Citizens impressed to serve on board the ship, 119. .The people remonstrate, 119. .Gov. Barnard calls upon the Legislature to rescind their resolve denying the power of Parliament to tax them, 119.. The Legislature refuse, 119.. The Governor dis solves the Legislature, 119.. The people petition for a new election, but the Governor refuses to order one, 120. .Troops arrive from Hali-. fax, but the people refuse to furnish them quarters or rations, 121.. Barnard recalled, 122.. Convenes the Legislature that they may vote his salary, 122.. The Legislature refuse unless the military be with CONTENTS. xi drawn, 122.. The Legislature adjourn to Cambridge, 122. .The House refuse to grant his salary, but ask for his removal, 122.. Barnard suc ceeded by Hutchinson, 123. .Boston appeals to the world, 123. .Boston massacre, 123. .Hutchinson requested to remove the troops, and finally consents, 124 .. Committees of correspondence established, 126. .Hut chinson attempts to make the House admit or disprove the supremacy of Parliament over them, 126.. Hutchinson's treachery exposed, 126. . The East India Company ship tea to Boston, which is thrown into the dock, 127.. Massachusetts leads in opposition to the encroachment of Parliament, 129. CHAPTEE V. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. Passage of the Boston Port Bill, page 133. .Gage appointed Governor, 134 ..His instruction from Dartmouth, 134.. Gage arrives in Boston, 135 . .The bill goes into operation, 136. .Bells tolled, and a day of fasting and prayer appointed, 136.. Boston holds a town meeting, 136.. Two other bills passed by Parliament transferring appointments to the Crown and changing fundamentally our charter, 136.. Four counties met in convention, 137..'Resolutions adopted, 137.. Officers appointed by the Crown compelled to resign and jurors, refused to be sworn, 137.. Mid dlesex, convention's address, 137.. Gage forbids the holding of public meetings, 138. .Seizes public powder at Cl)arlestown and fortifies Bos ton Neck, 138. .Gage calls a General Court, 140. .Revokes the call, 141 . .A Provincial Congress organized at Salem, and adjourned to Con cord, 141. .The Provincial Congress recommend an organization of the militia, appoint general officers, and committees of supplies and safety, 142.. They appoint delegates to the Continental Congress, 143.. The Provincial Congress publish an address to the people, 147.. Select Worcester and Concord as depots for supplies, and appoint a day of fasting and prayer, 148. .Our fathers not rebels, 149. CHAPTEE VI. THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. Importance of the events on the 19th of April, page 152.. The policy of Gen. Gage, 165.. His expedition to Salem, 156. .Warren's oration, 167 ..Seizure of Ditson, attack upon Hancock's house, and other acts of violence, 157.. The second Provincial Congress meet at Concord, and adopt rules and regulations for the army, and send messengers to New Hampshire, Rhode Island^ and Connecticut, to enlist them in the cause, 158. .Take measures to prevent a surprise, 159. .Percy sent to Jamaica Plains, 159. .The action of the clergy, 160. .The teaching of Rev. Jonas Clarke, 161.. Provincial Congress at Concord adjourn, 163.. Design to seize Hancock and Adams, 163..Efforts of the committee of supplies, XU CONTENTS. 165 . . Gage sends out officers on the 18th of April, 1776, preparatory to his movement upon Concord, 167.. These officers carefully watched, 168 ..They seize several citizens, 168. .Movement of British troops in Boston carefully noted, and intelligence sent to Lexington, 169. .Situa tion of the village, 172. .The British troops leave Boston, 174. .Smith becomes alarmed, sends Pitcairn forward with the light troops, and calls upon Gage for a reinforcement, 175. .They reach Lexington about daylight, and find Capt. Parker's men forming upon the Common, 177 . .They fire upon the Americans, some of whom return the fire, 178. . The British move on to Concord, 183. .The Americans retreat over the North bridge, 187. .Detachment sent to Col. Barrett's house to destroy stores, a part stop to guard the bridge, 187.. The Americans approach the bridge and are fired upon and Capt. Davis and Hosmer fall, 190.. The fire returned and one British soldier killed, 190. .The British com mence their retreat, 193.. They are pursued by the Americans, 194.. The retreat soon becomes a rout, 196.. Smith attempts to rally his troops, and is severely wounded, 196. .Percy sent to sustain Smith, 198 ..Yankee Doodle, 198.. Percy meets Smith's fugitives in Lexington, 200. CHAPTEE VII. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON, CONTINUED. Percy assumes the command, page 203. .Heath and Warren join the Pro vincials, 204. .Percy commences his retreat, 204.. The militia gather at West Cambridge, 204.. Zeal of the Danvers men, 206.. Warren par ticularly active, 206.. British barbarity, 206.. Col. Aspinwall's state ment, 208. .The British arrive at Charlestown, 209. .The suffering of their troops, 210.. Their loss, 211.. List of the Americans killed and wounded, 211. .The influence of the events of that day, 214. .The day celebrated in Lexington, 214.. Monument at Lexington, 216.. A Na tional Monument contemplated, 21&. .Monuments at Concord, Acton, ¦ West Cambridge, and Danvers, 219. .Middlesex a Monumental County, 221.. The claim of Concord to the peculiar honors of the day con sidered, 222. CHAPTEE Till. THE EFFECTS OF THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. The idea of Independence of slow growth, page 235. .Independence fore seen by Adams, Hawley, and others, 237.. Bancroft's misapprehension on thi^ subject, 237. .Capt. Parker virtually acted under orders, 242. . The intelligence of the attack at Lexington spread rapidly, 245.. Its effect upon the Colonies, 246. .A vessel sent to England' with the intel ligence, 249.. Its effects upon the ministry and the people of Great Britain, 250. CONTENTS. xiii CHAPTEE IX. FROM THE COMMENCEMENT TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVO LUTION. Capt. Parker's company called to Cambridge on the 6th of May and on the 17th of June, 1775, page 254. .By-laws of the company, 265. .Efforts of Lexington to raise her quota of men, 256. .A Pledge signed by promi nent citizens, 267.. The effort to frame a Constitution, the views of Lexington on the subject, 259.. A Constitution submitted and objected to by Lexington, 262. .Prices of articles during the Revolution, 266. . Another Constitution framed, and adopted by Lexington, 267.. Depre ciation of the currency, 268. .Efforts of Lexington to raise her quota of men, 273. .Instructions to her representative, 275. CHAPTEE X. FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. Population in 1783, page 278.. Shay's rebellion, 279.. A new meeting house built, 281. .Jay's Treaty, 282. '.Death of Rev. Mr. Clarke, 283.. Rev. Mr. Williams settled, 284.. Green's oration, 284.. Mr. Williams dismissed, 284. .The Great Bridge rebuilt, 284. .The 4th of July,. 1814, celebrated, 286.. Reception of Lafayette, and Mr. Phinney's address, 286. .Phinney's History of Lexington Battle, 288. .Adams's letter in defence of Acton, 289. .Stetson's oration, 290. CHAPTEE XI. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. The 19th of April celebrated by the town, page 291. .The remains of the martyrs removed, 292.. The Ministerial Fund, controversy concerning, 294. .Kossuth visits Lexington, 299.. Death of Jonathan Harrington, the last survivor of the Battle of Lexington, 301. .The breaking out of the Rebellion, 305.. Lexington sends her quota of men, 306.. Funeral solemnities on the death of President Lincoln, 309. .Character of Abra ham Lincoln, 311. CHAPTEE XII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM 1692 TO THE DEATH OF THE REV. MR. HANCOCK; Incorporation of the Precinct, page 316.. Establishment of the ministry, 316.. The gathering of the church and the ordination of their first minister, 316. .Death of Mr. Estabrook, 318.. The call and settlement XIV Contents. of Mr. Hancock, 320.. The settlement and death of Rev. Ebenezer Hancock, 320.. Character of Rev. John Hancock, 321.. He was remark able for his industry, 322. .His social qualities, 323. .Distinguished for his wisdom, 325.. His death, 327.. His writings, 328. CHAPTEE XIII. ¦ ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM THE SETTLEMENT TO THE DEATH OF REV. MR. CLARKE. Call and settlement of Rev. Jonas Clarke, page 329.. Change of hymn books, 331.. Character of Mr. Clarke, 334. .His industry, 336.. Mr. Clarke a statesman as well as a divine, 337.. His publications, 337.. His Election Sermon, 339. .Sermon before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, 341 . .Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke compared, 343. CHAPTEE XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS, FROM THE DEATH OF MR. CLARKE TO THE PRESENT DAY. Mr. Williams invited to become pastor and accepts, page 346.. His dis mission, 346. .Settlement and dismission of Mr. Briggs, 347. .Ministry of Mr. Swett, 348 .. Settlement and death of Mr. Whitman, 349.. Ministry of Mr. Barrett, 352.. Ministry of Mr. Staples, 362. .Ministry of Mr. Livermore, 363..Settlement of Mr. Westcott, 366.. The Second Congregational Society, 366.. Dr. Follen employed, 367.. He was lost in the steamer Lexington, on Long Island Sound, 367.. Notice of his life and character, 368.. Ministry of Mr. Dorr, 360. .Ministry of Mr. Bridge, 361. .Union Society, and employment of Mr. Stowe, 361. .The Baptist Society and its clergymen, 362.. The Universalist Society and their clergymen, 363.. The Roman Catholics, 363.. The Orthodox meeting house, 363. CHAPTEE XV. EDUCATION. Interest felt in education by our fathers, page 364.. A school house built and schools established, 365.. A grammar school, 365 .. Sometimes a moving school, 366.. Second school house built, 367. .Appropriations for schools, 367.. Other houses erected, 367.. A report in relation to the school system, 368.. School law of 1827, 368.. Effect of private upon public schools, 369. .Lexington Academy, 370. .Board of Educa tion created, 371.. Normal School in Lexington, 372.. School appro priations, 374.. Dr. Lewis's school for Young Ladies, 375. CONTENTS. XV CHAPTEE XVI. MILITARY APPAIRS. No early record of the military, page 377. .Officers mentioned, 377. .Men who served in the Indian and French wars, 378.. List of Capt. Par ker's company in 1776, 383. .Men called to Cambridge, 386. .Men who served in the Revolution, 386.. War a necessary evil, 393.. Officers and soldiers in service in the Rebellion, 396. CHAPTEE XVII. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. List of Selectmen, page 402.. School Committees, 404.. Assessors, 405.. Town Clerks, 406.. Town Treasurers, 407. .Committees of Correspon dence, 407. .Representatives, 408!. .Senators and Councillors, 408. .Jus tices of the Peace, 409.. Graduates from Colleges, 409. CHAPTEE XVIII. MISCELLANEOUS HISTORY. Situation of Lexington, page 413. .Its soil and productions, 414. .The Cen tre Village, 414.. Belfry Hill, 416 . .Merriam's Hill, 416.. Hancock Height, 417.. Davis's Hill, 418..Fiske Hill. 419. .Loring's Hill, 419.. Mount Independence, 420. .Sanitary condition of Lexington, 421.. Old and New Style, 422. .The origin of the name of the town, 423. . Public buildings, 424. .The churches, 424.. The Town Hall, 425.. Some of the prominent dwellings, 426. .The population of the town at different periods, 437. .Its valuation at different periods, 440. .Slavery in Massachusetts and in Lexington, 440.. Roads, 441.. The Great Bridge, 442. .Manufactures, 442. .Peat, 443. .Paint Mine, 443. .Names of the town streets, 444. INDEX OF NAMES. GEN'EALOGICAL REGISTER OF LEXINGTON FAMILIES. INDEX TO THE ENGRAVINGS. PORTRAIT OF REV. JOHN HANCOCK to face title page. DIAGRAM OF LEXINGTON COMMON IN 1775, to face page 173 BATTLE SCENE ON LEXINGTON COMMON IN 1775, . . .to face page 182 DIAGRAM OF CONCORD VILLAGE, &0 page 191 LEXINGTON MONUMENT, to face page 217 CONTEMPLATED MONUMENT, to face page 219 FOLLEN CHURCH AND RESIDENCE OF DR. FOLLEN, . . .to face page 357 PORTRAIT OP DR. POLLEN, to face page 359 PORTRAIT OF MRS. POLLEN, to face page 360 DR. LEWIS'S LATE FEMALE SEMINART, to face page 375 LEXINGTON RAILROAD STATION HOUSE page 415 CHURCH OP THE FIRST PARISH, to face page 424 MERRIAM HOUSE page 426 LATE RESIDENCE OF CHARLES O. WHITMOllE, Esq. . . .to face page 427 SUMMER RESIDENCE OF P. B. HATES, Esq to face page 428 CLARKE HOUSE, to face page 430 RBSIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM A. TOWER to face page 432 RESIDENCE OP MR. CHARLES TIDD page 433 COTTAGE OP MR. LUKE C. CHILDS, page 434 RESIDENCE OP MR. WARREN DUREN page 435 RESIDENCE OP MR. CHARLES HUDSON page 436 IN THE GENEALOGY. PORTRAIT OF JONATHAN HARRINGTON, to face page 96 BUMMER RESIDENCE OF MRS. MARIA CART, to face page 102 PORTRAIT OP MR. CHARLES HUDSON to face page 109 PORTRAIT OP COLONEL WILLIAM MUNROE to face page 158 OLD MUNROE TAVERN, to face page 161 OLD PARKER HOUSE page 176 PORTRAIT OF REV. THEODORE PARKER, to face page 1 76- EESIDENCE OP THE LATE ME. STEPHEN ROBBINS, . . .to face page 201 RESIDENCE OF THE LATE MR. ELI ROBBINS, ..... page 202 PORTRAIT OF KEV. CALEB STETSON to face page 234 HISTORY or LEXINGTON CHAPTER I. FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT TO THE INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. The Origin of Towns, and Value of Town-Meetings — Character of the early Settlers of the Province -r- Puritan Colonies compared with Others — History of Lexington involved in. that of Cambridge — The People desire an Increase of Territory — Removal of Rev. Mr. Hooker and his Flock — Shawshine granted to Cambridge — Settlement of Cambridge Farms — Incorporated as a Precinct — Erectipn of a Meetiiig-House — The Subscribers' Names — The First Tax Bill — Ministerial Land Purchased — Mr. Estabrook called as their Ministei — A House , built for Mr. Estabrook — Mr. Bstabrook's Ordination and Death — Mr. Hancock settled — Additional Seats in the Meeting provided — Ammunition and School Money asked for — The Common purchased — The Precinct petition to be made a Town — Voted to build a new Meeting-HoUse.^ Hardships and Privations of the First Settlers — The Prominence of the Religious Idea — Military Titles and Military Men. The object of histoiy is to present a picture of the past, so that we may be stimulated to imitate the virtues and shun the vices of those who have gone before us. But as the events wliich engage our attention are, in a great degree, the results of human actions, we can never understand the philosophy of history without ascertaining the characters and the motives of the prin cipal actors in the scenes narrated. As we shall speak of the value and importance of the history of towns, it may be desirable to understand the rise of these little municipalities, which had their origin in Massachusetts ; and which have extended, with some modifications, over a large section of our country. Towns, in the present acceptation of the term, were not established at once, but grew up grq,dually, out of the wants of the people. As the Charter vested all power 18 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON in the General Court, these plantations or towns could have no powers, except what were expressly granted them by the Court. The Puritans came to this country to enjoy religious privileges, and hence they would naturaUy settle compactly, so that they could easily convene for public worship, and also be able to sup port their schools. As all the land was owned by the Colony, no individual or company could lawfully hold any portion of it, except by a grant from the General Court. Such grants were freely made to companies, and were denoimaated plantations , or townships. They were described by boundaries more or less specific, and were generaUy designated by some name. But these towns had no powers beyond that of holding lands, on certain spiecific conditions, which usuaUy included that of supporting a minister, and maintaining pubUc worship. As the labors and duties of the General Court multipUed, they soon found it necessary, or at least convenient, to devolve certain duties upon the towns. And, s^s might be expected, situated as they were, in a wilderness, surrounded by savages on whose friendship they could hardly rely, they first required these town ships to do something for self-defence. As early as 1630, the General Court made it the duty of the towns to see that aU their able-bodied men were suppUed with fire-arms ; and where any person, by reason of poverty, could not supply himself, arms were to be furnished by the towns. In 1634, towns were required to maintain a watch of two men by night, and also to provide, at their own expense, a place for the safe-keeping of arms and ammunition ; and to see that aU taxes were properly apportioned on the people. They were also empowered, when apphed to, either by the employer or the employee, to fix the wages of labor. In 1635, towns were required to provide standard weights and measures ; and, the year foUowing, they were empowered to decide upon the location of houses within their respective limits, and to make certain by-laws in relation to their own affairs, subject to the revision of the Court, and to elect certain officers, such as constables and surveyors of high ways. In 1637-, towns were authorized to restrain swine from running at large within their limits, and to nominate to the Court suitable persons to sell wiae and strong water. In 1639, they were empowered to erect posts, in some public place, on which TO ITS MefdRPORATION AS A TOWN. 19 the intentions of marriage inight be la.wfu:Uy posted, in case thfey had no pubUc lecture ; and Avere reqtiired to make returns to the Court of all the births, deaths, and marriages. The office of Seleotmffi, which became one of the iriost important in the towns, griew Up like the towns themselves, from smaU beginnings. In 1639 it was provided by the Court that towns might choose two or three men to lay out highways ; in 1642 they were spoken of as " selected townsmen," and as men selected to manage the prudential affairs; and in 1647 as " selectmeiii." In 1641, the selectmen of towns were fuUy authorized to lay out town ways and erect towii bounds ; and in 1646,. towns were required to report to the Greneral Court the names of aU idle' and unprofitable pfefSons within the same, and to perambulate their town lines once in three years. In this way the General Court, from time to time, as the case seemed to require, enlarged the duties and privileges of towns, and provided, somewhat in detail, for the number and duties of town officers.' The manner in which they should hold their felectioiis, has been foUy defined by statute. Toii^s are inade mimicipal corporations, subject to the laws of the State ; ahd as their duties, ofeHgatioUs and Uabilities,'as weU as their rights and |>rivileges, are the result of long experience,- we might naturaUy conclude that such muiiicipaMes are foiinded in wisdom, aind adapted to the wants of the people. And so indeed they have proved. In aU our past history', in peace and in war, we have found these' organizations exactly suited to the condition, wants and genius of our people. In addition to aU the municipal duties and privileges, the towns had all the duties and preroga tives of paifishes; The one, in a good degree, included' the other. Towns ^ere, in the absence of other provisions, parishes, though parishes were not Always to'wiis. The duties devolved upon towns, and the powers exercised by fowii officers, especiaUy by the " townsmen," or selectmen, were greater in the early days of our history than they are at present. Hifltoty, to be instruo The Fiskes, a somewhat numerous famUy, were among the first settiers at the Farms. They were located on East street near the residence of the late Joseph Fiske. One branch of the famUy fixed its residence on the place now occupied by Joseph F. Simonds, on Hancock street. Some of the famUy subsequently settled on the Concord road, and hence the name of " Fiske HUl." Ha-ving dra'wn this general outline, and spoken of the famiUes who resided in the out parts of the town, it -wiU be expected that we fiU up the picture, and give the names of the famUies who resided in the centre'. We have already intimated that the first settlers resided near the boundaries of the town, when there were no inhabitants in what is now regarded as the -vUlage. As their famUies increased, and the idea of becoming a separate parish was agitated, they would naturaUy tum their minds to some central point for a viUage. This would, as a matter of course, induce some of the sons of the first settlers to seek lands near the proposed -viUage for their abode. There were also some famiUes coming into town which would naturaUy desu-e the same central location. This contributed to the increase of population in the viUage. Among those who came into town and settled in the centre, was Benjamin Muzzy, probably from Maiden, who bought his farm in 1693. He came to the precinct about that time, and took up his habitation on the place which Rufus Mer riam now occupies. He was the ancestor of aU the Lexington men of that name. A few years later, John Mason from Water- 44 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON ^own settled on the Main street near the old Munroe tavern, and hence the name of "Mason's Hollow." There is no plan of the township with the lots laid down, and hence it is impossible to state the exact location of the early famiUes. The description given above wUl serve as a general guide, and other incidents and facts disclosed in the sequel wiU cast ftirther light upon the subject. The growth of the settlement was at first slow. A large share of the land being held by speculators, they would natu rally retain it in their hands with the hope of an advance in price. The unsettled state of our relations -with the Indians, would . doubtless deter many from leaving the older settlements, where they felt perfectly secure, and settling in a more exposed township. It it true that the place was never disturbed by the incursions of the savages, yet the fact that during PhUip's War, they burnt Sudbuty, and Groton, and Andover, and Chelms ford, must have spread terror and dismay through this settle ment, at least so far as to check its increase. But after that dessolating struggle had terminated by the death of PhUip in 1676, the people had rest ; and this, as weU as other new settle ments, received some accessions. In 1682, the number of the famUies at the Farms amounted to about thirty, and the number of souls to about one himdred and eighty. Several of these famiUes had come to the place within two or three years. But in addition to the unavoidable privations of a new settle ment, they were destitute of what was considered by our pious fathers, one of the indispensable prerequisites to the growth and prosperity of the place. They had no ministry among them, and so had no convenient opportunity of enjoying the ordinances of the Gospel, without traveling from five to ten nules. With this state of things they could not long be contented. Johnson, in his " Wonder-Working Pro-vidence," has justly said of our fathers, " It is as unnatural for a right New England man to Uve without an able ministiy, as for a smith to work his iron without fire." Actuated by such feeUngs as are here impUed, in October, 1682, the people petition the General Court to be set off as a distmct parish. This petition was signed by James Cutler, Matthew Bridge, Jr., David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., Francis Whitinore, John Tidd, Ephraim Winship, and TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 45 John Winter, in behalf of themselves and the inhabitants of the Farms. The people of Cambridge zealously opposed the sepa ration, and the prayer of the petitioners was not granted. The apphcation, however, was renewed in 1684, when the Court appointed a Committee to inquire into the merits of the case ; and if they were satisfied that the prayer ought to be granted, to report a suitable boundary for the parish. The Committee, after due, investigation, reported favorably to the petitioners ; but the opposition of Cambridge again prevailed, and the report of the Committee was defeated. Conscious of the rectitude of their intentions, and the justice of their cause, they renewed their petition in 1691 ; when the Court, in view of the inconvenience under which they labored, and of the growth of the settlement, granted their request, as -wUl be seen by an entry upon their Journal under date of December 15, 1691. " Upon reading the petition of the farmers -within the precinct and bounds of the to-wn of Cambridge towards Concord, therein setting forth their distance, (the nearest of them U-ving about five mUes) from Cambridge Meeting House, their place of wor ship, praying that aqcording to a former application by them several years since made unto this Court, for the advantage of themselves, famiUes, and property, they may have this Court's favor and Ucense in order to the caUing of a fit minister for dis pensing the Gospel among them ; also that they may become a distinct viUage for the end proposed in their said petition ; the Selectmen of Cambridge having had a copy of said petition sent them -with a notification of the time for their being heard there upon this day, and accordingly attending : " After a fioU hearing and consideration of what was offered by both parties, it is granted and ordered by this Court, that the Petitioners be and they hereby are permitted and aUowed to in-vite and settle an able and orthodox minister, for the dispen sing of the Gospel among, them, and that aU the inhabitants K-ving -within the Une formerly stated by a Committee of this Court, A.D. 1684, 'beginning at the first mentioned water or swampy place over which is a kind of bridge in the way, on the south side of Francis Whitmore's house towards the to-wn of Cambridge aforesaid, across the neck of land lying between Woburn line and that of Watertown side, upon a southwest and 46 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON northeast course,' do pay unto the minister's maintenance there, and are hereby empowered annuaUy to choose three or five meet persons to assess their inhabitants for the support and main tenance of their minister ; as also a constable or coUector to gather the same, by warrant from said assessors. The said farmers not being hereby discharged from paying their propor tion as formerly unto aU public charges in the town, except what refers to the ministry, so long as they maintain an able minister among themselves." In the description of the boundary of the Precinct only one line is mentioned ; the other portions bordering on Watertoivn, Woburn, Concord and BUlerica, rendered a description of those lines unnecessary. The order conferring corporate powers upon the people of the Farms, constituted them a Precinct and gave them authority to manage their parochial affairs ; but in aU other respects they remained a part of Cambridge as before. Being incorporated December, 1691, the people assembled for the first time under the act, on the 22d of AprU, 1692, and made choice of David Fiske, Sen. , as Clerk, " to write the votes of the inhabitants of the place, and to keep a record of them." This was the first corporate act of the farmers, and here their records commence. Before this date, aU we know of the people of Cambridge Farms, is gleaned from the Cambridge records, and other records and papers found in the hands of individuals. At their first meeting, April 22d, after organizing by the choice of a clerk, they proceeded to carry out the object for which they had sought corporate powers, -viz. that of obtaining a stated ministry — by voting " That Mr. Benjamin Estabrook shall be the man that shold be invited to preach to them, by a clear voat, and that he shall be spoken to to preach to us, a year from the first of May, 1692; and that Samuel Stone, Sen., and David Fiske, Sen., shold speak to him to come and preach to us as aforesaid." " Voted, That we wUl give him forty pounds for a year, half in money, viz., twenty pounds, and twenty pounds in other pay at money prise, and that it should be for his salary, and to supply for his entertainments." Pre-vious to this meeting and probably immediately after obtaining their act of incorporation in December, 1691, an TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 47 effort was made to erect a meeting house in the Precinct, and a subscription was set on foot to obtain funds for that purpose. This subscription is preserved, and is the oldest paper upon our records ; and it becomes exceedingly valuable, as it bears the names of the principal inhabitants, and shows the interest they felt in the cause of religious institutions. This paper, which we shall give entire, is valuable in several respects. It not only contains the names of the inhabitants, but is generaUy a fair relative valuation of the property which each one possessed ; for it should be remembered that at that day and for such an object, the people generally contributed according to their means. I shaU have occasion to refer to this list frequently in the sequel. The Subscriptions of several Persons towards the first Building of a Meeting House. David Ffiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., ' ^ Matthew Bridge, Ephraim -Winship, NTohn Winter, ^Joseph Symonds, vJVilliam Munroe, John Russell, Thomas Cutler, David Ffiske, Jr., Philip Russell, William Carley, Corp. John Stone, John Johnson, 'North,' Corp. William Reed, Samuel Winship, John Merriam, Robert Merriam, Thomas Johnson, John Munroe, John Stone, 'West,' SUM. £ s. 2 101010 10 000000 12 0000 16 101010 00 00 1010" 5 00 00 £ 38 03 Brought up, 1^ Joseph Teed, Joseph Locke, William Stearns, James Cutler, Daniell Stone, John Cutler, John Hewes, Jonathan Knight, William Johnson, Samuell Whitmore, SMatthew Bridge, Jr., ^Thomas Blodgitt, Samuel Stone, ? David's son, S John Winter, Jr., Josiah Hobs, "¦John Teed, Sen... Joseph Merriam, Samuell Stone, ' West,' Benjamin Muzzy, £ *. 38 03 00 00 00 00 0012 1 10 2 00 1 10 1 10 1 00 1 10 1 00 16 10 2 10 1 10 1 00 2 00 £62 01 It -wiU be observed that several of the names in the above Ust are distinguished by the points of the compass, as "North," and 48 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON " We^t." Tliis addition was for the purpose of distinguishing theUi from persons of the same name, and was a poor substitute for senior and junior. The foUowing is the Tax Bill for the payment of the minister's Salaty from May 1, 1692, to May 1, 1693 : d. £ s. d. 0 Brought up, 27 2 11 0 John Cutler, 10 6 0 Obediah Johnson, 7 6 6 Joseph Perry, 7 0 0 ^ Thomas Rugg, ' 6 0 9 -^John Comey, 6 0 0 David Fiske, Jr., 1 00 0 6 Thomas Smith, 16 6 0 John Smith, 7 0 0 Isaac Stearnes, 16 9 0 John Stone, ' West,' ' 13 6 6 Samuel Stone, ' East,' 13 0 3 >Thomas Cutler, 18 9 9 Samuel Stone, ' West,' 18 0 6 Joseph Stone, 9 6 9 Nathaniel Bowman, 7 6 0 Francis Bowman, 110 0 Samuel Whitmore, 13 0 6 George Adams, Sen., 6 0 6 George Adams, Jr., 11 0 0 David Stone, 8 6 6 John Axlin, 6 0 0 Josiah Hobs, 6 0 3 -^William Munroe, Jr., 6 0 3 John Poulter, 7 6 0 Daniel Stone, 8 6 9 John Stearnes, 8 6 \ David Fiske, Sen., Samuell Stone, Sen., Widow Merriam, Joseph Merriam, John Johnson, Ephraim Winshij), Samuel Winship, John Russell, Philip Russell, William Mnnroe, N John Munroe, Benjamin Muzzy, William Carley, John Hewes, William Johnson, William. Reed, '^ John Teed, ^ Jbseph Teed, > Samuel Teed, ^ Daniel Teed, Israel Mead, , Joseph Locke, ^ Matthew Bridge, Sen; ~N Matthew Bridge, Juh. John Stone, 'East,' ; John Winter, John Merriam, "^ Joseph Symonds, £ s. 1 10 2 2 1 12 14 13 1 3 16 18 1 00 1 17 1 16 1 00 12 8 19 1 00 9 77 1 3 10 1 11 1016 1 1 16 17 £ 27 2 11 £41 1 5 DA-VID FISKE, SAMUEL STONE, ' EPHRAIM WINSHIP, ! Assessora. These two papers, the subscription for the meeting house, and the first tax bUl for the support of their minister, are both valu able, as they contain the names of aU the male inhabitants, and TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 49 show us who were the largest holders of real estate at the incor poration of the precinct. The tax bUl contains a full list of the ratable inhabitants, whUe the subscription, though it does not bear the name of every citizen, contains the names of some who were not resident in the place, but felt an interest in the prosper ity of the settlement. There is also a remarkable coinci4ence between the tax and the subscription, which speaks well for the liberaUty of the inhabitants. On the subscription, David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., Matthew Bridge, Sen., Ephraim Winship, Joseph Simonds and WUliam Munroe, stand the six highest, and on the tax biU the same gentlemen maintain their relative position. In fact, the two papers show that each one was wiUing to bear his share of the burdens of supporting reUgious institutions, whether they were imposed by a tax or left to his voluntaty offering, — a fact which, we fear, would put many members of reUgious societies at this day to the blush. The last tax bill spread out upon the record is in 1696, and bears the names of about a dozen tax payers not found on the list three years before. This increase consists of several young men who had arrived at a taxable age, and several others who had come into town. Among the latter were Ebenezer Whitney, •Ebenezer Nutting, Daniel White, Joseph Grant, John Wilson, James WUson and John Lawrence. I have been thus particu lar in giving the names of the tax payers, because it fixes the residence of individuals, and gives, proximately, the population at that period. Being organized as a parish, the people took measures to secure to themselves the great object for which they had sovight corporate powers, the enjoyment of a Gospel ministry. The meeting house contemplated by the subscription of which we have spoken, was erected early in the year 1692. It was located at the junction of the Concord and Bedford roads, near where the hay scales now stand. Having engaged Mr, Estabrook to preach for them one year and provided a house of worship, they looked forward to a continued ministry and its permanent sup port. At their second parish meeting, held March 1, 1692-3, after choosing their appropriate officers, they adopted the foUow ing measure, the effect of which is felt to this day : — 50 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON " It was voted that a pese of land shall be bought for the min istry, and payd for by the inhabitants by a rate." "David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., Ephraim Winship, Benjamin Muzzy, William Munroe and John Teed shall treat with the town of Cambridge to by or obtain a pece of land for our ministry." At a meeting on the 24th of the same month, "It was voted that we wUl empower the men chosen to treat -with the selectmen of Cambridge, and their committee, about the purchasing of the land about the casey, and to make a ftiU agreement with them, either to buy the whole of said land, or a part of it, which they may see fit, for our ministry ; and that we engage to stand to what these men shall agree unto, and that we wUl bear every man their proportion of money for the purchasing said land." The men chosen as aforesaid were David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., John Teed, Ephraim Winship, Benjamin Muzzy, WiUiam Munroe, Sen., WUliam Reed and Francis Bowman, — the two last being added to the former committee. These men met the selectmen of Cambridge, and bought all the common land aforesaid, viz., "that on the east side of the casey by meas ure for 10 shillings per acre, 12 acres, 6 pounds ; and the rest of the common land on the other side, and on the south side of Vine Brook meadow, for 12 pounds in money." This was done April 28, 1693, as appears under the hand of the town clerk of Cambridge, Jonathan Remington. A rate was made for the payment of this money upon all the inhabitants. This was the foundation of the Ministerial Fund, which has proved, as such ftmds generaUy do, a source of evU as well as good. ' After adopting measures for the support of the ministiy, the people were desirous of having a settled minister. Mr. Esta brook had been employed only by the year, and, being gratified with his labors, they were anxious that the tenure of the relation should be rendered more permanent ; and hence, at their meeting March 24, 1692-3, they adopted the following hearty and sin cere vote, though rather equivocally expressed: "At a meeting of the inhabitants it was voted, that wee will give Mr. Benjamin Estabrook a call to settle with us, our minister for time to come till God's providence otherwise dispose of him." TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 51 To show the sincerity of the invitation, and their high appreci ation of him as a man and as their spiritual guide, it was voted at a subsequent meeting, " that wee will build a house for Mr. Estabrook upon his own land, 42 feet long and 18 feet wide, 14 feet studs, and a ceUar under one of the rooms ; and engage to pay evety man his proportion to the building and finishing the same ; and we give power to the selectmen to levy the charge upon every man in our precinct." When this house was finished, it was presented to him on the following Uberal and manly terms : "Voted, that the house built for Mr. Benjamin Estabrook should be deUvered to him freely without any obligation, but his settling with iis, and his taking ofis -with us, and abiding with us." This house was situated on the easterly bank of Vine brook, between Main street and the raUroad. Having given Mr. Estabrook a call to the permanent work of the ministry among them, they recommended the formation of a church, and adopted measures for his ordination. But while they were preparing for the settlement of a minister, they did not overlook the house in which he was to hold forth, and where they were to attend upon his teaching. The meeting house erected in 1692, appears not to have been finished in the inside. But -with the increase of their means, and the prospect of a settled minister, they were desirous of "setting their house in order." At a meeting held, March 26, 1695, they adopted a vote replete with care and gallantry, showing that they were aUve to every good work, and not behind the times in all improvements save in orthography. " It was voated that the meeting house shal first be repayered, and that the bodey of seats shal be driven back, and that there shal be a table set up before the body of seats, the whol length of the body seats ; and that the meeting house shall be seelled up with pine boards, and handsom seats for women be made on each side the meeting house, raised to convenient height, of which that on the east side next the door shal be for Mrs. Estabrook." It was also voted "that the galary shaU be inlarged, and thre seats made on each side galary, and four seats in the front galary, aU made and well finished ; " and " Samuel Winship, Jonathan Poulter, Samuel Stone, west, Joseph Teed and 52 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON Benjamin Muzzy " were entrusted with the execution of the work. Having provided a house for Mr. Estabrook, and for the refitting of the meeting house, they made further provision for his maintenance — the sum heretofore offered being deemed inadequate. It was voted, " 1. That for the next three years to com, we wUl give Mr. Estabrook, for his salary, forty-five pounds, per year, to be paid him half in money ; the other half, if it be^not paid in money, that what it is, shall be paid him at money prise. Also that there shall be one contribution every quarter of the year, the above-said three years, and what is then given shall be paid to Mr. Estabrook, besides the above-named forty-five pounds. "2. It was voated that after the aforesaid three years are out, the four quarterly contributions shaU cease, and for the fiiture we wiU pay him for his salary fifty-six pounds per year, in and as money, he continuing to preach with us, and take ofiis with us. "3. It was also voted that the selectmen or assessors and constable for the time being, being chosen from year to year, shaU stand engaged for the payment of the aforesaid salary, and shaU clear up their accounts with the minister -within the year, and that what is paid, that is not money, shall be brought to the minister's house by the persons voted their proportion to pay, and the account brought in by them to the constable." These terms being acceptable to Mr. Estabrook, the 21st of October, 1696, was fixed upon for his ordination, and the selectmen and John Merriam were directed " to pro-vide what is necessary for the entertainment of the Magestral Ministers and- Messengers of the Church that day." Mr. Estabrook was accordingly ordained, October 21, 1696, agreeably to the arrangement. Thus was perfected the great purpose for which they had for years been laboring. They buUt them a house of worship ; they had gathered a Christian church ; and to give Ufe and vitality to the institutions of religion in their midst, and especiaUy to render their gospel privUeges permanent, they had a tried and faithful pastor settled over them, according to the usages of the churches. No doubt they regarded this as an important era in their history, and looked forward with fond TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 53 anticipation to years of Christian edification and prosperity. But alas, how uncertain are human anticipations ! How fleeting are our visions of bliss ! On the 22d of July, 1697, after a ministry of only nine months, Mr. Estabrook was removed from his earthly labors to the great regret of his Uttle flock. Soon after the death of Mr, Estabrook, the attention of the society was directed to Mr. John Hancock, son of Nathaniel Hancock, of Cambridge. On the 7th of November, 1697, the parish made choice of him to preach for them till the May following as a candidate for settlement. He complied with their request, and subsequently received a caU for a permanent settle ment — which he accepted; and on the 2d of November, 1698, he was pubUcly ordained as their pastor. They agreed to give him eighty pounds as a settlement, and to pay him the same salary they had given his predecessor. Rev. Mr. Estabrook. Having settied their minister on terms acceptable to the parties, the attention of the people was again called to their house of worship, and to the accommodation of the worshipers. It seems that Uberty had been, given to Captain William Reed, "to make a sette for his wife in y° Meeting House, on y^ men's side in the hindermost seate, five foote of the east end of it, and so up to the stayers against it, for y° use forementioned." The erection of this seat by Capt. Reed induced others to make a simUar appUcation, and at a meeting held March 6, 1698-9, " Liberty was granted to Robert Merriam, Joseph Stone, Jona than Poulter, John Munroe and Thomas Merriam to byeld a seat for their wives, on the within back side of the Meeting House, from Goodwife Reed's to the women's stayers." But these individual efforts faUed to meet the public wants, and the parish itself took the matter in hand. At a meeting, Sept. 6, 1700, "It was then agreed that they would buUd tow upper gaUeries, and put it in the hands of the Assessors and Committee to doe the work decently and well, and to agree with the workmen for the price of it ; this Committee is to be under stood that Committee that was chosen at the last "publique Meet ing in June." Though the people at the Farms had asked simply to be incor porated as a parish, and. gave their first attention and care to the church, they did not entirely overlook the affairs of state. Feel- 54 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON ing that they were in danger from sudden incursions of the Indians, and that their distance from the village of Cambridge, where the arms and ammunition were deposited, rendered them nearly useless to them in case of a sudden attack, they directed " Capt. WiUiam Reed, Lieutenant Thomas Cutler, and Ensi^ Simonds, to petition the town of Cambridge, that that part of the public stock of ammunition for the town which is supposed to belong to our share, may be kept in the parish ; and it was also voted that those three gentlemen should take care for and provide' a place to keep it in." Nor did the good people of the parish overlook the wants of the rising generation. " It was also agreed and voted, that the town [of Cambridge] be requested to allow six pounds out of the town's rate for the encourageirient of a school in the precinct." Neither did they confine their care to mere inteUectual culture such as would be taught in the schools. They saw the impor tance of moral and reUgious culture, and felt it their duty to watch over the morals of the chUdren and youth ; and hence at a meeting held January 28, 1700, "It was voted that Joseph Locke, John La-wrence, John Mason and Jonathan Poulter be requested to take some prudent care that the chUdren and youth may not play at meeting, and thereby profane the Lord's Day." And whUe they were desirous that their chUdren should be brought up in the nurture and admonition of the Lord, and so become ornaments of his church, and reflect honor uppn the reUgion they professed, they had a just appreciation of the tem poral wants of him whom they had chosen as their spiritual guide, and upon whose labors they must depend, in a great degree, in accomplishing that desirable and all-important end. Hence it was " voted that the Rev. Mr. Hancock's salary should be advanced to sixty pounds, payable as before, and the quar terly contributions to continue tUl further order." It was also voted that Mr. Hancock be aUowed to take timber from the parish land to repair his buUdings and fences, and wood sufficient to supply his fires. The meeting house erected in 1692, stood at the junction of the Concord and Bedford roads, near the present hay scales, and was upon land included -within the highways ; the land which now constitutes the Common being private property. Seeing TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 55 the propriety of securing a plot near the meeting house for a public common, at a meeting held in April, 1711, it was agreed by the inhabitants of the precinct to buy the land about the meeting house, of Mr. Benjamin Muzzy, and to do it by sub scription. A paper was accordingly drawn up and circulated, and the foUowing names and sums were obtained : s. d. £ s. d. Ensign Joseph Bowman, 10 0 Brought up, 8 4 0 Capt. Joseph Estabrook, 10 0 ^Thomas Rugg, 4 0 Benjamin Muzzy, 10 0 Joseph Merriam, 5 0 XMatthew Bridge, 10 0 Jonathan Fiske, 5 0 Samuel Stone, 10 0 Samuel Stearns, 6 0 Dea. Samuel Stone, 10 0 Joseph Stone, 6 0 Dea. John M«rriam, 6 0 Sherebiah Kerbe, 1 0 "-^John Mason, 6 0 ^" Ens. Joseph Simonds, 5 0 Samuel Locke, 6 0 \ Thomas Blodgett, 5 0 William Russell, 4 0 John Meade, 8 0 ^George Munroe, 10 0 David Russell, 2 6 Joseph Loring, 6 0 John Locke, 6 0 Ephraim Winship, 4 0 .Francis Whitmore, 4 0 John Muzzy, 2 6 Richard Muzzy, 5 0 'Slohn Munroe, 10 0 Samuel Winship, 5 0 Robert Merriam, 7 0 Samuel Whitmore, Sen., 6 0 James Russell, 2 0 Joseph Brown, 6 0 John Cutler, Sen., 5 0 ^ William Munroe, Jr., 6 0 Widow Fiske, 2 0 Isaac Hunt, 5 0 David Meade, 5 0 ^ David Munroe, 3 ¦0 Widow Hannah Stone, 2 6 John Russell, Sen., 3 0 Daniel Stone, 3 0 Elihu Wardwell, 2 0 John Stones, ' West,' 5 0 ^John Comee, 2 0 Samuel Stone, Jr., 6 0 Capt. William Reed, 10 0 David Fiske, Sen., 6 0 Philip Russell, Sen., 10 0 Robert Fiske, 2 0 '^ Lieut. Thomas Cutler, 6 0 Thomas Merriam, 6 0 ' £14 8 6 £i ! 4 0 This subscription fell a trifle short of the purchase money, which was sixteen pounds, and was undoubtedly made up by individuals. The deed given by Mr. Muzzy, bearing date June 14, 1711, acknowledges the receipt of sixteen pounds, paid by " the inhabitants of that most northerly part and precinct of Cam bridge commonly caUed Cambridge Farms, towards Concord," 56 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON and grants " to the said inhabitants and their successors forever, a certain parcel of land, by estimation one acre and a half, more or less, lying and being situate in Cambridge Farms, nigh the meeting house, and is bounded northerly by the said Muzzy as the fence now stands, and elsewhere by highways ; to have and to hold said land with all the timber, stones, trees, wood and underwood, herbage and messuage, with all and singular, the profits, privUeges and appurtenances thereto belonging." This land, though bought by individuals of the parish, appears to have been dedicated to public use. In January, 1713, they voted to locate their meeting house upon this land, so that, when the parish became a town, and the town as successor of the parish came into possession of this property, they took it subject to the right of the parish to occupy such portion of it as might be necessary for a meeting house, and the necessary appurte nances to the same. Consequently, the parish continued this use of a portion of the common more than a century, and aban doned that use in 1846, since which time the whole property has been in the possession of the town, which now holds it by a clear and indisputable title ; and the Revolutionary associations which cluster around this spot, render it one of the consecrated battle-fields of our country, which wUl be remembered and honored as long as freedom has a votaty, or heroic deeds com mand the admiration of mankind. Being merely a precinct, the people had no legal power to provide themselves with schools or roads, or even to select their own local town officers ; and being eight miles from Cambridge, and ha-ving an interest in many respects different from that of the central viUage, it is natural to suppose that they would desire to set up for themselves, that they might the better supply their own wants, and manage their own affairs in their own way. At a meeting held October 28, 1712, they chose a committee to confer with the town of Cambridge and to petition the General Court to erect them into a town. This committee subsequently received a renewed expression of the same sentiments, and were by their constituents clothed with full powers to make such an arrangement with the people of Cambridge as they might deem expedient and equitable between the parties. In virtue of this authority they made an arrange- TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 57 ment with the parent town for a separation, the new town becoming obligated to support in part what was denominated the " great bridge " over Charles river in Cambridge, of which we shaU speak more particularly hereafter. WhUe the people at the Farms were aspiiing at the indepen dence of a town, and taking active measures to secure that end, they kept a steadfast eye upon those religious institutions on which their prosperity as a parish or a town must mainly depend. They therefore resolved to build them a meeting house more capacious in its dimensions, and one which would meet the wants of the growing population of the place. At a meeting held Januaty 9, 1713, they voted to build a new meeting house on the plan of the one at Concord, — the house to be fifty feet long, forty feet wide, and twenty feet studs, with one tier of galleries, — to be located upon the land recently bought of Benjamin Muzzy. A committee, consisting of Capt. WUliam Reed, Quarter-master Samuel Stone, '^Sergeant John Munroe, Mr. Thomas Merriam and^Mr. Thomas Blodgett, was chosen to carry the measure into effect. This meeting house, the second erected in the place, was situ ated in the rear of the former, and nearly half way between the hay scales and the liberty pole. This house stood till it was superseded by another, buUt 1793, which was placed twenty feet in the rear of its predecessor. The house here proposed to be buUt was the one standing on the common at the opening of the Revolution. Having arrived at a period when the corporate character of the place was to be changed, and the precinct was to be merged in the town, we may well pause and reflect upon the scenes through which the infant settlement had passed, the difficulties and dan gers they had encountered, and the progress they had made. We have seen that for about a half a century they had no organ ization of their own, no centre of attr^-ction around which to gather ; but were like a distant colony, doomed to provide for themselves, and yet under the control of the home government. They were deprived of the advantages of schooling for their chUdren, and, in a great degree, of the privileges of gospel insti tutions. In a word, they were citizens of Cambridge, governed 58 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON by Cambridge regulations, subjected to Cambridge restrictions and taxed to maintain Cambridge institutions, and, at the same time, were so remote as to be deprived, in a great degree, of Cambridge privUeges. Not, however, that the town of Cam bridge was severe or exacting, or intended to be oppressive upon those who dwelt upon her remote territory. But, from the necessity of the case, they were deprived of many jprivileges enjoyed in more central localities, and exposed to many hard ships from which their more favored townsmen were exempt. Their isolated position and dependence upon a remote settle ment, deprived them of those motives to build up institutions of their own, which are so essential to the growth and prosperity of any community. These circumstances were unfavorable to the increase of population, and so kept them longer in a state of comparative destitution. Living, as we do, in these days of prosperity, we can hardly realize the trials, and privations of the first settlers. We can picture to ourselves the hardships encountered in the distant western wUderness, and the sufferings in unexplored regions of our country ; but can hardly reaUze that here — in the midst of a thriving population, in the centre of plenty and luxury, where agriculture pours forth aU her stores, manufactures supply all the necessaries, and commerce all the luxuries, of life — there could ever have been want and destitu tion, dangers and sufferings. But so it was. This section was once new, once the abode of savages and wUd beasts, and our fathers who first explored these hUls and dales, cleared dense forests and subdued a rugged soU, had to encounter the same toUs and;dangers, and submit to the trials and privations which fall to the lot of those who now penetrate the wilds of Nebraska and Oregon. There is a kind of poetry in the descriptions of frontier adven ture and wilderness life. We are animated by tales of dano-ers encountered and difficulties overcome, of clearing dense forests, and making the wilderness rejoice and blossom as the rose. But after all, those who pass through these scenes know that there are tangible hardships and sober reaUties in the toUs and priva tions, the dangers and sufferings, of a frontier life. To be exUed from the abodes of civilization, to be cut off from the comforts and enjoyments of a settled country, to roam with TO ITS INCORPORATION AS A TOWN. 59 beasts of prey joint tenants of the forest, to dwell in rude habi tations, and be doomed to incessant toU to obtain a coarse and scanty subsistence, — may be made attractive in a romance, or pleasing in song ; but when they are brought home to the expe rience of men, they are found to be evUs to be avoided rather than blessings to be desired. It is true that the settiers at Cambridge Farms were not very far distant from the settlements at Cambridge and Watertown ; but these towns at that day were not what they are at pres ent; and these neighboring settlements, though they might, under some circumstances, afford protection, could not impart plenty, or relieve the daily pressing \vants of the inhabitants. A grandchUd of one of the early settlers in this place says : " The old patriarch has often related with tears in his eyes the poverty and destitution experienced, the hardships borne, and the trials endured by the first inhabitants of the place. Their dwellings were smaU and rude, — the same room serving the various purposes of kitchen and parlor, dining-room and bed room, storehouse and workshop. Their furniture was of the most primitive kind ; blocks or forms made of split logs fur nished their seats, wooden spoons, made with a knife, enabled them to eat their bread and mUk, or bean porridge, out of rude bowls or troughs, cut with an axe from blocks of wood." With such accommodations, and with comforts corresponding, their condition was not calculated to excite envy or stimulate pride, but rather to excite commiseration in others and the most untiring industry and rigid frugality in themselves. They sub- \ sisted upon simple food, clothed themselves with coarse fabrics of their own production, and were sheltered by rude and incon venient huts. But by persevering efforts, by almost incessant labor, they contrived to subsist, and, in most cases, to rear large families, a blessing somewhat peculiar to new settlements. Though the history of the place from its first settlement to its incorporation as a town presents no thrUling incidents or events of much magnitude, yet the ordinary routine of business and the developments of institutions furnish us with a true picture of New England character, and the manners and customs of the age. We have seen that the first great object of the people was to rear reUgious institutions. Attached as they were to schools, 60 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and anxious as they were for roads, and inclined as they were to mUitary defence, we have seen that their first object was to erect a meeting house and call a minister, that they might bring the sanctions of reUgion to bear upon the community, and so give permanency and tone to all other institutions. This prominence of the religious idea, this elevating of divine accountability above every other consideration, this exaltation of pubUc worship over all other duties, displays what may be denominated the New England conviction that God is our strength and our refuge, and that communities, as well as individuals, must draw their suste nance from this life-giving fountain. Another prominent idea of that age, which exhibits itself in the history of this and every New England community, is the importance of the military arm to the safety of both Church and State. We see this in the prominence they gave to military titles. Not only do their records speak of captains and subalterns, but even the warrant officers are honored with their appropriate des ignations ; and a mere glance at the records -will show that these mUitary offices were generaUy filled by the most substantial men in the place. If a committee is wanted to discharge some of the most important duties, it is generally composed of Captain A. and Lieutenant B. and Sergeant C. or Corporal D. Such men were selected for these important civil services, not because they had military titles, but because they were the prominent men in the place, and owed their military title to the fact that they were prominent men. The conviction that in gi-ving us a being, the Almighty had granted the right of self-defence, or more properly, imposed the duty of self-preservation, led them to keep up a military organization. Knowing that communities had the same right of self-preservation as individuals, they avaUed themselves of their corporate power to provide for the common defence ; and knowing the importance of this trust, they selected their wisest and most reliable men to fill all mUitary offices. They brought the sanctions of religion to bear upon every department of the civil service, and made every office in the State uphold the institutions of religion ; and hence the office of captain and deacon were equally important, and were often held by the same person ; and to be a tithingman was as honor able as to be a selectman or a magistrate. CHAPTER II. FROM THE INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS, The Town Incorporated — Its first Organization — Weights and Measures provided — Roads laid out — Meeting House seated — Ebenezer Hancock settled as Colleague with his Father — Duty of Tythingmen at Church — The North and South Side — Representatives to serve for Six Shillings per Day — Death of Rev. John Hancock — "Rev. Mr. Clark settled — Lincoln incorporated into a Town, taking off a Portion of Lexington — Represen tatives shall pay to the Town all they receive over Three ShilUngs per Day — Isaac Stone gives the Town a Bell — French Wars — Expedition to Cuba — To Louisburg — Number of Soldiers furnished — Warning out of Town. Residing at a distance from the old parish, and possessing nothing but parochial powers, the inhabitants of the precinct petitioned the General Court to be incorporated as a town, that they might enjoy the fiiU powers of a municipal corporation. Their petition received a favorable answer, and the Court adopted an Order which received the royal sanction on the 20th of March, 1712. As this Order was passed before the change of style, the 20th of March, 1712, would correspond with the 31st of March, 1713, in our mode of reckoning. As this Order is the organic law of the town of Lexington, it seems proper to give it in fiiU. " Whereas, upwards of twenty years since, the inhabitants or farmers dwelling on a certain tract of land within the township of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, being remote from the body of the town toward Concord, obtained leave of the General Court, with the approbation of the town, to be a hamlet or separate Precinct, and were set off by a line, viz.. Beginning at the first run of water or swampy place, and which is a kind of a bridge in the way or road, on the southerly side of !^rancis Whitmore's house towards the town of Cambridge aforesaid, across the neck of land between Woburn line and that of Watertown side, upon a southwest and northeast course, commonly called the North Precinct, and being now increased, have obtained the consent of the town, and made 62 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON application to this Court to be made a separate and distinct town upon such terms as they and the town of Cambridge have agreed upon, that is to say, that the said northern part when made into a township, shall bear such part of the two-thirds of the charge of the great bridge over Charles river in Cambridge, as shall be according to their proportion with the town of Cambridge annually in the Province tax, and they shall annually pay to the Treasurer of the town of Cambridge their part of the charges afore said ; and such other ai'ticles as the town and the precinct have already agreed upon by their committees, — " Ordered, That the aforesaid tract of land, known by the name of the North Precinct, in Cambridge, be henceforth made a separate and distinct Town, by tlie name of Lexington, upon the articles and terms already agreed upon with the town of Cambridge, and the inhabitants of the said town of Lexington be entitled to have, exercise and enjoy, all such immu nities, powers, and privileges, as other towns of this Province have and do by law use, exercise, and enjoy. ' ' And the constable of said precinct is hereby directed and empowered to notify and summon the inhabitants duly qualified for votes to assemble and meet together for the choosing of town officers." Immediately after the passage of this Order, or as it was in fact. Act of Incorporation, the inhabitants of Lexington assem bled to organize by the choice of town officers. As this election shows who the leading men were at that period, and to whom the people of the new town were wUUng to intrust the manage ment of their municipal affairs, it is weU to give a Ust of the town officers. * Matthew Bhidge, Capt. William Reed, Lieut. Francis Bowman, "^ Ensign Joseph Simonds, Deacon John Mt^kriam,— Selectmen, \ Matthew Bridge, — Town Clerk. James Wilson, Johk Mason, — Constables. Francis Bowman> William Munkoe, Samuel St-eaxss,— Assessors. "^Joseph Tidd, — Sealer of Weights and Measures. > Lieut. Thomas Cutler, Thomas Blodgett, Samuel Whitmore, Tythingmen. This being a new era in the history of this people — their cor porate powers as a town extending beyond what they had before enjoyed — it is natural to suppOse that they would enter at once upon the exercise of those powers, the want of which they had seriously felt under their parish charter. Accordingly we find TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 63 the selectmen, the fathers of the town — a board which at that day exercised more extended powers than they do at the present time — taking acti-ve measures to buUd up aU necessary town institutions. "Lexington, April 6, 1713: — Att a selectmen's meeting, it was then agreed that they would build a Pound, and that it should be fouer lengths of rails one way, and thre the other ; and gathe five foot wide ; and that it should stand at the end of Dea. Merriam's stable, and by Sergeants Mun- roe's stone wall. " 2. That they would erect a payer of Stocks.' " 3. That they would provide the Town with weights and measures." Having pro-vided for the restraint of all unruly beings, whether bipeds or quadrupeds, by erecting stocks and buUding a pound, the people hastened to provide that reUgious instruction which was designed to supersede the one and render the other almost unnecessary. "At a publique meeting att Lexington, April y" 20th, 1713, orderly warned and assembled, to grant four hundred and sixteen pounds money' to the Committee for building the Meeting House — this was unanimously voted in the affirmative." ' Stocks were regarded in those days, as an institution which no town could dispense with. In fact, they were required by law, and towns were frequently fined for not erecting and maintaining them. They were constructed of plank or timbers attached by a hinge or something of that sort, at one end, and so arranged that they could be opened and closed at pleasure. The edges of the plank or timbers, where they came together, were so cut or rounded out, as to admit the wrists, ankles, and sometimes necks of the culprits, when the stocks were opened ; and when they were closed, the individuals put therein were held fast by the arm, leg, or neck, and sometimes by all at the same time, during the pleasure of the authorities ; for when they were closed and locked, it was impossible for the individual to extricate himSelf. These stocks were sometimes located in public squares, and sometimes near or in the meeting house. In some cases they were placed under the stairs leading to the galleries in their churches. In fact, being the prison where the Tythingmen confined the unruly, they were regarded as a necessary appendage to the meeting house — as impor tant in good society as a " sounding board " over the pulpit, or a " horse block " near the house. These stocks were maintained iu the towns and in the coun ties, and were used as places of restraint, and as instruments of punishment. They are frequently denominated " bilboes," in the early records. "The currency at that day was undergoing a depreciation. It stood, in 1713, about' twelve per cent, below par; so that the sum granted for the meeting house was in fact about three hundred sixty-six pounds, which -sfrould build a very respectable house at that period. 9 64 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON The subject of public or high ways, so important to every settlement, early attracted the attention of the town. Up to the time of their incorporation as a town, they^had no jurisdiction over this subject. Certain roads had been laid out by Colonial and County authority, and the proprietors of lands had generaUy made liberal provision for roads between their ranges of land ; but these had been generaUy disregarded by the subsequent owners, who had inclosed these reservations -within their lots ; and besides, it must be perfectly obvious that no system of public ways could be adopted in advance, which would meet the wants of subsequent settlers. This whole matter would natu rally be one of the first subjects to caU for the interposition of the town authorities ; and it appears from their records that it received early attention, — records which show that the former times were not materially different from these, and that the remedies efficient at that day might weU be resorted to at this : — "Lexington, March y" 1st, 1713-4. — Att a meeting of the selectmen, discourse being on foot concerning highways that were enclosed by sundry persons, and a warrant was procured from a justice of the peace by the selectmen to open some of them, then Capt. William Reed being present, did say that for the peace and quietness of the town, he would give a highway for Thomas Kendall, and the neighborhood westerly of him, through his own land easterly into the town road or highway, where it might be convenient, for the acknowledgment of those highways that he hath already enclosed ; and also that he would hang a gate upon the highway that leads to the clay ground, which is the town's interest." John Harrington, Joseph Tidd, John Lawrence, James Wil son, Thomas Mead, Nathaniel Dunklee, Joseph Fassett, PhUip Burdoe and others came forward and admitted that they had inclosed certain highways, which they would open, or pay a consideration to the town. "June 28, 1714. —At a meeting of the selectmen, it was agreed that John Muzzy should have their approbation to keep a publique house for entertainment, and his father (Benjamin Muzzy) did engage before the selectmen to accommodate his son John, with stable room, hay, and pas turing, so far as he stood in need for the support of strangers." This was probably the first pubUc house duly opened in the town, and was situated at or near the present residence of Mr. Ruftis Merriam, on the easterly side of the Common. TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 65 The inhabitants, by their officers, embraced an early oppor tunity to define and fix the boundaries of the township. Committees were appointed to meet those from other towns to estabUsh the lines and erect .suitable bounds. They also took measures to provide a school house for the improvement of the rising generation ; so that the learnmg obtained in the school might prepare the young to comprehend the teachings from the pulpit, and the instruction from the sacred desk might guide and sanctify the lessons of the school room. But another duty, and one of no ordinary character, devolved upon the town. They had caused a new meeting house to be erected ; but how was it to be occupied ? AU were expected to meet -within its waUs ; but who should -take the highest seat ? This was a question of great moment and of considerable deli cacy, — a question which proved a source of great trouble in many towns at that day* The " seating of the meeting house " was frequentiy pregnant with more animosity than the buildino- of it. It was, to say the least, regarded as a grave question, and one to be managed with great wisdom and prudence. Con sequently, the subject was generaUy referred to a large committee of the most judicious men, that fuU justice might be done to all ; and lest the committee themselves should, from personal interest or vanity, place themselves too high, or, from extreme diffidence and modesty, too low, in the scale of dignity, some towns took the precaution to appoint a second committee to assign seats for the first. It would be amusing to look at the records of different parishes to see the instructions given to their committees on this subject. One record which I have before me, instructs the com mittee "to dignify and seat the meeting house, according to the personal and real estate, and ha-ving reference to'age and honor." Another parish record has this entry : " Chose a committee to seat the meeting house, and instructed them to give men their dignity in their sitting in proportion to their minister's rate they pay, aUo-wing one poU to a rate, making such allowance for age as they shaU think proper, except where they are tenants, and in these cases to act the best of their judgment." Nearly akin to these instructions were those given by the inhabitants of Lexington to their committee, chosen October 6, 1714, to seat their new house. Ensign Joseph Bowman, 66 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON Dea. John Merriam, Capt. WiUiam Reed, WiUiam Munroe and Thomas Mead tvere chosen for the purpose, and were instructed to take the foUowing elements into the account, viz. : — " 1. It was voted that they should have respect to age. "2. That they should have respect to real and personal estate, so far as referred to the meeting house. "3. To have respect to but one head in a family. " 4. And also they are to place the children where they may be inspected." As a difference of opinion might arise in relation to the rela tive "dignity" of the respective seats, some committees, to remove all doubt, graded the dignity of the different seats as first, second, &c. It -may also be important to state that some towns imposed a fine upon any one who should occupy any other seat than the one assigned him. We may think our fathers rather fastidious on this subject, and a Uttle jealous of their " dignity " ; but it ought to be remembered that in those days the seats were all common property, and as it was desirable to have famUies sit together, and to have a permanent seat to which they might repair whenever they came to meeting, there was a convenience, at least, in ha-ving some regulation or assignment of the seats. And whUe we see, or think we see, a Uttle vanity in this case, it may be weU to inquire whether there is not some of the same feeUng exhibited in our churches at the present day ? Is there not a little rivahy manifested whenever there is a sale of pews in a church? The highest seat in the syna gogue has not, we apprehend, lost aU its charms in our o-wn time ; and if it be said that thOse who buy the best pews in our churches in these days pay the highest price for them, this only shows that our fathers, who were seated according to their tax, could put in the same plea. The people at that day were aUve to every interest of the town, and showed themselves ready to make every effort and bear aU reasonable burdens for the weU-being of the commumty. "At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lexington, May 12, 1725, it was voted that the Rev. Mr. Hancock's salary should be increased to eighty-five pounds." — "Voted that a rate of fifty pounds be made to defray the public charge in the town this ensuing year." In 1725, Rev. Mr. Hancock represented to the TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 67 to-wn that his salaty was not sufficient to support himself and famUy. This probably arose, in some degree at least, from the depreciation of the currency, which at that period had fallen about fifty per cent. The to-wn, seeing the justice of his claim, voted him twenty pounds as a gratuity. Our fathers were peculiarly watchful of the morals of the community, and were ready, at all times, not only to do good, but to prevent evU, in their corporate capacity. When men were found idle and dissipated, they were ready to take the matter in hand, and as far as practicable to reform them, or at least prevent the spread of the evU. An entry in the select men's records, March 29, 1731, shows the manner in which such affairs were treated at that period : — "Whereas there is a complaint made to the selectmen against Chris. Mashen, Jr., that he is very base, and threatens his parents, and lives idle, and neglects to provide for his family, but rather destroys what they have, by selling household stuff and his clothes, and spending the money for drink, wherefore the selectmen have appointed Mr. Stephen Winship, one of the selectmen, to take care, and proceed with him, as the law directs.'' This kind of discipline was found to work weU in the days of our ancestors, and it becomes a serious question whether a little of this, paternal watchfulness would not prove beneficial at the present day. Our fathers adopted the maxim that " to be idle was to be -vicious," and consequently they enjoined industry as one of the cardinal virtues. I have already spoken of the difficult task of " seating the meeting house," to the satisfaction of the people. Changes of famiUes and of the house itself, seem to have rendered it neces- saty that this work should be performed periodically. In 1731, the deUcate task of " seating the meeting house " was again performed by a committee, and seats were assigned to one hun dred and six heads of famUies. Ha-ving repaired and reseated the meeting house, and made provision, from time to time, for the support of the Rev. Mr. Hancock, according to his wants, the people were disposed to reUeve him of a portion of the burdens of his office, by employ ing a co-laborer with him. Accordingly, at a meeting held Nov. 2, 1733, they gave a call to Mr. Ebenezer Hancock, a son 68 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON of their reverend pastor, a young man highly esteemed among them, to settle as a colleague with his father, on the foUowing conditions, viz. " 1. Three hundred pounds for settlement to be paid to Mr. Ebenezer Hancock, as soon as his father is deceased, and if he decease before that time, his heirs shall not care for it. "2 To give Mr. Hancoct aud his son Ebenezer, two hundred pounds a year for two years, — he keeping the school as this past year now running. The two hundred pounds a year to begin as soon as he enters into the work of the ministry, but the school to begin for two years next May. " 3. Quiting the ministerial land, the town to find him wood. "4. Two hundred pounds a year without the school to Mr. Hancock and his son, during Mr. Hancock's life, and one hundred and thirty pounds a year after his decease, while he continues in the ministry with them. "5. The vote to call him to office, put to vote whether the inhabitants of the Town will choose Mr. Ebenezer Hancock, and give him a call to the Pastoral office in this town, upon the aforementioned conditions and considerations, which vote was brought in by papers, and it passed in the affirmative by a very great majority." This call was accepted by Mr. Hancock, with a modification which the town readily agreed to, that in case he should die before his father, the three hundred pounds settlement should be paid to his wife and chUdren, if he should have any. The preUminaries being settled, the ordination took place, Januaty 2, 1734. Towns and parishes were so united, and their duties in many respects so simUar, that it is difficult to draw the line between the civU and ecclesiastical history of the place. I have confined to the latter such events as related to the religious condition of the church, and the relations between them and their pastor; — lea-ving what was performed in to-wn meetings in the department of civU histoty. Many of the officers of the town and of the parish at that day, exercised powers and performed duties unknown and unac knowledged at this day. The tythingman, and the office, which are now extinct, were then regarded as of the first moment. Instances almost without number, could be cited in which some of the leading men of the town were elected to that office. In many respects the tythingman was regarded with more honor, and his office with more sanctity, than that of selectman — an TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 69 office then held in much higher repute than at present. When we consider that they were a species of general police officer, being conservators of the peace, and also that they had the general care of the chUdren and youth on the Lord's day, and especially at or near the house of worship, it is no wonder that the most sober and discreet men were generally selected for that office. A few extracts from the records wiU show the import ance in which that office was held. " At a meeting held May 22, 1738, " Voted, To repair the Meeting House." " Voted, That y" two hinde seats in y" lower gallery, front and side, are appointed for y' boys, to sit in on Sabbath days ; all under sixteen years old, and a Tythingman to sit near them each Sabbath to take care of them, to take their turns ; and if any above sixteen years are disorderly, they shall be ordered into said seats." " Voted, That a Tythingman should be desired to attend on Sabbath day noons to keep y" boys in order in y^ Meeting House." AU the duties of tythingmen were regarded as important, and hence they entered upon the discharge of their official functions with more than ordinaty formality. We accordingly find the act of quaUfying a tythingman recorded with almost royal pomp and ceremony. " Joshua Simonds and Daniel Brown personally appeared before y worshipfuU Justice Bowman, May y" 12th, 1735, and made oath to y'^ office of tythingman for y" year ensuing.'' Towns like larger communities sometimes become profligate in their expenditures. This tends to arouse the feelings of the people, and they are then inclined to run into the other extreme. Sometimes a rivalry between candidates for office will induce them to bid upon each other, in which case the people at first -wiU generaUy select the man who -wiU serve at the lowest price. But in a short time, they learn that cheapening the office, natu rally fills it with cheap officers, and .then they -will fall back upon the former price. It seems by the records of Lexington, that there was a rivalry between the Bowmans in the south part of the town, and the Reeds in the north. In fact, the county road leading from Cambridge to Concord and passing through the centre of the town, divided it into two nearly equal divisions. 70 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON The records are ftiU of this distinction of " North Side " and " South Side." A constable, for instance, was chosen one for the " North Side " and one for the " South Side." The Valuations and the Tax bUls were made out for these sides respectively. AU this would naturaUy tend to divide the people into geograph ical parties. Add to this the rivalry between two leading and influential families, the one situated in one division of the town, and the other in the other, would of course increase this feeling. Consequently we find the Bowmans and the Reeds pitted against each other in most of the important elections. And this division was so equal that one would prevail one year, and the other the next. Bowman and Reed, and Reed and Bowman, appear on the record almost in regular succession. This division between the different sections of the town — the Bowmans against the Reeds — the House of York against the House of Lancaster, would naturaUy lead to some management, if not between the rival candidates, at least between their friends. Third parties in such cases wUl occasionally step in, and take the prize from both the contending parties. Something of this kind, if I have not misapprehended the spirit of the record, occurred in some instances in the town of Lexington. The offices con tested seem to have been those of Moderator, First Selectman, and Representative, especially the latter. Probably the contest for Representative gave rise to the foUo-wing vote, passed at the ' May meeting , 1739. " Voted, That y' person who shall be chosen to represent y* town at y° Great and General Court, shall immediately engage to serve y" town as Representative at y'^ above said Court, for six shillings a day ; which person then chosen, viz., Mr. Joseph Fassett, accepted y^ choice upon y° above said vote." This ser-ving as a representative. at a reduced price, appears to have given Mr. Fassett a peculiar popularity ; for the next year he was chosen moderator, first selectman and representative ; and thus, for a short period, he threw Joseph Bowman, Esq., and Captain WiUiam Reed, into the shade. But popularity founded on such a basis proved in this case, as it generally does, of short duration ; for after three years he was dropped, and TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 71 then Captain Reed was elected several years in succession to represent the town. A representative in those days must have been an officer of more dignity than at present, if we are to judge by the manner in which it was heralded forth by our fathers. The article in the warrant for 1739 for the choice of representative reads as foUows : " To elect and deputise one or more persons to serve for and represent them at or in a great and general court or assembly, appointed to be convened and held and kept for his Magisty's service at the court house in Boston." In 1740, the people of Lexington were caUed to mourn the loss of their junior pastor, when he had just completed the sixth year of his ministry. As there was a general feeUng of satis faction when he was called to share with his venerable father the labors of his profession and the affections of his people, so there was a unanimous feeling of regret that the father was so soon deprived of the aid and support of his affectionate son, and the parish of their devoted minister. Rev. Ebenezer Han cock was highly respected and esteemed by the people, and his loss was severely felt. In 1729, a smaU portion of the territory of Lexington had been set off to form the town of Bedford, and in 1744, sundry inliabitants of Concord, Weston and the westerly part of Lexington petitioned the General Court to be erected into a precinct; but the town chose Joseph Bowman, Esq., Captain William Reed and Deacon John Stone to oppose the prayer of the petition, which they did effectually at that time. On the 6th of December, 1752, the people of Lexington were deprived of their beloved and venerable pastor. Rev. John Hancock, who had with great ability and faithfulness ministered to them for more than fifty-three years. As we shall speak of the character of Rev. Mr. Hancock more particularly under the head of the ecclesiastical history of the town, we will simply say here that his services were justly appreciated by his people, who sincerely deplored his sudden death. They had long wit nessed his growing infirmities, or perhaps more properly, his increasing years, and had taken the precaution for several years to choose a committee to supply the pulpit in case of the inabUity 10 72 , HISTORY OF LEXINGTON of Mr. Hancock to discharge his wonted duties. But that committee had no occasion to look abroad for a supply ; for their venerated pastor was able to perform every duty of his sacred office to the very day of his death. The people had also mani fested their attachment to liim, and their regard for his welfare, by adding to his salary, from year to year, so at least as to make up for the depreciation of the currency ; and when he was caUed hence by a sudden dispensation of Providence, they manifested their respect for his memoty and sympathy for his family, by convening the town and adopting the foUowing votes : — "At a meeting of the freeholders and other inhabitants, regularly assembled on December 7, 1752, — " Then made choice of Deacon Brown, moderator. "1. Voted, Two Hundred Pounds old tenor for a decent burial of our Reverend and Beloved Pastor, Mr. John Hancock. "'2. Chose Mr. Daniel Tidd, Mr. Benjamin Smith, Lieutenant Ebenezer Fiske, a Committee to go down and provide things for said funeral. " 3. Voted, That said Committee should give Madam Hancock and her children the offer of the Town Grant for the funeral, if they see cause to take up with it, and they provide said funeral. "4. Voted, To choose a Committee to provide at Madam Hancock's house, and assist there at the funeral, viz. -. Mr. Joseph Bridge, Mr. Joseph Tidd, Mr. Thaddeus Bowman, Mr. John Hoar, and Mr. Joseph Loring. " Voted, That Mr. Samuel Bridge should provide five hundred bricks, in order to brick said grave." The Committee appointed to provide for the funeral of Mr. Hancock presented a bill to the town of £219, which was readily allowed. I will state one item of their bill, as it casts Ught upon the manners and customs of that period : " Granted an order to pay Mr. Jacob Hurd £4.01.01, it being in fuU for six rings for y® Bearers of our Reverend and Beloved Pastor, Mr. John Hancock." After the death of Mr. Hancock, the town chose a committee, consisting of Deacon Joseph Brown, Deacon John Stone, William Reed, Esq., Captain Benjamin Reed and Mr. Isaac Bowman, to provide for the pulpit tUl others should be chosen ; and they instmcted said committee " to make dUegente inquire after a gentleman suitable to settele." After hearing Mr. Stearns, Mr. Barnes and Mr. Putnam a TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 73 few Sabbaths each, the town voted, April 8, 1754, "to keep a day of fasting and prayer on the 25th of the above said April, in preparation for a choice." The church and society, in June, 1754, invited Mr. Aaron Putnam, who, in consequence of the want of unanimity in the call, declined the invitation. After receiving the negative answer from Mr. Putnam, Mr. WUlard, Mr. Minot and Mr. Clarke were employed a few Sabbaths each; when, on the 19th day of May, 1755, the inhabitants were called together to see if they would concur with the church in giving Mr. Jonas Clarke an invitation to become their minister. The result is thus stated in the record : — "T' Congregation concurred so far as they brought in 51 yeas; but there were 16 nays. "Then the Town voted, £133.06.8 settlement for Mr. Clarke in case he settled with us as our Pastor, — the one half of s* sum to be paid in six months after his ordination, — the other moiety, eighteen months after his ordination. " Also voted eighty Pounds to be his yearly salary for to support him in y^ work of y" ministry in this Town. "Voted, That the said Mr. Clarke, in case he takes up, and is settled as our pastor, shall forever as such, quit all manner of claim, title or interest in or unto any part of y" Ministerial land in this Town." After some further negotiation in relation to granting him a number of cords of wood, in addition to the eighty pounds, offered as his annual salary, the church and congregation agreed to vote together on the question of giving him a call, and on counting the yeas and nays it was found that seventy had voted in the affirmative and only three in the negative. The town also voted to ftimish Mr. Clarke twenty cords of wood annually, in addition to his salaty. The preliminaries being thus settled, the 5th of November, 1755, was agreed upon for the ordination, and the churches in Cambridge, Newton, Medford, Sherburn, Watertown, Lincoln, Weston, and Waltham, were invited to assist in the ordination. To use the language of Mr. Clarke himself, " The Elders and Messengers of most of said churches appearing in the morning, and having chosen the Rev. Mr. John Cotton, Moderator, they 74 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON proceeded, earnestly imploring the divine Blessing, unto Ordina tion. The Rev. Mr. Lawrence beginning the solemnity with prayer ; the Rev. Mr. Appleton preached, the Rev. Mr. Cotton gave the Charge, and the Rev. Mr. Cook the Right Hand of Fellowship." Thus was the town of Lexington, after being destitute of a settled minister nearly three years, blessed with a pastor, whose subsequent labors and character showed that he was a pastor indeed, guiding his people safely both in temporal and spiritual things, during his life, and leaving a name which wUl be fondly cherished by evcty patriot and 'every Christian. The name and services of Rev. Jonas Clarke are so interwoven with the histoty of Lexington, that we shall have occasion frequently to allude to him hereafter. In 1734, John Flint and others residing in the southeasterly part of Concord, in the southwesterly part of Lexington, and in the part of Weston adjoining, petitioned the General Court to be set off from these towns respectively, and be incorporated as a town or precinct. This was successfully resisted at the time ; but the petition was renewed the foUowing year. Lexington chose a committee consisting of Francis Bowman, John Mason, and Joseph Brown, to oppose the prayer of the petitioners. In their remonstrance, dated September 10, 1735, they aUege that many within the territory were opposed to the petition, that some who had signed the petition ¦ were " very unqualified per sons," that most of the petitioners from Lexington constantly attended church there, that they had voted to settle Rev. Eben ezer Hancock, and ought to remain and help pay him, that the roads were being improved, and that they were weU accommo dated as they were. The remonstrants prevailed again, as they had the preceding year. But in 1744, a simUar petition found favor with the Court, and a precinct was created, granting, however, the pri-vUege to several persons within the territoty, to be exempt from its opera tion, if they should so elect. In 1753, Chambers Russell, Esq., and others within the territoty, were chosen a committee to petition the Legislature to be incorporated as a town. Capt. WiUiam Reed and Deacon Stone appeared for the town of Lex ington to oppose the petition, but without success. On the 19th TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 75 of April, 1754, the town was incorporated by the name of Lincoln. The name was given by Chambers Russell, Esq., after Lincolnshire, England, the residence of his ancestors. The creation of this town reduced the territory and population of Lexington, and so impeded its growth. I find no accurate description of the line or' the amount of territory taken from Lexington on the public records. But Josiah Parker, one of the assessors of Lexington for that year, and who from his long experience in that office, was well qualified to judge, and whose intimate acquaintance with the premises and the whole subject enabled him to know the facts, has left under his own hand the foUowing important document in the archives of the State. Lexington, May 27, 1754. The following is an account of that part of the town of Lexington, which has lately been taken from us, and now makes a part of a new township known by the name of Lincoln. The whole number of acres in Lexington was, . . . 11,000 Out of which is taken, ....... 974 The number of polls was, ....... 215 Out of which is taken, . . . \ . , . ]4 The Valuation of said town was, £ 6,000 Out of which is taken, £ 372 4s. Lexington's Province tax in 1763 was, . . . £ 66 10s. Of which those taken paid, . . . . . . £ 3 6s. &d. What is taken off of Lexington is computed to be about one-sixteenth part of said town ; as to the number of acres it is about one-eleventh part. Josiah Parker, Assessor. The Une of Lexington formerly included the places where Mr. Gregoty Stone, Mr. Leonard Hoar, Mr. Nelson, and several others of Lincoln now reside. In 1756, there was a wa,rm controversy relative to a choice of Representative. The selectmen were arraigned before the Gen eral Court, charged with improper conduct in managing the town meeting. The selectmen vindicated their course, and the whole affair ended in caUing another meeting, and electing a Represen tative. There are many little incidents occurring in a community, and many things which find their way upon public records, of but 76 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON little moment in themselves, which nevertheless show the spirit of the times, the feelings of the people, and the motives by which individuals and bodies of men are actuated. Of this character are the foUowing : At a meeting of the freeholders. May 7, 1756, " Benjamin Reed, Esq., paid to Mr. James Stone, Town Treasurer, y° sum of £ 5 4. 0. it being y* wages, he received for y" time he did not actually attend the General Court last year." At a meeting of the selectmen, June 28, 1755, " The Selectmen appointed Mr. Cornelius Mead to see that brute crea tures that dye of any distemper, be buried according to a law of the ¦Province," At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lexington, held March 7, 1757, the following note was handed to the Moderator. " To the Inhabitants of the Town of Lexington, " Gentlemen, — Y° Public expenses in general, and those of this Town in particular, being af present not small, if you will accept of the sum of six pounds, thirteen shillings and fourpence, of my salary for the present year, you will greatly oblige. Gentlemen, your sincere friend and hearty well- wisher, "Jonas Clabke." At a town meeting held May 14, 1757, " Voted, That whoever shall be chosen to represent y° Town at y" Great and General Court this year, shall return into the Town Treasury, all y° money that shall be made up in y" General Court's list for the representa tive, above three shillings a day for attending at y' Great and General Court ; and except y° person chosen doth promise to return said money as aforesaid, the Town to proceed to y" choice of another." This vote was repeated several years in succession, and such was the patriotism of the age,, that men enough were found wUling to serve their country at that reduced rate. About the time of the settlement of Mr. Clarke, the town appointed a committee to repair their meeting house ; and as one improvement naturally makes way for another, they were im pressed with the idea that their bell was not sufficiently large to bring in a congregation, commensurate with the capacity of the TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRElfCH WARS. 77 house. This feeUng prevailing, at a town meeting held June 15, 1761, " Mr. Isaac Stone came into said Meeting and gave the Town a Bell to be for the Town's use forever — which Bell was there, and weighed Four Hun dred and Sixty Three pounds — for which the Moderator in the name of - the Town, returned him thanks." " Then Voted, To hang y'= Bell on y" top of y" Hill upon y" south side of Lieut. James Munroe's house. A Committee was chosen to erect a convenient building on y" aforesaid Hill to hang y= Boll on. " Voted, To take timber from the ministerial land for said building." It appears that the town took a deep interest in this liberal gift of Mr. Stone, and resolved to use it in a manner calculated to fiU the eye, and please the ear, as far as practicable ; for at an adjournment of the meeting two days after, they " Voted, To case the Bell free with white pine boards. " Voted, To cover y"= roof with pitch pine and shingle it. " Voted, To leave it to y' Committee, to let out y' Bell free by y" great, or by y^ day as they think best." The foUowing year the committee rendered their account for building this "Bell free," which amounted to £ 21 12s. lO^d. But the attention of the people to the new bell and the " Bell free," did not, it appears, render them unmindful of the meeting house itself; for at a town meeting held March 14, 1763, they voted " to couliour y^ Meeting House att y" back of y° Pulpit the same couliour the Pulpit is coulioured." In speaking of the pulpit and preacher, we should not forget the school house and the school master. They are kindred insti tutions, and cannot safely be dissevered. Up to 1714 the schools were kept in private houses, but at that time a school house was erected in the centre of the town, and schools were established in the out-parts of the town, kept generally by females. As it is proposed to treat of the public schools of the town in a separate chapter, I will only say here, that our fathers, ever true to the great cause of education, have made suitable provision in all portions of their history to educate the rising generation. In this town from year to year, money has been appropriated to be expended under committees appointed for the purpose, so that the children and youth might be fitted for usefulness. In fact it 78 HiStORY of LEXINGTON seems to have been the policy of the people in this, as in almost every other town, to lay the foundations of our institutions upon science and religion ; consequently they have expended their hard earnings freely, that their children might be instructed in science that their lives may be useful — and instructed in religion that their death may be happy. As this chapter is designed to carry the general history of the town up to the close of the French war in 1763, it seems proper to take a general view of the town from its incorporation to that period. The French and Indian wars fiU an important page in the history of the town and the Colony. The dangers to which the people were exposed, the repeated drafts that were made upon their men and their means, the sufferings of the soldiers, and the great loss of life, in the camp and in the field, give to this part of our history a thrilling interest ; and were it not for the more recent struggles, which gave us a place among the nations of the earth, and which have shown to the world that we can support our Union, the "old French wars," as they have been denominated, would be regarded as the most important era in our annals. Viewed in the light of the phUosophy of history, these wars may be regarded as among the primary causes of our free institutions. They were contests between Catholic France and Protestant England for supremacy in North America ; and upon their result hung, in a great degree, the destiny of these Colonies and the cherished hopes of our Puritan ancestors. Not only the religious, but the political fate of New England was in a manner involved in the contest. Great Britain had, at an early day, asserted her right to legislate for the Colonies, — a right which the Colonies had denied. But while they had asserted their right to raise their own money, call out their own troops and make their own laws, the colonists had ever professed their readiness to sustain His Majesty's Colonies, ¦protect His Majesty's posessions, and defend, with their lives and' fortunes. His Majesty's right on this continent. These wars gave them an opportunity to redeem their pledges, and so to lay a broad foundation for the gratitude of the parent country. The French wars not only gave our fathers a juster apprecia tion of their rights, but impressed them with a consciousness of their abUity to maintain and defend them. Men who had TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 79 taken Louisburg from the veteran troops of France, who served under England's most experienced commanders, and contributed largely to the conquest of Canada, felt that they had rendered their sovereign essential service, and were justly entitled to the consideration of the crown. They had also acquired that knowledge of mUitary science, and that experience in the art of war, which enabled them to meet the shock of the Revolution unmoved, and to persevere to the end of that glorious contest. But these wars, though they were a part of the stern discipUne to prepare the people for the Revolutionary struggle, were a great drain upon the Colony ; and the actual sufferings and hardships endured by the soldiers in the field and the people at home, were as great, if not greater, than those experienced during the war of independence. The rolls of the ser-vice in these early wars are very imperfect, and in some cases are entirely lost ; so that we are unable to give the number of soldiers furnished by Lexington. From a thorough examination, however, we are able to state that the number was large, considering that the population of the town at the close of the war, in 1763, could not have been over six hundred. In 1740-1, an expedition was fitted out against the Spanish West India settlements, Cuba being the principal object. Five hundred men were furnished by Massachusetts, and such were the accidents of the expedition, and such the mortality among the troops, that only fifty of the number returned. No regular roUs of that service have been found ; but we have been able to find the names of six men from Lexington. In 1745, the memorable expedition against Louisburg was fitted out ; Massachusetts furnished three thousand two hundred and fifty of the four thousand and seventy men comprising that expedition. The. rolls of the troops are not found in the archives of the State, it being generally supposed that they were sent to England as vouchers. It is not, therefore, possible to state the number of men from this town. But as every town, especially near the seaboard, furnished more or less men, it is safe to con clude that Lexington was represented in that brilliant expedition. In fact the obituary notices give the names of several who died at Cape Breton that year, and hence it follows with almost math- eniatical certainty that they were soldiers, u 80 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON In 1748, there were three Lexington men in the service ; in 1754, four ; in 1755, there were twenty-three ; in 1756, twenty- four; in 1757, thirty-three; in 1758, nine; in 1759, six; in 1760, forty; in 1761, five, and in 1762, twenty-eight. The rolls of the service are imperfect at best. Some of them are lost, and others are so dUapidated that many of the names are illegible. Besides, many of the rolls do not give the name of the town where the soldier resided. Under these circumstances ¦it is impossible to give a full list of those who were in the service. The true number must have been greater than stated above. Enough however is known to justify the statement that Lexing ton was not behind her sister towns in responding to the calls of the country. In fact few, if any towns, numbering only about six hundred inhabitants, and remote from the scene of danger, sent forth a larger number of men. The effects of these exhausting wars must have been great upon every town in the Province. Nothing retards the growth of population like war. Of the soldiers called into service, those who fall in battle make but a small part of those lost to their respective towns. Many fall a prey to disease, and many more to the vices of the camp and the habits of roving and idle ness, and so never return to their respective towns. Besides, the soldiers in the field generaUy belong to the producing class, so far as population is concerned. Many young men return com paratively poor, and so are not in a condition to support a famUy ; consequently if they marry at all, marry late in life. I mention these things to account for the fact that the population of Lex ington was nearly stationary, during the French and the Revolu tionary wars. There are many things in the manners and customs of those days which appear singular to us. The system of " Waming out of town," is among them. The General Court had author ized towns to take this precaution, to prevent strangers from becoming a town charge as paupers. The practical working of this system was this : when any famUy or single person, even to a domestic in a family, came into town, the head of the family, or person owning the premises, was required to give notice to the selectmen of the names and numbers of the new comers, the place whence they came, the date of their coming into town, and TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 81 their pecuniary condition. If the selectmen thought there was danger of their becoming a pubUc charge, they caused them to be warned to leave the to-wn, and to have a caution, as it was termed, entered with the Court of Sessions. This matter appears on our records as early as 1714, when " Capt. Joseph Estabrook was authorized to request the Honorable Court of Sessions in June next, to enter cautions against Daniel Cutting and wife, Sarah Cook, and Johanna Snow, that they might not be bur- thensome to Lexington." In 1722, Daniel Roff with his famUy were ordered to depart out of Lexington. We wUl add a few specimens of these notices. " Lexington, Jan. 6, 1761. " To the Selectmen. Gentlemen : These are to inform you that on the 19th of December last past, I took widow Elizabeth Sampson, as a house keeper, from Harvard, that being her last place of residence ; she being under good circumstances. " John Bridge." " To the Selectmen of the Town of Lexington. " Gent : These are to inform you that I have received into my house to reside with me, Abigail Stone, on or about y° 12th of May. Her last place of residence, Woburn. Her circumstances I believe are low. " James Robbins." " May 29, 1762." " At December Court, 1760, Caution was entered against Edmand Dix, Hannah Stockbridge, Ann Hodge, and Hannah Ross, as the law directs." " Widow Abigail Whittemore informs that on the 26th day of Decem ber, 1755, she took into her house as inmates her son-in-law, Nathaniel "Whittemore, -with his -wife and child, under poor circumstances. They came from Lincoln. She informed, Jan. 6, 1756." "At a meeting of the Selectmen, Aug. 27, 1744, Allowed Constable Daniel Brown, 3 shillings for warning Richard Hutchinson out of town. " Also ordered the Clerk to draw a warrant and give it to the Constable to warn Archabal Mackintosh and his family, forthwith to depart out of Lexington." These examples, which are taken promiscuously from the records, show the manner in which business was done at that time, and the general supervision which the authorities took of pubUc, or as some might say, private affairs. It seems by the 82 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON examples that a gentleman could not hire a man to Uve with him, or a girl to work in his famUy, or allow a tenant to occupy his house, or a house under his care, without giving notice thereof to the selectmen. And it is worthy of remark that these notices have been given of the incoming of certain individuals, who have afterwards become some of the most respectable and influ ential men in the town. Some of the young women whose ingress into town was thus publicly heralded, won the hearts of some of the permanent residents, and became the mothers of some of Lexington's most honored citizens. And when the caUs of our country required the services of her patriotic sons, several of the very men who had been " warned out of town," were among the first to obey the call. Whether these measures were wise or unwise, I wUl not attempt to decide ; but wiU ven ture the remark, that such regulations would not cheerfully be acquiesced in at the present day. The ground on which this rigid policy was justified, was that the town might be apprised of immigration into the township, so that they might warn them out, and thereby prevent their becoming a charge as paupers in case they should need assistance. This rule was so strictly adhered to, that persons ha-ving ser vants come to live with them were compeUed, either to send them out of to-wn, or give bonds . that they should never become a town charge. I wiU mention one case which may serve as a specimen : In 1769, WiUiam Reed had a negro servant named Pompey, and he gave a bond to the town in the sum of fifty pounds. Having the instrument before me, I wUl cite its terms : — "The Condition of this obligation is such, that if the above Bounded William Reed, his heirs, executors, administrators, or assigns, shall from time to time, and at all times forever hereafter, saue y^ town of Lexington harmless, from any charge arising for the support or maintenance of his negro man servant, named Pompi ; then this obligation to be void and of none effect. But if otherwise, to stand and remain in full force and vertue. " Signed, Wm. Reed." " In the Presence of " Benj. Brown. " Thad. Brown." TO THE CLOSE OF THE FRENCH WARS. 83 There is one important fact which should be stated in con nection with this practice of giving notice of the arrival of strangers, and of warning them out of town through fear of their becoming a public charge : it was more benevolent and humane than a practice sometimes adopted after this regulation became obsolete. Many cases have, since that period, occurred where poor persons, coming into a town, have been fitted out with a small supply of food on condition that they should go on to another town ; and sometimes they have been taken, without any conditions or assent, and carried in the night time and set down within the limits of another town. Such practices savor of inhumanity, and show that our fathers had not, at that day, learned the true system of providing almshouses for the support and comfort of the poor and unfortunate. During the period under review in this chapter, active meas ures were adopted to improve the roads for the accommodation of the pubUc travel, and to provide better means for the educa tion of the rising generation. We may smUe at the folUes of the. past, and think our fathers inhuman and iUiterate, but we should remember the spirit of the age ; and, when we compare them with the mass of the people at that time on the Eastern continent, we shall find them in advance of the age in which they Uved ; and I fear that if they were compared with the present generation, and all things taken into the account, we should find no great cause for self- exaltation. If we should point to our public charities, as e-vidence of our moral advance, I fear they might safely con front us with their patient industry, their prudent economy, and strict integrity. If we should charge them -with being too strict in the observance of reUgious rites, they inight with equal justice charge us -with being too lax ; if they beUeved too much, we believe too Uttle ; if they were too rigid, we are too pliant ; if they were inclined to ascribe ordinary events to the immediate hand of God, many at the present day are incUned to ascribe aU events to the laws of brute matter, and thereby exclude God from the universe. If they had their ghosts and hobgobUns, we have our spiritual rappings ; and if they had those among them who held intercourse with famUiar spirits who would lie and deceive, we have mediums who hold communication jfith spirits 84 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. in the "lower circles," who play "tricks upon traveUers," and sport with the credulity of the people. - Our faults and infirmities may assume different forms from those of our forefathers, but for downright foUy and extrava gance, for the neglect of privileges and opportunities, I fear that in the eye of Infinite Wisdom we shaU appear nearly on a level with them. They were imperfect, and we lack perfection. Appetites and passions, lusts for wealth and dominion, exist in every age. Our fathers were not free from them ; but if they thirsted for broad acres, and seemed desirous of adding farm to farm, that the surface of the earth might be theirs, we, not content to float upon the surface, desire to dive into the bowels of the earth, that aU its hidden treasures may be ours. They were not our equals in recldess speculation. But comparisons being generally odious and unprofitable, true wisdom requires us to improve the present, rather than censure the past ; and if we have arisen above the folUes of our fathers, it is because they, as pioneers, prepared the way for us, and so enabled us to stand on vantage ground. CHAPTER III. CI'VIL HISTORY FROM 1763 TO 1775. The Natural Expectations of the Colonists — The Stamp Act — Instructions to the Representative -^ Declaration of Rights, and Resolutions — Endorse ment of the Doings of Boston — Committee of Correspondence chosen — The Stamp Act repealed — The Importation of Tea — Resolutions in Oppo sition to the Importation and Use of the Tea — Measures of Preparation for the Last Appeal — A Pledge that they would support their Resolutions with their Fortiines and their Lives — The Certainty of a Conflict. The bloody contest with the French and Indians was over. Canada was conquered ; and the domain of North America was secured to Protestant England. The stem Puritans, who had served so heroicaUy, and we may add prayerfully, in the cause, and who had given success to the arms of Great Britain, -were fiUed -with rejoicing. They had' proved their devotion to the cro-wn, and had contributed largely to the extension of His Majesty's possessions in North America ; and, by so doing, had secured to themselves the great blessing of enjoying undisturbed the freedom of Congregational worship . They also flattered them selves, that the king they had served, the country whose interest they had promoted, and the ministry whose administration they had contributed to make Ulustrious, would gratefully remember the services rendered, and treat their faithful colonists, not only with justice, but with generosity. They expected, and had a right to expect, that, as they had shared with the mother country the dangers and the burdens of these protracted struggles, they should at least be left in peace, to recover from their exhaustion hy their' own industry and frugaUty: In' this general expectation the good people of Lexington participated. They had experienced the dangers, encountered the hardships, and felt the exhaustion of the war ; and they needed repose. Lexington according to her population had 86 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. furnished a large number of men. Her citizens who had ren dered distinguished service to their king and country, had returned to their homes and families, to engage in their industrial pursuits, to render their famiUes more comfortable, and to retrieve their ruined fortunes ; and by their manly exertion and strict frugality, to bear their share of the taxes incident to the war, and at the same time contribute to the maintenance of civU and reUgious institutions in their native town. Industry revived in' the place, and the people were exerting themselves to improve their highways, and increase the facUities for the education of their children, and thus promote the prosperity of the town. But these dreams of peace and prosperity were disturbed by inti mations that the ministry they had served with so much fidelity, and in whose cause they had cheerfully made such sacrifices, instead of requiting these favors with kindness, were meditating a system of unjust exaction and ser-vitude, greater than anything to which the colonists had ever before been subjected. In fact, while the colonists were freely pouring out their blood and treasure in support of the crown, and His Majesty's posses sions in America, the ministry were meditating a plan by which the colonists should not only support their own government, but contribute to the maintenance of that power which had oppressed them. This was to be done by enlarging the prerogatives of the home government at the expense of the colonial charters. These contemplated encroachments were looked upon by the people of Massachusetts with peculiar jealousy, and by none more than by the people of Lexington. They had served the king with fidelity, and they claimed justice at his hands. Their proximity to the town of Boston, against which British tyranny seemed, from the first, to be mainly directed, made them alive to everything which tended to impair the prosperity of their prin cipal market. Besides there were causes operating within the town itself, which served to keep up a high tone of patriotic feeUng. The men who hadfought as faithful English subjects in defence of English institutions, and also to acquire a larger domain for the crown, felt that they were entitled to the rights of English subjects. They had paid too dearly for their homes and firesides, to be wiUing to have them invaded by the nation they had served. The military experience they had had, and the CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 87 knowledge of arms they had acquired, gave them confidence in their own strength, so that they were not to be intimidated by any threat of enforcing oppressive laws at the point of the bayonet. There was another general cause in operation in the colonies to make the people jealous of their rights, and awake to the spirit of Uberty. The clergy in those days exercised a controlling influence in their respective parishes. In most of the country to-wns the minister was the only educated man in the place, and consequently was consulted on all great questions, more fre quently than any other individual. And as the great theme of that day was that of religious freedom, the clergy were almost uniformly found on the side of liberty. They knew that • reU gious and civU rights were so nearly allied, that they must stand or faU together. They had taught the necessity of resisting oppression, during the French war. The voice of the clergy at that period was on the side of defending our rights at every hazard. " An injured and oppressed people, whose destruction and overthrow is aimed at by unreasonable men, ought, surely, to stand upon their defence, and not tamely submit to their incursions and violence."^ Such was the feeling of that day. It pervaded the whole community in a greater or less degree. But in -no town was this doctrine inculcated with more force or fidelity than in Lexington. Their clergyman, the Rev. Jonas Clarke, was a man of decided abUity, who was capable of comprehend ing the whole subject in all its bearings, of showing the intimate connection between civil and religious liberty, and of enforcing the high and important duty of fidelity to God, by maintaining the Uberties of the people. He not only sympathized with Ms brethren generally on these subjects, and acted in harmony with them in inculcating the duty of patriotism; but in everything pertaining to human rights, and the sacred obligation to maintain them, he was one who took the lead. Understanding the whole subject perfectly, and ha-ving a controUing influence in his own parish, he had brought the people up to a high state of enlight ened patriotism. No man better understood the ci-vU rights of the colonists than the Rev, Mr, Clarke, and no man was more ' Fast Sermon of Mr. Macc^rty, of Worcester, 1769. 12 88 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. successful in infusing his feelings into the great body of the people around him. Under these circumstances, it would be strange if the people of Lexington were not fully alive to the encroachments of the mother country, and ready at all times to maintain their own rights. In March, 1765, the first of a series of measures for taxing the colonies passed the British Parliament, and soon after received the sanction of the crown. This roused the just indig nation of the American people. On the 21st of October, 1765, a town meeting was held in Lexington, to see what Instructions the town would give in rela^ tion to the Stamp Act. The subject was referred to the select men, consisting of James Stone, Thaddeus Bowman, Robert Harrington, Benjamin Brown, and Samuel Stone, Jr., for their consideration, who being duly prepared, submitted at once a draft of Instructions. It is but justice to the memory of Mr. Clarke to say that this paper, as weU as several other able papers recorded in our town book, were from his pen. The committee who reported them, though undoubtedly sensible and patriotic men, laid no claim to that finished scholarship which character izes this and the other papers to which reference is made. There is internal evidence of their authorship, and it has ever been conceded that they were written by Mr. Clarke ; and as further e-vidence of the fact, I have now before me the original draft of one of these papers in Mr. Clarke's own handwriting. The instructions are so fraught with -wisdom, so patriotic in their doctrines, and reflect so fully the sentiments of the people of the to-wn who adopted them unanimously, that I wiU give them in full. " To William Reed, Esq. the present Representative of Lexington : " Sir, — We have looked upon men as beings naturally free. And it is a truth which the history of ages, and the common experience of man kind have fully confirmed, that a people can never be divested of these invaluable rights and liberties, which are necessary to the happiness of individuals, to the well-being of communities, or to a well regulated state ; but by their own negligence, imprudence, timidity or rashness. They are seldom lost, but when foolishly forfeited or tamely resigned. " And therefore, when we consider the invaluable rights and liberties we now possess, the firmness and resolution of our fathers, for the support and preservation of them for us, and how much we owe to ourselves and to posterity, we cannot but look upon it as an unpardonable neglect, any CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 89 longer to delay expressing how deeply we are concerned in some measures adopted by the late ministry, and how much we fear from some acts lately passed in the British Parliament, which appear to us not only distressing to the trade and commerce of this Province, but subversive of several of our most invaluable, internal rights, as well as privileges ; and from which we apprehend the most fatal consequences. " What of all most alarms us, is an Act commonly called the Stamp Act ; the full execution of which we apprehend would divest us of our most inestimable charter rights and privileges, rob us of our character as free and natural subjects, and of almost everything we ought, as a people, to hold dear. "Admitting there was no dispute, as to the right of Parliament to impose such an Act upon us, yet we cannot forebear complaining of it in itself considered, as unequal and unjust, and a yoke too heavy for us to bear. And that not only as it falls heaviest upon the poor, the widow and the fatherless, and the orphan ; not only as it will embarrass the trade and business of this infant country, and so prevent remittances to England ; but more especially as the duties and penalties imposed hy it, are numer ous, and so high that it will quickly drain the country of the little cash remaining in it, strip multitudes of their property, and reduce them to poverty ; and in a short time render it utterly impossible for the people to subsist under it ; and what will be the consequences of this to our friends in Great Britain, as well as to ourselves, is easily seen.' *' But we humbly conceive this Act to be directly repugnant to those rights and privileges granted us in our Charter, which we always hold sacred, as confirmed to us by the Royal word and seal, and as frequently recognized by our Sovereign and the Parliament of Great Britain, wlierein it is expressly granted to us and to our children, that we shall have and enjoy all liberties and immunities of free and natural subjects, within any of his Majesty's Dominions, to all intents, constructions, and purposes, a3 if we were every one of us born in his Majesty's realm of England. And further that the full power and authority to impose and levy proportionable and reasonable taxes, upon the estates and persons of all the inhabitants within the Province, for the support and defence of his Majesty's Govern ment, are granted to the General Court or Assembly thereof. * " But by this Act a tax, yeg, a heavy tax, is imposed, not only without and beside the authority of said General Court, in which this power, which has never been forfeited nor given up, is said to be fully and exclusively lodged, but also in direct opposition to an essential right or privilege of free and natural subjects of Great Britain, who look upon it as their darling and constitutional right never to be taxed but by their own consent, in person or by their Reprasentatives. • By this Act, a ream of bail bonds, stamped, cost £100 ; a ream of common printed ones- before had been sold for £13, A ream of stamped policies of insurance cost £190 ; a ream of common ones without stamps, £20. Other papers were taxed in the same proportion. 90 HISTORY OP LEXINGTON. "It is vain to pretend (as has been pretended) that we are virtually or in any just sense, represented in Parliament ; when it is well known that so far from this, our humble Petitions and decent Remonstrances, prepared and sent home by the Representative body of this people, were not admitted a hearing in Parliament, even at the time when those measures and acts from which we apprehend so much, were depending in the Hon. House of Commons ; — a hardship which greatly adds to the grievance, and seems to intimate, that we have but too little to hope in consequence of the m.ost humble and dutiful steps. " However, this is not all. By this Act we are most deeply affected, as hereby we are debarred of being tried by juries in case of any breach, or supposed breach of it — a right which until now, we have held in common with our brethren in England — a right which under Providence has been the great barrier of justice, the support of liberty and property in Great Britain and America — a right which is the glory of the British Government. " The Great Charter of England, commonly called Magna Charta, happily provided for all free and natural subjects of the realm of England, that no amercement shall be assessed but by the oath of honest and lawful men of the vicinage, and that no freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or disseized of his freehold or liberties, or free customs, nor passed upon, nor condemned, but' by the lawful judgment of his peers, or by the law of the land ; but instead of this most important right, such is the extension of power given by this Act to Courts of Admiralty, that all offences against it may be heard and tried and determined in said courts, to the entire sub version of this important right, confirmed to us by the Great Charter and our own. "This we apprehend will open a door to numberless evils which time only can discover ; at least it will oftentimes oblige us to risk our fortunes, pur liberties and characters, upon the judgment of one, and perhaps a stranger, or perhaps that which is worse. This will subject us entirely to the mercy of avaricious informers, who may at pleasure summon us from one part of the Province to the other upon suspicion of the least offence, and thus bring upon innocent persons a sort of necessity of pleading guilty by.paying the penalty, to avoid a greater expense. And this being the state of things, what will then be necessary but a weak or wicked person for a judge ; and from natural and free-born subjects, we shall quickly become the most abject slaves — wholly cut off from our last resource — hope of redress ! " These, sir, being the real sentiments of us, the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town, of this Act, as in its nature and effects considered, you cannot be surprised to find us greatly alarmed and deeply affected. And therefore, at the same time that we are firmly resolved in all possible ways to express our filial duty and loyalty to our Sovereign, and a due veneration for both Houses of Parliament ; we do also as concerned for ourselves, our posterity and country, entreat and enjoin it upon you, that so far from encouraging, aiding or assenting in the execution of this Act, CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 91 you do rather endeavor as far as consistent with allegiance and duty to our rightful Sovereign, to promote such measures as on the contrary, may tend to preserve us in the enjoyment of the invaluable rights and liberties we at present possess, at least till we hear the result of the measures already taken for general redress. "In the meantime, we earnestly recommend to you, the most calm, decent and dispassionate measures, for our open, explicit and resolute assertion and vindication of our charter rights and liberties ; and that the same be so entered upon record, that the world may see, and future gene rations know, that the present both knew and valued the rights they enjoyed; and did not tamely resign them for chains and slavery. We shall only add, that the best economy of the public money is at all times necessary, and never more so than at present, when public debts are heavy, and the people's burdens great and likely to increase. " We take it for granted, therefore, that you will carefully avoid all unaccustomed and unconstitutional grants, which will not only add to the present burden, but make such precedents as will be attended with conse quences which may prove greatly to the disadvantage of the public." Instructions such as these, read in open town meeting, and discussed and adopted by a unanimous vote of the inhabitants, would do much towards creating a just appreciation of their rights as subjects, and of the duties they owed, not only to their Sovereign, but to themselves. A people thus instructed, and trained in the school of stem religious principles, would be found ready for almost any emergency. Consequently when the town of Boston, to manifest their opposition to the oppressive acts of the ministry, resolved that they would not import or use certain articles on which these duties were laid, the inhabitants of Lex ington at a meeting held Dec. 28, 1767, " Voted unanimously, to concur with the town of Boston, respecting importing and using foreign commodities, as mentioned in their votes, passed at their meeting on the 28th day of October, 1767." Nothing of moment occurred in the municipal affairs of the town during the period under review. Roads were repaired, schools were supported, the poor were provided for, and the paramount subject, the maintenance of public worship, received its due share of attention. But the subject which pressed upon them most heavUy during this period, was the oppression of the mother country. Not however, that the measures of the British ministry did bear directly and immediately upon them with any distressing hardship at that time. But our patriotic forefathers 92 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. viewed all such subjects on a broad and disinterested scale; they looked at the principle involved in the measures ; and they knew full well that a trifling tax upon stamped paper or upon tea, would serve as an entering wedge to a system of taxation which must reduce the colonies to a state of absolute dependence, if not complete vassalage ; and patriotism prompted, nay, reUgion required, that they should oppose the first attempt to trample upon their rights. These feeUngs were general among the people, and nowhere were they entertained with more ardor than in the parish over which Mr. Clarke presided ; and consequently the people here let no opportunity pass unimproved, which bore upon the great subject of human rights. On the 21st day of September, 1768, the inhabitants of Lex ington assembled in to-wn meeting legaUy warned, " To take into their serious consideration the distressed state of the Province at the present day, and to pass any vote relative thereto." After due consideration, they made choice of Isaac Bowman, Esq., WUUam Reed, Esq., and Dea. James Stone, "to prepare rea sons for our present conduct ; " who subsequently reported the following Declarations and Resolves. " Whereas it is the first principle in civil society, founded in nature and reason, that no law of the society can be binding on any individual without his consent, given by himself in person, or by his Representative of his own free election ; and whereas in and by an Act of the British Parliament, passed in the first year of the reign of King William and Queen Mary of glorious and blessed memory, entitled an Act declaring the rights and lib erties of the subjects, and settling the succession of the crown, — the Pre amble of which Act is in these words, viz. " ' Whereas the late King James the Second, by the assistance of diverse evil Councillors, Judges, and Ministers employed by him, did endeavor to subvert and extirpate the Protestant Religion, and the laws and liber ties of the kingdom: It is expressly among other things, declared, that the levying of money for the use of the crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament for a longer time, or in other manner than the same is granted, is illegal.' " And whereas in the third year of the same King William and Queen Mary, their Majesties were graciously pleased by their Royal Charter, to give and grant to the inhabitants of this his Majesty's Province, all the territory therein described, to be holden in free and common soccage, and also to ordain and grant to the said inhabitants certain rights, liberties, and privileges therein expressly mentioned, among which it is granted, estab lished, and ordained, that all and every, the subjects of them, their heirs. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 93 and successors which shall go to inhabit within said Province and territory, and every of their children which shall happen to be born there, and on the seas in going thither or returning from thence, shall have and enjoy all the liberties and immunities of free and natural subjects-, within any of the Dominions of them, their heirs and successors, to all intents, purposes, and constructions, whatever, as if they and every of them were bom within the realm of England. " And whereas by the aforesaid Act of Parliament, made in the first year of the said King William and Queen Mary, all and singular, the premises contained therein, are claimed, demanded, and insisted on as the undoubted rights and liberties born within the realm : And whereas the freeholders and other inhabitants of this town in said Charter mentioned, do hold all the rights and liberties therein contained, to be sacred and inviolable ; at the same time publicly and solemnly acknowledging their firm and unshaken allegiance to their alone rightful Sovereign King George the Third, the lawful successor of the said King William and Queen Mary to the British throne : " Therefore, Resolved, That the freeholders and other inhabitants of the town of Lexington, will at the utmost peril of their lives and fortunes, take all legal and constitutional measures to defend and maintain the person, family, crown and dignity of our said Sovereign Lord, George the Third, and all and singular, the rights, liberties, privileges and immunities granted in said royal charter, as well as those which are declared to be belonging to us as British subjects, by birthright, as all others therein specially mentioned. " And whereas by the said royal Charter, it is specially granted to the Great and General Court or Assembly therein constituted, to impose and levy proportionable and reasonable assessments, rates, and taxes, upon the estates and persoiis of all and every, the proprietors and inhabitants of the said Province or territory, for the service of the King in the necessary defence and support of his government of the Province, and the protection and preservation of his subjects therein : " Therefore Voted, As the opinion of this town, that levying money within this Province for the use and service of the crown in any other manner than the same is. granted by the Great and General Court or Assembly of this Province, is in violation of the said royal Charter ; and the same is in violation of the undoubted, natural rights of subjects, declared in the aforesaid Act of Parliament, freely to give and grant their own money for the service of the crown, with their own consent in person, or by Representatives of their own free election. " And whereas in the aforesaid Act of Parliament, it is declared that the raising and keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with the consent of Parliament, is against law; it is the opinion of this town that the said Declaration is founded In the indefeasible rights of the subjects to be consulted, and to give their free consent in person or by Representative, of their own free election, to the raising and keeping a standing army among them. And the inhabitants of this town being free 94 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. subjects, have the same rights derived from nature, and confirmed by the British Constitution, as well as by the royal Charter ; and therefore, the raising or keeping a standing army without their consent in person or by Representatives of their own free election, would be an infringement of their natural, constitutional, aud charter rights ; and the employment of such an army for the enforcing of laws made without the consent of the people in person or by their Representatives, would be a grievance." The foregoing Report being several times distinctly read, and considered by the to-wn, the question was put whether the same shall be accepted and recorded, and passed unanimously in the aflSrmative. The foUowing vote was also unanimously passed. ' ' Whereas by an Act of Parliament of the first of King William and Queen Mary, it is declared, that for the redress of all grievances and for amend ing, strengthening, and preserving the laws, Parliament ought to be held frequently ; and inasmuch as it is the opinion of this town, that the people of this Province labor under many grievances, which unless speedily redressed, threaten the total destruction of our invaluable, natural, consti tutional and charter rights ; and furthermore, as his Excellency the Gover nor, at the request of the town of Boston, has declared himself unable to call a General Court, which is the Assembly of the States of this Province for the redress of grievances : " Voted, That this town will now make choice of some suitable person to join with such as are or may be appointed and sent from the several other towns in this Province, to consult and advise what may be best for the public good at this critical juncture. " Then made choice of William Reed, Esq. "Also voted. To keep a day of prayer on the occasion, and left it to the Rev. Mr. Clarke to appoint the time." These sentiments published in open town meeting, and sanc tified by a day of fasting and prayer, would of course govern the conduct of a sincere and conscientious people. No wonder therefore, we find them in 1769, ready to make what at the present day would in some families be considered a great sacri fice ; by voting " Not to use any tea or snuff, nor keep them, nor suffer them to be used in our famUies, tUl the duties are taken off." In 1772, a measure was on foot to make the Supreme Judges independent of the people, by granting them a salary directly by ParUament, thus taking from the people the only hold they had CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 95 Upon those officers — that of withholding supplies. This mea sure was no sooner talked of, than the alarm was given. "At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lexington, held Dec. 31, 1772, the following Resolves were passed. " 1. That it is the natural right and indisputable duty of every man, and consequently of every society or body of men, to consult their own safety, and to take measures for the preservation of their own liberty and property, without which life itself can scarcely be deemed worth pos sessing. " 2. That the security of life, liberty and property to a people, is and ought alwaj's to be considered, as the great end of all government, and is acknowledged to be the professed end of the happy Constitution of the British Government in particular. " 3. That when through imperfections, necessarily attendant upon the wisest systems of which fallible men are capable, or through the designs of wicked or crafty men in places of power and trust, any laws or acts of government are found to be obnoxious or oppressive to the subject, it is wisely provided and established by Magna Charta, the petition of Rights and other Statutes of England, that not only Counties, Cities, and Corpo rations, but also Towns and individuals, may consult and adopt measures for redress by petition, remonstrance or other ways, as occasion and the emergency of affairs may require. " 4.- That the inhabitants of this town and Province by tffe- Royal Char ter (a sacred compact between them and the crown) being vested with all the rights and privileges of Englishmen, and British subjects, have the indisputable right, both as a people and as individuals, to judge for them selves when laws or measures of government are obnoxious or oppressive, and to consult upon, and adopt the best measures in their power for redress when oppressed. " 5. And therefore. That as the inhabitants of this town look upon them selves, in common with their brethren and fellow subjects through the. Province, to be greatly injured and oppressed in various instances, by measures of Government lately adopted, especially by the proposed measure of making the judges dependent upon the crown alone for their support, they cannot but judge it their inalienable right and a duty they owe to themselves and posterity, as a town as well as individuals, to take these matters into serious consideration, freely to express their sentiments concerning them, and consult measures for redress. " Then voted that a committee of seven be chosen to report to the town at an adjournment of this meeting, a draft of Instructions for their Repre sentative, also of such further Votes and Resolves, as they may think best to recommend to the town. — Then made choice of William Reed, Esq., Isaac Bowman, Esq., Capt. Thaddeus Bowman, Dea. Benjamin Brown, Mr. Samuel Bridge, Dea. Joseph Loring, and Mr. Joseph Simonds." 13 96 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. At an adjourned meeting held Jan. 5, 1772, this committee submitted the following document, fraught with the wisdom and patriotism of their pious and devoted pastor, which was unani mously adopted : " To Mr. Jonas Stone, Representative of the Town of Lexington ; " Sir : It is not to call In question your capacity, disposition, or fidelity, of which we have given the fullest evidence in the choice we have made of you to represent us in the General Court of this Province, but in exer cising our right of instructing our Representatives, to open our minds freely to you upon matters which appear to us interesting to ourselves, to the Province, and to posterity, and to strengthen and confirm you in measures, which, we trust, your own judgment would have suggested, as necessary and important to our common safety and prosperity, though we had been silent. " Our worthy ancestors, after many struggles with their enemies in the face of every danger, and at the expense of much treasure and blood, secured toi themselves and transmitted to us, their posterity, a fair and rich inheritance, not only of a pleasant and fertile land, but also of invalu able rights and privileges both as men and Christians, as stated in the Royal Charter of the Province, and secured to us by the faith of the British Crown and Kingdom. As we hold due allegiance to our rightful Sovereign King George IU., and are ready with our lives and fortunes to support his just and constitutional government, so we look upon ourselves as bound by the most sacred ties, to the utmost of our power, to maintain and defend ourselves in our charter rights and privileges, and as a sacred trust com mitted to us, to transmit them inviolate to succeeding generations. "It is the general voice, at least of the more thinking and judicious among us, that our charter rights and liberties are in danger, are infringed, and upon the most careful, mature, and serious consideration of them, as stated in our Charter, and comparing them with Acts of the British Parlia ment, and measures adopted by the British Court, Ministry and Govern ment, relating to this and other American Colonies, some of which have been carried into execution among us ; we are clearly of opinion that they have been for some time past, and are at present, greatly infringed and violated hereby in various instances, and these measures have been gone into from time to time by the Honorable Council and House of Represen tatives of the Province for relief and redress ; yet so far from being successful, our grievances seem to increase and be more and more intoler able every day. " The unhappy and distressing effects of the measures referred to, are too many to admit,' and too well known and felt to require a particular mention. But we cannot forbear observing the glowing contrast which in some instances is to be seen, between our Charter and the Resolves and Acts of the British Parliament, and measures of administration, adopted CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 97 by the British Court, respecting the people of this, as well as other Colonies. "The Charter grants to our General Court full power and authority from time to time to make, ordain and establish all manner of reasonable laws, &c., and that such laws, &c., not being disallowed by the King within three years, shall continue In full force until the expiration thereof, or until repealed by the same authority. But the British Parliament have resolved, that they have a right to make laws, binding upon the Colonies in all cases whatsoever ; so that whenever they please to carry this resolve into execution, they may by another resolve passed into an Act, by one powerful stroke vacate our Charter, and In a moment dash all our laws out of existence, or bury them together in one common ruin. By the Charter, the right of taxing the people is lodged in the General Court of the Prov ince, and we think exelusl-vely. But by the late revenue Acts, which have been, with so many ensigns of power and terror, in open violations of the laws and liberties of this people, put into execution by the Commissioners of the Customs, this right is clearly infringed, and the power put into and exercised by other hands. " By the Charter, we are vested with all the rights and liberties of British subjects, one of which we know is In Magna Charta declared to be that of trial by jiiry, and that no freeman shall be disseized of his freehold, liber ties, &c., but by the lawful judgment of his peers, &c. But such is the provision made in the revenue Act, and such the exercise of the power of courts of admiralty; that men may be disseized of their liberty, and carried from one part of the country to the other, and be tried and sentenced by one judge, for any, even the smallest breach of this Act, whether real or supposed. Though the Charter provides for the erecting of judicatories for the hearing and trying all manner of offences, as well criminal and capital as civil ; yet if we are rightly Informed, a late Act of Parliament provides, and directs in some cases, that persons may be seized and carried to England for trial, and that for life. Should this be the truth, where is the right of freemen — where the boasted liberty of English subjects ? "The Charter represents the Governor of this Province, as Captain General, and as having full power and authority in all military and warlike affairs, and of himself to appoint all military officers, to erect forts and commit them to the custody of such person or persons as to him shall seem meet. But can it be said that this is the truth In fact, when the Governor himself declares, that he has no authority over those who have custody of the most important fortress, and where garrisons are changed, and officers appointed, not only not by the Governor, but without his knowledge or consent. — Whether this is the state of Castle William, the principal fortress of this Province, appears to us to be a question not unworthy the serious attention, and most critical inquiry of the Great and General Court. " The Charter not only vests the General Court with the right of impos ing taxes, but also points out the ends for which taxes are to be raised — 98 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. one of which is the support of the government, justly supposing that necessary connection between the governing and governed, and that mutual dependence which preserves a due balance between them, which in all well regulated States has been found to have the happiest tendency to promote good government on the one hand, and cheerful obedience on the other. But not enough that the right of taxation is violated, but the right of determining the merit and services of those that are employed in gov ernment, must be yielded too. Thus with respect to the first officers among us, the only remaining interest whereby persons in the service of the public were induced to be faithful in their trust to the people, is dissolved, and being entirely dependent upon the crown for both place and support, it becomes their interest, at least in many cases, to be unfaithful and partial in their administration with regard to the people. And consid ering the imperfections of human nature, it is scarcely possible it should be otherwise, even though the best of men were in authority. For interest will have its Influence to blind the eyes, and pervert the judgment of the wisest and most upright. We have been certified in form, that this Is the case with the gentlemen in the chief seat of Government, and at the head of the Province, and from the best information we are able to obtain, we have but too much reason to fear, that the same has taken place with respect to a number of others in places of trust and power, of no small importance to the well being of this people. Particularly we have reason to think this to be the fact with respect to the Judges of the Supreme Court, the highest court of justice in the Province — the court upon the decisions and determinations of which, all our interests respecting property, liberty or life, do chiefl.y and ultimately depend ; and what adds to the indignity of this measure is, that it is to be carried into effect, as we have just reason to suppose, at our expense, at the same time that it is against our consent. Thus the plan of oppression is begun, and so far carried on, that if our enemies are still successful, and no means can be found to put a stop to their career, no measures contrived for a restoration of our affairs to a constitutional course, as pointed out in our Charter ; we have just reason to fear that the eyes of the head of the Government being blinded, the sources of justice poisoned, and hands of the administration bribed with interest, the system of slavery will soon be complete. These things are of so interesting a nature, so deeply affecting, and so big with the ruin of all our rights and liberties, both civil aud religious, that we readily acknowledge that we cannot so much as transiently view them .without a mixture of horror, indignation, and grief. " But this Is not all. Our Charter knows no such thing as instructions to Government ; and yet what have not instructions done to distress this people ; and if In addition to these. It should be found upon the inquiry of the guardians of the Province in General Court assembled, (and they have a right to Inquire,) that the law has not in all instances had its course, or that at any time, measures have been successful to stay justice from offend- CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 99 ers, it seems as if it was time to be alarmed, and provide for our own safety, or else tamely to bow to the yoke and forever hereafter be silent. Whether this representation be just, is submitted and must be left to time and facts to discover. But that these among other things, are worthy our most serious attention, as subjects of inquiry and deep interest, cannot be disputed. " And therefore to you. Sir, whom we have chosen to represent us in the Great and Greneral Court of Inquest for this Province, we do most earnestly recommend it, that you use your utmost influence, that these as well as all other matters in wKch the rights and liberties of this people are concerned, are impartially inquired into, and dispassionately considered by the Greneral Assembly, and that measures be pursued by Petition to the throne, or otherwise, as the Court in their great wisdom shall see meet, for a radical and lasting redress. That thus, whether successful or not, succeeding generations might know that we understood our rights and liberties, and were neither afraid nor ashamed to assert and maintain them ; and that we ourselves may have at least this consolation in our chains, that it was not through our neglect that this people were enslaved. "William Reed, Per Order." At the same meeting the town took into consideration a communication from the to-wn of Boston on the same general subject, and " Voted, That this Town entirely concur with them in their sentiments, both as to the nature of our rights, and the high Infraction of them by the late measures of Government ; and with pleasure embrace this opportunity to express the great sense they have of the vigilance and patriotic spirit they and our brethren in many other towns, have discovered upon this and various occasions, for the preservation of our rights. " Voted, also. That this town has a right to correspond with other towns upon matters of common concern ; and that a Committee be accordingly chosen to transmit the proceeding of this meeting to the Gentlemen of the Committee of Correspondence in Boston ; and further, to correspond with them as well as the Committee of other towns, upon matters of common concern, as occasion may require." The town then proceeded and chose the foUo-wing named gen tlemen, as their Committee of Correspondence : Capt. Thaddeus Bowman, Dea. Jonas Stone, Ensign Robert Harrington, Dea. Benjamin Brown, and Dea. Joseph Loring. The opposition to the Stamp Act was such that ParUament was induced to repeal it, which they did in 1766. But this was a change rather than an abandonment of their policy. They 100 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. repealed an act which they saw that they could not enforce, for the purpose of adopting other measures which they deemed more artful and reductive, and hence more likely to bring the colonists to their feet. The sequel wUl show their measures, and the manner in which they were met by the people of America. In December, 1773, the inhabitants were called together to consider the state of pubUc affairs, and especially the subject of the Tea, sent over by the East India Company ; when the whole subject was referred to the Committee of Correspondence, who subsequently submitted the following Report, which was unanimously adopted : " That frrfm Intelligence transmitted by the Committee of Correspond ence in the Town of Boston, to the Committee of Correspondence for this place, and by them communicated to the town, it appears that the enemies of the rights and liberties of America, greatly disappointed in the success of the Revenue Act, are seeking to avail themselves of a new, and if possible, yet more detestable measure to distress, enslave, and destroy us. Not enough that a tax was laid upon teas, which should be Imported by us, for the sole purpose of raising a revenue to support task masters, pensioners, &c., in idleness and luxury; but by a late Act of Parliament, to appease the wrath of the East India Company, whose trade to America had been greatly clogged by the operation of the Revenue Acts, provision is made for said Company to export their Teas to America free, and dis charged from the payment of all duties and customs in England, but liable to all the same rules, regulations, penalties and forfeitures in America, as are provided by the revenue Act, as much as if the above mentioned Act had never been passed. "Not to say anything of the gross partiality herein discovered in favor of the East India Company, and to the injury and oppression of Americans, we are alarmed at the masterly effort of iniquitous policy, as it has the most gloomy effect upon the trade of these Colonies, and gives an opening to the East India Company, or others under the covert of an Act of Par liament, for the unrighteous purpose of raising and securing a revenue to the crown out of the purses of Industrious Americans, to monopolize one branch after another, until in the process of time, the whole trade will be in their hands, and by their consignees, factors, &c., they will be the sole merchants of America. "And further, we are more especially alarmed, as by these crafty measures, the revenue Act is to be established, and the rights and libertie's of Americans forever sapped and destroyed. These appear to us to be sacri fices we must make ; and these are the costly pledges that must be given into the hands of the oppressor. The moment we receive this detested article, the tribute will be established upon us. For nothing short of this will ever fill the mouth of the oppressor, or gorge the insatiate appetite of CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 101 lust and ambition. Once admit this subtle, wicked ministerial plan to take place — once permit this tea, thus imposed upon us by the East India Company, to be landed, received and vended, by their consignees, factors, &c., the badge of our slavery is fixed, the foundation of ruin is surely laid, and unless a wise and powerful God, by some unforeseen revolution in Providence, shall prevent, we shall soon be obliged to bid farewell to the once flourishing trade of America, and an everlasting adieu to those glorious rights and liberties, for which our worthy ancestors so earnestly prayed, so bravely fought, so freely bled ! " This being the light in which we view these measures of administration in their nature and tendency, we cannot but be alarmed, especially when we see our danger so great, — our ruin so nearly effected; — the ship with the detested tribute Tea in the harbor, and the persons appointed to receive and sell the same, unnaturally refusing to resign their appointment, though by carrying It into effect, they should procure their country's ruin. As there fore we should be wanting to ourselves, to our country and posterity, to be silent upon such an occasion as this, and as we have no reason to expect that God, the Supreme Disposer of all things, will work miracles for ns, while we neglect ourselves, we do with the greatest seriousness and sin cerity, come into the following Resolves. "1.. That as the Revenue Act, and the Act allowing the East India Company to export Teas into the Colonies subject to duties, with all the measures of the Ministry and Administration, whether by secret craft or open violence to carry said Acts into effect, appear to us to be a direct violation of our charter rights and liberties ; we are determined to the utmost of our power in every rational way, upon this and all proper occa sions to oppose them, and use our most vigilant and resolute endeavors to prevent their taking place among us. "2. That we will not be concerned either directly or indirectly in landing, receiving, buying or selling, or even using any of the Teas sent out by the East India Company, or that shall be imported subject to a duty imposed by Act of Parliament, for the purpose of raising a revenue in America. "3. That all such persons as shall directly or indirectly ald-and assist In landing, receiving, buying, selling or using the Teas sent by the East India Company, or imported by others subject to a duty, for the purpose of a revenue, shall be deemed and treated by us as enemies of their country. " 4. That the conduct of Richard Clarke and son, the Governor's two sons Thomas and Elisha Hutchinson, and other consignees. In refusing to resign their appointment as factors, or vendue masters for the East India Company, when repeatedly requested by the town of Boston, has justly rendered them obnoxious to their fellow citizens, to the inhabitants of this town, and to the people of the Province, and America in general ; and as 102 HISTORY OP LEXINGTON. upon this occasion they have discovered, not only want of due affection for their native country, but also from selfish views, (as we think,) a s,trange disposition to accelerate Its ruin — we cannot but consider them as objects of our just resentment, indignation, and contempt. "5. That, as It has been basely insinuated, that the measures taken to prevent the reception of the East India Company's Teas, are the effect of a scheme of the merchants to advance their own interest, it is the opinion of this town, that the suggestion is false and malicious, and designed at the same time to deceive and delude the people into a compliance with' measures of their enemies, and to prevent the good effect of the honest and patriotic endeavors of so valuable and powerful part of the community to rescue the trade and liberties of their country from impending destruction. " 6. That as with gratitude to our brethren In Boston, and other towns, we do express our satisfaction in the measures they have taken, and the struggles they have made upon this, as well as many other occasions, for the liberties of their country and America ; we are ready and resolved to concur with them In every rational measure that may be necessary for the preservation or recovery of our rights and liberties as Englishmen and Christians ; and we trust in God, that should the state of our affairs require it, we shall be ready to sacrifice our estates and every thing dear in life, yea, and life itself, in support of the common cause." The above Resolves being passed, a motion was made that to them another should be added; accordingly it was resolved, without a dissenting voice : . " That if any head of a family In this Town, or any person shall from this tirne forward, and until the duty be taken off, purchase any Tea, or sell or consume any Tea in their families, such person shall be looked upon as an enemy to this town, and to this country, and shall by this town be treated with neglect apd contempt." At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lexington, duly warned, on the 26th of September, 1774, Dea. Stone was chosen to repre sent the town in the General Court. A committee, consisting of Capt. Bowman, Dea. Brown, and Lieut. Edmund Munroe, was chosen to prepare Instructions, who reported the foUo-wing draft, which was adopted : " The alarming situation of our public affairs being so distressing as at present, and our Council being chosen by a mandamus from the King, whose authority as a Council we cannot own, nor consent to, — " We, therefore, the inhabitants of the town of Lexington, being assem bled at the Meeting House in said Town, on Monday the 26th day of CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 103 September instant, to make choice of a Representative, and having made choice of Dea. Stone as our Representative, we, putting the fullest confi dence in your Integrity and ability, do instruct you, Sir, in the following manner — to use your utmost Influence at the Great and General Court, that nothing there be transacted as a Court, under the new Council, or in conformity with any of the late Acts of Parliament." At the same meeting they chose Dea. Stone a delegate to the Provincial Congress. Having repeatedly denounced the acts of the Ministry and Parliament, as acts of oppression, designed to rob the people of the Colonies of every right which they held dear ; and having pledged ^eir fortunes and their lives, should the occasion require, in defence of the great principles of liberty, like men who knew what they said, and said what they meant, the inhabitants of the town made preparation for the last resort of oppressed subjects. Consequently, at meetings held in No vember and December, they voted "to provide a suitable quantity of flints," — " to bring two pieces of cannon from Watertown and mount them," — " to pro-vide a pair of drums for the use of the mUitary company in Town," — "to provide bayonets at the town's cost for one third of the training soldiers," — "to have the mUitia and alarm Ust meet for a -view of their arms," &c. And that these votes shoiUd not prove a mere dead letter, com mittees were chosen to carry them into effect. Besides, as the Pro-micial Congress had recommended to the people to put themselves in a state of defence by organizing mUitary companies, to be armed and equipped, and to be ready to march at the shortest notice, it was voted by the inhabitants. of Lexington, that they would carry out these recommendations, and committees were appointed for that purpose. As the Con^: gress had also chosen Henry Gardner, Esq., of Stow, to be Receiver General of all province taxes which should be collected, and requested the several to-wns to pay their respective portions of the taxes, when coUected, over to him, instead of paying them over to Harrison Gray, Esq., His Majesty's Receiver Gen eral; the people directed then- coUectors to pay the province tax, when coUected, over to Henry Gardner, Esq., and assured them by solemn vote, that the towfl would see them harmless for so doing. These " a-wful notes of preparation " showed that the people were prepared for any emergency, and firmly resolved to U 104 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. maintain their rights by the sword, if remonstrance and entreaty should prove ineffectual. We do not claim for the town of Lexington any exclusive honor in this respect. But we do say, that no town, under all the circumstances, is deserving of more praise. No town was more ready to resolve, and no town backed up her declarations with more promptitude, or made greater sacrifices in the cause than the town of Lexington. Her population was smaU, being only about seven hundred, and her means were limited; but like the woman in Scripture, "she did what she could" in the cause of the colonies — the cause of freedom. I have been thus particular in presenting the acts and doings of the inhabitants of Lexington, preparatory to the opening of hostilities ; for, after all, we are to contemplate the American Revolution, not so much in the strife upon the ensanguined field, as in the cool deliberation, and the firm resolve which character ized our people at the period immediately preceding the open rupture. I have been thus particular in order to present to the public those valuable state papers, -written by the Rev. Jonas Clarke, which prepared our people, not only for tiie contest, but for the just appreciations of rational and constitutional Uberty. It is an easy thing in times of excitement to arouse the pas sions of men, and nerve their arms for battle — 'to teach their hands to war and their fingers to fight.' But to instil into their minds the great principles of civU and religious Uberty, and make them realize their duty as citizens, is a more difficult task. But this has been done in a clear and able manner, in the docu ments above cited. So fully and so clearly are the grievances under which our fathers labored, and the causes which gave rise to the American Revolution set forth, that if all other records were destroyed, and aU recollections blotted from the memory, the faithful historian could, from the Instructions given to the Representatives of Lexington, and the other papers found in our Records, emanating from the pen of Mr. Clarke, trace the devel opments of oppression from year to year, and state the tme causes of that mighty struggle. With the master mind of this pious divine, operating upon and almost controlUng the people of his charge, and with the mUitary discipline to which some thirty of the citizens of Lexington had CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 105 been subjected in their service in the French war, we can easily account for the firm and manly resistance made by them on the 19th of AprU, 1775. It was not mere military ardor, thirsting for renown on the field of battle — it was not that spirit of adventure which frequently leads to deeds of noble daring in the face of an enemy — nor was it a thirst of conquest for the hope of gain, that animated the breasts of the citizens of Lexington on that memorable day. No, it was the higher and holier aspi rations of patriotism that fired their bosoms, and led them into the face of danger ; it was a love of liberty, guided by reason and sanctified by religion, that gave them firmness, and made them steadfast and immovable in the cause they had espoused. They knew in whom they trusted, and the charge they had to keep ; they knew that they stood the defenders of human rights — the protectors of their Avives and children. And though the odds were fearfully against them, they looked to that Power to whom, their devoted pastor had so often pointed them, and had confidence that the justice of their cause would bring down the sustaining aid of the "Lord of Sabaoth." As the feelings and sentiments which prevailed among the people of Lexington, pervaded the whole community on the opening of the year 1775, an open rupture was a mere question of time. With such haughty pretentions as were put forth by the Ministry and Parliament of Great Britain on the one side, and the calm but resolute detei-mination of the colonists to enjoy the rights and maintain the privUeges of British subjects on the other, it was certain that this controversy could not end in words. There was too much pride on the one hand, and too much prin ciple on the other, to justify the belief that England would abandon her poHcy, or the colonists their rights. To the eye of the enUghtened statesman, the Revolution had already com menced, and the great battle of freedom was being fought. The resolve had been taken, and the armor had been burnished. The magazine had been prepared, the train laid, and the match ignited ; and whenever by design or by accident, the fuse should come in contact with the powder, the explosion must take place. Those, therefore, who contemplate the Revolution as com- mencing.on the 19th of April, 1775, must look at effects rather than at causes ; and suffer their minds to rest upon the outward 106 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and visible, rather than penetrate the great moral causes ope rating by fixed and certain laws, which had been developing themselves for more than a century. The rash act of Pitcairn at Lexington Common, was by no means the cause of the Revo lution. It was merely the accidental occurrence which opened the drama at that time and place. The tragedy had been written, . the great parts assigned, and the grand result penned by the recording angel, and if the first act had not been opened at Lex ington and Concord, it must have transpired on some other field. Otis and Adams opened the battle of the Revolution, long before the bayonet was fixed, or the sword drawn. Clarke's Instruc tions to our Representatives did as much to make the patriots stand firm on the Common in the very face of a superior force, as did the stern command of the gallant Parker. Nor does this view of the subject lessen the praise due to the patriot band, which raUied in freedom's cause on the 19th of AprU. On the contrary, it adds greatly to their honor, and reflects imperishable lustre upon their names. It shows that they acted, not from passion, but from principle, and fought not to conquer, but to defend — not to despoU a foe, but to establish for themselves and for their posterity a government of laws, which would mete out to every citizen his rights and his priv Ueges, and secure them in their enjoyment. The colonies had outgrown their minority, and, by an irresistible instinct of. our nature, felt that they had a right to set up for themselves. The freedom of thought and of speech which had been so long enjoyed in America, had prepared the people for freedom, and that precious boon must be enjoyed. They were no sticklers, for forms. They were sober, peaceable, and law-abiding, and had no desire to break off their connection with the mother country, if they could be treated with parental regard. But as the matter then stood, a separation was inevitable. The irrepressible con- ffict had commenced, and the work must go on to, its completion. The day of debate, must now give place to a day of action ; and any attempt at a peaceable adjustment would be merely a tempo rary adjournment of the open rupture. CHAPTER IV. CAUSES OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. The State of Feeling towards the Mother Country — Allegiance to the Crown — Massachusetts the First to deny the Right of Parliament to legislate for us — Massachusetts Charter annulled — Andros appointed Governor, with Despotic Powers — Andros imprisoned — A new Charter granted — Writs of Assistance issued — Otis opposed them — Admiralty Jurisdiction ex tended — The Stamp Act passed — Stamp OiRcer hung in Effigy — General Congress at New York — Stamp Act repealed — A Ship-of-War sent to Bo.' ton — Gov. Bernard dissolved the General Court — Refuses to Order a New Election — A Convention assembles in Boston — Two Regiments sent to Boston — The People refuse to furnish them Quarters or Rations — Bernard recalled, and Hutchinson appointed Governor — The Boston Massacre — Hutchinson removes the Troops to the Castle — Boston laid under Martial Law — Committees of Correspondence organized — The Tea destroyed — Massachusetts the First to deny the tower of Parliament, and the First to baffle the Ministry. Jn the preceding chapter, the state of feeling in the town of Lexington, up to the commencement of the revolutionary struggle, and the measures there adopted, have been presented. We have seen in the instructions to their representatives the great doctrines of freedom and good government plainly foreshadowed, and the causes which led to the Revolution, strotigly set forth in general terms. In this chapter it is proposed to state these causes on a broader scale, and to trace, from time to time, the developments of oppression on the one hand, and of the spirit of freedom on the other. By this view, broader in its territorial application, we shall see that the aspirations and the throbs which sweUed the bosoms of the citizens of Lexington, beat in unison with the pulsations throughout the province. Springing from a stock proverbial for its loyalty, our fathers were not incUned to revolt from the mother country. On the contrary, they were proud of their ancestry, and claimed nothing but the rights of English subjects. The Reformation in the six- 108 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. teenth century, by estabUshing the right of private judgment, had clothed man with individuality, and taught him to think and judge for himself; and whUe the consciousness«of personal ac countability had in a degree wrought out spiritual emancipation, the contests growing out of the absurd prerogatives of the crown of England, had prepared the many for political freedom. The most intelligent among the people of Great Britain regarded the infallibUity of the Pope in spiritual, and the infallibility of the King in temporal things, as equally absurd. The seeds of civU and religious liberty had in this manner been sown broadcast throughout the realm, and though some had fallen by the way side, and some in stony places, others had faUen on good ground, and were promising a future harvest. Those who emigrated to these shores were deeply imbued with the spirit of liberty, both civil and religious. They had felt the exactions of the state, and the persecutions of the church in their own country, and rather than submit to these evils, they chose to encounter the perils and privations of a life in a wUderness, surrounded by savage foes. But though they had fled from persecution in their native land, they did not design to throw off their allegiance to their rightful sovereign. The first settlers of New England, before they left the Mayflower, declared that they came to this wUdemess to pro mote " the glory of God, the advancement of the Christian faith, and the honor of their king and country." And after they had landed upon these shores, they cherished a fond recoUection of the land of their birth. Their memories recurred to the scene of their chUdhoOd, and brought up anew all the endearing associa tions of early life. They remembered -with filial gratitude the parents who had reared them, and the friends they had left behind ; and next to the spot which was endpared to them by their trials, their dangers, and their sufferings, their warmest benisons rested upon their native isle. But being separated from the parent country by the broad expanse of ocean, they knew that they must rely mainly upon themselves. Realizing that they held their fortunes in their own hands, they naturaUy felt that they had a right to manage their own affairs in their o-wn way. Holding the country by the double right of charter and of pur chase, they could not divest themselves of the conviction that the CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 109 lands they had cleared and the huts they had erected were theirs by no ordinary title. Having set up civU and religious institu tions for themselves, they had a growing attachment for the work of their own hands, and felt that their wishes should be con sulted in everything which related to the cdlonies. Claiming by their Charter, not only their possessions, but all the rights and immunities of Englishmen, — whUe they acknowledged their aUe- giance to the Crown, they maintained that they had fuU powers of legislation : and hence they denied aU right in Parliament to impose taxes upon them without their consent. As the controversy growing in part out of taxation, gave rise to the Revolution, of which the events of the 19th April were the commencement ; and as the resistance of our fathers to the Acts of Parliament is sometimes appealed to, to justify resistance to our laws at the present day, — it is important to a just understanding of the issue then, and of our duty now, that the facts be distinctly stated, and the exact issue be kept in view. The precise question was this : Has the British Parliament, in which the colonies have no representation, a right by the colonial Charters and by the English Constitution, to tax the colonies for the support of the Home Government, or to m,odify their Charters, without the consent of the colonists ? Great Britain claimed this right; and rested it upon the supre macy of ParUament. The colonies, they said, were of their own planting ; and being a part of the British empire, were subject to aU the laws of the realm ; and that Parliament, being supreme, " had a right to legislate for them in all cases what soever." On the other hand, it was maintained by the colonists, that -on lea-sdng Great Britain with a Charter from the crown, they brought with them to this country, all the rights and im munities of English subjects ; that on the great principles of natural rights, recognized and secured by the English constitu tion, aU private property was sacred) and hence that all taxes must be granted by the people themselves, or by representatives chosen by them; that those natural and constitutional rights were not only inherent in the colonists, but were also secured to them in their Charters, which were sacred compacts that no power on earth could rightfiiUy infringe ; that by the fiindamental law of the empire, taxation and representation were inseparably 110 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. united, and as the colonies were not, and from the nature of the case, could not be represented in the British Parliament, so Parliament had no right to impose taxes upon them, especially for the maintenance of the Government at home. It was more over contended that their Charters gave them full powers of legis lation, and that they had exercised those powers from the first, with the full knowledge and acquiescence of the British Govern ment. They also declared their wUlingness at all times, to grant by their own Legislatures, all moneys which they should deem necessary for the support of their own government, and also to defend His Majesty's Colonies in America against the enemies of their king and country. Such was the precise issue made, at that time. The Colony of Massachusetts may justly claim the honor of being the first to put forth this doctrine. As early as 1634, attempts were made to vacate the Charter of- the Colony, rather for non-conformity in religious matters than any thing else, and the people of Massachusetts distinctly intimated that they had full powers of themselves to make all needful laws for their own preservation. But in 1646, Parliament having asserted full powers over the colonies, the General Court of Massachusetts protested against the doctrine, as one calculated to bring them into a state of vassalage. In a memorial to Parliament they say, " We have not admitted appeals to your authority, being assured that they cannot stand with the Uberty and power granted to us by our Charter, and would be destructive of all government." In the same spirit, Winslow, the agent of Massa chusetts in England, publicly d«nied the jurisdiction of Parlia ment over the colonies. "If the Parliament Of England," -said he, " should impose laws upon us, having no burgesses in the House of Commons, we should lose the liberties and freedom of EngUshmen indeed." Thus did Massachusetts, within the first quarter of a century after the first settlement of New England, assert the power of the colonies, and deny the right of Parliament to legislate for them, on the ground that they were not represented in that body — a doctrine on which the colonies finaUy united, and resisted the acts of the parent country. The arbitrary claims of Great Britain being persisted in, Massachusetts declared in 1661 that, under God and their Charter, CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. HI they had a right to choose their own officers, to exercise " all power and authority, legislative, executive, and judicial, to defend themselves by force of arms against every aggressor, and to reject, as an infringement of their rights, any parliamentary or royal imposition prejudicial to the countiy, and- contrary to any just act of colonial legislation." To punish Massachusetts for her bold and independent oppo sition to the claims of the King and ParUament, a quo warranto was issued in 1683, to annul her Charter ; the King at the same time making a public declaration that pardon would be extended to the colonists, in case they would consent to certain modifica tions of the Charter. On the receipt of this ' intelligence in Massachusetts, a general consternation at first prevailed. They knew that many cities in England had been compeUed to surrender their charters, and submit to the King and Parliament; The Governor and assistants were persuaded that it was hopeless to resist, and recommended that agents be sent to England " to receive His Majesty's command." This recommendation was sent to the representatives of the people, who returned it with this laconic endorsement " The Deputies consent not, but adhere to their former biUs." The Charter, however, was annuUed, and the Colony was left to the tender mercy of the corrupt court of Charles H. The revocation of the Charter was foUowed by the intro duction of a despotism, more grievous than anything before known in Massachusetts. Sir Edmund Andros, who had been appointed Governor of New England, arrived in Boston, in 1686, empowered by the new sovereign, James H., to appoint and remove his own councU, and with their consent to exercise all powers of legislation, to make laws, lay taxes, control the militia, and to sustain his authority by force. To carry out this arbitrary and despotic system of government, he resolved that no printing presses should be tolerated in the country, and that the people should not be permitted to assemble in to-wn meetings to deliberate upon public affairs. Under his corrupt administra tion, public schools were neglected, religious institutions were impaired, and the personal rights of the citizens were either disregarded or basely trampled upon. But a despotism like this was not long to be endured. Those who had denied the 13 112 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. power of the King and ParUament, would not long submit to the imposition of taxes by a subordinate magistrate. And while his monarch was preparing the way for his own overthrow in Great Britain, Andros was laying the foundation for his over throw in the colonies. When the news reached Boston in the spring of 1689, that James II. had fled his country, and that the Prince of Orange had ascended the throne, the people w^ere determined to imitate the example of their British brethren, and rid themselves of their tyrant. Andros attempted to sustain himself by force ; but the people were too sensible of their rights, and of his weakness, to submit. They seized the sheriff, the military commander, and, at last, the Governor himself, and committed them to prison. The whole town of Boston was in arms, and, actuated by what they declared to be their sense of duty to their God and country, completely overthrew the government of Andros. WhUe the people of Great Britain were rejoicing in the expulsion of the Stuarts, the people of' New England were sounding their peans for the overthrow of a subordinate tyrant. The Charter of the Colony of Massachusetts, which was annulled in 1685, was restored by WiUiam and Mary in 1691, with several limitations; the crown claiming the right to appoint the Governor, who should have a negative upon the Legislature. The Council, however, were to be chosen by the Legislature. Though this Charter did not restore to the people all the rights and privUeges which they had formerly enjoyed, taken in connection with the arbitrary government of Andros, it contained some important provisions. The people of New England, from the first, were in the habit of transacting all Idnds of business in their town meetings. In those Uttle democracies, they not only acted upon their muni cipal affairs, but had been accustomed to discuss all pubUc questions, and devise measures for the good of the Colony. These meetings had been suspended by Andros, who, judging correctly, considered them the great means of creating and keeping alive a thirst for independence. Though the first Charter did not in terms authorize the holding of such meetings for such purposes, it gave powers which almost necessarily implied it. But no such meetings were forbidden during the CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 113 period which intervened between the annulling of the first Charter, and its restoration ; the Act of William and Mary revived these customs, and gave the royal construction in favor of what may be denominated the political rights of towns. This construction of the rights of the people wUl appear more important in the subsequent part of this narrative. Under this modified Charter, the G;eneral Court were to provide for the support of the Government, and the payment of its officers ; and to make these officers responsible to the people, they claimed the- right of fixing their salaries annually, instead of estabUshing them by standing laws. This course involved the Colony in a controversy with the crown, which was renewed from time to time, for nearly forty years, when Governor Belcher prevailed upon the crown to accept the annual grant ; and so the controversy subsided, leaving the Colony victor in the field. During the war between England and France for the con quest of Canada, the controversy between the former and her colonies was in a great measure suspended ; though the attempts of Great Britain to quarter her troops upon the people, •without the consent of their legislatures, kept them alive to a sense of their rights, and of the injustice of the parent country. But after the close of the war with France in 1763, the British Government turned their attention to the colonies, and attempted by various means to bring them to subjection. One measure was to make the judges dependent upon the crown alone ; thus making the judiciary the mere creature of the king, and a fit instrument by which to oppress the colonies, and so bring them to submission. This roused the indignation of the people, who plainly saw a settled purpose in Great Britain to reduce them to a state of vassalage. But the darling policy of the Administration was to raise a revenue from the colonies. Various propositions were presented for some new and direct enactment, which would bear upon the colonies, and do something to supply the British treasury. It was, however, thought best to revive and enforce some gen eral existing law regulating trade, rather than adopt a special provision for America. An effort was consequently made to carry out this plan, and, to render it effectual, it was thought necessary to clothe the officers of the customs with fuU power 114 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and authority to call to their aid all the executive and judicial officers in the Colony. As Boston was the great mart of trade, and Massachusetts the most perverse Colony, it was deemed advisable to try the experiment there. In 1761, the officers of the customs applied to Hutchinson, who had been raised to the chief justiceship in Massachusetts, for "Writs of Assistance," to enable them to collect the duties upon various imported articles. The application was resisted, and the case argued before the whole court. Jeremiah Gridley appeared for the crown , and argued the necessity and legality of the writ; but when he had closed, James Otis, a man of ardent feeUng, exalted patriotism, and thrilling eloquence, stepped forth in behalf of the colonists. "I am determined," said he, "to sacrifice estate, ease, health, applause, and even life itself, to the sacred caUs of my country, in opposition to a kind of power, the exercise of which cost one king of England his head, and another his throne." He then proceeded to point out the iUegality and oppressive character of such a writ. He denounced it, "as the worst instrument of arbitrary power, the most destructive of EngUsh Uberty and the fundamental principles of law." " No Act of ParUament," said he, " can establish such a writ ; an Act of Par liament against the Constitution is void." The powerful and eloquent appeal of Otis awakened a feeling which had been slumbering in the breasts of the patriots of the colonies, and prepared the people for more active and efficient efforts in the cause of freedom. John Adams, who was present and listened to the argument and eloquence of Otis, declared " that from that time, he could never read the Acts of trade without anger, nor any section of them without a curse." The Court after some delay and consulting the EngUsh ministry, granted the writ, which greatly heightened public feeling, and prepared the people for more decisive measures. But the great cause of discontent was the enforcing of the Acts of trade by the Courts of Admiralty — courts entirely independent of the colonies, and depending upon the crown alone — courts in which all cases were decided without the intervention of a jury, and where the pleasure of the ministry was the paramount law. WhUe the public mind in the colonies was thus agitated, and fears were entertained for the safety of their rights, the Board of CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 115 Trade recommended, in 1763, the passage of an Act, requiring all the legal instruments in the colonies, including notes, receipts, orders, certificates, &c., to be written on stamped paper, upon which a duty should be imposed — the agents of the colonies in England partially assenting to the measure. On the arrival of this inteUigence in America, the people of Boston and the Legis lature of Massachusetts, ever aUve to the rights of freemen, in their instructions to their agent in London, remonstrated against the threatened measure ; declaring, " that the sUence of the Province should have been imputed to any cause, even to despair, rather than be construed into a tacit cession of their rights, or an acknowledgment of a right in the Parliament of Great Britain to impose duties and taxes upon a people, who are not repre sented in the House of Commons." In the same instructions, they endorse the doctrine of Otis, "that the imposition of taxes, whether on trade or on lands, on houses or ships, on real or personal, on fixed or floating property in the colonies, is abso lutely irreconcUable with the rights of the colonists, as British subjects or as men." In 1765, the worst fears of the colonies were realized in the passage of the Stamp Act, and the adoption of other measures, designed to support the absolute supremacy of Parliament over them. And to insure the execution of these odious and oppres sive acts, not only all the civU officers in the Colony were put in requisition, but the whole naval and mUitary force, which was to be increased in America, was to aid in the support of these arbitrary measures j and to render the pUl more bitter, the people here were required to support the troops which were sent over to oppress them. And to render the tyranny absolute, aU cases arising under these acts were to be decided in Courts of Admiralty, without the intervention of a jury, by a single judge, created by the crown, whose sole support was to be drawn from his share of the profits of his own condemna tions. Massachusetts took the alarm. Her people saw in this series of measures, a fixed and determined plan to reduce them to sub jection, and to bring them to the foot of the throne. Governor Bernard, in his message to the Legislature, assured them that it was the duty and interest of the Colony to submit, for the law 116 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. " would now be prosecuted to its utmost completion ; " but the representatives of the people addressed letters to the other colo nies, inviting them to choose delegates to meet in a General Congress at New York, to consult together on the affairs of the colonies. In the meantime the Stamp Act arrived in Boston, and Oliver, naturaUy odious to the people, was announced as the officer who was to receive and dispose of the stamps. The Act was universally condemned in Boston, " as arbitrary, unconstitu tional, and a breach of the Charter." Oliver, the stamp officer, was hung in effigy. Hutchinson, the Chief Justice, ordered the sheriff to remove the image, but the people insisted that it should remain through the day. Governor Bernard summoned his Council, but a majority of them refused to interfere. The next evening, the image was taken down, placed upon a bier, carried down State street, directly by the Council Chamber, the multitude shouting at the top of their voices, "Liberty, Property, and no Stamps." They then proceeded to Kilby street, where they demoUshed a frame, which it was said OUver was erecting for a stamp office, and with the fragments of the frame made " a funeral pyre for the effigy in front of his house on Fort HUl." A few evenings after, the mob assembled near the old State House, seized and burnt the records of the Admiralty Court, and afterwards assaulted the house of the Comptroller of Cus toms, and of the Chief Justice, who had rendered himself extremely odious to the people. The demonstration was so strong that Oliver was induced to resign his office, and the stamps were left in the hands of the Governor. Never had the feeUngs of the people of Boston and vicinity been wrought up to such a pitch ; for though the sober part of the community condemned the assault upon the house of the Comptroller and of the Chief Justice, they were willing to have such a manifestation of pubUc sentiment as should render the execution of the oppres sive law impracticable. The press and the pulpit spoke out in language not to be misunderstood. The patriotic Mayhew preached to a large audience from the text — "I would that they were even cut off, which trouble you ; for, brethren, ye have been called to liberty ;" in which he set forth the importance of civil and religious freedom, and the duty of the people to maintain their just rights by all suitable means. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 117 The General Congress which convened at New York, put forth a declaration of sentiments, dwelUng mainly upon the inherent right of trial by jury, in opposition to the extension of Admi ralty jurisdiction ; and the right of exemption from taxation, except through their respective colonial legislatures. This doc trine being avowed by a General Congress, tended directly to unite the different colonies, and so prepare them for the great struggle which was approaching. On the very day of the adjournment of Congress, the Legislature which first proposed that assembly, convened at Boston, and in reply to Governor Bernard, asserted a doctrine in relation to the power of ParUa ment, from which the Colony never receded. " The Charter of the Province," they declare, "invests the General Assembly with the power of making laws for its internal government and taxa tion ; that there are certain original, inherent rights belonging to the people, of which ParUament cannot divest them ; among these is the right of representation in the body which exercises the power of taxation ; that there is a necessity that the subjects in America should exercise this power within themselves, for they are not represented in Parliament, and such a representa tion is deemed impracticable." WhUe these doctrines were advocated in Massachusetts by James Otis, Samuel Adams, and their associates, and in several of the other colonies by some of their purest patriots and wisest statesmen, they also found able advocates in Great Britain. Pitt, Baixe, Burke, and others connected with the government, pleaded the cause of liberty in the British Parliament, with such distinguished abUity and force of argument, that the ministry, fearing the strength of the opposition at home, and the resistance of their subjects in America, consented to the repeal of the Stamp Act. Thus was Great Britain completely foUed in her first attempt at raising a revenue in her colonies, to sustain her burdened treasury. The repeal of the Stamp Act produced a general rejoicing in the colonies. The Legislatiire of Massachu setts passed an Act remunerating those who had suffered in the destruction of their property in attempting to execute the Stamp Act. But with characteristic wisdom, they were careful to state in the biU itself, that the sufferers had no just claim, and that 118 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the relief was granted of " their own good will," and not from deference to any " requisition made upon them." In the meantime the ministry were devising measures of tax ation in the shape of duties upon imports into the colonies. In the debates upon the Stamp Act, a distinction had been taken between internal and external taxation. It was maintained by the opponents of the Stamp Act, that it related to the internal trade of the colonies, and was a proper subject to be regulated by local law. The ministry thought to avoid this objection by imposing a duty upon imports, which related to foreign com merce — to the general subject of trade. But the colonists were not disposed to acquiesce in any such distinction. Seeing the new attempt of Parliament to subject them to taxation, the people of Boston in town meeting assembled, resolved that they would not import British manufactures or other merchandise on which duties were imposed. The Legislature of Massachusetts, led on by that distinguished and far-seeing patriot, Samuel Adams, forwarded instructions to their agent in Great Britain, to be communicated to the ministry, in which they embodied their fixed and unchangeable opinions. They renewed their former declarations, that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies ; and they further declared that the creation of new crown officers, and the sending of a standing army to be quartered upon the people, were in fact introducing an absolute government into the colony, which would lead to the most dan gerous consequences ; for they add significantly, " the laws of God and nature are invariable." They also addressed a circular to the other colonies, setting forth their common grievances, and asking their cooperation in all such measures as may be found necessary for the maintenance of their rights as freemen. Governor Bernard, with all his professions, was a deadly enemy to the Colony. For while he was pretending to be friendly to the people, and was assuring them of his cooperation and aid in all their efforts tp obtain their rights, he was writing to the ministry, representing the Colony in a state of rebellion, and urging upon them the necessity of sending over a naval and mUitary force to reduce them to subjection. In May, 1768, the Romney, a- ship-of-war, arrived in Boston harbor from Halifax, being sent at the suggestion of Bernard, and at the request of CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 119 the Commissioners of Customs, to awe the Bostonians into sub mission. To strengthen his crew, and to show his entire disre gard of the feelings of the people, and the rights of the colonists, the commander forcibly and insolently impressed New England seamen to serve on board his ship. He also seized a merchant ship belonging to John Hancock, and anchored her under the guns of his vessel. This created intense feeling among the inhabitants. A town meeting was called, and a committee of twenty-one was chosen to wait upon the Governor, and present an address to the citizens, in which they claimed for the Colony the sole power of taxation. At the same time they condemned in strong terms, the practice of impressment, and demanded the removal of the Romney from the harbor. The town also declared and put on record, their irrevocable determination to assert and maintain their dear and invaluable rights and liberties, at the utmost hazard of their fortunes and their lives. At the same time, they expressed their readiness to maintain loyalty and submission to Great Britain in aU things necessary to the preser vation of the whole empire. In the midst of this excitement. Governor Bernard laid before the Legislature a letter from the British ministry, calling upon them to rescind their Resolutions denying the power of Par Uament to tax the colonies ; and also to recall their Circular addressed to the other colonies, asking their cooperation and support in defence of their just rights. This presented a more direct and important issue than had ever before been made. Here was an express requisition made upon the Legislature, and it must be met at once. Under the guidance of Samuel Adams, who was ever ready to meet any emergency, an answer was retumed to Lord HUlsborough, justifying the course of the Legislature, and refusing to retrace their steps. This bold^and independent measure was sustained by the House -with great unanimity, there being but seventeen against the measure, and ninety-two in its favor. When the Governor was informed by a message from the House, that they had refused to rescind, and had affirmed their former doings, trembUng with fear, he first prorogued, and then dissolved the assembly. Massachusetts was now without a Legislature. The people had no intention to begin a rebelUon — they intended to act only 16 120 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. on the defensive. They knew their rights, and were determined to maintain them at every hazard ; but, at the same time, they intended to act with prudence. Massachusetts had not only the consciousness that she was in the right, but that she had the sympathy, and in an emergency, should have the aid and support of her sister colonies. In the autumn of 1768, hearing that three regiments of troops were to be sent to Boston to reduce them to a state of subjection, and the Legislature having been dissolved by the Governor, the people requested him to order a new election. On hearing of the refusal of Bernard to call a new Legislature, the people of Boston repaired to FaneuU Hall, that cradle of American Liberty, and resolved, " That the inhabitants of Boston wUl at the utmost peril of their lives and fortunes, maintain and defend their rights, liberties, pri-nleges and immunities ; and that money cannot be granted, nor a standing army kept up in the Province, but by their own free consent." They also unanimously requested the selectmen to wait upon the clergymen of the town, and request them to set apart the foUowing Tuesday as a day of fasting and prayer. The request was cheerfully compUed with, and the day was kept in a solemn manner. In this way the sacred sanctions of reUgion were brought to bear upon the civU policy of our fathers, and hence they asserted their rights, not simply as patriots who owed a debt to their "country, but as Christians who were under obligations to their God. Shortly after, a Convention of the Pro-vince assembled at Boston to consult upon the public safety. One of their first acts was to petition the Governor to summon a constitutional Legislature, to prevent the encroachments of the military upon the civU power. The Governor not only refused to receive their petition, but admonished the Convention to separate, as they should "repent of their rashness." The Convention, however, continued in session six days, and repeated the protest of the Colony against taxation by Parliament, and against a standing army quartered among them. There were many in the Province, and foremost among them was Samuel Adams, who saw that a collision of arms was inevitable. But it was desirable to unite all the people in the Colony, and also to secure the sympathy and assistance of the other colonies. The cause was one, and all CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 121 had a common interest in the result ; and so aU must be Induced, if possible, to act together. To secure this, it was essential that -wise and discreet measures should be adopted. On this ground, prudence and a strict adherence to law, were strongly enjoined. Adams, though firm as a rock, and fearless in the hour of danger, was at all times cool and coUected, and knew when to arouse, and when to soothe public feeUng. Patriotism -with him was a reUgious sentiment ; and though he had a zeal of God, it was always according to knowledge. He knew that it would be madness for the citizens of Boston to provoke an encounter with the King's troops, which were about to be landed among them ; but he knew that by holding the mUitary to a strict legal account, and keeping it subordinate to the civU power, the force would be of but little utUity to the crown ; and would, in fact, do but little towards enforcing the arbitrary commands of the treach erous Governor. A few days after the adjournment of the Convention, a squadron from Halifax, -with two regiments of troops and a company of artUlery on board, arrived in the harbor of Boston. The selectmen being caUed upon to provide quarters for the troops, taking the advantage of an Act of ParUament, refused to grant them "tUl the barracks were full," at Castle WUUam. The Governor's CouncU also insisted upon this pro- -dsion of law, and refused to furnish quarters. They also refused to pro-nde suppUes of provisions and fuel without the consent of the Legislature, which had been dissolved by the Governor himself. Thus was the treacherous Bernard caught in his own toUs. He was greatly perplexed in providing for the troops he had secretly caUed for; to send them down to the Castle, as Fort Independence was then caUed, would be remo-vdng them too far from the point where he -wished to station them, that they might awe the people into submission. Great efforts had been made, both in England and in this country, to have Otis, Adams,- and other leading patriots, sent to Great Britain to be tried for their lives. But after aU the endeavors of the corrupt and deceitful Bernard, and the administration at home, it was decided by the. law officers of the crown, that their acts did not constitute treason, the only crime which by the statute wovdd justify their being brought to England for trial. 122 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. The people of Boston were encouraged to persevere in their resolution not to import dutiable articles. Many of the towns in ihe Province adopted resolutions, assuring the citizens of the metropolis that they -vvould aid them in carrying out that policy. The people of Lexington as we have already seen, declared in 1769, that they would drink no more tea tUl the unconstitutional revenue A-ct should be repealed. Such assurances from every quarter gave the people of Boston great courage, and induced them to persevere. Boston being the seat of oppression, was of course the first to complain — the first to speak out — the first to a,ct. And they performed their part nobly. But at the same time, it should be understood that the patriots of Charlesto-wn, of Roxbury, of Cambridge, of Salem, and we may add of the towns generally, counselled with the patriots of Boston, and whatever was done at Boston, was sustained by the people in the interior. The people in the country followed the town of Boston, not merely because Boston had acted, but because she had acted on the general policy, and carried out the great princi ples to -nrhich all the people, both in the town and in the country, had assented. In 1769, Bernard being notified of his recaU, convened the newly chosen Legislature, that they might appropriate his salary before he left. But the Legislature, true to the interests of freedom, even before electing a Clerk or a Speaker, complained to the Governor that " the armament by sea and land in the port and at the ga,tes of the city, during the session of the Assembly," -was an indignity to the Legislature. Bernard in reply declared that he had no authority over his Majesty's troops ; whereupon they declare by way of rejoinder, that a standing army, uncon- troUable by the qivU authority of the Province, was dangerous to Uberty and inconsisten,t with the spirit of a free constitution. The Govemor however adjourned the Legislature to Cambridge, that they need not be overawed by the presence of liie troops ; and his great object being to obtain his salary, he urged the appropriation upon the House ; but that body instead of granting it, directly refused,, and petitioned the crown for his removal from the government. They also affirmed their former doctrine in relation to taxation, and declared that "the estabhshment of a standing q,rmy in the Colony in time of peace. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 123 without the consent of the Legislature, was an invasion of the natural and chartered rights of the people." The treacherous Bernard was succeeded by the more treach erous Hutchinson ; and the affairs of the Colony were not at all improved hj the change. The ministry had so far yielded to the colonies as to remove the tax upon tea ; but the concessions came too late. The people plainly saw that paying the duty upon one article, would be surrendering the great principle for which they had contended ; and they boldly declared that they would resist the payment of taxes in any form. On the 18th of October, 1769, the to-wn of Boston published an "Appeal to the World," in which they say, " A legal Meeting in the Town of Boston is an Assembly where a noble freedom of speech is ever expected and maintained ; where men think as they please, and speak as they think. Such an Assenibly has ever been the dread, and often, the scourge of Tyrants. Our Rights are invaded by the Revenue Acts ; therefore, tiU they are aU repealed, and the troops recaUed, the cause of our just complaints cannot be removed." StUl the people of Boston were disposed to abide by aU laws constitutionaUy made ; for whUe they had. no disposition to encounter the troops stationed in their midst, they were carefiil to have every officer and soldier, who should invade the rights of the citizen, or trample upon the civU authority, brought before the magistrate. In this way, they rendered the troops comparatively harmless, and as burdensome to the cro-wn as they were to the people. The troops so stationed, became weary of a Ufe of inactivity, and, Uke soldiers generaUy in that situation, assumed important airs towards the citizens. SmaU bodies of them would go through the town at night creating disturbances, and insulting the people who were abroad in the streets. On the evening of the 2d of March, 1770, a number of British soldiers having coUected in State street, insulted some of the citizens who were passing, which soon drew together a considerable concourse of people. Preston, a British captain, who was officer of the day, soon appeared with a file of men with fixed bayonets, and their muskets loaded. Preston ordered them to fire upon the citizens, which they did, kiUing three men, and wounding several others. The excitement was fearful. The bells rang in aU the churches. 124 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. The town drums beat. "To arms! to arms," was the cry. The people were excited almost to madness at the sight of their slaughtered brethren. At eleven the next day, a town meeting was opened at Faneuil Hall with a prayer by Rev. Mr. Cooper. Samuel Adams and fourteen others were chosen a committee to wait upon the Governor, and, in the name of the town, demand the removal of the troops. The Governor after considerable hesitation consented to remove one regiment to the Castle ; but decided to retain the rest in the town. FaneuU HaU being insufficient to contain the multitude which had assembled, the meeting was adjourned to the Old South Church. The com mittee which had waited upon Hutchinson, came in with their report of the interview, and pronounced the answer of the Gov ernor unsatisfactory. The town after due deliberation raised a new committee, com posed of Adams, Hancock, Warren, and other prominent citi zens, to bear to the Governor their final message. Samuel Adams, always manly and dignified, would at times rise even above himself, and speak with a majesty and authority which would excite admiration and command obedience. Here was a proper occasion for him to appear as he was, truly great. Hutchinson had exerted himself to the utmost to have Adams sent to England as a traitor to be tried for his Ufe ; and at this important juncture the patriot and the courtier stood face to face. " It is the unanimous opinion of the meeting," said Adams to the Governor, " that your reply to the vote of the inhabitants in the morning is unsatisfactory ; nothing less wiU satisfy them than a total and immediate removal of aU the troops." Hutch inson hesitated, repeating his former statement, that he had no power to remove them. "If you have power," rejoined Adams, " to remove one regiment, you have power to remove both. It is at your peril, if you do not. The meeting is composed of three thousand people. They are become very impatient. A thousand men are already arrived from the neighborhood, and the country is in general motion. Night is approaching; an immediate answer is expected." Hutchinson hesitated, trembled, and finally quailed before the master-spirit of this patriot band, and consented to withdraw the troops from the town, and quarter them at the Castle. On the return of the committee with the CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 125 intelUgence, the meeting dispersed ; but not untU they had pro vided a strong mUitary watch of their own, to be on duty till the regiments should leave the town whose peace and safety they had disturbed. The Governor was mortified and chagrined, at finding himself foUed in his plan, and his mUitary force checked and controlled by the civil authority. The government at home, sharing in this mortification, strove to raise the mUitary above the civil power by placing the proscribed town of Boston under martial law. The Governor, in consequence of this step, resigned the Castie to the miUtary commander at Boston. This new act of arbitrary power on the part of the King and CouncU, tended to hasten the rupture which the wisest statesmen had lOng seen to be merely a question of time. Up to the commencement of 1772, Boston had acted without any special concert -with other towns in the Province. Resolu tions had been adopted, and the leading patriots in Boston had counseUed with kindred spirits in other towns ; but there had been no organized channel of communication. But as the weight of British vengeance seemed to be concentrating upon Boston alone, many of her patriotic citizens were filled with apprehension, bordering upon despair. And well might they hesitate, if not tremble. They saw their town subjected to martial law, and their trade threatened with destruction ; the King and ParUament, drawing the cords of oppression tighter and tighter around them. And whUe these accumulating evils seemed to be gathering, as if to burst upon their devoted heads, they saw some of the other colonies faltering and even giving in a partial adherence to the demands of their common oppressor. Boston had become comparatively quiet, and the fires of patri otism seemed to be dying out. John Adams had retired from the service of the people ; Hancock faltered ; Gushing, PhUlips, Church, and others who had been active before, hesitated or decUned active service in the patriot cause. But there was one man among them who knew not despondency ; one who was reared up for the crisis, and who Uke all tmly great men, was sure to rise -with the occasion. Samuel Adams stood firm at his post. Seeing the crisis approaching, he was resolved to meet it. He saw in prospect the independence of the colonies, and 126 HISTORY OF XEXINGTON. knowing that great events could be brought about only by- active and weU concerted means, he conceived the plan of opening a correspondence with all the to-wns in the Province ; and by an organized system of town and county committees to form a sort of government by which the energies of the Colony might be directed, and so be prepared for any exigency which might arise. And though his plan at first was but feebly seconded in Boston, and some who had been active before, refused to act on the committee ; in a short time there came a response from the country, which infused new life into the people, confirming the wavering, and gaining new advocates for the cause of popular rights. When the Legislature assembled in January, 1773, these responses from the towns were laid before them. The popular voice thus expressed, the firmness manifested, and the determina tion evinced by the people themselves in their primary meetings, strengthened the hands of the Assembly, and rekindled in their breasts those fires of patriotism, which were never more to expire. The Governor in his message to the two Houses, with the design of either bringing them to submission, or into a more direct conflict with the parent government, caUed upon them either to admit or disprove the supremacy of Parliament. The House, by its champion, Samuel Adams, took up the Governor's message, and in an able and artful manner, showed that, from the premises laid down by the Governor in that document, the power of Parliament could not be supreme over the colonies. Encouraged by the almost unanimous voice of the whole Province, and strengthened by the noble and patriotic response from Virginia, the leading patriots of Massachusetts saw that the issue was fairly made, and that a rupture between the colonies and Great Britain was inevitable, and that nothins but union and firmness were necessary to insure independence. Their ftiture measures, therefore, must look to this result. WhUe these things were occurring, the feelings of the peoplei of Massachusetts were further exasperated by the pubUcation of sundry letters written by Governor Hutchinson to the ministry in England, urging the adoption of the most arbitrary and oppressive measures against the Colony. By this development, what had been suspected before, was now more than confirmed. CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 127 It appeared that the Governor had been guUty of the greatest hypocrisy and treachery, urging Great Britain to oppress the people over which he was ruling ; whUe to them he was making the most solemn protestations of friendship, and assuring them that he was doing everything in his power to lessen their burdens and secure their rights. The East India Company, anticipating a profitable market in America, had purchased a large amount of tea, and to prevent a heavy loss, they prevailed upon the Council to allow them to ship it to America free of duty in England. The ministry pro bably thought that this would afford a good opportuWty to test the principle, and obtain a concession from the colonists. A large quantity of tea was shipped to America. Three cargoes were destined to Boston. In the meantime, the Committee of Correspondence had succeeded in enUsting the sympathy of most of the to-wns in the Province ; and had obtained the assurance from the other colonies, that they would resist this new imposition, and would not suffer the tea to be landed. The amount of duty was small, but, as the payment of it would recognize the right of Parliament to tax them, they could not consistently -with their oft repeated declarations, submit. Besides the leading statesmen were fully sensible that an open rupture must inevitably take place at no very distant day ; and they did not intend that any act of concession should be cited against them, when the eventful period should arrive. They chose rather to nieet the oppressor at the threshold, and admonish him of the danger of his measures, before it was too late. It was for Massachusetts in this case, as in all others, to take the lead. The people knew that the tea ships were on their passage, and that the Governor himself in the name of his sons, was among the consignees. A large assembly convened at the "Liberty Tree," where the consignees had been requested to meet the people. Adams, Hancock, and other distinguished patriots, were present, but the consignees faUed to appear. A committee was chosen to wait upon them at their ware houses, and request them not to land the tea, but to return it to England in the same vessels in which it had been shipped. The consionees without hesitation refused to hearken to their request. A town meeting was caUed, and a similar request made in the 17 128 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. name of the town. In the meantime one of the ships arrived in the harbor, the owner of which promised the Committee of Cor respondence, that the entry of the ship should be delayed for several days. The citizens of Boston held a meeting the next morning, which was the largest ever known in the to'wn. Adams, Hancock, Warren, and other prominent men were present, and took part in the proceedings. It was voted unanimously, that the tea should not be landed, but should be sent back without the payment of the duty. The owners of this ship and others which were soon expected, finally agreed that they would not enter the tea, but would return it, agreeably to the request of the citizens. Meantime the people of Boston were receiving assurances of cooperation from all parts of the Province. Cam bridge, Charlesto-wn, Roxbury, Dorchester, and many other to-wns in the immediate vicinity, acted with them through their committees. Towns more remote assured them of their aid. " We trust in God," -wrote the people of Lexington, "that should the state of our affairs require It, we shall be ready to sacrifice our estates and everything dear in life, yea, and life itself, in support of the common cause." Such was the pledge given ; and nobly was It redeemed. The other two ships had arrived, and the twenty days had nearly elapsed, within which they must enter at the custom house or obtain a clearance. The Govemor had stationed an armed ship In the channel below, and had caused the guns at the Castle to be loaded, to prevent the departure of the ships without his permission, — which he had resolved not to grant. On the 16th of December, 1773, the people of Boston, with at least two thousand men from the country, assembled at the Old South Church, and resolved that the tea should not be landed. The meeting continued in session tUl after dark, when the final report came that the Governor had resolved that the vessels should not pass the Castle, tUl the tea had been discharged. Whereupon Samuel Adams rose in great dignity and said, " This meeting can do nothing more to save the country." In a moment a shout was heard at the door ; the war-whoop resounded ; a party of forty or fifty men, disguised as Indians, passed by the door ; and encouraged by the presence of Adams, Hancock, and others at the meeting, repaired to the wharf, where the ships were CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 129 lying, and having posted sentinels to keep off intruders, took possession of the vessels, and in about three hours the whole quantity on board, some three hundred and fifty chests of tea, was emptied into the dock, without any injury being done to the rest of the cargo. The work being accomphshed, the party went quietly to their respective homes. John Adams, in a letter -written the next day, playfully said, " AU things were conducted with great order, decency, and a perfect submission to govern ment." The destruction of the tea produced a general rejoicing throughout the colonies. The act was hailed with great exulta tion everywhere, and served to bind the people together more closely than anything which had occurred. In one of the popular baUads of the day, the destruction of the tea is thus graphically described : " Quick as thought the ships were boarded. Hatches burst, and chests displayed ; Axes, hammei^s, help afforded ; What a glorious crash they made ! " The Legislature of Massachusetts took active measures to sustain the dignity and maintain the rights of the Province. Pro-rislon had been made In Great Britain fof paying the judges of the Supreme Court by the crown. Knowing the tendency and design of this measure were to destroy the independence of the judiciary, and make it subservient to the king, the Legis lature protested against it, and requested the judges to decline the corrupting donation, and at the same time voted them liberal salaries from the colonial treasury. Four of the judges yielded to the request of the Le^slature ; but OUver, the Chief Justice, refused. Whereupon the House found a bUl of impeachment against him, and declared him suspended from office, tiU the Issue could be tried by the CouncU. The course pursued by Massachusetts from the first, had rendered her the special object of British displeasure ; and the destruction of the tea at Boston, fiUed up the measure of her iniquity in the estimation of the king and Parliament ; and this Province was marked as the victim on which to pour out the vials of their wrath. And weU did she merit this preeminence. 130. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. She was the first to assert the rights of the colonies, and the boldest in proclaiming them to the world. She was the most steadfast in her determination to resist British encroachments, and the njost active in her efforts to unite the colonies in the great cause of human freedom. Other colonies had takeii high and patriotic grouqds ; and If some of them had, at some partic ular juncture, stepped a little in advance of Massachusetts, they were soon seen falling in her rear ; and if they did not tempo rarUy forsake her, they thought they had performed their whole duty, when they had resolved to foUow where the Puritan Province should lead. Freedom, with Massachusetts, was not a passion, but a prin ciple — a deep religious conviction, which was not to be stifled by king or Parliament. Her people regarded civU government as a divine institution ; and their zeal for civil and for religious liberty being kindled at the same altar, they could no more desert the state than the church. With no disposition to invade the pre rogatives of Great Britain, they were determined to maintain their own rights unimpaired. With such views and principles, resistance to British encroachment would foUow as a matter of course. The people felt that they were acting under great responsIbUIty — that they were acting, not for themselves alone, but also for posterity. They knew the insidious arts of des potism in steaUng away one right after another, and they chose to repel the first aggression. Whether the tax were great or smaU, they regarded the encroachment as equaUy palpable ; and they esteemed it to be their duty to resist the threepenny tax on tea, rather than entaU vassalage upon their chUdren and their chUdren's children. They disdained all freedom which they held at the mercy of foreign masters. Besides, their enlightened statesmanship, as weU as their reUgious faith, taught them that this western continent was a field opened by the Supreme Ruler of the Universe, for the spread of civU and religious freedom, and that at no distant day it must be Independent of the old world. Consequently when other colonies of less faith faltered, Massachusetts, animated by the zeal and faith of a pious min istry, warmed by the patriotism of the eloquent Otis, and guided and sustained by the wisdom and xmflinching integrity of the far-seeing and incorruptible Adams, was ever ready to assert the CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 131 rights of the colonies, and to adopt such measures as were best calculated to sustain the sacred cause of freedom. That Massachusetts stood fiurst In what they denominated rebeUious Provinces, the records of ParUament abundantly show. On the 7th of March, 1774, the Earl of Dartmouth laid before the House of Lords a great variety of papers in relation to the conduct of the American colonies with reference to the duty on tea. These papers were referred to a committee consisting of about fifty members, who at once selected Massachusetts as the head and front of the offending, not only with reference to the destruction of the tea, but also In relation to the whole subject of taxation, and the power of Parliament. In an elaborate. report submitted to the House of Lords by the Earl of Buck inghamshire, April 20, 1774, they say, "that they have atten tively read and considered the several papers relative to the proceedings of the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, In opposition to the sovereignty of his Majesty in his ParUament of Great Britain, and have carefully Inspected the journals of the House from the 1st of January, 1764, to the present time." They then proceed to give a detaUed account of the doings of this Colony for the period of ten years — showing that Massachusetts had, during that period, not only denied the right of Parliament to tax the colonies, but had uniformly thrown every obstacle in the way of coUectIng a revenue In America — overawing the officers of the crown, and compelling them to resign ; refusing to quarter troops sent over to enforce the laws, and even denying the right of sending troops into the Province in times of peace, without their consent; asserting for themselves an exemption from the laws of ParUament, and also claiming for themselves the right to legislate in aU cases whatsoever. And whUe they had In this manner denied the power of Parliament, and resisted the execution of the laws, they had taken active measures to draw the other colonies into the same rebellious policy; and that the destruction of the tea In the harbor of Boston was the crowning act of their insubordination and hostUity to the British government. Lord North in introducing the Boston Port BiU, gives Massa chusetts the preeminence in disloyalty, by saying, " Boston had ever been the ringleader in aU riots, and had at all times shown 132 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. a desire, of seeing the laws of Great Britain attempted in vain in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay. That the act of the mob in destroying the tea, and the other proceedings, belonged to the acts of the public meeting ; and that though the other colonies were peaceable and weU Inclined towards the trade of this country, and the tea would have been landed at New York without opposition ; yet when the news came from Boston that the tea was destroyed. Governor Try on thought it would be prudent to send the tea back to England. Boston alone was to blame for having set the example ; therefore Boston ought to be the principal object of our attention for punishment." Thus, Massachusetts justly claims the merit, if merit it be, in being first and foremost In pleading the cause of freedom in opposition to the demands of despotic power, and in adopting measures which led to the independence of these States. The fact that she was singled out by the British Government as the object of what they denominated parental chastisement, shows that she was regarded as the most forward of the colonies of Great Britain in resisting their acts. From this time forth Massachusetts was made to feel the special vengeance of an oppressive administration. As the British ministry was pleased to give Massachusetts the credit of being first and foremost in her opposition to their measures, so we are wiUing to accept the honor. What the corrupt ministry of George the Third was pleased to brand with dishonor, Massachusetts regards as patriotism, and glories In, as her most praiseworthy deeds, and Is wiUing to submit the decision of this question to the impartial verdict of the world. That verdict has already been rendered. And whUe the proud court of king George has been pronounced cruel and oppressive, the Colony of Massachusetts Bay has been lauded for her patri otism, and extolled for her firm devotion to the great cause of freedom and equal rights. CHAPTER V. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. Passage of the Boston Port Bill — Gage appointed Governor — His Instruc tions from Dartmouth — Gage arrives in Boston —The Bill goes into Opera tion—Bells tolled, and a Day of Fasting and Prayer appointed — Boston holds a Town Meeting -^ Two Other Bills passed by Parliament transferring Appointments to the Crown, and changing Fundamentally our Charter — Four Counties meet in Convention — Resolutions adopted — Officers ap pointed by the Crown compelled to resign, and Jurors refuse to be sworn — Middlesex Convention's Address — Gage forbids the Holding of Public Meetings — Seizes Public Powder at Charlestown and fortifies Boston Neck — Gage calls a General Court — Call revoked — A Provincial Congress organized at Salem, and adjourned to Concord — The Provincial Congress ¦ recommend an Organization of the Militia, appoint General Officers, and Committees of Supplies, and Safety — Delegates to the Continental Con gress — Provincial Congress appoint a day of Fasting and Prayer — Wor cester and Concord selected as Depots for Military Stores. The steady and undeviating opposition of the Province of Massachusetts to the oppressive acts of the ministry and Parlia ment, and the 'wisdom by which all their measures had been made abortive, naturally rendered that corrupt court impatient to crush the Colony at a blow. They only waited for a con venient opportunity. The destruction of the tea filled up the measure of colonial iniquity, in the estimation of the ministry ; and the mighty power of a mighty nation was to be concentrated upon the town of Boston. Lord North brought forward his biU for closing the port. It was hurried through both houses of ParUament, and received the royal assent on the 31st of March, 1774. This Act, which has generally been denominated the " Boston Port BUl," fell particularly hard upon the people of Boston and Charlestown. As it was the great mart of commerce In New England, and a large share of the people depended in one form or another upon the trade of the place, for employment, — closing the port, and so annihilating all commerce, spread con- 134 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. stemation among thousands of the inhabitants. But the Act had passed, to take effect on the first of June ; and Thomas Gage, who was appointed Captain General and Governor of Massa chusetts, was intrusted 'with its execution. The situation of the people of Boston, and indeed of the Colony, was peculiarly trying. The concentrated power and energy of a mighty nation, was to be put forth to crush out the warmest aspirations for Uberty which had been fondly cherished for years. To submit to the cruel demands of their oppressors, was to abandon all their former hopes, and to falsify their solemn pledges, and by thus degrading themselves, to become slaves. On the other hand, what would resistance avaU ? How could a mere handful of unarmed and undlscIpUned men prevaU against the mighty power of England ? To a people less firm and con scientious, such a dilemma would have been awful — dividing their councils, distracting the people, and rendering the whole commu nity a confiised rabble. But the good people of Boston and of Massachusetts were not to be seduced by flattery, nor intimi dated by a show of power. They had pUghted their faith, and their mutual pledges were to be redeemed. They awaited the event with unwavering fortitude, resolved at the same time to ward off the blow as best they might. Gage being appointed to the command, the Earl of Dart mouth, in his letter of Instructions, under date of April 9th, Informed him that " the sovereignty of the king in his Parliament over the colonies, required a fuU and absolute submission," and that "his command over the king's troops," and his employing those troops with effect, "would in aU probabUIty secure the execution of the law, and sustain his Majesty's dignity." Gage landed in Boston on the 17th of May, and was received by the people and the Legislature with aU the attention, and with every demonstration due to his station. He undoubtedly flattered himself, that he should be able In a short time to bring the people to submission ; for two days after his arrival, he 'wrote to Lord Dartmouth, "that the Port BiU has staggered the most presumptuous." Still he thought it prudent to call for additional troops, which were forwarded In the course of the summer and early autumn, so that he wrote that he was able " to form a force of nearly three thousand men, exclusive of the regiment to defend the Castle." GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 135 The Boston Port Bill went Into operation on the first of June, without any opposition on the part of the people. StUl the tolling of bells, fasting and prayer, and the exhibition of emblems of mourning, proclaimed a deep religious feeling more dangerous to the peace of the Governor, and the success of his measures, than any display of military force could have been. Amid this state of gloom the people were not Inactive. On the 13th of May, the very day on which Gen. Gage arrived in the harbor, the people of Boston met at Faneuil HaU, chose Samuel Adams moderator, and adopted a vote Inviting all the other colonies " to come into a joint resolution to stop all Importations from Great Britain, till the Act for blocking up the harbor of Boston be repealed." At an adjournment of this meeting on the 31st, they resolved, "that the Impolicy, Injustice, -inhumanity, and cruelty of the Boston Port BUl, exceed our powers of expression ; we therefore leave it to the just censures of others, and appeal to God and the world." Samuel Adams, -writing to Arthur Lee, then in London, under date of April 4th, says, " the acts of Great Britain wUl produce the entire separation and independence of the colonies," and that " it requires but a smaU share of the gift of discernment, for any one to foresee that Providence wUl erect a mighty empire in America." But while this great leader In the Province saw that a collision was Inevitable, and that the result must be glorious to the colonies, with that prudence characteristic of the truly great, he recommended wise moderation. In a letter to Lee, May 18th, 1774, he says, " Our business is to find means to evade the malignant design of the. Boston Port BIU. Calm ness, courage, and unanimity prevail In Boston. WhUe they are resolved not tamely to submit, they wUl, by refraining from acts of violence, avoid the snare that they discover to be laid for them, by posting regiments so near them." But it was not the Boston Port BiU alone, that General Gage was to carry into effect. The British ParUament had passed two other Acts, quite as objectionable as the Port Bill — Acts which robbed the people of many of their rights, and substantiaUy nullified their Charter. One was entitled "an Act for better regulating the government of the Province of Massachusetts Bay," and provided that the counsellors, which had been chosen 18 136 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. annuaUy by the General Court, should be appointed by the king, and be removable at his pleasure; that the judges, sheriffs, and other civil officers, should be appointed by the Govemor; that all jurors which had been chosen by the people, should be selected by the sheriffs ; — thus making the whole judicial department dependent upon the crown, and subservient to his wiU. The same Act provided that no town meetings, except the annual meetings for the choice of town officers in March or May, should be holden without the consent of the Governor. The other Act provided that any person charged with any capital offence, committed whUe acting " as a magistrate for the suppres sion of riots, or in the support of the laws of revenue, or acting In his duty as an officer of revenue," might, at the pleasure of the Govemor, be removed to any other colony, or to Great Britain for trial. These Acts formed a system of oppression hardly to be endured by a people born to the enjoyment of constitutional liberty. Up to this period, the question had been mainly one of taxation ; but .now almost every right was impaired, and every privilege taken away. The great principles of the English Constitution and the American Charters, were wantonly violated. - These Acts not only shut up the harbor of Boston, and thereby destroyed the trade of the town, bringing bankruptcy and ruin upon men of business, and extreme suffering upon the laboring poor ; but they virtuaUy destroyed the impartial administration of justice, and practically annulled that great prerogative of the citizen — trial by jury. Another grand prerogative of the citi zens of Massachusetts was grossly trampled in the dust. From the veiy first, the people of New England had been accustomed to assemble together in their town meetings, and there discuss aU measures which related to their temporal and spiritual in terests. Such meetings were by implication granted in their first Charter, and were clearly established by usage and enjoyed by the whole people ; and when the despotic Andros attempted to abridge this right, the people resisted the encroachment, as an attack Apon one of their dearest privileges. The last named Acts were received by Gen. Gage on the 6th of August, 1774, and he lost no time in attempting to carry them into effect. Most of his counseUors accepted their appoint- GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 137 ments ; the courts convened under this new authority, and the sheriffs summoned their jurors. But the people in the meantime were not idle. The town committees, the organization of which was, as we have already seen, devised by Samuel Adams, con stituted a sort of government to which the people looked for advice and protection. A meeting of delegates from the town committees of the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Middlesex and Worcester, met at FaneuU HaU and deliberated upon the state of the Province. They pronounced the new measures of Parlia ment "a complete system of tyranny," robbing the people of the most essential rights of British subjects, and resolved that aU officers accepting appointments under these oppressive acts, ought to be regarded as traitors to the Colony ; that a Provincial Congress ought to be held, and that the action of the courts in the meantime ought to be suspended. Such suggestions were readUy adopted by the people. The judges In attempting to hold a court in Berkshire county, were driven from the bench, and jurors selected by the sheriff In the county of Suffolk, refused to be sworn. The counsellors who had been appointed by the king, were compeUed to resign, or seek safety in Boston. On the 30th of August a convention was held at Concord, consisting of delegates from every town and district of Mid dlesex county, to deliberate upon the state of the Province. Being aware of the critical condition of affairs, they say In then- Address, "The question now Is, whether by a submission to some of the late Acts of Parliament, we are contented to be the most abject slaves, and entaU that slavery upon posterity after us ; or by a manly, joint, and virtuous opposition, assert and support our freedom. Life and death, or what is more, freedom or slavery, are, in a peculiar sense, now before us ; and the choice and success, under God, depend greatly upon ourselves." They resolved that the late Acts of ParUament are unconstitu tional, and that no officers appointed under them ought to be obeyed, and conclude by saying — "no danger shall affright, no difficulties shaU intimidate us ; and if In support of our rights, we are called upon to encounter death, we are yet undaunted, sensible that he can never die too soon, who lays down his life in support of the laws and Uberties of his country." Such was the 138 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. patriotic ground taken by the freemen of Middlesex — such the ennobling sentiments they would instill into the bosom of every American. Nor was this an empty boast. Their conduct at Lexington, Concord, and Bunker HiU, showed that they were tme to their professions. To Middlesex county belongs the honor of holding the first convention, and taking the lead In making a perfect organization against the arbitrary power and oppressive policy of the British ministry. With a promptness worthy of all praise every town and district responded to the call. General Gage kept a watchful eye upon these proceedings ; and regarding these public meetings as among the most dan gerous means of rallying the people In opposition to his authority, was determined to suppress them. Notices were issued for a meeting in Salem to choose delegates to a county convention. General Gage issued a proclamation forbidding the people " at their utmost peril from attending any meeting not warranted by law." He also sent a detachment of troops to disperse the meeting, but on their arrival the people had dispatched their business and adjourned. FaUing In his attempts to prevent such meetings, and hearing that the people were taking pubUc measures to perfect themselves in military discipline, the Gov emor resolved to deprive them of all means of defence, and sent out a detachment and seized aU the powder In the public maga zine at Charlestown. But fortunately for the cause, the tovvns had withdrawn their respective stock, and consequently none was left but what belonged to the Province — which was only a smaU quantity. About this time General Gage commenced for tifying Boston Neck, as the isthmus connecting Boston -with the main land was generally called. This added greatly to the excitement which already existed. It was regarded as a warlike demonstration, and showed the people a determination on the part of the Governor to enforce the odious laws at the point of the bayonet. Yet the people had no disposition to provoke a contest with the king's troops. They chose rather to take peaceable measures to prevent the execution of the laws. Nor were they wanting in devices of this kind. ' The odious laws having been passed for the express purpose of depriving them of their just rights, they felt authorized to defeat them by any lawfiil means. They GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 139 were his Majesty's loyal subjects, and were ready to do anything to promote the interest of the empire and honor of the crown ; but they must be treated as English subjects. They had too much respect for the EngUsh Constitution, and the great prin ciples of EngUsh Uberty, to see them trampled upon by a heartless ministry, or their lawless subordinates. When they obstructed the operation of the courts, or the performance of duties by certain newly appointed officers, it was only on the groimd that these officers were appointed in contravention of their Charter and the EngUsh Constitution. If they organized mUitary companies, it was only to perfect themselves in the art of war, that they might be better qualified to defend themselves against the king's enemies, and so be enabled to maintain their rights as Englishmen. These measures so annoyed General Gage, that he made them the special subjects of remark In his communications with the ministry. In a letter to the Earl of Dartmouth, August 27th, 1774, he says, " It is agreed that popular fiiry was never greater In this Province than at present ; it has taken Its rise from the old source at Boston, though it has appeared first at a distance. These demagogues trust their safety in the long forbearance of the Government, and an assurance that they cannot be punished. They chicane, elude, openly -violate, or passively resist the laws, as opportunity serves ; and opposition to authority is of so long standing that It has become habitual." And under date of September 2d, he says, " With regard to the clause In the new law relative to town meetings, so many elusions are discovered under various pretensions of adjournments, electing to vacant offices, people assembling peaceably upon their own affairs without notification ; and -withal no penalty ; that no person I have advised with, can tell what to do with it. At a distance they go on as usual. CivU government is near Its end. Nothing can be done but by forci ble means." Under date of September 20th, he writes, "The country people are exercising In arms, and getting magazines of arms and ammunition in the country, and such artUlery as they can procure, good and bad. They talk of fixing a plan of gov ernment of their own ; and it is somewhat surprising that so many of the other Provinces interest themselves so much in behalf of this." 140 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. On the 1st of September, 1774, Govemor Gage issued -writs convening the General Court at Salem on the 5th of October. In many cases the towns In choosing their representatives had instructed them to use aU peaceable means to oppose the late Acts of Parliament. The people of Lexington instructed their representative, to "use his utmost influence that nothing be transacted as a court under the new councU, or In conformity to any of the -late Acts of ParUament." In the meantime there had been several Important county conventions, which denounced the Acts of Parliament as severe, oppressive, and unconstitu tional, ' designed to strip us of our inalienable rights and dearest privUeges,' and pointed out various modes of redress. The Suffolk resolutions declared, "That no obedience Is due from this Province to either or any part of these Acts ; " that officers who accept appointments under them should be considered "as obstinate and incorrigible enemies to this Colony," and they recommend that all coUectors of taxes withhold the money from the royal treasurer, and hold It subject to the direction of the proposed Provincial Congress, which they recommend being caUed. The Essex resolutions pronounced all officers and pri vate persons who attempt to carry out the Acts which -violate the Charter of the Province, " unnatural and maUgnant enemies," declared that town meetings " ought to be caUed agreeably to the laws of the Province," and that, " if the despotism and violence of our enemies should finaUy reduce us to the sad necessity, we undaunted, are ready to appeal to the last resort of states." The Plymouth resolutions declare, " That it is a duty eveiy man and body of men owes to posterity, as weU as to God and our country, to oppose with all our power, the execution of these unjust and oppressive Acts," and they recommended to the inhabitants of the Province " never to submit to them in any instance whatever." The Worcester resolutions recommended to the towns to Instract then: representatives, chosen to meet at Salem, "absolutely to refuse to be swom," except by some officer " appointed according to the Charter of the Pro-rince." They also recommended to the several towns to appoint miUtary officers, and to provide themselves with arms and ammunition, against any emergency that may arise. Such is a specimen of the resolutions of the several counties. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. ¦ 141 They aU recommend a Provincial Congress, and some recommend that the members chosen to meet at Salem, resolve themselves into such a Congress. They also recommended military prepa ration ; and whUe they discouraged and denounced any attack upon the king's troops, they more than Intimated that they would resist by force of arms, rather than be converted Into slaves. They also declared In favor of holding to-wn meetings to delib erate upon the affairs of the Province, and recommended that no money be paid into the ti-easury of the Province organized under the late Acts of Parliament. The conventions and their doings coming to the knowledge of Governor Gage, he issued a procla mation on the 28th of September, adjourning -without day the General Court, which he had summoned to meet at Salem, October the 5th. The reasons assigned for this unusual and arbitrary course were, that many tumults and disorders had taken place since he called the meeting, and that "the extra ordinary resolves which had been passed in many counties, and the Instructions given by the town of Boston and some other to-wns, to their representatives," rendered It "highly inexpedient that a Great and General Court should be convened," at that time. But as the proclamation was Issued only a few days before the time of meeting, many of the members had already left home, and were on their way to Salem, before they heard of the high-handed measure of the Governor. In obedience to the summons and a preconcerted arrangement, nearly one hundred members met at Salem on the 5th of October ; and after waiting one day to see if the Governor or any. public officer would appear to administer the oath of office, on the 6th they resolved them selves into a Pro-vinclal Congress, and chose John Hancock, chairman, and Benjamin Lincoln, clerk. After this temporary organization, they voted to adjourn to the 11th Inst., to meet at the court house at Concord, that being the time and place designated by several of the counties for holding a Provincial Congress, before the meeting of the General Court at Salem had been ordered by the Governor. After a session of three days at Concord, the Congress adjourned to Cambridge, where their sittings were continued from the 17th of October to the 10th of December. During 142 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. this session, they adopted a system of measures to put the Province in a state of preparation and defence. Though they deprecated hostiUties -with Great Britain, and had not " the most distant design of attacking, annoying, or molesting his Majesty's troops," they were not Insensible to the fact that these troops were brought into the Province to reduce the people to a state of subjection to unjust and arbitrary laws, which would render them the mere vassals of a corrupt foreign ministry. To guard against an evU which they deemed greater than death itself, they adopted a plan of organizing, arming, and calling out the mUitia, In case of emergency. This plan provided among other things, that all able-bodied men should be enrolled, and that these companies should Immediately assemble, and elect their proper officers ; that these officers, when elected, should assemble as soon as may be, and elect field officers ; that the field officers should enUst at least one quarter of the men enroUed, and form them into companies of at least fifty men, each man to be armed and equipped, and held In readiness to march on the shortest notice. These were what were denominated mAnute men. In addition to the platoon and field officers, they provided for gen eral officers and designated their rank. To meet the expenses which might arise from the employment of the mUitia, and to procure such arms and military stores as might be necessary, they chose a committee of supplies, consisting of David Cheever of Charlestown, Mr. GUI, Col. Lee, Mr. Greenleaf and Col. Lincoln ; and to carry out this part of the plan more effectuaUy, they elected Henry Gardner, Esq., of Stow, as Treasurer and Receiver General, and directed that aU taxes that had been granted, and aU moneys In the hands of coUectors, should be paid over to this new treasurer, instead of being paid Into the royal treasury. They also created what they denominated a "Committee of Safety," consisting of John Hancock, Dr. War ren, Dr. Church, Mr. Devens, Capt. White, Mr. Palmer, Mr. Quincy, Mr. Watson and Col. Orne, and clothed them -with large discretionary powers ; and among them, the power of calling out the mUitia in such numbers and at such times and places, as they might deem expedient. The Congress subse quently selected Jedediah Preble, (who decUned the appointment,) Artemas Ward, Seth Pomeroy, John Thomas, WiUiam Heath, GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 143 as General officers to command the troops in case they were called out. After adopting this general plan, and selecting the appropriate officers to carry it Into effect, the Provincial Congress prepared and published an Address " to the freeholders and other inhabit ants of the to-wns and districts of Massachusetts Bay," in which they say, " You are placed by Providence In the post of honor, because it is the post of danger ; and while struggling for the noblest of objects, the liberties of your country, the happiness of posterity, and the rights of human nature, the eyes, not only of North America and the whole British empire, but of all Europe, are upon you. Let us therefore be altogether solicitous that no disorderly behavior, nothing unbecoming our characters as Amer icans, as citizens, and as Christians, be justly chargeable to us." They also prepared an Address to the clergy. In which they recommend "to the ministers of the Gospel in the several towns, and other places in this Colony, that they assist us In avoiding that dreadful slavery, with which we are now threatened, by advising the people of their several congregations, as they wish their prosperity, to abide by, and strictly adhere to, the resolu tions of the Continental Congress, as the most peaoeable and probable methods of preventing confusion and bloodshed." Before closing their labors, the Provincial Congress made choice of John Hancock, Thomas Cushing, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine, to represent this Province In the next Continental Congress. WhUe these things were occurring in Massachusetts, the Con tinental Congress was holding a session' in Philadelphia. This patriotic body was composed of delegates from twelve Provinces ; Massachusetts being represented at that time by Thomas Cushing, Samuel Adams, John Adams, and Robert Treat Paine. They approved the measures and endorsed the doctrines put forth by the county conventions, and the Pro-miclal Congress of Massa chusetts. They also recommended an agreement, and entered Into a covenant, not to import or consume British merchandise or manufactures. They likewise adopted a Petition to the king, an Address to the people of Great Britain, and to the inhabitants of the Colonies, and another to the people of Canada. But whUe this Congress were tmly firm and independent, and were resolved 19 144 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. to support the rights of the Colonies ; and while they approved of the manly and noble stand taken by the people of Massachu setts, they knew the strong temptation they were under to commit some overt act of war against the king's troops ; and hence they recommended to the people of Massachusetts, "to submit to a suspension of the administration of justice, where it could not be procured in a legal and peaceable manner, under the rules of their present Charter and the laws of the Colony." They also recommended to the people of Boston, " to conduct themselves peaceably towards Govemor Gage, and his Majesty's troops stationed there, as far as can possibly be consistent with their immediate safety, and the security of the town ; avoiding and discountenancing every violation of his Majesty's property, or any insult to his troops ; and that they peaceably and firmly per severe In the line they are now conducting, on the defensive." Such were the measures adopted — and such the policy recom mended by the patriots who composed the Continental Congress : — a body of men concerning whom Lord Chatham said in the British Parliament, " I must declare and avow, that for solidity of reasoning, force of sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion, under such a complication of difficult circumstances, no nation or body of men, can stand In preference to the General Congress at Phil adelphia. It must be obvious to your Lordships, that all attempts to Impose servitude upon such men, must be vain — must be ftitile." While these decided measures were being adopted by the people in the Colony, and, whUe every county, and almost every town In Massachusetts, was, in Its humble way, resounding with notes of preparation, the tories and the British officials were ridiculing the Idea of attempting to withstand his Majesty's troops. A British officer, writing from Boston, November 3, -1774, says, "The Resolutions of Congress are only thrown out as a bugbear to intimidate the merchants of Boston, and frighten the ministry into a repeal of the late Acts. The faction In Boston is now very low. Believe me, aU ranks of the people are heartily tired of disorder and confusion ; as soon as the deter mination of Great Britain to dispose of their resolves and peti tions Is known, all will be very quiet." Another British officer 'writing from Boston, November 22d, to a friend in London, says. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 145 " As to what you hear of their taking arms to resist the force of England, It is mere, bullying, and wUl go no further than words ; whenever it comes to blows, he that can run the fastest, wUl think himself best off. Believe me, any two regiments here ought to be decimated. If they did not beat in the field the whole force of Massachusetts Province; for though they are numerous, they are but a mere mob, without Order or discipline, and are very awkward at handling their arms." Writing home to Scotland from Boston, December 26th, an officer In the king's service declares, "Our army Is in high spirits, and at present this town is pretty quiet. I make no doubt things wiU wear a new face here, especiaUy when your sentiments of the ministry's firmness are authenticated." WhUe letters from Boston were representing the Americans as cowards. Colonel Grant declared In the House of Commons, February 2d, 1775, " that he had served in America, and knew the Americans weU ; was certain they would not fight. They would never dare to face an EngUsh army, and did not possess any of the qualifications necessary to make a good soldier." Though certain officers in the British army at Boston, attempted to call In question the courage of the Americans, and to ridicule the idea of their resorting to arms. General Gage -dewed the proceedings of the Provincial Congress with some degree of apprehension ; especially their recommendation for the organization of the miUtla. Consequently on the 10th of November, 1774, he issued a proclamation in which he denounced these measures as having "a most dangerous ten dency to ensnare his Majesty's subjects, the Inhabitants of this Province, and draw them into perjuries, riots, seditions, treason and rebelUon;" and he exhorts and commands. In his Majesty's name, "all his Uege subjects," not to comply "In any degree with the resolves, recommendations, directions, and regulations," of the Provincial Congress, " as they regard his Majesty's highest displeasure, and would avoid the pains and penalties of the law." The Govemor, however, felt himself strengthened and sup ported by the fact that at the meeting of Parliament, November 29th, the king, in his speech from the throne, assured them of " his firm and steadfast resolution to withstand every attempt to' 146 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. weaken or impair the supreme authority of Parliament over the colonies ; " and that the Lords and Commons had, by a large majority, sustained the crown. The Governor was also in structed by Lord Dartmouth, under dates of December 10, 1774, and January 4, 1775, to carry out his Majesty's pleasure, and to use his utmost endeavors to prevent the appointment of delegates to the Continental Congress, to be holden in May, 1775. The Governor, in response to these instructions, assures his lordship that the firm stand taken by the king and Parliament " has cast a damp upon the faction," and he begins to hope that "they wUl faU on some means to pay for the tea " they had destroyed. But while Gage was flattering himself -with the hope, that the action of Parliament would awe the colonies Into submission, the fires of patriotism were burning brighter and brighter in the bosoms of all true Americans. The several towns and districts in the Province had elected their delegates to the second Pro vincial Congress, and on the 1st day of February, 1775, they assembled at Cambridge, and organized for the dispatch of business. On the 9th, they elected Hon. John Hancock, Dr. Joseph Warren, Dr. Benj. Church, Jr., Mr. Richard Devens, Capt. Benjamin White, Col., Joseph Palmer, Mr. Abraham Watson, Col. Azor Orne, Mr. John Pigeon, Col. WiUiam Heath and Mr. Jabez Fisher, a Committee of Safety, to continue In power tUl the further order of this or some other Congress or House of Representatives of the Province. They also " em powered and directed" them, when they should think it expe dient, " to alarm, muster, and cause to be assembled with the utmost expedition, and completely armed and accoutred, and supplied with provisions sufficient for their support in their march to the place of rendezvous, such and so many of the mUitia of this Province, as they shaU judge necessary for the end and purpose of opposing " the execution of the late Acts of Parlia ment, designed to annul the Charter, and enslave the people of the Province. And they earnestly recommended tO aU officers and soldiers of the miUtIa, to obey the calls of this committee, " and to pay the strictest obedience thereto, as they regard the Uberties and lives of themselves, and the people of the Pro-dnce." At the same time, they had appointed, as before stated. GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 147 general officers to command the troops called out by the Com mittee of Safety. They also pubUshed a patriotic and spirited Address to the Inhabitants of Massachusetts, which commences and closes as follows : " Friends and Fellow Sufferers : — When a people, entitled to that freedom which your ancestors have nobly preserved as the richest inheritance of their children, are Invaded by the hand of oppression, and trampled on by the mercUess feet of tyranny, resistance Is so far from being criminal, that it becomes the Christian and social duty of each individual. Your conduct hitherto under the severest trials, has been worthy of you as men and Christians, and notwithstanding the pains that have been taken by your ene mies, to inculcate the doctrine of non-resistance and passive obedience, and by every art to delude and terrify you, the whole continent of America has this day come to rejoice In your firm ness. We trust you wUl stUl continue steadfast, and having regard to the dignity of your characters as freemen, and those generous sentiments resulting from your natural and political connections, you wUl never submit your necks to the galUng yoke of despotism prepared for you ; but with a proper sense of your dependence on God, nobly defend those rights which Heaven gave, and no man ought to take from you." Ha-ving dispatched their business, and appointed Thursday, the sixteenth day of March, as a day of fasting and prayer to the Sovereign Ruler of nations, the Provincial Congress adjourned on the 16th of February, to meet at Concord on the 22d of March. The Committee of Safety and the Committee of Supplies, held meetings almost daUy between the sessions of the Congress, and adopted the most active and efficient measures to put the Colony in a state of defence. That there might be more harmony and efficiency, they generally met together. They directed sub-committees to procure cannon and small arms, powder and baU, and mUitary stores such as provisions, tents, entrenching tools, and whatever would be required In case troops were called into the field. The journal of their proceedings shows at once their energy and their poverty — their strong devotion to the cause of Uberty, and the destitution of the Colony in almost everything necessary to carry on a war, in case 148 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. they were driven to the necessity of taking up arms in defence of their rights. They selected Worcester and Concord, as the depots of such arms and stores as they could obtain. But their journal shows greater preparation than was actuaUy made. The cannon and other stores ordered, could not in many cases be obtained. But everything in the Colony went to show that a rupture was expected, and that stout hearts and strong hands were relied upon to supply the defects of munitions of war ; and that the patriots trusted In the justice of their cause, and the overruUng providence of God to bring them off conquerors and more than conquerors, should their oppressors take the field against them. As the object of this chapter has been to state the real question at Issue, and to show the various steps by which the coUIsion was brought about, we have brought the account do-vvm to the first of March, 1775, being about the period when General Gage com menced operations in the field. We have seen that the contro versy originated in the -question of taxation ; Great Britain claiming the right to legislate for the colonies "In all cases whatsoever," and consequently to impose such taxes upon them as the king and Parliament might think fit ; and the colonies Insisting that by their charters and the great principles of Magna Charta, they, having all the rights, Immunities and prerogatives of Englishmen, could not be taxed without their consent ; that taxation without representation was oppressive, and that aU laws to raise a revenue in America, without the consent of the people, were in direct contravention of the English Constitution and the colonial charters ; and so were unconstitutional and void. The British Government, finding themselves unable to meet this issue In the field of debate, and knowing that the united voice of the people in the colonies was sustained by many of their ablest statesmen at home, resolved to change the issue by altering the American charters, so as to give Great Britain, if not civil, at least military control over the colonies. The Charter of Massa chusetts was at first taken away, and subsequently restored -y^Ith important changes, greatly increasing the power- of the crown, and consequently reducing that of the colonists. But though this modified Charter was In fact forced upon the colonists, the ministry were not disposed to abide by It, but actually took the GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 149 liberty of Infringing its provisions, whenever they were found to stand in the way of their unjust and oppressive measures. They not only trampled upon the rights of the Colony, as a body poUtic and corporate, but they invaded the private rights of individuals in points relating, not only to property, but to liberty and Ufe, by controUing the courts of justice, depriving the people of the right of trial by jury, and the privilege of meeting together peaceably to deUberate upon their own affairs. These unconsti tutional and oppressive measures — this system of tyranny, deliberately adopted and persistently adhered to, for the express purpose of reducing the colonies to a state of abject and degrading servitude, they attempted to enforce at the point of the bayonet. It was not simply a question of taxation or no taxation, but a question of freedom or slavery, that the people were called upon to decide ; — not merely a question whether they should be taxed to feed their oppressors, but whether they should submit to evUs far greater, and enormities more to be dreaded, because more personal In their character ; — whether they should have their property torn from them In mock trials by judges taken, from among their oppressors, and by juries packed by corrupt crown officers — whether their lives should be put In jeopardy by being torn from their famiUes, and transported beyond the seas to be tried for pretended offences. This was the Issue forced upon the people at that day. Our patriot fathers were not rebels in the common acceptation of that term. They did not revolt" against the mother country, or refuse to obey laws constitutionaUy made, and designing to apply to aU his Majesty's subjects. No : they simply refused to acquiesce In a system of measures applying to themselves alone, and adopted for the avowed purpose of de priving them of the rights of British subjects, and of bringing them trembling to the foot of the throne. Nor was this noble stand taken by our fathers, till all other means had faUed. Petition and entreaty had been resorted to, but repeated petitions had been answered only by repeated inju ries ; and It was not tUl all hope of redress had failed, that they took the last resolve to stand by their rights at the hazard of their lives. And even then, they resolved not to be the aggres sors. If blood must flow, its stain should not be upon their 150 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. hands ; if human life must be sacrificed, they would be the first victims. Though they believed their cause to be just, they would not forfeit the approbation of the God of battles, by any hasty or rash act of their own. Though they were preparing for the defence of their rights, at every sacrifice and every hazard, and were resolved, if need be, to submit the decision to the arbitrament of arms, they were nevertheless determined that the first overt act should not be chargeable upon them. Pursuant to this deliberate resolution, it was not till they were attacked — not untU they saw their brethren deliberately shot' down by their side, that they unsheathed the sword, and committed their cause to the Lord of Sabaoth. On their part the approaching struggle was to be a religious war in the highest and best sense of the term. Not that they entered upon it in any sectarian spirit, or prosecuted it to sustain a party. They believed that they were the children of God, whose care extended over all their interests, whether civil or religious ; that he had regard for their rights as citizens, as well as for their pri-vileges as Christians, and that they were bound to preserve both by every means in their power. The motives which led their fathers to this country, the difficulties and dangers through which they had passed, the sustaining hand of God which had been visible in their whole history, led them to believe that they had a special trust committed to them, which they must discharge with fidelity ; that they were placed as sen tinels to guard the sacred cause of cIvU and religious liberty, and must stand at their post, and transmit the blessing to those that were to come after them. It is a Ubel upon the character of our fathers, to say that they involved the country In all the horrors of war, rather than pay a petty tax upon stamped paper and tea. They had motives higher, purer, and holler, than that of avoiding the payment of an Insignificant tax. They planted themselves upon the great principles of human rights — of fealty to their country, and fidelity to then- God. They felt that they had personal rights which they were bound to defend — a duty they owed to posterity, which they were under a sacred obligation to discharge — a devotion to the Most High, which It were treason to disregard. Such were the motives and the con victions of our patriot sires. They fought not to conquer, but GOVERNOR GAGE'S ADMINISTRATION. 151 to defend ; not to humble a foe, but to buUd up a commonwealth on the great principles of equal rights. To these duties they were prompted by the dictates of patriotism, and the teachings of the Word of Life. Note. — An event worthy of notice occurred within the period covered by this chapter, which is stated here, so as not to interrupt the chain of events which were tending to an open rupture with the mother country. On the 22d of May, 1773, Rev. Mr. Clarke's house was entered by a burglar, who carried off a silver tankard and other articles of plate. Levi Ames was subsequently arrested, and the articles found in his possession. He was arraigned and found guilty. He confessed his guilt, and as burglary in the night time was at that day a capital offence, he was executed, October 20th, 1773. Mr. Clarke visited him in prison, and prayed with him, after his conviction. The stolen articles were restored to Mr. Clarke. * 20 CHAPTER VI. THE BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. The Policy of General Gage — His Expedition to Concord — Attack upon the Americans at Lexington — The Gathering of the Militia — The Skirmish at .Concord — Destruction of Military Stores there — The Retreat of the British Troops — Reinforcement under Lord Percy. &• We now come to the most eventful period in the history of Lexington, and Indeed of our country. We have seen In the preceding chapters the causes which led to the Revolution, and the steps by which the great conflict of opinions was developed. We have witnessed the acts of oppression on the one side, and the firm and manly opposition on the other. We have felt the ground-sweU of pubUc sentiment, and heard the busy notes of preparation. We have seen that the to-wn of Lexington had contributed Its fiiU share to the patriotic tide, and was measurably prepared for the Issue. In this chapter we are to contemplate the opening scene of our Revolutionary struggle, so fraught -with the great subject of human rights. In days gone by, when brute force was the measure of human greatness, and when most questions were decided by the arbitrament of arms, the historian had Uttle else to do than to record in letters of blood, the march of hostile armies, the encounter upon the ensanguined field, the shouts of the victors and the groans of the dying. Historians have been too much incUned to dwell upon the outward and -visible, and to content themselves with recording the results, without stopping to inquire Into the causes which produced them. But the intel- Ugent public, at this day, are hardly satisfied with such narra tives. They wish to know the antecedents as weU as the consequents. By presenting events in this consecutive manner — by holding up to the public view the remote and the proxi mate causes, as weU as the events themselves and their immediate BATTLE OP LEXINGTON. 153 and remote effects, the true philosophy of history is inculcated, and the relative character and Importance of events are made to appear. By reading histories of this character, we may profit by the records of the past, and learn wisdom from those who have gone before us. In this way we may learn that mighty contests often arise from causes apparently trivial, and that events of no seeming magnitude In themselves, may contain the germ of some great con-rulsion whose effects may extend to distant nations, and be felt through succeeding generations. In this way we may discern the nature 9f events and the true character of the principal actors therein. An act seemingly indifferent or apparently brutal, may by its causes and the motives which actuated those by whose agency it is brought about, become a praiseworthy deed ; and acts which might of themselves elicit shouts of applause, may appear in a very different light, when viewed In connection with the causes which produced them, and the principles which moved the actors therein. It Is due to our patriot fathers that their acts and doings should be viewed in the concrete, and that all the circumstances by which they were surrounded, should be carefully weighed by those who enjoy the fruit of their trials and sufferings. If the Importance of a battle depended upon -the number of the troops engaged, or, upon the miUtary science displayed in the operation, the Battle of Lexington would dwindle into compara tive Insignificance. The events of the 19th of April, 1775, are not characterized by any remarkable exhibition of military skill, or by those combined desperate deeds of daring, which excite admiration and render a mUitary expedition remarkable. There were no dangerous defiles to be passed at every hazard, in the face of disciplined troops — no strong batteries to be stormed — no commanding positions on which depended the fortunes of the day, to be carried at the point of the bayonet. Nor were there any of those desperate encounters between veterans, well armed and equipped, and led on by brave and experienced commanders, of which we have so many accounts In history. There was true bravery — but it was the firm principle of patriotic valor, unaided by miUtary skiU — the uprising of a people poorly armed, in defence of their dearest rights. 154 , HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. The Battle of Lexington, In its commencement, was little more than a cowardly and brutal attack of some eight hundred veteran -troops upon fifty or sixty peaceable citizens. The whole movement of General Gage was simply a secret expedition of a well appointed corps to destroy a few unguarded military stores — a march through a country of unoffending citizens, where there were no troops to oppose his progress. It was not an expedition Into an enemy's country In time of war ; but a sort of excursion party in times of peace, sent out by the acknowledged Govemor of the Province, some twenty mUes into the country. And yet the fate of two mighty empires hung upon the conduct of this party. Their excursion was among men who knew their rights, and knowing dared maintain them. If their march was peaceable, and the rights of the people were respected, they had nothing to fear from the Inhabitants. But If they should invade the rights of the citizens by destroying their property or ruthlessly entering their dwellings ; and especiaUy if their march should be marked by violence and massacre, it would in aU probability cause a wound never to be healed. And yet this party, with a haughty disregard of the rights of the inhabitants, wantonly commenced a system of pUlage and massacre, as though It were a mere holiday pastime ; and thus brought on a coUision, the effects of which were not only felt In both hemispheres at that day, but may yet extend to unborn ages. The pages of the world's history present us with many san guinary battles, and even decided and brUlIant victories which were attended with no particular results. The battle of the Pyramids in Egypt, and of Buena Vista in Mexico, are of this description. Nor is it obvious to the most careful observer at the present day, what principles, moral or political, were Involved In those bloody and terrible conflicts, or were settled by their results. The desperate struggle in the Crimea, which ended in the partial fall of Sebastopol, where the mighty energies of the three great powers of the world were put forth, and where blood and treasure were poured out like water, decided nothing, except that the advance In miUtary science gives neither party any advantage, where both avaU themselves of the latest improve ments. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 155 But with the affair of the 19th of April, the case was widely different. It involved the enfeebling of one empire, and the creation of another. It was a conflict of opinions rather than of arms. It was a war of conflicting principles which had divided the public mind for centuries, — it was a stern debate upon the ensanguined field of the great question of human rights against arbitrary and despotic power — of the prl'vUeges of the many against the prerogatl-res of the few. But though the col lision on that memorable day wbs the opening scene of the Revo lutionary drama, it was by no means the moving cafuse of that eventful struggle. We must look to causes more remote than the marching of the British troops from Boston, and to questions more momentous than the possession of a few rusty cannon at Concord, if we would comprehend the issue decided by the Amer ican Revolution. Nor are the effects of that day's adventure to • be confined to the precipitate and Ignominious flight of the British army, and their arrival under the cover of their ships at Charlestown. No ; the events of that day, by inspiring confi dence and securing union on the one side, and by creating dis trust on the other, insured to America the blessing of indepen dence, and gave an impulse to the cause of' liberty which has cheered many a heart on both continents, and may yet contribute to the emancipation of the world. The spring of 1775 opened with every indication that the crisis was rapidly approaching, and that General Gage had resolved to make some decisive demonstration In the field. Par liament had signified Its determination to sustain the ministry in bringing the colonies to a state of subjection. The Earl of Dartmouth had suggested to General Gage the propriety of dis arming the colonists ; ' and though General Gage had In Novem ber, 1774, intimated that true wisdom would require the employ ment of twenty thousand troops,^ yet In January, 1775, he had written to his Lordship that matters looked more favorable, and that it was the general opinion, that "If a respectable force Is seen In the field, and the most obnoxious of the leaders are seized, and a pardon proclaimed for all others, government will come off victorious, with less opposition than was expected a ' Force's Archives, 4th Series, Vol. i. p. lOii. * Sparks's Washington, Vol. iii p. 50;i. 156 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. few months ago." ' General Gage was also aware that there was a growing dissatisfaction in the ministry with the course he was pursuing. His policy was deemed inefficient, and his inac tivity was complained of.^ He knew, moreover, that additional troops were to be sent to Boston, and that Generals Howe, Clinton and Burgoyne were to join, and probably in the end supersede him. Such facts and considerations would naturaUy prompt hitn to action. He was probably further encouraged by certain demonstrations, in favor of the royal cause, made at Marshfield and several other places. Knowing that some cannon and other mUitary stores had been collected at Salem, he sent, on the 25th of February, a detach ment of his troops to seize or destroy them. But the people, anticipating his design, raised the drawbridge leading to the part of the town where they were deposited, and so prevented their falUng into his hands.' Meditating the destruction of the mUitary stores which the Committees of Safety and Supplies had been collecting at Worcester and Concord, General Gage sent officers in disguise to sketch the topography of the country, and ascer tain the feelings and preparation of the people. Under date of February 22, Captain Brown of the Fifty-second Regiment and Ensign D'Bernicre of the Tenth, were directed to make this reconnoissance, with instructions not only to note the roads, dis tances, heights, passes, rivers, and the like, but to " notice the situation of the towns and vUlages, their churches and church^ yards, whether they are advantageous spots to take post in, and capable of being rendered defensible."'^ These officers in dis guise visited Worcester by way of Sudbury, Framingham and Marlborough, and subsequently, viz., on the 20th of March, -dsited Concord by way of Sudbury, and returned through Lex ington ; and on their return, reported the result of their explora tion to General Gage.^ In the meantime there were many indications that the British officers, stationed at Boston, were becoming weary of those "piping times of peace," and were desirous of bringing on a colUsIon with the people. On the anniversary of the Boston ' Archives, Vol. ii. p. 336. ' Chatham's Speech in Parliament, Jan. 20, 1776. » Essex Gazette. * Archives, Vol. i. p. 1263. « D'Bernicre's Narrative. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 157 Massacre, Dr. Warren delivered the Oration at the Old South Church, and Samuel Adams presided. A large number of Brit ish officers were present, and attempted to break up the meeting by cries of fire, hissing, and other disorderly conduct.' On- the 8th, Thomas Ditson, Jr., a citizen of BUlerica, being in Boston, was seized by a party of the king's troops, on the vain pretence of having urged one of their soldiers to desert ; and without any trial or examination, was taken to their guard-house, and kept a prisoner tlU the next day, when he was stripped, tarred and feathered, and placed upon a truck, and drawn through some of the principal streets, attended by forty or fifty soldiers of the Forty-seventh Regiment with arms and fixed bayonets, led on by Colonel Nesbit of that regiment, the music at the same time playing Yankee 'Doodle by way of derision.^ On the 16th of March, which was observed as a day of fasting and prayer in obedience to the recommendation of the Pro-dncial Congress, several congregations In Boston were annoyed by a party of the Fourth Regiment. They pitched their tents near one of the churches, and during the service greatly disturbed the worship pers, by their drums, fifes and other noises. Colonel Madison was present -with them a part of the time. On the 17th, in the evening. Colonel Hancock's house, near the Common, was attacked by a party of British officers, who cut and hacked the fence in front of the house, and otherwise behaved very abusive ly, breaking windows, and insulting almost every person they met. On the 18th, the guard at the Neck seized 13,425 musket cartridges -with baUs, and about three hundred pounds of musket baUs, the property of private persons, wliich the General refused to give up to the owners. They also abused the teamster, prick ing him with their bayonets,' and assaulted the Providence stage, breaking the windows, and Insulting the passengers. On the 19th, a party of officers and soldiers again insulted Colonel Han cock, entering upon his premises, and refusing to retire, boasting that his house, stable, and other property would soon be theirs, when they should use it as they pleased.^ Though these aggres sions were of a private character, and related to the rights of ' Archives, Vol. ii. p. 120. ' Ditson's Deposition, and Remonstrance of the Selectmen of Billerica. ' Archives, Vol. ii. p. 211. 158 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. individuals, they served to Irritate the people, and showed at the same time a haughtiness on the part of the British officers, which would naturally lead to a collision with the Inhabitants. WhUe General Gage was employed in making preparation for excursions into the country to destroy the military stores, which the provincials had collected together, the patriotic Inhabitants were not inactive. The second Provincial Congress, which held Its first session at Cambridge, had adjourned on the 16th of February, to meet at Concord on the 22d of March. On coming together at that time, and being fully impressed with the critical state of public affairs, they adopted the most efficient means in their power to meet the crisis, which they knew could not be far distant. They adopted a code of Rules and Articles for the regulation of the army of the Province, elected commit tees from the several counties, to see that the recommendations of Congress were fully carried out, and renewed their recom mendation for exercising and drUlIng the mUItla. Ha-ving re ceived certain intelligence that large reinforcements were on their way to Boston, they sent delegates to New Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode Island, to apprise them of the common danger, and if possible enUst them in the common cause. They assured their sister colonies, "that we are determined to take effectual measures for our security and defence by raising an army ; " and requested them " to cooperate with us by fiirnishlng their respective quotas for the general defence." They also voted to raise six companies of artUlery, to be organized, dlscl- pUned, and be In " constant readiness to enter the service of the Colony," whenever it should become necessary. And as they appealed to Heaven for the justice of their cause, and trusted in the God of battles to carry them successfully through the con test, which they feared was approaching, they appointed a day of fasting and prayer ; and on the 15th of April, adjourned to meet on the 10th of May, unless sooner caUed together on an emergency by a committee which they had designated for that purpose.^ In the meantime the Committees of Safety and of Supplies, which generally met together, were In session almost daUy, using the most efficient means In their power to put the Province in a ' Journals of the Provincial Congress. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 159 proper state of defence. On the 14th of March, being in session at the house of Captain Stedman, In Cambridge, and anticipating some movement on the part of General Gage, they voted " That watches be kept constantly at places where the Provincial maga zines are kept." They also requested the Committees of Charles town, Cambridge, and Roxbury, " to procure at least two men for a watch every night, to be placed in each of these towns, and that the said members be in readiness to send couriers forward to the towns where the magazines are placed, when sallies are made from the army by night." Pursuant to this request, on the day foUowing, the committees directed Colonel Barrett of Concord,' " to engage a sufficient number of faithful men to guard the colony magazines In that town, and to keep a suitable number of teams In constant readiness by day and by night, on the shortest notice to remove the stores ; and also to provide couriers to alarm the neighboring towns, on receiving any information of any movement of the king's troops." The committees were In session at Concord on the 17th of April, and adjourned to meet at Menotomy, now Arlington, at Witherby's tavern the next day.*^ Preparatory to any attempt to make a descent upon Wor cester or Concord, for the purpose of destroying the military stores, General Gage sent out detachments of his troops into the neighboring towns, probably with the design of exercising his men, and of habituating the Inhabitants to these excursions, so that no apprehension might be felt in case the troops should be seen leaving Boston. On the 30th of March, the first brigade under Lord Percy, marched out to Jamaica Plains, in Roxbury. They were narrowly watched by the people, who collected- In large numbers ; but as they were without artillery or baggage, it was inferred that their excursion was but a short one ; and as they did not interfere with the inhabitants, they were permitted to pass without molestation. They did, however, commit depre dations upon private property by throwing down a considerable quantity of stone wall.*' Whether this was done as wanton mischief, or whether they thought that these walls would afford ' Journal of the Committees of Safety and Supplies, ' Archives, and Warren's Letter to Arthur Lee, 21 160 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. a rampart for the militia in case they should attempt an expe dition in that direction. It Is impossible to say. The day of debate had now passed, and the day of action, open, efficient action, had come. Active efforts were now making in all parts of the Province. Not only were the Com mittees of Safety and of Supplies adopting efficient measures, but almost every town was resounding with "awful notes of preparation." The towns were furnishing arms and munitions of war to the utmost extent of their ability. The minute-men and the alarm-lists, as they were called, composed of the aged and of the young, were out almost daily for exercise and drill. A deep feeling pervaded the whole oommunity. The people felt the awful responsibility which rested upon them. They knew that to resist the king's troops would be treason, which they might be called upon to expiate upon the gallows ; but to submit to the arbitrary and unjust requisitions of Great Britain, would be courting a chain, and entailing slavery upon themselves and their chUdren. But fearful as was the crisis, they did not falter. The resolve had been taken with due consideration, and by It they were determined to stand. The weight of responsibility which rested upon them, only gave them firmness, and more strongly bound them to one another and to the common cause. The aged inspired the young, and the young animated the aged ; the wife urged the husband to the discharge of his duty, and the husband promised protection to the wife ; mothers gave up their sons, and sisters their brothers to the great cause of freedom. All classes seemed to vie with each other in their efforts for the common cause. The feeling which pervaded the community was one of the purest patriotism, sanctified and hallowed on the altar of reUgion. Their sense of justice and of right, their regard for the welfare of their chUdren, their love for their country, and their devotion to their God, prompted them to action, and inspired them with confidence in their ultimate success. No class in the community contributed more to produce this state of feeling, and to animate and sustain the people as the danger approached, than the pious and patriotic clergy of New England. Their appeals were ardent and touching. They recurred to the causes which had brought us to this country, and BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 161 recounted the instances in which our fathers had been brought out of a wilderness of dangers, and through scenes of blood ; and pointed to that Canaan of rest which awaited us, if we would put our trust in the Lord, and rely upon his outstretched arm. They taught their people that the Gospel was a self-sacri ficing system, that patriotism was a Christian duty, and that he who refused to suffer for his country in such a holy cause, was false to Him who died that we might live. And among those who animated and encouraged the people, and thus kindled the fires of patriotism upon the altars of religion, none was more active or successftd than the distinguished and pious priest, who ministered to the people of Lexington. His Intimacy with Adams and Hancock made him minutely acquainted with the affau's of the Colony, his clear and far-reaching perception enabled him to judge with great accuracy, and his noble and manly independence gave him a controUing influence over the minds of men, " Mr. Clarke was a man of high rank in his profession — a man of practical piety, a learned theologian, a person of general reading, a writer perspicuous, correct, and pointed, beyond the standard of the day, and a most intelligent, resolute and ardent champion of the popular cause. He was connected by marriage with the famUy of John Hancock. To this circumstance no doubt may properly be ascribed some portion of his interest in the political movements of the day; while on the mind of Hancock an intimacy with Mr. Clarke was calculated to have a strong and salutary influence."^ Mr. Clarke took a broad and enlightened view of the duties and obligations of the citizen. With him patriotism was a virtue of religious growth. In his estimation, love to God involved a love of country, and devotion to religion implied devotion to the state. Describing the true patriot, he says, " Inspired with the principles of piety, governed by the laws of God, encouraged and supported with motives of religion, such men in the court or m the field, in peace and In war, in private and in pubUc stations, look with a generous contempt, a sacred abhorrence upon every advantage they might make to themselves at the expense of their virtue. No self-interest, no venal motive can countervaU with them the pubUc good, the safety and happi- ' Everctf 3 Address at Lexington in 1835. 162 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. ness of society — of mankind. The fro-wns of the great, and the flatteries of the -mlgar are equaUy despised ; the greatest trials are cheerfully endured, the most self-denying services are with pleasure engaged in, In the cause of God. In honor to God they wait upon the king. In devotion to him they serve their country, and for the glory of his name stand ready cheer fully to submit to every hardship, firmly to face every danger, and for the support of his cause, and the defence of the liberties and lives of his people, freely to make their own a sacrifice, and shed their dearest blood."' Such were the sentiments of Mr. Clarke, uttered seven years before'hostUities commenced ; and they had become more deeply seated, and had taken a more active form as the crisis approached. Such sentiments and feeUngs had extended in a good degree throughout all the colonies, — though In Massachusetts they had well nigh ripened Into action. The town of Lexington, as we have already seen, had from the first taken a deep and Uvely interest in the controversy between the parent country and the colonies, and had made every effort to prepare her sons for any emergency which might arise. In 1774, she had "voted to increase the town's stock of ammunition," "to encourage mUitary discipline, and to put themselves In a posture of defence against. their enemies ; " she had voted to supply the " training soldiers " with bayonets, and had distributed at the expense of the town, arms and ammunition to the " training band " and " alarm list " of her citizens. Such was^ the Uberallty of the to-wn to her patriotic sons, who in the day of trial stood firmly by the cause of freedom, and nobly "showed that they were worth their breeding."^ ' Artillery Election Sermon, 1768. ' As a specimen of the spirit which prevailed at that day, we subjoin the following : "At a meeting of the people of the Alarm List of the third Company in Danvers, held in said Danvers, the 6th of March, 1775, for the purpose of electing officers for said Alarm List Company, Rev. Benj. Balch, Chairman ; said people unanimously made choice of Dea. Edmund Putnam for Captain ; Rev. Benj. Balch for Lieutenant, and Mr. Tarrant Putnam for Ensign. The said gentlemen being present, declared their acceptance." — American Archives, Vol. ii. p. 37. This fact is well worthy of a town, which, though distant, nobly joined the affair of the 19th of April, 1775. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 163 The second Provincial Congress, of which John Hancock was President, and Samuel Adams one of Its most distinguished members, having closed its session at Concord on the 15th of AprU, these champions of freedom, instead of returning to Boston, had taken up their abode with Rev. Jonas Clarke at Lexington. This they were induced to do In consequence of the impression which had become quite prevalent, that General Gage had meditated their seizure. It was well known that Hutchin son, the predecessor of General Gage, had used his Influence to have Adams arrested and sent to England to be tried for treason ; and the subsequent course of Adams had been still more offen sive to the royal Governor. General Gage had, by his procla mation of November, 1774, pronounced the Provincial Congress over which Hancock had presided, " an unlawful assembly, tending utterly to subvert " government, and to lead directly " to sedition, treason, and rebeUIon," and had held up "the pains and penalties of the law," to prevent their reassembling, or their measures from being carried into effect. There was reason, therefore, to apprehend that these distinguished patriots, after attending another session of this unlawful assembly, and adopting measures stiU more odious to his Majesty's Government, would not be safe In Boston ; abounding as It did, at that time, with a large number of inveterate tories from all parts of the Province, who were constantly urging the Governor on to deeds of violence and desperation. This Impression was strengthened by various other causes. Gordon, the historian. Informs us, that an inter cepted letter from Mr. Maudult to Commissioner HoUowell, brought over by a vessel from England, which arrived here on the 2d of April, contained distinct intimations, that some of the leading patriots were to be seized and sent to England as traitors. A letter from London, under date of February 24th, 1775, contained this passage : " those Lords who advised the king to declare you rebels, and to apprehend Messrs. Hancock and Adams, have gone so far as to say, that Chatham shall fall a sacrifice to their designs.'" Another letter from London says, " Orders are certainly sent to seize particular persons." ^ Another letter subsequently received, declares that " the administration on Friday received advices from General Gage to the 18th of • Archives, Vol. ii. p. 345. » Ibid, Vol. u. p. 319. 164 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. March, wherein he acknowledges the receipt of the king's orders to apprehend Messrs. Cushing, Adams, Hancock, &c., and send them over to England to be tried ; but the second orders which were to hang them In Boston, the General had not received."' General Gage, as we have already seen. In his letter to Dart mouth, of the 18th of January, had suggested the propriety of seizing "the most obnoxious leaders," and offering pardon to all others; and his Proclamation of the 12th of June, 1775, offering " his Majesty's most gracious pardon to all persons who shall forthwith lay down their arms, a;nd return to the duties of peaceable subjects, excepting only from the benefits of such pardon, Samuel Adams and John Hancock, whose offences are of too flagitious a nature to admit of any other consideration than that of condign punishment ; " shows that such a measure was premeditated. Lord Dartmouth, in his letter to General Gage, under date of AprU 15th, expressly declares that the seizure of the most obnoxious leaders "Is already provided for.'"* These facts prove most conclusively, that one object of the stealthy movement of the British officers on the evening of the 18th of April, was to seize these Illustrious patriots, that they might suffer the full penalty of treason. This fact was admitted at the time, and has since been acknowledged by foreign,^ as well as by American writers.* Everything indicated that the crisis was at hand, and a fearful one It was for Massachusetts. General Gage had received a small accession to his forces, which now amounted to about four ' Archives, Vol. ii. p. 386. = Vol. ii. p. 336. ' Botta, Murray, and others. * Shattuck, jn his history of Concord, declares that one object of this expe dition was " to apprehend Hancock, Adams, Barrett, and other distinguished patriots." — p. 101. We have no disposition to detract from the merits of Colonel Barrett. He was undoubtedly a brave and efficient officer, and a true patriot ; but we are not aware that he stood so prominent as to be known across the Atlantic, and to be ranked with Adams and Hancock. After a pretty thorough examination of authorities,, we have found nothing that could, even by implication, include him in the list of the proscribed patriots. He certainly was not exempted from pardon in Gage's proclamation. The designs of the British, and the belief of the day, are clearly embodied in a tory ballad of that period — more remarkable for truth than for poetry, we imagine. " As for their king, that John Hancock, And Adams, if they're taken, Their heads for signs shall hang up high, Upon the hill, called Beacon.'' BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 165 thousand men, well armed and equipped, and, under the most perfect discipUne, could be brought into the field at any moment. Large reinforcements were on their way from Europe, and Boston was the place of their destination. On the side of the Province there was no organized army ; not a single company In the field to oppose the march of the king's troops. The whole Province was In a state of comparative disorder. General Gage, by dis solving the Legislature, had left Massachusetts without any lawful government. The Provincial Congress, a body almost self-constituted, assumed to act as a sort of Legislature, and the Committees of Safety and of Supplies were exercising a kind of Executive pow^er. And though these bodies, under all the cir cumstances of the case, acted with great wisdom and efficiency, so far as they were concerned, they had no power to enforce their measures, and no adequate means in their hands to procure the necessary troops or munitions of war. Though the Provin cial Congress had, as early as October, 1774, recommended the purchase of arms and ammunition to the amount of £20,800, their Treasurer, on the 25th of April, 1775, reported that only about £5,000 had come into his hands.* The poverty of the people and the dearth of mUitary stores within the Province, are manifest from the journals of those bodies. Most of the arms in the hands of the people, were their old hunting guns, without bayonets ; and hence votes were passed by Congress earnestly recommending the purchase and manufacture of that essential appendage of the musket. The manufacture of salt petre was also urged upon the people, that they might be able to supply the great demand for powder. The towns were earnestly caUed upon to furnish as far as possible, a certain quantity of bayonets, powder and " firelocks." The records show the great difficulties under which the Com mittee of SuppUes labored. Many of their votes indicated the strait to which they were driven. ^ They were directed to ' Journals of the Provincial Congress, and of the Committees of Safety and Supplies. ' " Voted unanimously by both Committees, that the Committee of Supplies do procure ten tons of brimstone, provided it can be had on this condition : that the Committee of Supplies agree to pay therefor, when the present owner shall have opportunity to sell the same, or that it shall be returned in six months, if not used ; and if used, it Shall be paid for." — Journal of the Com mittee of Supplies and Safety. February 21, 1775. 166 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. " endeavor to procure " such and such articles. The supply of mUitary stores and of provisions, indicated their destitution both in the implements and the sinews of war. The Committee of Supplies were directed to "endeavor to procure" 200 spades, 150 Iron shovels, 150 pickaxes, 1000 six-quart iron pots, 200 bill-hooks, 1000 wooden mess-bowls, 1 tenon-saw, 200 axes, 50 wheelbarrows, and a suitable supply of wooden spoons ; also 355 barrels of pork, 700 barrels of flour, 300 bushels of beans, and 20 tierces of rice. Limited as were these amounts, and active as were the endeavors of the Committee, these amounts could not be fully obtained. They also obtained as many field- pieces as they could, but so limited was the supply, that certain officers were directed, if possible, to borrow of those who pos sessed them, that the men might be instructed in their use. With such comparative destitution, and -with a population of ' only about three hundred thousand, -without any organized gov ernment, and almost without money or credit, Massachusetts dared with a small number of undisciplined and half-armed militia, to withstand the mighty energy of Great Britain, lately victorious on both continents over the most powerful nations of the earth. But great as was the disparity, the patriots stood firm. Animated by the justice of their cause, and sustained by a lively faith in an over-ruling Pro-ddence, they were determined to do their duty, and trust the issue to Him " who bringeth the princes to nothing, and taketh up the isles as a very little thing." General Gage having obtained all needed Information relative to the topography of the country, planned a secret expedition to Concord, for the purpose of destroying the military stores there deposited. On the 15th of April, on the pretence of teaching the grenadiers and light infantry some new discipline or evolu tions, he detached about eight hundred of them from the main body, and marched them to another part of the town. At night the boats of the transport ships, which had been hauled up for repairs, were launched and moored under the stems of the men- of-war, lying in the river. But the object of this movement was suspected by the watchful patriots ; and Dr. Warren, ever upon the alert. Immediately caused information to be commu nicated to his friends in the neighboring towns ; and a messenger BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 167 was dispatched to Hancock and Adams at Lexington. This timely notice enabled the Committee of Safety, of which Hancock was chairman, to adopt the precautionary measure on the 17th and 18th, of having a portion of the cannon- and stores at Con cord, removed to Sudbury, Stow, and Groton ; and another portion secreted in different places within the town. On Tuesday, the 18th of April, Gen. Gage detailed a number of his officers, and sent them out of to-wn with Instructions to post themselves on the several roads leading from Boston, to prevent, if possible, aU InteUigence of his intended expedition that night from reaching the country. To prevent suspicion a part of them left Boston in the morning, and dined that day In Cambridge. Late in the afternoon, they proceeded leisurely on horseback towards Lexington and Concord. The Committees of Safety and Supplies had been in session that day at Wetherby's tavern at Menotomy, now Arlington ; and as they had not completed their business, had adjourned over to nine o'clock the next morning. Mr. Gerry, afterwards Vice President of the United States, and Colonels Orne and Lee, remained there to spend the night. Mr. Richard Devens and Mr. Abraham Watson started in a chaise for Charlestown ; but meeting a number of British officers on horseback, they returned to Inform their friends at Wetherby's and remained there till the officers had passed, when they retumed to Charlestown. Mr. Gerry lost no time in gending an express to Hancock and Adams, that " eight or nine officers were out, suspected of some evU design." The mes senger took a by-path and arrived safely at Lexington.' But a verbal message had already communicated to the people of Lex ington the fact that these officers were on the road. " Solomon Brown of Lexington, who had been to market at Boston on the 18th, returned late In the afternoon, and informed Col. Munroe, then the orderly sergeant of the militia company, that he had seen nine British officers, dressed in blue greatcoats, passing leisurely up the road, sometimes before and sometimes behind him, armed, as he discovered by the occasional blowing aside of their greatcoats. Munroe suspecting their Intention was to seize Hancock and Adams, immediately collected a guard of eight men, well armed and equipped, and placed them, ' Frothingham's Siege of Boston, p. 57, and authorities there cited. 22 168 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. himself at their head, at the house of Mr. Clarke, which was about a quarter of a mUe from the main road leading to Concord. Small parties of British officers in the spring of that year, had frequently been seen making excursions Into the country, early in the day, and returning before evening. But the unusually late hour of their passing up at this time, excited the attention of our citizens, and drew together at an early hour in the evening, about thirty of the militia, well armed, and ready for any emergency to which the critical and alarming state of things might suddenly call them. It had been currently reported that the British had threatened that Hancock and Adams should not stay at Lexington ; and it was generally believed to be the object of these officers who had passed up, to return secretly at a late hour In the night and seize them, and carry them to Boston* After some consultation. It was concluded by those present to send three of their number, Sanderson, Brown, and Loring, towards Concord to watch the British officers, and endea,vor to ascertain and give information of their movements. In the borders of Lincoln the whole three men were taken prisoners by the British officers, who were paraded across the road."' Soon after Mr. Devens had arrived at Charlesto-wn, he received intelligence that the British troops in Boston were In motion, and were preparing to leave the town on some secret expedition. A signal had previously been agreed upon. If the British attempted an expedition by the Neck, two lanterns were to bq hung out from the steeple of the Old North Church, and if by water, one. Devens, an ardent patriot, and an active member of the Committee of Safety, kept his eye upon the Church ; the lantern soon conveyed the tidings that the troops were leaving Boston, by crossing the river. Believing that Concord was the place of their destination, and fearing for the safety of his friends at Menotomy and Lexington, he Immediately prepared to dis patch messengers with the intelligence. General Gage in the meantime supposed that his movement was unobserved, and that his expedition was known only to him self and the few officers to whom he had committed the secret. Stedman, the English historian, who accompanied Percy in this expedition, informs us that Gage sent for Percy that evening ' Phinney's History of the Battle at Lexington. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 169 about nine o'clock, and communicated to him the contemplated expedition, and congratulated himself upon his success in keeping it from the patriots. But as Percy was crossing the Common a short time after, he saw a group of citizens assembled ; and mingUng with them, he found the subject of this expedition to Concord was freely spoken of and well understood ; whereupon he hastened back to Gage's quarters, and gave him the inform ation.* Mortified at the InteUigence, and to prevent Its further spread, he immediately Issued orders that no one should be per mitted to leave Boston. But It was too late. The Intelligence had gone forth from the Old North Church with the rapidity of light ; and Dr. Warren had a few minutes before dispatched Paul Revere and WiUiam Dawes into the country to give the information, and alarm the people. A little before eleven o'clock. Revere crossed the river In his own boat, close to the Somerset man-of-war, unobserved, and landed at Charlestown, where he had an interview with Mr. Devens, who informed him that ten British officers, well armed and mounted, were upon the road. A fleet horse was obtained of Deacon Larkin, and Revere started on his perUous mission about eleven o'clock. Soon after passing Charlestown neck, he fell In with two British officers who attempted to arrest him ; but turning his horse back towards Charlestown, he gained the Medford road, and owing to the fleetness of his horse, he escaped from his pursuers, one of whom In attempting to cut him off, rode into a clay-pit. Relieved from such troublesome company. Revere passed through Medford to Menotomy, alarming the people by the way, and arrived safely at Lexington, where he found Rev. Mr. Clarke's house guarded by sergeant Munroe and eight men. This was a little past midnight; and on requesting to be admitted to Mr. Clarke's house, he was told by the sergeant that the family had just retired, and had requested that they might not be disturbed by any noise about the house. "Noise," exclaimed Revere, " You'll have noise enough before long. The regulars are coming out." He was then per mitted to pass. On knocking at the door, Mr. Clarke opened a window, and inquired who was there. Rfevere without answering ' Stedman's Histoty, Vol. i. p. 119. 170 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the question, said he wished to see Mr. Hancock. Mr. Clarke, ever deUberate and watchful, was intimating that he did not Uke to admit strangers to his house at that time of night, without knowing who they were, and the character of their business; when Hancock, who had retired to rest, but not to sleep, recog nizing Revere's voice, cried out, " Come In, Revere, we are not afraid of you." Shortly after, Dawes, who came out through Roxbury, arrived. They both brought the InteUigence that " a large body of troops, supposed to be a brigade of twelve or fifteen hundred men, were embarked in boats at Boston, and gone over to Lechmere's Point in Cambridge ; and it was sus pected that they Were ordered to seize and destroy the stores belonging to the Colony at Concord." ' After refreshing themselves at Lexington, Revere and Dawes, not knowing the fate of the three men who had been sent up the road from Lexington, set off for Concord to alarm the people. Soon after, they were overtaken by Dr. Prescott, a young gentleman of Concord, who had been spending the evening at Lexington. Being an ardent whig, Prescott entered heartily Into their dfesign, and they proceeded towards Concord, alarming the people on the road. Before reaching Brooks's tavern at the Concord Une, they were suddenly met by a party of British officers, armed and mounted, who immediately sur rounded and captured Revere, who was in advance of his companions. Prescott, being a little in the rear, eluded them, and leaping a stone wall, made his escape, and arrived safely in Concord, where he gave the alarm. The same officers had already taken Sanderson, Brown and Loring of Lexington, and had them then In custody. These prisoners were all subjected to a rigid examination. Presenting their pistols, the officers threatened to blow out the brains of their captives, if they did not give true answers to their questions. They interrogated the Lexington men relative to Hancock and Adams, and inquired where they could be found. They also questioned Revere, who at first gave them rather evasive answers ; but finding himself in their keeping, and seeing no way of escape, he said to them firmly, " Gentlemen, you have missed your aim." One of the ' Revere's Narrative, Wm. Munroe's Deposition, Clarke's Narrative, and Phinney's History. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 171 officers said, "What aim?" Revere replied, "I came out from Boston an hour after your troops left, and if I had not known that messengers had been sent out to give information to the country, and have had time enough to carry It fifty mUes, I would have ventured one shot fi'om you, before I would have suffered you to stop me." Startled at this, they pushed their inquiries further, when, ori hearing the sound of a distant bell, one of the Lexington prisoners said to them, " The bell 's ringing — the town's alarmed — and you are all dead men." These declarations frightened the British officers, who, after a brief consultation aside, started on their return towards Lexington. They kept possession of their prisoners till they came within about one hundred rods of the meeting-house, when taking Revere's horse from him, and cutting the girths of. the saddles, and the bridles of the other prisoners, the officers left them, and rode off at ftiU speed towards Boston. This was about three o'clock on the morning of the 19th. ^ WhUe these things were occurring on the road towards Con cord, the alarm spread rapidly throughout Lexington, and the minute-men were summoned to assemble at their usual place of parade on the Common. At two o'clock on the morning of the; 19th, Captain John Parker caused the roU of his company to be caUed, and ordered every man to load his gun with powder and baU. After remaining some time upon parade, one of the messengers who had been sent towards Boston, returned and reported that he could hear nothing of the regulars, as the ' Sanderson's Deposition, and Revere's Narrative. " The Ride of Paul Revere" has been made classic by the poem, "Tales of a Wayside Inn," by Longfellow. We have heard of poetic license, but have always understood that this sort of latitude was to be confined to modes of expression and to the regions of the imagination, and should not extend to historic facts. This distinction Longfellow has not been careful to observe. He says of Revere : " It was two by the village clock. When he came to the bridge in Concord town." Now the plain truth, as stated by Revere himself, and by all other authorities, is that he did not even enter the township of Concord, or approach within several miles of Concord bridge. When poets pervert plain matters of history, to give speed to their Pegasia, they should be restrained, as Revere was in his midnight ride. 172 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. British troops were then generally called. This created the impression that the movement of the troops at Boston was a mere feint on the part of General Gage, to caU off public atten tion from some expedition he was about to undertake in some other direction. The evening being cool, the company was dismissed, -with orders to assemble again at the beat of the drum. Some who resided in the immediate neighborhood, repaired to their own homes, but the greater part of them went to Buckman's tavern, near the place of parade.^ It may aid the reader In understanding what is to follow, to give a brief description of the viUage, and of the localities where the principal events occurred. Lexington Is about twelve mUes north-west of Boston, and six miles south-east of Concord. The Immediate vlUage at that time did not contain more than eight or ten houses. "The road from Boston dmdes near the centre of the vUlage. The branch leading to Concord passes to the left, and that to Bedford to the right of the meeting-house, forming two sides of a triangular green or common, on the south-easterly corner of which stood the meeting-house, facing directly down the road' leading to Boston. The road is straight for about one hundred rods below the meeting-house, and nearly level. The common is a pleasant level green, containing about two acres, surrounded by trees, having on .the left a gently rising knoU, where the present monument now stands."^ On the right of the meeting-house, nearly opposite, and separated from the common by the road leading to Bedford, stood Buckman's tavern. The house Is still standing, and Is owned by the Merriams ; and its perforated clapboards are living witnesses of the attack of a ruthless foe. On the north side of the green. In the rear of the meeting-house, at about twenty rods, were two dwelUng houses, one the site of the present house owned and occupied by Mr. James Gould, and the other the old house now standing and owned by Mr. Bowen Harrington. These houses, with their out-buUdings, and one or two shops, formed the northerly boundary of the common. North of this is a belt of low swampy ground, extending without Interruption for a consider able distance, from the north-east to the south-west. The present Bedford road not then having been constructed, the ' Gordon's Letter, Phinney's History, and Depositions of 1775. ' Phinney. IP,: LE;flNGTON. ' 1775- A . . Clarke House. B . . Bucknam Tavern. C . . Munroe's Tavern. t^= . Parker's Company. D . Jonathan Harrington's, E . . Daniel Harrington's. F . . Nathan Munroe's. G . . Blacksmith's Shop. H . . Ennerson's House, I . . Loring's House, J . Loring's Barn. L . . Meeting-House. M N . Percy's Field Piece. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 173 travel to Bedford passed by the house of the Rev. Mr. Clarke, on what is now known as Hancock street. There were also houses on the Concord road southerly of the common — the one where Mr. John Hudson now resides, then occupied by Monroe. The accompanying diagram wiU show more fully the localities of the events of that day, and the house where Adams and Hancock were staying. The apprehension which was felt for the safety of Hancock and Adams, was increased by the report of Sanderson, Revere, and others just escaped from the British officers, who had held them as prisoners. Their inquiries where these distin guished patriots could be found, left no doubt in the minds of the people of Lexington, that one object of the expedition was to seize them. The friends of Adams and Hancock advised them to leave their present lodgings, and repair to a place of greater safety. At first they objected. Hancock declared that " It should never be said of him, that he turned his back upon the British." But they were told that their preservation was of the utmost consequence to the interest of the Colony, and to the great cause of freedom ; and as they were unarmed, they could do but little towards opposing the king's troops. They at last consented, though with great reluctance, to leave the .scene of danger, and the patriot priest whose hospitality they had shared, and whose sacred benedictions rested upon their heads. It was decided that they should repair to Burlington. But being un willing to retire at once to a distant place, where they should be beyond the reach of the earUest InteUigence, and having a strong desire to witness 'with their own senses whatever might occur, they at first retired to the hUl south-east of Mr. Clarke's house, which was then covered with wood, where they remained con cealed tUl after the British had taken up their line of inarch for Concord, when they repaired to the house of a Mr. Reed, in the borders of Burlington. Here they remained a short time, when they were induced to retire further from the scene of danger ; and they were conducted to the house of Madam Jones, 'widow of Rev. Thomas Jones, and of Rev. Mr. Marrett, in .Bur lington.^ ' While they were there, an alarm was given that the British were upon them. Whereupon, Mr. Marrett conducted them along a cartway to Mr. Amos Wyman's house, in a comer of Billerica. 174' HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Dorothy Quincy, true to the instincts of patriotism and her attachments to Hancock, to whom she was engaged, and whom she married in September of that year, accompanied him on that perilous. occasion. It was at this place. In the wood near Mr. Clarke's house, that the venerable Adams, on hearing the firing of the British troops, made that memorable exclamation, " What a glorious morning for A.merica is this ! " Far-sighted patriot ! He was not insensible to the horrors of war. His patriotic soul was fully alive to the agonies of the dying, and the lamentations of the widow and the orphan. But In his prophetic vision, he looked beyond the events of that gloomy morning, to that brighter day which would da'wn upon America. He was fiiUy sensible that in politics as In religion, " the blood of the martyrs Is the seed of the church ; " and that the first guns that were fired, were but the signal for the general rising of the people, which must result in the independence of the colonies. Though a dark cloud overshadowed his beloved country, he plainly saw that its gUded margin betokened a brighter sky, and pointed to the bow of promise. Such pros pects filled him 'with rapture, and drew from him that cheering, patriotic exclamation. WhUe these British officers were playing their part on the road towards Concord, the British troops were on their march to the place of their destination. Colonel Smith, at the head of about eight hundred grenadiers, infantry and marines, the flower of the British army, embarked about ten o'clock In the boats of the ships of war. They landed at Phipps's farm in Cambridge, near where the present court-house stands, just as the moon was rising ; and to prevent discovery, took an unfrequented path across the marshes to the old road leading from Charlestown to Menotomy. This subjected them to considerable delay and inconvenience, as the path was untrodden, and they were compeUed in some cases to wade through the water. Being on a secret expedition, their march was sUent and noiseless.. Gerry, Orne, and Lee, having been apprised of their approach, rose from their beds at Menotomy, to witness their stealthy midnight march. The front of the column passed the house without annoying any one ; but as they proceeded a sergeant's guard was detached to search the house. Gerry, Orne, and Lee, consid- BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 175 ering themselves In immediate danger, though but partly dressed, escaped from the house to the neighboring fields, where they remained tUl the overflowing scourge had passed by.^ The soldiers searched the house ; they entered into the chambers where they had been sleeping, but their Intended victims had departed.^ Colonel Smith had not marched far before he found that the country was alarmed. Though General Gage had used the utmost secresy in preparing for the expedition, and his own movements had been cautious and stealthy ; though no martial airs had animated his troops, and their march was silent as the grave to which many of them were hastening, he found that the news of his expedition had preceded him. The light from the Old North Church in Boston, had drawn forth a chime from the beUs of the country churches, and the firing of alarm guns In every direction showed that the faithful heralds, sent out by the .patriots, had performed their duty ; and If they had not prepared his way before him, they had prepared the people to give him a warm if not cordial reception. Fearing that the country was rising to oppose his progress, he detached six companies of light infantry, under the command of Major Pitcairn, with orders to press forward and secure the bridges at Concord. At the same time. Colonel Smith dispatched a messenger to General Gage for a reenforcement. Soon after, the officers who had been sent forward the preceding night, returned with very exaggerated statements of the numbers of the militia which were collecting — representing that there were five hundred assembled at Lex- ' Smith, in his West Cambridge Address, says, " Gerry in his perturbation, being on the point of opening the front door in their faces, the landlord cried out to him, ' For God's sake don't open that door ! ' and led them to the back part of the house, whence they escaped into the cornfield, before the officer had posted his guards about the doors. There was nothing to conceal them from view in the broad field but the corn-stubble which had been left the pre- ¦vious fall a foot or two high, and that was but little protection in the bright moonlight. Gerry stumbled and fell, and called out to his friend, ' Stop, Orne ; stop for me, till I can get up ; I have hurt myself ! ' This suggested the idea, and they all threw themselves flat on the ground, and, concealed by the stubble, remained there, half-clothed, as they left their chamber, till the troops passed on. Colonel Lee never recovered from the effects of that mid night exposure ; he died in less than a month from that night.'' ' Gage's Account, and Austin's Life of Gerry, p. 169. 23 176 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. ington, and that they were constantly coming in from every quarter. The representation so alarmed Pitcairn, that when he had arrived near Lexington Common, he halted tiU the grena diers came In sight, that he might be supported In case he should be attacked by an overwhelming force.' "The march of the British," says Phinney, "was sUent and rapid. One of the messengers sent by our people to ascertain if they were coming, was surprised before he was aware of their approach, and taken prisoner in Cambridge.^ Thus they continued their march undiscovered, taking and detaining as prisoners every person they met with on the road, till they had arrived within a mile and a half of Lexington meeting-house. In order to secure persons traveling upon the road, they would send two soldiers at a considerable distance in advance of the main body, with orders to secrete themselves, one on each side of the road, and when any one approached, they would aUow him to pass them, so as to get between them and the troops, and then rise and close upon him. In this way they had taken a number of our men, who had been sent to get information of their approach. Thaddeus Bowman, the last one sent on this business, was riding pretty rapidly down the road, and had pro ceeded about a mile and a half, when his horse became suddenly frightened, stopped, and refused to go forward. In a moment fie discovered the cause. Two British soldiers were perceived just ahead, sitting on opposite sides of the way, close to the fence. It was then daylight. While Bowman was unsuccess- fuUy endeavoring by all the means of whip and spur to urge his horse forward, not conceiving of their plan to entrap him, he caught a glimpse of the main body of the British troops, then about twenty rods off. He instantly tumed his horse and rode with aU possible speed to the meeting-house, and gave Captain Parker the first certain intelligence of the approach of the Idng's troops. About the same time that Bowman discovered them, a flanking party made prisoner of Benjamin Wellington, who was within about ten rods of the main road, on his way to join the company at the Common. They took his arms from him, and on his promise to return home, he was released. Wellington, however, took a cross route to the meeting-house, and reached ' Gage's Account. " Clarke's Narrative. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 177 there soon after Bowman. There was no longer any doubt that the regulars were coming." ^ It was now about half-past four In the morning. Captain Parker immediately ordered the alarm guns to be fired, and the drum to beat to arms. Sergeant William Munroe was directed to form the company, which he did with the utmost dispatch, in two ranks, a few rods north of the meeting-house. Fifty or sixty of the mUitia had formed, or rather were forming, while there were some thirty spectators near by, a few of whom had arms. But what was to be done ! What could this little de voted band do in the face of what they then believed to be twelve or fifteen hundred veteran troops ? To attack them would, in a mUitary point of view, be the height of madness ; to stand their ground in case they were attacked by such overwhelming num bers, would be exposing themselves to certain destruction without any justifiable motive. Captain Parked and his men not only knew their danger, but they knew the great responsIbUIty which rested upon them. They stood there not merely as soldiers, but as citizens, nay, almost as statesmen, having the destiny of the country in their hands. Their conduct on that occasion might affect, for weal or for woe, thousands that were to come after them. The patriots in the other colonies had expressed' a fear, lest the people of Massachusetts, goaded on by oppression, might indiscreetly commit some overt act, and so Involve the country prematurely in a civil war. The Continental Congress had recommended to the people of this Colony, to avoid a collision -with the king's troops, and in all cases to act only on the defensive.^ Hancock and Adams had recommended prudent measures; and though they foresaw that a conflict of arms was approaching, they were extremely anxious that when war should come, we could say with truth that the colonists were not the aggressors. Captain Parker, In his intercourse with Parson Clarke, had learned that patriotism was consistent with pru dence; and that his duty to his country and to his God, re quired him to act only on the defensive. To have been the assailant under such circumstances, would have been unworthy of him as a mUitary commander and as a patriotic citizen, and would justly have exposed him to the censure of a court-martial, ' Phinney's History. » Resolution of the Continental Congress, Oct. 11, 1774. 178 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and the displeasure of every intelligent friend of the popular cause. Knowing his duty as a soldier, and feeling the full weight of his responsibility as a citizen, Captain Parker ordered his men "not to fire unless they were fired upon." At a short distance from the parade ground, the British officers, hearing the beat of the American drum, and regarding it as a chaUenge, ordered the column to halt and prime and load ; when they moved forward in double quick time directly upon the Americans, as they were forming. Some of Captain Parker's men, unused to such trying scenes, and knowing their inability to resist successfully, for a moment faltered ; Parker commanded every man to stand his ground till he should order him to leave It, and added that he -would cause the first man to be shot down who should attempt to leave his post.' At this moment the British rushed forward with a shout, led on by Major Pitcairn, who exclaimed, "Dlspdtse, ye rebels; lay down your arms and disperse ! " The Americans did not obey ; whereupon he re peated the exclamation with an oath, rushed forward, discharged his pistol and commanded his men to fire. A few guns were discharged ; but as no execution was done, the Americans, sup posing that they were loaded only with powder, stood their ground, but did not return the fire. The command to fire was repeated, and a general discharge from the front rank foUowed with fatal effect. The Americans, seeing some of their numbers killed and wounded, hesitated no longer as to their right to resist, and several of them immediately returned the fire of the British. Jonas Parker, John Munroe, and Ebenezer Munroe, Jr., and some others, fired before leaving the line. Captain Parker, seeing several of his men fall, and the British rushing upon his Uttle band from both sides of the meeting-house, as If to sur round them, ordered his men to disperse. They did so ; but as the British continued firing, several of the Americans returned the fire after leaving the field. ^ The firing on the part of the Americans, and also on the part of the British, after the first two rounds, was scattering and irregular. As Major Pitcairn led the van, the responsIbUIty of ' Depositions of Underwood, Douglass, and John Munroe. ' Depositions of 1776, Gordon's Letter, Clarke's Narrative, Phinney's His tory, and Everett's Address. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 179 the first firing rests solely upon him. From the best Information that can be obtained, it is not probable that Colonel Smith was upon the ground, until after or at the moment of the fatal volley. Most of the accounts, and especiaUy the British, which are the best authority*wn the question aS to who was then in command, ascribe It to Pitcairn. As the light infantry, which were put under the Major, were sent forward in advance of the grenadiers, and as the grenadiers under Smith did not join the column of infantry, until the delay of the latter near the Common, the sole direction of the firing must have devolved upon Pitcairn in the first instance. It Is probable that Smith, who was not far from the Common, hearing the first discharge, rode forward, and arrived about the time the fatal volley was fired by the command of the Major. Smith may have been upon the Common before the scattering fire ceased, but was not at the commencement of the firing.^ The depositions taken In 1775, and subsequently, during the life-time of those who were actors in the scenes of that day, have preserved many interesting facts relative to the firmness, heroism, and noble daring of indl-dduals on that occasion. Jedediah Munroe was wounded in the morning; but nothing daimted by the dangers he had encountered and the wound he had received, instead of quitting the field, he marched with his company towards Concord to meet the enemy, and feU a -victim to his patriotism and bravery in the afternoon.^ On the first fire of the British in the morning, John Munroe, seeing no one faU, said cooUy to his namesake, Ebenezer Munroe, Jr., that they had fired nothing but powder. Oh the second discharge, Ebenezer replied, 'They have fired something besides powder now, for I am wounded in the arm.' He then discharged his gun at the British, receiving two balls from them in return — one of ' Several of the depositions taken in 1824, ascribe the command to fire to Colonel Smith. But though the deponents were on the field at the time, and saw the officers who first rode forward ; not knowing either of the officers, they could not tell one from the other. Pitcairn himself admitted that he was the officer in command at the commencement of the firing, though he knew that admission subjected him to the censure of his own government. ' Jedediah Munroe was armed that day not only with a musket, but with a long sword, or claymore, probably brought over by his ancestors from the Highlands of Scotland in the times of Oliver Cromwell. — MS, Papers of Edmund Munroe, late of Boston. 180 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. which grazed his cheek, the other passed between his arm and his body, leaving Its mark in his garment. John Munroe, after firing in the line, retreated a few rods, when he turned about, loaded his gun with two balls, and discharged it a^ his pursuers ; the strength of the charge carrying away aboip^a foot of the muzzle of his gun. WUliam Tidd, the second in command of the company, when retreating from the Common, was pursued by an officer, supposed to be Pitcairn, on horseback, up the Bedford road some thirty or forty rods, -with repeated cries of " Stop, or you are a dead man." Tidd turned from the road Into the lot, where he made a stand, and discharged his gun at his pursuers, who in turn sought safety In flight. John Tidd remained upon the field so long, that as he was leaving the Common a British officer upon horseback rushed upon him and struck him do-wn with his cutlass ; and whUe he remained senseless from the effects of the blow upon the head, they despoUed him of his arms, taking away his gun, cartridge-box and powder-horn. This ftimishes pretty good proof that he did not run on the first approach of the enemy.' Joshua Simonds, with three others, had, on the approach of the British, gone Into the church to obtain a supply of powder. They had succeeded In getting two quarter casks from the upper loft into the gallery, when the British reached the meeting-house. Two of them, Caleb Harrington and Joseph Comee, resolved at every hazard to escape from the house and join the company. Harrington was kUled in the attempt at the west end of the meeting-house. Comee, finding himself cut off from the com pany, ran under a sho-wer of balls, one of which struck him in the arm, to the Munroe house, (where Mr. John Hudson now resides,; and passing through the house made "his escape at the back door. The third secreted himself in the opposite gallery, whUe Simonds loaded and cocked his gun, and laying do-wn, placed the muzzle upon the open cask of powder, determined to blow up the British, If they should enter the gaUery, choosing to destroy his own Ufe rather than fall Into their hands. "His tory, Roman history," says Everett, "does not furnish an ex ample of bravery that outshines that of Jonas Parker. A truer ' Depositions of John Munroe, Ebenezer Munroe, and William Tidd ; Eve rett's Address : Petition of John Tidd to the Legislature, January, 1776. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 181 heart did not bleed at Thermopylaj. He was next door neighbor of Mr. Clarke, and had evidently imbibed a double portion of his lofty spirit. Parker was often heard to say, that be the con sequences what they might, and let others do what they pleased, he would never run from the enemy. He was as good as his word ; — better. Ha-ving loaded his musket, he placed his hat, containing his ammunition, on the ground between his feet. In readiness for the second charge. At the second fire from the enemy, he was wounded, and sunk upon his knees ; . and in this condition discharged his gun. While loading it again upon hia knees, and striving in the agonies of death to redeem his pledge, he was transfixed by a bayonet, and thus died on the spot where he first Stood and fell." ' In addition to Jonas Parker, whose death was thus remark able, Isaac Muzzy, Robert Munroe, and Jonathan Harrington, were kUled on or near the Common, where the company was paraded. Robert Munroe, who thus feU a sacrifice to the lawless oppression of Great Britain, had, on a former occasion, periled his Ufe in her defence — having served In the French war, and been standard-bearer at the capture of Louisburg in 1758. "Harrington's was a cruel fate. He fell in front of his own house, on the north of the Common. His wife at the window saw him faU, and then start up, the blood gushing from his breast. He stretched out his hands towards her, as "if for assist ance, and feU again. Rising once more on his hands and knees, he crawled towards his dweUing. She ran to meet him at the door, but It was to see him expire."^ Samuel Hadley and John Brown were killed after they left the Common, and Caleb Harrington In attempting to escape from the meeting-house. Asahel Porter,'of Woburn, was not under arms. He had been captured on the road by the British that morning on their approach to Lexington ; and In attempting to make his escape, about the time the firing commenced, was shot down a few rods from the Common.^ ' Everett's Address. ° Ibid. ' 'Phinney's History and Deposition appended, and MS. Statement of Levi Harrington. The number killed that morning was eight, viz : Jonas Parker, Robert Munroe, Isaac Muzzy, Jonathan Harrington, Caleb Harrington, Samuel Hadley and John Brown of Lexington, and Asahel Portel of Woburn. Three other Lexington men were killed and one wounded in the afternoon. 182 mSTORY OF LEXINGTON. In addition to the kUled, nine, -viz: Ebenezer Munroe, Jr., John Tidd, John Robbins, Solomon Pierce, Joseph Comee, Thomas Winship, Nathaniel Farmer, Jedediah Munroe, and a colored man caUed Prince, were wounded In the morning, and Francis Brown In the afternoon. Jedediah Munroe, who was wounded In the morning, was kiUed In the afternoon. Several of the above received severe wounds.^ Of Captain Parker's gallant company, seven were klUed, and nine wounded on or near the Common, being a quarter part of the whole number assembled. This ftimishes the most striking proof of their bravery, and the firmness with which they with stood the British fire. The history of the most sanguinary battles, though continued for hours, rarely furnishes a per centage of loss equal to this. At the celebrated battle of AusterUtz, where the combined forces of Russia and Austria were so slg- naUy defeated and cut to pieces by Napoleon, the loss of the aUies was only fifteen per cent ; while here it was twenty-five. Brave and patriotic band ! How shaU we do justice to your names and your memories ! When a dark cloud overshadowed our country, and many a stout heart shrunk back in dismay, you boldly stood forth in defence of our rights, and offered your selves a living sacrifice on the altar of freedom. Your firmness Inspired the patriots throughout the colonies — your blood cemented the union of the States. To you we are Indebted, In no smaU degree, for the manifold blessings we now enjoy. A grateftd country remembers your deeds of noble daring, and wUl transmit your names to the latest posterity. The British suffered but little from the fire of the Americans. ' Farmer received a ball iu his right arm, which fractured, the bone, and dis abled him for a long time : several pieces of bone were taken from his arm months afterwards. The Legislature made him a grant of £15 15«. for loss of labor and for surgical attendance. Comee was wounded in the left arm, and received a grant of £12 7s. Tidd, of whose wound in the head we have already spoken, was rewarded for his bravery and suffering by a grant of £4 10s. Ebenezer Munroe, Jr., was wounded in the arm, and remembered by a grant of £4. Francis Brown, who was wounded in the afternoon, received a ball in his cheek, which went nearly through his neck, where it lodged and was extracted on the back of his neck, the year following. He received £12 2s. from the Legislature. Notwithstanding this severe wound, he lived fifteen or twenty years, and in 1776 commanded the Lexington company. Nor must we forget the black man, Prince ; he entered the Continental service, and served under Captain Edmund Munroe, in Colonel Bigelow's regiment. «? > i^>r 3; Vm *^ I I ^ *'»j»'^ t '. '¦ ¦ ; i iS' l^^\^ 1 ii ft ^ V #- ^ tS^ * 'p * ^ BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 183 One man of the tenth regiment was wounded in the leg, and another in the hand. Major Pitcairn's horse was struck in two places. 1 When Munroe and others fired from the line, the British were so enveloped In smoke by the volley they had just fired, as to make them invisible to the Americans. This Is un doubtedly one cause why more of their shots did not take effect. Some of the nulltla retreated up the Bedford road, but most of them across the swamp to the rising ground north-west of the Common. As soon as the Lexington company had dispersed, and the firing had ceased, the British troops drew up on the Common, fired a volley, and gave three cheers in token of their victory ! They then took up their line of march for Concord, the next vUlage, about six miles distant, where they arrived without further opposition. The tarry of the British at Lex ington was short, the whole period occupying not more than twenty or twenty-five minutes. Most of Captain Parker's com pany, who had withdrawn to no considerable distance, returned to the Common Immediately after the British had left for Con cord, and made prisoners of six of the regulars who were in the rear of the detachment. It was supposed that they had wan dered from the main-body for the purposes of plunder, or had gone into some of the houses on the road to obtain some refreshment, and were thus left behind. These prisoners were disarmed, put under guard, and conducted to Woburn precinct, now Burlington, and from thence were sent to Chelmsford. ^ There was another prisoner taken shortly after, on the road near the old VUes tavern, not far from the Lincoln line. These were the first prisoners made In the Revolution. The report of the bloody transaction at Lexington spread as on the wings of the wind, and the fact that the regulars had fired upon and kUled several citizens, was known not only In the neighboring to-wns, but to the distance of forty or fifty miles, in the course of the forenoon.^ The people immediately flew to ' Gage's Report, Depositions of Ebenezer Munroe and Abijah Harrington. ' Phinney's History, Gage's Letter, Hist. Coll. 4 Series, Ebenezer Munroe's, Sanderson's, Reed's, and Harrington's Depositions. ' As a specimen of the speed with which the information of the events of that morning was circulated, and the effect it produced upon the public mind, we will give an extract from Lincoln's History of Worcester. " Before noon, on the 19th of April, an express came to the town, shouting as he passed 24 184 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. arms ; and half-formed companies, and single individuals, were seen mo-ving rapidly to the scene of action. The intelligence that the British were on their way for Concord, had reached that place between one and two o'clock in the morning. Dr. Pres cott, whose escape from the British officers has already been related, had given the alarm. The village bell and the alarm guns awoke the people from their slumbers. The Committee of Safety, the military officers, and the prominent citizens, held a hasty consultation. Rev. ilr. Emerson, their patriotic priest, was with them. The mUitia and minute-men were assembled, and expresses were sent towards Lexington to ascertain the approach of the king's troops. In the meantime the patriotic Colonel Barrett, to whose care had been committed the miUtary stores In that place, was actively employed in removing them to places of safety. Some were secreted in the woods, and some under rubbish about the buildings, as opportunity would permit, or Ingenuity suggest. Concord Is about eighteen mUes from Boston. The -vUlage is situated on low, level ground, and Is completely commanded by the hUls on either side. Between these hiUs on the north westerly and westerly side of the village, flows the Concord river In a serpentine channel with a sluggish current, approaching in some places within fifty rods of the houses, though generally at a greater distance. Across this stream In 1775, there were two bridges, known as the North and South bridges. The North bridge was some two hundred rods from the meeting-house. The west bank of the river at that place consists of low, wet ground, which is generaUy overflowed in the spring freshets. through the streets at full speed, ' To arms ! to arms ! the war has begun ! ' His white horse, bloody with spurring, and dripping with sweat, fell exhausted by the church. Another was instantly produced, and the tidings went on. The bell rung out the alarm, the cannon were fired, and messengers sent to every part of the town to collect the soldiery. As the news spread, the imple ments of husbandry were thrown by in the field, and the citizens left their homes with no longer delay than to seize their arms. In a short time the minute-men were paraded on the green, under Captain Timothy Bigelow ; after fervent prayer by the Rev. Mr. Maccarty, they took up their line of march. They were soon followed by as many of the train-bands as could be gathered under Captain Benjamin Flagg." This shows the spirit of the times ; and as ¦Worcester, at least thirty miles distant from Lexington, received the tidings of the attack before noon, it shows the rapidity with which the alarm on that day was given. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 185 From the bridge the road was a causeway leading westerly over the low ground towards Acton. The road from the hill where the Americans assembled after leaving the vUlage, ran southerly tUl It met this causeway leading to the bridge at an acute angle. This bridge across the river was discontinued In 1793 ; the abut ments and causeway, however, are stUl to be seen. The North bridge led to Colonel Barrett's, which was about two mUes from the centre of the town. The road from Lexington enters Con cord from the south-east, and runs along nearly a mUe upon level land close to the foot of a hiU which rises abruptly from thirty to fifty feet above the road, and terminates at the north-easterly part of the square. The top forms a plain which overlooks and commands the village. The liberty-pole stood upon the northerly part of this ridge of high land. " The town," says D'Bernicre, the spy sent out by General Gage, "is large, and contains a church, jaU, and court-house ; but the houses are not close together, but in Uttle groups." Reuben Brown, one of the messengers sent forth from Con cord to obtain Information, retumed with the InteUigence that the British had fired upon the Americans at Lexington, and were on their way to Concord. This was soon after confirmed, with the additional intelUgence, that some half-dozen of the Americans had been kUled.^ The mUitia and minute-men of Concord ' John Hoar, and seven others of Lincoln, on the 23d of April, 1775, testify that on' the 19th of April they " were assembled at Concord in the morning of that day in consequence of information received that a brigade of regular troops were on their march to Concord, who had killed six men at Lexington; about au hour afterwards we saw them approaching," &c. Captain Nathan Barrett, Lieutenants Jonathan Farrar, Joseph Butler, and Francis Wheeler, and Ensign John Barrett, and eleven others, all of Concord, testify on the same day as follows : " On Wednesday, the 19th instant, about an hour after sunrise, we assembled on the hill near the meeting-house in Concord, in consequence of information that a number of regular troops had killed six of our countrymen at Lexington, and were on their march to Concord ; and about an hour after we saw them approaching to the number, as we imagined, of about twelve hundred." As these troops assembled at Concord "About an hour before the- British arrived," and had at that time received information that the regulars had fired upon and killed six of their countrymen at Lexington, it is manifest that this information had been forwarded with the utmost dispatch, and hence must have been known to all the militia and minute-men before the firing at the North bridge. There is strong internal evidence in the depositions, that the intelligence of the slaughter of Captain Parker's men was early communicated to the citizens 186 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. assembled on the Green near the meeting-house. They were sOon joined by a portion of the miUtary from Lincoln, which had tumed out on the alarming InteUigence from Lexington of the slaughter of their countrymen. The gaUant Captain WU Uam Smith had brought on his minute-men, and Captain Samuel Farrar, with equal promptness, was there with his mUitia com pany. It was determined at first to go out and meet the enemy, and some companies marched down the Lexington road, tiU they saw the British approaching within about two mUes of the viUage. Captain Minot remained in the -vlUage, and took a position on the hUl near the Uberty-pole. The companies which had marched do^vn the road soon retm-ned, and reported that the British were three or four times their number. The whole party then -wisely feU back to an eminence about eighty rods from the meeting-house, where they formed in two battalions.* Here they were joined by Colonel Barrett, the senior officer on the occasion, who had pre-vlously been engaged in remo-ving and secreting the mUitary stores. In the meantime the British appeared in ftdl -view at the distance of a quarter of a mUe, marching at a rapid rate. There was but Uttie time for deUber ation. Some were in favor of standing their ground and re sisting the British troops, in case they should attack them. But and to the military at Concord. The deponents had information that six of their countrymen were slain, which shows that the tidings must have been for warded immediately, before the whole number had been ascertained. Timothy Minot, Jr., of Concord, testified that after he heard of the regulars firing upon the Lexington men, he thought it his duty to secure his family ; and after securing them, to use his own language, "sometime after that, retuming towards his dwelling, and finding that the bridge was guarded by the regular troops," stood as a spectator and saw the Americans march down to the bridge where the firing co i menced." The only authority we can find that even im plies that the Americans at the North bridge did not know of the slaughter at Lexington, is that of Mr. Emerson, and his language may naturally be inter preted to imply nothing more than that they had not learned all the particulars, though they had heard of the main fact. Such au interpretation of his lan guage will make it harmonize with that of Captain Barrett and sixteen other citizens of Concord. None can take an impartial view of the evidence without being satisfied that the Lexington slaughter was known to the Americans before a gun was fired at Concord. "That such a fact, so perfectly known to hundreds at Lexington about sunrise, on a day when so many were literally ruiming from town to town, should not have traveled six miles in about five hours, caimot be believed." — Adams's Address. * Emerson, Ripley and Clark. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 187 more prudent counsels prevaUed, and Colonel Barrett ordered the mUItia under his command, to retire over the North bridge to a commanding eminence about three-fourths of a mile from the meeting-house, there to watch the movements of the enemy and wait for reenforcements.* The British troops marched into Concord in two columns ; one in the main road, and the other north of the road on the hUl from which the Americans had just retired. Colonel Smith, with the grenadiers, marines, and a portion of the light-infantry, remained in the centre of the town, whUe Captain Parsons, with six light companies, consisting however of only about two hundred men, was detaUed to secure the North bridge, and destroy the stores supposed to be deposited in that part of the to-wn. Pursuant to orders. Captain Parsons posted Captain Laurie with about one hundred men at the bridge, whUe he pro ceeded with the remainder, under the guidance of Ensign D' Ber- nlcre, who had visited Concord about a month before, to the house of Colonel Barrett, In pursuit of miUtary stores. Captain Pole, with a smaU detachment, was sent to the South bridge for a sImUar purpose.^ These bridges were important in a military point of view, as they furnished the only approach to the town from the west and north-west, at this season of the year, when the water is usuaUy high. In the meantime the Americans, assembled on the hiU near the North bridge, were receiving accessions to their numbers from Carlisle, from Chelmsford, from Westford, from Littleton and Acton, and from other towns In that neighborhood. As the mlUtIa and minute-men repaired to the scene of action with the utmost, haste on the first receipt of the intelligence of the approach of the British, the companies generaUy were not full at this early hour. About four hundred and fifty however had arrived.^ They were formed in line by Joseph Hosmer of Concord, who acted as adjutant on the occasion. As the men arrived they took their places In their respective com panies. The gaUant Captain Davis, with his Acton minute-men, came upon the field after the line was partly formed, and took his appropriate place — the one which he had occupied a short time ' Depositions of 1775, Ripley and Emerson. ' Gage's Letter to Trumbull. " Depositions of 1775. 188 HISTORY OF liEXINGTON, before at a muster — on the left of the Concord minute compa nies, commanded by Captains Brown and MUes, both of whom were his seniors.* From their position on the hiU the Americans had a fuU view, not only of the British troops at the bridge, but also of those near the meeting-house, who were seeking for and destroying military stores. Seeing several fires set by the troops under Colonel Smith, they became alarmed for the fate of the vUlage. A consultation of the officers present and of prominent citizens was held, which resulted in a resolution to pass the bridge, and march to the centre of the town.^ The Americans were at this time about four times as numerous as the British at the bridge ; but the latter were vastly superior in discipline, and in the quality of their arms. Besides, the British had a veteran force of at least five hundred men in the viUage, on which they could fall back in case of necessity ; and being posted at the bridge which the Americans could approach only by a narrow causeway, they had greatly the advantage of position. Knowing that the British had fired upon the mUitia at Lexington, and kUled several men, the Americans had every reason to believe that they would dispute the passage of the bridge; and knowing that the front of the column upon the causeway leading directly to the bridge, would be greatly exposed to their fire in case of resistance, it required no ordinary firmness to occupy that position. Who then should head the column? What company should occupy that post of honor and of danger ? It of right belonged to the Concord companies ; their position on the right of the line would, under ordinary circumstances, give them that post. A consultation of the officers and others was had, at which the subject was considered. We have no fuU report of what took place there. William Parkman of Concord, who was present acting as one of the vigUance committee, said that Major Buttrick requested one of the Concord companies to meet the British at the bridge, but the Captain replied that he had rather not. Captain Davis of Acton, promptly accepted the honor, dangerous as was the position.^ Captain WUliam Smith of Lincoln, also offered his services to lead the column to the ' Adams's Address, and Depositions appended. ' Ripley and Shattuck. ' Deposition of Bradley Stone, appended to Adams's Letter to Lemuel Shat tuck, Esq. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 189 bridge.* That there was some feeling exhibited on this occasion, and that some of the officers had declined the post of danger, is manifest from the course pursued by the gallant Davis, who, in returning to his company from this consultation, said with emotion and firmness, " I have n't a man in my company that 's afraid to go," and ordering his men to follow him, wheeled them out of the line, and placed them at the head of the column, under the guidance of Major Buttrick.^ Colonel Barrett gave orders to pass the bridge, but not to fire unless fired upon by the king's troops. He designated Major John Buttrick to execute this order. Lieutenant Colonel Robinson, of Westford, volunteered to accompany him. On their march Major Buttrick requested Mm to act as his superior, but he generously decUned.^ It was nearly ten o'clock when the Americans, about three hundred strong,* commenced their march for the river, the Acton company in front, led by the gallant Davis. Captains Brown, MUes, Smith and others fell into line with their companies. ' Mass. Archives, — "Lincoln, November, 1776. This may certify that Cap tain William Smith of Lincoln, in the county of Middlesex, appeared on Con cord parade early in the morniug ^f the 19th of April, 1775, with his company of minute- men ; was ordered to leave his horse by a fidd-officer, and take his post on an adjacent hill — the British troops possessing the North bridge. He voluntarily offered with his company, to endeavor to dislodge them, leaving his horse at the tavern ; by which means, on their retreat, the horse, &c., were carried off with one of their wounded men. — John Buttrick, Major." This important fact was brought before the public for the first time, we believe, by Fiothingham in his Siege of Boston. ' Smith's Deposition, appended to Adams's Address. Pierpont, in a Poem deUvered at Acton, October 29th, 1851, on the celebration of the completion of the monument erected to the honor of Davis, Hosmer, and Hay ward, thus describes this consultation : " But who shall head the column 1 Who shall dare Beard first the lion, leaping from hia lair 3 The chiefs in consultation asfc, * Which corps of these, who never faced a foe before, Will stand those veterans' fire ? Which -will not quail At yonder bayonets, and the leaden hail That lies behind them 1 Davis, are there ten Of your command — of Acton's minute men — Who will not waver — will not quit their place. When meeting yonder bull-dogs face to face ? ' * Ten, do you ask me, Buttrick, Robinson, Ten of my minute men that will not run ? Say but the word — march with me down this hill , And you shall see, there is not one that will.' Nor was there one that did." ' Ripley. * Deposition of 1775. 190 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Their positions, however, are not exactly known.* They marched in double ranks . The British guard of about one hundred In number, under Captain Laurie, were then on the west side of the river. On seeing the Americans approach, they recrossed the bridge, formed In order of battle, and began to take up the planks. Major Buttrick In a loud voice remonstrated against this, and ordered his men to hasten their march. When they arrived within a few rods of the bridge, they were fired upon by the British. The first guns, only two or three In number, did no execution, the balls, probably by design, striking the water. These were foUowed by a few other shots, one of which wounded Luther Blanchard, a fifer in the Acton company. These were succeeded by a volley, by which Captain Da-vis and Abner Hosmer, of the same company, were killed. On seeing this, Major Buttrick exclaimed : " Fire, fellow soldiers ; for God's sake, fire ! " This order was instantly obeyed, kllUng one and wounding several of the enemy. The British immediately retreated In great haste and confusion towards the vUlage, and were soon met by a reenforcement ; when the whole fell back upon the main body, near the meeting-house. The Americans pursued them over the bridge, where one of the wounded British soldiers was cruelly killed by a hatchet, as he was strug gling to rise from the ground.'^ Part of the Americans tumed off to the left, and ascended a hill east of the main road, while another portion retumed to the high grounds, carrying -with them the remains of Davis and Hosmer. Military order was now broken up, and the Americans improved the time in taking refreshments. In the mean time, the detachment which had been sent to Colonel Barrett's to destroy the munitions of war, returning, re-passed the bridge where the skirmish had taken place, and joined the main body under Colonel Smith, without molestation. The localities here referred to, and the movement of the troops, will be better understood by reference to the accompanying diagram. ' Ripley. ' This barbarous deed gave rise to the charge made by the British that the Americans scalped the wounded and cut off their ears. The act was com mitted by a rash young man, acting from the impulse of the moment, who regretted it to his dying day. It was condemned by all parties at the time, and has never been justified by any one. It was an act of an individual, without orders from any in authority. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 191 1. Lexington Koad. 2. Hill and high lands where the liberty-pole stood. 3. Centre of the town, and main body of the British. 4. Boad to the South Bridge. 5. Boad to the North Bridge and to Colonel Barrett's house, two miles from the centre of the town. 6. High grounds nearly a mile north of the meeting-house where the militia assembled, 7. Boad along which they marched to dislodge the British at North Bridge. 8. Spot where Davis and Hosmer fell. 9. Bev. Mr. Emerson's House. 10. Bridges and roads made in 1793, when the old roads with dotted lines were discontinued. The Americans, whose numbers were now considerably In creased, ought, it has been said, to have intercepted this detach ment at the bridge ; but as no declaration of war had taken place, there must have been some hesitancy on the part of the officers as to the wisdom or propriety of such an attempt. Such a step might have exposed the women and chUdren to 25 192 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the grossest outrages, and the vUlage itself to destruction. The conduct of the British in the afternoon shows that such apprehensions, if they were entertained, were weU founded. Besides, the Provincial troops were unused to strict discipUne, and It would have been difficult to raUy them, and bring them into the field to act 'with such efficiency at a single point, as to Intercept a hundred veteran soldiers ; and evefy miUtary man knows that It would have been next to impossible for three hun dred mUitia, without discipline and poorly armed, to capture such a force before they could have been relieved by Colonel Smith, who had six or seven hundred men at his command, and who must have been on the alert for the safety of Captain Parsons' detachment. On the whole It was undoubtedly wise that no such attempt was made by Colonel Barrett ; though it must have been a great mistake to permit the miUtia and minute men to disperse at that critical moment, as they were aUowed to do, on the poor plea that they wanted their breakfast. The British met with but partial success In their destruction of miUtary stores. The delay produced by the affair at Lexington, and the consequent caution which Colonel Smith afterwards observed, gave the people at Concord a better opportunity than they would otherwise have had to secure them ; which they so -wisely improved, by scattering- and secreting them, that most of them escaped destruction. Little or no success crowned the efforts of the detachment, sent to the South bridge. The party sent to Colonel Barrett's were a little more successfiil. They burnt a number of gun carriages and other Implements of war. In the centre of the town, they knocked off the trunnions of three Iron twenty-four pounders, burnt a number of gun carriages, threw a quantity of balls into the miU-pond, broke open some sixty barrels of flour, and destroyed a small quantity of wooden bowls and spoons. They also cut down the liberty-pole, and set the court-house on fire, which however was extinguished by the exertion and address of the patriotic Mrs. Moulton. Gordon sums up the total destruction as foUows : " They disabled three twenty-four pounders, destroying their carriages, wheels and limbers ; sixteen wheels for brass three pounders ; two carriages with wheels for two four pounders ; about one hundred weight of balls, which they threw Into the river and weUs, and about BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 193 sixty barrels of flour, one-half of which was afterwards saved." ^ After the firing at the North bridge, the British fell back to the -vUlage, where they were soon joined by the detachments under Captain Parsons and Captain Pole, who had been sent out to destroy the miUtary stores. Here the whole body of the king's troops remained nearly two hours unmolested ; a delay not easUy accounted for, unless Colonel Smith was in expectation of a reenforcement — a delay which nearly cost him the loss of his whole detachment. In the meantime the country was alarmed, and the mUltia and minute-men were pressing to the scene of action. The farmer left his plough in the furrow, the mechanic threw down his tools, and neither returned to his house, save to seize his musket and his powder horn, that he might be prepared to defend his o-wn and his country's rights. The intel Ugence which went forth from Lexington in the morning, had Uke an electric fire spread rapidly In every direction, and produced a shock of righteous indignation, which brought men from every quarter, and prepared them for vigorous action ; and the scenes which had occurred at the North bridge at Concord, strengthened their hands and their hearts, and rendered them desperate. About noon the British commenced their retreat. They left the vlUage In the same order In which they entered It — the main body in the road, and a strong flanking party upon the hill to protect their left. For the first mUe they were unmolested ; but when they arrived at Merriam's comer, they, encountered a party of minute-men from Reading, under Major Brooks, afterwards Govemor of the Commonwealth; Colonel WiUiam Thompson ' "The shrewd and successful address of Captain Timothy Wheeler on this occasion deserves notice. He had the charge of a large quantity of Provincial flour, which together with a few casks of his own, was stored in his barn. A British officer demanding entrance, he readily took his key, and gave him admis sion. The officer expressed his pleasure at the discovery; but Captain Wheeler with much affected simplicity said to him, putting his hand upon a barrel — 'This is my flour. I am a miller, sir. Yonder stands my mill. I get my living by it. In the winter I grind a great deal of grain, and get it ready for mar ket in the spring. This,' pointing to one barrel, ' is the flour of wheat ; this,' pointing to another, ' is the flour of corn ; this is the flour of rye ; this,' putting his hand upon his own cask, ' is my wheat ; this is my rye ; this is mine.' 'Well,' said the officer, 'we do not injure private property;' and withdrew, leaving this important depository untouched."— ifo/wes's Annals, 194 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. with a body of mUitia from BUlerica and the vicinity coming up about the same time. The Provincials on the high grounds near the North bridge, seeing the British leaving the vUlage, went across the " great field," so caUed, to the Bedford road, and arrived in time to support the troops brought up by Brooks and Thompson. Here may be said to have commenced the battle of the 19th of AprU. At Lexington Common and at Concord North bridge, but few guns had been fired by the Americans ; and though ten Americans had faUen,only one of the king's troops had been kUled by the return fire. But now aU restraint seems to have been reinoved, and every true patriot felt at ftdl Uberty to fire without the bidding of any superior. Rev. Edmund Foster, then a young man and a private in the Reading company, gives a graphic account of what occured at this point. " A Uttle before we came to Merriam's hiU, we discovered the enemy's flank guard of about eighty or a hundred men, who, on the retreat from Con cord, kept the height of land, the main body being in the road. The British troops and the Americans, at that time, were equaUy distant from Merriam's comer. About twenty rods short of that place the Americans made a halt. The British marched down the liIU with very slow but steady step, -without music or a word being spoken that could be heard. Silence reigned on both sides. As soon as the British had gained the main road, and passed a smaU bridge near the comer, they faced about suddenly and fired a volley of musketry upon us. They oversbot ; and no one to my knowledge was injured by the fire. The fire was Immediately retumed by the Americans, and two British soldiers feU dead at a Uttle distance from each other In the road near the brook. The battle now began and was carried on -with Uttle or no mUitary discipUne or order on the part of the Americans, dmring the remainder of the day. Each sought his own place and oppor tunity to attack and annoy the enemy from behind trees, rocks, fences and buUdings as seemed most convenient." ^ A Uttle above, near Hardy's HiU, the Sudbury company, led by Captain Cudworth, came up and attacked them with vigor. There was also a severe skirmish below Brooks's tavern on the old road north of the school house. " We saw a wood at a distance," says Mr. Foster, "which appeared to Ue on or near the road ' See Ripley's History. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 195 where the enemy must pass. Many leaped over the waUs and made for that wood. We arrived just in time to meet the enemy. , There was on the opposite side of the road, a young growth of wood fiUed with Americans. The enemy were now completely between two fires, renewed and briskly kept up. They ordered out a flank guard on the left to dislodge the Americans from their posts behind the trees ; but they only became better marks to be shot at." A short but sharp contest ensued in which the enemy received more deadly injury than at any other place from Concord to Charlesto-wn. From the bridge below Brooks's, the woody defiles extended a considerable distance ; in passing which the British suffered severely. The character of the country obstructed their flanking parties ; and as the retreat was now approaching a rout, and their flanks were outflanked by the Americans, they were caUed in, — thus exposing their main body to the direct fire of those who lined the woody borders of the road. Here they were met by a large body of men from Woburn, who, fired by patriotism, had ralUed in defence of the common cause. Loamml Baldwin, afterwards Colonel Baldwin, was one of that body. In Lincoln also. Cap tain Parker, who had coUected most of his men, came up with his company, and taking a position in the fields, poured Into the retreating enemy a galling and destructive fire, as they passed. Nor ceased the efforts of this gaUant band with a single discharge. They joined in the pursuit, determined to avenge the outrage of the morning ; and their loss in the afternoon In kUled and wounded is conclusive evidence that they did not shun the post of danger. In no part of the retreat were the British more sorely pressed. than in passing through Lincoln. Their loss was severe. Eight of their slain were buried in Lincoln grave-yard. The loss of the Americans was comparatively light ; though Captain Jonathan WUson, of Bedford, Nathaniel Wymauj of BUlerica, and Daniel Thompson, of Woburn, feU in this part of the field. The retreat here became a rout, the British making little resis tance other than what could be made in their rapid flight. As they entered the to-wn of Lexington, however, they made one more desperate effort to check the pursuers, and restore order in their broken ranks. Near the old VUes tavern, on the border of 196 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the town, they threw a detachment upon a high bluff on the north side of the road, to hold the Americans In check, tiU they could form their fugitives on Fiske HIU, about a hundred rods below. But the Americans by this time had acquired so much confidence In their own prowess, that they vigorously attacked the detach ment on the bluff, and drove them from their commanding posi tion. In the meantime Colonel Smith was attempting to raUy his men on Fiske HIU, or at least to restore something Uke order among his fugitives. De Bemlcre, who was with the detachment acting as their guide, informs us that after other efforts had failed, the officers placed themselves in front, and threatened every man -with instant death, who should leave the line. This desperate expedient partly succeeded, and many of the troops formed under a galling fire. An officer mounted on a fine, spirited horse, with a drawn sword In his hand, was seen actively engaged in rallying the fugitives, directing their movements, and attempting to restore order. A party of the Provincials having passed through the woods, concealed themselves behind a pile of raUs near where the British were attempting to form, and poured into their half- formed ranks a deadly voUey. The officer was unhorsed, and his affrighted animal leaping the wall, ran directly to those who had relieved him of his rider, and was taken by them. Colonel Smith was here severely wounded in the leg. This unexpected attack upon their flank, the ffight of the detachment driven from the bluff, and the hot pursuit of the Provincials, destroyed the last hope of the king's troops, who fled in the utmost confusion.^ At the foot of Fiske HiU on the easterly side, near the present residence of Mr. Dudley, a personal contest took place between Mr. James Hayward, of Acton, and a British soldier. The latter had stopped at the well to obtain a draught of water, and as the ardent Hayward, who was in front in the pursuit, approached, the Briton drew up his gun, and exclaimed, " You are a dead man ! " "And so are you," returned the youthful Hayward. They both ' Ripley, Shattuck, and Frothingham. The horse captured at Fiske HiU was with his trappings taken to Concord and sold at public auction. Captain Nathan Barrett bought the pistols, and afterwards offered them to General Washington, but he not accepting them, they were given to General Putnam. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 197 fired, and both feU — the former dead, the latter mortally wounded. He died the next day.^ The British were again attacked 'with great vigor and fatal effect in a wood near the old poor-house In Lexington. Their ammunition began to faU, and the troops were so oppressed with thirst and fatigue, as to be almost unfit for service. Their flight was so rapid that their kUled were left where they feU. Their wounded which they attempted to take with them, created great embarassment, and many were left behind. The troops broke, and disregarding aU order, each one looked out for himself alone. This was the condition of the British when they passed Lexington Common, on which they had shown such a haughty demeanor, and so much martial pride some eight or nine hours before. They were fatigued, dispirited, and almost exhausted ; and nothing but the timely arrival of Lord Percy 'with a reenforcement saved the detachment from utter ruin. The British accounts admit that the condition of Colonel Smith was perUous in the extreme, when Percy joined him. Mahon, an English historian, says of Smith's detachment, " Their utter destruction would have ensued, bad not General Gage sent forward that morning another detachment under Lord Percy to support them."^ .All accounts agree that the day was unusually warm for that season of the year, and so hotly were the British troops pressed on their retreat, that they were weU-nigh exhausted. Stedman, the British historian who attended Percy in this expedi tion, not only admits that " the British were driven before the Americans llke»sheep," but he says that when they arrived 'wdthin the hollow sqiiare formed by Percy's brigade to receive them, " They were obliged to lie down upon the ground, their tongues hanoing out of their mouths, Uke those of dogs after a chase." * It has already been stated that Colonel Smith on his way to Lexinoton from Boston, became alarmed, and sent a messenger to General Gage for a reenforcement. His message was received early in the morning, and about nine o'clock Gage dispatched three regiments of Infantry, and two di-vlsions of marines with two field-pieces, under Lord Percy, to support bun. Percy marched ' The powder horn worn by Hayward, and through which the fatal British ball passed, has been carefully preserved by the famUy. ' HUtory of England, vol. vi. p. 53. ' American War, vol. i. p. 118. 198 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. out through Roxbury to the tune of Yankee Doodle.^ To pre vent or Impede his march, the selectmen of Cambridge caused the planks of the old bridge, over which he was obUged to pass, to be taken up ; but Instead of remo-ving them to any distance, they were unwisely left upon the causeway on the Cambridge side of the river. Hence Percy found no difficulty in replacing them so as to enable his troops to cross. But a convoy of pro- -visions imder a sergeant's guard was detained, untU it was out of the protection of the main body, and measures were taken to cut it off, which was effectuaUy done in Menotomy. Gordon the historian, who -visited , the scene of action Immediately after the events occurred, ascribes the leadership in this movement to ' As the tune of " Yankee Doodle," was employed by the British in derision, at the commencement of the Revolution, it may be desirable to learn something of its origin and character. Strictly speaking, it is not to be classed -with our national airs ; yet it is played so often, is so associated with our national life, and so entwined -with our free institutions, that no liberty-loving jAmerican is 'willing to discard it. Though its faults may be obvious, they are all pardonable. Cynics may snarl, and wits may satirize it, but the people take it to their bosoms. The lovers of scientific music may denounce it, as low and vulgar, and unworthy of a refined and delicate taste ; but the truly democratic reply is " the sovereign people do not so understand it." They love the gay old tune, and -will not. give It up. They hail it as one of our free institutions, and are ready to stand by it. And the singular fact, that it has no acknowledged words, only gives it a versatility, which adapts it to every subject, and fits it for all occasions. The poetry in which it naturally flows, can be composed by almost every rhymester, and the tune luxuriates as freely in low doggerel, as in the sub lime stanzas of our greatest poets. It is equally at home in " Jove on high Olympus sat. And awed the world with thunder;" Or in " Yankee Doodle came to town. Biding on a pony;" and it is never embarassed in whatever dress it appears. It is also adapted to all occasions, and can with equal grace and propriety, cheer on the brave, or lampoon the laggard. In fact, " Yankee Doodle 's all the run. With every theme uniting; 'Tis fit for marching, frolic, fan, And just the thing for fighting." Rev. Elias Nason, a distinguished antiquary, in a Lecture on National Music, fraught with instruction and humor, says of Yankee Doodle : ' ' The tune you know is a ' Daughter of the Regiment,' coming to us by adop tion. Its parentage is involved in obscurity ; many cities, as in the case of Homer, claiming it. Some consider it an old vintage song of France ; the Span iards think their voices have echoed to its notes in early days ; the Magyars with BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 199 Rev. Dr. Payson, of Chelsea, while others ascribe it to one David Lamson, a half-breed Indian. Probably both statements are founded in fact. It is admitted that a courier came from Old Cambridge, who Informed the people of West Cambridge that these suppUes were on the way and urged them to Intercept them ; and that the people rallied, and made Lamson their leader at that place, while Payson might have been the instigator, and an active leader at some other point. A few of the citizens of West Cam bridge assembled, and under the leadership of Lamson, took a position behind a bank waU of earth and stone, and when the convoy made Its appearance near the meeting-house in that parish, they demanded a surrender, which being refused, they discharged Louis Kossuth, recognize in it one of their old national dances. England entertains some shadowy tradition of it, both before and during the times of Cromwell ; and the Dutchman claims it, as a low country song of tithes and Bonnyclabber, giving the original words — * Yanke didel, doodal, down, Didel, dudel, lanter; Yanke viver, vo'ver, vowd. Buttermilk and tanther (tithes).' " But whatever may have been the origin, this ' Daughter of the Regiment,' so far as I can learn, first appeared in America, on the banks of the Hudson in June, 1755, and was introduced into the American camp by one roguish Dr. Richard Shuckburg of the British Army, in this amusing way. Our Colonial companies, under Govemor Shirley, encamped on the left of the British, meanly disciplined and poorly clad, and marching after music quite two centuries old, increased of course the ridicule of their well equipped and fashionable trans atlantic brethren. To keep the sport along, this mischievous Dr. Shuckburg, wit, surgeon and fiddler as he was, tells the Americans that the music is too ancient, and that he will get up a tune in the modem style — and so he gave them 'Yankee Doodle.' The American soldiers called it 'mighty fine.' It struck a strong chord in the American heart, and was heard immediately, and nothing else was heard, throughout the camp and throughout the Colonies. "This tune became our battle-march, through the Revolution ; and though the British gave it to us in June, 1755, we gave it back to them with compound interest in June, 1775, at Bunker Hill ; and we baptized the bantling, which they gave us in derision, in the blood of heroes, placed upon it the name of rREEDOM, rocked it in Faneuil Hall, and took it home to dwell with us forever ! ' Independence now and forever ' rings through every note of it, and one never feels half so much like '76 itself, as when he hears it rolling. Hence the leaders of the Rebellion, after the pitiful policy of European kings, descend to the mean expedient of ostracising our national songs, in order to keep their wicked cause in countenance with the people. Yankee Doodle must be silenced before our brave old flag can be cut down ; so long as its old rolicsome notes roll out, the stars and stripes must and wUl float over us." 26 200 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. a voUey kiUing several of the horses. The affiighted drivers and the guard made their escape as best, they could. The wagons were taken possession of by the citizens, and were removed to a place of safety. It is said that six of the men attached to the teams were afterwards taken prisoners.^ Percy met the fugitives some half a mUe below Lexington Common about two o'clock. One of his field pieces was placed on a bluff or mound near the present site of the town haU, which has since been levelled for the erection of the buUding and the repairs of the highways ; and the other upon the high ground above the Munroe tavern and back of the residence of the late Dea. Nathaniel MuUiken. By this accession to the British force, and by the presence of the artiUery, the Americans were, for a short period, kept in check. Shots were fired from the field- pieces in every direction where any Provincials could be discov ered. Several shots were thrown Into the viUage — one of which passed through the meeting-house, and out at the pulpit window. The baU lodged in the back part of the Common ; It was preserved ' Smith's West Cambridge Address. After stating that six of these grenadiers surrendered to " an old woman digging dandelions," Mr. Smith says, " So to West Cambridge belongs the honor of making the first capture of provisions and stores, and also of prisoners, in the American Revolution." Granting the marvellous achievement of the old lady, which some may be disposed to question, the truth of history compels us to say, that he must have been misled in sup posing that these were the first prisoners taken that day. Percy did not leave Boston till about nine o'clock that morning, and coming out over the Neck, through Roxbury and Brighton, could not have reached West Cambridge before about the middle of the day ; as he did not reach the Munroe tavern in Lexing ton, till nearly two o'clock. His baggage was in his rear and was detained so long at the bridge, or by other misfortunes, as to be separated from the troops. It must have been twelve or one o'clock before they could have reached the centre of West Cambridge. Now, it is a well authenticated fact, that several British soldiers who fell in the rear of their main body, were captured at Lex ington, soon after the British left for Concord, which must have been as early as seven or eight o'clock that morning. See depositions of Wm. Monroe, John Monroe, Ebenezer Munroe, and James Reed of Burlington, to whose house the prisoners were sent. These deponents were all actors iu the scene of that morn ing and knew what they related. Gordon, who wrote a History of the Revolution, whose means of information were good, gives the following account of what happened at West Cambridge. "Before Percy's baggage reached the place, a few Americans, headed by Rev. Mr. Payson of Chelsea, who till then had been extremely pioderate, attacked a party of twelve soldiers carrying stores to the retreating troops, killed one and wounded several, made the whole prisoners, and gained possession of their arms and stores without any loss to themselves." Vol. i. p. 313. BATTLE OF LEXINGTON. 201 for some time, when It was passed over to Harvard College, and by some neglect It was taken away, and as far as we know is lost. Another ball was ploughed up some years after, on the farm owned and occupied by the late Benjamin Fiske, Esq. , on LoweU street. There must have been many cases of extreme bravery, of wise caution, of great exertion and of cruel suffering, which occurred that day. Nor is the glory due to the men alone. The women and children performed and endured their fuU share of labor and of suffering. We would joyfully give some instances of rare courage or personal foresight ; but the moment you go beyond the record you have such floods of traditionary lore, some prob able and some improbable, that you cannot distinguish fact from fiction ; and we had rather omit some incidents tolerably well au thenticated, than to falsify history by inserting the extravagant accounts of some credulous persons, who to magnify the worth of a famUy, or the honor of the town, would sweU mole hUls into mountains. We 'wtU state, however, what is true in general, that after the British had passed on to Concord, there was great apprehension for the safety of famUies ; and many who resided on the line of the great road, left their houses in dismay, and fled to distant neighbors, or in some cases to the woods, taking with them some valuables from their houses ; — and what is stUl more trying, in some cases mothers with their babes but a few days old, and the sick and infirm, who had been confined to their beds, were hurried away to places of safety. During this respite the harrassed troops were enabled to rest themselves, and, by entering the houses In the Immediate neigh borhood and seizing whatever they could lay their hands upon, to obtain some refreshment. But after pUlaging the houses, not only of what their hunger and thirst required, but of such articles of clothing, &c., as they could comfortably carry away, they wantonly destroyed the furniture and other property in and about the buUdings ; and to complete their works of vandalism, they set fire to several buUdings which were entirely consumed. Joseph Loring who resided on the place dUectly opposite the present town house, had his house and barn, valued at £350, laid In ashes, and other property to the amount of £370 was wantonly 202 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. destroyed. Lydia MuUiken had her house and shop, valued at £128, and other property to the amount of £303, destroyed. Joshua Bond lost his dwelling house and shop, and other prop erty valued at £189 16s. Id. WUUam Munroe lost In household fiimlture, goods in retaU shop, &c., destroyed, £203 lis. 9 See Hudson's History of Marlborough, pp. 181-185. TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION. 269 scheme prevaUed, and £50,000 were issued, and passed over to the towns in proportion to their share of the public tax. The sums thus apportioned to the towns, were committed to trus tees appointed by them, to be loaned out In small sums to indi viduals, who were to repay It at stated times with interest, and tills interest was to be appropriated to defray the public expenses. "But these biUs were constantly undergoing a depreciation. In 1702, an ounce of sUver would buy of these bUls 6s. 10c?. in 1705, 7s. ; in 1713, 8s. ; In 1716, 9s. M. ; In 1717, 12s. m 1722, 14s. ; in 1728, 18s. ; In 1730, 20s. ; in 1737, 26s. m 1741, 28s. ; and in 1749, 60s. " Another scheme was projected to support a paper currency by sUver coin, -viz. — ^A loan of £60,000 to be deposited with the to-wns as in the other case, but to be repaid in specie. To extin guish this paper currency, which had become exceedingly oppres sive, the home government Interposed, and Parliament, knowing that this paper had been Issued to carry on the wars of Great Britain against the French and Indians, passed an Act for reim bursing the Colonies In specie. The General Court provided by law for the rate at which these bills of credit should be redeemed ; and fixed it at about one-fifth less than their lowest current value ; that is, at fifty shillings for an ounce of sUver which was valued at 6s. ?)d., or an English crown. This was the origin of the ' Old Tenor ' reckoning — fifty shUUngs of paper equal to an ounce of silver, or 6s. %d. " As the design of this law was the abolition of the paper cur rency, and as the grant of Parliament was Insufficient to redeem the whole mass of paper that the Province had Issued, the re mainder was liquidated by a tax of £75,000, payable in bUls, at the above rate of fifty shilUngs in bills for 6s. %d. In specie. AU fiiture debts after March 31, 1750, It was enacted, should be understood to be contracted on the specie basis of 6s. 8d. per ounce of sUver. This was the origin of what has been known as ' Lawful Money ; ' three oimces of sUver being equal to £1, or 20s. " This restored the currency to a metallic basis, and to a uniform permanent value. Having passed this crisis of depreciation, the people enjoyed a sound and uniform circulating medium for more than twenty years. But the breaking out of hostUitles 270 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON with the mother country, imposed a new obligation upon thtf Province. War had commenced ; and means must be supplied to carry it on. Consequently the Provincial Congress in May, 1775, empowered the Treasurer to borrow one hundred thousand pounds la-wful money, secured by notes of the Province at six per cent, and made payable June 1, 1777. They also desired the other Colonies to give currency to such securities^ At the same time, they commended this subject to the consideration of the Continental Congress. " The Treasurer was required to issue no notes of a less denomi nation than £4 ; but It was found necessary to meet the wants of the army to have notes of a less denomination ; ' and the Pro- -visional Congress empowered the Treasurer to issue notes of six, nine, ten, twelve, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, eighteen and twenty shIUings — this emission not to exceed £26,000. Almost simul taneously with these Issues by the State, Continental bUls were issued by the General Government. For the first year these. blUs circulated freely, and were readily exchanged for cash. " But the continued Issue of such bills by the State and the nation, and the fact that they had no specie to redeem them ; the. dubious prospect of the result of the war, and the general exhaustion of the community, tended to depreciate their value- Add to this the British officers, and the adherents of the royal cause in the midst of us, took every opportunity, and had re course to every means, to impair the value of this paper. They represented, and with too much truth, that the Continental Con gress had no means by which to redeem their biUs ; and with great injustice, asserted that they never intended to provide for their redemption. Under the Influence of these causes, this paper money graduaUy depreciated in value, tlU It required about seventy-five pounds In paper to procure one in specie. Such a reduction in the value of the circulating medium, wrought great injustice, especially to those who subsisted on a salary, or labored for stated pay fixed beforehand. Many clergymen found by sad experience, that the salary which at their settlement was deemed sufficient, would hardly save them from starvation ; and the poor soldiers who enlisted at government pay for three years, found their wages hardly worth receiving, as wiU be seen by the fol lowing scale of depreciation. TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION. 271 A Table showing the Depreciation of Paper Money, from Janu,ary 1, 1777, to January 1, 1781, inclusive ;, in which the value of £,\, or 20 shillings in paper, will be seen for each month during the whole period. Tear. Month. g, d, gr, 1777 January 19 0 2 " February 18 8 3 " March 18 4 0 " April 17 10 1 " May 17 6 3 " June 16 " July 16 " August 13 " September 11 " October 7 " November 6 " December 6 1778 January 6 " February 5 Mar-h 5 April 6 May 5 June 6 July 4 August 4 September 4 October 4 November 3 December 3 Tear. Month. ' 8, d. qr. 1779 January 2 8 1 " February. 2 3 2 " March ..' 2 0 0 «' April ...1 9 3 " May 1 7 3 8 0 " June 1 6 3 0 0 " July. 1 4 3 4 0 " August 1 2 3 6 0 " September 1 1 1. 3 0 " October 11 3 8 0 " November 10 3 5 1 " December 9 1 11 1780 January 8 0 8 2 " February 7 1 4 0 " March 6 1 0 0 " April 6 0 0 0 " May 6 3 0 0 " June 6 3 8 1 " July 3 1 4 3 " August 3 1 2 2 " September 3 1 0 0 " October 3 1 8 0 " November 3 1 13 " December 3 1 1781 January 3 1 "The above scale of depreciation wUl enable us, at any period during these years, to estimate the worth in specie of paper money then in circulation. " It may not be amiss to state, that what was so embarrassing in Massachusetts, was stiU more so in aU the States south of the Potomac, where Uttle or nothing was done to sustain the credit of the country ; and that Massachusetts did more during the -whole period of the Revolution In men and money than any other State. By an official Report from the Treasury Depart ment at Washington, made in 1790, it appears that the amount of money, including paper reduced to Its specie value, which had been received from, and paid to the several States by the 35 272 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON General Government from the commencement to the close of the Revolution, was as foUows : states. Paid to State, Received from State, New Hampshire $440,974 $466,564 Massachusetts 1,246,737 3,167,020 Rhode Island 1,028,611 310,395 Connecticut 1,016,273 1,607,269 New York 822,803 1,645,889 New Jersey 336,729 612,916 Pennsylvania 2,087,276 2,629,410 Delaware 63,817 208,878 Maryland 609,617 945,637 Virginia 482,881 1,965,811 North Carolina 788,031 219,835 South Carolina 1,014,808 499,326 Georgia 679,412 122,744 " Thus it wiU be seen, that whUe Massachusetts paid into the Continental Treasury during the Revolution $1,921,283 more than she received back, the five States of Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South CaroUna, and Georgia, paid only $178,503 more than they received; so that Massachusetts in fact contributed a balance towards the support of the war more than ten times as great as these five States united." If Massachusetts received from the General Government a large su?p, it was because she furnished more soldiers than any other Sta^t^j except Pennsylvania. As compared with Virginia, Massachus^s, -with half the population of the Old Dominion, fumished nearly three times as many soldiers. Divide the whole number of men in the service by seven, the length In years of the war, and it would give Massachusetts an average for each year of 9,701, and Virginia only 3,953. No wonder under circumstances like these, that towns found it difficult to fiU then- quotas. No wonder that soldiers who had enlisted for three years, on a pay founded upon a sUver basis, were unwUUng to reenllsl;, when they found that their pay by the depreciation of the cmfency, had become nearly valueless^ With hostUe fleets upon our o^sts, and hostUe armies upon our soU ; with a feeble army poorly^d and clothed, whose term of service was about to expire ; and'with crippled resources and a TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION. 273 currency nearly worthless, so as not to command recruits, no wonder the towns felt themselves greatly embarrassed. Lex ington in common with other towns had to strain every nerve, and put forth her best energies. It was not the want of patriotism, but the want of an adequate compensation, that led the young to hesitate to enter the service. It was not the want of generosity, but the want of means, that prevented the good people of Lexington offering such a compensation as would induce men to enlist at once. But the records show that they did exert themselves, in a becoming manner ; and if they failed In part in doing what seemed to be right and proper, it is due to them to say, that they succeeded in a great degree under cir cumstances which would have overwhelmed almost any other people. The burdens under which the people of the town labored, and the efforts they made to discharge th^ir obUgations, and fill their quotas of men for the army, wUl readUy be seen in the foUowing extracts from the town Records. " June 26, 1780. Voted, That the sum of £14,000 be raised to hire the taen required of this town for the army." "July 16, 1780. Voted, That £6,000 be granted to. purchase the beef required of this town for the army." Dec. 4, 1780, the Assessors reported to the Selectmen " That they had assessed the war tax of June and July, of £28,091 is. 8d. ; also the beef tax of £Q,036 5s. 5d. ; also the town tax of £2,010 5s. 5d." " Dec. 19, 1780. Voted, That £6,000 be raised to purchase the re mainder of the beef for the army." " Jan. 7, 1781. Voted the sum of £27,000 to enable the Committee to hire men for the town's quota of the Continental army." *' Voted to raise £13,000 to pay the 6 months' and the 3 months' men, hired by the Committee last summer to reenforce the army." "Feb. 20, 1781. Voted, That the town will give the men who shall engage for the army, each fifteen head of cattle for their services upon the following conditions, viz.' If they serve one year, they shall receive yearling cattle, if two years, then cattle of two years old, if three years, then they shall receive cattle of three years old." These votes speak for themselves. And the record further shows, that the people exerted themselves to the utmost to carry these votes into effect. At their meetings, which In some cases 274 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON were held weekly, they appointed committee upon committee — one to obtain the men, one to borrow money, one to aid the CoUectors in coUecting the taxes, one to obtain the beef for the army, and another to report upon the best means to be adopted to ftirther the great end. With the increase of the obstacles, they renewed their efforts. One led on by hope and another confiding in despair — each and every one exerted their best energies to sustain the cause of their common country — the cause of human rights. WhUe we pity the poor soldiers, who, from the depreciation of the currency, found their pay an inadequate compensation for their arduous services, and admire the patriotism displayed in their righteous cause, we must admit that as a whole the people did what they could to aUevIate their sufferings and those of their families at home. We therefore look back with profound admi ration upon the zeal and self-sacrifice of that day. And when we consider the awful price our fathers paid for freedom, we cannot, and ought not to -withhold our execration of the traitors who have recently attempted to destroy these blessed institutions — the fruits of our fathers' toUs and sufferings. The history of the world does not furnish an instance of a rebelUon so unpro voked and causeless, so unjustifiable and base, as that of the slaveholders in their recent attempt to overthrow our institutions. After a great expenditure of blood and treasure — after trials, sufferings and privations, such as are unkno-wn, and consequently unappreciated by us their descendants, our fathers were at last blessed with Uberty and independence. But they came out of the struggle, exhausted in their resources, and embarrassed by new and perplexing difficulties. Poverty, disorder approaching anarchy, and a compUcation of new and difficult political ques tions, stared them in the face. As the country had been carried through the eventfiil stmggle of the Revolution by the voice and efficient support of the primary assembUes, so now, after the treaty of peace, it was deemed important that the small towns should speak out. Lexington, which had been free to express her opinion before and during the Revolution, was -willing to look any new difficulty in the face. Parson Clarke had a real izing sense of the condition of the country, and of the necessity of wise and pmdent counsels ; and hence In 1783, he spoke TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION. 275 through a Committee of citizens in Instructions to Benjamin Brown, Esq., the Representative to the General Court. " Sir: — Having given the strongest evidence of our esteem and confi dence in electing you to represent this Town in the General Court of this Commonwealth, it is not to call in question either your Capacity, Dispo sition or Fidelity, that we assume the right of Instructing our Represen tative ; but rather to assure you of that hearty concurrence and support . which you. may be certain to meet with from your constituents, in those measures for the public good which your own wisdom, prudence and love of Liberty and your Country, would naturally suggest at such a time as this. "It is true under God, by the Wisdom, Firmness, Patriotism and Bravery of the people of this, and the United States of America, we have been happily carried through a contest, in which all we held dear as a free people was at stake, and in less time and at less expense of Blood and Treasure than the most sanguine expectations of the most discerning and judicious among us promised, and efi'ected a Revolution great in itself, and glorious in the eyes of the astonished World ! " Much however remains yet to be done, to perfect the work ; andperhaps there never was a time, not even in the height of the contest, or depth of our distress, when Attention, Firmness, Penetration, Wisdom and Integ rity were more necessary than the present. This year appears to us to be a most interesting, critical, and important period ; and upon the course taken, and measures adopted and pursued at this period, the establishment of our Rights and Liberties, as freemen, free and sovereign States, and an independent Nation, as well as the Blessing of Peace upon a permanent basis, will in a great measure depend. " Among other important concerns which may engage your attention, we beg leave to recommend the following, as what appears to us to demand the most critical notice, and serious consideration : — the case of those persons who in the late contest with Britain have left their country, and joined the Enemy. By the Articles in the Provisional Treaty of Prelimi naries for a Peace between the United States and Great Britain, it is ex pressly agreed, ' that Congress shall earnestly recommend to the Legisla tures of the respective States,' that persons of the above described char acter, ' shall have fi-ee liberty to go to any part or parts of the thirteen United States, and therein remain twelve months unmolested in their en deavors to obtain the restoration of their estates, rights, i&c.' " While we sincerely wish that the faith of the nation, solemnly plighted by the Plenipotentiaries of the United States, might be realized and regarded with the most sacred attention, we also vrish that the freedom, independence and sovereignty of the States respectively, might not be forgotten. " The words of the Treaty evidently suppose, that when Congress, in compliance with the stipulations in favor of persons of the above described character, ' have earnestly recommended the matter to the Legislatures of 276 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON the several States,' the Right of decision remains entirely and absolutely with them. The States severally are submitted to as the sole judges, and upon their determination their fate must rest — from them there is no appeal. " Not to mention the hard names and opprobrious characters of Con spirators, Traitors and Rebels, nor to lay any stress upon the question who among them are most or least deserving — there is one thing in which they are all alike, and without exception in the same predicament ; and .this suggests a rule, and points out a line of conduct for these States, which appears to us obvious, rational, just and necessary — and a rule equally applicable to all persons of the above characters. They have left the society — they have left the country by which they held their property — by which they were protected in, and to which they owed. Liberty, Property and Life ; and they have joined the Enemy, and put themselves, not only into their power, but also under their protection. By this one act, without any coloring or aggravation, it appears to us, they have for feited all claim to privilege, property or protection in the society. State, or States they have left. The estate or property they have heretofore held, under the protection of the society or State to which they belonged, of course reverts to the State, and reason and common sense, the Laws of Nature and of Nations concur to pronounce them, one and all. Aliens from the Commonwealth. " This alone, we humbly conceive, is an argument both clear and con clusive against their return to us, and the protection of their estates ; and at the same time points out a line of conduct both just and necessary — and is no more than putting a sanction upon their own choice. " Many other arguments might be fairly urged against their return, and their admission as citizens of the States they have left ; as that they have by leaving and joining the enemy, weakened our cause and strengthened the enemy, and have sought and done wliat was in their power to subjugate us to the British yoke : That it is both unnatural and unjust, that such per sons should share in the privileges which they have to their utmost endeav ored to destroy : That if they should be restored, and their estates retumed to them, they will be very dangerous to the peace of society, and the lib erties of this country : And we may add, that as to the idea of admitting some and rejecting others, it is easy ta see that wisdom would be puzzled to draw the line, and determine when and where to stop. " We would further recommend to you to use your endeavors to procure a more thorough inquiry into the state of the Public Debt, both State and Continental; that the public accounts may be adjusted and properly^ arranged. To restore and establish the credit of State Notes and Securi ties, and fund for punctual payment of the interest of them. " We also wish that every proper measure may be taken to promote economy in all grants, and in all disposals of public money, and at the same time that merit be duly noticed and rewarded, and the public faith be preserved, where solemnly plighted, and the most watchful care be taken that all unnecessary expenditures, in pensions or otherwise, may be pre vented. TO THE CLOSE OF THE REVOLUTION. 277 " We would suggest to you the importance, in a free government, of the encouragement of Literature in all branches of science and useful knowl edge, and particularly of the University of Cambridge, and Public Schools and Seminaries of Learning ; — and as the General Court is the great Inquest of the Commonwealth, to promote an inquiry into the causes of the too general neglect and contempt of the law for Grammar Schools in the several Towns. " In all your proceedings, we trust we need not urge that a sacred re gard to the Rights of the Community, an excellent Constitution, and the Articles of the Confederation of the United States of America, is at all times both becoming and necessary." We have seen the efforts made by the people of Lexington to carry on the war, but we have found them true to the cause In which they were engaged. Particularly have we seen them inculcating the soundest principles of constitutional Uberty. The experience of the world has shown that It Is easier to throw off the yoke of foreign oppression, than it is to establish a system of civU government, adapted to the wants of a free people. But In this Commonwealth, the people in the very midst of a revolu tion framed a Constitution of government remarkable for its wisdom ; and we have the pleasure of seeing that the people of Lexington were alive to the subject, and active In establishing a government which has proved a blessing to the community. Nor were the people of Lexington behind the rest of the com munity In their efforts to establish a government of laws. Reared up under the wise counsel of a prudent statesman, they were never disturbed by tories, nor by those wUd visionaries who think that Uberty consists in throwing off all restraint. The people, as a body, were peaceable and, law-abiding, and equally ready to resist tyrants or to sustain rulers duly elected in con formity to the laws of the land. They were devotees of liberty, but it was Uberty regulated by law. They were warm advocates for a weU regulated freedom, exempt from tyranny on the one hand, and Ucentiousness on the other. CHAPTEE X. FROM THE PEACE OP 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. Population in 1783 —Embarrassment of the People — Shays' Rebellion — Instruction to Representatives — A New Meeting House erected — Jay's Treaty — Death of Mr. Clarke — Settlement of Mr. Williams — Resolu tions on National Affairs — Green's Oration — Mr. WiUiams dismissed- The Great Bridge rebuilt — The Fourth of .Tuly celebrated — Reception of Lafayette — Phinney's Address — His History of Lexington Battle — Adams's Letter in Defence of Acton — Stetson's Oration. Though the war of the Revolution had been a period of trial and anxiety to the people of the Commonwealth, the period which followed the war was in many respects quite as trying. The heavy debt of the nation. State and towns, incurred during the seven years' war, and the embarrassments of Indi-riduals arising from the same cause and from the depreciation of paper money, produced a depression of business and a state of monetary affairs bordering upon bankruptcy. From this general embarrassment, Lexington was not exempt. Up to this time the people had been subjects of Great Britain, or involved In a contest with that country ; but thenceforward they were freemen. But there were causes which operated against the increase of population. A considerable number who had served In the army, from the town, did not return to Lexington to become permanent citizens ; and others who had resided In town during the war, owing to the depressed state of business and pecuniary embarrassments, left the place to seek their for tunes elsewhere. These causes served to keep the popiUation nearly stationary for a considerable period. The Town Records for some years present nothing of special interest. The burden of the Town Meetings was to obtain means to discharge the debts contracted during the war. The year 1786 was memorable for what has generaUy been denoml- HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 279 nated, ^'Shays' RebelUon." The pecuniary embarrassment of which we have spoken, and the heavy taxes which were neces- sarUy imposed, gave color to the plea that unnecessary burdens were imposed upon the people. On the 2 2d of August a con vention of delegates from fifty towns in the county of Hampshire met at Hatfield, and adopted measures looking to the resistance of the laws. A large number of men assembled at Northamp ton, took possession of the Court House, and prevented the sitting of the Court. The Governor issued a proclamation, caU ing upon all officers and citizens to suppress such treasonable proceedings, but to little or no purpose. At Worcester and Concord the Courts were interrupted. The Legislature passed several acts relieving the people as far as was practicable. But the insurgents, headed by Daniel Shays, who had been a Cap- ¦ tain in the Continental Army, to the number of about three hundred, marched to Springfield In December, and took posses sion of the Court House, and so prevented the sitting of the Court at that place. To meet this emergency, four thousand troops were ordered out for thirty days, unless sooner discharged. Of this force, eight hundred were from the county of Middlesex. They were put under the command of General Lincoln. Though the insurgents appeared In martial array at Worcester, Spring field, and several other places, there was never any direct col UsIon between the troops and the insurgents, though a few shots were fired, and three or four of the Insurgents were kUled. Shays was driven from Springfield, and his force was soon dis persed at Petersham, where one hundred and fifty were taken prisoners, which terminated the rebellion.^ The precipitate flight of Shays on the appearance of General Lincoln's troops at Petersham, gave rise to much ridicule, and many sallies of wit. In one of the doggerel ballads of the day, his flight is thus characterized : "When he came to the river of Styx, Where Charon kept the Ferry; He called for a speedy passage o'er. For he durst no longer tarry." ' Daniel Shays was bom in Hopkinton, 1747. After his rebellion was crushed, he fled to Vermont, and afterwards moved to Sparta, N. Y., where he died September 29, 1825, aged eighty-four. He was a pensioner of the United States. 36 280 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON Though the scene of this rebelUon was not laid in Lexington, the inhabitants of this town did not refrain altogether from a participation in the affair. In response to an Address from the to-wn of Boston, touching the subject of this Insurrection, the people of Lexington, in town meeting assembled, October 16, 1786, expressed their condemnation of aU such lawless proceed ings, and promised their co-operation in all suitable measures to put down the rebeUIon, and sustain the honor and authority of the Government. Captain WiUiam Munroe, with a body of men, marched towards the scene of action ; but the flight of Shays rendered any further movement unnecessary, and he returned. On the tenth of March, 1787, the General Court appointed a Commission, empowered, on certain conditions, to receive the submission of the insurgents. About eight hundred came in. and submitted themselves, and were not further proceeded against. Fourteen were tried and convicted. They were sever ally sentenced to death, and some were even brought to the place of execution ; but they were all ultimately pardoned. WhUe the State was thus embarrassed by its debts, and the people were borne down with pecuniary burdens, the citizens of Lexington freely expressed their sentiments In instructions to their Representative, which show the points of discussion before the public. At a meeting held March 28, 1787, their Representative was instructed, ' to adhere strictly to the Constitution, to oppose the emission of any paper money, to restore public credit, to oppose the removal of the seat of government from Boston, to urge the Imposition of impost duties on foreign articles, and to urge that heavy penalties be Imposed upon those who exact excessive interest on money loaned.' December 10, 1787, Benjamin Brown, Esq., was chosen a delegate to the State Convention to ,ratlfy the Constitution of the United States. At a meeting held AprU 4, 1791, Rev. Jonas Clarke, Benja min Brown, Esq., and Captain Joseph Simonds were elected a committee to present a memorial to Congress asking them to erect a monument over the remains of those persons who were slain on the 19th of AprU, 1775. FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. 281 In 1792, great excitement prevailed in to-wn in consequence of the prevalence of that dangerous and loathsome disease, the smaU pox. In 1793, the subject of buUding a new meeting-house began to be agitated. At a meeting held March 11, 1793, It was "voted unanimously to buUd a New Meeting-House, and to set It in the most convenient place, near the present Meeting-House." His Excellency Governor Hancock, learning that the people of Lexington, for whom he always manifested a strong attach ment, were about to buUd a new meeting-house, generously placed a hundred doUars at their disposal to aid them in the en terprise ; for which he received " the thanks of said inhabitants, for this fresh instance of his friendship and affection to the town, in which the memory of his pious ancestors Is stUl held in vene ration, and the name of Hancock will ever be precious." May 23, 1793, the town voted to build a new meeting-house, and to have two porches and a tower to the proposed house. Thus far the town proceeded with great unanimity. They aU •wanted a new meeting-house. They aU desired it to be located on the Common. But when they came to minor points, as is usual on such subjects, a difference of opinion arose. To-wn meeting after town meeting was held, to decide whether the house should be set a few feet more or less from the old meeting house ; whether it should "face due south," or "down the great road ; " whether there should be one porch or two ; or whether it should be painted " pea-green " or some other color. But these questions were finaUy adjusted by voting to set the house " twenty feet back of the sIUs of the old house," and that it should "face half-way between south and south-east." But it does not appear that these differences obstructed the march of improvement ; for in anticipation of a new house, th?y positively directed their committee to provide those indispensable append ages of a meeting-house, horse-blocks. Smile not at the rustic manners of our fathers ; for you must know that in those days the ladles rode to meeting on horseback behind their husbands or brothers, and were much more punctual in attendance than people are at the present day, with handsome carriages to ride in. In those days a pillion was a necessary part of a young lady's out fit, and many a beUe has been seen riding to a baU behind her 282 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON intended, upon a piUion of her own furnishing. And at church, how could a lady mount her horse, behind her gentleman, unless she had a horse-block to ascend ? These horse-blocks may be considered^almost in the Ught of an Institution ; and a sounding- board over the pulpit and a horse-block near the house, were almost as important as the house itself. The house being finished was dedicated on the 15th of Janu ary, 1795. About the same time, the pews were sold at auction. The size of the house appears not to be a matter of record. The number of pews below was fifty-four, and the number In the gallery was twenty-four. The aggregate sale amounted to $5,887. Besides these pews, there were seats In the body of the house ; and a seat reserved for the negroes. This meeting-house was situated on the south-easterly end of the Common, near the present liberty pole. When the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between-the United States and Great Britain, commonly called Jay's Treaty, was made known to the American people, it met •with decided opposition. On the 13th of August, 1795, the Inhabitants of Lexington met in town meeting for the purpose of considering thajt treaty. When the treaty was read, it was referred to a Committee, of which Rev. Jonas Clarke was Chairman. This drew from Mr. Clarke an able paper, in which he condemns the treaty, and shows the impoUcy of many of Its pro-visions. As the subject has long since passed by, and as our space Is limited, we reluctantly exclude It from our pages. We wIU however say, that It fully sustains the character of Its author for abUity and watchful devotion to what he beUeved to be the true interest of his country, and his paper was unanimously adopted by the town. Nor was Lexington alone in opposing that treaty. It drew from many of our soundest men severe condemnation. It was assaUed by argument and by wit — in .prose and in verse. One scribbler vents his spleen thus : " Grenville and Pitt with Jonney Jay, Have fairly bargained us away." In the misunderstanding between France and the United States In 1797 and 1798, Congress had under consideration the subject of arming merchant vessels, that they might defend FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. 283 themselves against French depredations. The Inhabitants of Lexington in town meeting assembled, adopted a memorial to Congress, expressing their apprehension that such a measure would be fraught with danger ; that it would be committing the peace of the nation into the hands of any and every master or commander of a vessel, so armed and commissioned; who, through Ignorance, prejudice, resentment or design, might commit acts of hostiUty, and so Involve the nation in war, in contravention of the Constitution, which makes Congress the sole judge of the propriety of declaring war, after a fuU consid eration of the subject. This memorial Is the last paper, found upon the town records, prepared by their faithful pastor and enUghtened statesman, Mr. Clarke. Few towns are able to fiirnish from their records, papers so numerous, elaborate, and able as Lexington ; and if she has whereof to boast, nothing, save the heroic part she acted on the 19th of AprU, 1775, can stand in preference to the able state papers which emanated from her viUage clergyman. The nineteenth century opens upon Lexington with a popula tion of 1,006, being sixty-five more than In 1790. Nothing of importance occurred In the to-wn for some years. Having re covered In a good degree from the pecuniary embarrassments growing out of the Revolution, the people became more Uberal In their appropriations for schools, highways, and other objects, which mark the progress of civilization. In 1805, the town experienced a severe loss In the death of their devoted and dis tinguished pastor. Rev. Jonas Clarke. They manifested their regret, and respect for his memory by bearing the expense of his funeral, and caring for his famUy after his decease. Mr. Clarke died, November 15, 1805, being in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and In the fifty-first year of his ministry.^ In October, 1807, the church, acting separately from the town, as was then the custom in aU the Congregational churches, voted to caU Mr. Avery WiUiams, and submitted their action to the town, which voted unanimously to concur -with the church. The town voted to offer him a salary of seven hundred doUars, and one thousand dollars as a settlement, — he relinquishing all ' For an account of his character and services, see " Ecclesiastical History," and for an account of his family, see " Genealogies of the Lexington Families." 284 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON claim upon the ministerial lands and fund. Mr. WUliams ac cepted the call, and was ordained, December 30, 1807. The town made ample pro-rislon for the occasion, as appears by the fact that they paid Amos Muzzy, Jr., $139.78 for entertaining the CouncU. On the 4th of July, 1809, the people of Lexington celebrated the Thirty-third Anniversary of our Independence. Benjamin Greene, Esq., deUvered an oration. In which he made the foUo-wIng allusion to the town of Lexington and her martyred citizens : "If there ever was a time when it might be more than ordinarily the duty of posterity to recount the wonderful achievements, and to call to mind the insurmountable fortitude and perseverance of their ancestors ; and if there ever was a place peculiarly appropriate to this important pur pose, surely this is the time, this is the place. For here the thunders of British oppression, which had been accumulating for years, like the fulmi nating bolt from the dark and condensed tempest, burst its barriers, dis gorging its direful efifects upon the innocent victims of its cruel and relent less rage ; and here' the soil of freedom was first moistened with the blood of her sons. " That frail monument shall moulder to the dust, and be mingled with the corporeal of those whose names it is designed to j^erpetnate. But their names shall be remembered and repeated by the last of freedom's race. By their blood they have consecrated this place ; and on the wings of their fame have they borne the name of Lexington through every region of the globe." The health of Rev. Mr. WUliams declining, and a journey South faUing to restore him, the town, after supplying the pulpit for several months at then: own expense, in September, 1815, came into an agreement with Mr. WiUiams, by which his con nection -with the parish should terminate — they paying bim six hundred doUars. The subject of the " Great Bridge " between the to-vras of Cambridge and Brighton, which had annoyed the people of Lex ington for about a century, and which required of them an annual tax for repairs, appeared In 1815 In a form more oppressive. The bridge was rebuilt at a cost of $1,727, of which Lexington was required to pay $356.64 — a tax sufficiently oppressive when it Is considered that few if any of the inhabitants of the town ever passed over it. FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. 285 During the war of 1812 with Great Britain, party politics ran high In the State. Lexington was strongly Republican. In 1814, the 4th of July was celebrated In the town with great show and parade. By eleven o'clock, four or five thousand peo ple had assembled. A procession was formed, which moved to the meeting-house, escorted by a detachment of Colonel Loring's Fourth Regiment. The services at the church were as follows : Prayer, by Rev. Edmund Foster ; reading of the Declaration of Independence, by Gen. Joseph B. Varnum ; Oration, by Hon. Timothy FuUer. The assembly was honored by the presence of Gen. Henry Dearborn, and several other officers of the army under his command. The presence of Hon. Elbrldge Gerry, Vice President of the United States, added to the interest of the occasion. Gen. Varnum presided at the table. That the ladies might participate In the festivities of the occasion, a spacious marquee was erected on the Green, and a social tea party was formed. At least a thousand persons partook of the bounties of the table. In the evening a splendid baU was given In the marquee, which was tastefuUy fitted up for the purpose. Many distinguished men of the Republican party, among whom were Hon. Judge Dana, Hon. Benjamin Austin, Hon. George Blake, and Hon. WiUiam Eustis, honored the occasion by their presence. It was truly a proud day for Lexington. The Orator of the day aUudes to Lexington In this thrlUing strain : " This glorious spot, the "hallowed scene of this day's devotion ; this happy, favored spot, beheld the first precious, ruddy drops, shed to redeem our country. Yonder sacred pedestal, the faint emblem of our gratitude, declares the names of the first victims of British injustice. But long after that shall have crumbled to dust, the faithful page of history, the hearts of a grateful people shall engrave the deeds, and transmit the glorious record to remotest ages." But Lexington did not confine her support of the government and of the war in which we were engaged, to mere words. She, made provision for the soldiers who might volunfeer, or be called out by the national or State government, voting them five dollars bounty, and a sum which would make up their pay to sixteen doUars a month, including the amount offered by the General Government. 286 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON In 1821, in order to keep up -with the times, and make a Uttle more noise in the world, the town voted to exchange their church bell for a larger one. As Lafayette, the distinguished Frenchman, who had served us so faithfuUy In our Revolution, and by mUitary and civil talents had contributed so much towards the estabhshment of our Independence, had consented to become the guest of a gratefiil country during his sojourn in America ; and as he would probably desire to visit aU the places memorable in the great patriotic struggle in which he had so nobly participated. It was natural to suppose that he would delight to visit the spot which was distin guished as the birth-place of American Liberty. And the good people of Lexington, true to the spirit of their fathers, extended to the hero and sage a cordial invitation to visit the place, and receive the congratulations of the admiring throng. To enable the whole people to participate as far as possible In paying a tribute of gratitude and heartfelt admiration, the subject was laid before the inhabitants In town meeting assembled. On the 30th of August, 1824, It was " Voted, That the Board of Selectmen, together with Messrs. Abijah Harrington, John Muzzey, Elias Phinney, James Brown, Samuel Down ing and Christopher Reed, be a Committee to make arrangements to give General Lafayette a suitable reception in this place. " Voted, That the Committee be authorized to draw upon the Tovni Treasurer for any sum of money that may be necessary to defray the expense of the preparation to receive the General." This vote of the town, giving their Committee the power to draw from the Treasury without limitation, shows the state of feeUng which pervaded the country at that time. Lafayette was the guest of the nation, and the entire people were disposed to show him the greatest possible respect. The recollection of his patriotic and valuable services in the field, and the no less valuable services In procuring aid from the French government, endeared him to every American ; and wherever he went he was haUed with joy and admiration. His tour through the country was rapid, and was marked everywhere by the most heartfelt demonstrations of gratitude and admiration. Caval cades moved forward to meet him, cannon announced his approach, beUs rang out their merry peals of congratulation and FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR 1830. 287 welcome, triumphant arches were thrown across the streets on which he was to pass, flags tastefuUy entwined, or thrown openly to the breeze, testified to the universal joy which the community felt. Never did a conqueror, returning from his victorious exploits, receive such heartfelt adulation. The pageantry attend ing the tour of monarchs through their dominions, escorted and protected by their hireling bands of armed men, of which history furnishes many examples, are mere empty show, ostentatious parade, or feigned adulation, at which the heart sickens, when compared with the sincere and voluntary homage paid to this illustrious man, by every friend of liberty throughout the land. On the 2d of September, 1824, Lafayette honored Lexington with his presence. Attended by his voluntary suite, he left Boston for our peac^ul village. At the line of the town he was received by a troop of horse, and a cavalcade of citizens, who escorted him to the Common. Here was a beautiful arch of evergreen and flowers, with a motto, — "Welcome, Friend of America, to the Birthplace of American Liberty." The Common was tastefuUy decorated with flags, and a large concourse of people had assembled to do honor to one who had done so much for our country. Among those thus assembled, were the children from the schools, and fourteen of the gallant men who had participated in the battie of the 19th of AprU, 1775. After entering the Common, under the arch before mentioned, the procession moved to the Monument, where the following patriotic and eloquent speech of welcome, was delivered by Major Elias Phinney, of Lexington : "General: — In behalf of the Committee of Arrangements and the Inhabitants of Lexington, allow me to tender you the assurance of their most respectful and cordial welcome to this town. Impressed with a sense of the important services you have rendered this country, they meet you on this occasion, and upon this memorable spot, with hearts swelling with every emotion which a generous love for your exalted character, and a gratefid remembrance of the distinguished lustre of your deeds can inspire. " On this hallowed ground, consecrated by the blood of the first martyrs to liberty, was kindled that flame which roused the nation to arms, and conducted them through peril and blood to a glorious Independence. Here a small band of patriots hurled the first signal of defiance to a host in arms, and taught the enemies of their country the appalling truth, that Americans dared to die in defence of their rights. 37 288 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON "These hardy and virtuous yeomanry of the country ofier you the sincere tribute of their warmest afiections. Among them your presence has awakened emotions too powerful for utterance. With the name of Lafayette is associated every comfort which sweetens the fruit of their toil, every charm which crowns the altar of domestic happiness. Under the shadow of that glorious fabric, which your hands have assisted in rearingi they repose in peace and security. "Permit me. Sir, in common with grateful millions, to express our earnest solicitations that a life which has for so many years been stead fastly devoted to the cause of national liberty — which has so long encoun tered, without dismay, the frowns of arbitrary power, may be preserved for many years to come, a blessing and an honor to mankind ; and when .you. Sir, and your brave associates in the war of the Revolution, shall have ceased from your earthly labors^ instead of the fathers, may their children rise up to bless your memory, and emulate your virtues." The General, with great sensibility, expressed his warmest thanks for the flattering attention he had received from the people of Lexington, and the satisfaction and pleasure he felt in standi ing upon the soil consecrated by the blood of patriots to the glorious cause of freedom throughout the world ; and the high gratification he experienced in beholding the surviving remnant of that heroic band, which here inaugurated that resistance to tyrants, which is obedience to God. After these ceremonies were over, the General was introduced to fourteen of the Spartan band who had rallied Under the gallant Parker, on the memorable 19th of April, half a century before, to assert the rights of freemen in the face of a haughty foe. After exchanging cordial gi-eetlngs with the citizens assembled on the Green, they partook of a collation prepared for the occa^ sion. Every thing went off agreeably, and the day wUl long be remembered by those who were present. At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lexington, held December 13, 1824, a Committe was appointed, consisting of Hon. Nathan Chandler, Rev. Charles Briggs, Ellas Phinney, Amos Muzzy, Abijah Harrington, Benjamin O. Wellington, Charles Reed, John Muzzy, and Francis Bowman, Jr., Esquires, to collect and present to the public a statement of such facts relative to the affair at Lexington on the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, as may be supported by undoubted testimony, and which may be calculated to place the transactions of that day, before the public, in their true Ught. FROM THE PEACE OF 1783 TO THE YEAR*" 1830. 289 This measure was adopted in consequence of publications which claimed for Concord the leading honors of the 19th of April, 1775. These writers claimed that " at Concord the first blood was shed between the British and the armed Americans," and " that the first forcible resistance " was made at the North Bridge In Concord. Elias Phinney, Esq,, acting for the com mittee, of which he was a member, prepared and published In 1825, a succinct and well digested history of the events of that day, so far at least as Lexington was concerned, — showing conclusively that the first blood on both sides was shed at Lexing ton, and that though the British at Lexington as at Concord fired first, several of Captain Parker's men returned the fire. These statements were fully substantiated by the affidavits of several persons who were present and acting on that occasion. The pamphlet of Major Phinney, written with ability and can^ dor, went far towards settling that controversy. The lists of the casualties of that day decide most conclusively who were at posts of danger, and who were in the forefront of the battle. WhUe Lexington with a single company had ten killed and ten wounded, Concord with two companies had no one killed and only four or five wounded, and one of them a citizen pursuing his ordinary occupation. Concord, rather unfortunately for her fame, subsequently engaged in a controversy with Acton, relative to the events of that day. Josiah Adams, Esq., a native of Acton, delivered a Centennial Address in his native town In 1835, in which he defended Captain Davis, who fell gallantly leading the column to the Bridge occupied by the British troops ; and in doing this he called jn question th^ claims of Concord, relative to the honors of the day. This defence of Captain Davis gave offence to the citizens of Concord, and a controversy ensued which drew from Mr. Adams a spicy letter to Lemuel Shattuck, Esq. , the author of the History pf Coieord, in which he showed eoiiplilT sively that to Captain Davis and his Acton company belonged the principal honor of the affair at the North Bridge.' ' Mr. Adams, in his publications, maintains with great force that on the hill where the Provincials were assembled, the Concord companies both ranked the Acton company ; that they were paraded on the right near the road leading to the Bridge ; that both seniority of rank, and position on the field, would 290 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. In 1825, the citizens of Lexington celebrated the Fourth of July in a becoming manner. Rev. Caleb Stetson delivered the Oration, which was replete with patriotic, sentiments. After paying a general tribute to the heroic, self-sacrificing spirit of our fathers who achieved our independence, the speaker alludes to Lexington in the following peroration : " But there are local associations coming home to our hearts, awakening an Intense and absorbing interest. We can never forget that In this village, in the little band that stood In fearless array with the gallant Parker, the spirit of resistance to British oppression' was first roused to action. Here was shed that blood In which the Declaration of Independence was written." Alluding to those who fell on the 19th of April, he said : " Their memory is the legacy of mankind. It wUl descend with power and pathos to the bosoms of distant posterity. Yonder Monument Is but an Inadequate and perishing memorial of their glory — but the seal of immortality is already stamped upon It. We carry ^forward our -vision through the shadowy range of coming generations, and see it grow brighter and brighter in the dimness of the distance. And it shaU live in every heart that beats In freedom's cause, when the mausoleums of departed greatness, and the monuments of pride and power shaU have mouldered to oblivion." naturally devolve upon the Concord companies the duty of leading the column down the narrow causeway to the Bridge | but that in fact Captain Davis, occupying a central position in the line, wheeled his company out of the line, and marched in front of the Concord companies, and at the head of the column, to dislodge the British from the Bridge ; and that this must have been done with the approbation of Major Buttrick, who commanded at the time. He also asserts that on the retreat of the British from Concord, the Acton men joined in the pursuit, and followed them as far at least as Lexington, where one of their number was killed ; but that there is not the least evidence, that the Concord companies ever left their own town during that day ; that the asser tion that the first forcible resistance was made at Concord is untrue ; that there was forcible resistance at Lexington several hours before ; and that the resist ance at Concord was made by the Acton and not by the Concord men. He also confutes the assertion that when they marched down to the Bridge and returned the British fire, they had not heard that the enemy had fired upon Captain Parker's men at Lexington several hours before. Any one who wishes to understand the transaction at Concord, and to honor those to whom honor is due, will do well to read the publications of Mr. Adams. CHAPTER XI. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. The Nineteenth of April celebrated by the Town — The Remains of the Mar tyrs of 1775 removed — Controversy relative to the Ministerial Fund — The Town Hall — Kossuth visits Lexington — Death of Jonathan Harrington — Breaking out of the Rebellion — Lexington sends her Quota of Men — Bounty to the Soldiers. No one day in the annals of Lexington, save the 19th 'of April, 1775, stands out so prominent as April 20, 1835. On that day, the remains of the heroes who fell on Lexington Green, in 1775, which had been interred in the grave-yard, were removed and deposited In a vault, prepared for the purpose, near the base of the Monument, with appropriate ceremonies, which wUl long be remembered. On the 28th of AprU, the year preceding, at a legal town meeting, it was " Voted unanimously. To have the remains of those who were killed by the British, on the morning of the 19th of April, 1775, removed and re-entombed near the Monument, (with the consent of their surviving relations.)" " Voted, To choose a Committee to carry the foregoing vote into efiect.'' The foUowing gentlemen were chosen, viz : Elias Phinney, Esq., Chairman, Charles Reed, Esq. Gen. Samuel Chandler, William Chandler, Esq. Maj. B. O. Wellington, Ambrose Morrell, Esq; Benjamin Muzzy, Esq. Col. Philip Russell. The Committee, impressed with the solemnity and importance of the subject, wisely selected the Anniversary of their fall, as the day to remove their remains ; and as the event was one of historic and national Importance, with equal wisdom, chose one of the nation's most distinguished orators, Hon. Edward Everett, to 292 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON deliver an Address on the occasion. The names of the persons whose remains were inclosed in the sarcophagus were, Jonas. Parker, Robert Munroe, Samuel Hadley, Jonathan Harring ton, Jr., Isaac Muzzy, Caleb Harrington, and John Brown. These persons belonged to Lexington and were killed in the morning. Three other citizens of Lexington were kiUed on the return of the British in the afternoon, viz., Jedediah Munroe, John Raymond, and Nathaniel Wymah. The bodies of the seven Individuals belonging to Lexington were, at the time of their death, inclosed in long wooden boxes, made of rough boards, and buried In one common grave, in the burying-ground, separate and apart from aU other graves. A few days prior to the celebration, their remains were disinterred under the direction of the Committee, placed in a wooden coffini, which was Inclosed In lead and made air-tight, and the whole in a ma hogany sarcophagus, on the sides and ends of which were eight urns, bearing the names and emblematical of the individuals whose remains were contained therein. A deposit was made in the sarcophagus of a thick leaden box, hermeticaUy sealed, con taining the foUowing articles, viz. : — A copy of the History of the Battle of Lexington, by Ellas Phinney, Esq. , a sketch of the exercises and orders of the day, a copy of the Bunker Hill Aurora, and a copy of the Concord Whig ; the names of the President of the United States, of the Lieutenant Acting Gov ernor of Massachusetts, and the clergymen of Lexington, To receive the sarcophagus, a tomb had been prepared in the rear of the foundation of the Monument. Salutes and minute guns were fired at intervals, during the morning, and flags raised in honor of the occasion, were waving at half mast untU the close of the fimeral services. At an early hour the vUlage was filled with visitors to the number of several thousands, notwithstanding the unpropltious state of the weather. Public and private houses were thrown open and filled with visitors. The procession was formed at 11 o'clock, near the Monnment House, and moved under a mUitary escort, consisting of the Lexington ArtUlery and a volunteer company of light infantry, commanded respectively by Capt. J. F. LeBarron and Capt. BUUngs Smith. The procession moved to the burying ground, FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 293 where they received the sarcophagus, the band performing appro priate music during the ceremony. On arriving at the church, the mUitary opened to the right and left, the sarcophagus was placed in the broad aisle, and the procession entered. The pulpit was occupied by the Chaplain and the Reverend Clergy. In front of tha pulpit a platform had been raised for the orator ; and on each side of him on the platform were seated the sur vivors of Capt. Parker's company, viz. : Dr. Joseph Fiske, Daniel Mason, Benjamin Locke, William Munroe, Jonathan Harrington, Ebenezer Simonds, Jonathan Loring, John Hos mer, Isaac Durant, Josiah Reed. Solomon Brown and Ebenezer Parker were absent, one living at a great distance, and the other on account of the infirmities of age. The galleries were occu pied exclusively by the ladies. Notwithstanding the unpromising state of the weather, the preceding evening and that morning, the cburch was filled to overflowing, as well as the platform which had been erected round the church, and the windows, were a.lso filled with hearers. After an appropriate prayer by Rev. James Walker, Hon. Edward Everett delivered an Address, which was listened to in breathless silence for two entire hours. We shall attempt no synopsis of this Address. Nothing short of the whole could give an adequate Idea of its power and beauty. It is enough to say that it has been given to the public, and is one of the happiest efforts of that distinguished orator, whose words have electrified the country, and whose life even to the last, has been devoted to the great cause of American Independence. We cannot, however, dismiss this masterly Address without saying that Mr. Everett gave a succinct statement of the causes of the American Revohitlon, passed a justly merited eulogy upon John Hancock and Samuel Adams, commended the able and patriotic efforts of Rev. Jonas Clarke, noticed the preparations made in Lexington to meet the crisis ; and of the events which occurred on the Common on the 19 th of AprU, 1775, said : " Another volley aimed with fatal precision, succeeds. Several dropped, killed and wounded. Capt. Parker now felt the ne cessity of directing his men to disperse ; but it was not till several of them had returned the British fire^ and some of them more than once, that this handful of brave men were driven from the field." 294 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON After the close of the exercises at the church, the procession again formed, and moving around the Inclosed battle ground to the Monument, the sarcophagus was placed within the Iron railing in a tomb of stone masonry, prepared to receive It. Three vol leys of musketry were then fired over the grave, and the proces sion moved on to the pavillion erected near the Monument House, where a collation was prepared. Elias Phinney, Esq. , Chairman of the Committee of Arrange ments, presided at the table. On each side of the President were the invited guests, including Lieutenant Govemor Armstrong and Aids, Orator and Chaplains, Daniel Webster, Judge Story, President Quincy, Attorney General Austin, Adjutant General Dearborn, and others. The sentiments given on the occasion were responded to by the distinguished guests, who passed the highest eulogiums upon Lexington and her brave minute-men. Lexington had been blessed In her historic association, and in every department of her history. This had been particularly true of her parochial affairs. It Is a lamentable fact that the spiritual concerns of a community, which should teach them forbearance and charity, have in many, very many instances, been the cause of more disputes and heart-burnings, and have produced more rancor and bitterness than almost anything else. Lexington, as we have seen, had been an exception to this too general rule for almost a century and a half. But alas for human nature ! offences wIU come. As soon as Lexington became a parish, the people took measures to create a parsonage or ministerial fund, which should secure to them the means of supporting, or rather aid them in supporting the Gospel ministry. They purchased a quantity of land, and set It apart for that purpose. The original cost of the land was but about $67, which was raised by a tax upon the parish. This land, or the avaUs of it, have been cherished with great fondness, and managed with extreme care and fidelity. In 1817, an Act was obtained. Incorporating certain persons as Trastees of the Ministerial Fund, whose accounts were audited annually by the to-wn. This fund in 1830, amounted to the sum of $16,600, besides a quantity of land unsold. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 295 So long as the people were of one heart and one mind, this fund proved a blessing to the parish — if Indeed it be a blessing to any religious society to be relieved from all contributions for the support of religious institutions. It is a principle of our nature to value things somewhat in proportion to the labor and cost of obtaining them ; and this applies to institutions as well as to tangible things. There Is generally a more healthy, active religious feeling in societies which sustain themselves by their annual contributions, than in those societies which lean upon funds for support. We are far from believing that parish funds. In aU cases, are a curse. WTien societies are feeble, a parish fund would prove a blessing whUe It aids them to support the institutions of religion, without paralyzing their own efforts. It is with parishes as with Individuals, those are the most prosperous which have made personal efforts, and cultivated the virtue of self-reliance. In 1830 a portion of those who had worshiped at the church of the old parish, formed themselves Into a Baptist society, and subsequently a second Congregational society and a Universalist society were formed in the East VUlage. In 1833 an article was Inserted In the Warrant for March meeting, which gave embodiment to the feeling which prevailed In the eastern section of the to-wn. " To see If the town wUl move the old meeting-house, or build a new one In some central place, where there can be land procured to build out-buUdings ; or build one in the eastern section of the town, and settle a min ister as colleague with Mr. Briggs, to supply preaching In both houses." The same article was Inserted In the Warrant for a meeting in August of that year ; and though these Articles were voted down by decided majorities, the opposition were not dis couraged or disheartened. In October, 1834, they procured the insertion of an Article in the Warrant for a to-wn meeting, — "To see whether the town will petition the Legislature, either to repeal the Act incorporating the Trustees of the Ministerial Fund, or to so modify the same that the equal rights to aid from profits resulting therefrom, may be secured to all the inhab itants of said toTvn, agreeably to the intention of its ancient founders." This Article was voted down, 120 to 64. At a meeting, June 1, 1835, an Article was inserted in tiie 38 296 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON Warrant, — " To see if the to-wn will authorize the Trustees of the Ministerial Fund to pay to a Committee chosen for that pur pose, one half of the income of said fund towards the support of a Congregational minister to preach to that part of the First Congregational society who worship in the East Yillage." This Article discloses the fact that those worshiping in the East Vil lage still claim to be members of the old society and vote in their meetings. The town refused to act upon the Article. This contest went on for years, and town meeting after to-vra meeting was caUed for the express purpose of obtaining a portion of this fund. Not only those who resided In the East ViUage, but the Baptists and Universallsts, who had formed societies, claimed a share of the fund ; and In order to be more successful, they all retained their membership In the old parish. From UI health. Rev. Mr. Briggs resigned his office as pastor, and Rev. Mr. Swett was invited to take his place. But this only gave a new opportunity for the disaffected to renew their demand for a portion of the fund. It would be tiresome to go through all the detaUs of this strife. But one thing is certain, viz. that the income of the fund was the prize sought. Like the eager heirs of a large estate, they were wUling to sacrifice the harmony of the community and the very object of all preach ing, in a scramble for the means to pay the preacher. As was natural, the opposing parties, though they had no common sympathy for each other, would unite against the stronger party, and paralyze their efforts. The old society could not hold a meeting, or settle a minister, or transact their ordi nary parish business, without encountering the opposition of those who in a practical point of view, had no sympathy -with the society, being alienated either by doctrinal sentiments or sectional feeUngs from the parish. In 1845 all parties became weary of the strife and came to a mutual understanding, by which the Income of the fund should be divided between the dif ferent reUgious societies on the basis of the taxable property held by the members of each society respectively. Now that the contest Is over, and the fund divided on a wise basis, and most of those who took the lead in that unfortunate struggle have passed off the stage, we can look upon this matter impartiaUy, and hence learn wisdom from the foibles of those FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 297 who have gone before us. The character of the to-v\m has suffered by this bitter controversy, the effects of which have hardly yet passed away. And here Lexington does not stand alone. Almost every town which has had any considerable fund, has experienced a Uke contest and aUenation of feeling growing out of it. On the legal rights of the case there is no room for doubt. All such funds are the property, not of the town, but of the parish. The law of Massachusetts, as expounded by the Courts, is clear. Every original township was a parish, and the two organizations, the Municipal and the Parochial, co-existed. When a bequest was made to the town, or when the town cre ated a fund for the support of the minister, the property vested In the parish — the town being nothing but Trustee for the parish. But the case of the Lexington Fund was still stronger. The land which formed the basis of this fund was bought and paid for by the parish, nearly twenty years before the town had a being. Consequently it belonged to the parish by as good a tifle as is known to the law. When, therefore, a person ceased to be a member of the parish, he ceased to be a joint owner of the fund. By lea-ring the parish he reUnquIshed aU right in and control over this parish property. While he remained in the parish he would have a right to vote ; but being a member of a corporation, he must submit to the voice of the majority. If, therefore, those people who had formed themselves into a Baptist Society, or a Uni-versalist Society, or who worshiped at the East ViUage, had left the old parish, they could have no legal claim upon the fund. But if they still belonged to the old parish, they were legally bound by a vote of the majority. So that at no time during this controversy, were any of their legal rights infringed. But they claimed that they had an equitable right to their share of the fund. This certainly deserves consideration. But on what was such a claim founded ? On the original intent of those who created the fund ? They designed it for the support of the ministry in their parish, and not In other rival societies which would tend to break down the parish for which they were providing. Did they base their claim in equity on the fact that they were members of the parish, and should have their share of 298 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the profits of the Fund ? If they were members of the parish^ they were bound in law and equity to abide by the voice of the majority. Did those at the East ViUage claim a portion of the fund on the ground that they lived at .a great distance from the meeting-house ? It is a notorious fact that at the time the fund was created, and the meeting-house built on the Common, there was a greater proportion of the Inhabitants at the extreme eastern and other out-parts of the to-wmship, as compared with the centre, than there was when they were urging their plea. Besides, all pleas of right imply corresponding obligations and duties. Suppose the parish had been In debt for their meeting- . house, or for the past salaries of their ministers, would these dis contented persons have been willing to be taxed to pay that Indebtedness? I apprehend that under that state of things, they would have regarded it as an act of Injustice to caU upon them to help pay the old debt, contracted it may be, before they were born, and would have shown their un wUlingness by leaving the society. And further, was It acting on principles of moral equity to retain their legal membership, that they might be able to vote themselves a portion of this fund, when In fact, they were mem bers of other societies, which they were laboring to build up at the expense of the old parish ? The facts in the case show that those who had formed rival societies, had no claim in law or equity to any portion of the fund. At the same time the old parish were unwise in resisting the application as long as they did. A little sober reflection should have taught them that the peace and harmony of the town was worth more in a cl-ril, social, and religious point of view, than a few hundred doUars of the Ministerial Fund. They should have seen earUer than they did, that a determined minority would be Ukely to succeed In the end ; and that it was a safe and -wise policy to soothe rather than exasperate an opposition ; and that it Was wiser to bestow cheerfully than wait and be compeUed to yield reluctantly. And had they not brooded over this ftmd so long, and cherished it -with so much fondness^ they might have seen that the tendency of a large fund was to paralyze rather than quicken religious feeling — the great object for which the Chris tian ministry was instituted. They acted discreetly at last in FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 299 consenting to a division, and the only pity Is, that It was not done at an earlier day. Now that the whole thing is past, and the effects are known, no doubt all parties can see the errors into which they were be trayed ; and are now ready to admit that the peace of the com munity Is of more true worth, and the reputation of the town is more valuable, than the income of any ordinary fund, though It may be denominated Ministerial. Experience must have taught aU parties, that a large fund to support the ministry will not increase the Interest and religious engagedness of a society, and that any portion of such a fund, obtained by strife, will not insure permanency to the societies which receive it. We -would gladly have passed over this unfortunate page in the history of this otherwise peaceful town. But the Impartial historian should record the unpleasant events which occur, as well as those which are more agreeable. It Is from this presentation of light and shade that the spirit of the age may be seen, and the true character of individuals or communities may be known. The Act of the Legislature, in 1845, providing for a distribu tion of the income of the Ministerial fund, was accepted by the town by a unanimous vote, March 31, 1845. Thus an end was put to that unpleasant and unprofltable controversy, and at the same time the subject was removed from the consideration of the town, and delivered over to the parishes. When that remarkable man, Louis Kossuth, former Govemor of Hungary, fled from his country to escape the barbarity of Austria, and visited the United States, he was invited by the Govemor of Massachusetts, at the request of the Legislature, to visit our Capital and become the guest of the State. He com pUed with the invitation, and during his sojourn in the State, visited most of the principal cities and towns, where he was received and welcomed by thousands of the Inhabitants. Being an exUe from his native land, and an ardent lover of free institu tions, he would naturaUy desire to visit the birth-place of Amer ican Liberty. He was invited to Lexington. On the 11th of May, 1852, he left Boston, and taking West Cambridge in his 300 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON route, he was escorted by the horsemen of that and the neighbor ing towns, to the boundary of Lexington, where he was received by the Lexington Committee and a large cavalcade. The pro cession then moved to Lexington Common, where a rostrum had been erected near the Monument, and appropriately decorated. All sides of the Common wei-e hung with flags, tastefully arranged ; at the entrance was the inscription — " Welcome to THE Birth-place or American Libektt." A large con course of people had assembled at the Green, and the school children were arranged along the walk, who greeted Kossuth as he passed. On reaching the platform, Kossuth was Introduced by Col. Isaac H. Wright to Hon. Charles Hudson, Chairman of the Lexington Committee, who addressed him as follows : " Governor Kossuth, — As the organ of the citizens of Lexington, I bid you a cordial welcome to this quiet and peaceful village. We are assembled here this morning to pay our honors and to tender our sympathy to one who in other lands, has so nobly vindicated the rights of man against the "encroachments of arbitrary and despotic power. Tour advocacy of human rights, your devotion to the best interests of your beloved country, your labors for her welfare, and your suffering in her behalf, justly com mend you to the friends of free institutions throughout the world. We rejoice in this opportunity of tendering to you our unfeigned regard, and to your bleeding country our kindest sympathy. " We welcome you to this consecrated spot, on which was shed the first blood in that glorious struggle which made us a free and prosperous peo ple, and gave us a name among the nations of the earth. But these bless ings were dearly bought. This Green has been trampled by a foreign foe. Here our fathers met their oppressors, and this unpretending stone tells the sad story of their fate. In yonder humble dwelling,' our domestic exiles, the proscribed Hancock and Adams, sought a retreat, and, like the heroes in Grecian story, consulted the patriot priest on the safety of the Commonwealth. "But a brighter day has dawned upon our country; and some of the sainted patriots who passed through those struggles, through that wilder ness of dangers, and that Red sea of blood, are here to-day to partake of the blessings of this Canaan of rest. " So may it be with your beloved country ! Though a dark cloud over shadows her, its gilded margin betokens a brighter sky, and points to the bow of promise. Your country must ultimately be free. Austria and Russia may combine against her, but their efforts cannot prosper. Let 'The Clarke House, on Hancock street. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO ^867. 301 these tyrants rely upon their fortresses and their armies — let their legions come up like the locusts of Egypt ; but their trust is vain. ' Jove shakes the feeble props of human trust. And towers and armies levels with the dust.' " I again welcome you to the birth-place of American liberty, and to all the hallowed associations which cluster around this place. I welcome you to the hearts of this people." Kossuth in his reply, speaking of those who fell on Lexington Common, on the 19th of April, 1775, said : "Itis their sacrificed blood with which is written the preface of your nation's history. Their death was and ever will be the first bloody revela tion of America's destiny, and Lexington the opening scene of a revolution, that is destined to change the character of human governments, and the ¦condition of the human race." ' After Kossuth had finished his remarks, he was introduced to Jonathan Harrington and Amariah Preston, bath soldiers of the Revolution, and each of them ninety-four years of age, and to many others of our citizens, when he visited the old Clarke house, and moved on to Concord, where he had another public recep tion, made a speech, and returned to Boston the same day. On tbe 26th of March, 1854, Jonathan Harrington, the last survivor of the battle of Lexington, closed his earthly career, aged 95 years, S months, and 18 days. At his funeral a large ¦concourse of people assembled, a military procession was formed, and the greatest respect was shown to the memory of one, who in his early youth had sounded the shrill notes of liberty in the " Louis Kossuth was truly a wonderful man. A stranger in our country, and only self-taught in our language, and consequently unacquainted with our his tory, — he passed from place to place, speaking almost daily to large assemblies, Hi different localities, and displaying a knowledge of the local history of each place, which would actually be instructive to the permanent inhabitants. The leadiness with which he acquired a knowledge of our history, general and local, was surprising. He was, in fact, a man of remarkable talents. And when we ¦consider the persecution he had suffered in his own country, the perseverance with which he pursued his efforts for her independence, we can easily excuse any extravagant theories into which he may have fallen, and any impatience he may have manifested, at what he regarded the backwardness of this country in entering into his visionary scheme of delivering Hungary from the yoke of jLustiia. 302 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON ears of foreign oppressors, and had lived to witness the happy fruits of that Revolution, in the opening scene of which he had participated.^ As we are to enter upon that part of our history which con nects us with a mighty struggle to sustain our institutions, it is due the trath of history to state the cause of this gigantic rebel lion. It Is well known that Immediately after the Revolution, the subject of African slavery was agitated in the country ; and though our high-minded and patriotic statesmen, North and South, regarded the Institution as corrupt and degrading to our national character, they fondly believed that the odious system would soon cease In the Republic. And havjng dedicated all the territory owned by the United States to freedom by the ordi nance of 1787, our fathers adopted our Constitution recognizing slavery as an existing fact. Such, however, was their aversion to the system, that they would not suffer the word slave or slavery to be Inserted in the Constitution — declaring that they believed that in a short time slavery would cease ; and they would not suffer the great charter of our Liberty to be polluted by a term which might render it the scoff of the nations of the earth. But the acquisition - of Louisiana, and the culture of cotton which sprang up, changed the whole aspect of this question. The States of Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky, which had regarded slavery as a pecuniary burden, now found that breed-' Ing slaves for the Southern market, became profitable ; and Instead of foUowing up their oft declared resolution of blotting out the foul stain from their escutcheon, they became wedded to an Institution which filled their coffers, and joined with the Gulf States in attempting to extend slavery. As that corrupt system impeded their growth In wealth and population, the South saw that they should lose that control over the destiny of the nation, which they had been able to exert from the foundation of the Government ; and to counteract this tendency, they, by the aid of their northern aUies, annexed Texas to Increase the slave- holding territory ; and for the same object, they involved the country in an unnecessary war with Mexico. And after obtain ing the Ul-fated compromises of 1850, they, aided by their ' See Genealogy of the Harrington Family. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 303 northern followers, succeded in repealing the Missouri Compro mise, that slavery might be extended into Kansas, Nebraska, and the whole north-western territory. These measures all de signed, not only to sustain, but to extend slavery, opened the eyes of the free States, and gave rise to the Republican party, and so increased their strength that they were enabled to elect their President. When the result of this election was kno-sNTi, the southern aspirants, without waiting for the development of President Lin coln's policy, resolved to overthrow the Government which they saw they could no longer control. The policy of the out-going Administration seemed to favor their design. Large quantities of arms and munitions of war had been removed from our north- em forts and arsenals, and deposited In the southern States. Our ships of war were mostly dismantled or sent to foreign stations. The leaders at the south availed themselves of these advantages, and strove to set up a slaveholding confederacy on the ruins of our free Republic. One of their number, a leading South Carolinian, declared publicly that the dissolution of the Union was the object at which he had been aiming for twenty years. And Mr. Stevens, the Vice President of the boasted, but short-Uved Confederacy, boldly declared that their object was to estabUsh a confederacy whose corner stone should be slavery. His words are : - — " The new Constitution has put at rest forever, 'aU agitating questions relating to our peculiar institution. Afirican slavery, as it exists among us, is the proper status of the negro in our form of civilization. Our new government is founded. Its corner stone rests upon the great truth that the negro Is not equal to the white man ; that slavery Is his natural and normal condition." Such, In brief, was the object of the rebels, and such iJie cause of their revolt. And the history of the world does not furnish a more causeless, unjustifiable, or wicked rebeUIon. It was conceived In a vain ambition, com menced in the basest pei^dy, and prosecuted with savage cruelty. Such will be the verdict of posterity. The object of the leaders of the rebelUon was to raise themselves to power by buUding up a slaveholding oUgarchy, as oppressive to the mass of the white population as to the black. 304 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON Many of the heroes of the Revolution had lived to see the fruit of their toils and sacrifices, in the prosperity of their country. They had seen the nation in her rapid march of improvement and civilization, occupying a proud position among the nations of the earth — teaching the votaries of freedom throughout the cIviUzed world, that liberty was conducive to national prosperity and greatness. But these sainted patriots had passed off the stage, leaving a people enjoying greater blessings than had ever before fallen to the lot of any nation ; and we, their descendants, born to this rich inheritance, had almost forgotten the sacrifices .with which this vast patrimony was purchased. The present generation considered their freedom secure. They saw the nation moving forward with gIgantlQ strides, and our flag respected in every part of the habitable earth ; and knowing we had nothing to fear from any foreign power, and deeming the Union, of the States perpetual, they had suffered the Idea of mU itary defence to pass almost into oblivion. They had -heard the threats of dissolving the Union, but they regarded them as the idle vaunting of the reckless few, scarcely worthy of a mo ment's consideration. And when they saw a few factious leaders of a restless and disappointed minority, quitting their seats In Congress for no other conceivable reason, than that they were out-voted at the poUs, they could not believe that they would dare to raise a parricidal hand against the country which bore them. Such was the confidence of the great mass of the people in the permanence of the Union, and the love of country which prevaUed even at the South, that they could hardly dream of taking up arms against their southern brethren ; fondly believing that decrees of secession, like paper blockades, would prove per fectly harmless in the end. And it was not till the air rever berated with the thunders of the artiUery opened upon Fort Sumter, that the mass of our people realized that there was any occasion for budding on their armor in defence of their rights. The same telegram which brought the news of the fall of Sumter, was freighted with a caU for seventy-five thousand men. Unpre pared as they were, the caU met a hearty response from the people, which showed that the fire of patriotism, which had been buried among the cares and bustle of business, had not expired. An impulse Uke that which went out from Lexington in 1775, seized FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 305 the pubUc heart, and the whole community resolved that our glo rious Union should be sustained at every hazard. Towns vied with each other In their efforts to send men Into the field ; and the young men were ready to enroll themselves for the defence of their country. As might be expected In any sudden emergency, when aU that we hold dear seemed to be at stake, some of the efforts made in pure patriotism, were not. wisely considered, and hence partially failed of their object. But the spectacle was truly grand ; and one which should have taught the rebels the hopelessness of their cause, and the nations of I'^urope the strength and permanence of our Institutions. To see a people bred to the arts of peace, and actively engaged in business pursuits, start up as one man, and devote all their energies to the preservation of the Union, is a spectacle truly sublime — showing that the present generation are worthy of their patriotic sires, and that the love of Uberty which glowed in the breast of our fathers, was not quenched in the bosoms of their sons. This rising of the people displayed in striking con trast, the baseness of the slavery-loving rebels of the South, and the noble spirit of the free sons of the North. Fort Sumter was attacked on the 12th of April, and taken possession of on the 14th. On the 15th of April, 1861, the President Issued his proclamation, calling for troops. Several regiments in Massachusetts responded at once to the call. Though Lexington, like most of the country towns, had no organized company, several of our yonng men volunteered and enlisted In companies out of town which were under marching orders. An effort was made to raise a company In Lexington ; but there being no manufacturing or other business to retain the young men In the place, it was found difficult to obtain a fuU company In the town, and hence they united with a neighboring town. In the hope of gathering a fiiU company. WhUe this effort was being made, a to-wn meeting was held, at which it was tmanlmously voted to appropriate the sum of four thousand dol lars to aid the cause; and a large Committee was chosen to disburse the same, as far as might be necessary, to encourage enlistments, and supply the wants of the families of those who should enter the service, for the period of three months — that being the only term then requked. But immediately after this 306 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON appropriation, and before the company was full, the President announced that no more three months' men would be accepted ; but that all volunteers must enlist for three years. In the mean time the State Legislature assembled and passed an Act confirm ing contracts already made by towns in aid of enlistments, and virtually prohibiting such appropriations In future. This changed ' the whole state of affairs ; and the company nearly filled, not choosing to offer themselves for a three years' service, the Com mittee felt constrained to confine their expenditures to the amount already contracted for. The sum actually expended for clothing, drUl-officers, and supplying the famUies of the soldiers in service, amounted to about six hundred doUars; and the Committee In their Report submitted to the town, and recorded upon the town book, say : — "In view of the whole subject, the Committee believe that the money by them disbursed, has, under the peculiar and exciting state of things under which they have been called to act, been expended in such a manner as to aid the great cause we all have at heart, by contributing to the comfort of the gallant men who have entered the service, and. of the famUies they have left behind them." Under the novel state of things which existed at the breaking out of the Rebellion, and with the patriotic enthusiasm of the people, it is not strange that errors were committed, and unwise expenditures made in very many cases ; but the town records of Lexington show, that whUe she Had patriotism enough to make a generous appropriation to encourage men to enter the service, and to provide for the comfort of them and their famUies, she had at the same time wisdom and prudence sufficient to guide her emotions, and to expend no more than seemed to be con ducive to those ends. WhUe some of our neighboring towns, at the commencement of the war, expended thousands of doUars in a way which they themselves at a later period, saw to be fruitless, Lexington can look back upon her early expenditures with a conviction that they were judicious, and that the balance of the appropriation was more wisely and usefully applied at a later period, than it could have been during the first six months, of the war. But the efforts of the town and the liberality of her citizens did not stop here. On tiie 2d of July, 1862, the people were FROM THE Year ISSO TO 1867. 307 Called together, " To see what measures the town will adopt in relation to furnishing the town's quota of soldiers, under the call of the President of the United States." The people having convened, the following preamble and vote were adopted : " Whereas, the present alarming state of the country requires that large reenforcements should be sent forth without delay, to sustain our gallant soldiers now in the field, and to put down the existing unrighteous rebel lion ; and as the devoted President of the United States, in the discharge of his official duty, has made att appeal to the patriotism of the people, and the Governor of the Commonwealth, prompt "to every such appeal, has designated the quotas of men required of every town : — And whereas the Town of Lexington was the first to seal her devotion to freedom and equal rights, in 1775, and the blood of her slaughtered citizens cries to us from the ground, to sustain the cause in which they offered themselves a living sacrifice ; and as every citizen is under the most sacred obligations to bear his share, if not of the perils, yet of the burdens and sacrifices of this righteous contest, and is bound to encourage, support, and sustain those who obey their country's call, and manfully enroll themselves in defence of our dearest rights and privileges; — It is therefore, in open Town-meeting legally called for the purpose, " Voted unanimously. That a bounty of one hundred dollars be offered to- each and everypatriotic soldier who will volunteer into the service of the United States, for the period of three years, unless sooner discharged, to fill the quota of twenty men required of this town." Under the above vote twenty men, the town's full quota, were enlisted, and the sum of two thousand dollars was paid to the soldiers. Soon after, a call was made by the President for nliie months' men, and the quota of Lexington was thirty-one. The town, at a meeting caUed for the purpose, on the 29th of August, voted a bounty of two hundred doUars. This quota was promptly' fiUed hj enlisting thirtj-fwo men, — five of them for three years.- Under this vote the town expended six thousand two hundred dollars. At -a subsequent meeting, the town made ample provision for the support of the soldiers' famUies beyond what was aUowed by the State, and requested the Assessors to abate the poU tax of aU soldiers in the service. In addition to the sum granted by the town' from time to time 308 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON to pay the bounty for recruits, individuals subject to mUitary duty, and others not subject to such duty, contributed freely to the same object. AU such sums, however, were reimbursed by the town, so that the cost of procuring soldiers, except some incidental expenses, was ultimately paid by the town. Hammon Reed, Esq., Chairman of the Selectmen, in his report in 1866, states the amount paid by the town for procuring soldiers during the rebellion, exclusive of the expenses of town officers, at $25,692. To this amount may safely be added for the sum paid to the families of soldiers, beyond what was reim bursed by the State, and for other Incidental expenses, $1,500 — making the gross sum of $27,192. The Selectmen also state that the town had furnished. Including re-enlistments, two hun dred and forty-four soldiers, being nine more than the town's quota. In addition to this there were two organized sewing societies working for the hospitals, which sent forward a large amount of clothing and stores for the benefit of the sick and wounded. Lexington also furnished one hospital nurse,' whose services were scarcely surpassed by any of that class of self-sacrificing ladies, who submitted to every hardship, and encountered every danger, to relieve the sufferings of the patriotic defenders of our free institutions. As much true moral courage was required to brave disease In the hospitals, as buUets in the field. Lexington fur nished two hundred and forty-four soldiers and seamen, being nine more than her quota, and we believe that none of them -brought any dishonor upon the town. And though Lexington at the commencement of the rebellion had no mUitary company, and consequently her citizens could commence with no mUitary prestige, yet their record was creditable to themselves and the place they represented. Two^ of ^our citizens entered the service as Captains ; one ^ as second Lieutenant, and became a Lieutenant Colonel ; one ^ as a private and became Assistant- Adjutant General with the rank of Captain ; one ^ who went out a non-commissioned officer rose to be Major and Commissary of Subsistence ; one ^ who went out as a private rose to the rank of • Mrs. Mary Olnhausen. See Phinney FamUy. ' Charles R. Johnson, and William Plumer. = John W. Hudson. * Charles A. Gould. ' Loring W. Muzzey. « Jonas F. Capell. FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 309 Captain and Major by brevet; and one' who went out as a private rose to the rank of Quartermaster. Several others became warrant officers while in service. Such in brief is the military record' of Lexington during the slaveholders' rebellion — and of this record no Intelligent citizen need to be ashamed. Lexington has been true to herself, and true to the great principles of civil liberty. She has contributed her share to sustain those institutions which resulted from the American Revolution, the opening scene of which was performed within her limits by her own citizens. When the late unholy rebellion was substantially brought to a close by the capture of the rebel armies, and the people of the free States were filled with rejoicing at the glorious event, the nation was suddenly thrown into a state of consternation by the tidings of the assassination of our excellent President, who had, wltlTso much wisdom and patriotism, conducted us successfully through the war ; and as soon as the first feeUng of surprise had subsided, the emblems of rejoicing were displaced by the insignia of mourning. The flags which were thrown to the breeze In honor of our victories, were lowered half-mast as a token of the nation's grief; and the loud huzzas that were echoing through the air gave place to sighs and lamentations ; and the thousand bells which were resounding in joy and gladness, ceased their merry peals, that they might toU in unison with the sad laments of the people. Everywhere throughout the free States, a solemn silence reigned, and the whole community felt that the country had met with an Irreparable loss. All parties, with one accord, were ready to testify to the worth of the departed states man, and to do honor to his memory. The 19th of AprU, a day dear to every citizen of Lexington, was set apart for the funeral solemnities at Washington ; and the people throughout the country were invited to observe the day in some appropriate manner. The people of Lexington assem bled at the church of the first parish, which was suitably draped -with the insignia of mourning,, and appropriate services were performed in the presence of a large and sympathizing assembly. Rev. L. J. Livermore, assisted by Rev. Mr. Savage, conducted > George E. Muzzey. 310 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON the devotional exercises ; Rev. WUUam T. Stowe deUvered an appropriate address ; Charles Hudson, from acquaintance with the deceased, spoke of his personal character and moral worth ; and further remarks were made by Rev. Caleb Stetson. The occasion was one of peculiar interest, and the assembly retired with a full sense of the nation's loss. We cannot close this part of our history without recognizing the hand of God In the trying scenes through which we have passed. Not only the result of the rebeUIon, but the means employed, show an over-ruling Providence. Slavery, the foul blot upon our national character, had become so interwoven into the texture of southern society, and had so far demoralized the southern heart, that nothing but some great convulsion in the social system could wipe out the stain. Under God this crying evU has been the great instrument of eradicating Itself. Slavery, by hardening the heart of the masters, and filling them with a haughty, vain ambition, led them to attempt the overthrow of our free institutions, that they might raise themselves to power, and rule with despotic sway over a confederacy whose comer stone was African servitude. This wicked attempt to degrade and debase four miUions of God's creatures — this treacherous effort to overthrow the Government they had swom to support, and on whose bounty many of them had fattened, showed that the measure of their iniquity was full, and that they were ripe for an overthrow. They waged a cruel war that they might extend and perpetuate slavery, and thereby keep themselves in power. But, short-sighted mortals ! your vain attempts to attain an unholy end by treacherous means, have proved your ruin ! He that rules In the armies of heaven has overruled your ambition for good, and made your attempt to sustain slavery the means of Its overthrow ! "Whoever reads the history of this rebeUIon aright, wUl see an all-wise Providence restraining the ambitious designs of unprincipled men, and turning their base instrumentalities against them. Their bloody massacre at Fort PiUow, by which they fondly hoped to dissuade the blacks from entering the army — their more than savage cruelty at BeUe Isle and Ander- sonviUe, by which they hoped to thin the ranks of the Union FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 311 armies by starving their prisoners to death, or so reducing them to skeletons, that they would be unfit for service if exchanged, only aroused the Indignation of the lovers of our free Institu tions, and called our brave men to the field. Yes, the innocent blood wickedly shed at Fort PiUow, cried from the ground against them ; and the feeble moans of our starving prisoners In those wretched pens, under the very eyes of the rebel govern ment, were heard on high, and drew down the -vrithering frowns of the Righteous Ruler of the universe. On the other hand the Lord raised up a man to guide the nation through this fiery trial, and bring this war to a happy termination. In Abraham Lincoln we had the statesman, the patriot, and the Christian ruler, that the crisis demanded — a man of the people, who knew their wants, feelings, and senti ments, and who was ready at all times to carry out their views, agreeably to the genius and spirit of our admirable form of government. Had he been a modem Cajsar, or a second Crom well, guided by his own personal ambition, we might have had more sanguinary battles, and perhaps more briUiant victories. But we should have had a divided North, and probably we should have found it more difficult to dispose of our Chief, after the war was over, than we did to dispose of the rebels while the war was raging. Or had he been a narrow, conceited man, who obstinately disregarded the popiUar wUl, and vainly supposed that he showed his greatness by denouncing and attempting to baffle the co-ordinate branches of the government, we might have been at the present day in the midst of a desperate struggle, the scorn and jest of the civilized world. But, by the mercy of God, we were blessed with a tmly republican President, who knew the nature of our institutions, and fully realized that he must obey the public wiU. WhUe he felt it his duty to lead and direct public opinion, as far as practi cable, he was fully sensible that any attempt to resist it, or to go far in advance of It, would be fruitless. This fact is fully sus tained by his course in relation to the aboUtlon of slavery. He knew the antagonism between freedom and slavery; he knew that when the exigency should arise, he had the power by the law of nations, to proclaim the slaves free. But as the whole matter lay in his discretion, he did not think it wise to take this 40 312 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON step tUl the public mind was educated up to this point ; so that when such a measure should be adopted, it would be fully sus tained both at home and abroad. He consequently apprised the public in advance, that at the expiration of one hundred days, unless the rebels should lay down their arms and submit to the laws of the Union, he should, in virtue of the war power, pro claim "Uberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to those that were bound." By this prudent delay, this educating the people up to his position, he was able to issue that immortal Emancipation Proclamation, with the approbation of the community. In this manner he brought about this mighty change without any con vulsion in the public mind. This great fountain of iniquity was broken up without producing a ripple upon the surface of public sentiment. In taking this bold and important step, he carefully studied public opinion and the indications of divine Providence. On being urged by an ardent friend in "the early part of the war to abolish slavery, he made this characteristic reply: "I have considered this subject prayerfully, and find that whUe you and I have been in a hurry to abolish slavery, the Lord is not ; and I think it wise to wait his time." President Lincoln acted so wisely, and so in accordance with the spirit of our institutions, that we have, in a manner, the endorsement of the Supreme Ruler upon our form of govern ment. If we were asked, who put down the rebellion, we could answer in the very language of the Preamble of the Constitu tion, "We, the people of the United States." The people have put down the rebellion agreeably to the genius of our govern ment, by the agent of our own choice, the heaven-appointed Lincoln. Nor does this detract from the worth of the man or the value of his services. On the contrary, it shows that his talents, his integrity, his abiding trust in an over-nUing Provi dence, exactly fitted him for the crisis, and so enabled him to work out a mighty deliverance for his people. The American people with one accord have denominated George Washington, the " Father of his Country," and admiring nations have confirmed the designation. And the future historian, when he narrates the events of the late rebellion, -wUl place Abraham Lincoln in the same galaxy of Ulustrious FROM THE YEAR 1830 TO 1867. 313 men with Washington ; and as the former is the acknowledged " Father," so the latter wiU be the admitted " Saviour of his Country." The names of Washington and Lincoln will go down to posterity, and their memories will be cherished by every lover of freedom and equal rights. Washington, in pure patriotism, and with Christian fortitude, labored to resist the encroachments of foreign tyrants, and to build up free institu tions in his native land ; Lincoln, with like patriotism and forti tude, labored to repel the assaults of domestic traitors, and to defend these Institutions, so that the land of his birth might enjoy the blessings of perpetual and universal freedom. And though Lincoln, by the order of Providence, had no opportunity to participate in the important work of organizing our cIvU insti tutions, he enjoyed the privilege of blotting out the only foul stain which deformed the work of our fathers. Lincoln's Proc lamation of Emancipation, which burst the bands of slavery, and set four mUlIons of human beings free, reflects the highest honor upon his character, and will mark an epoch In the world's history as Important as that of Magna Charta or the Declaration of Independence. CHAPTER XII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM 1692 TO THE DEATH OF -km, HANCOCK. The Incorporation of the Precinct — The Establishment of the Gospel Ministry — The Gathering of a Church, and the Ordination of their First Minister — The Death of Mr. Estabrook, and the Settlemt nt of Mr. Hancock — Settle ment and Death of his Son Ebenezer — The Services, Character and Death of Mr. Hancock — Hia Publications. As our fathers came to this country to estabUsh a religious commonwealth, and to set up institutions founded on the great principle of accountabUity to God, no history of their settlement can be perfect or complete, which does not treat of their ecclesi astical affairs. These are so intimately connected with their ci-vU and political history, that it Is difficult in some cases to say where the one ends and the other begins. By the early laws of this Pro-vince, every tract of territory which was erected into a town, was by the same act constituted a parish. Standing in this double relation, most of the parochial business was trans acted in town meetings. It was generaUy In the town meetings that votes were passed for building meeting-houses, settling min isters, and pro-riding for their support. These measures are so nearly associated with the municipal affairs of the to^vns, and the same individuals being voters both in the town and the parish, that we shaU not attempt to draw any distinct Une of separation between the parochial and the municipal. Under the head of " ecclesiastical history," we shaU not treat of those pub Uc acts performed In town meetings, such as buUding and repair ing houses of worship, but rather present the spiritual condition of the people, the character of their reUgious teachers, and the acts pertaining to the church, as an organization distinct from that of the parish. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 315 For about forty years after the first settlements were made In what now constitutes Lexington, the people were destitute of a minister, whom they could call their own. The territory belonging to Cambridge, and most of the settlers being from that town, and many of them being members of the church in that place, they would naturaUy adhere to the old society, until the demand for a separate organization should become pressing. It appears also that the people of Cambridge proper were anxious that those who had removed to the "Farms," should continue their relationship with the parent church. But as the inconvenience to the settlers was great, they desired to establish a ministry of their own, and to manage their own affairs as they pleased. As early as 1682, James Cutler, Matthew Bridge, Jr., David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., Francis Whitmore, John Tidd, Ephraim Winship, and John Winter, some of the leading and responsible citizens of the Farms, petitioned the General Court for an Act constituting them a distinct parish. This step was taken, not from any hostUity to the old society or church, but from the great inconvenience of going from five to ten mUes to attend pubUc worship. The great unwillingness on the part of Cambridge to have this secession from their church, defeated, or rather postponed the measure for about ten years. In 1691, It was ordered by the General Court " That the peti tioners be permitted and allowed to Invite and settle an able and orthodox minister for the dispensing of the Gospel among them." Immediately after obtaining an Act of Incorporation as a pre cinct, measures were adopted to carry Into effect the object they had in -new. A subscription was at once started for the erection of a house of worship; and early in the season of 1692, the edifice was erected. On the 22d of April, 1692, Mr. Benjamin Estabrook, who had probably preached for them some portion of the preceding year, was invited to continue his labors with them till May, 1693, and prO-vIsion was made for his support. SmaU as were their numbers, and Umited as were their means, they resolved to place themselves In a position, where they should be able in future to give a liberal support to those who should become their spiritual guides. In AprU, 1693, they pur chased of the town of Cambridge, for this purpose, "twelve 316 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. acres of common land on the east side of the causeway, and the rest of the common land on the other side, and on the south side of Vine Brook Meadow." This land was subsequently surveyed, and was found to contain one hundred and forty-eight acres. Though this purchase cost the parish at first but eighteen pounds, it laid the foundation for a ministerial fund, which has proved amply sufficient to support a minister. This land was purchased by the parish, and paid for by a tax upon aU within the precinct. When Mr. Estabrook's year expired, the people gladly reen gaged him ; and such was their attachment to him that in the- summer of 1694, they buUt and gave him a house on condition of his becoming their pastor and continuing -with them.' Their pecuniary embarrassments however were such that they made but-slow progress in preparation for his permanent settlement. In AprU, 1696, they made their final proposition ; and on the. third of June following, Mr. Estabrook gave an affirmative answer to their call. His answer is recorded with so much sim pUcity, that we will transcribe It. " Mr. Estabrook was sent for to declare to the people, whether he did accept of the caU of the inhabitants of this place, and whether he would abide with us to be our settled minister. His answer was, ' Yes, he would.' It was asked him how long. He answered, that so far as he knew, so long as he lived, it should not be his fault if he did not ; he had no intent to leave us ; and If he did leave us, he would repay the money expended for the buUding of his house." The caU being accepted, and the day for the ordination fixed, it was agreed that a church . should be organized at the same time. A committee was appointed to make arrangements for the ordination, and to " provide what Is necessary for the enter tainment of the magistral ministers and messengers of the church that day." Neither the church nor the parish records give us any inform ation concerning the council, or the services on the occasion. But Judge SewaU, who was then present as one of the honored magistrates to take cognizance of the estabhshment of a new church, has the foUowing in his manuscript Journal. — " October ' This house was 42 feet by 18. It stood a few rods east of Vine Brook. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 317 21, 1696. A church Is gathered at Cambridge, North Farms ; no relations made, but a Cov'. signed and voted by 10 brethren dismissed from y« churches of Cambridge, Watertown, Woo- burn, and Concord, for the work. Being declared to be a church, they chose Mr. Benjamin Estabrook y"' Pastor, who had made a good Sermon from Jer. 3. 15. Mr. Estabrook the Father managed this, having prayed exceUently : Mr. Willard gave y« Charge; Mr. Fox the Right Hand of F^lowship. Sung part of y= 48th from y« 9th v. to the end, — Q*God, our thoughts. — Mr. Stone and Mr. Fiske thanked me for my assistance there. Cambridge was sent to ; they had no Teach ing officer ; they sent Elder Clark, Hastings, Remington." ' The church which was gathered on that occasion, adopted a covenant founded on the broad principles of the Gospel, and avoiding those controverted doctrines which have often divided the churches. This covenant was signed by the pastor elect, and by David Fiske, Sen., Samuel Stone, Sen., John Russell, Israel Mead, Thomas Cutler, Sen., David Fiske, Jr., Samuel Whitmore, William Reed, John Merriam, Samuel Stone, Jr., and Thomas Merriam. Tlie church was further organized by electing John Merriam and Samuel Stone deacons. There was also added to the church during the nine months of Mr. Estabrook's ministry, by recommendations from other churches, the following persons : Seaborn Fiske, wife of David Fiske, Sen., Sarah Stone, wife of Samuel Stone, Sen., Elizabeth Russell, wife of John Russell, Elizabeth Winship, wife of Ephraim Winship, severally from the church of Cambridge ; Sarah Merriam widow, Sarah Fiske, wife of David Fiske, Jr., Dorcas Stone, wife of Samuel Stone, Jr., Mary Merriam, wife of John Merriam, severally from the church of Concord ; and Abigail Reed, wife of Capt. William Reed from the church of Woburn. There were also admitted on their own profession during Mr. Estabrook's labors, Joseph Simonds and his wife Mary, Matthew Bridge and his wife Abi- gaU, Jonathan Poulter and his wife Elizabeth, Philip Russell, Joseph Stone, Mary Winship, Abigail Cutler, wife of Lieut. ' For this, and several other important facts connected with the history of the church, we are indebted to Rev. Samuell SewaU of Burlington. 318 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Thomas Cutler, Mary Johnson, wife of John Johnson, and Ruth Locke, wife of Samuel Locke. Thus a church of thirty-three members was gathered In about nine months from the settlement of their first minister. This of Itself shows the success with which his labors were blessed. The relation between Mr. Estabrook and his people was a happy one, and promised to be productive of much good. He had been wilH them several years before his settlement, and hence knew th^m well, and was known of them. The relation of pastor and people, at all times solemn and endearing, had in this case a peculiar interest, having all the ardor of the first love. He was their first pastor, and they his first flock. It was the union of kindred hearts, given In early life ; and the happy fruits of this union show that the attachment had been mutual, and that the confidence on either hand had not been inisplaced. Both pa,rties were undoubtedly congratulating themselves on this new relation, and anticipating years of happiness and prosperity. But how delusive sometimes are human hopes ! He whose wisdom Is unsearchable, and whose ways are past finding out, saw fit to sunder these ties. On the 22d of July, 1697, when he had completed only nine months of his ministry, he was called from his earthly labors. Thus was a young and confiding parish deprived of their first minister, and a young, devoted minister, torn from the people of his choice ! Rev. Benjamin Estabrook was son of Rev. Joseph Estabrook, of Concord, who came to this country in 1660, and entered Harvard College, "where he was graduated In 1664. He settled in Concord in 1667, where he remained till his death, in 1711, which was in the seventy-first year of his age and the forty- fourth of his ministry. Benjamin Estabrook was born February 24, 1671,^ was graduated at Harvard, 1690, and commenced preaching in Lexington in 1692. In November, 1693, he married Abigail Willard, daughter of Rev. Samuel Willard, then of the Old South Church in Boston. Mr. Estabrook was highly esteemed by his people, and left the reputation of a pious and devoted servant of the Lord. Though he was only twenty- six years of age, when called hence, he had already established ' For a more full account of the Estabrook family, see Genealogical Register in another part of this volume. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 319 a reputation which gave promise of distinction in his profession. He was buried in Lexington, and his tombstone bears this inscription : Here lies interred the Remains ov Mr. Benjamin Estabrook, Late and first Pastor of the Church OF Christ in this Place; Son TO the Rev. Mr. Joseph Estabrook, Pastor of the Church in Concord; Who departed from us to Christ, July 22, A. D. 1697, Aged 26 years and 5 months. Virtus Anteit Annos. Immediately on the death of Mr. Estabrook, measures were adopted to obtain a candidate for setflement. A meeting was called November 27th, " to consider the procuring of some help in the ministry : Then there was made choyce of Mr. John Hancock to preach with us tiU May foUowinge, in order to further settlement. It was also agreed that Mr. Hancock should have eighteen shilUngs a weeke, and bare his own charges tUl May." Mr. Hancock commenced preaching at Cambridge Farms, December 12, 1697, and in February following, "It was voted by the majore part of y° people that were present, that Mr. ¦Hancock should bee further In-rited to continue with us for a settlement, and Dea. Samuel Stone and Lt. David Fiske were made choyce of by y° companye to traatte with Mr. Hancock about his setteUing with us." It seems that the committee chosen to " traatte " with Mr. Hancock, were successful in their preliminaries at least ; for in March, 1698, says the record, "The sallerrye that was formerlye granted to y^ Reverend Mr. Benjamin Estabrook, was a second time granted and conformed to Rev. Mr. John Hancock." " It was alsoe voted that they wIU give the Rev. Mr. John Hancock four score pounds In money e towards his settlement, j' one-half in y* yeare 1698, and y^ other half in yeare 1699." The preliminaries being settled, the church by " a unanimuse, votte " proposed " to prosede to the ordination of Mr. Hancock, in convenient time," and the congregation on the 6th of Septem- 41 320 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. ber, 1698, "vetted -without the church on the affirmative, — very fully — at a fiiU mettinge." The second day of November, 1698, was agreed upon for the ordination, and provision was made by the parish for the enter tainment of the councU. The further proceedings on the occa sion we wUl give in the language of the church records, -written by Mr. Hancock himself. " Five churches were sent unto to carry on the work of said day, viz : the South Church of Christ in Boston, the churches of Christ In Cambridge, Ne-wtown, Concord and Woburn, — the elders and messengers appeared, and in the morning, Mr. WiUard being moderator, they preceded, having made way for It, and earnestly emploring Heaven's blessing on the affairs of the day, unto ordination. Rev. Mr. WUlard giving the charge, and Rev. Mr. Joseph Estabrook, the right hand of fellowship ; — the elders of the other churches assisted by laying on of hands." Mr. Hancock being thus settled over the church and society at Cambridge North Precinct, continued their pastor tUl his death in 1752, having had a peaceful and prosperous ministry oi fifty- four years. Rev. John Hancock was son of Nathaniel Hancock of Cambridge, (now Ne-wton.) He was bom December, 1671, entered Harvard College in 1685, where he was graduated in 1689. He was ordained, as we have already stated, November 2, 1698. He married Elizabeth Clark, daughter of Rev. Thomas Clark, of Chelmsford, by whom he had five chUdren — three sons and two daughters. Ebenezer, son of Rev. John Hancock, of Lexington, was bom December 7, 1710. He was graduated at Harvard, 1728, and prepared himself for the ministry. He was a young man of great promise ; and received a unanimous invitation to settle at Sherborn, as successor to Rev. Mr. Baker. But the people of Lexington, fuUy impressed -with his meek, unostentatious piety, and pleased with his easy manners and popular eloquence, gave him an earnest in-ritation to settle with them, as colleague -with his father. Ebenezer did not long hesitate between these calls. The desire to aid his father in his declining years. Induced him to accept the invitation of Lexington. The 2d day of January, 1734, was fixed upon by the parties, and on that day Rev. Ebenezer Hancock was solemnly set apart as a co-laborer with ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 321 his father in the ministry of Christ. Seven churches were Invited to take part in the ordination, viz : the church of Christ in Weston, the two churches of Watertown, and the churches of Newton, Cambridge, Medford and Bedford. Rev. Mr. Hancock, the father, preached the sermon, and gave the charge, and the Rev. Mr. WilUams, of Weston, the right hand of feUowshlp. Though the son engaged ardently In the work of the ministry, for the two-fold purpose of promoting the cause of his divine Master, and of Ughtening the burden of his devoted and pious father, then upon the shady side of sixty-three, he did not live long to sustain his hoary hairs. Rev. Ebenezer Hancock died January 28, 1740, when he had just completed the sixth year of his ministry. He died greatly beloved and universally lamented, in the thirty-first year of his age. He was never married. Of the two daughters of Rev. John Hancock, we wIU simply say that Eliza, born Febmary 5, 1705, married Rev. Jonathan Bowman, of Dorchester; and Lucy, born AprU 20, 1713, married Rev. Nicholas Barnes, of Bedford.^ Though Mr. Hancock was distinguished in his famUy, he was more distinguished for his own personal merit. He was very eminent in his day for -wisdom, piety, and fideUty In the cause of his di-vine Master ; and for a happy talent at preventing discord, and healing animosities among his people. And from a great respect for his age, services, gravity and dignified deportment, he was long honored with the appeUation of Bishop. For nearly thirty years he was the senior minister in this part of the coimty of Middlesex ; had for many years presided in most of the councUs for ordination within Its bounds ; and had given the solemn charge to twenty-one ministers, the last of whom was the late Dr. Cushing of Waltham, at their induction Into office. He had the reputation of being a peace-maker ; and his advice and fatherly counsel were frequently sought by the neighboring churches, and to them his decision was generaUy the end of strife. He was remarkable for his Industry and devotion to his pro- •For a more particular account of the Hancock family, see Genealogical Reg- bter connected herewith. 322 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. fession. He was early in the morning in his study, and early in the week at his preparations for the Sabbath. In this way he was always apparently at leisure, and ready to receive and enter tain all those whom his social habits called to his house. By being systematic and studious, he was always master of his o-wn time ; and by being always industrious, he was apparently always at leisure. His success In his profession is evidence of his fideUty. During his ministry, there were four hundred and forty-five added to the church by profession, and thirty-two by letters of dismission and recommendation from other churches ; one hundred and eighty owned the covenant, and one thousand six hundred and thirty-seven were baptized. Mr. Hancock was what might be denominated Calvinistic In his theology ; and yet his grasp of mind and acquaintance with the world, and his great good sense, made him liberal and chari table to others. WhUe his own mind was made up, and his own opinions formed, he was -willing that others should adopt the same manly course, and judge for themselves. In his sermon at the ordination of Ins son at Braintree, he says, "Where there Is so much work to be done, and work of such Importance, It calls for dUigence and fidelity. It Is God's work, and must not be done negUgently ; it is the soul's work, and must not be done slightly ; it is a great work, and of eternal consequences, and must be done faithfully. Unfaithfulness in the minister is more unpardonable than in another man, for hereby the cause of Christ, and the souls of men are betrayed. Who would make an unfaithful person a ruler over his goods ? Let ministers learn their dependence both for assistance and success. The power that can furnish you unto this work, and give you success, is from above. 'Tis not from men, but from God. Men may pray over you, and put their hands upon you, and bless you in the name of the Lord ; but they cannot bestow the gift of the Holy Spirit upon you. They can confer orders^ but they cannot convey grace." This extract shows the tone and spirit of his -preaching, when young men are set apart for the ministry. We -wiU give a Bpecimen of his bold and manly preaching before the rulers of the Colony. It is from a pubUc lecture deUvered before, the authorities. "IwiU speak unto great men, about what? Not ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 323 about matters of state, but of religion. Not about their farms or their merchandise, but about their souls. Not about such things as are merely temporal, but about things which are spiritual and eternal. Great men are a part of a minister's charge, and must be addressed at proper seasons, and on proper occasions. The ministers of Christ are to take heed to all their flock over which the Holy Ghost hath made them overseers ; and the great men in some congregations, make up a consider able part of the flock. It is the greatest pride and vanity that can be, for any to think themselves too great to be spoken to, about the duties they are to perform, or about their sins and their faults, that they may amend them. However, ministers must speak to them in the name of the Lord, whether they will hear or forbear." " Great men are not always good ; It would be weU, It would be happy for all states and governments, if they were. Indeed, they ought to be good, yea, to be the best of men ; yet many times they are the worst — scourges of the world, and plagues of mankind." There Is another trait in Mr. Hancock's character, which must not be passed over without notice. He was highly social ; not merely fond of society, but had a vein of humor or wit In which he would often indulge. This pleasant, facetious disposition, rendered his society Interesting to the young, and so gave him a hold upon their affections, which few ministers ever enjoyed. Many anecdotes are related of Mr. Hancock, showing hisface- tlousness, and the great control he had over his people even in temporal affairs. Two neighbors could not agree upon the division Une between their lands — each claimed more land than the other would yield. The dispute rose high, and a law suit was threatened. Mr. Hancock, hearing of the dispute, called the parties together, took them upon the ground, and asked ttem to make theu: statements. When they had concluded, he .took a stake and stuck It into the ground, and said, "there, neighbor A. , your land comes to this stake ; and neighbor B. , don't you encroach upon your neighbor beyond that point." It ia only necessary to say that this was the end of the strife. Such was the confidence reposed in him, and such the influence which he exerted over them, that his decisions were acquiesced in, though sometimes made without invitation or aU the forms of law. 324 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. It was customary In some of the early churches to have elders, as assistants to their pastors, in some of their duties, and some times they officiated as teachers. There happened to be two members of Mr. Hancock's church who had an IncUnation to fiU such an office, and called upon Mr. Hancock to confer with him upon the subject. They stated to him that his labors were ardu ous, and he somewhat in years, and they thought it might be some relief to him to have two elders chosen. Mr. Hancock told them that he thought well of the subject ; but expressed some doubt whether any persons could be found who would accept the position. To relieve his mind on that point, they modestly hinted that they might be induced to accept the place to relieve him. "WeU," said Mr. Hancock, "I should be very glad to have elders chosen, and should rejoice to have such gen tlemen as you are fiJl those positions. I suppose you know the duty of such officers?" "No," replied one of the gentlemen, " we do not ; but we know that you understand the whole matter, and could easUy Inform us." "Well," said Mr. Hancock, "the duties of elders have never heretofore been very well defined in the church, but latterly they have settled down to this — the younger elder Is to brush down, and harness the pastor's horse, when he wishes to ride out ; and the elder elder is to accompany the pastor, when he goes out of town, and pay his expenses. I should like very well to have such officers chosen." The gentle men being taken somewhat by surprise, let the subject subside, and made nO further effort for the choice of elders. One of his brethren In the ministry, who knew him well, thus speaks of this turn of rrilnd.' " That facetious temper and turn of wit which were natural to him, and which some people of a different make might think abounded, he made a very good use of in general, and it served to scatter the clouds of melan choly that hung upon some people's spirits, and to stir up a pleasant cheer fulness within them. He did thereby soften men's tempers, and correct their ill humors, and bring the fretful, the angry, and the revengeful, into a calm, peaceable, and forgiving frame. As you have had the reputation of being a peaceable people, I believe you will readily grant that it has been very much owing to the pleasant, prudent, and pacific counsels of your deceased pastor." ' Discourses delivered at Lexington the Sabbath after the death of Mr. Hancock, by Mr. Appleton of Cambridge. ECCLESLA.STICAL AFFAIRS. 325 Mr. Hancock had great wisdom and sagacity in managing the affairs of his parish. Though he was a close student, and a good biblical scholar, he did not confine his study to books alone. He mingled with his people, and so learned not only their wants, but their habits and tum of mind — the secret springs of action by which they were moved, and so was enabled to guide, and in a manner control them. Mr. Appleton bears testimony to this In the following passage : " He was eminently fitted for this place in its infant state, when you were few in numbers, and needed a man of such wisdom and prudence to advise and assist you in your outward and civil, as well as spiritual con cerns. And I believe it will be allowed that but few people have had so great help, benefit and comfort of a minister in all respects, as this people have had in Mr. Hancock. Few ministers have been so much concerned in the various affairs of their people, as he was in yours ; and yet I never heard him taxed of being in the least a faulty busybody in other men's matters ; for you yourselves were so sensible of his wisdom, and the good ness of his capacity, and readiness to direct and advise you, that as I have understood, you seldom or never engaged in any important or difficult affair without consulting him upon it." The wisdom of Mr. Hancock is perhaps in nothing more con spicuous than in the manner In which he met and controlled the great movement of his day, which was denominated new-light- ism. Nothing had occurred to awaken the church or to call forth Its energies for a long period, and most of the clergy had faUen into a state of stupor. This condition of things excited the attention, and aroused the energies of such men as WhltefielcJ, and their new-light, as it was called, spread rapidly on both sides of the Atlantic. Many of our churches were excited, distracted, and rent asunder. Many of our clergymen, waking up from their slumbers, and seeing a little more Interest manifested In matters of reUgion, fancied that the Gospel was about to be lost in the blind frenzy of the age ; and they declared a war of exter mination against this new movement. Others caught the fire, and without stopping to inquire whether it were a true or a false zeal, plunged into the whirlpool, and suffered themselves to be carried in every direction by its blind eddies. The church at Concord was severed in twain, that of Medford was greatly agi tated ; and others were more or less disturbed by this new order of things. CouncUs were caUed, books were written, and aU 326 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the artiUery of the church mUitant was put in requisition to oppose the spread of what some deemed a dangerous heresy. But in the midst of this commotion Mr. Hancock moved steadUy forward, being aware that the religious as weU as the natural world would have its seasons of refreshing as weU as of drought ; and that what was looked upon as the work of the enemy, was but the natural result of the apathy into which the churches had fallen. Instead, therefore, of opposing this spirit of awakening in his society, he avaUed himself of it, gave It the right direction, and added many to his church. He was fully aware that these seasons of pecuUar religious Interest would come, and had, as early as 1728, added nearly eighty to his church in a single year. So, in 1741, and 1742, in the midst of this new-light movement, he made about the same accession to his church, and that without any foreign aid, or unnatural effort. WhUe some of the neighboring clergy were attempting to smother this religious feeUng, and thereby stifle the sincere aspirations of pious souls, and others were fanning the flame, and thereby converting it into a wUd and dangerous conflagra tion, Mr. Hancock, with truly enUghtened zeal, was guiding this spirit of inquiry and feeling of devotion, and thereby aiding the cause of true reUgion. Not, however, that Mr. Hancock was wanting in manly. Inde pendence. He knew and realized, that the pulpit had its rights, and that to secure these rights, he must recognize the rights of the pews. His intimate acquaintance with his people, his minute knowledge of their wants, their feelings, their infirmities, and even their prejudices, enabled him so to approach every subject of interest, as to obtain a candid hearing, and Impress a salutary lesson upon his hearers. He did not dweU in the musty past, nor In the misty future. He was a man of the present ; ready however to study the past that he might obtain knowledge to guide him in the future. He was conservative, and at the same time progressive ; desirous of bringing about a reformation, by implanting gospel principles in the heart. He was more emu lous of being a faithful minister than a noted reformer — fuUy realizing the oft forgotten truth, that no reformation is abiding which flows not from Christian principle. With these views and with that great good sense obtained by an intimate acquaint- ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS, 327 ance with human infirmities, he availed himself of all the real advantages of the Whitefield movem'ent, without producing any of those convulsions which disturbed many parishes, and alienated those of the same household. We have already seen that Ebenezer Hancock, who was setr' tied as a coUeague to relieve his father, died after about six years' labor. His father, at the death of the son, was nearly seventy years of age, yet he continued for more than ten years to dis charge the arduous duties of his office up to the Sunday before his death. And It was remarked by his cotemporaries, that he spoke -with nearly the same firmness and vigor at the age of eighty, that he did at the age of forty. But the firmest consti tution must yield ; the most devoted laborer must cease from his toU. We cannot better describe his sudden and unexpected death, than by copying from the title page of two discourses deUvered at Lexington the Sabbath after his funeral, by Rev. Mr. Appleton, of Cambridge : — " Going to bed as well as usual, the night after the 5th of December, (1752,) and awaking some time after midnight -with great pain in his stomach, died In a few minutes. In the eighty-second year of his age, and, the fifty- fourth of his- ministry." One thing which stands out promlnenfly on the church records of that day, is the discipline of the church, evinced by the public confessions, which were made before the church p,nd congrega tion. That these confessions were not always effectual, appears from the fact that some of the members were arraigned th© second time for the same offence. We have already seen that John Merriam and Samuel Stone were chosen deacons at the organization of the church, in 1696. Deacon Stone died 1703, and Samuel Stone, Jr., was elected in his place. In 1715. In the year foUowing, Joseph Estabrook, a brother of their first minister. Rev. Benjamin Estabrook, was chosen deacon. In 1727, on the death of Deacon Merriam, Joseph Brown was chosen to fiU his place. In 1733, Deacon Joseph Estabrook died, and the church made choice of John Laughton, who, in. 1744, was dismissed to the church In Har vard ; and Joseph Estabrook, son of deacon Joseph, was chosen in his stead. He died, 1740. In 1743, John Stone and Joseph 42 328 mSTORY OF LEXINGTON. Loring were chosen to that office. The former died in 1762, and the latter in 1746. ¦ Rev. Mr. Hancock not only performed aU the duties in his own parish, but was often caUed to the neighboring towns, when they were without a settled pastor, to administer the ordi nances to the destitute churches. In November, 1705, he was called to Groton, where he administered the Supper, and baptized twenty-four persons. Subsequently he baptized nineteen more in that town. The same year he administered the ordinance to sixteen persons in Chelmsford ; and during his ministry he bap tized about fifty other persons in the neighboring towns, a Ust of which he preserved. Mr. Hancock appears to have been very accurate and careful in keeping a record of aU his acts and doings ; but unfortunately the records of his marriages before 1750, are lost — a loss which is severely felt In preparing the genealogies of many of the early famUies of Lexington. Though Mr. Hancock preached on many public occasions, his only printed discourses are the foUowing : 1. A sermon at the general election, 1722 — text, Luke, xxU. 25. 2. A sermon at the ordination of his son John, in Braintree, 1726 — text, Luke, xxlv. 49. 3. A sermon at the ordination of his son Ebenezer, in Lexington, 1734 — text, 2 Cor., I. 24. 4. A sermon at the public lecture in Boston, November 21, 1734, before his ExceUency the Governor and the General Court — text, Jer., v. 5. 5. A sermon at the ordination of Rev. Timothy Harrington,. in Lancaster, November 16, 1748 — text, 1 Cor., ix. 19. CHAPTER XIII. ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, FROM THE SETTLEMENT TO THE DEATH OF MR. CLARKE. The Call and Settl^pient of Rev. Jonas Clarke — Introduction of Tate and Brady's Version of the Psalms — Mr. Clarke's Death and Character. The loss of such a pastor as Rev. Mr. Hancock, was duly realized by his devoted people. They not only showed their respect for his memory, but they decided promptly and with great wisdom, that they could best subserve the great cause to which he had devoted his long and active Ufe, by embracing the first reasonable opportunity of settling another man. Conse quently, at a meeting held May 18, 1753, they not only chose a committee to supply the pulpit, but instructed them to " make diUgent Inquiry after a suitable gentleman to settle." Realizing the importance of the subject, and remembering the teaching of their late pastor, that God would by his providence guide those who meekly called upon him for aid, before making the selection they appointed a day of " fasting and prayer," and invited the clergymen of the neighboring towns to meet with them on the occasion, to enUghten them by their wisdom, and aid them by their prayers. On the 19th of May, 1755, the town concurred with the church and extended a caU to Mr. Jonas Clarke to become their pastor — offering him a salary of eighty pounds and twenty cords of wood, and one hundred and thirty-three pounds as a settlement. The caU being accepted, the ordination took place on the 5th of November, 1755. Between the death of Mr. Hancock and the. settlement of Mr. Clarke, a period of about three years, six were admitted to the church by letters of dismission from other churches, four owned 330 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. the covenant, and fifty-six were baptized. Two members were in the meantime dismissed to other churches. ¦ After the labors of a public servant as able and falthfiil as Rev. Mr. Hancock, and one who was so highly esteemed by his people,' and respected by the community at large, they could hardly expect to find a man who would come fuUy up to the same standard. And yet Mr. Clarke entered upon the work of the ministry, and succeeded in meeting public expectation, so that in a few years he gained the entire confidence of his people, and acquired a reputation In the community, such as but few clergymen ever enjoy. He soon exhibited powers which were not to be circumscribed by the periphery of a purish, or confined to the ordinary routine of professional duties. After the settlement of Mr. Clarke, the cause of religion received a new impulse, twenty-seven being admitted to the church during the first year of his ministry. At a meeting of the church, AprU 20, 1756, It was voted unanimously to choose two deacons, and James Brown and Joseph Loring were elected. The affairs of the church went on prosperously under Mr. Clarke, and nothing worthy of note occurred tUl 1766, when the church was convened to elect a deacon, and Jonas Stone waa chosen. At the same time there was read a petition of twenty- four members to know the minds of the brethren relative to the Introduction of Tate and Brady's version of the Psalms, together -with a select number of Dr. Watts's Scriptural Hymns, to be sung in public, instead of the New England version of Psalms then In use. "After some debate upon the matter, the church voted to refer the consideration of said petition to Thursday, October 2d, next ensuing, — to which time the meeting was then adjourned." ." At a meeting of the church in Lexington, by adjournment, October 2d, 1766, admitted Jonas Stone, by a letter of dis mission from the church of Christ In Rutland. Considered the petition above mentioned, as read in the church meeting Septem ber 4, 1766, and voted to Introduce Brady and Tate's version of the Psalms, together with a collection of Dr. Watts's Scriptural Hymns, to be sung in public, instead of the New England ver sion of the Psalms that has been in use among us." ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 331 The church voted by yeas and nays, and upon sorting and counting the votes, it appeared that there was a majority of three to one. "Voted also to elect some person to set the Psalm or tune, and lead in the singing for six Sabbaths next ensuing upon trial or UMng, as a further attempt for regular and religious Improve ment In that part of dl-rine worship." "The brethren then brought in their votes, from which it appeared that Robert Harrington, Jr. , was unanimously chosen to this service." The change of hymn books in a religious society is frequently the cause of no Uttle dissension and difficulty ; and what is true of the book itself, is more strikingly true of anything which relates to the singing. Those who are blessed with a delicate ear for music, are said to be naturally sensitive In their feeUngs ; and whUe they abhor anything like discord In their musical per formances, they do not always banish it from the choir. But the society in Lexington, under Mr. Clarke, appears to have been free from aU difficulty of this kind. They seem to have been sensible that an Improvement could be made by dropping the New England version of the Psalms, and Introducing the version of Tate and Brady, -with selections from Watts. A sUght comparison of these versions would show at once that they were influenced both by sound judgment and good taste. The New England version was prepared in 1640, by the leading divines of New England; among whom Rev. John EUot, Rev. Richard Mather, and Rev. Mr. Weld, were the most prominent In this work. When the several portions were versified, the whole was committed to Rev. Henry Dunster, President of Harvard College, and Richard Lyon, of Cambridge. The work reflects no great honor upon them as poeti?. This version was used generally by the New England churches up to about the time of which we are speaking. The earliest version used In the English churches, and also in the American churches, was that of Sternhold and Hopkms, which is said to be a very Uteral rendering of the text, but as an elegant versifi cation is far, very far, from being what good taste would require. This perhaps led to the New England version, which was scarcely an improvement upon its EngUsh predecessor. There are stanzas 332 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and even whole psalms in both that are actually barbarous, if not ridiculous. And hence we can pardon the English wit, who thus lampooned one of these versions : " Sternhold and Hopkins had great qualms, When they translated David's Psalms, To make our souls full glad : But had it been poor David's fate. To hear us sing, or them translate, By Jove, 'twould 've made him mad." No wonder the thorough education of Mr. Clarke, and the good sense of his flock, -made them desirous of getting rid of the old version, and of introducing one which would edify their souls without wounding their senses or corrupting their taste. But it seems that they were not satisfied with merely changing their psalm books. They elected a person "to set the Psalm or tune, and lead in the singing, as a further attempt for regular and religious improvement in that part of divine worship." • Probably up to that time they had had what is generaUy denominated congregational singing. In which the whole assem bly took part. The practice long prevaUed in our New England churches of what was caUed " lining the hymn ; " that is, reading one or two lines and then singing them, and so on through the whole hymn. This labor was generally performed by one of the deacons, and hence It obtained the popular designation of " dea coning the hymn." The introduction of the present mode of singing in a choir, and of reading the hymn from the desk, was in many cases a very delicate subject, and one which gave great offence, especially to the deacons, who considered their preroga tive invaded. This practice of reading a psalm or hymn by the line as they sung, probably originated in the scarcity of psalm books ; and the same practice prevaUs now, and for the same reason. In some parts of our country. The Sunday service in the capitol at Washington has been carried on in this manner until recently. A good anecdote, bearing upon this point, is related of the facetious Pierpont Edwards, of Connecticut, of whom it has been said that " he was of godly stock, but of devious inclina tion." In Connecticut, where their parishes were formerly all territorial, and where there were two and even three in a town-r ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 333 ship, and some of them feeble ; the good people in one of these smaU parishes agreed to build a meeting-house. They erected It, and partiaUy covered it with boards ; bu1>- owing to their limited means, and a dissatisfaction growing out of its location, they were unable to do more. The building in this situation stood exposed to the weather, tUl it became so dilapidated that "the rain descended and the winds blew and beat upon that house and it fell." By this time their old feud had subsided, and they resolved to build another church. The timber was collected and framed, and on the appointed day the buUding was erected. After the raising was over, the people collected in a group to sing a psalm, appropriate to aU raisings, but particularly so at the raising of a church. Having no psalm book at hand, they looked aroimd for some one who would be able without a book to repeat the appropriate psalm, and young Edwards, who happened to be present, was selected for that duty. He con sented to perform that service, and repeated in a clear and dis tinct voice the first two lines — " Except the Lord doth build the house. The workmen toil in vain." After singing these lines with becoming emotion, what was their confiision when they heard this wicked wight utter as the remain ing lines of the stanza — " Except the Lord doth shingle it, 'Twill tumble down again." But nothing like this, it Is presumed, ever occurred In the town of Lexington. The change of psalm books and the mode of singing was adopted without difficulty, and Mr. Clarke was so well pleased -with the change that he entered in his diary — "October 19, 1766, began to sing the new version of psalms, and Dr. Watts's hymns." But the Introduction of singing by the choir, and singing from the new psalm book, did not do away the practice of lining the psalm. This continued some fifteen years longer. In November, 1781, the church voted to dispense with reading the hymns by line in pubUc worship, and chose Captain Daniel Harrington to lead the singing. In October, 1787, John Bridge and Nathan Reed were chosen deacons. 334 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Mr. Clarke died November 15, 1805, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and the fifty-first of his ministry. He was bora December 11, 1730, and was graduated at Harvard, 1752.^ During his ministry, three hundred and sixty-five were added to the church by profession, and ten by letters from other churches. Sixty-nine o-wned the covenant, and one thousand and sixty-nine were baptized. Few towns have been blessed with more distinguished clergy men than Lexington, In the persons of Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke. They were both eminent for talents, for piety, for fidelity — for everything which could recommend the preacher or the pastor, the citizen or the man. And hence both were greatly esteemed by their people, and respected by the pubUc at large. The aggregate length of their ministry was one hundred and four years. The influence of each of these clergymen was great, not only in the town, but in the community around them. It Is not too much to say that Lexington owes Its standing and character more to these eminent divines, than to any other men who ever resided within her borders. A history of Lexington, without the mention of Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke, would be as defective as a history of the Jewish Dispensation without the mention of Moses, or a history of the American Revolution without the mention of Washington. Mr. Clarke, was distinguished himself and in his family, as' will be seen In the Appendix. His Influence was felt In his parish and in the Colony. We have seen his devotion to the affairs of state ; but this did not lead to a neglect of parocliial duties. There were no jars or difficulties in his church or society; everything went on smoothly, to the satisfaction of aU concerned. Nor did this quiet arise from indifference^ or inattention to the spiritual wants of his people. No minister was more faithful, or preached the Gospel with, more fideUty. The additions to his church show that he preached with earnest ness and power. The fact that under his guidance the young men in his society formed themselves into an association for reUgious improvement and edification,' Is the best commentary upon his religious influence. This society he cherished -with ' For a fuD account at his pedigree and f8ntily> see Genealogical Begisteri ap pended to this work. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 335 special care, as he regarded it a safeguard to the young, and a nursery of the church. Mr. Clarke had a just appreciation of the ministerial office, as will appear from an extract from his sermon delivered at the ordination of Mr. Josiah Bridge, in East Sudbury, November 4, 1761. Addressing the candidate, he said : " Dear Sir, as you now present yourself before God and his people, to take part of this ministry, we trust you do it, not as the horse rushes into the battle, without consideration, but as the result of the most serious, solemn, and prayerful deliberation. The office you take upon yourself is high and responsible, the work you are engaged in is great and arduous, the charge you are to receive important and solemn, and the account you must render of your stewardship at the last day, awfully strict and impar tial. To magnify your office, to be faithful in your work, and to keep the charge you are to receive of the Lord, will therefore be your constant care and most ardent endeavor, as you desire to lift up your head and give up your account with joy in the day of Christ. Your sacred regard for the glory of God, "and the honor of Christ, will excite you to make his Word and his Gospel the sole standard of your faith and practice — ' a light to your feet, and a lamp to your path.' And jealous of the liberty wherewith Christ has made you free, and willing that your brethren should freely enjoy the same, you will, we trust, never dishonor yourself, disgrape the ministry, or displease your Lord by receiving or imposing the schemes of fallible men, however great or good, as a rule of faith and practice." In doctrine, Mr. Clarke held the views which were generally prevalent at that day ; but he held them In meekness and charity. He was a pious and practical, rather than a denunciatory and controversial preacher. And he strove more ardently to make men follow the meek and lowly Jesus, than to array themselves under this or that leader. As a pastor he was faithful and devoted, as a Christian he was meek and resigned, bearing afflic tion, of which he had a full share, with a patience and fortitude rarely excelled, firmly believing that the chastenings of the Loi:d were ordered in wisdom. As a man he was justly esteemed by aU who knew him. Blessed with a social nature, and being attached to the people of his charge, he kept up an Intimate and familiar intercourse with them, and was ever a welcome visitor at their houses. The old and the young were always pleased with his society ; for, to the dignity of the clergyman, which he never laid aside, he added the famiUarity of a friend and the 43 336 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. poirviviality pf a companioij. IJis journal, which he kept upon an interleaved almanac, shows that his house was a place of resort for the young and old of hjs parish, and for the clergymen ^.nd distinguished persons from abroad. His journal also shows his method in business, and his careful attention to the most minute affairs. The daily state of the weather, the occurrence of remarkable events, the visitors who called upon him, the journeys he or any of his famUy performed, the visiting of the schools, the catechising of the children, the deaths in his parish and of distinguished indivldu3.1s out of his parish, are all care fully noted. Nor did the more doinestic affairs escape his atten tion — th^ ploughing of his ground, the gathering of his harvest — even the bringing in of his cabbages and squashes, the kUling of a calf or a pig, and other matters pertaining to his household affairs, are set down — all going to show that -vyhlle hp was relig iously devoted to his charge a^ a pastor, and to his country as a citizen, he did not neglect minor matters, or suffer the smallest interest to languish in his hands. He was a man of method and of industry. As a farmer, by care and good management he was able on a small salary to rear up a large family, cultivate hi,s land, ^.nd to leave nnincunibered at his death a farm of sixty acfes. Nor did his devotion to worldly affairs lead him to neglect his religious duties. Rev. WUliam Ware, a famUy connectlop of Mr. Clarke, informs us that he had seen a manuscript sermon of Mr. Clarke's, numbered 2,179, -wbioli would make an average oi fifty-six sermons a year during \is, whole ministry at Lexington. When it Is considered that hi? sermons would occupy a full hour in their delivery, fifty-six original sermons In a year must require great labor botii of body and pf mind. He also pubUshed several discourses.^ ' Mr. Clarke's publications are : — f ' • ' ' ' I' . ¦ 1, A sermon preached to a religious society of young men in Lexington, 1761 — text, Prov. i. 9. 2. A sermon at the ordination of Rev. Josiah Bridge, in East Sudbury, 1761 — text, Luke x, 3 and, 16. Z,. A sermon at the Artillery Election, 176S — text, 2d Chron. xvii. 16. 4. A sermon on the use and excellency of vocal music in public worship, 1770 -r- text, Ps. xlvii. 6, 7,. 6. A sermon delivered April 19, 1776, with an Appendix containing a,narrv ¦tive of the events of April 19, 1775. ECCLESlASTICAi AJFAIRS. 337 His p^sonal appearance Was natuaally dignified and cditt- manding, and this was heightened in the desk by his clerical costume of gown, cassock, and bands, and a wig of immense dimensions and of snoWy whiteness. He was also characterized by a neatness so extreme as to serve as a constant rebnke to the Want of this graceful virtue in his people. His eloquence was of a commandmg character. His voice Was powerfiU and agree able, and when excited by his subject, which was frequently the ease, it extended beyond the bounds of the mteeting-hbuse, and coiUd be distinctly heard' by those in the immediate neighbor hood. But Mr. Clarke, though eminent as a divine, was sbinething more than is usuaUy implied in that designation. To his knowl edge of the Scriptures and whatever else is generaUy supposed to appertain to the clerical profession, he added a' knowledge Of men, in their Individual and in their assod&ited capacity, and had broad' and correct views of civU polity ; st? that he might be denominated a statesman as weU as a divine. But though he Was distinguished in both these relations, he did not ptit these characters on and off at pleasure, assuming the one at one tittle, and the other at another. In' hirii the divine and the statesman were coexistent — dweUIng together in perfect' harinany, prompt ing at aU times to deeds politically religious and' religiously political. Consequently he did not sink the statesman when he' acted tiie (Evinfe, nor the divine' when he ateted the statesman. His theology did not begin and end In certaini abstract si)ectila- tions upon the di-rine government in the' narrow and restricted g-ense of that term. He Intew that the Alnri^hfy Ruler of the' universe, not only performed in hiS' wUt; in the armies' of heaven, but among the inhabitants of the earth j and' that the great prin ciples of the divine governments should be studied in- their rela- 6. A sermon- at the General Election, 1781 — text, Ps. xlvii. 8, 9. 7. A sermon on the death of Rev; Samuel Cooper,. D.D.,, Brattle street, Boston, 1783. 8. A sermon at the ordination of Rev. Joseph Efstabrook, at Athol,, 1787 — tfext, Jer. iii'. 15. 9: A sermon- at the ordination of Resv. "William Maziy, in'Suflivani N. H., 1798 — text, 1st Thess. ii. 4. In addition to his other labors,, hft wrote numerous state papers, of whichwe have spoken elsewhere. 338 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. tions to civU society. He fiUly realized that man was created for society, and that many of his duties and obligations grew out of the relations which society Imposed. Consequently, he viewed the study of human government as an important part of an enlightened theological education. Entertaining these views, he never put off the character of the clergyman, but brought the solemn sanctions of religion to bear upon aU purposes of state. With him, patriotism was not a blind attachment to one's own country, but a reUgious obliga-. tion to the land in which we Uve. On this principle, he ani mated our fathers to stand by the Interests of the Colonies, as one of their highest duties. Regarding aU true government as gro-wing out of the great plan of the Almighty, and beUeving that form of government best, which approached nearest to the divine standard, he was one of the most ardent and active friends of Uberty ; and did more perhaps than any clergyman in this vicinity to prepare the pubUc mind for that sanguinary straggle which gave us a place among the nations of the earth. He was an Intimate friend of Samuel Adams and John Hancock, and a feUow laborer with them in the cause of liberty. To his house they frequently repaired, where they always met with a most cordial welcome, and drew the fire of patriotism from the sacred altar of religion. His counsels are kno-wn to have had a great, and perhaps a controlUng influence upon John Hancock, at a time when he was supposed to be in doubt relative to his duty. Mr. Clarke's character for patriotism was so weU understood, that aU the ardent friends of liberty used to frequent his house ; and they never left unlnstructed, or unwarned with truly reU gious, patriotic ardor. His patriotism being engrafted upon the holy principles of his religion, it was modest and unobtrusive, but as firm and as abiding as the source whence It drew its nour ishment. However dark the dispensation, or gloomy the pros pect, he was always cheered -with the hope — nay, animated -with the conviction, that if we were falthfiil to the trust committed to our care, we should ultimately triumph. And though he was a man of peace, and would sacrifice everything but principle to preserve a fiUal regard for the mother country, when he witnessed her wanton encroachments upon our just rights, and her deter mination to reduce us to a state of vassalage, he believed that it ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS, 339 was our religious duty to raise the standard of revolt, and resist the attacks of the oppressor. That Mr. Clarke had just and enlightened views of the science of human government, and an ardent devotion to the great cause of justice and equal rights, wUl be seen by the fol lowing extracts from his Election sermon, preached before His Excellency Governor Hancock and the Honorable Legislature, in 1781. " Were there no civil government, laws, or magistracy, for the preser vation of peace, the guard of liberty, the protection of property and the defence of life, it is easy to see, and without the spirit of prophecy to pre dict, what the event must be ; that anarchy, confusion and blood, slaugh ter, waste and destruction would soon take place in the earth. .The weak would be devoured by the strong, the innocent, like righteous Abel, would become an easy prey to the vicious, abandoned, and ambitious ; and the longest sword must quickly determine the fate of mankind. Hence it appears, I had almost said to demonstration, that under God the supreme ruler, this wise institution of civil government, this richest of temporal blessings to mankind, takes its rise from necessity. " It is true common reason teaches the propriety, convenience points out the advantages, and all the social affections concur to urge the importance of civil government. But they would be at least a feeble safeguard to the peace and order of society, and would never have availed to establish gov ernment over the lawless lusts of vicious, aspiring, or bloodthirsty men. It is necessity — necessity alone which combines men in society, and gives rise to civil government. This necessity, in a great measure at least, is founded in, and takes rise from the lust, corruptions, and vices of man kind. " 'Tis not indeed pretended that any one man or number of men have any natural right of superiority, or inherent claim of dominion or govern mental authority over any other man or body of men. All men by nature are free and equal, and independent in this matter. It is in compact, and in compact alone, that all just government is founded. The first steps in entering into society, and towards the establishment of civil government among a people, is the forming, agreeing to, and ratifying an original compact for the regulation of the state — describing and determining the mode, departments, and powers of the government, and the rights, priv ileges and duties of the subjects. This must be done by the whole body of the people, or by leaders, or delegates of their choice. This right of the people, whether emerging from a state of nature, or the yoke of oppression, is an unalienable right. It cannot be disposed of or given up by a people, even though ever so much inclined to sell or sacrifice their birthright in this matter. "While the social compact exists, the whole state and its members are 340 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. bpund by it ; and a sacred regard ought to be paid to it. No man, party, order, or body of men in the state have any right, power, or authority to alter, change, or violate the social compact. Nor can any change, amend ment, or alteration be introduced but by common consent. It remains, however, with the community, state or nation, as a public, political' body, at any time, at pleasure, to change, alter, or totally dissolve the constitu tion, and return to a state of nature, or to form a new government as to them may seem meet. These principles being admitted, it is evident that no man or body of men, however great or good — no nation, kingdom or power on earth, hath any right to make or impose a constitution of gov ernment upon a free people. "Equality and independence are the just claim — the indefeasible birth right of men. In a state of nature, as individuals, in society, as states or nations, nothing short of these ever did or ever vrill satisfy a man or a people truly free — truly brave. When opportunity offers, and power is given, it is beyond dispute the duty of the subjected nation to assert its native liberty, to shake off the foreign yoke, and maintain its equality and independence among the nations. " The principles of reason, the laws of nature, and the rules of justice and equity, give men a right to select their form of government. Even God himself, the supreme ruler of the world, whose government is abso lute and uncontrollable, hath ever paid a sacred' attention to this important right — hath ever patronized this interesting claim in the sons of men. The only constitution of civil government that can plead its origin as direct from heaven, is the theocracy of the Hebrews ; but even this form of gov ernment, though dictated by infinite wisdom, and written by the finger of God, was laid before the people fbr their consideration, and was ratified, introduced, and estabUshed by common consent. " A series of oppresfsive measures and lawless claims of arbitrary power, adopted and pursued by the Court of Great Britain in open violation of the most sacred chartered rights, aroused the spirit of liberty in the Iree- born sons of America to the highest pitch. And no other alternative being left them but the sword or slavery, these Colonies hesitated not a moment, but unitedly declared their choice of the former — greatly dared' to be free ! The important die was cast — and the glorious era of liberty commenced. To Hisaven the appeal was made ; and by Heaven the claim was sustained. That God who sitteth upon the throne of his holiness, the Governor- among the nations, the patron of the injured and oppressed; hath pleaded" our cause and maintained our right to freedom, equality, and independence ; and' given us a name among the nations of' the earth. "To rouse our attention, and to give a spring to the noblest exertion, may we not realize the greatness of the cause, and attend to the voice of' our brethren's blood, who have nobly fought and bled in its defence ? O, roy fithers and brethren, all, all is yet at stake. All may yet be lost, if we rise not as one man to the noble cause. How inglorious must it be to fail' at the last ! Where then the pleasing scenes of liberty and independ'ence ! ' where the glorious foundations of safety and freedom which our civil con- ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 341 ititution has laid ! They vanish' — they are gone — they are lost, lost for ever. " But can this be the event? Shall this be the fatal end, the shameful issue of all the glorious exertions that have been made, of all the bitter sufferings that have been endured, of all the precious blood that hath been shedi! Is this possible? Can it be? Forbid it, righteous Heaven ! For bid it, O my country 1 America rises indignant at the slavish thought. Her free-born sons are not so lost tp the sentiments of liberty, the love of country, or the feelings of humanity, as to breathe the most distant idea of such a disgraceful end of this glorious contest, Nor ean they ever be so debased as to retain a wish to survive the loss of liberty, or their country's independence, Much less to stand the tame spectators of the sacrifices that (in such a case) must and will be made of the noble patriots, wise counsellors, faithful rulers, brave commanders and illustrious heroes — and in fine of the best friends and the best blood of America, by the axe or halter, to satiate the rage, and glut the vengeance of a British conqueror ! Or perhaps, that which is still more affecting and degrading, to be doomed to waste away the remains of a wretched life in poverty, chains, slavery, or a cruel imprisonment." These extracts from a discourse deUvered while the war of the Revolution was still raging — extracts, " which those who look at, wiU think too long, but those who read", wIU think too short " — clearly show that Mr. Clarke fully understood the nature of human government, and rightly appreciated the prerogatives of rulers, and the rights and duties of the people. He was also fuUy aware that these rights and privUeges must be guarded with care and watchfulness ; .that freemen must not only know their rights, but must be ready at aU times to ass^t and maintain them, if necessary, even by the sword. Instead therefore of con demning war In all cases, and under all circumstances, he would rather sanctify it, and bring aU military operations under the control of high religious principle. He. had no sympathy for the display of mere brute force, but knew the worth of that true valor which stmck for human rights — for liberty — for God. In a discourse delivered before the Ancient and Honorable ArtUlery Company, In 1768, he presents his views with great clearness and force. " Valor, or true fortitude, is that -virtue by which men are enabled to preserve presence of mind, to possess themselves fully, think clearly, judge wisely, and act with calmness, firmness and . resolution in times of great confusion and tumult, in the midst of the most pressing dangers and per- 342 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. plexing distresses. A virtue which excites to the noblest actions, stimu lates to the boldest enterprises which reason dictates, judgment directs, or duty calls them to engage in. True valor is, therefore, to be considered as a moral virtue, having reason for its foundation, and religion for its encouragement and support. And where courage, valor, or fortitude has reason for its basis, and is encouraged, cultivated and supported by the principles of religion, it becomes a virtue of the highest rank, and prompts to the most heroic undertakings. And when properly employed in a cause worthy of attention, it enables men with a calmness and composure of mind to face the greatest dangers, to stand the severest shocks, to meet undaunted and serene the charge of the most formidable enemy, and all the horrors of war. The want of fortitude is always attended with disgrace and reproach, frequently with shameful defeat, and sometimes with total destruction. But inspired with this virtue, a man may engage the boldest rival in arms, and perform the most glorious exploits." The various resolutions and instructions given to the Repre sentatives of the town from time to time, which are found upon the town records, and of which mention has been made, are all the handy work of Rev. Jonas Clarke. The faithful historian will always delight to do justice to modest, retiring merit, and to bring before the public a name which has slept in the musty records of the past. Considering his education In a profession somewhat removed from politics, his early settlement In a small country village, the scarcity of books at that period, and his habitual devotion to his parochial, and even domestic duties, it Is remarkable that he should be so thoroughly versed in everything relating to affairs of state, and the rights and duties of men under what was then scarcely known to the world, a representative, constitutional government. When we reflect upon this in all its bearings, and find him, even when a young man, so ripe in the wisdom of statesmanship, we can say of him as Canterbury said of his new sovereign : — '• Never was such a sudden scholar made ; Nor never youthful inexperience So soon did loose its seat, as in this man. Hear him but reason in divinity. And, all admiring, with an inward wish You would desire this man were made a prelate. Hear him debate of Commonwealth affairs. And you would say — it hath been all his study. Turn him to any course of policy, The Gordian knot of it, he will unloose FamUiar as his gaiter," ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 343 As Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke were both distinguished in their profession, and each of them labored in the vineyard of their Lord half a century, with eminent success, and each died greatly lamented by the people of the place ; and as the charac ters of these eminent divines are not sufficientiy known by the people of this generation, it is thought that some light may be cast upon the character of each by drawing a parallel between them. But, in the first place, we should clearly understand in what points they agree. No two clergymen out of Boston fiUed a larger space in the public mind, in their respective generations, than Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke. They were both men of distinguished talents, and ardent piety; of great industry and method in business,^ and being well acquainted with the wants of their people, they were eminently successful in their caUing. In theology, their sentiments were very similar, each taking a practical view of the religion they taught. They knew that the Gospel, though a scheme of salvation Into which the angels desire to look, was adapted to the wants of men, and that the earth was the field in which to train men for the skies. Know ing that religion was designed to fit men to dwell together har moniously in heaven, they both strove to induce them to Uve peaceably on earth, as the best preparation for their ultimate abode. But whUe they both labored to make their people benev olent, kind and peaceable as men and as citizens, they were not insensible to the higher aspirations and the immortal destiny of the human soul. Hence they labored to raise men above mere earthly things. In one word, though they taught a pure moral ity, they did not rest in morality alone ; but added thereto an active, ardent piety. Another leading characteristic in both of these servants of the Lord, was that of independence. Though kind and concUiatory, they were both open and frank in the declaration of their views, and their preaching was characterized by a boldness which plainly indicated that they preached not the ' They fortunately lived before the days of clerical effeminacy, when many of our young ministers seem to claim the right " To have a vacation of flix weeks or more. To vieitMoant Washington's peak j To lonnge at the Gien House, or bathe at the shore. And preach bat one sermon a week." 44 344 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. pleasing words of man's -wisdom, but the subUme truths of the Gospel which God had committed to them, and which they would proclaim, whether men would hear or forbear. Agreeing in so many particulars, and conforming so exactly to each other, and to the divine standard of a Christian minister, we can find few traits of character on which to Institute a parallel. But yet it is believed «that there are some points on which they differed, and the exact character of each wUl be best shown by the contrast. Though remarkable for their social qualities, in their intercourse with their fellow-men, Mr. Hancock had more pleasantry, and Mr. Clarke more dignity ; and whUe the former would more frequently unbend himself and indulge in playful wit or humor, the latter would always come down to familiar companionship, but would never put off the character of the clergyman. This difference arose probably more from the tem perament of the two men, than from any real differences of senti ment. Of Mr. Hancock, It may be said that he had more art — more of what may be caUed management, than Mr. Clarke ; though in him It never degenerated into low cunning or craft. He was minutely acquainted -with all the temporal affairs of his people, and here he exerted his influence to a very great extent, and generaUy, it Is believed, for their best good. Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke were weU acquainted with men and things ; but the former knew more of men In their individual character, and the latter in their associated condition. And hence the one was the best calculated to rear up a feeble parish in a new settlement, and the other to guide a rising State. Of inteUectual power, — that creative energy of mind which originates and combines, which meets present emergencies and provides for future contingencies, the preference must be given to Mr. Clarke. If Mr. Hancock's vision was more microscopic, Mr. Clarke's extended over a broader field ; so that the exact observation of the one, was more than compensated by the broader survey of the other. Mr. Hancock could meet the wants of the present, Mr. Clarke could anticipate those of the future. The training of Mr. Hancock's powers was on 'a scale more limited than that of Mr. Clarke's. The former circumscribed his powers to the wants of his parish, and the interests of the churches around him, where he exerted an almost unbounded ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 345 sway ; while the latter entered upon a broader field, and brought his energies to bear upon the affairs of states and the destinies of nations ; and If his influence was not as controlling in his partic ular sphere as his predecessor's was In his, it was only because the field was broader, and the rivals more numerous and distin guished. Mr. Hancock's sphere of labor being more circum scribed, and the themes of his contemplation being more common, his reputation wUl be less lasting than that of Mr. Clarke, who has left his Impress upon subjects which will ever engage the popular mind. But it is unprofitable to pursue this parallel, and point out differences discoverable in these great and good men ; each of whom filled with fidelity the sphere In which he was placed. And as they were perhaps equally successful in the common field, that of the Christian minister. It may be true that if their circum stances had been reversed, we should see as many of the charac teristics of a statesman In Mr. Hancock, as were so eminently displayed by his distinguished successor. The remains of Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke, with their -wives and several members of their famUies, were deposited in the same tomb In the Lexington graveyard, and one common stone marks their resting place. CHAPTER XIV. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. From the Death of Mr, CUrTte to the Present Day, — Mr. Williams invited to become the Pastor, and accepts — His Dismissal — Settlement and Dis missal of Rev. Mr. Briggs — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Swett — Settlement and Death of Rev. Mr. Whitman — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Barrett — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Staples — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Livermore — Settlement of Rev. Mr. Westcott — Second Congregational Society — Labors and Death of Dr. Follen — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Dorr — Ministry of Rev. Mr. Bridge — The Union Society — Settlement of Rev. Mr. Stowe — The Baptist Society and its Clergymen — The Universalist Society and its Clergymen — The Roman Catholic Church — The Orthodox Meeting House. After the death of Mr. Clarke, and before the settlement of his successor, a period of about two years, the church records are quite meagre. In August, 1807, Mr. Avery WiUiams was first heard as a candidate, and on the 8th of October, he received a unanimous invitation to become their pastor. He accepted the call, and was ordained December 30, 1807. Rev. Dr. KendaU, of Weston, preached the sermon ; Rev. Mr. Marrett, of Bur lington, made the consecrating prayer, and Rev. Dr. Cushing, of Waltham, gave the charge. His health failing him, by the advice of his physician Mr. WUliams spent a winter at the South, but obtained no permanent relief. The parish supplied the pulpit during his absence and InablUty to preach". But when It became apparent that his pas toral labors were at an end, by an arrangement with the parish, his connection with them terminated in September, 1815.' His ministry was a successful one. On the 31st of March, 1813, Mr. WUliams preached a century sermon, which was pubUshed. This discourse is well written, and does credit to the author. It is a succinct and weU * For a notice of his family, see Genealogy. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 347 digested sketch of the early settlement of the place. He pays a just tribute to the memories of his predecessors in the ministry, Mr. Hancock and Mr. Clarke. The sermon shows careful re search, sound judgment, and good taste, and reflects great credit upon Mr. WiUiams as a gentleman of accuracy and talents. Such discourses are a valuable contribution to history. In 1819, both church and society extended an invitation to Mr. Charles Briggs to become their pastor. The invitation being accepted, the 28th of AprU, 1819, was agreed upon as the time for the ordination. Rev. Dr. Richmond preached the sermon, and Rev. Dr. Kirkland made the consecrating prayer. There was nothing of special moment which occurred during Mr. Briggs's ministry. The church records, kept by him, are not only meagre, but loose, and compare poorly with those of his predecessors. The records of his marriages, and of the deaths in the parish, are so imperfect as to be of but little value. Mr. Briggs was graduated at Harvard In 1815, and his first and only settlement was at Lexington. His ministry extended over a period of more than sixteen years, and was on the whole a successfiil one, though his health was delicate, and at times he was scarcely able to attend to his ordinary duties. Nevertheless, he retained the affections of the people, who expressed their sym pathy by several gratuities, in consequence of his sickness and feeble health. In 1827, the town voted him five hundred dollars, to be paid out of the Ministerial Fund ; and In 1835 , they voted to give him two hundred dollars in addition to his salary. During this year, his health continuliig feeble, Mr. Briggs requested that his connection with the parish be dissolved, which was granted. The feeUngs of the town towards him, on the sundering of their relations, were fiUly expressed in the following resolution, which was unanimously adopted : — "Resolved, That the First Congregational Society, in Lexington, exceed ingly regret that the health of the Reverend Charles Briggs is such as to render it imprudent for him, with a just regard to himself and family, to fulfill all the duties appertaining to his ministerial office ; that his labors among them hitherto will long be remembered with gratitude and affection ; that his talents and ministerial character eminently entitle him to their highest respect ; that his discreet and conciliatory deportment has been a strong bond of union to this Society ; and that they most deeply sympa thize with him and his family in his present precarious state of health." 348 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. It is due to Mr. Briggs to say, that the last years of his min istry in Lexington, were rendered embarrassing by the unprofit able controversy growing out of the Ministerial Fund. Though he managed prudently, his labors must have been greatly neu tralized by the unhappy state of feeling which pervaded the community. His neglect to give the information, though more than once requested, deprives us of the pleasure of giving a genealogy of his famUy. After the termination of Mr. Briggs's ministry, the parish remained In an unsettled condition for a series of years. The unhappy contest for the possession of the Fund contributed greatly to this divided state of affairs. About a year after Mr. Briggs left the society, Mr. WUliam G. Swett was Invited to become their pastor, with a salary of seven hundred dollars. He accepted the call, and was ordained July 13, 1836. He was son of Colonel Samuel Swett, and graduated at Harvard College, 1828. He was subsequently settled in Lynn. He married Charlotte B. Phinney, daughter of Elias Phinney, Esq., of Lexington. On January 15, 1839, his relations with the society were dissolved at his own request. During his ministry, the controversy relative to the Fund must have made his position unpleasant. His salary of seven hundred dollars being deemed insufficient, two hundred dollars was subse quently added, showing a kind feeling towards him personaUy. After Rev. Mr. Swett left the parish, they continued In a broken state for some time. That disturbing element, the Fund, kept the town In commotion ; and in this distracted state of affairs. It was difficult to find any man who would settle with them. The pulpit was supplied from time to time by such preachers as they could obtain. Rev. George M. Rice supplied for a period. Rev. Mr. Knapp, by temporary engagements, supplied the desk several months ; and after that. Rev. S. B. Craft was employed a year or more. After the close of Mr. Craft's brief ministry. Rev. Samuel J. May supplied the desk about six months. He saw the distracted state of the town, and set himself at work to heal these disorders ; and it Is due to him to say that, by his energetic labors, and concUiatory spirit, he did more towards bringing about an amicable ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 349 adjustment of the bitter controversy about the Fund, than any other man ; for which he received the thanks of the town. In 1845, after the Legislature had provided for the division of the Ministerial Fund between the different societies, the first parish, which, up to that period had transacted their business under a town warrant, organized as a parish, under a warrant issued by WUliam Chandler, justice of the peace. At a meeting, June 30, 1845, the parish voted unanimously to invite Rev. Jason Whitman to become their pastor, on a salary of nine hundred dollars. Mr. Whitman accepted the In-vitation, and July 30, 1845, was agreed upon for his installa tion. Mr. Whitman had previously been settled at Saco, and at Portland, Maine. Immediately after the settlement of Mr. Whitman, the society voted to reconstruct their meeting-house ; and at a meeting held Febmary 9, 1846, William Chandler, Sullivan Burbank, J. Simonds Parker, William Locke, Isaac Parker, Isaac N. Damon, and Joseph Davis, were appointed a committee to carry that vote Into effect. The committee contracted with Mr. S. B. Temple, to remodel the house ; and when It was substantially completed. Adz. December 17, 1846, the house took fire and was entirely consumed. Being thus deprived of a place of worship, the Baptist society generously offered the use of their house every Sunday morning, till the first parish could provide some place for themselves ; which offer was thankfuUy accepted. The house not being insured, and the work on the old house being In the nature of repairs, the loss fell entirely upon the society. Being thus deprived of a house of worship, the society, at a meeting held February 15, 1847, voted to erect a new meeting house, at a cost not exceeding eight thousand dollars, and chose a committee to carry the vote into effect. The house was com pleted, and dedicated, Febraary 28, 1848. The pews were appraised and sold at public auction for a sum sufficient to pay for the house. Thouo-h Mr. Whitman was settled over the society under very flatterino- circumstances, unforeseen causes disturbed the peace and prosperity of the parish. The loss of their old house by fire, interrupted in some degree his ministry, and the division of the people relative to the location of the new house, would natu- 350 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. raUy impair the harmony of the society ; and though no objec tion was raised against him, the success of his ministry must have been somewhat impeded by these untoward circumstances. Being in Maine, to attend the funeral of a brother-in-law, he was taken suddenly ill, and died a few weeks before the comple tion of the new meeting-house. The parish records contain the following brief notice of the event: "The Rev. Jason Whitman died, January 25th, 1848, at Portland, Maine. He was buried from the Baptist meeting house, on Saturday the 28th." Mr. Whitman was highly esteemed by his people ; and as a testimonial of their regard for him and his family, the parish, at their meeting, March 13, 1848, voted, "That the salary of our highly esteemed friend and minister. Rev. Jason" Whitman, deceased, be continued up to the first day of May next, and be paid to Mrs. Whitman, widow of the deceased, as a token of the high esteem of the society for him and his famUy, and for his unceasing labors to promote the cause of reUgion, education, and every good work, while he was permitted to remain among the Uvlng." Mr. Whitman was a man of feeble constitution, and yet he performed a vast amount of labor. He was bom in Bridge- water, AprU 30, 1799,' was graduated at Harvard University, 1825. He was settled over a small society in Saco, Maine, where he married, March, 1832, Mary Fairfield. The society In Saco being unable to give him a suitable support, he left, and took the general agency of the American Unitarian Association. A new Unitarian society being formed in Portland, Maine, Mr. Whitman was induced to take charge of it, where, by his almost incessant labor, his health gave way, and he was advised to seek a warmer clime. He went to Savannah, Georgia, where his health was soon so improved, that he entered upon his labors in that city and vicinity ; but seeing that the South was no place to preach with the freedom to which he was accustomed, or to edu cate his chUdren, he returned to Portland, In 1842, -with invigo rated health, where he remained tUl 1845, when he received a unanimous iuAdtatlon to settle in Lexington. Accepting the caU, he was installed, July 30, 1845. ' For a more perfect view of the family see Genealogy. ECdLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 551 Mr. Whitman Was ardently devoted to his profession, and tha moral reforms of the day ; and never spared himself wh6ii there was a field of labor before him. In addition to his weekly preparations for the pulpit, he wrote for the periodical and weekly press. He also published, An Address on Temperance ; A Ser mon on the Two Natures of Christ ; A Sermon on Regeneration ; A Sermon on Missionary Efforts ; Home Preparation for School .^- delivered before the American Institute ; A Fourth of July Address ; A Memoir of Rev. Edward H. Edes, of Kennebunk ; A Memoir of his brother, Bernard Whitman, of Waltham ; A Memoir of his father. Deacon John Whitman, of East Bridge- water; Young Lady's Aid-^a course of lectures before the young ladies of Portland ; Young Man's Assistant — a course of lectures to the young men of Portland ; A Volume of Sermons on the Lord's Prayer ; A Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. C. H. A. DaU ; and a number of religious tracts. Mr. Whitman was a man of modest, unaffected piety, firm and decided in his religious opinions ; and yet fiir removed from a narrow sectarian spirit. By the simplicity of his manners « by his liberal and benevolent disposition and good sense, he always secured the respect and esteem of the community in which he Uved. His -writings are characterized by Strfcngth and directness, guided by practical wisdom, and expressed with great clearness. His preaching was earnest and direct^ practical and persuasive, and rather conversational than declamatory in manner. In his first discourse at Lexington, after his instaUation, he gave his new parish a statement of bis views and principles — from which we eitei the foUowing : -'— "Pedple sometimes seem to feel, that, as the niinister receives his sUp- p6rt froitt them, it is to theffl that he owes his first altegianee, and that his great object should be to satisfy them. Upon this poiht, my -views are different. I feel that my first allegiance is due to God and to Christ ; I believe that I am accountable to God for what I say ; I regard Jesus Christ as the sanctified and sent of the Father, and his instructions as authorized disclosures of God's will. He i« my master in matters of religion ; to his authority I reveresiiy bow. Whatever bis instrnctions may require me to proclaim as God's truth, woe be to me if I refrain from preaching iU through fear of man. Thus far ray allegiance to God and Christ extends. Beyond this I may and I ought to consult the wishes and feelings of the 45 352 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. people with regard to the time and mode of presenting even Christian truths and sentiments." Concerning the popular movements of the day, he said : — " The spiritual prosperity and religious growth of a society, will be pro moted by frequent social religions conference, and by a deep and active interest in missionary movements. " On the subject of Temperance, I am, and for years have been, pledged to total abstinence from the use of all intoxicating drinks as a beverage. I have, in years past, taken an active part in efforts to remove the evils of intemperance from the community. "Upon the subject of Slavery I would say, that, having spent several months at the South, I entertain a very deep abhorrence of the system, as based upon injustice and supported by wrong, and as fraught with evils of the most appalling character to the slave and to the master, and I know not but as much to the one as to the other." The loss of their newly refitted meeting-house was a sore calamity to the parish ; and though they voted to borrow the money necessary to pay the contractor, by a delay, or neglect on the part of the Committee, who had obtained the money on their own notes, the inatter was suffered to remain unsettled till a considerable portion of the claim against the parish became out lawed, and the whole loss would haA'C fallen upon the Committee, had not indlAdduals contributed freely to relieve them of this onerous burden. After the death of Mr. Whitman, the society heard several preachers, and on the 19th of March, 1849, gave Mr. Fiske Barrett,^ then in the Divinity School at Cambridge, a unanimous invitation to become their pastor. Mr. Barrett accepted the invitation, to take effect after the close of his theological course. He was ordained September 5, 1849. Mr. Barrett having ten dered his resignation as pastor, the society, at a meeting held June 14, 1852, voted to accept it. His ministry was short and terminated by his own request. After being destitute of a settled minister for two years, the society extended an invitation to Mr. Nahor A. Staples, a graduate from the Theological School at MeadvUle, Pennsylvania, to become their pastor, with a salary of one thousand two hun dred doUars. Mr. Staples accepting the invitation, September 20, 1854, was fixed on for the ordination. After laboring with ' For view of the family see Genealogy. ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 353 the parish about two years and two months, Mr. Staples requested to be dismissed, that he might take the pastoral charge of a new society being formed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The society at a meeting held November 10, 1856, " Voted, That we accept the communication of Rev. N. A. Staples, and accede to his wishes as therein expressed, and that his connection be dis solved on the last Sabbath of this month. " Voted, That the Parish Committee transmit to Rev. N. A. Staples a copy of the above vote, together with an expression of the regret of the Society at the separation, and their earnest prayers for his future prosperity and happiness." During Mr. Staples's ministry the society was prosperous, and thirty members were added to the church. Mr. Staples was a young man of more than ordinary talents ; he was active and indefatigable in his labors, fervent In his eloquence, and had his life been spared, would have become one of the leading clergy men of the denomination. He died February 5, 1864, In Brooklyn, New York, where he had been settled.' The society after the close of Mr. Staples's ministry was desti tute of a settled minister about a year, when an invitation was given to Rev. Leonard J. Livermore to become their pastor. He accepted the invitation, and was Installed, October 4, 1857. Mr. Livermore remained with the society nine years, when he asked a dismission. At a meeting of the parish called for that pur pose, September 3, 1866, they acceded to his request, expressing at the same time their sincere regret at the separation. They also, by a public vote, bore testimony to the value of his labors, "by which the church had been Increased, and the society relieved of a heayy pecuniary burden," and expressed their high appreciation of his fidelity, self-sacrificing spirit, and purity of character. At the last communion service, held on the first Sunday of November, 1866, the church expressed their regard for Rev. Mr. Livermore, and their regret at his departure, by adopting by a unanimous vote a, testimonial, from which the following are extracts : " We cannot consistently with our own feelings, or in justice to him, permit this opportunity to pass without some expression of our attachment ' See Genealogy. 354 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. to him, our appreciation of his Christian character, and our regret at the separation. We therefore take pleasure in saying, as we can in truth and sincerity, that we highly appreciate the industry and fidelity, the zeal and disinterestedness, with which he has discharged all his duties as pastor of this chnrchand society, during the nine years he has labored with us." After enumerating the fundamental doctrines he had incul cated, they add : " And we rejoice to say that he has tanght these doctrines, not only by precept, but by example, adding to the full force of his teaching a consis tent Christian character ; that we have witnessed with high satisfaction, his benevolence and liberality, his kindness to the poor and unfortunate, his Christian sympathy for the sick and afflicted, his respect for the aged, his devotion to the rising generation, his faithful efforts, by word and deed, to promote the temporal and spiritual welfare of the church and society, and in general, his readiness to join in any good work to improve the condition and elevate the Christian character of the community," As a farther testimonial of their attachment to him, and their regret at his leaving them, two hundred and twenty-nine of his late parishioners, male and female, presented him a briefly Avritten expression of their personal regard and esteem under their own signatures respectively, accompanied by a service of sUver plate, as a Christmas gift. During Mr. Livermore's ministry flfty persons were admitted to the church, and a number of chUdren were baptized. It Is ' ui3 to him to say, that though his salary was Insufficient to support his famUy, no member of the parish or town was more liberal or ready to contribute to every public object which presented itself. And among the subjects which engaged his attention, we cannot in justice omit to mention his successful effort to extinguish a heaA-y claim against the parish, arising from the loss by fire of their meeting-house in 1846. Two distinct efforts had been made, and a considerable sum had been raised to relieve the committee, who, by the lapse of time, had lost their legal claim upon the parish ; and yet forty- five hundred doUars were unpaid. When aU fiirther efforts were relinquished, Mr. Livermore took the msiltter In hand, and by his own liberality and effort, succeeded In raising twenty-five hun dred and forty-one dollars for the relief of the committee, who relinquished aU further claim. It is due to fact to say, that of this sum, Mrs. Cary, -widow of the late WUUam Cary, of ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 355 Brooklyn, New York, who has a summer residence in Lexing ton, her native town, gave one thousand dollars. During the rebelUon, Mr. Livermore preached two sermons which were published at the request of his hearers — both of which were fraught with an enlightened and patriotic devotion to the cause of liberty and our free Institutions. The first was de Uvered August 6, 1863, on the National Thanksgiving, for the successes which had attended our arms. We can hardly find a paragraph which does not breathe an ardent devotion to country, and a firm belief that the Ruler of nations Is carrying us forward to a higher and more glorious destiny. We will make one or two citations from the discourse. " There has never been a time since the war began, so dark or disastrous as to justify despondency, or regret that the nation chose to figHt rather than submit to falsehood and treachery ; but rather there has always been reason to feel that we were working out the will of God and our own redemption. " God works through agents. He makes the heart of the nation throb with his own detestation of pride, perjury, robbery, cruelty, lust, anarchy and treason, the seven deadly sins of the enemies of our national life. He uses the strong right arm of the nation to smite the blows of his heavy retribution. He uses the folly of the foolish, and the passions of the vio lent, like irritating medicines, to do good in a diseased body politic ;' but It is a far grander and more obvious truth, that he uses the whole force of man's just and generous sentiments, of man's sincerity, self-sacrifice, patri otism and courage, to build up the solid pillars and walls of his kingdom of right and mercy." The other discourse of Mr. Livermore, delivered September 11, 1864, was entitled, ^^Perseverance in the War, the Inter est and Duty of the Nation." The title of the discourse shows its design, and the following extracts wUl show Its spuit. " With those who cry out for peace, because they are at heart fWends of the traitors, and who are ready to put arms into the hands of their parti sans here to inaugurate civil war in the now peaceful North, I have no shadow of sympathy. A class more worthy of the detestation of all good people I do not know in the wide world. They are baser than the rebels themselves, as much as disguised and renegade traitors are worse than open foes. With those who are chiefly moved to their outcry for peace by the dread of pecuniary loss, I have not much sympathy. I never learned to admire Esau, who sold his birthright for a mess of pottage ; and there is certainly no more reason to- admire those who would chaffer with malig nant trsutors in arms, and take the steps which go straight to the destruc- 356 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. tion of our glorious heritage, and the shameful extinction of our national unity, to save their dividends or escape their share of the cost of saving the nation. There can be nothing but eternal dishonor, and the just judg ment of God, awaiting us. If the love of money or the fear of its loss con trols our settlement of such questions as those Involved in this war." "Bad as the war is, a wretched, dishonorable peace would be worse. It would, I truly believe, be a sin against God, and a crime against man to hold any parley with these enemies of all that Is good, except on the terms constantly held out to them, by our Government ; submission to the author ity of the nation, and the reference of all disputed points to the proper legal tribunals, after peace Is re-established." Mr. Livermore came to Lexington from Clinton, where he had labored in the ministry six years — having previously been settled in East Boston, where he remained the same length of time. While in Lexington, he was on the school committee during the greater part of his ministry, and had the principal charge of the schools. He was a native of MUford, New Hampshire.' Rev. Henry Westcott ^ succeeded Mr. Livermore as pastor of the society in Lexington, and was Installed June 26, 1867. He had previously been settled in Barre, and had subsequently preached a year at West Dedham. He was a native of War wick, Rhode Island. The Second Congregational Sooiett. — The origin of this society being a little peculiar, it Is not easy to say when it first had a real existence. It seems by Its records that It was duly Incorporated according to law, AprU 18, 1845 ; though it had an organization ten or twelve years before, and had sup ported public worship for about ten years, a portion of the tune, at least. They had also, under the designation of the Christian Association, erected a meeting-house, and disposed of their pews. And though they were probably a legal body before the action taken AprU 18, 1845, it was at that time that they organized as proprietors of the meeting-house, rather than as a poU parish. A considerable portion of the records of this society Is com prised in the details of the doings of the town, in relation to a division of the Ministerial Fund ; but as that matter has been treated of in another place. It need not be repeated here. ' For an accoimt of the family see Genealogy. ' See Genealogy. THE "FOLLEN CHURCH," AND RESIDENCE OF THE LATE DR. FOLLEN. ECCLESLASTICAL AFFAIRS. 357 As far as appears from the record, which is very meagre, Rev. Charles Follen was employed a portion of the time from 1835 to 1840. In the meantime, Ralph W. Emerson, J. S. Dwight, and others, labored with the society temporarUy. In 1835, the subject of erecting a meeting-house began to be seriously agitated, and a subscription for that object was started. In 1839, the Association reengaged Dr. Follen for six months, and active measures were adopted to erect a meeting-house; which being completed, the 15th of January, 1840, was ap pointed for its dedication, and Dr. FoUen, as a matter of course, was designated to preach the dedication sermon. In the lan guage of the society record : — "Dr. Follen was obliged to visit New York previous to the dedication, and made the necessary arrangements with his brethren in the ministry to assist him In the ceremonies. The Doctor, wife and child, with S. L. Lathrop and lady, who were to assist in the choir at the dedication, left for New York. Soon after their arrival Mrs. Follen was taken 111, and con tinued so for weeks. On the 3d of January, he wrote to the committee, requesting that the dedication might be put off for one week, if it could be done without inconvenience to the society, but expressed his willingness, if the committee thought best, to come without his wife, and return again for her. The committee, on consultation, thought that as all the arrangements had been made and published, and the pews were advertised to be sold the same day, it would, be detrimental to the Association to postpone the dedi cation, and a letter to that effect was written to Dr. Follen. We expected Dr. Follen ; but the evening before the dedication, the committee met the clergy who had been invited, and it was agreed that Rev. Mr. Pierpont should preach, in case Dr. Follen did not arrive In season. The Doctor not arriving, Mr. Pierpont preached the sermon. " Thus the house was dedicated January 15, 1840. On the 16th, news reached Boston of the loss of the steamboat Lexington by fire, and that nearly all the passengers and crew had perished, and among them Rev. Dr. Follen, our beloved and much respected pastor. The news cast a gloom over the whole town and country. To the people of his flock it was peculiarly trying. They had a meeting, and agreed to invite Rev. Mr. Stetson, of Medford, to preach a sermon on the melancholy occasion, who, in the spirit of Christian friendship, though at short notice, consented. After the services were over, the people voted that a committee be chosen to communicate to Mrs. Follen, the feelings of respect they entertained for her late husband, and to tender her their Christian sympathy under her severe affliction." The foregoing account, abridged from the parish records, tells the sad fate of a worthy and distinguished Christian minister and phUanthropist. 358 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Charles Follen was bom In Germany, September 4, 1796, and was educated at the University of Giessen. His devotion to the great principles of liberty, and his strict adherence to justice and morality, even before he had finished his studlesj made him somewhat Unpopular with the less scrapulous young men with whom he was associated, and excited some suspicion in the faculty, who were deeply imbued with monarchical principles. And after he had finished his course, read law, and became a professor, his lectures were found to be too Uberal to suit the taste of the Holy Alliance, which, at that time, assumed to con trol the destinies of Europe. He was arrested on frivolous pre tences, and made to feel the weight of arbitrary and despotic power ; so that common prudence Induced him to leave his OAvn country. He first visited France, but the unsettled state of things there Induced him to seek a more congenial retreat In Switzerland, at that time the freest nation on the Continent. In Switzerland, he was called to a professorship in the Evan gelical CouncU of Education of the Canton of the Grisons, where his liberal views of Christian doctrines soon became objec tionable, a,nd he left, carrying with him a certificate that his " luminous lectures and kind treatment of his pupils had secured their respect, attachment and confidence, in the highest degree." The University of Basle, learning that Dr. Follen was at liberty, appointed him as a public lecturer at the University, where he taught the natural, civil, and ecclesiastical law, besides some branches of metaphysics, viz. logic, the philosophy of the mind in its application to religion, morals, legislation, and the fine arts. At Basle, for a period, he dwelt in peace and contentment^ being left to the full enjoyment of his religious and poUtical sen timents. Young men, from various parts, flocked to the Uni- -versity, and all seemed to be prosperous. But while he and the literary friends by whom he was surrounded were rejoicing in their political and religious liberty, the tyrants of Europe were alarmed, when they heard that in Switzerland, the only free state on the continent, had been erected a new temple of free dom. Prussia forbid her young men visiting the University ; and the Holy Alliance, alUed for the unholy purpose of sup pressing freedom-, resolved to break up an institution which they UA^c-r-cecf yh'-LZc^^ ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 359 regarded as hostile to their policy. Prussia, Austria,- and Russia, demanded of the government of Basle, that Dr. Follen and another liberal professor In the University, should be given up to the tribunal of Inquisition established near Berlin. Switzerland was averse to yielding to the arbitrary demands of these tyrants ; but fearing the power of this combination., at last yielded to theU haughty request. Dr. Follen was advised by his friends to leave the country ; but he insisted upon a trial there. But failing in this, and being compelled to leave to avoid an arrest, he sent to the government the foUowing note : — " Whereas the Republic of Switzerland, which has protected so many fugitive princes, noble men, and priests, would not protect him, who like themselves is a Republican, he is compelled to take refuge in the great asylum of liberty, the United States of America. His false accusers he summons before the tribunal of God and public opinion. Laws he has never violated. But the heinous crime of having loved his country, has rendered him guilty to such a degree, that he feels quite unworthy to be pardoned by the Holy Alliance." He asked a testimonial from the University, which was readily granted, stating that he had always demeaned himself as a good and peaceable citizen, and had secured the confidence of his associates. Dr. FoUen left Basle secretly for Paris, and from France took passage for America, In company with his friend Dr. Beck, and arrived safely in New York. In the autumn of 1825, he was appointed teacher of German in Harvard University, and took up his abode in Cambridge. His labors thus far had been mostly devoted to the subject of ethics, as connected with civil govern ment and the rights of man. But his teaching on these subjects was always based _ upon the broad principles of Christianity. FeeUng more and more the importance of the teachings of Christ, he resolved to enter the ministry ; and after studying theology with Dr. Channing, he commenced preaching. Retaining his connection Arith the College, and being promoted to a professor ship which engrossed a good share of his time and attention, he was hardly In a condition to take the pastoral charge of a parish ; and hence his clerical labors were not confined to any one locality. About this time the anti-slavery cause was attracting consid erable attention, and Dr. FoUen, deeply imbued with the love of 16 360 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. freedom, at once espoused It. This step did not meet the apjprobatlon of the cautious and conservative government of the University, which permitted his professorship to expire. Being thus cut off" from the pecuniary support of the College, he was thrown upon his other Umited resources, and was com peUed to seek employment as best he could, to support himself and family. He conceived the idea of estabUshing' a literary institution in Boston ; but the friends of Harvard could hardly be expected to encourage it ; and it was given up. About this time he was invited to preach at East Lexington, and assist them in building up a society In that village. We have seen with what success he had commenced his work, and what prospect was opened to him and to his devoted people, when by a mysterious providence his earthly labors were brought to speedy termination. Dr. Follen was no ordinary man. Whether we view him intellectually or morally, we must place him above the ordinary level of our public men. The high and honorable positions he has occupied both In Europe and America, the estimation In which he was held by the gifted men in our community, and the able writings he has left, bear ample testimony to his talents. His mind was of the German cast, and strongly imbued with the great principles of civil and religious freedom. Though kind and conciliatory, he was conscientious, firm and self-sacrificing, ever ready to follow ¦ his honest convictions, regardless alike of his own individual interest or the frowns of others. As a reformer he was in advance of his age ; and if in any case he was a little Impracticable, It arose from honest convictions of truth, stimulated perhaps by the experience he had had on both sides of the Atlantic. He was literaUy a friend of humanity ; and his honest sympathy was ever extended to the oppressed and down trodden. In private life, he was meek and gentle, ardently attached to his family and friends, and ever ready to make any sacrifice for their benefit. In a Avord, for natural and acquired abilities, for conscientious firmness, for an ardent love of liberty and the rights of man, for sympathy for the poor, afflicted and down-trodden, he had few equals and no superiors. Rev, Theodore H. Dorr, having received and accepted a call, was publicly installed pastor of the church and society, July 2, 1845, Mr. Dorr continued his pastoral relations with the parish ^^^yU^^X^ c:7^_^?.-<^ ^y^ij^'^^^^^S^^^i^ DAUGHTER OF SAMUEL CABOT, AND WIFE OF CHARLES FOLLEM . tLES I A WOMAN ENPJCHED BY NATURE AND BY CULTURE WITH GENIAL PHILANTHROPIC AND V. \ QUALITIE-.. WHICH EMINENTLY FITTED HER TO WORK EFFICIENTLY WITH HER HUSBA-" ECCLESIASTICAL AFFAIRS. 361 for four years, when he asked a dismission on the ground that they were not able to give him a reasonable support. He closed his labors -with them, August 1, 1849.* On the 7th of November, 1849, Mr. WiUiam F. Bridge was ordained pastor of the society. In 1852, Rev. Mr. Bridge ten dered his resignation, and his connection was dissolved. He was a son of Josiah and Eunice (Morse) Bridge, of Lancaster, and grandson of Rev. Josiah Bridge, who was born in Lexington, 1739, and settled at East Sudbury, now Wayland. William F. Bridge was bom February 15, 1821, graduated at Harvard College, 1846. In settling at Lexington he in a manner came back to the old parental hearthstone.^ After leaving Lexington, he was settled at Dublin, N. H. Mr. Bridge was their last settled minister. After the close of his ministry. Rev. E. P. Crafts, Rev. Caleb Stetson and others, were employed temporarUy, About the commencement of 1863, the Second Congregational Society and the Universalist made an arrangement by which the two societies were to unite for the support of pubUc worship, the desk to be suppUed by the joint action of their respective committees. After acting together about two years, they petitioned the Legislature to be united. Their prayer was granted, and by an Act passed March 30, 1865, they were made one corporation, by the name of "The Church of the Redeemer." The Act of the Legislature uniting the two parishes, being accepted by them respectively, they at once organized under their charter, disposed of the House formerly occupied by the UniversaUst Society, and made thorough repairs, and an enlarge ment of the House formerly occupied by the Second Congrega tional Society. Before the legal union, they had employed Rev. WUUam T. Stowe as their preacher, and he being highly accept able to them, has been continued as pastor of the new organization. Mr. Stowe came to Lexington froin Brattleboro', Vermont, where he had been preaching to the UniversaUst Society.' Tedb Baptist Societt. — The origin of this society is thus given by one of their pastors. For more than half a century there have been a greater or less number of Baptist professors in ¦ See Genealogy. ' See Bridge family in the Genealogy. ' See Genealogy. 362 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Lexington ; in 1781, most of them became connected Avith a Baptist church formed in West Cambridge. But Uttie mterest was manifested tUl 1817, when several united Arith churches in other toAvns. In 1824, the ordinance of baptism by immersion, was first administered in Lexington. In 1830, meetings were commenced In tOAvn. In 1833, Rev. T. P. Ropes removed to the place, and performed the duties of pastor. During the same year their meeting-house was erected, and a church consti tuted, consisting of twenty-one members. In January, 1835, Rev. O. A. Dodge, haAing previously received and accepted a caU, was pubUcly ordained and set over the society. Under his ministry the society was prosperous, and a considerable accession was made to the church, ilr. Dodge died. May 18, 1840. The church records contain this tribute to his memory. " To a mind naturaUy shrewd, penetrating, and highly cultivated, he added a warm-hearted piety and an unwavering activity. Beloved by the .church and respected by aU, he died universaUy lamented." After the death of Mr. Dodge, ilr. C. M. Bowers accepted a caU, and was ordained, Sept. 9, 1841. Some dissension arising in the society, in February 1846, Rev. Mr. Bowers resigned his pastoral care, and was succeeded by Rev. Ira Leland, who commenced his labors for the parish in the autumn of 1847. Mr. Leland's connection Arith the society continued ten years, when it closed at his OAvn request. He was a faithful pastor, and a valuable citizen, having for several years the principal charge of the schools in the tOAvn. Before the settlement of IMr. Dodge, and at several Intervals between their settled ministers, Rev. T. P. Ropes had suppUed their pulpit. Since the close of Mr. Leland's ministry they have had no permanent pastor. Rev. ]Mr. Qark and Rev. Mr. Savage laboring Arith the parish, each for a short time only. The FmsT Uktteesaijst Socxett. — ^It appears firom their Records, that the constitution or by-laws of this society, were adopted, AprU 20, 1845. But It is obvious that they had a partial organization at an earUer period, and had for years sup ported pubUc worship, at least a portion of the time. Their meeting-house was erected as early as 1840. Rev. James M. Usher commenced preaching for them before their meeting-house ECCLESLASTICAL AFFAIRS. 363 was erected, and continued their pastor about five years. Since leaving Lexington he has been engaged in business In Boston as a bookseller and pubUsher. His residence has been In Medford.. He has been considerably In public life, and has occupied a seat in the State Senate several years. After Mr. Usher closed his labors with the society. Rev. C. H. ¦ Webster became their pastor, and remained with them about two years. He was succeeded by Rev. W. B. Randolph, whose ministry lasted about three years. In 1849, Rev. J. A. Cooledge was settled over the society, and remained with them about four years. ^ Since 1853, they have had no settled pastor. The parish being feeble, their house has been closed the greater part of the time for the last ten years. Some four years ago this society united with the Unitarian society in the East Village, and employed preachers of each sect, tUl they agreed upon Rev. Mr. Stowe. Being united upon him and finding themselves more nearly aUIed in doctrinal views than they had formerly imagined, these societies took the wise step of giving up their former organi zations, and becoming one body, and securing the labors of Rev. Mr. Stowe, as we have already seen. The Roman Catholics. — The Roman CathoUcs have had occasional meetings in Lexington for several years. When the Unitarian and Universallat societies In the East Village united, they sold the meeting-house formerly owned by the Universallsts, which was purchased by the Roman Catholics, and they maintain services there a portion of the time. The Orthodox Meeting House. — The Calvinistic Congre- gatlonaUsts have no organization in Lexington. The churches of that faith, in the neighboring toAvns, have recently purchased the old Academy buUding, and fitted It up for a meeting-house ; but as yet it has not been opened for pubUc worship. ' See Genealogy. CHAPTER XV. EDUCATION. Interest felt in Education — A School-House built, and Schools established — Grammar School — Sometimes a Moving School — Second School- House built — An Academy established in Lexington — The First Normal School located there — Increased Interest in Education — High School established — Present Condition of the Schools — Dr. Lewis's Female Seminary. It is worthy of observation, that the love of country and the love of learning, were always regarded by our fathers as kindred affections, — originating in the same general cause, and seeking the same .great end. They regarded these affections as the offspring of religion, and the fruits of an active faith ; and they urged a good education, and literary and scientific attainments, as among the most efficient means of securing piety to God and good wUl to his creatures. In their earUest efforts to set up schools and endow the University, they recognized the service ©f God as the great end to be promoted. In relation to these institutions, they say, " We cannot but acknowledge the great goodness of God towards his people In this wilderness, in raising up schools of learning, and especially the CoUege, from which there hath sprung many instruments, both in church and state ; and we feel that we should show ourselves ungrateful to God, or unfaithful to posterity. If so good a seminary of knowledge and virtue should fall to the ground through any neglect of ours."* And in establishing the common school system in 1647, they, in language expressive of their distinctive theological tenets, say, "It being one chief project of Satan to keep men from the knowl edge of the Scriptures, as in former times keeping them in unknown tongues, so in these latter times by persuading from the use of tongues, that so at least the true sense and meaning ' Colonial Laws, p. 80. EDUCATION. 365 of the original might be clouded and corrupted by false glosses of deceivers ; to the end that learning may not be buried in the graves of our fathers, in church and commonwealth, the Lord assisting our endeavors. It Is therefore ordered by this Court and the authority thereof, — that every township within this jurisdiction, after the Lord hath increased them to the number of fifty householders, shaU thence forthwith appoint one within their towns, to teach aU such chUdren as shaU resort to him to write and read." * The early inhabitants of Lexington appear to have had a realizing sense of the importance of learning, and of the neces sity of establishing schools, as the best means of obtaining it. WhUe united with Cambridge, they petitioned the town to grant a certain sum which they might apply to the support of schools in their midst ; and when, by an Act of the General Court, they were clothed with poAver to raise money themselves for schooling, they were not backward In the good cause. In 1714, the year after the town was incorporated, they voted to erect a school house, and proAided that It should be " twenty-eight foot long, twenty foot wide, and eight or nine foot stud." This house was situated near the Monument, on the Common. In 1715, they voted to open a free grammar school, and devoted fifteen pounds for its support. At a meeting. May 14, 1716, the following vote was passed, which shows that the schoolmaster, at that time, m,ust have been abroad. " Voted, That all scollers that cume to school to pal two pens per week for reeding, and 3 pens per week for righting and siphering ; and what that amounts to at the year's end, so much of the fifteen pounds to be deducted, and stopt in the Town Treasury whilest the next year." Captain Joseph Estabrook was employed as a teacher, and continued his school five months, for which fifteen pounds were paid him from the town treasury. By this time the principle seems to have been settled, that a man's school should be kept five months In the year. But although this furnished a pretty good opportunity for the larger scholars, the people could not but perceive that there were wants which this arrangement did not meet. The smaUer children In the distant parts of the township could not be accommodated by a school kept In the centre. To > Colonial Laws, p. 186, 366 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. remove this difficulty, it was agreed by the selectmen, at a meet ing held July 21, 1717, "That Clerk Lawrance's wife, and Ephraim Winshlp's wife, keep schools from the day of the date hereof, until the last of October next following ; and if they have not scholars sufficient in number to amount to five shillings a week, at 3 pence a scholar a week, during the term above said, then y* Town to make up what shall be wanting of. the five shUlIngs a week." The next year, they voted " to set up four more schools in other parts of the Town, as conveniently placed as may be, to accommodate the chUdren in said parts ; said schools to be regu lated by the same rule as they were the last year." From this time, the system of supporting the schools so as to meet the wants of the people, may be considered as permanently established. The changes which were made from time to time, were designed to make the system more efficient and useful, and to extend rather than curtaU the privileges of schooling. And the town was careful to employ Instructors of character. The male teachers, when selected from town, were from the most substantial citizens, and the female teachers were the wives and daughters of some of the first families. In 1728, the town employed Mr. Ebenezer Hancock, son of their reverend pastor, to teach the grammar school through the year. Mr. Hancock was a graduate of Harvard, and appears to have been a favorite with the people. Subsequently, when he was settled as a colleague with his father. It was with the under standing that he should continue his school. In 1714, the first school house was built, and was situated on the Common. Here the grammar school was usually kept. But as it generally happens in such cases, the people at the out- parts of the town complained that the benefits of the school were not equally enjoyed by all the families in the place. To meet this objection, the grammar school was converted into what was denominated a " moving school," and was kept in different parts of the town In rotation. But this being attended with incon veniences, other expedients were adopted. At one time it was provided ftiat aU who lived within a certain distance of the school house on the Common, should furnish all the fuel neces sary for the school free of expense ; whUe those who Uved more EDUCATION. 36T remote should be exempted altogether. But still there was a lurking disposition to complain of Inequality, — forgetting the fact that, though the inhabitants of the village enjoy greater privileges than those who live remote from the centre, they have lo pay for those prlA-Ueges. For one acre of land in a village Is often valued in the assessment list, ten times as high as an acre of the same intrinsic worth, situated remote from the centre. The school house In the centre becoming somewhat dUapidated, a new house was erected In its stead In 1761. It was twenty feet square, and sis and a half feet between the floors, and cost £42. During the Revolution, there was no particular change in the schools. The grammar school In the school house, was kept nine or ten months each year, and was fumished with teachers competent to Instruct in every branch necessary to be taught. At the same time schools, generally taught by females, were supported In the different sections of the town. After a contest of one or two years on the subject, the town voted in 1795 to build three school houses, and chose a committee to select sites. In 1796, It was "Voted, To raise $333.33, for schooling the children the present year. Voted, To take $ 100 out of the above sum for women's schools." Some feeling was excited not favorable to the harmony of the schools, by the inhabitants in the part of the town known as Scotland, persist ently demanding as their share of the school grant, a sum in proportion to the tax they paid. ¦ In 1799, the town appropriated $333.33 for the support of men's schools, and $166.67 for women's schools. In 1800, the school grant was raised to $500, and the committee chosen to employ teachers, were directed to employ none unless they are qualified according to the provisions of law. In 1804, the town took a decided step towards improving the condition of their schools. They made the usual grant of $ 500 for schooling, and appropriated $ 1,000 to buUd three additional school houses, and to remove two others, so as to accommodate all parts of the town. Of the three new houses, one was to be located In the centre of the toAra, one in Scotland, so caUed, and one In Smith's End, so caUed. Having supplied themselves with school houses, the town wisely decided that a larger sum of money should be. appropriated 47 S6S HISTORYivOF LEXINGTON. to support these invaluable institutions. Accordingly, in 1806, the school appropriation was increased to eight hundred dollars, six hundred doUars of which was to be expended for schools taught by males, and two hundred doUars for schools taught by females. This arrangement relative to the appropriation and the division of the money was Continued for several years. In 1819, the town appropriated nine hundred dollars for the support of their schools, being an Increase of one hundred doUars Over past appropriations. At the May meeting In 1821, a committee, consisting of Amos Muzzy, Jr., Ambrose Morrell, Isaac Reed, Joseph Underwood, Jr., John Hastings, and Charles Reed, who had been chosen at a previous meeting, submitted a detailed Report to the town on the general subject of the schools, which the toAsn accepted i The Report was able, and well considered ; and to the honor of the committee It should be stated, that the changes they recom mended in the school system, were, six years after, substantially adopted by the Legislature, for the government of the schools in the Commonwealth. In 1827, the Legislature passed a general law regulating the schools throughout the State, and requiring towns to choose a General Committee to superintend and manage them. This law made quite a change in the condition of the schools in some towns. But as Lexington had adopted the same system, sub stantially, several years before, the change here was not imme diately perceptible. There was however an increased interest manifest on the subject of common school education. Two school houses were buUt in 1830, and the other houses were repaired. The school appropriation also was increased to one thousand doUars. In 1837, the school appropriation was Increased to fourteen hundred dollars ; and the town voted to erect two new school houses, — one in each viUage, — said houses to be two stories high, so as to accommodate two schools. The subject of Common School Education in Lexington, as in almost every other town In the Commomvealth, was in a manner neglected ; or in other words, our district schools did not meet the wants of the people. There were men in every town, who Were in favor of bringing them to a higher standard. But the EDUCATION, 369 mass of the voters, mistaking their true Interest, were unwilling to increase the appropriation for their support. One fatal error had been Imbibed by a portion of the people, viz. that the com mon schools were designed for the common people alone ; a]D4 thai those who wished to give their children suitable advantages, must send them to select schools. They also feared that their children would be corrupted in their manners and morals, by ^ssociatiug with the chUdren of the masses. Some of this class were wUling to raise money for the support of the distrlGt schools ; but they would not suffer their children to attend -^hem, but sent them to private schools and academies. By this means they were able to give their children a better (education than their neighbors could give theirs. But this was a mistaken and short-sighted policy. In the first place, it was contrary to the spirit of our free institutions, which open the door of improve ment to all aUke, that the poor man's son might have equal advantages with the son of his more wealthy neighbor. This withdrawing chUdren from the common schools., tended to degrade and keep down the standard pf pducatlon in them. Those wealthy or influential families, which patronized private schools and academies, would, as a matter of course, feel less interest in the common schools than they would haye done,«If their r they came i^om them more ignorant of human nature, ,than -they would iiave been, if they iiad mixed with the masses, and seen more of ;the rough side lof itbat worl^ in which they wei;e id©stined to liv^. Their priv,a,te education would naturally induce them .to look down upon ithoise avIjio were educated In the toAvn schools, with whom they must associate in afteir life, and upon whom ,they must in a giKcat ^gree ,depend for support in almost jany business in which they migfet b.e ejiigaged. TMs state ,of tMngs did jnot apply particularly to Lexington,, but to ithe Commonwealth at large. But while these academies were injcrieasing, an^ a oomf aratively #maU p^jrt lof the rising 370 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. generation were obtaining a better education than before, the common schools were either declining, or suffered to remain stationary. This state of things created an alarm In the public mind, and the philanthropist and the statesman sought to call public attention to the Importance of raising the standard of the toAvn schools, so as to meet the wants of the people. And after years of effort, this Important reform was commenced, and has so far progressed that academies have, to a great extent, been superseded by public schools open to aU classes of our population. In 1821, a number of Lexington gentlemen, feeling the want of a higher standard of education than the town schools afforded, established an academy within the town. A commodious house was erected for the purpose, and a school was opened in 1822, under the charge of Mr. Caleb Stetson, who had just graduated from Cambridge. And though the school was small at its opening, under the successful instruction of Mr. Stetson, it became a flourishing institution, numbering from seventy-five to elghty-fiA'e pupils. He remained as principal of the academy, till the autumn of 1825, when he was succeeded by Mr. WUUam P. Huntington. In a few years this school began to languish, and was finaUy given up. 'While the academy was in active operation, and, viewed from that standpoint, the cause of education would seem to be pro gressing, the condition of the district schools was by no means flattering, — less so undoubtedly in consequence of the existence of the academy. Nor was this peculiar to this town. The same cause had produced the same effect in every part of the Common wealth. A few years later, when specific returns were made from every town of the condition of their schools, the fact became apparent, that in those tOAvns where academies and select schools were maintained, the district schools were more or less neglected, and were in point of support below the schools in toAvns where' no such academies existed. It should not, however, be inferred from these facts, that academies were useless, or that parents did wrong in all cases, In sending their children to select schools. Academies were valu able as Intermediate institutions between the common schools and the coUeges, and were necessary to fit scholars to enter the coUeges. Nor were parents at fault in aU cases, in taking their EDUCATION. 371 children from district schools. Every intelligent parent desires to give his children a good education ; and for this purpose, and for the good of all classes, he should use his Influence to improve the condition of the public schools, where his own children and the chUdren of those around him, may have opportunities for an education. But If he fails in bringing the town schools up to a proper standard, or if he wishes to have his chUdren pursue studies not taught in the town schools, or taught only Imperfectly, then it is right, and it becomes his duty to send them where they could enjoy these opportunities. The law of 1827, requiring a town committee, was the first step in the improvement of our schools. But the measure which has done more for the cause of common school education than any other, was the creation of a State Board of Education In 1837. Three years previous, a school fund was created ; and although the sum to be divided among the schools was a mere pittance, the subsequent laws made it a condition precedent to receiving Its share of this fund, that the town's committee should make a return to the Secretary of State, of the number of scholars in their respective towns, the number attending school, the amount of money raised, and the general condition of the schools. This was the first time in the history of the Commonwealth, that the true condition of the schools was known to the public. After the Board of Education was created, the Secretary, by carefully prepared tables, presented to every town In the State the condition of the schools in every other town, so that all could see the standing of his own town as compared with every other. The abstract of the Reports of different committees, showed the Improvements that were adopted in different parts of the State ; and the Reports of the Secretary of the Board soon excited a general interest throughout the Commonwealth ; and the creation of Normal schools for the education of teachers, gave an Impulse to the cause of common school education, which" has placed Massachusetts ahead of any of her sister States. In this general improvement, Lexington has participated. We have seen that in 1837, her school appropriation was carried from one thousand up to ^fourteen hundred dollars, and that' two new school houses were erected, and so constructed as to admit of a grading of the schools. 372 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Soon after the Board was established, Hon. Edmund Dwight, of Boston, generously offered the sum of ten thousand doUars, on condition that the Commonwealth would appropriate the same amount, to be expended under the direction of the Board, in qualifying teachers for common schools. The Board resolved to establish two Normal sdiools, one in the easterly, and the other in the westerly part of the State ; and to enable them to continue these schools for the period of three years, so that the experiment might be fully tried, they required the people of the place where the schools should be located, to furnish the neces sary buildings, and a certain amount of funds, to procure a Ubrary and apparatus. And though the applications for tbe school were numerous, Lexington was, deemed by the Board to be the most favorable place, and one of the schools was here established. This was the first Normal school in the country. The school was put In operation under the care of Mr. Cyrus Pierce, an able and experienced teacher, who continued his connection with the school three years, when he retired, and was succeeded by Rev. S. J. May. Shortly after, the school was removed to Newton — simply on local and sectarian grounds. The school was a decided success, and the experiment tried here has given rise to four Normal schools, which send out annuaUy several hundred teachers, weU qualified to Instruct in aU the rudiments of a good English education. The effect of these schools, and the other measures of the Board of Education, has been felt in every part of the State. In Lexington, from 1837 to 1846, the appropriation remained at fourteen hundred dollars. In the year following, one hundred doUars was added, and In 1848 it was Increased to two thousand five hundred dollars. In 1851, after a considerable effort, the town voted to build two new school houses, on the most improved plan ; one in the craitre and the other in the south district. This was the signal for new and Improved houses In every section of the town ; so that we have now in each district good and commo dious houses, with the modem Improvements. Feeling that the district sdiools .did not fully meet the wants of the rising generation, in 1854 the subject -of a High School was brought before the town, and a Committee, consisting of Ira Leland, Charles Hudson, Jonas GammeU, Andrew WelUn^on, EDUCATION. 373 Samuel A. Houghton, Charles Tidd, and Hugh Graham, was chosen to consider the subject, and report at the next meeting. The Committee recommended that a high school be established, and that five hundred dollars be added to the school appropria tion, carrying it up to three thousand dollars. This report being accepted by the toAvn, and the addition to the appropriation made, the School Committee put the school in operation. The next year the appropriation was raised from three thousand dol lars to three thousand seven hundred dollars, devoting one thou sand dollars to the support of the high school. There was considerable opposition to the high school, when it was first established ; but it has so commended Itself to the good sense of the people, and its effects upon the district schools have been such, that the people generaUy now regard this school, not only as a permanent Institution, but one which has proved a blessing to the community. It has afforded an opportunity to every parent to give his children a good education at a much less expense than It could have been obtained in any other way ; and what Is more and better, some parents of Umited means have been enabled to give their children such an education as has fitted them for teachers, or qualified them for other positions in life ; which they never could, have given them If this high school had not been established. As an economical arrangement, such a school should be continued. Besides, the maintenance of a high school redounds to the honor of a town, and tends to increase the value of property. The town of Lexington has no manu factures to draw population within her borders. Her growth must, to all appearances, depend upon those who are seeking pleasant country residences, and the first question asked by that class more especially is, "What Is the condition of your schools?" If they find that our schools are poor, they wiU look elsewhere for a residence ; but If they find that we have good schools, they might be induced to settle among us. Fears were entertained by some that the establishment of a high school would operate to the injury of the district schools. But it has been found to produce the opposite effect. A new incentive to effort is thrown Into the districts, to qualify their pupUs for the high school. A high school also enables the 374 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. committee to. make a more perfect classification of the pupUs and so affords another great advantage to the cause of education. The time has arrived when the people demand greater oppor tunities for an education than the common primary or grammar schools afford, and every statesman and phUanthropist must see the wisdom and bencA'olence of supplying this want by the main tenance of schools of a higher grade, open alike to the rich and the poor, where all the youth can meet on one common level, and where there is no distinction but that which merit originates. Our colleges are iastitutlons which should be highly prized — Institutions which are demanded by the wants of the community. But at the same time, we know that they are beyond the reach of a vast majority of the young. Not one in a thousand of our population ever enters a college as a student. But a high school meets the wants of the whole people, and the children In a town may enter within Its walls and enjoy Its privUeges, without money and without price. Nowhere, no, not even in the house of wor ship, is there such perfect equality — such an elevation of the poor to an equal IcA-el with the rich, as in the free schools. And the farther this can be extended, the higher in the walks of science this equality can be carried, the better for the community at large, and for every class which compose it. To Indicate the growth of Interest felt in the public schools, the following statement of the annual appropriations for schools from 1830 to 1867 is given. 1830 $ 1,000 1831 1,000 1832 1,000 1833 1,000 1834 1,000 1835 1,000 1836 1,000 1837 1,400 1838 1,400 1839 1,400 1840 1,400 1841 1,400 1842 1,400 1843 $ 1,400 1844 1,400 1845 1,400 1846 1,600 1847 1,600 1848 2,500 1849 1,600 1850 2,400 1851 2,600 1852 2,500 1853 2,500 1854 3,000 1855 3,700 1856 $ 3,700 1857 3,800 1858 3,700 1859 3,700 1860 3,400 1861 3,400 1862 3,400 1863 3.400 1864 4,400 1865 4,200 1866 4,700 1867 5,000 The above table shows a commendable increase In the appro priations for schools. And by the graduated tables furnished by DR. LEWIS'S LATE FEMALE SEMINARY. EDUCATION. 375 the Secretary of the Board of Education, it wiU be seen that Lexington takes a high rank among her sister towns. In the Report of the Secretary of the Board for 1865, showing the amount expended per head upon all the scholars between the ages of five and fifteen years. It is seen that Lexington stands No. 17, in a list of 334 cities and toAvns, and that she actually expends $8.49 on each scholar; whUe more than half of the towns in the State, expended less than half of that sum. The same Report shows that In the County, consisting of 52 cities and toAvns, Lexington stands No. 7. In the Report of the Board for 1866, Lexington stands No. 11 In the list, having expended $10.88 upon each scholar, and in the County of Mid dlesex, she stands No. 5. From the above exhibit, It appears that Lexington will com pare favorably with the towns around her. In connection with the subject of education In Lexington, the school for young ladles, established by Dr. Dio Lewis, merits a brief notice. This school has some characteristics which dis tinguish it from the ordinary female seminaries. Physical dcA-el- opment receives a large share of attention. In addition to the usual branches taught In schools for young ladles, the new system of gymnastics, of which Dr. Lewis is the author. Is here intro duced, and made a part of the daily routine. These gymnastic exercises are so adapted to the anatomy or physical structure of the human frame, and are so various in their kinds, that every limb and every muscle Is brought into exercise -^ giving strength and tone to the whole body. The effect of this training is ob vious in the fact that many a young lady, of slender frame and deUcate complexion when she enters the school, leaves, at the close of thp year, with that physical development and glow of health so essential in those who are to become the mothers of the next generation. The same general principle is recognized in aU the instruction of the school, by so distributing the branches and exercises as to bring out the latent and neglected powers of each pupU. For instance, in the dramatic exercises, which are made somewhat prominent, the gelf-reUant young lady is to personate the mild and gentle character, and the bashful and timid girl to repre sent a character more bold and daring. In this way, a fuU 48 376 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. and properly developed character Is aimed at in all the instruc tion, and flattering results have been attained. The discipline of the school is paternal, and great care and watchfulness are extended over the morals and health of the pupUs. By such a system of training and discipline, the school has acquired a high reputation, and is favorably known through the country. This is apparent from the fact that Its Increasing patrons are distrib uted, not only over New England, but throughout the Middle and Western States. In the spring of 1864, Dr. Lewis, well and extensively known as a Physical Educator, purchased the Lexington House, which was erected for a Hotel, and fitted It up for a school for young ladies. Having engaged Theodore D. Weld, for many years Priacipal of the Eagleswood School, in New Jersey, and other experienced teachers, be opened his school with twenty pupils. During the term it was increased to thirty-two. During the next year the number Increased to one hundred and two, and the third year the number reached one hundred and forty-four. On the 7th of September, 1867, when the house had been refitted and Important Improvements made, to receive a larger number of pupils, the building took fire and was entirely con sumed. The loss of this noble edifice was deeply felt, not only by the citizens of Lexington, who regarded It as a great calamity, but by the friends of Physical Education in distant parts of the country. It is gratifying to learn, that Dr. Lewis intends to erect a buUding, on or near ^he same site, which wiU accommo date an equal number of scholars, and be better adapted to the purposes of the school than the former building. Dr. Lewis is justly entitled to the gratitude of the community for his new system of Gymnastics, — a system which has been Introduced into so many schools in this country and in Europe, and has called public attention to the subject of physical train ing, and so laid a foundation for the education of the whole man. It may also be said, in this connection, that Dr. Lewis has established a hospital or "movement cure" in the vUlage, where he has a considerable number of patients under his pecuUar mode of treatment, which, it is believed, has proved quite successful. CHAPTER XVI MILITARY AFFAIRS. No Records of the Military — Officers are mentioned — Men who served in the French and Indian Wars — List of Captain Parker's Company — At Cam bridge in May and June, 1775 — Men who served in the Revolution — Artillery Company — The Late Rebellion — Men in the Service. We have no means of giving a full and accurate history of the military organizations which have existed in the town from Its first settlement. In fact, the only record, or intimation of one, consists in the titles given to certain individuals from time to time in our Records. Before 1700, we. find the title of Captain' given to WiUiam Reed; in 1712, to Joseph Estabrook; and In 1717, to Joseph Bowman. Without pretending to give a fuU catalogue of the officers, or stating them in the exact order of time, we find the title of Cap tain given by the Records to Samuel Stone, Benjamin Reed, and WiUiam Reed, between the years 1740 and 1750, and in 1761 Benjamin Reed Is denominated Major, which shows that he had been promoted ; and soon after Thaddeus Bowman Is honored vrith the title of Captain. This brings us up to the commence ment of the Revolution. And It is worthy of special notice that the miUtary men of that day were the leading men of the town. No one has borne the title of Captain, whose name has not been found on the Board of Selectmen, or Assessors, or on some of the most Important Committees. Even the honor of Lieutenant was enjoyed by Ebenezer Fiske, Ensign by Robert Harrington, and Quarter Master by John Bridge, who were, in their day, some of the most popular and distinguished men of the toAni. The citizens of Lexington, during her whole history, have participated largely in the service of the field in times of war. In the early Indian wars several men from Cambridge Farms 378 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. were engaged; but as what is now Lexington, was then a part of Cambridge, we have no full or distinct account of that service. But in later periods, we find Lexington men scattered through almost every Massachusetts corps. Though the roUa are very Imperfect, and in many instances there is nothing to designate the place fi-om which the soldiers came, we have been enabled to coUect the following imperfect Usts. In 1725, we find the names of the foUowing men from Lexington : Co^tetV Blanchard. John Pierce. Samuel Lawrence. Corporal John White. Thomas Stearns. Nathaniel Kendall. In 1740, in the West India service : Gideon Powers. Joshua Winship, Jr. Nathan Munroe. Ezeklel EendaU. In 1745, at the capture of Louisburg, there must have been some men from Lexington, but as no roUs are preserved, we cannot give their names.. In 1754, we find the names of the foUowing persons : Sergeant William Munroe. John Fiske. Corporal Ephraim Fletcher. Joseph Locke. In 1755, the war Arith the French and Indians assuming a more decided character, a large force from Massachusetts was called out. Some acted under General Winslow at the eastward ^ and others in the neighborhood of Lake Champlain. The imper fect roUs show that Lexington fumished twenty-one men, and probably more. Captain William Reed. Amos Simonds. Sergeant WiUiam Munroe. John Pierce. Benjamin Edgell. Joseph Locke. Jonas Munroe, Jr. William Merriam. Josiah Stone. William Blodgett. Nehemiah Estabrook. Joseph Munroe, Jr. Ebenezer Winship. Simon Newton. Benjamin Munroe. Isaac Winship. Abraham Scott. David Fiske. Francis Teel. David Foster. James Bridge. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 379 In 1756, the war with the French and their Indian allies continuing unabated, new levies of troops were made, and Lex ington, never backward In such a cause, furnished the following soldiers : Sergeant Robert Wilson. Henry Harrington, Jr. Joseph Locke. Benjamin Bridge. Samuel Jones. Nathaniel Piper. Samuel Nevens. Nathaniel Walker. Benjamin Locke. Benjamin Whitcomb. Zacharlah Parker. Giles Bennett. Renben Raymond. Robert Wilson, Jr. Samuel ChafSn. - Uriah Holt. John Stockwell. John Pierce. Hugh Maxwell, Barnabas Wilson. Thomas Perry. Abel Whitcomb. Nathaniel Parker. Benjamin Locke. In 1757, another call was made for men, a considerable por tion of whom were marched to the relief of Fort William-Henry. The foUowing Is a pai-tial Ust of Lexington men : Sergeant Samuel Chaffin. Bogei: Wellington. Jonas Munroe. Samuel Jones. John Bridge. David Munroe. Thaddeus Munroe. John Munroe. Benjamin Muzzy. Silas Merriam, Benjamin Merriam. Simeon Eames. Alexander W. Dole. Benjamin Farley. John Clapham. Robert Moore. Jonathan Fessenden. Giles Bennetti Robert Wilson. Jonathan Ingersol. Benjamin Edgell. Josiah Blodgett. Nathaniel Ingersol. Phlnehas Blodgett. John White. Joseph Russell. Edward Winship. Abraham Scott. James Winship. James Munroe. Josiah Blodgett. Edmund Munroe. In 1758, Lexington had the foUoAring men in the service ; Ensign Robert Munroe. Jeremiah Bridge. Thomas Robinson, Henry Harrington. Joseph Fassett. Edmund Munroe. Thomas Robbins. James Munroe. Israel Underwood. Andrew Munroe. 380 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. In 1759, Lexington fumished ; James Winship. Henry Harrington. Israel Underwood. Thomas Robbins. Andrew Munroe. James Munroe. James Merriam. The faU of Quebec in 1759, did not Immediately produce the submission of Canada. The foUoAvIng year caUed for more ProAincial troops, and Lexington had a large number of men in the field. From dUapidated rolls the foUowing names have been gleaned : Captain John Clapham. Ensign Abraham Munroe. Sergeant Joseph Locke. Corporal David Munroe. Samuel Raymond. James Mann. James Winship. Joseph Reed. Aaron Wood. Alexander McDowell. Ebenezer Blodgett. Boston Draper. David Barnard. Andrew Munroe. Thomas Blodgett. Amos Locke, Jr. Robert Fiske. James Merriam. Nathan Chandler. Benjamin Dudley. William Dix. Edmund Dix. Abner Scott. Freeborn Hill. John Jar vis. Isaac Trask. Thaddeus Call. Jeremiah Harrington. Arthur McMuUen. John White. Thomas Perry. Though the French were in a great measure subdued on the northern frontier, the treaty of peace not having been concluded, a considerable portion of the troops were retained in the field in 1762, particularly to wateh the Indians. The foUowing men from Lexington were in the service : Ensign Abraham Scott. John Jarvis. Freeborn Hill. Israel Trask. Thomas Call. Jeremiah Harrington. Robert Herbert. WUliam Dix. Edmund Dix. John Godding. Thomas Godding. Thomas Robbins. Thomas Perry. Joseph Mason. Silas Merriam. Thaddeus Pierce. John Smith Robert Munroe. Stephen Munroe. Josiah Munroe. Jonas Perry.- Isaiah Trask. John Wood. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 381 The foregoing is an imperfect list of the men who served in the French and Indian wars from 1755 to 1763 ; and It reflects no discredit upon the town. Her Munroes, and Merriams, and Winships were found on every battle-field — at Louisburg, Quebec, Crown Point, TIconderoga, Fort William-Henry, and wherever a foe was to be encountered, or a daring deed to be performed. Some of the Lexington men were attached to the famous corps known as "Rogers's Rangers," — a corps in which Stark served his military apprenticeship ; — a corps whose name was expressive of the life they led — ranging through the wilderness, seeking their wary savage foe by day or by night. In silent glens, or secret ambush ; — a corps whose winter quarters were in tedious marchings amid drifted snows, frozen lakes, and ice-clad hills, — relying sometimes upon snow shoes, and some times upon skates for locomotion, — and carrying their only arsenal and commissariat in their packs. In such a corps were some of the hardy sons of Lexington trained — they, knowing that their lives were in their own hands, and that their escape from the tomahawk and scalping knife, the tortures of the faggot, or ignominious slavery, depended entirely upon their own severe trials, perpetual watchlngs, and determined courage. Edmund Munroe, of Lexington, was at one time attached to Rogers's Rangers, where he acted as an orderly sergeant, and also as adjutant of the regiment. In a small memorandum book, kept by him at Lake George, in August and September, 1758,' there are some notices of the events of the day, and a few things of interest. Under date of August 28, 1758, is the following : " The troops to fire a Rejoicing. — Firing this evening for the success of his Majesty's arms for the taking of Louisburg. The regiments to be under arms', and line the breastwork at six o'clock, — the firing to begin with twenty-one guns from the Royal ArtiUery, and then proceed from the right of the 27th Reariment round the line, and to finish with the left of Colonel Bao-ley's Regiment. This to be repeated till the whole have fired three rounds. The commanding officers of regiments to order a review of their men at twelve o'clock." But it seems that the Rangers, a separate corps, were on that • This MS. was found among the papers of Edmund Munroe, Esq., of Boston, for the perusal of which I am indebted to Francis Brown, Esq. 382 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. joyful occasion to act another part. Under same date, we have the following : " The Rangers to be under arms at six o'clock this evening, to iUuminate the rejoicing for the success of his Majesty's army at Louisburg, at which time Major Rogers to give to his Ranging Companies, as a token of his dependence on their Loyalty and BraA-ery, a Barrell of Wine treat, to congratulate this good news to them, and the good behavior of the four Companies of Ran gers at Louisburg, which has won to the corps a universal, national character." In 1761, Edmund Munroe was promoted to a Lieutenancy, by Governor Barnard, and in March, 1762, he was commissioned as Adjutant of Colonel Richard SaltonstaU's Regiment, and continued In the service till the peace of 1763. The more recent war of the Revolution, and the great interest we had at stake in the late Rebellion, have thrown the French war In a great measure into the shade. Few people at the present time realize the toils, the sufferings, and the sacrifices made by the Colony at that time to sustain the cause, and strengthen the arm of the mother country, which was shortly after raised to crush the patriotic colonists. From 1755 to 1763, the Colony of Massachusetts performed an amount of military service almost unparalleled. Minot, the historian, says, that in the year 1757, one third part of the effective men In the Colony, were In some way or other in the field. The patriotic devotion of the Colony, and the zeal with which our brave soldiers served Great Britain, should have excited her gratitude, and induced her to respect our rights. We have no full record of the military organization In Lexing ton at the commencement of the Revolution. In 1770, the officers of the Lexington Company were Thaddeus Bowman, Captain ; Jonathan Smith, Lieutenant ; and Robert Harrington, Ensign. These officers probably considered themselves super seded or discharged, after Govemor Gage virtually abdicated government here by refusing to convene the Legislature. The organization of companies of minute-men by the order of the Provincial Congress in 1774, appears to have been entirely out side of the old military organization. The Company which appeared on the Common in 1775, did not owe its organization MILITARY AFFAIRS. 383 to any law of the Legislature ; and It Is probable that Captain Parker and his subalterns had no commissions, except that of the vote of the Company, and the approbation of the Committee of Safety. This Company comprised the principal men of the place, and probably constituted the only actual organization In town at the time. John Parker was at that time forty-six years of age, and must have been a man who commanded the confi dence of the people. There were in town at that period. Lieu tenant Edmund Munroe, and Ensign Robert Munroe, both of whom had held commissions in the French War — besides twenty-five or thirty more who had seen service ; and the fact that John Parker was selected to command that Company, and that these officers and soldiers were willing to volunteer and serve under him, shows that he was a man of more than ordina:ry character, and one to be trusted in any emergency. And the result showed that this confidence was not ndisplaced. The important part acted by this Company on the 19th of April and subsequently, justly entitles them to a place In the historic page. RoU of the Officers and Soldiers of Captain Parker's Oompany in 1775. Captain John Parker. Josiah Smith. Lieutenant William Tidd. William Smith. Ensign Robert Munroe. Samuel Smith. Ensign^ Joseph Simonds. David Smith. Clerk Daniel Harrington. Phlnehas Smith. Ord, Sergeant William Munroe. Solomon Pierce. Sergeant Francis Brown. Benjamin Wellington. Sergeant Ebenezer White. Timothy Wellington. CorporaZ Joel Viles. Asahel Stearns. Corporal Samuel Sanderson. Thomas Winship. 'Corporal John Munroe. Thomas Bobbins. Corporal Ebenezer Parker. John Buckman. Nathaniel Farmer. Amos Muzzey. Samuel Winship. Jonathan Smith. John Winship. <. Joseph Loring. Joseph Robinson. Jonathan Loring. Francis Bowman. Benjamin Merriam. Joseph Smith. John Raymond. Ebenezer Smith. Nathaniel MulUken. Thaddeus Smith. David Mason. ¦ Abraham Smith. Joseph Mason, 49 384 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Elijah Sanderson. Solomon Brown. James Brown. Thaddeus Harrington. Jonathan Harrington. Jonathan Harrington, Jr. Thomas Fessenden. John Williams. Jonas Parker. Dr. John Fiske. Samuel Tidd. Samuel Hadley. Joshua Reed. John Tidd. Benjamin Tidd. Ebenezer Simonds. James Wyman. Thomas Hadley. Benjamin Hadley. WUliam Grimes. Isaac Blodgett. Hammond Reed. Joshua Simonds. Nathan Reed. John l^osmer. Abner Mead. Isaac Green. John Harrington. Benjamin Locke. Moses Harrington. William Harrington. Jeremiah Harrington. Thomas Harrington. Caleb Harrington. Nathan Fessenden. Ebenezer Munroe. " Ebenezer Munroe, Jr. Edmund Munroe. Stephen Munroe. Philemon Munroe, George Munroe. Jedidiah Munroe. AVIUiam Munroe, Jr. John Munroe, Jr. Nathan Munroe. John Chandler. John Chandler, Jr. William Merriam. ~Isaac Hastings. Amos Macrett. -. Thaddeus Reed. Thaddeus Parker. John Parkhurst. Thaddeus Muzzey. Jonathan Harrington, 3d. Nathan Wyman. Amos Locke. Robert Reed. John Robbins. John Munroe. Asa Munroe. Jonas Stone. Abijah Child. Joseph Bridge. John Bridge. William Reed. Josiah Reed. Isaac Muzzey. John Muzzey. , Thomas Cutler. John Brown. Israel Porter. Joseph Comee. Asahel Porter. Joseph Underwood. Prince Estabrook. Ebenezer Hadley. EU Burdoo. This Company not only served in the morning and in the afternoon of the memorable 19th of AprU, but on an alarm at Cambridge in May, and on the day of the battle of Bunker Hill in June, detachments from this Company, with the gallant Parker at their head, repaired promptly to the scene of action, MILITARY AFFAIRS. 385 and offered themselves for active service. The list of those who served on these occasions Is given below. Hott of a Detachment of Captain Parker's Company, called to Cam bridge, and who served from May 6 to May 10, 1775. Captain John Parker. ^ Ensign Joseph Symonds. Sergeant Ebenezer White. Corporal Joel Yile^ Corporal Ebenezer 'Parker. Joseph Mason. John Munroe. Samuel Bowman. Jonas Clark. WiUiam Smith. Benjamin WelUngton. John Smith. Elijah Sanderson. Matthew Bridge. Ebenezer Hadley. Nathan Munroe. Thomas Harrington. Phlnehas Smith. Joseph Underwood.N ^Isaac Hastings. WlUIam Reed. Simeon Swan. John Wellington. Jonas Parker. James Brown. Nathan Underwood. WUliam Munroe, 4th. Joseph Estabrooke. Moses Harrington. Walter Russell. Joshua Reed, Jr. Isaac Greene. Ebenezer Smith. John Chandler,, Jr. NEbenezer Munroe. EU Burdoo. Robert Reed. Nathan Fessenden. Moses Harrington, Jr. Reuben Locke. Jonathan Loring. Thomas Harrington. William Grimes. ~^John Munroe, Jr. John Harrington. Total— 45. Master Boll of a paart of Captain Parker's Company, who were called to Cambridge, June 17 and 18, 1775. Captain John Parker. Lieutenant John Bridge. Lieutenant WiUiam Tidd. Ensign Joseph Symonds. Sergeant Francis Brown. Sergeant^ William Munroe. Sergeant Ebenezer White. Corporal Joel VUes. Corporal Samuel Sanderson. Corporal John Munroe. Corporal Ebenezer Parker. Joshua Symonds. Joseph Locke, Jr. ^John Munroe. Josiah Blodgett. Stephen Munroe. Ebenezer Munrpe. Benjamin Tidd. Reuben Reed. John Muzzy, Jr. Thaddeus Muzzy. Samuel Bowman. 386 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. William Grimes. Solomon Pierce. Jonathan Smith. Abraham Smith. John Smith. Joseph Loring, Jr. Ebenezer Hadley. Timothy Wellington. Jonathan Bridge. Benjamin Bowman. John Chandler, Jr. Nathan Reed. "SNathan Munroe. Reuben Locke. ^Edmund Munroe. Thomas Harrington; Solomon Brown. Nathan Fessenden. Samuel Smith. John Tingel. Thaddeus Reed. Timothy Smith. ^Samuel Tidd. Francis Bowman. Jonathan Loring. EU Burdoo. Joseph Underwood.^ Nathan Bridge. "¦~ William Munroe, 4th. George Adams. William Smith. John Harrington. Joseph Smith. ~~Isaac Hastings. Phlnehas Stearns. William Reed, 3d. William Eustis. Tlbenezer Munroe, Jr. Prince Estabrook. Total— 61. The Imperfect Records of that day do not furnish us with a complete list of the Lexington men who served in the Revolution , or the length of time they were In the field. A large number of names are found on the roUs in the archives of the State, but it Is Impossible to make out a full list or a complete classification. The best list that we can obtain Is the followmg. A Committee, of which Benjamin Brown was Chairman, appointed for the purpose, submitted a Report to the Town, dated May 14, 1779, containing the names of the persons who served, the Campaigns in which the service was rendered, and the amount they were to receive. Military Services rendered by the Inhabitants of Lexington in the War of the Revolution, from the first Campaign in 1775, to the close of Vlldi, exclusive of the three years' men. FiBST Campaign of Eioht Months, 1775. £ .. Captain Bowman, for his son Ebenezer 6 0 Jjieutenant Jona. Smith, for his son Daniel 6 d Joseph Robinson, Benj. Steams, for his son Asahel, Abijah Child, or Micah Hager, Samuel Sanderson, for Isaac Durant, .... John Winship, . MILITARY AFFAIRS. 387 Benjamin Fiske, for Pauper, Lieutenant Thomas Fessenden, for Wm. Diamond, Benj. Brown, for his son James, Joseph Simonds, for Benjamin Hadley, .... Thomas Hadley, Jr. Bezaleel Lawrence, for Isaac Green Bezaleel Lavnrence, for Abner Mead Benj. Estabrook, Guard, to Asa Robinson David Fisk, for his son David, Abraham Merriam, . Amos Russell, . John Peck, .... Ezekiel Alline £ 3 65 66 6 0 5 0 Total, £98 0 12 13 19 0 19 0 19 0 SECONn Campaign op Twelve Months TO New York. £ s. Sam'l Hastings, for son Samuel, 19 0 John Winship, . . . . 19 0 Lieutenant Thomas Fessenden, for Wm. Diamond, . Benjamin Brown, for son James WilUam Reed, for son Josiah, . Joseph Simonds, for Benjamin Hadley, Joshua Simonds,' for' Daniel Bemis, ..... Abraham Merriam, . Joshua Reed, for Ezra Merriam, or his father, Abraham Mer riam Ephraim Winship, . Joseph Robinson, Thomas Winship, Guard, to Jeremiah Robinson, . . 19 0 Saml, Sanderson, for Isaac Du rant, . . . • . . 19 0 Thomas Locke, . . . 19 0 Lieutenant Jona. Smith, for son Daniel 19 0 Benjamin Steams, or his son Hubback 19 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 19 0 19 ¦0 Third Campaign, February, 1775, Two Months, to Cambridge. Captain Francis Brown, 'Joseph Simonds, . John Muzzy, . . John Simonds, . . Joel Yiles, Dea. Loring or son Jonathan, Josiah Smith or son Josiah, Rev. Mr. Clarke, for son Jonas, Benjamin Wellington, or Ezekiel Alline, 19 0 Benjamin Estabrook, Guard, to Asa Robinson, . . .19 0 Daniel Simonds, . . . 19 0 Total, £354 13 Total, FoTTKTH Campaign, July 1775, Months, to Ticonderoga. £ s. 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 . 1 10 £ 12 03 Heirs of Lieutenant Edmund Munroe, deceased, Ebenezer Hadley, Benj. Brown, for son Solomon, Josiah Smith, Jr., . . . Robert Reed, .... Captain Francis Brown, . Lieutenant Daniel Harrington, for John Smith, Hammond Reed, Bezaleel Lawrence, Amos Muzzy, . John Simonds, . Nathan Reed, . Jesse Crosby, . Samuel Munroe, Benjamin Estabrook, Elijah Sanderson, Francis Brown, Captain Bowman, for son Eben ezer Benj. Wellington, ¦j , ™. ,,r ,,. . f furnish a Tim. WelUngton, ^ ^^„^ Joseph Underwood, <, FrvE 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 388 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. £ s. £ ,, John Chandler, . 9 0 Amos Locke, . . . 3 15 William Reed, . . 9 0 John Muzzy, Jr., . 7 10 Daniel RusseU, . 9 0 John Bowman, . . 7 10 Moses Reed, . 9 0 Amos Marret, . . . 7 10 Jonas Stone paid his fine. . . 9 .0, Abijah ChUds, . 'Ebenezer Mtmroe, . WiUiam Smith, . 7-10 Benjamin Locke, . 9 0 . 7 10 . 3 15 Total, . £225 0 Samuel Bridge, . 7 10 FiPTH Campaign, to Ticonderoga. vThomas Cutler, . 7 10 £ .. . 6 0 Phinehas Steams, . 7 10 John Muzzy, . Thomas Robbins, . 1 18 Thomas Fox, . . 6 0 Moses Harrington, . . 7 10 Ensign Robert Harrington . 3 9 Samuel Winship, . 7 10 Thomas Robbins, Jr., Thaddeus Parker, . 3 15 Total, £15 9 . 7 10 ^WUUam Munroe, deceased , . 7 10 Sixth Campaign, July, 1776, Four ^John Munroe, . . 3 15 Months, to Dorch ESTER, John Tidd, . 3 15 £ S. . 3 10 Total, Dr. Joseph Fiske, £ 129 8 Benjamin Tidd, . 3 10 Ndjth Campaign, December, 1776, Benjamin Smith, Jr., . 3 10 Three Months to Boston, and Sampson Adams, . 3 10 One to Dorchester. Total, £14 00 £ s. Ebenezer Smith, . . 2 0 Seventh Campaign, Sept EMBER, 1776, Daniel Mason, . Isaac Cutler, . 2 0 to White Plaii «s. . 2 13 £ s.* -Samuel Mimroe, . 2 0 James Wyman, . . 5 0 Lieutenant Daniel Harrington, . 2 0 Asa Munroe, . . 6 0 Levi Mead, . 2 13 Joshua Reed, . . 6 0" Marret Munroe, . . . 2 14 WUliam Reed, . John Parkhvirst, . 5 0 . 6 0 Total, £16 0 Robert Moor, . . 5 0 Tenth Campaign, April . 1777. TO Lieutenant Ebenezer 'White . 6 0 Provu)enoe, Two Months. Benjamin Stearns, . . 6 0 £ J. WUUam Tidd, . . 6 0 William Reed, . . i 0 Josiah Jenison, . . . 5 0 Sergeant Moses Harrington , . 4 0 Benjamin WeUington, . 6 0 Thomas Smith, . . 4 0 Nathaniel Munroe, . . 6 0 Joseph Russell, . 4 0 Matthew Bridge, . 5 0 Henry Harrington, Jr., Nathaniel Fessenden, Total, . 4 0 Total, £65 0 !E Months, . 4 0 Eighth Campaign, Thri £24 0 TO the Jersies . Elevenjh Campaign, to Benning- £ «. TON, IN 1777. Captain John Bridge, . 7 10 £ !. Sergeant John WUliams, . . 7 10 Lieutenant Daniel Harringt on, . 9 0 Henry Harrington, Jr., , . 3 15 John Muzzy and others, a man, 9 0 MILITARY AFFAIRS. 389 PhUip Russell and others, a man, 9 'William Tidd and others, a man, 9 Ensign Robert Harrington and others, a man, . . .9 Robert Moore and others, a man, 9 Thomas Winship and others, a man Joshua Simonds and others, a man Sergeant Solomon Pierce, . Phinehas Stearns and others, a man, Ebenezer Munroe and others, a man, . . . . .90 Benjamin Steams, . . ,90 Amos Munroe and others, a man, 9 0 Samuel Bridge and others, a man 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 Total, £126 0 Twelfth Campaign, to take Bur goyne. Lieutenant WiUiam Munroe, . 4 0 Lieutenant Thomas Fessenden, . 4 0 Sergeant Benj. Wellington, . 4 0 Phinehas Stearns, . . .40 Thaddeus Reed, . . .40 John Chandler, . . .40 Matthew Bridge, . . .40 John Fiske, . . . .40 Total, . . . £32 0 Thirteenth Campaign, December, 1777, to Guard the Lines hear Cambridge, Five Months. Abijah Harrington, . Sergeant Timothy Wellington, Samuel Smith, . . Samuel Bridge, £ 44 11 £ s. . 4 10 . 4 10 . 4 10 . 4 10 . 4 10 . 4 10 £39 12 Benjamin Fiske, Jonathan Harrington, Henry Harrington, Jr. Prince Estabrook, Josiah Mead, Ebenezer Smith, Total, Fourteenth Campaign, at Cam bridge, Three Months, 1778. Lieutenant Daniel Harrington, Levi Harrington, John Simonds, . Nathaniel Simonds, WUliam Munroe, Joshua Reed, Jr. Stephen Locke, Amos Muzzy, . Nathaniel Russell, John Smith, . . Cally Newell, . Joseph Loring, Jr. Thomas Adams, WUliam Smith, Total, £ s. 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 3 10 £49 00 Fifteenth Campaign at Providence, June, 1778, Six Months. Daniel Smith, . Isaac Hasting, , Hammond Reed, Thomas Fox, . Nathaniel Reed, Benjamin Tidd, John MulUken, Total, £ 5 555 66 5 £35 0 Sixteenth Campaign, Captain Francis Brown. Sergernt Joseph Smith. Sergeant Samuel Piper. Sergeant Samuel Brown. Sergeant Alpheus Bigelow. Corporal Nathan Brown. AT Providence, Six Weeks, August, 1778. Corporal Silas Wood. Corporal Henry Gould. Corporal James CogsweU. Fifer John Edwards. Peter Steams. Ebenezer Perkins. John Chandler. Samuel Pratt, William Wheeler. Jonathan Brooks. Henry Harrington. Phinehas Hager. 390 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. James Holman. Lot Conant. . Samuel Bond. Elijah Brown. Jeremiah Knowlton. Thaddeus Winship. Simon Crosby. Timothy KiUock. James Billings. John Conant. Josiah Reed. John Barrett. David Melvin. James Peacock. James Heyward. Amos Buttrick. Joseph Brooks. John L. Davis. John Fiske. Nathan Fiske. Amos Pierce. Abner Matthews. Silas Livermore. TUly Mead. T. Adams. Josiah Jennison. Peter Jones. Henry Morgan. Isaac Pierce. Charles Shepard. Joseph Stratton. Stephen Munroe. Paris Michels. WUliam Richards. Reuben Ball. Joseph Turner. WUliam S. Baker. John Harris. John Robbins. Simeon Heyward. Thaddeus Bowker. Charles Flint. Josiah Meak. Ebenezer Jones. Nathan Buttrick. Isaac Cutter. Seventeenth Campaign, at Providence, Six Months. Benjamin Brown. Benjamin Danforth. Simon Winship. Joseph Reed. Jesse Cro&by. John Tidd. John Williams. The following names are found upon the roll as Lexington men, and certified to by our Selectmen in 1782. Six Months' Men in 1780. Ezra Merriam. Philip Davis. Henry Harrington. Richard Winship. William Dimond. Abraham Merriam Joseph Morriam. Joseph Foot. James Robinson. Silas Merriam, Cato Tuder. Prince Estabrook. Samuel Crafts. There are other names, which we cannot classify at aU, nor teU at what time, or for what period they served. Daniel Simonds. Silas Burdoo. Benjamin Sampson. Jonas Underwood. Nathan Brown. Stephen Mtmroe. Christopher Mann. Matthew Farrington. Nicholas Duren. It will be seen, that in the foregoing lists, the same name In some cases appears more than once. This arises from the fact that the same person was out in different campaigns ; and If some of the names here given should be repeated in the following list of those who served in the Continental line, the same explanation will apply — they served in the militia either before or after their service in the regular army. But, after all, the Usts are Imper fect, as many of the rolls are destroyed. As far as the amounts for the service are carried out, we have foUowed the Report of the Committee ; but as they stopped MILITARY AFFAIRS. 391 short of the close of the war, and did not include those who were called out suddenly to meet an emergency, like Captain Brown's Company, which went to Rhode Island, we have inserted their names, and others which we found upon the rolls. The following Is the list of the three years' men, as far as we can collect them from the dilapidated rolls. Those whose names are marked with a star (*) enlisted in 1780, for three years, or during the war. Men who enlisted in Lexington for three years, or during the war, and served, in the Continental Liiie, 'Captain Edmund Munroe. Lieutenant Ebenezer White. Ensign David Simonds. Nehemiah Estabrook.* David Fiske.* Samuel Crafts.* ^ Thaddeus Munroe.* Amos RusseU.'* "¦ George Munroe. Joseph Cox. Daniel Simonds. Ebenezer Hadly.* James Fowle.* Thomas Hadly. Levi Mead.* Pomp Blackman. Jupiter Tree.* Prince Estabrook.* Daniel Bemis. Joseph Barney. Francis Chaffin. William Crosby. David Evans.* Benjamin Hadly. Titus Heywood. Benjamin Pierce. Nathan Gale.* Nathan Smith.* Abraham Merriam.* Silas Merriam.* Isaac Parker.* Michael Neagles.* 60 Samuel Harrington.* Seth Reed.* Joseph Foote. John Holden.* Peter Brooks. Simeon Crosby. Thomas Clark. Philip Davis.* Benjamin Fiske. Jabez Frothingham. John Farmer. William Grimes. Josiah Gennerson. Josiah Gilbert. Samuel Hastings. David Samson. Isaac Smith.* Ezra Merriam.* Joseph Merriam.* "^Abraham Munroe. ^Joseph Munroe. Cornelius Lennix. Abner Mead. Abraham Winship. Moses Mead. Micah Hager. Asahel Stearns. Thomas Locke. Asa Robinson. Benjamin Samson. Enoch Wellington. James Webber. 392 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. William Diamond.* Pomp Fiske. Francis FuUington.* Richard Winship.* Cato Tuder. Henry Harrington.* James Robinson.* Jaihes Wilson. .^Asa Munroe. Abel Stearns. Abraham Smith. David Lanny. Samuel Pierce. Francis Brown. John Smith. sEbenezer Munroe. John Hosmer. David Clark. Samuel Ditson. Joseph Robinson. Thomas Hadly. Thaddeus Harrington. \ Amos Marrit. Robert Mead. Elijah Sanderson. Solomon Brown. Jonathan Loring. Samuel Munroe. NJonathan Munroe.* > Thomas Blodgett. Ebenezer Bowman. William Locke. WUUam Locke, Jr. Edmund Locke. Ebenezer Robinson. Joseph Frost.* John Tingle.* Abel Winship. Isaac Durant. Thomas Locke. \ William Tidd. Robert Fiske. James Robinson.* Several on the foregoing list are known to have been colored men, and some of th'em slaves — among whom are Samuel Crafts, Pomp Blackman, Jupiter Tree, Prince Estabrook, Pomp Fiske, Cato Tuder, John Tingle, and perhaps others. But notwithstanding the color of their skin, they were deemed worthy. to fight side by side with white men to achieve our Independence. And It is due to our fathers to say, that when slaves enlisted into the service, they were generally permitted to take their freedom If they desired it. It should also be remarked, that some of the foregoing list had served in the other and shorter campaigns, before entering the Continental Line ; and that some who are enroUed among the- first three years' men, continued in the service by re-enlistment, though their names appear but once. When we consider that Lexington was at the commencement of the Revolution a small town of only aboiit seven hundred inhabitants, no one can pronounce her backward In supplying men to prosecute to success, a war which was so gloriously commenced within her borders. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 393 And in addition to the men who were duly enroUed for the service, there was another voluntary organization, known as " the Alarm List," composed of those who were too infirm, too old or too young to be subject to mUitary duty in the field. These men stood ready to tum out on any sudden emergency. Such organ izations existed in almost every to'wn throughout the Province, and In many cases included the clergymen of the parishes, who had not in those days embraced that sickly sentimentalism, that war in all cases was contrary to the Gospel, and could not inno cently be resorted to under any circumstances — a doctrine which has received a stern rebuke by the late slaveholders' rebellion. Men of reflection have become satisfied that a nation, like an individual, is by the laws of nature — the laws of God, clothed with the right of self-preservation; and when its existence is threatened, it is bound by a religious obligation to sustain its being at every hazard, and by aU the fair means that God and nature have put in its power. War is to be dreaded, and prevented as far as practicable ; but like the amputating knife, is allowable to save the life of the body politic. And though war In itself is a great calamity, and leaves many evils In its train, the history of the world shows that some of the grandest steps in civUization have grown out of the wars which at the time were regarded as great calamities. The fact Is, God is the God of nations as weU as of Individuals, and he punishes the one as well as the other for their sins. As the Amorltes of old were driven out of Canaan for their Iniquities, so nations at the present day often feel the chastening of the Almighty In conse quence of their sins. Dealing with men as free moral agents, God bears long with them, but when they become hardened in their sins — when the measure of their iniquity Is full, he permits the awfiil scourge of war to do Its strange work. What else in the course of nature could have humbled the mad ambition of the South, but the mighty struggle through which we have recently passed ! What else could have brought to a speedy termination that system of slavery which had inter woven itself into the fibres of southern society, polluting the very fountain of social morality, of poUtical rectitude, and reU gious faith ! When the lordly masters, prompted by ambition, faUed In their attempt to spread their corrupt and corrupting 394 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. institution through our broad domain, they vainly sought to overthrow the fair fabric of freedom, and establish upon Its ruins an inglorious empire, resting upon human servitude as its chief corner-stone ! A purpose so base and Inhuman, so repugnant to the spirit of the age, and so at variance with the laws of God, could not fail to draw down upon the devoted heads of these impious rebels, the sore displeasure of Him who has made of one blood all the nations of the earth. And what instrament of punishment was more suitable than the sword which they had wickedly drawn ! And what consequence could be more just and appropriate than the complete overthrow of the very institu tion they vainly attempted to extend and perpetuate ! Surely the righteous Sovereign of the Universe overrules the base designs of the unrighteous, and teaches the enemies of human freedom, that their unholy schemes shall not prosper. This signal overthrow of the Institution of slavery by the very means employed to sustain and extend it — ^thls converting of the mad ambition and base passions which slavery has produced in the masters. Into instruments for the liberation of the slave, will teach the aspirants after power, that their base machinations to build lip an oligarchy on the ruins of free Institutions, must prove abortive ; and that the magnitude of their preparations, and the vastness of their appliances will only augment the greatness of their fall. " Oh sons of earth, in vain ye strive to rise. By mountains piled on mountains to the skies ! Heaven still with laughter the vain toil surveys. And buries madmen in the heaps they raise." It is difficult to tell what the military organization of the town of Lexington was during the Revolution. In 1779, there were two mUitary companies ; for the town at a public meeting voted that the interest of the cause required that the two existing com panies be united In one. Immediately after the close of the war, there was an important change in mUitary organizations. The people had seen the importance of a military force ; and the State adopted measures accordingly to make the mUitia more e^fficient. MHilTARY AFFAIRS. 395 In Lexington, an ArtUlery Company was formed. The •record of its organization is probably lost. It appears by the town Records, that at a meeting held December 16, 1784, the town voted, " That the Artillery Company now forming have liberty to erect an ArtiUery House on that part of the Common, where the Belfry formerly stood." This record, unimportant in other respects, fixes with a good degree of certainty, the period when that company 'was formed. Our prescribed limits will not permit us to pursue its history. The mlUtia organizations were kept up In Massachusetts till about 1825, when the mUitary spirit began to wane. Some were afraid of the expense ; others thought the whole thing un necessary. Pretended philanthropists ridiculed mUitary parades, and some pious and shortsighted clergymen would supersede war by forming Peace Societies, and restrain the grasping ambition of the nations, by holding Peace Conventions, and passing abstract Resolutions. Such views and feelings tended to bring tUe military into disrepute, and our militia system was practically given up. In the cities and large towns there were a few volun teer companies ; and this was all the organization which in fact existed at the commencement of the recent rebelUon. But the late struggle through which we have passed, has, we hope, convinced the reflecting, that resolutions are less protective in an hour of danger than batteries, and that rebels have less dread of Peace Conventions than of weU appointed armies. When we consider the important services rendered by the few organized regiments of Massachusetts, by appearing promptly at Washington, when that city was threatened, we must see the wisdom of military preparation ; and if our la'vv-makers are •wise, they 'wiU see to it, that a partial organization at least, be kept up, untU the States lately in rebellion show more humility than they do at present, and manifest a spirit more in accordance with the known will of the people. Moral suasion has great power ; but it is rendered more efficient when it Is known that there is a military arm which wiU sustain it In an exigency. During the rebelUon, Lexington, as we have seen, was not behind her neighboring towns. She furnished more than her quota of men. The foUowing is a Ust of men, with their rank and term of service, as reported by the Selectmen in 1866. 396 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Officers, Soldiers ¦^and Seamen, of the Town of Lexington, who have been in the Service of the United States, since the Commencement of the Rebellion. ARMT. AprU 16, 1861. — Edward T. Chandler, 3d Reg. Co. C. 3 mos. Sept. 21, 1861. — Re-enlisted 22d Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Wounded in hand near the Wilderness, Va., May, 1864. May — , 1861. — Samuel E. Chandler, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. Wounded and taken prisoner at the first Bull-Run battle. He was confined in Eiohmond till Feb., 1862, when he was released. — Re-enlisted 12th Reg. 3 years. He was Sergeant in Co. D, promoted to Quartennaster Sergeant, discharged to accept the ofSce of 1st Lieut., In 7th Mo. Cavalry, and served as Adjutant. May 1, 1861. —Frank V. Butters, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. — Royal Ramsey, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. May—, 1861. — Elijah D. Gossom, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. — Re-enlisted 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Discharged for disability, April 9, 1863. May — , 1861. — Henry A. Angler, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. Wounded and taken prisoner at first BuU-Kun battle, was confined at Richmond. — WUUam W. Melvin, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. Sept. — , 1862. —Re-enlisted 5th Reg. Co. H. 9 mos. May — , 1861. — Wilbur F. Harding, 5th Reg. Co. K. 3 mos. Sept. — , 1862. — Re-enlisted 5th Reg. Co. H. 9 mos. May — ,1861. — Henry Johnson, 6th Reg. Co. G. 3 mos. June — , 1861. — John Gallagher, 9th Reg. Co. I. 3 years. Disabled temporarily by the bursting of a shell in McClellan's re treat near Richmond. — Joseph H. P. Fiske, 11th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. Discharged. Re-enlisted Veteran. — Charles A. Fiske, 11th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. ^ Wounded severely in the arm. Re-enlisted Veteran. — Andrew A. Harrington, 11th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. — Francis H. Kneeland, 12th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. — Charles H. Fiske, 12th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. Killed at Antietam, Sept. 1862. — Daniel G. Fiske, 12th Reg. Co. G. 3 years. — John H. Peters, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Corporal. Wounded at Antietam. — Adam Peters, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Wounded in the head. — George LInsey, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. — Charles H. PuflFer, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Wounded at Fredericksburg, and died at Alexandria. — Loring W. Muzzey, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Promoted to Quartermaster, May, 1862, to Captain and Commissary of Subsistence, March, 1864, and to Major and Commissary of Subsistence, July, 1866. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 397 June — , 1861. — George E. Muzzey, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Promoted to Quartermaster Sergeant, June, 1862, to lat Lieutenant, July, 1863, and appointed Quartermaster, March, 1864. — A. H. Kneeland, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. — James A; Williams, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. — Benjamin Thorn, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Killed. — Henry A. Lovewell, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Discharged. July — , 1861. — Charles Cutler, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Died August 29, 1862, of disease contracted in the service, — E. E. Hatch, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Killed May 3, 1863, at Ohancellorsyille, Va. — H. W. Stearns, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. — Isaac F. Buttrick, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Wounded, and discharged. — Charles F. Buttrick, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. — Sumner Crosby, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. — George Flint, Jr., 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Wounded in the hand. — WUliam M. Locke, 16th Beg. Co. H. 3 years. — Jonas F. Capell, 16th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. 2d Lieutenant, June, 1862, Ist Lieutenant, August, 1862, Captain, 1863. Major by Brevet. — Ralph Cole, 16th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. — Isaac F. Kinaston, 16th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. — John O. Niel, 16th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. Wounded in the foot. Re-enlisted in the Veteran Reserve Corps. — John Healy, 16th Reg. Co. H. 3 years. Discharged August, 1863, for disability, having been wounded in the hand. — Charles R. Johnson, 16th Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Captain. Was wounded at Chancellorsville, >and again at G-ettys- burg, and died at home of the latter wound. — Charles McMahan, 16th Reg. Co. A. 3 years. — John Howard, 16th Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Discharged March, 1862, — Re- enlisted. — F. Murphy, 16th Reg. Co. F. 3 years. — John Bannon, 16th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. jj.ug. _, 1861. — WUliam De Coty, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Died of wounds received at second Bull-Run battle, October 18, • 1862. — John G. Sherman, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Wounded at Fredericksburg. — John Mauley, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Killed at Frederickaburg. — William W. Jones, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Re-enlisted Veteran Reserve. — Michael Crowley, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. — George B. Dennett, 12th Reg. Co. E. 3 years. Was taken prisoner, and confined la several prisons, and at last transferred to Andersouville, 398 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Aug. — , 1861. — Windsor Smith, 13th Beg. Go. B. 3 years. Discharged. — Joseph Chandler, 13th Reg.^ Co. B. 3 years. Taken prisoner at the second Bull-Run Battle, paroled, and dis. charged for disability, — Charles B. Harrington, 13th Reg. Co. B. 3 years. Died September, 1862, of disease contracted in the service, — George H. Smith, 13th Reg. Co. B. 3 years. — WiUiam Green, 13th Reg. Co. B. 3 years. — John Crowley, 14th Reg. Co. C. 3 years. Sept. — , 1861. —Thomas H. Earle, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. Died July, 1863, In South Carolina. — Luke Estabrooks, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — WUUam Estabrooks, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — Henry M. Jones, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — Charles Cole, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — John K. Hanscom, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. Discharged for disability. — George B. HUdreth, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — James Cody, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. Discharged. — Cyrus M. Cutler, 22d Reg. Co. F. 3 years. — Joseph Simonds, 22d Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Corporal. Died October, 1862, of wounds received at Malvern Hill. — George D. Harrington, 22d Reg. Co. F. 3 years. — Thomas K. Sawin, 22d Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Discharged. Sept. — , 1862. — Re-enUsted in 45th Reg. Co. D. 9 mos. — Charles A. Gould, 23d Reg. Co. K. 3 years. Promoted to Assistant Adjutant General, rank of Captain. — Luther H. Pushee, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. — Martin Walsh, 1st Cavalry. 3 years. Dec. — , 1861. — John Callahan, 30th Reg. 3 years. Re-enlisted. 1861. — William Gleason, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. Discharged. — Frank W. Bryant, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. — Alvin Cole, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. — Nathan W. Penniman, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. — Sayles V. Lawrence, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. — Henry L. Wheelock, 1st Sharpshooters. 3 years. — E. B. BuUard, N. Y. 6th Beg. 3 years. Killed. — A. Trask, N. T. 6th Mozart Reg. 3 years. — John Gately, N. Y. 5th Reg. 3 years. Discharged. * Mar. — , 1862. — Jeremiah Logan, 19th Reg. 3 years. Wounded, and discharged. He had served in the English army at the Crimea. Mar. — , 1864. — Be-enUsted 28th Reg. 3 years. Wounded, — Thomas KeUey, 20th Reg. Co. A. 3 years. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 399 May — , 1862. — WiUiam Dillon, 21st Reg. 8 years. Aug. — , 1862. — Hugh O. Donnell, 20th Reg. 3 years. -^ Adams Stimpson, 20th Reg. 3 years. -p- Samuel Adams, 20th Reg. 3 years. — James Isherwood, 20th Reg. 3 years. — John W. Hudson, 85th Beg. Co. D. 3 years. 2d Lieutenant, Co. D, 1st Lieutenant, Co, D, September, 1863, Captain, Co. H, November, 1863, M^or, Septemiber, 1864, and Lieutenant Colonel, February, 1865. — Benjamin M. Marchant, 35th Reg, Co. D. 3 years. Sergeant. — Jarvis W, Dean, 35th Reg. Co. D. 3 years. Sergeant, Co. K, wounded severely at Antietam, and discharged for disability. — Timothy Leary, 40th Reg. Co. F. 3 years. Killed. — Warren Kinaston, 38th Reg. Co. F. 8 years. Died June, 1864. — Thomas Cosgrove, 40th Reg. Co. P. 3 years. — Charles M. Parker, 24th Reg. 3 years. — Charles Flagg, 24th Reg. 3 years. Re-enlisted. — George A. Trull, 24th Reg. 3 years. — N. B. Chamberlain, 24th Reg. Co. A. 3 years. Re-enlisted. •^ Daniel Crowley, 28th Reg. Co. A. 3 years. -^ D. Conway, 28th Reg. Co, A. 3 years. T- WiUiam P. Briggs, 32d Reg. , 3 years. — Lucius B. Angler, 1st Cavalry, 3 years, Sept. — , 1862. —Alvin W. Harding, 5th Beg, Go, IJ. 9 months. -w Frederic H. Harding, 6th Reg, Co. H, 9 months. — Arthur F. Gould, 44th Reg. 9 months, — WUUam Winning, 44th Reg, 9 months. -T- Ira G. Kinaston, 46th Beg. Co. C. 9 months. — Isaac W. Holmes, 46th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. — George W. Wright, 45th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. _ WlUis L. Wright, 46th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. — Walter R. Wright, 45th Reg. Co. D. 9 months. — Frank O. KendaU, 45th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. Sergeant. — Samuel H. Jpnes, 45th Beg. Co. p, 9 mm-^s. Corporal, — Re-enUsted Heav ArtUlery. — George Simonds, Jr., 46th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. — Josiah Bryant, 45th Reg.. Co, P. 9 months. — Sidney Butters, 46th Beg, Co. D. 9 months. — George H. Butterfield, 45th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. — David Fitch, 46th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. — CUfford Saville, 45th Beg. Co. P, 9 jaonths. Slightly wounded Id the besdf 61 400 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Sept. — , 1862. -Henry E Crouch, 46th Reg. Co. D. 9 months. — John D. Bussey, 45th Reg. Co. D. 9 months. — Abraham W. Johnson, 46th Reg. Co. D. 9 months. — Charles L. Tidd, 48th Beg. Co. A. 9 months. — Orlgen B. DarUng, 46th Beg. Co. D. 9 months. Oct. — , 1863. — Be-enUsted 1st Battery, Co. B. 3 months. Oct. — , 1862. — WiUiam A. Merriam, 47th Beg. Co. G. 9 months. — John Byron, 47th Reg. Co. G. 9 months. Died at New Orleans. — Charles H. Dean, 47th Reg. Co. G. 9 months. — Milton Nourse, 47th Reg. Co. G. 9 months. — Frank H. CapeU, 47th Reg. Co. G. 9 months. AprU — , 1864. — Re-enlisted in the Regular Army. Oct. — , 1862. — WUUam B. Nason, 38th Reg. 3 years. — James R. Carpenter, 38th Reg. 3 years. Dec. —, 1862.— John Grover, N. Y. 99th Reg. Co. K. 3 years. July —, 1863. — Albert Hanford, 3d Bat. Unattached Heavy Art. 3 yrs. — Clarence Hanford, 3d Bat. Unattach'd Heavy Art. 3 yrs. Nov. — , 1863. — Charles BerUtz. 3 years. — Curtis WilUams, 54th Reg. 3 years. — Patrick Faley, 56th Reg. Co. B. 3 years. — Charles F. Buxton. 3 years. — John F. DonneUy, 56th Reg. 3 years. — Alfred Johnson, 4th Cavalry. 3 years. — James S. O'Brien, 2nd Heavy Art. Co. G. 3 years. — Francis A. Bergain, 4th Cavalry. 3 yeafs. Dec. — , 1863. — Thomas French, 4th Cavalry. 3 years. — Francis Edgar, 3d Cavalry, 3 years. — Edward Connauton, 56th Reg. 3 years. — WUUam Byle. 8 years. — Dennis McMahan, 56th Beg. Co. C. 3 years. Was taken prisoner at Petersburg, and died at Andersonville, — Patrick Gray, 2d.Heavy Art. Co. G. 3 years. — Matthew Egan, 2d Heavy Art. Co. H. 3 years. — James Sheena, 2d Heavy Art. Co. G. 3 years. — John Wright, 11th Bat. Co. C. 3 years. Mar., — , 1864. — WiUiam Manning, 28th Beg. 3 years. — Stephen Carroll, 28th Reg. 3 years. May — , 1864. — James McGuire, 3dU. S. Art. Regular Army. 3 years. — WUUam VIglo, 3,d U. S. Art. Regular Army. 3 years. " 19, " — Patrick Purcell, Invalid Corps. 3 years. Discharged for disability, " 31, " — Daniel Jacobson, 2nd Infantry. 3 years. — Barney Fryer, 2nd Infantry. 3 years. — Charles WUson, 2nd Infantry. 3 years. — Thomas Mills, 2nd Infantry. 3 years. May — , 1864. — Thomas Swailn, 2nd Infantry. — James Converse, 2nd Infantry. MILITARY AFFAIRS. 401 May — ,1864. — JohnNevIn. Died before mustering in. — Richard Rankin, 28th Reg. — James J. Bull, 28th Beg. — WiUiam Buckett, 28th Reg. — August Lent, 28th Reg. Wounded. — John Maloney, 28th Beg. — Cyrus S. Capell, Regular Army. — G. A. Wheeler, Regular Army. — Charles L. Potter, 3rd Unattached Heavy Aitillery. — E. S. Locke, 2nd Heavy Artillery. 1 year. — Jonas Bartlett, 2nd Heavy Artillery. 1 year. — Luke McGrath, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — Cornelius Manly, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — C. A. Grover, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — Michael Keefe, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — T. McCarty, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — E. A. Cooper, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — T. W. ChUds, 2nd Heavy Artillery. — Moses Wyman, 2nd Heavy Artillery. Mar. — ,1864. — WUUam Smith. 3 years. Colored. — Mose Evans. 8 years. Colored. — E. H. Somes. 3 years. Colored. — Jacob Carson. 3 years. Colored. May — ,1864. — Adam Naylor, 6th Cavalry, Co. C. 3 years. Colored. Feb. — ,1865. — James Cannedy. 3 years. Colored. NAVT.. Charles 0. Muzzey, in the Navy. Entered the Navy, November, 1861, as Aide and Secretary to Captain Pickering, U, S. Steamer Kearsarge, transferred to Steamer Hous- atonic. May, 1863, killed by the explosion of a torpedo, in Charles ton Harbor, Feb. 18, 1864. G. G. Wheeler, in the Navy. Peter Bannon, in the Navy. Joseph Gammon, Steamer Mississippi. Joseph Gerard, in the Navy. Discharged. Jeremiah Crowley, in the Navy. John Whitman, in the Navy. Charles Fiske, Jun., U. S. Ship San Jacinto. WUUam B. Fiske, in the Navy. Discharged. Bowen Buckley, in the Navy. In the above and the previous mihtary hsts, we have generally adopted the spelling found on the rolls, though in many cases it is probably incorrect. CHAPTER XVII. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. List of Selectmen — School Committees — Assessors — Town Clerks — Treas urers — Committees of Correspondence — Representatives — Senators — Justices of the Peace — CoUege Graduates. It may be gratifying to Us to know who have enjoyed the confidence of the people from time to time, and who have filled the principal places of honor and trust in the town. It is proposed to give a list of the Selectmen, School Committees, Assessors, Clerks, and Treasurers. Also to give the nataes of the Representatives, Senators, and Justices of the Peace, as far as the same can be ascertained. Such hsts not only show who were the prominent men at difierent periods, but they show the views and habits of the people in relation to rotation in ofi&ce. And if it should appear that our fathers fell into one extreme, it may appear that we have fallen into the other. We will give the hst from the incorporation of the town to the present day. List of Selectmen, from the Incorporation of the Town to the present day, together with the years they served; arranged in the order in which th^ first entered upon their office-. Matthew Bridge, 1712, 13. WiUiam Reed, 1712, 14. Francis Bowman, 1712, 13, 15, 16, 21^ 24, 26-28. Joseph Simonds, 1712. John Merriam, 1712, 13, 19-21, 23. Joseph Estabrook, 1713, 15-17. Thomas Blodgett, 1713, 18-20, 22-24. Joseph Bowman, 1714-16, 21, 24, 26, 127, 29, 31, 33-S8. Samuel Stone, 1714, 15, 23. WUliam Munroe, 1714-16, 25. Joseph Tidd, 1714. Joseph Fassett, 1716, 17, 19, 21, 25-27, 30, 39. John Lawrence, 1716, 17, 22, 25, 26, Benjamin WeUington, 1717-23, 25-30, 32, 33, 36, 37, Thomas Merriam, 1717, 22, 23. John Munroe, 1718-20. John Paulter, 1718. Thomas Cutler, Jr., 1718, 28, 30, 32. Samuel Locke, 1720, 29. Joseph Brown, 1722, 24, 25, 27. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 403 WUUam Munroe," 1724, 30, 34, 35. Samuel Winship, 1728-30, 32, 33. George Munroe, 1728. John Mason, 1729, 34-36. Jonathan Simonds, 1732. Matthew Bridge, Jr., 1732, S3, 40, 44, 45. John Cutler, 1733. WUUam Reed, 1734-38, 43, 53, 54, 67, 68, 61. John Stone, Jr., 1734-37, 39, 40, 46, 48, 52. Joseph Estabrook, 1737, 38. John Laughton, 1738. Benjamin Reed, 1738, 41, 42, 44-46, 48, 59, 60. Benjamin Smith, 1739-42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 53-55, 68. Isaac Bowman, 1739, 43, 47, 63-56, 68- 60. Ebenezer Fiske, 1739, 40, 43, 46, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 57. Daniel Simonds, 1740, 55. John Muzzy, 1741, 42, 44. Daniel Tidd, 1741, 42, 46, 48-62, 67. Samuel Stone, 1741, 42. Josiah Parker, 1743-46, 63-65. Joseph Stone, 1743. Joshua Simonds, 1746. John Bridge, 1746, 66. Isaac Stone, 1747, 48, 51. John Hoar, 1747, 48. David Cutler, 1749-61. Thomas Robbins, 1749. Nathaniel Trask, 1760. Amos Muzzy, 1760. Robert Harrington, 1752, 62, 63, 66, 66, 69-72, 74, 77, 78, 83, 84. Daniel Brown, 1762, 61. Jonathan Lawrence, 1752. John Mason, 1766. Jonas Stone, 1766, 68, 61-67, 69-71, 73. Hezekiah Smith, 1766. James Brown, 1766. Thaddeus Bowman,, 1756-61, 65, 66, 69-71, 73. Joseph Bridge, 1757. Samuel Bridge, 1758-60. John Buckman, 1769, 60. Joseph Tidd, 1761, 66, 67. Ebenezer Smith, 1762-64, 69. Marrett Munroe, 1762-64, 67. Benjamin Brown, 1762-66, 69, 70. Samuel Stone, Jr., 1765. Daniel Brown, 1767. Samuel Hastings, 1767, 73, 78,80. Hammond Reed, 1770, 72, 74, 80, 89. Josiah Smith, 1771, 72, 74, 76, 77. Jonathan Smith, 1771. Thomas Robbins, Jr., 1772, 74, 78 . John Chandler, 1772, 74, 76, 79, 80, 82-84, 86, 89. Jonathan Harrington, 1773, 76. John Muzzy, 1773. Thomas Parker, 1776, 77. Nathan Simonds, 1776. Philip Russell, 1776, 77. William Tidd, 1776, 78, 79, 83, 87, 88. Joshua Reed, 1777, 78, 80. Thomas Winship, 1779, 81. Daniel Harrington, 1779, 85, 86. WUliam Munroe, 1779, 82-84, 89, 90, 99, 1804, 6. Benjamin Brown, 1780. William Reed, 1780. Benjamin Estabrook, 1781, 82. Phinehas vStearns, 1781, 82. Francis Brown, 1781-83. Joseph Simonds, 1784, 87, 88, 90, 94. Amos Marrett, 1785, 86, 89-91. Nathan Reed, 1785-88. Joseph Smith, 1785, 89-91, 93. Benjamin WeUington, 1786, 92. Amos Muzzy, 1786-88. John Parkhurst, 1791. Joel VUes, 1791. Joseph Fiske, Jr., 1791. Thomas Fessenden, 1792. Isaac Hastings, 1792-98, 1802-4, 9-11. John MvdUken, 1792, 93, 96-1800, 2, 3, 6-16. Jonas Bridge, 1792, 94-98. Joseph Smith, 1793. Joseph Fiske, 1793. * It frequently happens, in this list, that the same name appears at different times; but the individuals are not the «ame. The family names being the same, create some.canfusion. 404 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. James Brown, 1794, 1800, 2, 3. David Fiske, 1795. John Chandler, 1796-98. Nathan Chandler, 1796-1800, 4, 9-17. Stephen Winship, 1799-1801. Thomas Tufts, 1799, 1800. Nathan Dudley, 1799-1801. Joshua RusseU, 1801-3. Joshua Reed, 1801. Josiah Smith, 1801, 4-6. Abijah Harrington, 1802, 3, 9, 10. Nathan Russell, 1804-6. Thomas Locke, 1804. Jacob Robinson, 1805, 6. Joshua Swan, 1805, 6. Amos Muzzy, Jr., 1807, 8, 17-19. John Muzzy, 1807, 8. Nathan Munroe, 1807, 8. Abraham Smith, 1808. Joseph Underwood, 1809. Charles Reed, 1810-21, 30. Nathan Fessenden, 1811-13. James Brown, Jr., 1812, 13. Benjamin 0. WelUngton, 1814-16, 29, 31. John Muzzy, Jr., 1814-16. Nathaniel Cutler, 1817-23. Isaac Reed, 1817. Phinehas Lawrence, 1820-23. Benjamin Reed, 1822-27. Nathaniel MuUiken, 1824-29, 47. WUliam Chandler, 1821-27. Francis Bowman, 1828. Francis Wyman, 1828, 29. John MuUiken, Jr., 1830, 31. Joel VUes, 1831-36, 62-56. PhUip RusseU, 1832-40, 49, 50, 56, 57. Solomon Harrington, 1832-3^. Charles Robinson, 1836, 37, 56, 67. Isaac MuUiken, 1837-40. Sidney Lawrence, 1838, 36. Benjamin Muzzey, 1840-43, 48. Charles James, 1841, 42. Nehemiah AVeUington, 1841. Billings Smith, 1842. Jonathan S. Parker, 1843, 44, 49. Albert W. Bryant, 1843-47. Pelatiah P. Pierce, 1844-46. Stephen Locke, 1845, 46. Galen AUen, 1847, 48, 51. Joseph F. Simonds, 1848, 49. Simon W. Robinson, 1850, 61. Joseph Howe, 1850, 51. Alonzo Goddard, 1862-56. Isaac N. Damon, 1852-56. Charles Hudson, 1857-61. Loring S. Pierce, 1867-69. David A. Tuttle, 1858, 69. Webster Smith, 1860-65. WilUam H. Smith, 2d, 1860-65. Hammon Reed, 1862-66. John W. Hudson, 1866, 67. Sylvanus W. Smith, 1866, 67. List of the Members of the School Committee, from 1830 to the present day. Charles Briggs, 1830-35. WUliam Muzzey, 1830, 34. Joseph Merriam, 1830, 31. John Muzzey, 1830, 31, 36, 37. Ambrose Morrell, 1830. Samuel Fiske, 1831, 35. Benjamin Muzzey, 1831-34, 36, 38-40. Charles Tidd, 1832-34, 36-46, 49, 67-59. Benjamin O. WeUington, 1832-6. Nathaniel MuUiken, 1832, 33. PhiUp RusseU, 1836. Isaac MnUUten, 1836, 37. James Brown, 1836, 37. WiUiam G. Swett, 1837. Samuel Stetson, 1837, 41. O. H. Dodge, 1838-40. Oliver Locke, 1841. James M. Usher, 1842. W. K. Knapp, 1842. Charles M. Bowers, 1843, 44. John Nelson, 1843. Samuel J. May, 1844. Samuel B. Cruft, 1844. Charles H. Webster, 1846. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 405 James Parker, 1846. Jason Whitman, 1846, 47. T. H. Dorr, 1846-49. Webster B. Randolph, 1847, 48. Ira Leland, 1848-67. Volney WUdei, 1849. Fiske Barrett, 1860, 61. J. A. Cooledge, 1850, 61. Curtis Cutler, 1852. WUUam F. Bridge, 1862. Charles Hudson, 1863, 66.' Howland Holmes, 1863, 55, 158- E. P. Crafts, 1854, 56. C. F. Dunbar, 1856, Jonas Gammell, 1857, 69-67. L. J. Livermore, 1858-66. Caleb Stetson, 1860, 61. Luke C. ChUds, 1866-67. John W. Hudson, 1867. List of Assessors, from the Incorporation of the Town to the present time, with the years they respectively served ; arranged in the order in which they first appear upon the Record. Francis Bowman, 1712, 13, 16, 27. WiUiam Munroe, 1712. Samuel Stearns, 1712, 16. Joseph Estabrook, 1713. Matthew Bridge, 1713. John Munroe, 1714. Samuel Locke, 1714. Joseph Brown, 1714, 16. John Merriam, 1715. Joseph Fassett, 1716-19, 24, 27, 30, 31. Benjamin WeUington, 1716-27, 29, 31- 33, 36. Thomas Blodgett, 1717. Nathaniel Whittemore, 1718. John Mason, 1719-21, 23, 26, 30, 31. John Munroe, 1720. Joseph Brown, 1721, 22, 26. John Laughton, 1722-24, 28, 29, 34, 36, 38, 41. Nathaniel Trask, 1725, 39, 40. Josiah Parker, 1726, 28, 34, 36-38, 40, 42-45, 47-60, 62-56. WUUam Munroe, 1728, 29, 32. Isaac Bowman, 1730, 32, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 46-49, 55. Joseph Bowman, 1733. John Cutler, 1733. Samuel Winship, 1733. Matthew Bridge, Jr., 1733, 36, 39, Benjamin Reed, 1734, 37. Ebenezer Fiske, 1736. Daniel Tidd, 1738, 44, 47, 48, 61, 52, 64-57, 68. Nehemiah Abbot, 1741. Joseph Bridge, 1741. Benjamin Smith, 1742. Amos Muzzy, 1743, 49. James Merriam, 1743. Daniel Brown, 1744, 63. Isaac Stone, 1745. Thaddeus Bowman, 1745, 60, 63, 56- 63, 66, 66, 69. John Stone, 1746. WiUiam Reed, 1746. John Muzzy, 1746. Thomas Robbins, 1746. John Hoar, 1760. John Buckman, 1751, 62, 54, 65, 60, 64, 67. Benjamin Brown, 1756-62, 64-69, 74, 77, 78, 83. Jonathan Lawrence, 1758, 62, 63. Jonas Stone, 1769, 61, 63, 67-72. John Parker, 1764-66, 74. Josiah Smith, 1770-73, 76, 79, 80. Thaddeus Parker, 1770, 71, 73,77. Joseph Mason, 1772, 73, 79-89, 95. Edmund Munroe, 1774, 76, 77. WUliam Tidd, 1776, 79-91. John Bridge, 1778, 90, 91. Daniel Harrington, 1778. John Chandler, 1780-82, 88, 89. James Wyman, 1781. Thomas Winship, 1782-87. Joseph Simonds, 1784, 87, 88. Benjamin Brown, 1785, 86, 89-91, 406 HISTORY OF LEXmGTON. Francis Bowman, 1792, 93. Isaac Hastings, 1792, 95, 96, 1801-3, 11. Isaac Winship, 1793-1813. Rufus Merriam, 1793, 94. Levi Mead, 1794. Joseph Smith, 1796-98, 1804. WniiamTidd, 1796-99. Jonathan Harrington, 1799, 1800, 17- 19. Joseph Simonds, Jr., 1800, 10, 11, 17. Nathan Chandler, 1801-3, 5-9, 16, 16, 21. Josiah Smith, 1801, 11. Abijah Harrington, 1806-9, 12-16,21. Rufus Merriam, 1810, 11. Nathaniel MuUiken, 1812-14, 19-24. John Muzzy, Jr., 1816, 16. Benjamin O. WeUington, 1817, 18. William Chandler, 1818, 19, 27-29. Oliver Locke, 1820-24. Daniel Chandler, 1820-23, Nathan Chandler, Jr., 1824-26. Oliver Smith, 1825. Jacob Robinson, Jr., 1826, 26, 30, 31. Josiah Smith, Jr., 1825-27. Samuel Fiske, 1827-29. Philip Russell, 1828-31, 42. Isaac MuUUten, 1830-40, 43, 44. WiUiam Clapp, 1832, 33, 35. Charles Reed, 1832-36. James Brown, 1834, 36, 37. John Muzzey, 1836. Charles Tidd, 1837-42. Jacob Robinson, Jr., 1838-40. Thomas C. Downing, 1840. Nehemiah Wellington, 1840. Oliver Locke, 1841, 42. WiUiam Clapp, 1841. John Reals, 1843, 44, 64. Charles Robinson, 1843, 44. WUUam Chandler, 1845-62, 60, 62. Jonas C. WelUngton, 1846, 60. Silas Cutler, 1846, 46, 60-52. Isaac Parker, 1846-48, 60. Nathan Fessenden, Jr., 1847-49, 68, 61-67. Stephen Locke, 1849. Jonathan S. Parker, 1860-67, 69. J. C. Wellington, 1852-64. Charles Brown, 1863. WUUam H. H. Reed, 1865. BUlings Smith, 1856. Charles Nunn, 1856-59. Charles Hudson, 1856. Joseph F. Simonds, 1857, 61, 63-67. Warren Duren, 1868. A. W. Crowningshield, 1869-63. WiUiam Locke, 1860. EU Simonds, 1860. A. W. Bryant, 1860. Loring S. Pierce, 1864-67. List of Town Clerks, from the Incorporation of the Town to the present day, in the order in which they appear upon the Record. Matthew Bridge, 1712, 13. Joseph Bowman, 1714, 16. Joseph Estabrook, 1716, 17, 24. Benjamin WeUington, 1718-23, 26-28, 30, 32, 33, 37, 38. John Mason, 1729, 31, 34-36. Isaac Bowman, 1739, 47, 63, 64. Matthew Bridge, Jr., 1740. Daniel Tidd, 1741, 42, 46, 48-52. Josiah Parker, 1743-46, 65. Thaddeus Bowman, 1766-61, 66. Benjamin Brown, 1762-64, 66-69. Joseph Mason, 1770-90, 96. Joseph Fiske, Jr., 1791-93. Rufus Merriam, 1794. Nathan Chandler, 1796-1803. Obadiah Parker, 1804. John MuUiken, 1806-16. Charles Reed, 1817-23. Nathaniel MuUiken, 1824-32. Charles Tidd, 1833-38. John MuUiken, Jr., 1839-43. James Keyes, 1844, Albert W. Bryant, 1845-67. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 407 List of Town Treasurers from the Incorporation of the Town to the present day, with the years they served; arranged in chronological order. Matthew Bridge, 1712-16. John Munroe, 1717-20. Joseph Estabrook, 1721-24. Joseph Loring, 1725, 26. Benjamin WeUington, 1727-29. Matthew Bridge, Jr., 1730-32, 40. WiUiam Munroe, 1733-35. Benjamin WeUington, Jr., 1736. Isaac Bowman, 1737-39. Nehemiah Abbot, 1740, 41. John Stone, 1742, 43. John Bridge, 1744-46. Thomas Merriam, 1747. Jonas Merriam, 1748-54. Jonas Stone, 1765-78. John Chandler, 1779-89. Benjamin Brown, 1790. Francis Brown, 1791, 92. John MuUiken, 1793-1800. Amos Muzzy, Jr., 1801-3, 6, 6. Nathan Chandler, 1804, 7-l6, 19, 20. Rufus Merriam, 1817, 18. John Muzzy, Jr., 1820-23. Charles Reed, 1824-31. Nathaniel MuUiken, 1832-35, 37; 3S, 49-54, 56, 68, 59. WiUiam Chandler, 1856. Jonathan S. Parker, 1839-44. John VUes, Jr., 1846-49. J. C. Wellington, 1865. James S. Miinioe, 1857. Charles Nunn, 1860-64. Leonard A. SaViUe, 1865. Webster Smith, 1866. Isaac N. Damon, .1867. Committees 6f Correspondence. As these Committees constituted a kind of government, or at least a channel of communication through the Colony ; and as they were generally composed of the most intelligent and reliable men in the town, it is well to give their names. ' 1773. Captain Thaddeus Bowman. Deacon Jonas Ston^. Ensign Robert Harrington. Deacon Benjamin Brown. Deacon Joseph Loring. 1776. Deacon James Stone. Captain John Bridge. Lieutenant Edmund Munroe. Lieutenant Joseph Simonds. Lieutenant Francis Brown. 1778. Deacon Benjamin Brown. John Chandler. 62 Hammond Ileed. Jonathan Harrington. Joseph' Smith. 1780. Benjamin Danforth. Joseph Fhelps. Bezaleel Lawrence. Benjamin Tidd. Thaddeus Harrington'. CaUed also a Committee of Safety. 1781. Samuel Hastings. Lieutenant Benjamin Wellington. Samuel Tidd. 408 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. List of Representatives to the General Court from the Incorporation of the Town to the present day, with the years they served ; arranged in chronological order. Joseph Bowman, 1713, 18, 34-37. WiUiam Reed, 1714, 16, 17. Francis Bowman, 1715, 20, 22, 26, 27, 32, 33. Thomas Blodgett, 1719, 21. Joseph Estabrook, 1723, 25. Benjamin WeUington, 1728-31. Joseph Fassett, 1738-40. WiUiam Reed, 1741-47, 50, 60-62, 64- 67, 69, 70. Isaac Bowman, 1748, 49. Benjamin Reed, 1751-58, 63, 68. Jonas Stone, 1771-77. Robert Harrington, 1778-81. Benjamin Brown, 1783-86. Joseph Simonds, 1787-94, 96-1803. Isaac Hastings, 1804, 5. WiUiam Munroe, 1806, 7. Nathan Chandler, 1808-12, 21, 22, 24. James Brown, 1813-17. Abijah Harrington, 1826. John Muzzy, 1825, 27. Samuel Fiske, 1828-30. Charles Reed, 1831, 32. Ambrose MorreU, 1832, 33. John MuUiken, Jr., 1834, 35. Philip Russell, 1834-36, 39, 48-52. Nehemiah Wellington, 1836-38. Isaac MuUiken, 1837, 40, 41. Phinehas Lawrence, 1839. Charles James, 1842. Benjamin Muzzey, 1843. Sullivan Burbank, 1846, 47. William Chandler, 1833. Charles Brown, 1854. Curtis Cutler, 1855. Simon W. Robinson, 1856. Charles Hudson, 1857. Charles K. Tucker, 1858. Abraham W. Crowningshield, 1859. WiUiam H. Smith, 1862. William A. Tower, 1863. John C. BlasdeU, 1868. It will be seen that the above numbers do not include every year. In the vacant years the town was not represented. The five last named Representatives were chosen by the District, consisting of Lexington, Bedford, and Burlington, and the last year, of Carlisle also. These towns furnish the Representatives somewhat in rotation, and only the Lexington men are inserted here. Senators and Councillors. Nathan Chandler, 1825-28. Samuel Chandler, 1839. "VVTien Nathan Chandler was chosen, the Senators and Coun cillors were chosen as one body, and the Legislature selected nine from that body as Councillors. Mr. Chandler was several times selected for that purpose. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 409 Delegates. Jonas Stone was Delegate to the First Provincial Congress, 1774, and the Second and Third, 1775. Rev. Jonas Claekb was Delegate to the Convention which formed the Constitution in 1779 ; Benjamin Brown, a Delegate to the Convention which ratified the Constitution of the United States, 1788. Nathan Chandler was a Delegate to the Convention to Revise the Constitution in 1820 ; and Joel Viles in the Convention to Revise the Constitution in 1863. Justices of the Peace, with the dates of their first appointment, as far as ascertained. Joseplf Bowman. 1832. Samuel Stetson. 1720. Francis Bowman. 1839. Samuel Chandler, WUUam Reed. 1843. Jacob Robinson. 1754. Benjamin Reed. 1846. Benjamin Muzzy. 1775. Benjamin Brown. 1846. Amos Adams. 1775. WiUiam Reed. 1848. Royal B. WUlis. 1775. Isaac Bowman. 1849. Benjamin Fiske.f 1781. Benjamin Estabrook. 1850. Simon W. Robinson.f 1782. Robert Harrington. 1850. WUUam Plumer. 1795. John Bridge. 1851. Christopher Soils. 1801. Nathan Chandler. 1852. Jonathan Harrington. 1801. Isaac Hastings. 1852. Cyrus Reed. 1802. John MulUken. 1852. Charles Hudson.f 1813. Joseph Fiske. 18^54. Marshall Preston. f 1813. Jonas Bridge. 1854. Sylvanus W. Smith. 1815. James Brown. 1855. R. M. Copeland. 1815. Thomas Whitcomb. 1855. Albert W. Bryant. 1822. Amos Muzzy, Jr. 1859. Isaac N. Damon. 1826. John Muzzy. 1859. Hammon Reed. 1826. Elias Phinney. 1865. Howland Holmes. 1830. WUliam Chandler. 1866. Bowen|Harrington. 1830. Samuel Fiske. 1866. Leonard A. Saville. 1830. Nathaniel MuUiken. 1866. George 0. Davis. 1832. Ambrose MoreU. List of Graduates of Colleges from the Town of Lexington. John Hancock was graduated at Harvard CoUege in 1719 ; was Libra rian of that institution from 1723 to 1726; ordained over the North Church in Braintree, November 2, 1728, and died May 7, 1744, aged 41. He was the oldest son of Bev. John Hancock, of Lexington, and the father of the celebrated John Hancock, of the Revolution, who was President of the t Those marked with an obelisk (f) received their first commissions for other places at an earlier date, and were renewed for Lexington at the dates mentioned above, Charles Hudson's commission was for all the counties of the Commonwealth. 410 .HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Continental Congress, and the first Governor of Massachusetts under the Constitution. Jonathan Bowman graduated at Harvard College in 1724 ; studied theology, and was ordained at Dorchester, November 5, 1729 ; died May EC, 1776. He was son of Joseph Bowman, Esq., who died in 1762. Ebenezer Hancock graduated at Harvard College in 1728. He was the third son of Rev. John Hancock, of Lexington. He was ordained colleague with his father, in Lexington, January 2, 1734, and died January 28, 1740, aged 29 years. Edmund Bowman graduated at Harvard College in 1728. He was a merchant at Portsmouth, N. H. He was brother of Jonathan mentioned above. He died 1745. Thaddeus Mason graduated at Harvard College in 1728. He was Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas of Middlesex, and died May 1, 1802, aged 95 years. Philemon Bobbins graduated at Harvard College in 1729 ; was or dained at Branford, Conn. He had two sons who were liberally educated clergymen. Chandler, (Yale, 1766,) and Amml Ruhamah, (Yale, 1760,) the former had three sons who weregraduates at Harvard College. He died 1781. Josiah Brown graduated at Harvard College In 1735 ; was a preacher at Lancaster, Mass., and died March 4, 1774. He was son of Joseph Brown, the first of the Lexmgton Browns. Matthew Bkid,ge graduated at Harvard College in 1741 ; was ordained at Framingham,, February 19, 1746, and died September 3, 1775, aged 55 years. He was Chaplain to the Army at Cambridge at the breaking out of the Revolution, and contracted the disease of the camp, of which he died in a short time after leaving the army. He was a son of Matthew. Nathaniel Tbask graduated at Harvard College in 1742 ; was ordained at Epping, N. H., and died in 1789, aged 67 years. Nathaniel Robbins graduated at Harvard College in 1747 ; was ordained at Milton, February 13, 1751, and died May 19, 1795, aged 69 years. Jonas Merriam graduated at Harvard College In 1753 ; was ordained at Newton, Mass., March 22, 1758, and died August 13, 1780, aged 60 years. Josiah Bridge graduated at Harvard College In 1758 ; was ordained at East Sudbury, (now Wayland,) November 4, 1761, and died June 19, 1801, aged 62 years. Samuel Fiske graduated at Harvard College In 1769 ; was an Episcopal clergyman In South Carolina, where he died in 1777. Micah Lawrence graduated at Harvard College in 1769 ; was ordained at Winchester, N. H., November 14, 1764, and died January,, 1794, aged 55 years. Ephraim Woolson graduated at Harvard College in 1700; was a physician at Hanover, N. H., and died January, 1802, aged 61 years. Joseph Brown graduated at Harvard College in 1763 ; was ordained" at Winchendon, May 24, 1769, and died- in 1810. MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS. 411 Amos Windship graduated at Harvard College as A. B. In 1771 ; A; M. in 1790; M.B. in 1790; M. D. in 1811, and was a corresponding member of the London Medical Society. He died in 1811. Benjamin Muzzy graduated at Harvard College in 1774. He sailed from Boston, September, 1777, in the privateer Hero Revenge, during the Revolution, as a Chaplain, and was lost at sea the same year. Isaac Reed graduated at Harvard College in 1780 ; was a trader in Littleton, and died December 5, 1789, aged 85 years. Ebenezer Bowman graduated at Harvard College in 1782 ; was an Attorney at Law of considerable distinction at Wilkesbarre, Penn., and died in 1829. Joseph Estabrook graduated at Harvard College in 1782 ; was ordained at Athol, November 21, 1787, and died April 30, 1830, aged 81 years. Nathan Underwood graduated at Harvard College in 1788 ; was or dained at Harwich, November 21, 1792, and died in 1841. Samuel Chandler graduated at Harvard College in 1790 ; was ordained at Eliot, N. H., October 27, 1792, and died in 1829. Joseph Dennib graduated at Harvard College In 1790. . In 1796, he commenced a series of Articles in the Farmer's Museum, published in Walpole, N. H., entitled " Lay Sermons,'' which continued from time to time for several years. They were extensively copied, and were read with eagerness In all parts of the country. He also instituted and edited the "Portfolio," a literary publication of high merit, at Philadelphia. He died January 7, 1812. He was a scholar of fine Uterary taste, and has been denominated the American Addison. Daniel Marrett graduated at Harvard College in 1790 ; was ordained at Standish, Me., September 21, 1796, and died In 1836. William Muzzy graduated at Harvard College in 1793 f was ordained at Sullivan, N. H., February 7, 1798, and died at Lexington In 1835. Abiel Chandler graduated at Harvard College in 1798, and died February 11, 1799. David Phinehas Adams graduated at Harvard College In 1801, and died In 1823. Elias Phinney graduated at Harvard College In 1801. He was an Attorney at Law In Charlestown, and afterwards Clerk of the Courts of Middlesex County, lie was greatly distinguished as an agriculturalist, and died in 1849. He was a son of Benjamin Phinney. Timothy Wellington graduated at Harvard College in 1806. He was a Physician of good professional reputation at West Cambridge. He died in 1863. John Fessenden graduated at Harvard College in 1818 ; resided at Deerfield, and was a tutor In College from 1825 to 1827. Oliver Danforth graduated at Williams CoUege in 1811 ; was for a time a teacher. Samuel Mulliken graduated at Harvard College in 1819. He was a Physician at Dorchester, and died In 1843. James Bridge was drowned at Cambridge while in the Senior Class. 412 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Artemas B. Muzzey graduated at Harvard College in 1824. He was settled as a clergyman in Framingham and Cambridge, Mass., Concord, N. H., and Newburj'port, Mass. Marshall Tufts graduated at Harvard College In 1827 ; became in sane, and died May, 1855. He was son of Thomas Tufts. Curtis Cutler graduated at Harvard College in 1829 ; was ordained at Gardner, and afterwards Installed at Peterboro', N. H. Being affected with a bronchial difficulty, he left the ministry and engaged In commercial business in Boston. Hiram Wellington graduated at Harvard CoUege in 1834; is a Lawyer in Boston. James Blodgett graduated at Harvard College in 1841 ; resided at Deerfield, and died at Lexington In 1845. Ambrose Wellington graduated at Harvard College in 1841. James Vila graduated at Harvard College In 1843, and died at Boston in 1850. Francis J. Gould graduated at Harvard College In 1850 ; Is in Florida, engaged in the practice of medicine. He is a son of James Gould. Edward Wellington, was drowned In Cambridge, while in the Scien tific School, September 6, 1852. He was a son of Major Benjamin O. Wellington. Charles H. Hudson graduated S. B. from the Lawrence Scientific Department of Harvard College in 1854; is a Civil Engineer in Illinois. John W. Hudson graduated at Harvard College in 1856. He entered the service of the United States In the late Eebellion, as Second Lieuten ant, and was promoted successively to First Lieutenant, Captain, Major, and Lieutenant Colonel. He is a Lawyer in Boston. The two preceding are sons of Charles Hudson. George D. Robinson graduated at Harvard College in 1856. He is son of Charles Robinsoif ; has been engaged as a teacher ; is now a Lawyer in Chicopee. Edward G. Stetson. He graduated at Harvard CoUege in 1863. CHAPTEE XVIII. MISCELLANEOUS. Situation and Extent — Soil and Productions — Topography — Health of the Place and Longevity of its Inhabitants — Name of the Town — Old and New Style — Public Buildings — Private Dwellings — Population — Valuations — Slaves and Slavery — Roads and Railroads — The Great Bridge — Manu factures — Peat — Paint Mine — Names of the Town Streets. Lexington is a Post town in the County of Middlesex, situated in latitude 42° 26' 50'' North, and in longitude 71° 13' 55" West. It is about eleven miles west-northwest from Boston, about six miles easterly from Concord, and about fifteen miles southeast by sOuth from Lowell. It has Winchester, W^oburn, and Burlington, on the northeast; Bedford, and Bur lington, on the north; Lincoln, on the west; Waltham, on the southwest, and Arlington, on the southeast. The township, like most of those in the neighborhood, is somewhat irregular in its shape, and contains about 19 square miles, or 12,160 acres. It is generally more elevated than any adjoining town, unless it be Lincoln, and hence the water from Lexington runs in almost every direction. As it is the water-shed, the streams are small, and they find their way to the ocean through the Shaw shine, Mystic, and Charles Rivers. The water power in the town is inconsiderable, and what there is, is remote from the centre. There is at present but one mill in the town, that being in the easterly part, at the outlet of the Great Meadow, so called ; on or near the site of this mill, was erected the first mill in the township, probably as early as 1650. It was then owned by Edward Winship, of Cambridge, and was given by his Will to his son Edward, and remained more than a century in the family. There is another and more valuable privilege on ' Vine 414 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Brook, near the boundary of Burlington, though it is at present unimproved. The township is generally uneven, furnishing a pleasant variety of hill and dale. Though the surface is frequently broken, the soil for the most part is productive. The rock formation, through a great part of the township, is a species of greenstone ; and though it often crops out of the ground, the rock is so irregular, and the sides so precipitous, that the soil is deep, and often capable of cultivation up to the very face of the ledge. The presence of this rock indicates a hard, but at the same time a warm and productive soil, well adapted to grass and fruit trees. There are many good farms in the town, and their value is greatly enhanced by the peat swamps, which are found in almost every neighborhood. These swamps, when properly drained, constitute some of the most valuable land for cultivation, and at the same time serve to fertilize the rest of the farm. The material taken from the ditches is extensively used as a manure, and will of itself pay the labor of draining. Lexington, as a whole, may be considered a first class agricultural town, and has been some what distinguished for its hay, fruits, and other agricultural productions ; but more particularly for its milk dairies, which send to market 350,000 gallons of milk annually. - The village of Lexington is pleasantly situated on land com paratively level ; and though it is elevated more than two hundred feet above tide water, being surrounded by hiUs more or less distant, and having meadows on either hand, it has the appear ance of being rather low. It is eleven miles from Boston, five miles from Waltham, Woburn, and Bedford, and four miles from Burlington, and Lincoln. In the centre of the village is the Common, a triangular plot of ground, situated at the junc tion, and lying between the roads leading to Concord and to Bedford. It contains about two acres, and is nearly level, with the exception of a gentle swell rising some five or six feet in a circular form, on the southerly side, on which is situated the Monument, erected to the memory of the first revolutionary martyrs. The borders of the Common are skirted by rows of elm, ash, and other ornamental trees ; some of which have braved the blasts of a hundred winters, while others are blushinff into youthful beauty. This Green is consecrated by the first MISCELLANEOUS. 415 blood of the Revolution ; and the sacred associations which cluster around the spot, render it a place of considerable resort ; and many a passer-by pauses to contemplate the scene which renders it classic. The village extends nearly a mile on the main road ; and, embracing as it does the settlements on Hancock, Bedford, Muzzey, and Waltham streets, comprises about one hundred and twenty houses and shops, and contains nearly eight hundred inhabitants. THE LEXISGTOS RAILWAY ¦ STATION. The terminus of the Lexington and Arlington Railroad is near the centre of the village, and 'has a commodious station- house situated about six rods from the street, so as not to impede or endanger the travel on the highway. The approach to the station is by a broad, circular driveway, leaving a crescent liawn of about one third of an acre between the depot and the street. Though the depot is not particularly elegant, it is a neat and well proportioned building, and is so situated as to increase rather than impair the beauty of the place. S3 416 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Passing on the road towards Boston, as you leave the centre village, the houses grow more sparse for about three fourths of a mile, when they become more frequent ; and you soon find yourself in the midst of another village more than half as popu lous as the centre. Both villages are adorned with ornamental shade trees, which extend to every part ; and in several places on the main street, huge and venerable elms attract the notice of the traveler. The character of the soil is such, that both villages are, in a remarkable degree, free from those pests of many country villages — mud and dust. Though Lexington has no elevations which would justify the appellation of mountains, yet there are within her limits a great number of hiUs, which command extensive prospects, and present fine landscape views. These elevations are generally more or less abrupt, showing fragments of greenstone in their more precipitous sides, and having their summits crowned with the same kind of rock in a more smoothed and flattened form. In the centre of the town, within five or six rods of the Common from which it is separated by the street, rises 'Beltry Hell,' so called, from the fact that a structure was formerly erected on this hill, in which the church bell was hung. This elevation, which is nearly hidden from the street by the houses and shade trees, is about forty feet above the Common, and standing in a bend of the road, presents a good view of the village, and of the roads approaching it on every side. On this elevation it is proposed to erect the contemplated Monument, commemorative of the opening scene of the American Revolu tion. The summit of this hill presents a level surface of rock, which seems formed by naiture for the base of such a strticture ; and when one or two houses standing on the street are removed, and the whole ground opened to the Common, the beauty of the place would be greatly increased. Through the liberality of the heirs of the late William H. Cary, Esq. , of Brooklyn, N. Y. , this hill has been purchased, and is generously tendered to the Monument Association. If this Monument should be erected according to a design which has been adopted, as it would commemorate one of the greatest events in our history, so it would be one of the most attractive monuments in the country. Mereiam's Hell, situated about eighty rods northeasterly of MISCELLANEOUS. 417 the village, is elevated seventy or eighty feet above Main street, and afibrds a good view of the central part of the town. The village from this eminence presents a fine appearance. The lofty elms and other ornamental trees, which skirt the streets and shade the dwellings, give to the village an aspect peculiarly rural ; and when the trees are in full foliage the prospect is one of great beauty, exhibiting in one view neat, commodious, and even stately dwellings, embowered in shady groves, with fertile fields and wooded hills in the back ground. Hancock Height. About one hundred and twenty rods northeasterly of Merriam's HUl, and forming a part of the same swell of land, rises abruptly one of the most conspicuous eleva tions in the town. The altitude of this hill is greater than any other in the township, except the highest portions of the range between Monument and Lincoln streets ; and, rising from a lower level, and standing out isolated and alone, on the margin of the valley of Vine Brook, with an elevation of about one hundred and seventy-five feet above it, this hill has a grand and imposing appearance, and aiFords a magnificent prospect. Stand ing on its summit, you have almost the whole northern and eastern part of the town in full view. At the bascy and almost under your feet, is spread out the valley of Vine Brook, showing its broad meadows, here in a high state of cultivation, and there covered with a growth of oak and maple, while on the other side is the village in its leafy beauty. Beyond, you have the plains waving with grass or grain, hill-sides adorned with orchards. Or crowned with forests, — the whole dotted over with farm houses and bams to show the presence of industry and thrift. Here, too, you behold the streamlets meandering through the meadows, the roads winding among the. hills, together with the school houses and the churches, showing that the mind and the heart, no less than the face of the earth, are designed for cultivation and improvement. Nor is the prospect confined to the township. The villages of Burlington and Woburn, with the high grounds beyond, bound your prospect on the northeast. On the east you have the hills in Winchester, Mount Gilboa, and other high lands in Arlington in view ; and between these, a part of Somerville, the towering shaft on Bunker Hill, and a portion of the city of Boston may 418 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. be seen, reflecting the rays of the rising or setting sun. To the southeast, the eye takes in the Blue PElls in Milton, the elevated lands in Newton, Prospect Hill in Waltham, and the high grounds in Weston. Towards the west and northwest the pros pect is stUl more extensive. Passing over the village of Bedford, the high lands of Westford, Groton and the intermediate towns, the eye rests upon the lofty Wachusett in Princeton, the first land which meets the eye of the mariner as he approaches the coast. Farther to the north, you behold the Watatick in Ashby, and the hills in New Ipswich ; and still farther, in the State of New Hampshire, the grand Monadnock, with brow half seen, and half concealed in clouds, fixes and bounds the view. This hill is nearly devoid of wood, having only a few stinted pines and cedars upon it. But it has one feature which is some what characteristic of a mountain, — a pond of lasting water upon its side, about twenty feet below its summit, containing from one to two acres. The whole of this hill has been purchased by Francis B. Hayes, Esq., of Boston, who has constructed a road nearly to its summit, cleared out the pond, and greatly improved the ground around it, thereby rendering this eminence more accessible and attractive. This hill had acquired the insig nificant name of Granny Hill, but the inhabitants in town meeting assembled, in November, 1867, gave it the more worthy name of "Hancock Height," in honor of their first permanent minister, and his grandson, Hon. John Hancock, of Revolutionary memory, whose association with, and regard for the town, are well known and recognized. Davis's Hill, situated about half a mUe northwesterly from the Common, is a fine elevation of land, rising about one hundred and forty feet above the meadow which Hes at its southeasterly base. This hiU is less abrupt and broken than Hancock Height, having in many parts a tolerably good soU, which has been cultivated nearly to its summit. This elevation, hke the others in the neighborhood, overlooks the village, and affords much the same prospect toward the north and west as the one last men tioned. This range of high land continues to the southwest, and though it has several depressions, it rises, after passing the road to Concord, to an elevation greater than any land in the town. The highest parts are covered with a good growth of wood. mSCELLANEOUS. 419 Fiske Hill, situated on the road to Concord, about a mile and a third from the viUage, is elevated at least one hundred feet above the valley with which it is surrounded, and furnishes an extensive view to the north, west, and south. The old road over which the British passed in their expedition to Concord in 1775, wound its way up the sides of this hill, and passed the ridge not far below its highest elevation. Near the summit of this hUl, Colonel Smith attempted to raUy his flying troops, and make a stand against his pursuers. But his efforts were fruitless. His troops were soon put to flight, and he was severely wounded. There are several hills of considerable elevation in the southerly. part of the town, near the old Concord turnpike, which command views more or less extensive. One on the farm of Mr. Webster Smith, known as the Phinney Place, furnishes a prospect from northwest to southeast of seventy or eighty miles, from the Blue HUls in MUton to the mountains in New Hampshire. Loring's Htll, about half a mUe southerly 'from the centre of the town, rises somewhat abruptly from the meadows which skirt Vine Brook, to the height of about one hundred and fifty feet. It is covered with wood ; and the underbrush having been removed, it affords a dehghtful ramble for those who seek 'the cooling shade, to meditate upon the beauties of nature. An Observatory has been erected on the hiU, from which a fine view is presented in every direction. There is a range of high lands on the southerly side of the great road leading to Boston, commencing a little southeasterly of the Town HaU, which, though interrupted by several depres sions, extends into Arlington. The swell above the old Munroe Tavern is considerably elevated, and overlooks the viUage and a large portion of the town. It was on the northern dechvity of this hiU, that Lord Percy placed one of his field pieces on the 19th of AprU, 1775 ; and from this spot threw his shot in every direction, where he could discover any of the Americans assembling, — one of which perforated the meeting house on the Common. The elevated portions of this range, southwest erly of the Roman CathoUc church, command a prospect of great extent and rare beauty. Not only the northeasterly portion of the town, but the viUage of Medford with its numerous dweUings and pubhc buUdings, are displayed to view. Nor 420 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. rests the prospect here ; the city of Lynn, and the dark blue ocean beyond, whitened by the sails of the hardy fishermen and the enterprising merchants, give variety and grandeur to the scene. Mount Independence, near the East ViUage, rises abruptly about one hundred and thirty feet above the main street. It is nearly opposite the church, and commands a fidl view of the viUage, and the high lands on the opposite side of the broad meadows which spread out on each side of MUl Brook. But whUe Main street, on which are situated the principal houses in the viUage, Hes at the foot of this eminence, and the eye of the beholder on the summit can observe every movement in the viUage, a more distant prospect attracts the attention ; and in the openings among the hiUs in Arlington, the growing vUlage of Medford rises in fiiU view. The prospect from this hiU is truly deUghtful, and the people in that part of the town have shown their gooH sense in giving it a name worthy of its character, and the town where it is situated. On the 4th of JiJy, 1824, a piece of ordnance was presented by a citizen of the viUage, for the use of the inhabitants ; and the name of "Mount Indepen- detice " was given to this hiU, under the folds of the Stars and Stripes, and amid the roar of cannon and the huzzas of the citizens. It was near the foot of this hUl, that the British on the morning of the 19th of AprU, 1775, committed one of their first acts of aggression, by disarming one of the Lexington MUitia, (Mr. Benjamin WeUington,) who was on his way to join his feUow townsmen in arms at the Common. Farther to the south, this elevated range rises stUl higher, with a more extended prospect, particularly to the south and east, enabling the eye to take in the vUlages of Newton, and the great extent of beautiful country iutervening. At the lower end of the East ViUage, this range is considerably depressed, biit soon rises again as it approaches the line of Arlington, giving a good view toward the north. There is one pecuUarity common to almost every elevation in town. We have seen that the rock formation was greenstone, which generaUy cropped out upon the sides of these hUls. The feature to which we now refer is, that on or near their summits are masses of greenstone quite unlike, in form and appearance, MISCELLANEOUS. 421 what is found on their sides. While the latter are rough and angular, the rock upon the summit is more compact and smooth, having the upper surface flattened, as though it had been ground off by some immense power. This appearance of the rock is ascribed by geologists to the glaciers which, during what is denominated the " drift period," passed over this portion of the country, and by their enormous weight ground down the tops of these rocky elevations, carrying away the loose and broken frag ments, and leaving the soUd summits flattened and comparatively smooth. Such is the topography of Lexington, and it may with truth be said, that few towns within thirty miles of Boston contain so much to attract the attention, please the eye, and gratify the taste, so far as natural scenery is concerned. Though it is within half an hour's ride of the city, it is as rural, as quiet, and apparently as retired, as though it were fifty mUes in the interior. Though the vUlage is weU settled, having more than a hundred dweUing houses within half a mUe of the Common, five minutes' ride ia almost any direction brings -you into scenery entirely rural, and leads you to fancy yourself far in the country. Having no manufactures in the town, there is but little of that floatidg population found in many of our towns. The inhabitants being mostly farmers, or gentlemen doing business in Boston, we have less of tumult and commotion than most places in the vicinity — the only bustle being a few minutes in each day on the departure and arrival of the cars. Being an elevated township, the water is pure and the air salubrious ; and hence Lexington in all periods of her history has been regarded as one of the most healthy places in the vicinity. This fact is so weU known and acknowledged, that invahds from the city frequently resort here for the improvement of their health. The topography of the country, the rural scenery, the orderly quiet of the place, and the purity of the atmosphere, render Lexington a desirable place of residence. The sanitary character of the town may be seen in the longevity of its inhabitants. In 1776, among the recorded deaths were one person aged 88 years, one aged 84, three aged 83, and two aged 79. Between 1779 and 1790 inclusive, there were one aged 96, one aged 95, one aged 93, two aged 92, three aged 90, 422 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. one aged 88, and four aged 85. Nor was this longevity confined to the last century. In 1819, there were among the recorded deaths, one person aged 99, one aged 94^, and two aged 94; and in 1822, two aged 92. In the Church Records of 1835 is the following entry : " Deaths during the preceding fifteen years, three hundred and twenty-one. Over 80 years of age, forty ; over 90, ten; 95, one; 99, one. In 1854, there died in Lexington persons of the following ages : one of 80, one of 87, one of 90, one of 92, and one of 95 ; in 1855, one of 86, one of 88 ; in 1856, one of 93, oneof 81, one of 80 ; in 1858, one of 82, one of 83, one of 88, and one of 91 ; in 1860, one of 82, one of 83, and one of 88 ; in 1861, two of 80, one of 81, one of 86, and one of 92 ; in 1862, one of 85, and two of 86 ; in 1863, one of 83, and one of 87 ; in 1864, one of 83, and one of 87 ; in 1865, one of 80, one of 82, and two of 84 ; in 1866, two of 80, one of 91, and one of 93. One other case deserves mention. Mary Sanderson, great- grand-daughter of WUliam Munroe, the original emigrant, died October 15, 1852, aged 104 years and 5 days. By the State Census just published, it appears that Lexington, in 1865, with a population of 2,220, had the following number of persons of the ages there specified : Between the ages of sixty and seventy, 127 ; between seventy and eighty, 83 ; between eighty and ninety, 32 ; between ninety and one hundred, 3. We have already seen, that Lexington was incorporated, March 20, 1712, Old Style, which, by our present mode of reckoning, would be March 31, 1713.' It took its name from Robert ' It may be interesting to some to state the occasion for the change from Old to New Style. The Julian Year consisted of three hundred and sixty- five days and six hours — making the year too long by about eleven minutes. In 1682, Pope Gregory XUI attempted to reform the Calendar. From the time of the CouncU of Nice to the time of Gregory, this excess of eleven minutes amounted to ten days. In order to obviate this error, it was ordained that the year 1582 should consist of only three hundred and sixty-five days, and that ten days, between the 4th and 14th of October, should be thrown out of the Calendar for that year ; and also to prevent any further irregularity, that no year commenc ing a century should be leap-year, excepting each four hundredth year ; whereby three days are abated every four hundred years, that being nearly equal to eleven minutes for every year during that period, leaving an error of only one day in five thousand two hundred years. SUSCELLANEOtrSi 423 Sutton, whfflrbore lihe title of Lord Lexington. The family of Lexington, of whichi Su' Robert was, in the female line, the uepresentative, was of considerable antiquity and: mote ia Eng land. Robert Sutton, Baron de Lexington, lived in the time of Henry IH. and died June 4, 1250, without issue, Johm give the whole a fine appearance. Nearly opposite the last mentioned estate, we bave the summer residence of Francis B- Hayes, Esq., of Boston. It is situated a jfew rpds from the street^ op elevated ground, apd enjpys an 428 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. extensive prospect. Not only the northern part of the -town, but the distant Wachusett, the grand Monadnock, and a long range of the hUls of New Hampshire, are in ftiU view. A site thus elevated secures ," the cooling western breeze," and so recommends the place to those who wish to inhale the air of the mountains. The grounds are laid out in good taste, and fine hedges around the yards give to the premises a rural charm not often surpassed. The house is finished in modern style, with a French roof and cupola ; and when the trees which have been planted upon the premises are grown, the place wiU be one of beauty and attrac tion. ^/Lr. Hayes has an extensive farm, of some three Hundred acres ; that portion of it which lies near the dweUing, is highly cultivated and planted with fruit trees. About a third of a mile from the Common, on the Bedford road, is a neat dweUing, situated six or eight rods from the highway, with pleasant ground on every side ; and, as it over looks the broad cultivated meadow between Bedford and Hancock Streets, it furnishes a wide survey of thrifty agriculture, and at the same time affords a handsome seat of quiet retirement, though within a few minutes' walk of the viUage. The place is owned and occupied by Mr. George H. Everson. The prospect of most of the houses near the viUage has been greatly improved within the last thirty years, by the clearing up of the swamps which skirted it on either side. Formerly a wide belt of birch and maple partiaUy inclosed the settlement — adding nothing to its appearance, save when the variegated leaves of autumn gave a temporary charm. But now these same meadows, with their rude tangled wild-wood, have given place to cultivated fields and grassy lawns, which spread out like a miniature prairie, to regale the sense and reward the labor of the husbandman. The dweUings above described, with several other neat and pleasant houses upon Hancock street, render it what may be denominated the " Court End " of the village. But we cannot dismiss this neighborhood, without calling atten tion to a dweUing somewhat antiquated in appearance, reminding us of other days, and awakening at once pious and patriotic emotions, and inspiring us with grateful recollections of those who have labored to promote the glory of God and the welfare of their country — a dwelling about which cluster more sacred memories :am(/>omz o ITI o -< ft* T 1 * * V' if 41 * n -fc • 7 IIT' f "/ MISCELLANEOUS. 429 than around any other in the town. We allude, of course, to the old Hancoch or Clarke House. A part of this house was erected by Rev. John Hancock immediately after his settlement in 1698, and some thirty-five years after,, his son Moses, a successful merchant in Boston, caused a front of a larger size to be erected for his honored father, the first permanent minister of Lexington. This house is still standing, showing the original building and the addition, as seen in the accompanying engraving. Here the venerable Hancock resided till his death, in 1755. Here his grandson, John Hancock, who was afterwards Presi dent of the Continental Congress, and Governor of the Common wealth, and who was a son of Rev. John Hancock of Braintree, spent several years of his boyhood after the death of his father. On the decease of Rev. Mr. Hancock the elder, the Rev. Jonas Clarke succeeded him in the parish, and in the occupancy of this house. Mr. Clarke, being in CoUege with John Hancock the third, early contracted an acquaintance with him, and marrying a grand-daughter of Rev. Mr. Hancock the elder, and of course cousin to his coUege acquaintance, an intimacy grew up between Mr. Clarke and Mr. Hancock. Nothing is more natural, than that John Hancock should frequently visit the home of his boyhood, and his old acquaintance, and now cousin, in the very house where he had received the instruction of his grand father, and around which his youthful affections clustered. And as the controversy with the mother country opened, and Mr. Clarke took a deep and lively interest in the subject, Mr. Hancock found a new bond of attachment; hence the great intimacy between these two friends and patriots. It was in this now venerable and antiquated dwelling, that the Rev. Mr. Clarke prepared those pious sermons, and those patriotic papers, which taught his people their duty to their God, to them selves, and to their country. It was in this house that Samuel Adams, John Hancock, and Dr. Warren often conferred together on grave matters of State. It was here that Adams and Hancock repau:ed to escape the contemplated arrest of Governor Gage. It was here that these two patriots lodged on the night of the .18th'of April, 1775, when the first intelligence of the march of the British reached Lexington ; and it was from this house that they departed when the British troops arrived. Here, too, the 430 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. pious priest and patriot spent his days, and expired after a long life of usefulness* Well then, may the people of Lexington, iand of places remote, cherish a fond and reverential regard for this; sacred place,, endeared to them by so many associations. In the western part of the viUage, there are several houses of a neat and comfortable appearancfe ; aild among these the pleasant cottage of Mr,. George W. Robinson, and the dweUing of Mr. John C. BlasdeU deserve special mention. The former is situated forty or fifty rods from. Monument Street, on land a little elevated, in the midst of ai productive farm, with an extensive lawn of reclaimed' meadow in front, having a private road connecting it with the street .at two points. The latter is a handsome mansion, standing; some forty rods from the road, with which it is connected by a winding driveway. The grounds, which are separated from llie street by a fine hedge of double spruce, are tastefiiUy laid out and ornamented, with trees and shrubbery. In. the rear of the house the ground- rises to a plat of table l&nd, covered, with an open grove of forest trees, in the midst of which is a; pool of never failing water. Mr. BlasdeUi has also upon his premises an extensive conservatory, where grapes, shrubs, and flowers are Gultivatedi These houses and their surroundings furnish, a delightfuli landscape view. With a belt of level and highly cultivated! meadow in the foreground, the beautiful hill-side adorned; with forest and fruit trees and presenting the houses and grounds above mentioned, the whole resting, against a large circular swell of woodland as a back-ground, — the painter would have an excellent view fOr the exercise of his art.. About a mUe westerly from the Common, at the junction of Monument and School Streets, is tlie late residence of Mr. Joshua Bi Fowle. The house and out-buUdings are capacious, and of modem style ; and standing upon an elevated site;, with a fine lawn around and an extensive prospect: iii tjici distance — the place may justly be; regarded as a desirable: one &c any gentleman's residence. The house of Mr. A. W. Crowningshield, at the junction of School, and. Lincoln StreetB,, is a fine building, two stories high, with a cupola, from which you overlook his well cultivated fiirm. The summer residence of Mrs. WUliam Cary, of Brooklyn, N- Y., situated on Shade; Street^ is. one of. ther most rural and pur 1 1 Jc THE CLARKE HOUSE MISCELLANEOUS. 431 commanding of any in the town. The house, being a refit of the old mansion, is not remarkable for its size, but is fitted up in good taste, and looks out on every side upon the rich and productive farm. Though the land is comparatively level, the house is situated nearly on the summit of a high swell of land which commands an extensive prospect to the west. This valuable and highly improved farm was generously tendered by Mrs. Cary to the State, for a site of the Agricultural CoUege. Near the junction of Spring Street and Concord Avenue is the residence of Mr. Webster Smith. The house was built by the late EUas Phinney, Esq., and is a handsome mansion. Situated some eight or ten rods from the street, with a fine lawn in front, and rich grass land spreading out iu the rear, this situation combines neatness and good taste, with the appearance of agricultural retirement and thrift. The old homestead of Peter WeUington and his late brother, Major B. O. Wellington, on Concord Avenue, shaded by an open grove of ornamental trees, would impress the traveler with the very idea of rural enjoyment. There are several houses in the East ViUage which add to the appearance of the place. The house owned by Maurice O'ConneU, Esq., overlooking a great part of the viUage, the dwellings of Mr. O. H. Dana, and of Mr. Charles Brown, and the mansion house near the church, would naturaUy attract the notice of any one coming into the place. The farm house of Mr. Nathaniel Pierce, with its spacious yard, and the house lately occupied by Judge Redfield, standing on elevated ground, would not escape the notice of a stranger. The residence of Mr. Charles Nunn, situated near the junc tion, on the rising land between Main and Middle Streets, is worthy of special notice. The elegance and good taste displayed in the buUdings and grounds, the natural beauty of the site, and the fine prospect it commands, render it one of the most desirable situations in the place. The house of Mr. WiUiam A. Tower, midway between the two vUlages, is a stately buUding. Situated on the high land south of Main Street, it makes a fine appearance, and its cupola commands a prospect of great extent, variety, and beauty. 5S 432 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Though considerably elevated above the road, the house is approached by a circular driveway of easy ascent. The land about the buildings is comparatively level, having however a gentle depression, affording a fine pool of lasting water near the mansion. A view of the premises, taken on the high grounds near the edifice, affords a scene of the most pleasing combination of nature and art ; showing at once elegant buildings, native and artificial forests, and a beautiful pool of water. This dwelling, with all its surroundings, has no superior in the township ; and any admirer of natural scenery would find his taste fully gratified by such a location. The house near the Town Hall, owned and occupied by Mr. W. E. Russell, is a commodious and desirable one, and its location is among the best in the village. There is another dwelling, which, from its retired position and rather romantic history, deserves notice. It is situated on the western decUvity of Loring's HUl, and is hidden from view except on the west, where it looks out upon a pleasant prospect, both immediate and remote. Its secluded situation, and the range of open wood with which it is nearly surrounded, make it a desirable place to retire from pubUc view, and commune with nature in shady groves. The house was built by a stranger in town by the name of Lord, who, after the whole was finished according to his taste, visited New York, and for certain obUquity of conduct, found a steady home in the penitentiary instead of his secluded house in Lexington. The premises have changed hands frequently, and the place is now owned and occupied by Mr. Henry Fowle, of Boston, as a summer residence. The house of Mr. George Munroe, the dwelling of the late Reuben Reed, and the house on the Marshall Locke place, on LoweU Street, fiirnish examples of fine residences upon productive farms — showing that the calling of the agriculturalist is not repugnant to elegance and good taste. These are among the largest and most striking dweUings in town. But the boast of Lexington is not that she abounds in princely mansions, but that the mass of her houses are neat and in good repair ; and in this respect she wiU compare favorably with any of her sister towns. Most of our farmers and mechanics have comfortable houses in a good condition, giving evidence of RESIDENCE OF MR. WILLIAM A. TOWER. MISCELLANEOUS. 433 comfort, taste, and thrift. And though some of these show a somewhat ancient origin, they at the same time bear witness that they have been fondly cherished and carefully preserved, so as to afford to the third and fourth generations a rural and pleasant home. In fact, the venerable old houses which are found on some of our farms are calculated to excite a lively interest, and carry us back to scenes of rural simpUcity, when the wants of the people were few and easUy supplied ; when nature had its full play, and the enjoyments of Ufe were real, and unadulterated with the false glosses of art. BESIDENCE OF MB. CHAELES TmD. The dweUing of Mr. Charles Tidd is one of this description. Erected by his great-grand-father, it has stood at least one hundred and seventy-five years ; and while its architecture forms a connecting link between the past and the present, and the venerable elm speaks of other days, the present good condition of the dweUing, and the farm with which it is surrounded, shows a just appreciation of ancestral labor and fiUal care, and that rural 434 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. comfort may be enjoyed in houses which have come down from past generations. In contrast vrith the above dwelling, is the elegant cottage of Mr. Luke C. ChUds, near the East Village. Situated on a rise of ground, about one hxmdred and twenty rods from Main Street, with orchards and highly cultivated lands in front, and Mount EpfaraJm in the back ground, it makes a fine appearance, and shows that agriculture and taste may easUy combine. To the lovers of rural scenery there is a charm in locations like this. Nor are the advantages merely imaginary. There is an exemption from the noise and bustle of business, and from the dust of the street; and every farmer knows the advantf^es of having his buUdings near the centre of his improved land. BESmE^CE OF MB. LL'XE C. CHIUJS. As a specimen of the common vUlage dweUings, the houses of Mr. Warren Duren, and Mr. Charles Hudson are given below ; and whUe they lay no claim to any special elegance, they serve as convenient and comfortable homes. The former is situated at the junction of Hancock and Adams Streets, and marks the MISCELLANEOUS. 435 boundary of the viUage proper in that direction. The house stands on grounds elevated above the street, and hence shows to good advantage. It has the refreshing air from the distant high lands which separate the waters which flow into the Connecticut on the one hand, and the Merrimack pn the other ; and enjoys the pleasing prospect of the setting sun gUding the summits of the mountain peaks. BESIDESCE OF ME. WABBEN DUBEN. Situations Uke the above, representing the middle classes in society, are the best exponents of the prosperity of a town. As the real wealth of a nation consists in the productiveness of its labor, so the prosperity of a town depends more upon the working classes, than upon retired capitalists. It is not upon mUlionaires that any place can safely rest for its prosperity and growth. However Uberal such capitalists may be, their benefactions amount to a mere trifle, when compared vrith the annual produc tion of the laboring, business portions of the community. The more equaUy property is distributed, or which is nearly the same 436 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. thing, the more uniformly industry and frugality are practiced by its inhabitants, the greater wiU be the prosperity of any place. Not, however, that wealth is to be despised, or that none are to be regarded as laborers but those who work with their own hands. Every man is a laborer who pursues any lawful caUing which contributes to the prosperity of society. i'§i^,!:^*V, , yieyss^z.^ S£^ BESLDENCE OF MB. CHABLES HimSOK. Lexington, in the commercial sense of the term, has no rich men among her citizens ; on the contrary, wealth is more equally distributed in this town than in most others in the vicinity. And as the dwellings are, as a general thing, an index to the condi tion of the people, we might naturally expect to find most of the houses of a medium class, representing the farmers, the mechanics, and the business men of the place. The house of Mr. Hudson has no special attractions, save that of location. Situated opposite the Common, it looks out upon that consecrated spot, and enjoys a full view of the churches, the Monument, and their surroundings. MISCELLANEOUS. 437 It wUl be interesting to witness the growth of the town through every period of its history from the first settlement to the present day. It wiU be seen by the foUowing tables, that its progress has not been rapid., In 1754, a portion of the territory and popu lation was taken from Lexington to form the town of Lincoln. The French- and Revolutionary wars which foUowed, kept the population nearly stationary for thirty or forty years. As Lexington was a part of Cambridge tiU 1713, we have no records of her population tUl after that period. Nor have we any authentic census tiU 1790. But from a careful analysis of aU the documents which bear upon the subject, and a full consid eration of scattering tax biUs, number of poUs, the effects of PhUip's, the French, and the Revolutionary wars, the known emigration and immigration from and to the township, the change Jof the tov?n Unes, and the general laws of population, we can safely estimate the population of Lexington for each decennial period ; and though the numbers may not be perfectly accurate, they are a close approximation, sufficiently near for aU practical purposes. The foUowing table wUl show the population at the commence ment of each decade : Population. . 761 . 760 755 . 750 L The above is unofficial. Tear. Fopolation. Tear. Population. Tear. 1650, 30 1700, . 360 1750f 1660, 60 1710, . 453 1760, 1670, 90 1720, . 668 1770, 1680, . 160 1730, . 681 1780, 1690, • . 256 1740, . 724 White males under 16 yrs. " 16 yrs. and upwards, Total males, . 1790. 212251 463 White females, (of all ages,) . . 470 " AU other free persons," . . 8 Aggregate, .... 911 1800. White males under 10 yrs. " 10 yrs. and under 16, " 16 " " 26, •< 26 " " 45, " 46 " and upwards, Total males, 148 91 9096 81 606 White females under 10 yrs. . " 10 yrs. and under 16, 16 " " 26, " 26 " •' 45, " 45 " and upwards, Total females, . " All other free persons, except Indians, not taxed," . . 6 Aggregate - • . - • - • • - • • ¦ • • ¦ 1.006 129 78 969893 494 438 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1810. White males under 10 yrs. " 10 yrs. and under 16, " 16 " " 26, " 26 " " 45, " 45 " and upwards. Total males. 123 82 105 103102 615 White females under 10 yrs. . . 130 " 10 yrs. and under 16, 68 " 16 " " 26, 119 " 26 " " 45, 98 " 46 " and upwards, 116 Total females, . " All other free persons except Indians, not taxed," . . 10 Aggregate, 1,062 527 White males under 10 yrs. " 10 yrs. and under 16, 16 " " 26, " 26 " " 46, 1820. 141 White females under 10 yrs. 81 119140 " 45 " and upwards, . Ill Total males, . . . .592 153 77 105 10 yrs. and under 16, 16 " « 26, 26 " " 46, 139 45 " and upwards, 130 Total females, 604 Free colored, under 14 yrs. 1 male and 1 female ; 45 yrs. and upwards, 2 females. Ayyrvywb t ' 1830: • ^,- im White males under 6 yrs. , . 106 White females under 6 yrs. 92 it 6 yrs. and under 10, . 106 it 5 yrs. and under 10, 91 u 10 tt (f 16, . 80 tt 10 " (( 15, 81 tt 15 tt (( 20, . 76 tt 15 (( (( 20, 93 (( 20 tt It 30, . 141 tt 20 (( (1 30, 122 (( 30 tt tl 40, . 117 it 30 (f (f 40, 99 tl 40 ft (( 60, . 67 Waltham, where he d. Feb. 8, 1767, aged 82. Lydia, b. July 9, 1706 ; m. Oct. 13, 1731, Caleb Pond, of Dedham. Jonas, b. Jan. 6, 1708 ; d. June following. Judith, b. Sept. 15, 1709 ; m. Boyden. Elizabeth, b. July 8, 1712 ; m. Feb. 26, 1744, Robert Baker, of Con. Hannah, b. Feb. 9, 1716 ; m. Dec. 4, 1734, Barachias Lewis, of Rox. Seth, b. March 25, 1717 ; d. 1730. Josiah, b. June 13, 1719 ; m. Grace Hager ; had children in Weston. Deborah, h. June 13 ; d. June 16, 1719 ; a twin vrith Josiah. Abigail, b. in Walt. May 6, 1721 ; d. May 26, 1740. Daniel, b. in Walt. May 2, 1724 ; m. Nov. 22, 1743, and had Eliza beth, Jonas, and Seth. John Adams m. Oct. 27, 1714, Mary Flagg. He was probably the John Adams who m. Nov. 24, 1743, Mary Sanderson, of Walt. He was chosen to the dignified oflice of hog-reeve in 1715, showing that he was an inhabitant at that time, and that he bad recently assumed another important relation. His last wife d. July 21, 1786, aged 95. Mephibosheth, h. July 4, 1715 ; m. May 2, 1734, Jane Derby. John, b. Feb. 22, 1717 ; probably settled in Line, where he m. Eliza beth , and had a family of 11 children. He d. 1774. Micah, b. Aug. 14, 1718 ; d. Aug. 23, 1747. Mary, b. Feb. 27, 1722. Abigail, b. June 3, 1723. Prudence, h, AprU 1, 1727. f Sampson, b. Aug. 26, 1730 ; d. Aug. 26, 1785. \ George, b. May 17, 1733; m. July 18, 1768, AbigaU Prentice, of Newton. Susanna, b. March 21, 1735. Lucy, b. Dec. 27, 1738. 33 Jane, b. June 3, 1740. Benjamin Adams m. Eunice . Their first two children were bap. in Walt. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. in Lejf . Sept. 26, 1736. \Benjamin, b. Feb. 5, 1727 ; d. Oct. 27, 1790, aged 64. Micajah, b. Feb. 11, 1728. Israel, b. June 2, 1732. Ebenezer, b. July 26, 1736 ; Nathaniel, b. Oct. 6, 1738 ; Ebenezer, b. May 23, 1740. Solomon^ b. April 6, 1744. Martha, b. Nov. 2, 1746 ; d. May 7, 1747 b. Nov. 25, 1748. 36 Eunice, bap. June 3, 1731. 38 Simon, b. Oct. 15„ 1734. young. Dec. 17, 1738. 42 Abraham, b. Aug. 24, 1742. Sampson Adams m. Mary , and had Anna, b. Nov. 20, 1775. His wife d., andi he m. Nov. 11, 1779, Katharine Bacon, of Wo- They had Zedekiah, bap. Oct. 3, 1784. Sampson Adams d. Aug. 26, 1785. She d. April 26,. 1829, aged 84. His family record is imper fect. He had a son Thomas in the Revolntion. George Adams m. July 18, 1758, Abigail Prentice, of Newton. She d. Jan. 2, 1760, leaving two children; and he m. March 18, 1762, Elizabeth Crosby. He d.. Feb. 8, 1814, aged 84 years. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 30-46 48 49606253 64 66 12-34- 1- 2 3 46 1- 2 3 AbigaU, b. Jan. 3, 1759. 47 Anna, b. Dec. 24, 1760. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 15, 1763. George, b. Sept. 25, 1764 ; d. Dec. 10, 1764. Samuel, b. Feb. 12, 1766, 51 Eunice, b. Aug. 21, 1767. George, h. Oct. 2, 1769 ; d. March 31, 1793. Rebecca, b. Dec. 13, 1771 ; d. Dec. 1772. Micah, b. April 9, 1774. 55 Phinehas, b. Oct. 11, 1776. ~ ' , b. Dec. 9, 1778. Benjamin Adams m. . He d. Oct. 27, 1790. The only record is a baptismal one, which reads as follows : " Oct. 30, 1791, bap. Benjamin Adams, Eliphalet Adams, and Nathaniel Adams, — children of Benjamin Adams, deceased." There have been other Adamses in town : Samuel Adams, b. in West Camb. Sept. 28, 1790 ; m. May 22, 1822, Ann Whittemore. He came to Lex. 1827. He d. Sept. 16. 1866 ; she d. May, 1862. They had four children : Annas, b. June 5, 1823 ; m. April 2, 1867, John Beals ; W. Frank, b. AprU 16, 1829 ; m. Emma C. Balles, of N. Jersey ; Robinson, b. Nov. 24, 1832 ; went to N. Y. ; d. 1866 ; Georgia, b. June 6, 1839 ; m. May 10, 1857, Albert Griffith, of W. Camb. She d. May, 1859. ALLEN OR ALLINE. In 1783, on the 24th of March, Ezekiel Allen, of Lex., and Sarah Abbot, of Line, were united in marriage. Ezekiel Allen was taxed in Lex. from 1778 to 1783, when his name disappears. Phinehas Allen was taxed in town as a resident in 1783. Ezekiel Allen, or Alline, as the name is sometimes spelt, was in the first eight months' service of the Revolution from Lex. in 1776. Gam!N Aixen, b. Aug. 19, 1802, Acworth, N. H. Was a son of Galen AUen, formerly of Bridgewater, Mass. He came to Lex. a single man about 1836, and m. AprU 4, 1839, Lavinia Munroe, dau. of John Munroe, b. Oct. 16, 1823. He d. June 29, 1864, and she d. AprU 22, 1865. He fiUed the office of selectman for several years. Harriet A,, b. Jan. 7, 1840; m. AprU 17, 1856, John D. Bacon; and d. March 22, 1865. Annette A., b. June 8, 1842 ; m. March 23, 3862, Abraham B. Smith. John G., b. Jan. 31, 1845. 5 Lavinia M., b. July 14, 1848. Jmas M,, b. Jan. 22, 1854. THE ANGIER FAMILY. John Angber, of Maiden, m. March 2, 1794, Mary Simonds, of Lex., dau. of John and Mary (Tufts) Simonds. He must have established himself in town immediately after his marriage, for his name appears soon after upon the tax bills. He resided on Burling ton Street, near what was caUed Bull HiU Meadow. John, b. March, 1794. He was in the war of 1812 and in the Mexi can war ; went to Wis. Danid, b. Aug. 24, 1796 ; m. June 16, 1823, Sally Davis, of Con. Chil. : MarshaU, b. Oct. 26, 1823; Charles D., b. Jan. 26, 1825; Eufiis H., b. July 8, 1828 ; Sarah L. H., b. Aug. 31, 1830; Har- 1- 23 45 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 9 riet M.-, b. Aug. 5, 1832; Eustis, b. Sept. 16, 1834; M. W., b. Oct. 3, 1838; Cyrus L., b. May 3, 1846. Abigail, b. Feb. 11, 1798; m. Nov. 3, 1821, Samuel C. Simonds, of Burlington. Amos, b, Dec. 27, 1802 ; m. Nov. 3, 1828, Esther R. Winn, of Salem, dau. of Benjamin and Susan (Estabrook) Winn, formerly of Bur. ChiL: Amos M., b. Feb. 28, 1831; m. May 31, 1857, Sarah F. BlaisdeU, of Charlestown; Lucius B., b. May 14, 1833. He served in Mass. Vols, in the late rebellion ; Louisa, b. Sept. 27, 1835 ; Henry A., b. Apr. 30, 1838. He was in the first three months' vols., was wounded and taken prisoner at the first Bull Run battle, and confined at Richmond. He is married, and resides at SomervUle ; Everett M., b. Dec. 1841. ARMS. — Richard Arms, sometimes spelled Orms, was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Apr. 10, 1709. He m. Oct. 28, 1714, Sarah Carley,- of Lex. No record of children. Rev Mr. Hancock made the following entry in the ch. record. Mar. 24, 1752 : " Baptized Sarah Arms at her' house, she being above eighty years old, and confined ; I preached there at the same time." She d. July 8, 1760, aged 88. He d. Apr. 26, 1736. He was constable in 1728, and committee to provide for the schools in 1733, and subsequently. He was a shoemaker by trade, and resided on the hill west of the residence of the late Col. Merriam. The names of Arms and Carley have long since become extinct in Lex. THE BABCOCK FAMILY. Leonard Gardner Babcock, b. May 28, 1841 ; m. Dec. 25, 1864, Frances C. Chalmers, of G-alesburg, 111. He is son of Dr. Aaron G. and Anna (Blashfield) Babcock, of Princeton, Mass., who was a descendant of Maiachi Babcock, of Sherburn. At the break ing out of the Rebellion, being at St. Louis, he entered the 11th 111. Reg. for three years. He was in several battles, and at FortDonel- son received six wounds, several of them very severe. He came to Lex. where he had relatives, in May, 1866. In Apr. 1867, he was appointed Postmaster. He has one child, Frederick G., b. Nov. 1, 1865. THE BACON FAMILY. Nathaniel Bacon and his wife Abigail were in Lex. in 1729, when we find the birth of one of their chUdren. He d. Oct. 19, 1773, aged 74. His wife survived him many years. The record of their family is meagre. Abigail, b. Sept, 20, 1729. Jacob, b. Mar. 14, 1738 ; m. Feb. 13, 1776, Katharine Davis, Bed. Oliver, b. Ap. 14, 1740 ; m. Dec. 6, 1770, Sarah Reed. Rxdh, b. June 23, 1746 ; m. Apr. 30, 1771, James Gleason. Jacob and Oliver must have left town about the time of their mar riages, as their names disappear from the tax biUs the years foUowing. There has recently been another family of this name in town — John D. Bacon, son of George, of Bil. b. Sept. 14, 1832, came to Lex. 1864, and m. Apr. 17, 1856, Harriet A. Allen, dau. of Galen AUen. She died Mar. 22, 1866, and hem. June 20, 1867, Hattie E. 1- 234 6 6 7 1- 2 46 7 8 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Grant, of Acworth, N. H. He had Carrie A., b. May 14, 1857; George H. b. Dec. 30, 1860, d. Mar. 1861 ; Annette A., b. Apr. 6, 1862, d. May, 1865. THE BAILY FAMILY. James Bailt, b. in Greenfield, N. H. Jan. 6. 1792 ; m. Sept. 27, 1818, AbigaU Simonds, dau. of David, of Lex. He died Sept. 9, 1865. She d. Aug. 9, 1863. Lydia Ann, b. Feb. 17, 1820; m. Apr. 30, 1837, Charles Hutchin son. They have three chUdren, Abigail Angeline, m. 1862, Henry Capell; Lydia Ann Addia, m. 1867, R. L. Woodbury; Elvira Augusta, m. 1864, Charles A. Grover. James B,, b. Oct. 23, 1822, m. Nov. 17, 1855, Rachel E. Marston. Frederick P., b. June 29, 1824 ; m. Nov. 1861, Dorcas Ann Skelton. ChdlusB., b. Oct. 23, 1828; m. Apr. 19, 1855, EUen E. HartweU, of Lin. They have George H., Nellie L., and Estella A. Edward B., h, June 28, 1833 ; m. June 28, 1860, Sophia L. Gould, . of Lex. dau. of Thomas Gould. Nathanid, b. Feb. 29, 1836. THE BATE FAMILY. Benjamin Bate and his wife Mary were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Oct. 31, 1703, " by. a letter of dismission from the church of Christ at Hingham." May 27, 1716, Benjamin Bate confessed to the ch. that "through the temptations of the Devill and his own corrupt heart, he had been led into many sins, particularly Sabbath breaking, which is a leading sin to other hainous sins ; therefore, being easUy taken by the Devill at his will, fell into the sin of kiUing John Law rence's cow y° night before y' last, leaving y" ax sticking in its body." — A solemn waming surely to resist the ' Devill,' and avoid Sabbath breaking. Solomon, bap. Dec. 10, 1702. 3 Lydia, d. Oct. 24, 1703. John, bap. Oct. 7, 1705 ; d. young. 5 Benjamin, bap. Jan. 17, 1716. John, bap. Dec. 3, 1717. Mary, bap. July 20, 1719, d. 1723. 8 Joseph, bap. July 2, 1721. Charity, bap. Jan. 20, 1722 ; d. Jan. 29, 1723. THE BARRETT FAMILY. Humphrey Barrett came from Eng. and settled in Con. 1640. He d. 1662, and his wife d. 1663. They had 4 sons, one of whom, Thomas, was drowned- in- Con. River. Oliver Barrett, a grandson of the emigrant, m. Oct. 24, 1754, Anna Fiske^ dau. of Ebenezer and Grace (Harrington). Fiske, of Lex. and settled in Chelmsford. About 1770, he moved to Westford, and afterwards entered the army, and d. at Albany, leaving 7 chUdren. One of their sons, viz. Benja min Barrett, b. Jan. 16, 1770, m. Betsey Gerrish, dau. of Samuel Gerrish, of Westminster. He d. in Springfield, N. Y., to which place he had removed, Oct. 21, 1844. He had 11 children, of whom 4 received a coUegiate education, and 3 of them were clergymen. The late Samuel Barrett, D. D., of Boston, was one of them. Bev. Fiske Barrett, son of Benjamin, was b. in Springfield, N. Y., Mar. 1, 1816; grad. at Union CoUege, 1842. Alier being GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 11 1-8- 8-10 11 12 8-11- Principal of Hallowell Academy, Me., he entered the ministry, and was settled in Lex. Sept. 1849, In 1862, he was dismissed at his own request, and has subsequently been settled in Scituate and Stoneham. He m. June 8, 1863, Ann E. T. Henchman, dau. of David Henchman, of Boston. She is not living. THE BEALS FAMILY. John Reals was b. in Salem, Jan. 20, 1801, where his father resided. His mother was a Bacon from Bedford. He came early to Lex. to reside with his grandmother Bacon, and in 1825 m. Mary S. Brown, dan. of John D. Brown. She d. Apr. 4, 1865, and he m. Apr. 2, 1867, Eleanor Adams, dau. of Samuel Adams. He had one chUd, George, b. May 13, 1827 ; d. Mar. 16, 1828. 11-13 14 15 THE BENNETT FAMILY. Moses Bennett, of Groton,_m'. Aug. 11, 1719, Anna Blanchard. They had the foUo-wing children. 2 Abigail, b. Aug. 31, 1720. 4 Moses, b. Aug. 15, 1726. 6 Eunice, b. Mar. 27, 1731. 8 \JameS, b. Dec. 6, 1736. 8 Stephen, b. Oct. 16, 1723. 5 David, b. May 16, 1729. 7 Jonathan, b May 17, 1733. 9 Anna, b. Nov. 8, 1739. James Bennett, of Groton, m. , and had 7 children. His wife d. and he m. Dec. 14, 1784, Olive Shattuck, dau. of John and Elizabeth Shattuck ; she was b. Jan. 27, 1763, and hence was 17 years younger than her husband. He settled in the northwest comer of Ashby, near Watatick Mountain, adjoining the bounds of Ashburnham and New Ipswich. He d. Aug. 9, 1808, aged 71 years, 4 mo. and 4 days. He was in the army of the Revolution. In 1775, he was stationed at Lechmere's Point, East Cambridge, and was in the battle of Bunker Hill ; he was in other battles, and had the command of a company. His wid. m. Jan. 25, 1816, Nehemiah Hardy, of Hollis, N. H. Capt. Bennett had by his 2d wife the following children. Eliab, b. Jan. 13, 1789 ; d. in PeppereU of a fever. May 4, 1815, on the day appointed for his marriage, aged 26. ^James Ha/hiey, b. Nov. 22, 1791 ; m. Winifred Knowles. Sarah, b. Aug. 7, 1795 ; m. in Boston, 18167^Williams Wright, b. in PepperCll, Apr. 6, 1788. He had been a merchant in Boston. They had six children. Jambs H. Bennett m. Oct. 22, 1820, Winifred Knowles, b. in Truro, June 21, 1800. He commenced business in Boston in 1822, and continued his residence there till 1846, when he came to Lex. and soon after closed his business in the city. He was in the West India goods trade. After he closed his business in Boston, he opened a store in Lex. where he traded several years. James Knowles, b. July 20, 1821; m. Martha Stimpson, Jan. 2, 1853. Mary Winifred, b. Apr. 22, 1823 ; m. Apr. 26, 1843, Peter Mclntire, a merchant in Boston. Charles Hawes, b. Mar. 23, 1836 ; m. Mar. 27, 1862, M. E. Ken daU, He d. July 8, 1864. He was in trade in Lexington. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 3 4 1-2- 2- 6 6 THE BLANCHARD FAMILY. George Blanchard was early in Lex. and m. about 1707, Sarah Munroe, dau. of the original emigrant. They were ad. to the ch. Jan. 18, 1708, when their first child was bap. There seem to have been others of the same name, as Lydia, Nathaniel, Mary, and Wil liam were bap. about the same time. They may have resided in Wo.— At a later day, Elhanan Blanchard and his wife Betsey E., had Betsey, b. Sept. 2, 1809 ; Mary Ann, b. Nov. 8, 1811 ; JohnW., b. Dec. 2, 1813; Alanson, b. June 2, 1816; James P., b. Dec. 13, 1821, d. young; James P., b. Dec. 20, 1824; George W., b. Feb. 27, 1828. THE BLASDEL FAMILY. The Lex. records giving no information of the family, our record is necessarily brief and imperfect. Abner Blasdel, of Portsmouth, N. H., m. Judith Powers, and had five children. She is now resid ing in Lex. in her 78th year, with her dau. Sarah Adelaide, who was b. Dec. 27, 1825, and m. Feb. 7, 1847, George N. Dexter. They have been in Lex. several years. John C. Blasdel, the oldest son of Abner and 'Judith, was b. 1809, and ra. Joanna Chase Perkins, of Gardiner, Me. They re sided in Boston several years, when he moved to Lex. about 1851. He purchased the mansion house, built by Capt. Daniel Chandler, which he has adorned and improved. He was chosen in Nov., 1867, to represent the District in the Legislature. They have no children. There is another family of the same name, viz. Ebenezer Blas del, but the absence of a record compels us to omit an account of them. THE BLINN FAMILY. James Blink m. a Miss Gilmore, of Woolwich, Me., by whom he had a family of ten children. James, one of his sons, m. AbigaU De Lans, of Plymouth, Mass. They had a large family of chUdren. Richard D. Blinn, one of their sons, m. Harriet Gragg. They resided in Wiscasset, Me. He foUowed the sea, and was master of a vessel. 5 \Bichard D., b. July 31, 1832, m. Charlotte Piper. } William H., b. July 31, 1832. JohnF,, b. July 10, 1834. Richard D. Blinn, m. Apr. 26, 1855, Charlotte Piper, of Bed. He came to Lex. from Bed. in 1852, and went upon the railroad as brakeman or baggage master. In about two years he was promoted to the place of conductor. He has been for the last two or three years president of the road. Harrid E., b. Feb. 20, 1857. Hden Josephine, b. Apr. 4, 1861. 1- 234 6 6 1-2- 2- 78 9 ' 10 1112 1-4- 4-13 15 17 1-6- 6-18 19 20212223 24 26 2-8- GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 13 THE BLODGETT FAMILY. Thomas Blodgett, the ancestor of the greater part of the Lex. Blodgetts, was from Wo. He was a son of Samuel Blodgett, and was b. 1660. He m. Nov. 11, 1684, Rebecca Tidd, dau. of John and Rebecca Tidd, then of Wo,, but afterwards of Lex. A portion of their children were b. in Wo. and the remainder in Lex. Mr. Blodgett was a subscriber to the meeting house in the Precinct in 1692, but does not appear to have been a taxable inhabitant till 1694. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Mar. 5, 1699, by a letter of dismission from the Wo. ch. Mr. Blodgett, or Capt. Blodgett as he is generally designated, became a useful and promi nent man in the town. He was an assessor in 1710, and after the town was incorporated, he filled almost every place of honor and trust. In 1714, he was chosen one of the selectmen — an office to which he was often re-elected. He also represented the town in the General Court. He resided on Adams street, near Its intersec tion with North street. He d. Sept. 29, 1740, aged 80. She d. July 3, 1716. ^Thomas, h. in Wo. Aug. 5, 1686 ; m. Mary . Bebecca, b. in Wo. June 5, 1689. \josq)h, b. ; m. Nov. 6, 1719, Sarah Stone, of Con. Abigail, bap. in Lex. Nov. 13, 1698. ^Samud, bap. in Lex. June 17, 1702; m. Mary RusseU. Thomas Blodgett, m. Mary . She was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Feb. 18, 1728, with 22 others. She died about 1753. He d. Mar. 1, 1771. He resided with or near his father. Bebecca, b. Feb. 15, 1716. ^Thotnas, b. Apr. 29, 1717; m. Charity Raymond. Ebenezer, b. Mar. 4, 1721. He was in the French war, 1760. ^Amos, b. July 1, 1723. jPhinehas, b. Mar. 8, 1726 ; m. Joanna Locke. \jonathan, b. June 28, 1729. Joseph Blodgett, m. Nov. 5, 1719, Sarah Stone, of Con. She was ad. to the ch. June 9, 1728. He d. Jan. 7, 1731. Joseph, b. Ap. 7, 1721. 14 Sarah, h. Nov. 12, 1722. Anna, b. Ap. 10, 1724. 16 Abigail, b. July 24, 1726. Buth, bap. Mar. 10, 1728. Samuel Blodgett, m. June 2'6, 1726, Mary Russell, dau. of James and Mary Russell, b. Jan. 1, 1706. He d. Jan. 23, 1773, aged 71. Samuel, b. Ap. 30, 1727. jSimeon, b. June 5, 1730; m. Susan Skilton. Josq>h, b. Feb. 10, 1732; d. Jan. 7, 1733. Mary, b. June 20, 1733 ; m. Jonathan Perry. Biith, b. Aug. 29, 1735 ; m. Oct. 26, 1759, Henry Harrington. \ Josiah, b. Dec. 28, 1737; m. Ap. 24, 1760, Jane Thorn. \ Timothy, b. Aug. 7, 1^40; m. MiUicent — \lsaac, b. Feb. 1, 1744; m. Ap. 20, 1769, Mary Locke. Thomas Blodgett, m. Charity Raymond, dau. of Jonathan and Charity, b. Sept. 15, 1724. He was in the French and Indian War 60 14 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 8-26 27 • 282930 32 2-10- 10-33 36 3738 2-11- 11-39 41 2-12- 12-43 6-19- 19-45 46 4749 in the campaign of 1760, under Capt. Clapham. She d. Jan. 28, 1771, and he m. again in 1773. He d. Feb. 4, 1800, aged 83. Sarah, b. Dec. 22, 1745 ; m. July 24, 1766, Levi Parker, BUlerica. Mary, b. Ap. 6, 1747. Wathan, b. July 7, 1749 ; m. Jan. 3, 1791, Deborah Robbins. William, b. Ap. 25, 1751 ; d. July 13, 1773. Abijah, b. Dec. 16, 1762. 31 Ruth, b. Dec. 23, 1764. Aaron, b. Dec. 2, 1769 ; m. May 1, 1798, Patty Lane. They had a child b. and d. 1799. Amos Blodgett, m. Margaret • Bd)ecca, b. Jan. 31, 1752. Amos, b. Aug. 25, 1756. Nanne, b. Dec. 26, 1760. James, b. June 5, 1763 ; m. Sept. 1, 1786, Ruth Fowle, of Wo. 34 Bette, b. June 17, 1754. 36 Sally, b. Dec. 14, 1758. 6-23- 23-51 6-24- 24-53 66 6-25- 26-57 5960616263 Phinehas Blodgett, m. Oct. 10, 1753, Joanna Locke. He was one of the patriotic band which marched, 1767, to the rehef of Fort WiUiam-Henry. Benjamin, b. Aug. 13, 1754. Joseph, b. June 10, 1758. 40 David, b. Dec. 26, 1756. 42 Ebenezer, b. Ap. 28, 1761. Jonathan Blodgett, m. Molly, bap. Oct. 6, 1760. 44 Thaddeus, bap. June 26, 1763. Simeon Blodgett, m. Dec. 24, 1761, Susan Skilton, dau. of Thomas and Ruth Skilton, of Wo., b. July 24, 1737. They were ad. to the ch. Jan. 2, 1763. Simeon, b. Oct. 4, 1762. Joseph, b. May 22, 1764 ; m. Abigail Munroe, July 8, 1788. Susanna, b. Sept. 28, 1765. 48 Lydia, bap. June 12, 1768. Buth, bap. Aug. 25, 1771. 60 Sarah, bap. Oct. 16, 1774. Josiah Blodgett, m. Ap. 24, 1760, Jane Thorn. They o. c. Ap. 12, 1761. He was one of the brave men who repaired to Camb. on the 17th of June, 1776, under Capt. Parker. He had been in the French war. Azubah, b. Feb. 3, 1761. 62 Salmon, b. Ap. 21, 1766. Timothy Blodgett, m. MilUcent • the ch. Feb. 3, 1767. They were ad. to Timothy, bap. Ap. 5, 1767. Levi, bap. Aug. 5, 1770. 54 Thaddeus, bap. June 12, 1768. 56 Lucy, bap. Ap. 4, 1773. Isaac Blodgett, m. Ap. 20, 1769, Mary Locke. He d. July, 1830, aged 89. He was a soldier in Capt. Parker's company on the 19th of AprU, 1775. Polly, b. July 24, 1769. 68 Lucinda, b. Mar. 8, 1772. Sarah, b. Nov. 27, 1776. Isaac, b. Nov. 3, 1777 ; d. Nov. *, 1816.- Simeon, b. June 21, 1780. Samud, b. Aug. 6, 1783 ; d. May 25, 1820, aged 37. Patty, b. June 5, 1786 ; d. probably May. 14, 1805. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 15 8-28- 28-64 6566 67 68 69 70 7172 28-69- 69-73 747576 1- 2 3 56 78 9 1-2- 2-10 11 12 13 14 1516 1718 19 Nathan Blodgett, m. Severs, by whom he had one child. She d. Nov. 30, 1790, and he m. Jan. 31, 1791, Deborah Bobbins. He died Feb. 6, 1826. Nathan, b. before 1790; m. Ap. 25, 1806, Susanna Frost, Camb. Billy, b. Dec. 8, 1791. Lydia, b. Ap. 27, 1793 ; m. Samuel Do-wning. Johri, b. Oct. 7, 1794 ; went West and d. Aaron, b. Jan. 8, 1796 ; went West and d. \Peter, b. Mar. 22, 1799 ; m. Tryphena Caldwell. Sarah C, b. Dec. 8, 1800 ; m. BilUngi Smith, Nov. 19, 1820. Sullivan, b. Mar. 29, 1806. Stephen R., b. Dec. 24, 1811 ; d. Ap. 3, 1815. Peter Blodgett, m. Dec. 14, 1823, Tryphena Caldwell, dau. of Thomas and Anna (Merriam) Caldwell, of Woburn, who removed to Lex. about 1803. Peter Blodgett d. May 8, 1856, aged 57. John, b. Ap. 4, 1825 ; d. Aug. 24, 1825. Tryphena, b. Sept. 4, 1827, d. Nov. 11, 1836. Sarah, b. Dec. 30, 1829 ; m. Samuel Barnes, and r. in Manchester, N. H. John, b. Feb. 18, 1832; m. Mar. 2, 1856, Almira Meserve, of Charlestown. 77 Pder, b. June 25, 1834. There has been another family of Blodgetts in Lex. not traceable on our records, though undoubtedly of the same parent stock with the family above. James Blodgett, m. Ruth Hadley. He d. Mar. 23, 1836, aged 73. She d. June 23, 1818, aged 59. There being no record of the family, the children may not be arranged in the order of their birth. \James, who nj. Rhoda Winn, of Bed. Nancy, m. Amos Stearns. 4 Lucy, m. Benj. M. Nevers. Charles, m. Mary Ann Dizer; and EUza Smith, Mar. 29, 1831. Amos, m. and was drowhed at Neponset. Darius, m. Ann Tileston, went West and d. Clarissa, m. Josiah Johnson, of Wo. He d. and she m. Mar. 3, 1818, Nath'l Bryant, of Boston. They are now residing in Lex. Ruth, m. Wm. Tileston. They moved to the West. James Blodgett, m. Rhoda Winn, of Bed. Hed. Jan. 3, 1839. She d. Aug. 6, 1854. They had 10 chUdren. Mary Ann, b. Aug. 9, 1809 ; m. Elias Dupee, June 18, 1830. Clarissa, b. Feb. 17, 1811 ; m. Oct. 11, 1835, Joseph Butterfield, Bed. Rhoda, b. May 7, 1813 ; m. May 31, 1835, Amos Locke. Elizabdh, b. Ap. 30, 1816 ; m. Ap. 4, 1837, Solomon Estabrook. James, b. Mar. 2, 1816 ; m. Sarah Jackson, res. E. Cam. Almira, b. Mar. 30, 1821 ; m. Sidney Butters. ^Cha/rles, b. Ap. 16, 1818 ; m. Maria Winn, of Salem. Elias, b. Oct. 13, 1822 ; m. EUza Brown, r. E. Camb. Susan, b. May 8, 1824 ; m. Amos Richardson, of Med. Lucy, b. July 8, 1829. 16 2-16- 16-20 22 1-2- 2-10 11 121314151618 20 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Charles Blodgett, m. Maria Winn, of Salem. Charles S., b. Sept. 10, 1848. Emily M,, b. Dec. 10, 1864. 21 Walter, b. Sept. 19, 1850. THE BOND FAMILY. This family came originaUy from Wat., and are the descendants of WilUam Bond, who came to this country about 1630. He settled in Wat. where he m. Feb. 7, 1649, Sarah Briscoe, by whom he had nine children. Thomas, their third son, b. Dec. 22, 1654 ; m. Sept. 30, 1680, Sarah Woolson of that town. His 3d son, John, b. July 14, 1695, was by calling a tailor. He m. Sarah Mason, by whom he had six children. She dying, he m. Ruhamah Whittemore, wid. of Benjamin Whittemore, of Con. His first three children were born in Wat., the others in Lex., to which he had removed. In 1726, he bought two houses and lands, and a wood lot in Lex. for £480. John Bond appears to have been the first of the name within our borders.\Joshua, b. Nov. 24, 1720 ; d. Feb. 18, 1790, aged 70. Ezekid, b. June 19, 1722 ; d. young. Sarah, b. Sept. 22, 1723 ; d. 1731. Lovice, bap. in Lex. Mar. 26, 1727. Elizabdh, bap. in Lex. Feb. 23, 1729 ; d. June 30, 1759'. Mary, bap. in Lex. Dec. 5, 1731 ; d. 1733. Lucy, b. . Ruhamah, h. ; d. July 25, 1746. Joshua Bond, m MilUcent Russell, dau. of Philip and Sarah Russell, who was b. Dec. 29, 1720. He was a tailor by trade. He d. Feb. 18, 1790, and she d. Ap. 28, 1795, aged 75. There seems to have been a Uttle opposition, or at least distrust, on the part of her father, who, though he gave her the usual outfit of that day, was careful to loan the articles to her, so that he could reclaim them in case of necessity. Sarah, bap. Ap. 8, 1744. Joshua, bap. Oct. 13, 1745. He was a saddle and harness maker, and had his house arid shop burned by the British, Ap. 19, 1775. His property destroyed was valued at £190. MilUcent, b. July 12, 1747 ; m. Ap. 24, 1777, Josiah Nelson, of Lin. Joseph, b. Jan. 8, 1749 ; d. in infancy. Mary, bap. July 27, 1750; d. 1763. John, bap. Ap. 19, 1762; d. Dec. 25, 1753. Phebe, bap. Nov. 30, 1755. 17 Joanna, bap. June 15, 1757. Mary, bap. Oct. 7, 1759. 19 Joseph, bap. May 13, 1761. Abd.ha.^. Oct. 19, 1762; d. 1783. Though this family was quite numerous, consisting of eleven chil dren, by the early death or removal from town of the sons, the name soon disappeared. THE BOWMAN FAMILY. Nathaniel Bowman, of Watertown, was the progenitor of those of that name who settled at Cambridge Farms. Mr. Bowman was one of the early proprietors of Wat.— his name being on the records in 1636-7. He removed early to Cambridge Farms, and settled on GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 17 1-2- 2- 9 10 11 1213 14 16 2-9- lands purchased of Edward Goffe, situated in the southeasterly part pf the town, near Arlington line. His wife, Anna, probably died first, as no mention is made of her in his will. He d. Jan. 21, 1682. His will bears date Oct. 21, 1679, and was proved Apr. 4, 1682. He gives to his son Francis the farm on which he lived, — Francis to pay Nathaniel £26, and in case he should die without issue, it was to revert to the children of Francis. His real estate was in ventoried as follows : House and 10 acres of land, £120 ; 20 acres of meadow, £60 ; 70 acres of upland unimproved, £70. His chil dren, as far as known, were as follows : f Francis, admitted freeman, 1652. Mary, buried Jan. 1, 1638. 4 Joanna, buried Nov. 20, 1638. Dorcas, buried Feb. 6, 1639, aged 7 days. Nathanid, b. Mar. 6, 1641; probably d. in Lex. 1694; was taxed 1693, but not in 1694. Joanna, b. Nov. 20, 1642 ; probably mother of Hannah Turner, mentioned in her father's will as a grandchild. Dorcas, m. Benjamin Blackleach, and afterwards m. March. 9-16 18 19 20 21 Francis Bowman, m. Sep. 26, 1661, Martha Sherman, b. Feb. 21, 1641. He resided at Cambridge Farms, where he d. Dec. 16, 1687, aged 57 years. \Francis, h. Sept. 14, 1662 ; d. Dec. 23, 1744. John, b. Feb. 19, 1666. Martha, b. Mar. 2, 1667 ; d. Dec. 1667. ^Nathaniel, b. Feb. 9, 1669 ; d. June 30, 1748. \jos^h, b. May 18, 1674 ; d. Apr. 8, 1762. Anna, b. Sept. 19, 1676 ; d. Sept. 26, 1700. Samuel, h. Aug. 14, 1679. He resided in Cambridge, where he was Dea. He m. first, Nov. 2, 1700, Rebecca Andrews, who d. Nov. 18, 1713, arid he m. second, Deborah . He had 14 children. Francis Bowman, m. first, June 26, 1684, Lydij, dau. of Dea. Samuel and Sarah Stone of Camb., second, Ruth, dau. of Rev. Samuel Angler. By a will, dated 1744, he directed his wife Ruth "to take as her own proper estate forever three of my negro servants, viz. Battiss, Philliss, and Pompy, so named. Also I give to my grand daughter, Ruth Bowman, full power at my decease to take my negro boy Domini to be her own forever, — she paying her brother Francis £20 old tenor at the time of receiving Domini." He mentions in his will, wife Ruth, son Isaac, and dau. Mary Morse, Lydia Simonds, and Sarah Russell. Francis Bowman was among the most prominent men in the township, filling from time to time every office in the gift of the people. In 1693 he was on the committee to purchase land for the support of the ministry, and was on the first board of selectmen and assessors under the town organization, to which posts he was frequently re-elected. He also represented the town in the General Court, 1720, '22, '26, '27, '32, '33. He was also one of the Royal Magistrates first appointed in 1720. He appears to have been much respected; for in "seating the meeting house" he was one of the three who were permitted to sit at the table ; and his wife was " plaste in y° fore seatt in y* body of seats." Francis, b. about 1685. 17. Mary, b. — ; m. Morse. Lydia, b. ; m. Jonathan Simonds. ^John, b. July 14, 1689 ; m. Mary Stone. Sarah, b. ; ml Phillip RusseU. ]Jsaac, b. 1693 ; d. July 18, 1785. 18 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2-12 12-22 2324 2626 272829 2-13- 13-30 31 3233 3436 3637 38 9-19- 19-39 4041 42 43 9-21- 21-44 45 13-36- Nathaniel Bowman, m. at Camb. Farms, Dec. 16, 1692, Anna Barnard, of Wat. She d. Sept. 15, 1757 ; and he d. June 30, 1748. Mary, b. Dec. 22, 1693; m. Samuel Garfield, of Wat. Anne, b. Sept. 6, 1696 ; m. Nathaniel Bright. Elizabdh, b. Nov. 13, 1698 ; d. Feb. 26, 1748, unm. Abigail, b. 1700; m. Mar. 22, 1720, Matthew Bridge, of Lex. Nathaniel, bap. May 31, 1702 ; d. Dec. 26, 1723, leaving a wid. and a dau. Mary, b. Dec. 19, 1723, and d. May 24, 1727. Grace, bap. Oct. 1, 1704; m. Mar. 10, 1726, Nathaniel Cooledge. Sarah, bap. May 25, 1707 ; m. Feb. 3, 1731, Samuel Stearns. Jane, b. ; m. Jan. 21, 1734, James Brown, of Lex. Joseph Bowman, m. Phebe . She d. Dec. 20, 1767, and he d. Apr. 8, 1762, aged 88. He was one of the leading and influential men of the town, both in municipal and church affairs. He filled the office of town clerk, assessor, and selectman repeatedly. He was on the board of selectmen fifteen years, and a representative six years. He was also a justice of the peace for many years. Joseph, b Sept. 16, 1697. Hannah, b. Nov. 11, 1699 ; m. Mar. 26, 1719, Joseph Estabrook. James, b. Sept. 11, 1701. Jonathan, b. Feb. 22, 1703 ; grad. H. C. 1724 ; united with the ch. at Lex. 1726 ; was ordained at Dorchester, Nov. 6, 1729 ; and d. May 30, 1775. Francis, b. June 10, 1706 ; d. 1750, unm. Edmund, b. Mar. 6, 1709 ; grad. at H. C. 1728 ; established himself as a merchant at Portsmouth, N. H. '^Thaddeus, b. Sept. 2, 1712; m. Dec. 2, 1736, Sarah Loring. \William, b. Sept. 2, 1715; m. May 5, 1753, Mary Reed. Martha, b. Sept. 8, 1718; m. Apr. 27, 1738, Samuel Bridge. John Bowman m. Mary Stone. They were ad. to Lex. ch. Jjine 22, 1718. He d. Apr. 30, 1726, and she d. June 28, 1767. 'fJohn, b. Dec. 5, 1713; m. Feb. 19, 1736, Susanna Cooledge. \jonas, b. Feb. 3, 1717 ; m. AbigaU Russell. Francis, b. Apr. 2, 1718 ; m. June 24, 1756, Sarah Simonds. He resided in Bedford. Ebenezer, b. Apr. 2, 1720 ; m. and moved to W. Camb., where they had Abigail, bap. in Lex. May 27, 1750, and a son Ebenezer, bap. at West Camb. 1752. Ruth, b. Dec. 23, 1723 ; ad. to the ch. Oct. 18, 1741. Isaac Bowman m. Mar. 28, 1716, EUzabeth Harrington. She d. June 8, 1741, and he m. Sarah Munroe, wid. of William Munroe. Isaac Bowman and his wife Elizabeth united with the ch. Feb. 18, 1728. He d. July 18, 1786, in the 92d year of his age. His wife Sarah d. a few months before him, viz. Apr. 13, 1785. ,He filled every office in town, from field-driver to representative. He was a magistrate for many years. Elizabeth, b. July 26, 1717; m. Sutton, of Boston. \Francis, b. Nov. 26, 1752 ; m. Susanna Chamberlain. Thaddeus Bowman m. Dec. 2, 1736, Sarah Loring, b. about 1715, dau. of Dea. Joseph and Lydia Loring. She d. Dec. 23, 1747. He m. Feb. 8, 1753, Sybil Woolson, widow of Isaac Woolson, of 36-46 47 48 49 6061 5263 54 65 66 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 19 Weston. Thaddeus and Sarah united with the ch. Dec. 6, 1741. He enjoyed the confidence of his townsmen, and was often called to fill offices of honor and trust. He was also captain of a company. Sarah, h. Oct. 2, 1737 ; d. Oct. 3, 1742. Edmund, b. August 4, 1739 ; m May 8, 1760, Esther Hoar, of Line. She d. July 22, 1780, and he m. Eunice Mead, of Stow. Joseph, b. Feb.- 13, 1741 ; m. Nov. 22, 1764, Catharine, dau. of Wil liam and Sarah (Mason) Munroe. He soon after removed to New Braintree. He was an ensign of a company of fifty men from that small town, who marched to Boston on the report of the attack upon the company at Lex. on the 19th of April. He soon after joined the army, and commanded a battalion at the Battle of Bennington, and the other battles which resulted in the capture of Burgoyne. Maj. Bowman was not only a leading man in the town of New Braintree, but his family uniting the blood of the Bowmans and Munroes of Lex. . became one of the most influential in that part of Worcester County. His daughters intermarried with the Delanos, Woods, Fields, &c., in New Braintree and the neighboring towns. His son Joseph, b. Sept. 10, 1771, represented the town of New Braintree in the General Court fourteen years, between 1807 and 1839. He was a Senator from the County of Worcester in 1828 and 1829, and was a member of the Governor's Council in 1832, '33, and '34. He was also President of the Hampshire Manufacturer's Bank, chosen annually for twenty-one consecutive years. Few men retained the confidence of the public as long as did Hon. Joseph Bowman. Isaac Bowman, another son of Maj. Joseph Bowman, moved to Wilkesbarre, Penn., about 1796, where he soon acquired the con fidence of the people, was chosen General, and promoted to other offices of power and trust. Thaddeus, b. Feb. 10, 1743 ; m. Nov. 7, 1764, Elizabeth Lawrence, b. Dec. 13, 1741, dau. of Jonathan and EUzabeth (Swain) Law rence. He was a member of Capt. Parker's company in 1775, and was the messenger who brought the first reliable intelligence of the near and rapid approach of the British upon Lex. on the morning of the 19th of April, 1775. On the year following, Thaddeus and his wife Elizabeth were dismissed from the Lex. ch. to that of Winchendon, to which place they had removed. Solomon, b. Feb. 10, 1743, a twin of Thaddeus ; d. June 6, 1744. Solomon, b. June 2, 1746. He was a Lieutenant in the 26th Regi ment of the army of 1775, was in the battle of Bunker Hill, and was kUled at the battle of Monmouth, in 1778. Joshua, b. Jan. 22, 1747. He went to Wilkesbarre, Penn., and from thence to Ohio, where his descendants are still living. Samuel, b. Dec. 2, 1753. (Samuel and the following children were by Thaddeus'f second wife.) Samuel Bowman enlisted at the commencement of the Revolution, and became a captain in the Continental line, and served to the close of the war. It is said that he was with Maj. Andre the night before his execution, and commanded the guard which conducted him to the gallows. He m. in Philadelphia, Nov. 3, 1784, Eleanor Ledlie, whose parents were from Ireland. About 1789, he moved to Wilkesbarre, Penn., where his wife had a large estate, and where he had a family of children, some of whom have become quite distinguished. Sarah, h, July 4, 1765. Ebenezer, b. July 31, 1757 ; grad. H. C. 1782 ; studied law, and es tabUshed himself at Wilkesbarre, Penn. Gideon, h, Sept. 30, 1759 ; d. Oct. 20, same year. 20 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 6768 13-37- 37-59 60 6162 63 64 19-39- 39 -66 66 6870 71 19-40 - '40-72 73 21-46 - 45-75 76 Lucy, b. Jan. 21, 1761 ; m. in Walt., June 17, 1790, Rev. Richard B. Elliott, of that to-wn, as his second wife. Sybil, b. Aug. 2, 1764; d. Dec. 2, 1766. William Bowman m. May 6, 1753, Mary Reed, of Lex. Previ ous to his marriage he resided in Narraganset No. 2, (now West minster,) in which settlement his father had an interest. He was dismissed from the ch. of Lex. and recommended to that of Narra ganset, Sept. 26, 1742. We find in a ptimphlet history of West minster, published in 1832, the following weU authenticated anecdote of William Bowman.* " In 1748, William Bowman, from Lexington, who had been in the township five or six years, and who garrisoned, if not resided, with Capt. Hoar, was mowing one day in the field, some distance from Hoar's fort, when he discovered some Indians in the adjacent woods. They had placed themselves in such a position as to cut him off from his fort; and no doubt felt sure of their victim. Bowman very adroitly concealed his agitation, and, as though he had made no dis covery, kept at work, but moving at the same time in a direction from the fort and his insidious foe, until he had gained the declivity of a hill, when he dropped his scythe, and made for Grave's fort in another part of the town about two miles distant, with such speed as to elude the grasp of his fleet-footed pursuers. Bowman soon after this occurrence left the place, having no desire, it would seem, to continue his hand with adversaries trained to every art of guile, and, every method of cruelty and torture." After leaving Westminster, he returned to Lexington, and married as before stated. He at last inoved to West Cambridge. He d. Oct. 12, 1793, aged 78 years. His wife d. Oct. 27, 1802, aged 76. Mary, b. Feb. 28, 1754; m. June 27, 1775, Joel VUes. Hannah, bap. Jan. 4, 1766; m. James Walker, of Burlington. Phebe, bap. June 19, 1767 ; m. Feb. 22, 1781, Jonathan Bridge. Martha, bap. Nov. 19, 1768; m. May 8, 1788, Abraham Smith. Bdty, bap. Oct. 28, 1769; m. WiUiam Bridge, of Walt. •Lydia, bap. Dec. 14, 1766; m. John Davis, of Methuen. John Bowman m. Feb. 19, 1737, Susanna Cooledge, dau. of Capt. Joseph and Elizabeth (Bond) Cooledge of Wat. They owned the covenant in Lex. Dec. 4, 1737. He d. Apr. 21, 1760. The Becords do not enable us to fill out the following families, Susanna, b. Jan. 19, 1738 ; m. Dec. 16, 1779, Bezaleel Learned. Josiah, b. Mar. 21, 1740. 67 Mary, b. Aug. 1, 1742. Elizabdh, b. Nov. 4, 1744. 69 Buth, bap^ Oct. 6, 1746. Benjamin, bap. June 5, 1767 ; d. Feb. 17, 1776. John, bap. July 16, 1769. Jonas Bowman m. May 19, 1739, Abigail RusseU. 1739, he owned the covenant. June 17, , of Wat., Jonas, b. July 19, 1739 ; m. May 18, 1758, Susanna and had Abiathar b. Feb. 18, 1759. Abigail, b. Jan. 19, 1741. 74 Lydia, b. Jan. 14, 1743. Francis Bowman m. Aug. 11, 1788, Susanna Chamberlain. She d. 1866. Salle, b. June 7, 1789; m. June 30, 1808, Wm. Clapp, of Boston. Isaac, b. July 27, 1790. 77 Francis, b. Apr. 23, 1792. * See HudBou's History of -Westminster. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 21 1-2- ^ THE BRADSHAW FAMILY. The name of Bradshaw is but rarely found on the Lex. records. Those of that name probably came from Camb. or Med. where the Bradshaws were somewhat numerous. Abraham Bradshaw, by wife Abigail, had Abigail, b. Feb. 14, 1749; Jonathan, b. July 19, 1761; Susanna, b. Ap. 26, 1769. THE BRIDGE FAMILY. The Bridges, who were among the earliest settlers in what now comprises the town of Lexington, were the descendants of Deacon John Bridge of Camb. He came from Essex County, England, in what was called Hooker's Company, and settled in Camb. in 1632. Hooker and a great part of his company, as we have already seen, removed to Conn, and commenced the settlement of Hartford; but Mr. Bridge remained, and connected himself with Mr. Shepherd's church — of which he was for many years a leading member and officer. He was ad. a freeman iu 1634. He was an influential and prominent man, not only in the church, but in the town and in the Colony. He filled almost every office of honor and profit within the gift of his fellow citizens. He represented them in the General Court in 1637, '38, '39, and '41, and served them as selectman eleven years from 1636 to 1652. He was also often employed by the General Court to lay out lands, serve on committees, and per form other important duties. He was a large landholder, not only in Camb. but in other parts of the Colony. He was one of the first to whom lands were granted at the " Farms," as this part of Camb. was then called. As early as 1643, he had a lot granted him on Vine Brook in Lex. and this lot was described as bounding upon his other and earlier improved lands. He had a daughter Sarah, b. Feb. 16, 1649, who probably died in early infancy. His son Thomas d. 1656 The inventory of his estate was dated Dec. 1, 1666, and was returned by his father Jan. 10, 1657. Thcdnas left a widow, Dorcas, and a daughter of the same name. His wid. m. Jan. 3, 1666, Daniel Champney, of Camb. The will of John Bridge, proved Oct. 3, 1666, mentions his wife Elizabeth, his son Matthew, daughter-in-law Dorcas, and sister Betts. His wife, it is said, had previously been the wife of Roger Bancroft, and of Martin Saunders ; and after the decease of Dea. Bridge, she had a fourth husband, Edward Taylor, of Boston. She was living in 1683. There can be no question but that the Bridges of Lex. may with certainty trace their pedigree to Dea. John Bridge, of Cambridge, who d. Apr. 1665. Mat^^hew Bridge, son of John Bridge, was a lad when he came to this country. In 1643, eleven years after he came to the Colony, he was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Co. About the same time, viz. 1643 or 4, he m. Anna Danforth, dau. of Nicholas Danforth, formerly of Framingham, Suffolk, England. He d. Apr. 28, 1700 ; and she survived him about four years, and d. Dec. 2, 1704. We have no means of knowing the exact time when Matthew Bridge took up his abode at Cambridge Farms ; but as his father owned lands on Vine Brook, within the territory, and these lands were cultivated, so far at least as to cut the grass, as early as 1643, it is probable that he removed to the place soon after. He was in the place at the organization of the Parish in 1693, and had 61 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2- 3 466 7 8 6-10 11 12 13 1416 16 17 18 6-12- 12-19 20 21 22 previously subscribed towards the erection of a meeting-house. He was a large landholder ; and in the first parislrtax in 1693, he stood higher on the list than any other man except Samuel Stone, Sen. WiUiam Munroe, Sen. and Benjamin Muzzy. Though quite ad vanced in life, he was appointed on a committee to wait upon Mr. Hancock, and make the necessary arrangements for his ordination in 1698. As a mark of distinction, he was seated at the table in the meeting-house by the order of the Parish. John, b. Mar. 16, 1644. Anna, b. , m. June 4, 1668, Samuel Livermore of Wat. Martha, b. June 19, 1648 ; d. Jan. 15, 1650. \Matthew, b. May 5, 1650; d. May 29, 1738, aged 88. Samud, b. Feb. 17, 1664 ; died Feb. 25, 1692. Thomas, b. June 1, 1666 ; d. Mar. 28, 1673. Elizabdh, b. Aug. 17, 1659; m. June 19, 1678, Capt. Benjamin Garfield of Wat. He d. Nov. 28, 1717, and she m. Oct. 25, 1720, Samuel Harrington. Matthew Bridge m. 1687, Abigail Russell, dau. of Joseph and Mary RusseU of Camb. who d. Dec. 14, 1722, aged 66. His will, dated and proved in 1738, mentions sons Matthew, John and Sam uel, and daughters, Abigail Whitney, Elizabetlt and Martha. He was either b. in Canib. Farms, or came here in early infancy. He was a soldier in the Narragansett war, and served in the ill-fated Canada expedition from July to Nov. 21, 1690. He was a subscri ber for the first meeting-house in Lex. 1692, and was clerk of the precinct eight or ten consecutive years. He enjoyed in a great degree the confidence of his townsmen, who conferred upon him with a liberal hand their temporary honors. He was chosen, at their first organization as a town, first selectman, treasurer, and clerk — to which offices he was reelected on the following year. He served many years as Treasurer, and filled almost every town office from time to time. He was also a prominent member of the church to which he was admitted Dec. 7, 1718. Mary, b. June 19, 1688; m. Capt.*William Russell, of Camb. Anna, b. Sept. 12, 1691 ; m. Isaac Watson, of Camb. \MattheiJD, b. Mar. 1, 1694; d. Mar. 25, 1761. in Walt. Abigail, b. Apr. 1, 1696 ; m. Benjamin Whitney, then of Marlbo rough, but afterwards of Boston, about 1730. She was his second -wife, and had five children, — making in all fourteen children b. to Benjamin Whitney. She d. Aug. 1, 1767. 'rJoseph, b. July 8, 1698 ; m. Nov. 18, 1722, AbigaU Cutler. ';John, b. Sept. 1, 1700 ; d. Mar. 8, 1776, aged 76 years. Elizabdh, b. Nov. 30, 1703 ; d. Nov. 24, 1751, unm. 1846. 8283 84 1- 2 4 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Amdia Maria, b. Dec. 23, 1841 ; d. Aug. 24, 1842. James Bowman, b. Feb. 26, 1843 ; d. Apr. 13, 1843. Annie Marie, b. Sept. 8, 1846 ; m. Nov. 16, 1865, George Lyman Stratton, of Boston ; r. in Lex. THE BRIGHAM family. There has been a famUy of the name of Brigham in Lexington, the extinction of which is so remarkable as to deserve notice. Aaron Brigham b. 1785, son of Ithamar Brigham, of Marlboro', m. 1808, Comfort Valentine, by whom he had thriee chUdren. Catha rine, WiUiam, and Sophia. Catharine was an invalid, and for years could not dress herself, or get off from her bed without help. Her father, after doing business in Boston, and acquiring a comfortable property, purchased a smaU farm, and came to Lex. in 1863, hoping that the country air might prove beneficial to his feeble daughter. Mr. and Mrs. Brigham were very domestic, and seemed to make the comfort of their invaUd daughter the great object of their care ; and the daughter often expressed the hope that she should not survive her parents. Though Mr. Brigham enjoyed good health for a man of Ins years, he was taken down with a fever, and d. Oct. 3, 1863, aged 78 years. His wife d. suddenly Dec. 19, 1863, aged 80 years ; and Catharine, the invalid daughter, as if she had nothing on earth to Uve for, d. Dec. 29th of the same year, aged 54 years. Thus, in less than three months, the whole famUy in Lex. became extinct. William Brigham b. Mar. 27, 1805, came to Lex. about 1830. He m. Aug. 4, 1836, Abby Ann Muzzey, dau. of Rev. WiUiam and Anna Muzzey. He is a dea. of the Unitarian church, and takes a lively interest in reUgious affairs. They have but one child, Laura Muzzey, b. July 20, 1836. Dea. Brigham is a son o{ Elijah and Mary (Gleason) Brigham, of Sudbury, who had a family of eleven children. EUjah was born Oct. 13, 1776, and was a direct descendant from John &igham, the second son of Thomas who came to this country in 1635, in the ship Susan &-EUyn, and settled in Wat. THE BROWN FAMILY. The name of Brown is so common, that in tracing the line of family descent, we are in great danger of confounding one person with another, and of becoming bewildered among the WUliam Browns and John Browns, as we should be if we fell into the laby rinths of the John Smiths. But being favored by the labors of one of the famUy, I have been materially aided in giving a connected view of the Lex. Browns. The original ancestor of this famUy, who came to this country, was John Bro-wn, who was baptized at Hawkedon, Eng. Oct. 11, 1601. He was son of John, an elder brother of Richard Brown ; he arrived in New England in the ship Lion, Sept. 16, 1632, and settled in Wat. He was ad. freeman- in 1634, and d. June, 1636, aged 36. By his wife Dorothy, he had three chUdren, one of whom must have been born abroad. \John, b. in England, 1631. 3 Hannah, b. Sept. 8, 1634. Mary, b. Mar. 24, 1636. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 27 1-2- - 5 68 10 11 1314 15 2-15- JoHN Brown, m. Apr. 24, 1655, Esther, or as it is sometimes -written, Hester Makepeace, of Boston. They had eleven children — the first four of whom were born in Camb. and the remaining seven in Marlborough, to which place he had removed. He sold out his place in Marl, to Thomas Rice, and removed to Falmouth, and from thence to Wat. His WiU, dated at Wat. Nov. 20, 1697, in which he is designated as " late of Falmouth," mentions his wife Hester ; sons John, Thomas, Ilaniel, and Joseph ; dau. Deborah Meacham ; sons-in-law John Gustin, John Adams, Thomas Darby, and John Hartshorne.Joseph, b. Feb. 8, 1666 ; kiUed by a cart Sept. 24, 1671. Elizabdh, b. Mar. 26, 1657. 7 Sarah, b. July 8, 1661. Mary, b. Dec. 19, 1662. 9 John, b. Nov. 27, 1664. Hester, b. and d. 1667. 104 Ruth, b. Dec. 8, 1668. Thomas, b. 1669. 12 Danid, b, 1671. Ddtorah, b. 1673 ; m. Meacham. Abigail, b. 1675. \Joseph, b. 1677 ; d. Jan. 11, 1764, aged 86. 15-16 17 1819 20 2122 23 24 16-17- 17-26 26 2728 3031 Joseph Brown m. in Wat. Nov. 16, 1699, Ruhamah Wellington, dau. of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Sweetman) Wellington, of that place. He probably settled at Wat. Farms, (now Weston,) as he sold a place there in 1709, soon after which he removed to Jiex. On the 31st of May, 1713, he and his wife were ad.' to the ch. in Lex. and a few weeks after one of their children was baptized. He was a prominent member of the ch. and was chosen dea. in 1727, which office he held till his death in 1764. His services wei% also appre ciated in the town. While in Wat. he was constable, selectman, and to-wn clerk ; and after he came to Lex. he was called to fill similar offices, being assessor, and selectman. He d. in Lex. Jan. 11, 1764, aged 86. She d. July 1, 1772, aged 91. They lived together, husband and wife, 64 years, Ruhamah, b. in Wat. July 15, 1701. '[Daniel, b. in Wat. Dec. 21, 1703. John, b. in Wat. Jan. 6, 1706 ; d. Jan. 21, 1730. \Jos^h, b. in Wat. Sept. 2, 1708 Jonas, b. in Wat. May 3, 1711. \James, bap. in Lex. July 26, 1713; d. June 11, 1768. Josiah; bap. in Lex. Aug. 12, 1715 ; was ad. to the ch. Mar. 11, 1730. He settled in Sterling. He was grad. at H. C. in 1735, preached in SterUng, and d. Mar. 4, 1774. \Benjamin, bap. July 3, 1720; d. 1801, aged 81. William, bap. Apr. 28, 1723. He removed to Framingham, where he was a dea. of the ch. and selectman of the town. He d. Dec. 12, 1793, and his widow d. Feb. 1810. They had a family of eight chUdren. Daniel Brown m. EUot about 1728. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Mar. 15, 1734 She d. July, 1735, and he m. July 16, 1736, Anne Bright, of Wat. John, bap. Nov. 30, 1729 ; d. young. Ruhamah, b. Apr. 7, 1731 ; m. Jan. 18, 1753, John Reed. ^Nathaniel Bowman, b. July 1, 1737. Abisha,htcp. Aug. 13, 1738. 29 Anna, b. Apr. 29, 1739. Daniel, b. Dec. 20, 1741. Esther, b. Aug. 12, 1743 ; m. Aug. 16, 1770, Nathaniel Tottingham, Westminster. 28 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 3233 3435 15-19- 15-21- 21-37 3839 40 15-23- 26-41 42 434446 46 4748 496061 17—27 27-52 64 Jerusha, b. Mar. 18, 1746 ; m. Oct. 13, 1766, Abisha Brown, Con. Martha, b. June 18, 1749 ; m. Nov. 27, 1766, Zachariah Brown, Con. John, b. Apr. 12, 1751 ; kiUed on the Common, AprU 19, 1775. Hannah, b. Apr. 8, 1756. 36 Mary, b. May 5, 1768. Joseph Brown, ad. to Lex. ch. Feb. 18, 1727 ; removed to Hol- liston, where he was dea. of a ch. ; m. Lydia Twitchel, and had a family. James Brown m. Jan. 21, 1735, Jane Bowman, dau. of Nathaniel and Anne Bo-wman. She d. May 8, 1761, and he m. Elizabeth, wid. of Hezekiah Smith, of Lex., May 18, 1762. James Brown and Jane were ad. to the ch. Oct. 19, 1735; he was chosen dea. 1756, and fiUed that office till June 11, 1768, when his earthly labors ceased. His wid. d. Dec. 29, 1774. Mary, b. Aug. 13, 1735 ; m. Sept. 3, 1753, Samuel Thacher, of Wat. iFrancis, b. Jan. 22, 1738 ; d. Apr. 21, 1800, aged 62. Joseph, b. Apr. 14, 1741 ; grad. H. C. 1763 ; was ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 7, 1766. He m. May 7, 1765, Sarah Smith ; was dis missed from the ch. at Lex. to the ch. of Winchendon, over which he was ordained May 24, 1769. He d. 1811. James, h. Jan. 3, 1744 ; d. Jan. 22, 1749. Benjamin Brown, m. Dec. 22, 1742, Sarah Reed, dau. of William Reed, Esq. and Sarah (Poulter) his wife. He was chosen dea. Oct. 14, 1768. He was justice of the peace. He d. Mar. 4, 1802. Benjamin, b. Jan. 1, 1744; m. June 12, 1769, Esther Whittemore, of Lex. They were dismissed to the ch. in Templeton, Apr. 26, 1772, — since PhiUipston. \Thaddfus, b. Mar. 12, 1745 ; m. Nov. 16, 1769, Bethiah Muzzy. Sarah, b. Mar. 24, 1747; m. Nathaniel Page, of Bed. Eunice, b. Jan. 20, 1751 ; m. Francis Bridge, Feb. 11, 1773. Oliver, b. July 25, 1763 ; moved to Virginia and settled ou the Ohio River, and gave his name to the place, viz. , Brownville. Solomon, b. Jan 15, 1767. He was not only one of the heroes of the 19th of Apr. 1776, but he commenced his patriotic labors the day preceeding. He was the first who brought the intelligence into Lex. that a number of British officers were on their way from Boston ; and when they had passed above Lex. he was one who volunteered to follow them and watch their movements. He was taken prisoner and detained several hours on the evening of the 18th, which of course prepared his mind for the events of the fol lowing day. Subsequently he removed to Vt. \James, b. Oct. 13, 1758; m. May 30, 1780, Betty Reed. Buhamah, b. Apr. 23, 1761 ; m. Sept. 20, 1780, Thaddeus WeUing ton, of Walt. Susanna, b. June 17, 1764; m. June 19, 1783, Samuel Downing. Nathan, b. Sept. 5. 1766 ; m. Lydia Muzzy, Dec. 26, 1788. Lucy, b. Jan. 17, 1770; m. Joseph Converse, of Bed. Nathaniel B. Brown m. Abigail . They were ad. to the ch. Oct. 6, 1766, and dismissed 1783 to the ch. in Lunenburg. Susanna, bap. Oct. 24, 1766. Nathanid, bap. Mar. 26, 1769. 53 Abigail, bap. Apr. 26, 1767. 66 Anna, bap. Feb. 3, 1771. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 29 21-38- 38-56 5768 59 6061 23-42- 42-62 63 23-47- 47-64 66666768697071 72 23-50- 38-58- 68-73 747576 77 7879 Francis Brown m. Feb. 16, 1764, Mary Buckman, dau. of John and Mary (Fiske) Buckman, of Lex. b. Dec. 27, 1749. They were ad. to the ch. Nov. 24, 1765. He was one of that gaUant band which boldly stood before the British troops on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. He met the enemy in the morning, and on their flight from Concord they were again met by Capt. Parker's co. in Lincoln, where Brown received a very severe wound, — a ball entering his cheek, passed under his ear, and lodged in the back part of his neck, from which it was extracted the year following. But notwithstand ing this severe casualty, he commanded the Lex. co. in 1776, and lived about twenty-five years after the event. Mary, b. Dec. 2, 1765 ; m. Charles Harrington, Dec. 18, 1786. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 30, 1770; m. 1799, Samuel Stearns, of Walt. \James, b. July 23, 1773 ; m. Pamela Munroe. Sarah, b. Aug. 20, 1775 ; m. Nov. 5, 1798, Thomas Stearns, of Walt. Rebecca, b. Feb. 10, 1778 ; m. James Perry, of West Camb. \John, h. Apr. 16, 1779 ; m. Nancy Steams, of Walt. Thaddeus Brown m. Nov. 16, 1769, Bethiah, dau. of Amos and Esther (Green) Muzzy. They resided in Lex. till 1785, when they removed to Templeton, to the ch. of which they were dismissed. Thaddeus, h. in Lex. Sept. 30, 1770. Ashbel, h, in Lex. Oct. 11, 1772 ; d. unm. James Brown m. May 30, 1780, Betty Reed, dau. of Hammond and Betty (Simonds) Reed, b. Dec. 12, 1767. They were ad. to the ch. Apr. 4, 1781. He was subsequently a dea. of the ch. It is a singular fact that he was the fourth Brown who filled that office in Lex. ch, James, b. Apr. 22, 1781; d. Oct., 1783. Betty, b. June 30, 1783 ; m. Sullivan Burbank, 1803. ] James, b. Oct. 4, 1786 ; m. Betsey Dudley, of Con. ^Leonard, h. Jan 3, 1788 ; m. Dorcas Munroe. ' Eliab, b. Sept. 4, 1790 ; m. Mary White ; no issue. Nabby, h, Dec. 1793 ; d. Sept. 1794. Nobby, b. June 27, 1795 ; m. Ebenezer Pierce. Hiram, h. Feb. 12, 1798 ; d. about 1824, unm. Madison, b. May 1, 1802 ; d. about 1832, unm ; was fonnd dead in his bed. Nathan Brown, m. Dec. 26, 1788, Lydia, dau. of William Muzzy. They moved to PhiUipston, where they had a family Their first two children were born in Lex. Nathan, bap. Aug. 29, 1790, and Lydia, bap. Jan. 10, 1793. Jambs Brown, m. Oct. 19, 1799, Pamela, dau. of Edmund and Rebecca Munroe. They were ad. to the ch. May 2, 1813, and five of their children were baptized the next Sabbath. Pamela, b. July 29, 1800 ; m. May 18, 1823, Jonas Stone Fiske. ^Francis, h. Aug. 29, 1802 ; m, Caroline M. Kuhn. Harrid, b. Sept. 28, 1804; m. Oct. 10, 1832, Edmund A. Chapman. Charlotte, b. Nov. 11, 1806 ; m. Oct. 10, 1832, WiUiam Gleason. ]EdmundM., b. Feb. 13, 1809; m. Harriet Whitney. Charles, b. June 3, 1812, d. Jan. 1, 1813. \Charles, b. May 2, 1816 ; m. Sarah Ann Sumner. 62 30 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 38-61- 61- 80 81 82 83 84 86 86 87 47-66- 66- 8991 47-67- 67- 92939496969798 99 58-74^ 58-77- 77-100 102 68-79- 79-103 104 John Brown, m. Nancy Steams of Waltham. Caroline, b. June 5, 1802. Mary S., b. May 9, 1804; m. July 28, 1826, John Beals. John S., b. Sept. 14, 1806. Susanna W,, h. May 24. 1808 ; m. Apr. 23, 1831, Wm. Proctor. Horatio, b. July 24, 1809 ; m. Apr. 22, 1832, Susan H. Johnson. Ann, b. Oct. 16, 1811. Louisa Amanda, b. Sept. 14, 1813. Hannah E., b. Nov. 10, 1816. 88 Jane I„ b. Nov. 23, 1822. James Brown, m. Elizabeth Dudley of Concord, June 9, 1811. Benjamin, b. Aug. 23, 1813, Lucy E., h. Feb. 20, 1820 ; m. 90 Oliver, b. July 28, 1817. — Rogers of Manchester, N. H. Leonard Brown, m. Nov. 26, 1810, Dorcas, dau. of Nathan and Elizabeth (Harrington) Munroe, b. Mar. 31, 1788. Elizabdh, b. June 16, 1811 ; d. Mar. 2, 1820. Mary, b. May 9, 1814; d. Mar. 3, 1820. Leonard, b. Mar. 19, 1818 ; d. Sept. 4, 1819. Leonard, b. Feb. 24, 1821 ; m. Sarah Ann Goodnow of Stow, re sides at Lowell. Elizabdh, b. Mar. 8, 1823 ; m. EUas V. Blodgett. Mary, b. July 30, 1825 ; m. George Patch of Littleton. Hiram, b. July 20, 1827 ; m. Cyntha Farrar of Walt, resides in Arlington. Nathan, b. Feb. 8, 1830 ; m. Hannah E. Fiske, Mar. 7, 1862. Francis Brown, m. Jan. 1, 1833, Caroline Matilda Kuhn, dau. of John and Sarah of Boston, b. Dec. 16, 1812. He is a merchant in Boston, has represented the city in the General Court, and in the city government, and has for a long period held by appointment of Governor, the office of Inspector of butter and lard. They have had at least two children — Francis H., b. Aug. 8', 1836; grad. at H. C. 1867 ; and Horace S., b. Aug. 9, 1847 ; d. May 30, 1848. Edmund M. Brown, m. May 1, 1835, Harriet Whitney of Wat. b. Nov. 15, 1812. Edmund M., b. Oct. 30, 1837. 101 James H., b. Oct. 26, 1839. WUliam H, b. Jan. 2, 1841. Charles Brown, m. May 9, 1839, Sarah Ann Sumner, dan. of James and Sally Sumner. She was b. Jan. 27, 1820. He repre sented the town in the General Court, 1854. Charles F., b. Oct. 9, 1842 ; d. same day. Ellen Maria, b. Nov. 28, 1843. THE BRYANT FAMILY. Josiah Bryant, son of Josiah and Lydia (Green) Bryant, of South Reading, was. b. June 20, 1778. He m. Aug. 28, 1803, Sally Withington, of Dorchester, dau. of Edward and Eunice (Tucker) Withington, b. Mar. 24, 1778. He probably came to Lex. about the time of his marriage, as his wife was ad. to the ch. the year after. He d. Nov. 14, 1837. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 31 1-5- 5- 6 7 8 1011 Susanna T., h. July 11, 1804; m. May 18,1834, William D.Phelps. Cynthia, b. Oct. 7, 1806; m. Oct. 11, 1830, Benjamin Shurtleff, Jr. Sally, b. July 13, 1809 ; m. Feb. 8, 1830, Charles EUms. jAlbert Withington, b. Feb. 16, 1814; he has been twice married. Albert W. Bryant m. May 9, 1888, Elizabeth Wellington, dau. of MarshaU and EUzabeth WeUington. She d. July 16, 1840, and he m. Aug. 23, 1841, Nancy W. Wellington, sister of his first wife. He has filled the office of selectman and assessor, and has been town clerk 23 years. He also has a commission of justice of the peace. Josiah, b. Mar. 13, 1839. He was in the service nine months in the late rebellion. Albert W,, b. Jan. 4, 1844; d. Oct. 26, 1847. Arthur W.,'h. July 20, 1847. 9 Edwin P., b. Aug. 31, 1860. Anna Elizabdh, b. Nov. 12, 1866. Clifford W„ b. Oct. 11, 1859. THE BUCKMAN FAMILY. Though the Buckmans were somewhat connected with the history of Lexington in 1775, they were not among the early settlers. When they came to Lex. I have not ascertained with certainty. John Buckman was in the town, and was chosen to the office of hog con stable in 1740, which might imply that he had just settled in the world, and the date of the birth of his first child rather confirms us in that opinion. From what place he came, I am not able to say; but as the Buckmans, or Bucknams, as the name was at first generally spelled, were very numerous in Maiden, it is highly probable that the Lex. Buckmans originated there. John Buckman m. 1739, Mary Fiske, dau. of Dr. Robert. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 16, 1745. He d. Feb. 17, 1763, ¦J aged 51 ; she d. Feb. 10, 1768, in the 48th year of her age. 1- 2 Mary, b. Dec. 27, 1740; m. Feb. 16, 1764, Francis Brown. 3 ^John, b. Apr. 2, 1745 ; m. July 21, 1768, Ruth Stone. 4 Sarah, b. Jan. 3, 1748 ; m. June 12, 1766, Jonas Stone. 6 Elizabdh, b. Jan. 11, 1763. 6 Ruth, b. Dec. 30, 1755. 1-3 3- 78 10 John Buckman, m. July 21, 1768, Ruth Stone, dau. of Samuel and Jane Stone. He resided in the house now occupied by Rufus Merriam, which he kept as a public house. It was here that Capt. Parker, and his patriotic men assembled on the evening of the 18th of April, 1776 ; and from this house they issued on the approaph of the British the next morning. Shots were fired from this house upon the British, after they had attacked the Americans upon the Com mon, and some of the clapboards to this day give evidence that the fire was returned. John Buckman stands enrolled as a member of Capt. Parker's company. He had but one child by his first wife, who d. Sept. 8, 1778, aged 33. He m. as a second wife, Sept. 28, 1784, Sarah Weld, who d. Nov. 16, 1801, aged 43. He d. Dec. 21, 1792, aged 48. John, b. Sept. 12, and d. Sept. 22, 1771. Sarah, b. Feb. 19, 1786. 9 John, b. May 7, 1787. Hmry, b. Aug. 6, 1788. 11 Polly, b. Apr. 19, 1790. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. There were several other Buckmans mentioned in our records at an earlier date than those mentioned above; but it is doubtful whether they resided here permanently. We wiU give the record as we find it. Paul Buckman, bap. Apr. 26, 1734. Benjamin, son of Joseph Buckman, bap. June 12, 1737. Jacob Buckman, m EUzabeth Munroe, Jan. 1, 1787. They had Bowen, b. Apr. 19, 1788 ; and Dennis and WUlis, twins, b. May 13, 1794. THE BURBANK FAMILY. Col. Burbank came to Lexington in 1801. His father, Samuel Burbank, had two wives, by whom he had twelve chUdren. His first wife died ; and he married Eunice Kendall, of Sherborn. She was a daughter of Benjamin Kendall of that town, who originated in Lex. being a son of Thomas Kendall, who resided in this town. Samuel Burbank was a soldier of the Revolution. He was a Lieutenant at the Battle of Bunker HiU. He afterwards commanded a company which marched to Rhode Island, where he served under General Sullivan, for whom his oldest son was named. After the birth of Sullivan, he moved from HoUiston to Fitchburg, and subsequently to Cavendish, Vt. where he died. Daniel, one of his sons, was killed accidentally at a military muster in Westminster. Sullivan Burbank, the oldest son of Samuel and Eunice (Ken dall) Burbank, was b. in HoUiston, Oct. 8, 1776, and m. 1803, Betsey, dau. of James Brown, of Lex. He came to Lex. 1801, and opened a store in the viUage. In 1812 he received a commission as Lieutenant of infantry in the United States service. He acted at first as a recruiting officer in Lex. and Boston ; but marched in August to Plattsburg, and on the winter foUowing was again detaUed on the recruiting service. In April, 1813, he marched with about ' one hundred recruits first to Greenbush, N. Y., and then to Sackett's Harbor ; and arrived at that post just in season to assist in repelling the attack of Sir George Provost, on the 29th of May. Remaining at Sackett's Harbor during the summer, he moved with the army under Gen. Wilkinson down the St. Lawrence in- November, 1813, and was in the action at Cristler's Fields on the llth of that month, and went into winter quarters at French Mills. Early in the spring, he retumed to Sackett's Harbor, and thence to Buffalo. On the 3d of July, 1814, he crossed with the troops into Canada, was in the battle of Chippeway on the 6th of that month, and at the more san guinary battle of Niagara on the 26th. Being in Col. Miller's regi ment, he was one of the gaUant spirits who stormed the enemy's battery, which commanded the field, and thus turned the fortunes of that desperate stmggle. In this charge, rendered memorable by the noble daring of the regiment, and the modesty of Col. Miller, who, when asked if he could silence that battery, meekly repUed, " I will try, Sir,^^ Capt. Burbank received a severe wound in the shoulder. For his bravery aud good conduct in that action, Capt. B. received the brevet rank of Major. On the reduction of the army in 1815, consequent upon the term ination of the war, Brevt. Maj. Burbank was retained in the service, a Captain in the 5th Regiment of infantry. On the peace establish ment, Maj. B. has served at almost every part on the frontier from the St. Lawrence to the Sabine. He was stationed first at Detroit, then at Fort Gratiot at the outlet of Lake Huron, then at Fort GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 33 1- 23 4 1- 23 46 1-2- 2- 7 9 1-4- . Snelling at the junction of the Minnesota and Mississippi, under the gaUant Colonel in honor of whom the Post was named. He was then detached to Fort Armstrong, (Rock Island,) where he had the command about four years. In 1828, he was stationed at Jefferson Barracks, Mo., thence he was given the command at Fort Mackinaw: About this time he was promoted to the rank of Major in the 7th Regiment, and ordered to Fort Gibson, Arkansas ; thence to Fort Towson on the Red River ; thence to Fort Jessup, La., and thence again to Fort Gibson. At this time he was promoted to the rank of Lieut. Col. and ordered to Fort Winnebago, near Portage City, Wis. After this Col. Burbank was ordered to New York to act as general superintendent of the recruiting service for the army. Feeling the inlirmities of age. Col. Burbank, in 1839, resigned his commission, and being honorably discharged, he retired to private life. He was highly respected as a man and a citizen. He repre sented the to-wn of Lex. in the General Court in 1846, and 1847. He died Sept. 30, 1862, aged 86. She d. Mar., 1860, aged 77. Lorenzo, b. Feb. 28, 1804 ; m. Mary Ann Alexander, of Charles town. They resided in Somerville, and subsequently in Lex. Daniel, b. August 29,. 1805; d. June 14, 1810. Sidney, b. Sept. 26, 1807. He was- graduated at West Point in 1829 as a Lieut, and entered the service of the United States. He served in the Florida War, and during the war with Mexico was in command of Fort Scott. He was promoted to the rank of Capt., and then to that of Major. He was also in the service of his coun try in the late rebeUion, being true to the old flag. He m. at West Point, Isabella Slaughter, dau. of Sheriff Slaughter, of Cul pepper Co., Va., by whom he has several children. Ophelia, } , -pgj. 27 ^g^g . ^ d. 1818. Paulina, ^ ' ' ' ' ^ m. , Pelatiah P. Peirce, of Lex. Odavia, b. Apr. 18, 1812 ; m. , 1837, Charles Sumner Jacobs, of Medford. She d. Jan. 20, 1867. THE BURDOO FAMILY. As God has made of one blood all nations of men, there is no reason why we should not notice a very respectable colored family, which resided many years in town, and discharged all the duties of citizens. Philip Burdoo resided on the Bedford road, nearly opposite the old Simonds Tavern House. His wife was ad. to the ch. Dec 26, 1708. The record of the family, though probably incom plete, is as follows. iPhilip, bap. Apr. 10, 1709 ; m. Mary -, about 1738. Eunice, bap. Apr. 10, 1709 ; d. Feb. 28, 1720. fMoses, bap. Apr. 9, 1710; m. Feb. 13, 1764, Phebe Banister, Con. Aaron, bap. July 27, 1712. 6 Phinehas, bap. July 31, 1716. Philip Burdoo, m. Mary . Philip, hap. Oct. 21, 1739. 8 Mary, bap. Feb. 18, 1742. Silas, ?*nd a child which d. Oct. 13, 1766. Moses Burdoo, m. Phebe Banister of Con. and had Eli, bap. July 20, 1766, and probably other children. Tradition says that some of this family moved to Vt. where they were highly respected, and some of them promoted to public office. 1- 23 46 6 1-3- 3- 78 1 6- 6-10 12 1314 1516 17 18 1- 23 5 6 78 9 11 1213 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. THE BUTTERS FAMILY. Joshua Butters was b. in Wilmington ; m. Susanna Peters, b. in BurUngton. They resided in Boston, where their children were born. He d. 1840 ; she d. 1824. Joshua, b. . \Charles A„ b. May 7, 1808 ; m. Sarah A. VUes. George W,,\i. . Susan, b. ; m. John Tidd, of Wo. ^Sydney, h. May 22, 1817 ; m. Almira R. Blodgett. Charles A. Bdtters m. Oct. 3, 1834, Sarah A. VUes, b. Mar. 17, 1810, dau. of John VUes of Lex. Frank V„ b. Apr. 8, 1837; m. May 4, 1862, Lizzie Hastings, of Con. They have AUce H., b. Nov. 11, 1864 ; Charles A., b. Oct. 6, 1867. Sarah Louisa, b. July 3, 1839. 9 Ella F,, h, Sept. 15, 1844. Sydney Butters m. Apr. 28, 1844, Almira R. Blodgett, dau. of James. He was nine months in service in the late rebeUion. George S., b. May 2, 1845. 11 Jason W,, b. Jan. 29, 1848. Josephine Augusta, b. Nov. 11, 1849. James Francis, b. Mar. 17, 1852 ; d. Apr. 15, 1854. Charles Francis, b. Mar. 23, 1864. William Henry, b. Aug. 31, 1866 ; d. July 17, 1867. Willidta, b. May 17, 1858 ; d. May 19, 1858. Willie, b. May 13, 1869. Freddy Ellsworth, b. July 1, 1862. THE BUTTRICK FAMILY. Isaac Buttrick, b. in PeppereU, Dec. 8, 1809, went to Con. in 1825, where his ancestors probably resided. From Con. he came to Lex. in 1830, and m. 1834, Abigail Locke. He was a Captain in the miUtia.Matilda, h. Aug. 17, 1835 ; d. Aug. 31, same year. Isaac F., b. Mar. 31, 1836. He enUstedfor 3 years, was wounded and discharged. Charles F., b. June 8, 1838; m. Aug. 6, 1861, Eunice L. Glacier, Som. He was 3 years in the army of the Potomac. Mary H„ h. Oct. 4, 1840. Lydia, h, Sept. 30, 1842 ; d. July 18, 1868. Jonas M„ b. Feb. 10, 1846. William, b. Jan. 11, 1847 ; d. Nov. 4, 1863. Ella, b. Sept. 20, 1848. 10 Volney, b. Mar. 26, 1860. Eugene, b. Sept. 25, 1851 ; d. Sept. 26, 1854. Eugenia, b. Mar 9, 1854; d. May 25, 1856. Oscar, b. Aug. 12, 1857. THE CALDWELL FAMILY. There are a few instances in which the name of Caldwell appears on Lex. records. They probably came from Wo. Adam Caldwell by wife Phebe had Phebe, b. Mar. 26, 1743; GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 35 Sybil, b. May 16, 1745, m. Feb. 1, 1767, Samuel Fletcher ; Mary, b. Mar. 6, 1747 ; Ruth, b. Feb. 7, 1749.— There were a few of the same name some fifty or sixty years later, who were from Burlington. THE CAPELL FAMILY. Curtis Capell, b. Nov. 17, 1806 ; m. May 2, 1832, Mary Au gusta Brown, b. Apr. 2, 1812. WUliam C, b. Feb. 10, 1833. Mary E,, b. Nov. 23, 1834; m, Sept. 1, 1855, Sylvester S. Crosby. Henry, b. Apr. 27, 1838 ; m. Nov. 26, 1862, Augustine Hutchinson. Jonas F., b. Mar. 6, 1842. He enlisted in the service of the United States in 1861, in the 16th Mass. Reg., was made sergeant, pro moted to 2d Lieut., 1st Lieut, Capt., and Maj. by brevet. Francis H., b. Sept. 6, 1844. He enlisted in the 9 months' service in the late rebellion, and subsequently entered the regular army. THE CARLY FAMILY. William Carly was taxed in Lex. in 1695. He d. May 12, 1719, aged 86. Mrs. Jane Carly, probably his wife, d. July 12, 1719, aged 70. Elizabeth Carly d. June 3, 1719, aged 34. Rachel Carly, an insane woman, had a guardian, and was taken care of by the town. She d. Sept. 11, 1725. Sarah Carly m. Oct. 28, 1714, Richard Arms. THE CHANDLER FAMILY. The Chandlers, though a prominent family in Lexington for the last century, were not among the early settlers of the town. They came here from Con. about 1757. An impression has prevailed in the family that they descended from John Chandler, one of the early proprietors of Con. ; but I am satisfied that this is not the fact. The Chandlers who came to Lex. were from a different stock. Shattuck, in his valuable history of the town of Concord, tells us that the Chandlers of that town we.re the descendants of Roger Chandler, who was one of a co. most of whom were from Plymouth, which had a grant of land in Con in 1658; that R,oger Chandler was employed by Dolor Da*is to build a house there. Dolor Davis was originaUy from the Plymouth Colony, and represented Barn stable in the General Court of that colony. He afterward came to Cambridge, and was one of the original proprietors of Groton. Do lor Davis was the ancestor of a large number of Davises, among whom was the late Governor Davis of.Worcester. Who Roger Chandler was I cannot state with certainty. We find in the early records of Plymouth Colony the names of Dolor Davis, Roger Chandler, John Chandler, Edmund Chandler, and Samuel Chandler. The latter was in 1637 warned to appear before the court, to answer fbr the heinous crime of " shooting off three guns in the' night tyme, as if it were an alamm." These Chandlers had grants of land in and about Duxbury, where that name has been common. Roger must have d. before 1666, as the Court of that year made a grant of land to his children, "he being deceased." The Roger who settled in Con. was undoubtedly a son of some of these Chandlers, and most Ukely of Roger, of Plymouth ; and he probably came to Con. with Dolor Davis, the old friend of his father. !(6 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 46 6 1-3- 3- 78 9 10 1112 1314 3-10- 10-16 16 18 19 2021 22 But be this as it may, the Con. records clearly show that Roger was the ancestor of the Con. Chandlers, and that the Lex. Chandlers were a branch of the same stock. They were considerably numer ous, and were highly respected in Con. Roger Chandler was one of a company of twenty persons, mostly from Plymouth, which had a grant of land in Con. in 1668. Hem. in 1671, Mary Simonds, of Con. He d. 1717; and she d. 1728. They left several children. In his wiU, dated 1706, and proved 1717, he speaks of Samuel as his only son, and of his daughter Mary Heald, Abigail Brown, and of his youngest dau. Hepzibah Jones. Mary, b Mar. 3, 1672; m. John Heald, of Con. ^Samud, b. Mar. 3, 1673 ; m. 1695, Dorcas Buss. Joseph, b. Aug. 7, 1678; d. Dec. 4, 1679. AbigaU, b. Mar. 31, 1681 ; m. Ebenezer Brown. Hepzibah, b. ; m. first, Jones, second, Joseph Fletcher. Samuel Chandler m. Dec. 11, 1696, Dorcas Buss. He d. 1746. His -wUl, proved that year, mentions sons Samuel, James, and Jo seph, and dau. Mary, Huldah, and Rebecca. He was engaged in the land speculation so common at that day, — being one of the peti tioners, in 1726, for the large tract lying between Turkey HUl (now Lunenburg) and Rutland. He was also one of the proprietors of the town of Grafton. He was town treasurer from 1723 to 1727, and representative from 1729 to 1736. Elizabdh, b. Apr. 6, 1696 ; d. Oct. 18, 1720, unm. Mary, b. Sept 22, 1699 ; m. Joseph Dudley, Oct. 2, 1718. Joseph, b. Oct. 11, 1701 ; d. Jan. 31, 1746. '[Samud, b. Oct. 19, 1704; m. Dinah . John, b. Jan. 11, 1707 ; d. May 3, 1730. Huldah, b. July 5, 1709 ; m. Sept. 28, 1731, Ebenezer Flagg. Rebecca, b. Dec. 2, 1711 ; m. Davis. James, b. Aug. 28, 1714. He m. first, in 1737, Mary Flagg; she d. and he m. second, in 1756, Mary Whittaker, of Carlisle ; she d., and he m. third, in 1766, Mary Melvin. Among his children were James, Joseph, and Jonathan. James settled in New Ipswich, N. H., where he became a prominent citizen, and for thirty years was a deacon of the church. His descendants settled in different parts of the country. His son Roger settled in New Ipswich, and was the father of Rev. Seth Chandler, of Shirley. Joseph was for many years a dea. of the Con. ch., and a prominent citizen in the place. • He represented the to-wn from 1799 to 1808. He d. Jan. 19, 1813, of a cancer, aged 64. Samuel Chandler m. Dinah about 1730. His wUl, proved Nov. 17, 1754, mentions wife Dinah, sons Samuel, Jonas, Nathan, and Daniel, and dau. EUzabeth and Mary. Son John appointed executor. \John, b. Nov. 26, 1731; m. Beulah Merriam, of Lex. Samud, b. May 29, 1734. 17 Jonas, b. Feb. 27, 1737. Nathan, h. Julv 12, 1739. He was a soldier in the French war in 1760 ; d. 1760. Danid, b. Jan. 23, 1741. Ebenezer, b. Mar. 21, 1743 ; d. Dec. 21, 1762. Mary, h. Mar. 21, 1746; m. WiUiam Muzzey, of Hubbardaton. Elizabdh, b. Oct. 4, 1749. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 37 10-16- 15-23 24 25 26 2728 15-23- JoHN Chandler, m. July 12, 1767, Beulah Merriam, dau. of Jo seph and Mary (Brewer) Merriam, of Lex., who was b. Aug. 2, 1730. The Chandlers spoken of above were all of Con. John probably resided in that part of Con. which was included in Lincoln, when it was erected into a town in 1754, as his marriage is recorded as of Lin. He came to Lex. and erected a house on the present Lincoln St., near his father-in-law's, where he spent his days. He held a commission under Gov. Bernard as " Cornet of His Majesty's Blue Troop." His sword, holsters, and a part of his commission are pre served by the family, and were in the hands of his grandson, the late Samuel Chandler. Though he held a commission under the royal governor, he was not false to his native colony. He belonged to the Spartan band headed by Capt. Parker in 1776. He was a prominent man in town for a long period, and filled many offices, lie was one of the board of selectmen in the eventful period of the Revolution, was a member of the committee of correspondence, and filled other responsible stations. He was many years treasurer of the Ministe rial Fund, which he managed with great wisdom and fidelity. He d. Nov.. 22, 1810, aged 79, and she d. Feb. 9, 1813, aged 83. He was ad. to the ch. 1758. ^John, b. Dec. 31, 1758 ; m. Peggy Mack, of Salem. \Nathan, b. Feb. 24, 1762 ; m. Ruth Tidd. Sarah, b. Feb. 27, 1764; m. Oct. 26, 1786, Hammond Reed. Samud, b. Feb. 16, 1766 ; was grad. H. C. 1790, studied theology, and was ordained over the Second Church in Kittery, afterward Eliot, N. H., Oct. 17, 1792. He m. May 30, 1793, Lydia Spring, dau. of his predecessor in the parish, by whom he had a family. One son, Alpheus S. Chandler, was a physician in Columbia, Me. He d. 1829, aged 63. \Joseph, b. Sept 2, 1768 ; m. Hannah Bridge. Abiel, b. June 2, 1771 ; was grad. H. C. 1798 ; d. Feb. 11, 1799, unm. John Chandler, va. Jan. 12, 1786, Peggy Mack, of Salem, at which place he was residing at the time ; but the year following they removed to Lex. They were ad. to the ch. Jan. 9, 1791. He d. Oct. 19, 1804, aged 46 ; she d. Apr. 27, 1853, aged 87. He was a member of Capt. Parker's company, and was on the Common on the 19th of April. He was also in a detachment of the co. which were called to Cambridge on the 10th of May, and in another detachment which inarched to Cambridge on the 17th of June, 1775. In 1779, John Chandler, Jr., Joseph Loring, and Burdoo, a colored man fi'om Lex., entered the marine service under Commodore Tucker. Being on the southern coast, they were included in the capitulation of Charleston, S. C, by Gen. Lincoln, in 1780, and were confined as prisoners of war until they were exchanged. After enduring severe sufferings from confinement and want of provisions, they were ex changed, and Chandler and Loring, without money, and almost with out clothing, wended their way as best they could to their native home, depending upon the charity of the people, and reached Lex. in a destitute and wretched condition, after having been absent about one year. Such severe trials, though hardly known to the present generation, were common in those days, and show the price our fathers paid for freedom. Such sacrifices on their part should inspire their descendants with true patriotism. After the close of the war, he was actively engaged in the militia ; was elected captain in 1790, and promoted to the office of major in 1796. He was one of the selectmen in 1796, '97, '98. 63 38 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 23-29 303132 33 343636 37 38 15-24- 24-39 40 41 16-27- 27-42 434445 23-29- 23-30- \John, b. Nov. 6, 1786 ; m. Susanna Whitmore Reed. \Danid, b. Oct. 14, 1788 ; m. Susanna Downing. SaUy, b. Ap. 20, 1791 ; d. Mar. 15, 1815, ufim. Peggy, b. Jan. 15, 1793 ; m. May 9, 18,^3, Joseph Eaton,— no issue. Mary, b. Feb. 20, 1794; d. Oct. 19, 1818, unm. ^Samuel, b. Oct. 26, 1795 ; m. first, Lydia Muzzey, and second, Abigail Muzzey. Jonas, b. June 23, 1797 ; d. Apr. 6, 1814. Abiel, b. Mar. 21, 1799 ; d. in Taunton about 1862. Thomas, b. May 9, 1801 ; d. Sept. 2, 1838. Leonard, b. June 9, 1803 ; d. July 6, 1825. Nathan Chandler, m. Oct. 24, 1785, Ruth Tidd, only child of Lieut. WiUiam and Ruth (Munroe) Tidd, who was b. Oct. 11, 1767. He lived on Hanco.ck street, where Nathan Chandler now resides, it being the homestead of his father-in-law. He was a lieutenant in the Lex. artillery in 1793. He was selectman fifteen years, assessor eleven years, town clerk eight years, and treasurer thirteen years, representative eight years, and a senator and councillor four years, and was for a long time one of the principal magistrates in the town. Thus for many years he was one of the most popular and influential citizens in the place. He d. Mar. 14, 1837, aged 75, aud she d. Sept. 15, 1846, aged 80. Polly, b. Jan. 3, 1787 ; m. May 2i>, 1806, Nathaniel MiUUken. ^William, b. Oct. 4, 1788 ; m. first, Elizabeth Harrington, and sec ond, Mrs. Mary La Bart. ^Nathan, b. Mar. 3, 1792 ; m. Dec. 7, 1821, Maria H. Mead. Joseph Chaxdler, m. Sept. 29, 1791, Hannah Bridge, dau. of Major John and Hannah (Reed) Bridge, who was b. Apr. 30, 1771. He d. Oct. 26, 1807, aged 39, and she m. June 7, 1810, Dr. Thomas Whitcomb, who d. Oct. 8, 1713, aged 48. About three weeks before his death, Joseph and his wife o. c. at his residence, and his four children were dedicated to God in baptism. Hannah, b. June 26, 1794 ; d. Jan. 20, 1809, unm. Sarah, b. May 1, 1796 ; d. Feb. 10, 1800. Joseph, b. Feb. 26. 1801 ; d. Nov. 16, 1822. John 3., b, Dec. 11, 1806; d. Nov. 10, 1807. John Chandler, m. June 7, 1815, Susanna Whitmore Reed, dau. of Nathan and Mary (Page) Reed. He d. Feb. 28, 1817, aged 30. He was ardently devoted to the military, was chosen Captain when he was 23, and rose to the rank of Lieut. Col. and obtained his dis charge when lie was only 28 — a thing uncommon, especially at that period. He had but one child, viz. Sarah Chandler, b. Feb 27, 1816, who is now living. His wid. d. Dec. 1863, aged 77 years. Daniel Chandler, m. May 19, 1817, Susanna Downing, dau. of Samuel and Susanna (Brown) Downing. He entered the U. S. ser vice as an ensign in Mar. 1812, and on the breaking out of the war of 1812, marched in August to the frontier in Col. Tuttle's regi ment ; wintered in 1812 - 13 at French Mills, and was at Plattsburg in 1813. While on a hunting excursion he was severely wounded by the accidental discharge of a gun, and being unable to perform active duty, he was detailed on the recruiting service tUl 1814, when he retumed to the frontier. On the return of peace he resigned his commission, and returned to Mass. WhUe attached to the army he GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 39 30-46 474849 6061 52 63 23-34- was promoted to a Lieutenancy. He was five years superintendent of the Farm School on Thompson's Island in the harbor of Boston ; and was afterwards appointed superintendent of the House of Indus try, and also of the House of Reformation in the city of Boston. He erected the house in Lex. where J. C. Blasdel now resides, and was about to move into it, when he was attacked by the ship fever, and d. June 16, 1847, aged 59. His wid. d. Apr. 15, 1866, aged 77. Mary Jane Mack, b. Mar. 6, 1818 ; m. Hamilton Hutchins. Susan D., b. Dec. 6. 1819; d. Nov. 23, 1843, unm. Daniel, b. Sept. 8, 1822. He r. at Buffalo, Ni} Y. Delia, twin of Daniel, b. Sept. 8, 1822; m." Sept. 28, 1846, Ansel W. Putnam, by whom she had 2 children, Mary H., b. Sept. 20, 1847, and Clara D., b. Mar. 4, 1849. She d. Oct. 16, 1860. Patrick Henry, b. Mar. 9, 1824, r. in Boston. Sarah R., b. Sept. 30, 1826; d. Aug. 27, 1846, unm. Leonard, b. Aug. 4, 1828; m. Jan. 1848, Lucy Le Barpn. He d. in San Francisco, Mar. 22, 1848. John (?., b. Dec. 31, 1831. He grad. at West Point, 1854, and entered the service of the United States as a Lieut, of Artillery ; he has continued in the service to the present time, passing through the various grades to that of a Colonelcy in the regular army. He has served in California and in divers positions through the rebel lion. Samuel Chandler, m. Oct. 29, 1818, Lydia Muzzey, dau. of Amos and Lydia (Boutelle) Muzzey. She d. Aug. 12, 1830, and he m. Sept. 11, 1834, Abigail Muzzey, sister to his first wife. She d. April 24, 1840. He had 6 children by his first wife, and 3 by his last. Having rather a hereditary taste for military matters, he entered the service of the United States as an Ensign in 1814, and repaired to the cantonment at Pittsfield ; from thence he was detailed to conduct a body of British prisoners to Canada on exchange, and returned to Pittsfield. Soon after, the troops at that place were ordered to the Niagara frontier and arrived at Buffalo the latter part of July, the day before the battle of Lundy's Lane. But though this corps were not upon the lines in season to take part with the gallant Scott, Porter, jind Ripley, on the field of Bridgewater, they were in season to pass through another fiery ordeal more trying than any single battle however sanguinary. They were ordered to Fort Erie, which was early in August besieged by the British under Gen eral Drummond, and kept in a close state of investment about two months. During this period there were two desperate battles in which Lieut. Chandler participated — an assault by Drummond upon the Fort on the 15th of August, and a sortie from the Fort on the 17th of September, which induced Drummond to raise the siege. The severity of the engagements may be understood from the fact that) the American loss was returned at 696, and that of the enemy about 1700, including nearly 400 taken prisoners. After some slight skirmishes on the Niagara frontier, the army were ordered to pro ceed by forced marches to Sackett's Harbor, from an apprehension that that post inight be attacked by the enemy. On the return of peace, Lieut. Chandler was discharged, after a short but active and trying campaign, in which for five months in succession he and others never slept but with their clothes on. Though he held a commission as Lieut., during the greater part of the campaign he had the com mand of a CO., and during his term of service was promoted from a 3d to 1st Lieut. He was subsequently Major General in the Militia, and held the office of Sheriff of the County ten years. He also rep- 40 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 34-64 6566676859 6061 24-40- 40-62 63 6465 66 67 resented the County in the Senate of the State, and held the office of Justice of the Peace and- Trial Justice. He was many years an active member of the Middlesex Agricultural Society. He d. July 20, 1867, in his 72d year. John L., b. Oct. 6, 1820; m. Abby M. KimbaU, dau. of Porter Kimball, of Fitchburg. He resides at Memphis. He was in Mo. at the breaking out of the rebellion, when he entered the service, where he continued till the troops were discharged. He com menced as a Lieut., was in several severe battles, and for gallantry was advanced from time to time, till he reached the rank of Lieut. Col. He was on Fremont's staff, and afterwards Provost Marshal at Little Bock, Ark. Amos M., b. Nov. 26, 1821; d. Oct. 10, 1826. Almira M., b. Feb. 12, 1824. Amos M., b. Dec. 21, 1825 ; d. Aug. 11, 1836. Joseph, b. July 29, 1829 ; m. Oct. 27, 1866, Eleanor BaU. Henry L., b. Oct. 31, 1835. He went to Calcutta, where he spent some 8 years. Was there during the rebellion against British authority. Samud E., b. Sept. 2, 1837; m. 1864, Laura J. Alley. Edward T., b. Feb. 28, 1840. Joseph, Samuel, and Edward, were in the service of the U. S. in the late rebellion. Joseph was taken prisoner at the 2d Bull Run battle. Samuel was wounded and taken prisoner at the 1st Bull Run battle, and was carried to Richmond, where he was confined about 6 mo. He reenlisted into the 12th Reg., was made Quarter master Sergeant, and was discharged to accept the office of 1st Lieut, in the 7th Mo. Cavalry, and served as Adjutant. He should have been mentioned among the Lex. promotions in p. 308. William Chandler, m. Oct. 17, 1813, Elizabeth Harrington, dau. of Nathan and Elizabeth (Phelps) Harrington, of Woburn. Though Nathan Harrington resided within the bounds of Woburn, he was of the Lex. family, and his associations were with the Lex. people. She d. Sept. 30, 1847, aged 59, and he m. June 15, 1848, Mrs. Mary La Bart, of Lowell. She was a Munroe of the Lex. stock, and a granddau. of John Munroe. With a sort of family instinct he enlisted into the Rifle company, and in 1826 became the commander of that co. He has filled almost every office in the gift of the town, having been selectman, and many years assessor. He has represented the town in the Legislature, and has been for many years one of the principal magistrates in the place. Tryphena Harrington, b. Mar. 8, 1814; d. Mar. 2, 1830. WiUiam Tidd, b. June 17, 1816 ; m. Eliza Ann West, of Charles to-wn, where they reside. They have had seven children, four of whom are now living. Mary, b. May 22, 1819 ; m. Oct. 18, 1848, Warren Duren, then of Wo. but now of Lex. She was his 2d wife. No issue. Elizabeth, b. July 8, 1822 ; m. Abijah Blanchard, of Charle'stown, where they reside. They have three children. J. Quincy Adams, b, Sept. 17, 1824; m. Mar. 26, 1866, Sarah P. Dudley. They have one chUd. Nathan, b. Mar. 22, 1827; m. first, Dec. 17, 1852, Mary Jane Francis. She died, leaving, one child, and he m. second, Jan. 16, 1856, Mrs. Clara Wyman KimbaU, of Winchester. He resided in Boston, and had two children, one by each wife. He d. June 27, 1861. 1- 23 4 5 6 78 GENEALOGICAI, REGISTER. 41 Nathan Chandler, m. Dec. 7, 1821, Maria H. Mead, dau. of Josiah Meade. He resides on the old Tidd place on Hancock st. where his grandfather Tidd resided. He has no children. True to the spirit of the family, he was somewhat devoted to the military, having been captain of the Rifle company. THE CHILD OR CHILDS FAMILY. The family of this name have been very numerous in Watertown, Waltham, and several other neighboring towns ; but none of them were permanently in Lex. till about the middle of the last century. Abijah Child appears to have been the first who permanently located in the place. He came from Walt, about the time of his marriage in 1763, and was a descendant of one of the early settlers of Wat., of which Walt, was then a part. Joseph Child, of Wat., m. July 8, 1654, Sarah Platts, by whom he had several children, among whom was Joseph, b. June 6, 1659. Joseph Child was a carpenter by trade, and m. Sept. 23, 1680, Sarah Norcross. She dying, he m. July 25, 1705, Ruth Maddoek. He had eight chUdren, four sons and four dau. His youngest son, Isaac, va. July 2, 1729, Eunice Pierce. She d. Sept 19, 1793 ; he d. Feb. 7, 1789. They had eight children, five sons and three dau. Their flfth son, Abijah, settled iu the south part of Lex. Abijah Child m. Oct. 27, 1763, Sarah Cutler, dau. of Benj. and Mary -Cutler, of Lex. The record of the marriage speaks of them as " both of Lex.," by which we infei* that he came here, a young man, before he married. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Oct. 14, 1764. Mr. Child was a, respectable citizen, and filled several town offices. They had seven children, and were called to pass through a scene of affliction which rarely falls to the lot of parents. Six of their children were taken from them by death in the short space of twelve days. These children were interred in the old grave yard, and one long stone tells the sad tale of human mortality and parental affliction, well calculated to produce sober reflection and awaken sympathetic emotions in every parental breast. He d. Aug. 30, 1808 ; she d. Mar. 3, 1812 ; he in his seventy-first, and she in her seventy-eighth year. Sarah, b. Dec. 17, 1764; d. Aug. 28, 1778. Eunice, b. May 16, 1766 ; d. Aug. 23, 1778. Abijah, b. Aug. 1, 1767 ; d. Aug. 29, 1778. Abigail, b. June 18, 1771 ; d. Aug. 29, 1778. Benjamin, b. Nov. 16, 1773 ; d. Aug. 24, 1778. Moses, b, Sept. 1, 1776 ; d. Aug. 19, 1778. Isaac, b, Oct. 11, 1777 ; d. Nov. 20, 1811. This branch of the family became extinct. There have been Childs in town since that period, who belong to the same original family. Some of them have spelt their name with an s, Childs, but they are without doubt from the same stock. As in the preceding family, Joseph Childs, of Wat., by wife Sarah Platts, had Joseph, b. 1659, who m. 1680, Sarah Norcross, and had Joseph, b. June 21, 1686. He m. Mary Thatcher, and had, among other children, Jonathan, b, July 3, 1714, who by his wife Elizabeth had five chUdren. Joseph, his youngest son, b. Dec. 1761, m. Oct. 3, 1782, Lucy Parniinter. Moses, son of Joseph and Lucy, b. June 13, 1787, m. Aug. 5, 1810, Mary B., dau. of Thomas and Mary (Ball) Williams, of Marlborough, b. Apr. 4, 1786. Thomas Wil- HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 4 1- 23 1-2- liams was a direct descendant from Abraham Williams, one of the proprietors of Marlb. Moses Childs d. Feb. 14, 1811, and his wife Sept. 21, 1807, each aged 61. Luke Carter Childs, a son of Moses and Mary, was b. Mar. 16, 1811. He had one sister, Elizabeth W., b. Dec. 22, 1812. He m. Dec. 10, 1835, Rebecca A. Hale. He did business in Boston several years, and came to Lex. in 1849, and settled upon a farm. He built a neat rural cottage in a central part of his farm, which presents a fine appearance from the street. Caroline R., b. Dec. 3, 1836 ; dTi^b. 21, 1838. Henry M., b. May 17, 1839; d. Nov. 16, 1844. Ellen R., b. Oct. 17, 1841; d. Sept. 14, 1849. Mary E., b. Sept. 19, 1843. Edward H., b. Apr. 23, 1846 ; d. Sept. 12, 1849. Frank C, b. Apr. 21, 1849. There is still another Lex. family of the same name, and from the same parent stock. Augustus Childs, son of Isaac and Betsey Childs, of Walt., was b. Oct. 9, 1818; ra. Mar. 9, 1854, Eliza Ann Blodgett, dau. of Charles and Eliza Blodgett. She d. May 20, 1865, and he m. May 10, 1867, Mary Cunningham. He had by first wife, Charles A., b, Jan. 21, 1856 ; d. Oct. 18, 1861. Carlton A., b. May 20, 1865. THE CLAFLIN FAMILY. The name of Claflin scarcely appears on the records of Lex., and yet it seems that there was at an early day a family of that name in the place. Antipas Clajiin and Sara%, his wife, were ad. to the ch. July 31, 1709; and the town records show that they had the following issue. Sarah, b. Nov. 1, 1706. Noah, b, Apr. 12, 1710. 3 Robert, b. Mar. 13, 1708. 5 Nehemiah, b. Sept. 28, 1713. THE CLARKE FAMILY. We have had occasion to speak frequently of the Rev. Mr. Clarke, the devoted priest and ardent patriot, whose life and services are interwoven with the history of Lexington. We v/ill now present a genealogical view of the family. His ancestors were respectable, and possessed those stern qualities which form the basis of the New England character, to which we are indebted for much that is valua ble in society, even at the present day. Hugh Clarke, the ancestor of Rev. Jonas, came to this country early, and settled in Wat., where he had three children. .He after wards moved to Rox. He was admitted a freeman May 30, 1660, and was a member of the An. and Hon. Artillery Co. 1666. He d. in Rox. July 20, 1693. His wife, Elizabeth, d. 1692. \John, b. in Wat. Oct.. 1641. Uriah, b. June 6, 1644; was made freeman in 1685, and d. in Fra mingham, Feb. 24, 1725. Elizabdh, b. June 31, 1648; m. Joseph Buckminster, of Rox. John Clarke resided first in Rox. and afterwards moved to Newton. He probably had three wives, though the name of the first GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 43 2- 5 67 8 9 2-5- 5-10 11121314 5-12- 12-15 16 17 1819 2122 12-16- 16-23 24 I am unable to give. He m. second, Lydia Buckminster in 1680, and m. third, Elizabeth Norman in 1684. \JoTm, of Newton, m. 1697, Ann Pierce, of Dorchester. William, b. June 20, 1686 ; d. 1737. Ann, b, 1688 ; m. Apr. 24, 1712, John BiUings, of Con. Martha, b. 1690. 8i Esthei; b. 1692. Hannah, b. 1693. 9i Moses, b. 1695. John Clarice m. Ann Pierce, of Dorchester, in 1697. Mary, b. 1698. John, b. Sept. 22, 1700; d. in AValt. May 31, 1773. \Thoitias, b. 1704; m. 1728, Mary Brown; d. at Hopkinton, June 30, 1775. Isaac, b. 1707; ra. first. Experience Wilson; moved to Hop., had a second wife and numerous children. Atherton, m. Patience ; settled in Hop. and had chUdren. Thomas Clarke m. 1728, Mary Bowen, b. Dec. 1704. He d. at Hop. 1775, to which place he and his two brothers had removed. He was a captain when that office gave distinction and commanded respect. Peter, b. 1729. ^Jonas, b. Dec. 14, 1730; grad. H. C. 1752 ; settled at Lex. Thomas, b. June 8, 1732. Pennd, b. Mar. 18, 1734; d. 1736. Mary, b. 1736 ; d. same year. 20 Mary, b. Oct. 11, 1737. Peniiel, b. July 6, 1739 ; d. 1742. Sarah, b, and d. 1742. Jonas Clarke m. Sept. 21, 1757, Lucy Bowes. She was a dau. of Rev. Nicholas Bowes, of Bed. Her mother was Lucy Hancock, dau. of Rev. John Hancock, of Lex. Mr. Clarke was ordained at Lex. Nov. 5, 1755. In taking charge of the church and society in Lex. he became the immediate successor of his grandfather on the side of his wife. He d. Nov. 15, 1805, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and the fifty-first of his ministry. She d. Apr. 27, 1789. AVe have .spoken so .fully of the life and services of Rev. Jonas Clarke in the civil and ecclesiastical history of the town, that it is unnecessary' to extend a notice of him in this place. He had a family of twelve children, several of whom were distinguished in themselves and descendants, as will be seen by the foUowing brief sketch. Thomas, b, July 6, and d. Nov. 13, 1758. Thomas, b, Sept. 27, 1769; he moved from Lex. to Boston, and engaged in trade. He m. Sally Conant. In 1809 he was chosen town clerk, and continued in that office thirteen years. In 1822, Boston was converted into a city, and Mr. Clarke was chosen Clerk of the Common Council, an office which he held till his death, which happened in 1832. He held the two offices of town clerk and clerk of the common council twenty-three consecutive years, and died in office, in the seventy-third year of his age. The Presi dent of the common council, at a meeting of that board, June 1, 1832, announced the death of Thomas Clarke, Esq., and paid the foUowing tribute to his memory: "His private virtues and his long-tried and faithful public services are too well known and too highly appreciated by you to require any eulogium from me. He 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. has gone down to the grave in the fullness of yeais, and his memory is honored by the universal respect of his fellow-citizens." Jonas, b. Nov. 27, 1760. He moved, when a young man, to Kenne bunk, Me., where he m. Sally Watts. He enjoyed the confidence of the public, and was called to fill places of honor and trust He was collector of the port, and judge of probate for the county of York. Mary, b. May 4, 1762; m. Mar. 31, 1789, Rev. Henry Ware, of Hingham. He received the appointment of Hollis Professor of Divinity in Harvard University, and moved to Camb. and entered upon the discharge of his duties in 1805. He was a man of distin guished ability and of greatmoral worth, and adorned the office he was called to fill. He received from the University the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. She d. July 13, 1805, about the time he moved to Camb. and was buried in the family tomb at Lex. By his wife, Mary Clarke, Dr. Ware had ten chUdren — three sons and seven dau. four of whom d. in infancy. Henry Ware, Jr. their oldest son, grad. H. C. 1812, was ordained over the Second Church in Boston, 1817 ; but his health faUing him, he left his society and visited Europe. On his return, he was ap pointed Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and Pastoral Care in Har vard University. He d. Sept. 22, 1843, greatly lamented by all who knew him. WiUiam Ware, another son of Henry and Mary (Clarke) Ware, studied theology and settled first in New York city, and after wards at Walt, and West Camb., Mass. He was also distin guished as a writer. John, of Henry and Mary, turned his attention to the healing art, and settled in Boston, where he became one of the most distin guished iu his profession. He long filled the office of Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic in the Medical Department of Harvard University. Lucy Ware, of Henry and Mary, m. Rev. Joseph Allen, D.D. , of Northborough, by whom she had several children, two of whom, viz. Joseph H. Allen and Thomas P. Allen, are clergymen. Har rid Ware, sister of Lncy, m. Rev. Dr. Hall, of Providence, R. I. She d. June, 1838. One of their sons has entered the ministry. Elizabeth, b. June 24, 1763. She united with her father's church Apr. 25, 1784. She d. Dec. 5, 1843, unm. aged 80. William, b. June 20, 1764. He engaged in commercial pursuits in Boston, and in the prosecution of his business went to Amster dam. He was subsequently appointed Consul to Emden, the chief seaport of the kingdom of Hanover, and d. at Porto Rico in 1822, in the fifty-ninth year of his age. He was never married. Pder, b. Nov. 25, 1765. He commenced mercantile business in Berwick, Me., where he m. his first wife ; from Berwick he moved to Portsmouth, N. H. In the prosecution of the business of his calling, he sailed for Cadiz ; on the voyage he was captured by the French, and thrown into prison at Guadaloupe, where he con tracted a disease of which he died on his passage home. He m. for his second wife, Nancy Harris, of Concord, N. H. Lucy, b. May 2, 1767 ; m. June 17, 1787, Bev. Thaddeus Fiske, of West Cambridge, a faithful and popular clergyman. Lydia, b. Mar. 20, 1768 ; m. Aug. 13, 1789, Rev. Benjamin Green, of Medway. He subsequently left the ministry and entered the legal profession. He moved to Maine, where he was appointed Judge of one of their Courts, and afterwards Marshal of the District. 323334 36 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 45 Martha, b. Oct. 28, 1770 ; m. Nov. 3, 1791, Rev. WiUiam Harris, of Salem. He was a clergyman of the Episcopalian Church. He was invited to the city of New York, and finally made President of Columbia College in that city. Sarah, b, Nov. 10, 1774. She united with the church. May 17, 1807, and d. unm. Jan. 28, 1843, aged 69. Isaac Bowen, b. June 29, 1779. He commenced business in Boston, and d. suddenly, July, 1800. Henry, b. Nov. 29, 1780 ; m. May, 1812, Susan Grafton, of Salem. He commenced business in Boston, and afterwards moved to Ken nebunk, Me., where he was cashier of a bank. In 1834, he re turned to Boston, where he is now living in his 89th year. Mr. Clarke long held a commission as Justice and Notary. He has had but two children, both of whom are now living. Henry Graf ton was born May 14, 1814. He studied medicine, and resides in Boston, occupying a good position in his profession. Jonas Bowen, b. Jan. 16, 1816, was grad. at Dartmouth, 1839. He entered the ministry, was first settled in Conn. ; but his health failing him, he retupned to Massachusetts, and was settled in Swampscot. From this glance at the subject, it will be seen that but few fami- ilies can boast of distinction such as has fallen to the lot of Rev. Jonas Clarke's. Other persons by the name of Clarke. There were several persons by the name of Clarke in the town at different times, whose lineage we have not ascertained. In 1725, the selectmen laid out a "way for the accommodation of the farms that Daniel Hoar and Judah Clarke live on." In the earliest tax bill now extant, 1729, we find Judah Clarke and Judah Clarke, Jr., taxed, the former having two houses, and the latter one. They Uved in a part of the town now included in Lin. We will give what our records contain in relation to the Clarkes, without attempting to classify them. Richard Clarke, of Richard and M^ry, b. Feb. 3, 1719. Mary Clarke, of James and Jerusha, b. July 19, 1733. Ruth Clarke, admitted to the ch. by a recommendation from the Pastor of Rowley, Nov, 7, 1726. Mary Clarke, ad. to the ch. Feb. 8, 1728. Jonathan Clarke, bap. July 15, 1783, his parents o. c. Mary Clarke, of James, bap. July 22, 1733. Hannah Clarke, bap. Jan. 19, 1735. Eunice Clarke, ad. to the ch. May 30, 1736, and dismissed to Har vard, Aug. 9, 1741. James Clarke, dismissed to the ch. at Medfield, Jan. 18, 1746. He married Jerusha BuUard of Medfield, Nov. 19, 1730. Mary and probably Hannah, in the preceding list, were their chUdren. Judah Clarke, of Lex. m. Nov. 21, 1752, Mary Dudley, of Con. THE COMEE FAMILY. John Comee was in Camb. Farms at the organization of the Precinct in 1693, and was taxed to pay the minister for that year ; and also for the purchase of the ministerial land the same year. In 64 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 3 45 1-3- 101112 13151617 -10- 1697 he was on a committee to look after that land, and in 1711 was a subscriber to pay for the land purchased for a .flommon. He m. Jan. 21, 1688, Martha Munroe, eldest dau. of WiUiam and Martha Munroe. His wife was ad. to the ch. Feb. 1, 1699, and he o. c. shortly after ; and on the 26th of Feb. 1699, four of their children, John, David, Hannah, and Martha, were bap. We have no record of their births. He is probably the John Comee who d. July 20, 1723. She d. Mar. 27, 1730. He was of Con. in 1688, where he was m. 10-18 19 20 2224 3-16- John, b. — ^David, b. Hannah, b. Martha, b. 1749. ¦ ; m. Ruhama - ¦ ; d. May 26, 1770, unm. ; m. July 9, 1713, Benj. Smith, and d. Nov. 19, Elizabdh, bap. Feb. 1706. 7 Abigail, bap. Oct. 26, 1707. David Comee m. Ruhama Brown ? We have found no record of the marriage, but presume it was about 1719, from the birth of their first child, and from the other significant fact, that he was, in 1720, called to the responsible office of looking after the swine — a custom long prevaiUng of giving this honor to a newly married man. She was ad. to the ch. Aug. 14, 1720, and d. 1730. Hg ra. second, Sarah , by whom he had most of his children. The record of the family is not perfect. It seems that they buried at least two children in early infancy, one in 1720, and one in 1730. Whether they were some which are mentioned below is not perfectly clear. Sarah, his second wife, was ad. to the ch. May 28, 1738. David, jj. July 30, 1719 ; d. 1720. 9 John, bap. Sept. 26, 1726. ^Joseph, bap. Aug. 4, 1728. Benjamin, b. Nov. 15, 1733 ; m. Mar. 26, 1762, Hannah Watts, of Chelsea. Sarah, b. Sept. 11, 1736 ; m. Dec. 4, 1755, Isaac Parkhurst, Wat. Martha, b. Apr. 11, 1737. 14 Ezdcid, b. Apr. 27, 1740. Buhama, b. Apr. 15, 1742. •[David, b. Apr. 21, 1744; d. Mar. 8, 1826, at Gardner, aged 81. Jonathan, b. Apr. 4, 1746. Joseph Comee m. Mary . Joseph Comee was one of that patriot band who appeared in arms on the 19th of April, 1775. At the time of the approach of the British, he and two others were in the church to replenish their horns with powder. Seeing that the British were about to surround the house, Comee, in attempting to escape amid a shower of balls, was wounded in the arm. ;^"' I probably twins, 5 bap. Oct. 27, 1751. Joseph, b. July 1, 1763. 21 Mary, b. June 22, 1765. Aaron, b. Aug. 15, 1767. 23 Bdty, b. Mar. 23, 1760. Ruhama, bap. Nov. 14, 1762. ^b Benjamin, bap. July 7, 1765. Da-vbd Comee went to Camb. ;'m. first, Christiana Maltman, of Boston, and m. second, Hannah Maltman. He had fifteen children. He was in the battles of Lex., Banker Hill, and Bennington. He I moved to Gardner, where he d. Mar. 8, 1826, aged 81. His de- I Bcendants are in Gardner and Fitchburg at the present day. 1- 23 46 6 1- 2 4 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 47 THE COOLEDGE FAMILY. John Cooledge, the ancestor of Rev. Josiah Cooledge, came to this country about 1630, and settled in Wat., of which he was a pro prietor, and a leading citizen. By his wife Mary he had eight chil. Nathaniel, his fifth son, m. 1657, Mary Bright, and d. 1711. They had thirteen chil. Thomas, son of Nathl., b. Apr. 24, 1670, m. 1699, Sarah Eddy, who d. 1711 ; and he m. 1713, Mary Smith. They moved to Sherborne. He d. 1737. He had by his first wife three chU. David, the only son of Thomas, was b. June 25, 1705 ; m. Mary Mixer, and had six chil. David, the oldest chUd of the preceding, was b. Sept. 8, 1738, and d. of smaU-pox, 1788. He m. 1765, Dorothy Stearnes. They r. in Wat., and had eleven chil. Peter, the youngest son of David, was b. July 2, 1787, ra. June 28, 1813, Mary T. Munroe, of Camb. She d. Jan. 24, 1823, and he m. July 1, 1824, Mary P. Fiske, of Framingham, where he resided. He had six children. Josiah Cooledge, the second chUd of Peter, was b. Oct. 20, 1816, and m. May 1, 1844, Mehitable A. Fowle, of Boston. He entered the ministry and preached for a time in Shirley and other places, and was settled over the UniversaUst Society in Lex. in 1849. where he remained about four years. After leaving Lex. he moved to Meb-ose. He d. Oct. 5, 1865. Julia, b. Mar. 11, 1845 ; d. Sept. 11, 1847. Hden M,, b. Mar. 6, 1847. SAnna Hall, b. June 3, 1850. ? . . Julia, b. June 3, 1850. \ ^^^^^- . Henry, b. June 14, 1853 ; d. Oct. 8, 1854. THE COOPER FAMILY. There was a family of Coopers in Lex. whose lineage we have not traced, who probably came into the place about 1709. They may have come from Camb. John Cooper m. Elizabeth .' He sold his house and land in Lex. to John Palfrey, in 1719, and undoubtedly left town about that time. He lived in the southwest part of Lex. Elizabdh, b. May 9, 1699. 3 Hannah, b. Dec. 29, 1702. Sarah, b, Apr. 9, 1704. 5 Timothy, b. Apr. 9, 1706. Joshua, b. June 25, 1709. 7 Abigail, b, July 10, 1711. Ruth, b. Sept. 23, 1714. CROSBY, is a name which appears a few times upon our records ; but there appears to have been no permanent family of that name in Lex. Sampson Crosby, son of Sampson and Lucy, b. June 5, 1761. Joel, " b.Feb. 9, 1763. George Adams anA Elizabdh Crosby, both of Lex. m. Nov. 18, 1762. Ephraim Cook, Camb. and Hannah Crosby, of Lex. m. Jan. 20, 1778. They may have belonged to the Crosby family living in Bedford. Some of the name have been in town temporarily at later periods. 1- 23 4 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. THE CROWNINSHIELD FAMILY. Abraham W. Crowninshield, son of William and Sarah (Plumer) Crowninshield, was b. in Portland, Dec. 16, 1801. He m. Nov. 9, 1823, Sarah Byles Peters, b. in Portland, July 16, 1804. They settled in Charlestown, where their children were bom. • He was engaged in the furniture and upholstery business. In 1846 he came to Lex. and purchased a small farm, still continuing his business at Charlestown some years. He has filled the office of assessor several years, and has represented the district in the General Court. Sarah, b, Aug. 28, 1824 ; d. Sept. 20, 1824. Caleb S,, b. Nov. 17, 1825 ; m. Jan. 1, 1862, JuUa H. Christy. They r. in Brighton. Mary P., b, Feb. 3, 1828 ; m. Sept. 3, 1850, WiUiam H. H. Reed, of Lex. They have had several children, some of whom they have buried. They r. in Charlestown. William B., b. July, 1830; d. Jan. 2, 1838. Charles F,, b. Aug. 6, 1834; d. Dec. 9, 1837. George W., b. Dec. 23, 1836; d. Dec. 12, 1837. Sarah C, b. Apr. 23, 1839; m. June 20, 1866, Henry M. Loring, of Charlestown. THE CUTLER FAMILY. The Cutlers, always somewhat numerous in Lex., were among the earliest settlers in the place. They came to Lex. from Wat., and were the descendants of James Cutler. There is a tradition in the family, and English records, if they do not confirm, rather favor the position, that Sir Gervase Cutler, who married a daughter of the Duke of Bridgewater, was the ancestor of the Cutlers who came to America. But be this as it may, we feel assured that as early as 1685, James Cutler was in Wat., and was au original grantee of land in the northerly part of Wat., on the road to Belmont, and in 1649, James Cutler and Nathaniel Bowman purchased- of Edward Goffe 200 acres of land in Cambridge, adjoining Rock-meadow, near the Wat. line. In 1651, he sold his share to Bowman for £39. This was probably the land on which Bowman settled, near the present Une of Arling ton. It is probable that Cutler, and perhaps Bowman, moved from Wat. about this date. Cutler settled at Camb. Farms, near Concord, now Bed., line. A part of this farm was owned till recently by the wid. of John and heirs of Leonard Cutler. .His house was situated in the lot back of the present house, — the door step and appearances of the cellar still remain. This must have been one of the first houses erected in the precinct. He was b. about 1606, and probably married before he came to this country. His wife, Anna, was buried Sept. 30, 1644; and he m. second. Mar. 9, 1645, Mary King, wid. of Thomas King, of Wat., who d. Dec. 7, 1654. He m. third, Phebe Page, dau. of John, about 1662. He d. May 17, 1694, aged about 88. His wUl, dated Nov. 24, 1684, presented by his sons John and Thomas, and proved Aug. 20, 1694, mentions children James, Thomas, John, John Collar, Richard Park's wife; John Parmenter's wife, Sarah Wait, Mary John son, Hannah Winter, Joanna Russell (Philip's wife), Jemima, Sam uel, and Phebe. " This Ust includes two children of my wife, formerly wife of Thomas King, one of whom was Mary Johnson." (The Mary here alluded to was b. Feb. 2, 1643, and was m. Oct. 19, 1659, to John Johnson.) GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 49 1- 2 34 6 678 9 1011 12 1314 1-2- 2-15 16 17 1819 20 21 1-7- 7-22 23 24 25 2627 28 1-12- \James, b. Nov. 6, 1685 ; m. June 15, 1665, Lydia Wright. Hannah, b. July 26, 1638 ; m. John Winter, Jr. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 28, 1640; d. in infancy. Mary, b. Mar. 29, 1644; m. John Collar. Elizabdh, b. July 20, 1646 ; m. about 1667 John Parmenter, 3d, of Sud. i Thomas, b. about 1648 ; m. Abigail . Sarah, b. about 1653 ; m. Thomas Waite, of Camb. Farms ; ad. to the ch. in Wat. Feb. 2, 1690 ; d. in Weston, Jan. 17, 1744. Sarah, b. — ; m. Richard Park, and d. previous to 1690. She was a dau. of Thomas and Mary King, probably. Joanna, b, about 1660; m. Apr. 19, 1680, PhiUp Russell, and d. Nov. 26, 1703, in her forty-second year. Jemima, b. . ^John, b. May 19, 1663 ; d. Sept. 21, 1714. Samud, b, Nov. 18, 1664. Phebe, b. . James Cutler, of Camb. Farms, m. June 16, 1665, Lydia Wright, wid. of Samuel Wright, of Sud., and dau. of John Moore, of that town. He d. July 31, 1685, aged 60. His will, dated July 28, and proved Oct. 6, 1685, mentions wife Lydia, and chil. James, Samuel, Thomas, and Ann, and refers to other children without naming them. James, b. May 12, 1666 ; d. Dec. 1, 1690. Ann, b. Apr. 20, 1669; m. Sept. 26, 1688, Richard Blaise, of Wat. Samuel, }-L-\if a icyo S d. at Lex. Nov. 20, 1700. Joseph, S °- ^^^^ ^, 10'^ ; ^ probably d. Sept. 22, 1738. \John, b. Apr. 14, 1676. He removed to Killingly, Ct. \Thomas, b, Dec. 16, 1677 ; m. Sarah Stone. Elizabeth, b. Mar. 14, 1681. Thomas Cutler m. Abigail . They united with the ch. in Wat. July 31, 1687, and when a ch. was gathered in Lex. iu 1696, they removed their relation to it. He was a subscriber for the erec tion of the first meeting house, in 1692, and was chosen one of the assessors in 1694; and in 1700, when the parish performed what was formerly considered a very important duty, that of ' ' seating the meeting house," David Russell, John Mason, and Thomas Cutler, "were plast in y* second seat in y" front gallereye." He was a valuable and honored citizen, and was often employed in town busi ness, — was an assessor, constable, and selectman. He was also honored in the pubUc records with the title of lieutenant, no mean designation at that day. He d. July 13, 1722. Abigail, b. Oct. 31, 1674. Thomas, b. Jan. 19, 1678 ; probably the Thomas who had a son James, bap. Mar. 17, 1706. Mary, b. Mar. 16, 1681 ; m. about 1698, William Munroe, Jr., of Lex. Hannah, b. May 7, 1683 ; d. Feb. 25, 1704. ^James, bap. in Wat. Jan. 9, 1687. Jonathan, bap. in Wat. June 17, 1688 ; moved to Killingly, Ct. \Benjamin, b. in Lex. July 4, and bap. in Wat. Oct. 3, 1697. John Cutler m. Jan. 1, 1694, Mary Stearns, dau. of Isaac and Sarah (Beers) Stearns, who was b. Oct. 8, 1663. He owned the covenant Nov. 1, 1702, when four of his children were baptized. He was in the place, and was taxed in 1693 for the purchase of the HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 12-29 30 31 3233 2-19- 19-34 36 87 3839 41 2-20- 20-42 43 45 474849 7-26- 26-60 61 62 7-28- ministerial land, and was assigned a place " in y' front gallerye," in 1700, when they seated the meeting house. He must have resided on what is now Weston street, over the brook, on the southerly side of the old Concord turnpike. As early as 1714, John Merriam and Matthew Bridge were appointed a committee to lay a road to accbm- modate Nathaniel Stone, Joseph Stone, Robert Merriam, and John Cutler ; and the description of the road leaves no doubt of the gen eral situation of John Cutler's residence. It ran from Nathaniel Stone's house by various bounds to the " great rock," thence across the brook to Cutler's house. He d. Sept. 21, 1714 ; she d. Feb. 24, 1733. Samud, b. Dec. 20, 1694; probably d. May 12, 1742. \John, b. June 3, 1696 ; m. Jan. 9, 1724, Abigail Stone. Ebenezer, b, Jnly 24, 1700. Probably the Capt. Ebenezer Cutler of Weston, who m. Mar. 3, 1724, Anna Whitney, of Con., and d. in Lincoln, Jan. 17, 1777. Mary, b. Apr. 3, 1702 ; m. Feb. 7, 1724, Capt. Samuel Bond, of Weston, afterwards of Line. Sarah, b, Nov. 20, 1704; probably d. Jan. 12, 1749. John Cutler m. Hannah Snow, of Wo., Feb. 6, 1700. She was ad. to the ch. by letter from the ch. of Wo., July 6, 1702. They moved to Killingly, Ct., about 1713. They had eight children bora and baptized in Lex. Hannah, bap. Nov. 30, 1701. 35 Mary, bap. July 4, 1703. SUv.S *"'"'' ^^P-^^'y 29, 1705. Hezekiah, bap. Apr. 20, 1707 ; father of Manasseh, D. D. Dinah, bap. Sept. 4,. 1709. 40 Jemima, bap. May 27, 1711. Uriah, bap. May 29, 1713 ; went to Morristown, N. J., about 1740. Thomas Cutler m. Sarah Stone, dau. of Samuel and Dorcas Stone. She d. Jan. 10, 1760, in her sixty-ninth year. He o. c. June 6, 1703, and she joined the ch. July 4, 1708. He was constable in 1719, and selectman, 1729, '31, '33, '34. Abigail, b, June 2, 1703 ; m. Nov. 18, 1722, Joseph Bridge. \David, b, Aug. 26, 1705. 44 Amity, b. Dec. 19, 1707. Sarah, b. Jan. 17, 1710. 46 Mary, b. Nov. 8, 1714. Hannah, b. May 13, 1717 ; d. June 2, 1724. \Thomas, b, Apr. 30, 1719; d. 1760, of smaU pox. MilUcent, bap. July 29, 1722 ; d. Jan. 2, 1741. Jambs Cutler m. Alice ¦ He o. c. Apr. 17, 1716. James, b. Apr. 3, 1715; may have been the. James C. who d. at Salem 1795, aged 80. WiUiam, bap. Apr. 7, 1717. Thankful, (?) bap. Mar". 22, 1719. Benjamin Cutler m. Mary — and she was ad. to the ch. Feb. They o, c. June 28, 1724 18, 1728. After living together more than fifty years he d. Nov. 3, 1776, aged 79 years, and she survived him only three days, and d. Nov. 6, 1776, aged 76. Their names are both borne on one stone in the Lex. grave yard. He was constable in 1739 and 1741. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 51 28-63 64 65 5657 5869 60 12-30- 30-62 63 ¦ 64 6567 6869 20-43- Abigail, b. June 4, 1724 ; d. young. ^Benjamin, ? . . 5 ^- Sept. 4, 1725. Mary, ] ^^^^^' } b. Sept. 4,-1726 ; d. Jan. 26, 1808, aged 83. Hannah, b. Dec. 27, 1729 ; d. Oct. 1, 1805, aged 76. Elizabdh, b. May 11, 1732; m. Apr. 7, 1761, Jacob KendaU, of Dunstable. Sarah, b. June 17, 1734; m. Oct. 27, 1763, Abijah Child. Lydia, b, Aug. 31, 1736 ; d. in 1740. Nathan, b, Aug. 18, 1738. 61 Lydia, b, Feb. 26, 1746. John Cutler m. Jan. 9, 1724, Abigail Stone, dau. of John and Mary Stone, b. 1698. They made their confession to the ch. Sept. 27, 1724. He was ad. to the ch. Feb. 10, 1734, and she was ad. Sept. 12, 1742. They moved to Brookfield, to the ch. of which they were dismissed May 10, 1762. He was selectman in 1733, and asses sor same year. John, b. July 7, 1724; m. 1749, Susanna Hastings, resided several years in Shrewsbury, moved to New Ipswich ; d. 1771. Isaac, b. May 31, 1726 ; d. Oct. 24, 1745, at Cape Breton. Bobert, b. Apr. 30, 1728 ; m. Sept. 3, 1751, Elizabeth Fiske. Abijah, b. May 26, 1780. 66 Josiah, b, Aug. 9, 1732. Thaddeus, b. Mar. 15, 1735. Josqih, b. July 26, 1737 ; d. Nov. 1738. Joseph, b. Aug. 9, 1739. 69i Samuel, b. Mar. 7, 1744. 43-70 71 72 737476 7677 David Cutler m. Maty Tidd, dau. of Joseph and Mary Tidd. They were ad. to the ch. Apr. 14, 1728. He resided on the old homestead near Bedford line. He was constable in 1746, and select man in 1749, '60, '51. His will, dated Sept. 13, 1758, and proved Feb. 9, 1761, mentions wife Mary, sons David, to whom he gave the farm in Western (now Warren) on which he then lived, Joseph, to whom he gave the place in Western on which he then resided, Solomon, to whom he gave the southerly part of the homestead, and Thomas, to whom he gave the rest of the home farm ; and dau. Abigail Hodgman and Mary Page. He was a man of good property— his inventory of personal property being £373 13s. He made ample provision for his widow, providing that Solomon and Thomas should supply her with a horse, two cows, and furnish her annuaUy with twelve bushels of corn, four of rye, one bushel of malt, sixty pounds of beef, one hundred and twenty pounds of pork, three barrels of cider, and ten cords of wood, cut up and fit for the fire. He d. Dec. 5, 1760 of small pox ; she d. May 25, 1797, aged 93. AbigaU, b. May 1, 1728 ; m. May 7, 1755, Samuel Hodgman of Western. David, b, July 15, 1730; m. Oct. 15, 1761, Dorcas Reed, dau. of Capt. Benjamin and Rebecca Reed of Lex. He resided for a time in Western, but afterwards moved to Bennington, Vt., and per haps went South. Joseph, b. May 31, 1733 ; m. May 6, 1765, Rebecca Howe of Line. She d., and he m. Mary Reed of Western, apd settled there. Isaac, b, June, 1736; d. Jan., 1737. Mary, b. Aug. 12, 1738 ; m. Sept. 16, 1768, John Paige of Hardwick. •; Solomon, b. May 15, 1740; m. Rebecca Page of Bedford. 'fThomas, b. May 5, 1742; m. AbigaU Reed of Western. Elizabeth, b, Aug. 5, 1745; m. May 3, 1768, Benj. Moore of Lex. 52 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 78 20-48- 48-79 81 28-54r- 54-83 85 43-76- Amity, b. July 15, 1748 f m. Nov. 6, 1766, Nathan Leonard, of Hardwick. Thomas Cutler m. Sarah . They united with the ch. Dec. 6, 1741. She d. Jan. 12, 1749, and he m. second, Apr. 10, 1750, Lydia Simonds. May 17, 1762, Thomas Cutler and his wife were dismissed to the church at Western. They both d. 1760, of small pox. Amos, b, Sept. 28, 1742. Ebenezer, bap. May 3, 1747. 80 Sarah, bap. Apr. 7, 1745. 82 Bdhia, bap. July 22, 1750. Benjamin Cutler m. Elizabeth Buttrick of Harvard, Nov. 23, 1758. They were ad. to the ch. Aug. 6, 1769. Dolly, b. May 13, 1759. Bdty, b. Jan. 16, 1763. 84 William, b. Feb. 10, 1761. Solomon Cutler m. Feb. 23, 1762, Rebecca Page of Bed. They were ad. to the ch. Mar. 10, 1765. They moved to Rindge, N. H., about 1772, to the ch. of wliich they were dismissed Feb. 14, 1773. 75-86 Amos, b. Sept. 20, 1762. 88 Sarah, b. Oct. 7, 1768. 43-76- 76-90 91 92 93 9496 9697 98 99 100 76-91- 87 Rebecca, b. May 20, 1766. 89 Polly, b, Apr. 16, 1770. Thomas Cutler m. Abigail Reed of Western, (now Warren). They were admitted to the ch. June 30, 1765. She d. Sept. 26, 1784, aged 33. He m. Feb. 2, 1786, Elizabeth White, wid. of Ebenezer White. Her maiden name was Harrington, dau. of Moses Harrington. He d. July 3, 1812, aged 70; she d. Sept. 21, 1834, aged 86. His will, dated Dec. 18, 1806, and proved Aug. 12, 1812, mentions wife Elizabeth, sons John, Jonas, Amos, Leonard, and Na thaniel, and dau. Nabby Simonds, Polly, AUce, and Betsey. His real estate was inventoried at $6,980, and his personal at $1,442. Thomas Cutler was a member of Capt. Parker's company in 1776. Isaac, b. Aug. 9, 1766 ; m. Sophia Brown, and settled in Ashby. He d. May 6, 1826. He had six children. \Thomas, b. Mar. 18, 1769 ; m. Rebecca Earl. Abigail, b. May 2, 1771 ; m. June 6, 1794, Joshua Simonds. She d. Aug, 8, 1837, aged 66. '[Nathanid, b. June 19, 1773 ; m. Anna Child, Waltham. Mary, b. July 10, 1775 ; d. May 16, 1819, unm. •[John, b. May 10, 1777 ; m. Almira Flagg, of Mason, N. H. Alice, b. June 1, 1779 ; m, Nathaniel Searle, of Mason, N. H. She d. Mar. 1815. Jonas, b. Mar, 3, 1782 ; m. Martha, dau. of Amos Marrett. He settled in Westminster; d. Jan. 29, 1830, aged 48, leaving three children. ^Amos, b. Nov. 9, 1786 ; m. Rachel Flagg, of Mason, N. H. Bdsey, b. Oct. 27, 1789 ; m. Dec. 13, 1816, John Bacon, of Bed. She was living, 1858. \Leonard, b. Apr. 21, 1791 ; m. Maria Cutter. Thomas Cutler m. AUce Niles. He settled in Ashby. What time he left Lex. is not exactly known. He was taxed in Lex. 1799, and his name was placed upon the tax bUl in 1800, and then his name and tax are erased. Probably they left town early that year. The births of his two oldest children are recorded in Lex. Records GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 53. 91-101 102 103 104105 106 107108 76-93- 93-109 110 IU112 76-95- as children of Thomas Cutler and Ellis his wife. Two years after the birth of his second child, the church records associate Rebecca with him as his wife ; from which we infer that he buried his wife Ellis, or Alice, and m. Rebecca Earl about 1798. He d. in Bedford, Feb. 14, 1833, aged 64. Charles., b. Feb. 3, 1795 ; m. Prudence Holden, in Ashby. Abigail, b, Aug. 27, 1796 ; m. Green. Marshall, b, — ; m. Catharine Wood ; d. at Mobile. ; m. first, Maria Wood, second, Louisa Wheat. Thomas C,,b, — — Lives in Bedford. Rd)ecca, b. d. unm. aged 21. Nathanid, b. ; m. first, Susan Lane ; second, ¦ third, wid. Clemens. Lives in Bedford. Leonard, b. ; d. unm. aged 21. Alice Searle, b. ; m. Hassington? • Wheeler ; Nathaniel Cutler m. Apr. 4, 1799, Anna Child, dau. of Abi jah Child, of Waltham, b. Nov. 14, 1776. He purchased the White place in. the, south part of Lex. on what is now Concord Avenue, where hed. Sept. 3, 1849, aged, 76, She d. Mar. 22, 1863, aged 87. Isaac, b. Mar. 30, 1800; ra. Nov. 24, 1825, Lydia Braman, of Nor ton, fie settled in Con. in 1839, moved to Camb. was alderman, 1856, '56, and '67. They had five children, viz. first, George Henry, b. 1826 ; m. Mary Ann Rice, and second, Lydia Ann Hol- brook. Second, Wm. Francis, b. 1828; m. Margaret ScoUey ; d. 1867. Third, Lydia, b. 1830. Fourth, Edwin Braman, b. 1831. Fifth, Frances,, b. 1839. ^Thomas, b, Nov. 15, 1801 ; m. Sarah Smith, Dec. 28, 1828. \Curtis, b. Jan. 1, 1806 ; m. Clarissa W. Morrell. Eliza Ann, b, Oct. 14, 1813 ; m. May, 1839, Theo. P. Wood, of Gardner. He d., June 15, 1843, and she m. Dec. 25, 1844, Fran cis Richardson, of Gardner. 95-113 114 115116 117 118119120 76-98- 98-121 122123124125 John Cutler m. Jan. 19, 1813, Almira Flagg, of Mason, N. H. He lived on the homestead, and d. Mar. 12, 1828. She was living on the old place in 1858. Emily, b. Sept. 10, 1813 ; m. D. C. Chamberlain, of Somerville. Alice, b. Feb. 19, 1815; m. G. C. Hawkins, Lex., second, E. C. Mann, Somerville. Cynthia, b, June 16, 1816; m. J. Lathrop,; went to Wisconsin. John Reed, b, Sept. 20, 1819 ; r. at Napoleon, Ark. Hiram, b, Sept. 21, 1821 ; m. Rebecca Hawkins, and r. at North- wood, N. H. Artemas, b. Nov. 12, 1823 ; m. Mary J. Batchelder, and r. at East Cambridge. MarceUus, b. July 23, 1826 ; d. Mar. 23, 1839. George Martin, b. Oct. 27, 1828 ; m. Lucy A. Burrell ; r. inllHnois. Amos Cutler m. Rachel Flagg, of Mason, N. H., where he d. Dec 1823. Frederick P., b. Oct. 26, 1813 ; r. in Brattleboro', Vt. Elbridge, b. Mar. 3, 1815 ; died young. David A,, b. Apr. 12, 1816 ; m. Martha Nutting. Lucy Ann, b. ; m. Flanders, Edward W., b. ; m, Foss. 6S 54 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 126 127 76-100- 100-128 i29130131133134 135 93-110- 110-136 137 138139140141142 93-111- 111-143 144 110-136- Rebecca J.,b, Amos Elbridge, b. Addison Parker. ; m. Belinda Johonnot, Woburn, LE.0NARD Cutler m. May 21, 1826, Maria Cutter, of West Cam bridge, and settled on a part of the homestead. He d. 1863. Cornelia Maria, b, 1828 ; m. Samuel R. Duren, Wo. Abby Sarah, b. 1830; m. Joseph R. Kendall. Anna Bacon, b, 1832, m. Lewis Spaulding, of Bedford. Isabella, b, 1834. 132 James Russell, b. 1838. Cyrus Morton, b. 1841. He was in the Army of the Potomac. Ella Adine, b, 1843. Alfred Dennis, b, 1848 ; was in the service in the 6th Mass. V. M. Thomas Cutler m. Dec. 28, 1828, Sarah Smith, of Waltham, b. Nov. 30, 1806. They reside on, Concord Avenue, on the farm for merly occupied by his father. She d. Sept. 26, 1864, aged 67. ^Thomas Everett, b. Apr. 1, 1830; m. Melinda W. Houghton. Albert Curtis, b. Mar. 26, 1831 ; m. Apr. 9, 1853, EUza M. Tyler, of Waltham, where he resides. Sarah Ann, b. Jan. 11, 1835 ; d. Aug. 29, 1859. Franklin, b. Oct. 11, 1837 ; d, Jan. 15, 1860. Eliza Wood, b. Aug. 10, 1840 ; m. Apr. 30, 1866, F. D. WeUington, of Lincoln. Charles, b, June 10, 1842 ; d. Aug. 29, 1862, of disease contracted in the army. Clara, b. July 4, 1846. Curtis Cutler was grad. at H. C, 1829, studied theology, and was settled in Gardner, Oct. 30, 1833 ; m. May 19, 1835, Clarissa W, Morrell, dau. of Ambrose Morrell, Lex. He left Gardner, 1839, and was installed at Peterboro', N. H., Jan. 30, 1840, as col league with Abiel Abbot, D.D. In 1848, he left Peterboro' and moved to Lex. In 1850, in consequence of a bronchial affection, he gave up his profession, and engaged in mercantile pursuits with the firm of Wm. Underwood & Co,., Boston. In 1856, he represented the town in the General Court, and in the autumn of that year moved to Camb. To him we are indebted for much of the infor mation concerning this family. Sarah M., born in Gardner, Apr. 14, 1838. Annie C, b. in Peterboro, N. H., Mar. 12, 1845. Thomas E-verktt Cutler m. Aug. 20, 1861, Melinda W. Houghton, dau. of Samuel Houghton. They have Charles F., b. Nov. 2, 1862, Ida Warren, b. Oct. 12, 1864, Edward Everett, b. May 12, 1866. It has been difficult in some cases to distinguish the name from that of Cutter, which is found in a few instances upon the Lex. records. There are several other families mentioned on Lex. records, but probably they resided there only temporarily. THE CUTTER FAMILY. Richard Cutter, of Cambridge, ad, freeman, June 2, 1641 ; d. June 18, 1693, aged about 72. He had two wives, by whom he had fourteen children, among whom was Nathaniel, b. Dec. 11, 1663. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 55 He m. Oct. 8, 1688, Mary Fillebrown. She d. May 14, 1713, and he married Elizabeth. He had seven children, among whom was John Cutter, bap. Apr. 23, 1704. What time he came into Lex. we are not able to say. His name is found on our first tax bill extant, viz., 1729. His name continues on the tax bill till 1747, when we find the name of wid. Cutter. He probably d. 1747. He ra. Rachel , and had several chUdren. Araong them were Abigail, b. Aug. 16, 1736, and Benjamin, b. Apr. 24, 1738. THE DAMON FAMILY. There have been a few persons of this name in town from time to time, but no permanent residents till recently. John Damon, b. in England, 1621, came to this country from Reading, Eng., and settled in Reading, Mass., where he was dea. of the ch. and where he d. Apr. 8, 1708. He had six children. Sam ud, his son, b. June 23, 1666, ra. Mary , who d. Nov. 29, 1727, aged 71, and he d. June 12, 1724, aged 68. They had nine children. Ebenezer, son of Saml. b. Aug. 9, 1686 ; m. Elizabeth and had seven children. David, son of Ebenezer, b. Mar. 2, 1710; m. Apr. 7, 1731, Esther Gowing, and had ten children. Benjamin, son of David, b. June 6, 1769 ; ra. Dec. 13, 1782, Anar Pratt. He settled in Ashby, where he d. Sept, 24, 1832, aged 73 ; she d. Oct. 14, 1838, aged 84. They had eight children. Isaac, second son of Benj., b. Mar. 31, 1785 ; m. Lucy Houghton, who d. and he m. Ruth Shattuck. He d. Apr. 1848, aged 63. He had three children by his first wife, who d. Apr. 20, 1826. Isaac Newton Damon, the oldest child of Isaac, b. in Ashby, Dec. 14, 1812 ; m. Lucy K. Wright, dau. of Isaac Wright, b. Dec. 27, 1817. He came to Lex. in 1836, where he has since resided. He has filled the office of selectman, treasurer, &c., is a justice of the peace, and an assistant assessor in the internal revenue service. Lusanna Phelps, b. Sept. 28, 1843. Myron Bates, b, June 27, 1854. Florence Maria, b, Apr. 28, 1856. DANFORTH. — Danforth is a name which appears occasionally on Lex. records. In 1738 we find this record,— " Amos Merriam and Hannah Danforth, both of Lex., were joined in marriage." There were Danforths in Camb. and in Bil. at an early day, and some from these families probably came to Lex. for a short time. In 1774, Benjamin Danforth, wife, and three children, among them Benjamin, Jr., came to Lex. from Bedford. As their names appear upon the tax bill up to 1786, and theu disappear, it is probable that they left town about that time. THE DAVIS FAMILY. Joseph Da-vis, son of Thomas Davis of Holden, and Lattice his wife, was b. May 5, 1794, and m. May 31, 1823, Betsey G. Babcock, dau. of Amos and Betsey (Gardner) Babcock, of Princeton ; b. Oct. 18, 1799. His father was a soldier in the Revolution, and was in the battles of Bunker Hill, Bennington, White Plains, &c; Jo seph resided in Princeton, where he kept a public house. In 1833 he moved to Lex. and resumed his occupation as an inn-holder. 1- 2 1- 2 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. which he continued about ten years. Most of his children were b. in Princeton. He was several years one of the overseers of the poor in Lex. Horace B., b. May 10, 1824; m. June 2, 1852, Annie Stevens, dau. of William and Nancy Stevens. They have Frank S., b.-June 7, 1857, and WiUiam Henry, b. Deo. 11, 1862. Charles E„ b, Sept. 1, 1826; m. May, 1860, Eliza J. Tilton ; r. in Brooklyn, N. Y. George 0., b. Feb. 15, 1832 ; m. Sept. 2, 1868, Caroline E. Bridge, dau. of Samuel and Maria (Wellington) Bridge. They have Frederick G., b. Aug. 8, 1859, Charles B., b, Jan. 2, 1861, Harry W., b. Feb. 28, 1863. He has been some fifteen years in the Boston Custom House. Agnes, b, in Lex. Dec. 3, 1834; d. unm. Dec. 7, 1859. John Davts, son of Amos and Elizabeth Davis, of Gloucester, b. Oct. 16, 1794; m. Oct 13, 1819, Mary F. Phelps, b. Oct. 1, 1795, dan. of Henry and Mary Phelps. He came to Lex. 1831. He held the office of postmaster twenty-five years — good e-vidence of his fidelity.Mary A, E., b. Oct. 29, 1824; m. her cousin John Davis, Nov. 20, 1844. They have had Mary E., b. in Charlestown, Jan. 12, 1846, d. 1862 ; Ellen AmeUa, b. Mar. 18, 1848 ; Florence W., b. in Lex. ¦ Oct. 16, 1852; Alice P., b. Apr. 19, 1855; Edith F., b. Jan. 9, 1858, d. 1869 ; John H., b. June 21, 1860 ; Hannah E., b. June 26, 1863 ; Frank W., b. June 9, 1866. John W„ b. July 1, 1829; d. Feb. 19, 1832. Eliza J., b. July 1, 1834. DIAMOND. — William Diamond came to Lex. from Boston in 1772, and in 1783 m. Rebecca Simonds. He was taxed in town for several years, but I find no record of any children. THfi DORR FAMILY. Joseph Dorr came to this country from Eng., 1670. Edward, his son, m. Elizabeth , about 1682. They r. in Roxbury, and had seven children. Ebenezer, their second son, b. Jan. 25, 1687, m. Feb. 16, 1709, Mary Boardman, b. May 16, 1689. They had tien children. ,E6en«ze?', second son of Ebenezer, b. Feb. 2, 1712, m. Amy Plympton, b. Mar. 5, 1714. They had thirteen children. He d. Aug. 8, 1782, aged 70. Ebenezer, second son ofiEbenezer, b. Mar. 20, 1738, m. Jan. 7, 1762, AbigaU Cummings, b. July 11, 1739. They had twelve children. He d. Sept. '29, 1809, aged 71. John, fourth son of Ebenezer, b. Oct. 2, 1770, m. Deo. 11, 1793, Esther Goldthwait, dau. of Benjamin G., and Sarah White (Dawes) Goldthwait. She d. July 28, 1840. He d. Aug. 10, 1865, aged 86. He more than sustained the character of the family — having had ten sons and nine daughters, all by one wife. Theodore Haskell, the 16th chUd of John and Esther, b. Aug. 13, 1816, m. May 30, 1839, Nancy CaroUne Richards, dau. of Joseph and Alice Richards, b. Jan. 10, 1817. He graduated at H. C, 1836, entered the ministry, and was settled at Billerica, May 28, 1839, left ml843; settled in East Lex., July '2, 1845, leftin 1849; settled at 1- 23 4 1- 2 346 6 7 GENEALOGICAL HEGISTER. 57 Winchendon, June 2, 1852, left 1853 ; settled at Sherborne, Deo. 3, 1854, left May, 1863. After leaving Sherborne he came to Lex., where -he now resides. Esther G,,b. July 2, 1840 ; m. May 9, 1860, E. R. Paul, of Sherborne. Theodore H., b. Apr. 16, 1842 ; d. 1849. John, b, June 18, 1844. He entered the service of the U. S., 1862, as a sergeant for nine months, and served in N. C. Afterwards for one hundred days as first Ueut. Joseph Richards, b, Nov. 7, 1848. 6 Du^ey A., b. Nov. 20, 1860. An infant, b. Deo. 28, 1864 ; d. same day. Arthur, b. Sept. 14, 1867. 3- 9 1011121314 THE DOWNING FAMILY. Samuel Downing probably came- to Lex. about 1777. From what place he came the records do not determine. He was first taxed in Lex. in 1778. He m. June 19, 1783, Susanna Brown, dau. of Benjamin and Sarah (Reed) Brown, who was b, June 17, 17.64. She d. May 1, 1843, aged 79. Polly, h, Oct. 21, 1783; m. June 1, 1805, Samuel Butterfield of West Camb. Oliver, b. Mar. 10, 1785 ; resides in Boston. ^Samud, b. Oct. 30, 1787 ; m. fir-st, Lucy Learned, and second, Lydia Blodgett, Nov. 11, .1819. Susanna, b. Nov. 20, 1788 ; m. May 19, 1817, Daniel Chandler. Sally, b. Nov. 23, 1790 ; m. Daniel Rhodes of Boston, where she d. Lewis, b, June 23, 1792 ; m. Lucy Wheelock of Con. He moved to Concord, N. H., where he has become famous as a coach manu facturer. William, b, Sept. 1796. He entered the service of the United States in the war of 1812, and was mortally wounded at the battle of Lundy's Lane, and d. the day following, July 26, 1814. Samuel Downing m. Lucy Learned of Wat. She d. Oct. 1, 1816, aged 28, and he m. second, Nov. 11, 1819, Lydia Blodgett, dau. of Nathan Blodgett. Learned, b. Jan. 26, 1810. He is a trader in Charlestown. Susan, b. Sept. 25, 1811. William, b, June 14, 1815 ; is a merchant at St. Louis. Edward, b. Nov. 29, 1820 ; resides in Boston. Lucy Ann,b, May 27, 1827 ; .isa teacher. Theodore, b. Sept. 14, 1832. Andrew J. Downing, of Newburg, N. Y., who perished on board the Henry Clay it New York, July 28, 1852,, and -who was distin guished throughout the country as a horticulturalist and landscape gardener, and who was well known across the Atlantic by his publi cations on those subjects ; was a near relative of the first-named SamuerDowning. DRAPER. — ^William Draper came to Lex. from Koxbury in 1782, and the same year m. Sarah Barnes, " both of Lex." He prob ably left soon after. Oct. 6, 1783, Jonas Draper, their chUd, was bap. She was ad. to the ch. Oct. 1, 1775. 58 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-3- 3- 8 9 1012 1315 -12- 12-16 18 2021 22 2426 12-16- 16-27 29 31323436 16-31- THE DUDLEY FAMILY. This family was never very numerous in Lex., nor were they among the early settlers — the name appearing on the records in 1779, for the first time. The family was first located in Concord, and from thence may have moved to Sudbury. Francis Dudley, a supposed relation of Gov. Thomas Dudley, was b. in England, and, emigrating to this country, settled in Con. perhaps about 1663. He m. Sarah Wheeler, of Con., Oct. 26, 1665, and probably remained in that town till his decease. His wife d. Dec. 12, 1713. Mary, m. Joseph Fletcher. \Joseph, m. Abigail Gobble. Samud, b. 1668; m. first, Abigail King, and second, Lydia . Sarah, d. 1701. John, m. Hannah Poulter, of Medford, May 16, 1697. Francis, m. first, Sarah , and second, Abigail . Joseph Dudley m. 1691, Abigail Gobble, and d. at Con., Nov. 3, 1702, where his children were all born. farah' \ ^- J"°® "' ^^^^ ; \ "'• "^°- "' ^^^^' ¦^°^° ^'¦^'^ Jane, b. Mar. 26, 1693. 11 James, b. . '[Joseph, b. Apr. 20, 1697. Benjamin, b. Mar. 20, 1698. 14 Mary, b. Feb. 8, 1700. Sibella, b, Sept. 22, 1702 ; m. Jonathan Brown, Sept. 6, 1718. Joseph Dudley m. Oct. 2, 1718, Mary Chandler, dau. of Sam'l and Dorcas Chandler. Their three last children were b. at Sud., the others in Concord. \Joseph, b, July 24, 1719. 17 Eliza, b. Feb. 14, 1721. Mary, b. Jan. 17, 1723. 19 Samud, b. Mar. 7, 1726. Lucy, b. Apr. 1, 1727 ; m. Dec. 6, 1744, John Perry. Abigail, b. about 1730 ; m. Apr. 12, 1769, Samuel Howe. Ebenezer, b. about 1735. 23 William, b. about 1740. Sarah, b. Oct. 13, 1764. 25 Nahum, b. May 4, 1767. Danid, b. Feb. 22, 1763. Joseph Dudley ra. Jan. from Concord to Sudbury. Benjamin, b, Nov. 25, 1741. Samiid, b. Sept. 29, 1746. \Nathan, b. June 17, 1756. Abishai, b. July 24, 1758. Rebecca, b, Aug. 28, 1763. Moses, b, Jan. 31, 1769. The last three were b. in Sudbury 16, 1741, Mary Brown. They moved 28 Joseph, b. Sept. 16, 1743. 30 Mary, b. Aug. 4, 1749. 33 AbigaU, b. June 13, 1761. 35 Submit, b, Aug. 16, 1765. 37 Luther, b. May 5, 1772. Nathan Dudley m. first, Sarah Munroe, of Lin., June 24, 1786. They came into Lex. in 1779 ; he was first taxed in 1780. He and his wife Sarah were ad. to the ch. Jan. 27, 1790. She d. Jan. 16, 1801, and he m. second, Mrs. Hannah Lane, and d. July 17, 1835, aged 80 years. The last two children were by his second wife. He was a Ueut. in the Lex. artillery. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 59 31-38 394041424344 46 31-40- 40-46 474849 5163 1- 2 4 1 6- 2- 8 10 Sally, b. Oct. 16, 1786 ; m. John Viles, Jan. 12, 1806. Nathan, b, Apr. 3, 1789 ; d. Feb. 3, 1795. ^John, b. Nov. 18, 1790. Polly, b. Sept. 18, 1792 ; m. Thomas Johnson, of Wo., Sept. 8, 1811. Rebecca, b. Aug. 14, 1794; d. Apr. 12, 1795. Bdsey, b. June 1, 1798 ; m. Solomon Harrington. Rebecca, b. Dec. 31, 1808 ; m. William Shaw, of Wo. Nathan, b. July 29, 1810. John Dudley m. Esther E. Smith, of Sterling. He left Lex. before his marriage, and returned for a short time. His first and second child were born while here. He moved to Rox., where he r. John W,,b. and d. at Lex. Eliza, b. at Lex. ; ra. George W. Fowle. Sarah D,, b. , m. Rev. Joshua B. Holman. Martha A., b. . 60 Nathan A., b, Aug. 20, 1825. Caroline M,, b, . 52 Andrew J., b, ; d. young. Charles H,, b. . 54 John E., b. . THE DUNKLEE FAMILY. The name of Dunklee appears on the town and church records as early as 1701. We cannot give a connected view of this family ; though it appears that Nathaniel Dunklee and wife were received into the church by a letter of dismission from the church at Water- town, Aug. 25, 1705. Mr. Dunklee appears to have been an ardent man — a great saint and a great sinner. He in his weakness violated the eighth commandment by taking the property of others ; but then he made a public confession which would throw the penitential psalms of the king of Israel nearly into the shade. He confesses his re peated thefts, and that he has no cause to complain of those who brought him to justice, — declaring that when the righteous smite him, it shall be a kindness to him, promises to give glory to God by confession and reformation, and hopes that his great sins may be the means of preserving himself and all others from temptation. On a confession thus full and penitent, thus submissive and prayerful, he was of course restored to his standing in the church, which he appears to have regarded as the very gate of heaven. The reader will join with us in the hope that he was never afterward " led into temptation." We are not quite sure, but presume that the following are the children and descendants of Nathaniel Dunklee, and Mary his wife. David, bap. Sept. 21, 1701. Jonathan, bap. Jan. 7, 1706. iHezekiah, bap. Nov. 21, 1708. Robert, bap. Apr. 9, 1710, and ad. to the ch. Jan. 7, 1728 3 Elnathan, bap. Apr. 11, 1703. 6 Hannah, bap. May 8, 1707. Hezekiah Dunklee m. Nov. 17, 1734, Damaris Wilson. He probably left town about the first of 1743, as his wife at that time was dismissed to the ch. at BUlerica. Hezekiah, b, Sept. 17, 1735. Damaris, b. Mar. 16, 1739. 9 Nathaniel, b. Feb. 23, 1737. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. THE DUPEE FAMILY. Ellas Dupee, b. Jan. 22, 1806 ; m. June 20, 1830, Mary Ann Blodgett, dau. of James Blodgett.. He was b. in Boston. George C, b, Dec. 29, 1832 ; m. Nelly Tibbitts, r. in Boston and N. Y. Lyman S., b, Feb. 17, 1834. Elias A., b, Apr. 20, 1836 ; m. Susan Winn, r. in Arlington. Charles S., b. June 18, 1842 ; m. Hattie Shattuck, r. in Arlington. Theodore D„ b, Nov. 16, 1849. THE DUREN FAMILY. John Duren, or Durant, as the family formerly spelt the name, was in Billerica at an early day, and m. Susanna Dutton, Nov. 16, 1670. They had at least four chUdren, two of each sex. He d. in prison in Camb. Oct. 27, 1692, a victim of the witchcraft delusion. John, the eldest son of John, was b. July 31, 1672 ; m. Aug. 10, 1695, Elizabeth Jaquith. He d. Feb. 25, 1767, aged 85. They had eight children. Abraham, the youngest son of John, was b. Apr. 1, 1709 ; m. May 20, 1736, Rachel Manning. They had nine children h. in Billerica where they resided. Abraham, the eldest son of Abraham, b. Oct. 4, 1737 ; m. Nov. 1, 1764, Lydia Gould, of Chelmsford. He d. Nov. 6, 1776. An anecdote is told of his -wife which shows the energy of the woman, and the spirit of the times. On the 18th of April, 1775, her husband being in feeble health, she mounted their horse, and with her panniers set out for market at Boston, a distance of twenty miles or more ; and having accomplished her business at Boston, returned as far as Arlington, and stopped for the night. While she was there, she saw the British troops pass on their way to Lex. and Con. The next morning she started for home, and stopping at Lex. she went into the meeting-house to see the slaughtered men killed by the British a few hours before. Such were the women of the Revolution. — Abraham and Lydia had four children. Abraham, the youngest child, was b. Sept. 16, 1776 ; m. Oct. 25, 1801, Mary Russell, dau. of Jesse Russell, of Wo., where he settled. He d. Oct. 14, 1822, and she d. May 28, 1864. The neighborhood where he resided bears the name of Durenville, in honor of him. He had five children. Samuel R., b. May 29, 1803 ; m. Sybil Spaulding and Ann Searl. He d. Oct. 6, 1862 ; Lydia, b. Dec. 13, 1805; m. Joseph KendaU; Warren, b. Apr. 14, 1809; he has been twice raarried ; WilUam, b. June 5, 1813 ; m. Feb. 4, 1845, Rebecca A. Locke ; Abraham, b. Nov. 21, 1816 ; m. Apr. 6, 1842, Prudence Simonds. Warren Duren, the second son of Abraham mentioned above, m. June 2, 1833, Mary Ann Marrett, dau. of Rev. Daniel and- Mary (Muzzy) Marrett, of Standish, Me. She d. Oct. 4, 1839, and he m. Oct. 18, 1848, Mary Chandler, dau. of William Chandler, Esq., of Lex. He had one child by his first wife, viz. Caroline Augusta, b. Oct. 25, 1836, and d. May 13, 1852, aged 17 years. He moved to Lex. Sept. 1860. He has served several times on the board of overseers of the poor. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 61 1- 2 3 46 1-2- 2- 6 78 9 10 1-3- THE ESTABROOK FAMILY. Though the Estabrooks were not among the first settlers of Lex ington, they came here quite early, and became prominent, both in the church and in the town. Lexington's first minister, and two of her early deacons, bore that name. The Estabrooks appear to have been a ministerial family. Their ancestor. Rev. Joseph Estabrook, came from England in 1660, with two brothers, one of whom settled in Con., and the other in Swanzey. Joseph entered H. C., where he was graduated in 1064, and was settled in Con. in 1667, as col league with Rev. Mr. Buckley, where he continued till his death, which happened in 1711. Rev. Joseph Estabrook had four sons, as follows : >[ Joseph, b, 1669 ; d. in Lex. Sept. 23, 1733. '[Benjamin, b, Feb. 24, 1671 ; d. in Lex. July 22, 1697. Samuel, b. 1674; was grad. at H. C. 1696, and settled as a clergy man in Canterbury, Connecticut, where he d. in 1727. \Danid, b. Feb. 14, 1676 ; d. at Sudbury, 1736. Joseph Estabrook m. first, Dec. 31, 1689, MUlicent Woodis, or Woodhouse, dau. of Henry Woodhouse, of Con. She d. Mar. 30, 1692, and he m. second, Aug. 26, 1793, wid. Hannah Loring, of Hingham. He first settled in Hingham, where he and his wife united with the ch. from which they were dismissed to the ch. in Lex. in 1710. He was an active and influential member of the Lex. ch. and represented it on many public occasions. He was elected dea. in 1716, and remained in that office till his death, Sept. 23, 1733. He was highly respected as a townsman, and flUed almost every office within their gift. He commanded a military company, and filled the office of town clerk, treasurer, assessor, selectman, and representa tive to the General Court. He was a man of more than ordinary education for that day, was often employed as a surveyor, and was engaged to teach the first man's school in the town. I cannot state the precise time when he removed to Lex., but as he bought two hundred acres of land in the precinct in 1693, and was elected to office in 1696, it is probable that he came into the place between those periods. He bought his farm of Edward Pelham, then of R. I., and it is described in the deed as being bounded northeasterly by the Cook farm, and southwesterly by the Concord road, till it comes to Vine Brook. This included the places now occupied by Mrs. L. Turner, extending to the brook in front, and back to or beyond the place owned by Mr. Hayes under the hill. \Joseph, b. Oct. 10, 1690 ; d. Aug. 1?, 1740. '[John, b, July 28, 1694; m. Oct. 27, 1720, Prudence Harrington. Solomon, b. Dec. 22, 1696 ; d. July 7, 1697. Hannah, b. Mar. 2, 1698; m. May 23, 1717, Joseph Frost. MUlicent, b. Mar. 21, 1699. 11 Elijah, b. Aug. 26, 1703. Benjamin Estabrook was grad. at H. C. 1690, and was settled over the first church at Cambridge Farms, (now Lex.,) Oct. 6, 1696. But his ministry was of short duration. On the 22d of July, 1697, he was removed from his earthly labors by death, after a ministry of only nine months. He m. Nov. 29, 1698, Abigail Willard, dau. of Rev. Samuel WUlard, of the Old South Church, Boston. She was one of a family of twenty children. Rev. Mr. Estabrook d. greatly lamented by his people. He left two children, Benjamin, b. Dec. 66 m HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-5- 2-6- 6-12 13 1415 ¦16 1718 19 202122 2-7- 7-23 24 252627282930 6-17- 13, 16^5, and Richard, .b. July 5, 1697, but a few days before the death of his father. His wid. m. Rev. Samuel Treat, of Eastham, a son of Gov. Treat, of Connecticut. ' She d. Dec. 27, 1745, aged 82. By Mr. Treat she had three chUdren, one of whom, Eunice, m. Rev. Thomas Paine, of Weymouth, and had, among other children, Robert Treat Paine, who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde pendence, Attorney-General of this State, and one of the Justices of the Supreme Court. Daniel Estabrook m. Abigail FUnt, of Con. He first settled in Lex., where he had several children. Subsequefitly they removed to Weston, and, in 1716, he and his wife were ad. to the ch. in that place. He afterwards moved to Sudbury, where he d., 1735. He had Abigail, bap. in Lex. Sept. 27, 1702. David and Samuel, bap. in Lex., Jan. 21, 1706, and Aug. 20, 1710, were probably his children. Joseph Estabrook m. July 8, 1713, Submit Loring, his step sister. She d. Mar. 31, 1718, in childbed, and he m. Mar. 26, 1719, Hannah Bowman. Like his father, he was captain of the company, and dea, of the ch., and like him filled almost every important office in town — assessor, treasurer, clerk, and selectman. He d. Aug. 19, 1740, and his wid. m. July 19, 1753, Capt. Benj. Reed, and d. Apr. 15, 1774, aged 72 years. Joseph, b. June 27, 1714; d. JuiyT7, 1714. Joseph, b. Mar. 16, 1718 ; d. Mar. 18, same year. Joseph, b. Apr. 9, 1720 ; d. Dec. 7, 1747. Hannah, b. Sept. 22, 1725 ; d. Sept. 29, 1728. Benjamin, b. Oct. 9, 1727 ; d. Sept. 29, 1728. \BenjaTriin, b. Deo. 20, 1729 ; m. May 9, 1757, Hannah Hubbard. Hannah, b. Oct. 6, 1731 ; m. May 7, 1752, Ebenezer Hubbard. Solomon, b. June 10, 1733 ; d. Oct. 1, 1733. Samud, b. June 26, 1736 ; entered H. C. ; d. July 14, 1754. MUlicent, b. July 25, 1738 ; m. July 4, 1758, Jas. Barrett, of Con. Ebenezer, b. Sept. 21, 1740; m. Dec. 13, 1769, Ruth Reed, b. Nov. 7, 1741, dau. of Capt. Isaac and Rebecca Reed. They had Molly, bap. in Lex. June 3, 1760. They removed to Holden. Their descendants at the present day are found iu that town and vicinity. John Estabrook m. Oct. 27, 1720, Prudence Harrington. He was constable, 1737, and 1738. He d. June 19, 1742, and his wid. m. 1748, Benjamin Munroe, of Weston, the youngest son of Wm. Munroe, the original emigrant, who settled in Lex. She was his second wife, and d. 1778. ~^ Hurd. Grace, b. Aug. 13, 1721 ; ra. — Prudence, b. Mar. 28, 1724 ; m. Richard Winship. MUlicent, b. July 11, 1727 ; m. Harris. John, b, Oct. 20, 1729 ; probably he is the John Estabrook who settled in Westminster, and had by his wife Anna fourteen children. Abigail, b. Mar. 11, 1731 ; m. — Hunt. Elizabdh, b. Nov. 21, 1734. '[Nehemiah, b. Mar. 2, 1738 ; m. Mar. 1, 1759, Elizabeth Winship. Anna, b. Feb. 11, 1740 ; m. Kidder. Benjamin Estabrook m. May 9, 1757, Hannah Hubbard, of Con. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. June 22, 1758. He d. Mar. 8, 1803, aged 74 ; she d. Jan. 12, 1803, aged 67. He was many years a coroner and a justice of the peace. Ue was in the campaign to Ticonderoga in. 1776, GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 63 17-31 323334 35 36 3738 7-29- 29-40 41 42 434446464748 4960 17-33- 33-51 6263546556 17-36- 36-57 68 59 Jos&ph, b. Mar. 4, 1758 ; grad. at H. C. 1782. He entered the min istry, and was ordained at Athol, Nov. 21, 1787. He d. Apr. 30, 1830, in the eighty-first year of his age, and the forty-third year of his ministry. Hannah, b. Jan. 20, 1760; m. Dea. Ebenezer Lawrence, of Wo. '[Benjamin, b. Mar. 23-, 1762 ; m. Esther RuSseU. Samud, b. Nov. 15, 1764 ; he ra. first, Polly Creasy, and second, Nabby Warren. He lived in Brookline, but at last returned to Lex., where he d. July 20, 1814. Martha, b. June 22, 1766; ra. Edmund Waldefl, aud moved to Ster ling, where she d. Mar. 1822. •[AUai, b, June 14, 1769;, d. Sept. 29, 1836. Nathan, bap. May 10, 1772; m. Sarah Smith, and moved to Ashby. Solomon, b. Dec. 18, 1774 ; m. Lucy Davis, of New Ipswich, where he resided for a time, when he returned to Lex. and d. Aug. 12, 1826, without issue. MiUicent, b. June 8, 1777 ; m. Wm. Stearns, of Walt., and d. 1844. Nehemiah Estabrook m. Mat. 1, 1759, Elizabeth Winship, dau. of Samuel and Hannah Winship, b. May 23, 1740. He was a soldier from Lex. in the French war in 1755, and hence was well qualified to aid in the Revolutionary struggle.. He left Lex. about 1777, moved to Lunenburg, afterwards went to West Camb., and d. in Hopkinton, while on a visit to his children. Samud, b. Aug. 31, 1760 ; d. Oct. 29, 1778. Nehemiah, b. Mar. 3, 1762 ; m. in Lunenburg, where he lived some years. Bettie, b, Apr. 9, 1764 ; m. William Blanchard, of Medford. Lydia, b. May 28, 1766 ; m, Samuel Jones, and lived in West Camb. Elidkim,b, July 10, 1768; d. young. Grace, b. May 27, 1770? m. Nathaniel Trask, of Cha*lestown. '[Elialam, b, Oct 18, 1772 ; m. Hannah Cook, of West Camb. John, b. May 7, 1776 ; m. Anna Russell, and lived in West Camb. Joseph, b. Feb. 23, 1777 ; he settled in Hopkinton. Samud, b. May 13, 1779 ; m. Lucy Jones, and lived in W. Camb. Rebecca,, b. Mar. 4, 1781 ; she was living (1859)' in Charlestown, unm. Benjamin Estabrook m. Esther RusseU. He d. Oct. 29, 1819, aged 57. She d. Jan. 3, 1813, aged 49. We find nd record of his family, but obtain the following from his relatives. He resided for a time in Danvers. Susan, b, Aug, 20, 1783 ; m. Benjamin Winn, and lived ill Salem. Benjamin, b. in Danvers, June 7, 1'785 ; d. in Topsham, Vt. Waito', b. Nov., 22, 1787. Hannah, b, 1789 ; d. in six months. Eatmah, b. Mar. 11, 1791 ; d. in Salem,, Apr. 19, 1811.- Williamf b. 1793;. d. in Lei, 1868i Attai Estabrook ra. Polly Pierce. She d. Nov. 6,. 1826, and he d. Sept. 29,. 1836, aged 67. Bet^amint, b. — ' f d, Nov. 1826, aged about 20, by an injury re ceived from the rebound of a gun, ' , b'. '-^ — ; m. GeoBge Simonds. Solomon, b. Apr. 1, 1815; ta. Apr, 3, 1837,, Elizabeth C^ Blodgett. They have Henry D. and George D., (twins,.) b. May' 19, 1838; Lyman,, b., Feb, 26, 1849. Henry D. m. Jan, 16, 18661 Sarah A. Cummings. G«orge D. m. July 2,. 1865,. Emma's. Sowle. 64 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 60 6162 29-46- 46-63 646666676869 70 717273747576 77 Abigail, b. Dec. 16, 1813 ; m. Apr. 7, 1846, Luke W. Wright. Joseph, b. May 4, 1821 ; m. Nancy Raymond, of Littleton, and r. in Acton. Elizabdh, b, Dec. 1, 1823 ; d. June 23, 1848. Eliakim Estabrook ra. Sept. 7, 1793, Hannah Cook, of West Carab., b. Sept. 15, 1778. He resided raost of the time in West Camb., though he returned to Lex., where he d. Apr. 17, 1835. She was in 1859, living in Lex. Though they were mostly b. in West Camb., the number of the children induces us to give them a place here. Ender, b, Feb. 24, 1796 ; m. Aug. 27, 1818, Lydia Adams, of West Cambridge. Louisa, b. Sept. 8, 1797 ; m. Apr. 1819, Ebenezer Hovey, of West Cambridge. Joseph, b. Apr. 17, 1799 ; m. Aug. 11, 1817, Nancy Page. Lovell, b. Nov. 8, 1800 ; m. May 12, 1824, Mary Stearns, of Waltham. Hannah, b, Feb. 4, 1802 ; m. May 9, 1818, Wm. Benjamin, of Lin. Matilda, b. May 4, 1806 ; m. Oct. 13, 1833, Wm. Hooper, of Boston. Eliakim, b, Oct. 16, 1806 ; m. Feb. 9, 1849, Augusta Fay, of Fitch burg. Eleanor, b. Feb. 12, 1807 ; m. Apr. 26, 1826, John Norcross. Elizabdh, b, July 10, 1808 ; m. May 7, 1832, Jas. Bryant, of N. H. Clarinda, b. Aug. 13, 1810; m. Oct. 2, 1832, George Foster, of West Cambridge. Nehemiah, b. Feb. 21, 1812 ; d. young. Mary A„ b. Mar. 14, 1814; d. Dec. 5, 1843, unm. John B,, b, Apr. 8, 1816. Lacy E., b. Nov. 10, 1818; d. Mar. 24, 1839, nnm. Francis H., b. June 1, 1821 ; m. July 25, 1862, Louisa Jones, of Walpole, N. H. They reside in Lexington. Children, first, John Henry, b. Nov. 1854, d. young; second, George Lovell, b. Dec. 1866 ; third, Anna Louisa, b. Sept. 30, 1857. We cannot close this table without doing justice to Prince Esta brook, a black man in the family of Benjamin Estabrook. He was among the patriots of the Revolution on the Common on the 19th of April, 1775, when he was wounded ; we find his name among the soldiers in almost every campaign during the war. He, though a slave, fought the battles of freedom. THE FAIRFIELD FAMILY. About 1733, there was a famUy of Fairfields came to Lex. proba bly from Wenham, as Walter, Judith, and Bemember were dismissed from the ch. in that place, to Lex., where they were ad. Aug. 4, 1734. On the same day, Bebecca, probably dan. of Walter and Judith, was bap. Walter, probably son of the same, was bap. Jan. 18, 1736, and Mary, Nov. 9, 1740. There appears to have been more than one family of the name, as Stephen, and Hannah his wife, were ad. to the ch., he in 1734, and she in 1737. We have also the record of two of their chUdren; Judith, b. May 30, 1736, and Rebecca, b. Dec. 26, 1738. I also find Moses of Danid, bap. in 1738. Walter and Danid were taxed in Lex. 1735, '36, and '37. In 1743, Walter, Judith, and Mary, and Stephen and Hannah, were dismissed from the Lex. ch. to the ch. at Cold Spring. They probably had left town before that time, as the name had disappeared froin the tax bills. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 65 THE FARLEY FAMILY. The Farleys were never numerous in Lexington. George Farley settled in Roxbury, removed early to Woburn, and from thence to Billerica, before 1656, and d, there Dec. 27, 1693. He had a num ber of children, some of whoin settled in Billerica, where the name has been quite common, as it has also been in Hollis, N. H. It is highly probable that the Lexington Farleys were from the same stock. The following imperfect sketch is all that our records furnish. John Farley, son of John and Mary, b. Oct. 31, 1714. Hannah Farley, dau. of Benjamin and Joanna, b. Jan. 31, 1757. Sarah Farley, " " " " " b. Sept. 28, 1761. Samuel Hasselton, Hollis, N. H., m. Molly Farley, of Lex., June 2, 1761. Israel Putnam, of Bedford, m. Rebecca Farley, of Lex., Jan. 6, 1763. Benjamin Farley, of Lex. was in the French war in 1767. - 2 34678 9 10 1-2- THE FARMER FAMILY. Edward Farmer, son of John Farmer, of Ansley, Warwick shire, Eng., came to this country as early as 1672, and settled in BUlerica, where he d. May 27, 1727, aged 87. Mary his wife d. Mar. 26, 1719, aged 78. The name appears on Lex. records about 1748, when Nathaniel Farmer was taxed. Nathaniel Farmer m. May 28, 1755, Hannah Fessenden, dau. of Thomas and Hannah (Prentice) Fessenden. He was a member of Capt. Parker's company, and Uke a true patriot was on the ground on the 19th of Apr. 1775. He received a severe wound on the morning of that memorable day. A ball struck his right arm, and so fractured the bone, that he was disabled for a long time ; — pieces of bone were extracted from the arm several months afterwards. The Legislature made him a grant of £15 15s. for loss of labor and expense of surgical attendance. \John, b. July 18, 1757 ; m. Mar. 27, 1783, Lucy Reed. Hannah, b. Jan. 28, 1760 ; m. May 6, 1777, Jacob Kilburn, of Lancaster. Isaac, b, Oct. 8, 1762 ; d. young. Buth, b. Aug. 16, 1766. 6 Abigail, b. Nov. 6, 1768. Sea, S-^- = ^- ^- !«' "^1= \ ""• ^'''- [pLc^of i=] Thomas Shattuck, bap. Sept. 10, 1775. Isaac, b. Dec. 31, 1779, John Farmer m. Mar. 27, 1783, Lucy Reed, of Camb. He was a soldier in the war of the Revolution from the town of Lexington. THE FASSETT FAMILY. The Fassetts came to this country from Scotland. John Fassett was made freeman in 1654. Nathaniel Fassett was taxed in Concord in 1666. There were one or more families of this name in Billerica at an early day. It is probable that the Lex. Fassetts descended either from the family in Con. or Bil., as they resided neat the cor ner of these towns — their residence being at what is known as the HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-2- 2- 3 46 6 7 9 2-5- 5-11 1- 2 3 4 5 Page place, in Bed., which was formerly a part of Lex. The Fas setts were never numerous in Lex., though one individual was at one time prominent and influential. Joseph Fassett, and his wife Mary, were in Lex. in 1701, having made their peace with the 'church at that time. In 1708, he was chosen one of the assessors in the precinct, and in 1714, one of the assessors in the town. Subsequently he became quite popular, filling various offices. He was one of the assessors nine years, filled the office of selectman about as long, and for several years repre sented the town in the General Court. We find no record of any children of theirs, except Joseph, who was bom Dec, 6, 1701. Jo seph Fassett, and his wife Mary, both died about 1763 or 4. She was dau. of William Munroe, the ancestor of the Lex. Munroes. Joseph Fassett m. Amity , about 1726. He d. Aug. 14, 1755, and she m. June 15, 1766, John Page, of Bed. In his will, dated 1755, he mentions wife Amity, sons Joseph, John, and Jon athan, and dau. Sarah and Amity Newton. He filled several town offices. Joseph, b, Jan. 18, 1727 ; d. same day. Mary, b. Aug. 18, 1729 ;, d. Oct. 12, same year. ^Joseph, b. Mar. 21, 1730; m. Dorothy Pollard, of Bed. Amity, b. Feb. 1, 1732 ; m. Nov. 14, 1754, Simon Newton, of Bed. Mary,, b. May 9, 1736. 8 John, b. Dec. 7, 1739. Jonathan, b. Mar. 16, 1742. 10 Sarah, bap. Jan. 22, 1744. Joseph Fassett m. May 6, 1756, Dorothy Pollard, of Bedford. He was a Ueut., and d. at the Lake in, the French war, Sept. 16, 1768, aged 29 years. She m. Feb. 21, 1760, Ebeneiier Page, of Bedford, son of her father-in-law. Joseph, b. Apr. 10, 1767. 12 Calley, b, June 21, 1768. THE FESSENDEN FAMILY. The Fessendens were probably not in the precinct, till about the time it was erected into a town, in 1713; thongh they were in old Cambridge much earlier. John Fessenden came from. Kent Co., Eng., and settled in Cambridge about 1635. He was ad. a freeman in 1641. He was a member of the ch., and was selectman in 1656, '61, '63, and '66. He d. Jan. 13,. 1666, leaving no chUdren. His wife Jane d. Jan. 13, 1682, aged 80.. His relative, Nicholas Fes senden, came over from England at his request, it is said, and inher ited his estate, which was very considerable for that day. Nicholas is supposed to have been a nephew of John. Nicholas Fessenden m, Margaret Cheney, He- was b. in Eng land about 1650. He resided in Cambridge, where he had a numer ous family, and d. Feb. 24, 1719, in his 69th year. She d. Dec. 10, 1717, in her 62d year. Jane, b. Nov. 28, 1674 ; d. Aug. 24, 1676. Hannah, b. July 27, 1676-; d. Aug. 4, 1676. John, b. Nov. 4, 1678 ; m. Sarah . Nicholas, b. Jan. 21, 1681 ; grad. at H. C. 1701, was distinguished as a teacher in Camb. He m. Sarah Cooledge^ wid. of Stephen. Thomas, b, Jan. 4, and d. Jan. 28, 1682. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 67 7 8 9 10 11 1213 14 15 1-7- 7-16 1718 19 2021 22 23 2425 26 27 7-16- \ Thomas, b. Aug. 12, 1684; he was three times married. Margaret, b. Jan. 22, 1687 ; d. unm. Jane, b. Apr. 22, 1688 ; m. Jan. 10, 1712, Samuel Winship, who was high sheriff of Middlesex county. Mam/, b. Oct. 28, 1689 ; m. June 15, 1712, Joshua Parker, William, b. 1694 ; m. first, Oct. 10, 1716, Martha Wyeth, and second, Jan. 4, 1728, Martha Brown. He d. May 26, 1756. He resided in Camb., had a family of eleven children, the youngest of whom, Thomas, was bap. July 16, 1739, grad. at H. C. 1768, was or dained at Walpole, N. H., 1767. He m. EUzabeth KendaU, and had a numerous family, the eldest of whom was well known in this community. Thomas G, Fessenden grad. at Dart. C. 1796 ; he was a lawyer, a wit, and a poet, whose writings left a sting behind. He was author of a satirical poem entitled, " Terrible Tractora- tion," which in its day made many laugh, and a few wince. He was distinguished as an agriculturalist, and edited for some years " The New England Farmer." ,He d. in Boston, Through another branch of the family of William Fessenden, (No. 11 in this table,) descended G. Samuel Fessenden,. an eminent law yer of Pprtland, Me., who has represented his district in Congress, and who was father of Hon. WilUam Pitt Fessenden, the distin guished senator in Congress from Maine at this time. Joseph, b. ; m. Mindwell Oldham, Dec. 6, 1733 .' Benjamin, b, Jan. 30, 1701 ; grad. at H. C. 1718, was ordained at Sandwich, Sept. 12, 1722, and d. there Aug. 7, 1746, leaving a family. Hannah, b, ; m. John Chipman, Sandwich? She d. 1758. Ebenezer, b. ; m. probably Elizabeth Barrett, and afterwards Alice Babcock. He lived and d. at Cambridge. Thomas Fessenden m. 1708, Abigail Poulter, dau. of Jonathan and Elizabeth Poulter, of Lex., b. Sept. 6, 1692. She d. AprU 25, 1719, aged 27 ; and he m. Jan. 8, 1720, Abigail Locke, dau. of Joseph Locke, of Lex. She d. June 12, 1736, and he m. Anne PhUlebrown, Dec. 2, 1737. He d. Mar. 6, 1738. He probably came to Lex. about the time of his first marriage ; he o. c. in 1709, when their first child was ba,ptized. \Thomas,b. Dec. 9, 1709; m. 1735, Hannah Prentice, of Camb. '[Samud, b, Aug. 11, 1711 ; m. May 21, 1740, Elizabeth AUen., Abigail, b. July 13, 1713; m. WeUington. /lxtAAiOjCM-t«l Mary, b. Jan. 17, 1716 ; m. Wm. Brown, of Walt., moved togConn. Elizabdh, b. Mar. 8, 1721 ; m. Apr. 27, 1768, Samuel Hutchinson. Jonathan, b. Apr. 28, 1723 ; m. June 4, 1747, Martha Crosby, of Quincy, where he lived. Harmah, b. June 18, 1725 ; d. same year, Hannah, b, Apr. 21, 1727 ; d. Apr. 21, 1729. John, b, Apr. 27, 1729 ; m. Nov. 23, 1769, Elizabeth Wyman, r. in Rutland. Timothy, b. May 6, 1731 ; ra. Elizabeth Pierce, dau. of Jonas Pierce, of Lex, They r. in Westminster, where he d. Mar. 1, 1806, set. 74. Benjamin, b, Jan. 9, 1734; was twice m., resided in MUton, Brain tree, Watertown, and Boston, where he d. Apr. SO, 1801. Submit, b. May 28, 1736. Thomas Fessenden m. June 19, 1736, Hannah Prentice, of Camb. They -were ad. to the ch. in Lex., Oct. 16, 1737, -when their first child was bap. He d. July 22, 1768. 68 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 16-28 2930 31 32 333436 7-17- 17-36 3738 39 16-30- 30-40 4142 43 444546 16-33- 33-47 48 49 60 5152 63 33-47- 47-54 5666 Hannah, b, Aug. 9, 1736 ; m. May 20, 1755, Nathamiel Fanner. Abigail, b. Sept. ,7, 1738 ; d. July 13, 1741. \ Tliomas, b, July 10, 1741 ; m. EUzabeth Apthorp, and Lucy Lee. Aaron, b. Dec. 30, 1744; m. Sarah Locke. They resided a short time in Cambridge, and then removed to Townsend, where they d. Nathaniel, b. June 7, 1746 ; m. first, Lydia Bemis, about 1770, who was killed by the chance shot of a gun, holding at the time her only son (Ichabod) in her arms. He m. second, Elizabeth Webb, of Danvers, r. in Medford. '[Nathan, b. Apr. 10, 1749, m. Sarah Winship, Oct. 17, 1771. Sarah, b. Aug. 9, 1753 ; m. Mar, 4, 1773, Isaac Winship, brother of Sarah above. Isaaci bap. Oct. 23, 1767. Samuel Fessenden m. May 21, 1740, Elizabeth Allen. He was ad. to the ch. in Lex., May 10, 1746. He d. Nov. 1, 1771. She d. Sept. 4, 1802, aged 91 years. Elizabdh, b. May 6, 1741 . Amity, b. June 15, 1743 ; m. Dec. 16, 1773, Solomon Pierce. Abigail, b. July 20, 1747 ; m. Jan. 22, 1765, John HiU, of Bil. Samud, bap. July 6, 1749 ; m. Sarah Pierce, sister of Solomon, Nov. 21, 1771. Thomas Fessenden. m. Mrs. Elizabeth Apthorp. She d. and he m. Dec. 7, 1776, Lucy Lee, of Con. He d. Feb. 26, 1804. She d. June 19, 1820, aged 66. Ndly, b. Apr. 10, 1769 P Thomas, b. June 6, 1772 ; d. Mar. 7, 1807, aged 35. Lucy, b, Apr. 2, 1777 ; d. young. William, b, June 13, 1779 ; m. Apr. 26, 1802, Eunice Frost, and moved to N. H. Lucy, b. Sept. 16, 1782 ; d. about 1804. Betsey Apthorp, b. Sept. 8, 1787 ; m. EUas Viles. John, b. Mar. 13, 1794. Nathan Fessenden m. Oct. 17, 1771, Sarah Winship. He d. Apr. 24, 1797. ^Nathan, b. Apr. 25, 1772 ; m. Jane Goodrich. Isaac, b, Apr. 12, 1776 ; m. Mary Doane, of Boston, r. there. Jonathan, b. May 18, 1779 ; r. in Portland, m. Betsey Drinkwater. Lydia, b. May 28, 1782; m. Elisha Tainter, of Med., r. there. John, b. Dec. 25, 1784 ; went to Portland, where he r. He d. Aug. 7. 1849, Sally, b. Oct. 13, 1788 ; m. WiUiam Lovejoy, of MUford, N. H., v. there. Nathaniel, b. Jan. 6, 1791 ; d. 1821, unm. Nathan Fessenden ra. June 11, 1801, Jane Goodrich, of Lu nenburg. He d. Feb. 26, 1866, aged 93 years. She d. Feb. 10, 1849, aged 70 years. Elizabdh, b. May 20, 1802 ; m. Darius FiUebrown. She d. Nov. 16, 1849. Caroline, \ ^ ¦n,,-^^ ^ ^ q^,^ . 5 "i- Oct. 8, 1835, William Grover. Maria, S:«-|b.May4, 1804; 57 68 59 606162 63 1- 2 GENEALOGICAIi REGISTER. 69 Harrid, b, Sept. 8, 1806 ; m. Nov. 4, 1841, James Ingals, of Town- send. Nathan, b, June 15, 1808. He r. on the old homestead, has for several years filled the office of assessor. Albert F., b. Aug. 23, 1810 ; m. Eliza Johnson. No issue. Charles, b. Nov. 5, 1812 ; he went to Fitchburg, where he m. Mar tha Newton. She d. 1851, and he m. he rsister Sarah C. He r. in Fitchburg. Levi G., b. Oct. 30, 1814; m. Sarah Stratton, Oct. 22, 1849,' r. in Ohio. Hannah, b. June 2, 1817; m. .Jan. 6, 1851, Darius FiUebrown. Jane, b. Mar. 30, 1820; m. Dec. 14, 1847, Chas. G. Davis, of Wo. THE FISKE FAMILY. • " There was," says Bond, in his history of Watertown, "a consid erable number of early immigrants of the name of Fiske, who settled in Massachusetts ; and there is good reason to beUeve that they were all descendants of Robert and Sibil (Gold) Fiske, who lived at Broad Gates, Loxfield, near Framingham, county Suffolk, Eng." David Fiske, probably came over to America in 1636, and settled in Wat. where he was admitted freeman, Mar. 1637. He was select man in Wat. 1640, and '43. His wUl, dated Sept. 10, 1660, and proved Jan. 22, 1662, mentions no wife, but one dau. Fitch, and one son David, " sole executor and residuary legatee, giving him his house, lands, cattle and chattels." Aug. 6, 1673, his son sold his homestead and two other lots of land in Wat. to John Cooledge. David Fiske b. 1624. He was a "planter," and was ad. free man. May 26, 1647 ; he settled either at first, or soon after, at Carab. Farms, in which place he became a prominent citizen. He m. first, Lydia Cooper, perhaps step-dau. of Dea. Gregory Stone, by whom he had three children. He m. second. Seaborn Wilson, dau. of WilUam Wilson, of Boston. He d. Feb. 14, 1710. His will, dated Jan. 22, 1708, and proved Dec. 20, 1711, mentions, wife Seaborn, son Nicholas Wyeth, my dau. being dead, children David, Elizabeth, and Abigail, cousin Samuel Stone, son of Dea. Samuel Stone. In ventory of his estate, £405 17s. 6d. Oct. 16, 1676, he and wife Seaborn, sold Samuel Page, one hundred and forty-nine acres In Wat. granted to his father David Fiske. David Fiske, or David Fiske, Sen., as he was designated in our early records, was not only one of the first settlers, but became one of the most prominent and useful men in the precinct. He headed the subscription for a meet ing-house In 1692, and on the organization of the parish the year after, he was chosen clerk, and one of the selectmen or assessors. He was also chosen chairman of a committee to purchase of the town of Camb. a lot of land for the support of the ministry. These and similar offices he frequently held under the parish. He was also a member of the ch. organized 1696, and his wife immediately after removed her relation from the ch. in Camb. to the ch. gathered in the precinct. He not only served his fellow-citizens in a civil and religious, but also in a military capacity, as appears by the prefix Lieut, which is often In the records connected with his name. He was also often employed by the colony as a surveyor. He resided on Hancock st. near the present residence of Joseph F, Simonds. A handsome monument was erected iu 1856, by Benj. Fiske, Esq., with this Inscription : "In memory of David Fiske, who died Feb. 14, 1710, and his descendants." 67 '0 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2- 3 45 6 78 2-5- 6-10 1112 13 14 1516 17 6-11- 11-18 19 202122 23 26262728 29 31 6-12- Sarah, d. 1648. Lydia, b. Sept. 29, 1647 ; d. unm. ^David, b. Sept. 1, 1648; d. Oct. 23, 1729, aged 81. Seaborn, d. young. Elizabdh, b, ; m. John RusseU, Camb. Anna, (Hannah,) m. Timothy Carter, son of Rev. Thomas Carter, first of Watertown, afterwards of Woburn. Abigail, va. Henry Baldwin, of Woburn, David Fiske ra. Sarah , who d. April 22, 1729, aged 76, He d. Oct. 23, 1729. David Fiske, like his father, was a subscriber to the first meeting-house In 1692, and, like his father, was ready to sustain the Institutions of religion, and was elected to the dignified office of tythingman. David, b, Jan. 5, 1675 ; m. Elizabeth . \Jonathan, b. May 19, 1679. '[Robert, b. May 8, 1681 ; d. AprU 18, 1753. AnnM, b. April 2, 1683. Lydia, b. May 14, 1685 ; m. Joseph Loring, of Lexington. Sarah, b. June 16, 1687. Abigail, b. May 20, 1689; d. Aug. 13, 1691. ^Ebenezer, b. Sept. 12, 1692 ; m. . Jonathan Fiske m. Abigail His name first appears upon the Lex. parish records in 1707, when Corp'l Jonathan Fiske was chosen one of the assessors. He was also a subscriber for the purchase of the Common in 1711 ; though the ch. records show that his dau. Abigail was bap. In 1704, when he o. c. He and his wife Abigail united with the ch. Oct. 24, 1708. He had a family of four teen children, five of whom were born in Lex. and the rest in Sud bury, to which place he removed about 1713, where he was a deacon. He and his wife were dismissed to the Sudbury ch. in 1718. His will, dated Nov. 13, 1742, mentions wife Abigail, five sons and seven dau., two of his children probably having died before that period. Abigail, bap. July 23, 1704 ; m. Samuel Parrls. Jonathan, bap. June 9, 1706 ; not mentioned in his father's will. Kezia, bap. Aug. 8, 1708 ; ra. Noyes. Lydia, bap. AprU 16, 1710; m. Patterson. Mary, bap. June 30, 1712; m. Feb. 1, 1739, Nathaniel Fiske, of Weston. Hepzibah, b. Oct. 30, 1713. 24 Bezaleel, b. Aug. 24, 1716. Samud, b. May 3, 1717 ; ra. and lived in Newton. Beulah, b. Nov, 1, 1718 ; m. first, Benjamin Stone, and second, 1747, Benjamin Eaton, of Framingham. William, b. Sept. 4, 1720. Sarah, b, Dec. 6, 1722 ; m. Heard, of Sudbury. Anna, b. 1724. 30 David, b. Sept. 4, 1726. Benjamin, b. March 28, 1730. Robert Fiske m. May 27, 1718, Mary Stimpson, of Reading. In 1711, he was a subscriber for the purchase of the Common. He was ad. to the ch. 1736. His residence was on Hancock st. at or near the spot where Joseph F. Simonds now resides. Here his father David lived before him ; and hence this must have been one of the first settled places in the township. The present, which is probably the second house on this spot, was erected In 1732. Robert Fiske was a physician, and probably the first of the profession In the place. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 71 12-32 333435363738 39 40 5-17- 17-41 42 43 44 4546 4748 49 His wife survived him a few years, and d. Feb. 11, 1757. He d. April 18, 1753. The inventory sheds light upon the manners and customs of the age. Among other things, we find the following : "Hat and wig, 100s. Arms — yellow stock gun, £8 10s.; little gun, £6 ; carbine, 60s. ; brass pistols, 50s. ; rapier and belt, 12s. ; three staves, 20s. ; two cans and tWo piggens, 16s. ; one loom, quUl wheel and warping bars, 50s. ; two pair of snow shoes, 30s. Books — General Practice of Physic, 30s. ; English Dispensatory or Synop sis of Medicine, 30s. The Structure and Condition of Bones, 15s." By these items, it will be seen that the doctor was quite as well armed for the art of war as for the art of healing. Mary, b, Feb. 8, 1719 ; d. same day. Mary, b. March 16, 1720 ; m. John Buckman, and lived in Lex. •[Robert, b. Jan. 23, 1722 ; m. Betty . Lydia, b, June 23, 1724; m. James Wilson, of Bedford. •[Joseph, b. Oct, 18, 1726 ; ra. Hepsibah Raymond. Ruth, b. Nov. 15, 1729 ; m. Farmer. John,b. Nov. 8, 1731. He studied medicine, but it is doubtful whether he practiced to any extent. We find no account of his marriage, or children, or death. He was of Lex. in 1767, when Joseph Fiske, and John Fiske, physicians, heirs of Dr. Robert Fiske, sold land to Jonas Parker, John Fiske, of Lex. was in the French and Indian war, 1754. Jonathan, b. March 20, 1734; m. Sept. 4, 1765, Abigail Locke, of Woburn. She was dau. of WUliam and Jemima (Russell) Locke, who resided near the line of Lexington. We find no account of Jonathan Fiske, or family. He was of l^ex. in 1752, when for a consideration he relinquished his right to his mother's thirds. •[David, b. March 8, 1737 ; m. Elizabeth Blodgett. Ebenezer Fiske m. Dec. 4, 1718, Grace Harrington, of Wat. , by whom he had a child, which d. Aug. 26, 1721, and she d. four days after, aged 26. He m. second, Bethia Muzzy, dau. of Benj. and Sarah Muzzy. She d. Nov. 19, 1774, aged 74 ; and he d. Dec. 19, 1775. The monumental stone in the Lex. old yard, has the hon orable prefix of Lieut, to the name of Ebenezer Fiske. He appears to have been popular in his day, having been called to fill many offices In the town. He was selectman ten years between 1739 and 1758. He resided on the road to Concord, a little more than a mile from the Common, at the easterly side of a large swell of land, which from his residence and ownership has taken the name of " Fiske Hill." It was at this house that the gallant Hayward, of Acton, met a British soldier coming from the well, between whom shots were exchanged, with fatal effect on both sides, Sarah, bap, Nov, 24, 1723, Ebenezer, b. March 5, 1826. He was a physician, and settled at Epping, N. H. Bdhia, b. Aug. 1, 1729 ; m, OUver, of Boston. Elizabdh, b. May 7, 1731 ; m. EUIs. Jane, b. May 2, 1733 ; m. Josiah Hadley. Anna, b, July 2^, 1735 ; m. Oct. 24, 1754, Oliver Barrett, of Con. She was grandmother of the late Rev. Dr. Barrett, of Boston, and Rev. Fiske Barrett, once settled at Lexington. Benjamin, b. May 4, 1737 ; d. young. Samuel, b, Oct. 6, 1739. He grad. at H. C. 1759, and was an Epis copal clergyman in South Carolina. He d. 1777. \Benjamin, b. Aug. 10, 1742; d, Feb. 1, 1785. 72 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 12-34- 34-50 52 12-36- 36-66 6667 12-40- 40-58 59 17-49- 49-61 62 34r-61- RoBERT Fiske m. Betty . She d. Dec. 14, 1770. There is no record of his death ; but as he was In Lex. In 1764, and she was a wid. In 1767, he must have d. between those periods. In 1767 wid. Betty Fiske bought eighty acres of land In Lex. bounded easterly on Wo. line, and westerly by land of Lemuel Simonds. Her will, dated Dec. 4, 1770, and proved Sept., 1771, mentions sons Robert, John, and David, and dau. Betty and Ruth. The record of this family is very defective. Robert Fiske, like his father, was a physician by profession, and appears to have led rather a wandering life. In 1760 he was in the French war, in 1757 he was In Wo., and in 1764, he came to Lex., when we find this entry, " Dr. Fiske and family came last from Woburn." Robert, b. 1756. Ruth, b. Oct. 30, 1765. 61 \David, b. Nov. 23 1760. 63 John, 54 Bdty, Joseph Fiske m. Dec. 13, 1751, Hepzibah Raymond. He d. Jan. 8, 1808, aged 81. She d. Oct. 9, 1820, at the advanced age of 91. He was a physician, and successor to his father, who d. about the time he commenced practice. He administered upon his father's estate, and resided In the same house. He probably had other children besides those named below, as the Imperfect records speak of the death of at least one of his infant children. •[Joseph, b. Dec. 25, 1752 ; d. Sept. 25, 1837, aged 86. Ruth, b, AprU 20, 1758; m. May 7, 1795, John . Hepzibah, b, June 22, 1765 ; m. John Le Baron and went to Lit. David Fiske ra. June 22, 1760, Elizabeth Blodgett. He was a weaver, and, to distinguish him from others of the same name, he was called " Weaver David." He was famous as a hunter. Though the wild game was not very plenty in his day, he contributed greatly to thin off the deer, bears, &c. He ran down and killed a stately buck on the hill over which the Burlington road ran, and hence it has taken the name of " Buck's Hill." He has left no record of his family ; though from tradition, and intimations in the records, he must have had at least three children. He'd. July 20, 1816. Bdsey, b. ra. April 14, 1788, Joseph Webber. They had Joseph, b. Feb. 19, 1789, Susanna, b. July 9, 1791, and moved to Bedford. \David, b. 1766. 60 Benjamin. Benjamin Fiske m. May 14, 1767, Rebecca Howe of Concord. He d. Feb. 1, 1786, aged 42, and his wid. m. Mar. 28, 1786, Lieut. WiUiam Merriam of Bedford. \Benjamin, b. Aug. 20, 1774. Elizabeth, b. Apr. 7, 1783; m. May 29, 1802, WUliam Whitney of Shirley, son of Rev. Phineas Whitney of that town. She d. Feb. 24, 1810, leaving two children, WllUara F. and George H. David Fiske m. Abigail Harrington, dau. of Robert and Abigail (Mason) Harrington. He was a physician, and resided at the corner of Elm avenue and Bedford street, where Mr. James Gould now resides, which place, consisting of a house and an acre of land, he bought of Mrs, Ruth Harrington in 1777, He d. Nov, 20, 1803, and was buried in masonic order, being a member of that fraternity. I find no record of his family worthy of mention. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 73 61-63 64 65 67 68 -56- 66-70 71 72 73 74 76 40-59- 69-76 77 7879 808182 83 84 85 ¦; m. Sally Robbins of West Camb. • ; d. young. Robert, b. — Abigail, b, - Betsey, b, Oct. 17, 1782; m. Nov. 29, 1810, Joseph NeweU of New Ipswich, N. H. John, b. ; m, Lydia Pierce ; resided in Winchester, and d. 1868. Mary, b, ; d. young. Chloe, b, ; scalded Feb. 16,1794. 69 Petei; b. . Joseph Fiske m. July 31. 1794, Elizabeth Stone, b. Nov. 13, 1770. .She d. Mar. 6, 1842. He was a surgeon In the continental ser vice during almost the entire Revolution — was at the capture of Bur goyne, the surrender of Yorktown, and many of the intermediate bat tles. Dr. Fiske was one of the original members of the Society of Cincinnati, formed by the officers at the close of the war in 1784, — a society whose benefactions have gladdened the heart of many a widow and orphan. His son, Joseph, had In his possession the certificate of membership, with the sign manual of George Washington, presi dent, and Gen. Knox, secretary. He was also a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He d. May 4, 1860, aged 63. Elizabdh, b, June 16, 1796 ; m. Dec. 5, 1819, Richard Fisher of Camb. Joseph, b. Feb. 9, 1797 ; m. Nov. 12, 1829, Mary Gardner Kennard of EUot, Me. Their children are Joseph Alexander, b. Mar. 8, 1830, and m. Love Langdon Dodge of Methuen, and lives at Law rence ; Timothy Kennard, b. Aug. 5, 1833, and m. Dec«,25, 1857, Barbara Peters. Jonas Stone, b. May 9, 1799 ; m. May 8, 1823, Pamela Brown, dau. of James Brown. They had two children, Mary Elizabeth, b. June 2, 1824, and James Francis, b. Dec. 31, 1826. They reside In West Camb. Jonas Stone Fiske d. Mar. 23, 1828, Sarah, b. May 18, 1802 ; d. Dec, 27, 1825, unm. Franklin, b. Oct. 16, 1804; m. Oct. 3, 1839, Hannah Peters of Newport, N. H, They have two children, Charles A., b. Dec. 26, 1842 ; he was in the army and was severely wounded ; Joseph H. B., b. Sept. 8, 1843. Almira, b. June 24, 1808 ; m. Mar. 5, 1828, Zadoc Harrington, She d. Jan, 22, 1884. David Fiske m. Apr. 26, 1784, Sarah Hadley. She d. May 21, 1804, and he ra. second, Wid. Buth Trask, May 6, 1806. He d. Aug. 17, 1820, aged 61. He had ten children by his first wife, and three by his second. He entered the service as a fifer in the com pany of Capt. Edmund Munroe, and served to the close of the war. For the sake of distinction he was denominated " Fifer David." There Is no record of his family, and but little Information can be obtained concerning them. He d. Aug. 17, 1820, aged 61. Ruth, b. • m. 1804, PhUip Thomas of Rindge, N. H. fJonathan, b, April 15, 1786 ; m. Rowena Leonard. Sarah, h, • ; m. Henry Spear and went to New York. David, b. . ; m. Aug. 25, 1820, Chloe Trask. Samud, b. ¦ ; d. unm. aged about 30, \Benjamin, b. April 27, 1798 ; m. Sarah Daland. Anna, b, ; m. Sept. 10, 1820, OUver Winship. Charles, b, ; went to sea and never retumed, Patty, b. ; m, Daniel Gray and moved to Keene, Betsey, b. ; m. Samuel Clarke and went to Glover, Vt, 74 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 86878889 49-61- 64-90 9192 93 94 59-77- 77-95 96979899 100101 69-81- 81-102 103104 105106 107 108 109 110 Ichabod, b. William, b. John, b. — Frederic, b. went to Surry, N. H., on a visit, and d. there. resides in Boston. resides in Boston. — ; resides in Boston. Benjamin Fiske m. May 16, 1797, Elizabeth Bridge, dau. of Rev. Mr. Bridge of Chelmsford. She d. Oct. 20, 1814, and he m. second, Nancy Adams of Westford. He moved to Boston in 1808, and was engaged in navigation till 1848. In 1843 he returned to Lex. and located himself on a large farm situated on Lowell street, where he d. He served as alderman in Boston in 1843, and as repre sentative from 1833 to 1838. He held a justice's commission. He d. Feb. 2, 1858, aged 84, John Minot, b. July 16, 1798 ; m. Eliza Winn of Salem, He was grad. H. C. 1815, studied law, and d. in Chelmsford, Aug., 1841. Louita, b. May 30, 1801 ; m. Dr. Cyrus Briggs of Augusta, Me. Charles, b, Nov. 17, 1807; m. Nov, 8, 1831, AbigaU Hayden of Boston. She d. March 28, 1869, aged 47. He m. again. Chil dren, Frances Albertine, b. Nov. 1, 1832, ra. June 8, 1862, Thomas B. Davenport of Hop. ; Charles, b. May 27, 1834, m. April 4, 1856, AdeUne W. Shaw of Augusta, Me. ; WUliam B., b. June 23, 1836, m. Oct. 16, 1855, Henriette S. Lyford of Bos ton. Henry A., b. AprU 23, 1840; Marion, b. Jan. 28, 1846, d. Jan. 12, 1864; Abbie Josephine, b. Nov. 18, 1848. The last three children were b. in Lex., and first three In Maine, where he then resided. Benjamin, b, Oct. 15, 1811 ; d. June 18, 1812, Benjamin, b. Nov, 20, 1820; m. Oct. 21, 1842, Maria Spear of Boston. He resided in New York city for a time, now resides in Medford, Mass, Jonathan Fiske m. Bowena Leonard, Eliza, b, 1806 ; m. Pierce and went to Cavendish, Vt. George, b. ; d. about 1830, unm. Maria, b. ; m. Dr. Haley and moved to Philadelphia, where he d. She m. again and went to Texas. Sarah, b. ; r. in Boston. Caroline, b, about 1821 ; r. In Boston. Rowena, b, 1825 ; m. David Massy and resides in Boston. John, b, Nov. 6, 1827 ; ra. Julia Denow, March 13, 1866, resides in Billerica. They have one child. She was of LIncolnville, Me. Benjamin Fiske m. Sarah Daland of Westford. 18, 1806. She was b. Jan. Benjamin Ichabod, b. Oct. 6, 1828 ; m. Caroline Wood of Leomin ster and r. in West Cambridge. Louisa D., b. Feb, 21, 1830 ; m. George Reed of Auburn, N. H. Frederic G, D., b. Oct, 3, 1831; kiUed at the second BuU Run battle. Hannah E. D., b, June 5, 1834 ; m. Nathan Brown and r. In Walt. Dan Gray, b, Dec. 6, 1836. Charles Henry, b. April 23, 1838 ; killed in the army. Sarah Lovina, b. April 2, 1841. Mary Maria, b. March 16, 1843; m. March 24, 1861, Geo. G. Wheeler. Oliver 0., b. AprU 3, and d. April 5, 1845. 1- 2 3 4 5 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 75 There was another family of Fiskes in Lexington having no con nection with the David Fiske family. Samuel Fiske was b. in Salem, Sept. 30, 1789, He came to Lex. when a child, and resided with John Chandler, and by him was pre sented for baptism. May 29, 1803. He m. Jan. 25, 1818, ArdeUa L. Tufts of Charlestown, b. Jan. 7, 1795. She d. April 16, 1833. He resided in Lex. till about 1836, when he removed to Shirley, and from thence to Worcester, where he now resides. He represented Lex. in the General Court In 1828, '29, and '30. Lucy Ann, b. in Kinderhook, N. Y., May 7, 1819 ; m. Oct. 12, 1841, Joseph P. Hale of Bernardston. Ammi B., b, in Charlestown, Sept. 28, 1820; m. Dec. 28, 1846, Phebe James of Newburyport. Augusta, b. in Lex. Dec. 31, 1822; m. Sept. 3, 1848, Timothy W. Wellington. They moved to Shirley, and from thence to Wor. Lucrdia, b. July 12, 1825 ; m. Oct. 19, 1845, WUUam Hudson of Lex. They resided first in Lex., and in 1851 removed to Wor. He entered the service of the United States In 1861, was In Bum- side's expedition to North Carolina, attached to the signal corps, where he d. of disease Aug. 20, 1862. He left two children, John A., b. Dec. 26, 1846, and WUliam F., b. Oct. 3, 1848. Ardelia L., b. April 20, 1827 ; m. April 20, 1847, Lucius W. Pond of Worcester. Maria, b. Dec. 20, 1828 ; m. AprU 21, 1853, WiUiam C. PInkerton of Lancaster, Pa. Lydia C.,b. July 27, 1830. Samuel, b. March 23, 1833. He went to Lancaster, Pa., and m. Sept. 26, 1856, Amanda Stoddart of Philadelphia. THE FITOH FAMILY. Albert Fitch b. Feb. 14, 1817, was the son of Almond Fitch of Bed. He came to Lex. In 1861, with his family. He in. Nov. 24, 1841, Almira Cutler, dau. of Samuel Cutler, of Bed. b. Nov. 21, 1818. He has been several times one of the overseers of the poor. They have had three children: Frederic A„b Dec. 5, 1842 ; Ellen Maria, b, Sept. 2, 1846, d. Aug. 4, 1848 ; Ella Almira, b. Jan. 16, 1849. THE GAMMELL FAMILY. The first of this family came to this country about 1740, and set tled in Boston. He had at least two sons, John and WUliam, John Gammell was b. prior to 1760. He took an active part in many im portant events which preceded the Revolution. He was engaged in the destruction of the tea, and also of the stamp office. Immedi ately after the investment of Boston, he moved his family, consisting of a wife and one child, to Lex. On the 18th of June, 1776, he en listed into the Revolutionary army. William Gammell, b. 1750, in Boston, where he lived tiU he was fourteen years old, when he moved to Chelmsford. Like his brother he was an ardent patriot, and joined the Revolutionary army. He m. Thankful Keyes, of Chelmsford, and moved to Hillsborough, N. H. about 1779. He had a family of seven children. 1- 2 2- 3 45 1- 2 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. John Gammell, son of William, was b. in Hillsborough, Nov. 12, 1785. He came to Lex. in 1806, and m. May 17, 1810, Rhoda Robinson, dau of Joseph Robinson, of Lex. He d. Oct. 1, 1866, aged 81, and she died . John, b. Jan. 13, 1812; m. 1846, Martha A. Lakin, dau. of Samuel. Eliza, b. Aug. 21, 1813 ; d. Jan. 14, 1848. Franklin, b. May 29, 1816; ra. 1839, Emily C, dau. of Joseph E. Andrews, of Charlestown. He d. Feb. 22, 1842, — leaving one child, Joseph F., b. July 6, 1840. Eben, b, March 7, 1817; m. July 13, 1845, Elvira Wiley, of Charles town. She d. and he m. Nov. 3, 1850, Mary A. Butterfield, of Lex. He has had two children by his first wife, and eight by his second, viz. Lucy A., b, Oct. 29, 1846, d. Aug. 26, 1849; Eldora . E., b, Dec. 1848, d. Aug. 29, 1849 ; Edwin H„ b. Sept. 17, 1850, d. Aug. 29, 1857; Howard A., b. Dec. 19, 1852; Lucy E,, b. Dec. 6, 1854. d. Feb. 18, 1863; Abbie M., b. Sept. 28, 1856, d. Feb. 16, 1863 ; Minnie, b. Nov. 6. 1858, d. Jan. 14, 1863 ; George R., b. Sept. 13, 1860; Annie G., b, Nov. 5, 1862, d. Sept. 6, 1863; Ndlie M., b. Feb. 6, 1866. A remarkable instance of mortality. Margaret A., b. Nov. 1, 1818; d. Nov. 12, 1850. Jonas, b. Oct. 10, 1820. He has served on the board of overseers of the poor, and six or seven years as a member of the school committee. Lucy, b. Jan. 1, 1822. GLEASON. — There have been from time to time persons in town by the name of Gleason, but no permanent family till recently. George Gleason came to Lexington from Holden in 1753. Jonas Gleason m. April 30, 1771, Ruth Bacon, both of Lex. In 1772, Jonas was ad. to the ch , and his dau. Ruth bap. In 1795, he was dismissed to the ch. of Bedford. In 1776, Benjamin Gleason was taxed bothfor personal and real estate. There are two families of Gleasons in town at the present time, but the records do not furnish a connected list of the families, and no list being furnished us we are obliged to omit them. THE GODDARD FAMILY. Edward Goddard was a wealthy farmer In Norfolk, England. William Goddard, the seventh son of Edward, m. Elizabeth Miles, dau. of Benj. Miles. They resided In London, where they had six children, three of whom d. young. He and his wife, with their three remaining children, William, Joseph, and Robert, came to N. E. In 1665, and settled in Watertown, where he was made free man In 1677, and ad. to the ch. In 1688, and d. Oct. 6, 1691. She d. Feb. 8, 1698. He must have been a man of more than ordinary education, for he was employed by the town to " teach such children as were sent to him to learn the rules of the Latin tongue," They had five chUdren b. In Watertown, two of whom d. young. Edward Goddard, the youngest child of WiUiam, was b. In Watertown, March 24, '1675; m. June, 1697, Susanna Stone. He was a schoolmaster, and taught successively in Watertown, Boston, and Framingham. He was a prominent man, and filled almost every GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 77 3- 4 4- 5 5- 6 6- 7 89 10 1112 1314 6-9- 9-16 16 5-14- 17 place of honor and profit in the town of Framingham, where he took up his final residence; and the period during which he filled the different offices, furnishes the best evidence of his ability and fidelity. He was town clerk eighteen years, selectman ten years, town trea surer two years, representative eight years, and a member of the executive council three years. He was also a justice of the peace, and the captain of a company of horse. He d. Feb. 9, 1754, aged 79. They had nine children. Davtd Goddard, the third son of Edward, b. Sept. 26, 1706, grad. at H. C. 1731. He studied theology and settled at Leicester, June 30, 1769. He m. Aug. 19, 1736, Mercy Stone, of Watertown. She d. Jan. 4, 1753, and he m. Dec. 20, 1763, Martha, wid. of Joseph Nichols, of Framingham. He visited Framingham during the prevalence of an epidemic, known there as the " great sickness," contracted the disease, and d. Jan. 19, 1754, within less than a month of his marriage. His father and mother fell a prey to the same dis ease about the same time. His ministry was prosperous and happy. He had nine children. William Goddard, the second son of David, was b. April 21, 1740, grad. at H. C. 1761, and was settled as a minister at West moreland, N. H., 1764. He ra. Aug. 14, 1765, Rhoda Goddard, dan. of Edward and Hepzibah Goddard, his cousin. He was dis missed from Westmoreland on account of ill-health in 1775, removed to Orange, Mass., 1778, thence to Petersham, 1779, where he d, June 16, 1788, aged 48 ; she d. Dec 7, 1820, aged 80 years. They had eleven chUdren — nine born in Westmoreland and two In Peter sham. Asahel Goddard, the youngest son of William, b. in Petersham, May 6, 1780, m. Jan. 1, 1808, Nancy Keyes, of Reading, Vt., b. June 7, 1787. They resided In Reading, where all their children but the youngest were bom. He d. June 1, 1859. Eliza, b. Nov. 4, 1808 ; m. Jan. 25, 1848, Homer H. Hammond, widower of her sister Nancy. Amelia, b. AprU 6, 1810 ; d. Nov, 13, 1828. ^Alonzo, b. May 27, 1814; m. AprU 8, 1841, EUzabeth N. Smith. Nancy Maria, b, AprU 27, 1817 ; m. Sept. 22, 1844, Homer H. Hammond. Marcia, b. July 26, 1819. Lucia, b. Feb. 6, 1822 ; ra. Dec. 2, 1852, Carlos Wardner. Asahel, b. June 8, 1827 ; d. Oct. 14, 1847. ^Solomon Keyes, b, at Windsor, Vt., Oct. 3, 1831 ; m. Elizabeth M. Keyes, Alonzo Goddard m. April 8, 1841. ElizabethN. Smith, dau. of Ebenezer and Anna (Underwood) Smith. He has for several years served as one of the selectmen. He came to Lexington to reside permanently about 1850. Ellen E., b. AprU 29, 1846; in. May 31, 1863, Everett S. Locke. They have Alonzo E., b. Oct. 13, 1863; Martha C, b, Oct. 20, 1867. Alonzo A., b. April 1, 1847. Solomon K. Goddard m. May 31, 1858, Elizabeth M. Keyes, dau. of Solomon and Sophronia (Darly) Keyes. He came to Lex ington, ,1852, where he is now in trade. They have but one child — Mina Keyes, b. Nov. 2, 1864. 1- 2 2- 3 1- 2 3 4 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. GODDING. — Henr-y Godding and his wife Sarah confessed, and were ad. to the ch. in Lexington, May 1, 1761, and their first child Samuel, was bap. They were in 1766, dismissed to Rowley, Canada. John and Thomas Godding were in the French war from Lexington, 1762. GOODWIN. —Philip Goodwin, by wife Elizabeth, had Mar- gard, b. Jan. 25, 1700 ; AbigaU, b, June 28, 1707 ; John, b, Oct. 28, 1710. THE GOULD FAMILY. James Gould was b. In Boston, 1749. Being a wheelwright, he supplied wagons for the army during the revolution. He m. Anna Lawrence, who was b. 1742, and d. 1824, aged 82. He d. in 1789. They had five children, three of whom married,, viz , Thomas, Abi gail, and Mary. Thomas Gould was b. in Bridgewater, 1785 ; m. 1806, Sophia Levis, who d. 1812, leaving three children. He m. Lydia Pierce, b. 1790, dau. of Jonas and Lydia (Prentice) Pierce. Thomas Gould, Jr., b. in Boston, 1808; m. 1829, Lydia Ann W. Teel, b. in Newburyport, 1806, They resided in Boston till 1840, when they removed to Lex. Ann Maria, b. 1831 ; d. 1832, aged 7 months. Thomas W., b. 1834; m. 1855, Caroline- Goddard of Boston, where they reside, Charles W., b, 1836 ; d. 1865. Sophia Lovis, b, 1838 ; m.- 1861, Edward B. Bailey of Waltham. Anna Matilda, b. 1841. Lucy M. R., b, 1843 ; m. 1864, Frank Whiting. James Gould, from the same parent stock, m. March 26, 1826, Caroline W. Brooks, dau. of Calvin Brooks of Ashburnham. They resided in Charlestown till about 1845, when they moved to Lex. Francis J., b. Jan. 24, 1828-; grad. H, C. 1860; m. Sept. 26, 1859, Martha A. Rice. He Is a physician, r. in Georgia. Mary Caroline, b. July 10, 1830 ; d. May 24, 1864. Catharine Ann, b. Jan. 26, 1833; m. Jan. 13, 1860, Peter W. Hyndman of Prince Edwards Island, r. there. Rebecca Hicks, b. April 13, 1836 ; m. Jan. 6, 1862, Leonard A. Saville. Charles A., b. Oct. 10, 1837. He served in the army, and rose to the rank of captain — is now in Louisville, Ky. Arthur Frederic, b. July 30, 1841 ; he served nine months in the army in the rebeUion. , Sarah B., b, Dec. 17, 1843. Ellen Maria, b. Oct. 12, 1847 ; d. Dec. 16, 1866. THE GRAHAM FAMILY. Hugh Graham, b. in Putney, Vt., Dec. 6, 1804, was a son of Alexander Graham, who was son of Alexander Graham, one of the early settlers of Amherst, N. H. He came to Lex. about 1830. He GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 79 1- 2 1-4^ 4- 7 m. April 6, 1837, Hepzibah Marshall of Lunenburg. They have had four chUdren: Mary Jane, b, March 19, 1843; Martha A., b. Oct. 6, 1845, d. June 4, 1865; Sarali M,, b. Aug. 16, 1861; George A., b, Oct. 14, 1854. THE GREEN FAMILY. This name has never been common In Lexington. Samuel Green m. Esther . They probably came from Wo., where the Greens were numerous; and his wife was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Aug. 24, 1724, by a letter of dismission from the ch. in Wo. They came to Lex. about 1718, as their first child was bap. In Lex. that year. He held some subordinate town office In 1724. There Is but little known of this family. They probably resided near the middle of the town, as he was employed in 1720 to ring the bell, sweep the meeting house, and keep the key. He d. Aug. 10, 1769, aged 63. Esther, b. Sept. 7, 1718; m. Sept. 26, 1734, when she was only 16, Amos Muzzy. He d. June 26, 1752, and she m. May 4, 1768, Thomas Prentice, Esq., of Newton, who d. March 3, 1760. Phd)e, b. AprU 22, 1721 ; d. Aug. 9, 1722. •[Samud, b. April 17, 1723. Elizabdh, b, June 22, 1727 ; ad. to ch. Nov. 7, 1742 ; d. June 10, 1750, Benjamin, b. Dec. 2, 1732 ; probably went to W^altham and m. 1756, Martha Brown, and in 1770 ra. Eunice Smith. This may have been the Benjamin Green who d. In Lex. Oct. 26, 1822. Samuel Green m. AprU 3, 1750, Kezia Smith. There is little or nothing known of this family. Samud, bap. Aug. 16, 1752 ; perhaps the Samuel Green who was dismissed to the ch. in Charlemont, March 28, 1779. There were other Greens in Lex. from time to time, but whether they were connections of the Samuel Green family, I have no means of knowing, Thomas Green came to Lex. from Camb. 1782. WUliam Green and family came from Wo. 1792, Lucy Clark Green d. in Lex, Oct. 28, 1793. Benjamin Green was taxed in Lex. in 1784 and .1785, and subse quently as a non-resident. Isaac Green, of Lex., m. Sept. 5, 1778, Eleanor Tnfts of Medford, THE GREENLEAF FAMILY, The Greenleaf family of Lex, probably descended from Edmund Greenleaf of Newbury, who settled there 1635, He had a son, Stephen, who m. Sarah Kent, and had among other chUdren Stephen, who m. EUzabetli Gerrish In 1676. They had a large family, and among them Stephen, b. Oct. 21, 1690. This Stephen was probably the Stephen Greenleaf of Medford, who m. Mary, and had six chil dren. Gardiner, their first chUd, b. Jan. 9, 1726, m. Jan. 21, 1748, Catharine Thompson. He d. Nov. 21, 1808. Jonathan Greenleaf, the fourth child of Gardiner, b, June 9, 1754, m. May 5; 1778, Joanna JVIanning, lO HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 3 45 6 78 1-5- 5- 9 1011 1- 24 6 1-2- 9 101112 2 8- 8-13 15 Jonathan, b. Feb. 16, 1784. Joanna, b. Dec. 28, 1786 ; m. Amos Locke of Lex. William, b. Oct. 7, 1788. •[Thomas, b. Aug. 1, 1791; m. Oct. 2, 1822, Phebe Reed. Mary M., b. Dec. 28, 1792; d. unm. aged 17, Joseph, b, Jan. 31, 1794; d. unm. Sarah, b. Oct. 25, 1797 ; m. Upson. Thomas Greenleaf m Oct. 2, 1822, Phebe Reed, dau, of Joshua and Susanna (Leathers) Reed. He d. Sept. 29, 1862, aged 70. He resided iu Lex. William, b. Oct. 25, 182.5 ; m. Esther Horton of Gorham, Me. Thomas, b. Dec. 17, 1826. Mary, b. Sept. 12, 1830 ; d. May 17, 1848. THE GRIMES FAMILY. There were Grimeses in Lex. at the time the town was incorpo rated. The earliest record of any of the name Is June 28, 1713. when Jonathan Grimes was bap., but the name of the parents is not given, nor have I ascertained from what place they came. George Grimes d. in Lex. July 28, 1716, aged 76. He could hardly have been the father of Jonathan. I am inclined to believe that William Is the ancestor of the Lex. family. It Is most likely he had other chUdren, but I will set down the family as follows : William Grimes m. Mary, who was ad. to the ch. June 30, 1717. He d. June 1, 1719, aged 43. His gravestone is in the old yard in Lexington. \William, b. 1706. Jonathan, bap. June 28, 1713. Elizabdh, bap. June 30, 1717. 3 Mary, b. , 6 Joseph, bap. Aug. 21, 1715. 7 Ruth, bap. May 13, 1719. William Grimes m. Bethia . and she d. March 16, 1772, aged 49. He d. Dec. 3, 1766, aged 60, •[WiUiam, b, Sept. 19, 1744; m. Jan. 21, 1766, AbigaU Reed. Joseph, b. Oct. 22, 1746 ; d. March 26, 1750. John, bap. Dec. 25, 1748 ; d. March 28, 1760, Mary, bap. July 28, 1761 ; m. Sept. 18, 1770, Samuel Ditson of BU. Sarah, bap. Aug, 14, 1753, William Grimes m. Jan. 21, 1766, AbigaU Reed, dau. of Wil Uam and AbigaU (Stone) Reed, b. Sept. 22, 1744. They were ad, to the ch. Nov. 8, 1767. He was a member of Capt. Parker's com pany, was on the Common on the 19th of April, 1775, and was also in a detachment of that company called to Camb, May 10 and June 17 of the same year. He also did other service in the revolutionary war. He resided in the north part of the town, near where Mr. Cummings now resides, on Grove Street, which place stUl retains the name of Its original owner and occupant. They were dismissed to the ch. at Littleton, Jan. 20, 1793, to which place they had removed. William, b. May 22, 1768. Nathan, bap. Dec. 20, 1772. 14 Nabby, bap. June 24, 1770. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 81 1-2- 2- 3 - 678 9 10 1- 23 45 6 78 9 10 THE GROVER FAMILY. John and Antipas Grover came to Lexington from Grafton iri 1789. The family have not been numerous, but remain in town to the present time. John and Antipas are believed to be brothers. Their father's name is said to be Benjamin, and hence we shall set down as the head of the family Benjamin Grover, probably of Grafton. John Grover m. Aug. 12, 1790, Polly Pierce. He resided in the part of the town commonly known as Scotland. She was b. Oct. 12, 1770, and d. Oct. 15, 1864, aged 74. John, b. April, 1792. He m. Sarah Merriam, of Bedford. They resided a few years in Lexington, where they had three children born, viz. Mary Ann, Edward, and John; they then moved to Boston, where he died. Nathaniel, b. June 4, 1794. He went to Boston, m. Katharine Biscom, of Charlestown. They now reside In Chelsea. William, b. Oct. 17, 1796 ; m. Oct. 13, 1829, Lucy Harrington, and second, Oct. 8, 1834, Maria Fessenden, dau. of Nathan Fessen den. They reside on Lowell street, near Woburn. street. They have the following children. William Henry, b. April 21, 1837. Caroline M., b, Sept. 6, 1838. She is a teacher in Boston. Charles A., b. March 24, 1841. Mary Jane, b. Aug. 29, 1843 ; d. June 25, 1847. Alice Jane, b. Feb. 17, 1846. Antipas Grover m. May 27, 1794, Sarah Pierce. They lived on LoweU street near where George Munroe now resides. They had one child bom in Lexington, as seen by the record — Nathan Grover b. Jan. 1, 1795. They burled an infant Feb. 4, 1796. They moved to FitzwiUIam, N. H. THE HADLEY FAMILY. The Hadleys, or Headleys, as the name Is sometimes spelt in our records, first appear about 1740 ; from what place they came we have not ascertained. The records of the family are very imperfect, and tradition but poorly supplies the defect. Thomas Hadley ra. April 15, 1741, Ruth Lawrence, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth Lawrence. He d. July 15, 1788, in his 76th year, hence must have been bom 1712. She d. May 26, 1819, at the advanced age of 94. He was a member of the gallant band who appeared under Capt. Parker in 1775, He was probably a son of Benjamin and Mehitable Hadley, of Groton, b. Aug. 11, 1712. Elizabdh, b. May 11, 1742 ; d. AprU 18, 1832, unm. aged 90. Thomas, b. July 3, 1744 ; d. in early infancy. \Samud, b. July 9, 1746 ; killed on the Common, April 19, 1775. Buth, b. May 15, 1749 ; d. In infancy. Ebenezer, b. May 6, 1751 ; m. May 11, 1779, Phebe Winship. \Thomas, b. July 8, 1764. \Benjamin, b, July 25, 1756. Ruth, b. June 1, 1759 ; m. Nov. 30, 1780, James Fowle, of Camb. \Simon, b, July 26, 1761 ; ra. Jan.. 27, 1791, Olive Porter, of Bed. 82 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 11 1213 1-4- 4-14 16 16 1-7- 1-8- 8-17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1-10- Sarah,b, Nov. 26, 1764; m. April 26, 1784, David Fiske, 3d. Mary, b. May 20, 1767 ; d. In Boston, unm, John, b, Aug. 6, 1770 ; d. in Cambridge, _ Samuel Hadley m. Betty Jones. He was of the number who died for freedom on the first morning of the Revolution, and whose memory is embalmed in the hearts of his countrymen. After his death his widow m. again. Luey, bap. AprU 22, 1772. Bdty, bap. May 24, 1772 ; m. Dec. 25, 1793, WiUiam Blackington, of West Cambridge. Samud, bap. May 8, 1774, Thomas Hadley m. Sept, 16, 1778, Alice Newton, of Bedford, She united with the ch. In Lexington, July 16, 1778. In September of the same year, three of their children. Amity, Alice, and Calley, were baptized. He probably d. about 1784, and she ra. Feb. 21, 1785, Samuel Merriam, of Bedford, The record of the marriage has this addendum : " Said Alice Hadley married in a borrowed suit of cloathes." We find no record of the birth of his children ; but find the marriage of Thomas Statson, of Boston, and Amity Hadley, of Lexington, Feb. 26, 1792, who was probably his daughter. The singularity of her wedding suit probably arose from a notion which formerly prevailed, that if a man married a wife, and had no property with her, he could not be held responsible for any of her debts. Hence he took her jyithout even the clothing she had on. Benjamin Hadley m. Lucy Dean, of Wilmington. He was a member of that patriot band commanded by Capt. Parker In 1775. Benjamin, b. He went to Charlestown, m. Martha Ireland, and d. 1862. Samuel, b. March 30, 1785 ; d. In the army, 1813. John, b, Aug. 10, 1788 ; m. Jan. 1, 1822, Susan Harrington. Thomas, b. ; m. Thankful Whitney, went to N. Y, Jonas, b. ; m. Mary Ann Whitney. Martha, b, ; ra. Joseph LIttlefield, lived at Somerville, Lucy, b, ; m. Joseph Miller, lives at Sandwich. Eliza, b. ; d. Aug. 1857, unm. in Lexington. As we have no record of this family, they may not be arranged in chronological order. Simon Hadley m. Jan. 27, 1791, Olive Porter, of Bedford. Previous to his marriage, we find this entry upon the town record : "Betsey Hadley, dau. of Simeon Hadley and Betty Locke, born April 11, 1784"; from which we infer that he may have had two wives, and that Olive Porter was his second wife. There are several families of Hadleys in town at the present day, but the imperfect records, and the want of the necessary information In the families on this subject, prevent a proper classification, or a connection of them with the Hadleys mentioned above. The follow ing is all that has been obtained. Sewell Hadley, thought to be the son of Samuel, m. Lovina Hall, of West Camb. She d. May 14, 1841, aged 39. They had 1- 2 456 8 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 83 the foUowing chUdren, viz. Lovina, b. Aug. 31, 1819; m. Dec. 25, 1844, George Stearns ; Sewell Thomas, b. ; Benjamin, b, Apr. 12, 1828 ; Mary Ann, twin with Benjamin. Sewell Thomas Hadley m. Nov. 30, 1846, MiUicent A. D. Lakin, dau. of Samuel. They have had Charles S., b. Sept. 22, 1850; d. Jan. 7, 1856; Avery T., b. May 25, 1853; MUlicent A,, b, Aug. 28, 1865; Addle C„ b, Jan. 12, 1858; Florence E., b. Jan. 3, 1861 ; L, Evelyn, b. July 22, 1863. Benjamin Hadley m. Anna Hall, July 4, 1862. They have four chil. Gilbert P., b, July 16, 1853; Warren; Charles; Anna, Jonas Hadley, son of Benjamin, b. 1809; m. April, 1841, Mary Ann Whitney, of Wat. dau. of Jonathan Whitney. They have Jonas H., h, Nov. 1, 1846 ; Mary Eliza, b. Jan. 6, 1850. THE HALL FAMILY. Ammi Hall, son of Ebenezer Hall of West Camb., b. Jan. 16, 1798 ; in. AprU 21, 1834, Eliza CrandaU of Salem. He came to Lex. when a young man, and d. here AprU 10, 1867, aged 70 years. They have had but one child, Eliza A., b. Jan. 25, 1835. THE HAM FAMILY. William Ham, b. at Grampond, County of Cornwall, Eng., Nov. 21, 1818. He came to this country in 1837, and settled in Charlgs- town, where he remained till 1855. In 1866, he settled in Lex. Though he left old Eng. In 1837, the remembrance of early acquain tance induced him to revisit his native country, and take Mary Grose as a wife. They were m. Jan. 21, 1846. They have had six chil dren. WUliam F.., b. Aug. 2, 1846; he has served three years in the U. S. army ; Walter T., b. Julv 17, 1848 ; Lucy Ann, b, Feb. 21, 1850; Joseph F., b. Feb. 1"4, 1863"; Mary P., b. AprU 11, 1855, d, AprU 15, 1865 ; Jane T., b. Sept. 11, 1857, THE HANCOCK FAMILY. Though we have had occasion to speak of Rev. John Hancock, the second minister of Lex., and of several members of that family, I will, in accordance with the plan I have adopted, give a connected view of the family. Nathaniel Hancock was in. Camb. as early as 1636. He m. Jane, and had a large family of children. His oldest child may have been born before he came to this country. He d, 1662. Mary, b. Nov, 3, 1634. 3 Sarah, b. March 3, 1636. '^Nathanid, b, Dec, 13, 1638; m. Mary Prentice, March 8, 1664. John, b. AprU ; d. AprU 2, 1642. Elizabdh, b. March 1, 1644. 7 Lydia, b. July 2, 1646. Abigail, b. ; d. May 7, 1672. Ann, b. ; d. Oct. 5, 1672. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-4- 4- 9 1012 13 14 151618 19 2021 4-14- 14-22 23 2425 26 4-15- 17-27 28 29 Nathaniel Hancock m. March 8, 1664, Mary, dau. of Henry Prentice of Camb. He was a dea. of the ch., and appears to have enjoyed thCjConfidence of his fellow- citizens. He d. April 12, 1719, In his eighty-first year. Nathaniel, b. Feb. 28, 1665 ; d. same year. Mary, b. May 6, 1666. 11 Sarah, b. Aug. 23, 1667. Nathaniel, b. Oct. 29, 1668. He m. Prudence, who d. July 15, 1742, aged 72. He had five children, among whom was Nathaniel, b. .Jan. 14, 1701, grad. atH. C. 1721, settled as a clergyman, and d. 1744. AbigaU, b. Dec. 22, 1669 ; d. young. '[John, b. Dec. 1671; grad. H. C, 1689. \8amuel, b. June 2, 1673 ; m. Dorothy . Abigail, b. Aug. 25, 1676. 17 Elizabdh, b, Aug. 26, 1677. Ebenezer, b. March 28, 1681 ; m. Susanna Clark, Jan. 14, 1702. Joseph, b. AprU 28, 1683. Thomas, b. 1685 ; m. Oct. 30, 1712, Susanna FethergiU. Solomon, b. . John Hancock grad. H. C. 1689, and settled In Lex. He m. Elizabeth Clark, dau. of Bev. Thomas, and Mary Clark of Chelms ford. Mr. Clark was b. in Boston about 1662, grad. H. C. 1670, settled in Chelmsford, 1677, d. Dec. 7, 1704. His wife, Mary, d. Dec. 2, 1700, and Mr Clark m. Elizabeth Whiting of Billerica. Mr. Hancock probably resided in that part of Camb. which is now Newton. In the church record kept by Rev. Mr. Hancock, we find this entry. "Oct. 16, 1698. I was received into full communion with the church of Christ in this place (Lexington) by virtue of a letter of dismission from the ch. of Christ in Newtowne." He was ordained at Lex. Nov. 2, 1698. He d. Dec. 5, 1752, in the eighty- first year of his age, and in the fifty-fifth of his ministry. His wife d. Feb. 13, 1760. I have had occasion to speak oi Bishop Hancock, as he was familiarly called, in all the relations of life, and have done it so fully that it is entirely unnecessary to add anything more in this place. His remains rest In a tomb In Lex. with those of his wife and son Ebenezer, together with those of his successor. Rev. Jonas Clarke, and his family. •'John, b. June 1, 1702; m. Mrs. Mary H. Thaxter. •[Thomas, b. July 13, 1703; m. Lydia Henchman. Elizabdh, b. Feb 6, 1706; m. Rev. Jonathan Bowman of Dorches ter. She was bap. the day of her birth. Ebenezer, b. Dec. 7, 1710. He was grad. H. C. 1728, was settled a colleague with his father Jan. 2, 1734, and d. Jan. 28, 1740, with out issue. He was highly esteemed by the people of the parish. Lucy, b. April 20, 1713 ; m Rev. Nicholas Bowes of Bedford. It Is a. singular fact that Lucy Hancock, the daughter of a clergyman, married a clergyman, and her daughter, Lucy, became the wife of Rev. Jonas Clarke of Lex., and that from them clergymen have proceeded as streams from a fountain. Samuel Hancock m- Dorothy . He probably came to Lex. about the time of his brother's settlement, as his son John was bap. here in Sept. 1699. He was ad. to the ch. In Lex. AprU 10, 1715. John, bap. Sept. 10, 1699; d. In Camb. March 18, 1776, aged 77. Mary, bap. April 19, 1702 ; probably m. James Thompson of Wo. Solomon, bap. June 18, 1704. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 85 Samud, bap. July 21, 1706 ; d. June 14, 1716. 31 Hannah, bap. Feb. 27, 1709. 32 Sarah, bap. Feb. 17, 1712. 14-22- John Hancock grad. at H. C. 1719, and was ordained at Brain tree, Nov. 2, 1728, and d. May 7, 1744. He m. Mary H., widow of Samuel Thaxter of Braintree. He was a divine of more than ordi nary ability, and, though he d. young, had arisen to distinction in his profession, and so gave weight to the character and celebrity of the name. 22-33 34 36 14-23- 22-33- jJnhn, b. Jan. 23, 1737 ; m. 1775, Dorothy Quincy. Ebenezer, b. Nov. 26, 1741 ; m. Eliza Lowell. Mary, b. ; m. Richard Perkins, and d. 1779. Thomas Hancock m. Nov. 6, 1730, Lydia Henchman. He was a merchant in Boston, was eminentl.v successful, and accumulated a large fortune. He d. 1764, without issue, and gave the great mass of his property to John, his nephew, a son of his brother John of Braintree, deceased. He built a house In Lexington for his honored father about 1735, which afterward became the property afid resi dence of Rev. Jonas Clarke, his father's successor. The house is now standing, and Is revered for Its age and associations. John Hancock m. at Fairfield, Conn., Sept. 4, 1776, Dorothy Quincy, dau. of Edmund Quincy of Boston. The relations which John Hancock sustained to the town of Lex. — the birthplace of his father, and the residence of some of his near relations and esteemed friends ; the place where he had spent some seven years of his boy hood, and where he was boarding temporarily at the opening of the Revolutionary drama — will justify us in going a little beyond our ordinary course, and noticing somewhat in detail the character and services of this Revolutionary patriot. John Hancock was left an orphan by the death of his father, when he was but seven years of age. His education was intrusted to the care of his relatives, and he spent the greater portion of his boyhood with his grandfather In Lex. He was graduated at Harvard College In 1764. He entered the store or counting house of his uncle Thomas as a clerk, where he acquired a knowledge of business, and learned the importance of commerce to the colony. He made such proficiency in business, that in 1760 he was sent abroad to look after the affairs of the house ; ' and was In England, and present at the funeral of George II., and at the coronation of George III., — pageants not uncongenial to his taste. Soon after his return to this country, and about the time that the oppressive policy of the British ministry began to develop itself, he came into possession of the princely fortune left him by his uncle. It is well known that great efforts were made by the Royalists to engage him on the side of the mother country. Standing, as he did, almost at the head of the merchants of Boston, It was a great object to enlist him In the Royal cause. The safety of his large property, the flattering offers of promotion and place, would naturally have their Influence on a young man of Hancock's taste and temperament, coming at once into possession of such an estate ; and It was at one time suspected that ho was Inclined to join the royal party. But happily for him and for America, there were other influences which were brought to bear upon him. That stern and inflexible patriot, Samuel Adams, who in a manner held the fortunes of the colony in his hand, contributed in no small degree to the wise choice which Hancock made. There was another influence, more silent but more controUng, which contributed to the formation of his character. 69 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Rev. Jonas Clarke of Lexington, his old college acquaintance, had married a cousin of Hancock's. Mr. Clarke was then residing in the house erected by Thomas Hancock of Boston for a residence of his venerable father. In this mansion young Hancock had spent a por tion of his early life. All these circumstances would naturally draw him to Lexington. And it Is well known that there was a peculiar Intimacy between him and Mr. Clarke, whose devotion to the Inter ests of the Colony was well known and acknowledged. The dignity of character, the urbanity of manners, and the commanding talents of the patriotic priest, must have Impressed the mind of the pliant and generous young merchant. And those who know the character and talents and patriotic devotion to the cause of liberty of Mr. Clarke, will not doubt that his Influence upon his nephew must have been great and controlling, and all in the right direction. Under such influences John Hancock chose the better part,, and devoted himself and his ^11 to the cause of his country. Having made his choice, no inan in the community was more decided, and no man had more at stake. With his large property in the town of Boston at the mercy of the enemy, he declared himself perfectly willing, if It was thought the best policy, to lay the place in ashes. At a meet ing of the "North End Caucus," an association of patriots of which he was a member, the question of the best mode of expelling the regulars from Boston being under discussion, he exclaimed, " Burn Boston, and make John Hancock a beggar, if the public good requires it." In a letter to Washington, dated Dec. 22, 1775, in forming him that Congress had authorized him to attack the British In the town of Boston, If he thought It expedient, Hancock employs this patriotic language, — " I heartily wish It, though personally I may be the greatest sufferer." No one can doubt the patriotism of John Hancock. He came In direct contact with Royal authority, and was ever found true and reliable. The manner in which he was treated by the crown officers shows that they regarded him as hope lessly lost to their cause. He was elected a representative from Bos ton, and also a member of the Council, but was rejected and spurned by the royal prerogative. In 1767 Gov. Bernard sent him a lieuten ant's commission, but he tore it in pieces in presence of the citizens. He was captain of the cadets, the Governor's body guard, and was removed by Gage. He also received several personal indignities from the British troops stationed In Boston before the breaking out of hostilities. The fact that he was coupled with Samuel Adams in the proclamation of Gage immediately after the battle of Lexington, and proscribed as beyond the pale of executive clemency,. shows the light In which he was viewed by the minions of power. In 1774, John Hancock was selected as the orator to deliver the address on the anniversary of the Boston massacre, and the bold. Independent manner in which he spoke of the rights of the people, gave great offence to the friends of Parliament. John Adams, who was present, says of this performance, " the composition, the pro nunciation, the action, all exceeded the expectations of everybody. They exceeded even mine, which were very considerable." In the same year John Hancock was elected,to represent the town of Boston at a General Court, which was called at Salem. And although Gage subsequently to the election Issued a proclamation excusing their at tendance, many of the representatives assembled, and after waiting one day, they organited themselves Into a convention, and elected John Hancock chairman ; and when the same body resolved them selves Into a Provincial Congress, they organized by choosing John Hancock President, and adjourned to Concord, During the session measures were "adopted looking directly to open resistance, and no GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 87 one of that band of patriots was more firm and decided than he who presided over their deliberations. He was elected chairman of the Committee of Safety, and also of the committee to take into consid eration the state of the Province — the two most Important commit tees. During the same Congress he was chosen a delegate to the Continental Congress, which met at Philadelphia, May 10, 1775. Having taken a seat in that august body, he found that his fame had preceded him, for on the third day of the session he was chosen unaniraously to succeed Peyton Randolph, as President. He was President of Congress In 1776, and when the Declaration of Independence was first circulated among the members of that body, it bore the name of John Hancock alone, as President of the Con gress, he being the first to affix his name to an Instrument which would have proved the death-warrant of the signers, if the cause of the Col onies had not succeeded ; and it is said that the bold and striking characteristics of his signature served to Inspire confidence and con firm the doubtful. He resigned his station as President in October, 1777, owing to ill-health. In 1780, John Hancock was elected a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution, and was the first Governor of Massachusetts after its adoption, to which office he was several times reelected. As a man and a public servant, he was noted for his benevolence and hospitality — spending his money freely to enter tain distinguished guests, or to relieve the distresses of the poor and unfortunate. Gov. Hancock was elected a delegate to the State Convention on the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and was made President of that body. For a time it was exceedingly doubtful whether the Constitution would be ratified or rejected. Hancock favored the scheme of adopting It, aud at the same time proposing certain amend ments to obviate the objections which had been made to it. This plan was adopted, and the Constitution was ratified by a small major ity. It was thought at the time that without his Influence It would have been lost. On taking the question he said, " I should have con sidered it one of the most distressing misfortunes of my life to be deprived of giving my aid and support to a system which, if amended, as I feel assured It will be, according to your proposals, cannot fail to give the people of the United States a greater degree of political freedom, and eventuaUy as much national dignity as falls to the lot of any nation on earth. The question now before you is such as no na tion on earth, without the limits of America, has ever had the priv Uege of deciding." Thus are we In a manner indebted to John Hancock for the blessed Constitution under which we live, and which has fully verified his prediction. The public mind has been somewhat divided in its estimate of the talents of John Hancock, and of the importance of his public services. In point of ability he held a highly respectable rank. His talents were of a popular and showy, rather than of a profound character. Though he had not tUe far-reaching sagacity of Samuel Adams, or the logical acumen of Joseph Hawley or John Adams, or the active, stirring energy of Warren, yet he filled a place among the patriots of that day which no other man could fill, and exerted an influence highly beneficial to the great cause of freedom — ope rating in commercial circles where the motive of interest strongly tended to the royal cause. He may have been vain, but vanity can be pardoned when it can justly boast of making so great a sacrifice for the benefit of coming generations. He may have been ambitious ; but his ambition was of a public character. He desired promotion that he might further a good cause — he sought place that he might 33-36 37 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. dispense his liberal fortune, and show that the hospitalities and even the graces and refinements of life were not of necessity confined to princes, and that those "who wore soft raiment are not" always, " iit kings' houses." Whatever blemishes of character a fastidious criti cism may discover in John Hancock, we are satisfied that but few men, in this or any other country, can point to acts more noble, and to sacrifices more disinterested than those which appear in his char acter ; and few men ever gave greater evidence of active devotion to their country's welfare. And when we say that in point of talent and influence he fell below Samuel Adams, we only say of him what would be true of any other man of that day ; for in reference to talents in the broadest sense of that term, Samuel Adams had no equal. Others may have been more learned, or may have excelled him in some particulars ; but in his knowledge of the science of human government, and of the great principles of rational liberty — in his knowledge of men and the springs of action in the hum;in heart, he certainly had no superior. And when we consider that this knowledge was ever under the con trol of that lofty patriotism, that unconquerable fidelity to principle, that calm and indomitable will for which he was always distinguished, we can truly say of him that he was the founder of civil liberty In Massachusetts — in New England — In America. The author of the "Life of Samuel Adams," has shown that he was second to no man among us ; and his memory will be cherished as long as civil liberty has an enlightened devotee. John Hancock resided In Boston, In what was then regarded as a princely mansion on Beacon street, fronting upon, and overlooking the Common. The house stood till 1863, when it was taken down. An effort had been made by the State to purchase the property and preserve the mansion for the residence of the successive Governors of the Commonwealth ; that they might show their respect for the illus trious patriot who first graced and adorned it; and that his disin terested patriotism might warm the breast of those who might be called to fill the high office first filled and adorned by John Hancock. Mr. Hancock always cherished a fond recollection of Lexington, as the birth-place of his father, the residence of his grandfather, and the place where he spent the playful portion of his boyhood. He also revered It as the place where he took counsel with Rev. Jonas Clarke on matters of awful moment ; and the place where under his own direction the patriotic men of Lexington stood firmly before the invaders of their rights. This attachment to Lexington he mani fested by gifts to the church and society. We have said before, that John Hancock m. September 4, 1775, Dorothy Quincy of Boston, dau. of Edmund Quincy. He d. Oct. 8, 1793, aged 66. She m. July 28, 1796, James Scott, the master of a London packet, formerly In the employ of her first husband. She outlived Capt. Scott many years, and retained her faculties to the last. She was a lady of superior education and accomplishments, and was gifted with wonUerful powers of conversation . She was one of the first persons sought by Lafayette, when he visited this country in 1824. " Those who witnessed this hearty interview, speak of it with admiration. The once youthful chevalier and the unrivalled belle met, as if only a summer had passed since they had enjoyed social interviews in the perils of the Revolution," She d. Feb. 3, 1830, aged 83 years. Lydia, b, and d. in Philadelphia, 1776. , John George Washington, b. 1778, and was killed at Milton, when skating on the ice, Jan. 27, 1787. Thus the family of John Hancock became extinct. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 89 1011 121314 1-3- 3-15 161718 19 1-6- 6-20 2122232425 8-16- THE HARRINGTON FAMILY. The name of Harrington is found In almost every town in New England ; and It is probable that most, if not all of them, descended from or at least were relatives of Robert Harrington of Watertown, who was in that town as early as 1642. He had a numerous family, who were widely dispersed. He came from England where many of his children were born. George Harrington, from whom our Lexington Harrington de scended, was probably a son or brother of Robert. He m. Susanna , and had, as was common in those days, a large family of thirteen children. He resided in Watertown. Two of his grand children settled in Lexington. Susanna, b. Aug. 18, 1649 ; m. Feb. 9, 1661, John Cutting. •[John, b. Aug, 24, 1661 ; d. Aug. 24, 1741. Robert, b, Aug. 31, 1663 ; probably d. young. George, b. Nov. 24, 1655. He belonged to Capt.Wadsworth's com pany, and was killed by the Indians at Lan. 1675. •[Daniel, b. Nov. 1, 1667_; ad. freeman 1690. Joseph, b, Dec. 28, 1659'; ad. freeman 1690. Benjamin, b. June 26, 1662 ; d. 1724. Mary, b. Jan." 12, 1664; m. about 1680, John Bemis, and had four teen children. Thomas, b. April 20, 1665 ; ad. freeman 1690. Samuel, b. Dec. 18, 1666. Edward, b. March 2, 1669. Sarah, b, March 10, 167l ; m. Nov. 24, 1687, Joseph Winship of Cambridge. David, b, June 1, 1673 ; d. March 11, 1675. John Harrington m. Nov. 17, 1681, Hannah Winter, dau. of John Winter, Jr., of Watertown, but afterwards of Camb. Farms; She d. July 17, 1741, and he d. Aug. 24, 1741, in that part of Wa tertown now Waltham. Hannah, b. Aug. 9, 1682 ; m. April 29, 1703, Eleazer Hammond of Newton. \John, b, Oct. 1684 ; ra. Ap. 12, 1705, Ellz. Cutter of Camb. Farms. Mary, b. May 11, 1687 ; m. March 8, 1709, Thomas Hammond. Lydia, bap. March 2, 1690. James, bap, AprU 2, 1695. 19i Patience, bap. Oct, 10, 1697, Daniel Harkington m. Oct. 18, 1681, Sarah Whitney. She d. June 8, 1720, and he m. second, Oct. 25, 1720, Elizabeth, wid. of Capt. Benjamin Garfield, and dau. of Matthew and Anna Bridge of Cambridge. Danid, b. Feb. 24, 1684; d. young. '[Robert, b, July 2, 1686 ; m. Nov. 15, 1711, Anna Harrington. Danid, b, July 10, 1687. Jonathan, b, March 21, 1690; m. Feb. 28, 1724, Elizabeth Bigelow. Joseph, b, Feb. 4, 1691. Sarah, b, Oct. 28, 1693 ; m. June 11, 1711, Nathaniel Livermore. John Harrington ra. April 12, 1706, Elizabeth Cutter, then of Camb. Farms, but now Lex., where he settled. His name appears upon our records for the first time in 1713, when John Harrington 90 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 16-26 27 28 2930 31 3233 6-21- 21-34 3536 37 3889 16-26- 26-40 4142434446 474860 16-27- appeared before the selectmen, and offered on certain conditions, to give the right of way across his land. His residence must have been easterly oi Hancock Hill, near the residence of the late Joseph Fiske. He d. Nbv. 29, 1750. Some articles in the inventory of his estate, show the fashions of the day — " Leather britches, a new dark wigg, sundry old wiggs, yarn leggens, pistols, warming pan, wooden plates." \Richard, b. Sept. 26, 1707. moses, b. Jan. 6, 1710; d. Jan. 11, 1787. '[Henry, b. Jan. 8, 1712. John, b. March 22, 1714 ; d. Aug. 29, 1750. Hannah, bap. in Watertown, Feb. 20, 1716. William, b. Feb. 4, 1717 ; d. Sept. 28, 1717. Abigail, b. Dec. 4, 1718 ; m. Mar. 1, 1738, John PaUs of Townsend. Caleb, b. July 13, 1721 ; d. 1747. Robert Harrington m. Nov. 15, 1711, Anna Harrington of Watertown, dau. of Samuel and Grace Harrington. He was a black smith, and settled in Lexington on the main street, near the present residence o.f P. P. Pierce. His name first appears upon our church records in 1712, when Samuel Harrington was bap., his father Robert owning the covenant. He was chosen a fence viewer in 1713, so he must have been a permanent resident at that time. He d. Feb. 5, 1774, aged 89, and she d. Oct. 16, 1777, aged 85. He was cousin to John, who came to Lexington from Watertown about the same time. These two were the ancestors of the numerous family of Harring tons which afterwards appear on our records. Samiid, b. July 28, 1712 ; d. Sept. 29, 1712. Samuel, b, April 15, 1714. Anna, b. June 2, and bap. in Watertown, June 10, 1716. Shem. her cousin. Rev. Timothy Harrington. He was settled at Swan zey, N. H. That town was destroyed by the Indians, April 2, 1747, and he was the next year settled at Lancaster, Mass., where hed. May 17, 1778. ^Robert, b. AprU 26, 1719 ; m. AbigaU Mason. i Jonathan, b. May 21, 1723. Grace, bap. Dec. 4, 1729 ; d. AprU 10, 1759, unm. Richard Harrington m. Abigail . He resided on Adams street, near where George F. Chapman now resides. Ebenezer, b. March 16, 1733 ; probably d. young. Thankful, b. Jan. 16, 1734 ; d. unm. Thaddeus, b. Sept. 9, 1736. Enrolled In Capt. Parker's co. 1775. Hannah, b. March 8, 1738. Ephraim, b. March 2, 1739 ; d. Oct. 20, 1742. Nathan, b, Dec. 26, 1740. 46 Ebenezer, b. March, 16, 1743. Solomon, b. Jan. 27, 1746 ; d. Nov. 12, 1760. Stephen, b. May 23, 1748. 49 Simeon, b, July 8, 1750. Seth, b. Oct. 30, 1762, 61 Abigail, b, Aug. 9, 1764, Moses Harrington m. Martha ? who was ad. to the ch, June 2, 1734. We learn by tradition that he had several children, though the records are silent upon the subject. He d, Jan, 11, 1787. It Is said that he had Moses, Bdsey, and Caleb, the latter of whom was the Caleb Harrington who was killed on the Common on the 19th of April, 1775. He Is said to have been about twenty-five years of age at the time of his death. Betsey m. first, Ebenezer White, and, second, Thomas Cutler. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 91 16-28- 28-52 53545566575859606162 21-37- .37-63 6465 6667 6869 70 21-38- 38-71 7273 7476 7677 78 Henry Harrington ni. June 4, 1736, Sarah Laughton, dau. of Dea. John and Sarah Laughton. She d. in childbed. May 16, 1760, and he m. second, Abigail , the widow of Ebenezer Blodgett. She lived to a great age, and was a woman of great peculiarities. Henry Harrington resided under the hill, near the residence of Mr. Hutchinson, He d. Dec. 25, 1791, aged 80 ; she d. Jan, 23, 1820, aged 94. Sarah, b. Sept. 17, 17.36 ; m. May 28, 1765, Thomas Winship. f Henry, b, Aug. 27, 1737 ; m. Oct. 25, 1759, Ruth Blodgett. \Jeremiah, b. about 1741 ; m. Dec. 21, 1769, Sarah Locke, \john, b, about 1743 ; m. Mary Wootten. \Jonathan, b. about 1745 ; m. Ruth Fiske. \Thomas, b. about 1748 ; m. Lucy Perry, Elizabeth, b. Sept. 17, 1750 ; m. Nathan Munroe. William, b. Mar. 18, 1762 ; d. June 20, 1778, in small pox hospital. ^Moses, b. March 22, 1754; m. Mary Reed. Mary, b. Ap. 19, 1766 ; m. NeweU Reed of Wo. prec, Oct. 16, 1777. '[Ebenezer, b. May 16, 1760; m. Sept. 4, 1788, Mrs. Sarah Johnson. Robert Harrington m. Abigail Mason, dau. of Daniel and Ex perience Mason of Newton. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Aug. 11, 1745. She d. Aug. 25, 1778, aged 67, and he m. April 16, 1781, widow Chloe Trask. He d. May 30, 1793, aged 74. He filled many town offices, and bore the dignified title of Ensign Harrington. He was one of the selectmen in 1762, and was re-elected to that station some twelve oi' fourteen years, and was chairman of the board In the eventful period of the Revolution, when many important duties de volved upon him. He was also many years a magistrate, and repre sented the town four years In the General Court. •[Thaddeus, b. Sept. 9, 1736 ; m. Sept. 20, 1764, Lydia Porter of Wo, \Daniel, b. May 25, 1739 ; ra. Anna Munroe. Annaritte, bap. Aug. 12, 1744; probably d. young. Betty, b. May 23, 1745 ; d. Oct. 27, 1745. Elizabdh, b. Sept. 6, 1747 ; m. Samuel Smith. Abigail, b, Dec. 23, 1749 ; d. young. Abigail, b. Aug. 9, 1754; m. Dr. David Fiske. \Abijah, b, Feb. 7, 1761 ; m. first, Polly Raymond, and second, widow Locke. Jonathan Harrington m. Aug. 1, 1750, Mrs. Abigail Dunster. She d. June 30, 1776, and he m. second, Mrs. Lydia MuUiken, wid, of Nathaniel Mulliken. He d. Sept. 14, 1809, aged 87 ; and she d. Nov. 13, 1783, aged 57. He was several years selectman, and was one of the committee of correspondence in 1778, In the midst of the Revolution. He was a true son of Uberty, and was found on the 19th of April at the post of danger. Bebecca, b. Feb. 17, 1761 ; m. Aug. 31, 1769, Edmund Munroe. Jlfory,b. April 11, 1753. Anna, b, Feb. 19, 1756 ; m. April 21, 1778, Cally NeweU. ^Jonathan, b. July 8, 1768 ; m. Nov. 19, 1777, Sally Banks. Charles, b. Nov. 15, 1760 ; d. Dec. 24, 1761. ^Charles, b. March 24, 1763 ; ra. Dec. 18, 1786, Mary Brown. \Solomon, b. Feb, 22, 1766 ; m. Polly Bent. \Pder, bap, July 26, 1772 ; m, Lydia Loring, 92 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 28-63- 53-79 8081 82 838485 28-54- 54-86 8788 28-56- 56-89 9092 94 28-66- 56- 28-67- 67-96 28-60- Henry Harrington m. Oct. 25, 1769, Ruth Blodgett, dau. of Joseph Blodgett. They were ad. to the ch. June 2, 1763. He was a soldier In the French war, in 1756 and 1758. \Henry, b. May 26, 1760 ; m. March 13, 1783, Amity Pierce. Rebecca, b. July 12, 1762; m. Amos Stickney OfTewksbury. \Samuel, b. Oct. 3, 1764; m. Aug. 27, 1788, Mary Stimpson. ]lsaac, b. Aug. 11, 1766 ; m. Polly Farrer of-LIn. Sarah, b. May 16, 1769 ; d. unm. Polly, b. Aug. 10, 1771 ; m. John Dunkley of Charlestown. Ruth, b. Aug. 30, 1773 ; m. Nov. 20, 1793, Robert Mullett of W, Camb. Jeremiah Harrington m. Dec. 21, 1769, Sarah Locke, dau. of Joseph and Sarah Locke, b. Aug. 23, 1746. She d. Jan. 12, 1813 ; - He d. Dec. 11, 1818. He served In the French war in 1762. Tra dition says he had three dau., but there Is no record of their birth. Sally Harrington, one of them, m. Dec. 30, 1793, Edward Blocking- ton of Camb. \Joseph, b. Feb. 16, 1770; m. Lucy RusseU. Benjamin, b. May 4, 1772; m. Oct. 1, 1792, Elizabeth Frost of W, Camb. and moved to Bedford, where he d. Jonathan, b. Oct. 27, 1777 ; m. Nov. 10, 1799, Ruth Britton of Shrewsbury. He d. June 9, 1721. They resided in Medford. John Harrington m. Dec. 3, 1763, Mary Wootten, dau. of John Wootten, an Englishman. Capt. Wootten was a shipmaster, and made twenty-two voyages to Surinam. Ho was of Capt. Parker's conlpany, and met the British on the 19th of April. He was subse quently a lieutenant in the militia. He moved with his family to Deering, N. H , about 1783. His children, being young, left town with him. Abigail, b. March 3, 1763 ; m. 1781, Wm. Munroe, Jr. Sarah, b. Feb. 17, 1766. 91 John, b. Feb. 1, 1770. Stephen, b. Nov. 22, 1774. 93 William, b. Nov. 21, 1779. Rebecca, b. May 8, 1781. Jonathjvn Harrington m. Feb. 13, 1766, Ruth Fiske, dau. of Dr, Robert Fiske by wid. Grover. After the death of her husband she m. Feb. 18, 1777, John Smith of Boston. He was one of the gallant band who stood forth In defence of freedom on the 19th of April, 1775, and was one who fell that morning, a victim to British oppres sion. See History, p. 181. He was about thirty-two years of age at the time of his death. Jonathan, b. Oct. 25, 1766 ; d. Oct. 14, 1776. Thomas Harrington m. Lucy Perry of Bed. July 4, 1771. We find no record of his family except the birth of one child. He is said to have " moved into the country." What time he left Lexington we cannot say ; his name is upon the tax bill in 1776, but is omitted in 1778. Elizabdh, b. Dec. 19, 1773. MosES Harrington m. AprU 28, 1774, Mary Reed, dau. of WiUiam and Susanna Reed, They were ad. to the ch, June 15, GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 93 «0- 979899 100 101102103104 28-62- 62-105 106107108 109 37-63- 63-110 IU 112113114 115116117 118 37-64- 1776. She d. Oct. 22, 1822, aged 71. . He was one of the minute men who served with the gallant Parker at the first dawn of Inde pendence. Sarah, bap. Aug. 26, 1776 ; m. Thaddeus Hall of Chelmsford. Mary, bap. June 21, 1778; m. Nov. 30, 1792, Joseph White. Caleb, b. July 6, 1779 ; went to Charlestown, m. Dorcas Frost. Betsey, b, AprU 26, 1782 ; d. unm. Moses, b. May 2, 1786 ; d. unm. May U, 1821. WUliam, b. Sept. 7, 1789. Oliver, b, April 26, 1791 ; d. In the poor house, unm., Oct. 25, 1834. Edmund, b, Feb. 21, 1794; left town and never returned. 64-119 120 121 122 123124 125 126 127 128 129 Ebenezer Harrington m. Sept. 4, 1788, Mrs. Sarah Johnson. She d. Nov. 29, 1819, aged 65. He d. May 7, 1846, aged 86. Ebenezer, b, June 22, 1789 ; d. unm. Hannah, b. Feb. 24, 1791 ; m. Pierce of Acton. Simeon, b. Feb. 27, 1793 ; d. unm. at the South. Kezia, b. Aug. 30, 1795 ; m, April 8, 1815, Otis Locke. Susanna, b. July 24, 1798; m. Jan. 1, 1823, John Hadley. Thaddeus Harrington m. Sept. 20, 1764, Lydia Porter of Wo. They were ad. to the ch. April 22, 177 L He was one of the brave men who was an actor in the battle of Lexington. She d. Jan. 1821. Thaddeus, b. Jan. 3, 1765 ; d. young. Fanny, b. June 20, 1769 ; d. young. Ardhusa, bap. Oct. 20, 1771 ; m. Feb. 25, 1792, George Whitehead. Fanny, bap. AprU 23, 1772; m. June 26, 1796, Seth'Reed. Robert, bap. May 28, 1776 ; moved to Boston, d. In Cambridgeport. Asa, bap. May 4, 1777 ; went to New York. jLewis, bap. May 30, 1779 ; m. Sarah Dudley of Con. Lydia, bap. March 11, 1781 ; m. Seth Reed, husband of her sister Fanny, deceased. Andrew, b. ; lived in Boston, and d. there, aged 44. Daniel Harrington m. May 8, 1760, Anna Munroe, dau. of Robert and Ann (Stone) Munroe, who was b. Aug. 30, 1740. She d. Oct. 19, 1811, aged 71 ; he d. Sept. 27, 1818, aged 79. Daniel Harrington was clerk of Capt. Parker's company, and participated with them in the dangers and glories of the memorable 19th of April, ' 1776. He was a prominent man in the place, and filled various posts of honor and trust. He was selectman 1779, '85, '86. •[Levi, b. Nov. 9, 1760 ; m. July 27, 1784, Rebecca MulUken. \Nathan, b. AprU 29, 1762 ; m. Elizabeth Phelps ; d. June 28, 1837, Danid, b. Oct. 17, 1764; d. young. Anna, b, Feb. 3, 1766 ; m. Thomas Winship, and d. July 13, 1821, aged 55. David, b, June 10, 1768 ; d. July 26, 1795, aged 27, Grace, b, March 17, 1770; m. Abner Pierce, July 22, 1792, d. Aug. 1842. BeUy, b. Feb. 1, 1772 ; m. Jan. 26, 1799, James Bruce of Woburn. Eusebia, b. Jan. 20, 1774; d. Oct. 5, 1775. Eusebia, b. Feb. 13, 1776 ; m. March 7, 1800, Joseph Underwood, and d. Dec. 22, 1859, aged 82. Isanna, bap. Jan. 31, 1779 ; m. Jan, 11, 1801, Timothy Page of Bed. Lydia, bap, Dec. 10, 1780 ; d. unm. Sept. 26, 1803, aged 23. 70 94 37-70- 38-74- HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Abijah Harrington m. Api-U 21, 1784, Polly Rayhiond. She d. Feb. 27, 1822, and he m. Dec. 14, 1823, Mary Locke, wid. of Asa B. Locke. He d. without Issue, Dec, 31, 1852, aged 91. Though Abijah Harrington was too young (being but 13 years of age) to take part In the events of the memorable 19th of April, l776, he was attracted by the march of the king's troops, and came to the Common immediately after their departure for Concord, and saw In the road where the British troops stood at the time of the firing, a quantity of blood upon the ground, and so is a good witness that the fire of the British was returned, and with effect, by the Americans. See Deposition appended to Phinney's History. Jonathan Harrington m. Nov. 14, 1782, Sally Banks. She d. July 28, 1847, aged 86. Though a lad of only 16 years of age, he was a fifer In that phalanx of freemen which appeared on Lexington Common on the 19th of AprU, 1776. He lived to a great age, and related almost to the time of his death, the leading events of that day. He said he was aroused early that morning by a cry from his mother — " Jonathan, get up, the regulars are coming, and something must be done." He arose and repaired to the place of parade, and was with the company on the approach of the British. " Something must BE DONE," exclaimed the patriotic mother. And somdhing was done on that memorable day. The shrill notes of that stripling's fife, not only warmed the bosoms of the gaUant band on Lexington Common, but enkindled a fire extinguished only by the acknowledgment of our Independence. Somdhing was done. The firm resistance to the British on that occasion inspired every patriotic bosom, and called the people to arms. Something was done which taught the haughty opprefeSots that freemen in defence of their homes and firesides, their wives and little ones, were not to be Intimidated by veteran troops, though led on by rash and daring commanders. Somdhing was done which has given to Lexington a name which will be remembered as long as the spirit of liberty finds a resting place in the human breast, Jonathan Harrington was one of the youngest defenders of his Countiy's rights on the opening of the Revolutionary drama, and one of the last, if not the very last of the survivors of that opening scene, who lived lo partake of the blessings of freedom and to wit ness the growing greatness of his country. Mr. Harrington lived to a great age, and was treated with much respect and attention by the whole community. At the age of ninety-one he attended the 75th anniversary of the 19th of April, celebrated at Concord. The writer of this waited upon him to give him an Invitation to attend the celebration, and give a sentiment. At first he thought he should not be able ; but a recurrence to the events of the day to be com memorated, soon roused the energy of the venerable patriarch, and with a countenance lighted up with patriotism, he consented to attend. And when he was asked to give a sentiment, he gave from the fullness of his heart a sentiment, which he was requested to com- ralt to paper, that It might be presented at Concord in his own hand writing. The next day he fbrwarded the following : " The 19th of April, 1776. — All who remember that day mil support the Constitution of the United States.'''' After living to the advanced age of 96 years, 8 months, and 18 days, the venerable patriot died, March 27, 1854. The death of the last survivor of the battle of Lexington, produced a marked sen sation in the whole community. The Governor ordered out two cothpanies, the Davis Guards of Acton, and the Concord Artillery, to do escort duty at his Interment. And sueh was the pubUc GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 95 feeling, that General Jones invited his brigade to be present on the occasion, which Invitation was promptly responded to by the corps. Several other companies not belonging to the brigade volun teered — all anxious to show their regard to the memory of one who had come down from a generation of patriots, and had stood the sole representative of the first battle of freedom in America. The Governor, the Lieut. Governor and the Honorable Council, and a great part of the Legislature, which was then In session, honored the event by their presence. The Masonic fraternity, of which he was a member, attended with their regalia; and a large concourse of people from the neighboring towns filled Lexington to overflowing. The spectacle was truly Imposing. The procession was formed by Gen. Samuel Chandler of Lexlng- Ington, who acted as chief marsha,l on the occasion. The military moved in the following order : First Regiment of Artillery, Lieut, Col. Gibbs, consisting of three companies. Fourth Regiment of Light Infantry, Col. J. D, Qreen, consisting of four companies. Fifth Regiment of Light Infantry, Col. B. F. Butler, consisting of four companies. And three volunteer companies. From the Common they moved down Main street to the Town Hall, where they received the body guard, the Concord Artillery, Captain Culbertson, and the Davis Guards, Captain Holden ; Hiram Lodge of West Cambridge, and the Grand Lodge of Meissachusetts, • with the body of the deceased, attended by the pall-bearers and rela tives, and foUowed by the chief marshal, chaplain, and the committee of arrangements, consisting of some of the principal citizens of the town. These were followed by Governor Washburn and suit, Lieut. Governor Plunkett, and the CouncU, members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, officers of the militia, citizens of Concord and citizens generally. From this point, it being almost the identical spot at which Lord Percy received the British fugitives in their flight from Concord on the 19th of April, 1776, the procession moved up Main street by the Common to the church, where solemn reUgious sepvioeg were per formed, and an appropriate address was delivered by Rev. Dr. Ran dall, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. After the services at the church were concluded, the remains were removed to the old buryingrground in the rear of the church, and deposited in the family tomb. The Masonic burial service was read at the tomb by Grand Master Randall of the Grand Lodge, and a volley was fired over the grave by the Concord Artillery and the Davis Guards. This closed the funeral solemnities of the day. The history of the world furnishes no case more striking or sub lime than this ! Thousands of persons of all ages and conditions in life, flock together from one common impulse, and with one general feeling ! What motive actuated the vast concourse and brought them to Lexington at that time ? The season of the year was uninviting, the traveling bad, and the day inclement; and everything external would seeip to forbid any gathering of the people in large numbers In the open air, — but still they came. And for what purpose ? Not to obtain any direct advantage personal to themselves — not to wit ness any feat of art, listen to any distinguished orator, or partake of a sumptuous feast — not to behold any distinguished lord or prince from a foreign country, or any celebrated statesman-from our own — not to greet a living friend surrounded with wealth and splendor, Or' to follow in the funeral train of a deceased Prfisident or high officer 96 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 74-130 131132 133134 135 136 38-76- 76-137 138 139140 141 142 38-77- 77-143 144146 146 147148 38-78- 78-149 150 151 152 163164155 166 63-79- 53-81- of state. No — they came to worship at the shrine of Liberty — to show their respect to the memory of a humble and unpretending individual, who had' stood for years the sole representative of that body of freemen who raUIed for their country on the 19th of April, 1776. Harry, b, March 10, 1783. He was a sea captain, and sailed out of Providence. Polly, b. May 23, 1786 ; m. June 22, 1811, Payson Perrin, of Boston, Abigail, b. Nov. 13, 1787 ; d. March 23, 1858, unm. Pitt, b, July 6, 1790. He entered the army 1812, and never returned,. Jonathan, b. June 4, 1793 ; d. March, 1856, unm. William, b. March 12, 1797; d. unm. More, b. June 23, 1801 ; d. Sept. 16, 1802. Charles Harrington m. Dec. 18, 1786, Mary Brown, dau. of Francis Brown. He d. Jan. 28, 1856, aged 93 ; she d. Jan, 9, 1843, aged 77, Mary, b, Jan. 9, 1787 ; m. June 5, 1811, Stephen Robbins, Jr, Susanna, b, Sept. 4, 1789 ; d, , 1867, unm. Betsey, b. Jan. 10, 1796; m. Walter R. Mason; lived at Camb., then moved to N. H. ]Charles, b, AprU 10, 1798; m. Sarah H. Wade, Sept. 6, 1840. Elmira, b. Sept. 6, 1801 ; m. Nov. 28, 1824, Hazen Elliott. Clarissa, b. ; ra. Dec. 3, 1835, S. H. Elliott, brother of her sister's husband. Solomon Harrington m. Polly Bent, dau. of David Bent. d. May 19, 1809, aged 40, He d. May 9, 1846, aged 79. She Charles, b. Dec; 25, 1787, He foUowed the sea, where he prob. d, \David, b. Jan. 2, 1790; m. Dec. 6, 1810, Elizabeth Francis. James, b. Aug. 4, 1792; d. unm. jSolomon, b, Feb. 13, 1795 ; m. Feb. 6, 1820, Betsey Dudley. Abigail More, b. Feb. 12, 1801 ; m. David Constantino and r. at Bed. Irene, b. Dec. 1, 1803; m. James Haywood and r. at Billerica. Peter Harrington m. Lydia Loring. He d. Jan. 23, 1816,. aged 43. He lived in Lex. till about 1811, when he moved to Salem,. where he d. He was captain of the Lex. artillery, and was promoted. to the Ueut.-colonelcy, Matilda, b. April 5, 1799 ; m. .Hastings, and d. at Springfield. Isaac B. Clarke, b, Sept. 2, 1800. He left town and d. unm. Adeline, b. Sept. 24, 1802. She r. at East Cambridge. Lorenzo, b, Aug. 10, 1804. He r. at East Cambridge. Pder, b. Sept. 21, 1807 ; he d. at East Cambridge. Emetine, b. Dec. 21, 1809 ; ra. Benj. Reed, and r. in Chelsea. Julian, b. March 29, 1812 ; m. Bowsway, was killed by falling down stairs at East Cambridge. Elizabeth, b. ; m. George Dale, and r. #it East Cambridge. Henry Harrington,. 3d, m. March 13, 1783, Amity Pierce. They had several children. They resided first at Boston, and after wards moved to New Orleans. Samuel Harrington m. Aug. 29, 1788, Mary Stimpson. He probably left town at the time of his marriage, as his name, which yfm.^ ^A.^-rri^ji GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 97 53-82- 82-167 168159 160161 162 163 164 166 166 54-86- 86-167 168 169 170171172173174176176 63-116- 116-177 178179 180181 182 183 64^119- was on the tax bUl in 1788, disappears the following year. Neither the town or church records make any mention of him or his family after his marriage. Isaac Harrington m. Oct. 21, 1798, Polly Farrer of Lincoln. He d. April 2, 1863, aged 97 years 8 months. The record of the family is very imperfect. Isaac, b. March 7, 1799. He enlisted in the United States service in the war of 1812, went to Louisiana and never returned. Bdsey, b, Nov. 22, 1800; m. Emory Garfield, He d. and she m. second, Benjamin Gleason. Hiram, b. May 23, 1802 ; m. Sarah Fiske. Maria, b. Sept. 9, 1803 ; m. Isaiah Tay of Bur. Zadock, b. ; m. Almira Fiske. She d, and he ra. second, Almira Morton ; she d. and he m. third, Hannah Russell, He r, in Billerica. Almira, b. - Daniel, b, - Abel, b. Sally, b. — Priscilla, b. — ; m. William Alurt and moved to Vt. - ; m. In Billerica, where he resides. m. In Billerica, where he resides. ; ra. Richardson, raoved to Andover and d, — ; d, young. Joseph Harrington m. March 27, 1792, Lucy Russell, dau. of PhUip RusseU. He d, Jan. 12, 1829. Susan, b. Nov. 23, 1792 ; d. Dec. 14, 1792. Joseph, b. May 1, 1794 ; he went to Con. when a lad, where he m. May 3, 1821, Mary Snow, and had issue. John, b, June 6, 1796 ; d. June 4, 1804. Lucy, b. Nov. 28, 1798 ; m. Oct. 20, 1829, WilUam Grover. Jonas, b. Nov. 7, 1800; d. Sept. 16, 1802. Mary, b, Sept. 19, 1803 ; d. Aug. 4, 1828, unm. Lydia, b. Feb. 10, 1806 ; m. Feb. 10, 1828, Daniel Kinneston. Nehemiah, b, March 14, 1808 ; m. Dec. 11, 1846, Sophia Woodbury ofN. H. Her. in Lex. Emily, b. Aug. 13, 1810; d. March 22, 1828. Stephen, b. May 9, 1812 ; m. March, 1832, Maria E. HaU, and r. in SomerviUe, and d. Jan. 21, 1868. Lewis Harrington m. Aug, 31, 1806, Sarah Dudley of Con. He d. Sept. 1829, aged 50; she d. Nov. 10, 1868, aged 71. Lucy Ann, b. va. Seth S. Bennett, March 19, 1826. They moved to Providence, where she d. Mary R., b, ; m. WUliam Wyman of Wo., r. in Medford. Jonas, b. 1810 ; m. Susan Pierce, dau. of Ebeiiezer and Nabby (Brown) Pierce. He d. July 5, 1857 ; she d. April 16, 1856. They left two children, first, Emma I., b. 1845, second, Oren C, b. May 31, 1861, Sarah E,, b, ; m. Elijah Gossom, and d. Sept. 3, 1858, Hannah M., b. ; ra. George Todd of Charlestown^ Cyrus D., b. 1880; m. Rebecca Frost of W. Camb., where he d. Frances A,, b, ; m. April 23, 1846, Loring S. Pierce. Le-vt Harrington m. July 27, 1784, Rebecca Mulliken, dau. of Nathaniel and Lydia. She d. Sept. 5, 1820 ; he d. July 26, 1846, aged 86. They were ad. the ch. AprU 22, 1787. 98 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 119-184 186186 187 188189190 191 6^120- 120-192 193194 195196197198199 76-140-77-144- 144-200 201202 77-146- 119-184- 184-203 204205206 207 208209210 211 119-189- ^Nathaniel, b, Jan, 3, 1786 ; m. Nov. 30, 1816, Clarissa Mead. Nancy, b, Jain. 3, 1788; now, 1867, living unm. Fanny, b. AprU 1, 1792 ; m. Horace Skilton of Bed., Oct. 29, 1820. Rebecca, b. Oct. 28, 1794; m. Dan'l Hastings of Boston, Nov. 4, 1823. Dennis, b. Oct. 7, 1796 ; d. Aug. 11, 1840, unm. \Hiram, b. May 15, 1799 ; m. Jan. 22, 1825, Julia A. Lane. Sophia, b. Aug. 26, 1801 ; m, Dec, 12, 1822, Harrison G. O. Mun roe of Boston. \Bowen, b. Aug. 6, 1803 ; m. Dec. 20, 1832, Elizabeth P. Ward, Nathan Harrington m. Elizabeth Phelps of Andover. He lived many years In Wo., then returned to Iiex., where he d. Sept. 27, 1818. Bdsey, b. April 27, 1788 ; ra. Oct. 17, 1813, William Chandler. Dorcas, b. June 25, 1790 ; ra. Joshua P. Frothingham, Charlestown. •[Nathan, b. Feb. 29, 1792 ; m. Martha I. Mead. Tryphena, b. Aug. 26, 1794; d. Nov. 12, 1853, unm. \Danid, b. Aug. 26, 1796 ; ra. Hannah Jacobs. Anna, b. Nov. 24, 1799 ; m. Addison Gage, Dec. 27, 1832. He r. in West Camb., and Is extensively engaged in the Ice trade. Increase S., b. Sept. 6, 1802; m. Dec. 12, 1826, Eliza Maynard. He d. Feb. 18, 1848. Abijah, b. Sept. 3, 1804; he lives in Lex., unm. Charles Harrington ta. Sept. 6, 1840, Sarah H. Wade of Lowell, b. Sept. 6, 1810. He has no children. David Harrington m. Dec. 6, 1810, Elizabeth Francis. Sylvester, b. May 1, 1811; m. May, 1841, Mary Ann Robinson, dau. of Jacob and Hannah (Simonds) Robinson. Mary B., b. Jan. 18, 1816 ; m. May 14, 1835, Charles J. Adams. They reside at East Cambridge, where he Is the keeper of the house of correction. •Charles S., b. Nov. 10, 1831 ; d. Jan. 4, 1838. Solomon Harrington m. Feb. 6, 1820, Betsey Dudley, dau. of Nathan and Sarah Dudley, b. June 1, 1798. He resided in Lex., then inoved to Boston, and subsequently to Brookline, where he d. June 5, 1858. Nathaniel Harrington m. Nov. 30, 1816, Clarissa Mead, dau. of Josiah, He d. Jan. 8, 1839, and she d, Feb, 16, 1866, aged 76, ^Franklin M., b. June 6, 1817 ; has been twice married. Ellen M., b. July 1, 1819. Edwin, b. Feb. 21j 1821 ; m. Nov. 27, 1845, Eunice E. More of Sudbury, b. April 29, 1824. They reside In Sudburv. Clarissa, b. Dec. 8, 1822 ; m. April 29, 1846, Samuel B. Rindge of East Cambridge, where they reside. Nathaniel, b. Sept. 23, 1824. Larkin, b. April 17, 1826 ; m. Nov. 23, 1851, Mary W. Langley. He r. In Medford, now r. in N. H. Andrew, b, AprU 12, 1828 ; m. Dec. 29, 1853, Mary J. Ralney, r. at Galesburg, III. . Rebecca, b. June 12, 1830; d. May 7, 1832. Elizabeth W., b. Oct. 14, 1833, Hiram Harrington m. Jan. 22, 1825, JuUa A. C. Lane. They had three children, first and second d. young, thivi, Hiram Augustus. He moved to Bllnois, where he d. March 16, 1859. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 99 119-191- 191-212 213 214215 120-194- 194-216 217 120-196- 184r-203- 203-218 220 1- 2 4 578 10 Bowen Harrington m. Dec. 20, 1832, Elizabeth P. Ward of Boston, dau. of WUliam and Mary Ward, b. Dec. 20, 1811. She d. May 9, 1863, aged 51. He Is a justice of the peace. Mary W., b, Nov, 24, 1834; m. June 9, 1864, Gershom Swan, and has Charies Ward, b. July 26, 1866. Charles B., b. Jan. 23, 1837. He enlisted In 1861 in the Mass, vol unteers for three years, came home on a furlough, being in ill health, and d. of disease contracted in the service, Sept. 6, 1862. William H, b. May 30, 1840. He resides in Illinois. George D., b. July 17, 1843. He served three years in the army of the Potomac, in the late rebellion. Nathan Harrington m. Feb. 1, 1824, Martha I. Mead, dau. of Josiah Mead. She d. June 26, 1835. He d. Nov, 14, 1843. He was a captain in the Lexington artUlery. CaroUne M., b. Oct. 1, 1829, Elvira M,, b. Feb. 18, 1832. Daniel Harrington m, Dec. 16, 1824, Hannah Jacobs. He d. Oct. 6, 1826, aged 30. She m. Brooks. Franklin M. Harrington m. June 2, 1847, Susan Wiley of Ashby. She d. Feb. 20, 1858, and he m. AprU 16, 1859, Mrs. Susan Turner. Fannie W., b. Dec. 29, 1851. Ellen E., b. Feb. 15, 1856. 219 Martha M., b. Dec. 8, 1853. THE HARRIS FAMILY. Henry Harris, of Lexington, Is a lineal descendant of Thomas Harris, who was born in Shrewsbury, England, came to Massachu setts in 1631, went with Roger Williams to Rhode Island, and settled at Providence. His descendants settled in Smithfield In that State, where they lived several generations. Henry was the son of Abner, b. 1779, and Martha (Farmer) ; he was the grandson of Abner, and the great-grandson of Jonathan ; he was born in Providence, 1809, and married in Boston, Feb. 6, 1832, Emeline Bryant. They resided In Boston, where most of their children were born. They came to Lexington in 1863. He is engaged in the clothing business In Boston. Henry F., b. 1835. 3 Frederick B., b. 1837. Emeline F., b, 1839 ; m. Nov. 1, 1863, George M. Wethern. William A., b. 1841. 6 Martha^ A., b, 1843. George A., b, 1845; d. 1848. Charles B,, b. 1847. 9 Ellen M., b. 1849. Georgiana W., b, 1856, ' 11 Addie L,, b, 1857, A. 1857, THE HARTWELL FAMILY. The Hartwells came to Lexington from Bedford. William Hartwell, b. June 25, 1770; d. May 8, 1819, aged 49. He ra. Oct. 13, 1796, Johanna Davis of Bedford. ' She d. and he m. 1809, Mary Lake. He had several children. 100 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-2- 2- 3 5 1- 2 3 46 6 78 1-3- WiLLiAM Hartwell, the oldest son of the foregoing, b. Jan. 12, 1797 ; m. Nov. 30, 1826, Ruhamah Webber, dau. of Asa and Eliot (Lane) Webber, b. April 14, 1802. They resided first at Concord, and came to Lexington about 1839. William W,, b. Oct. 2, 1827. 4 Johanna, h, Nov. 1, 1829. Lydia E., born March 15, 1835. THE HASTINGS FAMILY. The name Hastings is of Danish origin. In the early days of the British kingdom, the Danes made frequent Incursions Into that part of Britain bordering on the North Sea. In one of these Incursions Hastings, a Danish chief, made himself formidable to Alfred the Great, by landing a large body of men upon the coast. He took possession of a portion of Sussex ; and the castle and seaport were held by his family, when William the Conqueror landed in England ; and they held it from the crown for many generations. Several of the name of Hastings were raised to a peerage. Sir Henry and George Hastings, grandsons of the Earl of Huntingdon, had sons who became Puritans, and were obliged by persecution to leave their native land, and find homes in the new world. As early as 1634, Thomas Hastings and wife, and soon after, John and his family, came to New England, but no one of the family came to Lex ington tUl about 1720. Thomas Hastings, aged 29, and his wife Susanna, aged 24, em barked at Ipswich, England, April 10, 1634, in the Elizabeth, Wil liam Andrews, master, for New England, and settled in Watertown, where he was admitted freeman. May 6, 1636. He was selectman from 1638 to 1643, and from 1650 to 1671 ; clerk three years, and representative in 1671. He also held the office of deacon. His wife Susanna died Feb. 2, 1650, and he married April, 1651, Margaret Cheney, dau. of William and Martha Cheney of Roxbury. She was the mother of all his children. He died 1685, aged 80. In his will, dated March 12, 1686, and proved Sept. 7, 1685, he gave his son Thomas only £5, saying, "I have been at great expense to bring him up a scholar, and I have given him above threescore pounds to begin the world with." To his sons John, Joseph, Benjamin, Na thaniel, and Samuel, and to his daughter Hepzibah Bond, he gave £40 each, and to Hannah £3, Between 1652 and 1666, he had eight children. Thomas, b. July 1, 1652 ; d. July 23, 1712. He was a physician at Hatfield. ^John, b. March 4, 1654 ; m. June 18, 1679, Abigail Hammond. William, b. .Aug. 8, 1655 ; drowned, Aug. 1669, aged 14 years. Joseph, b. Sept. 11, 1657 ; m. 1682, Ruth Rice of Sudbury. Benjamin, b. Aug. 9, 1659; m. 1683, Elizabeth Graves. Nathanid, b. Sept. 25, 1661 ; m. Mary Nevinson of Watertown. Hepzibah, b. Jan. 31, 1663 ; ra, 1680, Dea. WUliam Bond of Wat. Samuel, b. March 12, 16G6 ; m. fir.st, 1687, Lydia Church; and sec ond, 1694, Elizabeth Nevinson ; third, 1701, Sarah Cooledge of Watertown. John Hastings m. June 18, 1679, Abigail Hammond of Water- town, dau. of John and Abigail, b. June 21, 1656. She d. Sept. 7, 1718, and he d. March 28, 1718. He Uved in that part of Water- town which was afterwards Waltham, GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 101 -10 11 121314 161617 3-15- 15-18 19 20 212223 24 15-18- 18-26 27 28 293031 8233 34 18-26- Abigail, b. Dec. 8, 1679 ; m. 1699, John Warren of Weston. John, bap. Dec. 4, 1687; lii. first, 1702, Susanna, dau. of John and Mary IBe^'fe ; second, 1706, Sarah Fiske ; moved to Lunenburg. Elizabdh, bap. Dec. 4, 1687; m. April 14, 1714, HopestiU Mead. Hepzibah, bap. Dec. 4, 1687 ; m. April 14, 1714, Nathaniel Shattuck. He d. 1718, and she m. 1721, Benj. Stearns of Lexington. William, bap. July 13, 1690 ; m. Abigail , d. before 1723. \Samuel, b. 1695; m. Bethia HoUoway of Maiden. Thomas, b. Sept. 26, 1697 ; m. Sarah White, and settled in Lex., where six of his children were bora, when he removed to Littleton. Joseph, bap. 1698 ; m. first, 1716, Lydia Brown ; second, 1769, Elizabeth Stearns. Samuel Hastings m. In Medford, May 29, 1719, Bethia Hollo- way of Maiden. He was a tailor, and resided in that part of Water- town now Waltham. He was selectman several years. She died in Lexington, June 1, 1774, aged 80. , ^Samuel, b. March 30, 1721 ; m. Jan. 16, 1756, Lydia Tidd, b. July 6, 1732, dau. of Daniel and Hepzibah (Reed) Tidd of Lexington. Thaddeus, b. Oct. 15, 1723 ; m. March 29, 1763, Mary Stratton. He settled In Lexington, where he and his wife died, leaving two young sons, who left town. Mary, b. Deo. 15, 1725. Abigail, b. March 8, 1728; m. AprU 2, 1747, Sam'l Brooks of Med. Abijah, b. May 9, 1730 ; m. Jan. 2, 1769, Martha Ingraham. Philemon, b, April 2, 1732 ; settled in Vermont. Anna, b, March 8, 1734. 25 Martha, b. March 23, 1736. Samuel Hastings m. Jan, 16, 1766, Lydia Tidd, daughter of Daniel and Hepzibah (Reed) Tidd. He settled In the southwest part of Lexington. He was one of the men who, on the 19th of AprU, 1776, stood firm in the cause of freedom on Lexington Green, and was also with the army at Cambridge, when Gen. Washington took command. He d. Feb. 8, 1820, aged 99 ; his wife d. Nov. 10, 1802, aged 71. He was often elected to places of honor and trust in the town. jlsaac, b. in Lex. Dec. 26, 1755 ; m. Mary Stearns. \Samuel, b. July 11, 1757 ; m. Lydia Nelson of Lincoln. Lydia, b. Nov. 29, 1759 ; d. July 22, 1788, unm. Bdhia, b. March 23, 1761 ; d, Aug. 3, 1766. Hepzibah, b. July 3, 1762 ; m. 1781, John Swan of Waltham. He d. and she m. Jonas Wyeth of Cambridge, and d. 1789, aged 27. jJohn, b. July 13, 1764; d. June 6, 1789, aged 25, Bdhia. b, June 25, 1766 ; d. July 26, 1786. AbigaU, b, April 20, 1768 ; d. May 10, 1788. Thomas, b. AprU 25, 1772 ; d. Sept. 8, 1775. Isaac Hastings m, 1781, Sarah Stearns, b, Dec. 29, 1761, dau. of Phlnehas and Mary (Wellington) Stearns. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Feb. 10, 1782. In 1808, he was chosen deacon and became a leading member of the ch. He was on the Common with Capt. Parker on the 19th of AprU, 1775, was at the capture of Bur goyne, and was also detailed to guard the prisoners at Prospect Hill, Charlestown, now Somerville. He lived upon his father's homestead, the site on the hill now owned by Mrs. Cary, his youngest dau. He d. July 2, 1831, aged 76, and his widow d. March, 1834, aged 73. 71 102 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 26-35 36 37 38 394041 4243 18-27- Sophia, b, Oct. 17, 1781 ; m. June 18, 1809, Isaac S. Spring of Standish, Me. They removed to Somerville, where she d. Nov. 1841. Isaac, b. Nov. 3, 1783 ; lost at sea. Thomas, b. Feb. 12, 1786 ; m. Mary Baker, In Vt., moved to Mont real, where he d. July, 1836, leaving a family. AbigaU, b. May 20, 1788 ; m. Dec. 9, 1821, Jonathan Cary of Bos ton. They moved to Lex. 1827, and took up their abode on Lin coln street, on a place known as the " Peak Place." He d. April 17, 1855, aged 86. He had no chUdren by his last wife. \John, b, July 21, 1790 ; has been twice married." Phinehas 8., b, Oct. 13, 1792; m. Elizabeth Bowles of Portsmouth, N. H. Leonard, b, Sept. 6, 1794 ; d. Nov. 10, 1802. Samuel, b, Sept. 24, 1798; m. 1827, Lucy R., dau. of Sweethern Reed. Maria, b. March 1, 1801 ; m. May 4, 1828, WiUiam H. Cary, a dis tinguished merchant In Brooklyn, N. Y. The old homestead of the Hastings, having passed out of the family, Mr. Cary pur chased it, and fitted it up for a summer residence, where he and his wife passed the warm season of the year. The site is truly rural, as will be seen by the engraving. During his life he had caused the farm to be greatly improved, and had expressed an in tention of making a tender of this place to the State, if they would establish an Agricultural school upon the premises ; but dying sud denly he had made no will. His widow and his heirs however, knowing his wishes, have generously made the tender, and have also with great liberality made several other liberal grants In con formity with the Intentions of Mr. Cary, as expressed in his life time. The Immediate and multiplied connections of the Hastings family with the Carys, will justify a brief notice of the latter. Jonathan Cary of Boston, b. 1768, m. first, Jemima Green of Groton. She d. and he m. second, PoUy Harris of Boston ; she d. and he m. third, Abigail Hastings, as stated above. In 1827, Mr. Cary retired from business, and located himself in Lexington, where he d. 1855, at the advanced age of 87. His children who are living, are by his second wife. He had seven children; Samiid, William H., mentioned above, who m. Maria Hastings, Nathanid, who resided for a time in Lex., Isaac, George, and Maria M., b, March 4, 1810, who m. John Hastings as his second wife. Samuel Hastings m. Oct. 1, 1778, Lydia Nelson of Lincoln, dau. of Thomas and Lydia (Scott) Nelson. He was on the Common with Capt. Parker on the 19th of April, 1775 ; he soon after volunteered Into the service, and was detailed one of Gen. Lee's life-guard, and was taken prisoner with him at Long Island. A British officer at the time of his capture, wounded him in the neck with a s*ord. " His queue," he used to say, " saved his life, as it broke the force of the blow, though he received a severe wound." He- was paroled, but never exch:inged. He was chosen Major of the Lexington Artillery. He resided In the borders of Lincoln, but being near the line of Lex. he attended ch. here, and his remains and those of his wife rest in the Lex. graveyar.d, where his children have erected a handsome marble monument to his memory. He d. Jan. 8, 1834, aged 76. She d. AprU 6, 1829, aged 71. 27-44 Lydia, b, Feb. 20, 1780 ; m. Nehemiah I. Ingraham, Boston. 45 ' Samud, b. Dec. 15, 1781 ; d. Sept. 1798. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 103 46 4748 49 50516263 Jonathan, b. Aug. 17, 1783 ; m. Nancy Adams, settled In Brighton, Dorcas, b. June 27, 1786; ra. 1810, Rev. Daniel Marrett of Stan dish, Me. Thomas, b. May 22, 1787; m. first, Mary Robbins and second, Martha Livermore. He was a trader in East Camb., where he d. 186.5, in his 79th year. Polly, b. AprU 10, 1789 ; ra. May 20, 1811, Benj. O. Wellington, Lex. Oliver, b. May 16, 1791 ; m. first, Eliza Bemis and second, Mrs. Huldah Trabo. He is a dealer in lumber in East Camb. Hepzibah, b. May 24, 1793 ; m. May 24, 1813, Peter WeUington, brother of her sister Polly's husband. Harriet, b. July 12, 1795 ; m. Aug. 8, 1819, Elias Smith. /antes, b. Oct. 6, 1797 ; ra. Oct. 11, 1821, Sally Mead, dau, of Jo siah Mead of Lex, He settled on his father's homestead, where most of his children were born. After some years he moved to Brattleborough, Vt., but has returned to Lex., where he now resides. They have had nine children : Charles, b. July 7, 1822, m. Martha Tuttle ; Emily M., b. March 16, 1824, ra. E. F. Davis, lives in IU. ; James W., b. AprU 9, 1826, d. June 12, 1848 ; Maria C, b. AprU 16, 1828, m. L. C. Pratt of Brattleborough, Vt. ; Sarah M., b. Oct. 16, 1829, d. June 22, 1848 ; Oliver, b. Aug. 8, 1831, went to Kansas ; Alonzo, b. Aug. 25, 1833, m, Eliza G, Weed, lived In Kansas; Adelaide, b. Oct. 15, 1836, m, J, W, Wood, and resides in Galesburg, IU, ; EUen A. , b. March 2, 1841, d. March 4, 1866. 18-31- 31-54 6656 26-39- JoHN Hastings m. Oct. 7, 1784, Esther Lawrence, dau. of Beza leel and Sarah (Muzzy) Lawrence, b. June 30, 1765. He settled in Lex., where he d. June 25, 1789, aged 25. His widow d, Oct, 24, 1794, in her 30th year, Nancy, b. Jan. 28, 1786 ; m. June 13, 1812, Joseph Bailey of Stan dish, Me. Bdhia, b. March 16, 1787 ; d. unm. 1820, aged 33. Hepzibah, b. Jan. 23, 1789 ; d. April 28, 1789. John Hastings m, first, Dec. 9, 1834, Mrs. Sarah Riggs, dau. of Benjamin and Hannah West of Boston ; she d. Sept. 16, 1860, aged 72. He m. second, Aug. 28, 1862, Maria M. Cary, dau. of Jona than Cary of Boston, who m. his sister AbigaU. He settled first In Augusta, Me., then returned to Lexington, and Improves his father's homestead. They have no children. THE HENDLEY FAMILY. Samuel W. Hbndley, son of Samuel, of Carlisle, was b. Dec. 22, 1823. His grandfather, Charles Hendley, was a deserter from the British army in the Revolution, who enlisted into the American ser vice. Samuel W. Hendley m. Oct. 19, 1848, Emeline Skilton, dau. of David SkUton of Bur. They have three children, WaUace, b. Nov. 27, 1860; Dajvid Eugene, b. Oct. 3, 1854; Howard B., b. Deo. 22, 1866. THE HEWES FAMILY. John Hewes, or Hues, as the name is sometimes -written in Lex. records, was at Cambridge Farms at the organization of the precinct in 1693, and was taxed as a resident. He was from Wat. ; 104 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-5- 5- 6 1- 23 4 1-4- 4- 56 9 10 1112 14 4-7- 7-16 17 he m. March 9, 1677, Ruth, dau. of Richard Sawtel. He had several children before he came to Lex. The last two were bap. in the pre cinct. He d. Dec. 13, 1721, and she d. July 4, 1720. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Aug. 1699. He r. near Capt. WiUiam Reed. He was assessor in 1705. John, b, Feb. 15, 1678. Samuel, b. Oct. 27, 1679 ; d. young. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 27, 1681 ; d. Jan 12, 1720. \Jonathan, bap. in Lex. Sept. 10, 1699 ; probably a lad. Jonathan Hewes m. Jonathan, bap. June 20, 1710. Edmund, bdip. Sept. 21, 1712. 7 Elizabdh, bap. Sept. 23, 1711. THE HOAR FAMILY. The ancestor of this family, according to tradition, was a wealthy banker of London, and d. soon after his arrival in this country. Mrs. Joanna, probably his wife, d. at Braintree, 1661. She had two dau. and three sons, viz., Daniel, who went to England In 1653; Leonard, grad. H. C. 1660, was President of H. C. from 1672 to 1676, when he d. ; and John Hoar, who was a lawyer, distinguished for bold, manly independence. He lived in Scituate from 1643 to 1655. About 1660 he settled in Con., and d. AprU 2, 1704. His wife, Alice, d, June 5, 1697, Elizabdh, b, Mary, b, — \Danid, b. - m. Dec. 22, 1675, Jonathan Prescott, m. Oct. 21, 1668, Benjamin Graves. - ; m. first, Mary Stratton, and second, Mary Lee, Daniel Hoar, of Con., m. first, July 19, 1677, Mary Stratton ; second, Oct. 16, 1717, Mary Lee. John, b, Oct. 24, 1678 ; m. Ruth , settled In Sud, Leonard, b. . He was a captain ; A, AprU, 1771, aged 87, in Brimfield, where apart of his descendants now reside,— some of whom have taken the name of Homer. •[Daniel, b. 1680; ra. Sarah Jones. Jonathan, b. ; d. at the Castle, Oct. 26, 1702. Joseph, b. ; d. at sea, 1707, Benjamin.Mary, b, March 14, 1689 ; d. June 10, 1702. Samuel, b. April 6, 1691. l'& Isaac, b. May 18, 1695, David,.b, Nov, 14, 1698, 16 Elizabdh, b. Feb. 22, 1701. Daniel Hoar m. Dec. 20, 1706, Sarah Jones, dau. of John and Sarah Jones, and lived in the south-easterly past of Con., where he d. Feb. 8, 1773, aged 93. •[John, b, JanT^, 1707. He was twice married. JorMthan,.b. June 6, 1707 ; grad. H. C. 1740; was an officer in the Provincial service, during the war of 1744 to 1763. In 1756 he went, a major, to Fort Edward, the next year was lieut.-colonel in Nova Scotia, and aid to Major-Gen. Winslow at Crown Point. After the peace of 1763 he went to England, and was appointed 18 192021 -16- 16-22 23 2425 2627 28 29 3031 32 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 105 Governor of Newfoundland and the neighboring provinces, but d. on his passage thither, in 1771, aged 52. Daniel, entered H. C. 1730, but did not grad. He m. Nov. 2, 1743, Rebecca Brooks. He moved to Narraganset No. 2, (Westmin ster,) where he d., leaving two sons and two dau. Lucy, b. ; m, John Brooks. Elizabeth, b. ; m. Whittemore of W. Cambridge. Mary, b. ; m. Zacharlah Whittemore. John Hoar m. in Lex., June 13, 1734, Esther Pierce, by whom he -had two children. She d., and he m. in Wat., Aug. 21, 1740, Elizabeth Cooledge. He d. In Line. May 16, 1786, and his wid. d. March 20, 1791. He lived successively in Lex., Wat., Lex., and Line. This was partly owing to his changing the place of his resi dence, and partly from alterations of town lines, which annexed a part of Lex. to Line. What time John Hoar became an inhabitant of Lex., we are rfot prepared to say. He was taxed in town both for personal and real estate in 1729, and had a seat assigned him in the meeting house in 1731, when they reseated the house. He was chosen one of the committee to provide for the schools In 1743. He subsequently filled the office of constable, assessor, and selectman. He resided in the south-westerly part of the town, at or near the present residence of Leonard Hoar, In Lincoln,— that place being set ofi'from Lex. when Lincoln was erected into a town. Bebecca, b. In Lex, July 1, 1735 ; m. May 6, 1765, Joseph Culler. Esther, b. in Wat. Jan. 28, 1739 ; m. May 8, 1760, Edmund Bowman. John, b. In Lex. July 14, 1741 ; d. young. Samiid, b. in Lex. Aug. 23, 1743 ; he was a magistrate in Lincoln, frequently represented that town in the House of Representatives, and was a senator from the county of Middlesex from 1813 to 1816. He m. Susanna Pierce, and had a family of ten children, five sons and five dau. Samuel, his oldest son, b. May 18, 1778, grad. H. C. 1802, received the degree of LL.D. 1838. He was a lawyer and resided In Con., where he d., much lamented, in 1857. lie was not only distinguished In his profession, but was called to fill many Important stations. He was a senator from Middlesex county, and represented his district-^n the Congress of the United States. He was a man of talents and of great moral worth, leaving a spotless reputation as a rich legacy to his children, some of whom have also become distinguished. His oldest son, Ebenezer Rockwood Hoar, b. Feb. 21, 1816, grad. H. C. 1835, commenced the practice of law in Con. 1839 ; appointed judge of the Court of C. P. 1849. He has also, like his father and grand father, represented his native county In the senate of Mass. He is now on the bench of the Supreme Court. He received the degree of LL.D. from WiUiams Coll. 1861. Edward Sherman, his third son, grad. H. C. 1844, is a lawyer in New York. His youngest son, George Frisbie, grad. H. C. 1846, commenced the practice of law in Worcester ; was a senator from that county in 1857. Elizabdh, b. in Lex. Oct. 14, 1746. Mary, b, in Lex. Oct. 5, 1750 ; d. young. Sarah, b, in Lincoln after her father's plae^vas set off to that town, June 9, 1755 ; m. Nehemiah Abbot. Leonard, b. in Line. June 29, 1758 ; was twice m. Rebecca, b. in Line. Oct. 18, 1761 ; m. Joseph White, Lancaster. Mary, b. June 17, 1764 ; m. March 27, 1788, Thomas Wheeler, Joseph, b, July 30, 1767. 1- 23 4 6 6 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, THE HOBBS FAMILY. Josiah Hobbs, the emigrant ancestor of the family of that name in New England, came to this country in 1671, in the ship Arabella, Sprague, master, in July, He resided In Boston till 1690, when he removed to Camb. Farms. He m. In 1683, and had a son, Josiah, b. in Boston 1684. After 1690, he resided in Lex., (e.xcept for a short period, when he was in the westerly part of Wo.) till his death, which happened May 30, 1741, aged 92 years. He was a subscriber for the meeting house in 1692, and was taxed for the support of the minister the year following. Aug. 1699, he and his wife, Tabitha, were ad. to the ch. In September of the same year Josiah, Tabitha, and Mary, three of their children, were bap. In Oct. 1700, Mattheio and Susanna were bap. The record of this family is very imperfect. They may have had other children. Most of the children d. in in fancy, or before marriage, Josiah Hobbs m., and resided In Lexington till about 1714. In 1713 he was chosen to " take care of y'' swine," About this time he removed to Boston, where he resided many years, and late in Ufe moved with his family to Weston, where the name has been common down to the present day. The Hobbses In Worcester county are descendants from this stock. Josiah Hobbs was married before he left Lex., and had several children bap. Ebenezer, bap. Jan. 8, 1709 ; his father owning the covenant. Elizabeth, bap. March 23, 1712 ; her mother, Mary, making due confession to the church. Tabitha, bap. AprU 13, 1712. This name Is generally spelled Hubbs in Lex. records. THE HOLMES FAMILY. Dr. Howland Holmes and his wife came to Lex. from W. Camb, In the autumn of 1851. He is a son of Howland Holmes of Bridge- water, and grandson of Elias, and great grandson of Elisha Holmes of Plymouth. He was b. Jan. 16, 1816, and m. Aug. 28, 1849, Maria, dau. of WUUam Cotting of West Camb., b. Mar. 3, 1818. He grad. at H. C. in 1843, and at the Mass. Medical School in 1848, and became a member of the Mass . Medical Society the same year. Before graduating from the medical school, he spent a portion of 1846 and 1847 traveling in Europe, but mostly in studying in the hospitals at Paris and London. He has served several years on the school committee In West Camb. and In Lex. He holds a commis sion of justice of the peace. Mary Eddy, b, in West Camb. Aug. 14, 1850 ; d. next day. Carrie Maria, b. in Lex. April 3, 1852 ; d. June 21, 1867. Francis Howland, b. Sept. 13, 1853. Sarah Eddy, b. Sept. 16, 1865. Charlotte Bronte, b. AprU 20, 1857 ; d. Feb. 25, 1865. THE HOUGHTON FAMILY. Levi Houghton, of Lancaster, b. 1736, m. Susan Richardson of that town. He d. 1818, aged 82; she d. 1814. Levi was probably a descendant of John Houghton, or his cousin Ralph, who settled In Lan. about 1652. Levi, by his wife, Susan, had seven children. 1- 2 1- 2 4578 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 107 They resided at one time In Worcester. Levi, one of their sons, b. In Wor. about 1772, m. EUzabeth Stearns of Lunenburg about 1803, where he resided. He d. Jan. 27, 1865, aged 93 ; she d. 1828, aged 47. He was twice married after the death of his first wife, by whom he had his children, nine in number. Samuel A. Houghton, son of Levi and Elizabeth, b. Jan. 4, 1807, ra. Sept. 3, 1834, Martha W. Haywood of Townsend. They resided in Boston till March, 1839, when they removed to Lex. Elizabeth Steams, b. June 14, 1835 ; m. Jan. 19, 1858, Ralph W. Shattuck of West Cambridge. Melinda W., b. Aug. 31, 1840 ; m. Aug. 20, 1861, Thomas Everett Cutler. Henry M., b. Sept. 22, 1842. 5 Clara G., b. Dec. 27, 1845. THE HOVEY FAMILY. Daniel Hovey and Rebecca, 'his wife, came to this country and settled in Ipswich 1637. They had nine children ; Joseph, their fifth son, b. about 1662, m. Hannah Pratt and settled in Hadley. They had five children. John, b. 1684, m. first, Abbia Watson of Camb. Their family consisted of six children. Their oldest son, John, b. 1707, m. Elizabeth Muzzy, dau. of John Muzzy of Lex. He grad. H. C. 1725, was a clergyman, d. 1773. He m. second, Susanna Lovett. Ebenezer, the fourth son of John and Abbia, b. 1714, m. Elizabeth Mason of Wat. They had but one child, Thomas, b. at Newton, Aug. 14, 1740; m. Elizabeth Brown, dau. of Dea. Josiah Brown. They had fifteen children ; all but one lived to grow up. Ebenezer, their fourth son, b. June 8, 1769, m. Sally Greenwood, dau. of Na thaniel Greenwood of Brighton. He d. May 5, 1831, and she d. June 27, 1863. They had twelve chUdren, — thus sustaining the fruitful- ness of the family. Thomas G. Hovey, their fifth son, b. Jan. 23, 1816, m. Nov. 3, 1841, Ann Maria Hoping of Camb., b..Nov. 13, 1822. Emma Maria, b. Dec. 26, 1842. 3 Ellen Amanda, b. Jan. 1, 1844. Thomas Ebenezer, b. June 23, 1845. Walter SewaU, b. May 7, 1847. 6 Georgianna, b. Feb. 7, 1849. Stilman Southwick, b. April 16, 1850. Frank Pierce, b. Dec. 3, 1852. Mr. Hovey resided in Cambridge tUl about 1850, where his first five children were b., when he came to Lex., where the last two were bom. THE HUDSON FAMILY. The Hudsons were among the early settlers of New England. WiUiam, Francis, and Ralph, were in and about Boston before 1636, and were among the prominent citizens. But it is doubtful whether the Lancaster Hudsons were from either of these families. Daniel Hudson came to this country about 1639. He was in Wat. 1640, and settled in Lancaster, 1665, where he purchased a town right for £40. His wife's name was Johanna, by whom he had eleven children. One of his daughters m. Abraham JosUn. When the Indians attacked Lancaster in 1675, Joslin and his family took 08 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 2- 3 3- 4 6 67 8 9 10 11121314 3-13- refuge In the garrison house of Bev. Mr. Rolandson. After a most vigorous defence, the house was set on fire, when the only alternative left was to perish in the flames or fall into the hands of the mercUess foe. Joslin was killed while defending the Inmates of the house ; but his wife and daughter were taken captive, with Mrs. Rolandson, carried away and barbarously murdered in the wilderness. The fate of his daughter Anna but prefigured that of her parents ; for In 1697, Daniel Hudson and his wife, one daughter, and two children of his son Nathaniel, were killed by the Indians in their incursion into that ill-fated town. His oldest son Danid m. and settled in Bridgewater, and his son William soon followed him. Nathaniel Hudson, another son of Daniel, appears to have been rather migratory, for he is at one time in Lancaster and at another in Billerica. He m. Rebecca Rugg. We have found no record of his children, except that three of them, viz. Seth, Nathaniel, and Abigail, were bap. In Lexington, April 22, 1705. This was prob ably when he was residing in BUlerica; for he deeded a lot of land in Lincoln to a Mr. Buss, about that time, and signed himself as of Billerica. He is also believed to be the father of John, who with Seth and Nathaniel settled in Marlborough. John Hudson, b. 1713, m. Eliz. McAllister of Northborough. She d. May 16, 1786, aged 66, and he m. March 28, 1787, Bethia Wood, who survived him. He d. in Berlin, Aug. 6, 1799, aged 86. He resided first in Marlborough, and afterwards In Berlin. There is one peculiarity In the whole family. They seem to have had a taste for a military life. Few families of the same number have furnished as many soldiers for the old French and Indian wars, and 'the Revo lutionary war, as the Hudsons. And in searching for their geneal ogy, the army rolls will furnish as much information as the parish registers. John Hudson and two of his sons were in the service In the French war, and he and his eight sons were In the service during some period of the Revolutionary war. Elisha, b, ; m. Oct. 4, 1770, Susanna Brigham of Marlbor ough. He was in the French war in 1756, '58, and '60. He was also in the Revolutionary army. After the war he removed to Can ada, where he d. Elijah, b. ; m. Hannah Goodnow. He was In the French war in 1758, and '69 ; and also in the Revolution. Miriam, b. 1746 ; m. Jonas Babcock of Northborough, where she d, Moses, b. Jan. 4, 1749. He was five years In the Revolutionary army; d. unm. Aaron, b. Aug. 24, 1750. He was in the Lexington alarm, 1775. Hannah, b. July 20, 1752 ; d. in Berlin, nnm. Ebenezer, b. May 16, 1766 ; d. In the Revolutionary army. John, b. May 9, 1767 ; moved to Oxford ; was three years in the Continental army. Charles, b. , 1759; he was a three years' man in the Conti nental service, and when his time was about expiring, he was acci dentally killed by our own men. Two scouting parties met In the night-time, and mistaking each other for the enemy, they fired, and killed him, and another man. •[Stephen, b, June 12, 1761 ; he was three years in the Continental service. Elizabdh, b. ; m. Nov. 18, 1779, Levi Fay of Marlborough. Stephen Hudson m. Feb. 10, 1791, Louisa Williams, dau. of Larkin and Anna (Warren) WUUams. He d. March 21, 1827, aged -'^Lr)/C-^^t^£^ ^4^, ^-(^-^^ O-;/-^ GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 109 13-16 1617 18 13-17- 17-19 202122 68, and she d. Oct. 7, 1837, aged 70. He enlisted into the Conti nental army at the age of 16, and after the expiration of his three years, he entered on board a privateer, which crossed the Atlantic, and cruised on the coast of Great Britain, Spain, and Portugal, and returned to the United States about the time peace was concluded. After the war was over he enlisted for a Western campaign against the Indians ; but some reverses at the West induced a change of poUcy, and the company to which he belonged proceeded no farther than West Point, where they remained till their term of service ex pired. While in the army and on board of the privateer he was in several severe actions. While the army was in the .Jerseys, he and others volunteered to scour the country around Philadelphia, to cut off the supplies which the British were drawing from the people. W^hile in that service they were captured, carried into Philadelphia, and thrown into, prison, where for several months, in the heat of summer, they suffiired e.xtremely from the closeness of their confine ment, the want of provision, and the wanton cruelty of the guard. The" Philadelphia Jail," and the "Jersey Prison-ship," will stand as lasting monuments of British cruelty and American suffiiring, nearly approaching the barbarity and suffering at Andersonville. When these prisoners were exchanged, they were so feeble and ema ciated that they were scarcely able to walk, and yet they were turned out without money, without rations, and almost without clothing, to beg their way to their respective regiments. He resided in Marl boro', where his children were bom. Nancy, b. July 8, 1791 ; d. unm. Sept. 30, 1853, aged 62. Elizabdh, b. Aug. 28, 1793 ; m. Sept. 5, 1814, Thomas Cooledge. She had ten children, and d. Feb. 25, 1835, aged 42. \Gharles, b. Nov. 14, 1795 ; he has been twice married. Louisa, b. May 3, 1798; m. Joseph Shurtleff'. She survived her husband, and d. June 17, 1825. Charles Hudson m. July 21, 1825, Ann Rider of Shrewsbury, dau. of John and Mercy (Brigham) Rider, b. July 4, 1806. She d. Sept. 19, 1829, aged 23 years; and he m. May 14, 1830, Martha B. Rider, sister of his first wife. He studied theology and was set tled in Westminster, where he resided twenty-five years. He repre sented the town four years in the House of Representatives, the county of Worcester six years in the Senate, and three years in the Executive Council, and the District eight years in Congress. On leaving Congress he was appointed Naval Officer In the Boston Cus tom House, a place he held four years. He was also eight years a member of the Board of Education, and four years an Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Sixth Collection District of Mass. He has also filled other public stations. He has published several books and tracts on theological and other subjects. Among his publications is a History of Marlboro', his native town. He Is a member of several Historical Societies. In 1849, he removed from Westminster to Lexington, where he now resides. His children were born in Westminster. Harrid WUliams, b. Aug. 18, 1827 ; d. July 26, 1828. Harrid Ann, b. Sept. 13, 1829 ; m. Sept. 4, 1854, Henry M. Smith. They reside in Chicago, III., where he is editor of a daily paper. Martha B., b. AprU 10, 1832 ; d. April 25, 1832. Charles Henry, b. July 10, 1833 ; grad. a civil engineer at the Law rence Scientific School, Harvard University, 1856. He went West 72 23 24 1- 2 2- 3 45 6 7 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. in 1856, where he has been engaged in his profession. He m. Jan. 1, 1862, Frances H. Nichols of Boston. They reside at Burling ton, Iowa. John 'Williams, b. July 10, 1836 ; m. March 25, 1866, Sophia W. Mellen, dau. of Hon. Edward and Sophia CWhitney) Mellen of Wayland. He grad. H. C. 1856, taught a high school, read law, and is in practice in Boston. In the late Rebellion, he served with 35th liegt. Mass. Vols, in the Army of the Potomac, and In Kentucky, Mississippi and East Tennessee. He was Ueut. col. of his regiment. He has held several town offices. Mary Elizabdh, b. March 31, 1839. There has been another family of Hudsons in Lexington, who came from Boston, and probably were the descendants of William or Francis, who were in Boston or its immediate vicinity at the first planting of the colony. Joseph Hudson m. Dec. 24, 1764, Sarah White. She d. and he m. second, 1782, Elizabeth Brown. She d. in Boston, June, 1820. He had Joseph, b. June 15, 1770 ; WilUam, b. In Cohasset, June 15, 1775 ; Benjamin, b. Feb. 27, 1783 ; John, b, March 19, 1786. John Hudson, the last named son of Joseph, m. March, 1808, Lucy Crocker. She d. Aug. 1837, and he m. AprU 19, 1838, AUce Frost. She d. Nov. 7, 1867. He is living in his 81st year. He came to Lexington in 1843. Eliza J. C, b. Dec. 4, 1808 ; d. Oct. 21, 1810. Eliza J. C, b. Nov. 23, 1812 ; d. July 13, 1832. Mary. b. March 14, 1815 ; d. March 22, 1816. John, b. Nov. 22, 1818 ; d. May 22, 1840. William, b, March 17, 1822; m. Oct. 19, 1845, Lucretia Fiske, dau. of Samuel and Ardelia L. (Tufts) Fiske, b. July 12, 1825. He resided first in Lex. and then in Worcester. He entered the ser vice In 1861, served under Burnslde in North Carolina, was at tached to the signal corps, and d. of disease Aug. 20, 1862. He left two chUdren, John A., b. Dec. 26, 1846; William F., b. Oct. 3, 1848. THE HUFFMASTER FAMILY. Isaac Hupfmaster, son of Andrew and Abigail Huffmaster, b, in Wo. July 13, 1793. He came to Lex. In 1827, and m. Dec. 1827, Frances Wier, b. In Medford, Sept. 27, 1801. He d. Nov. 21, 1865, aged 72. They had three children, — Frances Maria, b. July 9, 1829 ; ra. April 11, 1864, A, Leonard JeweU of Walt. She d. Jan. 9, 1860, leaving one child, Frank, b. Dec. 30, 1859. Mr. Jewell was kiUed by the faUing of a staging, June 26, 1867. Isaac, b, June 23, 1832, d. Oct. 6, 1832 ; Isaac, b, Aug. 19, 1838. THE HUNT FAMILY. Isaac Hunt was one of the assessors In 1711, and a subscriber for the purchase of the Common. His record is so meagre that we cannot trace him. The following are probably his children : Thomas, bap. April, 1701; Mary, bap. Sept. 6, 1703; Henry, A, Nov. 11, 1705; Ebenezer, bap. AprU 16, 1708; Samuel, bap. June 27, 1710; John, bap. March 9, 1712. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 111 INGERSOLL. — Jonathan Ingersoll came to reside in Lexing ton in 1756 from HoUiston, In 17 57, Jonathan and Nathaniel Inger soll were In the French war as soldiers from Lex, Hannah Ingersoll was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Oct. 14, 1759. Dorcas Ingersoll was bap. Oct. 21, 1859. THE JENNISON FAMILY. Josiah Jennison, b. Jan. 22, 1730, was the son of Nathaniel Jennison of Weston, who m. Oct. 23, 1729, Abigail Mead, dau. of HopestiU and Elizabeth Mead. She d. and he m. Feb. 12, 1756, Mary Tidd, dau. of Joseph and Dorothy (Stickney) Tidd of Lex., b. Jan. 7, 1732. 'They were admitted "to the ch. Nov. 13, 1757. They had eight chUdren, Mary, bap. Nov. 13, 1767, d. young; Bet sey, bap. Nov. 13, 1757, ad. to the ch. April 6, 1777 ; Josiah, bap. Sept. 9, 1759; Mary, bap. Nov. 1, 1761; Nathan, bap. Oct. 28, 1764; John, bap. Oct. 30, 1768; WilUam, bap. Sept. 2, 1770. THE JOHNSON FAMILY, The Lexington records open with the name of four Johnsons, John, WiUiam, Thomas, and Obadiah, all of adult age, tax payers, and hence residents. The Johnsons were so numerous among the early emigrants, that it is Impossible to trace them with accuracy. John Johnson of Wo., probably a son of Capt. Edward, m. April 28, 1657, Bethia Reed, and had among other chUdren John, b. Jan. 24, 1658; William, b. Sept. 29, 1662; Obadiah, b, June 16, 1664. These were probably the Johnsons found at Camb. Farms. John, William, and Thomas were subscribers for the meeting house, 1692, and John, William, and Obadiah were taxed in 1693. John and William are continued on the tax list 1695 and 1696. John Johnson had a wife, and probably children, at that time. Mary, his -wife, was ad. to the ch. before 1698, and on April 9, 1699, Mary, Prudence, and Rebecca were bap., and on the next Sabbath Sarah and Esther were bap. On the 4th of May, 1699, Mary was bap., and on the 10th of Sept., 1704, Abigail was bap. From these fragmentary records It Is not possible to classify the families, and the following records of deaths at that period increases the per plexity; Thomas Johnson, d. Dec. 4, 1690; Mary Johnson, d. July 16, 1691; Mary Johnson, sen., d. Dec. 29, 1694; John Johnson, d. March 8, 1698 ; Sarah Johnson, d. July 1, 1708. Some of these were probably the children of John. John Johnson was one of the parish assessors in 1712, and the year following he was consulted relative to a road to pass through his land, and in 1716 he was paid for the land so taken. He must have resided in the northerly part of the town, in the neighborhood of the Lockes and the Blodgetts. The Lancaster records give the marriage of William Johnson and Ruth Rugg, both of Lexington, Feb. 11, 1725 ; and the Lex. records contain the following : " WUliam Johnson, son of William and Ruth Johnson, b. AprU 2, 1725." After this there is no mention of the name for more than half a century. MuNSON Johnson came from Wo. to Lex. in 1795, and David Johnson In 1797. They were brothers, and sons of Francis Johnson of Wo., who was son of Francis, of the same town. Munson va, Betsey Munroe, dau. of Nathan. They had two children b, in Lex., Charlotte and Adella. 1- 2 9 10 11 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, David Johnson m. Feb. 2, 1804, PhUena Munroe, dau. of John, Thpy had no issue. He d. Oct. 26, 1860, aged 80 years and 6 months. She is living. In her 86th year. He took an active part In. the militia, and rose to the rank of major. There was another branch of Francis Johnson's family which settled in Iiexington. Thomas Johnson, son of Frederick, and grandson of Francis, came to Lex, the latter part of the last century, to learn a trade of Seth Reed, and m. Sept. 1811, Mary Dudley, dau. of Nathan and Sarah Dudley. He d. July 1, 1830, aged 45 ; she d. Dee. 3, 1862, aged 70. He left four dau., all of whom m. and have resided in Lex. Mary D., b. Nov. 11, 1812 ; ra. Jan. 16, 1836, Cotesworth P. Whee ler. They have had Mary Henrietta, b. July 22, 1838, d. July 9, 1866 ; Clara Ellen, b.Oct. 14, 1840; Theodora Elizabeth, b. Oct. 4, 1844. He d. May 14, 1866. Sarah Maria, b. AprU 22, 1816 ; ra. Feb. 13, 1840, James Sumner. Emily, b. July 27, 1818 ; m. May 30, 1850, William E. CogsweU, and had one son, Willie, b. Jan. 15, 1853, and d. Sept. 7, 1853. He d. Feb. 12, 1860, aged 40. Susan Sprague, b. July 4, 1824; m. Dec. 30, 1846, David A. Tuttle. There has been another family of Johnsons In Lex., the pedigree of which we have not been able to trace. John Johnson m. Nov. 12, 1810, Eunice Pierce of Weston. He d. June 1, 1856, aged 76. He was son of Obadiah Johnson, who m. Sarah Loring, dau. of John Loring. Tradition says that he had John and Sarah. Who Obadiah Johnson was, whence he came, and whither he went, we have not been able to ascertain. John lived and d. on East street, near Lowell street. Elbridge, b, AprU 11, 1811 ; d. AprU 12, 1811. John E., b. Sept. 11, 1812; d. June 27, 1826. Susan A., b. April 17, 1815 ; m. April 2, 1831, Horatio Brown. Thomas S., b. Oct. 3, 1817; m. Aug. 15, 1844, Margaret Sweney of Charlestown, where he d. 1858. Nancy A., b. Aug. 28, 1820; d. Oct. 20, 1822. Ann M., b, March 23, 1823 ; m. Aug. 30, 1843, Abel Jones of Acton. Sarah J,, b. March 13, 1826 ; ra. June 11, 1842, Alfred Laws of Westford. Almira, b. Ap. 30, 1827 ; m. Ap. 19, 1850, Wyman SkUton of Bur. JohnH., b. Sept. 18, 1830. Andrew, b. Feb. 11, 1833 ; m. Oct. 19, 1866, Sarah Cheney of Orange. There is still another famUy of the name. Charles W. John son, b. in Wayland, June 6, 1806, m. April 12, 1832, Martha S. Miles of Con. He moved to Lex. in 1848. They have four chil dren; Charles E,,b. Nov. 12, 1833; m. Nov. 29, 1859, Kitty M. Hadlock; Joseph M., b. Aug. 10, 1835; Martha M,, b. July 18, 1838, m. June 19, 1863, Albert F. Nurse ; William R., b. Mar. 2, 1842. THE KENDALL FAMILY. Though the Kendalls have never been numerous in Lex,, there was one famUy in town about the time of its incorporation. They 7 9 11 12 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 113 came from Wo., where Francis Kendall was, as early as 1640, and was made freeman 1647. He m. Dec. 24, 1644, Mary Tidd of that town, and had John, b. 1646, Thomas, b. 1648, Samud, b. 1659, besides several daughters. Francis Kendall was the ancestor of most of the Kendalls in Massachusetts, and indeed of New England. His son Thomas, m. Ruth, and had among other children Thomas, b. May 19, 1677. He was the first of the name in Lex. Thomas Kendall probably m. March 30, 1796, Abigail Brough- ton of Wo. as his first wife, and about 1701, m. second, Sarah, dau. of Rev. Thomas Cheever of Chelsea. She d. In Framingham, May 2, 1761, aged 75. They probably came to Lex. about 1710. In 1713, in the quaint language of the record, " discourse being on foot concerning highways, Capt. William Reed offered to give for the peace and quiet of the town," a highway for Thomas Kendall and the neighborhood westerly of him, through his land to the town road. From this time there was a long, bitter controversy about Thomas Kendall's road, which was settled by Mr. Kendall's giving a bond to the town In 1730, binding himself and his heirs to save the town harmless from all expense in maintaining the road forever. It Is difficult to fix the exact locality of the residence of Mr. Kendall, but it would seem that he resided south and west of the great mea dow, near the brook running into the same, and probably near what is now known as the Thoming Place. Thomas Kendall and his wife were ad. to the ch. In Lex. 1728. He was constable In 1718, and fiUed several other subordinate town offices. In 1745, he and his wife were dismissed to the ch. in Fra mingham, to which place they had removed. Their first four chil dren were born in Wo., and the rest In Lexington. Sarah, b, Sept. 7, 1702. Thomas, b, July 30, 1704. He was ad. to the ch. in Lex. 1726. Abigail, b. Aug. 10, 1706 ; ad. to the ch. In Lex. Nov. 29, 1724. Benjamin, b. Feb. 26, 1708. He went to Sherb., where he m. Jan. 24, 1733, Kezia Leland, and had a family in that place. Joshua, b. Aug. 7, 1713 ; m. 1745, Sarah Dewing of Natick, and resided in Framingham. Ezekiel, b. Dec. 21, 1715. 8 Elizabdh, b. March 4, 1718. Buth, b, June 13, 1720. 10 Jane, b. Nov. 14, 1722. Elijah,}-, T on 1-rnK < ra. May 24, 1750, Jemima Smith, Sud. Elisha, \ ^- J^°- -^O' 1^2^ ' I probably d. young. There were other Kendalls In Lex. at a somewhat early day, probably relatives of Thomas. Eleazer, of Eleazer and Hannah KendaU, bap. AprU 2, 1714; William, bap. May 6, 1716, ad. to ch. Oct. 16, 1737. Daniel Fiske of Walt. m. AprU 7, 1763, Sarah Ken dall of Lexington. Oliver W. Kendall was son of Capt. Oliver and Lucy Kendall of Ashby. He was b. Sept. 17, 1806 ; m. Feb. 8, 1831, Mary, dau. of Paul and Elizabeth Gates of Ashby, b._ May 13, 1807. They came to Lex. immediately after their marriage. He has filled the office of constable about twenty years. They have two children ; Frank 0., b. Jan. 18, 1834; m. Jan, 16, 1860, EsteUe Ditson of Boston, They r. in Marlborough. He was in service nine months in the late rebelUon, Mary Elizabeth, b, Sept. 4, 1836 ; m. March 27, 1862, Charles Hervey Bennett. He d. July 8, 1864. KIBBE. — In 1710, Sherebriah Kibbe and Elizabeth Kibbe, probably his wife, were ad. to the ch. in Lex. From what place they 1- 23 4 66 ¦ 7 8 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. t came, we have not learned. He subscribed, in 1711, for the pur chase of the Common, and in 1713 was appointed sealer of leather. The following is found upon the church records : Seth Kibbe, bap. Feb. 17, 1711 ; Sarah Kibbe, bap. AprU 23, 1713 ; Sept. 9, 1722, bap. Samuel, Ebenezer, Elizabeth, and Mary Kibbe, — all of whom owned the covenant but Ebenezer. Esther Stone, dau. of Sherebriah Kibbe, and Hannah Kibbe, were also bap. ' THE LAUGHTON FAMILY. John Laughton, and his wife Sarah, came to Lex. from Reading about 1720. The first mention of them is the baptism of their dau. Hannah, Nov. 6, 1720. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. from the church of Reading, Jan. 24, 1723. He resided on Monument street, at or near the place recently occupied by Samuel A. Houghton. In 1733, John Laughton was chosen deacon, and became a prominent man both in the church and in the town. In 1722, he was chosen one of the assessors, and filled that office nine years. He was also one of the selectmen in 1738. July 1, 1744, he and his wife and his son Jeremiah were dismissed to the ch. at Harvard, to which place they had removed a short time before. They had four children bap. in Lex. — Hannah, b, Oct. 30, 1720; Jeremiah, b. July, 1723, d. soon after birth ; Jeremiah, b. Aug. 4, 1725, moved to Harvard ; Hepzibah, bap. July 27, 1735, m. Feb. 9, 1758, Edward Winship. There were other Laughtons in Lex, about that period. Thomas Laughton, and his wife Abigail, were in town, and had two children bap. viz. Sarah, bap. Dec. 10, 1736, and Thomas, Nov. 15, 1737, Thomas, the father, was ad. to the ch. April 14, 1728. He may have been a hrother of Dea. John. Both left town about the same time. THE LAWRENCE FAMILY. Though the Lawrences were not among the earliest settlers in Lex., the name appears on our records as early as 1693 ; and for a considerable period they were among the prominent citizens. They were the descendants of John Lawrence, an early settler In Wat. This family dates back to the early period of 1190. It commenced with Sir Robert Lawrence, who was present at the seige of Acre, 1191. The immediate descendants of Sir Robert married into the family of Washington, and thus the name of Lawrence was continued In the family down to the grandfather of Gen. Washington. The grandson of Sir Robert m. Matilda, dau. of John de Washington. John Lawrence was probably in Wat. as early as 1635, as his eldest child was born there March 14, 1636. He was admitted free man April 17, 1637. He had two wives, and fifteen children. By his first wife, Elizabeth, he had thirteen, and by his last, Susanna Batchelder, he had two. The history of this family Is very obscure, but Uttle being known of the children except their names. John, b. March 14, 1636. Jonathan, b, ; burled AprU 6, 1648. •[Nathaniel, b. Oct. 16, 1639. Joseph, b. March, and d. May, 1642. Joseph, b. May 30, 1643. Mary, b, July 16, 1645 ; m. Inego Potter of Charlestown. Pdeg, b, Jan. 10, 1647. 9 Enoch, b, March 6, 1649. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 115 10 111213 16 1-4- -16 17 18 19 20 212223 24 26 26 4-19- 19-27 28 29 303132 33 3435 19-27- Samuel, mentioned in his father's will. Isaac, b. ; m. April 19, 1682, AbigaU Bellows. Elizabdh, b. May 9, 1656. Zechariah, b, March 9, 1659. 14 Abigail, b. Jan. 9, 1666. Susanna, b. July 3, 1667, eight days before the death of her father. Nathaniel Lawrence of Groton m. in Sudbury, March 13, 1661, Sarah Morse, dau. of John and Hannah of Dedham. She d, in Groton 1684, He was ad. freeman In 1672, was early chosen Dea., was a representative, and was much employed in public busi ness. After the death of his wife, Sarah, he ra. Hannah . She d. after 1701, for her signature is set to a deed at that date. In advanced life he moved to Lex., where he d. April 14, 1724, aged 85. His wiU, dated Aug. 4, 1718, and proved May 4, 1724, men tions sons Nathaniel and John, dau. Hannah Houlden and Mary Wheeler, son Samuel Page, dau. Elizabeth Harris and dau. Deborah, and grandson Lawrence. What time he came to Lex. is uncertain ; • not however till after 1701. His son had preceded him, as he was In Lex. In 1693, his name being upon the tax bill of that year. He probably came to reside with his son John. Nathaniel, b. In Sud. AprU 4, 1661 ; m. Ann . Sarah, b, in Sud. Jan. 1, 1663 ; d. young. Hannah, b. July 3, 1664 ; d. young. '[John, b, July 29, 1667; d. in Lex. March 12, 1746. Mary, b, March 3, 1670 ; d. early. Sarah, b. May 16, 1672 ; she was probably the first wife of Samuel Page, who moved to Southboro. Elizabdh, b, July 6, 1674; d. Oct. 20. 1675. Elizabdh, b, ; m. Abner Harris of Medford. Hannah, b. April 26, 1687 ; m. Samuel Holden. Mary, b, Oct. 16, 1690; m. Zebadiah Wheeler.. Jonathan, b, June 14, 1796. John Lawrence, a blacksmith and a farmer, m. In Groton, Nov. 9, 1687, AnnaTarbell. He moved to Camb. Farms in 1693, where he and his wife were admitted to the ch. Feb. 9, 1699. He resided on the Bedford road, near the Bedford line. ' He was chosen one of the parish assessors in 1702, constable In 1705, selectman in 1717, '19, '26, '27, and '31, He was often employed by the town on Im portant committees, and was a highly respectable and useful citizen. He d. March 12, 1746, aged -79 ; she d. Dec. 19, 1732, aged 63. '[John, b. June 10, 1688; d. Jan. 22, 1752. Thomas, b, ; resided In Groton. William, b. 1697 ; of Groton. Samuel, b, July 9, 1700. _ Anna, bap. Oct. 1, 1702, in Lex. ; m. Capt. Benjamin Bancroft of Charlestown. She d. July 21, 1787, in Groton. •[Jonathan, bap. Feb. 24, 1706 ; m. Elizabeth Swain. Sarah, bap. June 20, 1708 ; in. Josiah Fiske. \Benjamin, bap. May 31,^1713; m. Jane Russell, 1735. \Amos, bap. Feb. 19, 1716 ; he removed to Groton. John Lawrence m. May 18, 1710, Elizabeth Stone, b. June 19, 1693, dau. of Dea. Samuel and Dorcas (Jones) Stone. Though he was married In Lex. and his children were baptized there, he resided within the bounds of Wo., and took an active part In the affairs of 116 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 19-32- 32-36 37 3839 40 41 42 434445 19-34- 19-35- 32-40- the precinct, when the northern part of Wo. was made a distinct parish. He had eight children, one of whom, Rebecca, m. June 27, 1751, Thomas Locke of Lexington, Jonathan Lawrence m. Feb. 26, 1727, Elizabeth Swain of Lex., b. 1707. He d. March 19, 1773, aged 68, and his widow d. July 4, 1790, aged 85. He first settled in Sudbury, afterwards in Framing ham, and returned about 1740, as one of his children was bap. in Lex. In 1741. The same year he was elected to town office. In 1743, he and his wife united with the church in Lex., by a letter of recom mendation from the East Church in Sudbury. He was frequently employed In public business by the town, having filled the office of highway surveyor, tythingman, constable, &c. Elizabdh,_b. in Lex. Feb. 19, 1728; d. Jan. 16,- 1733. Mary, b. In Framingham Nov. 30, 1729 ; m. Abijah Smith of Lex,, Jan. 1750. Sarah, b. In Fram. Dec. 15, 1731 ; m. Jan. 30, 1752, Jonathan Reed, son of Benjamin and Rebecca Reed of Lex. He settled In Littleton. Jonathan, b. In Fram. Feb 5, 1734. He went to Wo., where he m. EUzabeth Johnson ; afterwards moved to Ashby. jBezaleel, b. probably in Fram., April 13, 1736. Micah, b. March 15, 1739, and bap. in Lex. He grad. H. C. 1759, was ordained a minister at Winchester, N. H., Nov. 14, 1764, and d. Jan. 1794, aged 55. Elizabdh, b. Dec. 13, 1741, bap. in Lex. ; m. Nov. 7, 1764, Thad deus Bowman of Lex. Anna, b. March 19, 1746 ; d. 'July 18, 1753. John, b. June 6, 1748 ; went to Ashby, where he was deacon. Benjamin, b, Sept. 13, 1750; d. June 9, 1753. Benjamin Lawrence m. Feb. 12, 1735, Jane Russell, b. July 19, 1711, dau. of Jonathan and Elizabeth. He was ad. to the ch. June 29, 1735,,she being a member before. They were dismissed in 1737 to the church in Westborough, and from that church to Boston. Amos Lawrence, who was bap. in Lex. Feb. 19, 1716, m. Nov, 17, 1749, Abigail Abbott, b. Jan. 25, 1721, dau. of Nehemiah and Sarah (Foster) Abbott of Lex. At what time he left Lex. is uncertain. He moved to Groton, where his children were born. He had four sons, Amos, Nehemiah, Samud, and Asa, born between 1750 and 1757. Samuel, his third son, became quite distinguished. He m. 1777 Susanna Parker of Groton . He was a dea. of the church, justice of the peace, and filled other important offices. He was one of those who raUied at Concord to oppose the progress of the British troops. He was one of the founders of the academy in Groton, which now bears his name. He was highly esteemed by his townsmen, and respected by all who knew him. He had six sons, five of whom lived to grow up, and became very distinguished. Luther, b. 1778 ; WU liam, b. 1783 ; Amos, b. 1785 ; Abbott, b. 1792 ; Samuel, b. 1801. The first of these was a lawyer, and mayor of Lowell, the other four were merchants in Boston, well known and respected in the commu nity. Abbott represented the country, as Minister Plenipotentiary, at the Court of St. James. Bezaleel Lawrence m. Oct. 19, 1758, Sarah Muzzy, dau. of Amos and Esther (Green) Muzzy, b. March 30, 1737. He was ad. to the ch. March 26, 1768. He d. Feb. 6, 1796, and she d. Feb. 4, 1819, aged 80. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 117 40-46 47 48 49505162 40-51- 51-53 55 57 59 40-52- 52-61 6364 1- 2 Sarah, b. Sept. 3, 1759; m. Nov. 15, 1781, John Smith of Lex. Anna, b. May 17, 1761 ; d. AprU 4, 1845, aged 84. Bezaleel, b. April 12, 1763. He went to Leominster, where he' be came one of their prominent citizens. Esther, b, June 30, 1766 ; m. Oct. 7, 1784, John Hastings. Bethia, b. Sept. 25, 1767; d. AprU 19, 1801, aged 34. f Jonas, b. Feb. 27, 1770; d. Jan. 8, 1835, aged 65. ^Jonathan, b. Sept. 11, 1774; d. 1840. Jonas Lawrence m. 1789, Dorcas Wood of Woburn. Dorcas, b, Oct. 29, 1790. Jonas, b, Feb. 4, 1796. Lucy, b. Jan. 12, 1801. Emeline, b. Dec. 7, 1805. 54 Edmund, b. Dec. 7, 1794. 66 Lurena, b. July 19, 1798. 58 John, b. June 17, 1803. 60 Joseph B. v., b. Aug. 31, 1807. Jonathan Lawrence m. April 12, 1798, Polly Reed of Bedford. Polly, b, April 28, 1799. 62 Esther, b. April 23, 1801. AbigaU, b. Nov. 8, 1803 ; d. Dec. 23, 1826. Elizabdh Swain, b, Sept. 10, 1807. There has been another family of Lawrences in town more recently, which originated from Wat., but it is thought by those well informed, that there was no relationship between them. John Lawrence and George Lawrence were both early settlers in Wat. Bond, in his genealogies of Watertown, says, " The will of John Lawrence fur nishes no reason for supposing that he aud George were nearly related. All the families of this name in Wat., Walt., and Weston, after the removal of John and his family to Groton, appear to be descendants from George. The preceding families descended from John, and the following families from George. George Lawrence, of Wat., was b. 1637; m. Sept. 29, 1657, EUzabeth Crispe, who d. 1681 ; and he m. 1691, Elizabeth Holland. He had fourteen children ; George, his third son, b. June 4, 1668, m. Mary, and had eight chUdren. John, the second son of George, was b. Feb. 20, 1704, and d. 1770. He r. in what Is now Walt., and m. Jan. 24, 1734, Mary Hammond. His youngest son, Phinehas, b. Feb. 19, 1749, m. Nov. 5, 1770, Elizabeth Stearns. He was a dea con and selectman, 1781-1786. He had eleven children, Phinehas Lawrence, the oldest son of the preceding Phinehas, was b. Feb 19, 1776, and m. Dec. 22, 1796, Polly WeUington, dau. of WiUiam Wellington. He resided in Walt, about four years after his marriage, when he settled In Lex., 1800. He d. June 9, 1864, aged 89, and she d. June 9, 1847. \Isaac W., b. In Walt. Jan. 30, 1797 ; m. Sept. 11, 1822, Mary Par ker; hed. 1843. Louisa, b. In Walt. Sept. 10, 1798; ra. Oct. 23, 1821, MarshaU Brown ; r. in Western. Maria, b. In Lex. AprU 3, 1800; m. AprU 23, 1822, Joshua S. Smith. She is still living. Adeline, b. Dec. 19, 1801 ; ra. Nov. 21, 1822, Thomas Barnes, Walt. t WUliam H., b. Nov. 28, 1803 ; m. May 9, 1836, Eliza Eaton. Sybil, b. Sept. 4, 1806 ; m. Dec. 24, 1824, Bass of Peterbor ough, N. H. They had two chil. b. In Lex. ; Almira, who m. Prescott Bennett; liuA Addison, who m. Hannah Hopping. 73 18 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1-2- 2-15 161718 1-6- 6-19 20 2122 23 1-8- 8-24 25262728 2930 31 32 1-10- 10-33 34 35 j Sydney, b. Dec. 24, 1806 ; m. Ap. 9, 1829, Anna Maynard of Walt. Charles,b. Sept. 30, 1808; d. 1811. \Phinehas, b. Sept. 4, 1810 ; m. July 3, 1831, Catharine Pierce. Charles, b. June 21, 1812 ; drowned June 17, 1832. He was the first buried in the new cemetery in Lexington. Franklin, b. June 17, 1814 ; d. Sept. 2, 1847, unm. Mary W., b, AprU 13, 1816 ; m. April 28, 1842, Willard Evans ; she d. 1848. Leonard, b. Feb. 25, 1820 ; m. AprU 19, 1845, Elizabeth Lord of Portsmouth, N. H. ; r. in Providence. Isaac W. Lawrence m. Sept. 11, 1822, Mary Parker, dau. of Robert Parker. He d. Nov. 18, 1843. His widow Is still living. Albert, b, Henry L., b. — Parker, b. ; r. In Boston. Theodore, b. ; r. In Boston. • ; r. in Arlington. William H. Lawrence m. May 9, 1835, Eliza Eaton. Ann Eliza, b. ; m. Comee ; r. in Boston. Charles H., b. ; m. In Boston, where he resides, George Bancroft, b. ; r. in St. Louis. Abbott, b. ; r. In Boston. Wesley, b. ; r. In Boston. Sydney Lawrence m. April 9, 1829, Anna Maynard of Walt., dau. of Antipast Maynard, b. Oct. 27, 1809. Julian, b. June 1, 1830 ; m. Sydney Butterfield. Charles, b. Aug. 6, 1832 ; m. Georgiana Robinson ; r. in E. Camb. WilUam Webster, b. Sept. 15, 1834; m. Judith C. Smith; r. in East Cambridge. Waldo E., b. Dec. 16, 1836 ; r. In Boston. Francis M., b. Jan. 16, 1838 ; m. Mrs. Mary Thayer of Camb. ; r. there. George H, b. Feb. 28, 1841 ; m. Oct. 1865, Mary Marsh of Belmont, and r. In Boston. Almira A., b. Sept 28, 1843 ; d. Oct. 1, 1865. Bernard W., b. June 15, 1846; r. in Boston. Sydney M., b. June 12, 1853. Phinehas Lawrence m. Catharine Pierce, dau. of Loring Pierce. Leander, b. — WiUiam W,,b. Sophia, b. ¦ ; killed In the late war. ¦ ; r. In Providence. ¦ ; m. Maxwell Reed ; r. in Providence. THE LIVERMORE FAMILY. Though the name of Livermore rarely appears upon our records, the fact that Leonard J. Livermore was one of our clergymen for nine years, will justify the following notice of the family. John Livermore came to New England, 1634, when 28 years of age, and settled in Wat. 1642. He was ad. freeman 1635. He was frequently elected selectman In Wat. By his wife Grace he had nine I children. Samuel, one of his sons, was ad. freeman, 1671. He m. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 119 1- 2 3 46 67 8 1-8- 8-10 11 12 13 1- 2 3 4 56 Anna Bridge, and d. Dec. 5, 1690. She d. Aug. 28, 1727, aged 81. They had twelve children. Jonathan, their sixth child, b. April 19, 1678 ; ra. Nov. 23. 1699, Rebecca Barnes. He d. Nov. 8, 1705, and she d. Dec. 9, 1765, aged 85. They had four children. Jonathan, their oldest child, b. Aug. 16. 1700 ; ra. June 23, 1723, AbigaU BaU. About two years after their marriage they moved to Northboro', of which he was the first town clerk. His wife dying, he m. Nov. 16, 1775, Jane Dunlap. He lived to the remarkable age of one hundred years and seven months. He had eleven children by his first wife. Jonathan, their fifth chUd, b. Dec. 7, 1729, grad. at H. C. 1760. He was settled as a clergyman In Wilton, N. H. He m. Sept. 14, 17(i9, Elizabeth Kidder, who d. his widow, Dec. 12, 1822. He d. July 30, 1809, aged 80. They had ten children. Solomon K. Livermore, the fifth child of Rev. Jonathan, was b. March 2, 1779 ; grad. at H. C. 1802, studied law and settled In Mil- ford, N. H. He m. July 6, 1810, Abigail A. Jarvis of Camb. He repeatedly represented the town in the Legislature. Leonard Jarvis, b. AprU 15, 1811; d. Nov. 28, 1822. Henry Lee, b. Aug. 3, 1812 ; was a merchant in Baltimore. Thomas A,, b. Feb. 7, 1814; a surgeon dentist at Galena, IU. Elizabdh, b, Dec. 12, 1816 ; d. June, 1817. Elizabeth A., b. March 28, 1818. Rebecca P. J, b. Dec. 31, 1819 ; m. Aug. 24, 1841, Joseph C. Man ning of Baltimore. \Leonard Jarvis, b. Dec. 8, 1822 ; grad at H. C. 1842. Mary, b. Sept. 18, 1825. Leonard J. Livermore m. March 18, 1847, Mary Anne C. Per kins, dau. of Aaron Perkins. He was installed at Lex. Oct. 4, 1857 ; left the Society, Nov., 1866 ; r. in Cambridge. Allena M., b. AprU 1, 1848, at East Boston. Clara P., b. May 27, 1851, at Groton. Joseph P., b. Feb. 19, 1855, at Clinton. Henry Jarvis, b. May 27, 1866, at Lexington. THE LOCKE FAMILY. The Lockes have been a numerous family in Lex. from its early settlement. In. 1634, among others William Locke, a lad only six years of age, came to this coun try with his relative Nicholas Davis, In the ship Planter, Nicholas Trarlce, master. They came to Woburn, then»a part of Charlestown. William Locke was b. at Stepney Parish, London, Eng , Dec. 13, 1628; m. Dec. 27, 1655, Mary Clarke of Wo., dau. of WiUiam and Margery. She was b. at Wat., Dec. 20, 1640, and d. at Wq. July 18, 1715, aged 74 years and 7 months. He d. June 16, 1720, aged 91 years and 6 months. He was a large land holder in different parts of Wo. and several lots bounding upon Camb. (now Lex.) line. He was a dea. of the ch. WUliam, b. Dec. 27, 1657 ; d. Jan. 9, 1658. \William, b. Jan. 18, 1659 ; m. Sarah Whitmore and Abigail Haywood. \John, b. Aug. 1, 1661 ; ra. Elizabeth Plympton and Mary Wyman. \ Joseph, b. March 8, 1664 ; had three wives, Mary, b. Oct. 16, 1666 ; m, March 30, 1692, Samuel Kendall. 20 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 9 10 1-3- 3-11 1213 14 15 1-4- 1-5- 5-16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 2626 1-7- \ Samud, b. Oct. 14, 1669; had two -wives. \Ebenezer, b, Jan. 8, 1674; was twice married. James, b. Nov. 14, 1677 ; m. Dec. 6, 1700, Sarah Cutter. Elizabeth, b. Jan. 4, 1681 ; m. Oct. 14, 1700, James Markham. William Locke, Jr. m. May 29, 1683, Sarah Whitmore, dau. of Francis and Isabel (Park) Whitmore of Camb. She d. and he m. June 8, 1698, Elizabeth . He d. July 8, 1738, aged 79 ; she d. 1748 or 49. He was chosen deacon 1709, was selectman In 1704 and 1732. He resided In that part of Wo. which was afterward Burlington, After his decease, on petition of Thomas Locke, his grandson, a part of this estate, Including the house, was set to Lex, This was the house on Lowell street, known as the Hammond Locke place. ^William, b, June 28, 1684 ; was twice man-led. i^Vancis, b. July 25, 1690 ; " " i3ameZ, b. July 9, 1693; " " " '{Ebenezer, b. ; by second wife, Elizabeth. AbigaU, b. June 22, 1710; m. Oct. 3, 1728, Jonas Merriam. These children were born in Woburn, but now Lexington, John Locke m. May 31, 1683, Elizabeth Plympton, dau, of Thomas and Abigail Plympton of Sudbury, who was an emigrant from England, and was killed by the Indians at Sudbury, April 18, 1676. She d. Feb. 23, 1720, and he ra. Nov. 30, 1720, widow Mary Wyman, who was dau. of Increase Winn of Wo., who was the first white child b. in that town. He lived in Wo. but probably d. at Lancaster, about 1766. They had seven children. AprU, 1707, and he m, resided in that part of Joseph Locke m. Mary , who d, Margaret Mead, dau. of Israel Mead. He Camb. which is now Lex. His farm probably joined his brother Wil Ham's. In 1695, his father gave him twenty acres at a place called " Cambridge ffarmes," containing a mansion house and barn, and "out-housing, orchard, fields, &c., bounded S. E. by Capt. Cook's farm, W. by Joseph Simonds ; also four acres at ' Bull Meadow,' bounded by Cambridge line S. W." Mary, b. — AbigaU, b, Lydia, b. m. George Traluddia, ( ?) July 15, 1727. - ; m. Jan. 8, 1720, Thomas Fessenden. Sarah, b. July 14, 1696 ; m. June 10, 1718, Samuel Snow. ^Joseph, b, March 19, 1699 ; m. Sarah — ^ . Elizabeth, b. March 15, 1703; m. Aug. 13, 1725, John Scatto. (.') Huldah, b. June 28, 1706 ; m. May 28, 1743, Timothy Reed. Margard, b.May 6, 1710; m. Nov. 5, 1730, John RusseU. Joanna, b. Feb. 2, 1713 ; m. Jan. 3, 1734, Jonas Munroe. Ruth, b. May 9, 1715. \Stephen, b, Jan, 26, 1718 ; m. Mehitabel Raymond. , She was a member of the ch, Dec. 14, 1714. He m. Mary Day of Samuel Locke m. Ruth ¦ in Lex, before 1698, and d Ipswich._ He possessed a large landed property, and resided about half a mile from Lex. Common on the county road to Bed. He had but one chUd, Samuel, b. July 6, 1718. He lived on his father's place, before spoken of, and d. there unm. His father left hjm a large property in real and personal estate, including several slaves ; this property he contrived to spend, and d, poor, about 1800. This branch of the Locke family became extinct. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 121 1-8- 8-27 282930 3132 -11- 11-33 3435 36373839 40414243 -14- 45464748 49 50 Ebenezer Locke m. Oct. 18, 1697, Susannah Walker of Wo. She d. June 13, 1799, and he m. Oct. 14, 1701. Hannah Mead, dau. of David and Hannah of Camb. He d. Dec. 24, 1723, aged 4 9 ; she d. July 24, 1739, aged 63. He resided on his father's homestead. \Ebenez^, b. AprU 28, 1699 ; m. Mary Merriam. Samuel, b. Aug. 24, 1702 ; m. March 2, 1730, Rebecca Richardson. Josiah, b, March 15, 1705. He resided In Woburn. Joshua, b. Aug. 21, 1709. He was twice m. and resided In Woburn, Southboro', and Westboro'. Nathan, b, March 30, 1713 ; d. 1723. Hannah, b. April 11, 1716 ; m. 1739, Asa Richardson. William Locke m. Mary , who d. Feb. 21, 1711, aged 21 ; he m. second, Jemima Russell, dau. of PhUip RusseU.. He resided in the second precinct of Wo. which was incorporated as Burlington, 1799 ; but that portion of his farm on which his house stood, was the. same year annexed to Lex. This is the place situated on Lowell street, before spoken of. He owned the covenant at Lex. Sept. 9, 1716. He d. Jan. 20, 1767, aged 83, and she d. Nov. 16, 1782, aged 90. A son, b. and d. March 1, 1710, A dau. b, ; d. Feb. 21, 1711, mother d. same time. Mary, b. Sept. 7, 1716 ; m. April, 1746, Joseph Perry. Jeniima, b. July 4, 1718; m. Oct. 28, 1736, Ebenezer Brooks. William, b, Feb. 2, 1721; m. 1747, Grace NeweU. '[Thomas, b. Oct. 27, 1722 ; m. June 27, 1751, Rebecca Lawrence. Jonas, b. Jan. 13, 1727 ; m. Dwight. Joseph, b. AprU 23, 1729 ; m. Mary Ayres. Ebenezer, b, Nov. 3, 1732 ; was twice married. Joanna, b, Feb. 27, 1736 ; m. Oct. 10, 1753, Phineas Blodgett. Abigail, b. Feb. 6, 1737; m. Sept. 4, 1755, Jonathan Fiske. Ebenezer Locke m. Elizabeth , They owned the cove nant in Lex. April 20, 1717. He probably resided In Wo. though they attended meeting In Lex. where their children were baptized. 14-44 Ebenezer, bap. April 28, 1717 ; d. March 22, 1720. 6-20- 20-61 62 5364 5566 Elizabdh, bap. June 19, 1720; m. 1747, Ebenezer Merriam. Sarah, bap. Aug. 11, 1723; ra. Oct. 11, 1744, Timothy Wyman. Hannah, bap. June 13, 1726; m. 1746, Timothy Newton. Abigail, bap. AprU 28, 1728. Phd)e, bap. March 7, 1731 ; m. Ebenezer Merriam, Jr. ' Ebenezer, bap. March 2, 1735 ; m. Feb. 27, 1759, Lucy Wood. Joseph Locke m. Sarah , who d. May 28, 1777; he d. Jan. 13, 1786, aged 86. He resided in Lex. on his father's home stead. In the west half of the house. He served in the French war, 1754. ^Joseph, b. March 28, 1734, m. May 7, 1761, Sarah Baldwin. Benjamin, b. Oct. 10, 1736; d. of disease contracted in the French war, Nov. 12, 1755, aged 20. NatJian, b, Dec. 2, 1737 ; d. May 19, 1761, aged 24. \Amos, b, Dec. 24, 1742 ; m. Oct. 19, 1769, Sarah Locke. Sarah, b, Aug. 23, 1746 ; m. Dec. 21, 1769, Jer. Harrington. Mary, b. May 31, 1749 ; m. AprU 20, 1769, Isaac Blodgett, who d, July, 1830, aged 88. 122 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 5-26- 26-57 6859 6061 8-27- 11-37- 37-62 6364 65 6667 6869 70 11-38- 38-71 20-51- 51-72 Stephen Locke m. Mehitabel Raymond, dau. of Jonathan of Lex. He d. AprU 22, 1772. aged 53, and his wid. d. Oct. 29, 1815, aged 94. They resided In Lex. Mehitabel, b. Aug. 17, 1747. She was living In Lex. in 1773. ^Reuben, b. March 16, 1749 ; m. Jerusha Richardson. Stephen, b. March 29, 1750 ; m. 1780, Sally Hopkins ; went to Deer ing, N. H. Elizabeth, b. June 14, 1753 ; d. unm. 1816, aged 64. ^Benjamin, b. May 7, 1766 ; m. Aug. 10, 1784, Betsey Wyman. Ebenezer Locke ra. Mary Merriam, dau. of Thomas and Mary Merriam. In 1715, when he was sixteen years of age, "he of his own free will and accord put himself apprentice to Joseph Loring of Lex., house carpenter and joiner, to learn his art, trade, or mystery after the manner of an apprentice." At the close of the Indentures is this memorandum : " It Is to be understood y' y' said apprentice is bound to Lydia Loring, y" now wife of y° above said Joseph Loring, and-she to him in all things to be performed what is above written." He had land in Townsend and Ashby. He moved first to Hopkinton, where he had three children bap., and from thence to Oxford about 1738. William Locke m. 1747, Grace Newell of Camb. They resided in Lex., and perhaps for a short time in Wo. and Walt. He was a soldier of the Revolution ; was in the battles of TIconderoga and White Plains, and A. in the array In 1776, aged 56. His wid. at one time resided at Walt., but at a later period with her son Jonas at Lex., where she d. Dec. 31, 1790, aged 63. She was burled in the grave-yard at East Lexington. Mary, bap. at Lex. June 12, 1748; d. young. William, b. ; d. young. WiUiam, b. ; was a soldier in the Revolution for several years ; was like his father In the battles of Ticonderoga and White Plains, and at other places, and d. in the army after 1779, unm. Edmund, b. ; was in the army of the Revolution nearly all through the war, and ti. at Lex. of disease contracted in the army. May 16, 1786, unm. Jemima, b. ; d. Sept. 6, 1781, unm. Mary, b. Aug. 1759; d. unm. 1848, aged 89. Nathan, b. March 2, 1762; m. June 21, 1786, Anna Bond. \Jonas, b, . He was three times married. Joshua, b. Aug. 1769. He was living at Walt., unm., 1852, Thomas Locke ra. June 27, 1761, Rebecca Lawrence, dau. of John of Wo. He d. Feb. 21, 1792, aged 70, and his wid. m. Jan. 13, 1795, Noah Eaton, and d. March 14, 1814, aged 86. He was a carpenter, and resided on the old homestead, which was set to Lex. He was in the army of the Revolution. •[Thomas, b. Aug. 29, 1756 ; m. Nov. 6, 1778, Lydia Reed. Joseph Locke m. May 7, 1761, Sarah Baldwin of Billerica, who d. Feb. 19, 1824, aged 84. He d. AprU 27, 1791, aged 57. He resided in Lex. He was in the French and Indian war iu 1766 and 1760 ; was a sergeant in the last year. Nathan, b. Dec. 7, 1761; ra. 1784, Mary Howard, She d, 1797; he d. 1800. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 123 73 747676 20-64- 64-77 7879 80 26-58- 68-81 82838485 868788 26-61- 61-89 9091 9293 94 95 ¦ 96 37-69- ^Asa Baldwin, b. Mar. 3, 1764; m. IVIary Wellington, Dec. 31, 1789. Sarah, b. May 27, 1766 ; m. May 12, 1789, Josiah Mead. Joseph, b. ; ra. first, Martha Ingersoll, and second, widow Mary Foster. Edwin, b. Sept. 13, 1771 ; m. Sept. 10, 1794, MatUda Trask. Amos Locke m. 1769, Sarah Locke. She was an orphan, whose true name is now lost, who was adopted and brought up by Thomas Locke, whose name she took. He d. July 27, 1828, aged 87 ; she d. July 1835, aged 84. He resided in the north part of Lex., on the farm now owned by William Locke, on North street. He was one of Capt. Parker's company, and met the British on the Common on the 19th of April, 1776, — for which he was prepared by service in the Frenah war In 1762. \Benjamin A., b, Dec. 31, 1769 ; he was twice married. ^Stephen, b. March 23, 1778; m. AprU 11, 1804, Bet.sey Nichols. James, b. Dec. 22, 1785; m. Feb. 26, 1811, Lucy Nichols. Amos, b. ; m. March 27, 1806, Joanna Greenleaf. Reuben Locke m. Jerusha Richardson, dau. of Reuben, who in. Esther Wyman. He d. Jan. 28, 1823, aged 74, and his wid. d. Nov. 15, 1833, aged 88. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was taken prisoner, and was confined in the prison at Forton, Eng. His farm was a part of that now owned by WUliam Locke, on North street. Jerusha, b, Jan. 16, 1774 ; ra. David Simonds, July 23, 1795. Mehitabel, b. March 27, 1775; d. unm. Oct. 2, 1841, aged 66. Lydia, b. March 23, 1777 ; d. unm. Bdsey, b. Sept. 1, 1780; m. Jan. 25, 1798, James Wyman, Jr. Reuben, b. Jan. 15, 1782 ; m. Feb. 2, 1804, Polly WUey. \Loa, b. June 6, 1783 ; m. March 15, 1806, Mary Foster. •[Charles, b. June 16, 1786; m. Abigail Nichols, Dee. 8, 1812. Stephen, b. Sept. 27, 1791 ; m. Sukey Wiley ; resided in Reading. Benjamin Locke m. Aug. 10, 1784, Betsey Wyman, dau of Reu ben of Wo. He resided at Burlington and Lex. most of his lifie ; afterward in Boston, where he d. June 4, 1842, aged 85. His wife d. In Lex. Oct. 1, 1831, aged 70. He was one of the heroes who encountered the British on the 19th of April, 1775. He was also in the detachment which marched to Camb. May 6, 1775, and likewise on the 17th of June of that year. Betsey, b. Feb. 10, 1785 ; m. 1805, Timothy TUeston, Jr. Benjamin, b. March 19, 1787 ; d. young. Ruth, b. June 6, 1790 ; m. June 6, 1811, Harvey TUeston. Lucy, b. Sept. 17, 1792 ; d. young. Benjamin, b. May 17, 1796 ; m. Oct. 9, 1823, Susan Tileston. Lucy, b. Aug. 3, 1797 ; m. James Wallls of Camb. Levi, h. Dec. 1, 1798 ; m. Dec. 1, 1829, Susan Simonds. Luseba, b. Jan. 26, 1802; ra. Aug. 6, 1824, Lambert Maynard. Jonas Locke m. Dec. 21, 1781, Sarah Russell, dau. of Philip and Lydia (Dodge) Russell. She d. and he m. second, Nov. 2, 1800, Eunice Winship. She d. Sept. 29, 1825, aged 68, and he m. third, wid. Deborah Blodgett, Feb. 28, 1828. He resided in Lex., where he d. Aug. 23, 1833, aged 71. Like his father and his brothers, he was a patriot and soldier of the Revolution ; he served about four years. 124 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 09- 97 9899 100 101102 38-71- 71-103 104105 106 107108109 110 61-73- 73-111 112113114115 116 64-77- 77-117 118 119 54-78- Jonas, bap. April 28, 1782 ; m. Sept, 26, 1807, Abigail White of Westminster, William, bap. May 25, 1783 ; m. Mary Welch of Boston ; r. In Newton. Sally, bap. AprU 9, 1786 ; m. March 8, 1808, EU Whitney, She d. 1847. Lydia, bap. June 3, 1792 ; m. May 29, 1817, Emory "Whitney. They resided first at Wat. then at Le Boy, N. Y. Martin, bap. Aug. 1. 1799. Edmund, b, ; d. unm., aged about 21. Thomas Locke ra. Nov. 6, 1778, Lydia Reed, dau. of Hammond Reed. She was b. July 14, 1760, and d. Sept. 7, 1826, aged 65 ; and he d. AprU 20, 1819, aged 63. They resided on the old Locke Place, which was set to Lex. from Burlington. Lydia, b. March 8, 1779; m. Timothy Temple ; lived in Providence, Lucy, b. March 4, 1781 ; m. Amos Hills of Hudson, N. H. Rebecca, b. March 25, 1784; m Oct. 1, 1820, Thaddeus Munroe. Thomas, b. Nov. 5, 1786 ; m. April 27, 1813, Lucy Rhodes. He d, Nov. 2. 1829, aged 43. She is living. ^Hammond, b. July 13,' 1790 ; m. Jan. 27, 1814, Rebecca Nevers. Sally, b. May 21, 1752; m. 1820, Abel FItz. Nancy, b. Aug. 20, 1794; m. April 8, 1827, John Winning. Harrid, b. May 10, 1800 ; d. AprU 6, 1809. Asa Baldwin Locke m. Mary WeUington, Dec. 31, 1789. He d. Nov. 25, 1821, aged 57, and his wid. m. Abijah Harrington, Dec. 14, 1823. Oliver, b. AprU 25, 1790 ; m. April 1,' 1816, Joanna Jacobs. He was a captain in the militia, and was killed Oct. 1825, by the acci dental discharge of a gun in the hands of an intimate friend. His wid. m. Nov. 28, 1832, William Smith. Capt. Locke had Faus tina Mulliken, b. Aug. 24, 1819, m. Dec. 3, 1846, David A. Gage, and d. Dec. 4, 1850 ; and Joan Sophia, b, Oct. 3, 1825, m. June 16, 1852, EU F. Davis. Nathan, b. Aug. 1792 ; d. 1806. Darius, b. Dec. 1, 1793 ; d. 1808. Mary,'b. ; m. Feb. 21, 1822, William Burgess. Baldwin, b. Jan. 10, 1805; ni. Adeline Josline, Nov. 18, 1830. lie had six children; OUver B., b. Sept. 17, 1831, William B.,b. Aug. 13, 1833, Lorenzo, b. Sept. 2, 1836, Samud J, b. Aug. 26, 1837, Martha W., b. AprU 19, 1839, Mary, b. Oct. 21, 1841- Abigail, b. Nov. 16, 1806 ; m. July 30, 1837. Benjamin Amos Locke m. Betsey Lawrence 1808. She d. March 16, 1822, and hem. June23, 1823, Sally Marrett. He r. in Lex., on School street. He d. Oct. 19, 1829, aged 61. She d. Sept. 4, 1863. Sarah Elizabeth, b, Feb. 3, 1824 ; m. Jan. 1, 1849, Jeduthan Rich- . ardson . Benjamin F., b. July 3, 1825 ; m. Oct. 31, 1849,. Anne E. HIU. He has several children. Albert A., b. Aug. 8, 1828. He left Lex. a few years since, and is in South America. Stephen Locke m, April 11, 1804, Betsey Nichols, dan, of Capt, Noah Nichols of Cohasset. He d. May 10, 1839, aged 61. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 125 78-120 121122 123 124 64-79- 79-125 126127 128 68-86- 86-129 130131 132133 134 68-87- 87-136 136 .137 •[William, b. Sept. 2, 1805 ; m. Nov. 5. 1838, Harriet Locke. Stephen, b, Feb. 18, 1807 ; m. 1832, Priscilla .Wellington; d. 1861. Nichols, b, March 20, 1810; m. Jan. 6, 1838, Bloomy Davis. •[Amos, b. Sept. 30, 1813 ; m. May 31, 1834, Rhoda Blodgett. Elizabeth, b, Feb. 16, 1823; d. Oct. 18, 1826. He 138139 71-107- 107-140 • 141142143 144 145 146 James Locke ra. Feb. 26, 1811, Lucy Nichols, dau. of Adna Nichols of Lex. He d. April, 1848. He resided on Grove street, near the Ebenezer Simonds place. Sally, b, April 29, 1811; m. Thomas C. Gould, Nov. 8, 1832. James Adna, b, Sept. 18, 1814; d. April 5, 1817. James Adna, b.. March 14, 1819; m. Harriet Stearns, dau. of Amos Stearns ; resides at Charlestown. amin, b. Dec. 7, 1821; m. March 11, 1856, Mary H. SkUton, dau. of Horace and Fanny (Harrington) Skilton. He resides In Charlestown. LoA Locke m. March 15, 1805, Mary Foster, who was b. Oct. 3, 1784. He d. Dec. 4, 1865, aged 82 ; she d. Jan. 21, 1851, aged 66. Loa, b. Oct. 12, 1805 ; resides at the South. . Bomanus, b. Jan. 4, 1807 ; d. 1833, aged 26. George, b, April 21, 1811 ; m. Abby Smith Casey. Lydia, b. Dec. 26, 1813; m. Aug. 2, 1738, Ebenezer B. Tuck. They resided and d. in Croyden, N. H. Stephen, b, Oct. 24, 1816; m. Eliz. J. Casey, andr. in SaxonvlUe. Mai-y Ann, b, Feb. 15, 1819; m. Oct. 1, 1843, Ebenezer Lakeman. He r. in Charlestown, and has several children ; the first, Lydia S., was b. in Lex. Aug. 11, 1844. Charles Locke m. Dec. 8, 1812, Abigail Nichols of Cohasset, who was b. Dec. 15, 1791. They reside in the northerly part of Lex. ; he was a deacon of the Baptist Church. Charles Burrell,b. Dec. 2, 1813 ; m. July 25, 1835, Lucy A. Crosby, resided in Boston, and d. about 1863. Lewis, b, Nov. 21, 1816; was twice ra. ; went to California, where he d. Aug. 23, 1864. Abigail, b. April 22, 1817 ; m. Aug. 22, 1839, WilUam M, Roberts, They reside at Weston. Elmira, b. Feb. 27, 1819 ; d. AprU 27, 1828, Elizabdh N, b. Nov. 15, 1828. Hammond Locke m. Jan. 27, 1814, Rebecca Nevers, dau. of Samuel and Ann Nevers of Bur. He resided on the farm of his ancestors in Lex. He was drowned July 16, 1843, aged 53. A Daughter, b. March 6, 1815; d. same day. Harriet, b. Jan. 22, 1817 ; m. Nov. 6, 18,38, WUliam Locke, MarshaU H, b, Feb. 14, 1819; d. Feb. 7, 1822. MarshaU H, b, Feb. 12, 1822 ; m. Dec. 27, 1848, Lucy A. Wyman. He has moved to Somerville. Augusta R., b, March 14, 1824; m. Feb. 4, 1845, William Duren. Adeline, b. June 14, 1826 ; ra. Henry Mulliken. Theodore Lyman, b. Feb. 22, 1829 ; was killed at Charlestown, April 16, 1851, while riding in his wagon, by the falling of the steeple of the Bunker HIU Baptist church. In a violent gale. 74 126 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 78-120- 120-147 149 78-123- 123-160 151162153 1- 23 4 1-2- William Locke m. Nov. 6, 1838, Harriet, dau. of Hammond Locke. He resides In Lex,, on the farm of the first Joseph Locke. Emily, b. May 3, 1841. Austin W., b. June 8, 1852. 148 Jane, b. May, 1844, Amos Locke m. May 31, 1834, Rhoda Blodgett, dau. of James, b. May 6, 1813. Elizabdh Augusta, b. Aug. 16, 1836; m. Sept. 28, 1857, George F. Marvin. William Henry, b, June 17, 1838 ; m. June 8, 1864, Helen F. EUiott. Warren Edgar, b. May 28, 1841 ; m. June 30, 1862, Eliza C. Dawes. Henrietta M., b. Aug. 27, 1842. 154 Gardner H., b. Nov. 10, 1861. There was another family of Lockes in Lex. ; Micajah, son of Josiah of Wo., b. Dec. 4, 1786, m. Sept. 20, 1812. Almira RusseU, He resided in the East Village, and d. Dec. 23, 1842 ; they had eight children ; Josiah, b, April 4, 1813, m. Sept. 20, 1841, Sarah Cotton ; Almira B., b. June 8, 1816, m. Jeremiah Evans, and Gould; Frances Ann, b, May 26, 1817, m. April 6, 1839, Loring Cummings ; Mary R., b. Jan. 31, 1819, m. Edward Divols; Jonathan, b. Nov, 20. 1820; Eliza S., b, Nov. 10, 1822, m. Dec. 5, 1845, Otis Locke; Rebecca A.,'b. Oct. 13, 1824; Amos R., b. Oct. 8, 1826; Susan A., b. April 8, 1829 ; Matilda L., b. Aug. 21, 1831 ; William M., b. Oct. 27, 1833 ; George W., b, Aug. 21, 1836. This family must generally have left town. THE LORING FAMILY. Dea. Thomas Loring and his wife Jane (Newton), came to this country 1635, and settled in Hingham. They were from Axminster, Devonshire, Eng. His sou John, b. in Eng. Dec. 22, 1630, m. 1657, Mary Baker of Hing., by whom he had several children. Jo seph, his second son, was b. March 10, 1660. His descendants I give below, so far as they relate to Lex. Joseph Loring of Hingham m. Oct. 25, 1683, Hannah Leavitt. He d. Feb. 19, 1692, and she m. Aug. 26, 1693, Joseph Estabrook, then of Hingham, but afterwards of Lex., where he became a very prominent man. He d. Sept. 23, 1733, and she d. Oct, 25, 1728. ^Joseph, b. Sept. 29, 1684. He settled in Lexington. Nehemiah, b. June 27, 1686. Joshua, b. Sept. 21, 1688. He came to Lex. with his brother Jo seph, was ad. to the ch. In 1708, and dismissed to the First Church In Boston, June 8, 1712. Submit, b. Aug. 11, 1691 ; d. Jan. 8, 1740, unm. Mr. Hancock, In his church record, under date of Jan. 4, 1740, makes this entry: " Submit Loring I baptized after meeting at Mr. Loring's house, and this is the first I ever baptized in private. She was very sick." Joseph Loring ra. Lydia Fiske, dau, of David Fiske of Camb. Farms, b. May 17, 1686. He probably came to Lex. from Hingham about 1706. He bought ninety acres of land in Camb. Farms, in 1706, of John Poulter. The deed designates Joseph Loring as " of Hingham." In 1711, he was one of the subscribers for the purchase of the Common. He and his wife Lydia were ad. to the ch. July 4, 1708; and of course they were m. before, that time. He -vjras chosen GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 127 2- 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2-7- 7-13 14 151617 7-15- one of the deacons in 1743, and d. July 4, 1746, aged 63. She d. Oct. 4, 1768. He was a valuable citizen ; was constable In 1714, and town treasurer In 1726 and 1726. Lydia, bap. June 21, 1711 ; m. June 11, 1731, Johii Mason. ^Joseph, bap. Aug. 21, 1713 ; ra. Kezia Gove. Sarah, bap. July 17, 1715; m. Dec. 2, 1736, Thiddeas Bbwman. John, bap. Aug. 11, 1717; d. Dec. 13, 1717. Hannah, bap. Sept. 20, 1719 ; m. March 22, 1736, Samnel Winship. Abigail, T Mahl, ' I *^^°'' *""?• •^^''- '^' ^^^^ ' i m. Jan. 30, 1760, Sam'l AUen. Joseph Loring m. Jan. 1, 1736, Kezia Gove. He d. Sept. 13, 1787, aged 74, and she d. Sept. 16, 1789, a^ed 75. He was chosen dea. May 20, 1756, and held that office thirty-one years. He was often employed on important coifiinittees in the to-wn. He resided on Main street, on the place opposite the Town Hall. His house was pillaged and destroyed by the British on the 19th of April, 1775. The account made out by Deacon Loring at the time, shows the amount of his suffering, and ,the wantonness of the enemy. He sets down his loss as foUows : A large mansion house and barn seventy feet long, and a corn barn, aU burnt, Household goods and furniture, viz., eight good feather beds and bedding ; a large quantity of pewter and brass ware ; three cases of drawers ; two mahogany tables^ with furniture for eight rooms. All the wearing apparel of my family, consisting of nine persons, AU my husbandry tools and ntensilsy with a cider mUl and press, with five tons of hay and two calves. About two hundred rods of stone waU thrown down. Specie, £ 330 00 230 00 60 00 72 00 6 00 3 00 £ 720 00 N, B. The above-mentioned buildings were the first that were destroyed in the town, and were near the ground where the brigade commanded by Lord Percy met the detachment retreating under Lt.-Col. Smith. It does not appear that any of the militia were In or near these bulldiwgs, neither could they in any way either oppose or retard the British troops in their operatibna ; therefore the destruc tion must be considered as brutal, barbarcrts, aind wanton^ Joseph Loring. John, b, June 28, 1742 ; m. June 8, 1765, EUzabeth Howe of Con, Lydia, b, Aug, 27, 1745 ; m. Nov. 26, 1776, Capt, Wm. Chambers, of N, H. iJosq>h, b, Dec. 27, 1747 ; m. Nov. 26, 1772, Betsey PoUard of Bed, \ Jonathan,' b, Feb, 7, 1749 ; was twice m. Sarah, b. Feb. 27, 1766 ; m. Otadlah Johnson. Joseph Loring m. Nov. 26, 1772, Betsey PoUard of Bed. They were ad. to, the ch. Feb. 27, 1774. He was one of Capt. Parker's colnpahy, and also marched to Camb. on the memorable! 17th of June, l776. Subsequently he entered' into the marine service with John chandler, Jr., and being on the Southern coast, under Com modore Tucker, was ihchid'ed by Gen. Lincoln in the capitulation of Charleston, S, C, After remaining for somie tiche a prisoner, during .28 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 16-18 19 20 212223 7-16- 16-24 2627 which he suffered severely, he was exchanged, and, amid destitution and comparative nakedness, was compelled to beg his way home to Lex., amid the taunts and sneers of the tories. Bdsey, b. April 16, 1774 ; m. Abel Smith, moved to Jaffrey, N. H. John Hancock, b. Nov. 24, 1776 ; mi Polly Penny, aud removed to Groton, where he settled. Lydia, b. Feb. 8, 1779 ; m. Peter Harrington. Thomas, b. Feb. 15, 1782 ; d. a young man. Susy, b, June .30, 1784; m. Nathan Munroe of Concord. Joseph, bap. AprU 12, 1792. Jonathan Loring ra. Rhoda . She d. Oct. 22, 1809, and he m. Feb. 13, 1812, Mrs. Hannah Danforth of Lex. He was a member of the gallant band commanded by Capt. Parker, and was upon the Common on the 19th of April. He was also with the de- tachinent which inarched to Camb. on the 6th of May, and also on the day of the battle on Bunker's Hill. He was also at Cambridge two months in the campaign of 1776. He not only performed his duty after the war had commenced, but he performed an important duty introductory to the affairs of the 19tli of April. On the evening of the 18th, when It was known that certain British officers had gone up toward Concord, Jonathan Loring and two others volunteered to go up and watch their movements. He was taken prisoner and kept several hours, till on the return of these officers he was set at liberty near Lexington Common, about daylight in the morning. This family acted a conspicuous part on that memorable occasion. The church plate was kept at the house of Dea. Loring, and fearing that the British soldiers in their vandalism might destroy it, Lydia Loring, a sister of Jonathan, took the precaution to secrete it under some brush not far from the house, and so prevented it from being destroyed or carried off with the rest of the property of the family. He moved with his family to Mason, N. H. Lucy, bap. Oct. 8, 1786 ; m. Dec. 27, 1813, Levi Baxter.. Bhoda, bap. Oct. 8, 1786. 26 Polly, bap. Nov. 22, 1789. Joshua, bap. Nov. 11, 1792. 28 Thomas, bap. Oct. 23, 1796. MANN. — This name appears a few times on Lex. records. James Mann m. Sept. 29, 1736, Mary Simonds. He was taxed In Lex. 1738, for both real and personal estate, and his name appears on the tax bill for a number of years. He was a soldier from Lex. in the French war. In 1759 and 1760. They had five children, viz., Mary, b, March 29, 1737, d. Nov. 4, 1738 ; Benjamin, bap. Nov. 4, 1739, probably went to Walt., where he had a family by his wife Martha; Sarah, b, Aug. 17, 1743; Joanna, b, April 12, 1747; Mary, b, 1749, d. Dec. 23, 1764. THE MARRETT FAMILY. The Marretts were early in the country, though they did not come to Lex. tlU about 1770. Thomas Marrett is supposed to have come to New England in 1635. He settled in Camb., where he was made a freeman in 1636. He was a dea. of the church. He m. Susan, in Eng., where John^ the only child of whom we have any knowledge, was b. Thomas d. June 30, 1664. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 129 1- 2 2- 3 4 1011 12 2-10- 10-13 1416 16 John Marrett came to this country with his father, and suc ceeded to his estate. He probably ra. after he came to this country. His wife was Abigail Eddeson, b. in Cheshire, Eng. His will, dated 1696, mentions wife Abigail, sons Amos and Edward, and dau. Han nah and Mary. He also makes mention of Abigail Rice and Susan Amsden, two married daughters. Thomas, b, about 1655 ; he was killed by the Indians at Sudbury, AprU 20, 1675, unm. Amos, b, 1657; m. Nov. 2, 1681, Bethia Langhom. She d. Nov. 20, 1730, aged 70, and he m. second, Mrs. Ruth Dunster of Camb, He d. Nov. 17, 1739, aged 82, without issue. His will, dated April 12, 1735, and proved Dec. 16, 1739, mentions wife Ruth, brother Edward, and sisters AbigaU Crashburn and Mary Hovey, He makes his nephew Amos the principal heir of his estate. He was dignified with the title of Lieutenant, Susan, b. June 19, 1659 ; m. Amsden. John, b. Jan. 29, 1661 ; d. Nov. 6, 1663. John, b. June 3, 1664; d. at sea, unm. AbigaU, b, Aug. 6, 1666 ; m. first, Rice of Sudbury, and sec ond, Crashburn, Hannah, b. Aug. 17, 1668; m. Samuel Hastings of Cambridge. ^Edward, b, Aug. 2, 1670 ; ra. Hannah Bradlsh. Mary, b, March 7, 1672 ; ra. Dec. 10, 1702, Joseph Hovey of Camb. He d., and she in. Nathaniel Parker of Newton. Lydia, b. Feb. 22, 1674 ; d. young. Edward Marrett m. Hannah Bradish of Camb. She d. April 9, 1754, in her 85th year, and he d. April 11, 1754, in his 84th year. Dying within two days of each other, they were buried the same day. In the same grave, and one monumental stone marks their resting place. Amos, b, John, b. — ; d. aged about three years. - ; d. in Boston of small pox, aged about 18. Susanna, b, 1698 ; m. Sept. 27, 1722, John Pierce of Boston. They moved to Stow, where he d. and she m. Samuel Witt of Marlbor ough, a prominent citizen of that town, who represented them several years in the General Court, She d. in 1794, at the re markable age of 96 years. Abigail, b, 1700; m. June 13, 1724, Judah Monis, Hebrew Profes sor of Harvard CoUege. She d. Oct. 27, 1760, aged 60. He was an Italian by birth. After the death of his wife, he left his profes sorship, went to Northborough, and lived with hisi brother-in-law. Rev. Mr. Martyn, where he d. His monumental stone bears an , inscription so peculiar, tl^t I will transcribe it, poetry and all. Here lie buried the Remains of Rabbi Judah Monis, A. M. Late Hebrew Instructor at Harvard College in Cambridge, In which office he continued 40 years ; He was by birth and religion a Jew, But he embraced the Christian faith And was publicly baptized At Cambridge, A. D. 1722, And departed this life AprU 25, 1764, Aged eighty-one years, two months and twenty-one days. 130 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 17 18 19 20 10-17- 17-21 22 23242526 17-24- 24-27 282930 31 3233 24-27- 27-34 A native branch of Jacob see. Which once from off its olive broke, RegTafted from the living tree, Rom. 11 : 17, 24. Of the reviving sap partook. From teeming Zion's fertile womb, Isai. 66 : 8. As dewy drops in early morn, Psalm 110 : 3. Or rising bodies from the tomb, John 5 : 28, 29. At once be Israel's nation born. Isai. 66 : 8, 29. \Amos, b. Sept. 5, 1703 ; m. Mary Dunster. Hannah, b. ; m. Joseph Lawrence of Camb. Afterwards moved to Connecticut. Edward, b. ; m. Mary Wyatt, by whom he had five chUdren ; one of them, Thomas, grad. H. C. 1761, and was a trader at Cape Ann. Edward m. as a second wife, Mrs. Susan Foster of Boston. He was a captain of a company In Camb. He d. Sept. 13, 1787. Mary, b, ; m. John Martyn of Boston. He was afterwards settled as a clergyman at Northborough. Amos Marrett m. Sept. 21, 1732, Mary Dunster, dau. of Henry Dunster of Camb. He d. Nov. 1747. Amos, b. d. In infancy. Abigail, b. Aug. 25, 1733 ; d. young. Buth, b. April 30, 1736 ; d. in Newton, May 2, 1766, unm. iAmos, b. Feb. 4, 1738; ra. AbigaU Tidd of Lex. Mary, b. Aug. 20, 1740 ; d. 1754. John, b. Sept. 10, 1741 ; grad. H. C. 1763. He studied divinity, and was settled over the second parish of Wo. (now Burlington), Dec. 21, 1774. He m. Martha Jones, dau. of Rev. Thomas Jones, his predecessor In the same parish. Mr, Marrett had but one child who lived to grow up, viz., Martha, b. Nov. 3, 1783, She m. Jan. 1, 1818, Rev. Samuel SewaU, who succeeded her father as pastor of the parish. Mr. Sewall Is a son of the late Chief Jus tice SewaU, and Is distinguished as an antiquary. Amos Marrett ra. Dec. 14, 1760, Abigail Tidd, dau. of Daniel and Hepzibah (Reed) Tidd of Lex. He m. as of Cambridge, where he probably resided some five or six years after his marriage, when he moved to Lex. They were ad. to the Lex. ch., Sept. 16, 1771, from the First Church In Camb. He d. March 24, 1805, aged 66, He was a soldier in Capt. Parker's company In 1775, and was in the Jerseys three months the year following. \Amos, b, in Camb. Oct. 4, 1763 ; m. Nov. 28, 1786, Patty Reed. AbigaU, b. In Camb. June 4, 1766 ; m. Oct. 6, 1788, Jonathan Smith, ^Danid, b. in Camb. July 18, 1767 ; m. July 24, 1796, Mary Muzzy. Ruth, b, Nov. 12, 1768. Betsey, bap. Nov. 28, 1773 ; d. Nov. 3, 1797, aged 24. John, bap. July 9, 1776 ; d. Dec. 17, 1797, aged 22. Thomas, bap. July 20, 1777 ; d., a student in H. C, July 6, 1798. Amos Marrett m. Dec. 28, 1786, Patty Reed, dau. of Hammond and Betty (Simonds) Reed, b. Dec. 5, 1766, He d. Nov. 10, 1824, aged 61 ; she d. Oct 16, 1849, aged 85. Patty, b, Sept. 9, 1787 ; m. Jonas Cutler. They moved to West minster, where they had three children, who are now residing in that town. Jonas Cutler and his wife are both dead. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 131 35 3637 383940 41 42 24-29- 1- 2 1-6- 6- 9 1011 6-9- Sally. b. Oct. 1, 1789 ; m. June 15, 1823, Benjamin Locke, Jr. Hannah, b. Dec. 24, 1792. Nabby, b. Aug. 18, 1795; d. AprU 6, 1864, num., aged 58. Betsey, b. July 4, 1798 ; m. April 30, 1826, Amos Towne. Mary, b. March 18, 1801 ; m. AprU 1, 1827, Joel Adams. John, b, Oct. 17, 1803 ; d. 1858, unm. Emily, b. Dee. 26, 1806 ; m. Nov. 17, 1830, King George. Surely this was a royal alliance, Harriet, b, Sept. 13, 1809 ; m. April 22, 1842, Ivory Sanborn. They have had several children. No record. Daniel Marrett was graduated at H. C. 1790, and was ordained as minister in Standish, Me., Sept. 21, 1796. He m. July 24, 1796, Mary Muzzy, dau, of WilUam and Lydia (Reed) Muzzy of Lex. She d. and he ra. second, Oct. 8, 1810, Dorcas Hastings, dau. of Samuel and Lydia Hastings of Lincoln. He d. 1836. 9-12 13 THE MASON FAMILY. The Masons have never been very numerous in Lex., though they occupied for a time a highly respectable position In town, Hugh Mason of Wat. was one of the first settlers of that town, where he enjoyed In a high degree the confidence and esteem of his fellows. He was ad. freeman in 1636, and represented the town ten years, from 1644 to 1677. He was selectman two years, between 1639 and 1678. He was also appointed by the General Court a com missioner to try " small causes." He d. Oct. 10, 1678, aged 73. Hannah, b. Sept, 23, 1636 ; m. Oct. 17, 1667, Joshua Brooks, Con. Ruth, b. ; d. Dec. 17, 1640. Mary, b. Dec. 18, 1640 ; m. May 20, 1668, Rev. Joseph Estabrook of Concord. jJohn, b. Jan. 1, 1646 ; m. Elizabeth Hammond. Joseph, b. Aug. 10, 1646 ; ad, freeman 1690; d. July 22, 1702. Daniel, b. Feb. 19, 1649; grad. H. C. 1666. Sarah, b. Sept. 25, 1651 ; m. May 20, 1668, Capt. Andrew Gardner of Brookline. He was lost In the expedition to Canada, 1690. John Mason m. Elizabeth Hammond, dau. of Lieut. John and Sarah Hammond of Wat. She d. Nov. 13, 1715 ; he d. about 1730. ^John, b. Jan. 22, 1677 ; m. Elizabeth Spring. Danid, b. , He was a farmer in Newton. Elizabeth, b, ; m. Thomas Brown, innholder, Boston, John Mason ra. Oct. 18, 1699, Elizabeth Spring, dau. of Lieut. John and Hannah Spring of Wat. He came to Lex. about the time of his marriage. In seating the meeting house in 1699, " John Ma son was plast in y° second seat In y" front gallereye." He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Dec. 19, 1708. He was ope of the assessors in 1702, and a subscriber for the purchase of the Common in 1711, and was constable In 1714. He was town clerk 1729, '31, '34, '36, and '36, and selectman about the same period. His name upon the record is also dignified by the title oi Ensign, He lived on the Main street, a little below the old Munroe Tavern, and hence the name of " Mason's Hollow." \John, b. Aug. 8, 1701 ; m. June 17, 1731, Lydia Loring. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 30, 1703. 14 Millieent, b. April 24, 1705. 132 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 15 1617 1819 2021 9-12- 12-22 232425 26272829 303132 12-26- 26-33 34 12-31- Thaddeus, b, Dec. 27, 1706 ; grad. H. C. 1728 ; clerk of the court ; d. 1802. Jonas, b, Oct. 21, 1708. Katharine, b, Aug. 6, 1710 ; d. In HoUiston, May 7, 1733. Esther, b. Jan 2, 1713 ; d. Aug. 3, 1713. Sarah, b. June 7, 1714; m. Jan. 3, 1733, WUliam Munroe, son of William, Jr. and Mary. He d. Aug. 18, 1747, and she m. second, Francis Bowman, Esq., in 1748. Mercy, b. Nov. 12, 1716 ; d. Nov. 30, 1717. Samuel, b. Oct. 9, 1720. John Mason m. June 17, 1731, Lydia Loring, dau. of Dea. Jo seph and Lydia Loring. He d. Jan. 20, 1787, aged 87 ; she d. Feb. 18, 1790, aged 80. He was selectman in 1766. Lydia, b. March 31, 1732: d. unm. AprU 24,, 1813, aged 82. Katharine, b. Oct. 29, 1733 ; m. April 23, - 1754, Daniel Edes of Charlestown. John, b. April 9, 1735. •[Joseph, b. July 29, 1736 ; m. EUzabeth Peak. ' Jonas, b. March 2, 1738 ; m. March 23, 1762, Submit Whittemore. Elizabdh, b, June, 1739 ; d. young. Sarah, bap. Oct. 26, 1740. Hannah, bap. Sept. 6, 1747; ra. a Mr. Bull of Watertown. Samuel, bap. May 14, 1749. \Daniel, ^ f bap. July 21, 1751; m. June 6, 1793, Sarah > twins, 2 Cheney of Newton. EUzabeth, ) ( bap. July 21, 1751. Joseph Mason m. Oct. 19, 1769, EUzabeth Peck. He was In the French war 1762, and was one of the gallant band which met the British on the Common at the opening scene of the Revolutionary drama. He was town clerk from 1770 to 1790. He d. Oct. 3, 1814, aged 78, and she d. Jan. 20, 1829, aged 87. He was somewhat noted as a school-master in his day. Mary, b, June 24, 1770; m. Daniel Underwood. John, b, Sept. 8, 1772 ; d. May 3, 1793, unm. Daniel Mason m. June 6, 1793, Mrs. Sarah Cheney of Newton. He resided near the rail road crossing on Woburn street. He died without Issue. He belonged to the Spartan band which refused to lay down their arms on the 19th of April, 1775, not fearing "the King's commandment." THE MEAD FAMILY. There is considerable difficulty in tracing the Meads. The first of the name appear to be migratory, and are found in different places. Savage informs us, that Gabriel Mead of Dorchester was made a freeman in 1638, and d. 1666, aged 79 ; that his will mentions seve ral daughters, and that he had a son, Israel, b. 1639, who lived in Wat., moved to Dedham, and perhaps to Wo. Israel, probably son of the preceding, is sometimes spoken of as of Wo., and sometimes as of Camb., but it is undoubtedly the same person, and from him the Lexington Meads in part descended. Israel Mb.ad, sometimes of Camb,, m. Feb. 26, 1669, Mary HaU, dau. of widow Mary Hall. He was appointed In Camb. in 1683, GENEALOGICAI, REGISTER. 133 1- 2 3 4 6 67 8 1-2- 2-10 11 12 13 1416 . 16 18 1-3- 3-19 2123 1-6- " viewer of wood." Whether he resided at that time in the old town or at the Farms, we are unable to say ; but In 1693, when the North precinct was organized, he must have been within Its territory, as he was taxed for ministerial land purchased at that time. The same tax bill boars the name of his son, Thomas Mead. Israel Mead was one of the original members of the ch. organized 1696, and Thomas was ad. 1699, and his wife, Hasaniah, was admitted in August of the same year. During the same season two of Thomas's children, Hannah and Sarah, were bap. The record of Israel's wife's death is among the first of the obituaries on the parish records, being Sept. 1, 1692. Israel was one of the committee to seat the gallery of the meeting house in 1700. He d. Sept. 6, 1714. His wiU, dated AprU 2, 1713, and proved Sept. 20, 1714, mentions particularly sons Thomas, John, Stephen, and Ebenezer, and dau. Margaret Locke, Mary, and Ruth. He also makes a bequest to four grandchildren, — the oldest child of Thomas, John, Stephen, and Margaret Locke. He also remembers his faithful spiritual teacher. " I give to Mr. John Hancock, the rev erend pastor of the church of Christ in Lexington, twenty shillings." ^Thomas, b. about 1670. \John, b. about 1672. Hannah, b. about 1674; d. Jan. 28, 1702. Margard, b, Jan. 20, 1676 ; m. Joseph Locke, as his second wife. \ Stephen, b. about 1679 ; lived and d. in Concord. Mary, b, Feb. 10, 1682. Ruth, b. Aug. 10, 1684; probably d. Nov. 3, 1726, unm. Ebenezer, b. May 11, 1686. Thomas Mead ra. Hasaniah . He was in the North pre cinct In 1693, and he and his wife were ad. to the ch. in 1699. In 1700, when they " seated the meeting house," be had a seat assigned him in the " front side galery." He was constable in 1704 and in 1714. It Is doubtful whether any of his sons, except Israel and Cor nelius, Uved permanently in Lex., as we do not find their names upon the tax bills extant. Hannah, bap. May 8, 1699 ; d. 1723, Sarah, bap. May 8, 1699. _ ' Thomas, bap. Sept. 1700 ; probably went to Littleton, Jonathan, bap. Sept. 6, 1702. \lsrad, bap. Aug. 16, 1704; m. Sarah . \Samud, bap. May 3, 1706 ; went to Harvard. Mai-y, bap. March 3, 1709. 17 James, bap. April 8, 1711. ^Cornelius, bap. June 3, 1714; m. Hannah Hadley, John Mead ra. Rebecca . He probably moved to Weston. He owned the covenant in Lex. Feb. 23, 1707, when " John Mead, the first-born of John," was baptized. Rebecca was admitted to the ch. July 31, 1709. He jprobably left town soon after the birth of his children named below, as his name is not found upon the tax bill in 1729. John, bap. Feb. 23, 1707. Lydia, b, April 7, 1714. Rebecca, b. March 1, 1719. 20 Joseph, bap. Feb. 13, 1709. 22 IsrOkl, b, Aug. 27, 1716. 24 Hannah, b, Aug. 13, 1721. Stephen Mead. The Lex. records give no information of him or his family. By the Probate records I learn that in 1717, Thomas Mead (No. 2 in this table) was appointed guardian of Joseph Mead, 75 .34 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2-14- 14-25 2627 2-15- 2-18- 18-29 3031 32 1- 2 3 1-3- - 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 the only child of his brother Stephen, late of Concord ; and in 1734, Joseph Mead of Bedford settled with his uncle Thoraas, his late guardian. Israel Mead m. Sarah . She d. June 22, 1745, aged 37, and he m. Mary Robbins, Feb. 21, 1751. He was ad. to the ch. March 28, 1742. Sarah, b. Aug, 14, 1732 ; m. Dec. 26, 1753, Nathan Pierce. Hannah, b. Jan. 3, 1734. John, b. June 2, 1745. 28 Mary, bap. Sept. 17, 1747. Samuel Mead was ad. to the ch. 1742, and dismissed to the ch. in Harvard, July 1, 1744, where he resided and had a family. Sam uel, one of his sons, grad. H. C. 1787, studied divinity, and settled at Alstead, N. H. He d. 1822. William O, Mead of Belmont, a broker In Boston, is a son of Rev. Samuel. Cornelius Mead m. Oct. 15, 1751, Hannah Hadley, 1759, and his wid. administered upon his estate. He d. Sarah, b. Sept. 20, 1763; m, Nov. 11, 1779, Thomas Jones of Con, Abner, b, Dec. 15, 1754. He served In the Revolutionary war. Benoni, b. May 1, 1766 ; d. Aug. 4, 1766. Susanna, b. Jan. 26, 1768. There is another branch of the Mead family, which should be kept dLstinct, though it Is believed that they were all of the same original stock. Daviix Mead of Camb., perhaps son of Gabriel, ra. at Wat. Sept. 24, 1676, Hannah Warren, and had David, Hannah, John, and prob ably HopestiU, and other children. David admitted freeman 1683. Hannah, b, Sept. 1676. \ David, b, 1678; m. Feb. 6, 1708, Hannah Smith of Wat., where he settled. ^HopestiU, b, 1681 ; m. Aug. 22, 1707, EUzabeth Hastings. John, b, 1686. 6 Sarah, b. 1688, 7 Susanna, b. 1690, Da-vtd Mead m, Feb, 6, 1708, Hannah Smith, dan. of Joseph and Hannah (Tidd) Smith. He settled in Watertown, (which then in cluded Waltham,) probably near the line of Lex. In the record of a public meeting In Lex. Feb. 23, 1712, is this entry, — " David Mead of Watertown did request that he, paying twenty shillings, might be interested in the meeting house for himself and family. Voted in the affirmative" She united with the ch, in Lex. June 22,. 1718, and in October of that year their first four children were bap. She d. in childbed, Oct. 4, 1723. He d. In Walt. Feb. 26, 1767, aged 89. Lydia, b. Deo. 1, 1710. Moses, b. Oct. 21, 1712 ; ad. to the ch. 1742. •[Joshua, b, Nov. 9, 1715 ; m. March 24, 1750, Lncy Parker. •[Matthew, b. ^ug. 9, 1717 ; m. Martha Danforth. Susanna, b, Aug. 1, 1719 ; m. Dec. 14, 1738, Jacob Bigelow, Walt. HopestiU, b, Sept. 7, 1721 ; m. March 13, 1750, Sarah Pierce, Walt. David, b. Sept. 23, 1723; m. Oct. 16, 1747, Mary Bond, settled in Line. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. In Lex. June 19, 1748, and dismissed to Line. April 26, 1767. ¦ GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 135 1-4- 4-15 3-10- 10-16 1718 19 2021 3-11- 11-22 2324 ^6 26 27 11-25- 26-28 30 32 34 35 11-26- HoPBSTiLL Mead m. Aug. 22, 1707, Elizabeth Hastings. He d. Aug. 9, 1760, aged 69. In his will, dated Aug, 7, 1760, and proved Sept. 24, 1760, he mentions wife Elizabeth, kinsman Benjamin Hast ings, dau. Abigail Jennison, grandson Josiah Jennison. He makes Joshua Mead of Waltham, whom he designates as his kinsman, exec utor of his will. As he mentions no child but Abigail, and looks among his kinsmen for heirs, it is probable that he had no other child living at that time. Thongh he probably lived within the limits of Waltham, his associations were with Lex., and he attended church here. He was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Sept. 12, 1742, and was dis missed to Waltham, Sept. 1, 1750. Abigail, bap. Aug. 30, 1713 ; m. Octs 23, 1729, Nathaniel Jennison. Joshua Mead m, March 24, 1760, Lucy Parker, dau. of Andrew and Sarah (Whitney) Parker, b. April 4, 1731. They were ad. to the ch. Dec. 8, 1761. Though Joshua Mead united with the ch. in Lex., and apart of his children were bap. here, he resided within the limits of Waltham. Lucy, bap. Jan. 19, 1752 ; d. December of the same year. Mary, b. May 1, 1753 ; m. Dec. 3, 1772, Abraham Whitney. Moses, b. Dec. 2, 1764 ; m. May 22, 1777, Lizzy VUes. He was in the Revolutionary war. Lydia, b. May 17, 1766 ; m. June 1, 1776, Joseph Adams of Newton. Elijah, b. Sept. 30, 1758 ; m. AbigaU . Jacob, b. Oct. 30, 1760 ; d. 1816. Matthew Mead m. Jan. 23, 1754, Martha Danforth of Billerica. He was ad. to the ch. 1742, and d. AprU 1, 1796, aged 78 ; she d. Aug. 8, 1792, aged 63. He resided near the town hall, where Mr. RusseU now resides. His house was ransacked by the British, April 19, 1776. He was frequently elected to office, as constable, school committee, and tythingman. Ward, b. Dec. 16, 1765. MarOia, b. Aug. 10, 1766 ; d. young, Rhoda, bap. July 9, 1758 ; m. Sept. 13, 1786, Philemon Munroe, aa his second wife, \Lein, bap, Aug. 14, 1759 ; m. Betsey Converse. jJosiah, b. Oct. 18, 1761; m. Sally Locke, Elias, bap. May 29, 1763 ; d, June 1, 1765.- Lbvi Mead m. Betsey Converse of Bed, They were ad. to the ch. May 30, 1784. He served in the war of the Revolution, and was. In 1796, a captain in the mUitia. He moved with his famUy, about 1801, to Chesterfield, N. H. 29 Joseph, b. d. young. Levi, bap. Aug. 8, 1784. James, b. Oct. 26, 1788, 31 Bradley, bap. Oct, 18,' 1792, Larkin, bap. Oct. 18, 1795. 33 Elias, bap. March 17, 1799. Marshall, b, in Chesterfield, N, H. Bdsey, b, in Chesterfield, N. H. Josiah Mead m. May 12, 1789, Sally Locke, dau, of Joseph and Sarah (Baldwin) Locke, b. May 27, 1766. He d. July 5, 1829, aged 68; she d. Sept. 2, 1839, aged 73. He was a trader in the town, and occupied the place where M^, Sa^viUe now t^ad^s. 136 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, 26-36 37 38394041 1- 23 4 5 1-2- 2- 6 78 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1-4- Clarissa, b. June 10, 1790 ; m. Nov, 30, 1816, Nathaniel Harring ton. She d. 1866. Maria Howard, b, June 12, 1792 ; m. Dec. 7, 1821, Nathan Chandler. She is living in Lex. in her 76th year. Sally, bap. April 13, 1794 ; d. in infancy. Martha J,, b, June 6, 1797 ; m. Feb. 1, 1824, Nathan Harrington. She d. June 26, 1835, leaving two children. Sally, bap. Feb. 22, 1801 ; m. Oct. 11, 1821, James Hastings of Line. They are both living In Lex. Franklin, bap. Aug. 23, 1803 ; d. Oct. 1806. The name of Mead has become extinct in Lex, In the early records the name is often spelled with an s. Meads, though in later years the s has been dropped. THE MERRIAM FAMILY. The Merriams were very numerous in Lexington during the first seventy-five years of her history. They came from England, and settled in Concord, where they were among the prominent families. Shattuck, In his history of Concord, tells the old story, which he thinks may be true in this case, of three brothers coming over to gether, Robert, George, and Joseph. Robert was town clerk in Con. for a long period, and also a representative. He d. without Issue, Feb. 15, 1681. George m, and had a family; but Joseph was the ancestor of the Concord families. The descendants of Joseph constituted the Lexington Merriams. The imperfect records render it impossible to trace this family with entire accuracy. The Merriams from this stock became numerous in several towns In Worcester county, and In other parts of the State. Joseph Merriam took the freeman's oath, March 14, 1638. He d. Jan. 1, 1641. We have found no mention of his wife's name, and no full record of his children. .\Joseph, b. , 1630 ; m. July 12, 1653. Sarah Stone. WUliam, b. ; m. Sarah and moved to Lynn. ^John, b. , 1639 ; m. Mary Cooper. Sarah, b. ; m. Oct. 14, 1658, WUUam HaU. Joseph Merriam ra. July 12, 1663, Sarah Stone, dau. of Dea. Gregory. He took the freeman's ^oath. May 22, 1661, and d. April 20, 1677, aged 47» His tombstone Is the oldest one In Concord. His wife survived him nearly thirty years, and d. Ap. 5, 1704, aged 71. Sarah, b. Aug. 2, 1664; m. Samuel Fletcher. Lydia, b. Aug. 3, 1666 ; d. Dec. 29, 1690, unm. ^Joseph, b. May 25, 1658 ; d. May 31, 1727, in Lexington. Elizabeth, b. May 20, 1660; m. Isaac Wood. \John, b. May 30, 1662 ; d. 1736. Mary, b. June 4, 1664 ; m. Isaac Stearns. ^Robert, b. Dec. 17, 1667 ; d. Feb. 11, 1717, in Lex. \Thomas, b, 1672 ; m. Mary Haywood of Concord. Ruth, b. ; m. Nathaniel Stonoii /T^'t,^ •*" David, b, ; d. 1744, at Townsend. John Merriam m. Oct. 21, 1663, Mary Cooper at Concord. He was made freeman. May 12, 1676. She d. March 6, 1731, aged 85 ; he d, Feb. 2, 1704, aged 65. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 137 4-16 1718202122 2-8- 8-23 24 2-10- 10-26 26 2728 29 30 31 2-12- 12-32 333435 363738 39 40 John, b, Sept. 3, 1666. Anna, b. Sept, 7, 1669 ; m, Aug. 9, 1692, Daniel Brooks. Nathaniel, b, Dec, 10, 1672. 19 Joseph, b, Aug. 20, 1677. Samuel, b, July 25, 1681, Ebenezer, b, ; m. Nov. 8, 1711, Elizabeth Brooks. Sarah, b, ; m. Edward Wheeler. Joseph Merriam m. Charity . Like his brothers, he was early at Cambridge Farms, and was a subscriber to the first meeting house In 1692, and in the following year was assessed In the first tax bill of the precinct ;• and hence was a resident there at the time. He was not called so frequently to places of honor and trust, as some of his kinsmen, though he was elected to the dignified office of tything man, which in that day was conferred upon none but the most respec table citizens. He d. May 31, 1727. Ruth, bap. Nov. 6, 1698 ; d. April 20, 1749, unm. Joseph, bap. 1717 ; d. 1747. John Merriam m. 1688, Mary Wheeler of Con. What time he came to Camb. Farms, does not appear, but probably about the time of his marriage. His name Is borne upon our earliest records, being a subscriber for the meeting house in 1692. He was one of the original members of the church In 1696, and was chosen deacon at that time. He became one of the most prominent men in the parish and in the town. He frequently represented the church In ecclesiastical councils. He was chosen an assessor in 1700 and 1711, under the parish organization ; and when the precinct was erected Into a town, he was elected one of the selectmen, — an office to which he was often re-elected. He enjoyed, In a great degree, the confi dence of his fellow citizens. He resided in the southwesterly part of the town. The record of his family is very Imperfect; there being no account of any children from 1689 to 1701, though it is probable they had children during that period. He d. May 21, 1727 ; she d. Dec. 26, 1747, aged 76. Mary, b, Feb. 6, 1689. ^Baijamin, bap. Jan. 1701 ; ra. Mary . \Jonas, bap. Jan. 12, 1704; m. Abigail Locke, Oct. 3, 1728. Ebenezer, bap. May 30, 1706; he moved to Oxford about 1729. Joshua, bap. Feb. 22, 1708. WUliam, b, Sept. 1712 ; d. June 21, 1735. •[Amos, bap. July 25, 1716 ; m, Nov, 9, 1738, Hannah Danforth, Robert Merriam m. Abigail . He was a subscriber for the meeting house In Lex. in 1692 ; but probably was not a permanent resident, as he was not taxed in 1693 or 1696. In 1700, he was one of the assessors, and in 1711 was one of the subscribers for the pur chase of the Common. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. in 1698. He d. Feb. 11, 1717, and she d. June 16, 1717. ^Joseph, b. May 3, 1697 ; m. Mary Bruce of Weston. AbigaU, b. Oct. 3, 1699. . Hannah, b. AprU 16, 170i ; m, John Bmce, Oct, 9, 1718, Robert, b. July 16, 1703 ; d, 1713. Jonathan, b. July 25, 1706 ; d. Feb, 20, 1738. Hezekiah, b. May 30, 1707. Sarah, bap, July 2, 1710 ; d. July 8, 1713. Mary, b, Dec, 11, 1712. Sarah, bap. JulJ^ 2, 1716 ; m. Isaac Allen of Weston, 1739. 138 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2-13- 13-41 424344 45 46 10-26- 26-47 48 4960 10-27- 27-51 6253646667 68 10-31- 31-69 6061 62 6364 6566 12-32- Thomas Merriam m. Dec. 23, 1696, Mary Haywood of Concord. The record of his marriage speaks of him as of Cambridge ; but Lex. at that time was a part of Camb., and as he was one of the original members of the church formed in 1696, he was probably residing here at the time of his marriage. His wife was dismissed from Con. to the ch. in Lex. in 1698. Thomas Merriam and others were per mitted to " build a seat for their wives on the back side of the meet ing house, from goodwife Reed's seat to the woman's stayers." He was a constable in 1716, and a selectman, 1718, '22, '26. He d. Aug. 16, 1738, aged 66, and she d. Sept. 29, 1756, aged 81. The early Merriams all resided in the southwest pairt of the town. \ Thomas, bap. April 21, 1700; m. Tabitha Stone. Lydia, bap. Aug. 1, 1703 ; m. Nathaniel Eaton, and r. in Reading. ^Nathaniel, bap. Dec. 9, 1705 ; m. Esther Muzzy, dau. of Benjamin Muzzy. Simon, bap. Nov. 28, 1708 ; d. Feb. 8, 1747. David, bap. Sept. 2, 1711 ; d. Dec. 15, 1743, in Townsend. Isaac, bap. July 11, 1714 ; m. and had two children, one of whom d. 1740. He d. Sept. 1741, Benjamin Merriam m. Mary . He d. Aug. 28, 1773, aged 74, and she d. Jan. 18, 1763. He was one who marched to the re lief of Fort WUlIam-Henry in 1767. Mary, b. AprU 4, 1733. Elizabeth, b. March 10, 1735 ; m. June 22, 1758, Jonas Brown of Waltham. \Benjamin, b. June 8, 1737 ; m. Feb. 28, 1762, Ginger Porter, Baron, b. Sept. 21, 1740 ; d. Jan. 3, 1741. Jonas Merriam m. Oct. 3, 1728, Abigail Locke, dau. of Dea. WiUiam of Wo, They were ad. to the ch. July 1, 1729. She d. Dec. 5, 1755, and he ra. June 22, 1758, Mrs. Sarah "Winship. She d. March 15, 1773, and he d. July 23, 1776, aged 73. He fiUed several town offices, and was treasurer in 1747. John, b. July 28, 1729. ^William, bap. Dec. 17, 1732 ; m. Sarah . {Abraham, b, Dec. 23, 1734; m. Sarah Simonds. Silas, b. March 5, 1737. 65 James, b. AprU 10, 1739. Abigail, b. June 11, 1741. Eunice, b. June 29, 1743 ; d, before 1746, Ebenezer, b, Nov, 2, 1745 ; d, Dec. 11, 1745. Amos Merriam m. Nov. 9, 1738, Hannah Danforth. to the ch. April 4, 1736. Amos, b. Aug. 24, 1739. Jonathan, ) ^ ^ ^g ^^^^ < d. Jan. 6, 1823, unm. Hepzibah, ^ •' t d. young. Hannah, b, Feb. 9, 1744 ; m. James Townsend. Sarah, bap. April 20, 1746 ; m. William Lincoln. Lucy, bap. Sept. 4, 1748 ; m. WUUam Whitcomb. Levi, b, Feb. 3, 1766 ; m. Abigail Fife. Abigail, b. March 31, 1768 ; m. Uriah Mores. He was ad. Joseph Merriam m. Aug. 9, 1718, Mary Bruce of Weston. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Sept. 13, 1719. He was constable, 1738, and tythingman, 1741. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 139 32-67 6870 717273 13-41- 41-75 76777879 80 81 82 83 84 13-43- 43-86 8688 Joseph, bap. July 13, 1718 ; d. April 22, 1725. Elizabdh, b. June 13, 1721. 69 Abigail, b. . Robert, b. 1726 ; d. June 11, 1729. Mary, bap. June 23, 1728. Beulah, b. Aug. 2, 1730 ; m. Aug. 7, 1767, John Chandler of Line, but afterwards of Lexington. Joseph, b. July 10, 1732. 74 Bobert, bap. June 11, 1738. 89 26-49- 49-91 92 9394 95969798 99 100101 27-52- 62-102 104106 Thomas Merriam m. Tabitha Stone. He was ad. to the ch. Aug. 2, 1721. She d. June 22, 1760; he d. June 4, 1752. ^Samuel, b, Dec. 21, 1723 ; m. June 4, 1752, Anna "Whitney. Nathan, b. AprU 7, 1725 ; m. March 26, 1766, Mary Hosmer. Mary, b, June 15, 1727 ; m. David Whitney of Walthara. Hannah, b. Aug. 7, 1729 ; d. Feb. 14, 1730. Thomas, b, Aug. 24, 1731 ; m. Sarah Wilder. Tabitha, b. May 10, 1733 ; m. Nathan Whitney of Waltham. They moved to Westminster, and had Nathan, b. 1765 ; David, b. 1767, d. March 25, 1867, aged 99 years, 7 months, and 9 days ; and John, b. 1769; besides six other children, who d. young. Lydia, b. Oct. 28, 1734 ; m. March 27, 1756, Josiah Cutting of West minster. Hepzibah, b. Feb. 24, 1737 ; d. Aug. 10, 1740. Elizabdh, b. July 27, 1738; m. Nov. 5, 1755, Mgses SawteU of Con. Eunice, b. June 30, 1740; d, AprU 27, 1741. Nathaniel Merriam m. Esther Muzzy, dau, of Benjamin and Patience Muzzy. Esther, b. Oct. 23, 1734; m. Nov. 27, 1760, Samuel Jones. Nathaniel, b, AprU 16, 1737. 87 Mary, b. Oct. 3, 1739. Abigail, b. March 11, 1744; m. June 27, 1766, Bartholomew Rich ardson of Woburn, Simon, b. Jan. 3, 1749. 90 Sarah, bap. Sept. 18, 1761. Benjamin Merriam, Jr., m. Feb. 28, 1762, Ginger Pofter. He d. in Pelham, Feb. 1, 1806, aged 69 ; she d. March 7, 1817, aged 76. ^Rufus, b. Oct. 28, 1762 ; m. Jan. 12, 1786, Martha Simonds. Benjamin, b. March 23, 1764 ; d. March 22, 1817, aged 53, unm. Edith, b, Aug, 20, 1766 ; m. Feb. 5, 1787, Stephen Winship. Mary, b. July 6, 1767 ; m. Abiel Abbott of Lincoln, Anna, b. June 10, 1769 ; m, Oct. 26, 1797, Thomas S. CaldweU, who moved to Manchester, N. H. George, b. May 7, 1771, He went into business In Boston, after wards went to Kentucky, from thence to Natchez, where he died, Bebecca, b. June 19, 1773 ; d. unm, March 10, 1835, Tryphena, b. Feb. 25, 1775 ; m, Brooks, and moved to Farm ington, Me. Phila, b. April 23, 1777 ; d. Aug. 5, 1778. Nathan, b. Oct. 3, 1780. He went to Louisiana, where he was first made a sheriff, afterwards judge, then President of the Senate, William, b. . He was a trader in Cambridgeport, William Merriam m. Sarah . William, b. March 23, 1771, Jonas, b. Nov, 6, 1773, Sarah, b. Aug, 14, 1776, 103 Jonathan, b, Aug. 25, 1772. 106 Abel, b. March 13, 1776. 107 Rebecca, bap, 1786. 140 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 27-63- 53-108 110 111 112 113 41-75- 75-114 116118 120 49-91- 91-121 122123124126 127 Abraham Merriam m. April 22, 1756, Sarah Simonds. They were ad. to the ch. May 6, 1757. They afterwards moved to Wo„ where their last three children were born. Abraham, bap. May 29, 1757. Silas, b. Feb. 2, 1762. Sarah, b. at Wo. Oct. 10, 1766. Jonas, b, at Wo. Jnly 31, 1769. Abigail, b, at Wo, May 13, 1771, 109 Ezra, b. June 15, 1760, Samuel Merriam m. June 4, 1752, Anna Whitney. They were ad, to the ch. AprU 11, 1766, and were dismissed, Sept. 6, 1772, to the ch. in Westminster, to which place they had removed. Anna, b. Oct. 10, 1753. Samud, b, March 25, 1757. Tabitha, bap. Dec. 28, 1760. Jonathan, bap. Feb. 22, 1767, 116 Eunice, b. June 22, 1765, 117 Ruth, bap. Feb. 26, 1759, 119 Nathan, bap. AprU 29, 1764. Rupus Merriam m. Jan. 12, 1785, Martha Simonds, dau. of Joshua and Martha (Bowers) Simonds, who was b. Oct. 1, 1766. He d. May 7, 1847, and she d. May 8, 1849. He was the first post master of Lex, He kept a public house for a long series of years, Martha', b. July 21, 1787 ; d, June 8, 1863, unm. Rufus, b. Sept. 11, 1789 ; he Is living, in his 79th year. John Parkhurst, b, July 4, 1791 ; d. June 25, 1863, unm. He was interested in the militia, and rose to the rank of colonel. Eliza, b. Feb. 23, 1793. 125 Mary, b, Jan. 1, 1798. • Emily, b. Aug. 16, 1800. Julia Ann, b. Oct. 12, 1804 ; m. Aug. 22, 1827, Rev Caleb Stetson. MILLS. — Samuel Mills of Dedham, b. 1622, was made freeman 1645. His son, William, was b. 1682, and his grandson, John, was b. 1715. Oliver, son of John, was b. 1742, and Oliver, Jr., was b. 1780. He was the father of Oliver P. Mills, now residing In Lex. He was b. in Boston, Sept. 8, 1810, m. Anna A. Adams of Lex., dau. of Samuel. They have had four children : Emily Ida, b. Sept. 28, 1846, d. Sept. 29, 1847; Arthur Perry, b. AprU 15, 1848; Carl ton Wadsworth, b. April 1, 1863 ; Grade Constance, b. Sept. 13, 1862. MITCHELL.- Patrick Mitchell was b. July 8, 1819, in the parish of Moor, county of Roscommon, Ireland. He was son of Daniel Mitchell. In 1834, Patrick, with his parents, came to this country and setted in Roxbury, where he remained till 1842, when he came to Lex. and established himself as a leather dresser. He ra. May 6, 1845, Sarah A. Snow, dau. of Daniel and Rebecca (Abbott) Snow of Cavendish, Vt. They have had four children, Oliver, b. March 18, 1846 ; James Alpheus, b. Aug. 21, 1847, he was in the United States' service in the late rebellion ; Mary Rebecca, b. Jan. 4, 1849, d. Sept. 16, 1866 ; Abbott Stanton, b, Nov. 21, 1860. THE MOORE FAMILY. There was a family by the name of Moore found on Lex. records about 1720. We have not ascertained the line of descent of this family. The name was common in most of the early settlements. 1- 24 6 1- 2 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 141 Thomas Moore a,nd his wife Mary appear before the church in 1724, and had their first child bap. He d. July 19, 1767, and she d. Nov. 8, 1782, aged 81. Mary, b. July 6, 1724. - 3 Thomas, b. Sept. 10, 1725. Elizabdh, b. Sept. 15, 1727. 5 Abigail, b. April 30, 1729. Lydia, b, Jan. 18, 1731 ; m. May 22, 1765, John Parker, who com manded the Lex. company in 1775. He d. Sept. 17, 1775, and she m. Nov. 6, 1778, Ephraim Pierce of Waltham. Charles, b. Aug. 14, 1733. 8 Bobert, b. Feb. 26, 1736. Isaac, b. May 24, 1738, There are a few others of the name, but they are so far between that I can give no connected view of them. . Benjamin Moore m. May 3, 1768, Betsey Cutler, and had children, we believe, but neither the town or the parish records contain the names or birth. THE MORRELL FAMILY. Ambrose Morrell was b. In France about 1780. He received his early education in a convent, and was probably designed for the church. He was conscripted into the French army, and served In Napoleon's second campaign in Italy. He was In the famous battle of Marengo. He afterwards went to Holland, and from thence came to America, about 1798. He took up his residence in Lex. and m. Jan. 7, 1805, Sarah Holbrook of Sherborne, aged 19. He d. April 27, 1862. He was engaged In the fur dressing business. He was frequently- appointed on important committees, represented the town two years in the legislature, and was a justice of the peace. Sarah, b. Jan. 12, 1807 ; m. Abraham Millett, June 2, 1833, no issue. Clarissa, b. March 18, 1808; m. May 19, 1835, Rev. Curtis Cutler. Elizabeth, b. Dec. 3. 1810 ; d. young. Elizabeth, b. May 20, 1814; m. July 19, 1836, Otis H. Dana. He has been a merchant In Boston. They have one child, Ellen B,, b. May 1, 1838. Mary A., b. July 18, 1820 ; m. April, 1842, George Marsh. THE MULLIKEN FAMILY. Benjamin Mulliken came to this country from Glasgow, Scot land, when he was a young man, and settled in Bradford. He was twice married. By his second wife he had Nathaniel, Samuel, and Mary, Nathanid was b. 1722. He was a clock maker by trade ; and according to the custom of that day, carried his clocks round for a market. In the pursuit of his caUing he visited Lex., and set up one of his time pieces at Dea. John Stone's. It would seem that the family were well pleased with the beating of the clock ; and the heart of their youngest daughter beat "so in unison "with that of the maker, that she was willing to leave the time-piece in her father's house, and place herself in a situation where she should know more of the clocks and their maker. Nathaniel Mulliken m. June 6, 1751, Lydia Stone, dau. of John and Mary (Reed) Stbne. He probably came to Lex. to reside about the time of his marriage ; for his name appears upon the tax biU of 1762. She was ad. to the ch. Aug. 2, 1752. He was chosen 76 i2 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2- 3 46 67 ' 8 9 2-5- 6-10 111213 1415 16 5-10- 10-17 ' 18 19 tjrthingman in 1764, — a position showing that he was a man of sobriety of character. He d. Nov. 23, 1767, aged 46, and, after remaining a wid. about ten years, she m. Nov. 18, 1777, Jonathan Harrington, as his second wile. She. d. Nov. 13, 1783. WhUe she remained a wid., she was rendered houseless by having her dwelling burned by the British on the 19th of April," 1775. She lost oh that occasion, in buildings and other property, £431. Her residence was near the late residence of Dea. Nathaniel Mulliken on Main street. Nathanid, b. March 30, 1762 ; d, unm. Feb. 6, 1776, aged 24 years. He was a member of Capt. Parker's company. Lydia, b. July 11, 1763 ; m, Joseph Burrell of Haverhill. \John, b, Dec. 23, 1754; m. Lydia Whiting. Samud, b, July 4, 1756; d. 1807, unm., in South Carolina. Mary, b. Dec. 4, 1767 ; m. Jan. 2, 1781, Abijah Sanderson of Salem. Rebecca, b. Dec. 10, 1762 ; m. July 27, 1784, Levi Harrington. Joseph, b. April 9, 1765 ; d. at Concord, where he resided, Feb. 4, 1802, He m. Hepzibah Hunt of that place. John Mulliken m. Lydia Whiting, dau. of Thomas Whiting of Con. They were ad. to the ch. AprU 22, 1787. He d. March 9, 1840, aged 85 ; she d. Nov. 16, 1825, aged 68. He fiUed the office of selectman nineteen years, town clerk twelve years, treasurer eight years, and was a magistrate. ^Nathaniel, b. May 17, 1781 ; was twice married. \John, b. April 26, 1783 ; m. Susanna Reed. Lucy, b. March 30, 1786 ; d. July 6, 1806, aged 20, Lydia, b. Aug. 6, 1787 ; d. Oct. 14, 1811, aged 24. \[saac, b. June 1, 1789 ; m. Mary Nelson. Samuel, b. April 20, 1791 ; grad. H. C. 1819, studied medicine, and established himself at Dorchester, He m, Mary L. Payson, and d. Feb. 19, 1843. Faustina, b, April 20, 1793 ; d. April 26, 1816, aged 22. 20 21 Nathaniel Mulliken m. May 22, 1806, Mary Chandler, dau. of Nathan and Ruth (Tidd) Chandler. She d. Oct. 27, 1817, aged 34, and he m. May 6, 1819, Lydia Sanderson of Salem. He d. June 28. 1866, aged 84 years. He was a deacon in the first church, and filled tlie most important offices In the town. He was selectman, assessor, town clerk, and treasurer, — and the last-named office he filled fifteen or sixteen years, and the former offices from five to nine years. He was also a justice of the peace. Lucy, b. Aug. 26, 1806 ; m. Nov. 1, 1838, Joseph F. Daland of Wo. John William, b. Sept. 12, 1809. The town record has this entry connected with the record of his birth: "This child at his birth had four great-grandparents and four grandparents, all living in Lex., also bears the Christian name of two great-grandparents, one grandparent, and two uncles." He m. Sarah Jane Hunt of Camb. He moved to Charlestown, where he d. Sept. 19, 1864. Mary, b. May 17, 1811 ; m. Dec. 26, 1831, Luther Farnsworth, and had Mary, b. Oct. 15, 1832; Rebecca S., b, Oct. 30, 1833; and Emily M., b, Aug. 9, 1835, who d..May 11, 1863. Mr. Farns worth d. Dec. 16, 1863, and his wife d. Nov. 8, 1861. Nathaniel, b. May 2, 1813; m. Nov. 16, 1836, Sarah Holt of Camb., where they resided for a time. He Is now In Minnesota. Nathan Chandler, b. Feb. 19, 1815; m. Sept. 10, 1839, Faustina Roberts of Salem. They reside in Charlestown, where he is en gaged In the ice business. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 143 2223 242526 27 28 Eliza, b. Jan. 31, 1820; m. 1845, Edwin Pierce. They have two chU., Eliza J., b. June 29, 1846; Edwin W., b. Dec. 16. 1849. Ephraim, b. March 24, 1822; m. 1849, Mary Ann Horton of Canton; they r. In Roxbury. •[Emery Abbott, b. March 21, 1823 ; m. Avis M. WeUington. Elijah S.,b, June ,30, 1824; m. Sept. 4,. 1854, Helen S. Munyan of Hopedale, MUford; r. in Rhode Island, Joseph W„ b. June 14, 1826 ; d. Feb. 6, 1829. Lydia W., b. Aug. 3, 1827 ; m. May 30, 1849, George F. H. Horton. Augusta W„ b. Aug. 18, 1829, 6-11- 11-29 30 31 3233 34 6-14- 14-36 36 373839 40 41 42 10-24- 24-43 46 46 11-32- 32-47 48 4961 14-37- 37-62 John Mulliken m, Nov, 30, 1813, Susanna Reed of Con, They were ad. to the ch. July 3, 1814. He d, Aug. 5, 1865, aged 72, and she d. Aug. 21, 1863. He filled the office^of selectman, town clerk, and representative to the General Court. Susan, b. Sept. 19, 1814; m. May 7, 1835, Joseph F. Simonds. Charles, b, Oct. 8, 1816; d. Dec. 8, 1821. Lydia, b. Jan. 3, 1819 ; m. Sept. 20, 1861, Levi Bacon of Lowell. He was lost on board the Golden Gate, near California, 1862. •[George, b, March 15, 1821 ; m. AprU 23, 1847, Charlotte Munroe, Elizabdh R., b. Nov. 5, 1823; d. Aug. 18, 1826. John, b. April 26, 1826 ; is in business in Boston.- Isaac Mulliken m. Dec. 7, 1816, Mary Nelson, dau. of Josiah and MUlicent (Bond) Nelson of Line. He d. March 17, 1859, aged 69 ; she d. Dec. 8, 1861, He represented the town in the legislature three years, and filled important town offices. Faustina, b. AprU 17, 1817 ; m. May 17, 1854, William W. Clement. EUzabeth, b. March 16, 1819 ; d. Nov. 6, 1820. '[Henry, b. Aug. 16, 1821 ; m. AdeUne M. Locke. Edward, b. Nov. 26, 1823 ; ra. Nov. 7, 1850, Harriet Smith of Stow. Mary Caroline, b, Jan, 8, 1826 ; m, Feb. 2, 1848, Wm. W, Clement, Elizabdh, b,Ja.a. 16i 1828; m. May 18, 1848, Hollis Gerry, and lives in Chelsea, Joseph, b. May 24, 1831 ; d, AprU 28, 1860, Hden S,, b. May 16, 1833 ; m, July 5, 1854, Elbridge G. Locke ; r. in New York. Emery Abbott Mulliken m. Oct. 17, 1850, Avis M. Wellington, dan. of Nehemiah and Anna (Stearns) Wellington. Ann Eliza, b. Nov. 9, 1851. 44 John E. A., b, Sept. 8, 1856. Amdia M., b. Sept. 16, 1868. Alice W„ b, Oct. 1862; d. Jan, 23, 1863. Georgkb Mulliken m, April 23, 1847, Charlotte Munroe, dau. of John and Charlotte Munroe, He resides in Somerville, His wife d, Deo. 8, 1861, and he m. again. Charlotte M., b, April 27, 1848 ; d. July 4, 1866. George Francis, b. Oct. 6, 1851 ; d. Sept. 24, 1854. Charles Henry, b. Oct. 28, 1863. 60 Clarence M,,b, Oct. 13, 1855. Harrid M„ b. Feb. 6, 1858 ; d. 1866. Henry Mulliken m. July 13, 1853, Adeline Matilda Locke, dau. of Hammond and Bebecca (Nevers) Locke, b. June 14, 1826. William Henry, b. June 30, 1864. 52 Everdt M,, b, Mar. 26, 1867. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. THE MUNROE FAMILY. The Munroes, who acted a conspicuous part on the 19th of April, 1776, and were among the first settlers in Lexington, and who have from time to time filled some of the principal offices in the town, were of Scotch descent ; though it is said that they came to Scotland from Ireland at a remote period. Dr. Doddridge, in his Life of Col. Gardner, has given an interesting account of the ancient family of Munroes, (of whom the Lexington Munroes were descendants,) from which account this notice is mostly taken. The family of Munroes of Fowlis is araong the most ancient and •honorable families in the north of Scotland, and has generaUy been remarkable for a brave, martial, and patriotic spirit. They have intermarried with many of the best families and nobility in the North of Scotland ; and, what is more to their honor, they were among the very first in those parts, who embraced the Reformation, which they zealously supported. According to Buchanan, it was In the beginning of the eleventh century, and about the time of the conquest of England, when Mal colm, the second of that name. King of Scots, first distributed, or as it was expressed, ye«)-e(i out, or fee-ed, the lands in Scotland to the principal families, on account of their eminent services In his battles with the Danes. According to tradition, it was on that occasion that the country between the Borough of Dingwall and the waters of Alness in the shire of Ross, was given to Donald Munroe. A part of these lands were afterwards by the King erected Into a Barony, called the Barony of Fowlis, Some of the Munroes were lords of this barony from its first erection ; but we shall commence with them about the time they became Protestants. George Munroe, IX Baron of Fowlis in a direct line from the above-mentioned Donald, the first Baron, was slain at the memorable battle of Bannockbum, fought by Robert Bruce of Scotland against Edward II, of England, In 1314. And George, X Baron of Fowlis, son of the former, was also slain, with a great many other of his name, at the battle of HoUydon Hill, near Berwick, where the Scots were defeated, July 22, 1333. Robert Munroe, XVII Baron of Fowlis, was slain at the battle of Pinkie, near Edinburgh, with many of his name, when the Scots were again defeated, in 1647. The first Protestant of this family was Robert Munroe, XVIII Baron of Fo-w- lis, son of the last-mentioned, who came to the assistance of Mary, Queen of Scots, when she was Involved In trouble at Inverness. He d. in 1688, and was succeeded by his son, Robert, XIX Baron of Fowlis, who d. the same year with his father. The next Baron was his brother Hector Munroe, who d. 1603. Robert Munroe, son of Hector, was the XXI Baron. He flour ished at the time that Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was engaged in a Protestant war with Ferdinand II, In defence of the civil and religious liberties of Germany. The Baron, moved with pity and patriotism, joined Adolphus, with a great many of his clan of the same name, where they gained great distinction as soldiers. Robert became so eminent, that he was made colonel of two regiments, one of foot and the other of horse, at the same time. He d. of a wound received In crossing the Danube, in 1633. He was succeeded by Sir Henry Munroe, XXII Baron of FowUs, the next male heir of the family, who was also a colonel in the same service, and upon crossing over into Britain, he was created a Baronet, in 1633. He d. at Ham burg two years after. His s6n. Sir Hector Munroe, was the XXUI Baron of Fowlis, and d, without issue 1661 , Sir Robert Munroe, XXIV Baron of Fowlis, being the next of kin, succeeded him. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 145 Up to this time there were three generals, eight colonels, five lieut.- colonels, eleven majors, and above thirty captains of the name of Munroe, besides a great number of subalterns, — all of the same original stock ; the descendants of Donald Munroe. Some of the family were for a long period in considerable military command in Sweden and many parts of Germany, and even in India. General Robert Munroe, uncle to Sir Robert, the XXIV Baron, was In 1641 , appointed by Charles II, major-general of the Scotch forces that were sent to Ireland to suppress the rebellion there. In 1644, at the head of 14,000 of the Scotch and English Protestants, he fought and defeated 22,000 of the Irish in Ulster. In 1645, he was surprised and taken prisoner by Col. Monk, and d. soon after. The general was succeeded in command by his nephew. Sir George Munroe. who had served under him In Ireland. He was made major-general by Charles II, and had a body of troops under him at Kendall, when James, Duke of Hamilton, was defeated by Cromwell at Lancaster in 1648. Upon this defeat, Sir George re turned to Scotland, and defeated the Earl of Argyle. He afterwards went to Holland and joined his master, Charles II, at whose restora tion he was made Ueut. -general, and commander-in-chief in Scotland. Sir John Munroe, XXV Baron of Fowlis, succeeded his father. Sir Robert, In 1668. He was a member of the Estates of Scotland at the Revolution, and a zealous promoter of that happy event. He was also a zealous Presbyterian, and being remarkable for size and corpulency, ' he was nick-named "the Presbyterian mortar piece. ''^ He suffered both by tines and imprisonment for his devotion to the cause of religion, and d. 1696. Sir Robert Munroe, who succeeded his' father in the barony as the XXVI of the family, was a pious and benevolent man, much beloved by the people. His son, Sir Robert, the XXVII Baron, succeeded him In 1729. He went early from the university to the camp, where he served seven years in Flanders, being for some time captain of the Royal Scots. On his return to England he was elected to Parliament, where he con tinued thirty years. He was greatly distinguished, like others of the family, for his military services. In 1715, he with his clan. In conjunction with the Earl of Sunderland, kept the Earl of Seaforth with a much larger force from joining the Rebel camp for near two months. Being made Governor of Inverness, Sir Robert kept four hundred men of his clan and name regularly paid and disciplined, and so rendered important service to his country. He afterwards greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Fonte- noy. He had obtained leave of His Royal Highness the Duk^ of Cumberland, to adopt his own mode of warfare, and employ his own regiment where and how he pleased. He was early in the field, and at every point of danger ; and wherever the Munroe regiment moved, victory followed its banner. He would march near the enemy, and when the French were about to fire, he would order his men to throw themselves upon the ground, and receive their fire ; and as soon as they drew the enemy's fire, he would order them to spring up and rush upon the foe, reserving their own fire till they had nearly closed with them, so that every shot would tell with dreadful effect. These attacks were repeated with the most marked success several times during the day, to the admiration of the whole army. It was observ able that when he commanded his whole regiment to drop to the ground, he himself stood upright, exposed to the whole fire of the enemy. On being questioned a'fterwards, why he did this, he replied that though he could throw himself down as readily as younger and leaner men, his great bulk and corpulency would not suffer him to rise sufficiently early to rush upon the enemy with his men ; and the HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. commander would not allow himself to be behind his men in such an emergency. For his distinguished services at Fontenoy his Majesty was pleased to appoint him to succeed Gen. Ponsonby, who was slain that day in commandof his troops. They were afterwards ordered to Scot land, and In the battle of Falkirk, being on oneof the wings with his new regiment, they shamefully left their brave commander with five or six of his officers, to be cut to pieces by the enemy. According to the account of the rebels themselves. Sir Robert defended himself against six of them, and killed two of their number, but a seventh coming up, shot him through the body. At this fatal moment his brother. Doctor Munooe, who was near at hand, rushed to the rescue, and was slain near his brother. Doctor Munroe was not only a man of great bravery, but was highly distinguished in his profession, and much respected as a man. Scarcely less distinguished was another brother, Capt. George Munroe. He enjoyed the advantages of a liberal education, but turned his attention mainly to the profession of arms. He was in many engagements, in which he displayed great gallantry, and in one was severely wounded. He however recovered, and afterwards fell by the hands of a cowardly assassin. " Thus," said the correspondent of Dr. Doddridge, " died these three worthy men, to the irreparable loss of their country; all of them remarkable for a brave spirit, full of love to their native land, and of distinguished zeal foi" religion and liberty ; faithful in their promises, steadfast in their friendship, abun-dant in their charity to the poor and distressed; moderate in their resentments, and easy to be reconciled ; and especially remarkable for their great and entire love to each other, so that one soul seemed, as it were', to actuate all the three." Though we have brought this sketch down to 1746, we must go back about a century, to trace the history of the Munroes who came to America. The date of their emigration to this country is uncer tain. Their history here, like that of many of the early settlers in this country, is handed down to us by tradition, and not by full and reliable records. As near as we can learn, they came to America about 1650. Being a young man without a family, and destitute of property, the name of the first emigrant, William Munroe, does not appear upon the public records till some time afterwards. It is highly probable that the Munroes who settled In New Eng land were prisoners of war taken by Cromwell, and sold as slaves or apprentices, as the term was. The custom was this : these prisoners were sold In England to shippers for a small sum, who sent them to this country, where they were sold Into service of from three to ten years, to pay the first purchase, the cost of the passage, and such profits as the dealers in fiesh and blood might be able to make. The Munroes were probably some of those who were taken at the battle of Worcester, where Cromwell was victorious. Iri 1651, a cargo of pris oners was consigned to Thomas Kemble of Boston. The list of prisoners contains the naraes of four Munrows, as the name was there spelled, viz., Robert, John, Hugh, and another whose first name is obliterated. This is supposed to be WilUam, the ancestor of the Lex. Munroes. One of this number settled at Bristol, then in this State, but now In Rhode Island. The Munroes of Bristol were rela tives of those of Lex., but how near it is impossible to say with certainty. There is a tradition in the family that WUliam Munroe was sold or bound out to a farmer by the name of Winship, who resided in that part of Cambridge called Menotomy (now Arlington), and that when his indentures expired, and he set up for. himself, he went farther GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 147 back into the woods, and procured a tract of land within the present limits of Lex., on a. section now known by the name of Scotland, in honor of the native place of the first settler. The name on the Lex. records in the first instances was spelt Munro or Munroe ; but in a few years the first syllable was dropped, and many of the family spelled their name Roe. In fact, for a time Roe and Munroe seem to have been. used interchangably. so that we find such entries as this : " bap. Mary Roe, daughter of William Mun roe." Ultimately a better fashion prevaUed, and the present orthog raphy was adopted. The record of the Munroes is extremely defective ; the early set tlers of that name being less given to letters than to arms. William Munroe, the ancestor of all the Munroes of Lex, and this vicinity, was born in Scotland in 1625, and descended from the Munroe clan in Scotland, of which we have already spoken. He came to America in 1662, and consequently was at that time twenty- seven yealrs of age. The first mention of him which I find in the Cambridge records is In 1657, when " Thomas Rose and WUliam Row " were fined for not having rings in the nose of their swine. If he was sold as an apprentice when he was first brought over, his apprenticeship must have been rather a short one for those days, for he must have been his own man in 1657. He settled at Cambridge Farms about 1660, In the northeasterly part of the town, bordering on Woburn. His house was near the Wo. line, on what is now Wo burn street, not far from the present residence of Hugh Graham. Several of his sons lived with or not far from him at first; and It was said by Mrs. Sanderson, his great-granddaughter, who d. 1853, aged 104 years, that his old house looked like a rope-walk, so many additions had been made to it to accommodate his sons, as they settled in life. By adopting the custom of the Scottish clans, he in a manner confined the Munroes together, and made them for some time, as It were, a distinct people. A considerable portion of their original possessions still remain in the Munroe family. Though he came to the country under unfavorable circumstances, and set up for himself rather late In life, he appears to have been quite successful in his worldly affairs, and to have been blessed with a large, prosperous family. He was made freeman in 1690. He was in the parish at Its first organization, and was one of the com mittee to purchase a tract of land for the support of the ministry, with David Fiske, sen., Samuel Stone, sen., Ephraim Winship, Ben jamin Muzzy, and John Tidd. In the subscription for building the meeting house, William Munroe's name is found, and his subscrip tion of S2 shows that In public spirit and In pecuniary means he was among the first seven In the parish, and the subsequent tax bills, from 1693 to 1696, show that in point of taxable property he stood among the first half dozen men in the parish; thus showing conclu sively that he was a raan of enterprise and force of character. In 1694, he was one of the selectmen of Cambridge, of which 'Lex. was then a part ; and subsequently his name appears In connection with several other important offices in the parish. He was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Feb. 1, 1699. He was three times married, though I have not been able to find the record of the marriages, or learn the family name of his first two wives. He was probably fortj^ years old when he marrie(F, and still he reared a family of thirteen children. He m. about 1665, Martha , by whom he had four children, and second, m. Mary , about 1672, by whom he had nine children. His sec ond wife, Mary, d. Aug. 1692, aged 41, consequently she must have been twenty/six years younger than her husband. He m. third, Mrs. HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 3 10 11 1213 14 1-2- Elizabeth Wyer, wid. of Edward Wyer of Charlestown. She d. Dec. 14, 1715, aged 79, and, he d. Jan. 27, 1717, at the advanced age of ninety-two. Though he married his last wife when he was well stricken in years, he must have married for love and not for money, for in the papers connected with the settlement of his estate, we find an inventory of the property which belonged to her, consisting of one bed, one bolster, one pillow, one chest, one warming pan, one pair of tongs, and one pewter platter. His will, dated Nov. 14, 1716, mentions sons John, WiUiam, George, Daniel, Joseph, and Benjamin, and dau. Eleanor Burgess, to whom he gave the sole use of his house, Martha Comee, Hannah Pierce, Elizabeth Rugg, and Mary Fassett. \John, b. March 10, 1666 ; ra. Hannah . Martha, b. Nov. 2, 1667; m. Jan. 21, 1688, John Comee of Con. He came to Lex., where he lived and reared a family of children. She d, April 13, 1729, aged 62. ]William, b, Oct. 10, 1669 ; m. Mary Cutler. •[George, b. ; m. Sarah . \Danid, b. Aug. 12, 1673 ; m. Dorlty - — . Hannah, b, ; m. Dec. 21, 1692, Joseph Pierce, whose first wife was Ruth Holland, and whose third wife was Beriah, wid, of Daniel Child ; by Hannah he had eight children, Elizabdh, b. ; ra. Thomas Rugg, by whom she had eleven children born between 1691 and 1714. Mary, b. June 24, 1678; m. about 1700, Joseph Fassett. They lived on what is called the Page Place, now In Bedford, but then in Lexington. David, b. Oct. 6, 1680 ; not mentioned in his father's will. Eleanor, b. Feb. 24, 1683 ; m. Aug. 21, 1707, William Burgess of Charlestown. She had four children, whose births are recorded In Lexington. Sarah, b. March 18, 1685 ; m. George Blanchard, about 1707. \Joseph, b. Aug. 16, 1687 ; m. Elizabeth . \Benjamin, b. Aug. 16, 1690 ; was twice married. John Munroe m. Hannah . He was ad. to the ch. Feb. 1, 1699, together with his father, and sisters Martha Comee, Elizabeth Rugg, and Hannah Pierce. He was a subscriber for the meeting house in 1692, and was taxed for the purchase of the ministerial land iu 1693. He was one of the assessors In 1699, 1714, and 1720; was constable in 1700, selectman in 1718 '19, and '26, and treasurer 1718, '19, and '20. He d Sept, 14, 1753, aged 87 ; she d. April 14, 1716, aged 42. He was employed many years to ring the bell and to sweep out the meeting house, which shows that he did not consider it derogatory to perform any honest labor. He also Illustrated the truth of the old ballad, that " there are sweepers In high life as well as in low " ; for in addition to sweeping the meeting house, he filled most of the Important offices In the town. In consequence of the number of the Munroes, and the repetition of the names William and John and George and Mary and Sarah and Hannah, we find it very difficult in some cases to trace the families. This difficulty was felt by themselves and their contemporaries, aud consequently, when speaking of the individuals, they had recourse to certain other designations. A specimen bf this is embodied in the following not very elegant couplet, preserved by one of the descendants. " Lieutenant John and Ensign Roe, Sergeant George and Cocporal Joe." GENEALOGICAI. REGISTER. 149 2-16 16 1718 19 20 21 22 2324 1-4- 4-26 2728 29 3032 33 1-5- 5-34 36 36 37 383940 41 42 6-43 4445 47 It will be seen by these titles that the family, true to their instincts, were given to t'he military, and that John was honored with the office of Lieutenant, We also learn that John Munroe and others had nine hundred acres of land granted to them in 1735, for services rendered in the Indian fight at Lamprey River, June 6, 1690. John, bap. 1699 ; probably m. Rachel . Hannah, bap. 1699; d. AprU 14, 1716. Constance, bap. 1699. Jonathan, bap. March 12, 1699 ; d. Aug. 20, 1724. \WiUiam, bap. Feb. 1, 1701 ; was twice married. Elizabeth, bap. March 5, 1703. Susannah, bap. July 1, 1706 ; ra. June 16, 1724, Ebenezer Nichols. \Jonas, bap. Nov. 22, 1707 ; he was twice married. Martha, b. Dec. 6, 1710. ^Marrett, b. Dec. 6, 1713; m. April 17, 1737, Deliverance Parker. William Munroe m. Mary Cutler, dau. of Thomas. She d. June 26, 1713, aged 33, and he m. Johanna Russell, dau. of Philip and Johanna Russell, about 1716. He d. Jan. 2, 1769, aged 91, and she d. Sept. 17, 1748. He had seven children by his first wife, and two by his last. He was an ensign in the colonial militia, and hence was denominated " Ensign Roe." He was ad. to the ch. April 9, 1699, and his wife Mary was ad. April 30 of the same year, and his wife Johanna was ad. Dec. 24, 1727. He was constable, 1708, assessor, 1713, and selectman, 1724, '30, '34, and '35, Mary, b, April 3, 1699. 26 AbigaU, b. June 28, 1701. ] WiUiam, b, Dec. 19, 1703; m. June 3, 1733, Sarah Mason. ^Tliomas, b. March 19, 1706 ;-ra. Elizabeth . \David, b. Sept. 28, 1708; ra. AbigaU WeUington. Ruth, b. March 16, 1711. 31 Hannah, b, March 19, 1713. ^Philip, b, Feb. 26, 1718 ; m. Mary , Johanna, b. Oct 21, 1720 ; d. Jan. 23, 1749, unm. George Munroe m. Sarah . He was generaUy designated "Sergeant George." He was a tythingman, 1719, and selectman, 1728. He d. Jan. 17, 1749, aged 73, and she d. Dec. 4, 1752, aged 75. ^William, b. Jan. 6, 1700; m. May 6, 1735, Rebecca Locke of Wo. Sarah, b. Oct. 17, 1701. Dorothy, b. Nov. 19, 1703 ; d, April following. Lydia,'b, Dec. 13, 1705. •[George, b. Oct. 17, 1707 ; m. Sarah Phipps. •[Robert, b. May 4, 1712 ; m. July 28, 1737, Anne Stone. \Samuel, b. Oct. 23, 1714 ; the record adds, " He. was the first bap. in the new mepting house." '[Andrew, bap. June 4, 1718 ; m. May 26, 1763, Mrs. Lucy Simonds. Lucy, b. Aug. 20, 1720 ; m. Watson of Camb. Daniel Munroe m. Dority — :-. He was ad. to the ch. Feb. 18, 1728, and d. Feb. 26, 1734, aged 61. His widow administered upon his estate. Daniel, b. June 27, 1717. f Jedediah, b. May 20, 1721 ; m. Abigail Loring, Sarah, b. June 21, 1724. 46 Dorothy, b, June 21, 1728. fJohn, b. May 30, 1731 ; m. Anna Kendall of Woburn, 77 150 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-13- 13-48 49 60 6152 636456 58 1-14- 14-59 60 616263 6465666768 2-19- 19-70 71 72737475 76 Joseph Munroe m. Elizabeth . He was known by the cog nomen of " Corporal Joe," '[Joseph, b. May 13, 1713 ; m. Hannah . Elizabeth, b. June 12, 1716. Nathan, b. Sept. 7, 1716 ; m. Nov. 23, 1738, Mercy Benjamin. He moved to Con., where he had a family of seven children. Several of his sons settled In Northboro', Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Spencer in Worcester County. Joshua, b. Dec. 22, 1717 ; m. Ruth , resided in Concord. Nathaniel, b. Nov. 17, 1719. He embarked in 1740 in the expedi tion to Cuba, and d. before his return. Amos, b. April 21, 1721 ; d. July 7, 1765. AbigaU, b. Jan. 21, 1723. 55 Mary, b. Jan. 21, 1726. Eleanor, b, June 13, 1727. 67 Kezia, b. Oct. 16, 1731. Hannah, b. Nov. 29, 1733 ; m. July 26, l760, Gershom Williams. He d. at West Camb., at the remarkable age of 100 years. Benjamin Munroe m. Abigail -. She d. and he m. 1748, Mrs. Prudence (Harrington) Estabrook, wid. of John Estabrook of Lex. She d. 1778. He resided in Line, and d. April 6, 1766. His will, dated April 1, and proved April 22, 1766, raentlons wife Pru dence and dau. Rebecca Sawin, Abigail Brown, Sarah Cutler, Mar tha Stone, Mary Parker, Anna Matthis, Eunice Wheeler, and children of Lydia Williaras, deceased, and son Benjamin. Lydia, b, March 7, 1718 ; ra. Oct. 19, 1740, Joseph Williams, Camb. Abigail, b. Oct. 5, 1719 ; m. Feb. 7, 1745, Joseph Brown of Weston. A child, b. ; d. Nov. 9, 1721. Benjamin, b. June 21, 1723 ; m. Mary Merriam of Lex. ; lived in Lincoln. Rebecca, b. Aug. 24, 1726 ; m. Manning Sawin of Marlb., May, 1746. Sarah, b. July 26, 1727 ; ra. May 12, 1750, Josiah Parks of Lincoln. He d. and she m. Dec. 22, 1753, Elisha Cutler of Lexington. Martha, b. March 18, 1729; m. Sept. 8, 1748, Isaac Stone of Lex. Mary, twin of the above ; m. Josiah Parker, Jr. Anne, b. March 4, 1732 ; m. Matthis. Eunice, b. Apr. 9, 1734; ra. June 26, 1756, Edmund Wheeler, Line. Kezia, b. April 22, 1736 ; not mentioned in her father's will, prob ably died before that period. William Munroe m. Phebe . She d. Jan. 16, 1742, and he m. May 29, 1745, Mrs. Tabitha (Hobbs) Jones of Weston. He had six children by his first wife, and four by his last. He is fre quently denominated the black-smith, to distinguish him from others of the same name, one of whom was denominated the shoemaker, for the same reason. His will, dated March 26, 1777, and proved June 4, 1783, mentions wife Tabitha, dau. Phebe Caldwell, Dorcas Par ker, Bridget Max-w«ll,, Sarah Barker, Lucy Hobbs, and Susanna, and son Oliver. Phebe, b. AprU 28, 1726 ; m, Adam CaldweU of Bedford, Jonathan, b, April 1, 1729 ; d, June 17, 1739, ^William, b. May 12, 1730 ; not mentioned In his father's will. Edmund, b. May 3, 1732 ; d, AprU 4, 1735. Bridget, b. April 27, 1736; ra. Nov. 4, -1760, Hugh MaxweU, then both of Bedford. Susanna, b. ^ ; ra. April 27, 1780, Isaac Reed of Woburn. Hannah, b, Dec. 15, 1742 ; not mentioned in the will. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 151 77 787980 2-22- 22-81 82 83 8485868788 2-24- 24-«9 90 919293 949696 9798 99 4-27- Sarah, b. AprU iS, 1746 ; in. Barber, Oliver, b, Feb. 9, 1748; m. and lived in Wat., where he d. Dorcas, b, Nov. 14, 1760; m. Dec. 2, 1772, Ebenezer Parker, Lucy, b. Sept. 19, 1762 ; m. Nov. 24, 1774, Samuel Hobbs of "Weston, Jonas Munroe m. June 3, 1734, Joanna Locke, dau. of Joseph • and Margaret (Mead) Locke, b. Feb, 2, 1713. She d. Sept. 17, 1748, aged 36, and he m, about 1750, Rebecca Watts of Chelsea. He d. Nov, 9, 1765, and his wid. m. AprU 19, 1773, John Muzzy of Lex., grandson of the first settler, and his second wife. Jonas Mun roe was honored with the title oi Lieutenant. Jonas, b. Nov. 2, 1734 ; d. June 3, 1760. He was in the French war. •[John, b, Feb. 1, 1737 ; m. April 13, 1762, Lydia Bemis of Weston. \Stq)hen, b. Oct. 26, 1739 ; m. July 8, 1766, Nancy Perry of Wo. Jonathan, b. May 25, 1742 ; m. Abigail Kendall of Woburn. Joanna, b, April 12, 1747 ; m. July 9, 1771, John Adams. •[Ebenezer, b. April 29, 1762 ; ra. May 10, 1781. Lucy Sim&nda, Wo. Rebecca, b, June 17, 1765; m. May 22, 1777, John Muzzy, Jr. Martha, b, Sept. 12, 1758 ; d. at Ashburnham, 1793, tmm. Marrett Munroe m. AprU 17, 1737, Deliverance Parker, dan. of Lieut. Josiah Parker, b. May 18, 1721V .Iftle d. March 26, 1798, aged 85, and she d. Aug. 9, 1799, aged '78. His wUl, dated Feb. 18, 1789, and proved May 1, 1798, mentions wife Deliverance, sons Josiah, Nathan, and Thaddeus, and dau. Rachel, Mary Underwood, Bethia, Deliverance Winship, Elizabeth Buckman, and a child of dau. Ann Nurse, deceased. He was selectman, 1762, '63, '64, and '67 . He resided near the Common, on the place now Occupied by Mr. John Hudson. Rachel, b. Nov. 29, 1737 ; d. nnm. in Boston, where she lived. Josiah, b, June 29, 1742 ; d. June 12, 1743. '[Josiah, b. Feb. 12, 1745; m. Nov. 16, 1768, Susan Fitch of Bed. \Nathan, b. Aug. 9, 1747 ; m. Oct. 3, 1769, Elizabeth Harrington. Mary, b, March 3, 1749 ; m. March 21, l77l, Joseph Underwood. Bdhia, b, Jan. 22, 1753, lived at Bellows Falls ; d. unm., aged 93. Deliverance, b. July 22, 1755 ; m. John Winship. Anna, b. June 23, l768 ; m. Josiah Nurse of Framingham. Thaddeus, b. Oct. 26, 1760 ; traded in South Carolina, where he died, unmarried. John, b. and d. April 3, 1763. Elizabdh, b. Oct. 4, 1766; m. July 1, 1781, Jacob Buckman, father of Hon. Bowen Buckman, of Woburn, William MunrOe m. June 3, 1738, Sarah Mason, dau. of John and Elizabeth (Spring) Mason, b; June 7, 1714. She was ad. to the eh. May 4j 1735. It is stated, in a paper left by one of the family, that he had just been engaged as a committee man to enlarge the burying yard, and taking a sudden cold while haying in his ineaddw, he was attacked with a violent fever, which in a few days proved fatal ; and that he was the first to be laid in the new portion of the yard he had so recently procured. This account Is confirmed by his grave stone, which has this inscription : " William Munroe d. Aug. 18, 1747, aged 44 years. The first bnried in this (the new pdrtion) yard." She m. Feb, 27, 1763, Isaac Bowman, Esq., and d. April 13, 1785, aged 71. 152 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 27-100 101102103104 106 4-28- 4-29- 29-106 107108 4-32- 32-109 111113116 116 117 6-34- 34-118 119 \Edmund. b. Feb. 2, 1736 ; m. Aug. 31, 1768, Rebecca Harrington. Sarah, b. May 1, 1738; ra. Dec. 2, 1762, WiiUam Tidd of Lex. They moved to New Braintree, where they died. Catharine, b. Sept. 29, 1740; m. Nov. 22, 1764, Joseph Bowman of Lex. They moved to New Braintree. \WUliam, b. Oct. 28, 1742 ; he was twice married. Abigail, b. Feb. 24, 1744; ra. Daniel Spooner, Esq., of Hartland, Vt., where she d. 1846, at the remarkable age of 102 years, Nehemiah, b. July 1, 1747 ; m, Dec. 5, 1771, Avis Hammond. They moved to Roxbury, where he d. Aug. 2, 1828, aged 81. Thomas Munroe m, Elizabeth . He moved to Con., where his children were born. They had nine children. Thomas, his oldest son, b. May 4, 1731, m. for his second wife, Dec. 29, 1763, Mrs. Hepzibah Raymond of Lex., wid. of Jonathan Raymond. His second son, John, b. May 4, 1763, grad. H. C. 1751 ; studied divinity but was never ordained. He taught school In Con., and moved to Harvard in 1772, where he d. Thomas Munroe, the father, was a captain. David Munroe m.,Feb. 29, 1733, Abigail Wellington, dau. of Benjamin and Lydia (Brown) Wellington, b. July 14, 1716. He was a member of Capt. Blodgett's company, which marched to the reUef of Fort William-Henry, in 1767. He was also in the French war in 1760, and was a corporal. He d. June 13, 1764, aged 66. David, b, 1734; m. Oct. 17, 1765, Elizabeth Foye of Charlestown. Benjamin, bap. Sept. 12, 1736 ; d. in Stow, without issue. Abraham, b. Aug. 14, 1738; ra. Lois Chapen of Stow. He was a lieutenant in the French war. He afterward raoved to Northboro', where he kept a public house. Philip Munroe m. Mary . They o. c. Nov. 16, 1740, when their oldest child was bap. They had six children in Lex,, and moved to Shrewsbury, where their last three children were bap. The Shrewsbury ch. record says, " they being in covenant relations with the ch. In Lex." Mary, b. Dec. 4, 1740 ; d. young. 110 Lois, b. Dec. 11, 1742, Jonathan, b, Dec. 28, 1744, ' 112 Prudence, bap. May 27, 1747. Mary, bap. April 10, 1757. 114 Lemuel, bap. March 4, 1769. Abraham, bap. at Shrewsburj', ) ^ j. » -[VR^ Abigail, " " ^ P • ' Sarah, bap. " Oct. 14, 1764. William Munroe m. May 6, 1736, Rebecca Locke, dau, of James and Sarah (Cutter) Locke, b, Nov, 11, 1711. He was kUled July 10, 1778, by a cart falling upon him, aged 78, His wid, d, Nov, 19, 1798, aged 87. Her thirds were distributed, in 1799, to James," Philemon, WilUam, and the heirs of Isaac, deceased. James, b, Dec, 12, 1735 ; m, Aug. 18, 1763, Lncy Watson of Camb. She d, July 10, 1783, and he m. Mrs. Sarah Hancock. He resided in Calnb., where he was a deacon, and d. 1804. He was appointed armorer by the Provincial congress in 1776, and acted in that capacity for some time. He was a blacksmlth^by trade. Isaac, b, Sept. 11, 1737. He m. Dec. 25, 1760, Mary Hutchinson of Charlestown. She d. and he m. June 16, 1791, Mrs. Lydia Caldwell of Wo. He resided in West Camb., and was deacon of GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 153 120 121122 123124126126127 6-38- 38-128 129 130 6-39- -132 133 134 135136 6-40- 40-137 139140 the Baptist church there. He d. July 17, 1791, from the sting of a bee, leaving his second wife for the second time a widow, after a marriage of twenty-one days. Asa, b. Dec. 29, 1739 ; d. Feb. 20, 1826, aged 86, unm. He was in the battle of Lex., being a member of Parker's company. He was in the campaign at White Plains, in 1776. Bebecca, b, Jan. 12, 1742; d. unm. Sept. 6. 1767, aged 26. Lydia, b. Feb. 21, 1744; ra. June 23, .1768, Phinehas Parker of Reading, afterwards of PeppereU; d. 1781, without issue. Amos, b. May 31, 1746 ; d. July 5, 1766. Mary, b, Oct. 10, 1748; m. 1772, Samuel Sanderson, and d. Oct. . 15, 1862, at the remarkable age of 104 years, 5 days. Hannah, b. Sept. 26, 1751 ; m. Jan. 4, 1774, William Porter. ^Philemon, b. Oct. 20, 1753 ; he was twice married. iWilliam, b, Aug. 29, 1766; m. Abigail Harrington.' George Munroe m. Nov. 25, 1731, Sarah Phipps. He d. June 24, 1743, aged 37. His wid., Sarah, administered upon his estate. Timothy Wellington was appointed, March 7, 1747, guardian of Timothy, Thaddeus, and Elizabeth, under fourteen years of age, and of George, fifteen years of age. ^George, bap. May 13, 1733 ; m. Anna Bemis. {Timothy, bap. April 20, 1736 ; settled in Lynn. Thaddeus, bap. Aug. 20, 1738. 131 Elizabeth, bap. Mar. 23, 174Q. Robert Munroe m. July 28, 1737, Anne Stone, dau. of John and Mary (Reed) Stone. He was a soldier in the French war, was the standard bearer at the taking of Louisburg, in 1758, and was also In the service in 1762. Having served the colonies against the French and Indians, we might naturally suppose that he would be true to the family instinct, and to the calls of patriotism in defending the colonies against any other foe. And so he was. Being the en sign of Parker's gallant co., he was on the Common on the 19th of April, 1776, and stood manfully at his post; and fell, one of the first victims of British oppression, on the very field -where he was_ posted by his gaUant commander. He was In the 64th year of his age at the time of his death. Ebenezer, b, Feb. 5, 1737 ; d. June 25, 1740. Anna, b. Aug. 13, 1740 ; m. May 8, 1760, Daniel Harrington. Ruth, b. July 26, 1742 ; in. Jan. 9, 1766, WUliam Tidd, who was lieutenant in Capt. Parker's co,, and was wounded in the battle of Lexington. ^Ebenezer, b. Nov. 15, 1744; m. May 2, 1771, Martha Smith. ^John, b. June 15, 1748; m. Dec. 3, 1772, Rebecca Wellington. Samuel Munroe m. Abigail . There is no record of his family except Jonathan ; but there are indications on the records of his having other children. I set down the foUowing as the most probable. He was in the service five months at Ticonderoga. in 1776, and three months at Dorchester, the same year. He probably moved to Townsend, about 1780. John, b. . 138 Jonathan, b. July 15, 1759. Eunice, b. ; m. first, Thaddeus Winship, and second, Eben ezer Steadman. Levi, b, Feb. 21, 1771. 154 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 6-41- 41-141 142 6-44- 44-143 144 145146147148149150 6-47- 47-161 163 13-48- 19-72- 22-82- Andrew Munroe m. May 26, 1763, Mrs, Maiy (Mixer) Si monds, wid, of Daniel Simonds, He was in the French war, in 1758, '69, and '60. He d, Sept. 15, 1766, and his wid. settled his estate. Andrew, b. March 13, 1764. Ishmael, b, Oct. 9, 1766, after the death of his father. This was the second posthumous child his mother had, — one by each husband. He m. Feb. 27, 1794, Elizabeth SkiUon, both of Woburn. Jedediah Munroe m. Abigail Loring, dan. of Joseph and Lydia (Fiske) Loring. She was a twin with Mary, and a sister of Dea. Joseph Loring. He was a member of Capt, Parker's co,, and rallied with his townsmen In defence of freedom on the 19th of April, 1775. He was wounded in the morning ; but his devotion to the cause was too deep-seated to be quenched by the first flow of blood. He marched with the co, toward Con, to meet the British on their re treat, and was killed in the afternoon, aged 54. Danid, h. Sept. 29, 1744 ; m. Abigail Parker of Roxbury, where he lived and died. . Jedediah, b, ; ra. Sarah Parker, and lived in Boston. Solomon, b. '¦_ — ; m. and lived In Boston, ^Joseph, bapv Dec. 4, 1757; m. July 22, 1783, Bhoda Leath of Wobarn. DoUy, bap. March 30, 1760; d, unm, ^. - SleZi *'''°'' ^^^- "^"'^ ^' "^*' \ A. yonng. Elizabeth, b. ; m. March 23, 1789, Abel Walker of Wobnm. John Munroe m. Dec. 23, 1747, Anna Kendall of Wo. He marched to the relief of Fort William-Henry, 1767. He was a mem ber of Capt. Parker's company, and took part in the affairs on the 19th of April, marched to Cambridge with the company on the day of the battle of Bunker Hill, and was in the campaign, in 1776, In the Jerseys, They were ad. to the ch. in Lexington on confession, in 1757. He probably resided in Wo. a portion of his life. 152 Sarah, bap. July 21, 1767. 154 Lydia, bap. July 22, 1767. b. Nov, 18, 1759. John, bap. July 21, 1767. Joseph MuSroe m. Hannah , He was in the French war, 1755, He moved toConcord, and resided in that part of the town which was set off to forni the town of Carlisle, and was one of the members of the ch, organized there in 1781, He had a family of six children, b. between 1742 and 1766, who settled in Carlisle and Acton ; except Josepli, who settled as a physician at Hlllsboro', N. H., and d. Feb. 24, 1798. William Munroe d. 1765, aged 25 years, probably unm. His will, dated AprU 4, 1765, and proved Oct. 13, 1756, mentions brother- in-law Adam CaldweU of Bedford, and sisters Bridget and Hannah. He was a sergeant in the French war, in 1764 and 1766, John Munroe m. April 13, 1762, Lydia Bemis of Weston, dau, of John and Hannah Bemis. He was a member of the Lex. company in 1776. The record of his family is extremely defective. We find the mention of only one child, though he may have had more. He marched to Cambridge on the 17th bf June, 1776. GENEALOGICAL- REGISTER. U5 82-156 22-83- 83-156 167158 169 22-86- 88-160 162164 166 2.4-9.1- Lydim,ba.Tf, May 17, 1767; m. Jan. 16, 1783, Jonathan Page of Lincoln. He afterwards resided in Charlestown, where he kept a tavern of some note. He rose to the rank of colonel in the militia ; and during the war of 1812 was stationed In Boston Harbor, and superintehded the erection of some of the fortifications. Stephen Munroe m. July 8, 1766, Nancy Perry of Wo. He was in the French war, 1762, was in the battle of Lex. 1775, and marched to Camb. on the 17th of June, at the time of the battle of Bunker HiU. He perhaps resided for a time in Wo. ; also in the State of Maine. He d. July 30, 1826, aged 87; Nancy, b. - Stephen, b, Joanna, b, - James, b. - ; m. : Caldwell of Woburn. — ; r. in Concord. — ; m. Daniel Russell. ; he was feeble-minded. He was an inmate of the almshouse, and disappeared mysteriously, leading to the suspicion that he might have been murdered. Human bones were found in the woods some twelve months afterwards, supposed to be his. The mystery was never revealed. Ebenezer Munroe. m. May 10, 1781, Lucy Simonds of Wo. He was a member of the Lex. minute men, and ready on the 19th of April to do battle in freedom's cause. He was wounded in the elbow in the rabming, but mounted his horse and rode from town to town, alarming the people and rousing them to action, until quite exhausted by the loss of blood. He claimed to have, fired the first gun on the American side. That he did return the fire is abundantly proved by the testimony of others. His own account is as follows : " After the first fire (of the regulars) I received" a wound In my arm ; as I turned to run, I discharged ray gun into the raain body of the enemy. An other ball passed between my arm and my body, and just marked my clothes ; one ball cut off a part of my ear locks, which were pinned up. The balls flew so thick, I thought there was no chance of escape. and that I inight as well fire my gun, as stand still and do nothing." Deposition taken April 2, 1825. Ebenezer Munroe performed other duties in the Revolution, being one of the number who joined in the campaign In the Jerseys In 1776. He moved to Ashburnham soon after the close of the war, where he was a lieutenant and a respectable citizen. He d. at Ashburnham 1825, and his wid. m. John Adams as his second wife. Ebenezer Munroe was half-brother to Mr. Adams's first Tvlfie. Mr. Adiam* spent his youth in West Camb., went to Ashburnham previo.«iis to the Revolution, lived there till he was nearly 100, when he -went to live with a son In Penn., and d. 1849, aged 104 years, 1 mo.; 5 days. He retained his faculties to the last, and Is said to have madle a pair of shoes the day he was 104. Charles, b, - Ebenezer, b. John, b, Herrick, b. ¦ 161 Lucy,.b, — 163 Jonas, b, - 165 Rebecca, b. Josiah Munroe m. Nov. 16, 1768, Susan FItoh of Bed. He was In the French war in 1762. He also served three months in the Jerseys, in 1776, He then entered the Continental Line, and served two and a half years. After the close of the war he drew land In what was afterward Ohiot He settled in Marietta in that State, where 156 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 24-92- 92-167 168169170171172173 174175 176 27-100- he was for a time post-master. He had at least one child b. in Lex. viz., Susanna, bap. Nov. 10, 1771. They had another dau, and a son b. in Bedford, before he inoved to Ohio. Nathan Munroe m. Oct. 3, 1769, Elizabeth Harrington, dau. of Henry and Sarah (Laughton) Harrington, b. Sept. 17, 1750. He was a member of Parker's minute men, and took part In the battle of Lex. in 1776. He resided on Monument street, where Mr. John Hudson now resides. His house received several balls, which were taken out subsequently, when the house was repaired. She d. Dec. 24, 1812. Dolly, b, Nov. 18, 1769; m. Jan. 28, 1788, Elijah Pierce. Ardhusa, b. Mar. 10. 1773; m. June 20, 1793, WllUara Fox of Wo. Bdsey, b. April 6, 1776 ; m. March 20, 1798, Munson Johnson. John, b. June 16, 1778 ; m. a Macy in Nantucket, and r. there. •[Natha,n, b. Oct. 23, 1780 ; ra. Susanna Loring. •[Jonathan, b. May 26, 1783 ; m. Feb. 13, 1812. Rhoda Johnson. Polly, b, March 11, 1786 ; m. June 13, 1811, Thomas HunneweU of Charlestown. Dorcas, b. March 31, 1788 ; m. Nov. 29, 1810, Leonard Brown. Thaddeus, b. Sept. 14, 1790 ; r. at Quincy, III. Harris, b. May 29, 1793 ; d. in Dedham, 1829. Edmu]S(d Munroe m. Aug. 31, 1768, Rebecca Harrington, dau. of Jonathan and Abigail Harrington, b. Feb. 17, 1761. She was sister to Jonathan Harrington, who d. 1854, the last survivor of the battle of Lex. Edmund Munroe was distinguished as a military man Entering the Provincial service at an early age, he was pro moted to an ensign in a corps of rangers commanded by Maj. Rogers, which performed signal service in the French war. In 1761, he was acting adjutant in Col. Hoar's regiment at Crown Point. In 1762, he received a commis,rU 11, 1884, from 78 158 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 100-177 178179180 181 27-103- 103-182 183184 185186187 34-126- whlch we extract the following : " The worthy lady who is the sub ject of this notice, with other families in Lexington, fled on the 19th of April, 1776, with their children, to the woods, while their husbands were engaged with the enemy, and their houses were sacked or in volved in flames. Her husband was killed at Monmouth In New Jersey, June 28, 1778. On his bereaved partner, in the midst of discouragement, sorrows, and the privations of the times, devolved the task of rearing an Infant family. The long life of this venerable lady was a pattern of domestic duties and virtue." Pamdia, b. Sept. 17, 1769 ; d. Sept. 29, 1770. Bebecca, b, June 27, 1771 ; m. 1796, Fessenden. Pamdia, b, Sept. 20, 1773; m. Jan. 19, 1800, James Brown. Edmund, b. Oct. 13, 1775 ; was a printer by trade, established him self In Boston, and was one of the publishing house of Munroe and Francis, and d. in Bo.ston, unm., Feb, 9, 1854, aged 79. Abigail, b. Dec, 6, 1777 ; m. June 24, 1801, Joseph Locke, Jr, She d. May 14, 1838, aged 60, They resided at West Camb., and had eight children. William Munroe m. Anna Smith, dau. of Benjamin and Anna (Parker). Smith, b. March 31, 1743. She d. Jan. 2, 1781, aged 38, and he ra. wid. Polly Rogers of Westford, whose first husband was killed at the Battle of Monmouth by the bursting of a cannon. Wil liam Munroe was orderly sergeant of Capt. Parker's co. In 1776 ; it was under his direction that a guard was posted at Mr. Clarke's house, on the evening of the 18th of April, 1776 ; and he paraded the men on the Common the next morning, in the very face of the British troops. The services he performed at the opening of the Revolution, were followed up by other services in the prog^ess of the war. He was a lieutenant in the Northern army at the taking of Burgoyne, in 1777. He was a ^eminent citizen, and filled impor tant town offices. He was selectman nine years, and represented the town two years. He was a colonel in the militia, and marched towards Springfield daring Shay's RebelUon; but the dispersion of the Insurgents enabled him to return In a short time. Col. Munroe kept the public house, long known as the " Munroe Tavern." Here the British regaled themselves, and committed many outrages on the 1 9th of April ; here they shot down in cold blood John Raymond, who was about leaving the house ; and here General Washington dined in 1789, when he visited the first battle field of the Revolution. Col. Munroe's portrait will be seen on the opposite page. He d. Oct. 30, 1827, aged 85 ; she d. Jan. 10, 1829, aged 73. William, b. May 28, 1768 ; m. Susan B. GrInneU of New Bedford. He was killed at Bichmond, Va., by the upsetting of a stage, a in 1814. • Anna, b. May 9, 1771 ; m. Sept. 20, 1798, Rev. WiUiam Muzzy of Sullivan, N. H., and d. in Lex. 1860, aged 70. Sarah, b. Oct, 21, 1773 ; m, Jonathan Wheelock of Con,, and d. aged about 77. Lucinda, b, April 9, 1776 ; d. unm. June 2, 1863, aged 87, •[Jonas, b, June 11, 1778; m, March 17, 1814, AbigaU C. Smith, Edmund, b, Oct. 29, 1780 ; m. first, Harriet Downes, second, Lydia Downes, third, Sophia SewaU. He was a broker in Boston, and d. AprU 17, 1866. Philemon Munroe m. Feb. 17, 1784, Elizabeth Waite of Mai den, b. Feb. 1756, and d. April 13, 1785. He m. second, Sept. 13, M^*f .®m.wimmm mira^(i[ GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 159 126-188 189190 191 192 193 194195 34-127- 127-196 197198 199 200201 202 203 38-128- 128-206 206207208 209 38-129- 1786, Rhoda Mead, b. July 8, 1768, who d. Jan. 18, 1824. Phile mon Munroe was one of the heroic band who refused to disperse at the bidding of Maj. Pitcairn, on the 19th of April, — "not being afraid of the king's commandment," Ho had two children (twins), by his first wife, and six by his last. He d, Oct. 17, 1806, aged 53. Thomas, b. March 30, 1785. He m. March 30, 1804, Elizabeth Jewett of Littleton. She d. Nov. 23, 1848, aged 63, and he m. Aug. 26, 1849, wid. Matilda (Jewett) Conant. His wives were sisters, and dau. of Joseph Jewett of Littleton! Mr. Munroe resided in Lex., Milton, and Dorchester, and then moved to Nashua, N. H., where he filled many important town offices, as well as those of notary and justice of the peace. EUzabeth, b, March 30, 1786 ; ra. AprU 24, 1804, Isaac Reed. Edwin, b. AprU 3, 1788 ; m. Eliza Fowle, dan. of Henry and Re becca Fowle of Med. They have resided in Lex., Med., Saugus, Charlestown, and Somerville. Josiah, b. Nov. 25, 1789 ; d. Aug, 20, 1837, unm, Calharine, b. July 24, 1791 ; m. Ira Thorp of Athol. Pamdl, b, Nov, 27, 1793 ; d. 1821, aged 28. Charles, b. May 12, 1796 ; m, Maria Russell, r. at Somerville. H. G. Otis,b. Nov. 29, 1798; m. Dec. 12, 1822, Sophia Harrington. They reside in Boston, where he does business. William Munroe m. 1781, Abigail Harrington, dau. of John and Mary (Wooton) Harrington. He d. April 30, 1837, aged '80 ; she d. Nov. 1, 1811. Susan, b. Oct. 19, 1781 ; m. 1801, Nathan B. Foster. William, b. May 18, 1785; ra. Oct. 11, 1813, Lucy Frost. He moved to that part of Charlestown which is now Somerville, Enoch, b. Sept, 9, 1787 ; d. May 18, 1814, in Boston, aged 26, Sarah, b, Nov. 1789 ; ra. Jesse Russell ; r. in Woburn. Esther, b. 1792 ; d. in Belfast, Me., 1811, aged 19. Her death was caused by her clothes taking fire. Hannah, b. 1794 ; d. 1819, unm. Louisa, b. 1796; m. Nov. 13, 1826, Thomas J. Buckman of Lynn. Mary, b. 1798. 204 Harrid, b. 1806 ; d. 1822. George Munroe m. Anna Bemis. She d. Mar. 8, 1816, aged 78. Anna, bap. May 13, 1769 ; m. Sampson. \Thaddeus, b. AprU 26, 1762; m. Oct. 1, 1820, Rebecca Locke, and d. 1846, aged 84. AbigaU, bap. July 26, 1767 ; m. June 8, 1788, Joseph Blodgett. Hannah, bap. March 24, 1772 ^ m. Bela Rice, Hepzibah, bap. Sept. 17, 1775 ; m. AprU 24, 1791, Joshua Wyman. He d. and she m. Daniels. Timothy Munroe m. Eaton of Reading. He probably moved to Lynn or Danvers, where he had a family of children, who settled in that neighborhood,- He marched with the Danvers com pany on the 19th of April, 1776, met the British at West Cambridge, where he and others were surrounded, when several of his com rades were killed, and he escaped with a ball in his thigh which he carried through life, and his garments riddled with buUet holes. He d. at Lynn, 1808^ aged 72. MO HISTORY OF LiEXINGTON, 39-136- ,135-310 211 212213 39-136- 136-214 ' 215 . .216 217 44-146- 146-218 219 220 221222223 -171- 171-224 225 226 227 92-172- 172^228 229, 230 231 Ubenezek Munroe rm. March 29, 1771, Martha Smith, dau. of Benjamin and Anna (Parker) Smith, b. April 19, 1746. He was enrolled with Parker's patriots, and was in the battle of Lexington, in 1775, and was also in the campaign In the Jerseys, in 1776. He d. Au^. 22, 1826, aged '82; she d, Oct. 13, 1834, .aged 86. Patty, \), Feb. 19, 1772 ; m. Dec. 25, 1804, Isaac Pierce of Walt. Ebenezer, b. Feb. 2, 1777 ; d. June 6, 1798, aged 21 years. Esther, b, Oct. 1783 ; ra. Jan. 19, 1806, David Tuttle ; d. Oct. 14, 1809. \John, b. April 28, 1785; m. Charlotte Bacon. John Munroe m. Dec. 3, 1772, Rebecca WelUngton, dau. of Thomas and Margaret, of Waltham. Like raost of the young men of that day, he was one of the Lex. minute-men, and did service on the 19th of AprU, 1775.' He lived on Woburn street. He d. April 4, 1831, aged 82; .she d. Feb. 16, 1838,, aged .90, b. July 31, 1773 ; m. Daniel Mixer ©f Walt,, wbtere they resided for a time, when 'they moved to Worcester. He d. and she returned to Lex. and m. AprU 4, 1793, Tliomas Winsihip as a second wife. She d. 1789. Bebecca, b. May 30, 1776 ; m. Feb. 1, 1796, Jonathan 'Whittemore of West Cambridge. Mary, b. Aug. 30, 1779 ; m. Sept. -2, 1802, Seneca Harrington of Worcester. She was a wid. in PeppereU, 1868. ¦Philena, b. May 27, 1782 ; m. Feb, 2, 1804, David Johnson. She is living In Lex., at the age of 86. Joseph Munroe m. July 22, 1783, Rhoda Leathe of Wo. He resided on Woburn street, easterly of Col. Kussell's. 'She d. Jan. 2, 1825 ; be d. Sept. 22, 1832, aged 74. Rhoda, b. Dec. 24, 1784 ; m. Cobbett. Seth, b. April 18, 1788. Lydia, b. May 19, 1791; ra. April 11, 1811, Joel Gleason of Bed. Jeptha, b, June 15, 1793 ; resided In Woburn. Dennis, b. Jan. 2-2, 1797 ; m. EUzabeth Fox. Lavinia, b, March 11, 1806. Nathan Munroe m. Susanna Loring. He d. in Concord, where be then resided. Elbridge, b. July 28, 1-804, :at Lexingtom, Nathan, "b, .Inly 28, 1808, at Concord. Jonas Clarke, b. Sept. 22, 1812, at Lincoln. James, 'b, Feb. 27, 1817, at Concord. Jonathan Munroe m. Feb, 13, 1812, Bihoda Johnson, dau. of Frederick and Rhoda (Reed) Johnson. She d. July 19, 1866, aged 72 ; he d. Dec. 4, 1867, aged 85. WUliam, b, Dec 17, 1812 ; ra. Deo. 1846, Elvira Merriam of Con., dau. of Joseph Merriam. They r. at SonthbrJdge. Elizabeth, b, March 21, 1814 ; m. -June 7, 1839,, Frauds ijohnson of ¦V^o. now Winchester, wher« .tJiey reside. Josiah, h. Oct. 21, 1818; jn. Oct. 10, 1847, Adeline Dodge of Bos ton. They reside in Roxbury. Faustina, b. Feb. 1, 1821 ; m. June 12, 1859i EredeirioklStimpson. LU o Q O GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 161 232233 103-186- 186-234 235236 237 128-206- 206-238 239 135-213- 213-240 241242 243 244 245246 247 186-237- 237-248 260 206-238- 238-251 '253 254 213-243- 243-256 Albert, b. May '2, 1824 ; m. April 12, 1860, Elizabeth MUlet of Wo. JuUa Maria, b, Dec. 31, 1832 ; d. Sept. 25, 1833. Jonas Munroe m. March 17, 1814, Abigail C. Smith, dau. of Joseph and Lucy (Stone) Smith. He was a lieutenant In United States dragoons, in 1807, resigned his commission, and on the breaking out of the war of 1812, was commissioned as lieutenant of infantry, and was engaged Tor a short time in the recruiting service. He was drowned at Somerville, while bathing, Jnly 2, i860, aged 82. His wid. d. April 4, 1861, aged 68. He kept the " Mnnroe Tavern " and was extensively and favorably known to the traveling public. William. Henry, b. Mar. 2, 1816. He is doing business in PhUad. Harrid, b, NoV. 25, 1816 ; is now living, unm. Abby Smith, h, Aug. 28, 181« ; d. Dec. 21, 1822. ^Janves S,, b, June 6, 1824; m. Alice B. Phinney. Thaddeus Munroe m, Oct. 1, 1820, Rebecca Locke, dan. of Thomas and Lydia (Reed) Locke. He d. April 7, 1846, aged 84, and she d. July 23, 1846. He was a large landholder. ^George, b. !Feb. '25, 1822. He lias been twice married. Ann Rebecca^h. July 10, 1825; m. March 19, 1846, Jolin M. Ran dall, a la'Wyer, settled at Wtfbnrn. He is not living. John Munroe m. Dec. 11, 1811, Charlotte Bacon of Wo. He d. Feb. 17, 1865, -ag«d 79. She is living, in her seventy-sixth year. John Harrison, h. June 3, 1813. He r. at Fall River, Charles Henry, b. Aug. 10, 1814 ; d. at Buffalo, July 17, 1850. Harriet^ b. A^rU 29, 1816 ; d, Feb. 2, 1836. ^Ebenezer, b, Dec. 3, 1817 ; ro. Margaret M. WUson. Jonas, b. Sept. 10, 1819 ; .d. Aug. 16, 1843. Lavinia, b. Oct. 16, 1821 ; m. A.j)ril 4, 1839, Galen Allen. She d. April 22, 1866, and he d. Jan. 29, 1864. Oliver., b, AprU 10, 1825 ; d. May 4, 1867, CA . Loring 'W., b. in Lex. Aug. 28, 1831, He entered the service In 1861, in the 12th Regt., promoted to Quartermaster, May, 1862 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 167 798081 3-68- to captain and commissary of subsistence, March, 1864 — and to major and commissary of subsistence, July, 1866. David Wood, b. July 10, 1833; m. Dec. 13, 1860, AnnaW. Saville, dau. of David and Anna Saville. They have one child, viz., Ben jamin, b, Sept. 19, 1866. George Eveldh, b. Aug. 4, 1838. He entered the 12th Regt. Mass. Vols. 1861, was appointed quartermaster-sergeant 1862, promoted to first lieutenant, 1863, and quartermaster, 1864. Benjamin Lyman, b. Nov. 14, 1840 ; d. March 13, 1866. The three sons living are engaged In business In Boston. Charles Muzzy m. Feb. 3-, 1827, Sarah Oakes of Maiden. He was a trader, and moved to Philadelphia In 1829, and came back to West Camb. In 1834, where he was In trade at the " Foot of the Rocks," for several years, when he moved to Charlestown. In 1863, his health declining, he came to Lex., In hopes of recovery, but d; Aug. 27, 1853. They had but one child, Sarah Elizabeth, b. In Phil. June 6, 1834. She ra. in Lex. April 6, 1865, George Tuttle, who d. Jan. 27, 1856, within a year of his marriage. NASH. — Joseph Nash, of Weymouth, had among other chUdren Joseph, who ra. Eunice Ford, and had James, Joseph, Nathaniel, Charles, Atherton, and Gran, and several daughters. Oran Nash, the youngest son of .loseph and Eunice, b. March 19, 1806, m. Oct. 12, 1822, Lucy Cushing of Weymouth, dau. of Samuel and Elizabeth. They resided In Boston, where all their children but the youngest were born. They came to Lex. 1835. They have had five children, viz. Emeline Augusta, b, April 11, 1827 ; Elizabdh, b. AprU 7, 1829, d. 1830; Howard A., b. July 18, 1831, m. EUzabeth Sutton, r. at Cincinnati, Ohio ; Rowena, b. Dec. 30, 1833 ; EUen Louisa, b. in Lex. Oct. 20, 1840. THE NELSON FAMILY. The name of Nelson appears first upon our records in 1722, when Tabitha Nelson, wife of Thomas, was ad. to the ch. In 1724, Thomas was chosen to a subordinate town office, which shows that he was an inhabitant of the town at that time ; in 1730, he had a seat assigned In the meeting house, and In 1743, he was constable. He resided on the road to Concord, above what Is now known as the old Viles Tavern, near what was then the line of Concord. When the town of Lincoln was created, In 1754, he and others were taken from Lex, to constitute that town. The Nelsons of Lincoln are from that stock. They were connected by marriage with the Hastings of Lex. The children of Thomas and Tabitha were Thomas and Tabitha, twins, b, Dec. 19, 1721, and Josiah, bap. in 1726. Thomas Nelson first named was b, in Rowley, 1685 ; he was son of Thomas, b, in Rowley, 1661 ; who was son of Thomas, b. in Eng., who came over with his father, Thomas, in 1638, and settled in Rowley, THE NORCROSS FAMILY. Jeremiah Norcross, who settled in Wat. as early as 1642, had Richard, who by wife Mary had Nathanid, b, 1665, who m. Mehita bel Hager, and had a son bearing his own name. This Nathanid, 168 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 4 b. 1696, m. 1717, Jemima Abbott, and had among other chUdren, Josiah, b. 1734, ra. Jan. 6, 1764, Elizabeth Child. They both died 1801. They had nine children. John, their sixth child, b. May, 1771. m. Margaret Everett. He d. 1823, and she d, 1843, They had Eliza, b. 1798, d, young; John, b. 1801, d. young; John, b, Sept. 28, 1803 ; Anna M., b, 1805, m, John English of Boston, John Norcross, son of John and Margaret, m, April 22, 1826, Eleanor Estabrook, dau. of Eliakim and Hannah Estabrook. He came to Lex. In 1846, and has been to the present day depot-master at East Lexington, — a term of service which furnishes the best evi dence of his fitness and fidelity, Eleanor M,, b. Jan. 13, 1827 ; m. Dec. 14, 1848, James Prentice of West Cambridge. Eliza J, b, July 27, 1830; m. 1856, Leroy ChappeU. Samud T., b. Sept. 6, 1834. He was residing at the West, where he had accumulated some property. His health failing, he had converted his property into money and started, in a weak and enfeebled condition, for home. A villain, who had learned the facts in the case, ingratiated himself into his favor, and volunteered to become his protector ; and when the train had arrived at a sta tion in Altona, Pa., in the night time, he induced Norcross to leave the car and go with hira, promising to conduct him to good quar ters for the night ; and when he had enticed him to a place of seclusion, he basely murdered him, Jan. 16, 1857, The murderer was ultimately arrested, tried, and executed. John Henry, b. Oct. 29, 1841 ; m. June 6, 1866, Cynthia J, "White of Medford, where they reside. THE NUTTING FAMILY, There was a famUy of Nuttings in Camb. Farms about the time the parish was organized. Ebenezer Nutting was taxed in the parish In 1693, He and his -wife owned the covenant in June, 1699, when Jonathan, Lydia, and Sarah, their children, were bap, Ebenezer and James, also chUdren of Ebenezer, were bap. May 30, 1703. After this the name disappears on our records. OVERING.— In 1729, John Overing of Boston, bought of WiUiam RusseU of Lex., for £ 308, a tract of fifty-one acres of land, with buUdings thereon, bounded on land of Jason and Philip Russell and Joseph Mason. In 1735 and 1737, he sold lands to Dea. Joseph Brown, and in 1738, he bought lands in Lex. of David Comee. John Overing of Lex. was probably a son of John Overing, Esq., of Boston. He probably came to Lex. about 1730. He must have been a man of some pretension, for in 1735 he was taxed in town for three houses, two slaves, three cows, and two horses, besides other personal and real estate. He probably left town about 1740. We find no records of his family, though he probably had one. We have a record of the death of three of the name, who were probably his children, or perhaps one of them was his wife. Henry Overing, d, Aug, 6, 1738; Henrietta Overing, d. Sept, 13, 1738; George Overing, A. Sept. 17,1738. 1- 23 4 68 10 11 12 1-3- 3-13 1416171819 20 11-12- GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 169 THE PARKER FAMILY. Parker has always been a common name in New England. Emi grants of that name were found in most of the early settlements. The oft repeated fiction of three brothers coming over and settling In three different towns, will not meet the present case ; for we find Abraham and Amariah and Edmund and George and Jacob and James and Joseph and Matthew and Nicholas and Robert and Thomas and two or more Williams and as many Johns, appearing in nearly as many of the different settlements at an early day. This name has been common In Reading, Groton, Billerica, "Woburn, and other towns In this vicinity. But it is believed that the Lexington Parkers are the descendants of Thomas Parker of Lynn, who was made freeman in 1637. He embarked at London, March 11, 1636, and settled In Lynn the same year. He moved to Reading, wherp he aided In establishing a church, of which he was a deacon. He had by his wife. Amy, a family of eleven children. He d. 1683, aged 74 years, and conse quently must have been born in 1609. She d. Jan. 15, 1690. Thomas, b. 1636 ; d. June 9, 1699. •[Eananiah, b, 1638; d. March 10, 1724, aged 86. John, b. 1640 ; d. Feb. 28, 1699. 5 Joseph, b. 1642, d. 1644. Joseph, b. 1645 ; d. 1646. 7 Mary, b, March 12, 1647. Martha, b, March 14, 1649. 9 Nathanid, b. May 16, 1661. Sarah, b. Sept. 30, 1653 ; d. Oct. 16, 1666. Jonathan, b. May 18, 1656 ; m. Sept. 24, 1677, Bethia Polly, and had fourteen children. Sarah, b. May 23, 1658, Hananiah Parker ra. Sept. 30, 1663, Elizabeth Brown. She d. 1698, and he ra. second, Mrs. Mary Bright, widow of Dea. John of Wat. He d. March 10, 1724 ; she d. Jan. 4, 1736, aged 87. He lived and died In Reading, and had the honorable title (X Lieutenant. \John, b. Ang. 3, 1664 ; ra. Deliverance . Samuel, b, Oct. 24, 1666. 15 Elizabdh, b, June, 1668. Sarah, b, Feb, 6, 1672 ; d. Oct, 2, 1673. Hananiah, b. Nov. 2, 1674; d. Oct. 2, 1675. Ebenezer, b. Feb. 13, 1676 ; ra. Rebecca . Mary, b. ; ra. Poole. Hananiah, b, AprU 30, 1681. John Parker m. 1689, Deliverance . They came to Lex. about 1712, and settled in the south part of the town. By a deed, dated June 25, 1712, John Cutler sold to John Parker, then of Reading, land at Camb. Farms, containing " one small mansion house and sixty acres of land, bounded southerly on Watertown line," elsewhere by Daniel White, John Stone, and Thomas Cutler. He was chosen fence viewer in 1714, and tythingman in 1716 and 1721. He must have been a man of dignity of character; for in seating the meeting house, 1731, where they had reference to age, honor, and property, they placed him in the second seat below, with Ensign John Mason, Thomas Mead, and other highly respectable citizens. She d. March 10, 1718, and he d. June 22, 1741, aged 78. There is scarcely a prominent family in Lex. whose record in every period of its history is so incomplete. This accounts for any inac curacy, if any ^ould be found. 170 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 13-21 2223 24 25 13-22- 22-26 27282930 3132 33 3436 3637 39 40 41 4243 4446 Hananiah, b. Oct. 10, 1691 ; d. at Port Royal, 1711. ^Andrew, b, Feb. 14, 1693 ; ra. Aug. 2, 1720, Sarah "Whitney. ^Josiah, b. AprU 11, 1694; m. Dec. 8, 1718, Anna Stone. Mary, b. Dec. 4, 1695. Eddie, b, Aug. 19, 1697 ; d. 1709. These births are recorded in Reading, where they occurred, and are also found on the Lex. records. Andre-w Parker m. Aug. 2, 1720, Sarah "Whitney, dau, of Josiah Whitney, b, April, 1703, Nov. 4, 1724, they made their peace with the ch., when three of their children were bap. They were ad. to the ch. 1728. She d. Dec. 18, 1774, aged 70, and he d. AprU 8, 1776, aged 83. Sarah, b. Feb. 9, 1721; ra. June 21, 1739, Jabez KendaU. ^Jonas, b. Feb. 6, 1722 ; ra. Lucy . \Amos, b. July 27, 1723 ; ra. Anna , Elizabdh, bap. Aug. 22, 1725 ; d. young. •[Thomas, bap. Dec. 24, 1727 ; ra. Jane Parrott of Bil. Mar, 8, 1750, AbigaU, bap. July 27, 1729. Lucy, bap, April 4, 1731 ; ra. May 24, 1760, Joshua Mead. Elizabdh, bap. June 22, 1735. •[Andrew, bap. AprU 16, 1738; m. Nov. 29, 1759, AbigaU Jennison of Weston. Kezia, bap, June 1, 1740; m. June 1, 1769, Joseph Wyraan of Lunenburg. Ebenezer, bap. Feb. 28, 1742 ; probably d. 1743. Mary, bap. Oct. 21, 1744. 13-23- Josiah Parker ra. Dec. 8, 1718, Anna Stone, dau. of John and Rachel (Shepard) Stone. Lieut. Parker, for he was honored with that title, was one of the most popular men in the town for a num ber of years. He filled almost every town office. He was an excel lent penman, and filled the office of town clerk four years. He was an assessor nineteen years, from 1726 to 1755, with occasional Intermissions, and was selectman seven years. He d. Oct, 9, 1756, aged 62 ; she d. Sept. 8, 1760. They were ad. to the ch. Aug, 13, 1719, 23-38 Anna, b. Sept. 9, 1719; m. Nov, 6, 1737, Benjamin Smith, Ddiverance, b. May 28, 1721 ; ra. April 7, 1737, Marrett Munroe, Mary, b. July 3, 1723. •[Josiah, b, April 11, 1726 ; m. Oct, 27, 1748, Mary Munroe, Weston. Lois, b, Aug. 20, 1727 ; d. July, 1735. •[John, b. July 13, 1729 ; ra. May 22, 1766, Lydia Moore. •[Thaddeus, b. Sept.. 2, 1731 ; m. May 29, 1769, Mary Reed, •[Joseph, b, Nov. 28, 1733 ; ra. July 5, 1759, Eunice Hobbs, Weston. 22-27- 27-46 47 48496061 Jonas Parker m. Lucy . They made their peace with the ch. Sept. 15, 1746. He was one of the first martyrs of freedom who fell on the 19th of April, 1776. See History, p. 181 of this volume. Nathan, b. m. and had Abigail. Lucy, bap. Oct. 6, 1745, Jonas, bap. March 29, 1747 ; d. young, Sarah, bap. Sept. 4, 1748. •[Jmias, b. July 10, 1763 ; m. Aug. 16, 1776, Martha Hosley of BU. Eunice, bap. ; m. June 9, 1772, Asa Morse of Newton. GENEALOGICAL RE&ISTER. 171 6263 65 22-28- 22-30- 30-56 57 22-34- 34-69 23-41- 23-43- Prudence, bap. April 27, 1767. Elizabeth, bap. March 18, 1769. Philemon, b, . 64 Polly, b. Jan. 4, 1761. Amos Parker m. Anna . They made their peace with the ch. Jan. 27, 1745. They probably left town in 1745, as his name disappears from the tax bill. He settled in Shrewsbury, where lie had a chUd bap. 1760. They had Amos ; Sarah, b. July 15, 1750 ; HoUis, b, Oct. 2, 1752; Elisha, b. Dec. 31, 17.54; Ephraim, b, Oct. 4, 1767 ; Frederick, b. May 4, 1762 ; Elizabdh, b. March 29, 1769. Thomas Parker ra. March 8, 1750, Jane Parrott of Chelmsford. They made their peace with the ch. in July, and their first child was bap. Aug. 19, 1750. ^Ebenezer, bap. Aug, 19, 1760 ; m. Dec. 3, 1772, Dorcas Munroe. WiUiam ?, bap. Dec. 29, 1751. 58 Mary, bap. July 13, 1760. They buried two Infant chUdren, probably b. between William and Mary. Andre-w Parker ra. Nov. 29, 1759, Abigail Jennison of Weston. They made their peace with the ch. April 20, 1760. They removed about 1763 to Rutland, to the ch. of which place they were dismissed May 10, 1766. They had two children b. in Lexington. Rhoda, b, June 19, 1760, 60 AbigaU, bap, Feb, 7, 1762, Josiah Parker ra, Oct. 27, 1748, Mary Munroe of Weston, dau. of Benjarain Munroe, son of the original William of Lex. He must have left town about the time of his marriage, as his name disappears from the tax bills after that time. John Parker m. May 26, 1755, Lydia Moore, dau. of Thomas and Mary Moore of Lexington, They were admitted to the church Oct, 31, 1756. John Parker was an assessor, 1764, '65, '66, and '74. But he was most distinguished for the part he acted at the opening of the Revolution. He commanded the company of minute men who stood firmly at their post on the 19th of April, 1775, when ordered to disperse by the Impetuous Pitcairn, backed up, as he was, by eight hundred British regulars. He must have been a man of admitted character, to have been selected to command that Spartan band, containing, as it did, within its ranks, several veteran soldiers, and even officers who had seen service upon the " tented field." It has been said that he had served In the French war ; but I have failed to find his name upon the rolls. On the Common on that trying occasion, he showed great coolness and bravery, ordering his men to load their pieces, but not to fire unless fired upon. And in the very face of the British regulars, when some of his men seemed to falter, he announced in a firm voice, that he would cause the first man to be shot down, who should quit the ranks or leave his post without orders. And though eight of his men were killed in the morning, and several were severely wounded, true to the spirit of freedom, he collected his company and marched to meet the enemy on their return from Concord, and poured a deadly fire into their ranks. While his health was feeble, and the disease which proved fatal in Septem ber of that year, was making a steady Inroad upon his constitution, he obeyed the calls of patriotism, and marched with a portion of his co. to Cambridge on the 6th of May, and with a still larger detachraent of them on the 17th of June. But though he performed a noble part 172 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 43-61 62636466 66 67 23-44- in the opening scene of that glorious struggle, he did not live to wit ness its happy termination. He d. Sept. 17, 1776, aged 46. His wid. m Nov. 6, 1778, Ephraim Pierce of Waltham. There are some incidents connected with the character and acts of Capt. Parker which deserve mention. " We have seen the efforts made by the town. In 1774 and 1775, to arm and equip her company of rainute-raen. We have the receipt of Capt. Parker for two drums received of the town, which we will give verbatim, with a facsimile of his signature. " Agreeable to the vote of the Town, I have received by the hands of the Selectmen the drums provided by the Town for the use of the Military Company In this town, until the further order of the town. 44-68 69 70 ^/LhMJi £^ ' Lexington, March 14, 1775." There are two muskets, appropriate memorials of Capt. Parker, preserved in the State House, the gift of his grandson, Bev. Theodore Parker, to the State. On one is Inscribed " The First Fire Arm Captured in the 'War for Independence ; " and on the other. " This Firearm was used by Capt. John Parker in the Battle of Lexington, April 19th, 177S." These relics were received by the State authorities with due cere mony, and are conspicuously displayed In the Senate chamber for public view. Lydia, b. Nov. 8, 1756 ; d. in Rox. about 1810, unm. Anna, b, Jan. 11, 1759 ; m. March 16, 1780, Ephraim Pierce of Waltham. jJohn, b. Feb. 14, 1761; m. Feb. 17, 1785, Hannah Stearns. Isaac, b. May 11, 1763; moved to Charlestown, where he d. Ruth, b. Dec. 7, 1765; ra. Nov. 14, 1787, David Bent; moved to Nova Scotia, Rebecca, b, June 28, 1768 ; m. Peter Clarke of Wat. iRobert, b. April 15, 1771 ; m. Oct. 22, 17Si4, Elizabeth Simonds, Thaddeus Parker ra. May 27, 1759, Mary Reed, dau. of Wll Uara and Abigail (Stone) Reed. He d, Feb. 10, 1789, aged 68 ; she d. Oct. 9, 1811, aged 73. She had the severe affliction of bury ing her husband and four children, in the short period of about eighteen months. Thaddeus Parker was one of the selectmen, 1770, '71, '73, '77, — a period when the most important duties were devolved upon that board. He was a member of the Lex. co, which stood undismayed before the British on the 19th of April, 1775, and was subsequently in the service eight months, A child born and died 1769. Mary, b. Sept. 26, 1760 ; d, June 3, 1787. Sarah, b, Aug. 24, 1762 ; d. Feb. 2, 1789. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 173 717273 23-45- 45-74 76 78 808182 27-60- 60-83 85 30r56- 43-63- 63-87 88 89 90919293 9496 9697 43-67- 67- 99 100 101 102 Betty, b. Aug. 28, 1764; d. Aug. 27, 1788. Thaddeus, b. July 10, 1767 ; d. June 14, 1789. Josiah, b. Sept. 19, 1770, Joseph Parker m. July 6, 1769, Eunice Hobbs of Weston. After the birth of their first child, in 1760, they settled in Line, As most of their children were bap. in Lex, we will give their birth. Susanna, b. Dec. 31, 1760. 75 Levi, b. April 16, 1762. Lois, b. Oct. 4, 1763. 77 Aaron, b. Dec. 6, 1766. Joseph, b. Nov. 17, 1767. 79 Jonathan, b. Oct. 17, 1769. Elisha, b, Dec. 9, 1772 ; d. in 1773. fSc;,S*''-«'^-S«Pt-10,1775. Jonas Parker ra. Aug. 15, 1776, Martha Hosley of BUl. They were ad. to the ch. Feb. 28, 1779. He d. July 14, 1783, and Martha his wid. administered on his estate. Patty, bap. May 16, 1779. John H,, bap. Nov. 26, 1780. 84 Bdty, bap. May 16, 1779. 86 Jonas, bap. March 2, 1783. Ebenezer Parker m. Dec. 3, 1772, Dorcas Munroe. He was a corporal in Capt. Parker's co. and was with them on the 19th of AprU, the 6th of May, and the 17th of June, 1775. He and his wife were dismissed to the ch. In Princeton, Nov. 9, 1788. They had three children bap. in Lex. viz. Abijah, bap. May 30, 1773; Quincy, bap. April 30, 1775 ; Lucy, bap, July 22, 1781, ,I0HN Parker ra. Feb. 7, 1784, Hannah Stearns, dau. of Benja min and Hannah (Soger) Stearns, b. May 21, 1764, He d. Nov. 3, 1836, aged 74 ; she d. May 15, 1823, aged 59. Mary, b. April 11, 1786 ; m. about 1816, Samuel Green, as his second wife,— he being the widower of her sister Hannah. She d. 1831, John, b, Oct. 12, 1786, m, Maria Green of West Camb. Lydia, b. April 2, 1789 ; d, April 26, 1791, Hannah, b. March 16, 1791 ; m, March 26, 1811, Samuel Green of Brighton, She d. Dec. 1, 1815, In Vt., and hem. her sister Mary, Lydia, b, July 1, 1793 ; m. Isaac Herrick of Brighton and d. 1837. Rebecca, b, Dec. 10, 1796; d. Feb. 15, 1812, unm. Usaac, b, Nov. 5, 1798 ; m. 1829, Martha M. Miller. Ruth, b, Nov, 12, 1800 ; d. Dec. 27, 1812, Hiram, S,, b. Jan, 16, 1803 ; m, Nancy Leavitt of N, H, Emily Ann, b. May 11, 1806 ; m. Charles Miller of Soraerville. ^Theodore, b. Aug. 24, 1810; m. Lydia D. Cabot in 1837. Robert Parker m. Oct. 22, 1794, EUzabeth Simonds, dau. of Joshua and Martha (Bowers) Simonds, b. July 4, 1772. He d. Dec. 31, 1840, aged 70. She d. April 11, 1849, aged 77. Mary, b. Deo. 26, 1794; m. AprU 11, 1822, Isaac W. Lawrence of West Camb. They have had four children. Josiah, b, July 6, 1798 ; d. Dec. 26, 1840, unm. Thomas, b, March 16, 1800 ; d. April 30, 1800. Eliza Eleanor, b, Sept. 20, 1804 ; ra. April 12, 1829, Nathan Bob bins of West Camb, They have had seven children, Almira, b Aug, i)0, 1806 ; m, Oct. 1, 1837, Joshua Bobbins of West Camb. They have had three children. 80 174 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 103 104105 63-93- 93-106 107 108109110 111 112113 63-97- Jonathan Simonds, b, Aug. 8, 1808 ; d. Feb. 13, 1813. \Jonathan Simonds, b, July 30, 1812 ; ra. Dec, 29, 1835, Abigail Tuttle, William Bowers, b, Jan. 13, 1817 ; m, Nov. 30, 1843, Elizabeth Garfield. He settled In Charlestown, and has had seven children. Isaac Parker m. 1829, Martha M. Miller, b, June 28, 1801, in HiUsborough, N, H. They settled in Waltham, but came to Lex. in 1832, and took up their abode on the old Parker Place in the south part of the town. Their first two chUdren were born in Waltham. Isaac Moore, b. Nov. 10, 1829. Martha Ann, b. .June 16, 1831; m, Oct. 28, 1855, WilUam W. Durgee of York, Pa. Frances Maria, b. Jan. 21, 1833. Charles M,, b. Feb. 15, 1835. He enlisted for three years and served In the 24th Reg. Mass. Vols. In the late war. James Theodore, b. Sept. 18, 1837 ; d. AprU 2, 1838. Emily R„ b. AprU 7, 1839 ; d. Aug. 6, 1858. Theodore James, b, April 21, 1841. George E,, b, Jan. 2, 1843; d. Oct. 6, 1857. Theodore Parker m. April 20, 1837, Lydia D. Cabot of Boston, dau. of John and Lydia (Dodge) Cabot, b. Sept. 12, 1813. They had no children. In 1830 he entered H. C., but owing to his Umited pecuniary means, he was not able to Incur the expense of a life at the college, but remained at home pursuing his studies through the winter, and then engaged himself as a teacher. Not residing at the college and attending the daily exercises, he did not take his degree ; though in 1840 he received from the University the honorary degree of A. M. Our limits will not permit us to give In detail the events of his laborious life. It is sufficient to say, that he raised himself to great distinction by his own unassisted Industry and force of charac ter. Without the usual advantages enjoyed by those who are des tined to a literary life, by persevering Industry he overcame all these disadvantages, and became a man of vast acquirements, pro cured and raastered an extensive library, and died In the midst of life with a reputation which few men ever acquire. Giving his mind to religious subjects, he entered the theological school at Cambridge In 1834, and after graduating, he was first settled at West Roxbury, and subsequently became pastor of the Twenty-eighth Congregational Society which worshiped at Music Hall In Boston. By that incessant labor, which few constitutions can endure, he became somewhat enfeebled, and a hemorrhage from the lungs required him to suspend all labor. By the advice of his physi cian, and the entreaty of friends, he was Induced to seek a more genial climate. In February, 1869, he embarked for the West Indies, where he remained for a time, when he sailed for the south of Europe. But neither medical skill, nor the balmy air of Italy, could stay the ravages of disease, and he d. at Florence, May 10, 1860. He was buried in a little Protestant cemetery outside the city walls. The grave is inclosed by a border of gray marble, and at the head is a plain stone of the same material, with this inscription : Theodoke Pahker, Born at Lexington, Mass., United States of America, Aug. 24, 1810. Died at Florence, May 10, 1860. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 175 The unsparing censure which has been heaped, and the unlimited praise which has been bestowed upon Mr. Parker, will justify us In saying a few words upon his character. The leading characteristic of the man was his thirst for knowledge. This manifested Itself in his persistant Industry from his boyhood to the day of his death. His love of books became almost a passion, and he made himself acquainted with various languages, that he might read the best authors In their native tongue. Few men under the circumstances in which he was placed, have ever performed more labor, or accom plished as much. His moral character, as seen by the world, was above reproach. But to judge the" man aright, we must look beneath the surface, and see the motives by which he was actuated. And here we find a stern sense of justice tempered with mercy, a strong love for the poor and down-trodden, and a warm sympathy for hu manity, for whose elevation he was ready to spend, and be spent. And though he sometimes indulged in bitter denunciation, too com mon among reformers, we shall generally find that it was prompted by a strong sense of wrong or Injustice committed against those he was laboring to elevate and improve. But It is with reference to his religious character that the people have been most divided. Though it is not the object of this work to decide upon matters of faith, we will glance at this subject with that freedom which Mr. Parker himself always exercised, and with such a spirit as he, if present, would approve. Born of a pious and devout mother, whose instructions sank deep into his tender heart, and liv ing under the influences of religious institutions founded upon the broad basis of divine revelation, he early Imbibed enlightened views of the character of our Heavenly Father, and of our duty to love aud adore him. These views he cherished through' life ; so that we can with justice pronounce him not only a moral but a devout raan. But though we can endorse his moral and religious character, we are eon- strained to express our conviction that this character was the result of his early training and the natural goodness of his heart, rather than of his theological speculations. He was moral and devout In spite of his theory. This Impression is strengthened by the fact that very many of those who embrace his speculations have but little sym pathy with that devout spirit by which he was actuated. That he was a man of extraordinary intellectual powers, all must admit. He had a keen perception of the evils which existed in society, but like many reformers had not constructive powers suffi cient to supply the remedy. So in matters of faith, - he could point out with a master's hand the incongruities of existing systems, but has never, as far as we can learn, been able to present a clear and well defined system of his own. We do not mean that he had no belief. He had certain doctrines which he inculcated with earnestness and in sincerity. But he has never, we believe, combined them so as to make a complete system, — one harmonious whole. Thus much It seemed proper to say concerning one of the most distinguished men to whom Lexington has ever given birth. Mr. Parker has left a large number of ardent and devoted friends. They have erected a memorial stone In Lexington to his memory, on the spot where stood the old house in which he was born. The stone Is of Concord granite, finished on all sides, three feet square, and three and a half feet high, resting on a base four feet square and one foot high. On the front face, in raised letters, Is the simple Inscription, Bibth-Place of THEODORE PARKER. 1810. 176 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. The farm has befen in possession of the Parker family since 1712. The following engraving shows the house in which he was bom, and the old belfry building which stood on the Common on the site of the present monument, in 1775, from which went forth those peals of alarm which called the patriots to arms on the morning of the 19th of April. The old belfry was procured by the family and removed to the Parker Place, where it is now standing. 67-104- 104-1 14 115 117 118 119 Jonathan S. Parker m. Dec. 29, 1835, Abigail Tuttle, dau. of David Tuttle. He d. July 6, 1859, and she d. April 4, 1860. He was captain of the Lex. artillery, and filled the most Important town offices, — was treasurer five years, assessor four years, and selectman three years. John Henry, b. Sept. 16, 1836; d. Sept. 12, 1855. Elizabdh S'., b. Sept. 30, 1838. 116 Esther T,, b. Feb. 21, 1842. Abby M,, b. April 23, 1847. Georgiana T., b. Oct. 12, 1849. Emma Frances, b, April 8, 1853, 120 Ellen Henry, b, June 28, 1858, _ There was an Obadiah Parker In town for a few years, who by his wife, Hepzibah, had at least two childen b. in Lex, Almira, b April 16, 1802, d. Nov. 14, 1802 ; Almira, b. Nov. 9, 1803. He appears to have been a man of considerable talents. He was ap pointed to pronounce an eulogy on Washington in 1800, whose death was noticed with appropriate solemnities. He opened a private school In Lex., which was quite popular. He visited New York, where for misconduct he fonnd employment quite different from that of teaching the young. .^/»" JJ THEO-DORE -PARKE B,. Engr«.Vod Tjy SA Sdioff frnjg Da^ "by Allen &,'HDtton. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 177 James Parker, another school-teacher, m. In Lex. Nov. 2, 1842i Adaline Reed, dau, of Isaac and EUzabeth (Munroe) Reed, b. Jan. 10, 1812. He settled in Lex. They have one child, James Emery, b, Aug. 30, 1845. PARKHURST.— John Parkhurst of Lex. m. Sept. 15, 1763, Elizabeth Bowers of Billerica. He came to Lex. from Chelmsford, and was probably a descendant of Joseph Parkhurst, of that town, who had Joseph, b. 1661, and perhaps other sons. He was In the campaign of White Plains in 1776. He was selectman, 1791. He resided on the Concord road, and built the house occupied by the late Col. John Parkhurst Merriam. He had no children. He d, July 2, 1812, His will, dated June 4, 1812, mentions wife EUzabeth, .lohn White of Gardner. John Muzzey, and John P. Merriam, John Peake Hunt of Jaffrey, N. H., brother Jonath.an, and sisters Hannah Parker, Mary Colburn, and Elizabeth Baldwin. His wid. d. July 9, 1822, aged 83 years. PEAEE. — Jonas Stone in 1764, gave notice as then required by law, that Philip Peake, a child from Boston, came to Lexington to reside in his family. There were other Peakes in town, but I know not their origin. John Peake m. March 21, 1776, Hitty Hastings. They were ad. to the ch. Nov. 29, 1778. Their first child b, and d. . 1777. Mary, bap. Jan. 17, 1779 ; John, bap, July 1, 1781 ; Thomas, bap, Dec. 28, 1783; Sarah, bap. June 3, 1787; Hannah, bap. Dec. 26, 1790 ; PhiUp, bap. AprU22, 1794:,— PhUip A, at the age of 24, Mary m, Isaac Childs ; John m, and moved to Sudbury ; Sarah m. Nathan Priest of Jaffrey, N. H. Thomas m. Elizabeth ; r. Vt, Joseph Mason ra. Oct. 19, 1769, Elizabdh Peake, who was ad. to the ch. Oct. 13, 1765, PENNY,— David Penny and Sally Smith, both of Lex,, were m, Sept. 30, 1779, They had Sarah, b, Feb. 20, 1780 ; Polly, b, Feb. 20, 1782, d. Feb. 23, 1782 ; Jonathan, b. March 12, 1783, d. Dec. 5, 1783; Polly, b. Nov. 12, 1785, d. 1829; David, b. March 26, 1788, m. May 12, 1822, Mary F. Sherman, she d. 1852 ; Isaac, b. July 20, 1790, d. 1809 ; Samud C, b, Dec. 13, 1793 ; Hannah, b. May 14, 1796, d. Feb. 21, 1860. David, sen., d. Jan. 1830. The absence of a record will prevent any fuller account of this family. PERRY. — This name appears upon our records at different pe riods, and yet we are not able to give a connected view of the fami lies. John Perry, by his wife, Deborah, had the following children : John, b. Dec. 19, 1720; Thomas, b. Dec. 19, 1722; Joseph, b. Oct. 3, 1724; MUlicent, b. May 10, 1726; Ebenezer a.nA Jonathan, tw'ms, b. July 17, 1728, Jonathan m. Jan. 27, 1760, Mary Blodgett ; Thad deus, b. Dec. 26, 1730; Abigail, b, Aug, 10, 1736, m, Nov, 20, 1764, Abel Fox of Billerica, Deborah was ad. to the ch. June 29, 1735, and d. May 22, 1736. Thomas Perry was in the French war from Lex, in 1759 and 1762. The name, which had faded out from 'the records, appeared again abont 1800. Nathan Perry by his wife, SaUy, had Sullivan B,, b.Feb, 1802; Mary, b. Oct. 1, 1803; Sally, b. Aug. 30, 1804; Abijah H, b. Dec. 19, 1806; Thomas W., b. May 1, 1808, d, Nov 9, 1821 ; Nahum S,, b. March 28, 1810. 178 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 3- 4 THE PHELPS FAMILY. The early history of this family is but imperfectly known to us, Jonathan Phelps came to this country early in the eighteenth century, and landed in Newport, R. I. From thence he came to Reading, Mass., where he reared a family of children. One of them (name unknown) came first to Beverly, and then to Salem, where he d. Dec. 1799, aged about 92. He had three sons, Jonathan, Henry, and 'W^illlara, and several daughters. Henry Phelps was a shipmaster, from the port of Salem, and was lost at sea, 1786. He m. and had children. Henry Phelps, son of the preceding, having bodily infirmities, which disqualified him from following his father's profession, fitted for college and entered Harvard, where he was graduated, 1788. He studied medicine, and settled in 1799, at Gloucester, as an apo thecary and physician. He ra. Mary Forbes, dau. of Peter Coffin, Esq., of Gloucester. He d. Feb. 18, 1862, aged 86, and hence was b. 1766. He acquired some practice as a doctor, but soon abandoned that branch of his business. He was many years postmaster, and the principal acting magistrate in the town. He continued to keep his shop till he was about eighty years of age. He had three wives and several children. William Dane Phelps, son of the foregoing, was b. at Glou cester, Feb. 14, 1802 ; m. Mary Ann Cushing, dau. of Henry Cushing of Boston. She d. Dec. 16, 1831, and he ra. May 18, 1834, Lusan na T., dau. of Josiah and Sally (Wellington) Bryant of Lex. He came to Lex. to reside about the time of his second marriage. His profession has been that of a mariner. He commenced early as a cabin-boy, and has worked his way through the different grades to master— making many voyages to Europe and the Levant, around Cape Horn and the Cape of Good Hope, in command of some of the finest ships of the times. He was wrecked once while a boy at the Cape of Good Hope, and once when captain at the entrance of Ply mouth Harbor in the winter of 1836 ; which was one of the most distressing shipwrecks known for many ^ears on our coast. The cold was intense, and the ship was unmanageable in consequence of the Ice which accumulated upon her. Part of the crew perished by the cold, and those who were saved were badly bruised and frozen. In one of his early voyages, when he was before the mast, he was left with seven others on a desert island in the Indian Ocean to pro cure a cargo of sea elephant oil, and fur seal skins— the captain promising to return for them in nine months. But actuated probably by that thirst of gain which stifles every feeling of humanity, and believing that they could not subsist after "the provision left with them was exhausted, and as the island was very rarely visited by voyagers, he thought he might touch there at a future day, and take his olTand furs without being troubled by having any men to pay off. But on his return twenty-eight months after,- he found not only a full cargo of oil and furs, but his eight men all living. The island being In a high latitude, it was cold and desolate, not a tree or shrub sprang from its inhospitable bosom ; and consequently these poor dwellers thereon had no fuel of the ordinary kind, but were compelled to burn the blubber of the sea elephant. The Interior of the island was composed of barren volcanic ridges, but the shores abounded with sea fowl, penguin, and marine animals. Their nine months' provi sions became exhausted, and for the remainder of the time they 4- 5 6 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 179 subsisted upon what the shore afforded, fish and fowls and their eggs. For clothing they supplied themselves with fur skins, and for shelter they sought the " caves and dens of the earth." After twenty-eight months, their unprincipled captain arrived— his being the first vessel which had been in sight for the whole period. He took his cargo and the men, who were glad to leave that inclement Island. The subse quent conduct of this brutal captain, fully justified the suspicion that he had hoped that they had all perished before his return. During this voyage, which to young Phelps was extended to more than six years, he, by the force of circumstances, left the ship, and was obliged to take service under the flags of various nations, visiting most of the parts of the Pacific, and the then known parts of Aus tralia and Van pieman's land, and returned home by way of Cape Horn in 1823, in good health, with considerable experience, but with empty pockets. In 1840, In command of a large ship, ho commenced a series of trading voyages to California, remaining there till he had disposed of his cargo and procured a cargo of hides. These voyages were gen erally of about three years' duration. San Francisco was then called Yerba Buena, and consisted of only three houses, where the famous city now stands. At that time the River Sacramento had never been visited from the sea, and Capt. Phelps with two of his boats and a part of his crew explored it about one hundred miles, and displayed the Stars and Stripes for the first time upon its placid waters. On his third voyage, the country was disturbed by the MexicanWar, and being upon the coast he co-operated with Stockton and Fremont in various ways, and so contributed something to our gaining possession of the country. He visited, the mines twice, handled some of the first specimens of gold, and returned home by the way of Panama, bringing some of the first specimens of gold, and reliable information in relation to the mines. The last voyage he performed was to California, the Sandwich Islands and China, and returned to New York In 1857. He has spent ahout forty years in a sea life, twenty-six of them in command of a ship. During that time, with one exception already mentioned, no Insurance Office has ever paid a dollar for damage to his ships or cargo ; and with the same exception, he never lost a man by sickness or accident, until the last voyage, when two died of disease In China. From this brief sketch. It will be seen that Capt. Phelps's life has been active and eventful. With no small degree of truth, we can say of him in the language of Campbell, " His march was o'er the mountain wave, His home was on the deep." Lusanna, b, Nov. 18, 1836. Alice D,, b. Oct. 18, 1838; m. Oct. 15, 1862, Charles C. Goodwin of Charlestown. They reside in Lex. and have one child, viz. George C, b. Nov. 24, 1863, Edwin Buckingham, b. April 14, 1846 ; d, Sept. 9, 1849. THE PHINNEY FAMILY. Benjamin Phinney, the first of the name In Lex., came Into the town, 1787, from Granville, Nova Scotia. We have not been able to learn his birth or parentage. He and his wife, Susanna, were ad. to the ch. in Falraouth, Mass., May 10, 1772 ; at the sarae time two of their chUdren, Chloe and Josiah, were bap. In Aug. 1774, their dau. Susanna was baptized ; and they were dismissed from the Fal- 180 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. - 2 3 46 6 78 9 10 1-8- 8-11 1213 14 16 month church to the united church of Annapolis and Granville, Nova Scotia. The Lexington church records, Oct. 14, 1787, recognize the fact of their recommendation from Falmouth to Nova Scotia, " from thence they came to reside in this town, and requested qh. privileges with US." He d. 1843, aged 99, and hence must have heen b. about 1744. She d. June 16, 1829. Patience, b. m. Sept. 25, 1809, EU Green of Boston. Chloe, bap. May 10, 1772 ; m. May 21, 1794, John Steams of Walt. Josiah, bap. May 10, 1772. Susanna, bap. May 10, 1774 ; m. May 22, 1794, Peleg Stearns, Walt. Joseph, h. ; was drowned. Theodore, b. ; m. Ann Barrett in Cnba. \Elias, b. in Nova Scotia, 1780; m. June 6, 1809, Catharine Bartlett. Benjamin, bap. Oct. 14, 1787 ; d. Oct. 16, 1791. Deidama, bap. Aug. 20, 1788 ; m. Barnabas Fales of Washington city and d. soon after. Elias Phinney m. June 6, 1809, Catharine Bartlett, dau. of Dr. Josiah and Elizabeth (Call) Bartlett of Charlestown. He grad. H, C. 1801, read law, and coramenced practice in Thomaston, Me. He afterwards removed to Charlestown, where he had an office. Having a taste for rural life, he came to Lex. in 1823, where he d. July 24, 1849, aged 69. His wid. d. Aug. 2, 1864, aged 78. He was a prominent man in the town and county, was for many years clerk of the courts for the county of Middlesex, which office be held at the time of his death. He was highly distinguished as an agricul turalist, being for many years a tmstee of the State Agricultural Society, His farm in the south part of the town was brought by him to a high state of cultivation, and the farm, fruit trees, and stock attracted visitors from a great distance ; so that his scientific and practical knowledge of husbandry exerted a wide influence over those engaged in that department of human industry. In 1826, he pub lished an interesting account of the Battle of Lexington, in which he vindicated with great ability the claims of the town of Lexington against certain pretensions set up by a few indiscreet men of Concord. Josiah B,, b. April 1, 1810; m, Lucretia Beckford of Charlestown. He raoved to Cuba, where they resided twelve or fifteen years, when he retumed to the United States and settled in lUInois. He had two sons, one of whom is living. Susan M., b, Sept. 30, 1812 ; m. Dec. 19, 1833, Isaac H. Spring. He resided in Boston, where he d. AprU 7, 1864. They had four daughters. Catharine B,, b, AprU 2, 1814 ; m. in 1837, Thomas Goodall. They resided in Vicksburg, Miss. He d. and she is now residing in Chicago. They had four children. Elizabdh B„b. Dec. 29, 1816; ra. Sept. 30, 1841, A. H. Nelson, who was a prominent meraber of the bar, and was raised to a judgeship. They resided first In Concord, and afterward in Wo., where he d. 1857. Mary P., b. Feb. 2, 1818; m. May 1, 1858, G. A, Olnhausen, He d. Sept, 7, 1860, They resided in Manchester, N, H, Mrs, Oln hausen is a lady of great perseverance and force of character. After the death of her husband she returned to her friends, and on the breaking out of the Rebellion her sympathies were turned to the sick and wounded soldiers, who had left the comforts of home to sustain the liberties of the country. Her active sense of the' -worth of our institutions, and of the baseness of the attempt 1617 1819 20 1- 2 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 181 to overthrow them ; and her just appreciation of the devotion of the gallant men who had voluntarily taken their lives in their hands, and gone forth amidst the dangers of the field and the diseases of the camp, to uphold the government of our choice, prompted ber to offer her services to her country. In August, 1862, she entered upon her duty as a hospital nurse, and served first at the Mansion House at Alexandria, from thence she was transferred to Morehead City, then to Beaufort, and at last to Smithville, N. C. Having entered for the war, she remained in the United States' service till 1866. She was associated with that well known philanthropist. Miss Dix ; and being a regular nurse in the service, she was subject to the orders of the hospital depart ment, or else she would have followed her inclination, and gone- to the front, where she would have seen more of suffering, and where she believed, she could have been more useful. Mrs. Olnhausen acquired a high reputation at the hospitals as an active, skillful, and self-sacrificing nurse — always cool and collected, she devoted herself assiduously to the wants of her patients. By her kindness and fidelity she won the respect and esteem of all committed to her care. Many a poor sick or wounded soldier, far from the coraforts and endearraents of home, has found in her the care and watchful ness of a faithful mother, and the kindness and sympathy of an affectionate sister. We naturally extol the heroism of the gallant soldier who promptly faces danger on the field of battle ; but It requires as much moral courage, as much self-sacrifice to brave the diseases of the hospitals, as it does to face the enemy In the field. Much praise is due to Mrs Olnhausen. Jane, b. Oct. 3, 1820. Charlotte B., b. July 17, 1822; ra. April, 1842, Rev. William G. Swett, who was settled as a minister in Lexington. She had one dau. C. B. W. G, Swett, b, Feb. 8, 1843. He d. Feb. 15, 1843, and she m. June 1, 1863, Francis K. Simonds. They have two children. George P,, b. Jan. 24, 1824; m. Kate Richardson of Woburn. He resides in Illinois, and has six children. She d. May, 1867. Alice B., b. Nov. 9, 1826 ; m. May 23, 1854, James S. Munroe ; they reside in Iiexington. B, Frank, b, Jan. 28, 1S29. He was a mariner — having entered on ship-board as a cabin boy, he passed through the different stages to that of captain. He d. in Brazil, 1855. THE PIERCE FAMILY The Pierces (frequently spelt Peirce,) came to the country early, and settled in that great hive of emigrants, Watertown, It is some what difficult to trace the genealogy of the family, as they are quite numerous, and are scattered through several towns. There is also danger of confounding the Watertown famUies with the descendants of Robert Pierce, who settled at Dorchester as early as 1630. John Pierce, a weaver of Wat. was ad. freeman March, 1638. He died, Aug, 19, 1661. His.wid. Elizabeth, In her wUl dated March 6, and proved April 2, 1667, makes mention of sons Anthony, Robert and John, and dau. Esther Morse, and Mary Coldam. It is proba ble that Robert settled in Wo. where he d. Sept. 10, l'^06, leaving a family of children. Anthony Pierce, b. in England, 1609, and ad. freeman Sept. 3, 1634, was the ancestor of aU or nearly all the families bearmg that 81 182 2- 3 4 6 6 78 9 1011 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. nameinthetotas of Wat., Walthara, Weston, Lincoln, andLex. He m. first, Sarah ; ra. second, about 1638, Anne . He d. May 9, 1678. His wid. d. Jan. 20, 1683, John, b. ; m. Ruth, dau. of Nathaniel Bishop. He d. with out issue, and his wid. m. WllUara Fuller. Mary, b. Oct. 20, 1633 ; d. young. ,,,,., t> j c Mary, b. 1636 ; ra. Balph Eeed, son of WUliam and Mabel Eeed of Woburn, Jacob, b. Sept. 15, 1637 ; was living in 1683, \Daniel, b. Jan. 1, 1640; m, Elizabeth Martha, b. AprU 24, 1641. ^Joseph, b, ; ad. freeman April 18, 1690. Benjamin, b, 1649 ; ra. Jan. 15, 1677, Hannah Brooks of Concord. Judith, b. July 18, 1660 ; ra. Feb. 1677, John Sawln^ ^ 2-7- 7-12 131416 1718 20 2-9- 9-21 22 2324 252627 2829 30 7-17- 17-31 3335 37 .39 9-21- Daniel Pierce ra. Elizabeth b. 1642. He settled in Groton, where he had five children b. He returned to Wat. about 1681. He o. c. Jan. 16, 1687, when his wife and three children were baptized. Elizabdh, b. May 16, 1666; m. in Wat. Oct. 17, 1684, Isaac Mixer. Danid, b. Nov. 28, 1666 ; ra. Abigail , and lived in Groton. John, b, Aug. 18, 1668. 16 Ephraim, b. Oct. 15, 1673. Josiah, b. May 2, 1676. ^Joseph, b, ; mentioned In the will of sister EUzabeth. Abigail, b, Jan. 3, 1682. 19 Hannah, bap. Jan. 16, 1687. Benjamin, bap. Jan. 16, 1687. Joseph Pierce m. Martha . She d. and he m. June 15, 1698,1 Mrs. Elizabeth Winship, wid. of Ephraim Winship of Camb. Farms. \Josq>h, b, Oct. 2, 1669 ; was thrice m. Francis, b, July 27, 1671; lived in Weston, d. AprU 22, 1728. •[John, b. May 27, 1673 ; m. Nov. 5, 1702, EUzabeth Smith. Mary, b, Nov. 26, 1674. Benjamin, b. March 25, 1677. Jacob, b, Dec. 25, 1678 ; m. Nov. 13, 1702, Hannah Lewis, and d. 1740. Martha, b. Dec. 24, 1681 ; m. May 17, 1706, WilUam Whitney. Stephen, b, Oct. 1683 ; ra. 1780, Abigail Bemis, lived in Weston. Israel, b, Oct. ^^ 1686 ; ra. Jan. 14, 1718, Sarah Holland. He raoved to Carab. in 1721. • Elizabeth, b. Sept. 9, 1687 ; m. Oct. 15, 1706, Joseph Berais. Joseph Pierce of Wat. m. Dec. 30, 1698, Mary Warren. He was selectman in Waltham, 1788, '39, '42. ^Isaac, b. Sept. 19, 1700. Elizabdh, b. Feb. 23, 1704. Lydia, b. March 11, 1707. Grace, b. AprU 27, 1711. Lois, b, Jan. 21, 1716. 32 Mary, b, Feb. 28, 1703. 34 Sarah, b. Sept. 11, 1705. 36 Eunice, b, Feb. 11, 1709. 38 Prudence, b, Aug. 2, 1713, 40 Ruhamah, b. Jan. 12, 1718, Joseph Pierce m. May 20, 1688, Ruth Holland. She d. and he m. about 1692, Hannah Munroe, dau. of WiUiam Munroe of Camb, Farms, the ancestor of all the Munroes in Lex. and the vicinity. His wife Hannah was ad. to the ch. in Lex. Feb. 1, 1699, and he was GiaiEALOGICAL REGISTER. 183 21-41 4243 44 45 4647 48 9-23- ad. Sept. 28, 1701. 'What time he came into thePrecinct is uncer tain; probably about 1700, as he had a child bap. 1699, and united with the ch. in 1701. He was a subscriber for the purchase of the Common in 1711, and filled the dignified office of tythingman in 1717. His wife Hannah d.- and he m. third, Beriah, wid, of Daniel Child. He d. Mar. 13, 1753, and his wid. m. John Whitney of Westford. moved to Lincoln. •[Joseph, b. Feb, 6, 1694.; m. Abigail — \ George, b. Feb. 2, 1696 ; m. Hannah — •[John, b. Mar. 11, 1699 ; m. Rachel Martha, b June 2, 1702. Mary, b, March 28, 1706 ; m. lune 24, 1725, Thomas Fiske. WiUiam, b. July 10, 1707 ; m. AbigaU . Ruth, b. April 8, 1710. . David, b, AprU 16, 1713 ; m. May 29, 1734, Sarah.PIper of Con. 23-49 60 61 52 64 55 17-31- 31-66 5.76869 6162 21-41- 41-63 65 21t42- 21-43-. 43-66 John Pierce m. Elizabeth Smith. Shed. Sept. 20, 1747. They were m. Nov. 6, 1702. . John, b. Sept. 1, 1703 ; m. Rebecca ¦ •[Jonas, b. Dec. 20, 1705 ; ra. Jan. 4, 1728, Abigail Comee of Lex. Ezekiel, b. March 7, 1709 ; m. Nov. 17, 1731, Mercy WelUngton of Watertown. Samuel, b, July 3, 1712. 63 Elizabdh, b, Jan. 3, 1716. Danid, b, Oct, 21, 1719 ; m. Martha , Jonathan, b. Sept. 28, 1724. Isaac Pierce m. Sept. 7, 1722, Susanna Bemis. They resided in Walthara. Josiah, b, Feb. 13, 1723 ; ra, March 14, 1744, Sarah Gale, Joseph, b, Nov. 23, 1724 ; ra. June 2, 1748, Ruth White. Abijah, b. May 23, 1727 ; ra. Thankful Brown, lived in Lincoln, '[Ephraim, b. Aug. 12, 1729, 60 Susanna, b. May 22, 1732. Mary, b. June 22, 1735 ; m, April 22, 1757, Moses Harrington, Isaac,^ b. March 24, 1739 ; m. 1764, Hannah Mason, He had a family of twelve chUdren, the youngest of whom, was Cyrus, b, Aug. 1, 1790; grad, atH. C. 1810; ra. Sally Coffin, has no Issue, He was the first teacher of the first Normal school in Massachusetts , which was established In Lexington. He d. 1860. Joseph Pierce, ra. Abigail . He d. Feb, 12, 1737. He resided in Lex. He appears to have been the only male of the famUy which remained permanently in Lexington. Ebenezer, b, Septj 13, 1715. Joseph, b. Feb. 3, 1719. 64 Jonas, b, Oct. 15, 1717; George Pierce m. Hannah '. They were ad, to the ch. in Lex. May 28, 1738. They raoved to Lino, though several of their children were bap. in Lex, They had nine children.. John Pierce m. Bachel • He must have, left Lex. as he was not taxed in town in 1729, or after that time. Anthony, b. Sept. 13, 1720. 67 John, b. Feb., 11, 1722. Zmcj/, b. Jan. 28, 1728. 184 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 21-46- 46-69 7173 23-50- 60-74 7676 78 79 8081 31-69- 59-82 8384 8586 878889 9091 9293 94 69-86- 85-95 96 97 98 59 William Pierce m. AbigaU . He was ad. to the ch. in Lex. June 29, 1733. He prebably left Lex., as his name does not appear on the tax bUls after 1735. AbigaU, b. May 7, 1729. Abner, bap. Jan. 6, 1733. Phebe ?, bap. Aug. 21, 1737. 70 Bridgd, b. Oct. 23, 1730. 72 Zebulon, bap. Dec. 15, 1734. Jonas Pierce ra. Jan. 4, 1728, Abigail Comee of Lex., dau. of John and Martha (Munroe) Comee. Jonas, b, July 7, 1730. Nathan, b. Dec. 15, 1732 ; ra. Dec. 26, 1753, Sarah Beed. Elizabeth, b. May 31, 1735. 77 John, b. July 14, 1736. Thaddeus, b. May 14, 1739. Solomon, b. June 15, 1742 ; m. Dec. 15, 1763, Amity Fessenden. Abigail, b. Aug. 3, 1744; m. March 30, 1762, Nathan Derby of Westralnster, where their descendants are at this day. Mary, b. Feb, 7, 1747, Ephraim Pierce of Walthara ra. May 8, 1753, Lydia White, who d. May 6. 1777, aged 43, and he m. Nov. 5, 1778, Mrs. Lydia Par ker, wid. of Capt. John Parker, who commanded the company on Lex. Coraraon on the memorable 19th of April, 1775. Ephraim Pierce spent most of his days in Waltham, where he had his family, and we mention him here, as we have several other families, because his descendants settled in Lex. He came to Lex. to reside about the time he m. his second wife. He d. Jan. 16, 1790. Lois, b. Feb. 2, 1754; ra. Oct. 8, 1772, Joshua Stearns of Waltham. Luey, b. March 27, 1755 ; m. Dec. 24, 1772, George WelUngton of Waltham. Ephraim, b. Sept. 27, 1757 ; m. March 16, 1780, Anna Parker, dau. of Capt. John of Lex. "He d. Dec. 12, 1811, aged 54. '[Reuben^b. March 18, 1760; ra. Susanna Smith of Lex. Amos, b. March 27, 1761 ; m. Betsey Hobbs of Weston, and moved to "Westford, where he d. Oct. 5, 1819. Lydia, b. April 15, 1763 ; ra. Sarauel Sraith and raoved to Salem. Elijah, b, Jan. 1, 1765 ; m. Dilley Munroe, dau. of Nathan and Elizabeth Munroe. They resided in Wo., where he d, aged 64, ^Abner, b, Sept. 1, 1766 ; m. Grace Harrington. Avis, b. Jan. 17, 1768 ; m. Cummings of Bnrlington. Jonas, b. July 24, 1771 ; ra. Eunice Brown of "Walthara, and resided In Quincy, where he d. aged 57. Susanna, b, June 24, 1773 ; ra. Jacob Smith of Lex. and d. April 9, 1835. Jane, b, Feb. 17, 1769; m. William Smith of Lexington. \Loring, b. Sept, 18, 1776 ; m. Sybil WeUington, dau, of WiUiam Wellington of Waltham. Reuben Piercb m. Oct, 8, 1785, Susanna Smith, dau. of Josiah and Hannah Smith. She d. March 22, 1819, aged 62, and he d. Oct. 30, 1824, aged 64. Reuben, b. Dec. 6, 1786. He A. Jan, 16, 1860, aged 73, unm, •[Nathanid, b. Sept. 22, 1789 ; ra. Abigail Wellington. {Ebenezer, b. April 18, 1792 ; ra. Nabby Brown. Susanna, b. April 30, 1794 ; d. Dec. 18, 1796, jPdatiah P., b. March 13, 1806 ; m. PauUna Burbank, GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 185 69-89- 89-100 101102 103 104 69-94- Abner Pierce ra. July 22, 1792, Grace Harrington, dau, of Daniel and Anna (Munroe) Harrington. They commenced house keeping in Lex,, afterwards they moved to Medford, where they lived fourteen years, when they moved to Chelsea, where they remained fourteen years, and after an absence of twenty-eight years, came back to Lex., and took up their abode on the place occupied by the late Capt. Larkin Turner. He d. Sept. 12, 1837, aged 71 ; she d. Aug. 27, 1842. Harrid, b. Nov. 23, 1792 ; d. July 8, 1809. Lucy, b, Oct. 12, 1794; d. Sept.' 25, 1796. Abner, b. Feb. 26, 1797; ra. Sarah Buckman; she d. and he m. Eliza Tufts. They resided in West Cambridge, where he died, Larkin, b. May 10, 1798 ; d, July 12, 1801. Luey P„ b. July 26, 1803 ; m. May 23, 1833, Larkin Turner. 94-106 106 107 108 109110111 86-96- 96-112 113 114 115 116117 118 85-97- 97-120 121122 123 124 Loring Pierce m. Sybil WeUington, dau. of William Wellington of Walthara. He moved to Lex. and took up his abode on Main street, where Loring S. Pierce now resides. He d. Oct. 11, 1857. Catharine, b, Oct 28, 1807 ; ra. Phlnehas Lawrence. He d. and she is now living, a widow. Sybil, b, Sept. 6, 1811 ; ra. Araos Russell of West Camb., and d. March 17, 1837. Almira, b, Jan. 1, 1814; d. July 18, 1837, unm. Loring, b, Jan. 13, 1816 ; d. Jan. 26, 1816. \Loring S,, b, March 1, 1817 ; ra. AprU 23, 1846, Frances A, Har rington, Lois S,, b. Nov. 11, 1819 ; m. Amos Eussell, late husband of her sister Sybil, deceased. Eleanor J„ b, Sept. 14, 1823 ; ra. WiUiam P. Locke of West Camb. Nathaniel Pierce m. Nov. 25, 1827, Abigail WelUngton of Waltham, dau. of WUUam and Avis (Fiske) Wellington, b. Feb. 11, 1806. Harrid R., b. AprU 9, 1828 ; d. July 15, 1830. Susan, b, Oct. 27, 1829 ; m. May 8, 1854, Charles Nunn of West Roxbury, who moved to Lex. and resides near the junction of Main and Middle streets. They had first, Charles P., b. AprU 4, 1855, second, Leah A., b. July 4, 1867, third, Nathaniel, b. Feb. 23, 1869. Nathaniel, b. Aug. 26, 1831. Abbie, b. Nov. 16, 1836; m. Dec. 26, 1856, George Conant of Somerville. She d. suddenly Nov. 27, 1867. Elizabdh, b..Dec. 31, 1837. Emma I„ b, Nov. 26, 1840 ; d. July 19, 1843. Willard E., b. March 17, 1843. 119 Emma I,, b. July 8, 1847. Ebenezer Pierce m. Jan. 6, 1814, Nabby Brown, dau. of James and Betty (Reed) Brown. Harrison, b. Dec. 26, 1813 ; ra. Harriet F. Penny. They have had Harriet Ann, b. Feb. 26, 1842, d. May 27, 1844; Harrison E., b. July 16, 1846, d. AprU 23, 1848; Alice W.,"b. Nov. 5, 1850. Ella, b. April 18, 1815. Daniel, b.' June 27, 1817; d. Sept. 12, 1852. Susan, b, Oct. 28, 1819 ; d. Oct. 23, 1822, Susan, b, Sept. 10, 1823; m. Jonas Harrington; d. April 16, 1856. 186 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 125 126 85-99- 99-127 128130131 94-109- 109-133 136 Hiram, b. May 1, 1826. Ophelia, b. 1829 ; d. Oct. 10, 1831. Pelatiah P. Pierce m. Dec. 25, 1833, PauUna Burbank, dau. of Col. Sullivan Burbank. Sullivan, b, Nov. 6, 1834. He was drowned' whUe sweating on the ice, Dec. 15, 1849. Ellen, b. AprU 27, 1836. 129 Paulina, b. Nov. 6, 1838. Emily R,,b, 1841 ; d. Sept. 14, 1843. EmUy A., b, Feb. 20, 1845. 132' Frank D,, b. Jan. 2, 1851. Loring S. Pierce m. April 23, 1846, Frances A, Harrington, dau. of Lewis and Sally (Dudley) Harrington. He has fiUed the office of selectman and assessor several years. George L,, b. Feb. 22, 1847. Alfred, b, Feb. 10, 1858. 134 Gertrude; b. AprU 2, 1853. THE PLUMER FAMILY. Francis Plumer was born in Newbury, Berkshire county, Eng land. He and his two sons were of a party of twenty-three who came over in 1633, and settled in Ipswich. They moved, 1636, to the north side of Parker river, so named in honor of their pastor. Rev. Thomas Parker, and called the place Newbury. Francis Plumer was made freeman 1634, and d. July 17, 1672. The descendants have been quite distinguished — five of whom have been members of Congress. Samud, his son, b. 1619, and d. 1682 ; Sylvanus, son of Samuel, b. 1658, d. 1724; Samud, son of Sylvanus, was b. 1684, d. 1760; Samuel, son of Sarauel, was b. 1722, d- 1803; William, son of Samuel, was b. 1769, and d. 1850. Samuel Plumer, with his son WiUiam, then but a lad, moved to Epping, N. H. WillUara became one of the most prominent men in New Hampshire. He represented the State in the U. S. Senate, and also filled the Execu tive chair of the State. He was for many years one of the leading lawyers and statesmen, at a period when the State was not wanting In able men. William Plumer, the son of Gov. WUliam, was b, 1789, and d. 1864. He was honored by his fellow citizens with many offices of trust, and was elected to Congress. William Plumer, son of the preceding, was b. Nov. 29, 1823 ; grad. H. C. 1846, entered the law school, then in charge of Judge Story, and was admitted to the bar, 1848. Oct. 2, 1860, ra. Eraily J. Lord, dau. of Joseph H. and Judith M. Lord of Camb,, and moved to Lex. During the late rebellion, he entered the service of the United States, and commanded a company of shaifpshooters. He received an injury at the Battle of Gettysburg, which induced him to leave the service. His children were born in Lexington. William, b, Sept. 6, 1861, EdUh Mansfield, b, Feb, 27, 1853. Margard Frost, b. Aug. 8, 1864. 5 Grace Herbert, b, Jan. 28', 1866, Edward Lord, b, Oct. 7, 1857 ; d. June 24, 1858. Mary Elizabdh, b. July 27, 1859. 8 Annie Dow, b, March 7, 1861. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 187 ¦THE POULTER FAMILY. The Poulters were of German descent, though they came to this country from England. .John Poulter was in Billerica 1676. He m. Bachel EUot of Braintree. John Poulter, who was at Cam- brlge Farms in 1693, was probably son of John of Billerica. He probably ra. Hannah Hammond of Watertown. Jonathan Poul ter appears in the precinct about the same time as John. They were probably brothers. While we cannot give a fuU and connected view of the family, we can present the following. Jonathan Poulter and his wife, Elizabeth, were ad. to the ch. in Lex. 1697. They had at least seven chUdren. Abigail, b, Sept. 3, 1692; EUzabeth, h, Feb. 6, 1694; Hannah, b. Nov. 12, 1697; Mary,b. Jan. 11, 1700; Bachel, b. May 11, 1702; Jonathan, b, Jan. 11, 1706, probably d. May 2, 1707 ; Submit, b. June 16, 1708. Jonathan, the 'father, d. May 27, 1708, and his wid. d. July 9, 1741. JoHl; Poulter m. Hannah Hammond and had a family, a perfect list of which we are unable to give. We find the following only, Sarah Poulter, bap. Dec. 30, 1799, John owning the covenant. Sarah m. about 1719, WUliam Eeed, 2d. Her mother being a Hammond, and her grandmother an EUot, will account for those names in the Reed family. Mary, a dau. of John Poulter, was bap. J.m. 12, 1700. She was ad. to the ch. 1728. Catharine, bap. April 25, 1703, d. Aug. 19, 1705 ; Eliot, b, June 19, 1709. .John Poulter, the father, d. July 22, 1744, and his wife d. Dec. 12, 1736. John Poulter was selectman, 1718. They resided in the neighborhood of the Reeds- THE PRESTON FAMILY. Marshall Preston came to Lex. from BUlerica In 1849. His family record, as far as ascertained. Is as follows : Amariah Preston of Connecticut, m. Elizabeth Warren of New ton, Mass., and r. in Uxbridge. She d. about 1756, and he m. a second wife. He d. In Roxbury, Delaware Co., N. Y., Feb. 27, 1834, at the advanced age of 96. He had a son bearing his own name. .1- 2 Amariah Preston, b. Feb. 5, 1768 ; ra. Oct. 18, 1790, Hannah Eeed of Bedford. She d. Feb. 8, 1795, and he m. May 16, 1796, Ruhamah Lane, dau. of John and Rebecca, who d.'Oct. 2, 1826. Mr. Preston had an eventful life. His raother dying when he was about two years old, he was put out, as the term was, and after living In Uxbridge, Mass., and Ashford, Conn., he went to DIghton, Mass., to learn a trade. In 1777, he entered the Continental army and served three years. In 1785, he commenced the study of medicine and estabUshed himself In Bedford, where he practiced forty-five years. His wife dying, and'he being in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and not affluent in his circumstances, he left Bedford to reside with his son, Hervey N. Preston, then practicing medicine In Ply mouth. His son dying soon after his arrival, he immediately entered upon his practice, and though advanced in life, he retrieved his fortune by continuing in practice till he was eighty-seven years of age. He then left Plymouth to reside with his son Marshall at Billerica. Soon after this his son removed to Lex., and the old gentleman came with him, where he spent the remainder of his days. He d. :Oct. 29, 1853, aged 95 years, 8 months, and 24 days. He 188 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2- 34 6 6 789 2-3- 3-10 11 retained his faculties both bodily and mental to the last ; and his whole life furnishes a remarkable instance of energy and perseverance. ^Marshall, b. June 5, 1792 ; m. Feb. 12, 1824, Maria Parker. Hannah, b. Jan. 8, 1795; d. Aug. 8, 1810, Amariah, b. June 21, 1798 ; d. March 22, 1831, in N, Y, State, Ezekiel Warren, b. July 8, 1800; d. Sept. 7, same year, Ezekid Warren, b, Dec. 24, 1802 ; r. in N. Y. State. Hervey N,, b, June 21, 1806 ; d. July 14, 1837. Lovice M., b. Feb. 19, 1809; d. June 18, 1843. Marshall Preston ra. Feb. 12, 1824, Maria Parker of BUlerica, dau. of John and Susan (Minot) Parker, b. Oct. 10, 1797. He read law with his uncle, Warren Preston, in Maine, and was admitted to the bar at Augusta. He subsequently estabUshed an office In Billerica, where he practiced till he came, to Lex. in 1849. He held important town offices in BUlerica, and was for many years assistant clerk of the courts In Middlesex county, which office he held till 1863, when his health falling, he retired from the place he had so faithfully filled. They are both living. George Henry, b. June 6, 1825 ; m. Jan. 1, 1855, Catharine R. Faulkner of Bil. He grad. at H. C. 1846, read law and practiced In Boston, where he resides. They have several children. Susan Crosby, b. Sept. 21, 1831; d. Nov. 25, 1851. PUFFER.— Sylvester Puffer, b. in Sudbury, May 19, 1810 ; ra. April 18, 1839, Catharine Brown of Burlington, b. June 29, 1819. She d. May 18, 1866, dged 46. They have had the following chil., all but the oldest b. in Lex. George S., b. in Acton, Feb. 13, 1840; Mary C„ b. Jan. 12, 1842; Charles H., b. Dec. 30, 1843; he entered the service of the United States in the late Rebellion, and d. at Alexandria, Va., of a wound received at Fredericksburg, Feb. 5, 1863; WUliam E,, b. Jan. 28, 1846; Sarah E., b. July 7, 1849 ; Lucy A., b. June 22, 1852; Reuben W., b. AprU 28, 1864, d. May 1, 1864; Alvin H, b. Feb. 22, 1856. He came to Lex. about 1841. THE RAYMOND FAMILY. The Raymonds were never very numerous in Lexington, though at one time there were several of that name. We are not able to fix the time when they came to Lexington. We find upon the tax bill of 1733 the names of Jonathan Raymond and Jonathan Raymond, jr. , and in the following year Jonathan, jr., was chosen one of the fence viewers in Lexington. Samuel Raymond and his wife, Sarah, were admitted to the church, Jan. 26, 1737, by a letter from the church in Beverly. Richard Raymond was in Salem in 1634, and the name was quite common in Beverly at an early day. As Samuel Eaymond came from Beverly, It Is highly probable that Jonathan came from the same place, as they were brothers. As Jonathan Eaymond In 1733 bore the addition of jr., it is probable that his father was In the town also at that time. Jonathan Eaymond, sen., was the father both of Jonathan and Samuel. In his wiU, dated Aug. 16, 1742, and proved Nov. 22, 1742, he says, "To my beloved sons Jonathan Raymond and Samuel Raymond I give twenty shillings each, which, with what I have already possessed them with, is what I devise to them out of my GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 189 1- 10 1-2- 2-11 12 1416 1-3- 3-16 17 1819 20 21 22 24 2-15- 16-25 27 28 3-17- 17-29 3132 estate." He also mentions In his wUl his wife. Charity, to whom he gives among other things. " the use of my boy Robin." He mention? further, sons, Thomas, William, Bartholomew, and Josiah, and dau. Sarah Tidd, deceased, Mehitabel, and Charity. The birth of a part of these children are borne upon the Lexington records, though most of them were born before he came to Lexington, She d. March 9, 1768, aged 87. ^Samuel, b. ra. Sarah ¦ ^Jonathan, b. Feb. 27, 1702 ; m. Hepzibah Thomas, b. . 5 WilUam, b, Sarah, b. — . 7 Josiah, b. - Bartholomew, b. Mehitabd, b. Oct. 12, 1721 ; ad, to the ch. In Lex. July 18, 1742 ; she m. Stephen Locke. Charity, b. Sept. 15, 1724; m. Thomas Blodgett. Samuel Raymond m. Sarah , They were ad. to the ch, in Lex. Jan. 26, 1737. Sarah, b. Nov. 6, 1730; m. AprU 12, 1763, Thoraas Smith, Charity, b. Dec. 12, 1733. , 13 Samuel, b. Dec. 4, 1736, Jonah, b. Sept. 18, 1738 ; ra. March 23, 1762, Submit Whittemore. ^Bartholomew, b. May 7, 1742. Jonathan Raymond ra. Hepzibah . They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 9, 1766, by a letter from Beverly. He d. Aug. 9, 1760, and she ra. Dec. 29, 1763, Thomas Munroe of Concord. Hepzibah, b. Sept. 19, 1729 ; ra. Dec. 13, 1751, Dr. Joseph Fiske. ^John, b. Sept. 6, 1731. He was of Capt. Parker's co. in 1776. ^Jonathan, b. Sept. 17, 1734; m. Oct. 4, 1766, Susannah White. Elizabeth, b. April 10, 1737 ; ra. Aug. 17, 1756, Ebenezer Winship. Mary, b. Aug. 20, 1740 ; ra. Feb. 2, 1767, Nathaniel Piper. Hannah, b. Aug, 27, 1742 ; m. Feb. 16, 1762, Samuel Reed. Danid, b. March 18, 1744. 23 Joseph, b. May 31, 1747. Ruth, b. March 24, 1752. Bartholome-w Raymond m. Mehitabel Mallett of Charlestown, to which place he removed lefore the opening of the Revolution. He run a ferry-boat across Charles River, before the building of Charles River Bridge. He d. 1831, aged 71 ; she d. 1828, aged 76. Bartholomew, b, Sept. 1, 1776 WUliam, b, Aug, 8, 1786, Samuel, b, July 26, 1788. He m. a Miss Wheeler of Bolton are both dead. 26 Mehitabd, b. May 29, 1780. They John Raymond m. Rebecca . He was killed by the British soldiers on the 19th of April, in a brutal and cowardly raanner. He was infirm, and was tending bar at the Munroe Tavern. The British entered the house and helped themselves to whatever the house afforded. They compelled Raymond to wait upon them, and after they had imbibed freely, they became noisy and tumultuous, and Raymond being alarmed for his personal safety, was In the act of leaving the house, when he was shot down by these vandals. John, b. Nov. 24, 1763. 30 Eliakim, b, July 29, 1765. Bebecca, b, Oct. 7, 1768 ; m. Ebenezer Danforth and went South. Isaac, b. March 9, 1770. 33 Edmund, b, Aug. 17, 1773. 82 190 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 3-18- 1- 2 2- 3 578 9 10 11121314 4-11- JoNATHAN R.AYMOND m. Oct. 4, 1756, Susauua White, dau._ of Joseph and Hannah White. They probably Uved for a short period in ¦\Vat., as we find the following record of the baptism of one of their children. " Baptized Mary Eaymond, dau, of Jonathan, jr., the parents having owned the covenant in Watertown." They had a family of eleven children, six sons and five dau. Among them were Susanna, b. March 28, 1757 ; Mary, bap. Nov. 28, 1759 ; Hepzibah, bap. Jan. 3, 17G2. They removed to Westminster about 1763, where most of his children were born, and whore he d. about 1783. Me was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Some of his descendants are found In Westminster at the present day. There are at the present time, Eaymonds in town, but from a different family, though probably of the same original stock, and not till recently resident in this place. William Raymond emigrated from England and settled first at Salem and afterward at Beverly. He had four children. Daniel Eay.mond, his second son, ra. Abigail Balch, 1714. He moved to Marblehead. He and his eldest son died in the expedition to Louisburg, 1745. Freeborn Raymond, the youngest son of Daniel, b. Feb. 20, 1741, m. about 1761, Mary Young. She d. and he m. about 1778, Sarah Powers. He d. Feb. 11, 1817. He had sixteen chUdren b. in Athol. Freeborn R.4.ymond, eldest son of the foregoing, b. June 4, 1762, m. first, Lucinda Graves, and had one son. She d. and he in. second. Lois Kendall, and third, Jane Rich, who d. March 15, 1865. He d. July 3, 1824. He had the foUowing chUdren. Wyman, b. Jan. 31, 1788. 6 Freeman C, b, Dec. 13, 1801. Louisa K., b. Sept. 2, 1803. Freeborn F., b. Dec. 2, 1805 ; d. 1808. Tliatcher R., b, March 9, 1808 ; d. June 17, 1860. Lucinda G., b. Nov. 20, 1810. ]FreebomF„ b. Oct. 19, 1812, at Athol. Jane T., b. Aug. 9, 1815, at Jaffrey, N. H. Eliza Ann, b. July 20, 1818; d. Nov. 11, 1837. Joseph P., b. July 1, 1821, at Nashua, N. H. Freeborn F. Eaymond m. June 12, 1855, Sarah E. Elchardson, dau. of A. P. and Betsey (Reed) Richardson of Lex. He took up his residence in Lex. about the time of his marriage, but does busi ness in Boston. Their children are Franklin F., b. May 2, 1856 ; Helen E., b. May 25, 1859, d. Aug. 23, 1863; Hairy S,, b. May 18, 1866. THE REED FAMILY. The Reeds came to Cambridge Farms from Woburn In 1686. They were in the country much earlier. There is considerable diffi culty In tracing the residence of the first ancestor of this family, arising from the fact that there are several persons among the early emigrants of the same name. But there is evidence which we deem reliable, that William Eeed and his wife, Mabel, with three of their children, viz., George, then six years old, Ealph, five years old, and GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 191 1-2- 2-10 11 12 1314 1516171819 2021 2-15- Justus, eighteen months, came to New England from London, in the ship Defence, in 1635. He was at that time forty-eight years old, and his wife thirty. He settled first at Dorchester ; but like many of the early settlers raoved from place to place, at least temporarily. In 1639, he sold his real estate in Dorchester and raoved to Scituate. where he was constable in 1644, While there he sent his wife to Dorchester on horse-ba'ck with an infant to be baptized ; he being a raember of the church in that place. He was probably a resident at Muddy River (now Brookline) in 1648, when he purchased of Nicho las Davis a farm in Woburn of some sixty acres, "with all the barns, out-houses, fences, and all to the same belonging." He probably ino\ed to Woburn soon after he made this purchase, and resided there a few years, when he and his wife returned to England, where he died at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1656. He made his will, ap pointing no executor, and Oliver Cromwell made his wife, Mabel, executrix, on the last day of October, 1656 ; and she returned to this country to their children, then In Woburn, Nov. 21, 1660. She m, Henry Sumner of Woburn, whom she survived, and d. in the family of her son George, June 15, 1690, aged 85 years. Most of the Reeds of Lexington descended from William Reed and Mabel, his wife, whose maiden name was probably Kendall. ^George, b. In Eng. 1629 ; m. Oct. 4, 1652, Elizabeth Jennison. Ralph, b. In Eng. 1630 ; m. Mary Pierce of Wat. and d. in Woburn, Jan. 4, 1712, aged 81, and left issue. Justus, b, in Eng. 1633 ; d. before his parents went to England. Abigail, b, probably in Dor. ; m. Oct. 2, 1650, Francis Wyman. Bdhia, b. probably in Dorchester; m. Apr. 28, 1657, John Johnson, son of Capt. Edward, Author of " Wonder-Working Providence." Israel, b. 1642; m. Mary, dau. of Francis KendaU, his cousin. Sarah, b, ; m. Sept. 10, 1662, Samuel Walker. Rebecca, b, ; m. Joseph Winn. The above named children all resided In Woburn. George, Ralph, and Israel had large families, making the name of Reed quite com mon in that town. George Eeed m. Oct. 4, 1652, Elizabeth Jennison, dau. of Eobert Jennison of Wat. She was b. April 12, 1637, and d. Feb. 26, 1665. He m. Nov. 9, 1665, Hannah Eockwell of Charlestown. He had eight children by his first wife, and five by his last. He d. Feb. 21, 1706, aged 77. Elizabeth, b, July 29, 1653; m. Dec. 15, 1676, David Fiske of Wat.' ¦Twins, b, Nov. 14, 1664; d. without names. Samuel, b, AprU 29, 1656 ; ra. April 19, 1679, Elizabeth Munsal. Abigail, b. June 27, 1658 ; m. Sept. 18, 1694, Nathaniel Elchardson. George, b. Sept. 14, 1660 ; m. Feb. 18, 1684, Abigail Pierce. He was deacon of the church many years, and d. Jan. 20, 1756. William, b. Sept. 22, 1662 ; m. May 24, 1686, Abigail KendaU. Sarah, b. Feb. 12, 1665 ; m. Dec. 12, 1685, Eobinson. Hannah, b, Feb. 18, 1669 ; ra. Elson. John, b, March 18, 1671 ; m. June 10, 1697, Ruth Johnson. Mary.b. June 15, 1674; m. 1697, Matthew Johnson. Timothy, b. Oct. 20, 1678 ; ra. Persis KendaU. Thomas, b. July 15, 1682 ; ra. Feb. 1, 1704, Sarah Sawyer. William Reed ra. May 24, 1686, Abigail Kendall of Woburn. She had extra fingers and toes, and from this blood that excrescence 192 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 15-22 23 2425262728 15-23- 23-29 30 313233 34 3536 37 38 has cropped out from generation to generation in some branches of the family. William Reed, or Capt, Reed as he was generally called, may be regarded as the ancestor of the greater part of the Eeeds of Lexington, though there were others of the name, who will be no ticed hereafter. He was one of th3 raost prominent citizens of the precinct and town. He was a justice of the peace, filled the office of selectman, and represented the tpwn in the General Court several years. He was equaUy prominent In the church, being one of the original members. He purchased land In the north-westerly part of the township, and located himself on what Is now known as Bedford street, near the residence of the late Christopher Eeed. He added to his real estate from time to time, and became a large land-holder, and so was able to leave a good farm to each of his three sons, A portion of his lands has remained In the family to the present day. The neighborhood of Capt. Eeed's residence was at one time the most populous of any part of the town out of the village. In addi tion to the Eeeds, which were quite numerous, the Hewses, Trasks, Poulters, Kendalls, Lawrences, Dunklees, and Fassetts all resided on or near Bedford street. No family of the early settlers has sus tained its standing, through all periods of the town's history, better than the Eeeds. He d. May 12, 1718, aged 66, and she d. Oct. 12, 1734, Abigail, b. May 29, 1687 : m. Jonathan Fiske and raoved to Sud. WUliam, b. July 18, 1693; m. Sarah Poulter. Mary, b, April 8, 1696 ; m. April 8, 1714, Dea. John Stone, and d. Oct. 1, 1772. ^Benjamin, b. Oct. 22, 1696 ; m. Bebecca Stone. Samuel, b, Oct. 20, 1699 ; d. April 3, 1711. ^Joshua, b. June 20, 1702 ; m. Elizabeth Eussell. Hepzibah, b. Dec, 10, 1705 ; ra, April 19, 1724, Daniel Tidd, William Eeed ra. Sarah Poulter, dau. of John, about 1719. He was an active and efficient man, both In the church and in the town. He held for many years a coramlsslon of justice of the peace, and did considerable business in that capacity ; and was well known in the town and vicinity by the appellation of ''Squire Reed. He was very popular with the people, and received all the honors in their gift. Besides minor offices, he was selectman eleven years, and representative seventeen years. He was also a captain in the mili tia, and was out with a portion of his company In the French war, in 1765, He d, Feb. 11, 1778, aged 85 ; she d, Nov, 25. 1769, He resided in the house owned by the late Christopher Eeed on Bedford street, flFiZZtam, b, Jan. 1, 1720; ra. Jan. 1, 1741, AbigaU Stone. {Samuel, b. May 4, 1722 ; m. Eunice Stone. Sarah, b, June 3, 1726 ; m. Dec. 23, 1742, Benjamin Brown. Mary, b, March 10, 1728 ; m. May 4, 1763, WUUam Bowman. Oliver, b, March 26, 1730 ; m. April 11, 1754, Sarah Bridge, who was b. Dec. 21, 1735. They moved to Bedford, where they had Oliver, b. 1756, Sarah, b. 1757, Reuben, b, 1759, and Mary, b. 1763. John, b. May 28, 1731 ; m. Buhamah Brown ; r. In Bedford, Jan. 18, 1763. ^Hammon, b. April 28, 1734; ra. Betty Simonds. Eliot, b. AprU 28, 1737 ; m. May 3, 1767, Joseph Bridge. Hannah, b, Oct. 21, 1740 ; m. April 14, 1761, John Bridge. •[Nathan, b, Nov. 9, 1743 ; m. AprU 30, 1782, Mary Page. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 193 16-26- 26-39 40 41 4243 4445 4647 48 15-27- 27-49 6061 62 6354 23-29- 29-56 66575859 6061 6263 6465 23-30- Benjamin Eeed m. Rebecca Stone, dau. of Samuel and Dorcas (Jones) Stone, b. 1696. She d. and he ra. July 19, 1753, Mrs. Hannah Estabrook, wid. of Dea. Joseph Estabrook, and dau. of Jo seph Bowman. He d. Dec. 26, 1766. Like his brother William, he was frequently called by his townsmen to places of honor and trust. He was constable, assessor, selectman nine years, and representative ten years. He was a major in the militia when that office was filled by the most prominent citizens. He was also justice of the peace. He d. July 13, 1789, aged 93 ; she d. AprU 1, 1768. Benjamin, b. May 13, 1718 ; moved to Holden. Abigail, b. March 30, 1720 ; d. Sept. 12. 1734. Jonas, b, June 7, 1722 ; he was dismissed from the church in Lex. to the ch. In Rutland, Nov. 1763. Bebecca, b. Nov. 25, 1724 ; ra. John Muzzy. \lsaac, b, July 30, 1727 ; ra. April 22, 1764, Mary Bridge. Jonathan, b, March 8, 1729 ; m. Jan. 30, 1754, Sarah Lawrence ; r. at Littleton. Thaddeus, b. June 17, 1732 ; d. April 21, 1741. Dorcas, b. July 18, 1734; m. Oct. 16, 1750, David Cutler. ¦> Samud, b. AprU 3, 1737 ; m. Feb. 16, 1762, Hannah Raymond ; r. at Littleton. Ruth, b, Nov. 9. 1741 ; m. Dec. 13, 1759, Ebenezer Estabrook. Joshua Eeed m. Jan. 21, 1725, Elizabeth Russell, dau. of Jona than and EUzabeth. She d. Feb. 29, 1744; he d. Oct. 15, 1755. The inventory of his estate shows the manners and customs of the times, by giving us a, warming-pan, fiMC-comb, box-heater, pillion, &c, Elizabdh, b. Feb. 28, 1726 ; ra. Jonathan Winship. Hepzibah, b. March 8, 1728 ; d. about 1754. \Joshua, b. May 15, 1730 ; was twice raarried. James, b, . Joseph, b. June 21, 1739 ; r. at Rutland. Rebecca S,, b, . William Reed m. Jan. 1, 1741, Abigail Stone. She d. Nov. 30, 1773, and he m. Lydia Ingalls. He d. Oct. 9, 1813, aged 93 ; she d. March 9, 1817. William, b, Oct. 2, 1742 ; m. Dec. 1, 1768, Elizabeth Davis. Abigail, b. Sept. 22, 1744; m. Jan. 21, 1766, WiUiam Grimes. Sarah, b. May 14, 1747 ; ra. Dec. 6, 1770, Oliver Bacon. Nathanid, b. June 2, 1749 ; m, Jan. 16, 1772, Hepzibah Bateman of Bedford. Mary, b, July 17, 1761 ; m. April 28, 1774, Moses Harrington. Beulah, b. May 4, 1753 ; ra. June 28, 1787, Abel Johnson of Boston. \Thaddeus, b, Aug. 26, 1766; ra. AnnaLongley of Littleton. Josiah, b, Aug, 25, 1757 ; was twice ra, ; d. without issue. Hannah,b. Oct. 8, 1758; m, Nov, 28, 1782, James Danforth of Fitchburg, MiUy, b, April 26, 1762 ; d, unm. in Boston. Esther, b, Oct. 25, 1765 ; d. unm. Nov. 24, 1786. Samuel Reed m. Eunice Stone and raoved to what is now Bur lington, where he had a large family. Moses, one of his sons, m. April 23. 1770, Sarah Whittemore of Lex. and moved to this. place, where they were ad. to the ch. Jan. 27, 1771. They had Whitte more, b, Feb. 18, 1771 ; Moses, b. Aug. 10, 1773 ; Sa/rah, b. April 1, 1775 ; Abel, b. May 8, 1777 ; and Elizabeth, b. Ffeb. 17, 1779. 194 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 23-35- 35-66 6768 69 7071 23-38- 38-72 73747676 777879 25-43- 27-51- 61-80 81828384 85 29-65- 56-86 87 90 91 Hammon Reed m. April 13, 1767, Betty Simonds. He was one of the gallant band who struck for liberty, April 19, 1776. He filled several important to-wn offices, being five years selectman during the most Important period of our history,-and was one of the Comraittee of Safety, 1778. She d. Feb. 2, 1816 ; he d. July 12, 1817. Bdty, b. Dec. 12, 1757 ; m. May 30, 1780, James Brown. Lydia, b. July 11, 1760; m. Nov. 6, 1786, Thomas Locke of Wo. f Hammon, b. Feb. 24, 1763 ; ra. Oct. 26, 1786, Sarah Chandler. Patty, b. Dec. 6, 1765 ; m. Nov. 28, 1786, Amos Marrett. Sarah, b. June 22, 1770 ; d. young. Benjamin, b. Oct. 22, 1774; d. young. Nathan Eeed ra. April 30, 1772, Mary Page of Bedford, dau. of Christopher and Susanna Page. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. Jan. 24, 1773. He was subsequently chosen deacon, which office he held from 1787 to 1808, when he resigned on account of III health. He d. Nov. 17, 1811, aged 68; she d. May 17, 1831, aged 84. He was one of the band which faced the British in 1775. He served as selectman several years. He was a large land-holder in Lex. and elsewhere. Nathan, b. Feb. 7, 1773 ; d. Aug. 1, 1775. •[Nathan, b. Sept. 15, 1776 ; m. Polly Muzzy. Mary, b. Oct. 20, 1778; m. Dec. 3, 1799, John Merriam of Bed. Sarah, b. July 1, 1781. She Is living. In her eighty-seventh year. Hiram, b, June 22, 1784; d. Feb. 8, 1808, unm. Susanna W., b. Dec. 10, 1786; ra. 1816, John Chandler, and d. Dec. 19, 1863, leaving one dau. Sarah Chandler. Hannah, b. Sept. 4, 1789 ; d. Aug. 30, 1854, unm, ^Christopher, b, March 18, 1792; m. Betsey Gibson of Francestown, N. H. Isaac Eeed ra. April 2, 1754, Mary Bridge, dau. of John Bridge, b. AprU 19,-1733. He had one child, Isaac, b. May 18, 1755, in Lex. He moved to Littleton. Joshua Eeed m. Nov. 27, 1753, Mrs. Susanna Houghton of Lancaster. He was one of Capt. Parker's co. 1775, and was one of the selectraen In the eventful period of the Eevolution, Betty, b, Nov. 26, 1754; m. Jan, 6, Ebenezer Muzzy, ^Joshua, b. Sept. 11, 1756 ; he was twice married. Susanna, b. March 11, 1759 ; m. Jonas Bridge. Hepzibah, b. Feb. 26, 1769 ; ra. May 10, 1790, WiUiam Wait of Greenfield. James, b, Dec. 15, 1771 ; ra. Susanna Ston'e of Eindge, N. H. Rebecca, bap. June 26, 1774; ra. Feb. 22, 1801, David Walt of Deerfield, a brother of WllUara, who raarried her sister. William Eeed ra. Dec. 1, 1768, Elizabeth Davis of Bed. He was In Parker''s co. on the 19th of AprU, and marched with them to Camb. June 17, 1775. Elizabdh, b, March 7, 1770. William, b. May 11, 1772 ; d. AprU 3, 1776. Abigail, b. May 8, 1774. 89 Ruthy, b. June 9, 1776. William, b. April 6, 1778. Lydia, b, Nov. 3, 1780; d. March 6, 1822, nnm. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 195 29-61- 61-92 9394969697 98 36-68- 68- 99 100101102 103 104 38-73- 73-105 106 107 108 38-79- 61-81- 81-109 110 111 68-100- 100-112 113 Thaddeus Reed m. Anna Longley of Littleton. His second son, William, came home from New York, 1824, with the small pox, and gave It to the family, of which both the parents, and his brother Thaddeiis' wife, died. Luther Prescott, husband of their dau. Anna, also fell a victim to the same disease, the same year. Edmund, b. Oct. 20, 1788. Esther, b. Aug. 16, 1790 ; m. April 21, 1812, John Parker. WUliam, b. Fob. 13, 1792. Thaddeus, b, Oct. 1, 1794; ra. Dec. 8, 1819, Phebe Prescott of Con. Anna, b. Feb. 12, 1797 ; m. Jan. 6, 1819, Luther Prescott of Con. Augustus, b. June 27, 1799. Levi, b. July 24, 1801. Hammon Reed m. Oct. 26, 1786, Sarah Chandler, dau. of John and Beulah (Merriam) Chandler, b. Feb. .27, -1764, She d. April 24, 1864, aged 90 ; he d. Ang. 31, 1848, aged 85. Sarah, b. May 17, 1788 ; d. Nov. 10, 1788. \Benjamin, b. Jan. 20, 1790 ; m. Bethia L. Webber. SaUy, b. June 21, 1792 ; m. AprU, 1817, WiUiam Nichols of Bur. Betsey, b. June 15, 1799 ; m. June 26, 1823, Aaron P. Richardson. ^r^^/' \ twins,b. Jan. 26, 1804 ; 5 -^^ '" """^^J^ 'ic^oT^t^u -r « •„ Almira, ^ ' ' ' J m. Jan. 29, 1829, Eben R. Smith. Nathan Reed m. Aug. 30, 1797, Mary Muzzey, dau. of .Tohn and Rebecca (Munroe) Muzzey. He d. July 20, 1836, aged 60, \Cijrus, b. Nov. 9, 1798 ; m. April 4, 1824, Sarah Jewett. Nathan Horatio, b. Sept. 28, 1805; m. April 20, 1841, LuzUla Meigs. They had one child, who is living In Wisconsin. He d. March 11, 1854; she d. Jan. 9, 1868. Hiram, b, Feb. 8, 1810 ; d. March 30, 1854, unm. Marshall, b. Oct. 4, 1816 ; d. July 31, 1837. Christopher Reed m. Betsey Gibson of Francestown, N. He d. Sept. 25, 1861. They had one child, William Eustis. H. Joshua Reed m. Sept. 11, 1780, Susanna Leathers. She d. Sept. 8, 1802, and he m. Elizabeth Brooks of Line. He d. Sept. 8, 1826. He was a member of Capt. Parker's company. ^Charles, b, July 10, 1781 ; ra. Almira Muzzy. Susanna, b. Jan. 30, 1783; m. Nov, 30, 1813, John Mulliken. Phebe, b. Aug. 28, 1792 ; ra. Oct. 2, 1822, Thomas Greenleaf. Benjamin Eeed m. Feb. 3, 1825, Bethia L. Webber of Bedford, dau. of John and Bethia (Lane) Webber. He was a prominent citi zen, being one of the selectmen six years. He also held the com mission of captain in the militia. He d. Oct. 16, 1860, aged 71 years. Frances Walker, b. Dec. 21, 1825; d. AprU 4, 1863, unm. Hammon, b. Sept. 25. 1829 ; m. Oct. 19, 1856, Sylvia Wadsworth of MUford, N. H., dau. of Samuel and Ehoda (Fitch) Wadsworth, He has filled the offices of overseer of the poor and of selectman several years, and also holds a commission of justice of the peace. They have three children, George H., b. Jan. 31, 1858 ; WUliam W,, b, June 28, 1859 ; Sylvia B., b. May 21, 1864, 196 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 73-105- 105-114 116116 81-109- 109-117 1- 2 2- 3 3- 46 6 7 1011 3-4- 4-12 13 14 15161718 19 Cyrus Reed m. April 4, 1824, Sarah Jewett of Boxboro'. John Muzzy, b. May 24, 1826 ; m. June 7, 1866, Alice L. Hobart of Hingham. They have one child, Louisa Hobart, b, April 19, 1867. George Henry, b. May 7, 1831. Catharine Eliza, b, Jan. 30, 1832. Charles Eeed m. Oct. 23, 1817, Almira Muzzy, dau. of Amos and Lydia (Boutelle) Muzzy. She d. Nov. 15, 1819, aged 26 years, and he m. June 28, 1821, Martha WeUington. He d. May 19, 1846, aged 65 ; she d. May 10, 1838. He was a popular and influential man. He held the office of selectman twelve years, assessor five years, town clerk seven years, and town treasurer seven years. Charles M., b, Sept. 12, 1819. 118 Henry S., b. June 29, 1822. There is another family of Eeeds In Lexington, which have been In the place several generations ; and though they do not claim any relationship with the descendants of William Eeed of Lexington, are nevertheless from the same stock. George Eeed, the oldest son of the original emigrant, and father of William Eeed, who settled In Cambridge Farms, now Lexington, had a large family, and among his children was Timothy Eeed (No. 20, in the Eeed family) b. Oct. 20, 1678, He was a younger brother of William. He ra. Persis Kendall and resided In Wo. They had among other children, Jacob, b. 1714. Jacob Eeed m. He resided in Wo. June 19, 1741, Elizabeth French of Billerica, They had a family of seven children. Isaac Reed, the youngest child of the foregoing, b. Aug. 9, 1756, m. April 27, 1780, Susanna Munroe, dau. of William Munroe. She d. 1828, aged 75 ; he d. April 20, 1848, aged 92. ^saac, b. Jan. 12, 1781 ; m. EUzabeth Munroe. Susan, b. Oct. 16, 1782. William, b. March 14, 1786; m. Rebecca Gardner. He d. 1861. Oliver, b. Aug. 4, 1787 ; m. Sarah Thayer. Thomas, b, Jan. 18, 1790; m. Relief Pratt, and d. 1829. •[Reuben, b, March 25, 1792 ; was twice married. Hugh M., b. Dec. 23, 1793 ; d. 1821, unm. Enos, b. Aug. 21, 1796 ; m. Sarah Gardner. Isaac Reed m. April 24, 1804, EUzabeth Munroe, dau. of Phile mon and EUzabeth (Wafte) Munroe. He probably came to Lex. about the time of his marriage. He d. Nov. 10, 1864, aged 73 ; she d, Oct, 24, 1865, aged 80 years, Emeline, b. June 10, 1805 ; d. Dec, 22, 1822. Susan E„ b. Deo, 16, 1807; m. AprU 9, 1855, WilUam K. Fowle of Roxbury, Isaac E., b, Jan. 2, 1810; d. Dec. 31, 1836. Adeline, b. Jan. 10, 1812 ; m. Nov. 2, 1842, James Parker. They have one child, James Emory, b. Aug. 30, 1845. William H. H., b. Nov. 26, 1813; m. Mary Crowningshield. Horatio, b, Dec. 21, 1815 ; m. Mary Phipps ; resides in New York Pamdl M„ b. April 30, 1818 ; d, Oct, 16, 1821. Edwin, b, Feb. 20, 1821 ; resides in Boston. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 197 20 21 9-22 28 24 4-16- 16-25 26 27 1- 2 3 46 6 78 1-2- 2- 9 10111213 14 1616 1-3- Hugh M., b. March 27, 1824; m. Sophia C. Lawrence, dau. of Phinehas Lawrence ; resides in Providence. Emeline P., b. Oct. 5, 1826; m. Dec. 20, 1860, WiUiam K. Fowle, the husband of her late sister Susan. Reuben Eeed m. Dec. 8, 1819, Sarah RusseU of Camb. She d. Aug. 2, 1822, and he m. Feb. 26, 1824, Mary H. WiUard of Harvard. She d. Feb. 11, 1860, aged 69 ; he d. March 4, 1864, aged 71. Reuben, b. Feb. 5, 1821 ; d. June 22, 1822. Reuben Willard, b, Jan. 12, 1825; m, Sept. 1854, Georgiana Ferren of Charlestown. They have Emmie G., b. Nov. 10, 1856; Mary Hattie. b. Sept. 7, 1860, d. Oct. 15, 1864; Lizzie Virginia, b, AprU 27, 1866. Josiah Haskell, b Feb. 12. 1827; m. Oct. 9, 1860, Clara Rebecca Gates, dau. of Howard Gates of Ashby. They have Frank Has kell, b. Dec. 26. 1862; Alice Gates, b. Aug. 21, 1864. 'William H. Harrison Reed m. Sept. 6, 1860, Mary Crowning shield, dau. of A. W. Crowningshield of Lex. He now resides In Charlestown.Mary Ella, b, March 9, 1852 ; d. Sept. 5, 1852. Julia Ella, b. June 12, 1854. Mary Alice, b. Nov. 30, 1855. There was also another family of Reeds In Woburn and Lexington, which had no connection with the William and Mabel race. If we may believe tradition, and the statement Is confirmed by many atten dant circumstances, Swethern Reed came to this country from Ireland about 1725, and settled In Boston. After remaining there a few years, he removed to Woburn, and took up his abode in that part of the town which now constitutes Burlington. S-w^ETHERN Eeed probably ra. Margery CoUens, and had a num ber of children, of whose birth we have very imperfect records. •[James, b. ; m. EUzabeth Wellington of Camb. Sept. 24, 1778. {Bobert, b, ; in. Elizabeth Hartwell of Bedford. Elizabeth, b. April, 1740 ; ra. Nov. 30, 1763, Thomas Fox. Susannah, b. ; ra. Jeduthan Wellington, 1775. Margery, b, ; m. CoUens, and went to China. Nancy, b, ; m. Nov. 14, 1780, Nathaniel Trask. Ruth, b, ; m. June 5, 1777, Matthew Farrington. James Eeed m. Sept, 24, 1778, Elizabeth WeUington of Camb. John, b. Jan. 30, 1779 ; ra. Susan Clapp. Elizabdh, b. Oct. 4, 1780 ; ra. Jedediah Stearns. James, b. April 12, 1783 ; m. Susan Johnson. Susannah, b. Aug. 10, 1786 ; ra. Rugg of Boston. Joseph, b. Sept. 9, 1787 ; ra. first, Maria Walker, and second. Box- ana Richardson. Luke, b. Sept. 6, 1789 ; m. Barbara Ross of Augusta, Ga. Artemas, b, Dec. 1, 1792 ; d. at the age of sixteen. Florinda, b. Nov. 20, 1794; m. Thomas Hersey. Robert Reed m. Elizabeth HartweU of Bedford. Woburn. She d. May 8, 1792. 83 He m. as of 198 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 3-17 18 20 1- 2 Swdhem, b. Aug. 13, 1771; m. Nov. 19, 1795, Anna Wj-man. d. Oct. 28, 1834. Elizabdh, b, April 3, 1773. 19 Robert, b, Sept. 4, 1775. Sarah, b. Feb. 22, 1778. 21 Daniel, b. Dec. 11, 1781, He Seth Reed from Charlestown came to Lexington a young man. He entered the army of the Revolution and served three years. After his return, he ra. June 26, 1796, Fanny Harrington, dau. of Thaddeus and Lydia (Porter) Harrington. She d. and he m. Lydia Harrington, sister of his first wife. After his marriage he moved to Westminster, Vt., where he remained about two years, when he returned to Lexington, where he d. Sept., 1815. Sdh, b. AprU 24, 1778 ; m. Eliza Frost of West Camb. He resides In Wo., and is the father of Joseph G. Reed of Lex. who m. June, 1851, Ann Murphy, and has Francis W., b. March 14, 1864. Lewis, b, ; m. Mary Flint of North Reading. Sylvestus S., b, ; d. young. Fanny, b. ; m. Warren Emerson of Woburn. Lydia, b. ; m. Nathaniel Hutchinson of AVoburn. Rhoda, b. ; d. 1839, aged 30, unm. Situated on the borders of Lexington, In Woburn and Burlington, it is not at all strange that individuals and even families of the name of Reed, should cross the line and live for a time In Lexington, or at least should have their names upon our Records. I find several such, and shaU give them as I find them, without attempting to trace their descent. Peter Reed m. AbigaU, and had Abigail, b. May 23, 1727, d. young; Peter, b.Feb. 16, 1729; AbigaU, b. April 2, 1731 ; Mary, b. April 3, 1733; Sarah, b. AprU 26, 1736; Thomas, b. Nov. 3, 1739; Rebecca, b. May 24, 1743. David Reed ra. Lois, and had Philip, b. April 5, 1736 ; David, b. AprU 2, 1738; Lydia, b. June 28, 1740; Silas, b. Feb. 23, 1742; Persis, b, April 11, 1745. Newhall Reed of Wo., ra. Oct. 16, 1777, Mary Harrington of Lex., dau. of Henry and Sarah (Laughton) Harrington, and had Jod, b. May 13, 1777 ; Abigail, b. July 21, 1778, and d. same day; Newhall, b. April 5, 1783, d. April 8, 1855, aged 73 ; Nathan, b. Feb. 18, 1786; Mary, b. Sept. 20, 1790, and d. young; Florinda, b. Nov. 24, 1793; Abigail, b. Nov. 21, 1795. Whether the above named families resided In Lex. or only had their associations here, we are unable to say. Their naraes are upon Lexington Records^ THE RICHARDSON FAMILY. Though the Richardsons have been numerous in Woburn and sev eral other towns In thy vicinity, there has been no permanent family of that name In Lexington till within a comparatively recent period ; and the head of this family descended from a Newbury emigrant. William Richardson was In Newbury early, and m. Aug. 23, 1654, Elizabeth Wiseman, and d. March 14, 1658. They had two children. Joseph, b. May, 1655, m. July, 1681, Margaret, dau. of Peter Godfrey and Mary Browne, who was the first white child b. In 1- 2 1- 245 6 7 1-6- 6-10 11 12 13141516 17 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 199 Newbury. They had eight children. Caleb, their youngest child, b. June 9, 1704, ra, Tryphena, dau. of Capt. Daniel and Elizabeth (Parker) Bodwell. They resided in Methuen, and had ten children. Samud, the sixth child of Caleb, b. Feb. 22, 1749, m. Lucy Parker of Westford. He was in the Revolutionary war. He d. July 16, 1836, aged 87 ; and she d. March 26, 1818, aged 64 ; they had eight children b. In Methuen, viz. Samuel, b. July 4, 1781 ; Lu.cy, b. May 28, 1783, d. Oct. 19, 1812 ; John C, b. May 4, 1785, d. Nov. 2, 1823; Bdsey P„ b. March 13, 1787, is stiU living; Ach^a, b, July 24, 1789, d. Nov. 7, 1819 ; Aaron P., b, July 22, 1791 ; William, b. AprU 26, 1794, d. Aug. 2, 1836 ; Mary, b. July 27, 1797. Aaron P. Richardson, the third son of Samuel and Lucy, ra. June 26, 1823, Betsey Reed, dau. of Hammon and Sarah (Chan dler) Reed, b. June 15, 1799, She d. April 24, 1856, aged 67. He came to Lex. April, 18":^0. Chandler R„ b, AprU 10, 1825, m. Pels. 16, 1859, Elvira L. Rich ards of Pittsfield, only child of Alfred and Harmony H. Richards, b. May 6, 1832. Sarah E,, b. July 11, 1830; m. June 12, 1855, Freeborn F. Eay mond. THE ROBBINS FAMILY. Nathaniel Robbins and Mary Brazier, his wife, came to this country from Scotland about 1670, and settled in Cambridge, where he d. 1719, aged 70 years. He was married about the tirae of his embarkation, and his children were all born in this country. He had at least eight children. Rebecca, b, Jan. 6, 1671. 3 Mary, b, Dec. 31, 1673. Deborah, b, June 6, 1674. \Nathanid, b. Feb. 28, 1677 ; m. Hannah Chandler. Jonathan, b, Nov. 21, 1680. He lived In what Is now Brighton. Thomas, b, Nov. 6, 1683. When a young man, he was passing with a team from Boston to Cambridge, on a hot summer day, when he stopped to drink at a spring and died immediately. He was unmarried. Samuel, b. May 30, 1686, He settled in Sudbury. Joseph, b. Nov, 8, 1689, Nathaniel Bobbins ra. Hannah, Chandler. About 1700 he moved to Charlestown, where he lived nearly thirty years, when he returned to Camb., where he d. Jan. 16, 1741, In his 64th year. His wife d. Sept. 16, 1738, aged 44 years. This family became quite distinguished in several of Its branches. •[Nathanid, b. 1699. Mary, b, July 22, 1701 ; m. Joseph RusseU. '[Thomas, b. Aug. 11, 1703 ; d.In Lex. June 30, 1791, aged 88. Hannah, b. June 30, 1705 ; m. Zebediah Johnson. Rebecca, b, 1707 ; ra. Patten. \Philemon, b. Sept. 19, 1709; grad. H. C. .1729. Deborah, b, March 24, 1712 ; m. Joseph Robbins. Sarah, b. ; m. Butterfield. 200 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 6-10- 6-12- 12-18 19 20 21 2223 242626272829 30 6-15- Nathaniel Bobbins m. and Uved in Charlestown, where at an early age he d., leaving two young children and a widow. He was mowing In the field In perfect health, when he feU and expired Iraraedlately. Thomas Robbins m. Ruth Johnson, who d. June 27, 1737, In her 35th year, and he m. Exene Jackson. He and his wife, Exene, were ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 9, 1754, by a letter of dismission from the Second church of Camb. He came to Lex. about 1744, as his name appears upon the tax bUl in 1745. He was a soldier in the French war from Lex. In 1758, and was enroUed in Capt. Parker's CO. in 1775. He was one of the assessors in 1746, and one of the selectmen in 1749. Several of his chUdren were born before he came to Lex., and hence we have no full record of the family, liis will, dated 1789, and proved 1791, mentions eldest son Thomas, Stephen, John, Nathaniel, and daughters Mary Mead, Susanna Wadsworth, Deborah WiUiams, Exene, Ruth, and Hannah. He d. Jan. 30, 1791, aged 89 ; she d. Feb. 5, 1786, aged 79. The first six of the children were by the first wife. \Thomas, b, about 1723. {Nathaniel, b. about 1727. Mary, b. about 1730 ; m. Mead. '[Stephen, b. about 1733; ra. Dec. 8, 1753, Sarah Wooten. Susanna, b. about 1735; ra. Wadsworth. Esther, b. about 1737. \John, b, about 1739 ; m. Oct. 14, 1761, Sarah Prentice of W. Camb. Exene, b. In Lex. Sept. 13, 1749. Deborah, b. Nov. 9, 1750 ; ra. Williaras. Ruth, b, Nov. 11, 1752. Hannah, b. Dec. 1753. ^Philemon, b. about 1756 ; ra. Sally . Ebenezer, b. . Philemon Robbins grad. H. C. 1729, entered the ministry, and was settled at Branford, Conn. He ra. Hannah Foot, 1736. She d. 1776, and he ra. wid. Jane Mills. He d. 1781. He had three sons. — one d. while in college, the other two were ministers. Ammi Ruhamah, gr&A, at Yale, 1760, settled at Norfolk, Conn., 1761. Two of his sons were ministers. Thomas, one of them, grad. at Williams, 1796, settled at Mattapoisett. He was distinguished as an antiquary, and had during his ministry collected a very extensive and valuable library relating to American history, general history, and theology. He had a large and rare collection of Bibles. He d. in 1856, aged 79, unm. Chandler Robbins, another son of Philemon, grad. at Yale, 1756, was ordained at Plymouth, Mass., 1760. He was a man of eminent talents, and his family was distinguished. His son Chandler, grad. H. C. 1782, was judge of probate at Hallowell, Me. ; Samuel P., grad. H. C. 1798, was minister at Marietta, Ohio ; Peter (?., was a physician at Roxbury, Mass. Chandler had sons Chandler, who was a physician in Boston, and William, a lawyer at Fayetteville, N. C, both graduates of Bowdoin College. Peter G. had sons Chandler, who grad. H. C. 1829, ordained at the Old North Church in Boston, 1833 ; and Samuel D., grad. Harv. Theolog. School, 1833, settled In Lynn, afterwards at Framingham, and now at Wayland. The Eobbinses mentioned above have been highly distinguished, and have received the first honors from our colleges. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER!. 201 12-18- 12-19- 12-21- 21-31 3283 34 3536 37 12-24- 24-38 40 42 12-29- 29-44 46 21-33- 33-47 4849 50 51 62 63 33-50- Thomas Bobbins was taxed in Lex. and filled important offices, but we find no record of wife or children ; he may have remained single. He was selectman in 1772, '74, '78. He d. Dec. 2, 1804, aged 82. Nathaniel Bobbins grad. H. C. 1747. He studied theology, settled at Milton, where he ra. a Hutchinson, and d. 1795. One of his sons, Edward Hutchinson, b. Feb. 19, 1768, grad. H. C. 1776. He entered the legal profession, was chosen to represent the town In the Legislature. In 1793 was chosen speaker, an office which he held nine years ; in 1812 was elected Ueut.-govemor ; In 1814 was appointed judge of probate of Norfolk county. He d. Dec. 29, 1829. Stephen Bobbins m. Dec. 8, 1753, Sarah Wooten, dau. of Capt. Wooten. She d. Dec. 16, 1791. John, b. went to Pennsylvania. Sarah, bap. March 14, 1756 ; ra. Charles Cutter of West Camb. •[Stephen, bap. Feb. 6, 1758 ; m. Abigail Winship. Philemon, bap. Nov. 11, 1759 ; d. May 30, 1829. Lucy, bap. Dec. 27, 1761 ; d. unm. Nathan, b. ; m. a Prentice, resided in West Cambridge. Deborah, bap. June 30, 1765 ; m. Blodgett. John Bobbins ra. Oct. 14, 1761, Sarah Prentice of West Camb. He was of Capt. Parker's co. in 1775. Sarah, b, March 2, 1762. John, b, Oct. 16, 1769. Ruth, b. July 9, 1774. 89 Elizabdh, b. May 26, 1766. 41 Anna, b. March 27, 1772. 43 Hannah, b, March 14, 1778. Philemon Robbins m; Sally . Sally, b. Nov. 3, 1781. * 45 Philemon, b. Dec. 9, 1783. Joshua, b. May 26,' 1785; d. Aug. 13, 1817. Stephen Robbins ra. AbigaU Winship. He d. Oct. 12, 1847, aged 89; she d. March 31, 1860, aged 90. He was a fur dresser, and introduced that business into the East Village, which contributed greatly to the growth and prosperity of the place. He, and his son Eli after him, prosecuted that branch of Industry, employing at times from eighty to one hundred hands. This of course would require dwellings, and many houses were erected In consequence of this busi ness. Similar enterprise would be productive of benefit to the town in any section thereof at the present day. Stephen, b. May 26, 1780 ; ra. June 6, 1811, Mary Harrington. He d. In Boston, Aug. 25, 1846. Samuel, b, Sept. 7, 1781. He went to Windsor, Vt., where he m. Nabby, b. July 24, 1783 ; ra. June 16, 1809, James H. Langdon of Vermont. •[Eli, b, Nov. 12, 1786 ; m. July 31, 1809, Hannah Simonds. Martin, b. July 6, 1788 ; _d. young. Lot, b. March 28, 1790; is living, unmarried. Caira, b. April 2, 1794. Eli Robbins ra. July 31, 1809, Hannah Simonds, dau. of Joshua and Martha (Bowers) Simonds. He d. Sept. 27, 1856, aged 70; 202 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. she d. Dec. 13, 1864, aged 78. He was a man of great activity and enterprise, and did much to build up the village in the east part of the town. He caused a tower to be erected on the high land in the rear of the settlement, which, together with his residence, wiU be seen in the following engraving. 60-54 66 6758 69 60 Hannah M., b, Aug. 12, 1812. Abigail, b. Dec. 3, 1814 ; ra. Dec. 23, 1839, StiUman L. Lothrop of Boston. He d. in the West Indies, Nov. 22, 1859, aged 49 ; he had two sons,— StiUman Follen,' b. May 1, 1841; m. Nov. 18, 1867, Sarah Jane Holbrook of Winchester ; George Langdon b. Jan 27, 1846. Mr. Lothrop, the father. Is a descendant In a direct line from Mark Lothrop of Duxbury, b. 1656 Ellen A„ h. May 21, 1817 ; m. Dec. 8, 1863, Abner Stone, b. In Lex. 1812. They were m. at Hartford, Conn., by Rev. Thomas Rob bins. They have two children, Ellen A., b. Oct. 7, 1864, and Mary R., b. July 17, 1860. Julia Ann, b. May 6, 1819 ; m. 1860, John Barrett of Concord. Mary L., b, March 23, 1824; d. 1832. EU M.,b. April 4, 1826 ; r. in New York, where he has a wife and one child, b. 1859. Martha, b, Jan. 21, 1829 ; d. same month. THE ROBINSON FAMILY. This family has never been very numerous in Lexino-ton, nor were they among the earliest settlers. The first of the name which appears on our Records was GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 203 1-2 2- 8 10 1-5- 6-12 1314 1616 171819 20 21 2-10- 10-23 24 26 26 27 Jonathan Robinson, son of William, b. in Cambridge, April 20, 1682. I find on a copy of the Will of Richard Cutler of Cam bridge, made a short time before his death in 1693, this endorsement : " For the two Robinsons, grandsons to the deceased." This paper being found among the papers left by Jonathan Robinson, and Richard Cutler having several dau., one of them may have ra. a Robinson, the father of Jonathan. It appears by a deed In posses sion' of the faraily, that Isaac Powers of Camb., sold to Jonathan Robinson of Camb., weaver. In 1706, a lot of land at Camb. Farms, bounded northerly by Concord road, easterly by land of Joanna Winship, southerly by land of John Dickson, and westerly by land of the heirs of Samuel Winship. This and other deeds of land to Jonathan Robinson, bounded by the Winships, Whitmores, and Bowmans, leaves no doubt but that he resided on or near the place now occupied by Mr. Jonas Gammell, at the termination of Oak street. Jonathan Eobinson m. Buth , and probably, came to the Farms about 1706. He d. 1753, and she d. April 26, 1759, He filled the honorable office of tythingman in 1736, and in 1744 was on a committee to " dignify and seat the meeting house." •[Jonathan, b. July 26, 1707. Ruth, b. June 29, 1709 ; d. Oct. 23, 1722. Abigail, b, Feb, 4, 1711; ra. Nathaniel Bacon of Lexington, •[James, b. Aug. 30, 1715 ; va, 1751, Anna Trask. Lydia, b. Aug. 29, 1718 ; m. Caleb Simonds. Hannah, b. Jan. 8, 1721 ; d. Oct. 24, 1721. Jonathan Eobinson m. Elizabeth the ch, July 18, 1742. He d. 1748. They were ad. to Elizabdh, b. June 20, 1732. \Jacob, b. Feb. 3, 1739. 9 Jonathan, b, Sept. 29, 1733. 11 Submit, bap. July 17, 1743. James Eobinson m. May 23, 1751, Anna Trask. She d. and he m. second, Margaret , by whom he had eight children. He was ad. to the ch. March 10, 1766. She d. Nov. 6, 1767, and he m. third, Elizabeth , by whom he had three children. He d. Aug. 12, 1774. Ruth, b. Jan. 28, 1753. \Jo.seph, b. March 18, 1766 ; ra. Mrs. Betty Hadley. Silas, b, Feb. 20, 1757 ; ra. and had a child which d. Dec. 17, 1777, Asa, b. Jan. 19, 1759 ; was in the campaign to N. Y., 1776. James, b, Nov. 26, 1760; ra. May 25, 1787, JudithEeed of Woburn. He was a soldier In the Continental army, Rhoda, b. May 10, 1763; d. young. \Ebenezer, b. Feb. 14, 1765 ; d. in Vt., 1857, aged 92, Persis, bap. Feb. 1, 1767. Rhoda, bap. Oct. 20, 1771 ; m. May 24, 1781, Simeon Snow. Lydia, bap. Jan. 6, 1772. 22 James, bap. Dec. 1, 1773. Jacob Eobinson m. ch. March 21, 1775. Elizabeth Draper. They were ad. to the •[Jacob, b. Oct. 28, 1762 ; m. Hannah Simonds. Elizabeth, b, March 6, 1765 ; d. Dec. 29, 1767. \Jesse, b. July 14, 1767 ; ra. Bebecca Tidd. {Jonathan, b. June 20, 1769 ; was twice married. Betty, b. Feb. 26, 1772 ; m. White of Watertown. :204 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2829 5-13- 13-30 3132 6-18- 10-23- 23-34 35 Anna, b, June 28, 1774 ; ra. Gardner of Cambridge. Nathan, b. Dec. 1, 1775 ; d. Sept. 22, 1776. Joseph Robinson m. Mrs. Betty Hadley, wid. of Samuel Had ley, who was killed April 19, 1776. He was a raember of Capt. Parker's company, and joined In the first act of the Revolutionary drama. Nor did his zeal in the cause of liberty cease with the opening scene. He enlisted with the eight months' men in 1775, and served with the twelve months' men the year following, and sub sequently entered the continental Une. He lived to enjoy the bounty of his country, and to see her prosperous and happy, and d. AprU 14, 1880, aged 76. She d. Feb. 9, 1831. Rhoda. b. May 17, 1781 ; m. May 17, 1810, John Gammell of Charles town, and d. Sept. 11, 1861. Margaret, b. Feb. 20, 1783. Nancy, b. Jan. 30, 1785 ; ra. July 20, 1809, Thomas Cutler of West Cambridge . Joseph, b. July 14, 1787; ra. Lydia Gair of Boston. He d. May 18, 1822. Ebenezer Robinson d. in South Reading, Vt., Oct. 31, 1857, in his 92d year. He was too young to take part In the opening scene of the Revolution ; but before he was sixteen he enlisted with others in a privateer. "VV'hlle on this voyage, having raade two prizes, and sent them Into Boston, they fell in with several armed ships, and after a desperate struggle In which he was slightly wounded, they were made prisoners. He was taken to New York, and confined in an old prison ship, where from the packed state of the ship, scanty supply of provision, and other inhuman treatment, he suffered every thing but death. After about si.x months' confinement in this loath some prison, he was exchanged; and in a weak, ragged, and penni less condition, was obliged to beg his way home to Lexington, suffering at one time the cold repulses and scofflngs of the Tories, and cheered and encouraged at others, by the generosity of the Patriots. Having reached home, and recovered from his imprison ment and suffering, young Eobinson enlisted into the Continental array for three years — being then seventeen years of age. For a few months he was stationed at West Point, and was then ordered to New York, where he was connected with the body guard of Wash ington. On the return of peace, having served about two years, he returned to Lexington, where he remained tUl 1788, wlieu he In company with an older brother moved to South Beading, Vt., then an almost unbroken wilderness. In 1792, he erected a frame house, and m. Hannah Ackley, who had recently immigrated to that place from Connecticut. He was highly esteemed as a man and a citizen, and filled with honor several military and civil offices. He was always devoted to the cause of liberty, and died respected by his fellow-citizens. Jacob EonmsoN ra. Aug. 26, 1790, Hannah Simonds, dau. of John and Mary (Tufts) Simonds. They were ad. to the ch. April 4, 1791. He d. Sept. 12, 1848, aged 84. She d. Oct. 18, 1853, aged 80. He was selectman in 1805 and 1806, and. an assessor several years. ^Jacob, b. AprU 24, 1791 ; m. Ann HaU, Charles, b. May 6, 1793 ; d. Sept. 24, 1801. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 205 86 37 383940 4142 19-25- 43 10-26- 23-34- 23-39- 39-46 46 Hannah, b. AprU 25, 1795; ra. AprU 8, 1821, Charles Tufts of Charlestown, founder of Tufts College. John, b, April 30, 1797 ; d. Sept. 26, 1801. George, b, Dec. 2, 1799; d. Sept. 22, 1801. \Charles, b. May 6, 1802 ; in. Oct. 16, 1827, Mary Davis. John, b. Aug. 19, 1804. He has for many years labored under a quiet kind of Insanity. Harriet, b. Nov. 6, 1806 ; m. Thomas C. Gilmor. Mary Ann, b. Feb. 2, 1812; m. May, 1841, Sylvester Harrington. Jesse Robinson ra. Nov. 24, 1793, Rebecca Tidd of Acton. They raoved to Bedford, where they had several other chUdren than the two mentioned below. Rebecca, b. Feb. 14, 1795. 44 Jesse, b. June 4, 1797. Jonathan Robinson ra. Joanna Jennings. She d. and he m. May 1, 1831, Mary Jennings. He had no chUdren. Jacob Robinson m. Jan. 9, 1818, Ann HaU of Cambridge. She d. April 19, 1850, aged 57, and he m. Oct. 13, 1850, Lucinda Davis of Medford. He had no children by either wife. He was an asses sor three years. He was also a of justice of the peace. . Charles Robinson m. Oct. 16, 1827, Mary Davis of Con., dau. of Abel and Lavinia (Hosmer) Davis. Lavinia Hosmer was a dau. of Joseph, who acted as adjutant at Concord, April 19, 1776. He has served as selectman several years. Charles, b. Nov. 6, 1829 ; m. July 4, 1858, Rebecca T. Ames of Charlestown, where he resides and does business as a lawyer. He has also been a trial justice, and mayor of the city. George D., b, Jan. 20, 1834. He grad. H. C. 1856, and was en gaged some eight or ten years as a teacher of the High School at Chicopee. He ra. !Nov. 24, 1859, Hannah E. Stevens, dau. of William and Nancy Stevens. She d. Sept. 6, 1864, aged 31 years. He read law with his brother, and is now in practice in Chicopee. He ra. second, July 11, 1867, Susan E. Simonds of Lex., dau. of J, F. Simonds, He has Walter S., b. March 22, 1861, There are other Robinsons In town not connected with the preced ing family, whose descent as far as ascertained Is as follows : Jonathan Eobinson of New Market, N. H., ra. Mary Chase of Exeter, by whom he had ten children. Noah, their seventh son b. In Strathara, May 7, 1757, m. for his first wife, Nancy Wiggin of Stratham. In 1790, after serving his country through the whole period of the Eevolution, he moved to New Hampton in that State, which was then a howling wilderness. His wife dying, he ra. June 26, 1805, Mrs. EUzabeth Brown of Portsmouth, N. H. He d. Feb, 10, 1827, He had by his two wives seven sons and two daughters, Simon W, Eobinson, the fourth son of Capt, Noah, b, Feb, 19, 1792, m. Hannah T. Danforth of Billerica, by whom he had four children — two sons and two daughters, viz. Sarah, b. Aug. 6, 1817 ; John B., b. May 30, 1819 ; Henry B., b. Oct. 3, 1821, and d. March 25, 1826 ; Hannah A., b, Dec. 22, 1823, d. Feb. 7, 1866. He came to Boston in 1813 and went into business, where he remained thirty- four years, when he came to Lex. in 1847. His wife d. Oct., 1843, 84 206 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 46 6 7 10 1-2- 2-11 121314 15 16 1718 19 1-3- and he m. 1847, Mrs. Elizabeth G. Little of Bucksport, Me. Mr. Robinson, when in Boston was elected to the Legislature, and has also represented the town of Lexington in that body. He has for many years held a commission of justice of the peace. George W. Eobinson, a son of Capt. Noah by his second wife, was b. leb. 23, 1808, and m. Dec. 5, 1830, Maria Jewett, dau. of Nathaniel Jewett of Cbariestown. He came to Lex. 1848, where the last three of his children were born. He Is engaged in mercan tile business in Boston. The following are his children. George Henry b. Sept. 26, 1833, d. at sea on his passage home from the East Indies, Feb. 24, 18.^)8; Frances Maria, b. Feb. 26, 1836; Errdly Hamblet, b. March 1, 1840, d. Oct. 30, 1841; Frederick Osboi-n, b. May 11, 1842; he has spent several years in mercantile pursuits at the Mauritius ; Theodore Parker, b. July 29 1846 • Wil liam Howard, b. June 13, 1848; Sarah Elizabdh, b. Nov. 24, 1852: Edith Jewett, b. Mav 28, 1858. THE RUSSELL FAMILY. William Russell and his wife Martha, the ancestors of the Lex ington RusseUs came over from England eariy, and like many of the early emigrants, did not at once fix upon their location. They were in Camb. 1645, and were members of the church there. He d Feb \t:J^l- ®''?^",V ^T'*" ^^' ^^^^' Humphrey Bradshaw, and In IbSa, Thomas Hall, and d. 1694. Several of their children were b in England. •[Joseph,b. 1636; m. June 23, 1662, Mary Belcher; d. June 26, 1691 •[Benjamin, probably b. in England ; m. Rebecca Phebe, probably b. in England; d. July 8, 1642 •[John, b, Sept. 11, 1645 ; ra. EUzabeth Martha, b. . U'hUip, b. 1650; m. April 19, 1680, Joanna Cutler. j William, b. AprU 28, 1656 ; m. AbigaU Winship i Jason, b. Joy 14, 1658; ra. June 27, 1684, Mary Hubbard. Joyce, b. March 31, 1660; ra. Oct. 13, 1680, Edmund Rice of Sud ¦ '^n^^-r' BussELL m. June 23, 1662, Mary Belcher, They resided in Camb. She d, June 23, 1691. ^ ^esiuea Mary, b, Jan, 8, 1665. Martha, b. June 27, 1666 ; d. May 26, 1691 AbigaU, b. May 12, 1668 ; ra. Matthew Bridge, Prudence, b. May 30, 1670. Joseph, b. July 15, 1673 ; d. young »,', b. May 30 1676; m. Elizabeth Winship, dau. of Edward fi\^ P; ''• ^""'^ ''''""' ""' ^- ^™^- ^-^^-'^ - large frraily. Jeremiah, I *^'°«' ^- J"°e 21, 1680; \ ""^^"^^'^ '"^ Lexington, John, b. May 5, 1683, 1-6- 21 Samuel, b, Sept. 9, 1685, Benjamin Eussell m. Bebecca . They resided in Camb "Sarl:^ '''''"'''• '• ''''¦' ''"^°'^' ^-•^¦«--' »»^. 4c?S John .Eussell m EUzabeth . He was at Camb. Farms at the organization of the parish in 1693, and was the largest su Wiber for the meeting house. He was one of the original mmbers of the GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 207 6-22 242527 1-7- 7-28 29 30 3132 3334 35 36 1-8- 1-9- -18- ch. in 1696, and his wife removed her relation from the ch. in Camb. to that of Lex. soon after. He was not only a man of wealth, but was an active and valuable citizen, and filled various offices under the parish and town organization. The record of his family Is quite defective. Probably d. March 6, 1733. fJohn, b, Nov. 9, 1671. 23 Thomas, b, Sept. 13, 1673. Martha, b, Sept. 1, 1675; d. Dec. 7, 1675. Benjamin, b, April 2, 1677, 26 AbigaU, b, April 18, 1686. Patience, b. May 27, 1688. 274 Esther, b. Dec. 19, 1700. They probably had chUdren between 1676 and, 1686. Philip Russell m. AprU 19, 1680, Joanna Cutler, dau. of James Cutler, b. 1660, and d. Nov. 26, 17()3, aged 43; and he m. second, Oct. 18, 1705, Sarah Brooks of Med. The name of Philip Russell is borne upon our earliest parish and town records ; and he appears to have enjoyed the confidence of the people, not only In the new settle ment but In the old town. Though residing in the precinct, he was one of the selectmen of Old Camb. in 17i.O and 1701. He was a sub scriber for the meeting house at the Farms in 1692, and on the com raittee to " seat the raeeting house," when it was ready for occupa tion. He d. Feb. 7, 1730, aged 80 years. The record of his family is Imperfect, but from the probate files we have been enabled to pre sent the foUowing. Joanna, b, Dec. 30, 1684; m. about 1716, William Munroe as his second wife. She was ad. to the ch. Dec. 24, 1727. \Philip, b. Sept. 18, 1688 ; d. March 3, 1773, aged 86. Samuel,^. Jan. 12, 1691. Jemima, b. 1692 ; ra. William Locke. '[Jamet, b. , ; m. Mary . \William, b. ; ni. Elizabeth . Sarah, b, ; ra. April 26, 1739, Joseph Russell. Abigail, b. Oct. 27, 1700; m. Sprague. Susanna, b, Oct. 27, 1706. William Russell m. March 18, 1683, Abigail Winship, dau of Lieut. Edward Winship of Camb. We have little knowledge of the family, as they probably never came to Lex. They had William, b, 1687, who m. Mary, and d. in Lex. Nov. 25, 1731 ; Abigail, b, Dec. 31. 1688 d. unm. June 20, 1710; Edward, b, 1694, d. June 21, 1695. They probably had other children. Jason Russell m. May 27, 1684, Mary Hubbard of Camb.. where they resided. They had Jason, b. 1687, John, Martha, Hubbard, Thomas. Elizabdh, and Noah. The late Col. Thomas Russell of W. Camb. was a descendant of this family, being a son of Thomas, son of Jason, son of Hubbard. Joseph Russell ra. Jane . He was In the , French war. He d. Dec. 20, 1763. The want of records leaves us almost without knowledge of this family. The probate files furnish a few facts. They bad at least Jabez, Ephraim, and Joseph. Joseph m. April 26, 1739, Sarah Russell, dau. of Philip RusseU. They were cousins. They had two children, one b. Jan. 11, d. Jan. 13, 1740; Sarah, b. Feb. 28, 1740, and d. June 10, 1741. Sarah, the raother, d. May 29, 1742, and Joseph, the husband, d. March 23, 1743. Thus this family became extinct. Joseph, the husband of Jane, in his Will, 208 • HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 18-37 5-22- 22-38 4042 7-29- 29-44 4546 47484960 7-32- i — 32-61 6364 ¦ 5668 7-33- 33-59 6062 18-37- 37-63 6567 29-48- 48-68 pro-ved 1763, speaks of wife Jane, dau. Abigail Bowman, and sons Thomas, Jabez, and Ephraim. Of the latter alone have we any full record. ^Ephraim, b, 1730 ; m. Miriam AVheeler of Bedford. John Eussell ra. Rebecca . They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. AprU 10, 1716. He d. June 14, 1746. Bebecca, b, June 24, 1711. Abigail, b. Feb. 15, 1716. Solomon, b. Aug. 5, 1723. 39 Adonijah, b. Feb. 26, 1713. 41 John, b, April 26, 1719. 43 Joseph, b. Aug. 13, 1729. Philip Russell ra. Sarah . They were ad. to the ch. Oct. 5, 1718. She d. Dec. 17, 1767; he d. March 3, 1773. He was_ con stable in 1733, and subsequently he served on the school committee. Sarah, b. May 22, 1718. MUlicent, b. Dec. 29, 1720 ; ra. Joshua Bond. Mary, b. May 13, 1722; d. Aug. 12, 1736, Phebe, b. April 14, 1725 ; d. July 29, 1736, •[Philip, b. April 5, 1727 ; ra. AprU 24, 1760, Lydia Eaton of Bead. {josqih, b. June 19, 1729 ; ra. Hannah . Joanna, b. Nov. 21, 1731. James Eussell in. about 1706, Mary . They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 24, 1719, He was one of the subscribers for the purchase of the Common, 1711, He d, AprU 1, 1748, Mary, bap. Aug. 3, 1707. 62 James, bap. Aug. 21, 1709. Josiah, bap. April 1, 1711 ; moved to Plainfield, Conn. Samuel, bap. Nov. 9, 1712. 66 Joanna, b, April 8, 1714. - Sarah, b, Jan. 8, 1716. 67 Abigail, b, April 29, 1718. Lucy, b, April 16, 1720 ; m. Nov. 23, 1738, Moses Goodnow, Sud. William Eussell m. Elizabeth . He was constable In 1722, and 1723. He d. Nov. 25, 1731. He held a commission o£ captain. Nathanid, bap. Feb. 23, 1707 ; m. and had Abigail, b. Mar. 10, 1728. Lydia, bap. June 3, 1711. 61 Submit, bap. Dec. 28, 1712. Jod, b. Aug. 2, 1716. EPHR.VIM Eussell m. Jan. 9, 1755, Miriam Wheeler of Bed. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Dec. 5, 1756. Ephraim, b. Nov. 1, 1755. Nathan, bap. Dec. 9, 1759. Joseph, bap. Dec. 11, 1764. 64 Solomon, b, Jan. 29, 1758. 66 Calvin, bap. Jan. 17, 1762. 67i Dorcas, bap. March 30, 1766. Philip Eussell m. AprU 24, 1750, Lydia Eaton of Beading, by whom he had one son, Amos. She d. Oct. 6, 1751, and he ra. sec ond, June 22, 1768, Lydia Dodge, by whora he had nine chUdren. He d. Jan. 19, 1816, aged 89 ; she d. Feb. 28, 1772. In his Will, dated 1796, he mentions sons Araos, Nathan, and Jonas, and dau. Phebe Merriam and Lucy Harrington, Amos, b, Dec. 5, 1750 ; ra. Feb. 23, 1773, Betty Munroe and moved to Gardner, where they had Samuel and Sarah. He d. in Lex. June 26, 1801. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 209 697071727374757677 29-49- 48-70- 70-78 79 8081 8283 84 86 86 70-78- 78-87 88 89 90 Lydia, b. Nov. 9, 1758 ; d. May 26, 1777, aged 19. \Nathan, b. March 1, 1760; m. June 18, 1796, SybU Blood. Sarah, b, March 24, 1761 ; m. Dec. 21, 1780* Jonas Locke, and d. 1799. Thomas, b. AprU 10, 1762 ; d. Nov. 15, 1763. Phebe, b. May 24, 1764 ; m. 1783, Joseph Merriam of Bed. She d. May 29, 1846. Thomas, b. Feb. 18, 1766 ; d. May 14, 1766, Jonas, b. AprU 29. 1767 ; d. Nov. 21, 1847, aged 81. Lucy, b, Nov. 7, 1768 ; ra. 1792, Joseph Harrington. A child, b, March 16, 1771 ; d. May 27, 1771. Joseph Eussell m. Hannah . She d. Sept. 15, 1808, aged 83. He d. Oct. 17, 1802, aged 73. They had Hannah, b. Aug. 12, 1764. Her mother, her last-surviving parent, dying 1808, Hannah was left alone, and she lived about thirty years the sole occupant of the house, and d. 1838, unm., aged 74 years. Her house was near the present residence of Col. Philip Eussell. Nathan Eussell m. June 18, 1795, Sybil Blood of Carlisle, who was b. June 25, 1766. She d. Jan. 28, 1853, aged 88, and he d. Jan. 9, 1848, aged 88. ^Philip, b. Aug. 6, 1796 ; m. March 16, 1837, Sabra Wood of Bur. Nathan, b, July 4, 1798 ; ra. Mary A. Thayer of West Camb. She d. Feb. 12, 1830, and he m. second, Nov. 14, 1830, Elizabeth Farwell of Carab. She d. July 3, 1852, and he m. third, 1854, Abigail Whitney. His wives were all of Carab. where he resided, and died. Thomas, b. Feb. 2, 1800 ; m. July 24, 1828, Cynthia Jones. They resided in Cambridge. Bowen, b. March 24, 1802 ; m. first. May 12, 1825, Susan K. Locke. She d. Dec. 19, 1826, and he ra. second, June 6, 1833, Mehitabel Locke. They resided at W^est Cambridge. Mary, b, Feb. 22, 1804; ? m. Nov. 24, 1829, Isaac B. Smith. Stephen, b, Feb. 22, 1804. J Lydia, b. Sept. 30, 1806 ; ? d. Nov. 26, 1844, unm. Sally, b. Sept. 30, 1806 ; ^ m. Oct. 16, 1834, Thomas Joyce, whose name was afterwards changed to Thomas J. White. He resided in Carabridge. Bdsey, b. May 2, 1808. It is worthy of reraark that In the above family there were nine children born In less than twelve years. This is explained by the remarkable fact that there were two pairs of twins in the family. Philip Russell m. March 16, 1837, Sabra Wood of BurUngton. She d. Oct. 10, 1862. The confidence reposed in hira by his I'ellow citizens is manifest from the various offices he has been called to fill. He was selectman thirteen years, assessor five years, and represen tative nine years. He was also actively engaged in the military, and passed through the various grades till he enjoyed the title of colonel. / Sabra Ann, b. Feb. 3, 1838 ; d. May 16, 1862. PhiUp Marshall, b. June 9, 1839 ; m. Eebecoa one child, Sabra, b. Oct. 12, 1866. Henry Austin, b, Nov. 16, 1841 ; d. March 15, 1866. Martha Ella, b. Nov. 18, 1860. They have 210 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 4 6 6 8 1- 2 1- 2 4 123 4 6 8 1012 We have found more than ordinary difficulty in tracing the Eussell family. There were EusseUs in town who probably did not descend from William and Martha. There were Eussells In Charlestown and in Woburn, and probably some of the name came into Lexington. Early upon our records we find the name of Jonathan Bussell, who appeared to have been a man of some note, as he filled the office of constable in 1717, and subsequently was otherwise noticed. He was ad. to the ch. Dec. 19, 1708. He may have come to Lex. from Wo. Jonathan Eussell ra. Elizabeth . Elizabeth, b, July 15, 1702. 3 M(iry, b, Jan. 1, 1706. Jonathan, b, AprU 6, 1707 ; dismissed to Acton, AprU, 1742. Jane, b, AprU 19, 1711; ra. Feb. 11, 1735, Benjamin Lawrence. Ruth, b. May 24, 1714. 7 Ebenezer, b. May 1, 1717. Samud, b, Feb. 3, 1723. 9 Hester, b, April 4, 1725. Eleazer Eussell m. Nov. 23, 1738, Tabitha Prentice. They were ad. to the ch. of Lex. Aug. 19, 1739. Martha, b. Feb. 1739. 3 Thaddeus, b. Jan. 27, 1742. David Eussell ra. Abigail . They were ad. to the ch. Dec. 19, 1708. He was an assessor, 1710. He may have come from Charlestown or Woburn. David, bap. Oct. 29, 1699. Abigail, bap. Sept. 9, 1706. Jason, bap. July 23, 1710. 3 John, bap. Dec. 6, 1702. 6 Hannah, bap. June 6, 1708. 7 Elizabeth, b, July 1, 1716. The following baptisms we are unable to classify. William Russell, bap. Feb. 12, 1716. 5«;^^«'§ twins, bap. Feb. 17. 1716. Eleazer, bap. May 12, 1717. Isaac, bap. Sept. 1, 1729. Jonathan, bap. May 11, 1735. Azubah, bap. May 22, 1741. Mary, bap. April 3, 1748. 6 Esther, bap. May 23, 1725. 7 Keziah, bap. Nov. 22, 1730, 9 James, bap. April 22, 1739. 11 Ebenezer, bap. Aug. 9, 1741, The following transient baptlsras of the Eussells do not fall in with any consecutive record. Mary, of James Eussell, jr., bap. Aug. 25, 1734 ; probably d, yonng. Mary, of James, jr., b. April, 1736. Thomas Russell, of Josiah, bap. May 25, 1739. Hannah Russell, of Josiah, bap. July 28, 1745. May have been the children of Josiah Russell, the son of James, (No. 35). Josiah (No. 63) was at one time in Connecticut. He might have returned. Col. Joshua Russell from Wo. resided for a time in Lex., but has no descendants in town at the present. day. John A. Russell, son of Jeremiah Eussell of West Camb., b. Jan. 17, 1813; m. Oct. 11, 1840, Lydia M. Locke, dau. of Jonas GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 211 1- 2 4 1-6- and AbigaU (White) Locke, b. May 3, 1816. He. came to Lex. 1833, They have Leonora, b. Aug. 3, 1843 ; John Adams, b. May 6, 1846 ; Amy M., b. June 3, 1849, d. Sept, 10, 1863 ; CeUa, b. July 4, 1851, THE SAVILLE FAMILY. Edward Saville of Weymouth, and William Saville of Brain tree, were both In the country as early as 1640, But It is not known from which, if from either, the family we design to trace descended, Thomas Saville, said to have come from Maiden, settled in Gloucester, In a part of the town called Squam, where he d. at the age of 84. He ra. 1722, Mary Haraden. They had several children, araong whom was Jesse, who was one of his majesty's custom house officers In 1770. The opposition to British taxation rendered every officer of the crown unpopular. Saville shared the fate of all such officers. His house was assailed, and he was treated with violence. It does not appear, however, that he espoused the cause of Great Britain. Babson iu his History of Gloucester, says of him, "He lived a useful and retired life, and d. March 11, 1823, at an advanced age." He had .several sons ; t/oAn went to sea and was taken prisoner and carried to England, and never returned ; Oliver, A. on a voyage to India ; David, was lost at sea. Besides these, he had Thomas, James, and William, Thomas Saville b. Aug. 18, 1764 ; . m. May 10, 1787, Betsey Haraden, b. June 16, 1764. He d. May 7, 1845 ; she d. Sept. 23, 1836. They had several children who d. in infancy. Besides they had the following. Bdsey, b, 1788 ; d. 1816. 3 Thomas, b, 1791 ; d. 1809. John, b, 1793 ; d. 1833. 5 Martha B., b, April 22, 1802. ]David, b. June 2, 1804: ra. Sept. 12, 1830, Ann W. Leonard. James, b, Jan. 29, 1808. 8 Laura, b. April 5, 1810. Da-vid Saville m. Sept. 12, 1830,' Ann W, Leonard, dau. of Eev. Ezra and Nancy (Woodbury) Leonard, b, July 19, 1808, Mr, Leonard, the father-in-law of Mr, Saville, was a Congregation- alist clergyman in Gloucester. In the course of his ministry he embraced the doctrine of universal salvation, and such was his influ ence in his parish, and such his hold upon their esteem and affections, that his whole congregation either adopted his views, or quietly tolerated them, so that no rupture occurred In the society, and he continued to be their pastor. Mr, Saville resided in Gloucester till 1845, when he moved to Charlestown, and in 1849 he removed to Lexington, His father being a seafaring man, he accompanied him on voyages at an early age, and continued in the calling of a mariner till he became master of a vessel. He was taken prisoner on the coast of Chili by a privateer and set on shore, where he was forced Into the army, from which he escaped and shipped on board a whaler. In his voyages he visited different parts of both continents. He was In the West India and South American trade ; made voyages to the Baltic and the Mediterranean, and left the sea about 1835, In 1836 and 1838, he represented his native town in the Legislature, and was for some years an inspector in the Boston Custom House, Since 1849, he has spent most of his tirae In California, keeping up his residence in Lexingtbn, where his fainlly reside. 212 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 6- 9 101112 13 14 - 2 45 6 78 9 10 11 12 Leonard A„ b. Jan, 31, 1833; m. June 5, 1862, Rebecca H. Gould, dau. of James Gould of Lex. He has spent five years in Cali fornia. They have two children, Fred Clifford, h, Feb. 21, 1863 ; Anna Muzzey, b. Sept. 19, 1866. He is in trade in Lex. ; was chosen town clerk, 1868. John, b, July 7, 1835 ; d. Jan. 6, 1838. Annie W., b, July 8, 1838 ; m. Dec. 13, 1860, David W. Muzzey. Clifford, b. July 19, 1840. He was nine months In the service in North Carolina in the late Eebellion. David, b. May 8, 1843 ; he was killed at Gloucester, Sept. 29, 1853, by the accidental discharge of a gun. Frank Edward, b. Dec. 24, 1846. He was b. in Charlestown, while his brothers and sisters were all b. In Gloucester. 1-7- THE SIMONDS FAMILY. The Simondses of Lexington, originated in Woburn, and came to this place about 1680. The first notice of them in the Woburn records, is In 1644. When they came to the country is unknown. William Simonds of Wo. m. Jan. 28, 1644, Judith Hayward, dau. of James Hayward. He settled in Wo., about a mile and a half westerly of the centre of the town, where he built a house which was used as a fort during the Indian wars. He was one of the pro prietors of the town, and became a considerable landholder. He was denominated a, planter. He served, as most of the men at that day did, in the military movements of the times. He was admitted a freeman In 1670. He d. in 1670, leaving a wife and a large family of children. His widow survived him twenty years, and d, Jan 6 1690, Sarah, b. Aug. 8, 1644. 3 Judith, b. May 13, 1646. Mary, b. Jan. 19, 1648. Cald), b. Aug, 26, 1649 ; ra. Sept, 1677, Sarah Bacon. William, b. April 25, 1651. •[Joseph, b. Sept. 28, 1652 ; d. Aug. 12. 1733, in Lexington. Benjamin, b. March 28, 1654 ; ra Rebecca . Tabatha, b. July 30, 1656 ; d. same day. James, b. Oct. 11, 1667; ra. Feb. 19, 1686, Susanna Blodgett. Bethiah, b. Feb. 11, 1669; m. Aug. 13, 1696, John Walker Huldah, b. Jan. 23, 1660 ; m. May 10, 1683, Samuel Blodgett. Joseph Simonds m. March 7, 1681, Mary Tidd, dau. of John and Bebecca (Wood) Tidd. Mr. Simonds and his father-in-law both came from Wo. and settled in the same neighborhood, near where Mr. Gharies Johnson now resides. The locality is marked by the huge and venerable elms which have braved the tempests of nearly two centuries. His name is found on the earUest records of Lex., he being a subscriber to the first meeting house in 1692. His name is also borne on the first tax bill in 1693, and was among the eight or ten highest tax payers on the list. In 1695, we find the name of Sergeant Joseph Simonds among the assessors, along with Sergeant Ihomas Cutler and Corporal WUliam Eeed, so that at that early day he seems to have been on the high road of military promotion He was one of the selectmen at the first organization under the town charter, in 1713. He subsequently served on the school committee, and failed other important offices in the town. He and his wife Mary, were admitted to the church under Mr. Estabrook in 1698* He d. Aug. 12, 1733, aged 86, and his wife d. Jan. 4, 1732, aged 77* GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 213 7-13 1415 1617 1819 20 7-15- 16-21 22 23242526 27 7-17- 17-28 29 303132 33 34 7-18- One stone in the grave yard bears the names of both of them. The record of this family is very Imperfect, — the birth of only four of their children Is recorded. His Will, dated Jan. 16, 1733, and proved Sept. 21, 1733, mentions sons Joshua, Joseph, Daniel, and Jonathan, and dau. Rebecca Wellington, Mary Grimes, Abigail Knight, and Elizabeth Brown. Daniel was made executor of his AVIU. Rebecca, b. June 11, 1682; ra. Thomas Wellington of Watertown. Mary, b. Dec. 15, 1684; ra. William Grimes. '[Joshua, b. Jan. 23, 1687 ; d. Nov. 3, 1768, aged 82, Joseph, b. June 8, 1689. \Daniel, b, 1692 ; d. AprU 3, 1776. •[Jonathan, b. ; d. Dec. 22, 1748. Abigail, b, ; ra. Knight. EUzabeth, bap. Nov. 13, 1698; m. Jonathan Brown. Joshua Simonds m. Hannah Poulter of Lex. He was constable in 1728, school committee In 1732, and selectman In 1733 and 1746. He d. Nov. 3, 1768, aged 82 ; and she d. Nov. 11, 1789, at the ad vanced age of 96. His "WUl, dated June 29, 1767, and proved Nov. 22, 1768, mentions Hannah, his wife, and his sons Joshua and Jo seph, and his dau. Sarah Bowman, H.annah Brooks and Betty Reed, He made ample provision for his wife, which I will notice, as It shows the habits and customs of the times. After describing the portion of his house which she might occupy, he provides that she shall be furnished with a good horse, two good cows, six bushels of corn, three of rye, two of wheat, two of malt, fifty pounds of pork, hun dred pounds of beef, two barrels of good cider, three bushels of win ter apples, a sufficiency of suitable sauce, twelve pounds of flax, six pounds of wool, and six cords of wood, to be furnished annually during her life. , Joshua, b. Feb. 11, 1721; d. Aug. 29, 1724. John, b. Aug. 1, 1724 ; d. Sept. 1, 1728. Sarah, b. Aug. 11, 1727 ; ra. June 24, 1756, Francis Bowraan, Bed. Hannah, b, Oct. 17, 1729 ; ra. Brooks. Betty, b. Jan. 22, 1732 ; nr. April 13, 1767, Hammon Reed. ^Jo^ua, b. May 26, 1736 ; m. Martha Bowers. {Joseph, b. Oct. 1, 1739 ; m. March 2, 1769, Elizabeth Stone. Daniel Simonds ra. Nov. 29, 1716, Abigail Smith of Waltham. The same year, according to the good old custom, he was chosen hogreeve. To him this was a rising-post, for subsequently, viz. in 1740 and 1765, we find his name among the selectmen. He and his wife united with the church in Lexington, 1751. He d. April 3, 1776, aged 83. Mary, b. March 20, 1718. '[Daniel, b. Nov. 28, 1719 ; ra. Nov, 13, 1760, Mary Mixter. '[Nathan, b, Sept. 10, 1722. Jane, b, Dec. 1724; d. March 12, 1725. Abigail, b. AprU 22, 1732 ; d. Nov. 2, 1734, Abigail, b, Aug. 30, 1736 ; m. May 29, 1763, Isaiah Tay of Woburn. Sarah, b. AprU 25, 1739 ; m. April 22, 1756, Abraham Merriam of Concord, Jonathan Simonds m. Lydia Bowman. He appears to have been a considerable landholder. His homestead contained one hun- 85 214 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 18-35 3637 38 39 404142 15-26- 26-43 4445 46 47 484960 15-27- 27-61 62 17-29- 29-63 5466 67 dred and two acres, bounded easterly on land of Thomas Blodgett, Robert Fiske, and Woburn line, westerly by land of Joshua Simonds anil the town road, northerly on land oi" Joshua Simonds, .lonathan Hohin.son, and Thomas Hadley, and southerly on land of Joshua Simonds, Samuel Raymond, Robert Fiske, and Thomas Blodgett, His whole estate at his decease was valued in the currency of the day at £ 3,251. This description of his homestead fi.\es his residence In the north-easterly part of the town, near the present corner of Wo. and Bur. He d. Dec. 22, 1748. lie was one of the selectmen in 1732. Jonathan, b. April 26, 1716. Lemuel, b. June 1, 1717 ; d. June 2, 1764. Joseph, b. June 7, 1721. Frances,} . . -u t? -l. -i innA S d. in early infancy. Amos, \ *^'°^' ^- ^^''- 1' 1^24 ; ] d. 1750. Francis, b.. July 12, 1726. '[John, b. Jan. 5, 1730; m. Mary Tufts. Ebenezer, b. May 30, 1735. Joshua Simonds ra. Martha Bowers of Billerica. They were admitted to the church, Sept. 7, 1756. He was a large landholder, owning real estate not only In Lex. and other towns in Massachu setts, but in Hollis, N. H. He d. July 24, 1805, aged 69 ; she d. June 24, 1819, aged 77. He was among the brave men who met the British on the 19th of April, 1775. He went into the meeting house for powder, and finding himself cut off from his company, cocked his gun and placed the muzzle on an open cask of powder, resolved to blow up the house in case the British should enter it. Martha, b. Oct. 1, 1766 ; m. Aug. 18, 1785, Rufus Merriam. Elizabdh, b. May 24, 1768 ; d. young.- \Joshua, b. Jan. 1, 1770 ; m. Abigail Cutler. Elizabeth, b, July 4, 1772 ; m. Robert Parker. ^William, b. Aug. 18, 1774; ra. Susan Pierce. Lucy, b. Dec. 15, 1776 ; d. Nov. 4, 1824, unm. ^Jonathan, b.^Feb. 22, 1779 ; m. Mrs. HiU of Boston. Hannah, b. July, 1786 ; m. July 31, 1809, EU Bobbins. JosilPH Simonds m. March 2, 1769, Elizabeth Stone. They were admitted to the church, April 15, 1770. He d. March 18, 1813, aged 73 ; she d^ June 10, 1806, aged 63. He was an ensign In Capt. Parker's company in 1775. Betty, b. May 30, 1769 ; A. Aug. 6, 1795, aged 26. ' ¦\Joseph, b, Sept. 29, 1771 ; m. Mary VUes. Daniel Simonds ra. Nov. 13, 1750, Mary Mixer, dau. of Maj. Joseph and Mary (Ball) Mixer. He d. Feb. 9, 1761, and his wid. m. May 26, 1763, Andrew Munroe. Danid, b. Nov. 26, 1751 ; d. Feb. 9, 1761. Mary, b, Nov. 9, 1763. 65 Abigail, b. Feb. 16, 1766. Joseph, b. AprU 2, 1758. Lucy, b, Aug. 18, 1761, about six months after the death of her father. Her mother ra. Andrew Munroe," by whom she had two sons, the last of whom was born one month after the death of his father. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 215 17-30- 30-58 59 6061 62 63 18-41- 41-64 65666768 70 26-45- 46-71 • 7273 747676 26-47- 47-77 78 79 Nathan Simonds m. Smith of Walt. She d. and he ra. Abigail Cutler of Bur. He resided at one time in Wo. In 1762, Nathan Simonds, wife, and children, came from Wo. to Lex. and resided in the house of Daniel Simonds. H^ was one of the select men in 1776. Jonas, b. He entered the army of the United States, rose to a colonelcy, and d. in the service. ]David, b, 1769 ; m. July 23, 1795, Jerusha Locke. Supply, b, ; m. Betsey Brown of Boston. He was drowned in Boston. ' Nathaniel, b, ; ra. Sept. 21, 1800, Dolly Johnson, dau. of Francis Johnson of Wo. and d. in Charlestown, where he resided. Joel, b. ; m. Susan Hammond of Marblehead. They resided in Charlestown, where he died. Abigail, b, ; m. Nathaniel Hill of West Cambridge. John Simonds m. Mary Tufts, dau. of Benjamin and Mary (Hutchinson) Tufts of Med. They Uved at the corner of BurUngton and Grove streets. Their first six children were all bap. at one time, viz. March 11, 1770. He d. Dec. 6, 1812, aged 83. Lydia, b, Jan. 13, 1757 ; ra. James Wyman. \Ebenezer, b. Aug. 15, 17.i8; m. Anne Bradbury. Mary, b. July 19, 1761 ; m. July 28, 1794, John Angler of Maiden. Bebecca, b, Aug. 1, 1703; m. William Diamond. •[Lemuel, b, Aug. 26, 1766 ; ra. Mary MaxweU of Bedford. Hannah, b. Aug. 7, 1767 ; m. Aug. 26, 1790, Jacob Robinson. Sarah, b. Nov. 26, 1776 ; ra. Nov. 3, 1800, Jonathan Locke. Joshua Simonds ra. Jan. 5, 1794, Abigail Cutler, dau of Thomas Cutler. She was b. May 2, 1771, and d. Aug. 1837, aged 66. He d. Jan. 1, 1858, aged 88. He kept a public house in I^ex. about fifty-eight years, at the foot of Fiske Hill, so called, on Monument street ; and the rest of the period, comraencing with 1802, at his late residence on Bedford street. Joseph, b. March 1, 1795. Abigail, b, March 14, 1797 ; m. June 3, 1837, Michael Crosby of Bed. as his second wife. Franklin, b, June 10, 1799 ; went to Walpole, N. H. where he m, Spaulding. \Joshua, b. May 29, 1801 ; m. Lucy J. Winh of Salem. Maria, b. June 30, 1807 ; d. unmarried. Otis, b. April 17, 1810; ra. Ellen Crosby, dau. of Michael Crosby, the husband of his sister AbigaU by his first wife. Otis Simonds resides in Connecticut. William Simonds m. Aug. 18, 1799, Susan Pierce, dau. of Isaac and Hannah Pierce of Walt. She d. Feb. 4, 1847, In her 68th year, and he d. 1858. They were ad. to the ch. June 13, 1813. He kept a tavern on Concord avenue eighteen years, commencing with 1810. Their first child, b. Dec. 13, 1799, and d. the next day. Humphrey, b, June 6, 1801 ; m. Emeline Gizeley. He went to New- Orleans, where he d. Sept. 7, 1833, leaving a wife and two chil dren in Lexington. Cyrus, b. May 9, 1803; d, AprU 17, 1806, by his clothes taking fire. 216 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 80 818283 84 858687 26-49- 27-62- 52-89 90 91 9293 30-59- 59-94 96 9697 41-66- 65- 99 100 William, b. Oct. 21, 1805 ; moved to Walt, where he m. 1836, Mar tha Pierce. Jonathan Bowers, b. Aug. 2, 1807 ; m. 1832, Harriet Childs of Walt. where they reside. Susan, b. July 18, 1809 ; d. Aug. 18, 1813. Alice, b. Dec. 3, 1811 ; d. March 3, 1815. Their eighth child, b. March 15, 1814; d. same day. •[Cyrus P., b. AprU 10, 1815 ; m. Mary Ann RusseU. {eu, b. Aug. 4, 1817 ; ra. Elizabeth Swan. Isaac Mason, b. Oct. 15, 1819 ; d. March 21, 1821. Hufus, b. Feb. 10, 1822 ; d Dec. 17, 1832. Jonathan Simonds ra. Dec. 8, 1816, Mrs. Patty HiUs, wid. of Capt. S. C. Hills, and daughter of Erasmus Pierce of Boston. He fitted for college, but prefering a more active Ufe, went to Boston, About 1809, he entered the army of the United States, was stationed at Burlington, Vt., where he was promoted to a captaincy. In 1811, he resigned his commission and returned to Boston, where he estab lished himself as a broker, and where he d. He had two children, Albert, b. April 17, 1817, and George W., b. March 1, 1820, who resided for some years with his uncle, EU Robbins, at East Lex. He has since gone to New York. Joseph Simonds m. Mary Viles, dau. of Joel and Mary (Bow man) Viles. He d. Nov. 21, 1834, and she d. March 5, 1867, in her 9--'d year. He was representative sixteen years, selectman five years, and. assessor three years. He was often placed on important com mittees, and was one of the leading men of the town. Twins, b. 1803 ; A. soon. Eliza, b. March 26, 1804; m. July 21,- 1831, Abraham French, lives in Lowell. Mary Ann, b. June 6, 1806 ; living, unmarried. j Joseph Frederick, b. Oct. 26, 1810 ; m. Susan MuUiken, MarceUus, b. 1812 ; d. 1849, aged 36. He ra. May 12, 1846, Maria Augusta Ball of Con., by whom he had Marcella Augusta, His wid. m. William Heard of Con. and now lives in Detroit. David Simonds m. July 23, 1795, Jerusha Locke, dau. of Reu ben and Jerusha (Richardson) Locke. She d. March, 1867, aged 93. Nabby, b, Dec. 17, 1796 ; m. James Bailey. Betsey, b. June 4, 1797 ; m. June 6, 1819, WiUiam Walker. Bradley, b. Dec. 19, 1799 ; m. May 26, 1823, Mary A. Pierce of Wo. and moved to Ashby. Lydia, b. Feb. 16, 1802 ; d. unmarried. Nathan, b. AprU 16, 1816; m. Amanda Parks of Line, and moved to California. Ebenezer Simonds went to Med. about 1780, where he m. April 30, 1785, Anne Bradbury of that place. His children were all born in Med. On the death of his father in 1812, he retumed to Lex. and took up his abode on the old horaestead. He d, Aug. 23, 1845, aged 87, and she d. July 12, 1820, aged 61, They were- severely afflicted in the loss of their chUdren. He was one of the patriotic band who defied British aggression on the 19th of April, 1776. Nancy, b. Jan. 18, 1786; d. Jan. 29, 1800. Mary, b. May 4, 1788 ; ra. Thomas Hadley of Peterboro', N. H., and d. 1828. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 217 101 102103104 105106107108 41-68- 68-109 110111112113114 115 46-74- 71-116 47-86- 85-118 120 47-86- 86-121 ' 122 52-92- 92-124 125 126127 Abigail, b, Aug. 21, 1790; d. June 18, 1817. Judith, b. Aug. 27, 1792 ; d. May 15, 1815, \Ebenezer, b Feb. 6, 1795 ; m. Rachel Nichols, and d, Jan. 27, 1867. Henry, b, Dec. 22, 1797 ; d. Dec. 15, 1842. Charles, b, Aug. 6, 1801 ; d. Aug. 6, 1816. Elizabeth, \ . ¦ . t ok i oa^ ? d. Oct. 10, 1804. William, \ *'''°*' *•• '^*'^- ^^' ^^^*' \ John, b.'Peb. 8, 1807; d. Dec. 30, 1823. Lemuel Simonds m. Mary Maxwell of Bedford. Betsey, b. - Daniel, b, ¦ Mary, b. — Harrid, b. ; m. William Holden of Woburn. ; m. Susan Stearns of Line, where he lived and d. m. Jones of Boston. - ; m. George Blake and moved into the country. Benjamin, b, ; d. 1838, unmarried. Abigail, b. ¦ ; m. and moved Into the country. •[George, b. Oct. 11, 1807 ; ra. Jan. 5, 1836, Hannah Estabrook. Joshua Simonds ra. Dec. 25, 1842, Lucy J. Winn of Salem, who was b. April 18, 1818. Marcus, b. Oct. 1, 1843. 117 Abbie Jane, b, Ap. 25, 1849. 128 129130 66-103- 103-132 133 Cyrus P. Simonds ra, June 6, 1841, Mary Ann Eussell, dau, of Bill Eussell of Woburn. Bufus, b, Oct. 6, 1843. Cyrus W., b. May 26, 1848. 119 Maridta ff., b. July 18, 1846. Eli Simonds m. Sept. 4, 1842, Elizabeth Swan of West Carab. He resides on his father's homestead on Concord avenue. He has filled the principal town offices,— overseer, selectman, &c. Alice, b, June 8, 1843. William Henry, b, Nov. 1, 1844. 123 Frank, b. May 12, 1848. Joseph Frederick Simonds m. May 7, 1835, Susan Mulliken, dau. of John and Susan (Eeed) MuUiken. He was selectman, 1848, '49, and assessor, 1857. Mary Caroline, b. AprU 1, 1836 ; ra. Nov. 27, 'l862. Dr. W. S. Mil ler of Boston. Charles Frederick, b. March 11, 1837 ; d. Aug. 4, 1842. EUen E,, b. July 23, 1838, Joseph, b. July 24, 1840, He entered ^he U, S. service, 1861, was wounded at Malvern Hill, Va., and d. of the wound in N. Y. Hos pital, Oct. 1862. Susan, b. Oct. 16, 1842 ; ra. July, 1867, George D. Robinson, as his second wife. Charles Frederick, b, Jnly 7, 1844. Clara Maria, b. Dec. 4, 1846, 131 Augusta D,, b, Aug. 4, 1852. Ebenezer Simonds ra. Feb. 16, 1824, Rachel Nichols, dau, of Adna Nichols and Sa;rah (Loring), b. Aug, 7, 1797, He d. Jan, 27, 1867, aged 72. Susan, b, Dec. 8, 1824; d. Oct. 7, 1825. Henry L,, b, March 28, 1826 ; unmai-ried. 218 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 134 135136137 68-115- 116-138 139140142 1- 2 3 4 5 Francis K,, b. Aug. 22, 1828 ; m. June 1, 1863, Charlotte B. Swett, wid. of Bev. WiUiam Gray Swett, and dau. of Ellas Phinney, Esq. Their children are Henry, b. July 10, 1854, in Burlington, Vt., where they then resided, and Franklin P,, b, in Lex. June 25, 1856. She had by her first husband one dau. C. B. W. G. Swett, b. Feb. 8, 1843. Susan L,, b. March 25, 1832 ; d. March 6, 1839. Bachel Ann, ) , , u in- > m -looa S d. March 7, 1839. Ma,-y E., 1 1^'"^' ^- ^'""'^ ^'^' 1836 ; J d. Oct. 14, 1838. George Simonds m. Jan. 6, 1836, Hannah Estabrook, dau. of Attai Estabrook. John, b. April 23, 1836 ; m. Katy Louisa Nichols of Charlestown, where they reside. George, b, June 14, 1838 ; m. Dec. 28, 1863, Mary E. Bannoft. Phidelia, b. Dec. 21, 1840. 141 Bosanna, b, Dec, 16, 1842. Anna, b. March 29, 1848. 143 Ella, b, Nov. 26, 1863. THE SMITH FAMILY. In looking Into the early records of almost any town in the Com monwealth, we should naturally expect to find the name of Smith ; and if John himself was not there, we should Infer that he had left his kinsmen, Joseph, and Thomas, and Samuel, and had gone on a tour to visit his old friend, Mr. Jones, In regard to Lex. we are not left to matters of inference ; for In looking at the first tax ever Imposed by the parish, in 1693, we find that both John and Thomas are there, acting the part of good citizens, by contributing to the support of religious institutions. But though we have record evidence that John and Thomas were at Camb, Farms In 1693, we are not so certain whence they came or who were their ancestors. The Smiths were so numerous In Wat., Lex., and other neighboring towns, and the Christian names of John and Joseph and Thomas and Samuel being so common In all the families, it becomes exceedingly difficult to trace them and preserve the personal identity, or even the family to which any one of them belongs. Living as they did, and still do, on the borders of the town, near the Une of Wat. and Walt., there will, almost as a matter of course, be some passing and repass ing of thfe town line, which increases the difficulty In making the genealogy perfectly accurate. According to the best information we can obtain, the Lex. Smiths came from Wat. On the earUest Ust of proprietors of that town, in 1636, are four of the name of Smith, viz., John, sen., John, jr., Thomas, and Francis. John Smith, sen., had a wife by the name of Isabella, who d. Oct. 12, 1639, aged 60 years. It is probable that John and Isabella were the parents of John, jr., and Thomas, and perhaps of Francis and Daniel. John, sen., d. July 12, 1639, aged 60. John, ad. freeman, May 22, 1639. He may have been the John Smith who d. in Lancaster In 1669. Francis was ad. freeman. May 18, 1631. Danid was a resident in Wat. as early as 1642. \Thomas came to America in the summer of 1635, and was ad. free man. May 17, 1637. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 219 1-5- 6- 6 7 8 9 10 11 121314 5-8- 8-16 16171819 20 6-9- 9-21 22 24 25 5-10- 10-26 27 28 29 30 8-16- 8-19- 19-31 32 Thomas Smith m. Mary, dan. of WiUiam Knapp. 10, 1693, aged 92. He d. March James, b. Sept. 18, 1637 ; he moved to Lancaster, Jolin, b, and d. Nov. 1639. \Thomas, b, Aug. 26, 1640; d. in Lex. Dec. 25, 1727. \John, b. Dec. 10, 1641 ; m. Mary Reeves. '[Joseph, b, June 10, 1643; d. June, 1711. Mary. b. ; ra. 1667, John Stratton. Ephraim, b. blind, a town charge from 1707 to 1737. Jonathan, b, 1669 ; ad. freeman 1690. Sarah, A, before her father, leaving children. Thomas Smith m. 1663, Mary Hosmer, dau. of James Hosmer of Con., where his eldest three children were bom. He raoved to Lex., where he and his wife were ad. to the ch. June, 1701, by a let ter of dismission from Weyraouth. He was taxed here In 1693, and In 1700 we find honorable mention of him. In the deUcate work of seating the meeting house, we find that John Stone and Thomas Smith, " were Plast In y° fore seatt of y^ body of seats." He d. Dec. 25, 1727, aged 88, and she d. Oct. 1, 1719, aged 64. Their names and deaths are inscribed on one stone in the Lex. Old Grave Yard. •[Thomas, b. Concord; m. Mary . James, b. In Concord; d. of casualty in Wat. in 1674. John, b. in Concord. Samuel, bap. In 'Wat. ; d. April 22, 1670. \Joseph, b, March 4, 1687 ; bap. in Wat. ; ra, Hannah Tidd. {Benjamin, b. Sept. 24, 1689. John Smith m. April 1, 1665, Mary Beers. Mary, b. June 15, 1667. •[John, b. Aug. 8, 1668. 23 Abigail, b. June 29, 1670. Hannah, b, Dec. 27, 1672 ; ra. Oct. 20, 1693, WUUam Fiske. Sarah, b. June 7, 1676. 25i Samuel, b. March 10, 1680. Joseph Smith m. Dec. 1, 1674, Hannah Tidd, dau. of John and Rebecca Tidd, then of Wo. but afterwards of Lexington. Joseph, b, April 19, 1677. John, b. April 6, 1678 ; ra. Jan. 15, 1713, Jane Barnard, She d. in Lex. Sept. 16, 1763, aged 86 ; said to be of Waltham. •[Daniel, b, Sept. 26, 1681 ; ra. 1708, Mary Burridge of Newton. Hannah, bap, Dec. 4, 1687 ; m, 1708, David Mead. Bebecca, bap, Dec. 4, 1687. Thomas Smith ra. Mary . They were ad. to the ch. in Lex, March 12, 1710. It is supposed that he retumed to Wat. and prob ably m. a second wife, Abigail, by whom he had Abigail and Buth, and d. 1736. Joseph Smith ra. Oct. 14, 1701, Mary Eichards, b. May 15, 1680, dau. of WiUiam and Mary Eichards of Wat. They were in Lex. as early as 1702, their first child being bap. that year. Mary, b. April 3, 1701. William, b. June 26, 1703 ; d. Feb. 7, 1728. 220 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 3334 3536 373839 40 8-20- 20-41 4243444546 47 -22- 22-48 5052 10-28- 28-63 64555668 59 6061 19-33- 33-62 63 6465 \Hezekiah, b. AprU 2, 1706 ; m. Feb. 24, 1726, Elizabeth Wellington. {Ebenezer, b, Aug. 16, 1708; ra. AbigaU, wid. of Benjamin WeUing ton, jr. Joseph, b, Aug. 30, 1711 ; d. young. ^Samuel, b, June 14, 1714 ; d. May 4, 1760. Hannah, b. Jan. 21, 1716; m. Feb. 19, 1737, Timothy Davis, Bed. Joseph, b, June 4, 1719 ; d. Nov. 11, 1740. Abigail, b, Sept. 6, 1722 ; ra. Feb. 22, 1746, Henry Gale of Weston. ^Josiah, b, July 6, 1724; ra. Sarah Francis. Benjamin Smith ra. July 9, 1713, Martha Comee. She d. Nov. 19, 1749, and he m. May 3, 1750, Mrs. Esther Green. He d. Dec. 9, 1779, aged 90. He was for a long time very popular with his townsmen, being often elected to public office. He was twelve years on the board of selectmen. They had the misfortune to lose five of their children young, \Benjamin, b. July 20, 1714; m. Anna Parker, Daniel, b, Dec. 16, 1715 ; d. Feb. 8, 1740. Ezekiel, b. AprU 28, 1717 ; d. Dec. 12, 1739. Martha, b, June 3, 1720 ; d. Sept. 26, 1728. Thomas, b. Aug. 11, 1723; d. May 27, 1726. Solomon, b. Sept. 11, 1725 ; d. July 26, 1733. \Thomas, b. April 15, 1727. John Smith ra. Mary . He was probably the John Sraith who was taxed at Carab. Farms in 1793; but did not reside there permanently till some time after, as his name is not upon the tax bills for several of the subsequent years. Probably the John Smith who d. Feb. 4, 1743. Isaac, b. Sept. 20, 1695. 49 Sarah, b. Feb. 3, 1698. Eunice, b. Sept. 1, 1704. 61 Obadiah, b. May 16, 1708. ft/esse, b. AprU 1, 1711 ; m. AprU 26, 1733, Experience Ward of Westboro'. Danip:l Smith ra. May 25, 1708, Mary Burridge of Newton. She was ad. to the ch. in Lex. May 26, 1717, and four of their children were bap., viz., Mary, Jonathan, Betsey, and Lydia, Nov. 2, 1718. He d. March 6, 1767. Mary, b. March 13, 1709 ; m. Dec. 30, 1730, Jabez Wyman of Wo. Daniel, b. March 10, 1711. '[Jonathan, b. Oct. 15, 1713 ; m. Abigail Stratton. Betsey, b. Feb. 11, 1715. 67 Lydia, b. May 3, 1718. Sarah, b, July 28, 1723 ; ra. Jan. 14, 1742, Abiel Richardson. Lucy, b, June 3, 1725 ; ra. Benjamin Wellington of Brookfield. Abigail, b. Feb. 22, 1728. Eunice, b, June 4, 1730 ; m. Jan. 4, 1750, Joseph Underwood. Hezekiah Smith ra. Feb. 14, 1726, Ellzabe,th Wellington of Wat. He d. Oct. 16, 1760, and his wid. ra. May 18, 1762, Dea. James Brown. They were ad. to the ch. Sept, 26, 1736. He was selectman, 1756. •[Abijah, b, Feb. 26, 1727; m. Jan. 18, 1760, Mary Lawrence. Elizabdh, b. July 9, 1728; m. 1750, Amos Tidd. Kezia, b, Nov. 30, 1734 ; m. April 3, 1761, Samuel Green. . f IFiiKant, b. Jan. 16, 1736 ; m. Abigail Sraith. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 221 66 67 19-34- 34-70 717273 7475 19-36- 36-76 7778 79808283 8485 19-40- 40-86 8788 89 909192 939496 96 20-41- 41-97 98 99 100 \Joseph, b. May 21, 1743 ; m. first, Lucy Stone, second, Abigail Ingoldsby. Sarah, b. March 28, 1746. 68 Amos, b, AprU 14, 1748. Hannah, b, April 14, 1750. _ Ebenezer Smith m. Abigail Wellington, wid. of Benjamin Wel Ungton, jr. They were very unfortunate in their children, having lost four In three years. He was a member of Capt. Parker's co. in 1776, and was called to Camb. May 10, and June 17, 1776. •[Ebenezer, b, Sept. 20, 1740 ; m. Dec. 29, 1763, PriscIUa Diamond. Mary, b. Dec. 23, 1743 ; d. Dec. 1, 1756. Abigail, b. Dec. 2, 1746 ; d. June 28, 1753. Thaddeus, b, Nov. 24, 1748 ; d. 1753. Ezekiel, b, April 15, 1761 ; d. June 26, 1753. Thaddeus, b, Sept. 26, 1753 ; one of Capt. Parker's company. S.1.MUEL Smith m. Mary . He d. May 4, 1760, aged 46 years, and she d. Sept. 8. 1763, aged 46 years. We find no record of the birth of their first seven children, yet the papers connected with the settlement of his estate, show that he had the children named below, and their birth must have been nearly as set down. Mary, b. about 1737. Lucy, b. about 1739 ; ra. Benjamin Wellington of Brookfield. \Samuel, b, about 1741 ; ra. Aug. 30, 1764, Abigail Harrington. Anna, b. about 1743; m. April 10, 1764, Simeon Leonard of Bridge- water. Am^s, b. about 1746. 81 Jonathan, b, about 1748. Elizabdh, b, about 1751. AbigaU, b, March 27, 1754; d. June 1, 1757.- ^John, b. Aug. 21, 1756 ; m. Nov. 15, 1781; Sarah Lawrence of Lex. Abigail, b. AprU 3, 1759. Josiah Smith ra. Nov. 15, 1760, Sarah Francis of Medford. She d. AprU 27, 1767, and he m. Jan. 1, 1768, Hannah Brown. He was one of the brave defenders of his country's rights on the 19th of April, 1776. He was selectman several years. Josiah, b. Dec. 1, 1761 ; d. July 1, 1753. \Josiah, b, Nov. 26, 1753 ; ra. Feb. 6, 1777, Polly Barber. {Abraham, b. July 23, 1755 ; ra. Martha Bowman. Ebenezer, b, Dec. 4, 1758 ; d. unm. Sept, 1777. Sarah, b. July 26, 1760 ; m. Sept. 30, 1779, David Penney. Hannah, b, July 13, 1762. •[Isaac, b, Feb. 1, 1764; m, Aug. 6, 1798, SaUy lies. •[Jacob, b, June 24, 1766 ; ra. Susan Pierce of "Waltham, Susanna, b. May 22, 1767 ; m, Eeuben Pierce, Elijah, b. May 28, 1769 ; m. Lydia Stearns of Walt. ; d, in Med. \Jod,b, June 1, 1771. Benjamin Smith m. Nov, 17, 1734, Anna Parker, who d, a wid, in Walt, June 10, 1768. Solomon, b, Oct. 27, 1738 ; d. AprU 16, 1741, ^Benjamin, b, March 11, 1741. Anna, b, March 31, 1743 ; m. WiUiam Munroe, son of WUUam and Sarah. Martha, b, AprU 19, 1746 ; m. May 27, 1771, Ebenezer Munroe. 86 222 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 101 102103 20-47- 47-104 105 22-52- 62-107 108 28-55- 65-110 111 112 113 114 115116117118119 33-62- 62-120 121 33-65- 65-123 124 126 126 127 33-66- Esther, b, April 10, 1751 ; m. Simeon Snow of Holden, and d. Jan, 14, 1780. David, b. Aug. 15, 1756. He was a member of Capt. Parker's co. •[Thomas, b. July 24, 1760; m. Oct. 3, 1782, Sarah Taylor, Chariest, Thomas Smith m. AprU 12, 1763, Sarah Eaymond. They lived probably In Wo. now Burlington ; for In 1764, they were ad. to the ch. in Lex. by a letter of dismission from the second church in Wo. Solomon, b. June 12, 1754. Ezekiel, b, Nov. 24, 1756. 106 perhaps Sarah, b. Jesse Smith m. April 26, 1733, Experience Ward of Westboro', dau. of Oliver and Hannah (Brigham) Ward of Northboro'. Abiezer, b. May 2, 1734. Israel, b. Aug. 26, 1735. 109 Elizabdh,? Jonathan Smith ra. Aug. 30, 1738, Abigail Stratton of Walt. He d. March 23, 1801, aged 88. He was one of the sons of liberty In the Battle of Lexington, and was called to Camb. on the 17th of June, 1775. He was on the board of selectmen, 1771. He was a lieutenant In the rallitia. Abigail, b. May 29, 1739; m. William Smith. John, b. Aug. 12, 1743. Dorcas, b, June 3, 1746 ; ra. April 4, 1764, John Wood of Carab. •[Jonathan, b. Oct. 4, 1748; d. Nov. 29, 1819, aged 71. Phinehas, b. Feb. 7, 1751 ; d. in Charlestown. Timothy, b. Aug. 11, 1753; ad. to the ch. Sept. 17, 1776. Susanna, b. Jan. 7, 1756; m. March 25, 1784, Lydia Pierce, Walt. Daniel, bap. April 24, 1758; m. and d. in Charlestown. Amasa, bap. May 9, 1762 ; d. Oct. 10, 1812. Nathan, bap. March 25, 1764 ; m. April 24, 1794, Katharine Bacon. They inoved to FItzwilliam, N. H., where he d. 1853. Abijah Smith m. Jan. 18, 1750, Mary Lawrence, dau. of Jona than and Elizabeth Lawrence, b. Nov. 30, 1729. She d. May 22, 1776. He was generally known as " Lieut. Smith." Abijah, bap. Sept. 1, 1760. A child, which d. Oct. 8, 1760. 122 Mary, bap. Jan. 11, 1761. William S.mith m. Oct. 20, 1767, AbigaU Smith, dau. of Jona than and Abigail (Stratton) Smith of Lex, He d. 1811, aged 75. He was a raember of Capt. Parker's co., and was in service both on the 19th of AprU, and on the 17th of June, 1775. Abigail, bap. Aug. 20, 1758; m. Sylvanus Wood of Burlington. WiUiam, bap. Dec. 27, 1761 ; m, Jan, 22, 1789, Jane Pierce, Walt. Lydia, b, July 3, 1764 ; m. May 21 , 1789, Abner Matthews of Line. Bdty, bap. Dec. 4, 1765 ; m. Jonas Bacon of Bed. They moved to Billerica. Amos, bap. Oct. 8, 1775 ; d. in infancy. Joseph Smith ra. Jan. 17, 1766, Lucy Stone. She d. June 29, 1772, and he m. second, March 13, 1777, AbigaU Ingoldsby of Lex., b. Oct. 13, 1760. He was on the Common on the 19th of AprU, when the British fired upon the Americans, was afterwards captain, andd. Aug, 19, 1806. - - GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 223 66-128 • 129130131182 133134135 136 137 138139 140 34-70- 70-141 143144 145 36-78- 78-146 36-84- 40-^87- Joseph, b. Nov. 8, 1765 ; d. Feb. 26, 1766. Joseph, b, Jan. 26, 1767 ; m. Susan Dakin of Maine. Hezekiah, b. April 17, 1769. He went to Providence. •[Jonas, b, March 19, 1771; m. Polly Underwood. Lucy, b. Feb. 25, 1778; ra. Enoch Cory of Marlboro'. John Ingoldsby, b. Aug. 30, 1779. He moved to Providence. Betsey, b. Sept. 14, 1781. She m. a Tileston and moved to Wind sor, Vt. \Amos, b. Feb. 12, 1784; ra. Catharine S. Langdon of Boston. Timothy, b, Oct. 27, 1786. James Milledge, b. April 4, 1790. Abigail Cook, b, June 29, 1792 ; m. Jonas Munroe. Balph, b, March 26, 1795 ; ra. 1816, Rebecca Belcher. She d. Aug. 1, 1829, and he m. March 4, 1830, Mrs. Anna M. (Adams) Hop kins. He d. June 2, 1853. He resided in Boston.. He had a family of eleven children, seven of whora are married. ^Billings, b, Oct. 6, 1797 ; d. May 3, 1847. 87-148 149150 151152163 Ebenezer Smith m. Dec. 29, 1763, Priscilla Diamond. He was one who was called to Camb. during the Battle of Bunker Hill. She d. Sept. 18, 1773. Mary, b. Oct. 17, 1764. 142 Diamond, b, Nov. 25, 1767. Ezekiel, b. March 26, 1769. Edmund, b, June 21, 1771 ; d. Jan. 16, 1772. Lucy, b, AprU 11, 1773. Samuel Smith m. Aug. 30, 1764, Elizabeth Harrington. They were ad. to the ch. Nov. 25, 1764, when their first child was bap. About 1768, they removed to New Hampshire. In 1772, Sarauel and Elizabeth Smith were dismissed to " l\lason, N. H., in order to the gathering of a church there." They may have had other children. * Samuel, bap. Nov. 25, 1764. 147 Elizabdh, bap. Feb. 1, 1767. John Smith ra. Nov. 16, 1784, Sarah Lawrence, dau. of Bezaleel Lawrence. We confess our inability to trace John Smith, or to keep a record of his whereabout. His name appears on the tax bill from 1784 to 1788 ; but in 1789, we find that the assessors of that year, inserted his name as though he was an inhabitant, and erased it as though he was not. Josiah Smith ra. Feb. 6, .1777, Polly Barber of Lex. He d. Nov. 20, 1826, of leprosy, aged 73. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. May 14, 1780. She was a dau. of a captain in the British service. She d. May 10, 1838, aged 84. He was in Capt. Parker's CO. at the opening of the Revolution. He was an asssessor six or eight years. Polly, b, Jan. 2, 1777 ; m. March 7, 1799, Abijah Pierce of Lex. iEbenezer, b. Dec. 1, 1780 ; m. Anna Underwood. Sarah, b. Nov. 29, 1785 ; m. Feb. 4, 1808, Abner B. Phelps of Derby, Vt, \ Josiah, b, April 17, 1789 ; m. Lucinda Wyman of Medford. \Elias, b. July 21, 1792 ; m. Harriet Hastings. ; Maria, b. Jan. 17, 1796 ; m. June 20, 1814, Nathan Brooks pf Wo. 224 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, 40-88- 88-164 156 40-92- 92-156 167158159 160 40-93- 93-161 162 40-96- 96-163 164 165166 167168 .169 170 41-98- -171 172173 41-103- 103-174 176 Abraham Smith m. May 8, 1788, Martha Bowman. He was ad. to the ch. May 26, 1777. He d. Jan. 9, 1826, aged 70, and she_ d. Aug. 22, 1839, aged 81. He was one of the heroes of the opening scene of the Revolution in 1776. Oliver, bap. April 19, 1789 ; he is now living, in his 79th year. William Bowman, bap. Feb. 23, 1794; m. Dec. 10, 1835, Mary Smith, dau. of Isaac and Mary. He d. Nov. 7, 1867. Children, AbraraB., b. May 18, 1836, m, March 23, 1862, Annette A. Allen, and has Mary L., b. Dec. 8, 1862, Lottie A., b, March 10, 1865 ; Edwin Oliver, b, March 23, 1839, d, Sept. 10, 1849; Martha B. b. June 28, 1831. He d. Dec. 6, 1840, Isaac Smith m. Aug. 6, 1798, SaUy lies. aged 77. She d. Sept, 25, 1861, aged 86. Eliza, b, Jan. 22, 1800; m. March 24, 1831, Charles Blodgett. Susan Pierce, b, July 21, 1801 ; ra. May 18, 1823, Francis Kittridge Dudley of Weston. Mary, b, Jan. 16, 1803; m. 1835, William Bowman Smith. •[John, b, Oct. 17, 1804; m. Oct. 16, 1831, Hannah Fillebrown, Martha Bowman, b, Jan. 20, 1809 ; d. May 30, 1861, unm. Jacob Smith ra. Susan PierCe of Walt. aged 62 ; he d. Aug. 3, 1844, aged 79. She d. April 9, 1736, Isaac Brooks, b, Jan. 16, 1803 ; m. Nov. 24, 1829, Mary Russell, dau. of Nathan and Sybil Russell. She d. May 16, 1849, aged 46, and he ra. second, May 19, 1860, Sarah Poor. He had by his first wife Mary Frances, b. Sept. 10, 1830, A, April 26, 1847,; Susan Pierce, b. March 9, 1836, d. Sept. 21, 1849. WUiiam Henry, b. Jan. 7, 1809; ra. Susan B. Cutter. Joel Smith m. Sept. 21, 1794, Elizabeth Stearns of Walt. She d. April 1, 1836, and he m, second, June 9, 1839, wid. Zerviah Hall of Brewster, Lois, b. Feb. 18, 1795 ; m. first, June 9, 1822, Jonathan Sanderson, and second, June 19, 1832, Patrick Sullivan. \Joshua Steams, b. May 9, 1796 ; m. AprU 24, 1822, Maria Law- Levi, b.Aug. 10, 1798 ; d. Feb. 8, 1799. Levi, b, Aug, 5, 1800 ; d. Oct. 5, sarae year. Isaac, b. Aug, 31, 1803, He r. in Manchester, N. H. Eli Francis, b, Nov. 24, 1806 ; ra. wid. Livermore, r. Jn Waltham. PriscUla, b, Oct. 14, 1808; m. Darius Wellington of Waltham. James, b, Dec. 2, 1813 ; d. unmarried. Benjamin Smith m. Mary Lee. They were ad. to the ch. June 24, 1768. Anna, b, April 2, 1770; m. Abijah Wyraan of Burlington. Benjamin, b. Sept. 1, 1774. He went to Townsend, where he m. a Turner, and was killed by the upsetting of a cart. David, b. Sept. 29, 1776. He went to Ashby and m. a Foster. Thomas Smith m, Oct. 3, 1782, Sarah Taylor of Cbariestown, b. March 12, 1760, He d. Aug. 11, 1807. • Sarah, b. Oct. 17, 1783 ; m. John Underwood. Abiguil, b. March 30, 1786; m. Sept. 27, 1809, David Tattle. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 225 176 177 178 179 180 181182 183 56-113- 113-184 185 '186 187 188189 190 191 192 193 194 66-124- 124-195 196 66-131- 131-197 198 199 66-135- 135-200 201 Thomas, b. June 12, 1788; d. Aug. 12, 1809, unra. William Taylor, b. Aug. 3, 1789 ; m. May 27, 1812, Cynthia ChUd of Gardner. They are both living. No issue. Charles, b, July 27, 1791; ra. Hannah Hammond. Patty, b, Aug. 10, 1793 ; m. David Tuttle as his second wife. Jonas Leonard, b, June 11, 1795 ; d. March 16, 1801. Larkin, b, Oct. 15, 1797; m. Lucy S. Smith, dan. of Jonas. •[Ebenezer R„ b. Dec. 3, 1799; m. Almira Reed, JoTMS Leonard, b. April 10, 1803 ; m. Sarah Cowley of Wat. They had a child which d. young. He d. Dec. 10, 1846, Jonathan Smith m, first, June 16, 1771, Lydia Muzzy, She d. Nov. 7, 1786, and he m. second, Oct, 16, 1788, Abigail Marrett, She d, March 30, 1794, and he ra, third, March 17, 1796, Ruth Fiske, dau. of Dr. Joseph and Hepzibah Fiske. He had four chil dren by his first wife, three'by his second, and four by his third. He d. Nov. 29, 1819, aged 71. He resided on Main street, on the place owned by Mr. Cotterell. He was a tanner. Susanna, b. March 4, 1772 ; m. Nov. 27, 1794, Joshua RusseU. Rhoda, b, April 29, 1774; d. same day. Samuel, b, Feb. 6, 1778 ; d. same day. Samud, b. April 15, 1780. Harrid, b, Jan. 6, l791 ; m. Jan. 1, 1823, Imla Parker. Cyrus, a twin, b. Dec. 20, 1792. He went to Boston, where he had a family. Augustus, a twin, b, Dec, 20, 1792 ; he was found drowned in a watering trough, unmarried; Hepzibah, b, Oct, 6, 1796 ; m, April 19, 1821, Benjarain Eaton of Woburn, AbigaU, b. May 16, 1797 ; m. Joseph Johnson, Ruth, b, June 30, 1799 ; ra. Lot Eaton of Woburn. Jonathan, b. May 16, 1802 ; left Lex. and never retumed. William Smith ra. Jan. 22, 1789, Jane Pierce of Walt. dau. of Ephraim and Lucy (White) Pierce. Record very defective. He d. Oct. 13, 1846, aged 85. She d. March 11, 1860, aged 81. Abigail, b. Lovina, b. m. Oliver Locke. Jonas Smith m. March 26, 1798, Polly Underwood. Sept. 12, 1811. He d. Mary Munroe, b. Oct. 28, 1798 ; ra. John C. Bracket of Woburn. Lucy Stone, b. July 29, 1802 ; m. Dec. 26, 1824, Larkin Smith, Sophronia, b. Sept, 6, 1807 ; m, Orin Knapp of SomervUle, Amos Smith m, April 7, 1808, Catharine S. Langdon, dau, of Judge Timothy Langdon of Wiscassett, Me, He went to Boston, when a young raan, and was in trade as a druggist. He d. July 19, 1816, aged 32 : she d. May 20, 1857, aged 83 years. Sarah Langdon, b. July 21, 1809 ; d. July 18, 1825. Luq/CdctJiarine, b. Oct. 1, 1811 ; m. Oct. 6, 1831, Join H. Rogers. 226 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 203 -140- 140-204 205 206 207208 87-149- 149-209 210 211 212 213 214 215216 217 81-161- 161-218 219220 221 222228 224 Amos, b. Nov. 29, 1816, after the death of his father. He grad. H. C. 1838, entered the ministry, and was settled In Boston, Dec. 7, 1842, colleague with Rev. Dr. Parkman. In 1848, he left Boston, and was settled, Nov. 26 of that year, at Leominster. In 1866, he left Leominster, and took charge of a new society at Belmont. He was Installed over that society, April 26, 1867. Billings Smith m. Nov. 19, 1820, Sarah C. Blodgett. She d. May 30, 1836, aged 35, and he ra, second, March 8, 1837, Maria A. Winship. He d. May 3, 1847, aged 60. He was a captain. •[BUlings, b. Sept. 25, 1821 ; m. Feb. 10, 1847, Martha Child, Walt. Ellen A., b. July 29, 1824 ; m. Feb. 10, 1846, Joseph A. Wellington. James M., b, June 8, 1827 ; d. in California. Sarah C, b. May 9, 1836, George M„ b. July 15, 1842 ; d. Sept. 24, 1843. Ebenezer Smith m, Dec, 5, 1807, Anna Underwood, She d. Sept. 6, 1849, aged 65. He d. June 15, 1860, aged 79. Mary Ann, b. AprU 21, 1811 ; m. April 7, 1835, Isaac Childs. She d. 1859. Emily Jane, b, Sept. 20, 1813 ; d. Sept. 20, 1817. Maria, b. Jan. 10, 1816 ; m. Feb. 20, 1834, W. F. Adaras of Acton. She ra. second, Jonas Hanscorab of Moultonboro', N. H. Emily Jane, b, July 18, 1818 ; d. June 28, 1820. EUzabeth Nichols, b, Aug. 8, 1820 ; m. Ap. 8, 1841, Alonzo Goddard. Adeline, \ b, Oct. 28, 1822 ; m. May 1, 1842, Sam. Cooper of Chariest. Addison, S b. Oct. 28, 1822 ; ra. June 22, 1846, Dorcas L-eland of Som. Dorcas Wade, b, Sept. 6, 1824; ra. Elbridge Farmer of W. Camb. Josiah, b, July 23, 1827 ; ra. ISov. 22, 1849, AuriUa Snow. Josiah Smith m. May, 1817, Lucinda Wyman of Med. She d. April 4, 1853, aged 60. He is living. In the 79th year of his age, as spry and active as raost men at sixty. He has been long and exten sively known as a master of the fife. Commencing at an early age, he has played nearly seventy years for military companies. Such has been his reputation as a fifer, that he has been engaged by some of the most celebrated companies In the State, to play for them on their annual parades and on festive occasions. The Ancient and Honorable ArtiUery Company have been regaled by his music on their annual parade for the last half century, and thousands of our citizens, from Bangor, Me., to Alexandria, Va., have been excited to patriotic emotions by the piercing notes of his favorite Instrument. Nor has his labor in this line been confined to the " piping times of peace.". In the war of 1812, he was three months in the service, and in the late war inany a soldier has left the Commonwealth to defend our free institutions, with his breast heaving with patriotism excited by the music of this venerable fifer. James T,, b. April 19, 1819 ; d. Aug. 11, 1821. Oliver, b, Dec. 6, 1820 ; ra. Dec. 20, 1849, Louisa Porter. Emeline L,, b. Aug. 17, 1822; m. Jan. 21, 1841, Charles Clark. Caroline, b, July 9, 1824; ra. March 3, 1844, John Earle, jr. George H., b, June 11, 1826; m. Jan. 9, 1851, Eliza Melvin. CAaWes C, b. May 2, 1829 ; d. AprU 6,1830. Gharies C, b. Jan. 6, 1831; m. Lucinda Brown. ¦ ¦ GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 227 225 226 87-152- .152-227 228229 230231232 92-159-. 159-233 234 93-162- 162-235 236 237238 96-164- 164-239 240241242243244245 246 103-182- 182-247 248 Josiah Granville, b. June 16, 1833 ; m, Oct. 29, 1862, Georgia L. Houghton. Ethalinda Jane, b. May 26, 1840 ; m. Aug. 16, 1861, Francis M. Sawyer. Elias Smith m. Aug. 8, 1819, Harriet Hastings, dau. of Sarauel and Lydia Hastings, b. July '12, 1796. Sarah Phelps, b. May 8, 1820 ; m. March 28, 1839, Ebenezer Whittum. They reside in Boston, and have one child. Mai-y Bobbins, b, Aug. 5, 1821 ; ra. Oct. 7, 1846, David HaU of Walpole. They r. in Lexington. Julia Ann, b. July 31, 1823 ; m. Dec. 3, 1846, George Arnold of Charlestown. James Hastings, b. Aug. 11, 1825 ; m. June, 1849, EUza A. Aren- burg of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. Elias Everett, b. Aug. 7, 1827 ; m. May 27, 1854, Melvlna J. Meers of Hartford, Vt. ; r. in Belraont. Albert Bradford, b. June 9, 1829 ; ra. Sarah A. Bryant. They have Etta A., b. Sept. 4, 1863. ^ John Smith ra. Oct. 16, 1831, Hannah Fillebrown of W. Camb. Addine R., b. Sept. 16, 1832 ; m. Sept. 12, 1858, Francis H. Knee land of Sweden, Me. ; r. in Lex. He served three years in the late war. They have Ada F,, b. July 19, 1861, John F,, b. Nov. 20, 1834; d. Aug. 24, 1856, William Henry Smith m. Nov. 29, 1834, Susan B. Cutter, dau, of Stephen and Sally (Barker) Cutter, She d. Sept, 18, 1857, aged 48, George Henry, b. May 11, 1841. He was three years In the service of the United States in the Rebellion. Susan Rebecca, b. June 29, 1843, Sarah Jane, b, March 11, 1846, Frances, b. July 8, 1848. Joshua S. Smith m. April 24, 1822, Maria Lawrence, dau. of Phinehas Lawrence. He d. Jan. 7, 1865, Leei James, b. May 15, 1823 ; m. Laura A. George of Cornish, Vt. ; r. in Lex. till about 1852. Charles L., b. Nov. 16, 1824 ; ra. Patience Clarke of Me. They are now residing In Charlton. Alden Bradford, b, Aug. 1, 1829 ; m. Hannah Clarke of East Camb. r. in Lexington. Meline Augusta, b, Jan. 28, 1830. Maria Louisa, b Dec. 6, 1832 ; d. Jan. 21, 1852. Windsor, b, April 19, 1836 ; ra. Anna Ford of Provincetown ; r. in Boston. Anna Arbdle, b. Oct. 25, 1840 ; d. Oct. 7, 1864. Marshall Brown, b. March 8, 1843. Ebenezer R. Smith m. Jan. 29, 1829, Almira Reed. She d. Feb. 12, 1860, aged 56. Sarah E„ b, Oct. 27, 1829 ; m. AprU 23, 1851, Edmund Reed, Bur. Eustis R., b, March 6, 1832 ; d. Deo. 10, 1832, 228 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 249250262 140-204- 204-263 255 267 1- 23 46 Almira J„ b. Oct. 1, 1833 ; d. Nov. 22, 1834. Almira Jane, b, Oct. 24, 1836. 251 Eustis Reed, b. June 30, 1839. Odavia, b. July 16, 1841. Billings Smith m. Feb. 10, 1847, Martha Childs, dau. of Isaac Childs of Walt. He traded several years in Lexington, where he now resides, but is doing business in Boston, in the grain line. Billings, b. July 19, 1848. Martha R„ b. April 29, 1853. AUce M,, b, Feb. 24, 1867. 254 Lucy R., b. Nov. 18, 1850. 266 Ralph, b. Sept. 28, 1857. William Smith b. May 26, 1794, in Walt. ; came to Lex. Jan. 8, 1819, ra. April, 1820, Mary Fiske, dau.' of Isaac and Sarah (Flagg) Fiske of Walt, Shed, March 19, 1823, leaving one child. He ra, tf^uly 22, 1824, Mary C. Green, dau. of Jonas and Hannah (Child) Green of Walt, She d, Feb. 13, 1829, She had two chUdren, He m. Nov. 1832, Joan, wid. of Oliver Locke. Capt. William Smith, though not a Lexington man by birth, is from the same parent stock as the families above traced. He was son of Elijah Smith, b Jan. 30, 1760, who was the son oi Jonas Smith, b. June 7, 1719, who was the son of Zachariah Smith, b. May 16, 1687, who was the son of Jonathan (No. 13 in the foregoing table of the Smith family), and Jonathan was a brother of Thomas, John, and Jo.ieph, who settled in Lex., and they were sons of Thomas, who was born in England and came to this country, 1635, with his father, John. William H, b, Dec. 22, 1820; he resides in Boston. Franklin G„ b. May 23, 1825; d. Sept. 19, 1826. Charles G., b, Sept. 25, 1827 ; d. March 25, 1829. Mary E. B,, b. Jan. 3, 1834 ; m. May 21, 1861, WiUiam P. F. Meserve. -They reside In Boston, and have three chil., Josephine C, b. Nov. 2, 1862 ; WiUiam S., b. June 28, 1864 ; Harry F., b. May 7, 1867. Webster Smith, like Capt. William above, is a Lexington man by adoption, but is of the same parent stock as the Lexington families. His father, Jonas Smith, b. Feb. 6, 1788, was son of Zachariah, b. Aug. 22, 1749, who was son of Jonas, b. June 7, 1719, Here the ancestors of William and Webster unite ; and by tracing them back through Zachariah, we come to Jonathan (No. 13 in the foregoing register of the Smiths), and thence to the first emigrant. These Smiths generally resided in Waltham. Jonas Smith of Ijinc. m. 1815, Abigail Fiske, dau. of Phinehas, She d. April 13, 1862, They have had AbigaU, A, in infancy; Francis, b, April 8, 1822, ra. Abigail Baker ; Webster, b. May 24, 1825 ; Sarah CaroUne, b. June 7, 1828, m. Samuel Pierce. Webster Smith, the second son of Jonas, purchased the well known Phinney Place, and came to Lex. about 1852. He m, April 6, 1863, Caroline Cormic, dau. of Peter and Mary Cormic of Pictou, Nova Scotia. They have, one child, Abbie Fiske, b, July 4, 1865. He was one of the selectmen during the Rebellion, when many important duties were devolved upon that Board. There are other Smiths in Lexington, who have come into town recently, but do not belong to the same original stock. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 229 William L. Smith came to Lex. from Sterling about 1820. He m. Hannah Lane of Bed. He d. July, 1867, aged 60. 1- 2 WUliam H., b. Dec.lO, 1820 ; m. May 20, 1849, Susan L. Holbrook. He was a trader In the East Village. He was killed by falling from his wagon, 1867. He had one chUd, George Edwin, b. July 27, 1854. Adeline A,, b, June 20, 1827 ; m. May 1, 1846, Horatio Locke of West Cambridge. George 0., b, Jan. 5, 1832 ; is In business In Boston. 1- 23 46 There is still another family of Smiths in Lexington. Sylvanus W. Smith came to liex. from Newton, 1831. Abiel Smith of Smithfield, E. I., removed to Needham, Mass., where he d. Feb. 1861. His son, Enoch Smith, was b. in Needham, but settled in Newton, where he d. Nov. 25, 1834. He ra. EUzabeth Woods, dau. of George Woods of Rox. She d. Oct. 11, 1848. Sylvanus W. Smith, son of Enoch and Elizabeth, was b. in Newton, Aug. 2, 1808, and ra. July 6, 1834, Catharine Adams of Lex., dau. of Zab diel and Susan, b. April 26, 1813. They have had three children, Susan E., b. July 9, 1836; Ellen E., b. Nov. 25, 1837, d. Aug. 7, 1848; Emma A., b, Oct. 5, 1848. Sylvanus W. Smith has served several years as overseer of the poor and as selectman. He Is also a magistrate. THE SPAULDING FAMILY. Though the name of Spaulding is quite coraraon, no family of that name has resided In Lexington till a period comparatively recent. The Spauldihgs probably originated In Braintree, where Edward and his wife Margaret settled, and where she d. 1640. He had Edward and Benjamin b. in Braintree before 1644, a,nA Andrew b, Nov. 19, 1653 In Chelmsford, to which place he had removed. Andrew was a deacon of the church there. The descendants oi Edward Spaulding became numerous in that and some of the neighboring towns. Ed ward Spaulding was chosen Into office In Chelmsford in 1654, and Is said to have planted the first orchard In the town. The late Dr. Spaulding of Lexington descended from this stock. Stillman Spaulding, son of Job and Sarah (Proctor) Spaulding of Chelmsford, m. May 13, 1819, Lucy Butterfield, dau. of John and Rebecca (Kendall) Butterfield of the same town. Having studied medicine, he established himself in Lex. about 1820, and continued in practice to the time of his death. May 26, 1860. He was in his 72d year. John B., b. Jiine 29, 1823 ; d. May 4, 1832. Susan B., b, July 31, 1826 ; m. Jan. 23, 1845, WiUiam J. Currier, who is In practice of medicine in Lexington. Nathanid E., b. Nov. 23, 1829; m. June 14, 1858, Henrietta D. Palfrey of Boston. Louisa B., b, Feb. 16, 1833 ; d. next day. John B., b. Sept. 11, 1836; m. Oct. 3, 1861, Mary Bates Saville of Gloucester. There are other Spauldlngs In Lexington, from whom no returns have been received. 87 230 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 1-6- 6-10 1112 13 1416 STAPLES. — Eev. Nahor Augustus Staples, who was settled in Lexington, was son of Jason and Phlla (Tuft) Staples of Mendon. He was b. Aug. 24, 1830 ; m. Sept. 24, 1854, Margaret Shipping, dau. of Charles and Martha (Eddawes) Shipping of Philadelphia, Pa. . He grad. at Meadville Theological School In 1854, and was ordained at Lexington, Sept. 20, 1854. He was dismissed at his own request, Nov. 30, 1856, and was settled over a new society formed in Milwaukee, 111. After the breaking out of the RebeUion, he united himself with one of the Illinois regiments as chaplain. His health became impaired and he left the service. Having partially recovered his health, he settled over a society in Brooklyn, N. Y. His zeal and unsparing devotion to his profession gradually under mined his consthution, and he d. Feb. 5', 1864. Mr. Staples was a man of brilliant talents, and though he died young, had acquired a high reputation as a preacher. Their first child, Frederick A. Staples, was b. in Lex. Dec. 11, 1855. THE STEAENS FAMILY. There have been a few Stearnses in Lexington in every period of her history, and yet it is impossible to give a connected genealogy of them. This arises from the fact that the first family of that name became nearly if not quite extinct, and also from the fact that they descended from two distinct families. Isaac Stearns came to this country In 1630, probably In the same ship with Gov. Winthrop and Eichard Saltonstall, and settled in Wat., near Blount Auburn. He was made freeman, 1680, which is the eariiest date of any such admissions. He was selectman several years, and d. June 19, 1671, lea'ving a wid., Mary, who d. April 2 1677. Two or three oftheirchUdrcn were born in England. Isaac Stearns, m his Will, dated only a few days before his death, says, "My will IS that my kinsman, Charles Stearns, shall have ten pounds of ray estate." This Charies Stearns is the ancestor of a portion of the Lex. Stearnses. Mary, h. in Eng. ; m. July 9, 1646, Isaac Learned of Wobum. Hannah, b. m Eng. ; m. in Wat. Dec. 25, 1660, Henry Freeman. John, b. m Eng. ; settled in BiUerica, where he d. 1668 Usaac, b. Jan 6, 1633 ; m. June 24, 1660, Sarah Beers Sarali, h. Sept. 22, 1635 ; ra. June 7, 1655, Dea. Samuel Stone of Camb. She d. Oct. 6, 1700. Samuel, b, April 24, 1638 ; d. Aug. 3, 1683. Elizabdh b. ; ; m. AprU 13, 1664, Samuel Manning of Camb. : r. in BUlerica. Abigail, b, ; ra, April 27, 1666, Dea. John Morse. Isaac S'tearns m. June 24, 1660, Sarah Beers, and settled in w?' ,^® ?>,^"S. 2, 1676, and his wid. m. July 23, 1677, Thomas Wheeler of Concord. ^ara^, b. Jan. 14, 1662; m. Dec. 27, 1678, John Wheeler of Con. Mary, b. Oct. 8, 1663 ; ra. Jan. 1, 1694, John Cutler •[Isaac, b, April 26, 1666 ; ra. EUzabeth . \Samuel, b. Jan. 11, 1668 ; ra. Phebe ^Sy\L'l709~' '"¦ ¦^°^' ^^' "^^' ^""""^^ HartweU, and d. John, b. 1675. He r. in Con., afterwards in Bil., where he d. 1734. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 231 6^12- 12-16 171819 2021 22 23 24 6-13- 13-25 26 27 2829 303132333435 1- 23 4 6 Isaac Stearns m. Elizabeth . . He was a subscriber to the first meeting house, 1692, and was taxed the year following. He was ad. to the ch. May 8, 1699, by a letter from the ch. in Wat. He was constable in 1710. His first four children were recorded In Camb., the others in Lex. His children settled in Stoughton. &W, ( *'''°^' ^- ^'^*- ^^' ^^^'^ i ^°*'^ ^"^"^ *° Stoughton. Jabesh, b. Jan. 27, 1700; d. April 30, 1700. Jonathan, b. Nov. 20, 1701 ; r. in Stoughton. Hannah, b. Jan. 26, 1704. Mary, b. Nov. 10,_ 1706; m. about 1729, Dr. Edward Esty of Stoughton, who lived to be one hundred years old. They had fourteen children, twelve died without families. Martha, bap. Feb. 7, 1709; m. Nov. 1, 1734, Daniel Talbo't of Stoughton, Ebenezer, bap, July 8, 1711 ; was a Baptist clergyman in Stoughton, Abigail, bap. Nov. 12, 1713. Samuel Stearns ra. Phebe . He was in the precinct at its organization, and was taxed 1694, was an assessor 1711, '13, '17, and was a tythingraan, 1718. He was killed by a casualty, Nov. 19, 1721, and his widow settled his estate. She moved to Littleton in 1730, with a portion of her children. The rest appeared to have scattered In different directions. Sarah, b. Jan. 16, 1697; m. May 21, 1729, WilUam Wheeler of Stoughton. Mary, b. June 27, 1699; m. John Powers of Shutesbury. Abigail, b. Feb. 18, 1700 ; m. Joseph Temple of Con, Samuel, b. March 7, 1702 ; resided in Hollis, N. H. Ruth, b. May 26, 1704 ; in. Feb. 5, 1724, Oliver Lawrence of Wat, and d. 1725. Phebe, b. Feb. 23, 1706; m. Cummings of Uxbridge. Rebecca, b. April 16, 1708 ; m. Whittemore. Thomas, b. July 4, 1710; resided in Littleton. John, b, July 23, 1712 ; r. in Dedham and Attleboro'. Joseph, bap, April 16, 1715. ~ " b, Jan, 6, 1720 ; resided in Eutland, This branch of the Stearns family appears to have become extinct in Lexington ; though other branches from time to time crop out In the town. Phinehas Stearns of Waltham, b. Feb. 28, 1738, son of Dea, Isaac, ra. July 9, 1761, Mary Wellington, who d. Feb. 13, 1790. He raoved to Lexington as early as 1768. A part of their chUdren were b. in Lex., and several of them in. into Lex. families. He* was in the Eevolution. He was selectman 1781 and 1782. Sarah, b. Dec. 24, 1761; m. Isaac Hastings of Lexington. Mary, b.- March 6, 1764; ra. William Stearns, and d. 1814. Peleg, b. April 25, 1766 ; ra. May 22, 1794, Susan Phinney, John, bap, AprU 24, 1768 ; m. May 22, 1794, Chloe Phinney, The foregoing two brothers were m. at the same time, and their wives were sisters, dau, of Benjamin Phinney of Lexington. Phinehas, bap. June 1, 1770; d. young. Susanna, b, Aug, 8, 1774 ; m. 1800, James Wyeth of Camb, Isaac, b. Nov, 3, 1776 ; d, young. 232 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 10 1-4- 4r- 11 12 1314 16 16 1718 20 21 4-13- 13-22 23242626 13-26- Rebecca, b, Aug. 24, 1778 ; m. AprU 11, 1805, David WeUington. Dorcas, b. May 8, 1780; ra. Dec. 11, 1808, Luke ChUd. Samuel Stearns b. Oct. 23, 1761, son of Samuel of Walt., m. 1799, EUzabeth Brown, dau. of Capt. Francis Brown of Lex., re sided for a short time in Lex., where he d. June 13, 1806. They had Samuel, b. In Walt, Aug. 20, 1800 ; and Charles and Edwin, twins, b. in Lex. May 22, 1804. Charles d. in Boston, 1830, unm. and Edwin went to Middletown, Conn., where he became prominent, having been bank commissioner, aide to the Governor, representative and senator, and State treasurer. Charles Stearns of Wat. was admitted freeman. May 6, 1646. He was "kinsman" of Isaac Stearns, mentioned In his WiU, 1671. In 1680, he was elected constable in 'Wat., but decUned serving. It is supposed that soon after this he moved to Lynn End (now Lynn- field) with his son, Shubael. His first wife, Hannah, d. in Wat. 1651, and he ra. second, June 22, 1654, Rebecca Gibson, dau. of John Gibson of Cambridge. Samuel, b. in Wat. June 2, 1650 ; settled In Watertown. Shubael, b. In Camb. Sept. 20, 1665 ; settled In Lynnfield. \John, b. In Camb. Jan. 24, 1657 ; r. in Lexington. Isaac, b, ; settled In Salem, and d. previous to 1692. Charles, b, ¦ ; slain in the King's service prior to 1696. Rebecca, b, ; m. Jan. 25, 1693, Thomas Traine. Martha, b. ; m. Hutchinson. John Stearns m. Judith Lawrence. She d. and he ra. April 2, 1713, Mary Norcross. He resided In Lex., where he was taxed in the first tax bUl, 1693. He d. Feb. 22, 1722. Living near the line of Wat., most of his children were bap. in that town. Bebecca, b. March 21, 1682. 10 Judith, bap. June 22, 1690. Sarah, bap: June 22, 1690. George, bap. June 22, 1690 ; d. June 26, 1760 ; r. In Walthara. ^Benjamin, bap. June 22, 1690 ; ra. Hepzibah Shattuck. John, bap. May 11, 1701 ; m. Deliverance Bigelow ; r. In Worcester. Thomas, bap. May 11, 1701 ; he settled In Worcester, and kept a public house. Daniel, bap. May 11, 1701. Isaac, bap. May 11, 1701 ; m. Mehitabel Frost; r. in Boston. Mary, bap. May 11, 1701. 19 Elizabdh, bap. May 11, 1701. AbigaU, b. in Lex. May 12, 1700 ; ra. AprU 2, 1724, Jonas Har rington. Charles, b. in Lex. Oct. 22, 1702 ; he was -ad. to the ch. Jan. 15, 1721, and dismissed April 13, 1729, to a church in Carolina. Benjamin Stearns m. Sept. 6, 1721, Hepzibah Shattuck, wid. of Nathaniel. Her maiden name was Hastings. Hepzibah, bap. Sept. 1, 1722 ; d. 1723. ' Benjamin, b. 1723 ; d. 1724. Hepzibah, b. March 7, 1725 ; m. 1744, Josiah Smith of' Weston. Lucy, b. Jan. 24, 1727 ; m. Feb. 28, 1748, James Smith of Weston. \Benjamin, b. Dec. 27, 1728; ra. in Newton, Hannah Seger. Benjamin Stearns ra. Sept. 11, 1754, Hannah Seger of Newton. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. June 22, 1766. On the 13th of GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 233 26-27 28 29 3031323334 3636 37 26-27- 27-38 39 4041 42 43444646 47 27-41- 41-48 49505152636465 6667 68 41-49- 49-59 6061 July of that year, five of their children were baptized. He d. May 26, 1801, aged 73 ; she d. Nov. 25, 1806, aged 69, He was in the campaign to White Plains,' in 1776. \Asahel, bap. July 13, 1766 ; ra. Mary Smith. Habakkuk, bap, July 13, 1766; ra. AprU 18, 1785, Eunice Child, and settled in Line, where he d. Feb. 16, 1822, and his wid. d, Nov. 1822. Nahum, bap. July 13, 1766, MartJSa, bap. July 13, 1766; d. May 9, 1791, Ishmjiel, bap. July 13, 1766; r. in Walt, and d. 1820. A^oaA, bap. Sept, 21, 1766; ra. June 5, 1806, Prudence Winship of Lexington. Hannah, bap. Sept. 21, 1766; m. Feb. 17, 1785, John Parker. They were the parents of Rev. Theodore Parker. Hiram, bap. Oct. 16, 1768. Jeptha, m. in Weston, Nov. 1, 1798, Sally Fiske. ' Ammi, b. ; m. in Boston, Jan. 31, 1804, Polly Stearns. Elistia, bap. April 27, 1777. Asahel Stearns m. Mary Smith. They raade their peace with the ch. in Lex. Sept. 26, 1786, and two of their children were bap. Oct. 2, 1785. He was a member of Capt. Parker's co. 1775, was one of the eight months' men in 1775, and was in the continental line. Nathan, bap. Oct. 2, 1785 ; m. May 21, 1807, Susanna Adams. He d. 1846. Moses, bap. Aug, 13, 1786 ; m. Harthan ; resided in Lex, Amos, bap. July 6, 1788; ra. Nancy Blodgett; r. in Lowell, •[Joel, bap, June 20, 1790 ; ra. Betsey Parker. Matthew, bap. June 17, 1792 ; m. Nabby Brooks. Rhoda, bap. July 27, 1794 ; ra. Charles Gove. Leonard, bap. Aug. 28, 1796; ra. Hannah Wilson; r. in Belmont. Marshall, bap. Aug. 26, 1798; m. Elvira Flagg. Luther, bap. Sept. 12, 1800; m. Oct. 5, 1830, Lydia Varnum. They had four children, who d. young. Otis, bap. Nov. 14, 1802 ; m. Lydia . Joel Stearns m. Betsey Parker. John, b. about 1816 ; r. in Charlestown. ^George, b. Nov. 3, 1818; m. Lavinia Hadley. David, b, ; m. Adeline Withington ; r. in Charlestown. Almira, b. about '1822 ; ra. George Webber of Waltham. Ambrose M., b. 1824; m. Cynthia VUes of Walt. ; r. in Chariest. Abner, b. ; m. Charlotte Bigelow of Line. ; r. in Chariest, Henry, b, ; ra. Marie Piper of Walt. ; resides there, Jane, b. ; m. Sept. 22, 1844, Nathan Boynton ; r, Westboro', Edward, b. ; d. 1863. Ophelia, b, ; ra. George Eawson ; r. in Boston, Albert, b, ; ra. Lizzie Grace ; r. in Waltham. There being no record of the family, they may not be arranged in the order of their birth. George Stearns m.' Dec. '25, 1844, Lavinia Hadley, dau. of Sewell Hadley. George Arthur, b, March 12, 1846. Adelaide, b, Dec. 16, 1848. Oha/rles Herbert, b. Dec. 7, 1864. 234 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 THE STETSON FAMILY. Caleb Stetson is a son of Thomas Stetson of Kingston, and was b. July 12, 1793. He grad. H. C. 1822, and was settled as a clergy man at Medford, Feb. 28, 1827. He left Medford, and was settled at South Scituate. Mr. Stetson Is a lineal descendant from the original emigrant, Bobert Stetson, who settled in Scitu.'ite, commonly called " Cornet Eobert," he being a cornet of the first company of horse in Plymouth Colony. He was seventeen years a deputy to the General Court, and was active in King Phillip's War. He d. Feb. 1, 1702, aged 90 years. Thomas, his third son, had a family of twelve children. Elisha, the fifth son of Thomas, bap. 1686, m. about 1706, Abigail Brewster, by whom he had five children. Elisha, his only son, b. 1718, m. 1742, Sarah Adams, and had ten children. Thomas, his third son, b. March 9, 1752, ra. Sept. 3, 1778, Elizabeth Cook of Kingston, and had eleven children. He was a shipmaster about thirty years, when he left the sea, and settled on a farm In Harvard, where he d. 1820. His children, of whora Caleb was the ninth, were born In Kingston. Caleb Stetson ra. Aug. 22, 1827, Julia Ann Merriam, dau, of Rufus and Martha (Simonds) Merriam of Lexington. After leaving South Scituate, he came to Lex, to reside on the old homestead of his father-in-law, in 1860, Frederic D., b. July, 1828 ; went abroad for his health, and was lost at sea on his passage from Palermo, March 10, 1846. Thomas M., b. June 15, 1830; grad, H. C. 1849, read law, and Is In practice at New Bedford. He m. Sept. 10, 1856, Caroline Dawes, dau. of Hon. Thomas D. EUiott of New Bedford, Julia, b. AprU 1, 1834; m. Dec. 5, 1867, Sergeant C. Whitcher of Boston ; r. in Lexington. Osgood, b. Oct. 6, 1837 ; d. Oct. 9, 1838. Edward G., b. Nov. 4, 1840 ; grad. H. C. 1863, is studying law. Abby, b. Sept. 10, 1844 ; m, March 8, 1866, A. Augustus Griffing. Ellen W., b. July 31, 1847. STEVENS. — The faraily here traced is said to have descended from John Stevens, one of the first settlers of Andover, but In the absence of the records we are unable to fill up the line of descent. Cyrus Stevens of Gloucester m. about 1796, Hannah Elwell of that town. They had CaroUne, b. 1797 ; William, b. 1799 ; two children who d. In early infancy; George, b. 1802; Henry, b, 1804- James, b, 1807. ' William Stevens, son of Cyrus and Hannah, m. May 13, 1822, Nancy Pierce, dau. of Henry and Abigail (Knights) Pierce. He settled in Gloucester and subsequently in Charlestown, and from thence came to Lex. about 1845. He engaged in mercantile pur suits, and afterwards was a clerk In the Boston Custom House twelve years. He d. Aug. 28, 1862, aged 63. They had the fol lowing children, Anna P., b. Dec. 29, 1823, d. Oct. 8, 1824- Wil- UarnH b. April 13, 1826, ra. June 5, 1848, Caroline E. Goodrich of Charlestown, they reside in California, and have two children- ThomaUne L., b. March 25, 1828; Ann C, b, Feb. 28 1831 ra' June 2, la52, Horace B. Davis, and has two children; Hannah E ' \- ^-r.^ .Ivl^f'^' .'"• ^°''- ^^' ^8'^^' C^«°'-ge D. Eobinson, and d! April 6, 1864, leaving one chUd ; Mary, b. Nov. 12, 1844. ''i^^/j^. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 235 1- 2 1-4- THE STONE FAMILY. The Stones were early in the country, and have become very numerous in all parts of the State. They were among the early settlers In Lexington, and were numerous, respectable, and influen tial. There were so many of the same name, that they were in many instances in the Lex. Records, designated by their geographical position, as John Stone East and John Stone West, Samuel Stone East and Samuel Stone West, But the family are now, and for some time have been, nearly or quite extinct in the town. Gregory Stone, their original ancestor, came to this country with his faraily In 1636, and settled in Cambridge. He was one of the members of the first church, and was one of its deacons. He had six children, four sons and two daughters. He was also step father of John and Lydia Cooper, two chUdren of his wife by her first husband in England. Dea. Stone d. Nov. 30, 1672, aged 82. She d. June 24, 1674. He was ad. freeman, 1636 ; was one of the proprietors of Watertown, and a representative in 1638. John, b. in Eng. about 1619 ; m. Anne He was one of the proprietors of Sudbury, had several grants of land there, and settled on the Sudbury river near the Falls, being the place where the village of ^axonviUe, in Framingham, is now situated. He had twelve children, and his descendants have been numerous in Sudbury, Framingham, and other towns in that neighborhood. None of them came to Lexington. Daniel, was a " chirurgeon," and resided in Boston. \David, settled on his father's " Cambridge Farms," where he owned a large tract in the southwestern part of the town, including what is now a part of Lincoln, where Gregory Stone, one of his descend ants lived on the old homestead. Samud, like his brother David, settled on his father's large tract, residing about a mile easterly of his brother, near the junction of our present Lincoln and Weston streets, where stood the old mansion, occupied by the Stones for more than a century. Elizabeth, va. Potter, and resided in Ipswich. Sarah, m. July 12, 1653, .Joseph Merriam of Con. and was the mo ther of Joseph, John, Eobert, and Thomas Merriam, who settled in Lex. in the immediate neighborhood of the Stones. She d. In Lex. April 8, 1704, aged 71, and hence was born 1633. David Stone m. Elizabeth about 1648, and had David, and. he m. second, Dorcas , but the mother and child soon d and had several children. He was made freeman, 1647. 16, 1704, and she d. Aug. 13, 1704. 4- 8 9 111213 He d. Jan. His name does not appear upon the first records of the precinct, except as a tax payer, and his tax being small, he had probably disposed of most of his property to his sons, and had in a manner retired from business, as he was between seventy and eighty years of age. The record of his famUy, and that of his sons, is exceedingly defective, and hence I can give no fuU account of them. \David, b, April 9, 1650; m. Dec. 31, 1674, Sarah Hildreth. {Daniel, b. 10 Dorcas, b. Dec. 18, 1662. {john, b. 1654 ; ra. Mary . {'Samuel, b, June 19, 1666 ; m. Hannah . Nathanid, b. . 236 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-5- 6-14 16 16171819 4-8- 8-20 4-9- 4-11- 11-22 23 24 4-12- Samuel Stone was b. 1636, the year his father came to the coun try. He ra. June 7, 1655, Sarah Stearns of Wat., by whom he had ten or twelve children, about half of whom d. young. It Is difficult to say at what time Samuel Stone and his brother David came to Cambridge Farms, but it is probable that they settled hare about the time of their marriage, that is, about 1648 and 1656 respectively; and as the country was at that time unsettled, they would naturally precede their famUies, and so may have been here a year earlier. They were at all events araong the first settlers. Samuel's name Is borne upon our first records, being a subscriber for the first meeting house In 1692, and was taxed on the precinct tax bill in 1693, where his tax was higher than that of any other citizen, showing that he was a man of large landed property. At the first organization of the precinct, no man was more promi nent than Sarauel Stone, Sen. He was chosen deacon at the organi zation of the ch., was assessor, and was on almost every important committee. He d. Sept. 27, 1716, aged 80 years and 7 months. His first wife, Sarah, d. Oct. 4, 1700, and he m. second, Abigail , who d. in Wo., 1728, aged 71. ^Samuel, b, Oct. 1, 1656 ; ra. Dorcas Jones of Concord. Sarah, b, Feb. 5, 1660 ; m. Edward Converse of Woburn, where she was living 1709. ^John, b. May 12, 1663 ; ra. Rachel Shepard of Concord. Lydia, b, Nov. 25, 1666 ; ra. Francis Bowman. •[Joseph, b. 1671; ra. Sarah Wait. ? Anna, b. June 30, 1673 ; m. It Is supposed, John Merry. David Stone ra. Dec. 31, 1674, Sarah Hildreth. In the absence of any connected record, I shall not attempt to give any connected genealogy of this family. He probably d. Sept. 21, 1679. Sarah, b. March 6, 1676. 21 Elizabdh, b. Jan. 6, 1679. Daniel Stone ra. Sarah . The following is all that can be gleaned of this family from the Lex. Records. Daniel Stone was a subscriber for the meeting house In 1692, and was taxed in the pre cinct the year following, I find no record of the birth of his chil dren. In 1700, Gregory Stone, Lydia Stone, and Susanna Stone, children of Daniel Stone, were baptized. With this meagre record, we dismiss the_ family, observing that there is a marked diffiirence between the Stones denominated East and those denominated West ; the former kept up a good record in the town and church, while the latter did not. John Stone ra. Mary . Of this family but little appears of record. John Stone West, was a subscriber for the raeeting house In 1692, and his name appears subsequently in the precinct tax biUs, His wife was ad. to the ch. June 14, 1699, .Mary, bap. Nov. 13, 1698. AbigaU, bap. Nov. 13, 1698 ; ra. Jan. 9, 1724, John Cutler. Benjamin, bap. Feb. 1702 ; probably m., as we find Mary of Ben jamin Stone, bap. Oct. 13, 1728. Samuel Stone m. Hannah . David, his father. In 1699, deeded him land on which Samuel's house stood. He subscribed for GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 237 25 6-14- 14^26 27282930 31 6-16- 16-32 3334353637 5-18- 18-38 8940414243 14-26- 26-44 45 the first meeting house, designating himself "David's son." records give very little information concerning his family. Mary, bap. Nov. 13, 1698. The Samuel Stone ra. June 12, 1679, Dorcas Jones of Concord. He was designated Samuel Stone East, to distinguish him from his cousin Samuel, who was called Samuel Stone West, He was one of the original raembers of the church in 1696, and his wife was received in 1698, from the church in Concord. He d. June 17, 1743, aged 87 ; she d. Sept. 24, 1746, aged 87. He was chosen deacon of the ch, Nov. 1715, to fill the vacancy in that office occasioned by the death of his father. He was selectman, 1714, '16, '23, •[Samuel, b. Aug. 12, 1684; m. Abigail Reed of Woburn. \Joseph, b, Feb. 8, 1687 ; ra. Mary , \Jonathan, b, Feb, 2, 1689 ; m. Chary Adams, Sarah, b, ; m, Thomas Cutler. ElizabetJi, b. 1693; ra. March 18, 1710, John Lawrence. Rebecca, b, 1696 ; m. Benjamin Reed. John Stone m. April 27, 1687, Rachel Shepard of Con. He was a subscriber for the first meeting house, and to distinguish him from his cousin, and to show that he was on the high road of railitary promotion, he was designated corporal. They were admitted to the church Jan. 18, 1708. He 4. Feb. 3, 1713, in his 49th year. Rachel, b. 1688; d. Aug. 31, 1695. \John, b. Dec. 15, 1689 ; m. AprU 8, 1714, Mary Reed. Mai-y. b. Sept. 26, 1692; ra. John Bowman. Anna, b. Nov. 27, 1694; m, Dec. 8, 1718, Josiah Parker. Rachel, b. June 6, 1697 ; m, Jan, 1721, Jonathan Butterfield of Cambridge, Ruth, b. Aug. 27, 1700. Joseph Stone m, Sarah Wait, He d. Jan, 17, 1703, aged 32, He was taxed in the precinct, 1693, Lydia, b, about 1693, Isiiac, b. about 1696 ; m, July 24, 1722, Elizabeth Brown of Sud bury. He moved to Shrewsbury. Joseph, b. about 1697 ; m, Lydia Parkhurst of Weston, and resided in Framingham, Abigail, bap, Jan. 1, 1699 ; m. Jan. 9, 1723, John Cutler, Sarah, bap, Nov. 1700 ; ra. Nov. 5, 1719, Joseph Blodgett, Tabitha, bap, Jan, 3, 1703 ; m, in Weston, Aug. 26, 1728, Samuel Warren. Samuel Stone ra. AprU 3, 1706, Abigail Eeed of Wo. dau. of Dea. George Eeed. June 8, 1718. Samuel Stone and wife were dis missed from the ch. of Lex. to the ch. of Sud., where they then lived ; subsequently they removed to Eutland. Afterwards they returned to Lex, and were readmitted, Nov, 11, 1744. He d. April 5, 1769 ; she d, Jan, 16, 1767. Abigail, b, AprU 21, 1707 ; m. April 2, 1724, Micah Stone of Fra mingham. Samuel, b, Dec. 8, 1708 ; ra. Oct. 20, 1732, Mindwell Stevens of Rutland, where he settled and had a faraily. 88 238 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 46 47 48 4950 14-27- 27-51 62536466 6667 68 ^ Jonas, b. Dec. 3, 1710 ; he was twice married. , Elizabdh, b. Dec. 21, 1713; m. Jan. 12, 1731, John Stone, settled in Rutland. Tabitha, b. Jan. 9, 1716; ra.' John Noyes of Sudbury. Mary, b. March 9, 1718; ra. Thomas Bent of Sudbury, Susanna, b, AprU 24, 1720; ra. Elijah Bent of Sudbury. 69 60 Joseph Stone ra. Mary . His WiU was proved May 21, 1753. He was selectman, 1743, Ephraim, b. Nov. 20, 1710 ; resided in Stow. Mary, "? b. June 26, 1714 ; in. William Keyes of Harvard. Jo.ieph, \ b. June 26, 1714; r. in Brookfield. Abigail, b. Sept. 26, 1716 ; ra. Josiah Shattuck of Cambridge. •[Samud, b. Aug. 13, 1718; m. Jane . Sarah, b. Feb. 29, 1720; m. Dea. Jonas Stone as his second wife. James, b, Aug. 7, 1722 ; resided in Weston, dismissed to that church 1749. Elizabeth, b, Feb. 7, 1724; m, Jan. 16, 1762, Benjamin Sampson of Leominster. Dorcas, b. AprU 11, 1726; m. Benjamin Stone of Harvard. Bartholomew, b. June 19, 1727 ; d. young. 14-28- 28-61 6263 64 6566 6768 16-33- 33-69 7071 727374 Jonathan Stone m. Nov. 17, 1712, Chary Adams of Concord. Margaret, b. Oct. 25, 1713 ; d. Dec. 30, 1713. Dorcas, b. March 25, 1715.; ra. Nov. 13, 1733, Joseph WeUington. Margaret, b. Sept. 16, 1718 ; ra. March 13, 1735, Thomas WeUing ton, jr. Bebecca, { b. Jan. 7, 1723 ; ra. TIraothy Wellington. Love, \ b. Jan. 7, 1723 ; m. June 11, 1747, Samuel Whittemore of Cambridge. Jonathan, bap. March 14, 1725 ; m. 1747, Martha Cutler of West Cambridge. Samuel, b, June 10, 1727 ; m. first, Martha Earle of Boston, second, Mrs. Eunice Underwood of Lexington. Josiah, b, Nov. 10, 1729 ; ra. AbigaU . John Stone m. April 8, 1714, Mary Reed, dau. of Capt. WiUiam Reed. He d. Aug. 7, 1762, aged 73, and she d. Oct, 16, 1772, aged 78. In his Will, dated Nov. 11, 1766, he gave £6 to the church, of which he was deacon. He was selectman 1734, and for eight subsequent years, and assessor 1746, John, b, July 11, 1716 ; d, March 22, 1736, aged 21 years, Mary, b, Feb. 26, 1717 ; she was Insane. Anna, b. Nov. 22, 1718 ; ra. July 28, 1737, Robert Munroe, who was killed on the Common, April 19, 1775, Nathan, b. Sept. 21, 1723 ; d. July 13, 1740, aged 16 years. Ruth, b, July 6, 1725 ; d.July 19, 1740, aged 15 years. Lydia, b. Sept, 20, 1729 ; m. June 6, 1751, Nathaniel MuUiken, who d. Nov. 23, 1767, aged 46, and she ra. Jonathan Harrington. She d. Nov. 13, 1785. 26-46- JoNAS Stone ra. Elizabeth Adams. He moved to Rutland, where his wife d. April 3, 1761, when he returned to Lexington, where he m. May 12, 1752, his cousin, Sarah. Stone, dau. of Joseph. He d. Oct. 29, 1790, aged 80, and she d. Nov. 4, 1780, aged 61. He was selectman thirteen years, assessor nine years, and treasurer from GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 239 46-75 767778 7980 27-55- 46-77- 77-81 82 1- 1755 to 1778 ; was on the committee of correspondence in 1773 and 1776, was representative from 1771 to 1777, delegate to the first and second Provincial Congresses in 1774 and 1775. Elizabeth, b. 1733 ; d. Dec. 27, 1752. Deborah, b. 1736; m. AprU 13, 1753, Samuel Bass of Boston. tt/onas, b. 1741 ; ra. June 12, 1756. Sarah Buckman. Lucy, b, 1743 ; m. Jan. 17, 1765, Joseph Smith. Hannah, b. 1746 ; ra. June 29, 1769, Thoraas Barrett of Concord. Zerviah, b, 1749 ; d, Dec. 27, 1762, Samuel Stone ra. Jane , who d. 1786, aged 66, and he d. in Lex. March 31, 1768, They had two children recorded, Elizabdh, b. June 5, 1743 ; Ruth, b, Nov, 26, 1744, ra, July 21, 1768, John Buckman, jr. Jonas Stone m, June 12, 1766, Sarah BuclAnan. He d, April 24, 1814, aged 73, and she d. Sept. 24, 1825, aged 78, He was a raember of Capt, Parker's company In 1776, Sarah, b, Dec. 1767. Samuel, b, Dec, 27, 1769; m. Sally ChUd. He d. Oct. 11, 1824, and she d. Oct. 9, 1824. They were both buried in the same grave, the same day. They had Samuel, b. March 27, 1794, who ra. Mary Spaulding. Elizabeth, b, Nov. 13, 1770. The Stones of Lexington seemed to disappear rather suddenly, and to have left a record so imperfect, that it is impossible to state their genealogy, or the place to which they removed. It would be injustice, however, not to mention the generous act of one of that name, whose family we are unable to trace. At a town meeting in Lex. held June 15, 1761, "Mr. Isaac Stone came into said meeting and gave the Town a Bell for the Town's use forever ; which i3ell was there, and weighed four hundred sixty-three pounds, for which the Moderator in the name of the Town returned him thanks."^ THE STOWE FAMILY. William Sto-we was born in New Haven, Conn, and ra. Eraeline Thoraas of that place. Like many other young men, he was thrown in early life upon his own resources. Ue entered the army and served several years, mostly upon the frontier. After his discharge, he returned to his native place, and by his own personal efforts quali fied himself to enter the Newton Theological School, When he left that institution, he commenced preaching as a Baptist clergyman in Charlestown, Mass. After laboring there about eight years," he went to Martha's Vineyard. He subsequently united with the Episcopa lians, and settled at Bristol, E. I. After a ministry of six or seven years, he received a call at Port Huron, Mich., which he accepted, and vfhere he stiU remains, _ Though in a great degree self-taught, he has become quite a proficient in some departments of science and Uterature, He has had eight children, two of whom d, young. Rev. William T. Stowe, his oldest son, was b. Aug, 30, 1841, He qualified himself by his own efforts to enter the law school at Albany, from which he graduated, and was admitted to the bar in that city in i860. Having a desire to enter the ministry, he turned his attention to the Gospel rather than to the law, .and commenced 240 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2- 3 4 6 preaching under the auspices of the Universallsts. In 1862, he was settled in Brattleboro', "V"t., where he remained till he came to Lex. in 1864. Since that time he has preached for the United Societies in the East Village. He ra. June 7, 1861, Maria Hartness, dau. of John Hartness of Albany. William H,, b. in Brat. March 28, 1862. Mary Blasdel, b. In Lex. June 11, 1866. John, b. in Lex. July 25, 1867. SUMNEE.— William Sumner, son of Eoger of England, carae to this country about 1635, with his wife Mary, by whom he had a family in Dorchester. William, one of his sons, m. EUzabeth Cle ment, and had among other children, Clement, b, Sept. 6, 1671, who ra. May 18, 1698, Margaret Harris, and had Benjamin, b. May 28, 1711, wh^ra. Mercy . He d. July 21, 1795. His wife d. Feb. 22, 1768. James, a son of Benjarain and Mercy, was b. 1740, and d. 1814. He ra. first, AUce Waldron, second, Byles, and third, Hannah Eidgeway. By his wife AUce he had James, b, 1763, who m. Elizabeth Foster of Beverly, and d. Oct. 23, 1814. Jaraes and EUzabeth had a son, James, b. May 4, 1788, and d. AprU, 1849. He m. Sarah Badger of Boston. They had six chUdren b. in. Bos ton, where their ancestors for several generations had resided, viz., James D,, b. 1816 ; Elizabeth, b. March, 1818, ra. Charles Southack ; Sarah Ann, b, Jan. 27, 1820, ra. May 9, 1839, Charles Brown of Lex. ; MaryB,, b. 1822, m. John Tilton ; Catharine, b. — , d. young. James Dudley Sumner, the eldest chUd of Jaraes, was b. May 14, 1816, andra. Feb. 13, 1840, Sarah Maria Johnson, b. AprU 22, 1816. They r. in Lex. and have had Maria Carlton, b. Dec. 17, 1842, d. April 13, 1856, and James Frank, b, Aug. 18, 1857. THOENING.— In December, 1781, Thomas Cutler, in conforraity to the law then existing, gave notice to the selectraen, that he had taken into his house to reside John Thoming and wife, and their dau. Sarah', with Eunice Philips, also William Thoming ; and that they came from Lincoln. John Thorning by his wife Betsey had, in addition to Sarah, Frederick A., b. Dec. 27, 1790. William Thorning, who came to Lex. with John, m. June 18, 1782, Eunice Phillips, who came to Lex. with John, and had a large family. They resided on Wood street, in the house now occupied by Mr. Medill. He d. March 23, 1829, aged 72 ; she d. Feb. 10, 1849, aged 93. His children were William, b. March 21, 1783 ; Abigail, b, April 26, 1784 ; John, b, June 29, 1785 ; Eunice, b. Jan. 28, 1787 ; Sally, b, Dec. 29, 1788, d. Aug. 27, 1846, aged 57, unra. ; PoUy, b, Nov. 2, 1790, ra. Sept. 10, 1823, Leonard Wood of Wo. ; Dorcas, b, June 14, 1792, m. Aug. 25, 1821, WiUiam Child of Groton; Isaac, b, June 7, 1794 ; Cyms, b, June 18, 1796 ; Leonard, b. Aug, 8, 1799, m. May 17, 1827, Almira Whitney. THE TIDD FAMILY, There is some obscurity in the early history of the Tidds in this country, John Tidd, the original ancestor of the family, it is probable, came over and settled in Charlestown In 1637. He raoved to 1- 2 2- 3 4 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 241 Wobnm in 1640, and d, Ang. 3, 1643, His name was speUed Tead, and sometimes Teed, which was the common spelling in the early Lexington records. Most if not all his children were born abroad. His WiU, dated Jan. 4, 1642, and proved Sept, 6, 1643, mentions sons John and Joseph, and dau. Mary, who probably ra. Francis Kendall, and three grand-children, the youngest children of Ebenezer, deceased. His son John carae to Lex,, and is the ancestor of the Tidds of this town. John Tidd, b. 1626, and m. In Wo. April 14, 1650, Rebecca Wood of that town. She d. Jan. 10, 1717, aged 92, He moved to Camb. Farms, 1686, and settled upon the farm where Mr. Charles Tidd now resides. He appears to have been some-what extensively engaged in dealing in real estate. He became one of the proprietors of Camb,, for in the division of the land in 1683 above the "eight mile line," John Tidd received his distributive share. He also pur chased lands of David Maekgeney, William Carly, David Fiske, and others. The homestead appears to have been bought of David Fiske, and conveyed by deed dated June 1, 1686. It was a lot of forty acres. Here the first house for the Tidds was probably erected, and the property remains In the hands of the lineal descendants at the present day,— a period of more than one hundred and eighty years. On our earliest records, viz., a subscription for building a raeet ing house, in 1692, we find the name of John Tidd, or Teed, as the narae was frequently spelt, and also the names of his sons Joseph and Samuel; and on the tax bill for 1693, we find the names of John and his sons Joseph, Samuel, and Daniel. The same year John Tidd was chosen one of the assessors, and one of a committee to purchase of the town of Cambridge a tract of land for the support of the ministry. He d. AprU 12, 1703, aged 78. His Will, dated Aug. 7, 1701, and proved May 31, 1703, gives a general view of his descendants. He gives a considerable portion of his property to his son John, with a provision that he shall pay a certain sum to Daniel and Mary Tidd, the children of his son Daniel, deceased. He gives twenty shillings to each of his four oldest grand-sons (not including Daniel mentioned above), viz., Joseph Smith, John Tidd, Thomas Blodgett, and Joseph Simonds. He also makes a bequest to his four oldest grand-daughters, viz., Elizabeth Tidd, Rebecca Simonds, Hannah Smith, and Rebecca Blodgett. His children were all born in Woburn. Hannah, b. Sept 21, 1652 ; ra. Dec. 1, 1674, Joseph Sraith of Wat. John, b, Feb. 26, 1664; ra. about 1678, EUzabeth , by whom he had between 1679 and 1691 five children, Elizabeth, John, Joseph, Bebecca, and Mary. None of them probably ever came to Lex. to reside. Mary, b, Nov. 13, 1656 ; m. Joshua Simonds of Lexington. Samud, b. June 16, 1659 ; d. May 9, 1699, unra._ His heirs signed an agreeraent about his property, by which it appears that his brothers, John and Joseph, and his sisters, Hannah Smith, Mary Simonds, and Rebecca Blodgett, were living at his decease; that his brother Daniel died before him, leaving two children, Daniel and Mary, and their mother, Lydia. Samuel Tidd was in the Ill- fated expedition to Canada, in 1690. t/osepA, b. Jan. 20, 1660; d. Dec. 26, 1730. {Daniel, b, about 1662; d, Nov. 29, 1696, Bebecca, b, about 1665 ; m. Nov. 11, 1685, Thoraas Blodgett of Wo, They subsequently removed to Lex. and were the ancestors of most of the Blodgetts which have ever resided in the town. 242 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 2-7- -10 11121314 15 2-8- 8-16 17 7-11- 11- 20 JpsEPH Tidd m. Mary , who d. Jan. 23, 1694, aged 23. Their child d. Jan. 23, 1696. He m. second, Mary , who d. Jan. 9, 1718, aged 32. By her he had at least six children ; of the birth of some of them we find no record. He -ra. third, Mary . He d. Dec. 26, 1730, and she d. Jan. 4, 1731. Tradition says they both d. of the small pox. He was a man of handsome property for that day. His son Joseph administered upon his estate, which was Inventoried at £ 967, 10s. Sd, his real estate being £809 of that sum. He was constable in 1699, was appointed on several important committees, and was one of the selectmen In 1714. A child, b, ; d. Feb. 3, 1703. •[Joeeph, bap. May, 1707 ; d. Sept. 2, 1772. Samuel, b. May 29, 1709 ; settled in Western (now Warren). Sarah, b, Nov. 19, 1711 ; ra. John Bridge, and d. March 14, 1754, Betty, b. May 29, 1714; m. Gershom Flagg of Woburn. b. ; m. David Cutler of Lex. Daniel Tidd m. Dec. 4, 1694, Lydia Carter of Camb. He was residing in Lex., and was upon the tax bill In 1694, '96, '96, but d. on the 29th of Feb. of the last year, leaving a widow, who d. Aug. 16, 1727, aged 55. \Danid, b. about 1696 ; m. Hepzibah Eeed. Mary, b, about 1697. Joseph Tidd m. July 31, 173,1, Dorothy Stickney. He d. Sept. 2. 1772, aged 66, and she d. 1790, aged 78. They were ad. to the ch. in Lex. Aug. 1, 1766. He resided upon the old home stead. He was a large owner of real estate, having lands not only In Lex. but In New Braintree, Woburn, Templeton, and PhiUipston. His Will, dated Oct. 4, 1770, and proved Dec. 16, 1772, mentions wife Dorothy, sons Benjamin, John, Joseph, and Ebenezer, and dau. Mary Jennison and Sarah Joslin, He made Benjamin and John executors of his WUl, and gave them the greater part of his property, — they to pay out certain legacies and provide for their mother. The provisions of his WUl In relation to the support of his wid. cast some light upon the manners, customs, and mode of living at that day, and hence we will give a few Items. After mentioning a certain portion of the house which she should occupy, it is provided that John and Benjamin shall furnish her annuaUy six cords of wood, cut fit for the fire, at the front door of the house, two barrels of cider, one bushel of malt, six bushels of Indian meal or corn, six bushels of rye, one hundred pounds of pork, seventy pounds of beef, four pounds of good wool, ten pounds of flax, &c. He was selectman, 1761, '66, '67. Mary, b, Jan. 7, 1732; m. Feb. 12, 1756, Josiah Jennison of Lex. Joseph, b. May 11, 1734; m. Dec. 7, 1762, Sarah Munroe, dau. of William and Sarah (Masqn) Munroe. He moved to New Brain tree, where he was a lieutenant, when that title implied more than it does at present, Ebenezer, b. Aug, 16, 1737 ; he moved to New Braintree in 1768, where he resided. Among his children was Ebenezer, who was a prominent raan in his day. He was a captain of a company of cavalry, served many years as selectman, and filled other town offices. His son, HoUis Tidd (grand-son of Ebenezer of Lex,), has for many years been a leading citizen in that small but very intelligent town. He was an aide to Gen. Crawford, served on the GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 243 21 2223 8-16- 16-24 2526 27 2829 30.313233 11-22- 22-34 36 11-23- 23-37 3839 school committee more thaii thirty years, as one of thb selectmen and as one of the assessors some fifteen or sixteen years each, represented the town in the legislature two years, and has for many years held the office of justice of the peace. Sarah, b, March 8, 1739 ; m. Nov. 23, 1763, Samuel Joslin of New Braintree. ^Benjamin, b, June 21, 1742; m. Joanna Fitch of Bedford. •[John, b. Oct. 26, 1749 ; ra. Elizabeth Reed, Daniel Tidd ra. April 19, 1742, Hepzibah Reed, dau. of Capt. WiUiam and Abigail (KendaU) Reed. He d. Jan. 16, 1776, aged 81 ; she d. AprU 11, 1777, aged 72. He was on the board of select men nine years, on the board of assessors ten years, and town clerk nine years. A son, b, Jan. 22; d. Jan. 24, 1725. Danid, b, Feb. 26, 1726; d. Jan. 31, 1759. \Amos, b. Jan. 12, 1729 ; ra. EUzabeth Smith. Hqazibah, b. Aug. 22, 1730; d. April 11, 1777. Lydia, b. July 6, 1732 ; ra. Feb. 16, 1776, Sarauel Hastings. John, b. Sept. 13, 1734; d. Nov. 27, 1743. ]William, b. July 11, 1736 ; m. Jan, 9, 1766, Ruth Munroe. Abigail, b. Jan, 12, 1738 ; m, Dec. 4, 1760, Araos Marrett of Camb, •[Samuel, b. Jan. 12, 1741 ; in. Feb. 28, 1771, Rebecca Simonds. Betty, b. Oct. 24, 1742; ra. July 15, 1766, Uriah Cotting of Walt. Benjamin Tidd m. Jan. 6, 1774, Joahna Fitch, They were ad, to the ch. Oct. 13, 1776, and were dismissed to the ch. at New Brain tree, Oct. 24, 1790, to which place they had removed, and where land was left him by his father's Will. Several of his family had already located themselves in that town, where their descendants are at the present day. Benjamin Tidd remained in Lexington till after the close of the Revolutionary struggle, and like most of the citizens of the town, was enrolled in that patriotic band commanded by Par ker. He was on the Common on the 19th of April, and marched to Cambridge on the memorable 17th of June, 1776 ; and served at Dorchester the year following. He was one of the committee of correspondence in 1780. The three children mentioned below were baptized in Lex. They probably removed with their parents to New Braintree, where other children may have been added to the family. Benjamin, bap. Nov. 10, 1776. Lydia, bap. Sept. 16, 1781. 36 Sarah, bap. Sept. 20, 1778. John Tidd m. EUzabeth, dau. of Isaac and Elizabeth Eeed of Wo. She d. Sept. 18, 1799, and he ra. 1802, Susannah Tidd of Eindge, N. H. She d. Sept. 12,- 1824, aged 68. He d. March 29, 1812, aged 63. John and Elizabeth Tidd were ad. to the ch. May 29, 1791, when three of their children were baptized. John Tidd was a meraber of Capt. Parker's company, and was upon the Com mon at the opening scene of the American Eevolution. He was among the last to leave the ground, and was pursued by a British officer on horseback and struck down by a sword ; and while he was senseless upon the ground, the British robbed him of his arms, and left him for dead. \John, b. March 2, 1779 ; m. Esther Hayward of Acton. Joseph, b. May 9, 1783 ; d. Nov. 13, 1798. Jacob, b, March 14, 1786 ; settled In Boston as a merchant, and d. March 20, 1836, aged 60. He m. Martha F. Adaras. 244 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 16-26- 26-40 4244 46 16-30- 30-47 16-32- 32-48 49 23-37- 37-50 51 6263 37-52- Amos Tidd m. Elizabeth Smith, dau. of Hezekiah and EUzabeth (Wellington) Smith, who was b. July 9, 1728. They were m. 1750. Amos, bap. Dec. 1, 1761. Nathan, bap. Aug. 1, 1755. Danid, bap. Feb. 10, 1760. Thaddeus, bap. Oct. 30, 1768. 41 John, bap. July 15, 1763. 43 Oliver, bap. March 28, 1768. 45 Abijah, bap. Sept. 4, 1763. William Tidd m. Jan. 9, 1766, Euth Munroe, dau. of Eobert and Anna Munroe. They were ad. to the ch. Dec. 28, 1766. He was a lieutenant under Capt. Parker, In the company which dared to stand on their own parade ground in the face of ten times their number of British regulars, though commanded to throw down their arms and disperse. In affidavit taken in 1824, after describing the fire of the British on that morning, he says, "I then retreated up the north road, (Hancock street,) and was pursued by an officer on horseback (supposed to be Maj. Pitcairn) caUing out to me, ' Damn you, stop or you are a dead man.' I found I could not escape him, unless I left the road. I therefore sprang over a pair of bars, and made a stand, and discharged my gun at him ; upon which he irarae dlately returned to the main body, which shortly after took up their march for Concord." Lieul. Tidd was also one of a detachment of Parker's company which marched to Cambridge on the 17th of June, at the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, where they remained two days, when they were dismissed. But his public service was not confined to the military alone. He filled various civil offices in town, being an assessor In 1776, '79, '80, '91, and one of the selectmen at the time of the Eevolution, when great responsibility rested upon that board. He d. Oct. 26, 1826, aged 91. Euth, his wife, d. May 14, 1839, at the advanced age of 97, Ruth, bap. Jan. 11, 1767 ; m. Oct. 4, 1786, Nathan Chandler, She was an only child, and d. Sept. 15, 1846, aged 80. Samuel Tidd m. Feb. 28, 1771, Bebecca Simonds of Bedford. Like his brother William he took part in the events of the 19th of April and the 17th of June, 1775. They were ad. to the ch. Sept, 29, 1771, In 1805, they were dismissed to the ch. of Bedford, He afterwards returned to Lexington. He was one of the committee of safety and correspondence in 1781. Bdty, bap. Jan. 6, 1772 ; m. 1821, Noah Stearns. Rd>ecca, bap. Feb. 2, 1777. John Tidd m. Esther Hayward of Acton. They were ad. to the ch. May 6, 1810, when two of their children were baptized. He d. Jan. 9, 1842, and she d. AprU 24, 1852. Elizabeth, b. June 2, 1800 ; d. Aug. 26, 1801 . Elizabeth, b, Oct. 26, 1801 ; ra. George P. EUIot of LoweU, by whom she had three children. George Henry, one of them, was graduated at West Point, entered the service of the United States as a lieutenant. She d. Jan. 19, 1836. \Charles, b, Jan. 6, 1807. He has been twice married. Mary H., b. July 22, 1812; ra. Daniel T. Watson,' and moved to FrankUn, N. H. She d. Aug. 30, 1864, at MiUer's Farm, Penn. Charles Tidd m. June 7, 1830, Bebecca M. Nurse of Water- ford, Me. She d. Jan. 1847, and he ra. second, Jan, 6, 1848, ¦1 .^Z.j^x t i{>. sister, Abigail, • Sarah, ) May 29, 1709 ; ( 23 Francis, b. Sept. 5, 1696. 26 Mary, b, Sept. 4, 1700. ra. Oct. 22, 1722, David Cady. ra. May, 1730, Benj. Lovejoy. . Joseph Whitmore m. Feb. 13, 1699, Mary, dau. of Thoraas Kendall. May 9, 1703, he and his wife were ad. to the ch. in Lex., and on the 6th of June following, Joseph, probably their first child, was bap., being b. Feb. 17, 1700. _ As he was subsequently of "Wo. he may have resided there at this time. They were dismissed to the ch. in Wo. Feb. 20, 1704. Francis Whitmore. Though he was chosen hog-reeve in 1714, a significant intimation that he may have changed his situation in 264 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 6-13- 13-30 31 1- 2 1-2 456 life, we find no record of his marriage or of any chUdren, and hence infer that he was never married. He d. Dec. 20, 1758. Samuel Whitmore m. Jan. 7, 1720, Bethia Page. She was ad. to the ch. June 14, 1724. He was a tythingman in 1723, which shows that he was a man of sobriety of character. He d. Aug. 17, 1724, about three months after his father. Rebecca, bap. Jan. 15, 1721. Daniel, b, Feb. 21, 1725. He was a posthumous son. He m. 1746, Elizabeth Townsend, and lived In Boston, where, in 1748, they executed a deed of their land in Lex. to Jonathan Robinson. He probably left no sons, and possibly no Issue. By deaths and removals from town, the name of Whitmore has long since become extinct in Lex. In 1852, Charles 0, Whitmore, a wealthy merchant in Boston, purchased hira a summer residence In Lex., which he has fitted up in fine style, and rendered it one of the most spacious and attractive dwellings in the town. He is a direct descendant of the fifth generation from John, the second son of the original Francis Whitmore. Charles O. Whitmore, son of WiUiam D. and Rhoda (Wood ward) Whitmore, was b. Nov. 2, 1807, in Bath, Me. He m. Lovice Ayres. She d. Sept. 27, 1849, and he m. Oct. 30, 1851, Mary E, Blake, wid. of George Blake, Jr. of Boston. He had by his. first wife the foUowing children. Charles J,, b, AprU 27, 1834; m. June 8, 1868, Sarah Olcott Murdoch Blake, dau. of the above raentloned Geo. Blake, Jr. and has four children. ' * WilUam H, b. Sept. 6, 1836. To him the writer is indebted for information concerning this family. Martha H„ b, Sept. 6, 1838. Anna L„ b, Sept. 16, 1840 ; m, Nov, 7, 1867, Philip L, Van Rens selaer of New York. Charlotte R,, b, March 9, 1843, Creighton, b, Dec. 16, 1845 ; d. AprU 25, 1848, THE WHITNEY FAMILY, This name, like the preceding, appears early upon the Lex. records, but does not continue long, Eleazer Whitney was taxed at the Farms in 1693, '94, '95, and '96 ; and d, Feb, 1697, Isaiah Whitney and wife, Sarah, owned the covenant May 4 1696, when one of their children, probably their first, was bap He d, Jan, 7, 1712, ^' Mary, bap. May 4, l69p. 3 Isaiah, bap. July, 1700. Sarah, bap. April 22, 1703 ; ra. Aug. 2, 172Q, Andrew Parker EUjah, bap. April 3, 1707 ; ra. Dec, 8, 1736, Eebecca Winship" Abraham, bap. Feb, 19, 1710, 7 Jonas, bap, Nov. 25 1711 THE WHITTEMORE FAMILY. Thomas Whittemore came to Maiden at an early day, where he owned real estate, and had a family. He is supposed to be the an cestor of the Lex. Whittemores. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 265 1- 2346 67 Nathaniel Whittemore, a grandson of Thomas, and son of Nathaniel and Mary, was b. Sept, 26, 1670, He ra. Sarah French. He and his wife were ad. to the ch. in Lex. April 24, 1720. She d. Aug. 16, 1734, and he m. Abigail . He d. 1764. His Will. dated Feb. 22, 1752, and proved Jan. 6, 1755, mentions wife Abi gail, sons Nathaniel and Jacob, and sister Rebecca. He was an assessor In 1719, and constable 1720. He resided on the Concord road, near the Concord line, in the neighborhood of Thomas Nelson. He was an almanac maker, and published about 1707. He was a man of more than ordinary education for that day ; was often em ployed as a surveyor. He also sold drugs, and hence Is often de nominated Doctor, in the records. One number of his almanacs has its position in the scale of time thus fixed: " For the Year of Our Lord 1707, being third after leap year. Frora the Creation, 5666 ; from Noah's Flood, 4000; from the building of London, 2814; from the death of Alex, the Great, 2080 ; from the Discovery of America, 216 ; The reign of our Gracious Queen Anne the 6th." Another, of 1724, shows his loyalty, and the spirit of the tiraes, thus : " O Heaven, crown our Great and Gracious King with length of days and lasting peace. Beneath his feet let all his foes stoop down ; let him be a nursing father, while on earth he reigns ; and of God's church great care may he take, and Christ will him reward with lasting gain. God save the King." Thomas, b, Sept. 21, 1718. •[Jacob, b. March 3, 1722. Sarah, bap. April 4, 1724 ; d. Aug. 15, 1734. Abigail, b. Dec. 8, 1725. John, b. Aug. 27, 1727 ; d. the Jan. following. \Nathanid, b, June 26, 1729 ; ra. Jemima Dunton of Bedford. 3- 8 9 10 1-7- Jacob Whittemore m. Oct. 28, 1746, Esther Whittemore of Con. She d. 1763, and he m second, Dec. 6, 1764, Elizabeth Hoar of Con. She d. and he ra. third, Oct. 19, 1759, Deborah Flagg, He d. Jan. 21, 1780, His- WIU, proved June 16, 1780, raentlons dau. Esther Brown, Sarah Eeed, and wife Elizabeth. Jacob Whitteraore was ad. to the ch. In Lex. March 21, '1754, being disraissed from the ch. in Concord, Esther, b, Oct, 24, 1748 ; ra. June 12, 1769, Benj. Brown of Tem pleton. 'Jonathan, b,- Aug. 22, 1750, Sarah, b, Nov, 1, 1751; m, AprU 23, 1770, Moses Eeed of Wo. He had two other children by his first wife, who d, in early infancy. Nathaniel Whittemore m. Nov, 1, 1762, Jemiraa Dunton of Bed, There is some difficulty in fixing the residence and raarriage of Nathaniel Whittemore, The Bedford record, in giving the mar riage as above, speaks of him as " of Lexington," The Lexington ch, records have the following, under date of June 6, 1756 : " Bap tized, Abigail Whittemore of Nathaniel, the father having owned the covenant at Lincoln," He also had Jemima, bap, at Line, Aug. 7, 1763. Ward, in his History of Shrewsbury, gives the following : " Nathaniel 'Whittemore, (supposed originally from Weston or vicin ity,) Ang. 17, 1763, m, Sarah, dau, of Luke Eice. He was then called of Shrewsbury, Chil. Sarah, b, July 18, 1754 ; Nathaniel, b. March 9, 1766 ; Lydia, b. Feb, 16, 1768 ; Paul, b. May 24, 1760 ; Eber, b. April 24, 17,62. Nathaniel Whittemore d. in 1765, and his 266 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 46 wid. ra. March 31, 1774, George Harrington of Brookfield." There was a Nathaniel Whitteraore and his wife, Mary, in Charlestown, in 1670, who had a son, Nathaniel, b. Sept. 26, 1670 ; these probably were the parents of the Nathaniel who settled in Lexington. There were other Whittemores In Lexington, from time to time, but we can give no connected view of thera. Pelatiah Whittemore, ad. to the ch, April 14, 1728. Nathan Whittemore, bap. Feb. 7, 1760, Deboi-ah Whittemore, ad. to the ch. April 21, 1761, Sarah Whittemore, of Deborah, bap. Nov, 3, 1751. Submit Whittemore, ad, to the ch, Jan. 18, 1756 ; m. March 23, 1762, Jonas Mason. Jonas Whitney, of Narragansett No. 2 (now Westminster), and Sarah Whittemore of Lexington were united In marriage, Sept. 27, 1767. Joel Whittemore was taxed in Lex, from 1760 to 1762 inclusive. , He may have gone to Shrewsbury, and m. April 28, 1761, Eezlnah Band. The name of Whittemore, should never be confounded with Whit more, as the famUies are believed to be distinct. THE WILLIAMS FAMILY. Bev. Avery Williams, formerly a clergyman In Lex., was b. Jan. 9, 1782, In Guildford, Vt. His father, Eev. Henry WiUiams. being then pastor of the church at that place, but afterwards remov ing to Leverett, Mass., Avery's childhood and youth were passed there. He grad. Dartmouth C. 1804,. studied Theology at Prince ton, N. J. He m. Feb. 25, 1807, Clarissa Grennell of Greenfield, and was settled In Lex. Dec. 30, 1807. He left Lex. in 1816, In consequence of ill health, and went South In hopes of relief; but disease had so far impaired his constitution, that his journey was un availing. He d. at "Spartansburg, S. C, Feb, 4, 1816, His widow was living in Greenfield a few years since. He published a Century Sermon on the anniversary of the incorporation of the town of Lex ington, which shows him a raan of good talents, careful research, and faithful as a historian, Clarissa G., b. April 14, 1810. Lydia Maria, b. April 1, 1812 ; died in childhood. Mary D., b, Feb. 11, 1814; resides at Greenfield. Avery, b, Feb. 14, 1816 ; ra. EUza Squire of Lanesboro'. He studied medicine and was residing, when last heard from, at Buffalo, N. Y. THE WILSON FAMILY. James Wilson was in Camb. Farms, 1693, when he was taxed for the purchase of the ministerial land. He was assessor in 1703, and constable In 1713. He m. Deborah . They were ad. to the ch. Feb. 6, 1699. They buried a child in 1696, and two in 1703. There was also a John Wilson taxed in 1696, but this is the only record we find of him. The Wilsons probably left town early, as no one of the name appears on the earliest town tax bills extant, viz., , 1729 and 1735. James Wilson, from Lexington, settled in Leices ter, 1721. This was probably the family. 1- 2 34 68 10 12 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 267 James, bap. Aug. 1699 ; probably settled in Bed. and d. 1763. Deborah, bap. Aug. 1699 ; d. Dec. 14, 1703. Abigail, bap. Aug. 1699, 5 Ebenezer, bap. Oct. 8, 1699. John, bap. Sept. 17, 1704. 7 William, bap. May 27, 1706. Margaret, bap. Nov. 24, 1706. 9 Hannah, bap. July 20, 1708. Thomm, bap. May 14, 1710. 11 Phebe, bap. May 29, 1713. Jonathan, bap. Oct. 31, 1714. The name appears several times in connection with the history of Lexington, but it is uncertain whether they were related to this family. Hezekiah Dunkley ra. Damaris WUson, Oct. 17, 1734. Sergeant Robert Wilson, Robert Wilson, Jr., and Barnabas Wilson were in the French War frora Lex. In 1766, and Robert also in 1758. James Wilson was In the Continental army from Lex. In the Revo lution. THE WINSHIP FAMILY. The Winships were among the first settlers in Lexington, and were for a long period among the most numerous and respectable families. They were the descendants of Edward Winship of Cambridge. He was raade freeman in 1635, was a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Co., 1638, was selectman of Cambridge eleven years, between 1637 and 1684. He was representative in 1663, '64, '81 and '86. He also held a commission in the militia, and was dignified with the title of Lieu tenant Winship. He was also an active and honored member of the church. He was twice married. His first wife was Jane, who d. between 1648 and 1651; his second wife was Elizabeth. ' He d. Dec. 2, 1688, in the 76th year of his age, and his widow, Elizabeth, d. Sept. 19, 1690, in her 58th year. It is beUeved that all the Win ships In the vicinity descended from Lieutenant Edward. His WUl was dated 1685, and as it casts considerable light upon this family, I will cite the portions which relate to the Lexington branches. 1. " I give to my son Ephraim, the lot of land whereon his house stand-eth, both all the meadow and upland he hath now in his possession." 2, " I give to my son Edward, all my land that lleth on the east side of the brook, whereon a sawmill standeth, except that which I bought of Edward Methelsdn, and twelve acres in my own Great Meadow," 3. "I give to my son Samuel, one hundred acres of land or thereabouts, some of it measured by David Fiske, about eighty acres upon the west side of Concord way, next to his brother Ephraim's line, and another tract of land on the east side of Concord way," 4. He gave land on Alewife brook to Joseph, another son ; and mentions Mary, Elizabdh and Abigail, his daughters. His widow's WiU, dated 1689, mentions dau. Elizabeth, Abigail, Margery and Mehitabel, Lieutenant Winship was a large landholder, not only in Old Cam bridge, but at the Farms, where he had land assigned him as early as 1642, He owned, as will be seen by his Will, a large tract of land within the present limits of Lexington, extending from LoweU street across the brook to the hill west of Main street, upon the present line of ArUngton, including the mill site. Mount Ephraim, and a portion of the Great Meadow, Living as his descendants did, upon the borders of Lexington and Cambridge, their association was 268 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 236 6 78 9 101112 13 14 1-5- 1-6- 1-9- partly with one town, and partly with the other; and hence the record of the family Is sometimes in one town, and sometimes in the other, which makes it very difficult to trace the famUies. Mary, b. June 8, 1638 ; d. young. Sarah, b. 1639. 4 Mary, b. Aug. 6, 1641. •[Ephraim, b, July 9, 1643 ; d. Oct. 19, 1696. •[Joanna, b. Aug. 1, 1645 ; d. Nov. 19, 1707. Edward, b, June 18, 1648 ; d. same day. Elizabdh, b, April 15, 1652. \Edward, b. March 3, 1654. Abigail, b, Feb. 13, 1666 ; m. WilUam Russell, May 8, 1683. \Samuel, b. Oct. 24, 1668 ; ra. April 12, 1687, Mary Powers. \Joseph, b, June 21, 1661 ; m. Sarah Harrington. Margery, b. Dec. 10, 1664 ; m. May 12, 1687, John Dixon. Mehitabel, b, Nov. 19, 166?. Ephraim Winship ra. April 7, 1670, Hannah Rogers, who d. Dec. 20, 1674. He m. second, Dec. 19, 1676, Elizabeth KendaU of Woburn. He resided on the place described in his father's Will, in the extreme easterly part of the town. He must have come to the place early. He was a subscriber for the meeting house In 1692, and on the organization of the parish in 1693, he was one of the assessors. He was also a member of the committee chosen to treat with the town of Cambridge in relation to the purchase of land for the ministry, and an assessor, 1694. He d. at Lexington, Oct. 19, 1696. His widow removed her relation to the ch. in Lex. frora that of Woburn, immediately after the death of her husband. He had the honor of giving his name to a swell of land near his residence, which IS to this day known as " Mount Ephraim." He probably had no children. _ In the settlement of his estate, mention is made of Sarah Reed, their adopted dau. His widow, Elizabeth, administered upon the estate. She subsequently ra. Joseph Pierce of Watertown. Joanna Winship d. unm. Nov. 19, 1707, aged 62. She was famous In her day as a school teacher ; and as our ancestors knew how_ to appreciate the character of a good school ma'am, they, under the influence of the muses, inscribed upon her monumental stone, this plaintive strain — this melting elegy : " This good school Dame No longer school must keep, "Which gives us cause For children's sake, to weep," Edward Winship m. May 14, 1683, Rebecca Barshara, who d Aug. 1717, aged 61. He d. in Camb. June 10, 1718, aged 64 He was selectman of Camb, 1691, '93, '96 and 1701. Though he owned land in Cambridge Farms, he resided on the Cambridge side of the line. He d. testate; and by his Will, proved 1718, and by an instrument signed by his heirs, it appears that he had seven children living at the time of his death. He gave to his oldest son Edward, "the house he dweUeth in, and fifty acres of land adjoining, bounded as follows: beginning near the town road leading from old Mr Munroe's, towards Menotomy," &c. (This is the present Lowell street.) He gave to his son Ephraim, " all that parcel of land whereon he dwells, and the interest I have in the house he now dwells in, which was formerly ray brother Ephraim's, lying on the southwest side of the county road." Both of these bequests were of land Ijring in Lexington, and they show that his sons Edward and Ephraim were then Uving In Lexington. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 269 9-15 16 1718 19 2021 1-11- 11-22 23 \Edward, b, Jan. 9, 1684 ; m. Sarah Manning. Elizabdh, b, June 1, 1686 ; m. April 3, 1706, Walter Eussell. \Ephraim, b, Feb. 4, 1688 ; m. June 17, 1708, Hannah Cutler. {Nathaniel, b, Feb. 16, 1689 ; m. Feb. 11, 1713, Eebecca Pierce of Woburn. WUliam, b. 1-12- 12-26 2627 9-16- 16-28 293031 323334 9-17- 17-35 36373839 40 41 \John, b. Jason, b. 1699. - ; m. Oct. 2, 1718, EUzabeth Wyeth. Samuel Winship m. April 12, 1687, Mary Powers of Medford. He resided In the precinct, and was a subscriber for the meeting house in 1692, and for the -purchase of the Common in 1711, and his name Is upon the tax bills frora the first. He was selectmanjin 1728, '29, '30, '32 and '33. He d. June 18, 1696. \Samuel,b, Jan. 8, 1688; ra. June 10, 1712, Jane Fessenden. Mary, b. Dec. 12, 1689. 24 Elizabdh, b, Dec. 26, 1691. 9-18- 18-42 44 Joseph Winship ra. Nov. 24, 1687, Sarah Harrington of Water- town. She d. Nov, 28, 1710. They resided in West Cambridge, where he d. Sept. 18, 1725. They had the following and probably other children. Joanna, b. Jan. 14, 1689; d. Dec. 17, 1716. Joseph, b, Feb. 28, 1701 ; m. about 1722, Anne Margaret, b, Aug. 8, 1703. Edward Winship ra. about 1705, Sarah Manning, .He was a tythingman In Lexington, 1714; fence viewer, 1716; constable, 1717. He o, c, in Lex. Sept. 1, 1706. He d. May 15, 1763, aged 88 years, •[Edward, b, Aug. 25, 1706, Rebecca, b. Aug. 22, 1709 ; ra. June 16, 1728, John Manning, Sarah, b. June 28, 1712. Jonathan, b. May 28, 1713 ; d. young. Mary, b. June 25, 1716. •[Jonathan, b. May ^8, 1719 ; m. Elizabeth Cutler, \Isaac, b, June 8, 1724, Ephraim Winship m. June 17, 1708, Hannah Cutler. He was a subscriber for the purchase of the Common in 1711. In 1717, he was chosen surveyor of highways, tythingman In 1721, constable, 1728. Not Ephraim alone was employed by the town, but his wife, by vote of the inhabitants, was employed to keep a school in her part of the town. He and his wife were ad. to the ch.^ct. 12, 1718. She d. AprU 9, 1764, aged 77. He d. July 16, 1757, aged 70, \Ephraim, b. May 23, 1709 ; m. Aug. 28, 1735, Mehitabel Cutler, •[Richard, b. July 25, 1711. Daniel, b. Ang. 27, 1713 ; d. Dec. 8, same year. Joshua, b, Feb. 17, 1715 ; was in the West India service, 1740. Hannah, b. Aug. 18, 1718. Moses, b. Sept. 18, 1720 ; ra. Lucy Hastings of Waltham, 1746. Bdhiah, b. Feb. 11, 1724; d. March 19, 1740. Nathaniel Winship, m. Feb. 11, 1713, Eebecca Pierce of Wo. Elizabdh, b, Oct. 13, 1714, 43 Nathaniel, b, Dec. 27, 1716, Rebecca, b, Dec, 7, 1717 ; ra, Dec, 8, 1736, Elijah Whitney. 92 270 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, 46 46 9-20- 20-47 4860516263646656 11-22- 22-67 6859 16-28- 28-60 616263 6465 66 67 16-33- 33-69 7072 747677 16-34- 34-78 7980 81 Martha, b, June 21, 1720; d. July 8, 1746, unm. Abigail, b, March 25, 1722 ; d. July same year. John Winship ra. Oct. 2, 1718, EUzabeth Wyeth. He probably m. as a second wife, about 1730, Bethiah '¦ , He d, July 18, 1747, Josiah, b, Oct. 1, 1719 ; d. young. Elizabdh, b. March 24, 1721, 49 Ruth, b. June 14, 1726, John, b, Nov. 8, 1728. Thaddeus, b. March 8, 1731 ; d. June 3, 1747. James, b, Sept. 27, 1733; m. April 15, 1762, Lydia Phillips of West Cambridge. Ebenezer, b, Sept. 30, 1736 ; ra. Aug. 19, 1756, Elizabeth Eaymond, Bdhiah, b, March 19, 1739 ; d. March 18, 1740, Josiah, b. July 18, 1741, Eliot, b. 1743; m. June 16, 1768, Edward Crafts of Boston, Samuel Winship ra. June 10, 1711, Jane Fessenden, dau. of Nicholas and Margaret Fessenden. He was High Sheriff of Middle sex CO. He o. c. Sept. 21, 1712, when his first child was bap. His wife d, Jan. 12, 1771 ; he d. Feb. 13, 1776, aged 88. '[Samuel, b. Sept. 26, 1712; m. May 22, 1735, Hannah Loring, Martha, b. Dec. 27, 1714; m. WiUiam Bowers of Billerica. Margard, b. Dec. 25, 1718 ; d. May 25, 1791, unm. Edward Winship ra. Esther . She d, Oct, 10, 1785 ; he d, Dec. 7, 1773, aged 69, \Thomas, b, Oct. 25, 1729 ; m. May 28, 1765, Sarah Harrington, Benjamin, b. April 12, 1731, •[Edward, b. Jan. 18, 1733 ; ra. Feb. 9, 1757, Hepzibah Laughton, {joel, b, Nov. 13, 1734; m. Elizabeth Grant of Sudbury, Amos, b. Dec. 12, 1736 ; d. May 9, 1740. Mary, bap. 1738. Esther, b, Jan. 21, 1739 ; d. AprU 28, 1789, unm. Evebell, b, Feb. 2, 1743, 68 Joshua, b, Jan. 27, 1748. Jonathan Winship ra. Dec. 3, 1741, Isabel Cutler of Camb. She d. and he ra. about 1746, Elizabeth , He was ad, to the ch, by a letter frora the ch. in Camb. May 21, 1754. She was ad. June 18, 1758. Jonathan, b. Jan. 18, 1747 ; disnussed, 1772, to the ch. in Mason, N. H. Joshua, b, June 27, 1748. 71 Amos, b. Dec, 19, 1750, Hepzibah, b. Feb. 16, 1753, 73 Mary, b, Feb. 18, 1755. Elizabdh, b. May 23, 1757. 75 Lucy, b. Feb, 9, 1760, Nathaniel, b. June 23, 1762. Edmund, b. Oct. 2, 1765 ; m. Nov. 22, 1789, Lucy Learned. Isaac Winship m. Hannah . He was in the French and In dian war, in 1755. He d. April 8, 1783, and his son, Isaac, adminis tered upon his estate, Hannah, b, Dec. 26, 1746 ; d. July 23, 1749. \Isaac, b. April 7, 1749 ; ra. Sarah Fessenden. Hannah, b. May 4, 1752 ; d. young. Sarah, b. May 12, 1754. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 271 82 8384 8687 88 9092 17-35- Phebe, b. July 23, 1766 ; ra. May 11, 1779, Ebenezer Hadley, Hannah, b. April 26, 1767 ; m. May, 1779, Jonathan Marble, Eunice, b, Feb. 28, 1758. 85 Grace, b. May 17, 1759, Rebecca, b. May 20, 1760. Richard, b, Nov, 30, 1762 ; he was a soldier In the Revolution, Martha, b, Feb. 12, 1764. 89 Prudence, b. May 2, 1765. Benjamin, bap. Oct. 12, 1766, 91 Nehemiah, b, April 4, 1767. Lydia, b. AprU 3, 1769. Ephr.«m Winship m. Aug. 28, 1735, Mehitabel Cutler. He moved to New Marblehead, now the town of Windham, Me., about 1740. This place suffered severely from the Indians, from 1747 to 1763. On the 14th of May, 1756, Ephraim Winship and Ezra Brown, both of Windham, left the fort (for safety required them to live in garrisons) for the purpose of laboring upon Brown's lot, about a mile distant. Knowing that the Indians were lurking about In the region, they took the precaution to engage a guard of four men and four lads. In passing through a thick wood, when Win ship and Brown were about fifty rods In advance of the guard, they were fired upon by fifteen or twenty Indians, who lay in ambush. Brown fell dead upon the spot. Winship received two balls, one in the eye, and another In the arm, and fell to the ground, — where both were scalped by the Indians. A portion of the guard fled to the fort to give the alarm, while the remainder, and among them Gershom Winship, the oldest son of Ephraim, who was born before the family left Lexington, and then about twenty years of age, boldly rushed upon the savages, who were more than three times their number, and finally put them to flight. The Indians were led by Poland, their chief. Wheii the guard approached, the Indians concealed themselves behind the trees, that they might be secure from the shots of their pursuers, and that they might step from their hiding places and fire upon the citizens, before they were aware of their presence. Poland was the first to break the sUence ; he stepped from behind the tree, discharged his musket, and immediately concealed himself again to reload. In his eagerness to reload his piece, that he might have another shot, his body became partially exposed, and he re ceived a fatal shot from one of their pursuers. The Indians gathered around their fallen chief, and gave one of their Infernal yells, which was answered by a volley from the little Spartan band, which killed or mortally wounded two more of their number. The Indians imme diately fled, carrying off their dead and wounded. At the time Winship received these wounds, he was a widower, his wife, Mehitabel, having died, leaving six children. Winship recovered from his wounds, though the Indians had taken two scalps from his head, and given him a blow with a hatchet, leaving him for dead. They took the two scalps in consequence of his having, as Is sometimes the case, two crowns upon his head. In taking the scalps, they left a narrow stiip of skin from his forehead directly over the top of his head. This ever afterwards gave him a very singular appear ance. After this misfortune he m. a secpnd wife, by whom he had five more children. He d. at Windham', Jtine 4, 1766, aged 55. These facts were obtained frora the Centennial Address of T. L, Smith, Esq. delivered at Windham, July 4, 1839, which contains much val uable information. Two children of Ephraim Winship were b. before he left Lex,, viz., Gershom, b. May 10, 1736, and Mehitabel, b, July 28, 1738. , 17-36- RiCHARD Winship ra. Prudence Estabrook, dau. of John and Prudence (Harrington) Estabrook, b. March 28, 1724. His WUl, 272 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 36- 9394 9596 97 9899 101 22-57- 67-103 104106106107108109110 111112113 28-60- 60-114 116117 118 119 120121 28-62- 62-122 124 126 28-63- dated Nov. 28, 17C8, and proved Jan. 7, 1769, mentions eight chU dren then living, viz., Abigail, Ephraim, Hannah, Grace, Eebecca, Eichard, Prudence, and Nehemiah. He d. Dec. 13, 1768, aged 58 ; she d. 1776, and Nehemiah Estabrook administered upon her estate. He was constable in 1750, and tythingman in 1758. Prudence, b. March 12, 1749 ; d. Oct. 2, 1751. AbigaU, b. Jan. 2, 1751. Ephraim, b, June 25, 1753 ; m. April 8, 1777, Susanna Marion. Prudence, b, July 16, 1756 ; d. young. Hannah, b. April 25, 1767. Grace, b. May 17, 1769 ; probably m. Simon Childs of Cambridge. Bebecca, b. May 20, 1760. 100 Richard, b. Nov. 80, 1762. Prudence, b. May 2, 1765. 102 Nehemiah, b, AprU 23, 1767. Samuel Winship m. May 22, 1735, Hannah Loring, dau. of Jo seph and Lydia (Fiske) Loring. She d. Julv 27, 1747, and he m. May 6, 1748, Abigail Crosby of Billerica. He d. Feb. 16, 1780, aged 68. Hannah, b. AprU 26, 1736 ; m. March 20, 1760, Eichard Francis of Medford. Lydia, b, Feb. 14, 1738; d. May, 1754. Elizabeth, b. May 23, 1740. Martha, b. May 12, 1742 ; d. Jan. 8, 1746. Samuel, b. AprU 17, 174-1; ra. July 4, 1771, Rebecca Johnson of Lynn. Loring, b. Dec. 10, 1746 ; d. May 11, 1754. \Simon, b, Nov. 2, 1749 ; ra. May 21, 1776, Joanna Abbott of BIL John, b. June 16, 1752 ; d. AprU 7, 1754. \John, b. May 12, 1754; ra. Deliverance . {Stephen, b. Feb. 23, 1756 ; ra. Feb. 6, 1787, Edith Merriara. Abigail, b. May 18, 1769. Thomas Winship ra. May 28, 1766, Sarah Harrington, dan. of Henry and Sarah Harrington. He probably had one child before Henry, mentioned below. He d. Aug. 4, 1796. He was one of the brave band who rallied under Capt. Parker, April 19, 1776. He was selectman, 1779 and '81 ; assessor six years. Henry, bap. Nov. 11, 1759. 116 Isabel, b, March 29, 1762. Anna, b. April 18, 1764. ^Thomas, b. April 12, 1766 ; m. April 11, 1793, Anna Harrington. ilfoses, b. June 20, 1768. '[Jonathan, b. Sept. 14, 1770 ; m. first, Martha , and second, Elizabeth Coggen. Joel, b. AprU 18, 1773; ra. Nov. 14, 1792, Phebe HiU of Carab, Eunice, b. ; ra. Nov. 2, 1800, Jonas Locke. EnwARt) Winship ra. Feb. 9, 1767, Hepzibah Laughton, dau. of Dea. John and Sarah Laughton. Amos, b. Feb. 6, 17581 John, b, Feb. 16, 1762. Oliver, b. May 8, 1767. 123 Esther, b. March 4, 1760. 126 Edward, b. Oct. 16, 1764. Joel Winship m. Jan. 15, 1755, Elizabeth Grant of Sud, They moved to Royalston. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 273 127 128129 84-79- 79-130 131132133 134135136 67-109- Elizabdh, b, March 14, 1755 ; ra, Fiske ; went to Barre, Dorcas, b, June 24, 1768 ; d. 1807, unm. Jod, b. May 1, 1761 ; went to Queensburg, N. Y. Isaac Winship ra. March 4, 1773, Sarah Fessenden. He was m. as of Medford, where he resided at the time. When he returned to Lex. does not appear ; but as he was taxed in 1785, it is probable that he returned soon after the death of his father, which occurred in 1783, and his son, Isaac, administered upon the estate. He d. Nov. 29, 1834, aged 85 ; she d. Feb. 12, 1834, aged 80. He was an assessor from 1793 to 1814, inclusive. We can find no record of his faraily, and have to depend upon the imperfect recollection of one of his descendants. 109-137 138 57-111- 111-139 141143146 57-112- 112-146 147148 149 150 151152163154155 Isaac, b, Jonas, b, Sarah, b, — Thaddeus, b, no record, Hannah, b, - Lydia, b. ¦ ; moved to Portland, - ; lived in Portland, was twice married, - ; ra, John Frost. ; m. Mary Walker. He had a family, but left - ; ra. Leonard Johnson. ra. John Frost. \Oliver, b, Nov. 12, 1794; has been twice married. Simon Winship ra. May 21, 1776, Joanna Abbott of Billerica. They o. c. July 20, 1777, when their first child, Joanna, was bap tized. He d. Jan. 4, 1813, and Elias Maynard of Boston was ap pointed guardian of his widow, as a non compos. She d. Feb. 2, 1826. He was in service in the Jersies, in 1776, and sergeant In 1777. Joanna, b. May 4, 1777. Oliver Abbott, b, March 6, 1779 ; d. Oct. 11, 1792. John Winship ra. Deliverance . He d. in West Camb, April, 1825, and his widow administered upon his estate. He was a soldier in Capt. Parker's co. 1775, also served In the first campaign of eight months and twelve months. New York. John, b. Dec. 28, 1779. Charles, b. June 30, 1784, Polly, b, AprU 26, 1788, Magus, b. Aug. 4, 1793, 140 Stephen, b, July 15, 1782. 142 SaUy, b. July 23, 1786. 144 Henry, b, June -28, 1790. Stephen Winship m. Feb. 5, 1787, Edith Merriara, dau. of Ben jamin and Ginger (Porter) Merriam, b. Aug. 20, 1763. He d. Nov. 16, 1839, aged 84; she d, Feb, 20, 1839, aged 73, Stqjhen, b. Sept. 26, 1787 ; d. April 18, 1788, Edith, b. Jan, 16, 1789; ra. Sept. 2, 1806, Isaac Adams of Boston. Cynthia, b. May 10, 1791 ; lives in Camb. Stephen, b. AprU 16, 1793 ; d. Aug. 27, 1864, aged 71. Sophia, b, March 3, 1796 ; lives at Cambridgeport. Philenia, b, AprU 30, 1798 ; d. Jan. ,16, 1819, unm. Lavinia, b, Feb. 22, 1800; m. March 26, 1822, P. R. L. Stone. Maria Antondte, b, March 8, 1802 ; ra. March 8, 1837, BUlings Smith. Archibald, b, Aug. 6, 1804. Tryphena Merriam, b. March 16, 1808 ; ra. March 3, 1835, Augus tus "Wellington, and d. Dec. 26, 1841, aged 34. 274 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 60-117- 117-166 157 60-119- 119-168 169 160 161162163 164 165 79-136- 136-166 167 168169 170 1- 2 2- 3 Thomas Winship ra. AprU 11, 1793, Anna Harrington. They were ad. to the ch. April, 1796. He d. March 2, 1830, aged 64 ; she d. July 15, 1821, aged 55. Lucebia, b. May 2, 1794; ra. Lot Reed. Emily, bap. Jan. 29, 1797 ; ra. Otis Reed of Bedford. Jonathan Winship m. Martha . She d. Jan. 10, 1799, and he ra. May 12, 1800, Elizabeth Coggen of Natick. She d. June 13, 1823, aged 49 ; he d. July 22, 1826. Esther, b. May 21, 1796 ; d. Aug. 15, 1810. Moses, b. Sept. 20, 1798 ; d. Feb. 4, 1799. Eliza, b, Feb. 3, 1801 ; d. Feb. 18, 1801. S;S^-May3,1803;|,_j,„^_6^1807_ ' Thomas Jefferson, b. May 6, 1805 ; d. Jan. 18, 1827. Anna, b. March 10, 1807. Henry Coggen, b, Sept. 6, 1810. Oliver Winship m, Sept. 10, 1820, Anna Fiske. She d. 15, 1851, and he ra. March 25, 1853, Araanda F. Chamberlain, Oct, Isaac A., b, July 4, 1822 ; ra. In Cal. Elizabeth Brooks. Oliver M.,b, March 6, 1823. MaryE., b. March 13, 1825; ra. Dec. 31, 1846, WilUam Daley of Cambridge. Charles F., b. July 16, 1828; ra. Mary Holbrook, They have one child, Eddy Bigelow. Sarah, b. July 16, 1828, twin; m. Oct, 1866, George Hager; r. in California.The records of many of the Winship families are so imperfect, that It Is impossible to trace their genealogy. Some families have neg lected their record altogether, and hence It is impossible to bring them down to the present day. THE WINTER FAMILY, John Winter was a proprietor of Wat. in 1636, and d. In that place, 1662. His Will, dated March 4, 1661, and proved June, 1662, mentions sons Richard and Thomas, late of London, dau, Alice Lockman of London, and son John of Wat., to whora he gave his landed property. He probably came from Carab, to Lex, He had land assigned between the eight ralle line and Concord, in 1683, John Winter lived at Camb, Farms, where he d. Jan. 18, 16;90. His Will, dated Dec. 12, 1689, makes no mention of his wife, who probably d. before him, but speaks of sons John, Thomas, and Samuel, and dau. Sarah, Hannah, and Mary. Joseph, b. ; d. at Camb. Farms, Dec. 10, 1690, being the first death mentioned In the Lex. records. \John, b, ; owned the covenant at Wat. June 22, 1690. Thomas, b, . 6 Samuel, b. : — . Sarah, b, ; d. Jan. 19, 1690, one day after her father. Hannah, b, — Mary, b, m. Nov. 17, 1681, John Harrington. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 275 2-4- JoHN Winter m. Abigail -. He was a subscriber for the erection of a raeeting house in Lex. 1692, following the example of his father, who had subscribed for the same object before his death. She was ad. to the ch. April 9, 1699. They had Joseph, bap. April 2, 1699 ; Benjamin, bap. Oct. 8, 1699 ; Buth, bap. Sept. 22, 1702 ; Lydia, bap. Aug. 16, 1703 ; James, bap. Sept. 30, 1705 ; Isaac, bap. Nov. 3, I7O6 ; Elizabdh, bap. Jan. 20, 1708. As the tax bills of 1729 and 1736 do not contain the name of Win ter, and as no place was assigned when the meeting house was seated, in 1731, we infer that they had all left town before that period. WRIGHT.— Elisha Wright came to Lex. about 1855. He was b. in Washington, N. H., 1811, and ra. Dec. 1836, Harriet Farmer, b. Feb. 22, 1814. He was son of Nathan, b. Feb. 1786, who was son of Jacob, b. Dec. 1758, who served in the Revolution, and m. Patty Reed. Jacob was son Jacob, of whose birth we have no record, but whose death occurred In 1763. Elisha, by his wife Harriet, has five children, three sons, all of whom were in the U. S. service in the late Rebellion, and two daughters, as follows : Walter R., b, Aug. 22. 1838 : m. Nov. 1860, Lydia Kenniston, and has Minnie, b. Feb. 8, 1862, and Charles C. He served nine mouths in the army. In North Carolina. Willis L,, b, Sept. 14, 1841 ; he was nine months in the service. George W., b. June 30, 1843. Like his two brothers, he was one of the nine months' men who served in North Carolina to put down the rebellion. Hattie A,, b. June 9, 1850. Emma E, H., b, Oct. 22, 1862. The first three children were b. In Washington, N. H., the last two In Camb. Mass. There is another Wright family In town, which originated in Ashby, having no connection with the family above. Abel Wright of Ashby, ra. first, Hayward of Acton. She d. and he m. second, Eice of Ashburnham. He had a family of nineteen children. Isaac, their first child, b. Feb. 12, 1799, ra. Ar- villa Kendall, dau. of Oliver Kendall of Ashby; They had nine chUdren. He d. May 25, 1864. Luke W. Wright, son of Isaac, b. Sept. 27, 1821 ; m. April 7, 1846, AbigaU Estabrbok, dau. of Attai and Polly (Pierce) Esta brook of Lex. b. Dec. 16 , 1819. He came to Lex. 1843. They have had the following children. Sarah Arvilla, b. Oct. 5, 1848 ; Abbie EUzabeth, b. Dec. 11, 1849 ; Arthur E„ b. Sept, 29, 1854, d, Jan. 22, 1859 ; Alice Arthurdta, b, Jan. 29, 1861. THE WYMAN FAMILY. The name of Wyman is of German origin, and was at first spelt Weyman. Two individuals, who were the progenitors of most of the Wymans, appear on the Charlestown records as signers of "town orders," Dec. 18, 1640. This was coeval with the settlement of Woburn. We find John and Francis Wyraan in Woburn irarae dlately after. They were Tanners ; and thus was laid early the foundation of the shoe and leather business, for which Woburn has always been more or less distinguished. John m, in Wo. 1644, Sarah Nutt, 276 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 2 34 5 6 78 9 10 111213 1-11- 11-14 151617 11-15- 16-18- 18-19 20212223242526 27 28 18-20- 20-29 Francis Wyman, from whom our Lex. Wymans descended, m. Jan. 30, 1646, Judith Pierce of Wo. She dying, he ra. second, Oct. 2, 1650, Abigail Reed. Judith, b. Sept. 29, 1652 ; d. Dec. 22, 1662. Francis, b. about 1664 ; d. unm. Aug. 26, 1676. William, b, about 1656 ; ra. Prudence Putnam, and d. 1706. AbigaU, b, about 1658 ; m. Stephen Richardson. Timothy, b. Sept. 15, 1661; m. Hannah . Joseph, b, Nov, 9, 1663; d, July 24, 1714, unra, Nathanid, b. Nov, 25, 1665; m'. Mary Winn, and d. 1691, Samuel, b. Nov. 29, 1667 ; m. 1692, Rebecca Johnson. Thomas, b, April 1, 1671 ; m. May 6, 1696, Mary Richardson. •[Benjamin, b. Aug. 25, 1674 ; m. Elizabeth Hancock of Cambridge, Stephen, b. June 2, 1676 ; d. Aug. 19, 1676. Judith, b. Jan. 16, 1679 ; m. Nathaniel Bacon, Benjamin Wyman m. Jan. 20, 1702, Elizabeth Hancock of Camb. He d. Dec, 19, 1735, and she m. Aug. 22, 1739, Jonathan Brown of Bed. and d. 1749. Though Benjamin Wyman may not have resided long in Lex., he and his wife o. c. In the place, June 24, 1705, when Elizabeth, their first child, was bap. Mrs. W^yraan was probably sister to Eev. Mr. Hancock; which would account for their attending ch, in Lex., though their residence might have been out of town, Elizabdh, b. May 1, 1705 ; m. June 11, 1724, Jacob Elchardson. \Benjamin, b. Nov. 13, or Dec. 17, 1706. Lucy, b. April 17, 1708 ; ra. Nathaniel Davenport. Zedekiah, bap. Oct. 30, 1709. Benjamin Wyman m. Esther, dau. of Jacob Eichardson of Wo. He was dignified by the title of captain. He resided in Wo. where he had a family, among whom was James, the immediate ancestor of the Lexington branch of the Wyman family. James Wyman b. June 29, 1741 ; m. Jan. 14, 1766, Anna Porter. He came from Wo. to Lex. in 1763, and so was ra. as of Lex. She d. and he m. second, Lydia Simonds. He d. Nov. 13, 1822. Anna, b. March 8, 1768 ; m. Nov. 19, 1795, Sweethen Reed. \James, b. Sept. 26, 1769. William, b, Dec. 11, 1771 ; moved to Westminster, Vt. Beryamin, b. March 20, 1774; ra. Lucy Gardner, and d. 1849. No issue. Phebe, b, Feb. 9, 1776 ; d. AprU 8, 1805. Sally, b. Oct. 18, 1778 ; d. AprU 7, 1782. Lydia, b. Feb. 9, 1781 ; d. unra. Dec. 1, 1861. Sally, b, June 20, 1783 ; ra. March 13, 1810, John Crapo of Lynn. Lucy, bap. Nov. 27, 1785 ; d. young. Francis, b, April 11, 1789 ; ra. Mrs. Margaret Wyman. James Wyman m. Jan. 26, 1798, Betsey Locke, dau. of Reuben Locke. He d. April 19, 1835, aged 67. She was burned to death in a house which took fire, when she was left in it alone, too infirm to help herself, James, b, AprU 18, 1798. He was for some time a partner In the mercantUe house of Kittridge & Wyman, Boston, He m. Dec. 10, 1823, Margaret Center, dau, of Cotton Center, She was divorced 30 31 3233 3435 36 3738 GENEALOGICAL REGISTER, 277 from him, 1861, and m. Feb, 19, 1852, Francis Wyman of Lex, an uncle of her first husband. James 'Wyman m. a second wife. Emelia, b. Oct. 18, 1801 ; d. May 9, 1803. Emelia, b. June 10, 1803 ; m. March 31, 1825, John Johnson, 2d. Elbridge, b, March 1, 1805 ; formerly a merchant in Boston. William, b, Dec. 6, 1808; a machinist in Woburn. Anna P., b. — . Benjamin, b, July 1, 1816 ; m. Nov. 17, 1840, Lucy Ann Puffer of Waltham. John G,, h, . Susan E,, b, Aug. 17, 1820 ; ra. Jan. 17, 1838, Jewett B. Streeter of Lowell. Lucy A,, b, AprU 2, 1826. 39 Francis S„ b, April 7, 1827. There were other Wymans in Lex. from time to time, all from the same original stock, but through other branches ; nor was their resi dence permanently in the town. James Wyman, the eldest son of David, of James, who was a great grand-son of the original Francis, was b. Feb. 8, 1826 ; ra. in Lex, as his second wife, Abigail S. Harrington, who d. 1827. His first wife was Rhoda Robbins, and his third wife was Sophia Grover, He had ten sons and three dau. He resided in Lex., Burlington, and Danvers. Henry Wyman of Lancaster, a great grand-son of Francis of Wo., m. 1767, Sarah Mason of Lexington. Increase W^yman, second son of Nathaniel, son of Francis of Wo., was in Lex-. 1766-59 ; was also of Lincoln, Burlington, and Billerica. He had a family of eight children by his wife, Deborah Pierce. Nathaniel, his second and youngest son, was killed in Lex. near the Common, on the morning of the 19th of AprU, 1776, aged 24 years. WILLIS. — John Willis and his wife Elizabeth were In Duxbury as early as 1637. He was one of the first settlers of Bridgewater, was a deacon there, and filled important town, offices, and represented the town in the court of the colony some twenty years. He ra, Mrs. Elizabeth Palmer, and had six children. Benjamin, son of John, m. Susanna, dau. of Thomas Whitman, by whora he had Thomas and Benjamin, Susanna and Elizabeth. Thomas, son of Benjamin, ra. Mary, dau. of Samuel Kingsly, and had eight children. ' Thomas, son of Thomas and Mary, ra. Susannah, dau. of Thomas Ames, and had six children. Thomas, one of their sons, ra. first, a Hunt, and second, a Dean ; araong his children he kept up the family name, and called one of his sons Thomas, who m. Frances WUUs, dau. of Ephraim Willis, by whom he had four sons. Royal B,, Stillman D., Sidney D., and Martin W, Eoyal B. Willis, son of Thomas and Frances,, was b. at Easton, Sept. 3, 1812 ;'m. Sept. 16, 1833,_Phebe C, dau. of Peter Webster of Methuen. He commenced business In Boston in 1834, and repre sented the city In the Legislature, 1844 and 1846. In 1846, he removed to Lexington, continuing his business in Boston. He has held a commission of justice of the peace. For several years past, he has been engaged in the furniture business in Cincinnati, Ohio, keeping up his family residence in Lexington. They have had three children George Franklin, b. In Methuen, July 17, 1834, d. Sept*. 13, 1834; Francis Royal, b. in Boston, Feb. 22, gustaib, in Boston, June 26, 1842. 93 278 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 234 1-2- The Genealogy of the following families was obtained too late to be inserted in the appropriate alphabdical place in the Register, and is here appended, CUMMINGS.— Daniel Cummings, son of Ebenezer Cummings of Woburn, was b. Jan. 7, 1797; ra. AbigaU Wright of Woburn, dau. of Jacob Wright, b. April 28, 1797. They resided first in Bedford, where their first three chUdren were born, and afterwards in Lexington. They have Daniel, b. Aug. 3, 1817, ra. Fowle ; Abigail, b, July 17, 1819, m. Charies Flagg of Wo, ; William, b. Feb. 22, 1822; George, b. Nov.. 24, 1833; Oliver Waterrnan, b. Dec. 23, 1836. Mr. Cummings resides at the extreme part of the town, where Burlington and Bedford corner upon Lexington, THE CURRIER FAMILY. Richard Currier was in Salisbury in 1640, and by his wife Ann had several children. Samuel Currier, perhaps son of Eichard, was In Haverhill, and built him a cottage on the common land in 1668, and in 1670, m. Mary Hardy. I have no record of his death or of his children. In 1727, a school was kept at the house of widow Currier, and in 1732 the school was described as being at the house of Eeuben Currier. From this imperfect record it is Inferred that Sarauel d. before 1727, andthat Reuben was his son. Reuben Cur rier was a lieutenant in HayerhlU in 1757. He m, and had at least two sons, Reuben and Jonathan, He raoved to Bow, N. H., about 1760. Jonathan, ra. Nancy Sargent of Haverhill, and araong other children had Jonathan Currier b. 1787; m. Jan. 1, 1814, Cynthia Whitney, b. AprU, 14, 1792. He d. Oct. 16, 1859, aged 72, and she d. in Lexington, Nov. 10, 1866. William Jackson, b. Feb. 21, 1815 ; ra. Susan B. Spaulding. Charles Whitney, b. March 9, 1817 ; d. 1838, in NashvIUe, Texas. Simon Pender, b, Aug. 19, 1822 ; m. and r. in the State of N, Y, William J, Currier ra. Jan. 23, 1846, Susan B. Spaulding, dau. of Dr. Stillman and Lucy (Butterfield) Spaulding of Lexingten. He studied medicine with Dr. Stedman at the Marine Hospital in Chelsea, and with Dr. Chaplin in Cambridge. He attended lectures at Pittsfield and at Boston, and grad. 1839, at the Berkshire Medical Institute. He is a meraber of the Mass. Medical Society, He carae to Lexington in 1840, and established himself In his profession. They have two children, Charles Wingate, b, April 1, 1860 ; Wil liam B.,b. SuXy 2, 1859, DOW. — Darius Dow, son of Levi and Catharine (Haynes) Dow, was b. in Sudbury, Jan. 16, 1826 ; m. Oct, 14, 1861, Abbie Love- well of Weston, b. Nov. 8, 1830, He came to Lexington about 1863, They have had Darius A., b. Dec. 28, 1852, In Waltham; George H., b, in Lex. Nov. 4, 1855; Hattie L„b, Nov, 22, 1856, d, June 14, 1857 ; Henrietta J., b. March 6, 1862, FITCH.— David Fitch b. in BiUerica, March 3, 1832, His father, David Fitch, was son of David of Bedford, David of Lex, came to this town about 1858, and ra. Jan., 1858, S. M. Williaras of Rox. He entered the 46th Beg. in the late Rebellion, and served in 1- 2 1-6- GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 279 N. C. as a soldier from Lex, His brother Albert enlisted from Bur lington for three years, and was killed at the battle of Chancellors ville. David has four children, the first two born in Burlington, the last two In Lexington. David Warren, b, Oct. 20, 1868 ; Joseph Henry, b, Feb. 12, 1861; Ellen L„ b. Aug. 31, 1864; Eliza Jane, b. Sept, 19, 1866. FOWLE.T— This name has been common in some of the neighbor ing towns, and a few persons of that name have from time to time appeared upon our records. Isaac Fowle of Medford ra. Nancy HaU, and had a family of eleven children. William Henry, one of his sons, b. July 9, 1815, va., April 8, 1835, Susan E. Reed, dau. of Isaac Reed of Lex. She A, July 29, 1869, and he m. Dec. 20, 1860, Emeline P. Reed, sister of his first wife. He came to Lexington with his family, 1857, His father and brother John came with them. The father is now living in his 85th year. William H. Fowle d. Aug. 8, 1862. He had two children by his first wife— Susan Elizabeth, b. Aug. 11, 1839 ; Emma S., b. Sept. 3, 1844 ; m. July 2, 1865, George D, Estabrook, HILDRETH,- Samuel Hildreth b, March 1, 1797, son of James HUdreth of Westford, m.« July 3, 1823, Sophia Doloph of Candia, N. H. They resided in Boston and Dorchester, and carae to Lex. 1855. They have had eleven children, viz. Sophia A., A. young; Samuel B., b. 1826, r. in Boston; Prescott P., b. 1827, and Rufus H,, b, 1828, reside In Dorchester; Sophia A., b, 1830, r. In Quincy; John, b. 1832, d. young; Mary E., b. 1833; Joseph W,, b. 1835 ; Eliza Jane and Jane Eliza, twins, b. 1837, the latter d, young"; Hairiet P,, b. Dec, 26,, 1888, m. Nov. 26, 1863, Thomas W, Child, r. in Lex. and have two chUdren; George O., bl ;^843; Ben jamin F,, b, 1847, d, young. HOLBEOOK. — Moses Holbrook was b. in Marlborough, Nov, 24, 1745, and ra. Eachael ¦, b. May 8, 1748. He d. InTera- pleton, where they resided, June 28, 1810; and she d. July 18, 1797. They had Eachael, b. May 6, 1775 ; Patty, b. June 9, 1778, d. 1812 ; Cynthia, b, July 17, 1781, d. Aug. 1855 ; Rufus, b. AprU 11, 1784, d. 1824; Aaron, b, Dec, 18, 1788, d, 1841; Moses, twin of Aaron, d. young. Aaron Holbrook ra. May 7, 1818, Susan Miles. She d, and he m, Mary Wellington of Waltham, Aaron, b. March 19, 1819, Susan L., b. June 8, 1822 ; m. May 20, 1849, WiUiam Henry Smith of Lexington. Ma^ A,, b. May 28, 1826 ; ra. Charles F, Winship of Lexington, Henry C„ b. May 14, 1828; r. in Georgia, ]Rufus W,, b, March 29, 1830; ra. Sarah E. Stocker. Edwin W,, b. July 21, 1832 ; r. In New York. BuEUS W. Holbrook m. AprU 28, 1857, Sarah E. Stocker of Saugus. They have two chUdren, Abbie Pierce, b. Aug. 11, 1858 ; Nellie, b. April 29, 1861. The Holbrook family came to Lex. 1840. JEWETT. — Nathaniel Jewett came to Lexington about 1835 I from Charlestown. He was son of Jedediah, who was a direct des- 280 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1-2- 1- 23 cendant of MaxImUian Jewett of Eowley, who came to the country early and was made a freeman, and was chosen deacon in Eowley In 1640. He had numerous descendants in Eowley, Ipswich and the neighboring towns. Nathaniel Jewett was b. Oct. 23, 1780, and m. Nov. 22, 1807, Betsey Hamblet, b. May 3, 1783. He d. in Lex. Oct. 26, 1861. aged 81. She d. March 27, 1857, aged 74. They had six children, viz. Amory, b. Aug. 14, 1808, m. Lucy E. Duade; r. In Boston. Louisa, b. June 16, 1810, m. George F. Tuttle, r. at Woodstock, Vt. Maria, b, March 13, 1812, ra. Dec. 5, 1830, George W. Eob inson ; r. in Lex. Eliza, b. Feb., 1814, m. Charles Brown ; r. in Line. Elias K., b. Dec. 16, 1817, d. Jan. 27, 1865, in CaUfornia by the explosion of a steamboat boiler. Gorham, b. Aug. 3, 1819, m. March 11, 1857, Caroline E. Farnsworth. They have Caroline F., b. Aug. 6, 1858. JONES. — Samuel Jones, son of Sarauel of Quincy, was b. Feb, 14, 1809, He came to Lex. about 1838, and m. Nov. 28, 1834, Sarah Fogg, from N. H. They have had Sarah A., b. Nov. 19, 1836, d. AprU 20, 1842 ; Samud H, b. Nov. 13, 1838. He entered the service of the United States, and was nine months in North Carolina. Subsequently he re-enUsted In the Heavy Artillery and served till the close of the war. Lydia A., b. AprU 6, 1842, m. Aug. 10, 1860, Alexander Corey, and has three children ; George A., b. May 6, 1859. KEITH. — John Keith came to Boston from Scotland about 1790. He m. Deborah Thayer of Braintree. They had Mobert, b, 1793 ; Ann, b. 1796; William, b, 1797. He d. 1801. William Keith m. 1820, Priscilla W. Whiston of Boston, dau. of Francis and Elizabeth (Downes) Whiston. WUliam W., b. Feb. 10, 1822; m. Cordelia Bryant. Elizabeth W,, b. Aug. 20, 1823; d. 1849. Amos B., b.'June 10, 1826 ; ra. 1846, Catharine E. Marsh of Lynn. JohnH,, b. Jan. 20, 1827; m. Mary E. Foster of Salem; r. there. Priscilla W., b, April 23, 1829 ; ra. James Annin of Leroy, N. Y. Edward H,, b. May 6, 1831 ; ra. 1849, Mary ; r, in Chicago. Harriet A., b, June 10, 1833; d. 1854. William W. Keith m. May 18, 1848, Cordelia Bryant, dau. of Nathaniel and Clarissa (Blodgett) Bryant, b. AprU 9, 1821. They came to Lexington, 1859. He is a broker In Boston. They have four children, Harry H., b. Nov. 16, 1851 ; WilUam W,, b. June 22, 1857 ; Lillian B,, b. May 12, 1860 ; Walter B,, b. Dec. 13, 1862. THE KNIGHT FAMILY. Loammi Knight, son of Aaron and Eebecca (Adams) Knight was b. in Hancock, N. H., Oct. 14, 1803. He came to Lexington, 1821, and m. May 3, 1829, Mary Bobbins, dau. of Stephen Bobbins, and d. Jan. 5, 1868. He was devoted to the mlUtIa, and rose to the rank of Major. Mary, b. AprU 2, 1830; d. April 6, 1830. \Francis H,, b. May 11, 1831 ; has been twice married. GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. 281 Mary R,, b, Nov. 17, 1833 ; m. Nov. 25, 1852, Joshua Hobart, and has had one chUd, Mary L., b, July 9, 1865. Franklin, b, Sept. 29, 1836. Melinda, b, July 19, 1838 ; m. Nov. 22, 1866, John D. Smith of Charlestown. Helen Augusta, b. May 1, 1841 ; ra. Sept. 25, 1861, Franklin E, Melvin of Charlestown. Annie Maria, b. March 8, 1844. Francis H. Knight ra. Aug. 16, 1856, Loenza L. HiUs, dau. of Joseph and Olive K. HUls of Hancock, N. H. She d. Oct. 2.5, 1859, and he ra. Nov. 15, 1860, Lizzie H. Collamer, dau. of Horace and M. E. Collamer of Woburn. They moved to Reading, 1862. His children are Clarence C, b. July 21, 1868; Lizzie Loenza, b. Oct. 6, 1861 ; Mary C, b. June 24, 1864 ; Nellie Winslow, b, Oct. 23, 1867. LEWIS. — Joshua Lewis, a Baptist clergyman, came from Wales about 1780 and settled in Conn. His son Joshua, likewise a Baptist clergyman, resided In Conn, and E. I. His son Joshua removed to Saratoga, N. Y., where he m. Grinnell. His son John moved to the neighborhood of Auburn, N. Y., where he m. Delecta Bar bour, and becarae a farmer. They had 'five children. Dio Lewis, son of John, was b, 1825 ; ra, July 11, 1849, Hellen C. Clarke, dau. of Dr. Peter Clarke of Montezuma, N. Y. He studied medicine in Auburn, and attended a course of lectures In the Medical Department of Harvard University, and afterwards took his diploraa from the Medical College at Cleveland, Ohio. He settled In Buffalo, N. Y., where he followed his profession several years, and edited a Medical Magazine. After traveling some years at home and abroad, and giving himself to the development of a new system of physical culture, he carae to Boston In 1860, and estab lished a Norraal Institute for physical education. To his labors as President of that institution, he added the establishment and conduct of a Young Ladies' Seminary, which he opened In Lexington, 1864. Of this school, and of the success of his system we have spoken elsewhere. See History, pp. 375, 376. RHODES. — Thomas H. Rhodes, son of Cyrus Rhodes, was b. In Antrim, N. H., March 7, 1816. He came to Lexington In 1840, and m. Feb. 3, 1841, Jane M. Taylor of Boston, b. March 7, 1821. She was dau. of Eli Taylor. They have had the following children. Sarah Elizabeth, b. March 27, 1842 ; m. May 1, 1864, Joshua L. Johnson frora Me. They reside in Charlestown, and have one child. George H., b. May 2, 1844, d. Aug. of the sarae year. Rebecca J,, b. Aug, 1, 1845, Henry, b. April, 1847, d, young, Silas Edwin, b, Oct. 6, 1861. Charles Henry, b, Jan. 23, 1858. SIMONDS. — Calvin Simonds, son of Bradley, and grandson of David Simonds, (No. 69 in the Siraonds faraily,) was b. in Ashby, June 6, 1836, and m. April 11, 1869, JuUa A. Petigrew, b. March 8 1834. They came to Lex. in 1860. They have had Carrie v4., b. j'an. 6, 1861; Mary Ella, b. Jan. 7, 1863, d. March 11, 1863; George Francis, b, Nov, 21, 1864; Jennie Maria, b, Oct. 12, 1866, TYLEE.— Edward Tyler was b. Nov, 10, 1776 ; ra. 1799,, first, Mary G. Thomas, b, 1779, She d, and he ra, second, Susanna Thomas, 1808 ; she d. July 21, 1811, and he ra. third. Alma E, 282 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. 1- 23 4 Holden. He d. Dec. 26, 1827. He had Mary, b. 1806; Edward L., b. Aug. 5, 1806; Alma E„ b. 1816; Susan, b, 1816.; John F,, b, 1818; Harrid N. and James R., (twins,) b. 1820; Elizabeth, b. 1823. They r. in Harvard. Edward L. Tyler, son of Capt. Edward and Mary, m. AprU 16, 1832, Rachel Stevens. She d. April 3, 1839, and he m. Nov. 13, 1839, Martha T. Savage. He came to Lexington about 1828, and d. March 23, 1864, In his 58th year. He had two children by each wife. EdmardF,, b. Nov, 13, 1834. Mary S., b. Feb. 7, 1838 ; m. Ap. 2, 1865, MarshaU Lee of Carlisle. Henry H,, b, Nov. 22, 1840. 6 Arthur F,, b, March 12, 1852, Note. — In the multiplicity of names and dates it is almost impossible to avoid mistakes. A few errors have been detected since the sheets passed the Press, which are here corrected, and a few slight additions made. In the History : Page 321, line 20 from the top, for ' Barnes,' read ' Bowes.' " 397, line 14 from the bottom, for ' 1861,' on the left margin, read ' 1862.' " 398, line 15 from the bottom, insert on the left margin against Alvin Cole, ' 1862.' In the Genealogy : Page 11, line 2 from the bottom, for Charles ' Hawes,' read Charles * Harvey.' " 31, first line, for ' Susanna,' read ' Lusanna.' " 43, line 11 from the top, for * Brown,' read ' Bowen,' " 125, line 22 from the top, for ' 1738,' read ' 1838.' " UO, line 18 in a few copies, for ' 1747 ' and ' 1749,' read ' 1847 ' SD,i ' 1849.' " 179, line 11 from bottom, after * Lusanna,' insert * T,' " 181, line 32 from the top, for ' 1863,' read ' 1853.' " 217, line 17 from the bottom, after 1867, add '1861,' and '1863— 1868.' " 230, line 8 and 9 from the top, for ' Illinois,' read * 'Wisconsin.* " 244, line 29 from top, for ' Viles,' read ' Teal.' • " 262, line 10 from top, for ' 1868,' read ' 1848.' INDEX TO THE GENEALOGIES. In the foUowing Index, the names of the families, which are arranged ta alphabetical order, are printed in Smau, Capitals, and the page or pages occupied by each family, respectively, are set against them. The names which follow the families, and are arranged in alphabetical order, are of those, whether male or female, who have intermarried with some member of the family, and the figures set against their name refer to the consecutive number of each family, against -which the name will be found. Naraes having more than one number against them, denote that different persons, of the same surname, married into the family. In a few instances, distinct families of the sarae narae, have the same numbers. Hence both numbers should be consulted. Persons marrying those of the same surname are omitted in the index. In the introduction of the famiUes, the name of the -wife is sometimes given before the consecutive numbers commence ; and in some of the small families the numbers are omitted altogetber. In such cases, the name of the person intermarrying will be found inserted below, without any number annexed, but can easily be found imder the head of the family where they occur. Abbot, p. 5, 6 Barker, No. 6 Bridges, 18 Buckman, 26 Chandler, 10 Falkner, 4 Farnum, 2 Fawcett, 34 Foster, 13 Hoar, 27 Ingalls, 2, 8 Lawrence, 23 Lovejoy, 7 Merriam, 28 White, 25 Adams, 6—8 Bacon, 29 Baker, 16 Balles.Beals. Boyden, 15 Chenery, 1 Crosby, 30 Derby, 23 Fiske, 3 Flagg, 9 Griffith. Hager, 19 Lewis, 17 Pond, 13 Prentice,. 30 Sanderson, 9 Steams, 10 "Whittemore. Allen, 8 Bacon, 2 Munroe, 1 Smith, 3 Angieb, 8, 9 BlasdeU, 5 Davis, 3 Simonds, 1, 4 "Winn, 5 Abms, 9 Carley. Babcock, 9 Blashfield. Chalmers. Bacon, 9, 10 Allen,Davis, 3 Gleason, 5 Grant. Keed, 4 Bailt,. 10 Capell, 2 Gould, 6 Grover, 2 Hartwell, 5 Hutchinson, 2 Marston, 3 Simonds, 1 Skilton, 4 "Woodbury, 2 Bate, 10 Baerett, 10, 11 Fiske. Gerrish. Henchman. Beals, 11 Adams.Brown. Bennett, 11 Blanchard, 1 Kendall, 15 Knowles, 11 Mclntyre, 14 Shattuck, 8 Stimpson, 13 'Wright, 12 Blanchabd, 12 Munroe. Blasdel, 12 Dexter. Perkins,Powers, Blinn, 12 Gilmore,De Lans. Gragg, 1 Piper, 2 Blodgb'tt, 13 — 16 Barnes^ 75 Brown, 17 Bryant, 8 Butterfield, U Butters, 16 Caldwell, 69 Dizer, 5 Downing, 66 Dupee, 10 Estabrook, 13 Fowle, 38 Frost, 64 Hadley, 1 Harrington, 22 Jackson, 14 Johnson, 8 Lane, 32 Locke, 11, 12, 25 Meserve, 76 Munroe, 46 Nevers, 4 Parker, 26 Perry, 21 Baymond, 8 Bichardson, 18 28-4 HISTORY OP LEXINGTON. Kobbins, 28 ' Fox, 24 Bryant, 30, 31 Bussell, 6 Garfield, 9 Ellms, 4 Severs, 28' Gerry, 56 ¦Phelps, 2 ¦¦¦-. • SkiUon, 19 Harrington, 9, 19, 23 iShurtleff, 3 .i , Smith, 5, 70 ' i Herrick, 15 "Wellington, 6 t:' Stearns, 3 Knowles, 62 i "Withington, 1 Stone, 4 ! Livermore, 4 . Thorn, 23 i Moore, 32 Bookman, 31, 32 Tidd,! ¦ ' ¦ Morse, 33 ' ' iBrown, 2 jJ Tileston, 7, 9 Parker, 41 1 Fiske, 1 "Winn, 2, 16 : Perkins, 19 Munroe. ' ; Pierce, 22 :' ¦ ¦ Stone, 3, 4 Bond, 16 Porter, 15,37 Briscoe. 'Beed, 17,26,30,31,32,43 BuKiiANK, 32, 33 Mason. ' Bussell, 6, 10 1 Alexahder, 2 Nelson, 12 Sargent, 77 ' '¦' iBrown, 1 Bussell, 2 , Saunders, 1 ' ' Jacobs, 7 "Whittemore. ' Sraith, 33. 79 Kendall. "Woolson. ; Stratton, 84 : Peirce, 6 i Taylor, 1 ] Slaughter, 4 Bowman-, 16—20 ' Tidd, 15 Andrews, 15 i Tyler, 40 fiuRDOO, 33 Barnard, 12 Veazie, 54 Banister, 4 Blackleach, 8 J "Watson, 11 ^ Bridge, 25, 38, 61, 63 ! "Wellington, 72 Butters, 34 Bright, 23 "Whitcomb, 56 ; Blodgett, 6 Brown, 29 Whitney, 13 : Hastings, 7 Chamberlain, 45 "Wood, 34 i Peters, 1 Clapp, 75 1 Tidd, 6 -Cooledge, 27, 39 Bki&ham, 26 Viles, 3 . Davis, 64 Muzzy. Elliott, 57 Valentine, Buttrick, 34 Estabrook, 31 1 Glacier, 4 Garfield, 22 -' Brown, 26.^30 ; Locke, 1 Harrington, 21 i Beals, 81 ' ' Hoar, 47 j. Blodgett, 96 Caldwell, 34,''35 Lawrence, 49 ; Bowman, 21 Learned, 65 . ! Bridge, 44 ' Capell, 35 , - Ledlie, 53 : Buckman, 38 Brown, 1 '* ' Loring, 36 1 Burbank, 65 i 'i 1 Crosby, 3 March, 8 Chapman,' 75 '¦' Hutchinson, 4 Munroe, 21, 48 ! Converse, 51 Beed, 37 ! Downing, 49 Carly, 35 Bussell, 20, 40 ' . Dudley, 66 Arms. Sherman, 2 , ' Farrar, 98 ^ Simonds, 18, 41' : Fiske, 73, 99 Chandler, 35—41 Smith, 62 i Gleason, 76 > ' Alley, 60 Stearns, 28 i : Goodwow, 95 Ball, 68 Stone, 9, 19 i " i Harrington, 56 . Blanchard, 65 Sutton, 44 ;; Johnson, 84 ; Bridge, 27 Turner, 7 ' Kuhn, 74 , Brown, 5 Vile?, 59 \ Makepeace, 2 Buss, 3 "Walker, 60 Meacham, 13 Munroe, 68, 67 ' Davis, 13 "Woolson, 36 Downing, 30 Muzzey, 42, 50 Dudley, 8, 66 Bradshaw, 21 Page, 43 :¦ Duren, 64 ? Patch, 97 ¦ Eaton, 32 Bridge, 21—26 ; Perry, 60 ( Flagg, 12, 14 Baker, 60 ' Pierce, 70 ' Fletcher, 6 Bancroft, 1 Proctor, 83 , i Francis, 67 Barrett, 43 Reed, 23, 26, 47 Harrington, 40 Bartlett, 61 ' I Rogers, 91; Smith, 21, 39 Heald, 2 Blanchard, 49 Hutchins, 46 Bowraan, 12, 17, 36, 47 Stearns, 67, 69, 61 . Jones, 6 Brooks, 20 Sumner, 79 Kimball, 54, 67 Brown,40 Thacher, 37 La Bart, 40 Champney-, 1 Tottingham, 31 LeBaron, 52 Chandler, 56 Twitchell, 19 Macki2?r,i. Cutler, 14 "Wellington, 15, 48 Mead, 41 Danforth, 2 "White, 68 Melvin, 14 Davis, 80 "Whitney, 77 1 Merriam, 15 Flagg, 64 "Whittemore, 41' ; |: MuUiken, 39 INDEX TO GENEALOGY, 285 Muzzey, 21, 34 Putnam, 49 Beed, 25, 29 Simonds, 1 Spring, 26 Tidd, 24 "West, 63 Whitcomb, 27 Whittaker, 14 Child, 41, 42 Blodgett.Cunningham. Cutler, 1 Hale, 1 Maddoek. Norcross. Farmintei.Pierce.Flatts. Thatcher. Williams. Claflin, 42 Clarke, 42—45 Allen.Billings, 7 Bowen, 12 Bowes, 16 Buckminster, 2, 4 BuUard.Conant, 24 Dudley.Fiske, 30 Grafton, 35 Green, 31 HaU.Harris, 29, 32 Norman, ? Pierce, 5 AVare, 26 Watts, 25 Wilson, 13 Comee, 43, 46 Brown, 3^ Maltman, 16 Parkhurst, 12 Smith, 5 Watts, 11 COPLEDOE, 47 Bright. Eddy.Fiske.Fowle, 1 Mixer.Munroe. Smith.Steams. Cooper, 47 Crosby, 47 Adams. Cook. Crq-wninshield, 48 Christy, 3 Loring, 8 Peters, 1 Beed, 4 94 CCMMINBS, 278 Flagg. Fowle. Wright. Currier, 273 Hardy.Sargent.Spaulding, 2 'Whitney, 1 Cutler, 48—54 Bacon, ^9 Batchelder, 118 Blaise, 16 Bond, 32 Braman, 109 Bridge, 42 Brown, 90 Burrell, 120 Buttrick, 54 Chamberlain, 113 Child, 58, 93 Clemens, 106 Collar, 5 Cutter, 100 Duren, 123 Earl, 91 Fiske, 64 Flagg, 95, 98 Flanders, 124 Foss, 125 Green, 102 Harrington^ 76 Hassington, 108 Hastings, 62 , Hawkins, 114, 117 Hodgman, 70 Holbrook, 109 Holden, 101 Houghton, 136 Howe, 72 Johonnot, 127 Kendall, 67, 129 King, 1 Lane, 108 Lathrop, 115 Leonard, 78 Mann, 114 Marrett, 97 Moore, 77 Morrell, IU Munroe, 24 NUes, 91 Nutting, 123 Page, I, 74, 75 Park, 9 Parker, 126 Parmenter, 6 Beed, 71, 72, 76 Bice, 109 Bichardson, 112 BusseU, 10 Scolley, 109 Searle. 96 Simonds, 48, 92 Smith, no Snow, 19 Spaulding, 130 Stearns, 12 Stone, 20, 30 Tidd, 43 Tyler, 137 Waite, 8 Wellington, 140 Wheat, 104 Wheeler, 106 White, 76 Whitney, 31 Winter, 3 Wood, 103, 104, lia Wright, 2 Cutter, 54, 55 Fillebrown. Damon, 55 Gowing. Houghton. Pratt. Shattuck. Wright, 1 Danforth, 55 Merriam. Davis, 65, 58 Babcock. Bridge, 4 Davis, 2 Phelps', 1 Stevens, 2 Tilton, 3 Diamond, 66 8imon,ds. Dork, 56, 67 Boardman. Cummings, Goldthwait. Paul, 2 Plympton. Rictaards, 1 Dow, 278 Haynes.Lovewell. Downing, 57 Blodgett, 4 Brown, 1 Butterfield, 2 Chandler, 5 Learned, 4 Rhoades, 6- Wheelock, 7 Draper, 57 Barnes. Dudley, 68, 59 Brown, 15, 16 Chandler, 12 Davis, 8 Fletcher, 2 Fowle, 47 Gobble, 3 Harrington, 43 Holman, 48 Howe, 21 Johnson, 41 King, 4 Lane, 31 286 HISTORY OP LEXINGTON. Munroe, 31 Perry, 20 Poulter, 6 Shaw, 44 Smith, 40 Viles, 38 Wheeler, 1 Dunklee, 69 Wilson, 6 Dupee, 60 Blodgett, 1 Shattuck, 5 Tibbitts, 2 Winn, 4 Duren, 60 Chandler. Dutton. Gould. Jaquith, KendaU. Locke.Manning. Marrett. Russell.Searl. Simonds.Spaulding. E8TABROOK,'61— 64. Adams, 63 Barrett, 21 Benjamin, 67 Blanchard, 42 Blodgett, 59 Bowman, 6 Bryant, 71 Cook, 46 Creasy, 34 Cummings, 59 Davis. 38 Fay, 69 Flint, 5 Foster, 72 Fowle, 59 Frost, 9 Harrington, 7 Harris, 25 Hooper, 68 Hovey, 64 Hubbard, 17, 18 Hunt, 27 Hurd, 23 Jones, 43, 49, 77 Kidder, 30 Lawrence, 32, 59 Loring, 2. 6 Munroe, 7 Norcross, 70 Page, 65 Paine, 3 Pierce, 36 Baymond, 61 •Beed, 6, 22 Bussell, 33, 47 Simonds, 58 Smith, 37 Stearns, 39, 66 Trask, 45 Treat, 3 Walden, 35 Bridge, 61 Warren, 34 Briggs, 91' Willard, 3 Brown, 72, 105 Winn, 51 Buckman, 33 Winship, 24, 29 Carter, 8 Woodhouse, 2 Clarke, 85 ,' ' " Wright, 60 Cooper, 2 •'¦¦¦¦-'¦-•¦ Daland, 81 Fairfield, 64 Davenport, 92 Denow, 101 Farley, 65 Dodge, 71 Hasselton. Eaton, 26 Putnam. EUis, 44 - ' Farmer, 37 Farmer, 65 Fisher, 70 Fessenden, 1 . Gray,'84 KUburn, 3 Haden, 92 Pierce, 7 Hadley, 45, 59 ' Beed, 2 Hale, 2 Haley, 97 Fassett, 65, 66 Harrington, 17, 51, 75 Munroe, 2 Heard, 28 Newton, 6 Howe, 49 Page, 2, 5 Hudson, 5 Pollard, 5 James, 3 Kennard, 71 FESSfeNDEN, 66—69 Le Barron, 67 Allen, 17 J-ponard, 77 Apthorp, 30 L .eke, 39 Barrett, 15 Loring, 14 , Bemis, 32 Lyford, 92 Brown, 11, 19 Massy, 100 Cheney, 1 Merriam, 49 Chipman, 14 Muzzy, 17 Cooledge, 5 NeweU, 63 ' Crosby, 21 Noyes, 20 Davis, 63 Oliver, 43 Doahe, 48 Parris, 18 .. Drinkwater, 49 Paterson,21 Farmer, 28 Peters, 71, 74 Fillebrown, 7, 54, 62 Pierce,, 66 Frost, 43 Pinkerton, 7 Goodrich, 47 Pond, 6 Grover, 55 Baymond, 36 Hill, 38 Beed, 103 Hutchinson, 20 Robbins, 63 Ingals, 57 Bussell, 7 Johnson, 59 Shaw, 92 Kendall, 11 Spear, 78i' 94 Lee, 30 Stimpson, 12 Locke, 7, 31 Stoddart, 9 Lovejoy, 62 Stone, 26, 65 Newton, 60 Thomas, 76 Oldham, 12 Trask, 69, 79 Parker, 10 Tufts, 1 Pierce, 25, 37, 39 Webber, 58 Poulter, 7 WeUington, 4 Prentice, 16 Wheeler, 109 Stratton, 61 Whitney, 62 Tainter, 50 Wilson, 2, 35 Viles, 45 Winn, 90 Webb, 32 ' Winship, 82 Wellington, 18 Wood, 102 Winship, 9, 33, 34 Wyeth, 11 Fitch, 75, 278 Wym^ri, 24 Cutler, p. 75 ' WiUiams, p. 278 Fiske, 69—75 Adams, 61 Fowle, 279 Baldwin, 9 Estabrook. Barrett, 46 Hall. ¦ Blodgett, 40 Beed. INDEX TO GENEALOGY. 287 Gammell, 76, 76 Andrews, 6 Butterfield, 6 Keyes, 1 Lakin, 3 Bobinson, 2 Wiley, 6 Gleason, 76 Bacon. Goddard, 76, 77 Hammond, 7, 10 Keyes, 6, 14 Locke, 15 Miles, 2 Nichols, 4 Smith, 9 Stone, 3, 4 Wardner, 12 Godding, 78 Goodwin, 78 Gould, 78 Bailey, 7 Brooks, 1 Goddard, 5 Hindman, 4. Lawrence, 1 Lovis, 2 Pierce, 2 Bice, 2 Saville, 5 Teel, 3 Whiting, 9 Graham, 78, 79 Marshall. Green, 79 Brown, 6 Muzzy, 2 Prentice, 2 Smith, 4, 6 Tufts. Greenleaf, 79, 80 Gerrish.Horton, 9 Kent. Locke, 3 Manning, 1 Beed. 5 Thompson.'Dpson, 8 , Grimes, 80 Ditson. II Reed, 8 Groter, 81 Biscom, 4 Fessenden, 5 Harrington, 5 Merriam, 3 Pierce, 2 Hadley, 81—83 Blackington, 15 Dean, 8 Fiske, 11 Hadley, 10^ Fowle, 9 HaU, 97, 176 HaU Hammond, 16, 17 Harrington, 19 Hastings, 149, 187 Ireland, 17 Haywood. 148 Jones, 4 Jacobs, 196 Lakin. Johnson, 62 Lawrence, 1 Kinniston, 173 LIttlefield, 22 Lane, 189 Merriam, 7 Langley, 208 Miller, 23 Laughton, 28 Newton; 7 Livermore, 25 Porter, 10 Locke, 54, 70, 108 Stearns. Loring, 78 Whitney, 20, 21 Mason, 37, 139 Winship, 6 Maynard, 198 Mead, 184, 194 Hall, 83 More, 205 CrandaU. Morton, 161 Mullett 85 Ham, 83 Mulliken, 38, 119 Grose. Munroe, 58, 64, 71, 89, 190 Hancock, 83—88 NeweU, 73 Bowes, 26 , , Page, r28 Bowman, 24 Palls, 32 Clarke. 14,18 Perrin, 131 FothergiU, 20 Perry, 57 Henchman, 23 Phelps, 120 LoweU, 34 Pierce, 79, 106, 124, 179, Perkins, 35 183 Prentice, 4 Porter, 63 Quincy, 33 Eainey, 209 Scott, 33 Baymond, 70 Thaxter, 22 Beed,60,61, 113,117,154 Thompson, 28 Richardson, 165 i Rindge, 206, Harrington, 89—99 Bobbins, 137 Adams, 201 , ; Bobinson, 200 Alurt, 162 ' Bussell, 86, 161 Banks, 74 Simson, 81 Bemis, 9 Skilton. 186 Bennett, 177 Smith, 56, 67 Bent, 77 Snow, 168 Bigelow, 23 Stickney, 80 Blackington, .54 - Swan, 212 Blodgett,'28, 63, 68 Tay, 160 Bowsway, 165 Todd, 181 Britton, 88 Trask, 37 Brooks, 196 ' Turner, 203 Brown, 76 Dnderwood, 127 Bruce, 125 Wade, 140 Chandler, 192 Ward, 191 Constantine, 147 White, 27, 98 Cutler, 27 Whitehead, 112 Cutter, 16: Whitney, 6. Cutting, 2' Wiley, 203 Dale, 156 , Winship, 13, 62, 122 Dudley, 116, 146 Winter, 3 , Dunkley, 84 Woodbury, 174 Dunster, 38 Wootten, 65 Elliott, 141, 142 Wyman, 178 Farrer, 82 Fiske, 56, 69, 159, 161 Harris, 99 Francis, 144 Bryant, 1 Frost, 87, 99, 182 Fa'rmer, 1 Frothingham, 193 Wethern, 4 Gage, 197 • Garfield, 6. 168 Hartwell, '99, 100 Gleason, 158 Davis, 1 Gossom, 180 Lake, 1 Grover, 17Q. Webber, 2 288 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Hastings, 100—103 Holbrook, 279 Dudley,! Adams, 46 Miles, IS Hadlock., . Bailey, 54 Smith, 3 Jones, 7 Baker, 37 Stocker, 6 Laws, 8 Bemis, 11, 50 WeUington, 1 Loring, 1 Bond, 8 Winship, 4 Miles. Bowles, 40 Munroe. Brooks, 21 Holmes, 106 Nurse. Brown, 17 Cotting. Pierce, 1 " ; Cary, 38, 43, 49 Reed. ^• Cheney, 1 Houghton, 106, 107 Bugg. Church, 9 Cutler, 3 Skilton, 9 Cooledge, 9 Haywood, 1 Sumner, 3 Davis, 53 Bichardson. Sweney, 5 Graves, 6 Shattuck, 2 Tuttle, 6 Green, Stearns. Wheeler, 2 Hammond, 3 Harris, HoVEY,(107 Jones, 280 HoUoway, 16 Brown. Corey. Ingraham, 22, 44 Greenwood. Fogg. Lawrence, 3l Hoping, 1 Livermore, 48 Lovett. Keith, 280 Marrett, 47 Mason. Annin, 6 Mead, 12, 53 Muzzy. Bryant, 2 Nelson, 27 Pratt. Foster, 5 Nevinson, 7, 9 Watson. Marsh, 4 Pratt, 63 Thayer. Reed, 42 Hudson, 107—110 Whiston, 1 Rice, 5 Babcock, 6 . Biggs, 39 Brigham, 4 Kendall, 112, 113 Bobbins, 48 i Brown, 1 Bennett. Shattuck, 13 ' Cooledge. 16 Broughton, 1 Smith, 52 Crocker, 2 Cheever, 1 Spring, 35 j Fay, 14 Dewing, 6 Stearns, 13, 17, 26 Fiske, 7 Ditson. Stratton, 19 Efost, 2 Fiske. Swan, 30 Gopdnow, 5 Gates. Tidd, 18 Joslin, 1 Leland, 5 Trabo, 50 McAllister, 3 Smith, 11 Tuttle, 63 Mellen, 23 Tidd. ! Warren, 10 Nichols, 22 Weed, 53 Rider, 17 Kibbe, 113, 114 WeUington, 49, 51 Rugg, 2 White, 16 Shurtleff, 18 Knight, 280, 281 Wood, 53 ¦ f Smith, 20 Collamer, 3 Wyeth, 30 White, 1 Hills, 3 WiUiams, 13 Hobart, 4 Hendley, 103 Wood, 3 Melvin, 7 Skilton. Bobbins, 1 Hewes, 103, 104 HUPFMASTEB, 110 Jewell. Smith, 6 Sawtel, 1 Wier. Laughton, 114 Hildreth, 279 Child. Doloph. Hunt, UO Winship. John Lawrence, 114—117 Ingersoll, 111 Abbott, 33 HoAB, 104, 103 Bancroft, 31 Abbot, 28 Jennison, 111 Batchelder, 1 Bowman, 23 Tidd. Bellows, 11 Brooks, 18, 19 Bowman, 42 Cutler, 22 Jewett, 279, 280 Fiske, 33 Graves, 3 Brown. Harris, 23 Jones, 7 Duade. Hastings, 49 Lee, 4 Farnsworth, Holden, 24 Pierce, 16, 25 Hamblet, Johnson, 39 Locke, 2/ Prescott, 2 RobiASon, Stratton, 4 Tuttle, Morse, 4 Wheeler, 31 Muzzy, 40 White, 30 Johnson, 111, 112 Page, 21 Whittemore, 20, 21 Brown, 4 Parker, 35 Cheney; 11 Potter,,? ,. Hobbs, 106 Cogswell, 4 Reed, 38, 52 INDEX TO GENEALOGY. 289 RusseU, ,34 Smith, 37, 46 Stone, 27 Swain, 32 TarheU, l9 1 '¦ Wheeler, 25 '. Wood, 51 George Lawrence, 117, Barnes, 5 Bass, 7 Bennett, 7 Brown, 3 Butterfield, 24 Comee, 19 Crispe. Eaton, 6 Evans, 13 Hammond. Holland.Hopping, 7 Lord, 14 Marsh, 29 Maynard, 8 Parker, 2 Pierce, 10 Reed, 33 Robinson, 25 Smith, 4,_26 Stearns. Thayer, 28_ "WeUington, 1 Lewis, 281 Barbour. Clarke. Grinnell. Livermore, 118, 119 BaU.Barnes. Bridge.Dunlap, Jarvis, 1 Kidder. Manning, 7. Perkins, 8 Locke, 119—126 Ayers, 40 Baldwin^ 31 ' Blodgett, 42, 66, 69, 123 Bond, 68, 71 Brooks, 36 Burgess, 114 Casey, 131, 133 Clarke, 1 Cotton.Crosby, 135 Cummings. . Cutter, 9 Davis, 111, 122 Dawes, 152 Day, 7 Divols.Duren, 144 Dwight, 39 EUiottj 151 Evans.Fessenden, 17 Fiske, 43; Fitz, 108., Foster, 75, 86 Gage, 111 Gould, 125 , , Gould, j Greenleaf, 80 Harrington, 65, 73, 121 Haywood, 3' HiU, 118 HiUs, 104 Hopkins', 69 Howard, 72 Ingersol, 7.5 Jacobs, lii Joslin, 115 Kendall, 6 Lakeman, 134 Lawrence, 38, 77 Markham, 10 Marrett, 77 Marvin, 1.50 . , Maynard, 95 , Mead, 5, 8, 74 Merriam, 16, 27, 45, 49 MuUiken, 145 Munroe, 24, 105 Nevers, 107 Newelli:37Newton, 47- Nichols, 78, 79, 87 Perry, 36 Plympton, 4 Raymond, 26 Reed, 22, 71 Rhoades, 106 Richardson, 28, 32, 68, 117 ' Roberts, 137 BusseU, 11, 23, 69 . Scatto, 21 Simonds, 81, 95 Skilton, 128 Smith, IU Snow, 19 , - Stearns, 127 Stevens, 127 Temple, 103 , TUeston, 89, 91, 93 i Traluddia, 16 Trask, 76 , Tuck, 132 Walker, 8 Wallace, 94 Welch, 98 r Wellington, 73, 121 White, 97; , . l Whitmore, 3 Whitney, 99, 100 WUey, 85, 88 Winning, 109 WinsWji, 69 Wood, SO Wyman, 4, 46, 61, 84, 143 Loring, 126—128 Allen, 12 Baker, Baxter, 24 , .:.\i Bowman, 8 i ! Chambersj 14 Danforth,.16 Estabrook, 1 Fiske, 2 Gove, 7 Harrington, 20 Howe, 13. Johnson, 17 Leavitt, 1 , Mason, 6 Munroe, 22 Newton. Penny, 19 PoUard, 15 Smith, 18 Winship, 10 Makn, 128 Simonds,. Marrett, 128— 131 Adants, 39 Amsden^ 5 Bradish, 10 Crashburn, 8 Cutler, 34 Dunster, 4,;l7 Eddeson, 2 ,1: Foster, 19 George, 41 Hastings, 9, 29 Hovey, 11 Jones, 26 ,: Langhori), 4 Lawrence, 18 Locke, 36 Martyn, 20 Monis, 16 Muzzy, 29 , Parker, 11 Pierce, 15 Beed, 27 Bice, 8 , Sanborn, 42 Smith, 28 Tidd, 24 Towne, 38 , Witt, 13 Wyatt, 19 Mason, 131, 132 Bowman, 19 Brooks, 2 Brown, 11 ' , BuU, 29 Cheney;'31 Edes, 23 Estabrook, 4 Gardner, 8 Hammond, 5 Loring, 12 Munroe, 19 Peak, 25 Spring, 9 "Underwood, 33 Whittemore, 26 Israel Mead, 132—134 Hadley, 18 Hall, 1 Jones, 29 Locke, 6 Fierce, 25 Bobbins, 14 290 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. David Mead, 134—136 Adams, 19 Bond, 14 Bigelow,, 12 Chandler, 37 Converse, 25 Danforth, 11 Harrington, 36, 40 Hastings, 4, 40 Jennison, 16 Locke, 26 Munroe, 24 Parker, 10 Pierce, 13 Smith, 3 Warren, 1 Whitney, 17 Viles, 18 Merriam, 136—140 Abbott, 94 Allen, 40 Brooks, 17, 21, 98 Brown, 48 Bruce, 32, 34 CaldweU, 95 Chandler, 72 Cooper, 4 Cutting, 81 Danforth, 31 Eaton, 42 Fife, 65 Fletcher, 6 Hall, 5 Haywood. 13 Hosmer, 76 Jones, 85 Lincoln. 63 Locke, 27 Mores, 66 Muzzy, 43 Porter, 49 Bichardson, 88 SawteU, 83 Simonds, 63, 91 Stearns, 11 Stetson, 127 Stone, 2, 14, 41 Townsend, 62 Wheeler, 10, 22 Whitcomb, 64 Whitney, 75, 77, 80 Wilder, 79 Winship, 27, 93 Wood, 9 Mills, 140 Adams. Mitchell, 140 Snow. Moore, 140, 141 Cutler.Parker, 6 Pierce, 6 Morrell, 141 Cutler, 3 Dana, 5 Holbrook, 1 Marsh, 6 Millett, 2 Mulliken, 141—143 Bacon, 31 Burrell, 4 ' Chandler, 10 Clement, 36, 39 Daland, 17 Farnsworth, 19 Gerr:^, 40 Harringtonj 28 Holt, 20 Horton, 23, 27 Hunt, 9, 18 Locke, 37, 42 Munroe, 32 Munyan, 25 Nelson, 14 Payson, 15 Pierce, 22 Beed, 11 Boberts, 21 Sanderson, 7, 10 Simonds, 29 Smith, 38 Stone, 2 Wellington, 24 Whiting, 5 Munroe, 144 — 161 Adams, 86 Allen, 245 Bacon, 213 Barber, 77 Bemis. 82, 128 Benjamin, 60 Blanchard, 12 Blodgett, 207 Bowman, 27, 102 Brown, 60; 174, 179 Buckman, 99, 202 Burgess, 11 Caldwell, 70, 119, 156 Chapen, 108 ChUd, 7 Cobbett, 218 Comee, 3 Cutler, 4, 64 Daniels, 209 Dodge, 230 Downes, 187 Eaton, 129 Estabrook, 14 Fassett, 9 Fessenden, 178 Fitch, 91 Foster, 196 Fowle, 190 Fox, 168, 222 Foye, 106 Frost, 197 Gleason, ,220 Grinnell, 182 Hammond, 105 Hancock, 118 Harrington, 92, 100, 127, 133, 195, 216 Hobbs, 80 Holland,? Huiinewell, 173 Hutchinson, 119 Jewett, 188 Johnson, . 169, 172, 217, 229 Jones, 19 Kendall, 47, 84 Leath, 14,6 Locke, 22, 34, 181, 206 Loring, 44, 171 Macy, 170 Mason, 27 Matthis, 67 Maxwell, 74 Mead, 126 < ^, Merriam, 62, 228'' Millett, 232 Mixer, 214 Mulliken, 247 Muzzy, 22, 87, 183 Nichols, 21 Nurse, 96 Page, 165 Parker. 24, 66, 79, 122, 143, 144 Parks, 64 Perry, 83 Phinney, 237 Phipps, 38 Pierce, 7, 167, 210 Porter, 125' Randall, 239 Raymond, 28 Beed, 75, 189 Bice, 208 Bogers, 103 Bugg, 8 Bussell, 4. 158, 194, 199 Sampson, 205 Sanderson, 124 Sawin, 63 Sewall, 187 Sfmonds, 41, 86 Skilton, 142 Smith, 103, 133, 186 Spooner, 104 Stedman, 1.39 Stimpson, 231 Stone, 39, 65 Thorp, 192 Tidd, 101, 134 Tuttle, 212 Underwood, 93 Waite, 126 Walker, 150 Watson, 42, 118 Watts, 22 Wellington, 29, 136 Wheeler, 68 Wheelock, 184 Whittemore. 215 WiUiama, 58, 39 Wilson, 243 Winning, 238 Winship, 93, 139, 214 Wood, 238 Wyer, 1 Wyman, 209 Muzzy, 162—167 ' BouteUe, 47, 53' Bowers, 26 Bradshaw, 4 Brown, 29, 61 Chandler, 64, 66 Conant, 49 Dexter, 1 INDEX TO GENEALOGY. 291 Discom, 22 Leavitt, 96 Fuller, 3 Dunklee, 61 Mead, 32 Gale, 56 Estabrook, 43 Miller; 93, 96 Harrington, 61, 89, 109, Falkner, 15 Moore, 43 124 Fiske, 8 Morse, 61 Hobbs, 86 FnUer, 39 Munroe, 39, 41, 66 Holland, 21, 29 Green, 7 Parrott, 30 Lawrence, lOS Hall, U Pierce, 43, 62 Lewis, 26 HUl, 13 Polly, 11 Locke, IU Hobart, 72 Poole, 19 Mason, 62 Hooper, 77 ' Reed, 44 Mixer, 13 Hosmer, 70 Bobbins, 101, 102 Munroe, 21, 88 Hovey, 10 ^ Simonds, 67 Nunn, 113 Ingham, 4 ' Smith, 38 Parker, 59, 84 Lawrence, 24 Stearns, 63 Penny, 120 Lincoln, 6'J Stone, 23 Piper, 48 Marrett, 62 Tuttle, 104 Beed, 5, 75 Merriam, 19, 42, 60 Whitney, 22 Bussell, 106, no Mor^, 38 Wyman, 35 Sawin,. 11 Munroe, 20, 42, 60 Smith, 23, 85, 87, 92, 93 Oakes, 68 Parkhtjrst, 177 Stearns, 82 Parker, 65 Bowers. Brown, 58, 91, 97 Smith, U Darge;e, 107 Buckman, 102 Wheeler, 28 Garfield, 105 Burbank, 99 White, 18 Green, 87, 88, 90 Coffin, 62 Whittemore, 14 Herrick, 91 Comee, 60 Winship, 19 Hobbs, 45 Conant, 113 Young, 3 Hosley, 60 Cummings, 90 Jennison, 34 Derby, 80 Wm. Beed, 190—196 Kendall, 26 Fessenden, 79 Bacon, 57 Lawrence, 98 Fiske, 45 Bateman, 58 292 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Bowman, 32 Bridge, 33, 36, 37, 43, 82 Brooks, 81 Brown, 31, 34, 66 Chandler, 68, 77 Cutler, 46 Danforth, 63 Davis, 55 Elson, 17 Estabrook, 25, 48 Fiske, 10, 22 Gibson, 79 Greenleaf, UI Grimes, 36 Harrington, 39 Hobart, 114 Houghton, 61 Ingalls, 29 Jennison, 2 Jewett, 105 Johnson, 6, 18, 19. 60 Kendall, 1, 7, 15, 20 Lawrence, 44 Leathers, 81 Locke, 67 Longley, 61 Marrett, 69 Meigs, 106 Merriam, 74 MuUiken, UO Munsal, 12 Muzzy, 42, 73, 80, 109 Nichols, 101 Page, 38 Parker, 93 Pierce, 3, 14 Poulter, 23 Prescott, 95, 96 Baymond, 47 Richardson, 13, 102 Bobinson, 16 BockweU, 2 BusseU, 27 Sawyer, 21 Simonds, 35 Smith, 104 Stone, 24, 23, 29, 30, 84 Tidd, 28 Wadsworth, 113 Waite, 83, 86 Walker, 8 Webber, 100 WeUington, 109 Whittemore, 30 Winn, 9 Winship, 49 Wyman, 5 Timothy Beed, 196, 197 Crowningshield, 16 Ferren, 23 Fowle, 13, 21 French, 2 Gardner, 6, 11 Gates, 24 KendaU, 1 Lawrence, 20 Munroe, 3, 4 Parker, 15 Phipps. 17 Pratt, 8 RusseU, 9 Thayer, 7 Willard, 9 Swethern a,nd other Reeds, 197, 198 Clapp, 9 CoUens, 1, 6 Emerson, 5 Farrington, 8 Flint, 3 Fox, 4 Frost, 2 Harrington, 1 Hartwell, 3 Hersey, 16 Hutchinson, 6 Johnson, U Murphy, 2 Reed, 13 Ross, 14 Rugg, 12 Stearns, 10 Trask, 7 Walker, 13 Wellington, 2, 6 Wyman, 17 Rhodes, 281 Johnson.Taylor. Richardson, 198, 199 BodweU. Browne.Godfrey. Parker.Raymond, 3 Reed, 1 Richards, 2 Wiseman. Robbins, 199—202 Barrett, 37 Blodgett, 37 Brazier, 1 Butterfield, 17 Chandler, 5 Cutter, 32 Foot, 15 Harrington, 47 Holbrook, 53 Hutchinson, 19 Jackson, 12 Johnson, 12, 13 Langdon, 49 Lothrop, 35 Mead, 20 Mills, 15 Patten, 14 Prentice, 24, 36 Russell, 11 Simonds, 50 Stone, 66 Wadsworth, 22 Williams, 26 Winship, 33 Wooten, 21 Bobinson, 202—206 Ackley, 18 Ames, 43 Bacon, 4 Brown.Chase.Cutler, 32. Danforth.Davis, 34. 39 Draper, 10 Gair, 33 Gammell, 30 Gardner, 28 Gilmor, 41 Hadley, 13 Hall, 34 Harrington, 42 Hosmer, 39 Jennings, 26 Jewett. Little.Beed, 16 Siraonds, 6, 23, 46 Snow, 20 Stevens, 46 Tidd, 25 Trask, 5 Tufts, o6 White, 27 Wiggin. Bussell, 206—211 Belcher, 2 Blood, 70 .Bond, 45 Bradshaw, 1 Bridge, 13 Brooks, 7 Cutler, 7 Dodge, 48 Eaton, 48 FarweU, 79 Goodnow, 68 Harrington, 76 Hubbard, 9 Jones, 80 Joyce, 85 Lawrence, 5 Locke, 31, 71, 81 Merriam, 73 Munroe, 28, 68 Prentice, 1 Bice, 10 Smith, 82 Sprague, 33 Thayer, 79 Wheeler, 37 White, 85 Whitney, 79 Winship, 8, 16 Wood, 78 Saville, 211, 212 Gould, 9 Haraden, 1 Leonard, 6 Muzzey, U, Simonds, 212— 218 Angler, 66 Bacon, 3 Bailey, 94 Ball, 93 Bannon, 139 Blake, 112 Blodgett, 10, 12 INDEX TO GENEALOGY, 293 Bowers, 26 Bowman, 18, 23 Bradbury, 65 Brooks, 24 Brown, 20,t60 ChUds, 81 -¦¦ Crosby, 72, 76 Cutler, 30, 4.5 Diamond, 67 Estabrook, 115 French, 90 Gizeley,7,8Grimes, -14 Hadley, 100 Hammond, 62 Haywood, 1 Heard, 93 HiU, 49, 63 Holden, 109 Johnson, 61 Jones, HI - Knight, 19 Locke, 59, 70 Maxwell, 68 Merriam, 34, 43 Miller, 124 Mixer, 29 MuUiken, 92 Munroe, 29 Nichols, 103, 138 Parker, 46 Parks, 98 ''. - Fierce, 47, 80, 96 Poulter, 15 Beed, 25 Bobbins, 60 ' Bobinson, 69, 128 Bussell, 85 Smith, L7,- 30 Spaulding, 73 Stearns, 110 Stone, 27 Swan, 86 Swett, 134 Tay, 33 Tidd, 7 Tufts, 41 VUes, 62 Walker, 11, 95 Wellington, 13 Winn, 74 Wyman, 64 Smith, 218—229 ' Adams, 211 ' Adams.Allen, 155 • Arenburg, 230 Arnold, 229 Bacon, 119, 126 Baker. Barber, 87 Barnard. 27 Beers, 9 Belcher, 139 Blodgett, 140, 166 Bowman, 88 Bracket, 197 Brooks, 153 Brown, 33, 40, 224 Bryant, 232 Burridge, 28 ' 95 ChUd, 177, 204, 209 Clark, 220, 240, 241 Comee, 20 Cooper, 214 Cormic.Cory, 132 Cowley, 183 Cutter, 162'. .•¦ . Dakin, 129 ,»i.'- M'. .' Davis, 37 Diamond, 70 ' ,; Dudley. 157 ¦' -. ' Earle, 221 ¦ Eaton, 191, 193 Farmer, 216 Fillebrown, 159 Fiske, 1, 24, U3 Ford, 244 Foster, 173 Francis, 40 Gale, 39 George, 239' Goddard, 213 Green, 1, 20, 64 HaU, 96,228 Hammond, 178 Hanscomb, 211 Harrington, 78 Hastings, 152 Holbrook, 2 Hopkins, 139 Hosmer, 8 ,- Houghton, 225 lies, 92 Ingoldsby, 66 - ' Ireland, 215 Johnson, 192 Knapp, 5, 199 - Kneeland, 2'33' '' Lane, 1 Langdon, 135 Lawre'irce, 62, 84, 164 Lee, 98 Leonard, 79 Livermore, 168 Locke, 1, 3, 196 Marrett, U3 Matthews, 125 Mead, 29 Meers, 231 Melvin, 222 Meserve, 6 Munroe, 99; 100, 138 Muzzey, 113 Parker, 41, 188 Penny, 90 Phelps, 160 Pierce, 93, 94, 110, 124, 148 Poor, 161 Porter, 219 Raymond, 47 ' Beed, 182, 247 KeevesjO,.'-, ; Bichards, 19 ! Bichardson, 58 Rogers. 201 ! BusseU, 161, 184 Sanderson, '163 ' ' -, Sawyer, 2'26-' ! Smith, 60, no Snow, 101, 217 i Stearns, 95, 96 Stone, 66 Stratton, I'l, 66 Sullivan, 163 Taylor* 103 Tidd, 10, 63 Tileston, 134 Turner, 172 Tuttle, 175, 179 Undervi-ood, 61, 131, 149, 174 Ward, 62 WeUinaton, 33, 34, 69, 77, 169, 205 Whittum, 227 Winship, 140 Wood, 112, 123 Woods.Wyman, 63, 161, 171 Spaulding, 229 Butterfield, 1 Carrier, 3 Palfrey, 4 Saville, 6 Staples, 230 Shipping. Isaac Stearns, 230, 231 Beers, 6 Cummings, 30 Cutler. 11 Esty, 21 Freeman, 3 HartweU, I4,, Lawrence, 29^ Learned, 2 ' Mantling, 8 Morse, 9 Powers, 26 Stone, 6 Talbot, 22 Temple, 27 Wheeler, 5, 10, 25 Whittemoiej 31 Phinehas Stearns, 231, 232 ¦ Brown. ''-' Child, 10 Hastings, 2 Phinney, 4; 5 - Wellington, 1, 9 Wyeth, 7 ¦ Charles Stearns, 232, 233 Adams, 38 1 Bigelow',il4, 63 Blodgett, 4') Boynton, '.55 Prooks, 42 ChUd, 2&' .¦' Fiske, 35 Flagg, 45 Frost, 17 Gibson, 1 Gove, 43 Gra^'c, 68 Hadley, 49 Harthan, 39 294 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Harrington, 20 Wellington, 62, 63, 64 HUl. Hutchinson, 8 Whittemore, 65 Kent. Lawrence, 4 Poor. Norcross, 4 Stowe, 239, 240 Parker, 33, 41 Hartness, 2 Tufts, 247 Piper, 64 Thomas, 1 Adams, 1 Bawson, 57 Bowraan, 12 Seger, 26 Sumner, 240 Buckman. Shattuck, 13 Badger. Mead, 6 Smith, 24, 25, 27 Brown. Putnam. Traine, 7 Clement. Rochester, 5 Varnum, 46 Foster. Viles, 52 Harris. Turner, 248 Webber, 61 Johnson. Brewster. Wellington, 50 Southack. Brown, 4 Wilson, 44 Tilton. Drury. Winship, 32 Waldron. French. Garner. Stetson, 234 ThorninTi, 240 Gould, 1 Adams. Child. Hatch. Brewster. PhiUips. Hudson. Cook. Whitney. James. Elliott, 3 Wood. Morse. Griifing, 7 Nicoll, 7 Merriam, 1 Tidd, 240-245 Pierce, 1 Whitcher, 4 Adams, 39 Sampson, 8 Blodgeti, 9 Smith, 2 Stevens, 234 Bridge, 13 Whiton, 3 Davis. Carter, 8 ElweU. Chandler, 47 Tuttle, 248, 2.19 Goodrich. Cotting, S3 Burnham, Pierce. JJutler, 16 Cogswell. Bobinson. EUiott, 61 Dexter, 6 Fitch, 22 Hastings, 17 Stone, 235-239 Flagg, 14 Johnson, 16 Adams, 28, 46 Hasting, 28 Lord, 6 Barrett, 79 Hayward, 37 Munroe, 3 Bass, 76 Jennison, 18 Macintosh, 18 Bent, 49, 60 Joslin, 21 Muzzey, 16 Blodgett, 42 Kendall, 1 Parker, 13 Bowraan, 17, 34 Marrett, 31 Smith, 1, 3 Brown, 39 Munroe, 19, 30* Viles, 3 Buckman, 77 Nurse, 62 Butterfield, 36 Beed, 16, 23 Ttler, 281, 282 ChUd, 82 Simonds, 5, 32 Holden. Converse, 15 Smith, 3, 26 Lee, 3 Cutler, 23, 29, 41, 66 Stearns, 48 Savage, 1 Earle, 67 Stickney, 11 Stevens, 1 Harrington, 74 Trask, 52 Thomas. Hildreth, 8 Watson, 63 Jones, 14 Wood, 2 Underwood, 249—262 Keyes, 62 Baker, 24 Lawrence, 30 Tower, 245 Bull, 9 Merriam, 7 Davis. FiUebrown, 64 Merry, 19 Gibson, 8 Mulliken, 74 Trask, 245—247 Harrington, 44 Munroe, 71 Bemis, 17 Hewes, 19 >oye3, 48 Benney, 16 Holland, 20 Parker, 36 Fiske, 19 Lawrence, 39 Parkhurst, 40 Green, 3 Mason, 43 Potter, 6 Harrington, 9 Munroe, 37 Beed, 26, 31, 33 Hill, 2 Ong, 6 Sampson, 68 Humble, 11 Palmer, 10 Shattuck, 64 Morris, 7 Shattuck, U Shepard, 16 Beed, 16 Smith, 24, 47, 48 Smith, 78 Bobinson, 6 Stone, 25 Stearns, 5 Stearns, 8 Tufts, 38 Stevens, 46 Tufts, 14 Stone, 44, 46, 47, 56, 39 Wood, 19 Viles, 252, 253 Underwood, 67 Barnard, 2 AVait, 18 Tucker, 246, 247 Bemis, 1 Warren, 43 j Dana. Bowman, 8 INDEX TO GENEALOGY. 295 Butters, 26 "Whittemore, 8 Whittemore, 264—266 CaU, 4 Winship, 87 Brown, 8 Coburn, 16 Yates, 59 Dunton, 7 Dix, 10 Flagg, 3 Dudley, 19 William Wellington, French, 1 Fessenden, 20 258, 2.59 Harrington, 7 Hoar, 3 Hagar, 6 Ames, 21 Hartwell, 20 Bowman, 14 Mason. Mead, 14 Bryant, 30, 31 Band. Nelson, 23, 28 Carroll, 29 Beed, 10 Beed, 22 Cary, 25 Bice, 7 Bobinson, 38 Child, 9 Simonds, 15 Clarke, 8 Williams, 266 Smith, 24 Cope, 17 Grennell, 1 Stiles, 34 Fiske, 2 Squire, 5 Stimson, 39 Hastings, 32 Teel, 21 Holbrook, 16 Willis, 277 Tenney, 31 Hudson, 22 Ames. Tidd, 29 Kidder, 28 Dean. Ward, 32 KimbaU, 12 Hunt. Warren, U Lawrence, 4, 5 Kingsly. Watson, 5, 7 Miles, 10 Palmer. Wilson, 13 Parker, 32 Webster. Pierce, 11, 20 Whitman, .oqer Wellington, 253, Stearns 3, 18 258 Stone, 10 Wilson, 266, 267 Abbott, 43 Whitney, 1 Dunkley. BaU, 41 Bisbee, 87 Westcott, 260 Winship, 267—274 Blodgett, 76 Bead. Abbott, 109 Bond, 7, 12 Adaras, 147 Bosworth, 91 White, 260, 261 Barshara, 9 Bridge, 88 Abbott, 12 Bowersj 68 Brown, 10, 13 Ener, 16 Brooks, 166 Cooledge, 3, 56 Harrington, 19, 24 Chamberlain, 136 Cotting, 44 Locke, 10 ChUds, 98 Danforth, 64 Mansfield, 8 Coggen, 119 Dix, 24 Baymond, 14 Crafts, 56 DuvUle, 74 Ward, 11 Crosby, .57 Fay, 9 Cutler, 17, 33, 33 Fessenden, 19 Whitman, 261, 262 Daley, 168 Hastings, 50, 61, 87, 90 Byram. Dixon, 13 HiU, 28 Cary. Estabronk, ,38 Holton, 90 Conant. Fessendrri, 22, 79 Jacobs, 63, 55 Fairfield, 15 Fiske, 127. Vi6 Kent, 63, 66 Bichards. Francis, 103 Law, 58 Snow, 1 Frost, 132, 135 Livermore, 6 Trowbridge, 3 Grant, 63 Locke, 46 Vining. Hadley, 82 Maddoek, 3 Hagar, 170 Moore, 93 Whitmore, 262—264 Harrington, 12, 60, U Mulliken, 93 Ayres, 1 Hastings, 40 Munroe, 23 Blake, 1, 2 Hill, 120 Nichols, 78 Cady, 27 Holbrook, 169 Page, 32 Carter, 8 Johnson, 107, 134 Peaslee, 84 Gardner, 5 KendaU, 3 Phelps, 10 Harty, 1 Laughton, 62 Bay, 89 KendaU, U Learned, 77 Bichards, 1 Locke, 7 Locke, 121 Bobinson, 90 Lovejoy, 29 Loring, 57 Sherman, 14 Markham, 2 Manning,. 15, 29 Simonds, 100 Page, 13 Marble, 83 SmaU, 73 Parke, 1 Marion, 93 Smith, 19, 40, 94 Thompson, 9 Merriara, 112 Snow, 75 Townsend, 31 PhiUips, 62 Stearns, 30, 38, 67, 82 Van Bensselaer, 3 Pierce, 18 Stone, 17, 24 Waters, 10 Powers, 11 Straight, 2 WUcox, 6 Baymond, 63 Sweetman, 5 Beed, 156, 157 Taylor., 69 Whitney, 264 Bogers, 6 Teel, 92 Parker, 4 Bussell, 10, 16 Whitney, 10 Winship, 5 Smith, 163 296 HISTORY OF LEXINGTON. Stone, 152 Walker,. 133 Wellington, 153 Whitney, 44 Wyeth, 20 Winter, 274, 273 Harrington, 8 Weight, 275 Estabrook. Farmer.Hayward.Kendall.Kenniston. Beed.Bice. Wyman, 275—277 Bacon, 13 Brown, 11 Center, 29 Crapo, 26 Davenport, 16 Gardner, 22 Harrington.Hancock, 11 Johnson, 9, 31 Locke, 20 Mason. Nutt.Pierce, 1 Porter, 18 Puffer, 35 Putnam, 9 Reed, 19 Richardson, 5, 10, 14 Robbins.Simonds, 18 Streeter, 37 Winn, 8 3 9002 00988 9677 ',1 1 ii,SiV»',iK.. I L (H\ Kll.! Iff.' .li ¦^si"?*.^.-'- p