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WSToS

THE
MEMOIRS O F
CHAR LES-LE WIS,
Baron de Pollnitz.
BEING
The OBSERVATIONS He made in his
late Travels from PruJJia thro'

POLAND,
GERMAN T,
ITALT, FRANCE,

SPAIN, FLANDERS,
HOLLAND,
ENGLAND,&cc.

DifcovenngnotonlythePRESENT STATE
of the Chief Cities and Towns;

BUT

TheCHAR ACTERS of the Principal Person*
at the Several COURTS.

VOL. III.
LONDON:
Printed for Daniel Browne, at the Black Swan,
without Temple-Bar ; and JohnBrindley, at
the King's- Arms, in New Bond-Jlreet.
M.Dcc.xxxvm.

(iii)

THE

PREFACE, By the Translator.

THE Baron de Pollnitz'j Account
of his Travels, and of the Objer-
vations he made wherever he came,
both of Perfons and Things, has
hadfuch a Run in Foreign Parts, that the
Bookjeller at Amfter 'dam, who firjl printed it
in three Volumes in 1 2m°, foon after publijhed
a fecond Edition of it in four Volumes, and
has now printed a third Edition in five Vo
lumes. 'The three firjl Volumes, which are thofe
that are tranjlated in our firjl and fecondr
he calls Letters ; and to the fourth and fifth
he has given the Title of Memoirs, which is
that we have chofefor our Tranjlation of the
Whole. It happens that thefe two New Volumes
were written by our Author before the fir ft
A % and

iv The PREFACE.
andfecond that were tranjlated and fubliJUd
lafl Year; but why they were not' aljo printed
before the others, is thus accounted for by M.
Changuion the Bookfeller at Amfterdam, in
his Preface to the Original of thefe Memoirs,
viz. ' The Author, when at Paris, fold the Co-
c py to a Perfon, who fold it again to a Book-
1 feller in Holland ; and' the latter was a&u-
* ally going' t& 'print it when he heard that' I
1 was jufi ready to publijh the Letters of the
* Baron de Pollni-tz, [the fame that are the
SubjeSl of our two fir fl Volumes). ' The Titlt-
' Pages of the one and the other hadfiich
1 a Refemblance, that the. Bookfeller in HoL
' land, who furchasrd the Copy, of which
1 thefe two additional Volumes are a Tran/Ia^
f tion, imagihrd it to be the fame with the,
1 other, and laid the MS. by. But not long
1 after this, he took it into his head to re*-
* view it, and by comparing it with the for*
* mer Volumes, he found this a quite d-iff'e-
' rent Treatife. He Jaw, that it not only
1 contain da Hijlory of the Author's Life and
' Family, but an Account of Jtveral Courts
* and Courtiers of Europe, very eircumfianJ
1 tial, and altogether n'ew ; and that here
e was a R.elation ofjeveral Travels of our
* Author, that to- Spain in particular, of
' which there's not a Word in the former Vo~
1 lumes; injh'ort, that this Copy of- his was-
' the Accountcf the Baron s firfl: Travels^ «»- •
'-tecedent to thofe already publijh' d.' Upon

The PREFACE. v
Upon hi&communicating . this .Di/eovery?, to
M. Changuion , -the latter ^bargairtd . with
him for it, and has jifi published it in Hol
land, as a^Sequel to the former .Volumes, tho*
if he had had the MS. Jooner, ?he would un
doubtedly have given it the Preference.
At the -End of the lafi Volume ytkere is a
Tranjlation of a remarkable 'Piece Jrom the
Italian Original, which is the Confeffion of
Faith made by the Baron de Pollnitz, and
his Motives for changing his Religion.
The J'aid Bookfeller thinks, that the Au
thor {tho' he hasfince abjurd the Romiihyor
/foProteftant Religion, as may befeen in our
Preface to the firfi Volume) .will not be angry
with him for publijhing that Piece, becaufe.
it hasjuch a tendency to confute the mali
cious Infinuations which he complains of in
his Memoirs, and proves, that if he did
not then embrace the True Religion, he
took the Pains however to examine it.
On the other hand, the Publication of this
ample Confeffion will demonfirate to all
Catholics, that whatjbever Arguments they
employ againfl Chrifiians of the Proteftant
Communions, the latter are not afraid to
let them fee the Light.
. To conclude ; tho'Jome Places are here and
there mention' d in theje Volumes, which are
alfo to be found in the Two Firfi, and with
that Conformity indeed betwixt them, which
the Truth unavoidably demanded; yet 'tis
pro-
2

vi The P R E F A C ]E.
proper to objerve, that the Dejcriptions are
fometinies more copious, the Reflections almojl
every where different ; and that in both
there is an agreeable Variety and Viva
city which we fiatter our felves will not
fail to recommend Thefe to the fame good Ac
ceptance from the Public, with which it has
favor d the former Volumes.

ME-

MEMOIRS O F T H E
Baron de P o l l n i t z.

Vol. III.

To Madame de * * * *
TH E Family I am defcended from was
originally of Thuringia. My Grand
father, after having turn'd Proteftant,
came and fettled in the Electorate of
Brandenburg, where he was kindly receiv'd, and
advanc'd to the chief Employments by the E-
lector Frederic-William, who made him Matter
oftheHorfe, Minifter of State, Chamberlain,
Major-General, Colonel of his Guards, and Com
mandant at Berlin. His Brother who came alono-
with him had alfo a fhare of his Favor ; for he
was made Colonel of a Regiment of Horfe, Lieu
tenant-General, and Governor of Lipftadt! They
both married, but the only one that left Male
Iflue was my Grandfather, ' who by Eleonora of
Najfau, Daughter to Prince Maurice of Orange
had two Sons, and two Daughters. Thishowever
Vol. III. B prov>d

2 Memoirs, &*c.
prov'd a very unfuitable Match ; for my Grand
mother was imperious, frugal, and jealous, where
as her Hufband was extravagant, and an Admirer
of the Fair Sex : which Tempers fo oppofite to
each other created a Mifunderftanding between
them, that amounted almoft to a ftaunch Hatred.
Yet my Grandfather, fome time before he died,
fettled all his Eftate ' upon her, repented of the
Vexation he had given her, and he thought this
Generofity of his would have made her eafy, but
it only render'd her the more impatient to be a
Widow, infomuch that fhe had not the Com-
plaifance to conceal it from him ; and the very
laft Words he liv'd to hear her pronounce, were
neither comforting nor Chriftian.
Soon after the Death of my Grandfather my
Uncle died, who was my Father's own Brother.
The only Iffue he left was a Daughter, who was
chief Maid of Honour to the Queen Sophia Char
lotte, whofe Bounties to her render'd her a Per-
fon of no fmall Note in Germany.
My Father married the Daughter of Baron
D....... by whom he had my Brother in 1690.
I was born thirteen Months after him, viz. the
2 5th of February 1692, at IJfouin, a Village in
the Electorate of Cologn, where my Father then
lay with his Regiment in Winter-Quarters. The
Eleetorefs was my God-mother, and I was
chriften'd Charles-Lewis. Before I was full two
years of Age I had the misfortune to lofe my
Father, who died at Maeftricht, and left my Mo
ther a Widow with three Children, and a very
Jittle Eftate to maintain us. My Grandmother,
who, as I had faid before, had all my Grand
father's Eftate, was fo extremely penurious, that
fhe had not the heart to part with any of it to
my"Mother, whbfe Situation would have been very

Court ^/"Prussia. 3
very melancholy had it not been for the Gene
rofity of the King, (at that time only Elector : )
This Prince fent for her back to Berlin, and gave
her a Penfion ; and in a little time after, my Re
lations help'd her to another Hufband, via. M, de
M. . . Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs* who
tho' he died at the end of ten Months left her fo
warm a Widow, that fhe might very well pafs
for one of the beft Fortuhes at Court ; and then
fhe threw up her Penfion, rather than keep it to
the prejudice of other Perfons that flood more in
need of it, which fhe thought was an Abufe of
the Elector's Bounty.
My Mother's Fondhefs for me would not fuffer
her to part with me, fo that I was brought up
under her Wing, and at a Court which was at that
time the moft fplendid in Germany.
Frederic-William, when he died, left five Prin
ces, viz. the Elector, whom he had by Louifd-
•Henrietta of Naffau Prihcefs of Orange ; and the
Margraves Charles, Philip, Albert, and Chrijliani
by Dorothy Princefs of Holftein, Dowager of
the Duke of Zell. Thefe Princes, at an Age
more proper for Pleafure than Bufinefs, ftu-
died how to be moft agreeable. Being frank and
generous they adorn'd the Court, even more by
their perfonal Qualities than by their Magnifi-.
cence ; and the Elector himfelf contributed to
the fplendor of it, by giving frequent Feafts, tho'
he was reproach'd with being too much addicted
to them, too fcrupulous in the Ceremonies he re-
quir'd to be obferv'd at them; and more expensive
in them than elegant. Neverthelefs, this is what
ftrikes Foreigners more than anything; and 'tis
Entertainments of this kind that give a Court
its fulleft Luftre. The true Ornament of ours Was
B 2 the

4 The Court of
the Electorefs, Daughter of Erneft Auguftus, E-
lector of Hanover, and Sifter to George I. King
of England. Our Elector, after burying his fifft
Wife the Princefs of Hejje, marry'd his fecond
on the 28 th of September 1684, when he was
only the Electoral Prince. The latter Princefs,
from what Ljneage foever Heaven had fent
her, had Qualities that would have procur'd her
refpect : Her Beauty was regular, and tho' fhe
was but little in ftature, her Air was majeftic.
She fpoke all the Languages of Europe that are
in prefent ufe, with eafe, and was fo good as
to converfe with all Foreigners in their own
Tongue. She underftood Hiftory, Natural
Philofophy, and Divinity ; but with Knowledge
fo extenfive, fhe was extremely careful to avoid
the reputation of being Learned. As fond as fhe
was of Reading, fhe was not an enemy to Plea-
fures. She lov'd Mufic, Dancing, and Plays •,
and by her command, Comedies were often re-
prefented, in which fometimes fhe did not dif-
dain to be an Actrefs. Her regard for all who
excel I'd in any Art drew them to her Court, in
which Politenefs bore fway, as much as in any
other Court of Europe. Of all things in the
world fhe had nothing near fo much at heart as
the Education of her Son the Electoral Princf,
whom fhe lovM tenderly, and omitted nothing
to infpire him with all the Ideas- that might here
after render him as exalted in Sentiments as he
was to be in Power : And the young Prince on
his part feem'd to make a fuitable return for the
Princefs's care of him.
While the Court was thus addicted to Plea-
fures and Feaftings, they gave themfelves little or
no trouble about the Affairs of Government ; fo
that Dankelman the Prime Minifter bore the
weight

Prussia. 5
weight of all. He had then the Elector's intire
Confidence, and fo abfolute an afcendant over
his mind, that he was fuppos'd to be perfectly fe-
. cure againft the difgraces to which Favorites are
commonly expos'd. The Favor he flood in,
was owing to the moft important Service that
'tis poffible for a Subject to render to his So
vereign : For one day when this Prince (as yet
only the Prince Electoral) was drinking Coffee
with his Mother-in-law the Electorefs, he was
taken fo ill on a fudden that he was oblig'd to re
tire to his Apartment, where he was feiz'd with
Convulfions which threaten'd his Life. It hap-
pen'd that Dankelman then the Secretary of his
Difpatches was the only Perfon at hand, to relieve
him : He open*d a Box in which there were cer
tain Antidotes, and having given him feveral
Dofes, for want of a Surgeon and a Lancet he
open'd a Vein with a Penknife ; and his manage
ment was attended with fuch good fuccefs, that
the Prince,, after having had a hearty Vomit,
found himfelf quite out of danger.
An Event of this nature could not but make a
great Noife : The Vulgar efpecially, who are fond
of nothing fo much as what is extraordinary,
thought that the Prince's Indifpofition did not
proceed from a natural Caufe, but imagin'd that
the Eledtorefs's tendernefs for the Margraves her
Sons was reafon good enough to fufpect that fhe
wanted to get rid of the Prince her Son-in-law,
which was to be fure the fhorteft way to let them
into the Succeffion. The Electoral Prince's re
treat to the Court of the Landgrave of Hejfe-
Cajj'el feem*d to give a Sanction alfo to a Sufpicion
of that fort. But be this as it will, the Prince
ftay'd there feveral years, during which he mar
ried the Landgrave's Sifter, by whom he had
B 3 on

6 7%e Court of
Only one Daughter, who marry'd in 1700, to
the Hereditary Prince of Hejfe, now King of
Sweden. Dankelman was artful enough to make his ad
vantage of this happy Incident of having fav'd
his Matter's Life : He ftuck clofer to him than
ever ; and that grateful Prince, as foon he came
to the Electoral Dignity, made him his prime
Minifter, and confer'd all the marks of Friend-
fhip on him, that 'tis poffible for any Subject to
afpire to ; infomuch that Dankelman giving the
Elector to underftand one day, that he fear'd his
Favour would be of no long duration, this
Prince was fo good-natur'd, or fo weak, as to
fortify him as far as was in the power of the moft
folemn Oaths *. Dankelman was fo credulous as
to truft to thofe Proteftations •, and forgetting that
the moft folid Friendfhip of Princes cannot be
proof againft their Inconftancy or Caprice, he
thought himfelf above the reach of Fate, and be-
hav'd like a Man that had nothing to fear. But
the little care he took to gain People's Love, and
the ever-odious Titles of Minifter and Favourite,
made him foon hated by the whole Court. The
Elector himfelf began by degrees to be out of
conceit with him •, for their Tempers were incom
patible ; the Minifter being Covetous, and the
Prince a Man of Pomp and Expence ; and he
was fo perpetually teaz'd with theRemonftrances
of Dankelman, that he hated him in his heart long
before he durft make it appear. The Minifter
too much elated with his Favour, and not fo
careful to pleafe his Matter as to cenfure his Ac
tions,
« See Vol. I. of the Letters, fag. \6. a remarkable Paf-
fage relating to this Paft, together with this Minifter's
Character and Death.

Prussia. 7
tions, thought himfelf able to preferve the fame
afcendant over him, or at leaft, did not think the
Elector would ever offer to ruin him ; which
Confidence of his hinder'd him from parrying the
Thrufts that were made at him in fecret -, fq that
he was arretted at midnight in his own Houfe,
and carry'd to Spandaw in one of the Elector's
Coaches, under a Guard of twenty Men.
His being fo fuddenly difgrac'd was matter of
furprize to every body, but of concern to few.
'Twas obferv'd that on the very day wherein
Dankelman was arretted, the Elector fpoke to
him fo kindly in prefence of the whole Court,
that thofe of the niceft penetration little thought
his Fall to be fo near. Indeed, every body had
Jong before endeavour'd, or wifh'd for an oppor
tunity to trip up his heels ; and the natural In-
conftancy of the Elector to his Favorites, and
this Minifter's want of complaifance to the Elec
tor, made it very probable that he would quick
ly be tumbled" from that Summit of Favor, on
which he thought himfelf fo fure of keeping his
Hold ; there wanted only a more fpecious pre
text to remove a Man from Court, who had all
along feem'd to aim at nothing but the welfare
of the Government ; and fuch a one naturally
prefented itfelf in the affair of the Duchy of
Limbourg. This Duchy had been mortgaged by Spain, . as
Security for confiderable Sums which were owing
by that Crown to the Elector, who in confequence
put his Troops to quarter there for the Winter.
The Dutch, to whom Spain was a Debtor in like
manner, would gladly alfo have had that Duchy
made over to them, as Security for their Debt ;
which not being to be done without the evacua
tion of our Troops, the matter was propos'd to
B 4 Dankelman,

8 Ihe Court of
Dankelman, who, whether he was furpriz'd, or
brib'd, gave, his confent to it. This was imputed
to him as a Crime of State the more heinous,
becaufe Spain being at that time ready to conclude
a Peace with France, in purfuance of the Treaty
pf Ryfwic, was very indifferent as to complying
with the Demands of the Elector. To this the
Minifter fell a Sacrifice, but by good luck for
him he had remitted feveral Sums to Foreign
Countries, fo that his difgrace was the lighter ;
which moreover had this Angularity in it, that
neither of his three Brothers nor any of his Crea
tures had a fhare in it, but were all continued in
their Employments ; and all the alteration that
happen'd^ was, that the Count de Barfous, then a
Veldt-Marfhal, perform'd for fome time the
Functions of the Prime Minifter.
\n the mean time another Idol of Fortune rofe
upon the ruin of Dankelman. This was John
Cajimir de Kolbe, a Gentleman originally of the
Palatinate : His firft appearance at'Court was in
the time of Frederic-William the Great, in the
retinue of the Princefs Palatine de Simmeren,
Sifter of the firft Electorefs, who having defir'd
ifhe Elector to give Kolbe fome' Employment •„
he made him a Privy-Counfellor, but gave him
liberty to attend the Princefs as much as ever,
who was fo good to him that fhe was reproach'd
with caring for no body elle. He went with her
into the Palatinate, where that Princefs died foon
after, and then Kolbe return'd to Court, where he
Was a meer Stranger, without Relations, Acquain
tance of Protection ; and 'twas a long time before
any the le.ift notice was taken of him. But after
the death of Frederic-lVilliam, he made his Court
to Freda jj his Son who fucceeded him, and to
Ippnkelmdn his Minifter. Being always humble, and

Prussia. 9
and a Flatterer into the bargain, he quickly
gain'd their Friendfhip by his Affiduity, and by
his ftudy'd Affectation not to meddle or make
in any Affairs. Dankelman, as crafty a Man
as he was, did not perceive the Snare, but con
tributed moft of all to his Favor, thinking all the
while that he was promoting a Creature from
whom he had nothing to fear. But Kolbe no
fooner perceiv'd the Elector's Coldnefs to his Mi
nifter than he refolv'd to make his Advantage
of it. He did not alter his Meafures immedi
ately, but feeming to have as little Concern in
Affairs as ever, his only Aim was to feed and pro
pagate the ill Humors which the Elector was
often in with his Favorite. This Prince was
jnconftant, fufpicious and choleric ; and when
thofe three Paffions were ftirr'd up and mana
ged, he was to be perfuaded to any thing. Kolbe
who* for a. long time had made his Temper his
only Study, plainly perceiv'd his Foible, artfully
wrought upon it, and in the fequel made it fub-
fervient to the Accomplifhment of his Defigns.
He foon attain'd to the higheft Degree of Fa
vor ; the Elector made him his Great Cham
berlain and Firft Minifter ; all the Court was ob-
lig'd to truckle to him ; and as it always hap
pens in the Changes of Government, the Mini
fter in Difgrace was regretted. Indeed Kolbe did
not want for perfonal Qualities enough to make
him belov'd ; but the worft on't was, they were
eciips'd by an aftonifhing Fondnefs for his Wife,
to whom he was fo blindly complaifant, that all
the good People at Court defpis'd and hated
him. This Lady has play'd fo extraordinary a Part
in the World, that I can't avoid giving you fome
Account of her Origin and Character, Her Fa
ther,

10 The Court of
ther, one Rickers, was a Bargeman at Emmerick, a
Town in the Duchy of Cleves, where for bet
ter Subfiftance he kept a fort of Tavern. He had
two Daughters, who pafs'd for fine Women, that
brought a good deal of Company to his Houfe,
and in a Journey which the Elector made to Cleves,
Bidekan his Valet de Chambre fell in love with
the eldeft, the Lady I am fpeaking of, marry'd
her and took her with him to Berlin, where fhe
fell fo paffionately in love with Kolbe, that af
ter having been his Miftrefs in her Hufband's
Life-time, he was hardly cold in his Grave but
fhe became his Wife. The Wedding was kept
at the Houfe of one Commeffer, another of the E-
lector's Valets de Chambre, where that Prince
was prefent, with feven or eight Perfons in his
Company •, and from that very Juncture he be
gan to fhew fuch great Marks of Complaifance
to the Lady, that feveral People thought 'fhe
ow'd them to fomething more than to the Friend-
fhip he had for his Favorite. Neverthelefs I
am very well perfuaded they weremiftaken; and
I remember, that when I was Gentleman of the
Bed-chamber to the Elector, he faid to me in
one of his ill Humors with his Favorite and his
Wife (and in thefe. fort of Pets he was not capable
of diffembling) I know the Notion that prevails
of my beir.g under certain "Tyes to KolbeV lady,
but there is nothing in it ; and the Wrong is
greater to me than to her. For really was it not
enough for a Woman of fuch mean Extraction,
Parts and Beauty too, to be the Wife of a Mini
fter, but fhe mutt alfo be ambitious to be the
Miftrefs of aSovereign ? Yet it mutt be confefs'd,
that whether it was meer Humor, or a weak At
tachment to the Favorite, the Elector heap'd
Wealth and Honors upon this Lady, infomuch
that nothing would ferve him but fhe mutt be ad
mitted
3

A

Prussia. ii
mitted to the Electorefs's Circle, who at that
time indeed obftinately refus'd it ; for who is
there would not have been difgutted to have feen
the Daughter of Rickers the Bargeman mixing
with Ladies of Quality that had a Right to be
in the Circle ? However, fome time after, the
Electorefs was oblig'd to wave all the Pleas of De
corum, for the fake of the Need fhe flood in of
the Great Chamberlain ; and his Wife had the
Honor of the Circle.
The fame Year that Kolbe was declared Prime
Minifter, the Emperor made him a Count of the
Empire. He then chang'd his Name for that
of Count de Wartemberg, which was the Name of
a ruinous Caftle that he had in the Palatinate.
His Lady, when fhe became a Countefs, had a
mind that her Children by her firft Marriage fhould
be promoted to the Dignity of Barons *, and they
were accordingly call'd Barons ofAJbach. But thefe
new Titles of the Count and Barons compleatly
turn'd the Head of Madame de Wartemberg, and
fhe was every day guilty of Extravagancies which
were difgufting and ridiculous.
Such, Madame, was the State of our Court in
my early years. It began to fhew its Superiority
over almoft all the Courts of Germany, by the In-
fluenceit had upon the Affairs of Europe: But that
which added new Luftre to it, was the erecting
the Duchy of Pruffia into a Kingdom. The
firft Hint of this was given by France to Frederic-
William ; but that Elector, whether it was owing
to fome Obftacles that he forefaw, or to the little
Advantage he thought to reap from it, was
not willing to put the Project in execution. His
Son too perhaps would have mifcarried in it,
had it not been for the Situation of Affairs in
Europe, on account of the Spanijh Succefficn.
Kolbe, whom I fhall hereafter call the Count of
Wartemberg,

1 2 The Court of

Wartemberg, had all the Honour of this Event,
becaufe it happen'd in his Miniftry. I had fome
Particulars,. Madame, from his own Mouth,
which I think important enough to have a place
in thefe Memoirs. The Affair is moreover fo
weighty of it felf that I fhall trace it from its
very beginning.
Great Events commonly have their Source in
Trifles. This was owing to nothing more than the
Refufal of the Prince of Orange, who was King
of England, to give an Arm-Chair to the Elector
in a Conference betwixt thofe two Princes at the
Hague in 1695. The Elector cou'd not bear
that the Prince of Orange, who had always been
his Inferior, fhou'd carry it to him in fuch a lofty
manner, after Fortune had rais'd him to the
Throne of England ; and from that time he re-
folved to be a King too.
Dankelman the then Prime Minifter, who
cou'd not forefee the Situation that Europe was
in fome Years after, would fain have diverted
the Elector from a Project which he thought a
perfect Chimaera •, he put him in mind of the
Difficulties Frederic-William met with in it, and
of the Reafons he had to refufe the Offers which
France made to him on that head •, he fhew'd
him that . the fame Reafons were ftill fubfifting,
and reinforced by yet greater Difficukies •, and
that it was Madnefs to attempt a Thing, the Suc-
cefs whereof was neither certain nor advantageous,
his Rank being fo near a-kin to Royalty, that he
would be never the better for the. Title. But the
Elector had the refufal of the Arm-chair too
much at heart to hearken to any Reafons that
could be brought againft his Defign, and fent
Dankelman, his Minifter^s Brother, to Vienna, to

Prussia. 13
to impart to the Emperor the Scheme which he
had form'd to erect Pruffia into a Kingdom.
Pruffia, which is a Province detach'd from
Poland, formerly belong'd to the Lithuanians.,
from whom it was conquer'd by the teutonic
Order. Albert Margrave of Brandenburg, the
Grand Matter of the faid Order, who had mar-
ry'd Dorothy, Daughter of Frederic I. King of
Denmark^ took it from thofe Knights in 1 5 1 1,
and made himfelf Matter of it. This engaged
him in a War with Sigifmond I. King of Poland,
his Uncle by the Mother's fide, who had Pre
tentions upon the faid Province ; which War
continu'd five Years, till it was concluded by a
Treaty, whereby it was ftipulated, That the
Eaftern Pruffia fhou'd remain hereditary with the
Title of a Duchy to Albert, who, together with his
Defcendants fhou'd perform Allegiance and Ho
mage for it to tlje King and Republic of Poland,
to which it was to revert on the failure of Iffue
Male in the Family of Albert.
The Emperor Charles V. oppos'd this Tranf-
action, by pretending that Pruffia was a Fief of
the Empire ; and that therefore Sigifmond had
no Right to difpofe of it. The Imperial Decree
which was pafs'd upon this Occafion, had how
ever no Effect, by reafbn of the Wars which
the Emperor was at that time engag'd in, and
Albert remain'd in peaceable Poffeffion oi Pruffia.
He was fucceeded by his only Son Albert-Frede
ric, who receiv'd the Inveftiture of it from
the King of Poland, for himfelf and his Coufin-
Germans in 1569. This Prince dying without
Iffue, John Sigifmond Elector of Brandenburg
fucceeded him, and again receiv'd the Inveftiture
of it from the King of Poland, for himfelf and
his three Brothers. Since that time the Duchy of

14 The Court of
of Pruffia has always been in the Brandenburg
Family from Father to Son ; but the Elector Fre
deric-William the Great, having made War upon
Charles-Gujiavus King of Sweden, in favour of
the Crown and Republic of Poland, the Sove
reignty of Pruffia was, in Acknowledgment
thereof, yielded to him, for himfelf and all his
Male Descendants, by the Treaty of Bydgqft in
i659- . . .
By virtue of this Treaty, the Elector claim'd
that Pruffia depended on no other Power ; and
Vhat he held it immediately by Divine Right ;
and upon this Plea he thought himfelf authoriz'd
to be declar'd King. But before he took this
Step, it was neceffary to fecure the Confent of a
Part, at leaft, of the Princes of the Empire. As
the Emperor's Confent was not only the moft
important, but the moft difficult to obtain, the
whole ftrefs of the Negociation lay almoft at the
Court of Vienna.
When Dankelman arriv'd there, he did not
^find the Court in a Temper to grant it. The
auguft Title of a King conferr'd upon an Elector
was at firft thought to be prejudicial to the Im
perial Authority, and it was look'd upon as ex-
pofing of that Dignity to acquiefce in the E-
Jector's Demand before they had at leaft felt the
Pulfes of the Generality of the Princes of Eu
rope, and efpecially thofe of the Empire. 'Twas
but reafonable to imagine the Pope would op-
pofe it ftrenuoufly upon the fcore of the Pro-
teftant Religion, which by the Elector's Advance
ment might gather frefh Strength. All Kings in
general were interefted not to fuffer an Inftance
which had a feeming Tendency to authorize e-
very Prince to take the fame Step, on the fingle
Pretence of being poffefs'd of a Bit of Land, and
43 holding

Pru s s i a. 15
holding it of no Power but God. But the Per-
fons from whom the greateft Objections were
expected, were the Electors •, and indeed they
had reafon to fear, 1 . That when the Elector of
Brandenburg came to be a King, he wou'd no
longer look upon them as his Equals, but wou'd
claim certain Diftinctions from them in the Em
pire and in the Dyets. 2. That he would with
draw the Dominions of his Electorate from the
Obedience of the Empire, and from the Laws
to which all the other Electors were fubject. This
Article was of the utmoft confequence to them,
efpecially with regard to the Contingent they are
oblig'd to furnifh towards Wars which concern
the Empire, and which are the more burthenfome,
the fewer Heads they fall upon.
Thefe being then the Notions of the Court of
Vienna, Dankelman had no great Hopes of fuc-
ceeding in his Negociation. Neverthelefs the
Court always took care to keep fair with the E-
lector, whom they look'd upon as an Ally that
was well worth preferving ; and perhaps they-
flatter'd themfelves they fhould get more by Pro-
mifes and Expectations than by granting him
his Demand.
The Death of John Sobiefki King of Poland,
which happen'd on the 17th of June 1696,
was another Inducement to the Emperor to pur-
fue the fame Politics. The Elector of Bran
denburg by having Pruffiam his Neighbourhood,
might be of great Weight in the Election of a
new King of Poland ; and the Emperor who had
a Defignto advance the Margrave Lewis of Baden
to the Throne, pretended to enter into the Views
of the Elector, that this Prince might afterwards
fall in with his at the Dyet of Election. For this
end the Emperor's Ministers gave Dankelman to
underftand,

1 6 The Court of
underftand, that the firft thing to be done was
to clear the Difficulties which the feveral Powers
of Europe might raife againft the Elector's Pro
ject ; and that the Congrefs of Ryfwic, at' which
all the Minifters were to be prefent, was the moft
favourable Opportunity.
Hereupon Dankelman was recall'd from the
Court of Vienna, and fent to Ryfwic as Plenipo
tentiary from the Elector, jointly with M. de
Schmettau. The Elector for his part fet out for
Konigfoerg, the Capital of Pruffia, that he might
be nearer at hand to favor the Election of the
Margrave Lewis of Baden. Mean time he was
ftrenuoufly follicited in favor of Alexander and
Conftantine Princes of Poland, who for that rea
fon came themfelves to Berlin; but the Elector was
far from breaking the fecret Engagements which
he had made with the Emperor : Therefore he
anfwer'd the Solicitations of thofe two Princes-
in a very ambiguous manner by engaging him
felf to nothing, and only telling them that he
was going into Pruffia that he might be the bet
ter inform'd of every thing that pafs'd at the
Dyet of Election.
The Neceffity which the Elector flood in of
Poland to fucceed in his Views, laid him under
an indifpenfible Obligation to concern himfelf in
that Election . He fully expected that t he Right
which the faid Republic claim'd to Pruffia wou'd
induce it to oppofe his Defigns with Vigor ;
and befides, under the Pretext of intereftinghim-
felf in the Election of a King, he might form a
Party that hereafter would be capable to ferve
him ; therefore, as foon as he arriv'd at Konigs-
berg, hedifpatch'd a Meffenger to the Cardi
nal Radziowfky Primate of Poland, to acquaint
him of his Arrival, and fent M. Dorerbeck Greag

P R V S S I A. 1J
Gxeat Cup-bearer . of Pruffia as his Ambaflador
to the Dyet of Election, with Orders to fupport
thelnterefts of the Margrave Lewis of Baden, but
in the mean time to do nothing that might dif-
oblige the Poles.
The Margrave Lewis of Baden was foon. out
of the Queftion ; for the two ftrongeft Parties
oblig'd him to retire, as well as the other Com
petitors for the Crown. Thefe two Parties were
the one for Frederic- Auguftus Elector of Saxony,
and the other for the Prince of Conti. The
Cardinal Primate favor'd the latter, and France
feem'd to have his Election very much at heart ;
yet Frederic-Augujius's Party carried it, and he
was proclaim'd King.
The Cardinal Primate was ftill obftinate fcr
the Prince of Conti, and actually fent one of his
near Relations to the Elector to follicit him in
his Favor; but the Elector, who thought the E-
lector of Saxony's Party the moft fubftantial and
the moft powerful, did not fcruple to own him'
for King, and return'd for Arifwer to the Cardi
nal, That he advis'd him, as the Chief Paftor of
Poland, to maintain Peace in his Flock, and to
fubmit to the -Elector of Saxony. Neverthelefs
the Primate flood out ftifffy, and form'd a Party
in Poland, confiderable enough to give the new
King Uneafinefs. The Elector ftill perfevering
in his Views to make himfelf neceflary to Poland,
return'd next year to Konigfberg, in hopes of ap
pealing the Difturbances rais'd there by the two
different Parties. Kolbe, who was not yet Count
of Wartemberg, but only Great Chamberlain, made
a Journey to Warfaw for this purpofe, on the
part of the Elector, and complimented the King
on his Acceflion to the Crown. The King in
his Turn fent the Count de Bilinfky Great Cham-
Vol. III. C berlain.

1 8 The Court of
berlain of the Crown to the Elector, to
compliment him on his Arrival at Konrgfiergi
and there to negociate an Interview betwixt
them. The Elector wifn'd for it too hear
tily to refufe it, and Fredericjhoff, one of his
Pleafure-houfes, was chofe for the place of Meet
ing. There every thing pafs'd, as is common
upon thofe Occafions ; a great deal of Bufinefs
was talk'd of, and referr'd to the Minifters for
Conclufion. The two Princes made each other1
magnificent Prefents, and exchang'd all the To
kens of the fincereft Friendfhip. This Union
feem'd ftill increafing by the Sale which the King
of Poland made this year, to the Elector of the
Fee for protecting the Abbey -Town of Quedlim-
hourg, which no Elector of Saxony would ever
part with before, whatfoever Inftances were made
to them by the Family of Brandenburg. The
Elector had lefs Reafon than any of his Prede-
ceflbrs to hope for Succefs in this Affair. Po
land, befides the Pleas of Intereft* had others of
Refentment ; and this Prince's Conduct in the
affair of Elbing bid fair to fet the King and the
Elector at variance. The Difpute was about a
Demand of 400,000 Crowns which the Elector
made upon Poland, for the Expences of the War,
which his Father, Frederic-William the Great,
had carry'd on in favor of the Republic againft
Charles XI. King of Sweden. The King of Po
land in the Interview at Fredericfhoff had pro-
mis'd to perfuade the Republic to pay that Sum*
The Elector whofe Patience was worn out in
Expectation of the Performance, notwithftanding
the many Reafons he had to keep fair with Po
land, caufed the City of Elbing^ which had been
mortgag'd to him for that Sum, to be inverted.
AndM. de Brantz, my Uncle, who was Lieu
tenant-

Prussia. 19
tenant-General, was fent upon this Expedition
at the Head of a Body of 12000 Men.
The Poles no fooner heard of it but they made
a very great Clamor, and the King complain'd
loudly of the Elector's Proceeding, who being,
faid he, his Coufin, his Friend, and Ally, ought
"to have had more Regard for him. 'Twas at
leaft after this manner that he exprefs'd himfelf
in the Circular Letters, which he wrote to aflemble
the Nobility of Poland. But the Elector went
on ftill his own way, and the City of Elbing
was taken before the Poles had fo much as a
Thought of defending it. As foon as the King
of Poland was told of it, he ordered the Elec
tor's Refident to depart the City of Thorn in
24 Hours, and the Kingdom without Delay.
M. de Reitwitz, Envoy of Poland to the Elec
tor, fearing the fame Treatment, was abfent from
Court for a Fortnight ; but return'd then,
caufing his Appearance to be notify'd to the
Minifters, not as Envoy from the King of Po
land, but as Envoy from the Elector of Saxo:iy.
By this piece of Management 'tis plain that the
King of Poland did not take the Affair of Elbing
fo much to heart as he feem'd to do ; and fome
time after the Matter was accommodated ; the
Elector confenting to lofe one fourth of the Debt,
and the Poles promifing to pay the reft at the
Expiration of three Months, and depofiting their
King's Crown for Security. The Elector on his
part reftor'd Elbing, on condition neverthelefs,
that he fhould have it again at the three Month's
end, if the 300,000 Crowns were not then paid.
This Affair has ever fince remain'd infiatu quo:
The Poles are ftill Debtors for that Sum, and the
Elector contents himfelf with detaining the
Crown, which is ftill at Berlin^ in the Gallery
C 2 over

zo The Court of
. over the great Stables, where 'tis kept in a Cafe^
feal'd with the Seal of the Kingdom of Poland*
¦;' Mean time the Peace of Ryfwic was juft fign'd,
.and fooner than expected, by reafon France re
ceded from feveral Pretentions ; which every
body knows fhe was induc'd to do from the
View fhe had at that time to the Spanifh Succef-
fion, and to that end it was abfolutely necefiary
. for her to make a Peace with that Power and to
difarm the Allies. ConfequentlyMeflieurs.DrfwM-
man and Schmettau had no time to ptrih the Ne-
gociation of the Affair of Pruffia any farther;
neverthelefs they acted with the Dutch to fome
purpofe. The Elector had fent Barthqldi to Vienna in
the place of Dankelman, and M. Blafpiel to Duf-
Jeldorff to the Elector Palatine, whom he thought
proper to treat with extraordinary Regard, as
well upon his own Account, as with relation to
the Emprefs his Sifter who had a very great Af-
cendant over the Emperor.
Bartholdi when he arriv'd at Vienna found the
Court in the very fame Difpofition as it was in
the time of Dankelman. There was a great fhew
of Good-will, but no Advance made ; for the
Emperor's Minifters were never at -a lofs for a
Reafon to defer coming to the Point. The Re
public ofPtf/Wfurnifh'd very cogent ones too,
by the Proteftations it made againft every Step
taken towards erecting Pruffia into a Kingdom,
on pretence that it formerly belong'd to the
Republic, and that the Poles only fuftVd it to
fall to the Houfe of Brandenburg, on condition
of its reverting to them on the Failure of Iffue
Male in that Family. The Emperor faid he could
not help having Regard to thofeProteftations, the
Alliance which he had been in for a long time
with

Prussia. 21
with the Republic being' become -much firmer
fince the raifing the Siege of Vienna, when John
Sobiefky at the Head of the Poles fo effectually
reliev'd it. Bartholdi being difhearten'd with all
thefe Delays,, began to defpair of the Succefs of
the Negociation. He flatter'd "himfelf for a
while that the languifhing State of Charles II.
King of Spain ',. which prefag'd his approaching
Death, and the cruel War between the Houfes of
Auftria and Bourbon, on account, of the Spanifh
Succeffion, would promote the Succefs of his Mar
fter's Defigns; and that the State Policy which
at that Juncture obligM the Emperor to ftrengthen
himfelf with Allies, would make him xhufe to
retain in his Party a Prince fo powerful and fo
neceffary to his Interefts as the Elector. But
Bartholdi was deceiv'd ; and whether the Court
of Vienna flattered itfelf that the Elector wou'd
never venture to take the part of France, or whe^-
ther they thought it more nearly concerned them
to humor the Powers that oppos'd the Elector's
Views, they had always fome frefh Pretence or
other, to trump up.
Bartholdi cou'd not avoid giving an Account
to the Elector his Mafler of what he thought of
thefe continual Delays, and he told him there
was no manner of Reafon to hope that the Em
peror would recognize him for King before he
was fureof the Confent of the Pope, and of all
the Princes of the Empire; that it was eafy to
fee this was only a civil Excufe that the Empe
ror made ufe of for his Refufal, rather than to
make him his Enemy ; and that the Cafe was
really fo defperate, that he knew of but one Stra
tagem to make ufe of before he retir'd ; and that
was that he. fhou'd write with his own Hand to
the Prince of***, who, faid Bartholdi, was the
C 3 onl^

22 The Court of
only Perfon in the World to induce the Emperor
to be more favorable. His Difpatch was written
in a Cypher, and the Secretary who decypher'd
jt, thought he met with the Name of the Empe
ror's Confeffor, inftead of that of the Prince of
***. The Elector approv'd of his. Minifter's.
Hint, and wrote immediately to the Confeffor,
who happen'd to be a Jefuit. This Reverend
Father was overjoy'd to find himfelf courted by
one of the greateft Proteftant Princes, and pro-
mifing himfelf that he fhould reap confiderable
Advantages for his Society, from the Succefs of
a Negociation which the Elector had fo much
at heart, and in which two of his moft able
Minifters had already mifcarried, he made no
fcruple to undertake it.
As foon as he began to meddle with it, it af-
fum'd a new Face ; the Court of Rome made but
a faint Opposition to it: That of Vienna being
alarmed at the News they received from the
Count de Harrach their Ambaflador at Madrid,
of the bad State of the King of Spain's Health,
and of the Spaniards Byafs for the Duke of An-
jou, became more tractable ; and the very Reafons
that Bartholdi urg'd in vain, began to be relifh'd
when they were reprefented by the Confeffor. This
Jefuit convinc'd the Emperor, that as he was
refolv'd to difpute the Succeflion to the Crown
of Spain with France, fuch an Ally as the Elec
tor would give great Weight to either of the two
Parties that he fell in with. The Confcffor's
Arguments were applauded by fome, and faint
ly rejected by others ; fo that the Father, by
craftily taking advantage of the Good-Will of
the latter, and of the Lethargy of the former,
brought the Affair of Pruffia in lefs than two
Months

PR US S I A. 23
Month's Time fo the Point of a happy Conclu-
fion. While fuch effectual Endeavors were us'd for
the Elector at the Court of Vienna, his Intereft
was as fuccefsfully manag'd with the King of
England. The Electorefs, together with her
Mother the Electorefs of Hanover, went to pay
him a Vifit at Aix la Chapelle ; and in that Inter
view, thefe two Princeffes prevailed on King Wil
liam of England to recognize the Elector of
Brandenburg for King of Pruffia, and to call the
Houfe of Hanover to the Succeffion of the Crown
of England.One particular Circumftance in this Journey
that prov'd of fuch Service to the Elector's De-
figns, and which many People look'd upon as
a politic Action, is, that it would not have been
undertaken, had it not been for the extreme
Fondnefs of Madame de Wartemberg to be ad
mitted in the Electorefs's Circle. This Princefs
upon the Intelligence fhe receiv'd that her Mo
ther the Electorefs of Hanover was going to Aix
Id Chapelle, was very defirous to go with her,
but fhe cou'd not hope to obtain the Elector's
Confent to it, nor to have Money enough with
her to bear her Expences, if the Count de War
temberg oppos'd it ; and therefore fhe charg'd
Madamoifelle de Pollnitz my Coufin to fpeak to.
him about it. The Count de Wartemberg promis'd
not only to obtain the Elector's Confent, but al
fo to give the Electorefs an Order at large to take
up any Sums of Money that fhe fhould want,
provided that Princefs would on her part only
acknowledge the Favor, by granting his Wife
the Honor of Admittance to her Circle. The
Electorefs had this Journey fo much at heart,
becaufe fhe knew it wou'd give her the Pleafure
C 4 of

24- The Court of
of feeing a Mother whom fhe tenderly lov'd,
as well as a Freedom,, for fome time at leaft, from
the Conftraint fhe was oblig'd to live in at Berlin,
that fhe cohfehted to" the Count's Demand. Ma
dame de Wartemberg was admitted to the Circle,
and all the Mortification the Electorefs gave her,
was always to talk to her in French, which being
a Language fhe did notunderftand, plainly fhew'd
the Obfcurity of the Countefs's Birth ; • for at
that Time all Perfons of any Rank or Figure
convers'd in that Language commonly at our
Court. The Electorefs's Condefcenfion upon
this Gccafion is the only thing for which fhe was
to blame ; for 'twas a Precedent which gave o-
thers Authority to defire the fame Favor ; and
to this may be faid to be owing the unequal
Matches which feveral of the Nobility made af
terwards. -
The Count de Wartemberg, in order to obtain
the Elector's Confent, gave him to underftand
that the Princefs his Confort cou'd do more than
any body to prevail with the King of England
to recognize him fpr King. This was touching
him in the moft fenfible part ; and therefore he
made no Scruple to let the Electorefs go, who
went and met her Mother at Aix la Chapelle,
and from thence they fet out afterwards for Bruf-
fels. There they ftay'd a few days, in order to
difguife the Motives of their Journey, and from
thence they Went to Loo, where the King of Eng-
- land was. They each obtain'd of the Prince
what they went "to aflc him ; the Houfe of Ha
nover was foon after call'd to the Succeflion of
the Crown of England, and the King gave his
Promife, that as foon as the Emperor had own'd
the Elector King of Pruffia, he wou'd be one of
the firft to follow his Example.
As

Prussia. 25
As foon as the News reach'd Vienna that the
King of England had promis'd to recognize the
Elector of Brandenburg King of Pruffia, the re
maining "Difficulties were foon got over ; the
Proteftations of the Republic of Poland were fu-
perfeded, and the Emperor declar'd at length
that he own'd Pruffia for a Kingdom, and the
Elector of Brandenburg for King ; on condition
however, i. That the Elector fhould never withdraw
from the Empire the Provinces of his Domi
nions thereon depending.
2. That in the Emperor's Prefence he fhould
require no other Diftinctions than thofe which he
actually enjoy'd now.
3. That his Imperial Majefty when he wrote
to him fhould only give him the Title of your
Royal Dileclion.
4. That neverthelefs his Minifters at Vienna
fhould be treated on a Par with thofe of Crown'd
Heads. 5. That the Elector fhould maintain fix thou-
fand Men in Italy at his own expence, in cafe
the Emperor fhould be oblig'd to go to War for
the Spanifh Succeflion.
6. That thofe Troops fhould remain there as
long as the War continu'd.
Thus, Madame, after tedious delays the Court
of Vienna confented at laft to the Succefs of this
great Event, which after all ow'd its caufe to the
refufal of an Arm-chair, and its iffue to the mif-
take of a Secretary. Neverthelefs it did not fail
to coft the Elector fix Millions, of which the Je-
fuits of Vienna had 200,000 Crowns to their
fhare. This agreeable News was fcarce arriv'd at Ber
lin when they heard of the Death of the King of

26 The Court of
of Spain, which happen'd the ift of November ¦*
1700. His Death was notify'd to the Elector
by M. Defalleurs, Envoy of France to our Court,
as was alfo the Will whereby the Duke of Anjou
was call'd to the Succeflion of all the late King's
Dominions. The Elector had enter'd into fuch
Engagements with the Emperor, that he could
not own him ; for which reafon the King of
France recall'd M. Defalleurs, and likewife refus'd
to acknowledge the Elector for King, who in his
turn recall'd M. Spanheim, and fent him to Eng
land with the Title of Ambaflador.
The Elector was fo urgent to be crown'd, that
he haften'd to Konigfberg, the capital City of
Pruffia, without flaying for the fine Seafon of the
Year ; having fix'd on the 17th of December fot
his Departure thither with the whole Court. My
Mother would alfo have been one of the Com
pany, but fhe was too far gone with Child. She
was now marry'd to her third Hufband, who was
the Count de Wefen ; and the Nuptials were per-
form'd at Konigfberg in 1698, when the Elector
Was there about the Election of the King of Por
land. This was a Match, in the making of
which, neither Love nor Intereft had the leaft
fhare : M. de Wefen, tho* come of a very good
Family in the Duchy of Zell, was Heir but to a
very fmall Eftate, and that he was obliged to di
vide with a great many Brothers ; and my Mo-.
ther before he marry'd her had never fo much as
fpoke to him, nor had fhe feen him but while he
was in the Office of Chief Steward. The Elec
tor himfelf made the Match at the folicitation of
Madame de Wartemberg who had a very great
kindnefs for M. Wefen formerly, and perhaps
had fo ftill, and by helping him to a rich Widow,
fhe was willing to make him a recompence for the
Refpect

Prussia. 27
Refpect he had paid to her. There was no ne-
ceffity of ufing powerful Arguments with the E-
lector, to engage him to bring this Match about.
It was his Foible to make Matches, and were
they good or bad, provided he faw the Weddings,
'twas all alike to him. Confequently, as foon as
Madame de Wartemberg had propofed this Mar
riage to him, he promis'd to mention it himfelf
to my Mother ; nay, more than that, he came to
her Houfe and made the Propofal. My Mother
defir'd to be excus'd, faying to his Highnefs, that
fhe had been already married twice, that fhe had
two Sons by her firft Hufband, and that fhe did
not care to hazard their Interefts and her own
Peace by engaging herfelf in Matrimony a third
time. The Elector made her anfwer, that he
would have it fo, and that her Children, fo far
from Lofers, fhould be Gainers by it, becaufe he
would take care of them. He added that he
would allow her twenty-four Hours time to con-
fider of it, and then he left her, forbidding her to
ftir to the Door, and promifing to come and fee
her again next day, in order to have her Anfwer.
He then went into my Grandmother's Chamber,
and faid fo many fine things to her, in favor of
the Son-in-Law he had in his eye for her, that
fhe was for it by all means.
My Mother continued very wavering till next
day, when the Elector return'd as he had pro
mis'd : And as 'tis not an eafy matter to refift
the Orders of one's Sovereign, my Mother, tho'
ftill againft a new Engagement in her heart, feem-
ed however to confent to the Marriage, which in
a few days after was celebrated, and honour'd
with the prefence of the Elector, who had the
goodnefs to affure my Brother and me that it
fhoujd not be the worfe for us. Mean time all my
Relations

28 The Court of
Relations exclaim'd againft my Mother, and
when fhe return'd to Berlin not a Soul of them
went to fee her. My Grandmother by my Fa
ther's fide was loudeft in her Complaint ; for. her
great Age and the Honour fhe had of attending
the late Electorefs, Mother to the Elector, made
her take the freedom to tell that Prince her
mind. She was in a paflion with him even to a
degree of Childifhnefs, telling him that it griev'd
her to the heart that fhe was not ftrong e-
nough to twift the neck of the Man that he had
given to her Daughter-in-Law for a Hufband.
The Elector to pacify her, promis'd her that he
would be fuch a friend to M. & Wefen, that this
Marriage inftead of being a prejudice fhould be
an advantage to us. And as foon as he had left
her, he declared him Marfhal of his Court.
This Office obliging my Father-in-law to fol
low the Prince in his Travels, he left my Mother
at Berlin, and carry'd me with him to Konigfberg,
to fhew me the Ceremony of the Elector's Co
ronation. His Court was fo numerous that upon the
Road from Berlin to Konigfberg, which is reckon'd
fourfcore Geri.ic.n Miles, there were no lefs than
thirty thoufand Hackney- Horfes, befides thofe
belonging to the Stables of the King and Princes.
The King, who was exceffively fond of Cere
mony, omitted nothing that could be an addi
tion to the fplendor of his Coronation. This Ce
remony coft him immenfe Sums of Money, and
convinc'd Foreigners who came thither from a
curiofity to fee it, that our Court was inferior to
few others for Magnificence.
Tho' one would think the preparations for
fuch a folemn Feftival mutt take up a tedious
deal of time, yet the King's Impatience hurry'd them

Prussia. 29
them fo faft that every thing was ready by the
eighteenth of January, about a Fortnight after
the Arrival of the Court. The Proclamation for
erecting Pruffia into a Kingdom was made two
Days before the King's Coronation, with the
found of the Cannon, and all the Bells of the
City, by four Heralds at Arms in Mantles of blue
Velvet with the Royal Arms thereon embroider'd,
and riding upon Horfes richly accouter'd, the
Houfings being of Silver-Brocade, fprinkled with
Eagles and Coronets of Gold. They went with
a very numerous Train to the chief Quarters of
the City, and there made Proclamation in thefe
terms :
Whereas it has ple&fed the Divine Providence
to eretl this Sovereign Duchy of Pruffia into a
Kingdom, and to fet up for our King the moft
High and moft Potent Prince Frederic I. our
gracious Sovereign ; we have thought Jit to give
notice thereof to the People of this Kingdom,
that they may fay as we do, " Long live Frederic,
" our moft Merciful and moft Gracious King ! Long
" live Sophia-Charlotte, our moft Gracious Sateen.
The King to render the Ceremony of his Co
ronation ftill more auguft, inftituted the Day be
fore * the Order of the Black Eagle, the Badges
of which are an Orange Ribband with a Crofs
hanging to it enamell'd with Blue, in form of the
Crofs of Malta : In a Star of Silver which is em
broider'd upon the Coat!,' there is a black Eagle
which gripes in one Claw a Crown, and in the
other a Scepter ; and round the 'Scutcheon are
thefe words, SUUM CUIgUE, (i.e. to e-
very
* See Vol. I. of the Memoirs, f. 29. fome Particulars
concerning this Order, which are not here.

3b The Court of
very one his own.) The principal Statutes of
this Order are^ i. That the Number of the
Knights fhall not exceed thirty* exclufive of the
Princes of the Royal Family, and Sovereign Prin
ces. 2. That the Knights fhall prove their
Nobility by fixteen Defcents. 3. That they fhall
promife to be juft, chafte, and to protect and fup
port Widows and Orphans, according to their
motto, Suutn cuique.
Tho' it was contrary to cuftom, to inftall the
Knights before the Coronation, the King was
•not fb fcrupulous as to conform to it,forefeeing that
the Ceremony of his Coronation receiv'd a new
Luftre from this Foundation. Neverthelefs the
Knights and Officers of the Order had then no
other Badges but theRibband and Star embroider'd
on their Clothes ; and 'twas not till two Years
after that the King gave to the new Knights, for
days of Ceremony, a Drefs confifting of a Veil of
Cloth of Gold,withanotherover it of Sky-blue Vel
vet, reaching down to the Mid-leg, with a Lining
of Straw-color, and ty'd under the Cravat with
yellow Ribbands, the Taflels of which hang down
to the Knees. Their Safh is of Straw-color'dVel-
vet, embroider'd with Gold. Their Mantle is
alfo of Straw-color'd Velvet, lin'd with Gold-
Mohair, and over it is a Collar of Gold enamell'd
with blue, forming thefe two Letters F. R. to fig-
nify Fredericus Rex i This is call'd the Grand
Collar of the Order. The Knights wear black
Velvet Caps on their Heads, with white Plumes
of Feathers. The King's Habit differs not from
that of the Knights; but the Habits of the Grand
Mafler of the Ceremonies, the Secretary, and the
Treafurer, differ in that they only wear over their
common Clothes full Gowns of Straw-color'd
Velvet, with an Orange- color'd Lining, and upon
them

Prussia. 31
them the Crofs of the Order, faften'd only by an
Orange- color'd Ribband that hangs to their Neck.
The King at the firft Promotion, or rather on
the day that he inftituted the Order, created the
full number of Knights, prefcribed by the Statutes.
He alfo gave the Ribband of the Order to the E-
lectoral Prince his Son, and to his two Brothers
the Margraves Chriftian and Albert. The Mar
grave Philip Haying behind at Berlin to govern
in the King's Abfence, the Ribband was fent to
him by a Gentleman of the Bed-chamber.
On the Coronation-day, about nine in the Morn
ing the King was dreffed by the great Chamber
lain, attended by all the Officers of the Bed
chamber. His Coat was Scarlet embroider'd with
Gold, and brilliant Diamonds were his Buttons.
Over that, he had a Royal Mantle of Crimfort;-
Velvet, lin'd and turn'd up with Ermin, which
was faften'd to his Breaft by a Clafp of three
Diamonds. As foon as the King was dreffed he
went into a Hall in his Apartment, where a
Throne had been erected, on each fide of which,
there lay on two Tables of Silver the Royal Or
naments that were to ferve the King and Queen.
The King being feated on his Throne, order'd
they fhould be brought to him, and they were
accordingly prefented to him on the Knee. Hav
ing the Crown in his Hand, he put it himfelf on
his Head, and then taking the Sceptre in his
right Hand and the Royal Globe in his left, in
that pofture he receiv'd the firft Homages of the
Prince Royal and of the Margraves, who bent
one Knee before him. After this the King arofe
and went to the Queen's Apartment, preceded
by the Knights of the Order, the two Margraves,
the Prince Royal, and the Noblemen that car
ried the Regalia defign'd for the Queen. Her

32 The Court of
Her Majefty was drefs'd in a Purple Gown,
and a Royal Mantle like the King's. She was
drefs'd in her own Nut-brown Hair without any
Powder, which in conjunction with the Luftre of
the Diamonds gave her an Air ftill more noble
and majeftic. As foon as fhe perceiv'd the King,
who met her at the entrance of his Chamber, fhe
fell on her knees, in which fituation the King
embraced her, and with his own Hands fet the
Crown upon her Head. She took the Scepter
and Globe from the hands of the Lords who car
ried them, and the King raifing her up fhe fol-
low'd him into his Apartment, where fhe alfo re
ceiv'd the Homage of the Prince Royal and the
Margraves, in the fame manner as they had per-
form'd them to the King.
Their Majefties went afterwards to Church
with all the Pomp and Magnificence, (I dare to
fay it) of the ancient Kings of Afia. The King
walk'd under a Canopy of Silver Brocade em
broider'd with Gold borne, by ten Pruffian Lords
of the firft Quality, and at fome diftance came the
Queen under another Canopy like to that of the
King. The Grand Chamberlain held up the
Train of the King's Mantle, and the Queen's
was born by the Duchefs of Holftein, and the
Ladies Stingland and Bulau, the one Lady of
Honour to the Queen, and the other having
the firft Reverfion of that Office. The Duke
of Holftein officiated as Great Mafter of her
Houfhold ; and the Princefs of Holftein walk'd
at the head of the Court- Ladies. Their Maje
fties were receiv'd by the two Bifhops that
were to perform the Ceremony of the Coronation,
who were drefs'd in purple Velvet, after the Eng-
lijh mode, and had for their Afiiftants fix Mi-
nifters, three of them Calvinifts and three Lu
therans.

J

.Prussia. 33
iheranS. They conducted the King and Queeri
to their Thrones which had been erected on thd
two fides of the Altar, the King's on the Right.
and the Queen's on the Left. Tho' there is no
Altar iii the Calvinift Churches, the King had
one, and had actually made a prefent of a mag
nificent Crucifix to be plac'd upon it, in order td
fhew how much he wifh'd the Union of the two
Proteftant Churches.
The Prince Royal feated himfelf a little behind
the King towards the Right on a Folding-chair^
with his Governor the Count de Dohna behind
him : The Margraves alfo fate in two Folding
chairs on both fides of the Queen. The Duke
and Duchefs of Holftein, and the Ladies Stingland
and Bulau, fate upon Stools immediately behind
the Queen. The Princefs of Holftein was alfo
placed upon a Stool, but a little farther off. On
both fides of the Altar two Galleries were erected*
the one for the Duchefs of Courland the King's
Sifter, the young Duke her Son, and the three
Princeffes her Daughters-in-Law, the other for
the Ambafladors and Foreign Minifters;
When the King was td receive the facred
¦Unction* he went and kneel'd at the foot of the
Altar, gave the Globe and Sceptre to the Lords
who had before carried them, took off his Crown
with his own hands, which he plac'd on a Cufhion
like to that on which he kneel'd, and then re
ceiv'd three Unctions; one on the Forehead, and
the two others on his Wrifts. The Great Cham
berlain dried up the Oil with Cotton and Lin-
hen, which one of the Mihifters prefented to him
On a Plate of Gold. After this the King took
his Crown again which no other hand had touch'd,
and plac'd it himfelf on his head ; and having al
fo taken the Sceptre and Globe again, he went and
' Vol. III. D replac'd

34 The Court of
replac'd himfelf on his Throne. The fame Ce-*
remonies were obferv'd at the Anointing of the
Queen, with this difference only, that fhe all the
while kept the Crown on her Head, and that
Madame Siingland, her Lady of Honour, dried
up the Oil.
This done, the two Bifhops with the fix Mi
hifters pay'd thefirftHomage to both the King and
Queen. The Bifhop at Confecration faid to the
King, May Bleffing and Profperity attend Fre-
d e R i c King of Prussia ! May the Lord,
the God of our King fay the fame ! May he con
tinue his Prefence with him as he has done hither
to, to the end that his Royal 'Throne may aggran
dize his Power from day to day.
The fameBiihop faid to the Queen, May Blef
fing and Profperity attend Sophia-Charlotta
'Queen of Prussia ! May the Lord our Godpre-
ferve her for a Token of his Bleffing to her People,
and may fhe from this time forward fee Profpe
rity and Salvation fpread ever her Royal Family^
and' over her Children, in the Peace of Ifrael I
While the Mufic as it were repeated thefe fame
words, the Prince Royal and the Margraves went
,and paid their Homage alfo to the King and
Queen, kneeling oh the laft Step of their Throne
and kiffing their Hands. The Homage of the
other Nobility only confifted in their making a.
profound Obeyfance without ftirring out of their
places. The Bifhop who had perform'd the Confecration,
'turning about to the People, faid with aloud Voice,
Fear God and honour your King and your Queen, for
iheirPower cometh from the Lord who hath created
Heaven and Earth. May the fame Lord vouch-
fafe'to be their Guide and Guardian ! May he co
ver them with his Shadow, that the Heat of the
Sun

Prussia. 35
Sun and the Rays of the Moon, may never hurt
their Sight ! May the Lord keep them from all
Evil, fave their Souls, and go in and out before
ihem with Bleffing, till Time fhall be no mora
After fome other Prayers, the King renew'd the
Edicts againft Duels* and fwore to obferve them
upon the Holy Gofpels. And therewith ended
this long Ceremony:
The King had all the reafon in the World to
be pleafed with it, by f eafon of the exactnefs with
which every one perform'd his Function, which
was a thing hardly to have been expected in a
Ceremony that was quite new to the Performers ;
but they fo well knew his delicacy in every mat
ter of Ceremony, and the Emulation they had to
pleafe him in this Tafte was fuch* that the moft
confummate Experience could not have aquitted
itfelf better.
The Queen herfelf was the only Perfon that
got a reprimand, and that was by her taking
fome Snuff. Her Throne being over-againft the
King's, fhe watch'd a long time for anopportu-'
nity, and when fhe thought his Majefty did not
bbferve her fhe flole Out her Snuff-Box. The
King happening to turn his Eyes towards her
the very fame moment, fhe would fain have con-
ceal'd it, but his Majefty's Countenance was fq
fix'd on her that fhe was convinc'd he perceiv'd
it ; and indeed this Prince who was upon this
bccafion not to be trifled with* immediately or-
der'd one of his Gentlemen who was behind him
to go and afk the Queen in his Name, Whether
fhe remember 'd the Place where fhe was, and the
Rank fhe held there.
The King and Queen going out of the Church
Gaus'd Gold and Silver Medals to the value of
ten thoufand Crowns to be fcatter'd among the
D 2 People,

%6 The Court of
People, which had on one fide their Effigies with
thefe words, FREDERICUS ET SOPHIA-
CHARLOTTA, REX ET REGINA ; and on
the reverfe a Crown with thefe words, PRIMA
MEM GENTIS.
The Ceremonies at the Royal Feaft which fol-
low'd, were not much fhort of thofe at the Co
ronation. It was kept in the great Hall of the
Palace, to which the King and Queen repair'd
almoft with the fame Train, and in the fame or
der as they had obferv'd going to Church.
When they were feated at Table, their Ma
jefties return'd their Sceptres and Globes into the
hands of the Lords who had the Honour of
carrying them before. Thefe Lords then plac'dc
themfelves at each fide of the Table, and remain'd
there during the whole Feaft. The Prince Royal,
the two Margraves and the Duchefs of Courland
the King's Sifter, were the only Perfons that had
the honour of dining with their Majefties. • Of
all the Ceremonies that Were obferv'd there, the
two following are what I have no where feen
but in Germany. As foon as the King and Queen
had taken their Seats at Table, the two Grand
Marfhals went out of the Hall into the Court
yard of the Palace* and from thence rode on
horfeback to the great Stables attended by Ket
tle-drums, Trumpets, and a great many Officers -
of the King's Kitchen. There they found a
whole Ox roafting on a Spit and ftuff'd with all
forts, of Wild-fowl, of which they cut off a piece
and carry'd it in a Gold Difh to their Majefties
Table. After this, the Great Cup:Bearer went with
.the like Train to the fame Stables, where there
were two Fountains of Wine running from the
Beaks of two Eagles. Of this he fill'd a gold
Goblet,

Prussia. 37
Goblet, and went and prefented it to the King.
His Majefty having taken it and return'd it to
him, he prefented it afterwards to the Qjeen,
who return'd it to him in like manner ; and then
he carry'd it to the great Beaufet, which was fet
up at the other end of the Room over-againft the
King's Table. As often as the King or Queen
drank, nine Cannon. were fired; fix when the
Prince Royal drank, and three whenever the
Margraves and the Duchefs of Courland drank.
This Repaft held a very long time, yet none
of the Courtiers fate down to Table till their Ma
jefties were retir'd to their Apartments. About
nine o'clock at Night all the Bells in the City
were rung, and the Noife of the Cannon added
to that of the Kettle-drums and Trumpets, ferv'd
,-as a fignal for the Bonfires that were lighted in
all the Crofs-ftreets. The Burghers illuminated
the Fronts of their Houfes. Some of the moft
fubftantial had alfo erected Triumphal Arches
before their Houfes, with Embiems and Devi
ces ; others let Wine run for the Populace, and
in fhort there was no Burgher but ftrove to fig-
nalize their Joy fome way or other.
Their Majefties being defirous to honour the
public Rejoicings with their prefence, went into
the Streets about ten o'clock in a magnificent
Coach, accompanied by all their Courtiers on
horfeback. When they came before the Town-
Houfe they were harangu'd by the chief Burgo-
Mafhsr, who prefented them with a Collation in
Panniers of Silver, after which they pafs'd by the
Houfe of the Duke of Holftein Governour of Ko
nigfberg. The Front of the Houfe reprefented the
Temple of Glory ; the Duke's Gentlemen repre
fented the Priefts of the Temple, and threw Am
ber and Jncenfe into the Coals which were upon
D 3 the

38 The Court of
the Altar ; the Duke's Children, who were eight
in number, were dreffed like Shepherds and Shep-
herdeffes, and as the King and Queen pafs'd by,
theeldeft prefented them withaBafket of Flowers,
and pronounc'd fome Verfes to them in the Ger
man Language, expreffing the Vows which all
the People made for the duration of their Profpe
rity. Their Majefties, after flopping fome time
before this Houfe, return'd to the Palace.
Throughout all the King's Dominions there
were the like Demonftrations of Joy, and the
Coronation-day was celebrated every where like
a Sunday, The Kiftg and Queen fpent the whole
Carnival at Konigfberg, where they receiv'd the
Count de Tobianfki the Great Cup-bearer of Po
land, who came as Ambaflador from the King
his Matter, to congratulate their Majefties on
their Coronation. It muft be obferved in the
mean time, that the Republic of Poland never re
cogniz'd the King of Pruffia's Royalty, tho' twp
of its Kings, viz. the Elector of Saxony, and King
Staniftaus four years after recogniz'd him by their
Ambaffadors. The departure of the Court for Berlin was
fix?d for the eighth of Alarch. As the King
had not yet made his entry at Konigfberg, the
Citizens entreated him to permit them to accom
pany him as far as the limits of their Territory,
which was granted them. Then feveral trium
phal Arches were erected, all the Streets were
hung with Tapeftry, and the King fet out from
Konigfberg attended by all the City Companies.
His Majefty rode on horfeback, fupported by
two Equerries on foot. His Clothes were c>f
Crimfon-Velvet lin'd with Ermin and embroi
der'd with Gold, and the Buttons were of Dia
monds. He had on his Hat % Loop and a Fla^ band.

.Prussia. 39
band of Diamonds. His Horfe was moft richly
accouter'd : The Bit, Stirrups, and all the Orna
ments of the Bridle, were of mafly Gold ; the
Houfing of Crimfon- Velvet, all cover'd with
Gold Embroidery and Diamonds, The Queen's
Coach was alfo of extraordinary Magnificence.
Her Majefty fate in it accompanied only by the
Duchefs of Couxland, who fate pven-againft:
her. In fhort, they went out of Konigfberg with all
the Pomp and Apparatus that us'd to attend Pub
lic Entrys, When their Majefties were got a
quarter of a League out of the Town, they a-
hghted and went into their Travelling-Coaches,
and there they received the laft Compliments
which were paid by the Echevins bare-headed
and kneeling. Then the King and Queen re^
turn'd into the City through another Gate, and
ftaid in their Palace till next day that they fet
out for Berlin.
The Court was oblig'd to go by the way of
Dantzic, becaufe of the fudden Thaw of the
Weiffel, which render'd it impafTable. The Ma-
giftrates of Dantzic immediately fent out Depu
ties to their Majefties, to intreat them to permit
their City to make a public Entry for them ; but.
the King thank'd them, and was not willing they
fhould be at any expence. Neverthelefs at the
Entrance of the Territory of Dantzic two Burgo^
Mafters, four Counfellors, and the Syndic of the
Town, at the head of the Youth on horfeback,
went and paid their Majefties a Compliment.
He that fpoke was the chief Burgo- Mafler, who
pray'd their Majefties to fuffer the City to defray
their Expences, while they flay'd in their Terri*
tory. The King and Queen alighted at a Hpufe
erecled on purpofe for their Reception, which
D 4 was

40 The Court, of
was of Wood, and reprefented the Temple of
Glory. There their Majefties found a magnifi
cent Collation and a very fine Concert of Mufic.
In other Rooms feveral Tables were fet up for
the Gentlemen of his Retinue. The King and
Queen having fpent the Night there, pafs'd thro''
Dantzic next day, and went over the Weiffel,
which at that part of it was ftill frozen. Yet as
there was caufe to apprehend that it was not
froze hard enough to be pafs'd with fafety, the
Magiftrates, to prevent any Accident, had cover'd
the Ice with Straw* Beams and Planks ; and
twenty-four young Men and as many Laffes,
dreffed like Sailors in Jackets of Velvet and Sat-
tin, affifted the King and Queen in their paflage ;
during which, the Girls prefented them with Fifh,
Fruit, Sweet-Meats and Flowers, and the young
Sailors play'd to them on feveral Inftruments of
Mufic. When their Majefties had patted the
River, they difmifs'd the Deputies of the City,
and made them each a Prefent of a Gold Chain'
and Medal, on which were their Effigies. On
the feventeenth of March the King arriv'd at
Potzdam *, and the Q^een at Lutzelbourg. The
King who had a Defign to make a folemn Entry
at Berlin, ftay'd at Potzdam till the fixth of May,
to give time for making the neceftary Prepara
tions to receive him, and for the finifhing one of
the Fronts of his Palace, which he wifh'd might
be compleated by that day.
Towards the latter end of April the King fet
out from Potzdcm for Schonhaufen, where the
Qjeen met him fome days after, and there their.
Majefties prepared to make their Entry into
Berlin. Thisj
* See Vol. I. f. 34. for the Defcription of this Town,
which is the common Garrifon of the hrft Battalion- of the
tall Grenadiers, fo much talk'd of in Europe.

Pr U S S I A, 4 J
This Ceremony was perform' d with all the
Pomp and Magnificence poffible. The City had
caus'd feven Triumphal Arches to be erected y
the Defcription of one of thofe Arches may fuffice
to give an Idea of the Tafte of 9ur Court for
Entertainments of this kind. This Arch, which
was at the Bars entring the Suburb, feem'd to
have been built by Gardeners. It was one entire
Green -houfe with Pillars and Pilafters, adorn'd
with Flowers. Pomona and Flora were feen to
fupport the Pictures of the King and Queen,
Tne Spring, attended by the Zephyrs, prefented
them with Fruits and Flowers,' and a Row of
Orange- Trees and Laurels in gilded Boxes lin'd
the Way from that Arch to St. George's Gate,
which has ever fince that Day been call'd the
Royal Gate, becaufe their Majefties enter'd thro*
it into the Town,
Next day after their Entry the Deputies of
the Provinces prefented the King with Free
Gifts on his joyful Arrival, and the Margrave
Philip Grand Mafler of the Artillery, caus'd a
Fire-work to be play'd off, which reprefented the
King's Return to Berlin, by that of Jafon, after
the Conqueft of the Golden Fleece.
After fome other Feftivals of this nature, oc-
cafion'd by the public Joy, the Court feparated,
when the King fet out for Oranjebourg *, and the
Queen to Lu}zelbourg. The Prince Royal ftaid
at Berlin to finifh his Exercifes. Care had been
taken to form a numerous Court for him, of all
young Gentlemen of his own Age, of whom this
young Prince had form'd two Companies, of
Which himfelf commanded the firft, and the
Puke of Courland the fecond. I was of this fe-
conej
f See the Accpunt of this Houfe Vol. I f. 49.

42 The Court of
cond Company, and we went fometimes to per
form our Military Exercifes at Lutzelbourg before
the Queen, who lov'd to fee the Prince her Son
difplay the firft Fruits of his Military Geniust
We alfo acted fome Comedies before her ; for the
Princefs aim'd to infpire the Prince her Son with
a delicate Tafte, even in Pleafures.
'Twas at this time that a Storm arofe at Court
againft the Count de Wartemberg Great Cham
berlain, and lately declar'd Prime Minifter, which
threaten'd his Ruin ; but it fpent it felf upon
thofe only who had rais'd it. The principal Authors
of the Cabal were the Count de Lot turn, M. ***,
and the Grand Marfhal, who had been for a
long time the Great Chamberlain's fworn Ene
my. The Count de Wefen, my Father-in-law, was
pitch'd upon by thefe Gentlemen to raife the firft
Prejudices in theKing's Mind againft this Minifter.
I have had the Honor to acquaint you, Madame,
that the Countefs de Wartemberg always wifh'd
well to M. de Wefen, of which the advantagious
Match fhe had procur'd for him was a very con
vincing Proof, One would have thought there
fore after fuch great Service, that he ought in
Gratitude to have devoted himfelf entirely to the
Fortune of the Count her Hufband. But my
Father-in-law puff 'd up by the Choice which the
Count's Enemies had made of him, forgot his
Duty and his Intereft, and accepted a Commifiion
for the undertaking of which he had in truth
all the neceflary Temerity, but not that Judg
ment nor that Favor, which was abfolutely requi-
fite for conducting fo ticklifh an Affair.
The King had a real Love for M. de Wartem
berg, yet he fometimes made him feel his ill Hu
mors. The Prince feem'd one day to be fo an
gry with him, and fpoke of him to my Father- in-

Prussia. 43
in-law with fo much Refentment, that the latter
thought he had now a fair Opportunity to ruin
the Count. He faid to the King, that the whole
Court was furpriz'd at his extraordinary Kindnefs
to a Minifter who every day abus'd his Name in
the Oppreffion of the People, and in the Com-
miffion of a thoufand Acts of Injuftice againft his
faithful Servants ; that his Rapines were exceffive;
and that his Wife's Extravagance was fo great,
that he could fhew by the Accounts of the Comp
trollers of the Kitchen, that the Great Chamber
lain's Table coft more than his Majefty's. I know
very well, added M. de Wefen, that if the Prime
Minifter fhould hear of what I have now had the
Honor to fay to your Majefty, I am undone ; but if
I held my peace, I thought I fhould be wanting in
my Duty ; and what I have offer ted I am ready to
prove. The King heard what he faid very attentive
ly, and my Father-in-law was fo vain as to think
he had made Impreffion enough upon him to
ftrike M. de Wartemberg quite out of his Favor ;
but this fhallow Statefman, my Father-in-law, did
not confider that a Prince who complains of his
Favorite is not always difpos'd to receive the ill
Impreffions that others are ready to give of him.
Whether the King therefore thought after this
manner, or whether he was fhock'd at the Ingra
titude of 1V|. de Wefen, who ow'd his Fortune to
M. de Wartemberg, he told the Minifter the
Converfation that had pafs'd, but affur'd him that
he did not give Credit to the Report ; and that if
he pieas'd he would take a Revenge on the Man
that had made it.
. The crafty Minifter affected at that time an
Air of Moderation, which coft him the lefs Pams
becaufe he was an excellent Comedian. He faid to

44 The Court of
to the King that he thought himfelf fufficiently
reveng'd, by the little Heed his Majefty gave to
the fcandalous Tales which his Enemies gave out
againft him, and he defir'd his Majefty to pardon
thofe who had offer'd to abufe his Goodnefs, for
the fake of oppreffing him. Thus did he for a
"while conceal the keeheft Refentment under the
Mafk of the moft forgiving Temper ; being re-
fblv'd in his Heart to ruin thofe who had em-
ploy'd M. de Wefen, tho' they were protected by
the Queen, but efpecially to make their Tool
feel all the Weight of his Vengeance.
A Journey which the King took to Goltz, one
of his Hunting-Seats, near the Fortrefs of Cuftrin,
gave him a good Opportunity for it. Being a-
lone with the' King in the fame Coach, he put
him fo much out of conceit with M. de Wefen,
that when he arriv'd at Goltz, all that came to
wait on him, as he alighted out of the Coach,
perceiv'd he was in an ill Humor. Contrary to
his ufual cuftom, he fpoke to no body, only he
order'd my Father-in-law to give his Attendance.
When he had fat down, he fcarce touch'd the
Bread, but he found fault with it, and complai
ned of it to M. de Wefen, as the Perfon who had
the Direction of what came to his Table. M.
de Wefen faid to the King, That 'twas true the
Bread was not as it us'd to be, becaufe the Car
riage of the Pantry broke down by the way, and
the Baker came too late to Town to provide more.
The King not well pleas'd with this Anfwer,
faid, he was weary of being ill ferv'd, and that
he expected every one fhou'd do their Duty. At
the fame time he threw his Napkin on the
Ground. M. de Wefen fetch'd another, and
offer'd it to the King, but he would not take it,
and order'd him to be gone that Moment out of
Jiis

Prussia. 45
hisPrefence. Two Hours after, M. de Wefen
was arretted by an Exempt of the Life-Guards,
who conducted him in his Coach under a Guard
to Cuftrin, the Capital of the New Marquifate,
fituate upon the Oder. There my Father-in-law
was kept as a State-Criminal, and the Minifter
fent Orders to the Aulic Counfellor to go to my
Mother's Houfe, and clap a Seal upon her
Hufband's Effects. She was at that time in the
Country, and my Brother happen'd to be at
Church with our Governor, fo that I was alone
in the Houfe when thofe Gentlemen came to ex
ecute their Order. After they had fhew'd it to
me* they afk'd me which was my Father-in-law's
Apartment, that they might not be oblig'd to
put the Seal upon every thing. I made no
fcruple to fhew it to them, and as they with
drew they left me a Writing which was an Order
to my Mother not to come to Court, nor to folli-
cite her Hufband's Liberty. I fent immediately
for my Governor, that he might go with this
difagreeable News to my Mother, whofe Sur
prize was as great as her Sorrow ; for as fhe had
an entire Love for her Hufband, fo fhe knew
nothing of his Intrigues againft the Minifter, to
whom fhe thought he was all along devoted.
As the King's Order tied up her Hands, and
hinder'd her from coming to Court, I was charg'd
to do what I could there, to obtain my Father-
in-law's Liberty.
One day as the Queen made an Entertainment
at Lutzelbourg for the King, I prefented a Peti
tion to him, in my Mother's Name, intreating
him to remove the Seal from her Effects, and
the Guard from her Houfe ; and that his Maje
fty would be pleas'd to appoint Commiflioners to
try her Hufband ; to the end, that if guilty, he
2 might

46 The Court of
might be punifh'd, or if innocent, that he might
be fet at liberty. My Youth, and the Tears'
which I fhed at the Delivery of this Petition,
melted the King's Heart, who told me, That
he would do what my Mother defir'd, for her
fake only ; that he fympathiz'd in her Afflicti
on ; but that her Hufband had fo juftly provok'd
him? that he could not avoid making him fen-
fible of his Indignation : That withal, he was
very glad to fee me fo good-natur'd, as to folli-
cite in favor of a Man who he knew had not dealt
well either by my Brother or me,' hotwithftandihg
the Injunction he laid upon him, when he
match'd him to my Mother . I made him anfwer,-
that' I had nO reafon to complain of my Father-
in-law ; and that tho' I had, my Mother's extreme
Concern of Mind for what had happen'd,- wou'd
be a fufficient Motive for me td fbllicife his Liber
ty. / commend you, faid the King, for thefe
Principles. Go and tell jour Mother that fhe Jhall
ie made eafy, and be affur'd that I will take care
of you. Thofe were the very Expreflioris of the
King, who, When I floop'd to embrace his
Knees, ehcourag'd me alfo by clapping His Hand
upon my Shoulder. As foon as he was gone, the
Queert fent for me' into her Clofetj to give her
an Account of this Conveffation. I found her
refting on a Couch, attended by none but Ma-
damoifelle de Pollnitz my Coufin, who fat on
the Ground at her Feet. When the Queen had
enquir'd after myMother's Health, fhe order'd me
to affure her of her Efteem and Friendfhip ; and
when I had repeated to her what the King had
faid to me, fhe made Aiifw'er, That fhe was very
glad the King was fo well inclin'd to me. Cul
tivate^ his good Difpofttion, faid fhe, make it your
Study to merit his Favor. As for me, I will do
every

P R U g S I a. 47
every thing in my power to preferve yoil in it ;
and you may always be fur e of my Protetlion.
So gracious a Reception both from the King
and Queen gave me great Hopes ; and I return'd
to Berlin, not doubting but the Promifes he had
made to me wou'd foon be perform'd ; yet 'twas
not without tedious Sollicitations from my Mo
ther's Friends that fhe obtain'd her Hufband's
Liberty, after feven Months Confinement, be-
fides paying a Fine for him of ten thoufand
Crowns. The Revenge which the Minifter took
upon thofe who had made my Father-in-law
their Agent, was not fo much talk'd of; for he
contented himfelf with banifhing them to their
refpective Eftates or Governments, and difpo-
fing of their Offices among his moft obfequi-
ous Creatures. One of thefe was the Count
de Witgenftein, upon whom he confer'd the Office
of the Grand Marfhal. He was a Perfbn of a
good Family, but neither he nor his Anceftors
had ever done any Service to the State ; and all
his Merit was an entire Devotion to the Prime
Minifter, to whom he was more a Slave than a
Friend. As long as the Count de Wartemberg
continu'd in Favor, he kept his ground at Court ;
but the Fall of that Minifter was attended with
his. The Difgrace of my Father-in-law did not
fail likewife to create a great deal of Trouble in
myFamily. MyMother follow'd him to his Eftate
in the Duchy of Z ell, and I was fent with my
Brother under the Conduct of a Governor to
Lunebourg, there to finifh my Studies.
All Europe was at this time in motion, and
had taken part in the Quarrel between the Houfes
of Auftria and Bourbon, on account of the Suc-
ceflion to the Monarchy of Spain. Philip of
Anjou was already in pofleffion of it, by virtue of

4.8 ¦ The Court of
Of- Charles II's laft Will and Teftamerit ; and iri
purfuance of the Right he had to it by his'
Grand-mother Mary Therefa of Auftria: The
Emperor founded his Claim upon the Re.nunciJ
ation made by that Princefs when fhe was mar
ried to Lewis XIV. The greateft part of Eu
rope, which the exorbitant PoWer of France had
begun to alarm* fided with the Emperor, who
quitted his Rights in favor of the Archduke his
Son. Befidesthe common Intereft which it
feem'd to be of all Europe to hinder two fuch
Monarchies as France and Spain from being go-
vern'd by one Prince, feveral Potentates had
their particular Reafons, for laying hold of thisi
opportunity, to make war with France.
The Court of England was alarm'd at the Pro
ceeding of Lewis XlV. who had juft recogniz'd
the Son of James II. lately deceas'd at St. Ger-.
mains, for King of England, by the Name of
James III. in prejudice ofKing$7///^*»,who had
been recogniz'd by the Treaty of Ryfwic.
The Dutch govern'd themfelves by the Views
of King William, who Was all aldng their Stadt-
holder : And they could not forget the War in
1672, the Wounds of which were ftill bleed-
The King of Pruffia^ befides his Intereft in
common with the other Electors* to hinder
France from becoming too powerful, for fear left
hereafter the faid Court fhould faddle them with
whom it pleas'd for an Emperor,- had Engage
ments fubfifting with the Court of Vienna and
the King of England. And in confequence of
thofe Engagements he furnifh'd the Emperor
with 6000 Men, and gave Orders for a Levy iti
his Dominions of 20,000 Men, which KmgWil-
liam had demanded of him, and which were1
during

Prussia. 49
during the whole War in the Pay of the United
Provinces. France had no Allies but the Electors of Ba~
varia and Cologn, who fuffer'd themfelves to be
prevail'd on by the Promifes of France ; the chief
of which was, That fhe would not make an end
of the War till fhe had caus*d the Elector of Ba
varia to be declar'd King of Swabia.
The Duke of Savoy was proof againft the Ad
vantages offer'd him by France : And notwith
standing the Marriage of his two Daughters to
the Duke of Burgundy and the Duke of Anjout
King of Spain, he was the moft zealous Ally
againft thofe two Crowns. He forefaw too very
plainly, that as long as thofe two Powers were
united, fuch was the Situation of his Dominions,
that they wou'd hem him in between them j
and therefore when the Duchefs his Mother, who
was a thorow French Woman, afk'd him, What
would become of his Daughters, if he dethron'd
the King of Spain, and ruin'd France, he re-
ply'd to her, And if I do not, what will become
ef my Son ?
Thefe, Madame, were in general the various.
Motions that affected Europe when King William,
of England died : Nor did this Accident occafiort
any Alteration ; for the Princefs Anne Stuart,
who fucceeded him by the Name of Queen Anne,
purfued the fame Views as her Predeceflbr, and
the War of the Allies againft France was carried
on with the fame Vigor.
By the Death of the King of England, who
was the laft Prince of the Orange Branch, our
King was Heir to all his perfonal Eftate ; yet his
Right was contefted by the Prince of Naffati-
Friejland, who, tho' not fo nearly related as the
King, had the Advantage of Kindred by the
Vol, III. E Male

50 The Court of
Male Line, and had a Will of King William in
his Favor, which intitled him to his Succeffion.
As the States-General of the United Provinces
were the Executors of this Will, the King im
mediately communicated his Pretenfions to them,
as he did alfo to Queen Anne, by M. de Spanheim
his Ambaflador at London. He founded his-
Right upon a Will of Frederic -Henry Prince of
Orange, King William's Grandfather, who had a
Son and three Daughters, the eldeft of whom
married to the Elector of Brandenburg the King's
Father ; the fecond to the Prince de Simmeren, a
younger Prince of the prefent reigning Palatine
Family, who dying without Iffue, left his Right
of Succeffion to the Electorate, to the Branch of
Neuburg ; and the third was married to the Prince
of Anhalt-Deffau.
The Will of Frederic-Henry call'd the Male
Defcendants to his Succeffion ; and on Failure of
them the three Princeffes his Daughters ; by vir
tue of which, the King who defcended from the
eldeft, claim'd to be the lawful Heir, notwith-
flanding the Teftament of King William, who
could not difpofe of an Eftate which was intail'd.
The King, for the better Manifeftation of his
Rights, fet out for the Hague, accompanied by
the Margrave Albert, his Brother, who left him
at Wefel, in order to join the Army at Keifer-
fwaert *.
At Wefel f the King receiv'd Meffieurs de Lin-
telo, Slingenlandt, and Tour, Deputies from the
States-General, to whom he paid the fame Ho
nors as to Sovereigns, and receiv'd them Hand
ing, with only an Arm-Chair behind him. They gave
* See for the prefent State of this Place, Vol. II. ft. 347,
361. f See the Vol. above mention'd, p. 361.

- »->

Prussia. 51
gave him an Account of the laftWill and Tefta-
ment of King William, which they had caus'd
to be open'd in the Prefence of M. Schmettau his
Ambaflador, Mr. Stanhope the Envoy Extraor
dinary of England, the Envoys of the Princefles
of Anhalt and Naffau-Friefland, the Envoy of
the Prince of Naffau-Siegen, the Commiflioners
of the States appointed for that purpofe, and the
Counfellors of the Domains of the late King Wil
liam. They added that they had found in this Will,
that the Prince of Naffau, hereditary Governor
of Friefland, was call'd to the Succeffion as uni-
verfal Heir, and they exhorted the King to own
him as fuch. But notwithftanding all this, he
enter'd his folemn Proteft againft the Will, and
then fet out for the Hague.
The King at his arrival alighted at the Palace of
the Old Court, which was part of the Inheritance
of the King of England, and of which he had
already taken Pofleflion, as well as of Honflaer-
dyke, another Palace of the late King of England.
The Dutch wou'd fain have fecur'd the Succef
fion to the Prince of Naffau-Friefland, but they
could not eafily do this,without embroiling them
felves with the King. Therefore they chofeto tem
porize, and came to no Conclufion while the King
(laid in Holland,dur'mg which they endeavor'd to
amufe him by procuring him all the Pleafures that
their Country afforded ; but the Grand Affair of
the Succeffion to the King of England engrofs'd
all his Thoughts, and he went away very much
diffatisfy'd with the Conduct of the States-General
at this Juncture,
As foon as he return'd to Berlin, he fent for
my Brother and me from Lunenburg, for fear left
my Mother, who was a Lutheran, fhould per-
foade vis to embrace that Religion. Next year
E 2 he

52 The Court of
he eftablifti'd an Academy, into which he gave
Orders for our Entrance. The View of this
Eftablifhment was to educate the young Nobility
of the Court, in a manner fuitable to their Extrac
tion. The King had the Nomination of thofe that
Were to be admitted into this Academy, and
Care had been taken to furnifh it with the beft
Mafters in all the Arts and Sciences. The Ex-
pence of the Students there were very mode
rate,, the King having taken upon him to pay
the Extraordinaries. This illuftrious School,
which was then call'd, The Academy of Princes^
has loft very much of its former Splendor.
I found the Court of Berlin in the fame State
as when I left it. The Count de Wartemberg
was ftill in the higheft Favor ; and the Count
de Barfous, the only Man who had prefum'd for
fome time to make head againft the Minifter,
had at length been oblig'd to retire to his Eftate;
but what made his Banifhment from Court the
more tolerable to him, was a Penfion which the
King allow'd him of 20,000 Crowns. His Pott
of Velt-Marfhal was given to M.deWartenfteben,
Lieutenant-General of the Emperor's Troops,
and General of thofe of the Duke of Saxe Gotha.
This was alfo a Creature of the Prime Minifter j
yet he had Honor and Honefty enough to op-
pofe him on Occafions, where he thought the
Welfare of the State was concern'd. The Counts
Lottum, who had been involved in the Difgrace
of my Father-in-law, and whofe Office of Grand
Marfhal had been conferred on the Count de Wit-
genftein, retain'd a certain Air of Favor in his Dif
grace, as did alfo the Count deBarfous. The King
had given him the Government of Wefel, to
which he retir'd ; and as he could not avoid do
ing juftice to his Merit and Fidelity, he gave hin>

Prussia. 53
him the Command of the Troops defign'd for
the Netherlands. He was charg'd with the
Blockade of Rhinberg, a Place in the Electorate
of Cologn, -which the French then poffefs'd, un
der color of being thatElector's auxiliary Forces.
The Town furrendring in a little time, he un
dertook the Blockade of Guelders, which made a
part of the Spanijb Netherlands, and was yielded
to us by the Peace of Utrecht. The taking of
thefe two important Places in the midft of Win
ter, and the Behaviour of the Count de Lottumy
who notwithftanding the Severity of the Seafon,
and the Treatment he had received from Court,
took all the Care poffible for the Prefervation of
the King's Troops, made him fo much extoll'd
at Court, as was mortifying to the Prime Mi
nifter. France endeavor'd to repair the Lofs of thefe
two Places by feizing the Principality of Orange,
which we were not near enough to defend, and
fhe put the Prince of Conti in immediate Poflef-
fion of it, who had fome claim to it through the
Chalons Family, of which he call'd himfelf Heir.
But he foon after yielded the faid Principality
and his Pretenfions, to Lewis XIV. who likewife
caus'd an Edict to be publifh'd there, by which
it was put to the choice of all the Inhabitants to
turn Catholics, or to fell their Effects and re
tire out of the Kingdom within the fpace of three
Months. The Generality of thofe who were
not willing to change their Religion, retir'd to
our Court, and among others, the Members of
the Parliament. The King reliev'd. them as far
as he could, and caus'd Collections to be made
in all the Churches of his Dominions, the Money
of which was diftributed to thofe who had the
moft preffing Occafion for it.
E 3 Soon

^ 4 The Court of
Soon after the Lofs of Orange, the Margrave
'Albert married the Princefs of Courland. That
Prince in 1696, had fucceeded the late Margrave
Charles, his Father, in the Grand Mafterlhip * of
the Order of St. John. This Order is the fame
as that of Maltha, and is only feparated from it
fince Luther. The Commanderies, fubject to the
Elector of Brandenburg, which became Prote-
ftant,put themfelves under theElector's Protection,
and chofe a Grand Mafter, or rather the Elector
chofe one for them. The Choice has always
fallen upon a younger Prince of the Family, who
is not engag'd by it to any Vow, more than the
Knights, who are only oblig'd to' prove their
Nobility, to which the Sovereign very often ob
jects. The Princefs of Courland was the eldeft of the
three Daughters that the Duke of Courland had
by his firft Lady. He married to his fecond
Wife the King's Sifter, and fome time after he
died. The Duchefs his Widow, who had been
oblig'd to abandon Courland, which the Swedes,
the Poles and the Mufcovites equally harafs'd,
came to Konigfberg, to be prefent at the Corona
tion of the King her Brother, who gave her that
Protection fhe expected. Here it was, that the
Year before fhe had married the Margrave of
Brandenburg Bareith, the King's Coufin j and
when fhe went with her Hufband into his Do
minions, fhe left the eldeft of her Daughters-in-
law with the Queen, in hopes of her marrying
the Margrave Albert: And the Queen, who
was fond of this Princefs, order'd it fo, that
Ihe c>btain'd the King's Confent to the Marriage,
which was celebrated fome time after at LutzeU
hourg.
Much
• See Vol. I./, aft

Prussia. 55
Much about this time we had a new Ceremo
ny in our Climates. This * was the Erection
of a Statue which the King caus'd to be fet up
in honor of his Father Frederic-William the
Great. 'Tis perfectly like that of Lewis XIV.
in the Square of Vendome at Paris. The Pedeftal
and Bafe are of white Marble. This Statue was
fet up July 12, 1703; and the King in order
to do the more Honor to the Elector his Father,
caus'd the Ceremony to be perform'd with a mag-
nificentApparatus, in prefence of the whole Court,
and all the Benches of Juftice.
The following Year 1704 was happy to the
Allies, by their Victories at Donawert and Hoch-
ftet. The Troops that the King had fent into
Franconia and Bavaria, to the Emperor and
the City of Nuremberg f, which call'd for
Help againft the Bavarians, contributed not a
little to the obtaining of thofe Victories. The
King received the News of it by an Exprefs
that was difpatch'd to him from the Prince
of Anhalt, under whofe Command thofe Suc
cours acted. This Exprefs was follow'd fome
Days after by a fecond, charg'd with a Letter
from Prince Eugene of Savoy, who therein gave
a fublime Encomium on the Valor of the Pruf-
Jian Troops, I have been an Eye-witnefs, faid
he in his Letter, particularly with regard to the
Infantry of the Right Wing, that all the Officers
as well as the common Soldiers fought with the moft
intrepid Courage, and for feveral Hours checked
the Efforts of the Enemy, who at length not being
able to refift their Bravery, and the continual Fire
which they made, were put into fuch a Confujion, that
E 4 they
* See the compleat Defcription of this Monument, and
of its Erection, Vol. I. p. 9,
-f See Vol. I. p. 196, where there are curious Obfervati->
ens upon this City and its Inhabitant*

'*; 6 The Court of
they were obliged to fly with Precipitation, and
to abandon the Field of Battle to us. The Prince
attributes this vigorous Action of the Pruffian
Soldiers to the moft exemplary Courage and
Valor of the Prince of Anhalt their Comman
der. 'Tis but Juftice, eontinu'd Prince Eugene, to
give the Prince of Anhalt the Praife he has fo
well deferved. He hazarded his Perfon upon all
Occajions, and not intimidated by the Danger to
which he exposed it, I always faw him at the
Head of his Troops, leading them on to Battle,
and encouraging them by his own Example ; fo
that it may be faid to his Honor, that he contribu
ted the greateft Share to that Vitlory. This was
a Panegyric the more pleafing to the Subject of
it, becaufe it proceeded from the Mouth of a
Prince, who was too great a Mafler of Courage
to be miftaken.
After the Campaign was over, my Lord
Marlborough came to Berlin, where he receiv'd
all the Marks of Efteem from the King, which
he could poffibly have defired. Every Point
that he negociated for the Operations of the Cam
paign was granted him, and he went away from
Court highly fatisfied. As foon as he was gone
the Prince Royal fet out for Hanover, from
whence he went to Holland ; and he intended to
pafs over to England, but an Event which hap-
pen'd to the Grief of him and the whole Court,
oblig'd him to return to Berlin.
This was the unexpected Death of the Queen,
on the i ft of February 1705, after a few
days Illnefs. This Princefs us'd for fome time
paft to go to Hanover, to make a Vifit to the
Electorefs her Mother, of whom, as I have al
ready had the Honor to acquaint you, fhe was
extremely fond. The Day that lhe was to fet
out

Prussia. 57
out for this Journey fhe found herfelf indifpos'd,
but did not difcover it, for fear left the King
fhould not permit her to go. Her Illnefs con-
tinu'd during the whole Journey, and when fhe
came to Hanover, what with the fatigue of re
ceiving Vifits from the Ladies of the Court, and her
dancing at a Ball the fame day, fhe grew much
worfe. She came from the Ball with a Sorenefs
in her Throat, which prov'd fo violent that the
Phyficians and Surgeons foon defpair'd of curing
her. The Queen, tho' in the Flower of her Age,
was not at all terrify'd when fhe faw Death ap
proaching her. She wrote a very tender Let
ter to the King, in which fhe thanked him for
the Love he had always manifefted to her, and
recommended her Domeftics to him. Her Bro
ther the Duke Erneft Auguftus was fo deeply
concern'd to fee her in fuch a condition, that fhe
did what fhe could to comfort him : There is no
thing fo natural, faid fhe to him, as Death ; 'tis
unavoidable, and tho'' I am young enough to hope
to live a few Tears longer, yet I am not loth to
die. M. de la Bergerie the Minifter of the French
Church, who affifted her in her laft Moments,
was fo furpriz'd at rher courage and calmnefs,
that he was more attentive to hear her than to
exhort her. / have, faid fhe, for twenty Tears
ferioufty ftudy'd my Religion, and have read the
Books that treat of it with too much application
to be in any doubt as to my Principles. Tou cannot
mention any thing to me but what I have ready
and what you can fay to me will certainly add no
thing to my Opinion. Then turning towards my
Coufin, who was on the other fide of her Bed,
Alas ! faid fhe, what a deal of needlefs Ceremony
is now going to be ufd about this Body of mine ! At
the

5 8 The Court of
the fame time almoft, fhe ftretch'd out her Hand
to Duke Erneft her Brother, and faid to him,
Dear Brother, I am choak'd ; and that Moment
ihe expir'd.
A Courier was immediately difpatch'd to the
Prince Royal, who was at the Hague, and M. de
Bulau the Steward of the Queen's Houfhold car
ried the News to the King, who was fo furpriz'd
at it, that he fainted away feveral times. When
he came to himfelf he fhew'd marks of the fin-
cereft Affliction, and feem'd fully fenfible what a
lofs he had fuftain'd. Indeed this Princefs truly
deferv'd his Lamentation, as well as the Sorrow
of the whole State ; and I for my part with my
whole Family loft a folid and fincere Pro-
tectrefs. The King's Grief was fuch, that it had no Inter
val, but in his application to pay thofe Honours
to the Queen, that were due to her Rank. He
Was willing to fignalize it by the magnificence of
a Funeral Pomp, and for this purpofe he himfelf
ifiued the neceflary Orders. The Elector of Ha*
nover (afterwards King of England) omitted no
thing on his part to fhew his Sorrow for the lofs
of fo dear a Sifter. Her Body was laid for fe
veral days upon a fumptuous Bed of State ; her
Ladies and the Officers of her Houfhold who
had waited on her to Hanover encompafs'd it*
and the Elector's Guards and Officers flay'd with
the Queen's Corpfe, and pay'd the fame Atten
dance as if fhe had been living. When every
thing was ready to carry the Corpfe to Berlin,
the Elector caus'd it to be convey'd by all his
Guards even to the Frontiers of the Duchy of,
Zell, where it was receiv'd by M. de Bulau the
Grand Marfhal of the Court, who conducted it
to the Territories of Brandenburg } and there it
4 was

Prussia. 59
was receiv'd by the Count de Witgenftein, who
accompany'd it as far as Berlin, where I remem
ber it arriv'd about ten o'clock at Night in' a ter
rible Shower of Rain. The King accompany'd
by the Prince Royal and the Margraves in long
Mourning- Cloaks, and by the Ladies of the
Court in deep Mourning- Veils, receiv'd the
Queen's Corpfe at its being taken out of the Fu
neral-Chariot, and accompany'd it into the Old
Chapel where a magnificent Cataphalque was e-
rected for depofiting it.
It reprefented a Temple of an Oval Form,
whofe Roof was fupported by Pillars of the Co
rinthian Order, between each of which were
plac'd Statues that reprefented the Queen's Ver-
tues. In the middle of the Cataphalque juft in
the Upright there was a Glory, in which there
was the Queen's Cypher form'd by Stars. All the
Statues, that were filver'd, added to the Luftres,
Branches and Chandeliers, made a noble Contrail
with the Black that cover'd the Walls and the
Roof. There the Queen's Corpfe was repos'd
till every thing was ready for her Interment. I
will not here enter into the detail of that Cere
mony, which was one of the moft magnificent.
What I obferv'd extraordinary in it was, that
*twas the King's pleafure that the Parliament of
Orange, of which the greateft part were Refugees
at Court,fhould appear there in their Scarlet Robes.
The Queen's Death occafion'd no alteration in
Affairs ; for fhe meddled with the Government
very litde, and left all the care of it to the King
and his Minifters : But in matters of Pleafure
ihe was not fo unconcern'd ; and fhe underftood
them fo well, that fhe was foon mifs'd. The
Courtiers fuftain'd a Lofs that was irreparable ;
for this Princefs, who knew every body, was per
fectly

60 The Court of
fectly acquainted with every one's Birth and Me
rit, and took a delight to diftinguifh them. Being
lofty, but at the fame time polite, fhe knew better
than any body in the World what it was to keep
a Court ; and being virtuous without meannefs*
fhe could tell (which is no eafy matter) how to
prefcribe juft Bounds to that Air of Gallantry,
which alone is capable of rendering a Court a-
greeable, and preferving Politenefs in it.
The only Princefs capable of fupplying her
place was the Margravine Philippa, who. then
held the firft Rank at Court. She was the
Daughter of the Prince of Anhalt-Deffau, and
of the Princefs of Orange. She was gocid-natur'd
and merry, and fond of Pleafures, but underftood
the delicacy of them. She might fometimes
have made us forget the lofs of the Queen, if the
auftere and perhaps jealous Humor of her Huf
band the MargraVe Philip had not inclin'd that
Prince to prefer his Refidence at his Houfe at
Schwedt to the Court.
Soon after the Queen, died the Emperor Leo
pold ; which was an Event that affected us not fo
much as the other, but cohcern'd the reft of Eu
rope more. It was prefently imagin'd that the
Views to the Succeffion of Spain would have fuf
fer'd fome alteration by this Prince's Death ; for
the Emperor Jofeph who fucceeded his Father
having no Son, the Archduke his Brother who
difputed the Crown of Spain with the Duke of
Anjou was his only Heir, and might one day or
other by his Death become Mafter of the Em
pire, and of the Dominions of the Houfe of
Auftria. Therefore they who dreaded to fee the
two Crowns united upon one Head, had as much
and more reafon to fear the Archduke's making
himfelf Mafter of Spain ; the Duke of Anjok
who
4

Prussia. 6-i
who was already in pofleffion of that Crown, be
ing at that time very remote from that of France,
by reafon of the great number of Princes that
had a prior Right to his. Neverthelefs the
Powers of Europe were not mov'd by thefe Re
flections, and the War was continu'd on the fide
of the Allies with confiderable Succefs.
The King of Sweden might, if he had pleafed,
have flopp'd the progrefs of it, and immortaliz'd
his Name by rendring himfelf the Arbiter of a
Quarrel, which divided Europe ; for the Profpe
rity of his Arms had render'd him the Terror of
all the Powers in the North. He had in the Year
1704 depriv'd the Elector of Saxony of the Crown
of Poland, by caufing King Stanijlaus Lefzinfki
the Palatine of Pofen, to be proclaim'd King of
Poland; and he was already in the middle of
Saxony where he committed univerfal Ravage,
and when he might have turn'd the Balance
which way he pleas'd, the wrong Advice of his
Favorite, corrupted by my Lord Marlborough,
was the caufe of the Misfortunes into which that
Prince was afterwards precipitated.
Our Court has had a fufficient fhare in thefe
different Events ; but perhaps, Madame, 'tis fo
little known at your's as to deferve your Curio-
fity : but I will only tell you of what I think
moft important.
The Swedes and Poles had fcarce laid down
their Arms when the Differences between the
King of Denmark and the Duke of Holftein gave
them a frefh occafion to take them up again. In
the Conferences that were begun at Pinneberg in
1696, there were hopes that thofe Princes would
foon be reconcil'd ; but they only patch'd up a
Peace which could not laft long, becaufe of the
Umbrage the King of Denmark took at the Duke of

62 The Court of
of Holftein's ftrict Alliance with- Sweden % and
they quarrel'd again about the limits of their
Dominions. The Danes were the Aggreflbrs,
and they demanded a reinforcement of four
thoufand Men of the King of Poland. This
Prince, who naturally took part with thofe that
declared againft Sweden, was pleas'd well enough
with the Danes Demand, and as there was an
abfolute neceffity of pafling thofe Troops over
the Lands of the King, (at that time Elector) he
fent the Count de Flemming, now his Prime Mi
nifter, to our Court, in order to follicite their paf-
fage. Of a great many Arguments that were al-
ledg'd againft it, the moft fpecious were, ' That
* the Mediators being ftill actually employ'd in
* procuring a juft and equitable Accommoda-
* tion, it was the duty of a Mediator to hinder
' the Rupture, rather than contribute to it by
' favoring this paflage : That the Court of Pruf-
' fia was Guarantee for the King of Sweden and
' the Duke of Holftein, that neither of thofe two
' Princes fhould begin the War againft the King
' of Denmark ; and that confequently as War was
1 not declar'd againft that Prince, his Danifh Ma-
* jefty had no need of Foreign Afliftance ; and
* that finally by giving paflage to thofe Troops
4 the Duke of Holftein would have juft reafon to
* accufe the Mediation of Partiality. * Never
thelefs, after all thefe fine reafons, the four thou-
land Men had their Paflage, either from furprife
or the connivance of the Court. The King of
Poland on his part, in order to make a confider-
able Diverfion in favor of the King of Denmark,
brought Troops from Livonia and befieg'd Riga,
Which then belong'd to the Swedes. This Con
duct of the King of Poland, was, Madame, as
the fatal Signal and the Primum Mobile of that
tragical

Prussia. 63
tragical War, which tho' fo glorious for the King
of Sweden in the beginning, ended in the ruin
not only of his Kingdom, but alfo of Poland and
Saxony. And the greateft Gainer by it was the
Czar.
The Danes while they waited for the Succours
they had demanded from Poland, befieg'd the
Fortrefs of Tonningen in the Duchy of Slefwic.
The King of Sweden and the Duke of Holftein,
before they oppos'd this Enterprize, preferr'd
their Complaints to the Dyet of the Empire,
and then prepar'd for driving the Danes out of
the Country. The Elector of Hanover and the
Duke of Zell join'd thofe two Princes, and the
latter marching to the Relief of Tonningen had
the Honor of obliging the Befiegers to abandon
it, upon the report only of his Approach. This
Prince therefore having nothing to do towards
Tonningen, went with his Troops and rejoin'd
the Elector of Hanover. They met the four
thoufand Men whom the King of Poland was
fending to the Affiftance of the Danes, but only
took their Baggage and Arms, and then left them
at liberty to return home.
The King of Sweden, on his part, pufh'd on
the War againft the Poles. That great Prince
whom extraordinary Undertakings never ftartled,
having already ravag'd a part of Poland, defign'd
a bold ftroke, which was no lefs than dethro
ning the lawful King of that Country, and fet-
ting up another in his room. He had caft his
eyes upon James of Poland, Son of King John
Sobiejki ; but the King of Poland parry'd this
blow, by caufing the Prince James and his
Brother Prince Conftantine, to be carried away
from an Eftate of theirs near Brejlau to Sax-
my, where they were ftrictly guarded like
Prifoners

64 The Court of
Prifoners at the Caftle of Leipfic. The Confine
ment of thefe Princes did indeed hinder either
of them from being elected King ; but the King
of Sweden ftill perfifted in his defign of dethro
ning the King of Poland, on purpofe to be re-
veng'd of that Prince for being fo rafh as to be
the firft that declar'd War againft him. He
caufed the Election to fall upon Staniftaus Lec-
zinjki the Palatine of Pofen. The Bifhop of
Pofen officiated as Cardinal Primate in this Cere
mony, and proclaim'd the new King. The King
of Sweden wrote to all the Princes with whom
he was at peace, to acquaint them of this new
Election, and to exhort them to recognize it.
The Letter he wrote to our King had no In
fluence over him ; for he made anfwer, that he
had recogniz'd one King of Poland already, and
that as long as he liv'd he would acknowledge
no other. He wrote at the fame time to the
King of Poland, to demand the Liberty of
the two Princes. The Emperor, to whom
the eldeft had the Honour of being Brother-
in-law, feconded the King's Demand ; but the
Sollicitations of both had no confequence, and
the Princes were not releas'd till a long time
after. The following Year the King undertook to
procure a Peace between the Kings of Sweden and
Poland ; but as the view of fuch Reconciliation
was to re-eftablifh the Prince of Saxony upon the
Throne of Poland, the King of Sweden would
hearken to no Propofal of Peace, unlefs the de-
thron'd King would folemnly renounce the
Crown. Mean time his Swedifh Majefty, in or
der to mollify his Refufal of the King's Me
diation, fent an Ambaffador-Extraordinary to him
to recognize him as King of Pruffia. This Am
baflador

Prussia. 65
baflador was the firft that ever made a public
Entry at Berlin, and 'twas one of the moft
fplendid that cou'd be, tho' all the Equipages
were in Mourning by reafon of the Death of the
Queen. Thus did this crafty King, by amufing thofe
he had a mind to keep fair with, always pufh at
his own ends. He continu'd to ravage Poland, -
and drqve the King from thence into his Electo
rate of Saxony. There the Swedifh Soldiers took
up their Winter-Quarters, and committed fuch
Outrages as one would not have expected from
a Nation fo fruitful in Heroes. The Swedifh
Prince fignaliz'd his Entrance into Saxony by a
glorious Action, which was procuring the Liberty
of the two Polifh Princes, who had for two Years
been detain'd Prifoners with very great Severity
and as little Reafon. He afterwards march'd
through all Saxony with the haughtinefs of a
Conqueror who comes to prefcribe Laws to thofe
whom he has reduced to his Obedience. As f°r
King Staniftaus whom he had caus'd to be
crown'd King of Poland at Warfaw, he. led him
about with him as it were in Triumph. As this new
King advanc'd towards theTerritories oftheElec-
torate of Brandenburg, to meet the Queen his Wife
who was coming from Stetin, our Court caus'd all
the Honours to be paid to him that were due to
the Royal Dignity, without recognizing him all
the while for King. This Complaifance of our
Court won the King of Sweden's Heart. Mean
time the Neighbourhood of this great Monarch,
who, where-ever he march'd, carried Fire and
Sword with him, gave vaft uneafinefs, and the
Joy was as great when he manifefted a Defign
to turn his Arms againft the Mufcovites, which
he was put upon to do by the Englijh. They.
Vol. III. F had

(56 The Court of
had for fome time paft fiifpected him to befuppqrfaj
ed under-hand by France, and they thought the,
bell way to embroil him with thafcCrown was tq
engage him in a War with the Czar. . The Per-
fon commiffion'd to negociate this Affair was my
Lord Marlborough, who went to the King of
Sweden, and foon put his Negociation in a hope
ful way to fucceed. He found about the King
a Minifter fo fordid, that he was not proof a-
gainft an Qffer of three hundred thoufand
Crowns, to betray his Mafter into a War which
could not but be fatal to him ; whereas, if he
had pleas'd,. he might have acqmVd immortal
Glory in the midft of Saxony, by rendring himfelf
the Umpire of two of the moft potent Families.
in Europe, then contending for the Crown of
Spain, This Minifter knowing his Matter's amT
bitious Temper, propos'd no lefs to him than de-c
throning the Czar. The young Monarch full
pf Zeal and Courage did not imagine how \m-
ploflible it was to dethrone a Prince who was re
tired behind Provinces quite deferted, and where
the Snow lay fo deep that 'twas difficult to difT
tinguifh whether they walk'd upon Land or Ri
vers. He march'd out of the Electorate of
Saxony at the Head of his Troops about the end
of the Year 1707. Never had People jufter,
Reafons for giving public Marks of their Joy9
than the Saxons had. to fee the Swedifh Monarclf
turn his Back to them. His Troops had com-!
mitted exceffive Outrages in the Electorate ; all
the flat Country of Saxony was intirely ruin'd,
and, except fome great Towns fuch as ' Leipfic,
where they generoufly enough fpent part of the
Money they had extorted from the poor Saxon
Peafant, there was not a Hamlqt but was laid
watte to fuch a degree, that there were no hopes of:

Pru s s i a. 67
of its being reftor'd to its original Condition one
while. Yet if the Misfortunes of an Enemy can in any
meafure compenfate the Lofles he has occafion'd,
the Saxons had all the reafon in the World to be
pleas'd in the Sequelf The Swedifh Troops gave
way every where to the Mufcovites, who flulh'd
with former Victories, beat them to nothing.
The greateft Lofs the King of Sweden fuflain'd
was near Pultowa. 'This Prince, who was more
ambitious than prudent, being got too far into
Mufcovy, did not perceive his error till it was
too late to retrieve it. The Czar had the Pre-.
.caution, as he retir'd a little before into his own
Dominions, to burn above forty Leagues of
Country thro' which the King of Sweden was to
pafs to him ; fo that this Prince foon found him
felf in a very fad fituation, not being able to ftay
in a place where there was no manner of Provi^
fion, and forc'd to engage with an Army well
intrench'd and far fupcrior to his own, But
there was no avoiding it, and a Battle was fought
the 8th of July 1709, when the Swedes were
all either cut in pieces or taken Prifoners by the
Mufcovites. The King Who was oblig'd by a
Wound in his Heel to be carry'd in a Litter had
like to have been kill'd, for one Cannon-Ball
kill'd one of his Horfes, and a fecond demolifh'd
his Litter. The whole Army was in paiq for
the King's Life ; but the Officers who were near
his Perfon fnatch'd him out of danger, and ad-r
vis'd him to provide for his fafety. This Prince
was very loth to comply with fuch a refolution,
but finding himfelf oblig'd to yield to Force, re
tir'd to Bender, a little Town at the entrance of
Moldavia, which belongs to the Turkijh Em
pire. The King of Sweden was no fooner fafe,
F 2 but

68 The Court of
but the Remains of his Armvwith their Generals
at their head fubmitted to the Conqueror. This,
Madame, was the Succefs of the Battle of 'Piil-
towa -, a Battle glorious to the Mufcovites, but
fo fatal to the King of Sweden that he could never
recover it : For after this Defeat this young
Hero was always expos'd to the moft cruel Re
veries of that very Fortune, which in his early
Years feem'd to delight in heaping Favors on
him. Mean time the two Families in competition
for the Crown of Spain had not yet fheath'd
their Swords. The King of Sweden was. even
yet in the Electorate- of Saxony when the French
loft the famous Battle of Ramellies, which pro-
cur'd the Allies the greateft part of the Spanijb.
Netherlands. The Troops in Italy alfo diftin-
guifh'd themfelves, and particularly the Prujfans,
who had fo great .a .fhare in the railing of the
Siege of Turin, that the Duke of Savoy wrote a
Letter to the King, in which he extoll'd the Va
lor of the Prvffian Generals and Soldiers. " Yef-
4 ' terday , faid he,the Enemy's Army was intirely
" put to the rout in their own Lines before this.
" place {Turin), in which your MajeftyVTroops
" had the greateft fhare, and I can never enough
" commend their Bravery, nor the notable Va-
" lour of the Prince of Anhalt, who led them
¦ *' on, &c." This Letter was dated the 8th of
September, 1706.
The Prince of Anhalt too fent an Exprefs
with the fame News to the King, and gave a
great Character of the Troops under his Com
mand. " As your Majefty's Troops, faid he,
" in his Letter, were the firft that enter'd the
" Enemy's Trenches, fo they have fuffer'd very
" much, and efpecially the Grenadiers. I may
" fay

Prussia. 69
" fay that your Majefty's Forces have behav'd
*' fo well, that they are intitledto univerfal Praife
" and Admiration, &c ." Then he enter'd into
the Detail of the Loffes fuftain'd by the French,
which were indeed very confiderable. 'Twas
upon this occafion that the Marfhal de Marfin
was wourided and taken Prifoner, and befides
forty-five Pieces of heavy Cannon and one hun
dred and forty letter that were taken from them,
they loft a great Convoy of two thoufand Mules
and one thoufand Horfes, which was guarded
by the Regiment of Dragoons of Chatillon.
The railing of this Siege* and the Reputation
the Pruffian Troops thereby acquired was very
acceptable News to the King, and while the
Court was rejoicing for this, there arriv'd other
Advices which gave them no lefs pleafure ; and
that was the raifing of the Siege of Barcelona.
This City had been befieg'd for fome time by
the Marfhal de Teffe * but King Charles who
defended it made fo flout a Refiftance and fuch
destructive Sallies upon the French Army, that
the latter was oblig'd to retire. The King Was
inform'd of it by an Exprefs from King
Charles. So many SuccefleS one after another rais'd
the hopes of the Allies prodigioufly. The Ter- ,
ror the French Arms had for a long time im~
prefs'd upon their Minds foon wore off, and
nothing was heard every where but fhouts of
Joy, to fee fo haughty a Nation at laft humbled.
Our Court was more rejoic'd than any other at
this great News, and every one envy'd the For
tune of the Pruffian Soldiers, when they faw that
the Duke of Savoy and the Prince of Anhalt
themfelves, gave them the higheft Encomia.
F a Aft

fo The Court of
At this happy Juncture was celebrated the
Marriage of the Prince Royal, which had been
concluded atHanover,\n a Journey theKing made
thither with thePrince his Son. This youngPrince
had for a long time fuch a veneration for the
Princefs the Elector's Daughter, as 'twas poffible
for the moft accomplifh'd Merit to infpire ;him
with, and of all the Princefles in the World
fhe was like to be the moft acceptable , to her
Subjects ; fhe reprefented to us the Idea of the
late Queen, and as fhe was her Niece and defign'd
to fucceed to her Dominions; fhe feem'd alfo to
have inherited all the great Qualities that made
the former ador'd at our Court. The Electoral
Prince of Hanover married her at Hanover by
Proxy, in prefence of the Count de Finck the
King's Ambaflador. The Princefs fet out from
thence fome days after with a Train becoming
her prefent and her future Dignity. The Elec
tor her Father had given her the moft magni
ficent Suits of Apparel and Jewels that could
be got for Money, and they were purchas'd at
Paris by a Man fent on purpofe. The Duchefs
of, Orleans was defirous to chufe and give Di
rections for the Clothes, and fhe afterwards
fhewed them to Lewis XIV. who thought them
fo rich that he faid it were to be wifh'd for the
fake of the Mercers of Paris, that there were
more Princefles that could afford to make fuch
Purchafes. 'T was Novemb. 27, 1706, that this Princefs
made her public Entry at Berlin. The King
met her about half a League out of Town ,
As foon as her Royal Highnefs perceiv'd the
King's Coach fhe alighted, as the King did
alfo from his and went to meet her. After
having embraced the Princefs he prefented the
Prince

Prussia. 7 i
Prince Royal to her, together with his Bro
thers and the two Princefles. Then the King
took Coach again, where the Princefs plac'd her-
felf on the King's left hand, and the two Mar
graves fate over-againft them ; the Prince-
Royal and the King's three Brothers being mount
ed on Horfeback. The Entry was one of the"
moft magnificent that was ever feen.- All the
Troops then at Berlin were under Arms, as
Well as all the City-Militia* and drawn up in a
Line from the Out-parts of the Town quite
to the Palace. The next day after the Prin-
cefs's Arrival, there was a fumptuous Feaft, at
which the Prince Royal and the Princefs had
Arm -Chairs* but for that day only ; for the
next day their Royal Hignefles fate in upright
Chairs at the two ends of the Table,
Our Court was then aS fplendid as in the
time of the late Queen. There was a continual
Round of Pleafures, and every day was remark
able for Feafts*- Balls, Comedies, fcfVi Thefe
Rejoicings had lafted a good while, when all on
a fudden We had a moft terrible Alarm; The King
fell dangeroufly ill* and his Phyficians began
to defpair of his Recovery. But God, who al
ways confiders the Wants of his Pebple* did us
the favor to reftore him to us for a while longer.
Upon his Recovery he receiv'd the Compliments
bf the whole Courts and the Congratulations of/
the Princes his Allies, who acknowledg'd as well
as his Subjects how neceflary his Prefervation
was to the Common Caufe.
Not long after the King^s Recovery* I faw
the young Count de Metternich arrive at Berlin,
who came to bring the King Advice, That the
Swiffers had at length recogniz'd his Majefty for
Sovereign Prince of Neufcbdtel, preferably to the
F 4. other

72 The Court of
other Princes his Competitors. The Count de
Metternich, who was the King's Ambaflador in
Swifferland, had the good Fortune to carry this
Point, notwithftanding the Menaces of France,
who aflerted the Interefts of feveral of her Sub
jects, at the Head of whom was the Prince of
Conti. Madame de Nemours, the Sovereign of
Neufchdtel, was no fooner dead, but each of the
Claimants put in their Plea of Right to this So
vereignty. As foon as the News of her Death
was confirm'd, the King fent Orders to M. de
Metternich, his Ambaflador Extraordinary and his
Plenipotentiary in Swifferland, to repair to Neuf
chdtel and take care of his Interefts. He went
thither accordingly on the 30th of June, and
caus'd ^Memorial to be diftributed at his Arri
val, containing the King's Right to the faid
Principality. The French Competitors on their
part diftributed another, to eftablifh their own
Rights* and invalidate the Pretenfions of the
King. There happen'd to be Difputes between
the Prince of Conti and the Pruffian Ambaflador
about Precedency. M. de Puifieux the Ambafla
dor of France, as it was his Duty to do, main-
tain'd the Interefts of the Prince of Conti, and
prefented to the Council of Neufchdtel a Memo
rial fo haughty and menacing, as if it had come
from victorious France in the Time when fhe
was flufh'd with Conquefls. He faid in this
Memorial, " That the King his Mafter cannot
" look with Indifference upon the Conduct at
«' Neufchdtel, in prefuming to be fo difrefpec^ful
" to the Princes of his Family ; that it wou'd
•* be the_ wifeft way for the Gentlemen of the
" Council fpeedily to take Meafures to prevent
" this Pretention of the Pruffian Minifter from
««. being carried any further, a Pretenfion, faid

PrussiA. 73
-*¦ he, which has no Foundation, but in Malice
" or Ignorance ^becaufe even tho' the new Title,
" which the Elector of Brandenburg has affum'd
J^ for fome years, were uniVerfally recogniz'd,
" yet this very Pretention of his Ambaflador's
" would be always chimerical." Here M.
de Puifieux gave them Warning, " That if they
" did not foon alter their Conduct, the King of
" France wou'd take Meafures very oppofite to
" the pacific and kind Sentiments which he had
" entertain'd fince the Affair of Neufchdtel was"
" firft in agitation." Such, Madame, was the
Strain in which the French Minifter talk'd. This
Memorial was follow'd by feveral others, which
went to the very bottom of the Affair ; and M.
de-Puifieux, in order to engage the Council of
Neufchdtel to favour the French Claimants, ftill
continued to talk in fuch a high Stile, as prejudi
ced every body againft the Side that he efpous'd.
You may judge of this Ambaflador's manner of
Negociation, by the laft Memorial which he
prefented towards the clofe of October J 707.
After having eftablifti'd the Right of the French
Competitors with continual Invectives, he con
cluded thus ; If it happens contrary to my Expec
tation, that your Anfwer is not conformable to
what I demand,— I have frejh Orders from his
Majefty to affure you, that nothing will be capable
to hinder the Eftefts of his Indignation, or to
fcreen you from that juft Vengeance which he pro-
pofes to take. Then, as if he affected to fpeak in
a fofter Strain, he faid to them with an Air of
Protection, " That he hop'd while he ftaid at
" Neufchdtel, to find favourable Inclinations for
" the entire Performance of what he wifh'd for."
'Tis the only thing you can do (thefe are the laft
Words of his Memorial) to merit the Continu ance'

f4- The Court of

ance of his Majefty' s Good-will. I'wifh for niy
own part, that you wou'd furnifh me with Op
portunities to help maintain you in it. But all
thefe Menaces of the French Ambaflador came
to nothing, arid only procur'd him fharp Art-
fwers from the Ambaffadors of Pruffia, England]
and Holland ; for things Went on in the fame
Courfe in the Council of Neufchdtel', and the
whole Affair was determined to the Satisfaction
of the King, who was proclaimed Sovereign
thereof on the 3d of November 1707.
As foon as the King had been recognized irt
that Sovereignty, the Count de Metternich ferir.'
his Son to his Majefty with the Sentence of the
three Eftates, declaring the King lawful Heir
Of the faid Principality, by Louifa of Naffau his
Mother, the eldeft Daughter of Prince Frederic-
Henry, Son of 'William of Naffau call'd the'Belgic,
to whom there had been a Transfer of the Rights
of the Houfe of Chalons; to which the Sove
reignty and Domaine of Neufchdtel originally
belong'd. The News of the Acquifition of this Sovereign
ty cou'd not but be very acceptable to the King,'
who gave the young Count a moft favorable
Reception, made him noble Prefents,and ambngft
others, gave him the Key of Chamberlain.
Not many days after, viz. Nov. 23, 1707?
the Court had a frefh Subject of Joy, by the
Princefs Royal's fafe Delivery of a Prince, whom
the King immediately declar'd Prince of Orange^
and made him at the fame time a Knight of the
Grand Order. His Majefty after this difpatch'd
Couriers to his Ambafladbrs at the Courts of the
Princes his Allies to acquaint them of the Birth
of his Grandfon. M. de Spanheim the Ambafla
dor in England received Orders to defire the
Queeii

Prussia. 7^
Queen to be God-mother to the young Prince 5
and M. de Schmettau Ambaflador in Holland,
and M. de Metternich Ambaflador in Swiffer
land, were charg'd to invite the States with
whom they refided to be God- fathers. Befides
thefe Powers, the King and the Elector of Ha
nover were God -fathers, and the Electorefs of
Hanover was God-mother. The Baptifm was
performed with great Magnificence on the 3d of
December in the Church of the Dome. The Joy
at Court for the Birth of this Prince was of no
long Duration ; for in a few Months after, he died:
but the Sorrow for the Lofs of him was alleviated,
by the Hopes that the Prince Royal had Youth
and Health enough to give us foon more Heirs.
The Incident that was moft alarming, was the
weakly Condition of the King, who recpver'd
but flowly from his Grand Ailment ; fo that his
Phyficians advis'd him to make ufe of the Waters
of Carlfbadt in Bohemia ; and at the beginning of
the fine Seafon, his Majefty went thither accor
dingly. The King's Departure being refolv'd on, I
begg'd his Majefty's leave, to make the Cam
paign in Flanders in quality of a Voluntier.
I fet out from Berlin with the Gens d'Arms,
in which my Brother was a Cornet, and we
join'd the Army near Louvain. The Count
de Lottum receiv'd me as a Voluntier; and
I had the Pleafure to be near him all the
Campaign. Not many days after I had rea
ched the Army, the Electoral Prince of Ha
nover, (now George II. King of England) arriv'd
in the Camp of my Lord Marlborough^ and did
that General the Honor to ferve with him as a
Voluntier. The young Prince diftinguifh'd him
felf very much in. this Campaign, and gave the
a Eng-

76 The Court of
Englifh fufficient Proof that he was. worthy fiere'^
after of wearing their Crown. 'Twas in this
Campaign that the famous Battel of Audenarde
was fought, in which the French were a-
gain oblig'd to yield to the Efforts of the Allies.
It muft be faid hdwever, in their favor, that they
were forc'd to fight without Artillery ; for they
had but four Pieces of Cannon, the reft of their
Ordnance and Baggage not being yet arriv'd.
The Action was very hot oh both fides ; they
fought for feveral Hours with exceeding Obftina-
Cy, andalways with a confiderable Ldfson the part
of the Enemy, whofe Infantry was not only put
to the tout, but a great many Squadrons of the
French King^s Houfhold Troops,' Which ad-
vanc'd to fupport the Foot, were cut in pieces ;
whereupon the Confufion was fo great, and the
Fire fo furious in feveral places at once, that
'twas almbft impoffible to diftinguifh: the Allies
from the Enemy >, therefore Orders were given
to fire ho more till next Morning, but to let the
Enemy efcape, rather than run the rifque of
putting our own Army in confufion.
The Night being come, the French fcarce
made any mofe Refiftance but retir'd by the
way that goes from Audenarde to Ghent, thro'
the Village of Heufden. This very Evening as
I was ftanding with fome Officers of the Guards,
at a fmall diftance from the Pruffian Guards, I
perceiv'd a Trooper riding full fpeed towards us,
who, when he arriv'd faid, Gentlemen, the Duke
de Vendofme orders you to retire towards Ghent.
I cannot exprefs to you how much he was fur
priz'd when we told him for Anfwer, That he
was a Prifoner. Kill me, faid he, upon the fpot,
I don't dejire to out-live what has happened to me.
We comforted him as well as we cou'd, arid car* riecf

Prussia. 77
ried him to the Count de Lottum's Quarters, to
Whom he made himfelf known for M. Duplanti,
Aid de Camp to the Duke de Vendofme. What
led him into the miftake was the Habit of the
Pruffian Guards, which is not very different from
that of the French.
The Battle of Audenarde was the more glo
rious for the Allies, becaufe it was a Victory
gain'd over the Duke of Burgundy who com
manded the Army of France, and had wjth him
the Duke of Berry his Brother, and the Cheva
lier de St. George ; but they fay this Battle was
quite againft the Opinion of the Duke de Ven
dofme, whofe Advice was not hearken'd to, and
the Cabals which the Duke of Burgundy gave
into, hinder'd the Defigns of that famous Ge
neral from being follow'd, and were the Caufe
bf the Lofs of the Battle.
Next day about ten o'clock at Night the
Count de Lotlum was detach'd from the Grand
Army with forty Squadrons and thirty Batta
lions, and without any Refiftance took poffeffion
of the Lines towards Tpres./which were imme
diately demolifh'd. The 19th of that Month
was celebrated by the Army as a Day of
Thankfgiving for the Victory they had
gain'd ; upon which-all the Cannon were fir'd,
and there was a triple Salvo of all the fmall
Arms. On the 26th, my Lord Marlborough, who only
waited for a Convoy of the heavy Artillery to
begin the Siege of Lifte, fent a Detachment to
Bruffels, where there was a confiderable Train,
which came partly from Sas van Ghent and
Maeftricht. This March was cover'd by 22,000
Men of Prince Eugene's Army, which he himfelf
commanded in Perfon. This great Convoy ar
riving

78 The Court of
riving fafe before Lifle, the Town was ihvefted
the 13 th of Auguft. As it was one of the moft
confiderable Sieges that had been undertaken for
a long time ; and as 'twas natural to expect a vi
gorous Refiftance, on the part of the Marfhal de
Boufflers who commanded in the Place, there
came Voluntiers from all Quarters to the Camp of
fhe Befi^gers, Two great Princes, both able Ge
nerals, thought fit to be prefent at this Siege,
viz. the King of Poland and the Landgrave of
Heffe Caffel, who were at the opening of the
Trenches, which was on the 2 2d at Night.
Some Days after, the Enemy approach'd fb
near to us, that it was believed they had an Inclina
tion to engage. Our Generals were therefore at the
head of the Army as foon as the Day broke.
Prince Eugene join?d my Lord Marlborough with
twenty-fix Battallions and feventy-fix Squadrons
of his Army which form'd the Siege ; and the
Army being drawn up in three Lines, of which
the two foremoft confifted of the Cavalry ; they
remained in this Ppfture till about ten o' clock irt
the Forenoon, when 'twas vifible that the Ene
my had no mind to come to a Battle, and that
they only meant to difturb us ; for which Reafon
the Generals caus'd Entrenchments to be caft up,
which were finifh'd next Day, and the Detach
ment which Prince Eugene brought, was fent
back again, excepting fome Squadrons that
ftaid. There was then fo little Apprehenfion of an
Attack, that moft of the Generals quitted the
Grand Army to affift in the (forming of the
Counterfcarp, which happen'd on the 5th of
September at Night. Our Men carried it, tho'
With very great Lofs on our fide, and made
Lodgments on it. When this Attack was over,
we

P r u s s i a. 79
we fet out to return to the Grand Army ; but to
pur misfortune the Guide that had conducted us,
was run away ; and as it was not then more than
one or two o' clock in the Morning, we were in
a very great Perplexity, and fell exactly into the
Road that led to the Centre of the Enemy^s
Camp, I was on horfeback, perhaps a hundred
Yards from the Count de Lottum who was in his
Coach, when all on a fudden I heard fome body
call out, Who goes there ? I confefs to you, Ma
dame, that I was fomewhat furpriz'd,. but I com
forted my felf with the Thought, that it was per
haps a Centinel of fome Walloon Regiment of
the Spanijh Troops, fo that I anfwer'd, Officers.
We were got in the midft of Hedges and Trees,
which hinder'd me of the Benefit of a little Moon
light, by which I might perhaps have difcover'd
with whom we had to do ; and therefore I ftill
went on : but I was no fooner put of the Thic
ket, than I found my felf near enough to a Body
of Horfe, to difcern that 'twas impoffible it
fhou'd belong to us, becaufe it was too near the
Place, and becaufe it fronted us. I prefently faw
pur Danger ; I turn'd back as gently as I cou'd
poffibly to the Count de Lottum, and told him
what I hadobfervy. M. deK — his firft Adjutant
call'd me a Simpleton. Kraut the fecond Adju
tant treated me in much the fame Stile ; and in
fhort I had like to have been difmiffed for a
Fool ; only the Count de Lottum thought it was.
Wifdom .to run no hazard, and therefore he or
der'd his Coachman to turn about, and the Offi
cer of the Ordnance was detach'd to fee whether I
wasmiftaken. The Truth of the Fact being by
him confirm'd, the Adjutants were almoft
frighten' d out of their Wits, made a thoufand A -
oologies, and promis'd to make me any fort of
' amends,

So The Court of
amends, if we were but fo fortunate as to efcape
the Danger which threaten'd us. At laft we were
deliver'd out of it, I don't well know how ; for
had the Enemy advanc'd ever fo little, we were
fure of being left dead on the Spot.
Thus, Madame, have I given you what pafs'd
moft remarkable fince the Storm of the Counter-
fcarp. On the i ith, fome Motion was made on
the part of the Enemy, who even advanc'd al-
rooft up to our Trenches ; but we were in a Pof-
ture to receive them. Their Army lay all
Night under Arms, and next Morning at Day
break drew up in Order of Battle, but contrary to
our Expectation nothing came of it ; for the
Princes of France, the Chevalier de St. George, the
Duke de Vendofme, and feveral General Officers
contented themfelves with taking a View ot our
Camp ; but as they advanc'd fomewhat too near
to our Intrenchments, we were oblig'd to be a
little rude to fuch great Princes, and to let fly
fome Cannou-Ball among them, whereupon they
thought fit to retire.
My Lord Duke heard the fame Day, that M,
de Chamillard, Secretary at War, was arriv'd from
Verfailles, in the Army of France, to be prefent at
a Council which was to be held there. It was
therein refolv'd, That we fhould not be attack'd,
and that their only Bufinefs fhould be to cut off
our Convoys from Bruffels. To execute this
Project they polled themfelves behind the Scheld,
from whence they indeed did very much incom
mode us. We had no Paflage left now but from
Oftend,by which General Webb brought us a con
fiderable Convoy. M. de la Motte, a Lieutenant-
General of the French Army endeavor'd to hin
der its Paffage ; he bad alfo the Advantage of
the Ground. Neverthelefs he was defeated near
Wynendale.

Prussia. 8i
Wynendale. To this Convoy may be afcrib'd
the Conqueft of Life, which was at length ob
lig'd to furrender on the 28th of October, and
the Marfhal de Boufflers retir'd into the Citadel -,
yet as brave as the Garifon was that march'd
into it with him, he could not hold it out long.
Thus the Allies gain'd fome confiderable Ad
vantage or other every day. Never did they
make a more glorious Campaign ; for befides the
taking of Lifte and its Citadel, they' h?d aifo the
Glory in this fame Campaign of raifing the Siege
which the Elector of Bavaria had laid to Brufjdls,
and of reducing Ghent and Bruges.
, I forgot to tell you, that during the Siege of
Lifte, vye had like to have loft Prince Eugene. •
This Prince receiv'd a Packet one day by the
Pott, and having broke it open, he faw a grea-
ly Paper, which gave him a miftruft ; but he
Only threw it upon the Ground, and a Perfdn
that gather'd it up being taken ill, it induc'd
them to make an Experiment upon a Dog, which
when they had rubb'd it about his Nofe, died
that Inftant. Thus was God pleas'd to preferve
this Hero from the bafeft of Tre'afons.
I wifti'd I could have been at the taking of
Lifte, but was oblig'd to quit the Army fome
time before, M. Dankelman my Tutor having re
ceiv'd the King's Orders to fend me to Berlin,
where his Majefty defign'd to give me a Place at
Court ; and as he had Thoughts of marrying a-
gain, he propos'd to prefer me to an Employ
ment under the new Queen.
The King's Marriage was talk'd of at the Wa
ters of Carelfbadt . I have had the honor to ac
quaint you, Madame, that the Phyficians not
knowing what Remedy to prefcribe, for curing
him of the Faintnefs, which was the Relic of his
Vol. III. G great

82 The Court of
great Illnefs in 1 707, had at all adventures of-
der'd the Waters of Carelfbadt, and the Kiiig
was perfectly recover'd by them. The Reco
very of his Health reviv'd the Pleafures of the
Court. The voluptuous Courtier, who had not
yet forgot what the Prefence of an amiable Queen
is capable of doing, began to form Vows, that
the King might make a Choice as good asi
the firft : nay, the matter was carried far
ther; it was mention'd to his Majefty, who was
told withal, that nothing was more neceffary*
than to think immediately of a fecond Marri
age ; and that the Prince Royal having no Chil
dren, there was Danger of his Majefty's leaving
no Iffue. In fhort, every body voted fo hear
tily for a Marriage, that the King, who alfo was
defirous of it, declar'd he wou'd marry again.
The only difficulty was to know, who fhould be
the Princefs that was to be advanc'd to theThrortej
and then arofe feveral Parties, who had each
very different Views.
The Great Chamberlain was for the Princefs of
Naffau- Frieftand, a Marriage with whom, he
imagin'd, would put an end to all the Difputes
about King William's Succeffion. The King
approv'd of the Propofal, and fent the Baron de
Scbalifen, to negociate the Treaty. You would
not believe perhaps, Madame, that the very
Mother of this Princefs caus'd it tomifcarry, from
a Jealoufy of her Daughter's Grandeur. Her
Pretext was, that fhe had before vainly flatter'd her-
felf with the Hopes of marrying her Daughterto
the Prince Royal ; that fhe had been bubbled then ;
and that it would be the fame thing now. The Af-
furances that the Baron gave her to the contrary,
and the Advantages he fhew'd her would accrue
to her Family from this Match, were all to no
purpofe -,

Prussia. 83
purpofe; fhe remain'd inflexible ; and told him in
plain Terms, that fhe could not bear to think of
feeing her Daughter fo much above her. The
Baron. having made fome other Attempts, this
jealous Mother prevail'd on her Daughter to
refufe the greateft Offer fhe could ever hope for;
A great many of the Courtiers were not forry to
fee this Match broke off. They had been jea
lous for a long time of the great Credit of the
Prince of Anhalt, who being Uncle to the Prin
cefs in queftion, 'twas natural to prefume, that
he would grow more powerful than before, be-
fides the being more united than ever to the
Great Chamberlain, to whom the Prince would
be oblig'd for this Marriage.
Then the Princefs of Hejfe was propos'd, and tie
Princefs of Culmbach. The former had the Ne
gative put upon her the very Moment that fhe
was mention'd, and that by the King himfelf.
The latter was known to the King, who had feen
her at Hall, as he return'd from Carelfbadt. His
Majefty thought very well of her, and had even
feem'd inclinable to determine in her favor, when
oppofite Cabals were fet at work, which quite
fruftrated the Propofal.
The Duchefs of Zeitz, the King's Sifter, who
married a Duke of Meckelbourg to her firft Huf
band, propofed the Princefs of Meckelbourg to
the King. His Majefty, who had ftill perhaps
the Princefs of Culmbach in his Thoughts* did not
feem at firft to relifh this Propofal ; neverthelefs
upon the Inftances made to him by the Duchefs
his Sifter, he promis'd her to fee the Princefs
of Meckelbourg before he determined in favor
of any other Perfon. This he did accordingly,
fome time after he return'd to Berlin, when he
went to Schwerin, the Capital City of Meckel-
G 2 bourg,

84 The Court of
bourg, 'on pretence of endeavoring to accomirio-
date the Differences between the Duke and the
Nobility. There it was that the King faw the
Princefs ; fhe pleas'd him, and befides, he had
heard fo much in her Praife, that at length he
determin'd to have her ; and as foon as he re
turn'd to Oranienbourg, he declar'd his Mar^
riage. This News did not create fo much Joy at
our Court as I imagin'd it wou'd; and the Courtiers
began to reflect ferioufty, upon what they had
feem'd to wifh for with Impatience. They call'd
to mind the Time of the late Queen. More
over, the Age and Health of the Prince and Prin
cefs Royal gave them ground enough to hope*
that the Brandenburg Family would not want
Heirs. In fine, the Character of Mother-in-law*
ever hated, gave Apprehenfion that there wou'd
foon be a Divifion in the Royal Family. For
my own part, I verily believe, Madame*, that
what moft of all difgufted the Courtiers, in the
Choice which the King had now made, was*
that the Queen was a devout Lady, a Quality
not very likely to make that Air of Gallantry
prevail at Court, which captivates the He art of
the Courtier.
The King had no fooner declar'd his Intention
to marry again, but there was a Multitude of
Sbllicitors to be of the Queenks Houfhold. One
Baffompierre put himfelf upon the Lift, and he
defir'd the King wou'd make him the Queen's
Chamberlain. The King made him anfwer,
that he would put no Officers about the Queen,
except fuch as fhould be agreeable to her ; but
that he would favor him fo far, as to put him in
the number of thofe that fhou'd be propos'd to
the Queen as foon as fhe arriv'd. Baftompicrre thought

Prussia. 8$
thought that by making previous Application to
the Queen, he fhould not fail of being admitted,
and therefore he fet out Poft to meet her. He
told her Majefty that the King had fent him to
be her Chamberlain. The Queen believ'd him,
admitted him in that quality, and alfo gave him
a Letter to carry to the King, with which he re
turn'd to Berlin. He told the King, that the
Queen had appointed him her Chamberlain. His
Majefty eafily imagin'd that the Queen had been
furpriz'd ; and beingjuftly angry with Baffom-
pierre, forbad him the Court. This Baftompicrre
had a Brother who came to Berlin the fame time
as he did : Thefe two Gentlemen faid they were
of that honeft Family of Baffompierre, of which
there are fome ftill in Lorrain : And by that
Name they went, Anno 1707, in the Army in
Flanders. The eldeft faid he had been a Colonel
in France, and that his Brother was a Captain in
the fame Regiment. They pretended that, they
left their Country, the eldeft for having fought a
Duel, and theyoungeft for being his Second. The
King had receiv'd them kindly, and given them
Penfions, with a Promife to prefer them to the
Army the firft Opportunity that fhould offer.
Thefe two- Brothers were at Court in a-very
agreeable Situation,and wou'd, no doubt, have long
enjoy'd it, when the eldeft attempted to be the
Queen's Chamberlain ; in which perhaps too he
would have fucceeded, if his Eagernefs for it
had not made him take that Step, by which he
incurr'd his Majefty 's Indignation. He was very
much aftonifh'd at the Order which was1 fignify'd
to him, not to be feen any more at Court ; and
at length fearing he fhou'd be found out to be
what he really was, he retir'd, and went with his
Brother to Saxony, where they were both ad-
G 3 mitted

86 The Court of.
mitted into the King of Poland's Horfe-Guards ;
but they did not enjoy that Shelter long : for the
Electorefs of Hanover having heard of their In
trigue at Berlin, wrote to a great Lady in France,
and defir'd her to inform her who thofe Baffom-
pierres were. The Lady, who knew nothing at all
of 'em, naturally miftrufted that they were For
tune-Hunters ; but for better Information fhe
enquir'd of M. d'Argenfon, Lieutenant of. the
Police, who upon the Defcription given him of
thofe Gentlemen, difcover'd they were a couple/
of Sparks, whofe Duel of Honor wou'd have
been rewarded with the Brand of the Flower de Li's
and the Galleys, if they could have been' appre^
hended in France. Upon this Difcovery Mef-
fieurs de Baffompierre were banifti'd out of Poland,
and what became- of them afterwards I cannot
tell. ¦ Mean time all the neceflary Preparations were
making at Berlin for the Reception of the Queen,
who was preparing on her part for her public-
Entry. The Duke of Meckelbourg married
the Princefs his Sifter by Proxy from the King.'
Next day the new Queen fet out from Schwerin,
in company with the Duchefs her Mother, the
Duke her Brother, and the Duchefs of Meckel
bourg her Sifter-in-law.- This Train went with
her to the very Frontier of Meckelbourg, which'
borders upon the Electorate of Brandenburg, and
there the Queen found M. d'Erlach, Marfhal-
of the Court, who receiv'd her in the King's
Name, and offer'd her his Houfe. This Prin
cefs, after having taken leave of her Family,
took Coach and arriv'd at Oranienburg the 24th
of November. The King went and met her a-
bbut half a League from that Houfe. As foon
is fhe perceiv'd hi? Majefty, fhe alighted out of
'"¦- ¦• . ¦•-'-' •¦•¦ j , ¦ •-•¦ .. '¦ ' :'~ her

Prussia.. 87
her Coach and fell on her Knees. The King
took her up and embrac'd her, and after prefent-
jng the whole Royal Family to her they went
to the Caftle. The King conducted the Queen
to her Apartment, where fhe always eat alone,
to the very Day of the Celebration of the Mar
riage. The 2 7th fhe made her Entry at Berlin,
where fhe was receiv'd with all poffible Magni
ficence, and next Day their Majefties were mar
ried in the Church of the Dome. The 29th, the
King and Queen receiv'd the Compliments of all
the Deputies, Courts of Juftice and Foreign Mi-
nifters ; and on the fame day there was a great
Entertainment which their Majefties honor'd
with their Prefence. I was not willing, Madame,
to tire you with a tedious Detail of all the Cere
monies : I have already had the Honor to ac
quaint you, that the King fpar'd for nothing that
might contribute to the Magnificence of the
Feaft, which lafted feveral days, and was more
fumptuous every day than other. What I thought
remarkable, was a Battle of wild Beafts, at which
their Majefties were prefent on the 1 7th of De
cember, when the Queen kill'd a Bear from her
Gallery, with a foot from a Hand-Gun.
The Arrival of the new Queen created no
great Change at Court, and except the firft Rank
which fhe' had of the Ladies every thing con
tinued in the fame ftate. The Princefs- Royal
kept her Court at her own Lodgings twice a
Week, that is to fay, on thofe Days when there
was no Circle at the Queen's ; for upon the
Drawing-Room Days fhe went to her Majefty's
Apartment, as did moft of the Princefles, and
they ftay'd there to fup. Her Majefty likewife
granted the fame Honor to feveral other La-
G 4 dies,

6 8 The Court of
dies, to whom fhe gave an Invitation by a Gen
tleman when they were in the Circle.
'Twas at the time of the King's Marriage-that I
loft my Father-in-law : I was very much concern'd
for his D^arh, efpecially on account of the Trouble
it gave my Mother, who could never get over it
as long as fhe liv'd. The very day that the
News of it was brought to me, the King de
clar'd me a Gentleman of his Bed-chamber. I
have had the Honor to tell you, Madame, that
I was taken out of the Army in hopes of being
plac'd near the Queen, but when I. came tq
Court I found all her Houfhold fettled, and my
Name not in the Lift. I fpoke of this to the
Grand Marfhal, who bid me not be vexed, for.
that he would fhortly get me a Poft about the
King, and that was the Office of Gentleman of
the Bed-chamber, to which I was nominated
fome time after, i. e. about the latter end of the
Year 1708.
You know, Madame, and one can hardly for
get the prodigious cold Weather we had the
Winter following. It began on the Feaft of
Epiphany, 1709, and was univerfal all over Eu
rope. The Corn and Vines fuffer'd fo much by
it, that there was a fcarcity which lafted long e-
nough to ftarve a number of poor People, who
cou'd not get Bread, it was fo exceffive dear.
Never was there a more melancholy Year ; and
there was fuch a poor melancholy Court all the
while, that it feem'd as if the fevere cold Wea
ther had chili'd our Spirits. But whtn the fine
Weather return'd they began to revive, and e-
very one prepar'd to fet out for the Army. The
Prince Royal went to make the Campaign in
Flanders as a Voluntier, and M. d'Arnbeim de
parted to rejoin the Troops of which he had the
Command

Prussia. 89
Command in Piedmont. This Campaign was
very glorious to the Allies, but 'twas a very
blpody one. The famous Battle of Malplaquet
was one of thofe Victories which procured us
Laurels cover'd with Funeral Scutcheons, and
two more fuch Victories would have ruin'd the
Jnfantry of the Allies. The Prince Royal was
Witnefs of the Bravery of our Troops, which
diftinguifh'd themfelves in this Campaign, where
in they had been great Sufferers. The Enemy
pn their part befides the Battle loft alfo Mons
and Tour nay.
I could have wifh'd to have made this Cam
paign, but when I afk'd the King's Leave to go,
his Majefty refus'd me, faying, that he defign'd
me for fome other Bufinefs than that of Arms.
This Anfwer pleas'd me to the Life, and as I
was young and by confequence apt enough to
be vain, I was fo fimple as to believe my felf
for a while in the higheft Favor. But I was
foon convinc'd of my miftake. What ferv'd to
open my Eyes was this. The Poft of Gentle
man of the Bed-chamber, with which the King
had honor'd me, made it my duty to attend
the King's Coach on horfeback as often as his
Majefty went abroad ; but being one day fo much
out of order that 'twas impoffible for me to ride
a Horfe, as ill luck would have it, the King hap-
pen'd to go that very day from * Chariot ten -
bourg to Berlin, and perceiv'd that I was not up
on Duty. This incens'd him fo much againft
me, that when I attended to receive his Hat and
Cane upon his Return, he faid the harfheft things
that cou'd be to me, the leaft of which was, that
if I ever fail'd in my Duty again, he would de
prive me of the Honor of ferving him. Guefs,
Madame,
* S,ee Vol. I. p- 35-

90 The Court of
Madame, how much I was mortify'd at fuch *,
Reprimand given in prefence of eight or ten
Perfons that were in the King's Chamber. In
deed I had much ado to brook it, and at firft dafh
I real|y had a Thought of refigning my Poft.
I fpoke of it to the Count de Witgenftein, who
paclfy'd me a little by giving me to underftand,
that if I did not abate of my Fire I had nothing
to do but to renounce all Advancement in the
Service of my King, a Service always preferable
to any Fortunes that can be made at the Court
of any Foreign Prince. He promis'd to fet me
fight in fhe King's Opinion, and he kept his
Word '; for two or three Days afterwards as the
King return'd to Chariot ienbourg, when I hap-
pen'd to be all alone in his Chamber with the
Chamberlain in waiting, his Majefty did me the
Honor to afk me, If I was ftill in a Pit ? I reT
turn'd no other Anfwer but a profound Obeifance.
The King faid to me a fecond time, I ajk you if
you are out of humor becaufe I chid you t'other
day ? I made Anfwer with all the Refpect pof
fible, Thai indeed I was vex'd to my heart that
I had given his Majefty any Caufe to be out of
Temper with me ; that no body was more ambi
tious than I was of ferving him faithfully ; and
that tho' I had the Misfortune lately to be wanting
in my Duty, it was owing to a very fad Indifpo-
Jition. But, faid the King, you fhould have let
me know it then, and I fhould not have reprimand
ed you. After all, Ididfo only to try you, for in
the main I was not fo angry as I feem'd to be.
Jackel the King's Jefter, who was prefent at this
Converfation, took up the Difcourfe and faid to
the King, But, good Sir, the Indifpojition he talks
of, is of his own making ; for the true Caufe is,
he has no Saddle-Horfes, and the reafon of this, is
becaufe.

Prussia. 9 ?
becaufe he has not wherewithal to feed them. Why
then, faid the King, I will give him wherewithal :
The Great Chamberlain, faid he to me, /half difpatch
you a Warrant for that purpofe ; go to him. I
then advanc'd to kifs the King's Robe, but he
drew back, and as I was ftooping he laid his
Hand upon my Head, and faid to me, Tou are
young, be good, and I will take care of you. In
a few days after, I had my Warrant difpatch'd
to fend for Forage to Michlenhoff, where the
like was diftributed to other Courtiers who had
obtain'd the fame Favor.
At the fame time the Duke of Meckelbourg
the Queen's Brother came to Berlin, where he
had a- magnificent Reception, yet he was not
very well pleas'd with his Journey ; for this
Prince expected, as he was a Sovereign, to have
Precedency of the Margraves the King's Bro
thers, Which was deny'd him. He eat in pri
vate with the King, but the Margraves were
not prefent, and he ftay'd at Court but three or
four days, during which he was lodg'd at the
Palace and ferv'd by the King's Officers.
- As for our new Queen fhe became fo devout
in a little time after her Marriage, that every body
was furpriz'd, and the Courtiers very much dif-
gutted. Nothing was talk'd of in her prefence
but Religion, and in the Morning her Anti-
chamber was frequented by Minifters, by Dr.
Francke whom fhe had fent for on purpofe from
Hall, and by Borft her Confeffor. It look'd as
if oiie was in the Anti-chamber of fome Gover-
nefs of a Convent, rather than in the Palace of
3, great Queen. Under pretence of Prayers for
Deliverance from the Plague which infected fome
pf our Provinces, there was nothing to be heard
in her Apartments but Litanies. The King
 . v did

92 The Court of
did not like all this Cant; for tho' he had. a great-
deal of Religion, he did not love Bigotry. He
made the Queen fenfible that her manner of liv
ing was not fuitable to one that fate upon a
Throne, and got her confent to the Removal of
thofe Perfons from about her who had exhorted
her to embrace the Party of the Pietifts. Francke
was fent back to Hall to the great College which
the Queen had newly founded for Orphans, and
whereof that Doctor had the Direction. Then
there was only Borft her Majefty's Confeffor left
at Court, and he was advis'd not to give himfelf
fo much Trouble about the Queen's Salvation.
This Princefs was fo zealous for her Religion,
that fhe did not believe thofe who profefs'd a
contrary one could be faved. I remember that
one day as fhe was talking about Religion to the
King, fhe told him that fhe was very much
grieved to find him a Calvinift, and by that
means out of the Road to Salvation. The King
who feem'd in an amaze at the Compliment, faid.
to her, What, do y'ou think then that I fhall be
damn'd ? And what will you fay then when you
fpeak of me after Death ? For you could not
fay der SEELIGE Konig, (an Expreffion us'd in
the German Tongue, fpeaking of a Perfon de-
ceas'd, and which fignifies, the King is fav'd.)
The Queen was a little puzzled how to reply,
tut after a few Moments Reflection fhe faid, \
will "ay, der Hebe verftorbene Konig, which fignifies
the Dear K:vg deceas'd. This Anfwer made the
King uneafy, who return'd foon after to his A-
partment. I was that day in Waiting, and by
confequence in his Majefty'sApartment with fome
of the Court Nobility, when the King told us
with a deal of Concern upon his Mind of the
Converfation he had with the Queen, which af
fected

!Pru s s i A. 93
fected him the more, becaufe at that time he-
thought very ferioufly of the Union of the Pro-
teftant Churches.
Mean time the Peftilence, which had difco
ver'd it felf in fome of our Provinces, frighten'd
us very much. The King upon this occafion
acted like a true Father of his People, by fending
Money and Provifions to thofe that were afflicted
with it, and by caufing a Day of folemn Falling
and Prayers to be celebrated in all the Churches
of his Dominions to beg of God that he wou'd
pleafe to avert this Scourge from our Country.
Moreover he caufed Lazarets or Peft-Houfes to
be erected at the Gates of all the Towns where
thofe who came from any fufpected Place were
to perform Quarantain. As the whole time was
now fpent in Sermons and Prayers for removing
the Peftilence, the detail of which would not be
very pleafing, I think it will not be amifs here
to tell you how the Service was perform'd be
fore the King and Queen. I will begin by giv
ing you fome Account of * Berlin, and of his
Majefty's f Palace.
The City of Berlin $ wou'd not have been
what it is at this day, had it not been for the
French Proteftants. They had been kindly re
ceiv'd by the Elector Frederic -Willi am : And
the King, every whit as generous as his Father,
prolong'd and even augmented the Franchifes
granted to the French, and in order to convince
thofe Exiles that he was difpos'd to be a Father to
* See Vol. I. ^ 3, &c. where this capital City of the Electo
rate of Brandenburg is defcrib'd with wonderful Exactnefs
and Regularity.
\ See alfo with regard to this Palace, Vol. I. p. 10.
j See alfo the fame Vol. p. 3 1 . fjr the Nature of the
Pleafures of the City and Court.

94 The Court of
to them, he had a mind that theyfhould be no lon
ger diftinguifh'd from his natural-born Subjects,
but caus'd Churches to be built for them of which
he maintain'd the Minifters, gave them a very1
fine College for the Education of their Children,
and alfo chofe a Company- of Mufketeers out of
them in- which none but French were admitted.
Thefe Refugees were fo fenfible of the King's
Goodnefs to them* that they had an Emulation
to fhew their Gratitude to him by making Trade
to flourifh. They were equally zealous for the
embellifhing and aggrandizing of the City, and
caus'd a great many Houfes to be built there
which were both neat and commodious. - They
added to the City all that Quarter call'd the
New Town, which is certainly the moft beautiful
part of Berlin. Of the Streets which run in a
ftrait Line, the principal is adorn'd with fix
Rows of Lima-Trees that form as many Walks,
the middlemoft of which is lin'd with a Balu-
ftrade to keep off Coaches and Carriages. Thefe
Walks terminate in a Wood, thro' which there's
an Avenue of a League, which leads to Charlot-
tenbourg, a Royal Palace.
At the Entrance of the New Town there's the
Arfenal *, a Structure which may pafs for one of
the fineft in Europe : 'Tis a Quadrangle with a
large Square in the middle. The four outward
Fronts are almoft exactly alike. The principal
is divided into three Buildings, of which that in
the middle projects a little forwards. The
Grand Floor confifts of Arches charg'd with
Ruftics, which fupport Pilafters of the Ionic Or
der. The part which projects from the middle is
* See Vol. I. p. iS. where there is a more particular De
fcription of this Edifice.

Prussia. $5
is adorrt'd with four Columns, and has a large
Pediment at the end of it. The grand or prin
cipal Gate is in the middle. On the two fides
there are four great fine Statues reprefentinig the
CardinalVirtues on Pedeftals. Thefe feem to look
towards the King's Picture, which is reprefented
in a great Medal of Brafs gilt in the coping of
the Gate. Over this Picture, there's his Ma-
jefty's Cypher in the middle of a Cartridge
crown'd, fupported by Fame and Victory. The
Cartridge is fill'd up with an Entablature upon
which there's a Latin Infcription in Letters of
Gold, to the Honor of the King. Finally, over
this Entablature there's a great Pediment in Baflb-
Relievo perfectly beautiful, reprefenting a Mars
which feems to reft upon a Trophy, and to look
•upon a couple of Slaves chain'd at his Feet.
The whole is compleated by a Baluftrade which
refts upon the Pedeftals that fupport the Tro
phies. This ftately Edifice is encompafs'd with
Spurs of Iron in the form of Cannon, upon
which there's the King's Cypher gilt ; and thefe
Spurs ferve. for a Support to the Iboii Chains
which are hung in Feftoons from one to the other.'
The Infide of this Structure is as magnificent
as the Outfide. Two Rows of Pillars fupport
the lowermoft Arch-Roof and form three Walks,
of which the middlemoft is the narroweft, but
the only one that ferves for the Paflage ; thofe
on the fides being full of noble Brafs-Guns.
The King had a Defign to have a Cannon of a
hundred Pounder plac'd at each Corner ; but
there is only one finifti'd which is call'd AJia, a
terrible Machine fitter to adorn an Arfenal than
for any other ufe. The Afcent to it is by a Step,
becaufe they were oblig'd to build the Carriage
in proportion to the piece that it bears. This
Cannon

9$ The Court bf
Cannon is adorn'd all over with Eagles and
Crowns ; and the King's Arms are reprefentea,
on it under a Royal Pavilion, as are alfo thofe of
the MargravePhilip the King's Brother, as Grand -
Mafter of the Artillery. This is all that is re
markable on the fide of the New Town.
The King's Palace is alfo very magnificent %
and the whole is fo majeftic, that it appears at
the firft fight to be the Refidence of fome great
Monarch. Yet there's one fault in it, which is^
that Uniformity has not been nicely obferv'd in
it, becaufe it has been carry'd on by Fits and
Girds, and every Architect has folio w'd his par
ticular Plart;
This Palace corififts of four large Buildings;-
which forms in the middle a Court that is not fo
brOad as 'tis long. The firft Thing in the main
Front is a great high Portico with two Gates
Arch-wife on the two fides. The Proportions
of the Columns and the Height of the Portico
were copy'd from Conftantine's Triumphal Arch
at Rome. On the two fides of the Portico there
are twelve great Tranfom Windows ehcompafs'd
with Ornaments. The Fronts that are on the
fide of the Court are much more magnificent
than the outer ones, but then they are more ir
regular. The Infide of the Palace is not executed
much better. Two Grand Stair- Cafes lead to
the Guard-Room, the one on the Right and the
Other on the Left of the Entry. The Stair-Cafe
on the Left-hand is of a particular Contrivance,
being in form of a Glacis without any Step, fo
that a Coach may go up to it. The Guard-
Room is long but narrow, and has no Light but
what comes from the Windows on the Cupola
over the Stair-Cafe. The Entry is in the middle.
There is a Turning on the Left to enter into the
King's
3

Prussia. 97
King's Apartment, which fhews at firft fight
three Chambers in a Row. . The third of thefe
Rooms feparates the leaft Apartment from the
greateft, of which the former is on the Right and
the latter on the Left. I will only fpeak to you
of the laft, which is the moft magnificent. In
turning therefore to the Left one perceives a long
Suite of Apartments, which form a magnificent
Point of View. The Furniture is furprizingly
rich ; nor is any thing to be feen, look which
way you will, but Gold, Silver, Marble, Brafs,
Painting, Glafs, China, cirV. in a word, every
thing that can be wifh'd for, that is rich and ele
gant. At the end of this Suite of Apartments
there is a long Gallery, the Cieling of which, like
that of Verfailles, reprefents the principal Actions
of the King, and the fides are adorn'd with Pic
tures done by the moft famous Hands, the
Frames of which are of Brafs gilt.
At the end of this Gallery there was formerly
a great Amber-Cabinet, with divers Comparti-
m'ents in Baflb-Relievo, which perhaps had not
its Fellow in! the World ; but the King being de-
firous to make the Czar a Prefent worthy of his
Acceptance, gave him this Cabinet and a Yatch
that coft eighty thoufand Crowns.
Were I to enter into the detail of the Beauties
and Magnificence one meets with at every ttep
in this Palace, I fhould never have done ; I be
lieve it may be fufficient to fay that the King, as
far as poffible, imitated the Infide of the Palace
of Verfailles. This great Prince took Lewis XIV,
for a Model; and after his Example was intent
on building magnificent Structures and eftablifh-
ing different Manufactures, whereby the Poor
might earn their Living, and get for a reafonable
Price thofe Commodities which heretofore they
V o l. Ill . H ufed

98 The Court of
ufed to import from Foreign Countries, at a very
great Expence. Thus,. Madame, have I given
.you an account of almoft all the greateft Re-
markables at Berlin. I fhall now fet you know
after what manner their Majefties are every day
attended. *
I begin with the King's Levee. His Majefty
commonly rofe between five and fix o'clock in
the Morning, (I mean at the time that I have the
Honour to fpeak to you of ; ) tho' formerly he
rofe at three or four o'clock. As foon as the
King awak'd, the Page of the Back-Stairs who had
watch'd with him. went and gave notice of it to
the Valets de Chambre and the Yeomen of the
Wardrobe, who prefently came in, undrew the
Bed-Curtains, and openrd the Window-Shutters^
after which they went- out and declar'd that the
King was flirring. Then the Chamberlain in
waiting, the Gentleman of the Bed- Chamber, anci
she Officers upon Guard came in and made a very
bw Bow. The next that enter'd were the Phy-1
ficians, to whom his Majefty gave an account
how he had retted. Then the Pages of the Back-
Stairs brought a great Silver Table with Coffee
upon it,, which was prefented to the King by the
firft Valet de Chambre in waiting upon a. Gold
Salver, and the Page prefented it about to all the
Perfons of Quality that were at the Levee. E-
very body was oblig'd to drink two Cups, or elfe
they run the rifle of being reprimanded. After
drinking of the Coffee the Table was carry'd a-
way, and the King, convers'd half an hour or
more with thofe that were prefent i Then he
veil'd his Bonnet and all the Company retir'd.
The Valets de Chambre and the Grooms of the
Wardrobe
* See Vol. I. /. 33, C3"r. the Temper of die prefent King,
and his Way of Living.

Prussia. 99
Wardrobe ftay'd to drefs the King; which when
they had done,his Majefty retir'd into his Clofet,
where was a Defk for Prayer, and there he com
monly ftay'd an Hour, while they made his Bed.
After this he return'd into his Chamber, and then
the Prime Minifter came in to give him an ac
count of his Dlfpatches, which lafted till ten
o'clock or thereabouts. After this the King went
to Council, where he ftay'd a little above an Hour.
This Council con fitted of the Prince Royal, the
Margrave Philip Brother to the King, and the
Minifters. When the Council broke up the
King v/ent into his Clofet,' and there gave out
his Orders. Then two Kettle-Drummers plac'd
in oppofite Balconies that look'd into the lefler
Court, gave notice by the Sound of their Kettle-
Drums to the Officers of the Kitchen and But
tery to get everything ready for theKing's Service.
As foori as the Cloth was laid, the Kettle- Drums!
were founded a fecond time. During this, the
King accompany'd by the Prince Royal and the
Margraves his Brothers, pafs'd thro' the Guard-
Room into the Queen*s Apartment, where were
all the Princefles. A few moments after, the
Kettle-Drums and twenty-four Trumpets divided
into two Bodies, gave notice for ferving up Din
ner. At the fame time, two of the Life-Guards
and fix of the Guard of Hundred Sniffers took
poffeflion of the Room where the King was to
eat. The two Life-Guard Men polled them
felves behind the Arm-Chair of the King and
Queen; and the fix Swiffers encompafs'd the Table
three on each fide with their Halberds in their
hands. When Dinner was ferv'd up, the Great
Chamberlain, with his Staff in hand went and ac
quainted the King of it, who immediately enter'd
the Hallj follow'd by the Queen;who was led by
H 2 the

ioo The Court of
the Prince Royal, as were the Princefs Royal
and the Margravines by the Margraves. A.t
their entrance into the Hall, the King gave his
Flat and Cane, and the Queen her Gloves and
Fan, b^the Chamberlains in waiting. Then two
Gentlenfen of the Bed-Chamber held out a great
Silver, gilt Bafon for them to wafti in, and when
they had wafti'd, the two Chamberlains gave them
the Napkins. The two Gentlemen of the Bed
chamber always offer'd the Bafon in like man
ner to the Princes and Princefles to wafti in, but
they wou'd not accept it.
When their Majefties had wafh'd, the Grand
Marfhal who flood about the middle of theTable
oppofite to the King gave a Rap with his Staff,
-at the fame time making a profound Obeifance ;
-then a Page that flood by him did the like, and
after faying a fhort Grace their Majefties feated
themfelves in their Arm-Chairs, and their Royal
¦Highnefles in other Chairs, with only Backs.
Then the Carver approaching the Table tailed
the Provifion, and therewith ferv'd their Ma
jefties, and the Princes according to their Rank.
When their Majefties call'd for Liquor the Cham
berlain gave the hint to a Page, and he did the
fame to a Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber upon
. Duty, who then went to the Side-board and
fetch'd Wine and Water in two Bottles upon a
Salver of Gold. The Chamberlain tailed both,
and then prefented both to their Majefties. The
•King always drank the Queen's Health, and the
Queen in like manner drank the King's. This
done, their Majefties difmifs'd the Court by mak
ing a Salute to the Grand Marfhal. Then the
Court retir'd, and none ftay'd but the Waiters.
Before their Majefties rofe from Table the Prime
Minifter as well as the Mafter of the Horfe ap-
proach'd,

Prussia. ioi
prpach'd, with the Grand Mafter of the Ward
robe and the Captain of the Guards, to receive
the King's Orders, in cafe his Majefty was wil
ling to ride out. When the Deflart was ready to
be ferv'd, notice was brought to the Grand Mar
fhal or to him that bore the Staff in his abfence,
who then return'd to the King's Table. When
his Majefty rofe from Table the Chamberlain
brought him Water to wafh his Mouth, and the
Qaeen's Chamberlain and their Royal Highneffes
Gentlemen attended the Queen and Princefles
with the fame. After this the King led the
Queen into her own Apartment, where he ftay'd-
a little time, then return'd to his own, and refted
himfelf for an hour in his Clofet.
When the King was awaked, the Chamberlain
and the Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber entered
his Majefty's Clofet, where fometimes the Queen
paid him a Vifit, and at other times the Prime
Minifter came and talk'd with him about Bufi
nefs. In. the Summer-time the King went abroad
for the Air, or the Pleafure of Fifhing or Hunt
ing, efpecially the Heron, in which he took great
delight. About fix o'clock in the Evening his
Majefty went to the Queen's Apartment, and
ftay'd there about an Hour, after which he re
turn'd to his own, to that call'd la Tabagie or the
Tobacco-Room, becaufe there he fmoak'd his
Pipe, and feveral of the Nobility had the Ho
nour of fmoaking there with him. The King
never fupp'd unlefs it was in extraordinary cafes,
but amus'd himfelf with a Game at Chefs. When
he had done playing he conversed very familiarly
with the Chamberlain, the Gentlemen of the
Bed-Chamber, and fome privileg'd Courtiers j
and when he had a mind to put an end to the
Converfation, he gave his Orders to the Grand
H 3 Mafter

102 The Court of
Matter bf the Wardrobe what Clothes to equip
him with next day, and then every body retir'd^
and the Valets de Chambre and the Grooms of
the Wardrobe went and put his Majefty to bed\
This, Madame, was the manner how, the Service
was performed at our Court. Never was there
any Interruption in the Hours prefcrib'd for his;
Majefty's Exercifes, unlefs he labor'd under fome
Ailment. I thought that this Detail, tho' per
haps a little tedious, wou'd not be quite fo un-
pleafant as the Recital of all the Litanies and o^
ther Prayers, in which the Queen was conftanfc
for the remainder of the Year.
In the beginning of the Year following, that
is to fay the 19th of January 1710, the Couni
de Lottum prefented the King with eleven Pieces
of Cannon, and feveral Colors and Standards that
fell to his Majefty's fhare in the diftribution that
was made of thofe that were taken from the
French, during the Campaign.
At the fame time we loft the Duke of Cour
land for ever. This young Prince was the King's
Nephew by his Mother, who was his Majefty's
Sifter by the fame Father, but not by the fame
Mother. He was but an Infant when he loft
his Father the Duke of Courland, whofe death
was to him the greateft of all Misfortunes, becaufe
of the Mifunderftanding which the Guardianfhip
of this young Prince created between thofe who
afpir'd to it. The Duchefs his Mother afferted
that fhe was the rightful Guardian of the Prince,
her Son. His Uncle alfo pretended 'twas his
Right. In fhort, the Nobility of Courland dif-
•puted it with them both. During thefe Domef-
tic Troubles, the feveral Parties, not watchful of
their Neighbours Motions, quickly found they
had powerful Enemies to cope with.. The Saxons being

.Prussia. 103
heing the neareft, were the moft forward to take
pofleffion of their Country. The Mufcovites
were foon at their heels, and in concert with the
Saxons rufti'd upon what they thought moft con
venient. But they were both foon oblig'd to
abandon that Duchy to the King of Sweden, who
came at the head of his Troops, and without
much difficulty fent them going. But after all,
Fortune being weary of feconding the Arms of
the Swedifh Monarch, he was oblig'd not long
after his Entrance into Courland, to yield the
faid Duchy to the Mufcovites, who remained the
fole Pofleflbrs of it.
All thefe Troubles had oblig'd the Duchefs,
with the Prince her Son, to retire. She came, to
Berlin where fhe was prefent at the King's Co
ronation, and afterwards, as I have already had
the Honor to tell you, fhe marry'd the Mar
grave of Brandenbur g Bareith. This Princefs
follow'd the Margrave her Hufband into his Do
minions, and took the Duke of Courland her
Son along with her. There did this young
Prince flay with the Margrave his Father-in-law,
till after the King of Sweden's Defeat at Pultowa
by the Mufcovite Army. When the latter were
become Mailers of Courland, the Duke flatter'd
himfelf that he fhould be able to prevail on the
Czar to reftore him to his Dominions : nor was
he deceiv'd in his Expectation ; for the Czar was
very ready to confent to it, on condition never
thelefs that he fhould marry his Niece, the Daugh
ter of the late Czar, his Brother. The Match
was truly illuftrious, for the Princefs was both
the Daughter and Niece of a potent Monarch j
but her Education had been very different from
that of the young Prince, and there was all the
Reafon in the World to think, th^t they would
H 4 not;

104. The Court of
not like one another long. The Dwkg for his
part could have wifh?d to be reftor'd to his Duchy
upon other Terms; but at length, thinking he
could not do better than to accept of thofe, and
fo put himfelf again at the head of his Sub
jects, who had for feveral Years wifh'd fpr his
Prefence ; he fet out for the Czar's Court, and
there married the Princefs. This Marriage,
which was concluded with fome Reluctance on
the part of the young Duke, feem'd to portend
him none but unhappy Days ; and in fhort, he
was fcarce married, but he fell dangeroufly fick,
and in a few days after died, which Illnefs they faid
was owing to his having been forc'd to drink to
excefs on his Wedding-Day. This occafion'd
a general Defolation throughout the Duchy of
Courland, the poor People having entertain'd fome
Hopes that the Prefence of their lawful Sovereign
would make them forget the Evils they had
fuffer'd by feveral years continual Wars.
Towards the Conclusion of this Year, the fa
mous Count de Wartemberg, Prime Minifter and
Great Chamberlain was difgrac'd ; which, tho' it
had been long wifh'd for, was furprizing to all
Mankind, who thought the Credit of that Mi
nifter too well eftablifh'd, the chief Places of the
Kingdom being in the hands, of his Creatures,
from whofe Gratitude there was nothing that he
might not promife himfelf; befides, they did not
think any Perfon would be fo daring, as to caft
the firft Stone ; the then recent Inftance of the
Count de Wefen being a fufficient Warning to
deter any Perfons from entring into fo dangerous
a Combination. Neverthelefs there were two
Perfons at Court who were not terrify'd by the
Peril, to which an Enterprize of this nature ex-
pos'd them. The Name of both thefe Courtiers was

Prussia. 105
was Kamcke, and being Coufins into the bargain,
they were only diftinguifh'd by the Appellations
of Great and Little.
The Great Kamcke had been fucceffively Page
to the King,Page of the Bed-chamber, afterwards
a de*:!.i.r:d Favorite, and at laft Great Mafter of
i'he Wardrobe, which Poft he held at the time
of the Prime Minifter's Difgrace. The Favor
with which the King honor'd him, was what
made him efteem'd more than any thing elfe -,
for fetting that afide, he was not remarkable for
either the Virtues or the Vice? which contribute
almoft in the fame meafure to the forming of Great
Men. He was reckon'd a Man of fine Parts,
becaufe he was fortunate enough to gain, and to
preferve the King's Favor ; and he had the Re
putation of being good-natur'd, becaufe having
a place in which he might have done a great deal
of Mifchief, he did none at all. 'Tis true too on
the other hand, that he did no body any Service ;
the Lethargy of his Temperament not permit-
ing him to put himfelf upon thofe Motions,
which are equally neceffary to ferve a Friend, and
to ruin an Enemy.
The Little Kamcke, his Coufin, was of a
Temper quite different. He was not only a
Perfon of a piercing fparkling Wit, but had all
the Politenefs of the moft elegant Courtier. Be
ing ambitious and vain, but always with Temper;
he was cut out for thofe delicate Undertakings
to which the Succefs alone gives a Sanction ; and
what is feldom to be found in fo young a Man,
he had all the Management and Diflimulation ne
ceffary for Execution. The Cpunt de Wartem
berg had always hated him; for he fufpected him
to have had a hand in thofe Ballads which M—--,
afterwards the King of Poland's Minifter, had
made

ic6 The Court of
made upon the whole Court, and in which the
Count and Countefs were very ill treated ; but
Little Kamcke, who never defpair'd of his Suc
cefs, ftill continu'd to make his court to the King,
without feeming to take the leaft Notice of the
Minifter's Ill-will. His afliduous Attendance
was at length rewarded ; the King begun by
gtanting him the Honor of playing with him
every Night at Chefs ; which was a Favor this
young Courtier fo artfully improv'd, that in a
little time after, his Majefty made him a MiiuV
fler of State. The Count de Wartemberg was
mortify 'd in two Refpects by the Advancement
of Little Kamcke ; for he did not expect fuch a
Favor to be convey'd by any Canal but himfelf ;
and befides it was granted to a crafty Enemy,
whofe rifing Credit might well give him Um
brage. Kamcke for his own part believing that
he was only obliged to his own Merit for his
Preferment, had even lefs regard for the Prime
Minifter than before. They ftar'd upon one
another at firft, without venturing to make an
Attack ; but by degrees they came to high
Words ; and at length Kamcke being puff 'd up
with his Favor ; and being moreover fupported
by all good Men, he vow'd the Deftruction of
the Prime Minifter, and his Creature, the Grand
Marfhal. He was fo cunning as to engage his
Coufin Kamcke in the Scheme, becaufe the latter
being Great Mafter of the Wardrofte, cou'd give
the Prime Minifter the fatal Blow with more
Eafe than any other Perfon ; and he fucceeded
happily ; for he aggravated to his Majefty the
Complaints of the People, and the Murmu-
rings of the whole Court, The Queen too
being prejudie'd by the Kamcke, fpoke fharply a-
gainft the King, who at laft confented to the re
moval

RUSSIA. 107

/

moval of a Minifter, whom till then he had
thought he could not be without.
This great Scene was open'd by the Difgrace
of the Count de Witgenftein, the Grand Marfhal
of the Court, and the Prime Minifter's Creature,
who was arretted in his Houfe on the 27th of
December at 10 o'clock at Night, by a Lieu
tenant of the Guards and ten Grenadiers. Next
day, about 9 in the Forenoon, M. de Gerfdorf,
Colonel of the Regiment of Guards, accompanied
by Stoffius, Treafurer of the Order of the Black
Eagle, came from the King to demand his Rib-
ban. He prefently reftor'd it, afluring them that
he was wrongfully maltreated ; but that never
thelefs he did not complain of the King, and
that they were only his Enemies who had im-
pos'd upon hjs Majefty's Goodnefs to ruin him.
Not long after an Officer of the Guards came in
and told him, that he had Orders to carry him
to Spandau. He made anfwer* that he was ready
to go wherever the King commanded him ;
only he defir'd Leave to write to his Mother-in-
law, who was the Queen's Lady of Honor. The
Officer told him, that he was forbid to let him
fpeak or write to any Perfon whatfoever ; and
then he took him with him into a Coach that was
attended by 12 Life-Guard Men,
The Noife of his Confinement being prefently
fpread throughout the Town, a Multitude of Peo
ple gather'd in a trice before his Houfe, every
one crying out .againft the Grand Marlhal, calling
him the People's Blood-fucker, and the Author
of all their Taxes. When they faw him put in
to a Coach to be carried to Spandau*, their Shouts
were doubled ; but the Grand Marfhal, without being
• See Vol. I p- 3-

io 8 The Court of
being fhock'd, let down the Glaffes of his Coach,
and told the furious Rabble, that he had been a
faithful Servant to his King, and that he had
never done any thing in his Adminiftration that
could be laid to his Charge ; but the Clamours of
the People hinder'd him from being heard, and he
went out of Town, laden with Curfes.
The Hatred that was manifefted againft him,
came from a Source which always touches the
People in the moft fenfible part ; he was fufpected
to have had a hand in the Creation of feveral
Taxes ; and to have been the Projector of the
Infurance-Office from Fire. The Eftablifhment
of this Office was very well defign'd ; for it un
dertook to indemnify private Perfons for the
Lofs they might have fuftain'd by Fire ; and for
this purpofe, every one was tax'd in a certain Sum
of Money, that there might always be a Fund
fufficient to anfwer the Loffes by Fires. Frauds
were foon committed in the Management of the
Moneys that feem'd i:o be appropriated for a very
good Ufe ; and by degrees that Eftablifhment,
Which was erected for the Relief of the People
in their extreme Neceffities, ferv'd only to op-
prefs them .
The Difgrace of the Grand Marfhal was foon
followed by that of the Prime Minifter. Two
days after the Confinement of the former, fhe
King ordered M. d'llgen one of his Minifters, and
principal Secretary of State, to demand the Seals
of his Prime Minifter, and to order him in his
Name to have nothing more to do with the Af
fairs of the Government. He receiv'd this
News with Courage, and faid to the Secretary
of State, that he never had any other Will but
his Majefty's, and that therefore he was ready to
obey his Orders. ' The next day he received Orders

Prussia. 109
Orders to quit the Palace, and to retire to his
Eftate at Wolferfdorff, a few Leagues from Ber
lin. He immediately made ready to be gone ;
but before he fet out, he fent to defire the
King to give him leave to wait on him, to thank
him for all the Favors he had receiv'd at his Ma
jefty's hands ; to which the King confented, and
the Prime Minifter appear'd with an Air fuitable
to the fituation of his Affairs. He put every
Wile in practice that is poffible to be of fervice
to a Minifter who has had long experience of a
Court, and a perfect Knowledge of his Mailer's
Temper ; he pray'd, he wept, but contrary to
his own Expectation and that of the whole Court,
the King continu'd fledfaft, and difmifs'd him,
tho' with all the poffible marks of Friendfhip
and Affection ; for when he was going out of his
Clofet the King call'd him back, and taking a
Ring of twenty thoufand Crowns from his Fin
gers, he gave it to him, and faid that he defir'd
him to keep it as a mark of his Efteem. Thus
did the King to his regret difmifs a Perfon,
whom if he had pleas'd he might ftill have kept
in his Service.
The Prime Minifter.the moment he went from
the King, fet out for Wolferfdorff, from whence he
wrote a very moving Letter to his Majefty to de-
fire him to accept of that Eftate for a Prefent,
together with his Wife's Garden which is now
the Queen's, (they call it Monbijou * ) and all his
Porcellane Ware. The King return'd him a
very obliging Anfwer, and accepted of the Pre-
fents he offer'd him, on condition however to
pay him for them ; and indeed not long after
the Count de Wartemberg receiv'd the Value of
them. Yet riotwithftanding this mark of E-
fteem
* See Vol, I. /. 3.

i to The Court of
fteem he was on the brink of being arretted,
and T* * * who was near the King's Perfon at
that critical Juncture, aflur'd me afterwards that
'twas Little Kamcke that had diverted the King
from it. The Count's Enemies had fo incens'd
his Majefty againft him, that the Order for his1
Arreft was juft ready to be difpatch'd, when
Little Kamcke reprefented to the King, that all
things duly confider'd, the Prime Minifter was
not To culpable as to deferve being arrefted ; that
Banifhment was fufficient ; that however, if his'
Majefty was apprehenfive, that the Count know-'
ing the Secrets of the State would difcover them
to other Powers, the only way was to fecure his
Fidelity to him by a handfome Penfion, on con
dition however that he fhould never lie out of
Francfort on the Main, where he Would be near
his Majefty's Territories and out of a Capacity to.
give him any Umbrage. The King approv'd of
this Advice, and fent to tell the Count that he
would continue a Penfion of twenty-four thou
fand Crowns to him for his Life, on condition
that he would promife not to ftir out of Franc-
fort. This was a very advantagious Offer, to a.
Man who trembled every moment for fear of
lofing his Liberty, and therefore without much
deliberation what to do, he thought of nothing
but packing up and carrying off the Wealth he
had heap'd together. When the Count and
Countefs came to Court they had not wherewith
al to fubfift ; but they went away with Millions,
and the Countefs alone had as many Diamonds
as were worth half a Million of Crowns. She
was mortally uneafy for fear of being ftripp'd of
her Treafure, till fhe faw herfelf quite out of the
King's Dominions, and then her Spirits began to
rife. Upon the Road they were overtaken by ari

Prussia. hi
an Exprefs, who brought an Order to the Count
de Wartemberg to deliver up the Golden Key
to- the Great Chamberlain, together with the
Commiffion of Hereditary Poft-Mafter ; which
he obey'd inftantly with very great Submiffion,
and afterwards continu'd his Journey towards
Francfort. The King gave the Chamberlain's Key to the
Great Kamcke, Grand-Mafter of his Wardrobe,
and the' Office of Poft-Mafter was executed in
Commiffion by Little Kamcke. As to the place
of Prime Minifter, it was not fill'd up ; and the
King, left it fhould be thought that he intended
to be ftill governed as he had been all along, de
clar'd he would have no more Prime Minifters*
Not long after the Count de Wartemberg's De
parture, the King fent for Count Chriftoper de
Dohna, and the Count de B . .. , to come to
Berlin. The former for fome time made a Fi
gure very like to that of a Firft Minifter, but had
not the Title. The Poft of Grand Marfhal was
fupply'd by M. de Printz, with the Applaufe of
the whole Court. The Count de Witgenftein was
reftor'd not long after to his Liberty, on paying
down a Fine to the King of fourfcore thoufand
Crowns. Thus, Madame* have you had the Ca-
taftrophe of the two chief Favorites of our
Court. I had left Berlin for fome. Months when this
great Revolution happen'd, of which I heard the
firft News at Hanover. I happen'd to-be with the
Electorefs when fhe received the Letter from the
King, that informed her of the Change he had
made at his Court, and of his Intention to be
for the future his own Prime Minifter. For my
part I was gone from Berlin with a defign to
travel, becaufe of fome very harfh words which/ the

H2 The Court of
the King faid to me one day when I had faiPd
to pay my Attendance as a Gentleman of the
Bed-Chamber. The Affiduity with which I
made my Court to the Margrave Philip fubjected
me to a very fharp Reprimand from the King.
What gave occafion to it was this, I endeavour'd
to be with the Margrave as often as poffible, tho'
indeed I was not there fo often as I wifh'd ; for
I don't think there was a Prince in the World to
whom a Man could make his Court with fo much
Pleafure and Freedom. As the Margrave was
almoft always at Schwedt^ it happen'd one day
that when 'twas my turn to wait on the King, I
took it in my head to ftay. at the Margrave's
Court, fo that a Man who happen'd to be then
going out of the Service was oblig'd to be con-
tinu'd in it fome time longer. The King afking
him the reafon, the Gentleman made him, An
fwer that I was the caufe of it, and that I had
not fo much as taken care to fpeak to any body
to officiate for me. I arriv'd in two or three
days, and enter'd into the Service the Week fol
lowing. The King who knew very well that rhy
Attachment to the Margrave his Brother was the
only caufe of my Abfence from my Poft, afk'd
me as foon as I made my Appearance before him,
whether I ferv'd his Brother or him, and why I
did not do my Duty better ? I was fo thunder-
ftruck at the manner with which the King faid
thefe few words to me, that really I don't re
member in the leaft what I faid for my Excufe ;
but I don't forget, that whether he thought my
Plea good or bad, he made me no Anfwer. I
was fo nettled at this Rebuke from the King in
the prefence of feveral Perfons, that I refolv'd to
be gone out of fight for a while; the better to
digeft my Refentment. I therefore afk'd his
Majefty's
4

Prussia. 113
Majefty's Leave to travel, which I eafily obtain'dj
on condition however that I fhould not go to
France. For the King was then at War with
that Crown, which befides did not look upon
him in any other Light than as Elector.
As foon as I had obtain'd a Permiffion to
travel, I prepar'd to fet out, but after having
taken Leave of their Majefties, I went to pafs
a few days more at the Court of the Margrave
Philip : And the Margravine engag'd me to go
to Deffau to pay my Devoirs there to the Prin
cefles her Sifters. I had the Honor to find them
at Oranjebaum, a Houfe built by the
¦late Princefs of Orange, their Mother ; and 'tis
a magnificent Palace, worthy of the Princefs by
whofe Order it was erected. I ftay'd there
eight or ten Days, and then continu'd my Jour
ney towards the Duchy of Hanover, where I
wanted to go and fee my Mother, before I en
gag'd farther in the great Journey that I had in
my Thoughts.
From Oranjebaum I went to *Hall in Saxo
ny, which is a City that belongs to the King,
and is a part of the Duchy of Magdebcurg. The
Courts of Juftice and the Regency of the Duchy
were formerly held in this City, but now they
are kept in the City of Magdebourgf. And
Hall is only remarkable for its Univerfity which
Was founded in 1695, and for its excellent Salt-
Works. From Hall I went to Halber-
s t a D t, the Qpital of a Principality of the
fame Name. This City was for eight hundred
Years fubject to its Bifhops till it was fecula-
rizjd and yielded by the Treaty of Weftphalia
Vol. III. I i"
* See Vol. I. p- 82, 85, 377, 380.
f See Vol. I. A 48, 80.

H4 Halberstadt.
in 1648, to the Electoral Family of Brandenburg.
The River here is very fmall, for which reafon
the Trade of this Town is inconfiderable ; but
as it is the Seat of the Regency of the Principa
lity, and of the Courts of Juftice, tis much fre
quented. Its Cathedral Church, which is worth
feeing, belongs to a Chapter wherein the Catho
lics and the Proteftants are equally admitted,
and both have the Liberty of their Public Wor-
fhip. The Catholics have feveral Convents in
the Town, of which that of the Recollets is the
moft beautiful, and their Church is very fine.
Thefe Fryars fay they owe their Foundation to
the ancient Counts of Regenftein, who were here
tofore Feudataries to the Houfe of Brunfwic,
and whofe Lands belong now to the King, not-
withftanding the very fair Pretenfions of the
Dukes of Brunfwic, and efpecially of the Duke
of Blankenbourg, Father to the Emprefs, to
whofe fhare thofe Pretenfions devolv'd. In
1709 this Prince gave a Sum of Money for new
vamping the Tomb of their Founder, which
they have done, and moreover added a Latin
Infcription to it in Capital Letters of Gold.
When the King went to Halberftadt he honor'd
this Convent with his Prefence, on which occa-
fion the Father-Guardian preach'd before him
and gave the Sacramental Benediction, becaufe
his Majefty had a mind to fee the Ceremonies
of the Catholic Church.
From Halberftadt I went to Wolfem-
buttle*, which City is- the common Re-
fidence of the Dukes of Brunfwic. 'Tis built
only of Timber, and has no remarkable Struc
ture but the Palace which is very fine, and the
Library which is worthy of the Obfervation of
the
• f<x\cl. I. /•:<;.

WOLFEMBUTTLE; 1 1 5
the Learned and the Curious, not only for the
Beauty of the Room and the regular Difpofition
of the Books, but for the Number of the Printed
Volumes and Martufcripts. As foon as I ar
riv'd I fent to know if I might have the Honor
of waiting on the Duke, who was then at Saltz-
dahl, a League from Wolfembuttle. From this
City to the Caftle the Road is lin'd with a very
fine Row of Trees. His Highnefs having per
mitted me to pay him my Refpects, I waited on
him, and was receiv'd with extraordinary Kind-
nefs. This Prince, who was then fourfcore Years
of Age, had neverthelefs all the Prefence of Mind
and all the Vigour of a Man of thirty. I be
lieve it needlefs to obferve to you that the Per-
fon whom I have the Honor to mention to you
was the late Duke Anthony-Ulric. This Duke
befides a fuperior Underilanding knew many
things, which Princes are glad to abandon to
Perfons of a mean Condition. If you have read
the Romance of Oilavia, and his Tranflation of
feveral of Corneille's and Racine's Tragedies, you
Will readily own that no Perfon ever wrote in
our Language more politely. This Prince was
alfo perfect Mafter of the Roman Hiftory, which
he had made his particular Study. He had
moreover a wonderful Tafte for every thing that
was Elegant, and efpecially for the Liberal Arts.
One may judge of the Skill he had in Archi
tecture by his Caftle of Saltzdahl, which is a
Structure not inferior in Magnificence to any
that has been rais'd by Sovereign Princes. In
this Caftle, befides immenfely rich Furniture,
there is a numerous but choice Collection of Pic
tures that are put up in a great Gallery, which is
one of the fineft Rooms in all Germany. The
I 2 Duke

Il6 WoLFEMBUf Ttg.
Duke did me the Honor after I had din'd to
carry me to it.
The Ducal Family of Brunfwic was at that
time no more than the Duke Anthony -JJlric, and
his two Sons, of whom the prefent Duke Regent
was the eldeft. Tho' this Prince has been three
times married he has had no Iffue, fo that the
only one of the Family that has had Children
is the Duke of Blankenbourg, who marry'd a
Princefs of Oetingen, by whom he has had three
Daughters, the eldeft of whom wears the Im
perial Crown, the fecond was marry'd to a Prince
of the Czarian Family, and the third to the
Prince of Brunfwic-Bevern prefumptive Heir
of the Dominions of Wolfembuttle.
The Ducal Family of Brunfwic is intirely
Lutheran ; yet the late Duke Anthony died a
Catholic, to which Religion he- was converted
a little before his Death. The Enemies of his
Reputation affected to give out, that Ambition
was the motive of his entring into the Pale of
the Church, and that the Bifhopric of Hilde-
fheim or the Electorate of Cologne, which were
both vacant at that time by the Elector's being
put under the Ban of the Empire, was the View
of his Converfion : but 'tis eafy to perceive that
this Reproach is nothing but meer Calumny, if
it be confider'd, that the Duke of Brunfwic
confider'd only in that Quality had too high a
Rank in the Empire to be flatter'd with the E-
pifcopal or Electoral Dignity, efpecially at the
Age of fourfcore, and when he could not hope
for Pofterity to inherit either. 'Tis very certain
that the Converfion of this Prince was the Ef
fect of a long Examination which he had made
of the Religion that he embrac'd, he having en-
tertain'd Thoughts of it for fevsral years. When he

WOLFEMBUT TL E. Iiy
he confented that his Grand-Daughter fhould
be married to the Emperor, it was demanded of
that Princefs, that fhe fhould abjure the Reli
gion in which fhe had been educated. There
was at that time an Aflembly of the ableft Di
vines in Germany, who agreed as the French
Minifters did when Henry IV. confulted them a-
bout his Converfion, that Salvation was to be
had in the Catholic Religion. This Confeffion
of the Minifters was fome encouragement to the
timorous Princefs, who being but young and
very tender- confcienc'd, thought there was Dan
ger in taking fuch a Step. The Duke, in order
to reconcile her thoroughly to it, promis'd her
to turn Catholic himfelf ; and Imhoff his Mini
fter did the fame. As the latter was a Man of
good Senfe, and moreover of great Probity, he
had acquir'd his Mailer's Confidence, and as Re
ligion had for fome time paft the principal Share
in their Converfation, Imhoff after having weigh'd
every thing well, could not deny, that the Ca
tholic was the only true Religion ; and he made
his Abjuration of the Proteftant, fome time after
the Princefs. The Duke was a good while lon
ger before he took this Step ; for tho' he was a
real Catholic in his Heart, he was willing to pre
pare his Subjects for this Alteration by gentle
means ; but when he receiv'd a Letter from
his Grand -Daughter, he made no longer Delay.
This Princefs arriving at Barcelona, and hearing
that the Duke had not yet perform'd the Pro-
mife he made to change his Religion, fhe wrote
a long Letter to him, wherein fhe let him know
how uneafy fhe was, for fear that the Religion
which he had advis'd her to chufe was not the
true Religion, becaufe he was fo long in embra
cing it himfelf. Then thd Duke declar'd him^
* I 3 ^lf

118 Brunswic.
felf, and convinc'd his Grand -Daughter, that
not content with having procur'd her one of the
principal Crowns in this World, he had alfo done
his Endeavor to fecure her another that was more
glorious and more durable.
After the Duke had embrac'd the Catholic
Religion, he caus'd a Church to be built at
Brunswic*, which is a City but two fmall
Leagues from Wolfembuttle, thro' a very ftrait
Road, lin'd on both fides with Trees. When I
had taken a good View of all that was worth
feeing at Saltzdahl, I came to this City, which
I found did not come up near to the Notion I
had of it ; neverthelefs 'tis the Capital of the
Duchy of Brunfwic. They fay 'twas built Anno
S6S, by Bruno the Son of Alphonfus Duke of
Saxony, who call'd it after his own Name. It
was afterwards very much enlarg'd by the Empe
ror Henry the Faulconer. 'Twas formerly rank'd
among the chief Hanfe Towns, and govern'd it
felf after the manner of a Republic, pretending to
be independent of its Dukes, who always op-
pos'd it's Liberty Sword in hand, and 'twas, not
without great difficulty that they brought it in
Subjection to them. Henry Duke of Brunfwic,
furnam'd the Toung, befieg'd it three times, but
always in vain. At length in 1617, the City
was compell'd to perform Homage to Puke Fre-
deric-Ulric, the then Regent. Neverthelefs it
preferv'd its Privileges, which ftill gave it an
Appearance of Freedom till 1 67 1, when Rodolph
Auguftus, Duke of Brunfwic -Wolfembuttle, made
himfelf abfolute Mafler of it. Duke Anthony
JJlric once had a Defign to fortify this Place, and
the Duke his Son feem'd at firft to have the fame
Intention ;
* See; Vol. I. p. 69, 75.

Brunswic, Zell. 119
Intention ; but afterwards he chofe rather to
have noble Structures erected in it, amongft which
there's a very great Palace, where ten Sovereigns
might lodge without incommoding one another.
This Prince caus'd it to be built for the Duchefs
his Wife, in cafe fhe fhould furvive him ; and
no Coft was fpar'd to render it one of the richeft
and moft magnificent Palaces that was ever feen,
to the intent that the Charms of fo fine a Habi
tation might contribute in fome meafure to make
the Duchefs more cheerful in her melancholy
State of Widowhood ; which indeed could not
but be the more fo to the Princefs, becaufe by
lofing her Hufband, fhe mutt alfo lofe her So
vereignty ; for they had no Children, and the
Duke was too old for them ever to expect any.
This is the only Palace in Brunfwic that is re
markable. The Duke of Blankenbourg's, 'tis
true, is very large, and has very fine Apartments,
but is old, and has nothing extraordinary ; it
joins to the Church of St. Alaife, which is the
principal Church, and the Place where feveral of
the Dukes are buried. On the Square over a-
gainft the Church, there's a Lion of Brafs, on a
very high Pedeftal, reprefenting that which they
fay was tam'd by the Duke Henry furnam'd the
Lion, to fuch a degree, that the terrible Animal
follow'dfiim wherever he went ; and even after
the Duke's Death and Interment in the Church
of St. Alaife, the Lion went towards the Church
Door, try'd to break it open, ftay'd there in
fpite of all the Attempts to take him off, and
died on the very Spot, for Grief that he had loft
his Mafter.
I afterwards went to Zel l*, and from thence
1 4 to
* See the Defcription and State of this Town, Vol. I. p.
6 1, 68. where you will find a pleafant Remark upon the French that

i2o Zell, Hanover.
to Hanover. The firft of thefe Towns is
fmall, and has nothing remarkable. It was for- ¦
merly the common Refidence of the Dukes of
Zell, who had a very commodious Caftle in it ;
but fince that Country devolv'd by Inheritance
to the Houfe of Hanover, there's nothing re
maining here but the Courts of Juftice and the
Regency. tHanover is the Capital of the Electorate,
and the Seat of the Electors. This Court was
always one of the politeft in Germany, efpecially
during the Life of the late Princefs Sophia, the
Electorefs Dowager and Mother. This Auguft
Princefs, who was defcended from the moft il-
luftrious Blood in Europe, was the Daughter of
the unhappy Frederic, the Elector Palatine, and of
the Princefs of Englan d, Daughter of K.James I.
by whom the Right of Succeffion to the Crown
of England devolv'd to the Houfe of Hanover.
This Princefs, tho' fhe was full Fourfcore when
I was at Hanover, labour'd under none of thofe
Infirmities, which one would think to be infepa-
rable from fo great an Age : She was really a
Prodigy for Vivacity and Memory ; fhe fpoke
French, Englijh and Italian as well as her Mo
ther-Tongue, and had moreover a wonderful
juft v/ay of Thinking, which fhe had taken the
pains to cultivate by great Reading. This Prin
cefs had been the Mother of feveral Children,
of whom there were then but three Princes fur-
viving, viz, the eldeft, who was then the Elector,
and afterwards King of Great Britain ; the
fecond whofe Name was Duke Maximilian ; and the
that fwarmM there in the Time of the laft Duchefs, whes
was a French Lady of the Olbreufe Family.
f See Vol. I. /. 63, 68, &c.

Hanover. 121
the third the Duke Erneft Auguftus, afterwards
Bifhop of Ofnabrug and Duke of Tork.
Or the Electorefs's three Sons, none but the
Elector had any Children ; and thefe are the E-
lectoral Prince, now King of England, and the
Princefs Royal, now our Queen.
The Electoral Prince's Family was more nu
merous. He has had a Son and feveral Daugh
ters by the Princefs of Brandenburg- Anfpach. I
had the Honor of waiting on the Princes and
Princefles the very next day after my Arrival,
and was received very gracioufly, efpecially by
the Electorefs Mother, who all the Time that I
ftaid at Court, honor'd me with her fpecial
Protection. I fpent all the Carnival time at this Court,
where 'twas open'd on the 2d day of January by
a French Comedy, after which there was Play and
a Drawing- Room at the Electorefs's Apartment
till ten o'clock at Night. Next day there was
a Ridotto in imitation of that of Venice, that is
to fay, a public Ball, to which every body was
admitted that had a Mafk, but not with Arms.
This Ball was held at the Town-Houfe, every
other day during the whole Carnival. In the
fame Room where the Ridotto was perform'd,
they play'd at Ombre and Picquet, and in another
at Baffet ; there was a third Room in which the
Tables were cover'd with a cold Treat ; and
next to this third Room there was a fourth, in
which were diftributed Coffee, Chocolate, Li
quors, CifV.
I had a very great Share in all the Diverfions
of the Carnival, being then at an Age when no
thing is fo much minded as Pleafures ; efpeci
ally when a Perfon has Money" enough to keep
him from the Uneafinefs, which is the neceffary
confequence

122 Hanover.
confequence of the want of that precious Metal.
Of this I was now furnifh'd with a handfome
Stock, and therewith cut a very gay Figure ;
but was foon oblig'd to leffen my Expences, be
caufe nothing would ferve me but I muft try a
fatal Experiment, in which I was bit. I had a
mind to try Fortune at Gaming; and play'd at
firft with pretty good Luck ; but afterwards the
Chance turn'd, and I was foon in a very great
Quandary what to do with my Perfon, being nei
ther able to proceed in my Journey, nor return
from whence I came •, and much lefs to ftay at
Hanover, where I had always made fome Figure.
I then did what young Fellows us'd to do in
fuch a Situation ; that is to fay, made feveral
Bargains, but none to my Advantage. At laft
I was oblig'd to expofe my Circumftances to my
Mother, who was ftill my Guardian. I had
much ado to get the Money of her that I want
ed ; but I wrote fuch moving Letters to her,
that fhe was fenfible at laft that fhe was my Mo
ther, and after having made me wait a little
while, fhe was fo good as to fend me the ne-
ceffary Sums.
This little Diforder in my Affairs happen'd at
a very unfeafonable Time : for the Electorefs
had been fo kind as to get a Paflport for me to
go to Paris, by means of the late Madame of
France ; but as the fame was only granted for
two Months, 'twas impoflible for me to make
ufe of it, having been oblig'd to fpend almoft all
that time in contriving Expedients to retrieve my
Finances. The Money that my Mother was fo kind as to
fend me, put me again into a Condition of tra
velling. The Emperor Jofeph's Death happen
ing at that time, I refolv'd to go and fee the E-
lection

Hanover, Minden. 123
lection of a new Emperor. This great Princedied
at Vienna, the 1 7th of May, at 3 2 years of Age and
nine Months. He left the Imperial Throne va
cant, but his other Crowns devolv'd by Here
ditary Right to his Brother. As foon as that Em
peror died, the Emprefs Mother aflum'd the
Government of his Hereditary Kingdoms and
Dominions, in the Abfence of the King her Son,
to whom fhe fent an Exprefs to carry the News,
as fhe did alfo to each of the Electors. The
Saxon and Palatine Electors, as Vicars of the
Empire, took Care of the Government of it
during the Inter-regnum ; and the Elector of
Mentz, as Great Chancellor of the Empire,
wrote circular Letters (which are call'd Letters of
Intimation) to invite the Electors to the Aflem-
bly that was to be at Francfort for the enfuing
Election. A S this Affembly was not to be till Auguft,
I went in the mean while to Holland. The firft
Town I pafs'd thro' after I left Hanover, was
Minden, which is a Town upon the Wefer,
encompafs'd with Walls, and defended by fome
plalf-Moons, which neverthelefs don't hinder
one's feeing every thing that paffes in the Square
from a Hill that commands the Town, and from
whence 'tis an eafy matter to beat itto the ground.
' Twas formerly a Hanfe Town, being a part of
Weftphalia, and had always the Title of a Bifhop-
ric, till the Treaty of Munfter, when it was
feculariz'd, and given to the Family of Branden^
burg, who fettled a Regency here. It always
retain'd two Chapters, one of Canons, and the
Other of Cananefles, into which the Ladies muft
make proof of their Nobility to be admitted.
The famous Count Tilly, General of the Impe
rial Troops, when he was purfuing Maurice the
Landgrave

124 Minden, Hervorden.
Landgrave of Heffe-Caffel, attack'd and took this
Place in 1626, when the General, exafperated
with the Town, which tho' extremely weak, refu-
fed to comply with the very advantagious Terms
that he offer'd it, took it by Storm, and put
near 3000 Men, Soldiers and Inhabitants, to the
Sword. As I proceeded, I paffed thro' Hervorden,
' which is an ill-built Town, in the County of
Ravenfberg. 'Tis an Imperial Town, and yet
the Kingmaintains aGarifon in it.There's aChap -
ter of Ladies, the Abbefs of which is a Native
Princefs of the Empire ; and indeed this is what
the Town is moft remarkable for, it being other-;
wife not very confiderable any more than the
Towns of Lipstadt and Ham. Thefe belong
both to the King, of which the firft is fortify'd,
and Juftice is therein adminifter'd, in the Name
of the King and the Count de la Lippe, who has
half of the Revenue. Every thing relating to
the Fortifications or the Garifon, is the King's.
The Baron de Heiden, General of the Horfe, was
Governor of it when I was there.
After having left thefe two Places, there is
no confiderable Town till we come to Wesel,
which ftands upon the Rhine, and is a part of
the Duchy of Cleves. 'Tis now one of the
ftrongeft Places in Europe ; for the King, who
was about fortifying it when I was there, orde
red that no Coil fhould be fpar'd to carry the
Works to the utmoft Perfection. The Perfon
he employ'd to direct them was M. Bot a French
man, and Governor of the Place, one of the
ableft Engineers now living. When I had
retted a few days at Wefel, I fell down the Rhine
to Nmeguen, and by the way faw Emmerick
and Sckenk. Emmerick is a Hanfe Town up-
1 on

Nimeguen, Leyden. 125
on the Rhine, which was taken by the French m
1652, and reftor'd two years after to the Elector
of Brandenburg. Schenk, which is the firft place
in Holland, ftands at the Point where the Rhine
divides it felf into two Branches, one of which
is call'd Vahal, and the other retains the Name
of th.e Rhine. This Place was built in 1586,
by Martin Schenk a Gueldrian, from whom it
took the Name.
Nimeguen * is built upon a Hill which rifes
by degrees to the very Centre of the Place, and
is part of the Province of Guelderland. This
Town is famous for having been taken and re
taken in the War the Dutch carry'd on with
Spain for preferving their Liberty. That Crown
was oblig'd at laft to yield it to the Dutch, from
whom Lewis XIV. took it in 1672 ; but it was
reftor'd to them foon after. 'Twas in this Place
that the Peace was concluded between France
and the Allies in 1678. At the beginning of
the War for the Spanifh Succeffion, the Duke
of Burgundy endeavor'd to make himfelf Mafter
of it, but he had not the Fortune to fucceeed.
The Dutch have made it very ftrong, it being
their main Bulwark towards the Duchy of Cleves.
To go by Land from Nimeguen to Utrecht,
I crofs'd the Vahal over a Flying-Bridge. I
fhall not fpeak of this City now ; for I did not
ftay there, but went flrait to Leyden -f , a City
in the Province of Holland, famous for its Uni-
verfity, founded in 1575.
This is without difpute one of the fineft Ci
ties in all the United Provinces. 'Tis fituate in
the ancient Channel of the Rhine. The Streets
which are broad and very long^ are extremely neat,
* See Vol. II. p. 3^5- 370-
\ See Vol. 11./. 396-

*26 -Leyden, Hague.
neat, and are for the moft part divided by Ca^
nals, that are of a great Convenience to its'
Trade, which confifts. chiefly in Woollen Cloth,
whereof the City of Leyden makes more than
any other Town in Holland. There's a Library1
alfo in this City, which is a very good Collecti
on of the moft curious printed Volumes, and
a great Number of very fearce old MSS. Here
is likewife a Phyfic-Garden worth feeing , and ef
pecially a Hall for Anatomies, in which there
is all manner of Curiofities. This Citv fuftain'd
a Siege by the Spaniards in 1 5 74, when the
Dutch fhook off their Tyrants Yoke. During
this the City was reduc'd to the laft Extremity,
the Siege having continu'd from Eafter to the 3d
of Otlober, when the Spaniards were oblig'd to
retire. Tho' Leyden is a very pretty City, yet I
take it to be one of the dulleft Places in all Hol-
land to live in ; for go where one will, we meet
with fuch fickly Countenances as makes one me
lancholy to fee them : not but that the Town's-
People are as healthy here as elfe where ; only
the Habit they have got of appearing always in
their Night-Gowns, and of even walking the
Streets in them, makes them look more like Vale
tudinarians, than People in Health.
After a few days ftay at Leyden, I Went to the
Hague*, which. I think may well be call'd the
principal Village of Europe, it having neither
Walls nor Ramparts ; but bating that, 'tis one of
the pleafanteft Places in all Holland ; it being fo
delightful that the States General have chofe it,
preferably to any other, for holding their Affem-
blies ; and here alfo refide the Minifters of the
Foreign Courts. There is not a Place in all
Holland
* See Vol. II. p. 398.

Hague. 127
Holland that yields fuch fine Walks, and the
People are polite and much more fociable than
in any other part of the Country. Moft of the
People of Quality meet every Evening alternate
ly at one another's Houfes : Thefe Aflemblies
would be much finer than they are in genera], if
the Company was not fo promifcuous ; but the
Freedom of the Country, and the Wealth of the
Inhabitants, very often fet the Burgher upon a
Level with the Man of Quality, and fometimes
too above him.
The Houfes at the Hague are very fine, yet
they are all without the Rules of Architecture,
without Ornament, and in a manner without
Regularity, excepting the Pa'aces of the Old
Court and of Prince Maurice, and the Houfe of
M. Obdam. There's not a Houfe in fhort that
has the air of a great Man's Houfe ; the inner
Rooms are commonly very mean, and not very
commodious ; they have no Notion of Anti-
Chambers ; the Domeftics pafs their Time in
the Kitchens or the Entries ; and, except at the
Houfes of Ambaffadors, what we call a Swifs
or Porter, is nowhere to be feen. There's a
great Number of Jews at the Hague, who make
a fine Figure, efpecially the Portuguefe Jews.
Thefe Gentlemen have the Equipages of Am
baffadors, with magnificent Houfes and Gardens;
and they often make Treats with the utmoft
Delicacy and Splendor. They are admitted in
to all Companies, and only differ from the Chri-
flians of this Country by being poffefs'd of
much more Wealth, and living at a far greater
Expence. I knew one of 'em whofe Name was
Duliz, that was very much efteem'd : He was
good-natur'd, generous, extremely charitable, and
reliev'd all indifferently that were Objects of
3 Compaffion

128 D E Lt T.
Compaflion, without giving himfelf the Trouble
of enquiring whether the Sharers of his Bounty
were Jews or Chriftians : And to my own know
ledge he contributed as freely for the Mainte
nance of a Church, as if it had been his own Sy
nagogue. When I had ftaid about a Month at the
Hague, I fet out to fee the chief Towns of Hol
land. The two firft that one comes to are Delft
and Rotterdam. * Delft is a League from the
Hague. They fay that this Town was built by
Godfrey the Crooked when he had conquer'd this
Country ; and that Albert of Bavaria having
made himfelf mafter of it, demolifh'd its Walls
and Caftle. It was entirely burnt to the ground
by Accident in 1536, and afterwards re-built.
The like Misfortune happen'd to it again in 1 654,
when the Powder Magazine took fire, and the
Town, tho' not totally confum'd, was neverthe
lefs very much damag'd. It was again entirely
re-built in the general Tafte of all the Towns of
Holland, that is to fay, with Canals. There are
two fine Churches at Delft, in the Chief of
which there is the Tomb of Prince William of
Orange, who was aflaflinated in this Town in
1584, by Belthazar Gerard, a Native of Franche-
Comte ; and in the other Church there is the
Tomb of the famous Dutch Admiral Martin
Trompe, which is of Marble, with a very fine In
fcription, and beautiful Baflb-Relievo's, which re-
prefent the principal Actions of that great Man.
'Twas in this Town, that the Plenipotentiaries of
France refided during the Congrefs of Ryfwic.
All Ambaffadors are receiv'd here on the part of
the States, and 'tis here that they begin their
March
* See Vol. II. p. 400, 425,

Rotterdam, Dort. 129
March for their public Entry at the Hague. The
Road which leads to it is lin'd with Elms, and
entirely pav'd with Brick. There is not a
Place in, all Holland where fo many Paflage-BoatS
are continually coming and going. They fet out
every Half-hour for the Hague, and every Hour
for Rotterdam. Thefe Boats are the favorite Car
riers! of the Country, and they are the moft con
venient Paflage, not only for the Regularity of
their Departure and Arrival, but becaufe the Fare
is fettled. I forgot to tell you, that Delft is the
Plage where they make the fine Earthen Ware.
From Delft . I went and lay at Rotter
dam*. This City* which ftands upon the Maefe,
is fecond to Amfterdam for Trade, notwithftand-
ing the Difficulty of entring the Maefe, at the
Mouth of which River Ships are oblig'd to ftay
for the Tide, and for a Pilot that knows the Coaft.
They fay that Rotterdam derives its Origin from
RutherKing of the Franks. This City is large and
well built ; and by its feveral Canals has a conve
nient Communication . with all the Towns of
Holland. The only Monument at Rotterdam is
a Statue of Brafs in the great Square, reprefenting
the famous ErafmuSj to whom this City gave
Birth. From Rotterdam' I went to Dor t, or
Dordrecht, which is a very ancient Town,
and the firft in Rank in the Dominions of Holland.
It. ftands in an Ifland between the Maefe, the
Merwe, the Rhine; and the Ling, having been
broke off from the main Land in 142 1, by an
tnundaition, which laid almoft all its Territory
under -Waterj and drown'd about 100,000 Per
fons. All thefe Rivers form a kind of Sea ; fo
Vol. III. K ihas
* See Vol. II- /• -4* ft

130 DoRf, Amsterdam.
that at a diftance the Situation of this Town
looks very much like that of Venice. This Place
was anciently the Refidence' of the Counts of
Holland, one of whom, viz. Albert' of Bavaria,
founded a Collegiate Churchy here in 1363. The
Proteftants affembled that famous National Sy
nod here in 161 8, which did not feparate till the
year following, after having eftablifti'd that Re
ligion which prevails at this time in the United
Provinces. When I had ftaid at Dort as long as was ne-
cefiary to fee the Town and Parts adjacent, I re
turn'd to Rotterdam, from whence I went next
day in a Boat for Amsterdam *. This is the
moft famous City in all Holland, its Extent, vaft
Trade and Riches being the Admiration of all
Foreigners ; and what is more furprizing is, that
it owes its Aggrandizement to itfelf, and its great
Wealth to its Commerce. 'Tis faid that this
City was not known before the Year 1204 ; and
that then it was no more than a little Caftle
call'd Antftel, from the Name of the River on
which it was built. The then Lord of it, Gyf-
brecht 'van Amftel brought Inhabitants to it, who
were for moft part poor Cottagers, that carried
on a fmall Trade with their Neighbours by means
of their Fiftiery ; and at laft by the force of In-
duftry throve fo well, that Amftel from a. Village,
became in a few years, a very confiderable Town,
which was always fubject to its own Lords, till
a fecond Gyfbrecht being concern'd in the Aflaf-
fination of Florence V. Count of Holland, was
oblig'd for fome time to get out of the way,
which prov'd to the Detriment of Amfterdam ;
but Gyfbrecht returning at length began to
build
* See Vol.11, p. 31;, 371,

A M S TE RDAMi t^t
pufld Bridges and Towers, as he did feveral
Houfes at the fame time in the neighbouring
Country ; and then they began to call the Place
Amfteldam, by the Addition of the Word Dam,
L e; a Dyke, to its former Name of Amftel. This
little Town was united afterwards to the County
Of Holland. William IV. Sovereign of the Coun
try* gave it feveral Privileges in 1342. Thefe
Albert of Bavaria confirm'd afterwards, by gi
ving the Inhabitants a Power alfo of enlarging
the Town* which by its Situation, and the In-
duftry of the Inhabitants to improve its Com
merce, foori became confiderable ; yet it conti
nued without any Walls, even fo long as the
Year 1482. In the 16th Century this City in-
creas'd confiderably in Power ; and during the
Troubles which arofe on account of Religion*
took great Care to preferve the Catholic R eligi-
on, and their due Allegiance to its Princes. It
tufn'd out the Minifters of the Reformed Reli
gion, and all that had embraced that Doctrine fe
veral times; But at length finding its Trade
decay ; and that the Succours brought to it by
the Duke of Alva,, Governor of the Netherlands,
were fcatter'd, 'twas obliged to furrender to the
Prince of Orange in 1 5 8 7* on condition never
thelefs that the Catholics fhould not be moleft-
ed. This indeed was promis'd, but not duly
perform'd ; for the Clergy and Friars were foon
after expell'd, and the Altars demolifh'd ; the
confequence of which was the putting an entire
flop to all the public Exercife of the Catholic
Religion. The War which the Inhabitants of
Amfterdam had upon their hands, and the Per-
fecution of the Catholics had hurt its Trade very
much, till the Civil Wars kindled in the neigh^
bourin°- Provinces drove feveral Merchants
K 2 from

132 Amsterdam.
from Brufjels, Antwerp, &c. to Amfterdam, where'
thefe new Citizens contributed fo much to the
Revival of its Commerce, that they have ren
der'd it one of the fineft and richeft Cities in Be
ing ; and 'tis commonly called, The Warehoufe of
the World.
If the Situation of Amfterdam be duly confide-.
red, it may be faid to be one of the Wonders of
the World. It ftands fo low, that it wou'd be
continually in danger of being drown'd, were
not the Water kept out by Dykes as high as the
Waves. The River Amftel, fo gentle that one
can hardly perceive which way it runs, paries'
thro' the whole City, and forms the great Canal
over which there are two Bridges. That which
is at the Mouth of the Sea, call'd the Pont-neuf?
is one of the fineft of the kind* not only for its'
Sluices, but for the noble View there is from'
thence of the Harbor, where Ships are continu
ally going out or coming in from all parts of the
World. Befides the Great Canal, there are
others which deferve to be taken notice" of, as,
The Emperors Canal, The Lords Canal; that of
thtCingle, and the Princes Canal : All thefe Canals
are broad and deep, and furnifti'd with great
Kays. The Sides are fac'd with Free-ftone or
Brick, and adorn'd with Lime-Trees and Elms.
Very fine Houfes are built on moft of thefe
Kays, and efpecially upon the Kay of The
Lords Canal ; and new ones are building eve
ry day, which are very beautiful; and tho*
they are fmall, and not in the Rules of Archi
tecture, have a certain Air of Neatnefs which is-
to be found no where elfe. Almoft all the
Houfes have very fine Steps of fhining black
Marble, and noble Window-Frames, with very
fine Panes, which are often of polifh'd Glafs. The

Amsterdam. 133
The Streets of Amfterdam are generally pretty
narrow, yet very fine and neat ; and on certain
Days of the Week great Care is taken to wafh
them. I muft tell you by the way, that there
is not a place where the People are fo fond of
wafhing as they are at Amfterdam ; for they fcour
the infide of their Houfes every Week without
fail, together with the Furniture of the Kitchen ;
fo that they are always in fhe Suds. 'Tis true, that
without thjs Care every thing would grow mouldy
and fpoil, as Foreigners have very often experi-
enc'd, who, how loth foever to comply with
this fort of Slavery, which they thought only
the Fafhion of the Country, were foon oblig'd
to fubmit to it : And I believe, that were it not
for this Neceflity of always wafhing, the Dutch
wou'd not lofe fo much Time about it ; for in
other refpects I have nqt obferv'd 'em fo nice,
Thefe People wear a Shirt for a Fortnight very
well under a nafty, greafy Woollen Waiftcoat ;
and their manner of eating is as flovenly j for
the Generality know no Forks but their Fin
gers, wherewith they fcoop up the Sallad fwim-
ming in the Vinegar, which is commonly their
favorite Difh *.
Qf all the Public Buildings at Amfterdam, the
Stadthoufe is certainly the moft magnificent,
'Tis a great Pile built of Free-ftones very finely
fet, and forms a long Square. The 7 Porticoes
which are in the main Front, and which the Ar
chitect has reduc'd to the number of 7, to denote
the 7 United Provinces, are looked upon as a
defect in Architecture ; for they are fo narrow,
that three Perfons can fearce walk a-breaft in
them : which indeed is contrary to the Rules of
K 3 Architecture,
* They who are well acquainted with Holland know that
the Author could only draw this Character for the very
Pf egs of the People.

134 Amsterdam,
Architecture, but yet no Fault in a Building,
which like the Stadt- houfe is frequently expos'd
to the Rage and Riots of a People as turbulent
as the Ainfler darners. Thefe feven Porticoes lead
to two Gates at the Foot of the Grand Stair-Cafe,
I don't pretend, Madame, to give you all the
particular Beauties of this Structure, being not
acquainted enough with the Rules, or even the
Terms of Architecture, to prefume to enter into
any Defcription of this nature ; therefore I fhall
confine my felf to what moft ftrikes the Eye.
The Pediment of the principal Front was to
my mind well fancy 'd. 'Tis adorn'd with a Re
lievo of white Marble, in which a Woman is re
prefented fupporting the Arms of the City.
There is alfo a Neptune, fome Figures of Heroes,
Lions, Unicorns, and the whole is of admirable
Workmanfhip. This Pediment is crown'd with
three fine Statues of Brafs, which denote Juftice,
Power and Plenty. On the very Top of this
whole Building there's a Tower in form of a
Dome. Here is a very fine Clock with Chimes,
which are a pretty Amufement for fuch as are
fond of that fort of Mufic.
The Infide of this Houfe is every part of it
very magnificent. The Chamber where they
pafs Sentence on Criminals is lin'd throughout
with Marble, and adorn'd with Baffo-Relievo's,
reprefenting all the Emblems and Attributes of
Juftice. That which is moft admirM there is a
fine Marble Statue reprefenting Themis. This
Room is rais'd very high, and a little too dark ;
yet 'tis fo contriv'd, that all the People in the
Square may fee the Criminals try^. The three
Porticoes at the Entrance anfwer to the three
Windows of this Hall, which Windows inftead of

Amsterdam. 135
of Glafs, have noble Bars of Brafs curioufly
wrought. The Great Hall is another ftately Room, to
which there's an Afcent by a large Stair- Cafe
with two Flights. All the Walls are lin'd with
Baffo-Relievo's of Marble, intermix'd with fine
Paintings. There are two Galleries or Corridors
at the two ends of the Hall, which lead to A-
partments on the right and left. In thefe Cham
bers are kept the feveral Offices relating to Af
fairs of the City. The Jurifdiction or Province
of each Chamber is infcrib'd over the Door ;
and the Affairs there treated, are reprefented in
magnificent Baffo-Relievo's. In one of thefe
Rooms, fuch Perfons as are not of the Reform'd
Religion are oblig'd to be married before the
Echevin, or elfe they are condemn'd in a Fine ;
and according to the Laws, their Marriage is to
be reckon'd null and void,
In the Town-Houfe is kept the famous Bank,
which is the Repofitory of fuch a vaft Treafure.
Prodigious Arches and huge double Bars of Iron
before the Windows, render it inacceffible. The
Vaults are admirable, being built upon Piles in
the middle of the Water, and yet fo dry as if
they were cut out of a Rock. One part of thefe
Vaults ferves for containing the immenfe Wealth,
the other for confining Criminals. I had the
Curiofity to go and fee thofe Dungeons, which
are all very lightfome and kept very neat ; and in
fpite of the Proverb, they may be faid to be very
fine Prifons.
After I had been at the Town-Houfe, I went
to vifit the Square where the Merchants aflemble
about the Affairs of their Trade from Noon till
half an Hour paft one o'clock. This Square,
which is longer than 'tis broad, is furrounded
K 4 With

i3"6 Amsterdam.
wjth a large open Gallery or Corridor, fupported
byFree-ftone Pillars, for fhelter in cafe of Rain ;
and' is call'd the Bourfe or Exchange. Here are
Merchants of all Nations, the diverfity of whofe
Habits and Languages is as pleafing as the Beau
ty of the Place ; and efpecially the Hurry thofe
People are in that are call'd Brokers, who are the
Men employ'd by the great Merchants to traflkk
the Bills of Exchange, or to tranfact their other
Affairs. To fee them fcowering from one to the
other all about this Square, there?s no body but
Wou'd think they were mad.
The India-lioufe and Admiralty-Office are
alfo worth feeing. The firft ferves as a Ware
houfe for laying up fuch Merchandize as comes
from the Indies. In the latter there is all the ne-
ceflary Rigging for fitting out a Fleet to Sea.
The India Company have their feparate Arfe
nal, which is in nothing inferior to that of the
States. In this City there are Hofpitals alfo of
every Kind very well maintain'd, and Houfes of
Correction for both Sexes. Amfterdam is the
Place of Refuge for Sects of all Denominations,
who have their feveral Chappels or Chambers
there, wherein they exercife their Religion, but
the Calvinifts and Lutherans only are allow'd the
Liberty of Public Worfhip. However the Jews
have two fine Synagogues here •, the one for the
German, and the other for the Portuguefe Nation.
Of this Sect there are great Numbers, and they
live in a particular Quarter, which is not the moft
inconfiderable of the City.
But notwithftanding all this Magnificence of
Buildings, and the Concourfe of fo many Na
tions, I was quite out of conceit with Amfterdam.
Every body flicks to Trade, and the Gratifica
tion of their Avarice is their whole Study. The
Generality

Harlem. 137
Generality; with their immenfe Wealth live like
Mifers ; and all their Happinefs, their Pleafure
and their Pride confifts in having a great deal of
Money : They think of nothing but how to
acquire Riches ; and they look upon every
Man that lives genteelly as a Prodigal. As to
the Dutch Freedom, I don't believe there's a
Place where it bears greater Sway than at Am
fterdam. 'Tis true, that this fo much boafted
Liberty ferves very often but to render the Cl-r
tizens infolent with Impunity ; for there is not
a Scrub but thinks himfelf as good a Man as the
beft in the Country : Foreigners have fometimes
much ado to be^r it, they being often abus'd
without daring to complain ; for it cofts fo much
to obtain Juftice here, that People had rather
put up with an Infult, than feek a Remedy by
due Courfe of Law. The Attorneys and Solici
tors of this City outdo thofe of all other Courtr
tries in flattering their Clients to their Ruin, and
moft of this Gentry cut a great Figure, have
noble Houfes and Gardens, and fome too have
very fpruce Equipages.
From Amfterdam I went tp Harlem*, which
is but three Leagues. Heretofore, while the Ca
tholic Religion fubfifted in this Country, it was
a Bifhopric, Suffragan of Utrecht. The Town
ftands but a League from the Sea, or rather up
on its Shore, the Sea having overflow'd a con?
flderable part of the Country, which forms a
Lake, now call'd the Harlem Meer, or Sea of
Harlem. This Town communicates by its
Canals both with Amfterdam and Leyden. They
pretend it was founded by the Normans in the
ninth Century. Pope Paul IV. eretted it into a
Bifhopric
* See Vol. II. p. 394.

138 Hague.
Bifhopric in 1559, at the Requeft of Philip II.
King of Spain. In 1572 the Bifhop was turn'd
out by the Proteftants, not long after which the
Town was befieg'd and taken by Frederic of
Toledo Son to the Duke of Alva, who oblig'd the
Inhabitants to furrender at Difcretion, and caus'd
them to be treated in the moft barbarous manner
in the World. The Dutch retook it afterwards,
and have held it ever fince. There are very fine
Walks in this City, and efpecially a Grove which
is deem'd a charming Place by the Citizens of
Amfterdam, who come hither in the Summer to
make their Parties of Pleafure.
After having feen what was moft remarkable
at Harlem, I return'd by the way of Leyden to
the Hague, where I had not been many days,
before the King arriv'd, having pafs'd the fame
day before Rotterdam, where he had been falu-
ted with a triple Difcharge of the Cannon, as
he was alfo at Delfshaven, where he found his
Yatcht, follow'd by feveral others that had been
fent to him from the Hague. Thefe attended
the King to Delft, where his Coaches ftaid for
him, wifh which he came to his Palace of the
Old Court.
There he found a Guard of fourfcore Men,
with a Captain and a Pair of Colors. His Majefty
caus'd his Arrival to be immediately notify'd to
the Prefident of the Affembly of the States Ge
neral, and next day, after Sermon time, he re
ceiv'd the Deputation from the faid States,
confifting of nine Members, who when they
arriv'd at the King's Palace found the Guard
under Arms, Colors flying, and the Drum beat
ing, and were receiv'd at the bottom of the
Stairs by the Grand Marfhal and feveral Gentle
men of the Chamber, and introduc'd into the
King's,

Hague. 139
King's Bedchamber, who receiv'd them bare
headed and Handing before an Arm-Chair. As
the Audience was only to compliment his Maje
fty upon his Arrival, it was very fhort ; and the
States returning to the ufual Place of their Affem-
bly, went afterwards and din'd with the King.
Some days after this his Majefty fet out for
Honftaerdyk, a Place two Leagues from the Hague,
which he enjoy'd by Inheritance from the late K.
William of England. Thither I folio w'd the
King, who flaid there till he had receiv'd Ad
vice, that the Prince of Naffau, Governor of
Frifeland, was to come from the Army in Flan
ders to the Hague, there to make an end of
the Differences betwixt him and his Majefty a-
bout the Succeffion to the Family of Orange,
of which that Prince took the Title, by virtue of
the laft Will and Teftament of the late King of
England, the laft Prince of the faid Family. The
King had been expecting him for fome days,
when a Courier arriv'd with the News, that the
Prince Was drown'd in the Paflage of the Moer-
dyke. Having embark'd there with his Retinue
to pafs the Stryen-Sas, he was not got above
thirty or forty Paces from Shore, when a furi-
pus Guft of Wind arofe, by which the Veffel
was overfet and loft. As the Sea fwell'd at the
fame time, and the Prince knew not how to
fwim, he could not get afhore. Colonel Hilkes
who accompanied him was drown'd with him,
and none but his Domeftics efcap'd. The un
fortunate Prince was feen to hang by the Matt
of the Veffel for fome Moments, and there were
fome hopes of relieving him, had it not been
for a Wave, which drove by a Blaft of Wind
carried him off from the piece ofWood he clung
%p^ and cj$ him away. The Body of this Prince, who

140 Hague.
who was very much regretted, wq.s not found till
about a Week after, in the very fame place where
the Veffel happened to be caft away. 'Twas car
ried to Dort where 'twas embalm'd, and then re-
mov'd to Lewarden, there to be interr'd in the
Tomb of his Family.
The King was the more afflicted at this fad
Accident, becaufe the News was told him toq .
haftily, by a foolifh Courier, who, for want of
knowing his Matter's Temper, thought that the
News of the Prince of Frifeland's Death wou'd
pot be difagreeable to him ; but the King gave
public Demonftratjon how forry he was for his
Lofs, and fent a Gentleman of the Bed-chamber
to the laft Princefs Dowager of Naffau, to aflure
her how much he fympathiz'd in her lofs.
The Death of the Prince of Frifeland inter?
rupted the whole Treaty of Accommodation.
The faid Prince left a Daughter, and the Prin
cefs his Wife pregnant, who wrote to the States
to defire them not to do any thing in prejudice
of the Infant of whom fhe hoped to be deliver'd ^
and that as they were Executors Teftamentary,
they would preferve the Bulk of his Inheritance.
entire ; and that otherwife fhe openly protefted
againft every thing that might be done. Thisv
Demand did not hinder the States from granting
the King a provifiohal Portion ; and it was agreed,
that his Majefty, as well as the Heirs of the Prince
of Naffau, now deceas'd, fhould be paid 1 50000:
Dutch Florins a year, out of the Eftate of the
Orange Family : That the Palaces of Prince
Frederic-Henry, of which the King was already
in Poffeflion, fhou'd continue his ; but that the
Dieren Palace fhou'd he common both to the
King and the Prince's Heirs ; and that the reft
fhould bereferr'd to a definitive Accommodation^ which

Dusseldoref. 141
which is the Thing that ftill remains to be done.
I had the Honor to pay my Court punctually
all the Time that his Majefty fpent at the Hague ;
and when he fet out, I went with him to Dieren^
^here I took leave of the King, little thinking
'twou'd be the laft Time I fhould fee him.
I went thro' Dusseldorff*, the Capital of
the Duchy of Berg, which was then the Refi-
dence of the Elector Palatine, who,- it muft be
noted, was the firft of the Palatine Electors that
liv'd here ;• for the Electors commonly refided
heretofore at Heidelberg or Manheim. The E-
lector John-William had preferr'd Duffeldorff to
all other Places* from an early liking that he
took to that Town, of which he was Mafter,
even in the Life-time of the Elector his Father ;
who when he married his Son to the Emperor'
Leopold's Sifter, yielded to him the Duchies of
Juliers and Bergi of which Duffeldorff is the Ca
pital City, and wou'd have been one of the fineft
in Germany, if the Emperor had liv'd long enough
to put the great Projects which he had form'd in
execution. This Prince had already begun to
augment the City with one entire Quarter, the
Streets Whereof were as ftrait as a Line ; and I
faw the Plan of a new Palace that he intended
fO build, which wou'd certainly have been one
of Europe's Grand Structures. As to that now
at Duffeldorff, the only beautiful part of it is that
caird the Gallery ; tho5' why it has that Namey
I can't imagine, fince nothing refembles a Gallery
lefs. It contains five Rooms, three of which
are much bigger than the others; One of thefe
Rooms
* See Vol. 11./. 358. where there's a curious Inventory
of the Statues and Paintings of the greateft Matters that are
*11 up and down the Caftle of DuJ/ilderff,

l\*l DUSSEL D ORFf;
Rooms is quite full of magnificent Paintings by tM
famous Rubens. In another there's a great number'
of Paintings by Van derW^erfaDutchPainter who
died lately at the Hague. If a Man has ever fo
little Tafte or Skill in Painting, 'tis impoflible for
him to be indifferent for fuch Pictures* which
may be faid to be all Mafter- pieces. Such are
thofe reprefenting the good old Man Simeon hold>-
ing the Savior of the World in his Arms ; our
Lord teaching in the Temple ; and the Pictures
of the Elector and Electorefs, in two particular
Rooms of the firft Story of this Gallery, are the
Models of the moft magnificent Statues of Italy-,
fent for by the Elector from all parts of that
Country at a vaft Expence. The three others
are full of modern Statues of Marble and Brafs,
which are for the moft part done by the famous
Gripilli an Italian, and an excellent Artift, efpe
cially for Bufts that require a Likenefs.
In the Court-yard of the Palace there's an E-
queftrian Statue of the Elector arm*d cap-a-pee,
with the Electoral Bonnet on his Head, and
mounted upon a very fine Horfe of yellow Cop
per. In the fame Court there is likewife a very
fine Fountain, the Group of which is of Brafs
very curioufly wrought, but fo incumber'd with
Works of different Kinds, that 'tis difficult to
diftinguifh them.
Five Leagues from Duffeldorff there's a Hunt
ing-Seat call'd Ben/berg *, which is built in a
Foreft on a Hill, from whence there's a fine
Profpect of the City of Cologne, the Rhine, and
all the flat Country. To this Caftle there's a
large Avenue, by a gradual Afcent, till one
comes to the Grate of the firft Court, on each fide
* See Vol. ll.p 357.
a

DUSSELDORFF. I43
fide whereof there's a large Guard-Houfe, the
Front of which forms a Gallery fupported by
Pillars of grayifh Marble, which is dug in this
Country. The reft of this Seat has very much
the air of the Caftle of Verfailles, only 'tis not fo
large or lofty. In the two Wings of this Building,
there are two Stair-Cafes which lead to the A-
partments. 'Tis plain that this Structure was
defign'd entirely by an Italian ; becaufe, according
to the Fafhion of that Country, the Apartments
confift of a great number of Rooms all upon
one Floor too, but without any Clofets or Con-
veniencies. The cutfide of this Structure is the
oddeft thing in the World. It confifts of num-
berlefs Ornaments, which 'tis impoffible to di
ftinguifh : And I think it no Injuflice to the
Caftle of Benfberg, to fay, 'tis a noble fine Houfe
full of Imperfections.
After having given you an Account of the E-
lector's feveral Buildings , I fancy, Madame,
that fome fhort Memoirs of his Family will not
be difagreeable to you. To be fure you are not
ignorant, that the Succeffion of the Neubourg
Family to the Dignity of Elector Palatine, is
owing only to the Extinction of the Proteftant
Palatine Family, the laft of which was the E-
ledtor Charles, who left but one Sifter, married
to Monsieur Philip of France, Duke of Or
leans, Brother to Lewis XIV. Philip-William
Duke of Neubourg, the Father of him whom I
have had the Honor of mentioning to you, was
the firft Elector of this Branch. This Prince,
who had a numerous Family, match'd them to
the chief Crowns of Europe, and he had no lefs
than four Princes and five Princefles.
The eldeft of the Princes was the Eleclor John-
William of Neubourg, who married to his firft
Wife

144 DuSSELDORFF.
Wife an Archduchefe of Auftria, Sifter to the
Emperor Leopold, by whom he had no Iffue.
He married to his fecond Wife Anne-Mary-
Louifa of Medicis, Daughter to Cofmo III. Great
Duke of Tufcdny ; but having no mote Iffue by
this Match than by the former, he took the
Hereditary Prince of Sultzbach to his Court*
where he was brought up as the Heir of his Fa-
tnily, in cafe that himfelf and the Princes his
Brothers died without Male Iffue. This young
Prince was then look'd upon as the Electoral
Prince, and receiv'd all the Honors as fuch. The
Perfon who had the Care of his Education was
the Baron de Seckingen; and it may be faid,
that he did his utmoft to make a great Prince
of him.
The fecond was Charles-Lewis, now the E-
lector. The third Prancis-Lewis de Neubourg, Elector
of Triers and Grand Mafter of the Teutonic Or
der. The fourth Alexander-Sigifmond, Bifhop of
Augfbourg. The Princefles were all married. The eldeftj
whofe Name was Eleonora-Magdalena-Therefa
of Neubourg, married the Emperor Leopold, Fa
ther to the prefent Emperor,- and died Jan. 19.
I7i9*aged74. The fecond was married to the King of Por
tugal. The third, nam'd Mary-Anne of Neubourg^
was married to Charles II. King of Spain:
The fourth, Dorothy of Neubourg was married
to the Duke of Parma, by whom fhe had among
other Children. Princefs Elizabeth Farnefe, the
fecond Wife of Philip V. King of Spain. Thr

Francfort. 14.5
The fifth and laft of thefe Princefles, Hedwiga-
Elizabeth of Neubourg, was married to James-
Lewis Sobiejki, by whom fhe had Clementina
Sobiejki, Wife to the Chevalier de St George. The
Mother died at Olaw the ioth ofAuguft 1 72 -,
aged 50.
After having pafs'd fome time at the Palatine
Court, I fet out about the middle of Auguft for
Francfort on the Main, where I arriv'd a few*
days before the opening of the Conferences for
the Election of an Emperor.
Francfort * is one of the not confiderable
Towns of all Germany, has the Title of an Im
perial City, and is a part of the Diocefe of Mentz.
'Tis divided into two parts by the Main, over
which there is a fine Stone Bridge. The frequent
Fires which this City has fuffer'd, and efpeci
ally that of 1719, have contributed not a little
to itsEmbellifhment,all the Houfes being re-built
in a better Tafte than before ; yet moft of the
Buildings are ftill of Timber and fac'd with
Plaifter that is color'd, few private Men having
been at the Expence of building with Stone.
Francfort may thank the Jews for moft of thofe
Fires ; for the Jews who are very numerous here,
live in a Quarter by themfelves, which is fhut
up every Night ; and being fo narrow, that they
are ftraiten'd for Room, they are oblig'd to lie
in Heaps as it were upon one another, in very
high Houfes, which being moreover of Tim
ber, eaflly catch Fire. They have feen their
whole Quarter in Afhes twice fucceffively, be
caufe they refus'd the Affiftance they might have
had to extinguifh the Flames ; for they never
wou'd open their Gates for fear of being robb'd,
Vol. III. L unlefs
* See Vol. I. p. 340.

146 Francfort.
unlefs when they faw that the People were
going to break them open by Force. Notwith-
ftanding all the Reafons for not fuffering them
at Francfort, they have a better Toleration than
the Calvinifts, and have fine Synagogues ; where
as the Calvinifts do not enjoy the free Exercife
of their Religion, the Magistrates and moft of
the Inhabitants being Lutherans.
The City of Francfort is one of the firft that
embrac'd the Opinions of Luther, which pre
fently occafion'd a Revolt : For the Inhabitants
demanding the free Exercife of Lutheranifm, and
the Clergy and Senate vigoroufly oppofing it,
there was an Infurrection, in which the Inhabi
tants having the Advantage, they depos'd the
Senate, and eftablifti'd a fort of Magiftracy com-
pos'd of twenty -four, taken from the Body of
the Populace. Thefe Acts of Violence had fuch
fatal Confequences, that at laft in 1530 the City
embrac'd the Confeffion of Augjbourg, enter'd
into the League of Smalcald, and had a fhare in
the other Calamities which afflicted the Empire.
'Twas befieg'd twice in 1552, by Maurice E-
lector of Saxony, and by Albert Margrave of
Brandenburg, furnam'd the Alcibiades of Ger
many,' who made himfelf Mafter of it ; but it
foon after recover'd its Liberty, and fince that
time has increas'd very much. The Elections
and Coronations of the Emperors render it a very
confiderable Place. Thefe two Grand Ceremonies
are perform'd in the Church of St. Bartholomew,
- which is a vile, little, dark Building, very im
proper, in fhort, for Solemnities of that fort.
The Imperial Feaft is kept on the very Day of
the Coronation, in the Great Hall of the Town-
houfe, which is indeed a very wide but irregu
lar Room. The Town-houfe is call'd Romer „•
They

Francfort. 147
They fay 'twas anciently the Houfe of a private
Gentleman, who made a Prefent of it to the
City. If that be true, it may be faid the Gentle
man 'iv'd at large.
This City has confiderable Fairs, Which draw
a great Number of Merchants to it and People
of Quality. The River Main which falls into
the Rhine near Mentz, is a great Advantage to
its Commerce. This, Madame, is within a
Trifle all that can be faid of Francfort. I am
now to have the Honor of giving you a particu
lar Accountof the chief Circumftances that atten
ded the Election and Coronation of the Emperor.
The Conferences for the Election were open'd
on the 25th of Auguft, and held from nine
o'clock in the Morning till Noon. The Pleni
potentiaries of the abfent Electors therein com-
municafed their full Powers, and referr'd them
to the Elector of Mentz, who afterwards made
a Speech upon what had given occafion to that
Auguft Affembly. In this firft Seffion it was re-
folv'd* that every thing there treated of fhou'd
be kept fecret ; and then they adjourn'd.
The March of the Electors of Mentz and
Triers to and from the Town-houfe was very
grand. The firft was Lot harius- Francis de Schon-
born, of the Family of the Counts of Schon^
born ; and the fecond was Charles- Jofephde Lor
rain, who was of the Lorrain Family, and died
in 1 7 15, on the 4th of December. Thefe two
Princes rode each in a great Coach, cover'd with
black Cloth, attended by all their Houfhold and
Guards in clofe Mourning.
The Equipages of the Ambaffadors of the ab
fent Electors were very fpruce, efpecially the E-
quipages of the Ambaffadors of Saxony, who had
alfo the Honor to have with them their Matter's
L 2 Son.

148 Francfort.
Son, who went by the Name of the Count of
Lufatia. Befides, the King of Poland had gi
ven them his own Equipage, and permitted
them to cloath their Domeftics in his Livery.
The Ambaffadors whom the King (of Pruffia)
fent in quality of Elector of Brandenburg, . ap-
pear'd likewife with a Splendor worthy of the
Prince whom they reprefented. They were the
Count de Dhona and M. Henningi. but the for
mer had the Honors of the Embaffy. This Minifter
appear'd with a Train of 40 Gentlemen of the
King's Bed-chamber ; he had 5 Coaches drawn
by 6 Horfes each, 8 Pages, 36 Footmen and 2
Swifs. M. Henning, who was appointed to at
tend to the Bufinefs, had not the Satisfaction to
fee the Succefs of thefe Affemblies ; for having
in the very firft Seffion fpoke with great Zeal
for the Interefts of his Country, he heated him
felf to fuch a degree, that he found himfelf out
of Order when he came home ; and that very
Night he had a Fit of an Apoplexy of which
he died next day. The Count de Metternich
was appointed to fupply his Place. No body
was fitter to ferve the King in the Affembly at
Francfort than this Nobleman, who had in fe
veral Embaffies acquir'd a great Knowledge of
the Affairs of the Empire ; and particularly in
the Embaffy at Rati/bon, in which he was em-
ploy'd a long time.
As foon as the Conferences were open'd, the
Foreign Minifters, viz. the Pope's Nuncio, the
Envoys of Savoy and of the other Princes of Italy,
the, Envoy Extraordinary of the States General,
and thofe of the Princes of the Empire, notify 'd
their Arrival to the Electoral College, ,and fent
their Credentials to the Chancery,; which was
kept

Francfort. 149
kept at the Palace of the Elector of Mentz, that
Prince being by Birth Chancellor of the Em
pire. At the beginning of thefe Conferences there
were fome Difficulties flarted, relating to the Pre
tenfions of the Nuncio and Nephew of the then
Pope Clement XI. who pretended that the Elec
tors fhould pay him the firft Vifit ; and that
when he return'd it to them, they were bound
to give him 'the Right Hand. The Electors
were very much ftartled at the Nuncio's Demand,
and publickly refus'd to fubfcribe to fuch Claims ;
fo that no Vifit was made on either fide, and
the Nuncio only faw the Electors in a Garden
where they happen'd to meet by Chance. The
Nuncio threaten'd he would proteft againft
the Ninth Electorate eftablifti'd in favor of
the Family of Brunfwic-Hanover, and againft
the Royal Dignity of Pruffia ; but he was given
to underftand, that neither of his Proteftations
would avail any thing. And the Ambaffadors
of Pruffia fent him word in plain Terms, that
if he offer'd to proteft againft the Regal Dig
nity of their Mafter, the King would not fail
to* give Order to his Troops that were in Italy,
to enter into the Ecclefiaftic State, and to live at
Difcretion therein, as if it were an Enemy's
Country. The Nuncio frighted by thofe Me
naces, and thinking he already faw the Pruf
fian Troops in his Holinefs's Territories, fent
his Secretary forthwith to the Ambaffadors to
afliire them that he wou'd not proteft ; that he
never had a Thought nor Order for it ; that his
Holinefs had all the Refpect and Efteem for
the King their Mafter which fo great a Prince
deferv'd ; and that he Would be glad to give
Proofs of it upon every Occafion.
L 3 The

*5° Francfort.
.The Electors of Cologn, and Bavaria proteft-
ed likewife againft the Affembly, in cafe they
were refus'd Admiflion to the Conferences for
the Election; but they were of no more avail
than thofe of the Nuncio, Thofe Princes fent
their Protefts by the Poft, in form of Letters,
directed to the Count de Papenheim Marfhal of
the Empire,, and feal'd with an unknown Seal .
The Situation thofe Electors flood in at that time,
did not permit them to caufe. their Protefts1 to bp-
publifh'd with the due Formalities, neverthe
lefs they were foon made public.: The Refpedt
and Friendfhip People had for the illuftrious
Family of Bavaria, made every body eager to
have Copies of 'em, but they fignify'd nothing,
and the Conferences continu'd.
On the 2d of OMober the Conferences being
ended for that Day, the Magittrates and Heads
of the Militia, went in a Body to theTown-houfe,
to take the Oath prefcrib'd by the Golden Bull.
They there found the Electors, who were at that-
time in Francfort, and the Ambaffadors of the
abfent Electors, all fitting in Chairs of State,
under a great Canopy of black Velvet. After the
Oath was read, the Magittrates and the Officers
of the Militia took it in prefence of the Elector
of MentZ) as did alfo the Citizens and the Gari-
fon, but the Ceremony was different ; for it was
not taken in the Tpwn-houfe, but without it,
in an open Gallery, rais'd in a great. Square, and
hung with Cloth. There the Chancellors of the
two Spiritual Electors and the Magittrates re
ceiv'd the Oath of the Citizens, in prefence of
\ he Electors and Ambaffadors, who were plac'd
at the Windows of the Town- houfe. . The
Burghers, who were tp the Number of 14 Com
panies,

Francfort. 151
panics, took the Oath firft, and then the Soldiers
of the Garrifon.
On the 10th of Oblober Proclamation was made
by Sound of Trumpet for all Foreigners, who
were not in the Retinue of the Electors, or the
Electoral Ambafladors, to retire out of the City
before the Sun was fet, till the Electors had chofe
an Emperor. The Nuncio thought at firft,
that his Character and the Refpect due to the
Holy Father would exempt him from the gene
ral Rule ; but being inform'd of the contrary,
he retir'd to Afchaffenbourg.
On the i 2th, about feven in the Morning all
the Bells were rung, upon which the Burghers
and the Soldiers of the Garrifon affembled at the
Houfes of their refpective commanding Officers -,
and then went and polled themfelves in the
Streets leading from the Town-houfe to the
Church of St. Bartholomew. The Burghers had
the Poft of Honor from the Soldiers. At nine
o'clock the Electors and Ambafladors went to
the Town-houfe, the Courts and Equipages of
all but the Ambaffadors of Bohemia having laid
afide their Mourning.
The Moment after the Electors arriv'd in the
ufual Chamber of the Affemb'y they went into
other Rooms, where they caus'd themfelves to
be drefs'd in their Electoral Habits, which are
very majeftic, being wide Gowns very much
plaited with very long Sleeves, the Linings and
Facings being of Ermin ; and over all the Elec
tors wear a; fort of Mantle of Ermin. The
Habits for the Spiritual and Temporal Electors
are much the fame, $nly thofe of the former
are of Scarlet, and thofe of the latter of Crimfon -
Velvet. Their Caps are of the Color of their
Habits, and like them turn'd up with Ermin.
L 4 As

152 Francfort.
As foon as the Electors were drefs'd they re
turn'd to the Affembly-Room, and then went
with the Ambaffadors of the other Electors from
the Town- Houfe to the Square, where they found
Horfes fumptuoufly caparifon'd, which they
mounted, and thus rode in Cavalcade to St, Bar
tholomew's Church. The three Electors rode
firft in one Row bare-headed. The four Am
baffadors of the abfent Electors rode next, ac
cording to the Rank of their Matters. Their
Electoral Highneffes and the Ambafladors were
receiv'd at the Door of the Church by the Bi
fhop of Neuftadt at the Head of the Chapter,
who conducted them into the Choir, where they
plac'd themfelves, according to their Rank,in the
Stalls of the Canons, which were lin'd with Vel
vet and Gold-Lace. The Elector of Triers fate
by himfelf oppofite to the Altar, where a Pray-
ing-Defk and an Arm-Chair Were fet up for him,
which were lin'd alfo with Crimfon- Velvet.
When all the Company were feated, the Bifhop
of Neuftadt began the Mafs. At the firft Confe
cration, the Ambaffadors of the Proteftant E-
Jectors went into the Chappel of the Conclave
which joins to the Choir : After the Elevation
of the Hoft they return'd to their Places, where
they remain'd during the reft of the Office, and
then the Electors and Ambaffadors all went up
to the Altar. The Elector of Mentz was in the
middle between the Elector of Triers on his
Right and the Elector Palatine on his Left. The
Ambafladors were in the fame Row, according
to their Rank, on the Right and Left of the E-
Jectors. The Elector of Mentz took the Book
of the Gofpels and laid his Right Hand upon it,
as did alfo the Electors that were prefent, and the
Ambafladors of thofe who were abfent, and then
; • took

Francfo rt. 153
took the cuftomary Oath to elect no Perfon for
Emperor but one that they fhould think in Con
fidence to be moft qualify'd. After having taken
the Oath they went into the Chapel of the Con
clave, where they were fhut up near three Hours.
Then they return'd into the Church and plac'd
themfelves in a Gallery erected over the Grate
that feparates the Choir from the Nave, which
was lin'd. with Scarlet Cloth and hung with
Tapeftry, and had feven Arm-Chairs plac'd in it
of red Velvet, adorn'd with Lace and Fringe of
Gold. The Electors and Ambafladors being
feated, the Chancellor of Mentz read aloud the
Act which had been juft drawn up in the Con
clave, whereby Charles King of the Romans,
and of Spain, was proclaim'd Emperor. Then
the whole Church refounded with great Shouts
of Long live the Emperor ! And at the fame in
ftant the Cannon was fir'd from the Ramparts,
and the Burghers and the Garifon made three
Difcharges of their fmall Arms.
After the Proclamation the Electors and the
Ambafladors defcended from the Gallery to their
Places in the Choir, and after the finging of Te
Deum which was tun'd by the Bifhop of Neu
ftadt, they return'd to the Town-Houfe in the
fame Order that they came. There the Electors
quitted their Robes of Ceremony, and each re
turn'd to their Palaces, where they ftay'd till the
Evening ; and the Ambafladors did the fame.
At Night they all fupp'd at the Houfe of the
Count de Windifgratcht, the firft Ambaflador of
Bohemia, and_by confequence the Ambaflador of
the new Emperor*who gave a magnificent Feaft,
which was accompany'd with a very fine Concert
: of Mufic. This great Day'sWork was concluded
by the Choice which the Electoral College made
If ¦¦¦"¦ of

154 Francfo rt.
of Prince Charles of Neubourg, to carry to the
new Emperor the Act of his Proclamation.
Notwithftanding the furprizing Concourfe of
People from all Quarters to fee this auguft Cere
mony, there was not the leaft Diforder in the
whole Solemnity, excepting a little Difpute that
happen'd between the Prince de la Tour Taxis
and the Count of Naffau-Weilbourg. The former,
tho' of a modern Family in comparifon to the
Count, yet prefuming upon his Title of Prince,
claim'd Precedency of the Count, but the latter
decided the Difference in an inftant ; for he took
the Prince by the Arm, and pufhing him
behind him, faid to him, Tou are to know, Sir,
that fuch Princes as you are, walk behind fuch
Counts as I am. The Prince very muchf ftunn'd
at the Compliment, did not think proper to
pufh his Pretenfions farther.
Immediately after the Ceremony of the Elec
tion was over, I fet out for Zell, where I had the
Misfortune to find my felf Motherlefs as well as
Fatherlefs. My Mother having died there du
ring my ftay at Francfort, whofe Death grieved
me very much, and the more becaufe 'twas the
firft Incident I had met with in all my Life to
give me a ferious Concern : But now perhaps,
that I am more us'd to Difappointments, fuch
News would not make fo much Impreflion upon
me as it did then.
I ftay'd fome time at Zell to fettle feveral Af
fairs with my Brother relating to my Mother's
Succeffion, till I had a Letter acquainting me
that the Ceremony of the Emperor's Coronation
was fix'dfor the 2 2d of December, -and thereupon
I fet out immediately again for Francfort. I

Cassel. 155
.1 travell'd thro1 Hanover, which I have al
ready had the Honor to mention to you, and
from Hanover I went to Cassel, which Town
is the common Refidence of the Landgrave of
Heffe, and divided into two Parts by the River
Fulde. The New Town is very well built with
pretty Houfes, and the Streets are very even
and fpacious. The Landgrave's Palace which is
pld is encompafs'd with Ramparts, part of which
on that fide next to the Country forms a Terras
planted with Orange-Trees, which in Winter
are cover'd by a boarded Houfe. The Name
of the prefent Landgrave is Charles, who was
born the 3d of Auguft 1654., and has had feven
Children by Mary-Amelia of Courland.
1. Prince Frederic, born the 28th of Auguft
\6j6, who became King of Sweden by his Mar
riage with Eleonora Princefs of Sweden, who fuc
ceeded Charles XII. He had to his firft Wife
Louifa-Dorothea-Sophia only Daughter of the
King of Pruffia, at which time he was Stadt-
holder of Cleves, and had a Regiment of Foot
in his Majefty's Service.
2. The Princefs Sophia-Charlotta Duchefs-
Dowager of Mecklemburg-hwerin, who lives ftill
in Mecklemburg, from whence fhe often goes to
the Court of her Father.
3. Prince William, who is a Lieutenant-General
of the Dutch Forces, and Governor of Maeftricht.
He marry'd Wilhelmina of Saxe-Zeits.
4. The Princefs Mary-Louifa, Dowager of
the Prince of Naffau-Friefland drown'd in his
Paflage at the Moerdyke.
5. The Prince Maximilian, marry'd to a Prin
cefs of Heffe -Darmft ad.
6. The Prince George, a General Officer in the
Service of Pruffia, Colonel of a Regiment of
Foot,

1

• 156 Cassel, Francfort.
Foot, and Knight of the Order of the Black
Eagle. ...
7. Wilhelmina-Charlotte, who was a moft ac
complifh'd Princefs, but died fome time ago.
Thefe Princes and Princefles< met very often
at the Court of the Landgrave their Father, and
then render'd it one of the moft fplendid In Ger
many, not only by reafon of their Magnificence,
but for their affable Deportment to aU, Mankind,
but efpecially to Foreigners. I was loth to. go
from Caffel, but as the Term fix'd for the Em
peror's Coronation drew near, I could not ftay
there any longer.
And indeed, I arrived at Francfort but. a
few Hours before the Emperor. The Electors
and Ambafladors went out of Town and met
his Imperial Majefty, as did alfo the Magiftrates
with the Burgo-Mafter, and complimented him
under a Tent erected there for that purpofe.
When the Compliments were ended his Majefty
went again in^o his Coach, as did the Electors
and Ambafladors into theirs, and they enter'd the
City while the Cannon fir'd and the People
fhouted, Long live the Emperor Charles VI.
His Imperial Majefty alighted at the Church of
St. Bartholomew. The Elector Palatine who was
fo indifpos'd that he could not go out to meet
his Majefty, receiv'd him at the Door of the
Church, as did alfo the Bifhop of Neuftadt at
the Head of the Chapter ; and his Majefty was
conducted to a Throne fet up for him on the
-Right-fide of the Altar, By the Electors. ' The
Elector-Palatine walk'd before, and the two b-
ther Electors fupported the Emperor. When
he was feated on his Throne, the Bifhop tun'd
-the Te Deum, and gave the Benediction. The
Emperor was afterwards conducted with the
fame

Francfort. 157
fame Ceremonies to his Palace, which was hung
with Mourning. The Electors and Ambafladors
having accompany'd his Imperial Majefty to his
Clofet, retir'd to their refpective Habitations.
The next and following Days the Emperor re
ceiv'd the Vifits of the Electors, the Ambaffa
dors, and the Electorefs Palatine, which he
return'd. When the 2 2d of December, the Day fix'd for
the Coronation, was arriv'd, all the Burghers and
the Garifon were drawn up under Arms all the
Way from the Imperial Palace to the Church.
The Proceffion was begun by the Footmen and
Pages belonging to the Ambafladors, to the Elec
tor Palatine and to the Emperor, and they were
follow'd by the Courtiers of the Elector and of
the Emperor, and by Perfons of Quality that
were in the Ambaffadors Retinue. After them
there appear'd fix Heralds at Arms, the firft of
which carry'd a fingle Eagle, the fecond a double
Crofs, the third a Lion, and the three others
Spread- Eagles, the whole after the manner of the
Roman Enfigns. After the Heralds, came the
Ambafladors, the Vicars of the Electors, and the
Elector Palatine, bearing the Imperialia or Or
naments of the Empire ; and immediately after
them the Emperor appear'd, under a ftately Ca
nopy., His Habit was like that of the Secular
Electors, that is to fay, a Robe of Crimfon Vel
vet turn'd up with Ermin : He had on his Head
a Crown enrich'd with Diamonds, which was
the Crown of his Family, and he rode a very
fine Spanifh Horfe, the Equipage of which was
truly magnificent. Behind the Emperor came
the principal Officers of his Houfhold, and the
Captain of the Guards at the Head of his Com
pany ;

i58

Francfort.

pany •, and the Elector Palatine's Life-Guards
clofed the March.
When the Emperor arrived at the Church,
the Electors of Mentz and Triers in their Ponti-
ficalibus went and receiv'd him at the Door,
from whence they conducted him to his Seat in
the Choir over-againft the High-Altar. There
his Imperial Majefty heard the Mafs, after which
he was conducted to the Town-Houfe almoft in
the feme Order as was obferv'd at his coming to
Church, with this Difference, that the Emperor
was deck'd with the Ornaments of the Empire,
which confift of the Crown, the Mantle, anct
Charlemain's Sword. His Majefty was now on
foot between the two Ecclefiaftical Electors,
who accompany'd him, as did the Elector- Pala
tine, and the Vicars and Ambafladors of the ab
fent Electors to the Great Hall of the Town-
Houfe, where the Imperial Feaft was prepar'd.
The Emperor plac'd himfelf at one of the Win
dows looking into the great Square, on purpofe
to be feen by the People ; of whom there was
fuch a Multitude, that not only the Square but
the Windows and Roofs of the Houfes were
cover'd with them.
From this Window his Majefty faw the Offi
cers of the Empire perform their Functions.
The Count de Papenheim the Elector of Saxony's
Vicar, as Grand Marlhal of the Empire, was the
firft that began the Ceremony. He was mount
ed on a very fine Horfe, which he rode full gal
lop to a Heap of Oats in one Corner of the
Square, wherewith he fill'd a Meafure of Silver,
after which he return'd to the Middle of the
Square, where he threw both the Oats and the
Meafure among the Populace, and then he went
to the Banquetting-Room. The

Francfort. 159
The Elector-Palatine appear'd next, encom-
pafs'd with his Guards, and preceded by his
Courtiers. He went on horfeback to a Kitchen
built for the purpofe in the great Square, where
he found a whole Ox roafting on a Spit, of which
he cut off a Slice, and putting it into a Gold
Difh he carry'd it to the Emperor's Table.
The Count de Zinzendorf, Vicar to the Elec
tor of Hanover as Treafurer of the Empire, came
next. He was on horfeback attended by the
Emperor's Guards, and taking a compafs round
the Square he fcatter'd Medals of Gold and Sil
ver among the Populace, which he took out of
a couple of Bags of Cloth that were ty'd to his
Saddle-Bow. Thefe Medals reprefented on one
fide the Globe of the Earth encompafs'd with
Clouds, and this Latin Infcription, Conftantid c5*
Foriitudine. On the other fide was this Legend,
Carolus, Hifpaniarum, Hung, ci? Bohem. Rex.
A. A. Eleclus in Regem Roman, coronat. Fran-
cof. 22 Decemb.. 171 1. Over which there was
an Imperial Crown like to that of Charlemain.
The Count de Dhona Ambaflador from the
King as Elector of Brandenburg, perform'd the
Function of Great Chamberlain of the Empire
in the abfence of the Prince of Hphenzollern the
Elector'sVicar, who was at that time indifpos'd.
The Count preceded by all his Livery, and ac
company'd by fome of the Emperor's Guards,
.rode on horfeback towards the middle of the
Square, where a Table was erected on which
there was a Bafin and Ewer of Silver gilt full
of Water, wjth a Napkin that had been dipp'd
in it, all which he took and carry'd into the
Banquetting-Room, and gave to the Emperor
to wafh. After-

l6o F R ANCFORT,
Afterwards the Count de Kinfki, Ambaflador
of his Imperial Majefty as King of Bohemia, of
ficiated for the Perfon whom he reprefented, as
Great Cup-Bearer of the Empire : For this pur
pofe he took a Goblet of Gold and fetch'd Wine
at a Fountain erected in the middle of the Square
reprefenting the Imperial Eagle ; which done,
the Count went into the Banquetting-Room, and
gave it to the Emperor to drink.
Thus did the Officers of the Empire acquit
themfelves of their feveral Functions : After
this the Emperor plac'd himfelf alone at a Table
upon a rais'd Floor, cover'd with red Cloth ; and
over it there was a Canopy of Gold Brocade.
When the Emperor was feated the Electors
plac'd themfelves at Tables that were prepar'd
for them on both fides of the Hall, on Floors
that were a Step lower than the Emperor's. O-
ver each Table there was a Canopy of Crimfon-
Velvet inrich'd with Gold, and they had each
an Arm-Chair of the fame. On the Right-fide
of each Table there was a magnificent Beaufet.
The three Electors fate alone at their feveral
Tables,and the A mbaffadors of the abfent Electors,
after having flood a little while behind the Chairs
plac'd for their refoective Mafters, went into an
other Room. On the following Days the Elec- •
tors din'd with the Emperor, and his Majefty
went alfo and din'd with the Electors. At length,
after the Emperor had perform'd all the Cere
monies that are obferv'd at Coronations, he fet
out from Francfort for his Hereditary Domi
nions, where he was impatiently expected by
his Subjects.
Juft as I was ready to depart from Francfort
I receiv'd the melancholy News of the Death
of the King's Brother the Margrave Philip, to .
whom

M U N S T ER. l6i
Whom 1 was very much attach'd, and was there
fore mightily afflicted for the Lofs of him.
The King's Ambaffadors, to avoid the Ex-
pence of putting their Equipage in Mourning,
kept his Death fecret, fo that they did not notify
it to his Imperial Majefty till the Day before
he went.
I fet out from Francfort much about the fame
time as the Emperor did, and pafs'd throwgh
Cdffel, Hanover, and Duffeldorff. I lik'd Franc
fort fo well before, that it tempted me to return
to it ; and befides, that was the Place to which
a Paffport was to be directed that I had fent for
from France, in order to carry me to Paris. As
foon as I receiv'd it I travell'd, tb.ro' Minden,
which I have already had the Honor to mention
to you ; and from thence, after having pafs'd
through Bilefeld a little Town in the County of
Ravenfberg, I arriv'd at Munster.
This, which was formerly an Imperial City, is
now the See of a Bifhop, Prince of the Empire,
and Lord of the Town and its Jurifdiction. It
ftands in Weftphalia in a large Plain, and on a
little River which renders it very ftrong. It was
the Birth-place of the famous Muntzer, the
Head of the Anabaptifts, a Sect of Heretics,
who grew fo powerful that they undertook to
make themfelves Mafters. of the City, and to
chufe themfelves a King ; and about the End
of the fixteenth Century, they accordingly chofe
for their Sovereign one John of Leyden, a Taylor,
infamous for the Cruelties and Outrages which
he committed. But Heaven deliver'd the City
from fuch a Scourge ; for at length after fome
Refiftance it was reduc'd, and John of Leyden,
was put to death by the Hangman. The City
revolted again afterwards ; but at laft the Bifhop
Vol. III. M humbled

162 Munster.
humbled it in in 1661, and fince that time it has
always been fubject to the Bifhops its Sovereigns.
'Twas at Munfter that was held the famous Af-
fembly of Weftphalia, which eftablifti'd the For
tune of many Sovereigns, and the Religion of
their Subjects. The Peace which was there
fign'd ferves alfo as a Bafis for all the Treaties
that are made at this time. The Treaty of
Munfter imported in fubftance, " That Maxi-
" milian Duke of Bavaria fhould remain in
" Poffeffion of the Electorate of the Counts Pa-
" latine, which had been given him by the
" Emperor Ferdinand II : That Charles Lewis
" Count Palatine fhould be reftor'd to his Prin-
" cipality, and be created an eighth Elector for
" himfelf and his Defcendants. That the Pro-
" teftants fhould have their Churches and the
" free Exercife of their Religion, on the Foot-
" ing as it was in 1624 ; and that they fhould
" retain the Church-Revenues, of which they
" had been poffefs'd ever fince the firft of Ja-
" nuary, that Year : That Sweden fhould have
" Hither-Pomerania, a Part of the other Po-
" merania, the Ifland and Principality of Rugen,
*' theTownand Port of Wifmar, the Archbifhop-
" ric of Bremen, and the Bifhopric of Verden, with
" the Title of a Duchy : That the Elector of
*' Brandenburg fhould have the Bifhoprics of
*' Halberftadt, Minden, and Camin, with the
" Farther-Pomerania : That France fhould have
" the intire Sovereignty of Metz, Toul, and
" Verdun, and the Dependencies thereof, that
*' of Pignerol and Brifac, the Landgraviate of
" Upper and Lower Alface, &c. That the
*? Confederates fhould reflore the Towns they
*' had taken, and difband their Troops ; and
" that the feven Circles of the Empire fhould
" furnifh

Cologne 163
tc furnifh five Millions of Rixdollars for the
" Pay of the Swedifh Soldiers." Such were the
Conditions of this Peace, which was not very ad
vantageous to the Catholic Religion.
The Bifhop who had the See of Munfter while
I was there, was of the Family of Metternich,
and at the fame time Bifhop of Paderborn. I
did not ftay long in that City, but proceeded
thro' Duffeldorff, where I found the whole Court
return'd from Francfort.
From thence I fet out for Cologne *, where
M. Happe who was appointed by the King to
levy the Contributions which Luxembourg and
other neighbouring Countries were oblig'd to
pay, entertain'd me very civilly, gave me an A-
partment at his Houfe, and made me exceeding
welcome. I ftay'd fome time in this City, which is a
very flourifhing Town by reafon of its conveni
ent Situation for the Trade of their Merchants,
who have great Veffels conftantly going up and
doWn the Rhine, to Francfort and Holland. 'Tis
a pretty large City, but always very dirty and ill
pav'd, and the Houfes are for moft part very
old, and confequently dark and incommodious.
The City is govern'd by a Senate, which does
not depend on the Elector, whofe Power is very
much limited, he having no Authority but in
Criminal Affairs ; yet he is allow'd Sovereign
Command for three Days, after which if he flays
at Cologne he is no more regarded than a private
Gentleman. This is the reafon that the Prince
commonly refides at Bonn, and that he only goes
to Cologne on the Eves of the Grand Feftivals,
to officiate there. Neverthelefs the City is oblig'd
M 2 to
* See Vol. II. /. 332, 336.

164 Cologne.
to pay Homage to the Elector, and to fwear Fi
delity to him, on Condition that he preferve
them in the Enjoyment of their Privileges ;
which is a Condition that the Elector can fearce
violate were he ever fo much inclin'd to it, be
caufe 'tis the City that maintains the Garifon,
and is Miftrefs of the Arfenal.
The Catholic is the only Religion that is al-
low'd to be exercis'd at Cologne. Nor are Pro
teftants admitted into the Senate, or any Em
ployment in the City, but go to preach at Mul-
heim, a little Town in the Country of Berg,
which belongs to the Elector- Palatine.
I had not the Honor of feeing the Elector,who
by reafon of the Misfortunes he had fuffer'd in
the late Wars, was oblig'd at that time to live in
France. His Name was J of eph -Clement of Ba-
varia. He poffefs'd the Bifhoprics of Hilde-
fheim and Liege, together with the Archbifhop-
ric of Cologne. He died the 12th of November
1723, after having caus'd his Nephew the Duke
Clement of Bavaria, Bifhop of Munfter and Pa-
derborn to be chofe Co-adjutor of Cologne.
The Archbifhops of Cologne are Great Chan
cellors of the Empire in Italy, but don't officiate
as fuch ; for moft of the Princes of Italy pre
tend to be independent of the Empire, or call
themfelves perpetual Vicars thereof ; and in this
Quality they perform what the Emperor might
do within the Extent of their Jurifdictions.
This however extends only to common Cafes,
for in extraordinary ones they are oblig'd to have
recourfe to the Irhperial Court. Then 'tis the E-
lector of Mentz alone who officiates in quality
of Chancellor of Germany ; and 'tis he that has
the Cuftody of the Archives and Titles which
relate to Italy.
The

Cologne. 165
The Electors of Cologne for a long time con-
tefted with thofe of Mentz the Right of confe-
crating the Emperors, tho' the latter pretend
this Honor belongs to them, as Primates of Ger
many. But the Differences between thofe Prin
ces have been regulated ; and they have agreed
that either of them, in whofe Diocefe the Em-,
peror happens to be crown'd, fhould confecrate'
him ; and that if the Coronation fhould be per
form'd in neither of their Diocefes, then they
fhould take it by turns. Neverthelefs after this
Accommodation the Elector of Cologne confe-
crated the Emperor Leopold in 1658, at Franc
fort a City in the Diocefe of Mentz ; but it was
done with the Confent of the Elector of Mentz,
and without making it a Precedent for the
future. I have obferv'd, that at Cologne moft of the
public Buildings are either Churches or Convents.
The Metropolitan Church would be one of the
moft magnificent in all Germany, were it finifh'd.
Among other flately Tombs here is that of the
Three Kings who came to worfhip the Savior of
the World, whofe Bodies they fay were remov'd
from Conftantinople to Milan, and from thence
brought hither. All the People have a very
great Veneration for thefe Reliques.
Except the Churches and the Monafteries one
fees no public Structures, nor any Houfe fine
enough to raife a Stranger's Admiration ; here
is ftill to be feen the Houfe where Death put an
end to the Misfortunes of Mary de Medicis,
Queen of France, who came to Cologne for Re
fuge from the Perfecution of Cardinal Richelieu.
This Cardinal, tho' he was oblig'd to that Prin
cefs for his prodigious Wealth, was not content
with having forc'd her to quit the Kingdom of
M 3 France,

166 Cologne, Antwerp.
France, but abridg'd her even of the Neceffanes
of Life ; infomuch that 'twas a hard matter for
her to find a Butcher that would undertake to
ferve the Table of that unfortunate Princefs with
Meat. She died the 3d of July, 1643.
After I had amufed my felf with feeing what
was to be feen in the City of Cologne, I long'd fo
much to fee that famous City Paris, that I fet
out thither very foon. I forgot to tell you that
the Out-works of Cologne, efpecially the Ram
parts are very agreeable. There are noble Rows
of Elms which ferve for Walks, and terminate
in a Kay that runs along the Rhine, and would
be a very fine one, if it was not disfigur'd by a
Half-moon, which has been cut out to cover the
Gate of the Rhine, and to fecure the Paflage of
the Flying Bridge.
When I fet out from Cologne! went down the
Rhine and the Vahal, as far as Dort, and from
thence (without once going afhore) to Antwerp,
which City I take to be the moft beautiful of all
the Netherlands. It makes a part of Auftrian
Brabant, and is the Capital of the Marquifate of
the Holy Empire. 'Tis fituate in a great Plain
on the Right-fide of the Schelde, at a Place where
that River feparates the Duchy of Brabant from
the County of Flanders. It contains a number
of Churches built in a very good Tafte, and a
great many very noble public Edifices. The
Church of our Lady, which is the Cathedral, is a
Work that has nothing like it except it be in I-
taly. 'Tis above 500 Feet in length, 240 in
breadth, and 340 in height. It contains Sixty-
fix Chapels, adorn'd with Marble Columns, all
different, and with fine Paintings.- The Tower
which ferves for the Steeple is very lofty and
perfectly beautiful.
The

Antwerp. 167
The moft magnificent of the Churches, next
to the Cathedral, was that of the Jefuits, which
was confum'd by Lightning the 18 th of July,
1718. The Pavement was of Marble, in Com-
partiments. There were two low Ifles, one a-
bove the other, which were fupported by fifty-
fix Marble Pillars. The four Arches were clos'd
with thirty-eight great Pictures in gilt Frames,
and the Walls in which there were forty Win
dows were lin'd with Marble. The great Roof
was of very fine carv'd Work, charg'd with a
fmall Dome, very lightfome and very well made.
As to the High- Altar it would require an able
Connoiffeur to give fuch a Defcription of it as
the Beauty of the Workmanfhip requires : For
my own part all I can fay of it is, that 'twas all
over Marble, Jafper, Porphyry, and Gold. The
Picture reprefented the Affumption of the Virgin
Mary, and was a complete Piece. Our Lady's
Chapel, which was a part of the fame Church,
was as rich as the reft of the Building, the Sides
and the Roof of it being fac'd with Marble, and
adorn'd with fix Statues of Alabafter. Befides
this Chapel there were fifty others, all of the ut
moft Magnificence. The Great Gate of the
Church, and the Jefuits College adjoining to it,
were anfwerable to the Beauty of the Structure.
All thisftately Building was entirely deftroy'd ;
and what is moft to be pitied, the Pictures of
the famous Rubens, of which this Church was
full, were deftroy'd with it ; a Lofs the more
confiderable, becaufe 'tis not to be repair'd ; for
as to the reft, they are preparing to build a
Church as magnificent as the former.
There are feveral other fine Edifices at sint-
werp, of which I don't undertake the Dcfe^p.
tion. I fhall only mention a Word or two ,«jf
M 4 th=

1 68 Antwerp,
the Town-Houfe and the Exchange. The for-?
mer ftands in a great Square, encompafs'd with
fine Houfes. Tho' the Building is quite in the
Gothic Tafte, ycf. 'tis a noble Monument of the
Wealth of thofe who founded it. The Exchange
is worth feeing, on account of the Galleries round
the Square, in which the Merchants affemble as
they do at Amfterdam, from 12 o'clock till half
an hour paft 1.
The Citadel or Caftle of Antwerp was former
ly reckon'd one of the ftrongeft and moft regular
Citadels in Europe; but the Works which Lewis
XIV. caus'd to be made in the Netherlands,
and upon all the Frontiers of the Kingdom, have
very much funk the Reputation of the ancient
Fortifications. 'Twas in the Square of this
Caftle, which was built by Order of the Duke
of Alva, that he caus'd that famous Statue of
Brafs to be erected, which would have been an
eternal Monument of his Pride and Cruelty, if
it had not been puli'd down and broke to pieces
by the Populace, as foon as the Duke quitted
the Netherlands by Order of his Mafter K. Philip
II. 'Tis faid that while he commanded in this
Country, he caus'd above 18000 Perfons to be
executed by the common ITangnun.
Next to the Citadel, I cannot help giving
you fome Account of the Harbor, which is very
beautiful and commodious. Here is a very large
Square, where, by the Help of a certain Machine,
they eafily unload all the Goods. Another good
Conveniency, and what contributes to render
this a very trading City, is, that befides the Ri
ver there are eight great Canals, by which Ships
may enter into the City. Yet notwithstanding
all thefe Conveniences, the Trade of Antwerp,
tho' confiderable, is not near fo flourifhing now, as

Antwerp, 169
as it was before the Civil Wars, and the new O-
pinions in Affairs of Religion. 'Tis even afto*
niftiing how this City could hold up its Head a-
gain after the Calamities it fuffer'd, even from
its own Sovereign, whofe Troops in 1576,
burnt above 600 Houfes in Antwerp ; and while
the unfortunate Inhabitants were running, as it
were, into the midft of the Flames, to refcue
their beft Effects, the Spaniards fell upon 'em,
and kill'd and drown'd near iooco. This terrible
Fire was the total Ruin of Antwerp ; the Town-
Houfe and feveral noble Palaces were reduc'd
to Afhes ; and the immenfe Riches which they
contain'd were carry'd off by Plunderers, who
pillag'd for three Days, during which they com
mitted all manner of Outrages. Neverthelefs,
this unhappy City, which had like to have been
buried for ever under its own Afhes, was rais'd
to Life again fome time after by the Confederates,
who remain'd, as it were, its Sovereigns, till
1585, when the Prince of 'Parma took it from
them, after a Siege that lafted near twelve
Months, and was one of the moft famous Sieges
that had ever been known before, as well upon
account of the few Troops the Duke of
Parma had to carry it on, which in all were but
1200 Men, as for that famous Dyke by which he
fhut up the Harbor, and for the Bridge which
he laid over the Scheld.
Antwerp remain'd under the Dominion of the
Houfe of Auftria from that Time to the Death
of Charles II. King of Spain, when it was
oblig'd to receive a French Garifon in the Name
of Philip V. whom the Elector of Bavaria, Go
vernor of the Netherlands, own'd for King of
Spain. But by the Battle of RameUies, Antwerp
arid a part of the Netherlands were 'reduc'd under the

170 Mechlin, Brussels.
the Dominion of the Emperor. During the
War that was enter'd into for the Spanifh Monar
chy, a Battle was fought in the Neighbourhood
of Antwerp, near the Village of Ekeren, for
which both Parties fung Te Deum.
Having fet out from Antwerp to purfue my
Journey to Paris, I pafs'd thro' Mechlin *,
which is a very fine City, and the See of an
Archbifhop, whofe Revenue is very confiderable.
The Metropolitan Church is dedicated to St. Ram-
baut. This City is the Seat of a Great Royal
Council, which is, as it were, the Parliament of
the Country, and was eftablifti'd by Charles
Duke of Burgundy in 1473. Mechlin is famous
for the Lace made there, which is finer and bet
ter than any that is made in the other Towns of
the Netherlands.
From Mechlin I went to Brussels +, the Ca
pital of the Duchy of Brabant. This City ftands
on the little River Senna, that falls into the
Scheld by the Canal of Vilvorde, and divides the
lower Town by feveral Canals that terminate in
the faid Canal of Vilvorde, which is very con
venient for their Trade, whereof this City has
a confiderable Share. There are feveral Manu
factures at Bruffels, of which that of Devos for
Tapiftry is worth feeing ; that fkilful Operator
having carried his Art to the utmoft degree of
Perfection that the Curious can defire, The com
mon People of Bruffels are more polite than in
any other City of the Netherlands ; for moft of
the Nobility of the Country come hither com
monly to pafs the Winter ; and there are few
Families of Note that have not a Houfe here. The
* See Vol. 11./. 317.
f See Vol.11, p. 298, 317.

Brussels, Mons. 171
The Royal Palace is very large, and the A-
partments beautiful, tho' very old. This Palace
ftands high above the City, being fituate upon a
Hill, from whence there is a noble Profpect,
which is diverfify'd by the Gardens, and the
Park that joins to the Palace, wherein there are
feveral very pleafant Walks, adorn'd with fine
Grottos and Fountains.
The Town-houfe is another very fine Build
ing. It ftands in a Square, encompafs'd with
Grand Houfes, built after Bruffels was bombard
ed by the French, under the Command of the
Marfhal de Villeroy, when this Quarter of the
Town in particular fuffer'd very great Damage ;
but it is fince become the more agreeable by the
magnificent Houfes built where the old ones
flood. I left Bruffels to go to Mons the Capital City
of Hainault, which ftands upon a Hill, on the
Banks of the little River of Trouil, and is one of
theftrongeft Places in the Low-Countries. Lewis
XIV. befieg'd it in Perfon, and took it in 1691.
It was reftor'd to Spain by the Peace of Ryfwic,
but afterwards at the Death of Charles II. King of
Spainfit return'd as well as all the Low-Countries
under the Dominion of France. But at length after
the Battle of Malplaquet, it became fubject to the
Houfe of Auftria. In this City there's aTamous
Abbey of Nuns, which is a very honorable Re
treat for young Women of Quality, who are
Orphans, or don't care to be dependant on
their Parents. They wear the Habit of Nuns
in the Morning, to be prefent at the Office ; but
in the Afternoon they drefs like Gentlewomen 5
and they make no Vow. From

172 Valenciennes, Cambray.
From Mons I went to Valenciennes *,
which City is a part of the Province of Hai-
nault, and the chief Town of French Flanders .
Its beautiful Fortifications difplay the fame Mag
nificence that was always obferv'd in all the
Works erected in the Reign of Lewis XIV.
That Monarch befieg'd Valenciennes in Perfon,
in the Year 1677 ; and after having taken it by
Storm, caus'd a ftrong Citadel to be erected in
it at the Expence of the Inhabitants. This City
had been befieg'd by the Marfhals Turenne and
La Ferte in the Year 1656 ; but Don John of
Auftria, the Governor of the Netherlands, ac
companied by the Prince of Conde, who at that
time j bore Arms againft the King, made them
raife the Siege ; and in this Expedition the Mar
fhal de la Ferte was taken Prifoner.
The late Elector of Cologne liv'd at Valenciennes
when I was there, the Cafualties of the War
having oblig'd him to quit his own Dominions.
I was introduc'd to that Prince by the Prince de
Tingri, when his Electoral Highnefs gave me a
favorable Reception, and told me that he knew
my Father ; but I plainly perceiv'd by what he
faid, that this Prince would have been as glad
to be in his City of Bonn, as in a Town of
France. I ftay'd at Valenciennes three Days, after
which I fet out for Cambray -f. This City is
the Capital of the Cambrejis, and one of the
ftrongeft Places in Europe. They fay its Ori
ginal is very ancient ; for fome Authors pretend,
that Camber King of the Sicambri was the Foun
der of it. The Kings of Francs conquer'd it,
and
* See Vol. II. /. -296.
f See Vol, II. p. 291, 296.

Cambray. 173
and were Matters of it a long while. After the
Death of Charles the Bald, it was for fome time
a Bone of Contention between the Emperor, the
King of France, and the Earls of Flanders ;
but the latter feiz'd it* and the Emperors after
wards declar'd it a free' City of the Empire.
Francis I. King of France granted it a Neutra
lity; but the Emperor Charles V. made himfelf
Mafter of it ; and afterwards during the Revo
lutions of the Netherlands, it fell under the Do
minion of the Duke d' Alencon, Brother to Henry
III. who reftor'd it to the French by a Treaty,
which he concluded with John de Montluc, whom
King Henry IV. afterwards made Prince of Caw-
bray. Not long after this, the Spaniards took
it by furprize, and kept it till 1677, whenLewis
XIV. took it, and it has remain'd ever fince in
the Poffeffion of France, which Crown has con-
fiderably augmented its Fortifications.
Cambray has the Title of an Archbifhopric,
which was erected in 1559, byPopeP<2«/ II. at
the Requeft of Philip II. King of Spain. The
Suffragans granted to this Metropolitan were the
Blfhopricsof Arras,Toumay, St . Omer and Namur,
which were anciently Suffragan Sees to the Church.
of Rheims. The Archbifhop takes the Title of
Duke of Cambray, Count of the Cambrefis, and
Prince of the Holy Empire. He that was the Arch-.
bifhop while I was there, was the illuftrious M.
de Fenelon, a Prelate as venerable for his Piety, as
for the Delicacy of his Pen. The prefent Archbifhop
is the natural Son of the late Duke of Orleans
the Regent, and was formerly Bifhop and Duke
of Laon. This Prelate fully anfwers the vaft
Hopes that were conceiv'd, from his good Qua
lities in his Non-age. His Predeceffor in this
Dignity

174 St. Quint in.
Dignity was the famous Cardinal Dubois, the
Minifter of France.
I forgot to tell you, that the City of Cambray
is alfo of great Note for the famous League that
was concluded between the Pope, the Emperor
Maximilian, Lewis XII. King of France, and
Ferdinand King of Arr agon, againft the Repub
lic of Venice.
From Cambray I went to St.Quintin, which
City is the Capital of the Vermandois, and is of
Note for the famous Battle of St. Quintin, call'd
alfo the Battle of St. Lawrence, becaufe 'twas
fought on the i oth of Auguft, in 1557. After
the Truce was broke between Henry II. King of
France, and Philip II. King of Spain, Philibert-
Emanuel Duke of Savoy, who was Governor of
the Netherlands, befieg'd the City of St. Quintin,
which was deftitute of Troops, and moreover in
a very bad Condition. The Admiral Coligni
got into it with fome Forces, which gave Time
to the Conftable de Montmorency to pafs the
Somme with the French Army under his Com •
mand, and throw fome Succours into the Town.
This was executed indeed, but with fo much Pre
cipitation, that the Men who enter'd it were fearce
five hundred in number. The Conftable per
ceiving the Approach of the Spaniards, and his
Troops being moreover incumber'd with their
Equipage, endeavor'd to make his Retreat j
but the Duke taking advantage of his Incum
brance, furpriz'd him between the Villages of
Effigny and Rizerolles, and charg'd him home
before he had Time to put his Men into Order
of Battle ; and the Conftable and his Son were
taken Prifoners, with a great many Perfons of
Diftinction. The Number of the Slain was even
greater than that of the Prifoners ; and among the

COMPIEGNE. I75
the former was John of Bourbon, Duke of An-
guien, a Prince of the Blood Royal, and above
600 Gentlemen. The Spaniards Lofs did not
exceed 500 Men. Philip II. in acknowledg
ment for this Victory, made that extraordinary
Vow, which he afterwards perform'd, to build
the Monaftery of St. Lawrence at the Efcurial ;
upon which a certain Ambaflador of France,
when he was fhew'd that flately Edifice, faid,
That Philip muft needs be terribly afraid when he
made fo confiderable a Vow. After the Battle,
St. Quintin furrender'd to the Spaniards, who
kept it till the Treaty of Chateau-Cambrejis, in
1559- From St. ^uintin I went to Compiegne, a
City in the Diocefe of Soiffons, which is fituate
on the Weft fide of the Oyfe and the Aifne. The
famous Maid of Orleans ow'd the Lofs of her
Liberty to this City. For that illuftrious Heroine
going to the Relief of Compiegne, which the
Englifh had refolv'd to befiege, had the Mif-
fortune to fall into their hands, and was carried
Prifoner to Roan, where they burnt her for a
Witch, 'Twas at the Caftle of Compiegne that
the Cardinal de Richlieu kept the Queen Mary
de Medicisa Prifoner, till that Princefs found
Means to efcape, and to retire to Flanders. I
have had the Honor already to tell you, that this
unfortunate Queen died at Cologn.
This fame Caftle was alfo for fome time the
Refidence of the Elector of Bavaria, after he
was ejected out of his Dominions by the victo
rious Arms of the Emperor. The Court his E-
lectoral Highnefs kept here was fo fplendid, that
it did not look like the Court of a Refugee Prince.
Near Compiegne there's a very large Foreft,
which renders the Neighbourhood of this City
very

176 Senlis, St. Denys.
Very pleafant. There are fine Roads cut out in
this Foreft, which render it very convenient for
Hunting. The only confiderable Place from Compiegne
to Paris is Senlis ; and that purely on account
of its being the See of a Bifhop : for fetting
afide its Situation, which is very agreeable, by
reafon of the Neighbourhood of the beautiful
Foreft of Chantilly, Senlis is a very trifling Place.
Near, this City is the Abbey of our Lady of
Viclory, which Philip Auguftus caus'd to be built
as an Acknowledgment for the Victory he won
in Perfon at Bouvines, over the Emperor Otho
IV. and his Confederates, on Sunday July 27th,
12 15 ; upon which very Day, his Son too won
another Battle over the Englifh in Anjou. They
fay that the two Couriers that were carrying the
News of each of the Victories,from the one Army
to the other, met at the very Place where now
ftands the Church of this Abbey.
Betwixt Senlis and Paris there ftands the little
Town of St. Denys, famous for the magnificent
Abbey which gives Name to it. In this Church
are the Tombs of the Kings and Princes of
France, whofe Maufoleums are of rich Work-
manftiip. Here is a Treafure alfo which contains
a great Number of very curious Pieces. The
Abbey of St. Denys has alfo given its Name to
the great Plain in which it ftands. 'Twas in
this Plain that the famous Battle was fought be
tween the Catholics and Hugonots, in the Reign
of Charles IX. when the Conftable Montmorency ±
who at the Age of 83, commanded the Catho
lics, was wounded, but gain'd the Victory over
the Heretics.
At my leaving St. Denys, I had at length
the pleafure of feeing what I had a long time
2 paflionately

Paris, Versailles. 177
paffio nately wifh'd for, I mean the famous City
of Pa:Ris-*, where I arriv'd about the beginning
of theYear 1712. I make nofernple to call it the
chief City of the World, as it is the Capital of the
chief Kingdom in Chriftendom. The Extent of
its Circumference, the Beauty of its Buildings, the
Multitude of its Inhabitants, the continual Arri
val and the Refidence of Foreigners there, the
Variety and Plenty of Commodities of all forts,
render it the fineft City in the World -,. and on
thofe Accounts 'tis juftly reckon'd as the Orna
ment, the Soul and the Strength of the French
Empire. I was not willing however to make any
ftay here at firft, becaufe of my Impatience to fee
the fammisCaftle of Versailles, fo much talk'd
of at all Foreign Courts.
I had entertain'd fo grand an Idea of this Pa
lace, and was fo fully perfuaded of its being all
over Gold, arid Azure, that at the firft Sight the
Beauty of it did not ftrike me. The Entrance
to Verfailles, as one comes from Paris, does not
fet it off at all, tho' the Avenue that leads to it
is one of the moft magnificent ; but when one
comes up to .the Caftle, and turns about towards
this Grand Avenue, the two fumptuous Stables
on the fides of it form a Profpect, which gives a
fob-lime Idea of the Mafter of thofe ftately Piles
of Building. The Front of the Caftle, which
looks towards the Gardens is the fineft ; and on
that Side is the fuperb Gallery, which is the Ad
miration of all Foreigners. What moft furpriz'd
me at Verfailles is the Infide of the Caftle, which
if one examines it well, lpoks like feveral Caftles
join'd together. The Royal Family, which was
ftill pretty numerous, was lodg'd there very
much at their Eafe, each having their Guard-
Chamber, an Anti-Chamber, a Prefence -Cham-
VoL. III. N ber,
* See Vol. II. p. 189, to 290.

i78

Versailles.

ber, a Bed-Chamber, and Great Clofet and Ward
robes. The chief Officers and Ladies attending
the Princefles were alfo commodioufly lodg'd.
The greateft part of the Lords of the Court had
Lodgings too here, which were indeed pretty
much ftraiten'd for want of room, but very
convenient. In fhort, I was affur'd, that when
Lewis XIV. was at Verfailles, about 20,000 Per
fons lay every Night in the Body of this Caftle,
and the Buildings in the Verge of it, the Apart
ments and other Lodgings being fo well laid out,
that all this great Multitude did not croud one
another. The fineft Pieces in the Infide of the Caftle
are the Gallery and the Saloons that join to it.
The Walls are lin'd with Marble. Every Place
fhines with the Works of the greateft Matters in
Gold and Brafs, and with noble Pier-Glafles. I
have heard fay, that before the War for the Spa-
nifh Succeffion, all the Tables, Chandeliers and
Stands, which are now of Marble and gilt Frames,
were of Mafly Silver ; but the King converted
them into Money to help defray the vaft Expen-
ces of the Wars he was then engag'd in. The
Cieling of the Gallery reprefents in feveral Pic
tures the principal Actions of Lewis the XlVth's
Life •, and is alfo adorn'd with Cartridges and
Gildings, which are remarkable both for their
Richnefs and their Elegance.
The Chapel is perfectly anfwerable to the Mag
nificence of the Infide of the Caftle. The Critics
ihdeed think 'tis too lofty for its Bignefs ; and
without pretending to much Skill in Architecture,
of which what I now fay is perhaps a Proof, I
fhould readily fubfcribe to their Opinion. In
deed a Man ought to be plac'd in the Pew from
whence the King hears Mafs, to have a juft View of

Versailles. 179
of the fine Paintings with which the Cieling is
enrich'd ; and than which there's nothing to be
feen that is finer or better fancy'd. The princi
pal Picture reprefents God the Father in all his
Glory, as fully as Human Weaknefs can con
ceive it. This is a piece of Painting I am ne
ver weary of admiring ; and I found fome new
Pleafure every time I look'd on it. The Ciel
ing is fupported by noble Pillars of a white
Stone, as beautiful as Marble, which form a Gallery
that runs round the Chapel, of an equal height
all along with the King's Pew, and the Ballifters
are of yellow Copper and Marble. When one
looks down from the Pew, the Chapel feems too
low, and the Great Altar not high enough.
Oppofite to the King's Pew, and exactly over
the High Altar, there's an Organ-Loft of a
Very good Contrivance, where the King's Mu
fic fits. 'Tis a very good Band * and thofe who
are nice Judges always admire the firft Touch
they give to their Inftruments, the Moment that
the King enters the Chapel to hear Mais.
I own to you, Madame, that I thought it
one of the fineft Sights in the World, to fee
Lewis XIV. enter the Chapel in all his Gran
deur, attended by the Cardinals and the Lords
of his Court. The Life- Guards and the Hundred
Swifs took up the Gallery and the Bottom of the
Chapel ; and the Drums beat, and the Swifs
Fifes play'd till his Majefty was feated. On
Communion or Sermon Days the King went
down into the Chapel, and then the Pavement,
which is of very fine Marble, was cover'd all
over with noble Tapeftry. When the King
receiv'd the Sacrament, a praying Defk was fit
for him over againft the High Altar, and
then the Hundred Swiffers were rang'd in two
N 2 Rows,

180 Versailles.
Rows, and the Courtiers encompafs'd his Ma
jefty. During the Sermon the King's Chair of
State was plac'd over againft the Pulpit •, and
the Princes and Princefles of the Royal Family
and Blood were feated in Folding Chairs* on
both fides of the King in the fame Line. But
the Princes and Princefles very feldom affifted at
the King's Mafs ; and when they did, they
kneel'd leaning on the fame Balluftrade that the
King did, but quite off of his Carpet.
The Gardens of Verfailles may be rank'd a-
mong the modern Wonders ; and I don't be
lieve that the fo much boafted Gardens of the
fuperb S emir amis were finer. For really, con-
fidering the Statues, Vafes and Water-works of
Marble and Brafs, one wou'd think Pains had
been taken to ranfac Greece and Rome it felf,
both ancient and modern, for its moft wonder
ful Productions on purpofe to bring them to this
charming Place. Thefe Gardens were plann'd
by the famous Le Nautre. At the end of the
Great Walk which fronts the Caftle there's a
very fpacious Canal. It forms a Crofs to a certain
Diftance, one fide of which leads to the Mena
gerie, and the other to Trianon. The Mena
gerie is a very little Houfe with only a few
Rooms, from whence the King may fee the
rareft Animals of all forts, which are kept there.
As for Trianon and its Gardens, one would not
think at the firft View that they were made by
Man. The Whole is perfectly inchanting, and
a Perfon ever fo little captivated with the ftrange
Tales of the Fairies, wou'd not feruple to think
this magnificent Structure ' the Mafter-piece of
thofe ingenious Work-women. The whole Build
ing, to outward Appearance,feems very fmall; but
when -one examines the Infide of it, the Apart ments

Versailles, Marly. 181
ments are both fpacious and commodious. The
Outfide of this Palace is partly hid by fine Groves;
what appears of it is fac'd with white Marble,
adorn'd with an Order of Pilafters of red Mar
ble, with Windows in form of Arches between
them. Lewis XIV. often retir'd to this charm
ing Solitude, to be fhelter'd from the Importu
nities of the Courtiers ; and no body was admit
ted to him but fuch Perfons as his Majefty ap
pointed. A little League from Verfailles there's Marly,
another Royal Palace ; and which of all the Pa
laces has the moft pleafant Gardens, tho' thofe
of Verfailles are by much more fumptuous. The
Great Cafcade, which is all of Marble of various
Colors, makes a {lately Appearance. When one
is at the Top of this Cafcade, and looks toward
the Palace, one fees all the Gardens, and a Plain
thro' which the River Seine winds itfelf, hav
ing on one fide the Caftle of St. Germain en
Laye ; and on the other the Caftle de Maifons,
belonging to the Prefident of that Name, which
forms an admirable Point of View. Lewis
XIV. who was fond of Marly, condefcended to
diveft himfelf there of part of his Grandeur, and
did a great many Ladies of Quality the Honor
to make them fit down with him at Table. Thus,
Madame, have I given you a flight Sketch of
the famous Palace of Verfailles, and its Neigh
bourhood. I did not think it fo proper to give
you an exact Detail of the Beauties one difco-
vers at every Step in this magnificent Palace,
You have undoubtedly feen a good Defcription
of them already, in the Books printed upon that
Subject. I fhall now add a Word or two of the
Princes and Princefles of the Royal Family.
N * I

182 Versailles.
I fhall not prefume to fay any thing of the
Auguft Head of this illuftrious Family, fince it
wou'd require a more delicate Pen than mine to
treat fo fublime a Subject with fuitable Dignity.
All that I fhall do my felf the Honor to fay to
you of Lewis XIV- is, that if a good Mien was to
be the Merit for the Crown of France, this Great
Prince might have put in his Claim for it upon
that account, as juftly as on the account of his
Birth. He was already advanc'd in years in
1 7 12, when I had the Honor to fee him ; and
yet he had a nobler Air than any Man in his
Kingdom. The Duke of Burgundy, who became Dauphin
of France, by the Death of his Father, Lewis
XlVth's Son, who was the year before carried
off in a very few days by the Small- Pox at his
Palace of Meudon, was the firft Prince in the
Kingdom next to the King. His Great Quali
ties prognofticated that if he liv'd, his Reign
wou'd be very happy : Being Devout, without
neglecting any of the Duties of a Prince, he
had a way of reconciling the Retirement of a
Cloyfter to the Buftle of a Court; and tho' he had
the Great Affair of his Salvation always at heart,
yet he thought, and juftly too, that his
Practice of Piety ought not to exclude his Ap
plication to the Affairs of State. He married a
Princefs, whofe great Qualities wou'd have made
the French happk if an untimely Death had
not fnatch'd her away in the FloWer of her Age.
Her Name was Mary Adelaide of Savoy, I can
affure you, Madame, that I never faw one that
had a more Noble and Majeftic. Prefence than
this Princefs, And feveral Ladies that had the
Honor of being with her in private affur'd me,
that none could be more fprightly and gay. Her
Youth

Versailles. i$i>
Youth made her fond of Pleafures ; but yet fhe
never was forgetful of her Duties. She had an
extraordinary Refpect and Regard for the King.
She went every Evening to Madame de Mainte-
non's Apartment when the King was there, and
after the Council was over, fhe put every thing
in practice that her gay Humor cou'd imagine
to divert him. The Princefs had alfo a parti
cular Efteem for the Dauphin her Hufband, and
as this Prince never fail'd of being at Mafs, nor
at Vefpers, or the Evening Prayers, the Dau-
phinefs always went with him, and very readily
made her Pleafures give place to her Duties.
I had not been long at the Court of France
when this illuftrious Couple died within a few
days of one another. The firft who paid that
Tribute to Nature was the Dauphinefs. This
Princefs fell lick at Verfailles, foon after which
the Purples difcover'd themfelves ; and at length
her Diftemper appearing defperate, fhe was admo-
nifh'd to prepare for Death : but this was Ad
vice fhe could not find in her heart to comply
with, it being a hard matter to renounce a vo
luptuous Life ;, efpecially when fupported with
the Hopes of being e'er long poffefs'dvof one of
the firft Crowns in the World. This Princefs
died, as it were, in the Arms of the Duchefs of
Orleans, who by her Defire neve.r left her during
all the time of her Illnefs .
The King, who was very much afflicted for
her Death, fet out immediately for Marly, whi
ther the Dauphin follow'd him. This Prince
knowing the Value of the Jewel he had loft, fo
indulg'd his Grief that he ficken'd almoft as foon
-as he arriv'd at Marly, of the fame Diftemper
that had juft depriv'd him of his Confort. He
receiv'd the Sentence of his De#h with a Refo-
N 4 lutioa

184 Versailles.
lution truly Chriftian; and in the Height _ of his
Diftemper was often heard to put up this Peti
tion, My God ! fave the King and Government.
The Night he died he had a very great Defire
to hear Mafs ; and whatever they could fay to
convince him that the Rules of the Church did
not allow it to be celebrated at that Hour, yet
he wou'd not take a Denial ; fo that as foon as
the Midnight Bell rung, Mafs was faid in his
Chamber, at an Altar that was put up at his
Bed's feet. After the Elevation of the Hoft,
the Dauphin was very much compos'd, and con-
tinu'd praying to God till his Strength failing
him every Minute more and more, he gave up
the Ghoft. This happen'd on the 1 8th of Febru
ary 1 7 12, fix Days after the. Death of the Dau-
phinefs. The King had need of all his Stock of Cou
rage to fupport fo many Shocks one after ano
ther. The Royal Family was in the utmoft Con-
fternation. Thofe that were about the King
wou'd fain have perfuaded him to retire elfe-
where a little while for Change of Air ; but he
anfwered undauntedly, That he was every where
in the Hands of God ; and that therefore he
would continue where he was. This great Prince
had foon after, another Trial of his Patience, by
the News he receiv'd of the Death of the Duke
of Bretagne, who upon the Deceafe of his Father
had been declar'd the Dauphin. This young
Prince died at Verfailles the 8th of March 1712,
when he was but five Years old. There never
was a more forrowful Scene than to fee the Fu
neral Pomp of this Year, which ferv'd at the
fame time for the Father, Mother and Son.
The only one that remain'd of this Auguft
Stock was the Duke of Anjou, now Lewis XV.
This

Versailles. 185
This Prince too,who was but a Child, was fuch a
poor Weakling all along, that no body thought
he would live ; and he was at this time in fuch a
bad way, that the very Phyficians defpair'd of his
Recovery. Neverthelefs he infenfibly gather'd
Strength, and now the French fee their young
Monarch in a more vigorous State of. Health
than they could have hoped for in his Childhood :
For this I believe they are oblig'd to the great
Care which was taken of this young Prince by
the Duchefs of Ventadour, who was charg'd with
his Education, in which Poft fhe acquitted herfelf
with all the Zeal that a Perfon could do, who
k.new the Value of that precious Depofit which
was committed to her truft.
The next to the Throne after this young Prince
was the Duke of Berry, Brother to the Duke of
Burgundy. He was of a fair Complexion, and
for his Age a little too corpulent. He fpent his
time chiefly in Hunting, and when the Chace was
over he us'd to go to his Duchefs's Apartments
to game ; for this Princefs, after the Death of
the Duchefs of Burgundy, kept an Affembly.
The laft Prince of the Royal Family was the
Duke of Orleans, afterwards Regent of the
Kingdom ; of whom I fhall have occafion to
fay more, when at the death of Lewis le Grand
he took on him the Government of the Kingdom
during the prefent Monarch's Minority.
The firft People at Court next to the Princes
of the Royal Family, were the Princes of the
Blood. The chief was the Duke of Cbartres,
now Duke of Orleans, by the Death of his Fa
ther who was the Regent of France during the
Minority of Lewis XV.
The Duke of Bourbon, and the Counts de
Cfearolois andClcrmont compos'd the CondeBranch. The

J86 Versailles.
The firft of thefe Princes whom they call only
The Duke, was a tall portly Man, very free and
eafy, but had the misfortune to lofe one Eye
when he was a hunting by fome fmall Shot that
fcatter'd from the Duke of Berry's Fowling-
piece, as he let fly at fome Game.
The other two Princes were well-fhap'd and
very fair, but being as yet very young, they
were as well as the Duke of Chartres in the hands
of their Governors.
The Prince of Conti, Son of him who was
formerly elected King of Poland, was the only
Prince of the fecond Branch of Bourbon.
Thefe, Madame, were the Princes that then
compofed the Court of France. I fhall now do
myfelf the Honor to give you fome account of
the Princefles according to their Rank, diftin-
guifhing them as I have done the Princes, by the
Titles of Princefles of the Royal Family, and
Princefles of the Blood.
The firft. Princefs of the Royal Family was the
Dauphinefs, whom I have had the Honor to
mention to you.
Next to the Dauphinefs, the Duchefs of Berry
was firft in Rank. This Princefs was the
Daughter of the Duke of Orleans, afterwards the
Regent. She refembled her Father very much
for her Wit, and had fhe not been a little too
bulky fhe would have been one of the moft a-
miable Princefles of the whole Court. I fhall
have occafion to let you into this Princefs's Cha
racter prefently;
Madame, the fecond Wife of Philip Of Or
leans, Brother to Lewis XIV. was the third Priii-
cefsat Court, 'during the Life of the Dauphinefs.
Her Name was Elizabeth-Charlotte of Bavaria ;
being the Daughter of the Ek£tor: Chdrles"Le&is by

Ve rsailles. 187
by Charlotte of Heffe, and the laft of the illuf-
trious Branch of the Palatine Family. The Court
I conftantly pay'd to this Princefs, to whom I
was moreoverwell recommended bythe Electorefs
of Hanover Mother to the King of England, ena
bles me to tell you fome Particulars which will
give you a juft Notion of her.
This Princefs was very affable, yet not very
forward to grant her Protection, She talk'd a
great deal, and talk'd well. She lov'd efpecially
to fpeak in her Mother -Tongue, which fhe had
not forgot tho' fhe had been fifty Years in France,
for which reafon fhe was over-joy'd to fee her
Countrymen, and to correfpond with them by
Letters. She was very punctual in writing to
the Electorefs of Hanover, and to feveral other
Perfonages in Germany ; and the Letters fhe
commonly wrote were not little Billets, but took-
up twenty or thirty Sheets of Paper. Of thefe
I had a fight of feveral that would have been
worth publiftiing, and have not feen any thing
better writ in the German Tongue. In fhort,
this Princefs did nothing but write from Morn
ing till Night. Immediataly after fhe rofe, which
was always about ten o'clock, fhe fate down at
her Toilet. From thence fhe went into her
Clofet, where after having fpent fome time in
Prayer, fhe took Pen and Ink and wrote till fhe
went to Mafs. After this was ended, fhe wrote
again till Dinner-time, which did not laft long,
and then fhe fell to writing again till ten o'clock
at Night. About nine o'clock when fhe receiv'd
Company in her Clofet fhe was found fitting at
a great Table fpread with Papers, and there was
an Ombre Table juft by it, at which the Marfhal
de Clerembault's Lady and the other Ladies of
the Princefs's Houfhold ufed to play. Every now

1 8*8 Versailles.
now and then the Princefs caft an Eye upon the
Game, and would give her Advice and write at
the fame time. At other times fhe convers'd
with thofe who paid their Court to her. I once
faw this Princefs napping, and the Moment after
ftart out of her Sleep and write on. This, Ma
dame, was the common Life of the Princefs
when fhe was at Verfailles. Sometimes however
fhe went out a hunting with the King, drefs'd like
an Amazon, and fometimes to the Opera. For
this Princefs was very fond of Plays, fo that after
the Death of Lewis XIV. when the Court came
to fettle at Paris fhe often made the French and
Italian Comedians perform at the Theatre of the
Royal Palace.
As to Rank, never did any Princefs fupport it
better than this. As fhe was punctual to the laft de
gree in requiring the Honors due to her, fo fhe re
turn'd to every one the Honors that belong'd to
them. I heard her once talk very fharply upon
this head to the Duchefs of Berry ; and indeed
none but fhe durft have talk'd to that Princefs
in fuch a Stile. It happen'd in Lewis XVth's
Minority that the Duchefs of Berry came to her
one Evening in a Scarf. After fhe had been
there about half an Hour fhe afk'd Madame de
Moucby what o'clock it was ; whereupon the
Princefs afk'd tife. Duchefs of Berry what fhe
faid to Madame de Mouchy. The Duchefs made
her Anfwer, that fhe was going to the Tuilleries,
and therefore fhe afk'd what time of Night
it was. How ! to the Tuilleries, faid Madame ;
What are yen going to take an Airing by the Light
of Flambeaus ? For, indeed, it was juft Night.
No, Madame, faid the Duchefs of Berry, I am
going to the King. To the King ! reply'd Ma
dame ; Pray excufe me for expreffing my Surprize. t
What,

Versailles. 189
What, go to the King, Madame, in that Drefs !
I thought you knew jour Duty to him better : I be-
feech you, Madame, do no fuch thing. Render to
the King the Refpecl that you owe him, and then
you will have a Right to challenge what is your
due from every body elfe.
The Duchefs of Berry, who was not pleas'd at
this Reprimand, was going to reply, but Madame
interrupted her, and faid, No, Madame, nothing
can excufe you : Surely you may think fit to drefs
your felf as feldom as you go to the King, fince I
that am your Grandmother drefs my felf every day.
Speak the Truth, and fay 'tis meer Lazinefs that
hinders you from putting on your Clothes, which is
a Fault that becomes neither your Age nor your
Rank. A Princefs ought to be drefs'd like a Prin
cefs, and a Chambermaid like a Chambermaid.
The Duchefs of Berry being not us'd to fuch
Lectures, was extremely mortify'd at being fo
check'd, and upon this occafion fhe did what fhe
us'd to do when any thing was ever faid that of
fended her, and when Decency did not permit
her to make a haughty Reply ; that is, fhe arofe,
made a low Curt'fy, and went away. Madame
fell to writing again, but talk'd ftill of the fame
Subject, and not without fome Warmth. She
faid, looking about to all the Company, Was I
-in the wrong, prsy, to talk as I did to the Duchefs
of Berry ? What fay you to it ? You will eafily
fuppofe, Madame, that nobody open'd their Lips,
but while fhe was running on ftill in the fame ftrain,
to the great Confufion of every Soul in her Clo
fet, the Princefs of Ccnti came in, which gave a
Turn to the Converfation.
After Lewis XlVth's Death, Madame fol
low'd the Court to Paris, where fhe refided in
the Winter, but commonly fpent the fine Seafon at

19° Versailles.
at St. Cloud. From thence fhe came very ofteft
to the King's Apartment, us'd to be at the
Theatre, and return in the Evening to St. Cloud.
She had then with her Mademoifelle, now the Ab-
befs of Chelles, and Mademoifelle de Valois, now
the Princefs of Modena. The other Princefles,
her Grandaughters, liv'd at Paris with the
Duchefs of Orleans their Mother. This Prin
cefs, tho' the Mother of the Duchefs of Berry,
had not the Precedency of her, and when fhe
was at her Daughter's Houfe fhe had only a
Folding-Chair allow'd her, whereas the Duchefs
fate in an Arm-Chair. The Duchefs of Orleans
was the laft of the Royal Family.
The firft of the Princefles of the Blood wa9
the Princefs-Dowager of Cond'e, Anne of Bava^
ria Countefs-Palatine, Daughter of Edward
Prince- Palatine of the Rhine. She was call'd
only, Madame the Princefs, She commonly refided
at Paris, where fhe liv'd a very exemplary Life
for her Piety and great Charity. She died the
23d of February', 1723, at feventy-five Years of
Age. _
This Princefs. was Mother to the Duke of
Bourbon (that died in 17 10) whofe Wife Louifa-
Francefe of Bourbon, the legitimated Daughter of
Lewis XIV. was, I can affure you, Madame, one
of the moft beautiful Princefles of the Court ;
and tho' already the Mother of eight Children,
it was much more natural to take her for their
Sifter. With fo much Beauty, fhe had alfo
Charms ftill more preferable .; and all thefe ex
ternal Qualities were fupported by a majeftic Air,
arid a Deportment which gain'd this illuftrious
Princefs Refpect at the fame time that her affable
and obliging Behavior procur'd her Love. She
had moreover a lively fparkling Wit, always fure to

Versailles 191
to divert, whether in giving Merit its due Praife,
or whether by her delicate Raillery, fhe expos'd
the Ridicule of that Behavior, which notwith-
ftanding the good Tafte of the Age had perhaps
made the Fortune of fome fawning Courtier.
The next in Rank to that Princefs was the
firft Dowager- Princefs of Conti, the legitimated
Daughter of Lewis XIV. The Air, Shape and
Beauty of this Princefs, have made fuch a noife
in the World, that I believe, Madame, you are
not ignorant that fhe was reckon'd the tip-top
Beauty of the Kingdom ; and really tho' fhe was
pretty much advanc'd in Years, fhe had ftill that
Air of Majefty and Modefty which partakes of
the Grandeur of her Father, and of the exemplary
Piety of her Mother in her latter Years. After
the Death of Lewis XlVth's Son the Dauphin,
this Princefs was very much retir'd, fo that I
never faw her any where but at Madame's Apart
ments ; and fince the Death of the King fhe
fearce appears any where at all,
The Princefs of Conti, the fecond Dowager is
by Birth Princefs of Conde. She is Mother of
the Prince of Conti, of Mademoifelle de Conti,
who died Duchefs of Bourbon, and of Mademoi
felle de la Roche-fur-Ton. It may be faid that
this Branch of Bourbon have had their fhare of
Senfe and Virtue.
The Duchefs of Maine and the late Duchefs
of Vendome were Sifters of the fecond Dowager
Princefs of Conti, and the Daughters of Henry
Julius Prince of Conde, and of the Princefs- Pa
latine, whom I have already had the Honor to
mention to you.
The Duchefs of Maine is a Princefs of real
Merit, and a great Wit. She degenerates in no
refpect from the illuftrious Blood of Conde. She
liv'd

192 Versailles.
liv'd with more Splendor than any Princefs of
France. She commonly /elided at Seaux, a mag
nificent Caftle not far, from Paris, and one of the
fineft that I have feen, not only for its commo
dious Apartments which are alfo richly furnifh'd,
but for the extent of the Park in which there's
fuch an agreeable Variety of Groves, and of
Marble and Brazen Statues, as prefents the cu
rious Spectator always with fomething new. It
may be faid, that in her time the Pleafures had
fix'd their Refidence in this charming Place.
There was a Refort from all parts to this Prin
cefs, and People were glad to leave both the
Court and City, being fure of finding fomething
at Seaux better contriv'd than the common Re-
prefentations on the Stage ; and indeed they were
never difappointed, the Duchefs- of Maine hav
ing an exquifite Tafte in • fuch things ; for fhe
lov'd the fine Sciences, and was a better Judge
than any body, of what they call Compofures.
This illuftrious Princefs took a delight in be-
fpeaking Plays, and fometimes did not think it
beneath her to act a part in them her felf. The
famous Baron and Beauval had often the Honor
of performing with her. Thofe who have fre
quented the French Theatre know full well that
fuch a choice was a very evident Proof of that
Princefs's Tafte for good Declamation. After
the Comedy there was generally a Party for
Play, and then a magnificent Supper, after which
there was fometimes a Fire-Work, but moft
commonly there was a Ball, at which there was
always a vaft Number of Mafks ; yet the whole
was fo well order'd, that there was plenty of
Refrefhments for every body.
Thefe, Madame, were', the Princes and Prin
cefles who form'd the Court of France when I
came

Versailles. 193
came thither, and I thought 'twas proper to give
you a Character of them before I mention'd the
Conduct I obferv'd at my Arrival there.
I firft got my felf introduc'd to Madame, to
whom I was moreover recommended by the E-
lectrefs of Hanover, the King of England's Mo
ther. This Princefs, who always retain'd a par
ticular Regard for the Germans, receiv'd me with
even more kindnefs than fhe commonly fhew'd
to thofe of that Nation. She did me the Ho
nor to introduce me to the King herfelf, one
Night after his Majefty had fupp'd. This Prince
was in his Bed-Chamber, with all the Princes
and Princefles of the Royal Family. The King
remember'd my Name, and did me the Honor
to afk me, whether I was not the Son of one
Pollnitz, who had been at his Court from the E-
lector of Brandenbourg ? And upon my telling
him that I was his Grandfon, he faid to me,
Indeed, you feem to me to be too young to be taken
for his Son. His Majefty then afk'd me if I in
tended to make any ftay in France. I anfwer'd,
that I was fo overjoy'd to find myfelf at the
Feet of the greateft'of Kings, that I would do
my felf the Honor to pay my Duty to him as
long as poffible. The King feem'd to like mv
Anfwer, and turning towards Madame, he faid
to her, fpeaking of me, He talks French well.
He afterwards did me the Honor of a Salute,
and told me as he withdrew that he fhould take
a pleafure in doing me Service.
Next day Madame introduc'd me to the Duke
of Burgundy the Dauphin, and to the Dauphinefs,
which illuitrious Couple died fome time after, as
I have had the Honor to tell you. Madame
alfo caus'd me to be introduc'd to the Duke and
Duchefs of Berry, but neither of 'cm faid one
Vol. III. O word

194 Versailles.
word to me. I was very well receiv'd by the
Duke and Duchefs of Orleans. It was not eafy
to fee this Prince without loving him ; for his
Affability fupported by a moft fparkling Wit,
and the moft elegant Accomplifhments, endear'd
him to all that had the Honor of Accefs to him.
This Prince conftantly paid his Attendance at
Court, and had the greateft Refpect for Madame.
He never mifs'd a Day of waiting upon this-
Princefs. He went to her Apartments every
Night at half an Hour paft eight, and play'd at
Chefs there till the King's Supper-time ; but this
Prince only fate down at the Game, and as he
went in and out he always kifs'd her Hand.
The Court of France, tho' very fplendid byreafon
of the numberof Princes and Princeffes of whichit
confifts, was neverthelefs not fo gay as I expect
ed. The Life at Verfailles W2S the moft uniform
in the World : The King's Hours were fettled,
and he that had feen but one Day there had feen
a Year. The King rofe at nine or ten o'clock.
The Princes and all the Courtiers attended his
Levee, and after he was drefs'd he kneel'd down
to Prayers on a Cufhion of Black Velvet, with his
Chaplains and theBifhops that were at his Le\ ee,
kneeling alfo round him. When Prayers were
ended, the King went into his Clofet, where
fometimes theMinifters came to 'fpeak to him about
Bufinefs, and in the mean while the Courtiers
walk'd in the great Gallery, thro' which the
King walk'd to hear Mafs, and there all the
Courtiers waited to be feen by his Majefty as he
pafs'd. I never faw a Nation more fond of pay
ing their Attendance at Court than the French ;
for I have even feen many Courtiers, who think
ing the Prince had not obferv'd them, ftept
forwards into another Room, and then another, till

Versailles. 195
till by chance his Majefty happen'd to call his
Eyes upon them.
After Mafs was over the King return'd to his
Clofet, fometimes he held a Council and after
wards din'd alone, at which time one might alfo
obferve how the Courtiers ftrove to be feen by
him. The King eat with a good Appetite, nay
I thought he eat voracioufly. His Dinner lafted
three Quarters of an Hour, and upon certain
Days there was Mufic. After Dinner, the King
went down by the Back-ftairs, and took Coach
to go a hunting in the Park of Verfailles, which
was full of fmall Game. He return'd about the
Dufk of the Evening, and went to Madame de
Maintenon's Apartment, where there were only
a few of the old Courtiers, and generally fpe'ak-
in<r, none but Ladies ; as, Madame de Caylus, a
Coufin of Madame de Maintenon, and Madame
de Dangeau, who play'd at Cards with the King
when the Minifters were not there ; for then, in
ftead of Gaming, Bufinefs was the Subject, and
there every thing was commonly fettled. At
ten o'clock at Night, when word was brought
to the King that Supper was ferv'd up, his Ma
jefty went to the Table, where the Princes and
Princefles always accompanied him. The Duchef-
fes were plac'd behind the Folding-Chairs of the
Princes, on both fides of the Table ; and the
other Ladies of Quality flood on the Right-hand
of the King's Arm-chair. His Majefty, after
making a Bow to the Princes and Princefles
and all the Ladies, fate down in his Chair, and
then the Princes and Princefles took their Seats,
as did alfo the Ducheffes. The other Ladies of
Quality pafs'd into a Salon juft by, where they
were at liberty to fit down. The Supper lafted
no longer than the Dinner : The- King talk'd
O 2 there

196

Versailles.

there but little, and fometimes he addrefs'd him
felf to Madame, or to the Duchefs of Orleans ;
but I never heard him fpeak to the Dukes of
Berry and Orleans, nor even to the Duchefs of
Berry. After Supper was over, the King, preceded by
the Princes, went into his Bed-Chamber, where
he found fuch of the Ladiesas were notDucheffes,
to whom he put off his Hat, and then fate down
by the Balluftrade that was before his Bed, where
he ftay'd till the Princefles and Ducheffes were
enter'd into the Room. I obferv'd that the old
Court-Ladies mc.de a profound Curt'fy to the
King's Bed when they enter'd his Chamber,
which the young Ladies did not ; for being per
haps mere puff 'd up with their Youth and their
Charms, they did not think themfelves oblig'd
to pay fo much Refpect. When the Ducheffes
who had attended at Supper enter'd to the King's
Bed-Chamber, the King made an Obeifance to
them, as he did to the other Ladies ; and then
the King preceded by thePrinces,and followed by
the Princefles who had fupp'd with him, went
into his Clofet, to which the Princes and Prin
cefles of the B'ood alfo repair'd. His Majefty
convers'd with 'em for a while, during which
the Ducheffes and the other Ladies withdrew.
At length, the King difmifs'd the Princes and
Princefles, and went to Bed. Then the Cour
tiers feparated, and the Generality retir'd. Some
went to the Duke of B:rry's Couchee, and other?
to the Duke c f O. -lea;;.' 's. Thofe who paid their
Court to this Prince were well receiv'd by him.
For my own part 1 went thither as often as I
could, not_ fo much to pay my Court to Ma
dame, as from a natural liking I had to this
Prince, Thus

Versailles, Fontainbleau. 197
Thus, Madame, did the King pafs his Life.
The Pleafures of the Courtiers were at beft but
dull, Gaming being almoft their whole Amufe-
ment. The Affembly was commonly held at
the Houfe of the Prince d' 'Armagnac of Lorrain,
Mafter of the Horfe, where there was Play in
the Afternoon. Foreigners were perfectly wel
come to this Prince, as they were alfo to the Car
dinal of Rohan. The latter liv'd very magnifi
cently, and at the Houfes of thefe two Noble
men you were fure to fee the Prime of the No
bility of France.
When the Court was at Fontainbleau *,
'twas much more gay than it was when at Ver
failles, where it may be faid, that it fhone in its
full Luftre. Neverthelefs tho' Fontainbleau is
not near fo magnificent, it has the Air of a Caftle,
which Verfailles has not. Moreover, Art and Na
ture feem to have acted in concert towards for
ming the magnificent Buildings which feveral
Monarchs have caus'd to be erected at Fontain
bleau : Whereas at Verfailles Nature feems to
have had nothing to do, every thing being the
Work of Art, and too much adorned. Per
haps I may be the only one of this Opinion, but
I always thought that the Magnificence at Ver- ¦
failles was too general.
I was at Fontainbleau fome time after the Con-
clufion of the Sufpenfion of Arms with the Eng-
lifh. The News of the Peace on the point of
being concluded, and the Vi.tory at Denain,
feem'd to have reftor'd to the Court fuch an Air
of Gayety as had not been known there for ma
ny years. The Elector of Bavaria was there at
that time, and there was fuch Gaming at the
Duchefs of Berry's and the Duke of An tin's, as
O 3 if
* See Vol II. 184, 1 83.

I98 Fo NT AINBLE A tT.
if they had no Senfe at all of the public Calami
ties. The Party was of twelve Cutters at Lanf-
auenet, who began with fetting four Lewid'ors,
and at laft ftak'd Rouleaus of a hundred Lewi
d'ors on a Card. I won feven hundred Lewi
d'ors there one Night, in lefs than an Hour's
time, and the Duchefs de la Ferte trick'd me
out of no lefs than a hundred, befides fourfcore
that fhe borrow'd of me, and never paid me a-
gain. Perhaps fhe thought 'twas the beft way
to make herfelf amends for the Trouble fhe was
pleas'd to take upon her, of fetting my Money
upon the Table, there being fuch a Croud of
Ladies round it that I could not get near it.
While the Court was at Fontainbleau, who
fhould come thither but Mr. St. John, fince made
Lord Bolingkroke, to fettle the Plan of the Peace
that was afterwards concluded at Utrecht. He
could not have been better receiv'd than he was
there if he had been a Sovereign Prince, for the
King himfelf had an extraordinary Regard for
him. I was one day to fee his Majefty dine,
when there was to be Mufic, but as foon as it
ftruck up the King flopt it, by calling out a-
loud, / am inform' d that M. de St. John dines
with the Duke of Antin. Lei my Mufic wait
on him there, and let him know that I fend it to
him, and that I wifh it may give him Pleafure.
You will eafily imagine, Madame, that all the
Courtiers, in imitation of the Monarch, ftrove
who fhould be moft complainant to the Englifh
Minifter, who for his part juftly merited the
Regard that was paid to him.
The Court ftay'd at Fontainbleau fome time
lifter the Arrival of this Minifter, and all the
while there was nothing but Merriment and a
continual Succeffion of Pleafures. The Hunting- Matches

Fontainbleau, Paris. 199
Matches were of the utmoft Magnificence. The
Ladies were there either on horfeback or in
Chaifes in the Retinue of the Duchefs of Berry
and Madame. So many fine Women mounted en
horfeback all richly dreffed, the King in a Chaife
attended by the whole Court on horfeback, and
the fumptuous Hunting- Equipages to be feen all
at once in the pleafant Foreft of Fontainbleau,
form'd one of the fineft Sights that could be.
On the Days when there was no Hunting, the
King took the Air in an open Calafh round the
great Canal, accompany'd by Ladies whofe
Habits were the fineft and of the moft beau
tiful Fancy that could be imagin'd. When
the Court return'd from their Airing there was a
Comedy or elfe a Drawing-Room at the Duchef3
of Berry's, where they play'd at Lanfquenet.
At thofe times too when there was no Hunt
ing there were Affemblies at M. le Grand's, and
feveral others of Quality. I obferv'd that moft
of the Nobility were more inclinable to be com
plaifant at Fontainbleau, than at Verfailles : If a
Man was ever fo little known for a Perfon of
Quality, they freely furnilh'd him with the
King's Horfes for Hunting, which is fearce ever
practis'd but in France and Lorrain. Indeed I
have feen the fame thing done at the Court of
Bavaria, but 'twas very feldom.
After I had follow'd the Court for fome time
to Verfailles and Fontainbleau, I went back again
to the famous City of Paris. I no fooner ar
riv'd there but I had a confiderable Fit of Sick-
nefs, which brought me almoft to the Brink of
the Grave. I committed myfelf to the care of
the famous Dutch Phyfician Helvetius, This
fkilful Doctor fet me upon my Legs in a very
little time ; and when I was able to go abroad, he
O 4 advis'd

200 Paris.
advis'd me to take a Walk in the Garden of Lux
embourg, which they cry'dup for the bell Air in
all Paris. I did not fail to purfue the Doctor's
Direction, and obferv'd indeed, that the Air I
breath'd in that Garden was very good for me :
But in a little time it had like to have prov'd
moft pernicious to me. For one Morning as I was
walking there, I faw two Ladies coming a good
way off, in a Deftiabille, who had both a grand
Air, and a moft noble Carriage. They were
footing it on the very Terrafs where I was
walking ; fo that I fat down on a Bench to fee
them pafs by. I confefs to you, that I thought
their Perfons as lovely as their Undrefs was gen
teel and noble. As they fail'd by me, one of
'em happen'd to drop her Handkerchief, which
I that inftant fnatch'd up and prefented to her.
She receiv'd it in a very polite manner, and I
pafs'd her a Compliment, to which fhe made a
witty Reply. By degrees we enter'd intoaCon-
verfation, which tho' it held only a Quarter of
an Hour, coft me very dear ; for I fell in Love,
and more deeply in Love than' I can exprefs
to you. The Ladies afk'd my Name. You
will imagine I did not put them to the trouble
of afking it twice ; the rather, becaufe I hop'd
that in requital they would tell me their Names:
But notwithftanding all my Intreaty they wou'd
not fatisfy me. She that I was moft enamour'd
with at the firft View, bid me in very good High-
Dutch not to give my felf any Uneafinefs to
know who they were ; as fhe was going away,
fhe faid that I fhould not fail to fee them again
if I made any ftay at Paris. I gave her my
Hand and led her to her Coach, which feem'd
to be well lin'd. I alfo faw a Couple of lufty
Lackeys who were well clad. All this put to
gether,

Paris. 201
gether, confirm'd me in the Notion I had con-
ceiv'd, that they were Ladies of Quality ; or, at
leaft, in good Keeping. I wou'd have given
all the World to be inform'd exactly who
and what they were ; but 'twas abfolutely im-
poflible for me to make any Difcovery. The
Lackey that I had with me being a German,
and even more a Stranger here than my felf, was
upon that account an improper Perfon, for the
Management which is neceflary for fuch Difco-
veries. I remain'd therefore mortally uneafy, and
it had like to have made me as light-headed as I
was in the Illnefs from which I was but newly
recover'd. I did not fail to go to Luxembourg
Gardens every day, and ftaid there from nine
o'clock in the Morning till Night, excepting
only the little time it took me to go home to
Dinner. All thefe Jaunts forwards and back
wards lafted about a Fortnight, at the end of
which I found my felf juft as forward as I was
the firft Day. At laft, when I had given over
all Thoughts of being fo happy as to find this
Fair-one out, T was furpriz'd to fee her at a
Place where I never dreamt of finding her.
One day as I waited upon the Ladies de V- 
and D  to the Play -houfe where Cid was to
be acted, and Quinaut the Elder began with
playing Rrderigo ; judge, Madame, how great
was my Surprize when I faw that the Heroine
of my Paffion was alfo the Heroine of this
Play, in which fhe perform'd the Part of Cly-
mene. In all my Life I was never fo confoun
ded, and began to queftion whether I ought to in
dulge a Paffion of that nature. I perceiv'd fome
Reluctance in my Mind againft attaching my
felf to a Perfon whofe Profeffion is rarely fuf-
ceptible of thofe nice Sentiments, which Perfons of

202 r A R I S.
of Honor always demand in Love. But the
Courfe I took was really the fame that a Boy
of nineteen years of Age wou'd have done ; that
is to fay, I acted the very contrary to what I
ought to have done. I foolifhly indulg'd my
Paffion, fo that I had fearce Patience to ftay for
the Interval between the Play and the Enter
tainment, before I went behind the Scenes, where
I found my Fair-one, with feveral Gentlemen
of my . Acquaintance about her, whom I took
at firft for fo many Rivals ; and as if it was not
Puniftiment enough to be in love, I muft needs
be jealous too. I fpoke to D  , (which was
the Name of this diflembling Creature) but I per
ceiv'd that what I faid put her into a Flutter ; and
I obferv'd that fhe was over and above com
plaifant to-a Gentleman of the Long Robe who
flood near her. I was not miftaken in my
Guefs ; 'twas B  , one of the Counfellors of
Parliament, who bore this Lady's Expences, and
at fuch a Rate too, as if he had been an Officer
of the Finances, rather than a Magiftrate. I
was fo vain as to think of fupplanting thisLover,
or at leaft, if I could not quite non-fuit him, I
flatter'd my felf that I fhould put him to a Non
plus... For this end I began to frequent the
Comedy, and foon had the Comfort to find
that my Love was not repaid with Ingratitude.
The Dfficulty was to find a convenient Op
portunity of feeing one another ; but Love and
Fortune foon pav'd the way for our Interview.
Young £9—  , the Sifter of D  , who alfo
liv'd with her, happen'd to have the Small Pox,
The Counfellor, who was extremely afraid of
the Confequence, immediately took D — — from
thofe Lodgings, and gave her an Apartment in
the Hotel a' Entr agues : But my comic Miftrefs gave

Paris. 203
gave me notice of her new Quarters ; and the
very fame Day I hir'd a Chamber there too.
I took no body with me but one Domeftic,
who was the Confident of my little Secrets ;
and there, in fpite of my troublefome Argus, it
was eafy for me to fee his Miftrefs, who would
have been glad to be mine, if I had been fo
generous as he was, to give her 14000 Livres
a year. But I chofe rather to go fnacks with
him in the Favors which the Fair-one granted,
than to pay fo dear for the Exclufion of a Rival.
The Counfellor, for his part, was not fo indiffe
rent, and having a Miftruft, he left no Stone
unturn'd to find out the real Truth of the mat
ter ; nor was it long e'er his Curiofity was fa-
tisfy'd. Any other Perfon, not fo deeply fmitten
as he was, might have known what he had
to truft to for a Trifle of Expence ; but this un
believing Gallant, who, perhaps, was alfo too
much conceited of his own Merit, and had too
great an Opinion of his Nymph's Virtue, to pre-
fume to be jealous of her Honor upon flight
Appearances, try'd new Experiments. He gave
a Bribe to a Chamber-Maid, who made him fee
enough with his own Eyesintirely to remove
thofe Sufpicions which he had fo fondly indulg'd.
In a word, he faw me with his dear Miftrefs ; and
at a time too, when we fhould have leaft of all
thought of being feen together. What a Fury
the provok'd Lover was in, is eafy to imagine,
Neverthelefs he was fo prudent as to diffemble
his Paffion till I was retir'd to my own Cham
ber. Then, like another Roland, he took a
Revenge for the Infidelity of his Angelica upon
every thing that happen'd in his way. He broke
and dafh'd all to pieces ; he tore off her Top
knot, and threaten'd no lefs than utter De-
ftruction

204 Paris.
ftruction to all about him. To all this Noife the
Damfel return'd no Anfwer but Tears, which
at length wrought fo far upon this outragious
Lover, as to pacify him : being then more
calm, he larded his fevere Reproaches with the
fofteft Expreffions ; and taking the advantage
of her Foible, offer'd her to increafe her Penfion,
if fhe would but promife him inviolable Fideli
ty. The Fair-one fwore that nothing fhould,
hereafter, lead her aftray from her Duty ; and in
a Flood of Tears fhe confented to receive 2000
Crowns Addition to her Penfion, which made
it 20000 Livres a year. The Bargain was con
cluded with great Joy on both fides ; but yet
it was not ftrictly perform'd ; for I continu'd my
Vifits to the Damfel, till at length her Sifter be
ing recover'd of her Diftemper, Mifs return'd to
her own Houfe. The Difficulties that then oc-
curr'd, together with my own Ficklenefs, quite
cool'd my Paffion, which it was the eafier for me
to get rid of, becaufe it was not in the leaft
founded in Efteem ; and perhaps, had it not
been purely for the Pleafure of teazing that Limb
of the Law, I had withdrawn my Addreffes
fooner. My Amour with the fair Comedian did not
fequefter me from Company ; and I will venture
to fay, that I made a tolerable Figure in a
Country where every body that is not French
paffes readily for a Barbarian. Several Gentle
men who faw how gracioufly the King receiv'd
me at Verfailles, were eager to pay me their
Refpects ; particularly the Duke D  , firft
Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber, made me fuch
a Compliment as I cannot eafily forget. I be
came acquainted with this Nobleman at Ver
failles. He accofted me with the utmoft Civi lity

r a r i s. 205
lity in the Great Gallery, the very Day after
I had been introduc'd to his Majefty, and told
me that I had good reafon to be pleas'd with
the Reception which the King gave me ; but
much more with what he faid when I was
withdrawn ; which was, That of all the Fo
reigners who had been introduc'd to him, no
body had faluted him with a better Grace and
a more eafy Air than the Margrave of Anfpach
and me. The faid Duke made a Propofal to
me for my entring into the Service of France ;
and alfo promis'd me that I fhould be made a
Colonel, if I would turn Roman Catholic. I
thank'd him for his obliging Offers ; but affur'd
him, that Intereft fhould never make me al
ter my Religion. I was alfo at that time full
of the Prejudices of the Proteftants againft the
Catholics ; moreover, I was of an Age not
mature enough for ferious Reflections : for I
thought of nothing in the world but my Plea
fures ; and indeed, how could a Man of my
years help abandoning himfelf to them, when
all the Kingdom, Paris efpecially, breath'd an
Air of Gayety, which there was no withftand-
ing ? France faw that Peace which fhe had long
wifh'd for, on the point of being concluded ;
her late Loffes had been expung'd by the Vic
tory at Denain, and other Advantages which
the French Troops obtain'd, not only by the
railing of the Siege of Landrecy, which the
Allies had inverted, but by the taking of Mar-
chiennes and St. Amant. The Allies began there
fore to think of a Peace, and the Englijh were at
laft willing to confent to it. I have already
had the Honor to acquaint you, that my Lord
St. John was come to the Court of France to
have a Conference upon the Articles of the fo

206 P a

SIS.

fo much defir'd Peace ; and that he was re
ceiv'd there as a Man who came with the
moft important News that 'twas poffible for
them to receive.
As foon as that Minifter was return'd to London,
the Congrefs was open'd at Utrecht for a Peace ;
and France and England mutually fent their
Ambafladors to one another. The Duke d'Au-
mont was appointed to go in that quality to
the Court of England ; and before he depart
ed, the King gave him the Order of the Ho
ly Ghoft. This Nobleman was perfectly wel
come to the Court- Party at London, which was
defirous of Peace ; but was an Eye-fore to the
oppofite Party, who hated to hear the mention
of it. The French Ambaflador was infulted,
and treated with fuch Outrage, that his Houfe
was fet on fire, and the Lofs thereby fuftain'd
was very confiderable ; the faid Duke having
borrow'd the richeft Furniture of feveral Per
fons, which was entirely burnt. The Duke of
Orleans thereby loft a noble Suit of Hangings,
and feveral very fearce Pictures.
The Perfon who was fent to France, as Am
baflador from the Court of England, was the
Duke of Shrewfbury, whofe Reception by the
King, the Court and the Kingdom was fuffi-
cient Demonftration how well they lik'd the
Commiffion which he came to negotiate. This
Ambaflador kept no very great Table at the
Court of France ; nor was his Equipage very
gay. He was indeed a Nobleman of very great
Merit, but of a mean Prefence ; for he was
blind of one Eye, and exclufive of that Defect no
body would hardly have taken him for a Noble
man, if he had not been adorn'd with the Or
der of the Garter. He had his Duchefs with
him,

Paris. 207
him, who was an Italian Lady by Birth, and
Sifter to the famous P—  , fo well known in Eng
land for his Extravagancies and his tragical Exit.
The Duke of Shrewfbury was betroth'd to her
in Italy, and married in England. This Duchefs
appear'd at the Court of France with the moft
Foreign Air in the World. The Duchefs dAu-
mont was to have introduc'd her to the King
and the Princefles ; but as fhe was at that time
indifpos'd, fhe defir'd Madame de Chatillon to
perform the Office for her. The King receiv'd the
Ambafladrefs with great Marks of Diftinction ;
and fhe was afterwards introduc'd to Madame,
where foe found a numerous Company that
came thither out of meer Curiofity ; and there
it was that I had the Honor of feeing her.
She feem'd at firft in fuch Confufion, as if
fhe had never liv'd in any Court, but by de
grees fhe took courage. She talk'd a great
deal, and talk'd well.
The fame Night the Duchefs of Shrewfbury
was with the King at Supper, where fhe was
plac'd in the Rank of the Ducheffes, exactly
behind the Duke of Berry. She talk'd a great
deal to this Prince, tho' fhe had only a Glimpfe
of him once before at the Duchefs of Berry's
Apartment. All the Supper-time fhe did no
thing but twitch him by the Sletve, to advife
him not to eat fo much. Every body was very
much furpriz'd to fee this Familiarity of her's; and
I obferv'd that the Duke of Berry was not a little
confounded atit. I forgot to mention one Circum-
flance wherein I thought the King was over and
above polite. As he came to the Table he pafs'd
by the Duchefs of Shrewfbury, without feeing
her ; but juft as he was going to fit down, M.de
Livry the Chief Steward acquainted him, that the

2b8

A R I S.

the Ambafladrefs of England was come to his
Supper. Upon this, the King return'd that in
ftant to the Place where fhe was, arid faid to her,
That he had pafs'd her without faluting her, be
caufe he did not fee her ; and that, he thought
fhe was fo fatigu'd with the Vifit s Jhe had made
in the Day that ftoe was retir'd. The King alfo
defied her to go and repofe her felf ; but fhe
made her Excufe and faid, That 'twas impoffible
to have the Honor of paying Duty to fo great a
King as his Majefty, and to complain of Fa
tigue. The Duchefs of Shrewfbury was much of the
feme Temper as her Lord the Ambaflador : She
did not care for expenfive Livings I remem
ber that one day when I was at the Palace
of Soiftons, where fhe lodg'd, the Duchefs de
 , who was a very gay Lady, wou'd fain
have engag'd the Ambafladrefs to give a Ball .'
for this purpofe fhe fignify'd what a general
Melancholy there was all over France, on ac
count of the Death of the Princes, and a War
of feveral years continuance; and faid, every
body expected that the Duke of Shrewfbury,
who was come over to France to bring Peace*
would alfo be inclinable to procure the Return
of thofe Pleafures which fo many Calamities had
banifh'd. But it all avail'd nothing ; for the
Ambafladrefs made anfwer to the Duchefs,
that fhe fhould be very glad to fee a general
Mirth at Paris ; and that fhe thought the
Duke of Shrewfbury had brought the French
fuch important News, as wou'd have put an
end to all Sadnefs for the paft Misfortunes,
without expecting him to procure other Plea
fures. 'Twas to no purpofe therefore to infift
any longer on a Ball from that Quarter. You

Par is. 209
You will undoubtedly be furpriz'd, Madame,
When you hear who was the Perfon that gave the
firft Ball, inftead of the Ambaflador of England.
*Twas I that reviv'd Paris out of that fatal Le
thargy, into which it feem'd to be fallen. I gave
a Ball at Carneaux, or rather Mefdames de la
M — D — and de V. . .. gave it for me.
Thefe Ladies having in form defir'd me to give
a Ball, I immediately excus'd my felf, on the con-
fideration that as I was a Stranger it did not be
come me to fet a Pattern for Entertainments, ef
pecially for a Peace which could be of no farther
Advantage to me, than as it would indeed enable
me to live more to my Satisfaction, in a Country
where it had been long wifh'd for. Moreover,
there were other Reafons much of the fame na
ture as thofe that govern'd the Duke of Shrewf
bury, which made me grudge the Expence of a
Ball that I forefaW would be very chargeable.
My Arguments had fome weight with the La
dies ; but a Ball they were refolv'd to have, and
therefore they made a Propofal to me, that if I
would give them but ten Lewid'ors there fhould
be a Ball, and I fhould have nothing elfe to do
but to give out at the Opera and the Comedy,
that there would be a Ball fuch a day at Carneaux.
This I did not fail to do, and wherever I came
I found People Very well inclin'd to be prefent
at the Affembly. The Ladies on their part hir'd
the great Hall of the Carneaux, which they
caus'd to be very finely illuminated, and having
provided a very good Concert of Mufic there, they
caus'd the Ball to be open'd by their Waiting-
Women and Valets de Chambre. I fupp'd with
the Ladies that Evening, and ingenuoufly own'd
to them that I did not very well know what Ef
fect a Ball of that fort would have at Paris.
Vol. III. P After

2io Paris.
After a good deal of joke upon it we went
thither as foon as ever we had fupp'd, and I con-
fefs that in my Life I never faw more Mafkers."
They crouded one another from the very Gate
of the Court into the Hall, where the People were
ready to faint for the very Heat,' and did not
know whom to apply to for a drop of Water :
Every body rav'd againft the Ball, and againft
the Perfon that gave it. But by good luck they
did not know whom they were oblig'd to for
fuch an Entertainment. Mean time I had the
Precaution to provide fome Refrefhments for the
Ladies in my Company, and they were not ill
beftow'd. This Ball drew me in to give ten or
a dozen other Entertainments of the like kind,
and altogether as unprovided of Refrefhments.
Yet notwithftanding the general Thirft com
plain'd of for want of Liquor, and the Curfes
that I heard them utter againft the Undertaker,
there was always avaft Croud of Mafqueraders.
Thus, Madame, did I pafs my time at Paris,
I kept the greateft and the gayeft Cbmpany, and
I had pretty good Fortune at Play, which, to
gether with what was remitted to me from home,
put me in a Condition to live there like a Prince.
I made frefh Acquaintance every day, and they
gave me frefh Pleafures, till I receiv'd News
• which troubled me very much, viz. the Death
of our King Frederic I. which happen'd on the
1 5th of February this Year, and was occafion'd
by one of the faddeft Accidents that could have
fallen out. 'Twas the Queen herfelf who in one
of thofe Vertigo's, to whkh fhe had been for
fome time paft fobject, frighten'd the King fo
that he never recover'd it. It happen'd thus :
The Queen had for a long while given herfelf
up to more than ordinary Devotion, and to a
rigid

Paris. 211
rigid Life not very agreeable to hefr natural Tem
per. But the Princefs thought 'twas the beft
Courfe fhe could take* to flop the Mouths of
thofe who had been fo audacious as to give out
that before her Marriage fhe was not always the
fondefl of Retirement, The reclufe and felf-
denying Life fhe led after Marriage, made her
fobject to Vapors, which ended in Frenzy, the
Fits whereof were terrible. The King was not
acquainted with her unhappy Diforder for a long
time, till at laft the Queen being one day in a
more outragious Fit than ordinary, was fo ftrong
as to get loofe from the Ladies that had the Care
* of her Perfon, and being but half drefs'd, with
her Hair difhevel'd, fhe went thro* a private Gal
lery to the King's Apartments As fhe enter'd it
fhe broke a Glafs-Door* by which fhe cut both
her Hands and Arms ; arid in this bloody pickle
rufh'd in upon the King like a Fury, and abus'd
him with fuch Reproaches as would never have
enter'd into the head of the poor Princefs, if fhe
had been welL The King, who was at the fame
time fomewhat indifoos'd, was taking a Nap in
an eafy Chair * but he ftarted out of his Sleep,
and imagin'd himfelf in the hands of a Ghoft,
every thing contributing to confirm him in that
Notion. For the Queen having her Hair flying
about her Temples, and no Clothes on but an
Under- Petticoat* and a quilted Waiftcoat of Mar -
feilles Linnen, and her Arms and Face being
' moreover of a Gore- Blood, the King fancy*d her
to be the White Woman *, and did fo much believe
that this Apparition was a certain Prefage of his
approaching Diffolution, that it threw him the
P 2 fame
* That is a Spe&re drefs'd in white, which they fay ap
pears in the Palace of the Princes of Brandenburg, a little be
fore the Death of any one of the Family.

212 Paris.
fame Inftant into a Fever, which oblig'd him to
take to his Bed, and he never recover'd it. This
Prince lay ill for near fix Weeks, during which
he had the Confolation to fee how dear he was
to his Subjects ; for one day as he thought him
felf a little better, fo that the Phyfick ns began to
have hopes of his Recovery, he caus'd himfelf
to be carry'd towards a Window, from whence
he faw the whole Square full of People, who
were offering up Vows to Heaven for his Life.
This was fo moving a Scene to him,that the ge
nerous Prince could not refufe a Tribute of Tears
for the Tendernefs of his People. But their
Prayers were not heard ; and his Majefty died
at Berlin with a Conftancy and Courage worthy
of him, after having given excellent Inftructions
to his Son the Prince Royal.
This young Prince was heartily griev'd for the
Death of the King his Father, and as foon as he
had receiv'd the firft Homages of the Margraves
who were the late King's Brothers, and of the
whole Court, he fhut himfelf up in his Apart
ment where he abandon'd himfelf to that La
mentation which he had reafon to make for the
Lofs he had fuftain'd. The Perfon that notify'd
his Death to the Courtiers who crouded the A-
partments, was M. de Printz, the Grand Mar
shal. They fay, that when this Nobleman made
his appearance to proclaim the melancholy News,
it fo feiz'd him that he could only fay, The King,
the King, the King ! his redoubled Sighs difco-
vering the reft that his Tongue had not power
to declare.
The King's Funeral Obfequies were very
magnificent. In the Streets, from the Palace to
the place of Interment, feveral Regiments of
Soldiers were drawn up in a Line on each fide.

Paris. 213
fide. The new King accompany'd the Convoy,
and when the Corpfe was depofited in the Royal
Vault he went out of the Church, and mounting
on horfeback put himfelf at the Head of the
Troops which made three Difcharges of fmall
Arms, and at the fame time the Cannon were
fir'd from the Ramparts. Thus, Madame, were
the laft Devoirs paid to Frederic our Firft King.
As to the Queen, the Phyficians were of O-
pinion that her Native Air would be of fervice
to her, and therefore fhe was carry'd to her Mo
ther's Seat at Grabau in Mecklemburg , where ihe
ftill remains, but without any Hopes as yet of her
Recovery. After the Death of Frederic I. the King his
Son difmifs'd the whole Court, the three Com
panies of Life-Guards were broke, and the Guard
of the hundred Swifs fent home to their own
Country : In fhort, every thing affum'd a new
Face. I faw, and was really mortify'd to fee,.
that there was nothing more for me to hope for in
my own Country. Neverthelefs, tho' I thought
I fhould have broke my Heart the firft Moment
that I receiv'd the melancholy News, my Sorrow
was of no long duration. I had not, indeed, a
very fplendid Fortune to be my Comfort, but I
was fo young that I prefum'd to think I fhould
never come to want. Befides, my Birth was
fome Relief to my Mind ; and to tell you the
plain truth of the matter, as Things flood with
me at that time, I was quite in love with Paris,
which was reafon good enough why I fhould
not devote myfelf long to Melancholy.
Happening to be at the Fair of St. Germain,
I there contracted Love for another Miftrefs. I
had no reafon to be afham'd of the choice I then
made, becaufe I might have hop'd to have been
P 3 poffefs'd

214 Pa r i s.
poffefs'd of every thing that was capable of fixn
ing a Man of Gallantry. I abandon'd my felf
intirely to this new Amour, and as I was natural
ly fond of Expence, I laid out fuch a Sum that
all my Friends were ftartled at it. My Equi
pages, Clothes, Liveries, &c. were all of the ut
moft Magnificence, and the frequent Prefents
that I made were very rich. But I was foon re
duc'd to a Neceflity of making very ferious Re
flections upon my paft Conduct ; tho' I had no
body to blame but myfelf; for as to Mademoifelle
de S. . .. (which was the Name of the Angel I
ador'd) fhe would certainly have been well e-
nough pleas'd with a Lover lefs profufe, fo that
-with a little Oeconomy I might have made a gay
Figure at Paris : But my new Paffion w°uld not
fuffer me to think fo clofe of my Finances,
which were now fo much diforder'd that I faw
no Remedy, except to return to my own Country ;
But I was fo uneafy to think of going away,
that I was very loth to fix on a day for my De
parture. Mean time my dear Miftrefs and her
Mother both prefs'd me with Tears in abundance
to undertake a Journey fo neceflary ; the one
wiftiing it for rriy own fake, and the other for
the fake of her Daughter ; for the good Mother
was as eager after Money, as the Daughter was
difinterefted. At length the melancholy Day
being come, I fet out from Paris without bidding
Farewel to any one Friend whatfoever except
Madame, and the Puke of Orleans, becaufe I
hop'd to be back again fpeedily. I left all my
Servants behind, except only one Domeftic who
was privy to all my Affairs.
The Day that I fet out I . arriv'd about five
o'clock in the Evening at Roye in Picardy,
Where I was told I could not proceed farther for

Paris. 215
for want of Poft-Horfes, the Duke of OJfuna
who was gone Ambaflador of Spain to the Trea
ty at Utrecht, having taken them all up. I re
folv'd therefore to go on v/ith thofe that brought
me to Roye. I halted at very fad Quarters, at a
place betwixt Roye and Peronne. The firft thing
I did was to go to Bed, and really need enough
I had of Reft ; for my Head was fo confus'd
with a thoufand different Thoughts, that I felt
my Brains work almoft as if I had been light
headed. But when I was in Bed 'twas much
worfe with me, I ftill indulg'd Melancholy.
One while I wanted to go back again to Paris,
whither my Love call'd me ftrongly. On the
other hand, I was fenfible of the fad Neceflity
of purfuing my Journey. In fhort, Swarms of
different Inclinations fucceeded each other ; but
at laft, after a long debate with my felf, I refolv'd
to return to Paris. The time when I made this
noble Refolution was about two o'clock in the
Morning. I got up that Moment, and call'd for
my Valet. As he lay in another part of the
Houfe which was feparate from my Apartment,
I thought 'twas better to go my felf and awake
him, than to lofe my time in calling for him. I
went out of my Chamber accordingly, but as ill
luck would have it, I had not obferv'd, or rather
the confufion I was in made me forget that my
Chamber-Door open'd into a Gallery that run
round the Houfe. This Gallery was fo lately
built that they had not time to put Rails to it,
fo that before I had gone two fteps I had the fi
neft tumble that ever I made in my Life. I
fell from the Gallery into the Yard, and by good
luck upon a heap of Dung, otherwife I might
have been wounded, if not kill'd ; fo that all the
barm I had was the furprize to find my felf
P 4 finking

216 Paris.
finking in a Matrafs as offenfive as 'tis poflible
to conceive. My greateft. perplexity was then to
contrive how to get out of it, and to find the
way back to my Chamber : But the Night was
fo dark, and I was fo little acquainted with the
Houfe where I lodg'd, that I defpair'd of getting
out without Help ; I began then to call out lufti-
ly for my Valet. But the Rafcal never heard me,
and indeed I was inform'd foon after, that he had
been drunk, fo that his Liquor had plung'd him
into a profound Sleep. Seeing that I had to do
with one that was as deaf as a Poft, I thought
fit to call out aloud for Mary, Catherine, Joan,
and other Names, hoping that there was fome
Servant-Maid in the Houfe, whom one at leaft
of thefe Names would fit : Nor was I deceiy'd,
for one of the Maids came to my Affiftance, but
the Wench taking me for a Spirit ran away in an
inftant, with a great Cry of J efu-Maria . I was
then terribly mortify 'd : At this rate I plainly
faw I fhould be forc'd to fpend the reft of the
Night in the Dunghill, and to wait with patience
till the whole Family was rifen. What made
me the more apprehenfive of the Confequences
of this Difafter was, that tho' we were got into
the Summer Seafon, yet the Nights were cold,
and I had nothing over my Shirt but a Taffeta
Night-Gown. I began again therefore to call and
baul fo loud, that at length fome of the Family
ran out to fee what was the matter ; but like the
Servant-Maid they all took me for a Ghoft come
to haunt the Houfe, and were afraid to come
near me, At length, all this Noife awak'd my
Valet, who ran out in his Shirt. He imagin'd
at firft that there had been a Defign to murder
me, but when I bid him put the Horfes in my
Chaife, he thought I was crazy ; and indeed, I
was

Paris. 217
was pretty far gone that way. I repeated my
Order to get my Chaife ready, that I might be
gone that inftant. My Valet, who had fearce
recover'd from the Surprize he was in at my giving
fuch an Order, faid, Alas, Sir, be eafy;' tis but two
o'clock in the Morning yet, at five you fhall be gone.
I told him, that he was a Fool, and that go I
would. But he, like other Skipkennels who are
apt to be faucy if their Mafters treat them with
any degree of Familiarity, refus'd point-blank
to obey me. He faid that I had no Confidera-
tion, that becaufe I could not deep my felf I
hinder'd others from fleeping ; that I roll'd along
the Day in an eafyChaife,whereas he rode generally
upon very forry Horfes ; that in fhort he wanted
Reft, and that he would not fet out till he had
two Hours more Sleep, and had a good Break
faft. I was like to have been in a Paffion, but
faw 'twas to no purpofe, and therefore we fplit
the Difference ; he compounded with me not to
go to Bed again, and I gave him leave to take
his Breakfaft. When he thought fit'to make an
end, I got into my Chaife, and order'd the
Poftillion to ftrike into the Road for Paris.
Then my Valet imagin'd indeed that I was crack-
brain'd ; he faid I was wrong, and that we muft
turn into the Road to the Netherlands. I or
der'd him to hold his tongue, and go on. The
poor Boy being confirm'd more and more in his
Notion that I was Kite-headed, was wonderful
uneafy, and at every Stage came with a forrowful
Countenance to the fide of my Chaife to know
how I did, and if I wanted any thing. At
length I arriv'd at Paris, where all that knew of
my Departure were flartled to fee me return'd fo
foon. I feign'd my felf very much out of order,
?md that I came back again for fear of a Fit of
Sicknefs,

2i8 Paris, Breda.
Sicknefs, in which cafe I chofe to be at Paris
rather than any where elfe. But no body would
believe me, for they thought that fome Lover
Affair at heart was the fole caufe of my returning
in fuch a hurry. I ftay'd three Days at Paris,
but did not go once to Verfailles for fear of M&-
dame, who was a Princefs that did not love fuch
Frolics, and I for my part did not love Repri-,
mands, and therefore I thought it bell to keep out
of her way. Mean time the very fame reafons
that determin'd me the firft time tq take a Joutr
ney to my own Country ftill fubfifted, and at
laft I quitted Paris in good earneft, tho* I was
refolv'd to be abfent as little a while as poffible.
I went the common Road to Bruffels, and
from thence through Breda and G or cum, to U-
trecht ; having a defire to fee in what ftate the
Congrefs was, which was then held at that
place. Breda, which is a Place of Strength, fituate
on the River of Mercke, is part of Dutch Bra
bant, and one of the moft confiderable Towns
in the Netherlands. This City and its Territory
has the Title of a Barony, and has had feveral
Mailers. The laft Owners of it were the Prin
ces of Naffau, who acquir'd it in 1 404, by Ea-
gelbert of Naffau's Marriage with Joan the only
Daughter of the Lord of Leek, who was So
vereign of Breda. Henry de Naffau founded the
Caftle in this Town, and the Tomb of Rene is
ftill to be feen in the Collegiate Church of St.Pe-
ter, which was founded about the Year 1303.
This City fuffer'd very much towards the latter
end of the fixteenth Century, during the Wars
for Religion. 'Twas at firft feiz'd by the Con
federates, who form'd the Republic of the U-
nited Provinces. The Prince of Parma took it
from

J3REDA. 21 9
from them the 1 8th of June 158 1 •, but Prince
Maurice of Orange made himfelf Mafter of it in
1590, byfrneans of a Boat laden withTurf, under
which he had caus'd about threefcore Soldiers to
be conceal'd, who made themfelyes Mafters of
the Caftle, and thereby gave the Prince an Op
portunity to take the T,own by Capitulation.
They tell a very remarkable Story of one of the
Soldiers that was hid in that Boat, viz. That
having a Neceflity of coughing, he defir'd one of
his Comrades to kill him outright, for fear that his,
impertinent Cough fhould difcover the Stratagem.
This Soldier richly defery'd to have his Name
tranfmitted to Poflerity •, for fure a Roman could
not have faid a more gallant Thing, and an In-
ftance of inferior Courage to this would perhaps
have been rewarded with a Statue, Some Years
after the Reduction of Breda, the great Spinola
General of the Spanifh Forces, befieg'd and took
it after a Siege, or rather Blockade of eleven
Months. 'Twas a fourth time befieg'd by Fre
deric-Henry Prince of Orange, who took it after
a Siege of four Months, and then it came into
the hands of the Dutch, who have remain'd Ma
fters of it ever fince, and have confiderably aug
mented its Fortifications ; and as the Place is fi-
tuate in very Marfhy Ground, they have erected
Sluices there, by means of which they can eafily
lay all the neighbouring Country under Water.
For the reft, this is not one of the beft built
Cities in the Netherlands, and were it not for its
Ramparts would be a very inconfiderable Place.
The King of Pruffia, by virtue of his Pretenfions
to the Succeffion of William III. King of Eng
land, adds to his Titles that of Baron of Breda.
Having

220 Utrecht.
Having pafs'd through Gorcum, which I
thought a Town of very little confequence, I
came to Utrecht*, which is one of the moft
noted Cities in the Netherlands, and gives Name
to one of the feven Provinces, wherof it is the
Capital, It was formerly a Bifhop's See, and the
Bifhops were Sovereigns of the Province, and
Princes of the Empire, The Dukes of Brabant
and Qleves, the Counts of Holland and Guelder^
land, and other Sovereigns to the number of
twenty-eight, were Feudataries to its Bifhop.
The Emperor Charlemain, that great Founder of
Bishopries, annex'd fo many Prerogatives to this
with a View of engaging the Bifhops to act with
Zeal for Converfion of the Pagans who poffefs'd
a Part of the Neighbouring Countries. Philip II.
erected this Bifhopric into an Archbifhopric in
favor of Schenck of Tautenbourg ; but he did not
enjoy the new Dignity long, for at the fame
time that this Country revolted from Spain, the
Proteflant Religion was introduc'd into it, and
the Archbifhop was expell'd. Henry of Bavaria
<was the laft Bifhop who was Sovereign of this
Country, but his Subjects rebell'd againft him and /
turn'd him out. This Bifhop implor'd the Pro
tection of Charles V to whom with the Confent
of his Clergy and States he transferr'd the Tem
poral Dominion of the Country in 1528, and
from thence he was tranflated to the Bifhopric of
Worms. The famous Union of the feven Pro
vinces, to which the Eftablifhment of the Re
public is owing, was concluded at Utrecht the
13th of January, igyg.
The City of Utrecht is famous alfo for the
Birth of Pope Adrian VI, in 1459. They fay
this Pontiff was of mean Extraction, and was
only
J Sec Vol. II. /. 367, &c.

Utrecht. 221
only oblig'd to his own Merit for his Advance
ment. The, Emperor Maximilian trailed him
with the Education of Charles his Grandfon.
He was afterwards fent to Spain with the Title
of Ambaflador to King Ferdinand, who gave him
the Bifhopric of Tortofa. Upon that Monarch's
Death he fhar'd the Regency of Spain with the
Cardinal Ximenes, and afterwards remained fole
Viceroy of that Kingdom. He was made a
Cardinal the firft of July isiy, by Pope Leo X.
and chofe Pope the ninth of January 1 522.
While I am thus making Digreflions in fpeak-
ing of the City of Utrecht, you will alfo permit
me to telf you that this City gave birth to the
famous Anna-Maria Schuurman, that learned La
dy who fpoke Latin, Greek, Hebrew, the Syriac,
Chaldee, Italian, Spanifh, and French Languages
as fluently as the Low Dutch, which was her
Mother-Tongue. She alfo knew how to paint
in Miniature, and to engrave both with the Grav
ing Tool and the Diamond upon Copper andGlafs.
Queen Chriftina of Sweden did her the fame Ho
nor, as Alexander formerly did to Diogenes, for fhe
went to pay her a Vifit, and was furpriz'd at the
Beauty of her Performances. This moft inge
nious Artift of her Sex died in 1678, at 71 Years
of Age.
Balderic of Cleves the fifteenth Bifhop of U-
trecht, caus'd this City to be encompafs'd with
Walls ; and Charles V. built its Caftle, which
has at prefent nine Baftions, two Half-moons, and
a Hornwork. They fay that the great Church
dedicated to St. Martin, was built in the Year
630 by King Dagobert ; and after it was de
ftroy'd, together with all the other Buildings
in the City by the Normans, Adelbolde the 19th
Bifhop caus'd it to be rebuilt and confecrated in
1024,

222! \j f R E C it f.
1024, in prefence of the Emperor Henry II. and
twelve Bifhops. It was ruin'd a fecond time,
but was magnificently rebuilt. There's a very-
fine Tower at the Entrance 388 Foot high, from
whence fifteen or fixteen Towns may be feen
diftinctly. There's a better Air at Utrecht than hi the o-
ther Towns of Holland, the Ground it ftands ort
being much higher, and by confequence not fo
marfhy; This Town, which is fitu^te upon Jthe
old Channel of the Rhine, is ineompafs'd with a
fine fruitful Plain* and has charming Walks in
the Neighbourhood* which are not inferior to
thofe at the Hague.
The French were at dne time Mafters of this
Place, but On the 13th of November 1673, it re-,
verted to its lawful Sovereigns; When I arriv'd
here I heard that the Peace was juft fign'd by the
Plenipotentiaries of France and Spain on the one
part, and by the Minifters of England, Portugal
Pruffia, Savoy and Holland^ on the other part*
The principal Conditions were, That Philip V.
fhould remain in poffeffion of the Crown of
Spain, on condition neverthelefs that he fhould
renounce the Succeffion to the Crown of France,
for himfelf and his Defcendants : That England
fhould have Gibraltar in Spain, and Port-MahoH
in the Mediterranean : That Dunkirk fhould be
demolifti'd : France, by the way* was very loth
to confent to the ruin of a Place which had al
ready coft her feveral Millions* and requir'd a
confiderable Expence moreover to demolifh. The
Elector of Brandenburg was recogniz'd King
of Pruffia, both by France and Spain, and had
even the Title of Majefty given him, which
France never us'd to allow to the Kings of Den
mark and Poland. To the King of Pruffia wasalfo

Utrecht. 223
alfo yielded what he before poffefs'd in Spanifh
Guelderland, as an Equivalent for the Principa
lity of Orange, which that Monarch yielded to
France. The Duke of Savoy was own'd King of
Sicily, and he obtain'd fome Places in the Mi-
lanefe. The King of Portugal remain'd peace
able Poffeffor of the Conquefts which he had
made during the War. The Dutch got leaft of
all by the Peace, and perhaps they repented that
they did not accept of the Terms offer'd them
at Gertruydenberg. As foon as I arriv'd at Utrecht, I did not fail
to make a Vifit to the Ambafladors of Pruffia,
who were the Count de Denhoff, the Count de
Metternich, and the Marfhal de Biberftein. They
receiv'd me with all the Civility poflible,and pre**
fented me to all the Foreign Minifters. I found
at this City the Countefs Dowager of Wartem
berg, who was lately come hither. The Count
her Hufband* who died at Francfort, defir'd
upon his Death-bed that his Corpfe might be.
carried to Berlin, which was perform'd with
a good deal of Pomp. They fay, that the late
King, who was very fond of him, as I have
already had the Honor to mention to you, wou'd
needs fee his Funeral Convoy ; and as it pafs'd
before the Windows of his Caftle he could not
refrain fhedding Tears. Perhaps he then repen
ted that he had difgrac'd that Minifter on fuch
flight Pretences ; and perhaps too, the melan
choly Spectacle put him in mind of that una
voidable Coaft, on which both the Majefty of
Kings, and the Magnificence of Courtiers, will
at laft be run afhore.
The Countefs of Wartemberg was more un
daunted. She was far from indulging any mor
tifying Reflection* but on the contrary, was
glad 5

224 Utrecht.
glad to find her felf in poffeffion of a very great
Eftate ; and gladder ftill to think that fhe was
uncontroulable. She left Francfort where fhe
had refided ever fince her Hufband's Difgrace ;
and thinking that too melancholy a Place to
fpend her Life in, fhe made choice of the City
of Utrecht, as the moft gay of any that fhe knew.
She foon had an Intrigue or two upon her
hands ; and when I arriv'd, I heard that the
Chevalier de B > ¦ ¦¦ was her Bofom Friend.
This Gentleman was newly fet out for Verfailles,
with a Commiffion to carry the News of the
Peace. I was not much concern'd whether I
made any Vifit to the Countefs ; for I obferv'd
that all of our Court who were then at Utrecht,
were fhy of her to fuch a degree, that I did not
care to be the only one that fhew'd any Regard
for her. But tho' I had refolv'd not to vifit
her, I happen'd to fall in her Way. This
Lady had brought a French Gentlewoman with
her, whom I knew very well at Berlin ; and as
fhe had Wit at will, I had a mind to renew
my Acquaintance with her, the rather becaufe
I had a Curiofity to know a little of the Countefs's
Hiftory. The firft time I paid her a Vifit fhe
made me an Offer to carry me to fee the Coun
tefs of Wartemberg, which I refus'd in fuch a
manner that fhe did not infill upon my going.
But fhe thought fit to tell the Countefs that I
was lately come to Utrecht ; that I had paid her
a Vifit ; and that fhe thought I perfectly re-
fembled the Chevalier de B  . There need
ed no other Motive to fet the Countefs agog to
fee me ; and fhe defir'd her Gentlewoman to
bring me to her. But notwithftanding all her
Perfuafion, I peremptorily refus'd it. At laft, as
I was making a Vifit one day to the Gentle
woman,

Utrecht. 225
woman, who fhould bounce into the Room where
I was, but the Countefs de Wartemberg. She
faid, that tho' I feorn'd her fo much as not to
make her a Vifit, fhe had refolv'd to come and
fee me. I was going to reply, but the Coun
tefs, without giving me time to fpeak, told me,
that fhe thought me alter'd much for the better;
that no two drops of Water were more like than
I, and the Chevalier de B  ; and that in
fhort we perfectly refembled each other even
in the Tone of our Voice : But by Madam de
Wartemberg's leave, there never were two Peo
ple more unlike. The Knight Commander was
a handfome well-fet Man, which you know,
Madame, is a Character I never had the Vanity
to affect ; and I thought every part of the Coun-
tefs*s Compliment fo extraordinary, that in truth,
a Scholar juft come from the College could not
have been more dafh'd than I was. I made an
Anfwer, 'tis true, but to tell you frankly, I knew
not what I faid. I gave her my Hand, and led
her to her own Apartment, where fhe ftill de-
fcanted upon the mighty Refemblance betwixt
the Chevalier and me. In fine* I think I may
venture to fay, without giving my felf an Air as
if I was the Darling of the Fair Sex, and without
patting in your Opinion for a Coxcomb, that
'twas my own fault I was not taken, in Body and
Soul, for the Chevalier ; but I was fo fortunate
as to be difintangled by a Valet de Chambre,who
came to acquaint her of the Arrival of M. Me-
nager the third Plenipotentiary of France at the
Congrefs, to whom I had Obligations for bring
ing me out of this Scrape. This kind of Vint
made me take proper Meafures to prevent any
more fuch, for the Jij^le^ time I hau to ftay m
this City.
Vol. III. Q_ From

226 Magdebourg.
From Utrecht I went to Wefel, and from thence
thro* Weftphalia to the Duchy of Magdeburg.
The City of this Name was formerly an Jvrch-
bilhopric, erected by the Emperor Otho the Great
in favor of the Vandals newly converted, but
by the Peace of Weftphalia the whole Country
was feculariz'd with the Title of a Duchy, in fa
vor of the Brandenburg Family, in Exchange for
that part of Pomerania which was yielded to the
Swedes. There are few Towns in Germany that
have fuffer'd fo many Revolutions as Magdebourg.
This City was put under the Ban of the Em
pire in 1553, by Charles V. for refufing Sub- .
miffion to his Orders, for it was then in open
Rebellion, fo that the Elector Maurice of Saxony
was fent to reduce it. The Siege lafted a whole
Year, the Elector not being very much in hafte
to pufh on the Conqueft. As this War was un
dertaken purely for the Deftruction of the Pro-
teftant Religion, which this City had embrac'd *.
the Elector, who was himfelf a Proteftant,
thought by fpinning out the Siege to regain the
good Opinion of thofe of his Religion, who were
uneafy to fee him fupport the Interefts of the
Emperor and the Catholics. The Elector how
ever made them eafy, by promifing the Pro
teftants of Magdebourg, that he would join them
in the War againft the Emperor, immediately
after the Surrender of the Place. Matters were
tranfacted on both fides with very great fince-
rity. The Place furrender'd, and the Elector
enter'd it not as a victorious Prince, but rather
as an Ally who brought Relief to it. He made
ufe of the Garifon to reinforce his Army, and
then declar'd War againft the Emperor, on pre
tence that the Religion and Liberty of Germany
were In danger. A

MAGDEfeOURG. 227
A Change of this nature was fo extraordinary,
that 'iljij^ Emperor could not expect it : For this
Prince'had himfelf promoted the Elector of Saxony
to the 'Dignity he poffefs'd, after having depriv'd
the unfortunate Frederic of his Dominions ; and
for fo confiderable a Prefent he might very well
hope the Elector Would have made him grateful
Returns. The Emperor therefore was fo far from
thinking himfelf oblig'd to be on his Guard for
fear of Surprife, that he imagin'd himfelf in a
State of perfect Security, when the Elector of
Saxony had like to have furpriz'd him at Infpruck
the Capital of Tirol. The Emperor knew no^
thing of the Plot, till he was on the point of
being made Prifoner ; and 'twas with much ado
that he efcap'd, for he was at that time ill of the
Gout, and oblig'd to leave both his Equipage
and Domeftics behind him. He would upon
this occafion have given the Prince John-Fre
deric his Liberty, but this Prince was loth to a*
bandon him in this Misfortune, and accompany'd
him into Carinthia, twenty-eight Leagues from
Infpruck, where the Emperor made his Re
treat. The City of Magdebourg was a very great Suf
ferer in the War, which is commonly call'd, The
War of thirty Tears, becaufe during that Term
Germany was ravag'd on all fides. Tilly the Em
peror's General befieg'd it in 1 63 1, when 'twas
taken by Storm, and all the Inhabitants put to
the Sword. A Fire alfo had a part in its De-
ftruction, and committed fuch Ravage that
Magdebourg, which was one of the fineft Cities
in Germany, was intirely reduc'd to Afhes. The
Burghers indeed had no body but themfelves to
blame for their Misfortune, for General Tilly
would not have treated them fo feverely if they
0^2 had

228 Magdebourg.
had not refus'd an advantagious Capitulation, of
which he made them an Offer fome days before
the Storm.
But fince this Town bas been in the hands of
the Brandenburg Family, the Electors have taken
care to fortify it fo well, that it would now be a
hard matter to take it. The late King caus'd a
Citadel to be built here, which is feparated from
the City by the Elbe. The prefent King has
added confiderable Works to it, which are re
markably fubftantial and magnificent. His Ma
jefty has alfo caus'd a very fine Arfenal to be
built in the Great Square, which tho' not very
large, is ftor'd with a confiderable number of
Cannon and other Arms. On the Right-hand
of this Square is the Great Church, formerly the
Cathedral, a Gothic Building, where meets the
Chapter which is ftill fubfifting, tho' Proteftant ;
and according to ancient Cuftom, none are ad
mitted into it but Men of Quality.
The Situation of Magdebourg is very fine,
having an Outlet on all fides to fpacious Plains,
that are very fruitful in Corn. The Elbe, which,
as I have faid, feparates the Citadel from the
Town, renders its Commerce alfo very eafy with
Hamburg, Saxony and Bohemia, for which reafon
feveral Merchants are fettled here who have
noble Houfes. And fince the King has tranf-
ferr'd the Regency of the Country hither from
Hall, the Town grows every day finer, fo that
it may now be reckon'd one of the moft beauti
ful Towns in the two Circles of Saxony.
From. Magdebourg in my Way to Berlin I
pafs'd thro' Brandenburg, which is a City on
the River Havel, that was built by M. Brandon,
a Prince of Franconia. 'Twas heretofore a Bi
fhopric, but now the whole Country is feculariz'd, and

Brandenburg, Berlin. 229
and makes a part of the Marquifate of Branden
burg. Here is a confiderable Trade, and the
King keeps a Garifon in it, confiding of a Batta
lion of the tall Grenadiers. You have fo often
feen the Regiment of which this Battalion is a
part, that 'tis needlefs to commend it to you far
ther than to obferve, that 'tis perhaps the fineft
Regiment in Europe.
I did not ftay at Brandenburg, becaufe I would
be the fooner at Berlin. On the day that I ar
rived there I was fo tir'd with having walk'd all
Day and Night, that I kept my Bed till the E-
vening, when I had the Honor to wait on the
Queen, the King having been gone a few days
before to Potzdam. Her Majefty kept her Cham
ber, and had not been out of it fince her laft
Lying-in, when fhe was deliver'd of the Princefs
Charlotta-Albertina, who died the Year following
on the 10th of June. I was fo coldly receiv'd byher
Majefty, that I had no reafon to hope for favor at
Court, or at leaft with herMajefty. But the Margra
vines receiv'd me with all the Civility poffible.
The Margravine- Dowager efpecially afliir'd me
that fhe would continue that Protection with
which fhe had always honor'd me.
As to the City of Berlin, it had not yet dry'd
¦up its Tears for the Lofs it had lately fuftain'd,
by the Death of Frederic. 'Tis true the King
his Son gave great hopes, but the thorough
Change he had made in his Court, caus'd the late
King to be lamented. The new Monarch thought
of nothing but keeping up a numerous Army,
and that he might do this without laying a Bur
den upon his Subjects, he difmifs'd all his Court,
and the intire Houfhold of the King his Father,
fo that there was nobody at Court but the Mi
nifters. Moft of the Perfons of Quality who
Q^ 3 ttved

230 Berlin, Hambourg.
lived heretofore at Berlin, were retir'd either to
their Eftates or their Governments, which made
the City a moft melancholy Place to ftay in, and
all thefe Alterations convinc'd me that there was
nothing for me to expect in this Country. I
therefore refolv'd to fettle all my Domeftic Af
fairs with the utmoft fpeed, defigning to return
forthwith to Paris. Before I went thither, I
made a Trip to Zell, in order to examine the
Accompts of a Perfon I had deputed as my At
torney to receive the Deeds of my Mother's E-
ftate. But to my forrow, my, Mother had by
her Will devis'd the greateft part of her Eftate
to the Children fhe had by her former Hufband,
fo that what I could lay claim to was far fhort
of what I promis'd my felf.
From Zell I went to Hambourg *, purely to
fee that City. I had travel'd thither once before,
but was then fo young that I was not in a Ca
pacity to take notice of any thing in this City
worthy of Remark. Hambourg, which is one of
the beft Towns in" Germany, is a part of Lower
Saxony, being fituate upon the Elbe a few Leagues
from the Mouth of that River, which is a great
Conveniency to its Trade. Before it was erected
into a Republic 'twas a part of Holftein, on the
Territory of which it was built ; and therefore
it had frequent Quarrels with the Dukes of Hol
ftein, and the Kings of Denmark, who are the
Sovereigns of Holftein. The latter, as well as
the Swedes, have attempted feveral times to make
themfelves Mafters of Hambourg, but have been
repuls'd as often as they came before it : For
this City is not eafy to be reduc'd, becaufe it has
noble Ramparts and very ftrong Out- works, and
it alfo takes care to be well provided with Artil lery,
* See Vol. 1. p.Si, &c, '

Hambourg, Altena, 231
lery, and a good Garrifon. Moreover, 'tis al
ways fure of the Protection of the Families of
Brandenburg and Brunfwic, it being fo advan-
tagioufly fituated, that 'tis the Intereft of both,
that no Power whatfoever fhould take it,
Hambourg is alfo very confiderable on account
of the Wealth of its Inhabitants, who are almoft
all Merchants, and much of the Temper of the
Dutch Merchants, very greedy of Gain and
thrifty. Their gresteft Delight is to have Gar
dens at the City-Gates, pretty much in the Tafte
of thofe of Holland. The Wives of the great
Merchants are as much confin'd at Hambourg, as
the Women of Quality are at Venice, but I ob
ferv'd they were only pent up from Foreigners.
A Man may pafs his time very well in this City,
where there are feveral Perfons of Quality to fee,
who make their Vifitors perfectly welcome. The
Walks in and about this City are charming, and
efpecially that on the Ramparts is a noble one,
there being a double Row of Trees which forms
an agreeable Covert, and from whence there's a
Profpect finely diverfify'd by noble Houfes,Gar-
dens, Woods, Meadows, 0c. in the midft of
which one fees the Rivers Elbe and After, which
both together yield a charming View. The Ri
ver of After comes into the Town and forms a
Bafin very like a great Pond, which has a fine
Kay on the fides of it planted with feveral Rows
of Lime-Trees, between which there's a very fine
Walk. Near Hambourg lies the Town of Altena *.
The King of Denmark gave it this Name to ban
ter the Deputies of Hambourg who made Re-
monftrances to him againft his building this
Town too near to theirs, and in their Difcourfe
0,4 to
* See Vol I. f57»fc*V.

232 Ax T E N 4.
fco the King about the Town faid feveral times,
Sie ift al te na, which in the Language of the
Country fignifies, it is too near^ The King tak
ing particular Notice of the Monofyllables al te
na, faid to the Deputies that he could not excufe
himfelf from carrying on the Town which he
was building, and that all he could do to oblige
them was to order it to be call'd by the l^ame
of Altena, which they themfelves had given it.
And indeed, a more fignificant Name could not
have been put upon this Town, for 'tis fituate
juft at the Gates of Hambourg, and is a part of
Danifh Holftein. It was formerly a priviledg'-d
Place for Bankrupts, and for all that had com
mitted any Crime in Hambourg. But the pre
fent King of Denmark, rather than . this Town
fhould continue airy longer in the Enjoyment of
a Privilege which fill'd it with Knaves and Va
gabonds, delivers up Malefactor? to the Ma-
giftrates of Hambourg whenever they reclaim
them. Altena is remarkable for the Multiplicity of
Religions which are there publickly exercis'd.
I believe, that excepting Amfterdam, there is not
a Town in Europe where there are fo many Sects ;
but few of 'em are allow'd a Church. TheNeigh-
bourhood of this Town to Hambourg, and its Si
tuation moreover upon the Elbe, does great Pre
judice to that City. 'Tis now feveral years fince
Altena was burnt by the Swedes, under the Com
mand of the Count de Steinbock ; when they fearce
allow'd Time to the Inhabitants to make their
Efcape ; fo that they had the Grief to be Eye-
Witneffes of the burning of their Houfes and
Goods, and feveral Old Men, and a number of In
fants perifti'd in the Flames. I found Altena in
that forrowful State when I firft went thither ;
but

AlX-LA-CH APELLE. 233
but upon a Review of it fince, I fee that 'tis re
built in fuch a manner, that 'tis now a finer and
more fiourifhing Town than ever. After four
or five days Stay at Hambourg I fet out, and ne
ver did any body go off at a more proper Time;
for in a few days after it, the Plague difcover'd
it felf in the City ; upon which it was fhut up,
and its Communication forbid with any other
Place. I return'd thro' Zell, where I made no manner
of ftay ,to Aix-la-Ch apelle*, an Imperial City,
on the Confines of the Duchies of Juliers and
Limbourg. 'Tis encompafs'd with Mountains,
which form fo pleafant a Vale, that Charlemain
chofe rather to refide at Aix-la-Chapelle, than in
either of the many beautiful Cities which he con-
quer'd. This Emperor caus'd a Collegiate
Church to be built here, in which his Tomb is
ftill to be feen ; and the Memory of that Prince
is to this day held in great Veneration. On
the Feftival of St. Charles, there's a folemn Pro-
ceflion here, in which the Effigies of that Mo
narch is carried with an Equipage which excites
Laughter rather than Devotion. The Preacher's
Pulpit in this fame Collegiate Church is inrich'd
with Plates of Gold ; and they fay that the
Branch which hangs down before the High Al
tar is of the fame Metal 'Tis in this Church
that many Emperors have been confecrated ;
and feveral of the Imperial Ornaments are ftill
kept there. The Emperor is born Canon of the
Church of Aix, and takes the Oath as fuch on
the Day of his Coronation.
CertainReliques are preferv'd at Aix-la-Chapelle,
which are fhew'd but once in feven years ; and
then
* See Vol, II. p. 327.

234 AiX-LA-Ch APELLE.
then they are expos'd to View from the top of a
Tower in the City, during which the People
gaze at them on their Knees, in the Squares and
Streets leading to the faid Tower. This Cere
mony was perform'd when I was at.^//>in 17 13,
at which time there was a Concourfe to it of
an incredible number of Pilgrims from Hungary,
Tirol, and all the Provinces of Germany. Per
fons of fuperior Rank are ailow'd the Liberty of
going up to the top of the Tower where thofe
Reliques are expos'd, and may look near to them,
but muft by no means touch them. Of all that
I faw, I only remember a Smock, which they
affirm was the Virgin's : There were fome fpots
onit, which they faid were the Stains of the Milk
with which fhe fockled the Savior of the World.
This Shift feem'd to be quite feamlefs, and made
of a fort of Stuff which I know not how to
defcribeto you, for it was neither of Linnen
nor Callico.
The City of Aix is very famous for its hot
Baths, and for the Waters that are taken there
twice a year, viz. in Spring and Autumn ; at
which two Seafons there's a great Refort hither
of Foreigners. The Waters are hot, and of a
very unpleafant Tafte, and they fmell like a
rotten Egg ; for which reafon People are loth
to take them when they firft come ; but after
they are us'd to it, they go down very well. The
Baths efpecially are wonderfully good againft the
Contraction of the Sinews and againft Wounds.
Nor is there a Place where the Waters are us'd
with more Conveniency, there being plenty of
every thing that one wou'd wifh for, and efpe
cially good Company ; for Brabant, Liege,
Franee^ Holland and Germany, lie fo near to it,
that

Paris. 235
that there's always a great many People here,
and very good Diverfion.
I fet out from Aix for Paris, by the way
of MaeftricH and Louvain ; but as I travell'd
Poft thro' thefe Towns, I fhall referve the De
fcription of them to you, till fuch time as I make
a longer ftay in them. On my Arrival at Paris
I was deeper in Love than ever. I was receiv'd
by my dear Miftrefs with fuch Tokens of Love,
as gave me all the reafon in the world to think,
that I was the happieft Man living : And in
reality I was fo, becaufe at that time I knew of
no other Happinefs than to be in her good Graces 5
yet my natural Levity made me foon think
otherwife. I faw the Marchionefs de P  ;
and I will frankly own to you, that all the Ve
neration I had for S  abated. I thought
then there was nothing to compare with the
new Object of my Paffion. S  quickly per
ceiv'd my Inconflancy, and reproach'd me for
it ; but they were Reproaches unmix'd with
Gall, and fuch as nothing but Love can infpire.-'
The confequence was, that my Paffion for her
reviv'd ; and upon this occafion I was made fen
fible, that a Flame not well extinguifh'd is al
ways apt to burft out again ; and that there
needs no great Compulfion to renew the Paffion
of Love. The Sentiments of the Man of Ho
nor being join'd to thofe of the Lover, I afk'd
my own Confidence what S—— had ever done
to difguft me. And in fine, I gave Judgment
againft my felf, that I could not without In
gratitude forfake fo amiable a Miftrefs. I took
care, therefore, to abfent my felf by degrees
from the Marchionefs de P  -, and found it
no very hard matter to ftifle a Paffion, which,
to fpeak plainly, w^s but a fudden Flafh, While

236 Paris.
While I ftaid at the Court of France, I faw
the Ceremony of the double Marriage of the
Duke of Bourbon and the Prince of Conti, who
married each other's Sifter. The Duke married
Mary-Anne of ' Bourbon-Conti, Sifter to the Prince
of Conti, who married Louifa-Elizabeth of Bour-
bon-Conde, the Duke's Sifter.
Thefe Marriages made no addition to the
Pleafures of the Court, and every thing remain
ed very quiet, till News came of the Advantages
which the Marfhal de Villars had gain'd over
the Allies. This Campaign was both glorious
and advantageous to the Marfhal; and every body
talk'd of the immenfe Sums of Money which he had
put into his Pocket. His Conduct was narrow
ly pry'd into, and his Enemies charg'd that to
him as a Crime, for which, perhaps, they would
have commended any other General. They faid
that he brought with him feveral Waggons laden
with Bandoliers for Safeguards ; and that he got
fo much Money by this means, that at his Re
turn he laid out 1,800,000 Livres in a Purchafe.
Nay, they had the Affurance to fpeak of it to
the King, who faid to the Marfhal one day at
Dinner, That he heard he had bought a fine
Eftate. 'Tis true, Sir, reply 'd the Marfhal, i"
have juft purchas'd a very pretty Eftate ; and if
I have the Honor to command your Army next
year, I hope to buy a more confiderable one and
make your Enemies pay for it. This Anfwer quite
broke the Meafures of thofe who had endea-
vour'd to do the Marfhal ill Offices. He knew
very well that he had Enemies, but it gave
him little Concern ; for he was in high Favor,
and he deferv'd it. They fay that when he
fet out to make the Campaign in 1 7 1 3, he faid
to the King at taking leave of him, / deftre your

Paris. 237
your Majefty to remember, that while I am going
to fight your Enemies, I leave your Majefty in
the midft of mine. He acquitted himfelf very
bravely ; and at length, by the Reduction of
Landau and Fribourg, he procur'd that Peace,
by which the Electors of Cologne _and Bavaria
were reftor'd to their Dominions.
After I had been fome Months at Paris I re
ceiv'd Letters from Berlin, with Advice, that
the King had Thoughts of forming his Houf
hold ; and that I could not do better than to
go and offer him my Service. I was not long
in demurring upon what Courfe to take. I
had always been bred up in Sentiments which
convinc'd me, that to ferve one's Sovereign
was preferable to any other Service ; and be
fides, I always found my felf naturally at-
tach'd to the Family of our Kings. I there
fore refolv'd to leave Paris once more. You
know my Humor fo well, Madame, that you
cannot think but it was with fome Reluctance
that I form'd a Refolution of this nature ;
and I will frankly own to you, that I was
heartily grieved to leave a Place where I had
my fill of Pleafures, which I knew I could
not have a Tafte of elfewhere : but at length
I gave Attention only to my Duty ; and tho'
the Tears which I faw fhed for my fake mel
ted my Heart, yet they were not powerful e-
nough to make me alter my Defign.
From Paris to Wefel, I went the fame Road
that I came ; and from Wefel I proceeded to
Hanover, where I fell fick. My Defign was
to be incog, but the ill State of my Health
oblig'd me to have recourfe toaPhyfician ; nay,
I thought one while, that all the Remedies in
the World would do me no good ; and that
'twas

238

Ha n o v e r.

'twas high Time for me to prepare in good ear-
neft for my laft long Journey. My Kinf*
woman Mademoifelle de Pollnitz was foort
inform'd of my Arrival ; and as foon acquain
ted the Electorefs of it, who was fo gra
cious as to fend to know how I did ; and this
fhe repeated twice every day as long as I was
ill. This Princefs always had a Kindnefs for
me, which I fhall for ever acknowledge. I was
told, that during my Illnefs, F — thinking to
divert the Company at my Expence, faid at
the Elector's Table, That my Diftemper was not
mortal ; that I had caught it in France ; and
that there were Surgeons at Hanover who had -
Skill enough to fet me to rights. The Electorefs
was very angry with him, and faid, Sir, your
Banter is abfurd ; if he had the Diftemper that
you fay, he would have (laid in France for the
Cure, fince he is not ignorant, that the People of
this Country go thither for the fame Purpofe ; and
he has too much Senfe not to follow their Ex
ample. As foon as I was able to get abroad, I did not
fail to wait on the Electorefs with my moft
humble Thanks. That Princefs gave me a
much better Reception than I durft prefume
to have expected. The Kindnefs which fhe
fhow'd to me, induc'd Mademoifelle de Pollnitz
and Madame de K  to think, that I might
eafily obtain Admiflion into her Service if I
would but afk her ; and accordingly thofe La
dies prevail'd on me to take that Step, tho' I
very much queftion'd my Succefs ; and I found
by Experience that my Sufpicion was but too
well grounded. I made my Application to the
Princefs by Letter ; in which, perhaps, I acted
indifereetly, becaufe I thereby gave her Leifure to

Hanover. 239
to take the Opinion of other People. Accord
ingly fhe did fo ; and to my misfortune applied
to Madame de B — who could not endure me;
becaufe, as I heard afterwards, Madame of
France had acquainted the Electorefs, that I told
her the Electoral Prince had a particular Re-
fpect for her Ladyfhip, This was enough to
exafperate a Perfon againft me, who made out
ward Profeffion of the moft rigid Virtue ; and
when the Electorefs confulted her about me, fhe
was tranfported to think what an infallible Op
portunity fhe had to be reveng'd. She artfully
infinuated to the Electorefs, that fhe ought not to
admit me into her Service, and did not want
Reafons to back her Insinuations ; the Defire
of Revenge being what always fupplies fpecious
Arguments in abundance to hurt an Enemy.
The Electorefs fo well approv'd of thofe foe
made ufe of to exclude me from her Service,
that fhe order'd M. de P  to tell me, That
fhe was very much oblig'd to me for the Attachment
which I manifefted. for her Perfon ; but that fhe
could not imagine, that after Ihadferv'd a King,
I fhould like to wait upon fo old a Princefs as
fhe was : That 'twould be more fuitable for me to
be in the Service of her Son ; and that floe fhould
take a Pleafure to help me to it : But that as for
her felf [he muft ftay till fhe was Queen of England
before fhe could admit me into her Service ; becaufe,
if that fiould happen, foe fhould then be in a better
Capacity tq make my Fortune. You perceive,
Madame, this was a Refufal that I could not well
complain of, 'twas fo feafon'd with everything to
take off the Bitternefs of it. For my part, I
own to you that I felt none. As I had only taken
this Step in pure Complaifance to Mademoifelle
de Pdllnitz, fhe was ftung to the quick at this
Denial,

±%o Berlin.
Denial ; not fo much for my fake (I knew very
well what the matter was) but for her own i
whofe Vanky was very much mortify'd by it 5
for fhe thought her felf in Favor, and faw 'twas
a Favor without any Credit : And her Refent-
ment proceeded fo far, that foe hindred me
from taking Leave of the Electorefs* who in a
few days after fet out for Gohr with the Prince
her Son. For my part I alfo fet out from Ha
nover for Berlin.
When I came thither I found the King^s
Houfhold Officers already nominated, yet this
did not hinder me from afking his Majefty for
Employment. The Perfon who fpoke for me
was M. de Printz the Grand Marfhal, who
brought me News of a Refufal qf a very different
fort from what I found at Hanover. In the lat
ter, I had no reafon to complain of the Elec^
torefs, who with all the Politenefs poffible refus'd
me a Favor, which when all is faid and done, I
fhould not have valued, if I had not afk'd for it.
But now I had a very cruel Repulfe, by being
deny'd the only thing for which I had underta
ken the Journey to Berlin. The Behaviour of
the Court to me in this Inftance concern'd me
not a little. I had never done any thing to fe-
clude me from an Eftablifhment in my own
Country. My Anceftors had ferv'd in it, and
bore fuch a diftinguifh'd Rank in it too, that I
might very well think fome Notice would have
been taken of me. Moreover, I had the Honour
of being Gentleman of the Bed-chamber to the
late King, but now had the Mortification of fee
ing Perfons prefer'd before me who had never
been feen at Court, and fuch too for moft part
as are of very obfcure Birth. Finding therefore
I had no hopes of fucceeding at Court, I faw that I

Warsaw. 241
I muft go feek my Fortune elfewhere, and I
thought of entring into the Service of the King
of Poland. There was not a fitter Man upon
earth to ferve me with that Prince than his
Prime Minifter the Count de Flemming, who
happen'd to be then at Berlin upon his Mailer's
Affairs. I got my Friends to fpeak to the Count,
and attended him conftantly. That Minifter
feem*d inclinable to ferve me, and promis'd to
fpeak for me to the King his Mafter.
He fet out for Warsaw the latter end of No
vember, and thither I follow'd him ; upon which
he introduc'd me to the King* and to all the
Court-Nobility. I cou'd not have fet out bet
ter than I did at the Court of Poland. I was
patronis'd by the Man who mov'd in the higheft
Sphere there, next to the King himfelf ; and
for that Reafon every body ftrove to fhew me
Refpect. The Count de Flemming feem'd to be
pleas'd at the Regard that was paid to me ;
at leaft, I was fo fhort-fighted as not to per
ceive that it was to him a matter of very great
Indifference. I was excufable in not fufpecting
him of double dealing With me *¦ for hitherto I
had no other Reafon but to applaud his Gene
rofity, and that Good-will which he had ex-
prefs'd to do me Service. Endeavors were not
wanting to undeceive me* and I foort after faW
with my own Eyes, that the fair Promifes he
made to me were nothing more nor lefs, than
what they call Court-Holy-Water.
Not long after my Arrival at Wdrfaw, the
King of Poland fet out for Germany. I thought
my felf bound in Intereft to wait for his Return*.
in order to treat about my Affairs ; and I fpent
this time at Warfaw in the moft agreeable man
ner that could be. I was foon known by all
Vol. III. R the

242 Wars a W/
the Polifh Nobility, who were as civrf to me as
could be imagin'd. Everything I beheld made
me .fancy I was at Paris, there being every
where the fame Pohtenefs, and a certain eafy
Deportment which the French think none are
Mafters of but themfelves. The Polifh Ladies
are very amiable,, witty, and have a good deSl
of, Sprightlinefs. With thefe Qualities, "one
would naturally imagine they are not indifferent
to Pleafures ; and I obferv'd that they have a
delicate and very exquifite Tafte- for every
thing that paffes under the Name of Diversions.
They are paflionately fond of Mufic, and ftill
more of Plays. And at Warfaw they have aS
much of both as they defire ; for the King, who
is a Prince as gallant as he is magnificent, takes
care that every thing be done at Court, in a
manner worthy of a great Prince. He maintains
a Set of French Comedians there ; and moreover,
frequently gives Balls and Concerts. Thefe Di-
verfions are generally attended with noble Feafts
that the King makes for the Ladies of his
Court ; at which times, that Prince is always
admir'd for his good Mien, and for that Grace-
fulnefs which fets off all his Actions.
The Polifh Lords are hot near fo gay- as the
Ladies; or, at leaft, they don't come up. to
them for Elegance and Contrivance. Their
Domeflics and Equipage are generally flovenly*
their Tables are indeed ferv*d with Profofiortj
but without Delicacy, which I take to be in-
tirely owing to the want of good Officers or
fkilful Cooks ; for in other refpects, Poland is- a
Country, where there is as good Cheer as any in
the World. Their Butcher's Meat is delicious,
and they have plenty of good Fifh. Wine is
not the Produce of the Country, but the want ©f

W A R S A Wj B R £\S L A U. 243
Of it is not perceiv'd. at the Tables of the Poiifh
Nobility, where the Wine of Hungary ^ tho' very
dear, is drank as common as Water. I obfer-
ved one thing at the Generality of their Tables,
that does npt tally with the Grandeur which .
they, pretend to, viz. That .the Mafter of the
Houfe and his, intimate Friends drink the beft
Wine* while the other Guefts that are invited,
are oblig'd to\ put up with the common fort.
'Tis to be obferv'd, that tho' Poland abounds
wjth all. Neeeffaries for Life, yet 'tis a Coun
try very inconvenient for Travellers, efpecially
thofe who are -not in a Capacity to carry every
thing along : with them. I. have not feen a Plaice
where there is fo little Accommodation' at the
Public -Houfes* there being hardly a Chair in
them to fit down upon. Therefore the Travel
lers of any, Fafoion take care to carry all Neeef
faries with them. The Duke of fork, . Bifhop
of Ofnabruck, faid a very pertinent thing upon
this occafion, viz. That he did not know a Country
where Travellers were more at home than in Po
land, becaufe they were ahoays making ufe of their
&wn Furniture.
I heard that the. King was fhortly to go for
Drefden, and therefore I fet out thither immedi
ately with the Count de Hoim,a Minifter of State
to his Polifh Majefty, In my Way to Drefden
I faw no Place of Note but Breflau and Leipfic.
Breslau, the Capital of Silejia, is a pretty large
and very beautiful City, which in the Winter-
Seafon is inhabited by a great Number of No
bility. The Count de Flemming flopping there
a couple of days, I halted there too. I few very
good Company here, efpecially at the Houfes
of the Count de Maltzam, and the Princefs of
Tefchen, who was formerly the Princefs Lubo-
R 2 ¥rjhu

244 B R E S L A U, D R E S D E N.
mirfki. This Lady made a grand Figure, gave
People a hearty Reception, and treated with
Magnificence. I could have wifh'd to have ftaid
at Breftau a few days longer ; but as the Count-
de Flemming, by whofe Patronage I hop*d ftill
to get fome Eftablifhment at Court, was going
to the King in Saxony, I went with him to the
Fair at Leipfic, where the King and Queen were
already arriv'd. As the King had been abfent-
a good while, the Princes of the Blood, and a
great number of Perfons of Quality, came hi
ther to pay their Refpects to him ; and after the
Fair was ended, his Majefty return'd to Dref
den, where he had not been long arriv'd, but
he married the Count de Saxony (his natural Son
by the Countefs of Koningfmarck) to Mademoi
felle deLoven, who Was a young Gentlewoman
of a good Family, and one of the richeft in Si
lejia. The Ceremony of this Marriage was per
form'd in prefence of the whole Court ; and
for feveral days the King gavfe Feafts anfwerable
to his good Fancy and Magnificence. His Ma
jefty is very fond of this Count of Saxony, who
is one of the moft amiable Gentlemen that I
have feen ; and befides, he very much refembles
the King of Poland, which, to be fure, makes
that Monarch the more in love with him.
Dresden * was then the Centre of the Plea
fures of Germany, and the Plays, &? c. exhibited
here, made me almoft think I was at Paris. I
will not trouble you with all the Particulars' of
the feveral fptendid Entertainments that were
made in the Carnival Time, there having been
enough written on that Subject already by other
Pens, I fhall have the Honof, therefore, to fay
nothing
•Sec Vol. I. p.$7, !S7,£sV.

Dresden. 245
nothing more of it to you, than that every Spec
tator was more charm'd with the King's affable
Behavior, than they were with the Beauty of the
Reprefentations, and the Splendor of the Feafts.
I fhould, no doubt, have had a better Relifh.
for all thefe Pleafures, if I could have lik'd the
Situation of my Affairs. I had all along con-
ceiv'd Hopes of entring intotheServiceofP0/<z»^,
and plac'd a. very great Dependence on the Pro
mifes made by the Count de Flemming ; but when
I came to Drefden, I found the Face of Affairs
quite chang'd. I put him in remembrance of
his Promife ; but he anfwer'd me in fuch a
droll manner, as convinc'd me that I ought not
to expect any great Matter from him. Flow-
ever, that I might have nothing to reproach
my felf with, I ftill continu'd to give him Marks
of a very great Attachment to his Perfon. Yet
I met with feveral Rebuffs, which did not dif-
courage me ; and which I had, the more Reafon
to bear with Patience, becaufe I knew that he
treated his moft trufty Confidents in the
fame manner. At laft, not caring, perhaps, to
do any thing of himfelf, he fent me to M. de
Lowendahl the Grand Marfhal, and the latter re-
ferr'd me to M. de pitzthum the King's Favo^
rite. I was charm'd with this Gentleman's Po-
litenefs and good Manners ; and I don't think
there ever was a Favorite more obliging, and
that took lefs upon him. Far from amufing me,
he convinc'd me of the Impoffibility there was
of my obtaining any Place at Court, unlefs the
King thro' his fpecial Grace fhould be inclin'd to
prefer me ; which could not be done neither,
without difobliging feveral of the Polifh Noble
men, who likewife follicited Places at Court, and
feem'd to have a fort of Right to them by vir-
R 3 tue

Dresden.
tue of their Birth. I did not yet quite defpair of
Succefs ; and. as- this was a Favor that could only
be granted by means of the Count de Flemming>
I had recourfe again to that Minifter * but I was
never the nearer. To be fore., I took a wrong
time to fpeak to him about my Bufinefs, when
perhaps he had other Affairs of greater Confe
quence that might ingrofs his Thoughts. In; a
Word, he rebuff ?d me to fuch a degree, as Was
fufficient to make me quite renounce my Preten
fions. I took leave of the King and Queen, and
prepaid to go for Berlin.
\ But before I fet out, an Adventure happen'd,
which, together with my Vexation that I had
not fucceeded in my Defigns, made .me hate fp
ftay any longer at Drefden, as much as I was in
love with _ the Place when firft I came to it. At
Leipfic Fair J had drawn a Bill, of 300 Crowns,
payable to the Bearer. The Perfon for whom I
drew the Bill had given a Commiffion to a Mer
chant at Drefden to receive that Sum. The
JBill did not come to the Merchants Hands,
rill "the very Day of my Departure ; and as the
T'erm was expir'd, he fent to my Quarters for
the Money. I was not at home that Minute \
and fhe Man hearing that I was to fet out the
fame^ Day, made ufe of a Cuftom introduc'd and
conftantly. obferv'd in Saxony ; which is, to ar-
reft-the Perfon that fails to anfwer a Bill of Ex
change upon the Day appointed ; fo that juft as
I was going into my Chaife I was made a Prifo
ner. It happen'd to be about ten o'clock at
Night. By Misfortune I had loft a great deal
at Play this Carnival ; and not having fp, much
Money by me, I jhad recourfe to the Count de
Hemming, who lent it .to me. This" was the
only time that I canLbe.fure that Nobleman did
me

B E R L I Na 247
me any Service, I repaid him foon after my
Arrival at Berlin.
Without making a long ftay at Berlin, I went
ind, pafs'd a few days at an Eftate which I have,
two Leagues out of that City ; but the Uneafinefs
that haunted me every where, made me refolve
to return to France, having ftill in View the get
ting fome, Eftablifhment at Berlin or elfewhere.
While I was preparing every thing for my Jour
ney, I had the Misfortune to break my Left
Leg by a Fall from my Horfe. This Accident,
after the various Difgraces and Difappointments
I had already fuffer'd, Does it not, Madame,
give you the Idea of another Oreftes, purfu'd by
Deftiny from one Country to another ? I could
expect nothing more after this, than to fall into
the Hands of fome Quack of a Bone-fetter, who,
after putting me to Torture, would, perhaps,
leave me a Cripple for all the reft of my Life.
To tell you the plain Truth, I had fome Appre-
henfion of it ; for a Man of my Kidney could
not but be afraid of every thing in fuch a Cafe.
However, whether it was owing to Hap- hazard,
or to the Skill of the Surgeon, after fuffering very
great Torment, I was perfectly cur'd ; and in
fuch a manner, that I never felt any thing of it
afterward. The ninth Day after my Fall I went
to Berlin. As my Indifpofition was fuch, that
I could" travel neither in a Chaife nor Coach, I
hir'd Porters to carry me ; fo that my Entry
was more than ordinary comic. This new E-
quipage furpriz'd all that faw it, the Children ef
pecially, who not being us'd to fee fuch Carri
ages, follow'd me from the Out- parts of the
City to my Lodgings ; and as the Numbers
fwell'd by the Way, the Train confifted of at
leaft 200 Followers, by that time I came home.
R4 I

248 B E R L I N, H A MB 0 U R G,
I w#s very fenfible, at my Arrival, that I had '
ds^ie . wrong to be carried abroad fo foon ; for a
Fever took me, and not long after an Impoft-
hurae gather'd,, that bred the Diftemper which
they call in Frdnce 'the King's Evil.' A frefh
Reafon this for my Complaint of the Severity of'
my Deftiny ; for in -reality I fuffePd fuch Pains i
for above twenty Days, as are impoffible for me
to exprefs. As foon as I was in a Condition to go abroad,
I waited on the Queen, who had juft receiv'd'
Tydings, that the Elector of Hanover, her Far
ther, was then call'd over by the Englifh, to
fucceed the deceas'd Queen Anne. . No doubt,
Madame, you remember the Joy there was at
Court upon this News. The King made an
Offer to the new Monarch of any Affiftance
that he might have occafion for, to fupport him "
on the Throne. Some days after the Arrival
of this great News, I took leave of the Queen,
and fet out for Hambourg.
I was very well receiv'd in this City by L — •,
who was at that time Envoy from Pruffia to
the Circle of Lower Saxony. I knew him at a
time when Fortune, as it were, frown'd upon
him ; but now it might be faid, that fhe had
loaded him with her Favors. He was glad to
fee me, and that he had an Opportunity of
fhewing me in what Grandure he liv'd. Since
he had married a Woman, who was, indeed,
very old, but very rich, he had been fo wife as
to make an Acquaintance with fuch as were cap
able of ferving him ; and whether 'twas owing
to Money, or to mere Favor, he was quickly
made a Minifter of State ; and in a little time
after receiv'd the Key as one of the King's Cham
berlains. I was very well pleas'd to fee him in
fo

HAMBOIJ RG. 249
fo fplendid s. Situation ; but«ould not help takr
ing pity, on him for being yok'd to a Wife fo
difagreeable. She was a Perfon, who with the
Qbftinacy and Ill-nature of Old Age, had all the
Mettle of Youth, befides her being a perfect
Original both in her Apparel, and in the Furni
ture of her Houfe. Her Hufband could ne
ver prevail upon her to drefs as became a Per
fon of her Rank, nor to alter any thing in her
Furniture, tho' ever fo unpolitt*. I had the
Pleafure one day that I was invited thither tq.
Supper, of examining the Infide of the Houfe
at my Leifure. The Apartment where wefupp'd
was furnifh'd in a very whimfical Manner. The
firft Room was lin'd with black Leather gilt,
and round it were plac'd Chairs of green Taffety,
adorn'd with Furbelows of a Rofe Color, The
fecond Chamber was hung with green Tapeftry.
The Chairs were of black Velvet, lac'd with
Gold, and the Room was full of Cryftal Scon
ces. At one End of it there was an Alcove
hung with white Leather gilded, and in the
Middle of the Alcove there was a Bed of a very
extraordinary Fafhion, which had no Curtains,
but had. four Pillars to fupport the Tefter, and
a Wooden Cornifh at the top gilded ; and the
Whole was cover'd with Mother of Pearl and
Tortoife-fhell. The Bed had a Counterpane on
it of black Velvet and Gold Lace. In the four
Corners of the Alcove were four Statues of white
Marble, each holding a Wax-Candle. There
were other Wax-Candles upon gilded Sconces,
and a very fine Branch. The Whole, I affure
you, look'd much more like a Room for lying
in State, than a Chamber for Entertainment.
We fet down, however, to Table ; but this
amiable Lady refus'd tq be of the Company, and
chofe

SJO H A M B OUR G.
chofe to flay behind a Door, which was in the"
Alcove, from whence; fhe refolv'd to be aSpecta-
trefs of the Entertainment through the Chinks.
We were all heartily at Supper, and in very little
Pain for the Abfence of our Landlady,[when on a
fudden there came from the Alcove a very ugly Fi
gure, drefs'd all in white. I was the firft that pep-
ceiv'dit v and really, if I had given ever fo little
Credit to the haunting of Houfes by Spirits, I
fhould have thought I then few one. The
Whole perfectly refembled that Scene of the
Knight in the Feftin de Pierre, excepting ne
verthelefs that we were not honor'd with the
leaft Obeifance. I heard fwearing and feolding
at the Domeftics, which made me fufpect that
it might be the Miftrefs of the Houfe. Nor was
I miftaken, we were obliged for this Appari
tion to a Wax-Candle that drop'd upon a Vel
vet Chair, which fhe perceiv'd from the Place
where fhe was conceal'd, and ftay'd fome time,
thinking that one or other of the Domeftics
would have remedied this Evil ; but K at laft fee
ing that no body minded it, fhe refolv'd to come
Out her felf to the Relief of the Chair. This
Apparition was the Caufe of a great Hurly-bur
ly ; the Lackeys excus'd themfelves, becaufe they
were employ'd in waiting ; and there were
long and warm Difputes on both fides, betwixt
the Miftrefs and the Servants, during which,
theGuefts, who rofe in RefpecV to the Lady,
were all the while Handing. The Hufband en-
deavoPd to pacify his dear Spoufe, and Jnade
her fenfible of the Situation in which foe kept
us ; upon which, without making the leaft Compli
ment, fhe fate down at the Table, and I thought
the Rage of the Storm was over j but far from
it, fhe was no fooner feated than fhe began a-
gainto rave with more Fury than before. A
Lackey,

Hanover, 25*
Lackey, to whom, it feems, all this Bawling wa$
more diftafteful than it was to us, thought fit
to tell her very bluntly, That fhe made a great
Noife for nothing. Then the Lady was quite
outragious, and went to give the Lackey a Blow
with all the Weight of her Arm ; but the Droll
cunningly parry'd it, by receiving the Stroke
tipon % Plate he had in his Hand j which, as he
manag'd it, ferv'd him for a Shield. TheGentle-
woman gave herfelf fuch a terrible Blow, that
for one while fhe could not fpeak \ and when
foe came to -her felf, fhe made a worfe Racket
than before. At length, the Lackey was turn'd
out of the Room ; and at that very inftant,
luckily for us, the Pain which the Lady felt for
the Blow, increased to foch a degree, that fhe
was forc?d to retire. She was no fooner gone
but we all burft out in a Laugh. The Hufband
himfelf was ready to fplit his Sides, and defir'd
the Company to be under no manner of Re-
ftraint, but to talk as gayly of this Adventure
as we ple^'d. Indeed we were heartily merry
at the Expence of the Old Lady ; but yet we
were the greateft Lofers by it in the end ; for
While we thought her a good way out of Hear
ing, fhe thought fit to ftay at the Door to liften
to what we faid, which not being to her liking,
fhe took an immediate Revenge, for fhe depriv'd
us of the Deffert, and the poor Hufband had
not Intereft enough to get another,
I was fo gorg?d at this charming Repaft, that
for fear of a fecond Invitation I fet out next Day
for Hanover, where I arriv'd the very Day
before the new King fet out for England. The
Electorefs, his Mother, to whom the Crown
firft belong'd of Right, died fuddenly, as fhe
was walking in Herrenbaufen Garden, not long
before

252 Hanover.
before, Queen Anne died. The Elector her Son
was recogniz'd King by the Englifh, as the next
Proteftant Heir ; for if the Catholics could have
had any Right to the Crown, this Elector would
have been but the 23d or 24th in the direct
Line. The Nobleman who acquainted the E-
lector of his Advancement to the Crown was
my Lord Clarendon, Envoy from the Queen of
England at the Court of Hanover. Perhaps it
was with fome Regret that he executed this Com
miffion, being related to the Stuart Family;
and as it was generally thought, not very
much inclin'd to the Family which now governs
England. Be this as it will, he difeharg*d the
Commiffion with a good Grace- My Lord re
ceiv'd the News that the Englifh had proclaim'd
the Elector for their King, one Evening as he
had been at Supper with that Prince at a Houfe
call'd The Whim, belonging to Madame de K — ,
now my Lady L-  . As his Lordfoip came
home he found a Courier juft arriv'd with the
privy Council's Orders to him, to recognize the
Elector for King of England. He immediately
got into his Coach, and went to Herrenhaufen,
where he found the Elector a-bed. His Lord-
fhip thinking 'twas worth while to awake the
Elector, for the fake of telling him the News
that fo great a Diadem was fallen to him, en
ter'd his Bed-Chamber, and kneeling on the
Floor, was the firft that recogniz'd the Elector
for King. This Prince immediately fummon'd
his Council. Many People were pleas'd to fey,
that the Elector hefitated for a good while, whe
ther or no he fhould accept of the Auguft Dig
nity that was offer'd to him ; but for my part, I
fancy, that the Voyage to England was more
the Subject of the Council's Deliberation, than the

H A N O V E R. 253
theQueftion, whether its Crown fhould be ac
cepted. After the Council was over, the new King
was complimented upon his Acceffion to the
Throne ; and that very Inftant he gave Orders
to get every thing ready for his Departure*
which wasfix'd for the 1 ith of September. The
Time between the Elector's afluming the Royal
Stile and his Departure, was fpent in fending
and receiving Couriers to and from the princi
pal Courts of Europe. All the Nobility and
Gentry, Subjects to the new Monarch, flock'd
from all Parts to fee him before he went away.
This Prince was fo well belov'd, that his Subjects
were very forry that he was going to leave them ;
but for his part, tho' his People were not a little
dear to him, he preferv'd that Tranquillity of
Mind, and that Difcretion, which govern'd all
his Actions ; and he feem'd no more , concern'd
at parting with them, than he was elated with
his new Dignity : but it was otherwife with the^
Prince his Son, who was fo imprefs'd with the
Fortune added to his Family, that I heard him
fey to an Englifh Gentleman, the Day before he
went, That he had not one Drop of Blood in his
Veins but what was Englifh, and at the Service
of his new Subjects.
On the nth of September, early in the Morn
ing, the King and the Prince of Wales fet out
from Herrenhaufen, amidft the Acclamations of
the Court and the People, with which the Road
was lin'd. They wifh'd his Majefty all manner
of Happinefs, and accompanied him with their
good Wifhes a good diftance from Herrenhau
fen, before they took Leave of his Majefty.
The laft Farewels were attended with fo many-
Tears, that the King could not help being a
little

f 54 M A N O V E R* i
jsttle mov'd ; and he affur'd them, TlrSi it
fhould not be long before he would make a Tour ta
Hanover. The King's Retinue was not very numerous %'-
for he only took with him foch Perfons as were
abfolutely heceflary for his Service';1 and of thefe
too, he fent foifte back, when he Went on board
fhe Yatcht that came for him to. Holland* to
carry him over to England \ The Princefs-of Wales
follow'd the King fome time after* with the
Princefles her Daughters ; but Prince Frederic
her Son remain'd at Hanover for his Educa
tion. When the King came to London, he found Sub-
|ects asmuehattach'dto hisPerfon*asthofehehad
left at Hanover ; and not long after his Arrival
he was, according to Cuflom, crown'd at Weft-'
minfter. There was fo great a Concourfe of Peo
ple at the Ceremony, that it feem'd as if all
the Nation had flock'd thither to receive their
new Sovereign. I was told there was only
one Perfon, and that was a Woman, who re
fus'd to own him for King ; and that this hap
pened upon the very Day of the Coronation*
when a Champion, arm'd from Head to Foot*
entring into the ^anquettmg-Hall* and accord*
ing to Cuflom challenging any Perfon whatfo-
ever, who did not acknowledge the Elector of
ifanover as lawful King of England, that Lady
threxsf down her Glovei and with a very ill*
tim'd Effrontery made Anfwer aloud, That
James the Third vifds the* only lawful' Heir of the
Crown, and that the EleSlor of Hanover was an
Ufurper. . Not many, days" after the King of England's
Departure^ I fet -out from Hanover for Aix-la-
Chapelle, where F made ufe of die Baths, as my
; Phyficians

Mastricht. 255
Phyficians had order'd me, tO-ftrengthen -my
Legy, Jtrom. Aix I proceeded in the Paris Road
to Mastricht *, which is a ftrong Place be
longing to Dutch Brabant, tho' fituate in the
middle of the Country of Liege, on which it was
for a long time dependent It was alfo fobject to
the Spaniards till 163,3, when it was taken by
the Dutch, who were acknowledg'd lawful Pof-
feflbrs thereof by the Peace of Munfter, and
were thereupon at great Expence to fortify it, fo
that it wasreckon'd one of the ftrongeft Places in
Europe, when Lewis XIV. took it in 1673, in
1 3 Days time. The King himfelf then comman
ded his Army ; and he had with him Mon
sieur his Brother. Three Years after this, the
Allies befieg'd it alfo,. but their Arms being not
fo fuccefsful as thofe of France, they were forc'd
to abandon their Enterprise. At laft, by the
Peace of Nimeguen it was reftor'd to the Dutch,
who keep a ftrong Garrifon in k.
Maftricht is very well built, in a flat Country,
furrounded with Hills. The Maefe runs thro'
the City, over which there is a very high Stone
Bridge. They fay that the late Count d'Auver-
querque, who died Velt-Marfhal of the Dutch,
out of pure Gallantry, to convince a Lady how
much he lov'd her, leap'd his Horfe off the
Bridge into the Maefe. This young Lady fo
much belovM was Mademoifelle de Feltbruck.
As foe was pafling over the Bridge, Cpunt
d'Auverquerque, who rode by the fide of her
Coach, entertain'd her very much about his
Paffion
* See Vol. II. p. $19, 329. The dangerous Adventure
of the Marlhal £ Auwrqutrque, for Mademoifelle de Felt-
brtici, is related there with Circumftances that are different
from She Account giren ef it by the Author, in this and the
following Page,

256 L O U V A I N.
Paffion for het ; but Mifs fo little heeded What
he faid, that fhe fearce vouchfef'd to lend him
an Ear. At length being fatigu'd with hearing
the fame String always harp'd upon, fhe told
him, that Lovers were never fparing of their
Promifes ; but when any Teftimonials were de
manded of their Love, they then difcover'd
how little it was to be depended on. For in-
ftance, Sir, feid foe, / would venture a good
Wager now, that if I were to afk you to leap
from this Bridge into the River, you would not do
it. The furious Lover made no other Anfwer
to this Defiance* but clapping Spurs to his Horfe,
leap'd him off of the Bridge into the Maefe. The
young Lady thought her generous Lover would
moft certainly be drown'd; but luckily for him
he kept his Seat, and his Horfe, which was as
mettlefome as the beft, had Strength enough
after fuch a Leap, to fwim with his Rider to an
Ifland, whither a Boat was fent to fetch him.
After fuch a Trial as this* the young Lady
might boaft, either that foe was lov'd to Diftrac-
tion, or that fhe had a diftracted Lover.
From Maftricht I went to Louvain *, which
is furnamedthe Wife, probably by reafon of its
Univerfity, which was founded in 1426, by
John IV, Duke of Brabant, and has been in its
time one of the moft celebrated tJniverfities in
Europe ; but it has not that Reputation now.
And as to the City, 'tis much more famous for
its Antiquity, than upon any other account; for
they fey it was founded by Julius defar. 'Tis
indeed, at prefent, a very large City, but ill
built. The only remarkable Edifices that I
faw there, are the Collegiate Church dedicated
to St. Peter, and the Church of the Jefuits.
Louvain
* See Vol. II. p. 319.

Ghent. 257
Louvain is not a Place of great Trade as yet, but
a very fine Caufey which is made from thence
to Bfuffels, and another to Tongres, which is to
be carried on to Liege, will very much increafe
Its Commerce, efpecially with the Auftrian Mo
therlands. I went from Louvain to Bruffels, and from
thence to Ghent *, which is the Capital of
Spanifh Flanders, and one of the biggeft Cities
in Eurdpe. It ftands four Leagues from the
Sea, is watePd with three Rivers, the Scheld,
the Lys, and the Life, and adorn'd with fine
Squares and noble Buildings. The great Clock
is worth feeing j it weighs 1 1 ooo Pounds, and
is erected upon a Dragon, which Count Baldwin
brought from Conftantinople. A Canal has been
dug from this City to the Sea, which is of very
great Service to its Trade,
'Twas at Ghent that Charles V. was born,
who granted this City extraordinary Privileges ;
yet the Inhabitants were fo ungrateful' as to re
bel againft this Emperor, who refolv'd to pu-
nifh them for it; and that he might go the
nearer way to work with 'em, ventur'd upon
the Parole of Francis I. to pafs thro' France, in
order to come at them. He chaftis'd thofe Re
bels with fuch Severity, that they had no reafon
to boaft that this Emperor was their Country
man. He caus'd twenty-five of their principal
Citizens to be executed by the common Hang
man, banifo'd a greater number of them, con-
fifcated their Eftates, and took away all their
Privileges. In fine, Ghent which was one of
the moft confiderable Cities in Europe, foon be
came a Defert ; and Charles V. to leave a Mo-
Vol. III. S nument
•See Vol. II. f3I0> 3'7-

258 Ghent, Lisle.
numsrtt of his Wrath to Pofterity, caus'd a For-
trefs to be built, which is ftill the Citadel of this
Place, and is of great Confequence to the Empe
ror, when he happens to be at War with France ;
for when the French are Mafters of Ghent, the
Navigation of the Scheld is interrupted ; and in
cafe of a War, 'tis better to fee them Mafters of
Bruffels than of Ghent : For I remember, that in
1708, while the Allies befieg'd Lifte, the French
being then Mafters of Ghent, incommoded their
Army very much. This City is finely recover'd
fmceCharles the Vth's Time. The States of Flan
ders have their Affemblies here, and the Em
peror commonly fignifies his Will and Pleafure
to them, by the Governor-General of the Ne
therlands refiding at Bruffels.
From Ghent I went thro' Courtray and Menin
to Lisle *, which is the Capital of French Flan
ders, and one of the beft and moft beautiful
Towns of that Government. It belong'd for
merly to the King of Spain, till 1667, when
Lewis XIV. took it in Perfon. The Garifon
then confuting of but 6000 Men, was not ftrong
enough to check the Progrefs of the French
Arms, fo that after nine Days open Trenches
the Place was taken. Lifte was left in the Pof
feffion of France by the Treaty of Aix-la-Cha
pelle, in 1,668 ; but in 1708, the Allies after a
tedious and toilfome Siege, made themfelves
Mafters of it. At laft, however, this City re
verted to France by the Treaty of Utrecht. The
Inhabitants were fo overjoy'd at their not being
left in fubjection to the Dutch, which they
were afraid of, that on the Day the Place wa»
evacuated, they made Bonfires in all parts of
tho
* See Vol. II. /. 296, j 1 5.

Lisle, Paris. 259
the Town; and not without Caufe, for after
they fell under the Dominipn ofthe Dutch, their
Trade flood ftill, thofe new Guefts chufing ra
ther to fend for what they wanted from Holland,
than to make ufe of the Manufactures of this City.
But with the French the Cafe was otherwife, for
they bought their Neceffaries in the City, and
liv'd with the Inhabitants on perfect good
Terms. Lewis XIV. made Lifte one ofthe fineft Places
in Europe. Its Streets are magnificent, and par
ticularly the Street Royale, built in the Reign
of that Monarch. 'Tis very ftrait, and adorn'd
. on both fides with very fine Houfes built alike.
In this City refides the Governor of Flanders.
The Marfhal de Boufflers was fucceeded in this
Government by the Duke his Son. When I
was here, the Prince de Tingry, Governor of
Valenciennes, officiated in this Government for
the faid Duke, who was then under Age.
I was fo impatient to be at Paris, that I
made no ftay in any Place upon the Road, till I
arriv'd there, I alighted at a Bagnio, and the
firft Sally I made abroad was to pay my Devoirs
to Mademoifelle de S  . Abfence had not
damp'd my Flame, and I was only glad to fee
Paris again, in hopes of finding out her whom
I ador'd. But how was I furpriz'd when the
Mother of that lovely Damfel came to welcome
me with a Flood of Tears, and told me, that
I muft think no more of her Daughter, for
that fhe died about a Month ago in the Province
of Perigord, whither foe went to accompany a
Lady of her Acquaintance ! I was fo thundier*
ftruck at this News, that I was not able to
fpeak. I fainted away, was carried back to my
Lodgings, and was that Moment let blodd ;
S 2 b$

260 Paris.
but 'twas fome time after it before I came to my
felf, and then I did nothing but give my felf up
to Sorrow. Mine was no longer an inward
Grief, but vented it felf in fuch continual Ex
clamations interrupted with Sighs, that every
one who faw me believ'd I was going the way
of all Flefo ; or that, at leaft, I fhould be out
cf my Senfes : And truly they were not much
miftaken, for I was fo in a great meafure. In
this unhappy Situation did I remain five whole
Days, at the end of which the Mother of S — -
came to make me a Vifit ; and at her entring
into my Room, fhe told me, that her Daughter
was not dead ; and that foe had juft receiv'd a
Letter from her, by which fhe acquainted her,
that fhe fhould foon be at Paris, This fort of
Refurrection was as reviving News to me, as
the former was mortifying. I felt a furprizing
Revolution in my Spirits ; and am of Opinion,
that if 'tis poffible to die with an Excefs Of Joy
or of Grief, I had fhare enough of both thofe
Paflions within a fhort Space of Time not to
furvive them. But I was referv'd by Fate for
other Adventures.
In Fact, I was hardly recover'd from the fe
veral Shocks which I had lately undergone,
but was forc'd to bear the Brunt of another.
The Occafion of this was, meeting at the Houfe
of a Lady of my Acquaintance with a Friend of
S  -, whofe Name was Madame de R  -}
and who had been married for fome time, by the
Advice of her Parents, to a Man far advanc'd
in Years. The young Lady hated her Hufband
more heartily than is common for Girls of fix
teen that marry to Men of above fixty. I had
feen her formerly, but foe was then fo young,
that I did not much mind her: And happy would

Paris. 261
wou'd it have been for me, if I had always view'd
her with the fame Indifference ! But when I c.ime
to fee her after her Marriage, her Beauty, her fine
Prefence and her noble Deportment made a very
fenfible Impreflion on me. I was pitch'd upon
to play at Cards with her and another Lady,
and all the time fhe did nothing but rally me up
on my Amour with S  , and hinted feveral
times to me, that the Lady was not deferving
ofthe Heart I had fet upon her. As I could
not guefs to what all this Difcourfe tended, when
the Game was over I went with the Lady to a
diftant Window, and there begged her for God's
fake to explain her felf. She flood out a long
while, on pretence that fhe fhou'd be oblig'd to
tell me what would only makemeuneafy: But alj
thefe Delays rendering me ftill the more impa
tient to know what it could be, I prefs'd her to
fuch a degree that at laft fhe confented to let
me into the Secret. Tou won't take a Denial, I fee,
faid fhe: Well then, if you muft know, you fhall.
But you muft thank your felf for it, if I tell you
what will heartily vex you ; for I know your Tem
per, and to what a Degree you are fmitten. Tou
think, continu'd fhe, that S-i  is in the Coun
try, but you are miftaken ; for fhe is at Paris,
and has never been out of it all the time. She is
as much in love with the Marquis de V  , as
he is with her. She keeps no Company now but
him. Two Months ago foe remov'd from her Houfe
in the Suburb of St. Antoine, where floe then liv'd,
becaufe floe heard you was coming to Town. The
truth is, foe did not care youftoould reproach her
to her Face ¦, and being in Hopes that you might
forget her, fhe fent to let you know, that ftoe was
dead ; but hearing that you was fo inconfolably me
lancholy, it mov'd her to pity you, and fhe has now
S3 ' fent

262 Par is.
fent' you word that fhe is ftill living. Indeed it
won't be long before you fee her ; but it will only
be to receive your Difmiffton, and to give you to
underftand from her own Lips, that fhe prefers
V — 's Addreffes to yours. I have hear d all this from.
one of my Waiting-Women, whofe Sifter is a Ser-.
<vant to Madame S— — . For as to my part, fince
I am married to M. R  , 'tis not convenient for
me to keep her Company. Tou will do well f$
renounce her, and need not fear but you may find
better than her. As fhe exprefs'd thefe Words'
her Eyes darted in my Face, and at the feme
Inftant fhe blufh'd. I was going to make her
an Anfwer, but foe left me abruptly, and all the
reft of the Evening made it herBufinefs to avoid
me. I thought, however, to have an Oppor
tunity of fpeaking to her when fhe was going
out ; but fhe went away witfr another Lady, fo
that 'twas impoffible for me to fey a Word to
her. I return'd home miferably difturb'd in my
Mind. Hatred, Love, Revenge, Contempt ;
in fhort, all the Paflions of a Lover, flighted on
the one hand, and flatter'd on the other, play'd
• their part to rack my Brain. Guefs, Madame,
in what a Condition I- was, when I had fuch vi
olent Attacks to ftruegle with. In fine, Con
tempt triumph'd over the Paffion I had conceiv'd
for S—--. The charming Eyes of Madame de
R — made me forget the falfe-hearted Creature
on whom I had doated. But in thefequel I was
quickly convinc'd that I was no fooner cur'd of
one foolifh Amour, but I was plung'd into ano
ther of the fame Nature. The laft Words of
R-— feem'd to be very engaging; I explain'd
them in my own favor, and thought fincerely
thai fhe had taken a Fancy to me. I flatter'd
my

Paris. 263
rny felf again and again with thefe agreeable No
tions, and found an infinite Pleafure in making my
own Chain. Neverthelefs you will foon fee that I
was bubbled as much in this Amour as I was in
the former. Madame de R  was one of
the fineft Women, and without difpute one of
the greateft Coquettes in Paris ; being whimfi-
cal withal, and more felf-conceited than Women
of that Call generally are ; fhe did not under
ftand what it was to fettle her Heart upon any
Man, and yet expected to be doated on herfelf.
I pufh'd head-long into this new Engagement,
and thought my felf at one time the happieft
Man in the World. My Friends too were as
much deceiv'd as I was, and thought me for a
long while the only Favorite. Iwilltellye hereaf
ter what became of this Amour, and fhall for
the prefent break off the Detail of thefe ridicu
lous Amufements, to tell you how it far'd with
me in the Affair which moft demanded my Ap
plication. Soon after my Return to Paris, I went to
Verfailles, where I had the Honor to pay my
Duty to the King and the Princes. Madame
receiv'd me fo kindly that I thought my felf
fure of her Protection, and therefore acquainted
her of my Intention to beg an Employment of
his Majefty, and defir'd her that foe would be fo
good as to recommend me. Madame promis'd me
that foe would, and was true to her Word ; for
fhe not only fpoke her felf, but alfo made the
Duke of Orleans fpeak for me to M..Voifin, who
was at that time Chancellor and Secretary of
War. This Gentleman promis'd their Royal
Highneffes that he would think of a Place for
me ; but when I waited upon him, with one of
Madame's Officers, who, by her Order intro-
S 4 duc'd

264

Paris.

duc'd me, that Minifter receiv'd me with a
Countenance as crabbed as ever I faw. His Head
wasinvelop'd in a monftrous large Peruke, that
hinder'd both his Sight and Hearing, which at
other times were natural enough to him. How
ever, in Refpect to Madame he heard me, and
then feid, that the King had already made one
confiderable Reduction in his Troops, and was
going to make another ; and that therefore he
did not fee what Hopes I could have of being
employ'd. I was very much diflatisfied with
this Anfwer, which was fo different from the
Promife he had made to Madame and the Duke
of Orleans. I made a Report to their Royal
Highneffes of what the Minifter faid to me;
upon which the Duke of Orleans told me, This
fignifies nothing, I will fpeak to him again, and 1
hope you will find your Account in it. He fpoke
accordingly, but Voifin did nothing the more nor
the lefs for it. However, as I had a grateful
Heart for the Advances which Madame and the
Duke her Son had been fo good as to make in
my favor, I continu'd to pay my Duty to them ;
and they both gave me Demonftration that they
were not infenfible of my conftant Attendance.
I was almoft every Night at the Duke of Or
leans's Couchee. His Court was then but fmall,
and excepting his Domeftics I was fometimes
all alone with him. I was the more amaz'd at
the Carriage of the Courtiers to this Prince, be
caufe 'twas natural to think that the Government
of the Kingdom would foon fall into his hands.
The Duke of Berry was juft dead. The King
Was too old to expect he could live much longer,
and the Dauphin too young to take the Ma
nagement of Affairs upon him for a good while.
Jn foort, every thing promis'd this Prince the
Regency

Paris. 265
Regency of the Kingdom infallibly, yet fearce
any body regarded him as the riling Sun. The
Courtiers Refpect for the King made them all
ftick to his Majefty, and a Reign fo glorious and
fo long, feem'd to them as if it was never to
have End.
I ftay'd at Paris the reft of the year 17 14,
and fome Months of the year 1 7 1 5. This Winter
there was one of the nobleft Sights in Paris that
could be, viz. The Entry of thePerfianAmhaf-'
fador, and efpecially the Audience he had of his
Majefty fome days after it. But the Ambaflador
did not contribute fo much to the Luftre of this
Shew, as to give us any great Idea of the Perfian
Magnificence ; and indeed, in my whole Life I
never faw any thing fo pitiful ; for all his E-
quipage being out of Order, his Domeftics hav
ing fearce Cloaths to their Backs, and almoft all
of them ill-looking Fellows, formed a very me
lancholy Scene. Befides, the Prefents he brought
were really not worthy of the Prince that fent
them, or of him that receiv'd . them. Before
this Ambaflador made his Entry, he lodg'd at
Charenton, to which Place every body went to
flare at him as a Prodigy. The Torrent carried
me thither among thereft, and a numerous Com
pany there was of us. The Interpreter told us,
before we went in, that a Compliment muft be
made to the Ambaflador, and we drew Cuts to
determine who fhould be the Speaker. The
Lot fell upon me. I made but a very foort
Speech to him, wherein after having congratu
lated him upon his Arrival, I told him, that
I hop'd his Stay in Europe, and efpecially in
France, would not be difagreeable to him. He
thank'd me by his Interpreter, and bid him tell
me, that as he was come to fee the greateft King in

266
in the World, next to the Sophy his Mafter, -
he foouldbe always fatisfy'd, happen what would
to him, when once he had appeared before his
Majefty. He made us fit down, and we afk'd
him feveral Queftions concerning his Voyage,
the Court of Perfia, and the Sophy j but he told
us, that he had never been at Ifpahan, and ne
ver feen the Sophy, During this Converfation
he gave us Coffee and Sweet-meats, and was
mighty civil to us.
But upon all Occafions when his Charactef
was to be fopported, he was not near fo tractable i-
for he then took upon him too much State, "fo
that when the Marfoal de Matignon, who was to
come from the King to carry him to the Ambafe
fadors Houfe, was to enter his Chamber, he
pretended that he was not oblig'd to Hand up.
TheBaron de Breteuil,the\ntrodu&.or ofthe Am
baffadors, reprefented to him that he could do
no lefs than pay that Deference to M. de Matig
non who came from the King; but he might as
well have reafon'd with a Poft ; and all that he
could get from him, was a Promife, that when
the Marfhal enter'd his Chamber he wou'd that
Moment rife and go out all at once. There
was another Scene to manage when he came
down Stairs. They propos'd to him to ride in
the King's Coach ; but he faid, he would do no
fuch thing ; that it was a Cage ; and that he
would make his Entry on horfe-back. The
Baron de Breteuil, therefore, in order to make
him get into the Coach, was under a Neceflity
of talking fmartly to him ; and even to threaten
him, that he fhould make no Entry, nor have
any Audience, if he did not fobject himfelf to
the Cuftoms eftablifti'd in France. At length
the Ambaflador capitulated, they fplit the Diffe rence,

Pa r i s. 267
rence, and he confented to ride one half of the
way in the Coach, and the other on horfe
back. I never faw fuch a Multitude of People
as I did at this Entry ; the Concourfe was really
aftonifhing ; for from the firft Bar in the Suburb
of St. Antoine to the Ambaffadors Houfe, there
were Scaffolds all along on both fides ofthe way,
full of People. The fame Croud of Spectators
follow'd him for feveral days, fo that when he
went abroad, either to the Bagnio, or to take
the Air, he could fearce go along, there were
fuch Throngs of People to gaze at him.
The Audience which the King gave him was
a very magnificent Scene. Lewis XIV. appear'd
at it in all the Majefty of a great King -, and be
the Audiences of the Great Mogul, defcrib'd to
us by Tavernier, ever fo brilliant, I can fearce
think they are to compare with the Ceremony
I am now fpeaking of, and whereof I was an
Eye-witnefs, which was perform'd in the Great
Gallery at Verfailles. The King's Throne, which
was at one end, and rais'd very high, was of a
Gold Ground, with Flowers and the Arms of
France embroider'd on it. The King was drefs'd
in aSuiftof Coffee-color'd Velvet, adorn'd with
Jewels, to the Value of feveral Millions. The
young Dauphin was at his Majefty's Right Hand
in a Robe of Gold Brocade, adorn'd with Dia
monds and Pearls. The Duke of Orleans was
on his Left, drefs'd in a Suit of blue Velvet, a-
dorn'd with a Gold Spanifh Point, feeded with
very beautiful Diamonds and Pearls. The Prin
ces of the Blood, the legitimated Princes, the
Prince of Dombes and the Count d'Eu, both Sons
to the Duke of Maine, fat in the feme Row, on
the Right and Left of the King, all obferving the
Rank due to their Birth. All along the Galle ry

268 Paris.
ry'on the right Side of the Throne, there were
feveral Rows of Steps, on which flood the Ladies
richly drefs'd. The Duchefs of Berry and Ma
dame were next to the Throne, and next to
them ftood the Electoral Prince of Saxony, who
was then at the Court of France with the Title
of the Count of Lufatia. That Side of the
Gallery which fronts the Garden was taken up
by Noblemen richly apparell'd, and the Space
which ferv'd for the Paflage, from the Entrance
of the Gallery to the Throne, was cover'd with
a magnificent Tapeftry, as were the reft of the
Apartments from the Stair- Cafe of Marble tq
the Gallery. In the Courts below, the Regi
ments of the French and Swifs Guards, newly
cloath'd, were rang'd in Order of Battle : And
the Life-Guards, the Mufketeers, and all the
King's Houfhold Troops were alfo drawn up
in the fame Order. But the Splendor of the
Soldiery was very much leffen'd by a great
Quantity of Rain which pour'd down almoft all
day long.
The Ambaflador with all his Attendance
pafs'd thro' all thofe Troops to the Gallery ; and
when he was advanc'd near to the Throne, he
there deliver'd his Credentials to M. deTorcy,
Minifter and Secretary of State, by whom they
were given to the Interpreter, who read them.
Fie afterwards gave his Majefty the Prefents that
the Sophy fent him, which were fo inconfider
able, that at firft fight one could hardly imagine
they were fent from one of the moft power
ful Monarchs of Afia. The Whole confifted of
Turquoife Stones, a Scymitar garnifo'd with pre
cious Stones, a Box of Balm to which he af-
cribed wonderful Virtues, and fome other things
of no great Value. After the Audience was: o-
ver,

Paris. 269
ver, the Ambaflador was regal'd, and then re
conducted to the Houfe of the Ambaffadors,
where he was defray'd at the Expence of the
Court, all the time that he ftaid at Paris. He
was futnifo'd at firft with the King's Horfes for
himfelf and his Retinue ; but as his Stay was long,
and as befides he fpoil'd all the King's Horfes,
he was accommodated afterwards with Horfes
that were hir'd.
Some time after this Audience, the Ambafla-r
dor went to the Opera, where the Benches in
the Amphitheatre were taken away, to make it
more commodious to hold him and his Retinue.
Tho' there was an incredible number of People
of the firft Quality, he feem'd to be under no
manner of Conftraint, and fmoak'd his Pipe
there a good while, with as much Freedom, as
if he had been in his Chamber. The Eager-
nefs of the People to run after him was foon a-
bated ; they began in a foort time after his Ar
rival, to be indifferent whether they faw him or
not ; and at length, they were fo weary of him,
that every body wifh'd publickly that he was
gone. I have had the Honor to acquaint you, that the
Electoral Prince of Saxony was at the Perfian*s Au
dience. This Prince had been for fome time in
France ; and tho' he was incog, by the Name or
Title ofthe Count of Lufatia, he had the Retinue
of a King's Son. The Count de Cofte, who died
Bifhop of Warmia, was his Governor, and the
Baron de Hagen his Sub-Governor. He had alfo
feveral Gentlemen with him, befides Pages, and
a number of Officers. His Equipage was mag
nificent, and his Table as elegant as could be
defir'd. He was prefented to the King by Ma
dame,

27© P ARIS.
dame, who gave him out to be a German Gentle
man of a good Family.
This Prince gave a fumptuous Ball at the
Hotel de Soiffons, in the Apartment where Du-
mont the Envoy of Holftein liv'd. There was
an amazing Croud of Mafqueraders, and among
the reft your humble Servant, who had good
Diverfion there with a Lady who trufted me
with a Secret, by miftake, for another Perfon,
As fhe is a Lady of fome Diftinction, you'll ex
cufe me from telling her Name. All that I
fhall do my felf the Honor to acquaint you of
at prefent is, that fhe was a Duchefs who was
/ond of R to Diffraction ; but he had a-
bandon'd her for Mademoifelle de S — -. The
Duchefs faw him enter the Ball- Room with V — ,
who was formerly a Confident of their Amours,
and an intimate Friend of R-— . The Duchefs,
as difguis'dasfhewas, was prefently known by her
faithlefs Lover ; fo that when fhe went to lay hold
of him, he flily ftole away with his Friend, and
fecreted himfelf in the Croud. Being afraid of
Reproaches from the Duchefs, he thought fit al
fo to change his Domino. V- — likewife ex-
chang'd his for mine. R — fhew'd me the
Place where he had feen the Duchefs, and de
fir'd me to pafs by her, but not to fpeak to her, in
cafe that fhe offer'd to talk with me. I promis'd
everything he afk'd, yet was refolv'd to have a
Parley with her, if I found a. proper Opportuni
ty, which foon prefented. You muft know,
that I fo much refembled M. de V- — in Staturej
that the Duchefs readily took me for him, and
beckoning me afide, at the Inftant that fhe was
in high Wrath with R  , for refufing to fpeak
to her, fhe made a general Confeflion to me of
all her Intrigue. While fhe was going on thus,
without

Paris. 271
without ReferVe, to make a Variety of Confef-
flons to me, of which I thought foe might re
pent when fhe knew that foe had been fpeaking
to the wrong Perfon ; I interrupted her by fay
ing, She- was miftaken in her Man, and that I
was notV  . She reply'd haftily, What need all
thefe Grimaces? Hear me out to the End of my Tale,
This is not a Place to play the fool in. Tou know, conti-
nu'd fhe, that I have granted the ungrateful Man
but everything. I broke in upon her again, and faid
to her, By my Troth, Madame, I did not know one
word ofthe Matter till now. She jeer'd me for
pretending to be ignorant of what fhe had been
telling me, and continu'd her Difcourfe to me
with all the Plainnefs and True-heartednefs that
is feldom found in Narratives of this nature.
After fhe had run on a good while, fhe faid,
Alas ! Sir, What fay you, Speak, now is your Time
to fpeak, andjuftify your Friend, if you can. I
really think, replied I, that R— — is a Scoundrel
to fet fo little a Value upon the Kindnefs you have
for him ; and inftead of juftifying him, when I
fee him, I fhall certainly rattle him for it. I fhall
tell him every Tittle that you have now done me the
Honor to divulge to me ; and tho' I am not V-—,
nor very intimate with R  , I am perfuaded
that he will give Attention to what I fhall fay to
him. Ah, Sir! replied the Duchefs, Why do ye
go to alter the natural Tone of your Voice ? How
can you deny your felf ? What have I done to be-
thus treated? Upon my Honor, Madam,l faid, I don't
impofe on you ; let your own Eyes be Witnefs. At
the fame Moment I pull'd off my Mafk. The
Lady was fo aftonifh'd that I can't exprefs it.
She cou'd not fpeak ; and I perceiv'd, by her
Confufion for having made fuch an open Confef
fion to me, that fhe did not know, whether fhe
had

272 Paris.
had beft fay on, or retire ? I really pitied her*
and did all I could to hearten her. I begg'd her-
to be affur'd that I would keep every thing foe
had faid to me inviolably fecret ; and that I
was as fenfible as foe could be, of the Confe
quence of revealing Things of that nature. The
good Lady began to pluck up her Spirits ; and
after fome farther Difcourfe fhe defiVd me to
hand her out, and to help her to find her Coach.
It was impoffible to difcover her Coach or mine
either in the Croud ; and therefore fhe chofe to
to take a Hack. I went with her to her Houfe,
where fhe defir'd me to go back to the Ball, and
tell the Ladies whom I had feen in her Company
that foe was taken very ill. I obey'd her Or
ders punctually, and did not fail next Day to
pay her a Vifit, and this Vifit pav'd the way for
others, which gave me an Opportunity to con
tract a moft intimate Acquaintance with her.
I had the Honor, in fhort, of being her moft
efteemed Friend, and found her poffefs'd of a
thoufand good Qualities, which render'd her the
beft Companion in the World.
The moft comical part of this Adventure was,
to find R— quarrelling bitterly with the Duchefs
for holding a long Parley with a Gentleman in
Mafquerade at the Ball. He pretended to be
jealous, and wrote a thundering Letter to her
next day, wherein he told her, that he would
have nothing more to do with her. On the o-
ther hand Madam de R — , with whom I went
to the Ball, and whom I was ftill paflionately
fond of, took advantage of the Conference I
had with the Duchefs, and alfo pretended Jea-
loufy, (for to be ferious, I knew afterwards that
'twas only a Copy of her Countenance.) She ex
patiated a good deal upon her Uneafinefs at the
long

f A RIS. 273
long Converfation that pafs'd betwixt us. I
Was filly enough to believe that fhe was fincere
in what fhe faid, and more Fool ftill to be
transported with the Thought that I had made
her jealous. I did all in my power, however,
to remove her Sufpicions ; in a word, I faid e-
very thing that a Lover can fay, who loves fin-
cerely, and would convince that he does fo. She
feem'd to be fatisfy'd with my Proteftations ;
but yet inftead of making a fuitable Return to
the Refpect I had for her, fhe continu'd to teaze
me all the reft of the Winter, Her Behavior
was fo extremely coquetifo, that it gave me a
deal of Vexation ; and befides, I did not like to
fee the Marquis de V  -— fo often at her
Houfe. I had been pefter'd with this Marquis for a
long time. 'Twas he that took away S 
from me ; and no fooner was I got into the Fa
vor of Madame de R  , but he found a way
to infinuate himfelf there too. I was fo pro •
vok'd to fee him always at my Heels, that I
quarrel'd with him one day at C  , where
we happen'd to meet at the Houfe of the Prefi-
dent de N——. We were actually at Daggers-
drawing, when M. de C  came and parted
us. V- — affur'd me that he had no manner
of Pretence to Madame de R — , and actually
promis'd me, that if I did not like his Vifits to
her, he would not renew them. And he was
as good as his Word, fo that I was perfectly re-
"concil'd to him ; but I was not at all pleas'd
with Madam de R-  I few plainly that T
was betray 'd. I had frefh Caufe to fufpect her
every day, and yet I hugg'd the Chains where
with fhe had bound me ; in which I fufficiently
confuted the vulgar Error of thofe who affert,
Vol. III. T that

274 Paris.
that People never; love heartily but once, I
ought, however* to reflect a little, upon this laft
Amour, which was extremely hurtful to me.
Madam de R  was fo extravagant that a
, Man could not be . upon good Terms with her,
without being at an exceffive Expence. To
fupport my felf I borrowed Money everywhere,
till e'er long I knew not where to find Lenders.
On the other hand my Creditors began to make
me frequent Vifits, till they were tir'd with my
continually putting them off from one timeto
another, and then truly they refolv'd to pro-
teed againft me by Law ; and at length took
out a Writtoattach my. Perfon, I was very
much ftunn'd at the NeWs, but becaufe I had
put them in an ill Humor, I was willing, to &-
void the Effects of it, by keeping my Chamber
for fome days, till M. de N---- had ¦ proear'd
me an Order to ftay Profecution.: This Refpite
put me upon ways and means to find Money,
all my Defire being to fatisfy my Creditors. I
was aware how difficult it was to get a fufficfent
Sum to pay them remitted from home ; for all
my Eftate was entail'd upon my Brother and
Mademoifelle de Pollnitz ; and foe never intend
ed to give her Confent to the mortgaging of any
part of it. Yet having no other way to bring my
felf out of Trouble, I got my Friends to inter
cede with her; which' they did fo powerfully,
that at length they really prevail'd on her to
agree to the borrowing of fome Money upon
the Eftate, which was lent accordingly ; and by
this Means. I got happily out of this Scrape.
The Difficulties Lbad been.plung'd in made me
w'ifer, and I leffen'd my Expences, which I per
ceiv'd, indeed, was not the. way to: preferve the
Favor of Madam, deli---.. But what fhould I do ?
To

Paris, Bruges. 2j$
To dip my felf again over head and ear9 m
Debt, and to run the rifque of having another
fcurvy Action enter'd againft me, was what I
could not refblve on. At this fame time I ob-
tain'd a Penfion of 2000 Livres ; but as to an
Employment, none could I get of the Secretary
at War. This put me fo much out of Temper, that
notwithftanding my Paffion for Madam de 2?-— ,
. and my being fo much attach'd to France, I
¦j determin'd to try once more for an Eftablifh
ment elfewhere. For this purpofe I wrote to
the Prince of H- — , a General Officer In the
Emperor's Service, and a Colonel of a Regiment
: of Foot, who return'd me a very obliging An
fwer, how glad he fhould be to admit me into
his Regiment ; but that there was no Company
vacant in it, nor none like to be, unlefs I could
ftrike a Bargain with a certain old Captain who
had a Defign to retire, and would gladly part
with his Company for 2000 Crowns. To
find fuch a round Sum as 2000 Crowns, in the
Situation which I was in then, and to find the
Philofopher's Stone, was as eafy for me one as
the other. I refolv*d, however, to treat with
the Captain.
I therefore fet out. for . Bruges, where the
Prince of H  was in Garifon with his Regi
ment. I met with a Captain, but he was pretty
and would abfolutely hear of no Terms
: Money down, or old Plate for Security.
irmce, who really wifh'd me well, and
perfectly knew the State of my Affairs, wrote
to my Coufin to perfuade her to confent to my
taking up fome more Money upon the Eftate.
I alfo indited the moft moving Letter I could, to
-melt her ; but 'twas all to no purpofe : The An-
T 2 fwers

276 B P. U G E S.
fwers fhe return'd were very fercaftical. She fet
me off to the Life, and foe had the Art to per-
fuade the Prince who had wrote to her, that to
give me Leave to borrow more Money, was
to put a Sword into the Hands of a Mad-man.
For my own part I was in a manner convinc'd
that fhe had Reafon on her fide. I therefore
quitted all Thoughts of the Company which I
propos'd to buy, and fet out for Paris.':
I was not forry to leave Bruges*, it being
one ofthe faddeft Places in the Netherlands for
a Mari to live in, who is not a Merchant; yet
'tis a very confiderable City". 'Tis !feid to be
•very ancient, and that it was encompafs'd with
Walls in the Year 865. It was formerly de
pendant on the Bifhopric of Tournay-,. but fince
the Reign of Philip II. it has been erected into
a Bifoop's See, which, is now Suffragan to the
Archbifoopric of Mechlin. Its' Cathedral, which
is dedicated to St. Donat, is a very old and a
Very fine Structure. The other Churches are al
fo of an elegant Model, efpecially the Jefuits
Church and our Lady's. In the latter there's
the Tomb of Charles the Bold the laft Duke of
Burgundy, who' was kili'd before Nancy, from
whence his Corpfe was tranflated hither, by order
of Mary of Auftria, hrs Grandaughter,the Widow
of a King of Hungary, and Sifter to the Empe
ror Charles V. The Situation of Bruges is very
advantagiou's, it being but three Leagues from
the Sea ; and for the Eafe of its Trade there
are feveral Canals cut in it, on which Veffels pafs
to and fro as they doin Holland; with this Conve
niency moreover, that People dine there as ele
gantly as in the beft Tavern. Tho' all thefe
Canals
* See Vol. II. p, 312.

Bruges, Newport. 277
Canals have a Communication with the Sea,
yet their Waters are not fait, by reafon of the
Sluices and other Machines, which they make
ufe of to prevent it. 'Tis natural to fuppofe,
that Fields in which fo many Canals are cut,
muft be fertile ; yet the Trade of Bruges is very
much dwindled fince the flourifhing of that of
Amfterdam, which has engrofs'd it all to it felf.
I forgot to tell you, that 'twas at Burges, the
Order of the Golden Fleece was inftituted by
Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, on the
very Day that he confummated his Marriage
with Ifabel the Daughter of John King of Por*
tugal. 'Twas to this City alfo that Charles II.
King of England came for Refuge, when his
Subjects rebell'd againft him ; and fo well was he
receiv'd here, that when he was in peaceable
Poffeflion of his Throne he foew'd his Gratitude,
by permitting the Citizens to fend fifty Veffels
every year to the Coafts of England, to catch
Herrings. So much, Madame, for Bruges.
Juft as I was fetting out, I heard that the
Prince of H-— was going for Newport *
where there was a Battalion of his Regiment in
Garifon ; and thither I went with him. This, which
is a very ancient Town, was heretofore intirely
deftroy'd by the Englifh, and aftejrwards re
built by Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy.
The Rebels of Ghent burnt it in 1383, becaufe
it continu'd faithful to its Sovereign. It held
out a very fharp Siege by the French, in which
the Women difplay'd a very great fhare of
Valour. During the Revolt of the Netherlands
it fubmitted to the Prince of Parma. In that
fame War, the Dutch who were befleging it,
T 3 under
f Sec Vol. II. /. 31J.

2?% New port," Ypres.
mider Prince Maurice of Orange, gain'd a great
Victory over the Spaniards, at the Gates of the
Town ; and yet they thought fit to raife the
Siege. They fay, that with feme Expence
Newport might be made one of the beft Harbors
in the Ocean ; and a Plan for this purpofe was
given to the Marquis de Prie, Commandant in
the Netherlands ; but hitherto it has ¦ not been
approv'd of. Tho' 'tis a Town not very much
fortify'd, yet 'tis a ftrong Place confidering the
Advantage it has of laying all the Country round
it under Water. 'Tis quite encompafs'd with !
Downs and Marfoes, the former of which a-
bound with Rabbets. The Prince of //---gave
me the Pleafure of Hunting there, which is the
only Diverfion that can be taken by Officers
who are condemned to be in Garifon in fuch a
Hole as Newport. We ftaid there ' two Days, '
after which the Prince and Princefs of H— re
turn'd to Bruges. For my own part I accom-
pxnied the Prince of Holftein to Ypres, of
which he is Governor for the Dutch.
This is one of the beft Cities in Europe, and. is
notable for having fuffer'd feveral Sieges. The
Rebels made themfelves Mafters of it intheReign
of Philip II. when they plundered the Churches
and Convents, and drove out the Fryars. The
Archduke Leopold retook it from thofe Fur iofos,
and it remained in Poffeffion of Spain till 1658,
when 'twas taken by the Marfoal de Turenne ;
but by the Pyrenean Treaty it reverted to its
lawful Sovereign. In 1678, Lewis XIV.
befieg'd it in Perfon and took it ; and by
the Treaty of Nimeguen, which was concluded
the fame year, 'twas yielded to him by Spain.
The French caus'd it to be confiderably forti
fy'd j after which they remain'd peaceable Pof-
feflbrs

P A R 1 $, 270
feflbrs of it till the Peace of Utrecht, when they
yielded it. to the Allies, in exchange fof Lifle
which had been taken from the French. Tpres
is now a Barrier for the Dutch, who keep a
good Garifon in it. Neverthelefs, Juftice is admi-
nifter'd, and the .Taxes raifedhere, in the Name
of the Empero.r, as Sovereign of Spanifh Flanders.
From Tpres I went to Lifle, of which I have
already had the Honor to give you fome Ac
count ; and from Lifle in a very fhort time I
proceeded to Paris. W;ho fhould I fee there,
but the famous Countefs of Wartemberg ? The
Chevalier de B — , who being at Utrecht during
the Congrefs, had there fign'd a Contract to
marry her, returning to France as foon as the
Peace was concluded, the Countefs follow'd him
and came to Verfailles, where fhe had the Ho
nor of waiting on the King. She wore the Pic
tures of three Kings as a Bracelet on her Arm,
which fhe fhew'd to the King, telling him at
the feme time, That after fhe had feen three Mo
narchs at her Feet, fhe was now come from the
Heart of Germany to throw her felf at the Feet'
of his Majefty. The King, who was furpriz'd at
the Compliment, ftar'd at her, but faid not a.
Word. Some days after this fhe appear'd at the*
Play-houfe, ftuck all over with Diamonds ; and
thofe fo large, that foe was call'd, The Lady of
precious Stones. All the young Fellows combin'd
to have a Pluck at her, and every younger Bro
ther of a Family thought thofe Diamonds would
look as well upon him as they did upon the Coun
tefs. When they had pilferM fome from her,
foe was more , cautious hoW foe paraded with
'em for the future. Yet notwithftanding all her
Care, the Chevalier de B — dextroufly ftripp'd
her of all fhe had in one day. He had been for
T 4 fome

2 So Pari s.
fome time wifoing that he could revoke the Mar
riage-Contract which he had fign'd with the
'Countefs ; his Family alfo prefs'd him to break
off his Engagement with her ; and in fine, not
knowing what Courfe to take to recover the
Contract, which the Lady refus'd to reftore,
he made ufe of this very fihgular Expedient.
One day when he was at Verfailles, he fet out
Poft from thence to find out the Countefs of
Wartemberg, and told her that the King had juft
receiv'd an Exprefs from Berlin, by which the
King of Pruffia defir'd him to put her under
an Arreft, and to feize her Diamonds, and other
Effects, as having been Hole from the King his
Father. I juft had the News, faid the Chevalier
to her, from M. de T- — , who knowing the Re-
fpecl I have for you, was willing to give me an
Opportunity of doing you Service, by guarding you
from the Misfortune that threatens you. The
Countefs being thunder-ftruck at this News,
faid to the Chevalier in a Fright, 0 my God !
What fhall we do? Tour only way, faid he, is to
give me Charge of all your Diamonds ; your Inte
refts and mine are the fame ; / don't believe you
fufpetl me ; I will carry them all to my Father's
Houfe, where they will be fafe : And as for your
Perfon, you may be very eafy; for M. de T 
has affur'd me, that 'tis your Effetls they want,
and not your Perfon. Madame de Wartemberg
believ'd every Tittle of what he faid, and e-
fleeming the Chevalier as her Guardian Angel,
fhe deliver'd up all her Diamonds to him, with
every thing , befides of moft Value. B  hav
ing all this Booty, took his Leave of her. The
Countefs thought fhe had play'd a very cunning
Part in thus, fecuring her Effects ; but 'twas not
long before foe was fenfible that foe had play'd a

Paris. 281
a folifo one, B — was not to be feen for four or
five days. The Countefs, ftartledat his abfenting
himfelf, wrote Letter after Letter to him, but could
not obtain fo much as one Anfwer. At laft, oh
the fifth day, .S— — made his Appearance, and
gave the good Lady fome Encouragement. He
told her that her Jewels were all fafe ; and that
foe might have them whenever fhe pleas'd, up
on this trifling Condition only ; namely, that fhe
would reftore him the Contract he had fign'd to
marry her. The Countefs extremely furpriz'd
at this Compliment, made Anfwer to the Che
valier, That Princefles of the Empire were not
to be thus treated ; that fhe was come to Paris
upon his Engagement to marry hef ; and that
foe knew how to oblige him to it. B  , who
was refolv'd to break with her at any rate,
told her, that fhe was at her full Liberty to chufe
either of thefe two Propofals that he made to
her, viz. To go to Law, and thereby to be cer
tain of lofing her Effects ; or elfe, to recover
them, by reftoring that Paper to him which he
demanded. He made her fenfible, that by go
ing to Law, he might naturally hope to get the
better of her, not only from the Juftice of his
Caufe, but from the Intereft of his Relations ;
and that as to her Effects, fince there was no
Witnefs that faw her deliver them into his
Hands, he fhould take a Courfe which fhe would
think pretty hard, viz. Deny that he had ever
receiv'd them, and in the mean time fell one
part of the Jewels to enable him to find Law
to keep the reft. The Countefs perceiving that
the Chevalier was refolv'd to be as good as his
Word, and that foe had no Chance to get any
thing, determin'd to give up the Contract ;
and B  thereupon brought back her Dia
monds ;

202 £ F A ;R I Si.
monds ; which was fuch an honeft Action on hiV
part, that it engag'd Madam de Wartemberg to
make him a Prefent of a noble Ring, valu'd at
20,000 Livres. And thus ended her Correfpon--
dence with B—.baftaq .asw jd moriw
The Countefs, to make her-jMf^eafy for the
Lofs of her Lover, refolv'd to look out for o-
thers ; but fhe was not happy in the Variety of
her Choice. They were all, faid foe, infincere ;
and for the moft part knavifhly inclin'd. In foort,
foe renounc'd all manner of Society with French
men ; foe thought them too volatile and nimble
for her, andupon this Oecafiort* foe extol'd the
'Germans for the honefteft Souls in the World ;
yet foe foon found the contrary, to her Coft :
For having, made an Acquaintance with a clever
handfome young German^ they both promis'd each
other Marriage, asfoon as they came to a Proteftant
Country, and a Contract was actually fign'd be
tween them forthat purpofe ; but the Spark thought
that after they had fign'd and feal'd, . the Nuptial
Benediction was only an infignificant Ceremony,
to admit them into a Bartnerfhip in their world
ly Goods; and that his Right ought to com
mence from the very day that the Articles were
agreed to. Upon this Principle he thought fit 5
to march off with all the precious Stones of his
Spoufe that was to be, and fet out with them
from Paris, defigning to elope to Lorrain. The \
Countefs* who was foon inform'd of his Depar
ture, was mortally uneafy > at the Treachery , of
her Lover, tho'. the Danger foe was in of lofing
her Diamonds ftuck moft to her Heart. By
good Luck foe had Intelligence what Road her,
dear Thief went, and fent a Meflenger after him,
whp i found him at Meaux, where he was fo un-
wife as tq make a Halt for fome days. ,,He was
firought

Paris. 283
brought back to Paris, where the Countefs,
who denied that foe had ever made the leaft
Propofal of Marriage to the Stripling, was pre
paring to fwinge him; but the Electoral Prince of
Saxony, by whom he was protected, put a flop
to all further Profecution, and caus'd the Jewels
to be reftor'd to Madam de Wartemberg, who
did not infift upon his Promife of Marriage ; for
being of a Temper that did not permit her to be
idle, foe had already contracted a clandeftine
Marriage with F—-. Thefe various Intrigues
happening fo foon one after another, were fo
much talk'd of, that the Countefs did not think
lit to ftay any longer in France, but fet out for
Holland, where fhe remains to this day *.
Towards the Clofe of the Year, viz. on the
1 ft of September 17 15, France loft Lewis XIV,
He died a Death truly Chriftian, for which he
had been fome time before preparing himfelf ~,
fo that when Notice was given him, that he
muft make ready to go out of this W'orld, he
was not at all furpriz?d. He took his laft Fare-
wel of his Family with a Courage worthy of
Admiration. He gave his Bleffing to the young
Dauphin, the Heir of his Crown ; which he
accompanied with feveral important Advices and
Exhortations* efpecially not to go to War with
out a juft Caufe, and not to be fo fond of it as
he had been. Then he order'-d what Mourning
the young Monarch fhould wear, adding, that
what he prefcrib'd to him was the fame that he
wore at the Death of the King his Father. This
Monarch exprefs'd a vaft Affection for the Prin
ces of his Family, and ftrongly recommended
his Succeflbr to the Duke of Orleans. They fay
that
J See Vol. II. f. 409, 4.10,

284 Paris.
that he ftretch'd forth his Hand to the Marfhal da
Villeroy, and faid to him, Adieu, my Friend, we
muft part. Madame de Maintenon ftaid with
the King all the Time of his Illnefs, becaufe he
defir'd it, except one Day, when the King being
fo ill that they thought he could not recover it,
fhe return'd to St. Cyr ; but as foon as the Mo
narch came tq himfelf, and found Madame de
Maintenon gone, he fent for her, and begg'd her
not to forfake him. Accordingly foe continu'd
with him till his Death, upon which foe went
back to St. Cyr, where foe liv'd mightily retir'd
till 1719, when fhe died.
'Tis aftonifhing to think what a Change there
was at Court upon the Death of Lewis XIV.
The Courtiers ftuck faft to him, to the very laft
Moment of his Life, not at all minding the Prin
ces ; no, not even the Duke of Orleans : but
the very Moment that the King died, the Face of
every thing was alter'd ; and all the Court was
made to the Duke of Orleans, as the fole Dif-
penfer of Favors, who went, accompanied by all
the Princes and Courtiers, to the young Mo
narch, and paid him the due Homage.
Lewis XIV. had appointed the Duke of Or
leans Regent of the Kingdom by his laft Will ;
but at the fame time he nominated feveral Noble
men for Affociates in the Government, without
whom he could conclude nothing. He alfo de-
priv'd him of the Guardianfoip of the young
King, and gave it to the Duke de Maine •, in a
word , he bound his Hands in fuch a manner,
that this Prince had nothing but the Shadow
ofthe Regency. The Duke, however, artfully
procur'd that Honor to be paid to him, which
he claina'd as his due. He conducted the young
King to Parliament with a great Train. The
French

Paris. 285
French and Swifs Guards being drawn up in a
Line in the Streets, to the very Gates of the
Palais or Par liament-Houfe, theGens d'Arms, Muf
keteers, Light-Horfe and Life-Guards attend
ed his Majefty to the Palais, where he was re
ceiv'd with the ufual Ceremonies, and con
ducted to the Court, which they call his Bed of
Juftice. When every body had taken their
Seats, the Duke of Orleans broke filence and
faid, That tho' the Regency belong' d to him by
Birth-right, yet he was very glad he could
produce the Codicil of the late King to them in
proof of it -, which having caus'd to be read, to
gether with the Will, he fhew' d the Inconvenien-
cies that might arife from the little Authority
which was given to him ; and that his Rank and
Birth had always intitled him to hope for more.
And having faid this, he demanded of the Par
liament, Whether they did not own him for the
Sovereign Adminiftrator of the Kingdom. He
added, That whatever Authority fhould be given
him, he fhould be glad to follow the Advice of the
Parliament ; that he would foare his Authority
•with the Grandees of the Kingdom ; and that if
there fhould happen to be a Failure of Juftice in his
Adminiftration, it would then be a Pleafure to
him to hear their Remonftrances. He clos'd all
with faying, That he fhould like well enough to
have his Hands reftrained from doing wrong, but
that he wifh'd they might be at entire Liberty to
do good. The Votes ran in his Favor ; the
late King's Will was annull'd, the Duke of Or
leans declar'd Regent of the Kingdom, and
Guardian of the King ; and the Superintendancy
of his Majefty's- Education was given to the
Duke of Maine. The Regent return'd his
Thanks to the Parliament ; and at the feme time

286 Par is.
time told them, that he was for purfuing a Plan
of Government that was found amoflg the Papers of
the Duke of Burgundy, Father to the prefent King;
according to which Planrit appear'd that the faid
Prince had a Defign to eftablijh Councils for every
Province, whether of the Finances, War, Admi
ralty, &c. and to be govern' d entirely by what the
Majority of the Voices therein fhould determine. ,
The Duke du Maine had no reafon to be fa
tisfy'd with this Affembly j for befides being de-
priv'd of the Guardianfoip ofthe King^ he had
much ado to preferve the Prerogatives Which
the late King had annex'd to the Quality of a
legitimated Prince of theBJood. The, Dukes
and Peers declared immediately againft the Pre
cedency that had been granted to thofe Princes,
and carried their Complaints to the Bed of Juf
tice, where they demanded that they might on
ly be confidered as a Part of their Body •, and
that they might be allow'd no other Rank than
what they deriv'd from their Peerages. Here
after we fhall alfo find the Princes of the Blood
declaring againft thofe Princes that had been le
gitimated. This Demand of the Dukes did not take
place at that time, no more than another which
they alfo made upon the fame Day, viz-, that the
Firft Prefident, when he afk'd their Opinion in
Parliament, fhould veil the Bonnet to them, in
the fame manner as to the Princes of the Blood.
The Duke of Orleans defir'd them to permit the
Ufages of Parliament to be obferv'd- on that Day,
and affured them that he would, decide that Af
fair very foortly. The Prefident de Novion, af
terwards the firft Prefident, then, fpoke, and an-
fwered the Regent, that his Royal Highnefshad
no Right to make a Decifion in an: Affair which
related

Par is. 287
related directly to the Perfon of the King,
whom the Parliament had the Honor of repre
fenting in his Majefty's Abfence ; and that con-
fequently nothing could be alter'd in the Ufage
of Parliament, but by the King himfelf when he
came of Age.
After the Court of Juftice broke up, the King
return'd to Vincennes, where he refided after the
Death of the late King, till the Palace of the
Thuilleries was made fit for his Reception. The
Regent and the Princes accompanied the King,
and they afterwards went back to Paris, each
Man to his own Houfe. They fay that the
Duke of Maine was no fooner return'd home,
but the Duchefs his Wife, impatient to know
what had pafs'd in the Bed of Juftice, came that
very inftant to afk him what News he brought ;
and when he told her, that the Regent was the
fole Mafter of the King and Kingdom, fhe re-
proach'd him bitterly.
As foon as the Louvre was in a readinefs the
King fet out thither from Vincennes, where
Lodgings were laid out for the Princes and
Princefles of the Blood. The Palace of Luxem
burg was given to the Duchefs of Berry, who
made great Alterations in the Apartments.
This Princefs had a mighty Afcendant over her
Father the Duke of Orleans, and foe made fuch a
ufe of it that there was not a day but foe obtain'd
new Favors. As foe was the firft Princefs in
the Kingdom, there being at that time no
Queen, foe defir'd to have a Captain of the
Guards to attend her ; a Privilege which none
had ever enjoy'd before but the Queens. The
Duke of Orleans could not deny her, and the
Perfon inverted with this Character was the Mar
quis de la Rochefoucault. Madame no fooner heard

288 Paris.
heard of this Augmentation of Officers In the
Houfhold of the Duchefs her Daughter, but foe
prefently appointed M. de Harling to be Cap
tain of "her Guards, who was a German Gentle
man that had been her Page. The Duchefs of
of Berry wanted alfo to be ftil'd Madame, as well
as the Princefs her Mother ; yet to prevent
Confufion, foe fignify'd, that when they made
mention of her they fhould not call her Madame
la Ducheffe de Berry, but Madame, Ducheffe de
Berry. Moreover, foe pretended to the Right
of having Kettle-Drums and Trumpets founded
before her when foe went abroad in Ceremony,
tho' this was never obferv'd to any body but
the Queen. In fhort, this Princefs enter'd once
into Paris with all this Attendance, as foe re
turn'd from la Muette. When foe pafs'd before
the Palace of the Thuilleries, the Officers of the
Guards were very much aftonifh'd to hear the
Trumpets, and reprefented that no body but
the King and Queen ought to march with fuch
Pomp ; upon which Madame de Berry wav'd her
Privilege for the future, tho' with regard only
to Paris.
Some will imagine, perhaps, that this Princefs,
who was fo fond of Grandeur, muft naturally
be difficult of Accefs and of very ftiff Behavior
to Perfons that had the Honor of approach
ing her. Yet foe was quite the Reverfe. I
was acquainted with feveral Ladies that had the
Honor of fome Familiarity with her ; and they
all affur'd me, that foe was the beft-natur'd
Princefs in the World. She never ftood upon
Formalities in point of Ceremonial with the
Generality of the Ladies, but freely permitted
them to come and vifit her in a Scarf. 'Tis
true indeed that fhe did not affect Drefs her felf,
4

Paris. 289
felf, and confequently it would not have been
good Manners for the Princefles and Court La
dies to appear in a formal Drefs, which fhe was
fearce ever feen in her felf. Madame, as I have
already had the Honor to tell you, was much
more precife. She was always in the Court-
Drefs, and never fuffer'd any but Ladies that were
advanc'd in years, or fuch as were not in Health,
to appear before her in any other.
The Duke Regent, according to the Promife
he had made to the Parliament, when he held the
Bed of Juftice, eftablifti'd feveral Councils. There
was one which was call'd The Council of the Re
gency, others for War, the Finances, the Marine,
and for Affairs Foreign. All the Minifters of
the late King were difmifs'd, except the Chancel
lor Voifin, who kept his Poft. M. Defmaretz and
M. de Pontchartrain, one the Minifter of the
Finances, the other of Affairs Marine, were both
deftitute of Employment. M. Defmaretz was
put to fome trouble in a Chamber which the
Regent eftablifti'd at the Grand Auguftins, for
calling to account thofe who had had the Ma
nagement of the public Money. 'Twas called
the Chamber of Juftice ; and the Prefident Por
tal 1, who is now the firft Prefident, was at the
Head of it. Great Advantages were expected"
from this Eftablifhment, which would, they feid,
not only pay off the King's Debts, but alfo bring
confiderable Sums into his Coffers ; neverthe
lefs it all came to nothing. There was a Fine
laid indeed, and 'twas a general one ; but as moft
of the Financiers had married their Daughters to
the Great Men of the Kingdom, they came off
for a Trifle ; the Unfortunate paid for all :
Some were condemn'd to the Galleys, and others
to perpetual Imprifonment, after having been
Vol. III. U fet

290 f A R I S,
fet in the Pillory, where the People had the
Pleafure of infulting them ; and that was all
they got by it. As for the King, he was not a
Penny the richer for, it ; and no body got more
by it than the Ladies who follicited for the lower
ing of the Fines, and ran away with almoft all
the Profit. The Public, in general, was very
much perplex'd by it : Moft People, afraid of
being fin'd, hid their Silver, which Metal fo ne-
ceflary, became fo fearce in but fix Months time,
that it look'd as if Lewis XIV. had carried it all
out of the Kingdom with him to the other
World. They began to lament the Lofs of
that Prince, and the Love of the Public for the
Regent vanifo'd very faft. 'Twas not long be
fore, that every one thought they had reafon
to curfe the late King ; and the Frenchman, who
is naturally fickle, imagin'd without knowing
why or wherefore, that the Death of Lewis ¦
XIV. would be the beginning of a more happy
Century. The Prince who was at the Head of
the Adminiftration was loaded with Bleflings,
tho' he had not yet done any thing to win their
Hearts ; and in a very fhort time this fame
Prince, who was fo much ador'd, found himfelf
the Subject of the moft flinging Satire. He foon
took care to be inform'd how the Public ftood
affected to him. I happen'd to be one day at Ma-
dame's, when this Prince declar'd aloud, Six
Months ago, faid he, 7" was perfectly ador'd in
Paris, tho' I had done nothing to deferve it ; and
I am now as much hated, but for what reafon t
fhould be glad to know. He knew perhaps, or
at leaft he ought to have known it. The Scar
city of Silver was the only Caufe of it ; and it
appear'd by the Regent's Conduct, that the
King's Coffers were fo far from being full, that
Payments

Paris. 29 i
Payments were made, not in Silver, but in Pa
per ; a Money always fluctuating, and with
Which the French began to be tirJd. They had
fo often feen Bills with various Denominations j
and the Fate of the laft fort call'd Mint- Bills;
irt particular* wasfo frefo in their Memory, that
it was almoft impoffible they foduld entertain a
better Opinion bf thofe that Were created at thd
beginning of the' Regency, by the Name of Go
vernment-Bills : Yet thefe were admitted not-
Withftanding the; great Clamor' againft them $
and by and by we fhall find that the French;
who are always doom'd to be bubbled, gave in
to a new Paper-Scheme, more fpecious perhaps
to view, but more ruinous in the Event, than
thofe which had 'appear'd before it.
Another thing which put the People out bf
conceit with the Government, was the Fluctua
tion of Meafures at the Royal Palace, where no
thing was fix'd ; and what was done one day,'
was cancell'd the next. The Regent, who was
really a good-natur?d and very affable Prince^
feem'd to put himfelf into the hands of tod
many People i No body that had a Favor to afk
was turn'd away ; it often happen'd that the
feme Thing was promis'd to two Perfons, and a
third obtained it. Penfions* Gratuities and Em
ployments were promis'd, but the Promife fel
dom kept : Sq far from it, that feveral Penfions'
Were fupprefsM,1 and mine; which coft me fo
much PainS in the Sollicitation, was of that num
ber. I niade fome Buftle to be put upon the
Lift again ; yet all that I could obtain- -was a
Promife that my Penfion fhould be fenew'd
very foon : But the Performance is ftill to come;
All this ftriking off of Penfions, together'
with a confiderable Reduction of the Army; fe-s
U • 2 ' due'd

292 Paris.
duc'd a great many People to Beggary. I few
feveral Knights of St. Lewis at that very time,
waiting with Impatience for the Dufk ofthe E-
vening, that they might go out, and beg Alms in
the public Places. This extreme Mifery was at
tended, as may be eafily imagin'd, by Robberies
and Murders ; fo that all this while Paris had
a. great Refemblance to a Wood. My Appre-
henfion that I fhould be a Sharer in the common
Defolation, engag'd me to pay my Court to
Madame with more.Affiduity than ever, and I
earneftly intreated her to honor me with her
Recommendation to the Regent. The Princefs
return'd me for Anfwer, That fhe was refolv'd not
to meddle or make ; that however I had no reafon
to be uneafy ; that there was no Neceffity for her
fpeaking in my Behalf to the Prince her Son, fince
he was naturally inclin'd to ferve me ; but that
for the prefent he was fo over-burden' d with Af
fairs and Sollicitations, that I muft have patience
for a while longer. I made her Anfwer, That I
was very willing to wait as long as her Royal
Highnefs pleas'd ; but that I was fadly afraid I
was not in a Situation to ftay long. Madame re^
ply'd to me, There is a Remedy for all Things :
Be you to-morrow at my Clofet as foon as I have
din'd. I was there punctually according to her
Orders, and found her all alone. As foon as fhe
faw me fhe faid, lam a poor Widow that can't do
great Matters for you, but I have a mind to ob
lige you. She then gave me the Key of her Bu
reau, and bid me open it, and take a Bag out of
one Corner of it, in which there was Gold to the
Tune of three thoufand Livres. I receiv'd it
with all the Gratitude poffible ; and this frefh
Token of her Royal Highnefs's Goodnefs attach'd
me to her more than ever. The

Paris. 293
The Dukes and Peers at this very time re-
new'd a Demand which they had already made
in the Parliament, touching the Obeifance they
expected to be made to them by the firft Prefi
dent when he call'd for their Opinion* They
alfoclaim'd feveral Prerogatives over the* Nobi
lity, and wanted to eftablifh themfelves as a
Middle State between the Princes of the Blood
and thofe call'd Gentlemen. The Regent made
them Anfwer, That for his part he had never
acknowledg'd more than three Orders, the Cler
gy, the Nobility, and the third Eftate ; and that
'twas their Bufinefs to choofe which Clafs they
would be of, without aiming at a chimerical E-
Jlablifoment which was intirely unprecedented.
The Dukes demanded moreover, to be excus'd
from drawing their Swords in any Quarrel with
a private Gentleman ; but the Duke de la Feuil-
lade refus'd to fign this Petition, becaufe he faid,
He would not be expos'd to an Affront from any
Gentleman, and be reftrain'd from refenting
it. The Parliament did not vouchfafe to anfwer
the Memorial of the Dukes, and only confirm'd
U 3 what
* That our Reader may the better underftand this, it muft
be obferv'd that the Cuftom of France and that of Eng
land are, in this refpett, very different : For tho' in Eng
land a Baron is as much a Peer as a Duke, yet in France
none but the Dukes, and not all of them, are honor'd with
the Dignity of Peers : But thefe modern Peers are very dif
ferent from the ancient Peers of France, who were fix Spi
ritual and fix Temporal, «w'z. three Dukes and three Earls
or Counts of each State. The former are ftill in Being,
namely, the Duke Archbifhop of Rheims, the Duke and Bi
fhop of Laon, the Duke and Bifhop of Langres, the Cour.t
Bifhop of Beawvais, the Count Bifhop of Chalons, and the
Count Bifhop of Noyon ; but the Temporal, who were So
vereign Princes, have beenextinft along time.

294 Paris.
what the Prefident de Novion had advanc'd-^
that it was the King's fole Right to determine
Claims of that fort, and that therefore they muft
wait till his Majefty was of Age. The Nobility
did not treat the Demand of the Dukes with the
fame Indifference as the Parliament, and met to
confider how they fhould behave ; but there
came an Order forbidding them to continue
their Affemblies. Yet for all this Prohibition
they drew up a Memorial between themfelves,
which was prefented to the King. This Con
duct of theirs fo difgufted the Court, that feve
ral ofthe Nobles who were known to have the
greateft Hand in the Memorial were taken up
and committed to the Baft He. The Dukes met
at the fame time at the Houfe ofthe Archbifhop of
Rheims, who was afterwards the Cardinal de
Mailly. In fine, the Refult of all thefe Motions
on both fides, was a Declaration iffued by his
Majefty, requiring that every thing fhould re
main in the fame State as in the late King's
Life-time, without prejudice to the Rights of ei
ther Party. A zealous Parliamentarian, who,
?tis like, could not brook that Pretenfions fo fri
volous as that of the Dukes fhould remain un-
anfwer'd, pubh'fh'd a very long Tract to prove,
that feveral of the Dukes were not Gentlemen ;
and that the Generality of the Members of Par
liament were indifputably of better Extraction
than thofe who were grac'd with the Title of
Dukes. I queftion \f Ilenry IV. who very often
did the Nobility the Honor to call himfelf a
Gentleman, would have left the Claim of the
Dukes undetermin'd.
At this very time the Princes of the Blood
prefented a Petition to his Majefty againft the Le
gitimated Princes. The former were uneafy to.
fee,

Paris. 295
fee the latter in poffeffion of Rank equal to theirs,
and pretending to an equal Share with them in
the Right of Succeffion to the Crown ; and
therefore demanded that the Legitimated Princes,
viz. the Duke du Maine and the Count de Tou-
loufe, and their Defcendants, fhould be declar'd
to have forfeited the Rank of Princes of the
Blood ; and that the Act by which the late
King declared thofe Princes capable of fucceeding
to the Crown, fhould be ftruck out of the Re-
gifters of the Parliament.
The Legitimated Princes prefented a Memorial
to the King on their part, whereby they repre
fented to his Majefty, that the Demand of the
Princes of the Blood was contrary to his Autho
rity ; that the Sovereigns had always the Liber
ty of granting fuch Honors as they thought • fit,
either to the Court or the Parliament ; and that
moreover, the late King, when he declar'd them
Princes ofthe Blood, did it in the moft authen
tic Manner, the Declaration which gave them
that Dignity, being regifter'd in Parliament, in
the Prefence, and even with the Advice of the
Princes of the Blood, and of the Dukes and
Peers. Several Writings were publifh'd at that time
on both fides of the Queftion, to prove the Juftice
of the Caufe which each maintain'd. The A-
mqunt of what the Legitimated Princes pleaded
was, That Kings were the abfolute Difpenfers
of Favors ; and that the Kings who were Lewis-
XlVth's Predeceffors, formerly granted thofe
very Privileges, which they now aim'd to
deprive them of, without Oppofition. They
quoted for Example the Longueville Family,
whofe Defcendants had always the Rank of
Princes of the Blood. They alfo inftanc'd in
U 4 feveraj

296

Paris.

feveral Baftards who had fucceeded to the
Crown, in the firft and fecond Race ofthe Kings
of France ; and obferv'd, that the Cafe would
have been the fame in the third Race, if the
fame Fact had happen'd.
The Princes of the Blood gave an ample and
folid Reply to the Memorial of the Legitimated
Princes. They advanc'd, that the King as great
as his Authority was, could not grant Prerogatives
that were peculiar only to Birth-Right ; that a
Baftard was one 'without Father, without Mo
ther, without Kindred, &c. and by confequence
incapable of holding any Rank which Blood a-
lone can give ; that moreover, the Claim ofthe
Legitimated Princes would deprive the Nation of
its Right of calling fuch Family to the Crown as
they thought fit, in cafe the Royal Family
fhould happen to be extinct.
This Memorial was confuted by another, and
to the latter there was a Reply. In fine, both
fides grew fo warm, that to put an end to
the Quarrel, the King was oblig'd to fpeak.
He declared folemnly, That the Legitimated
Princes floould enjoy the Rank of Princes of the
Blood during their Lives, but that they could
not fucceed to the Crown. This Declaration was
very well receiv'd, in appearance, by both
Parties ; but perhaps too it was the Caufe of
fome Events, which in the Confequence gave
the Regent no little Uneafinefs, whereof I fhall
foon have occafion to make mention.
During thefe Transactions in France, there
were Commotions of much greater Confequence in
England, where a Revolution was expected in
favor of the Chevalier de St. George, who hav
ing fpent fome time at the Prince de Vaudemonfs
Houfe at Commercy in Lorrain, was juft fet out for

Paris. 297
for Scotland. He embark'd between Oft end and
Dunkirk, and had a happy Paflage. As foon as
he. arriv'd he found a confiderable Party which
declar'd for him. : Every thing feem'd at firft
to favor him : A great many Perfons came to
own him for King, and he was ferv'd in that
Quality. But his Happinefs was of no long Du
ration, and? he was oblig'd to retire with Preci
pitancy from a Country where he was in dan
ger of being, ill us'd.
'Twas th? Opinion of many People that this
Undertaking would have fucceeded, if the Prince
had not difcover'd fo much Zeal for the Catho^
lie Religion ; for 'twas only defired of him to
promife to preferve the Privileges of Scotland in
Religious jMatters, but he would not hear of
it. Moreover, he rofe one day from Table
without eating a Morfel, becaufe a Clergyman
of the Church of England had faid the Grace ;
and upon this "Occafion he protefted, that he
would never eat a Bit of what a Heretic pretend
ed to give a Bleffing to. This great Zeal for Re
ligion, a Zeal perhaps too flaming in Circum-
ftanees where he might, without any Crime,
have fmother'd it, was the reafon that all the
Proteftants in Scotland, many of whom had al
ready declar'd in his Favor, turn'd their backs
on him. I happen'd to be prefent when all this
was told to the Duke of Orleans. He made
Anfwer, If all this be true, 'tis no wonder that
he has not fucceeded ; and I look upon him as an
undone Prince. At the fame time I obferv'd
fuch an Air of Satisfaction in his and Madame's
Countenances, as convinc'd me that they were
not ill pleas'd to fee the Elector of Hanover efta
blifti'd on the Throne of England.
The

$gB Paris.
The Chevalier de St. George return'd to France,
and having pafs'd thro' the whole Kingdom in
cog, he went for Refuge to Avignon. The Eng
lifh did all they could with the Regent to en^
gage him to arreft the Chevalier, and demand
ed likewife that he would cafoier all the Englifh
and Irijh Officers in the Service of France, that
were the Pretender's Adherents. The Re
gent fatisfy'd them but in part, for he only ca-
foier'd the Officers. The Chevalier de St. George
was hotly purfu'd, and 'tis even faid that a
certain Lord was a good while in chace of him,
with a Defign to have kill'd him ; but the Che
valier efcap'd the Danger by the Hafte that
he made to Avignon. When he quitted Scotland
he was oblig'd to leave feveral Lords that had
follow'd him in the Lurch, particularly the
Duke of Liria, Son to the Marfoal de Berwic,
Natural Son of James II. who had fo much
Difficulty to get to France again, that 'twas even
reported for a long while that he had been taken
Prifoner and beheaded, as Lord Derwentwater
was at London.
The prench were forry to fee that Fortune
always crofs'd the Chevalier de St. George, and
could not help pitying the Queen his Mother,
whofe Sorrows were by this Difafter increas'd ;
for fhe had, by the Mifcarriage of this Expedi
tion, ruin'd feveral of her Friends, who had
made their utmoft Efforts to fupport the Char
ges of it.
Tho' the Orleans Family was not very much
afflicted at the Misfortune of the Chevalier de
St. George, yet it did not hinder Madame from
going to Chaillot to condole with the Queen
upon her late Misfortunes. I was at the Royal
Palace when Madame return'd from the Vifit •„
and

Paris. 2g9
and fhe did me the Honor to tell me, That floe
had been almoft crying her Eyes out. 1 pretended
to be ignorant of the Caufe of her Tears, and
took the Freedom to afk her, What was the
matter ? The poor Queen of England ! faid foe,
I pity her heartily. I have been weeping with
her. I could not help letting Madame know
how much I was furpriz'd at this Grief of her's,
becaufe I imagin'd fhe was more in the Intereft
of the Family that govern'd England, than of a
Prince who was a Stranger to her ; and one,
moreover, that was always out of Fortune's Fa
vor. Tou are in the right, faid Madame, all the
Relations of my late Aunt are dear to me, and I
wifo 'em well. But this poor Queen takes it as
much to heart as if it was but to-day that fhe
left the Crown. But what can floe do? The only
way for her is to make her felf eafy. 'Tis not her
Doom to be happy ; and fince one of 'em muft be
unfortunate, I had rather fhe was fo than the
King of England. But, added fhe, this muft
not be told. Madam de D  — — coming in
juft after thefe Words, Madame told her, That
foe had been to fee the Queen of England, but
that fhe thought foe had been with the Nymph Are-
thufa all the while. Madam de D made
Anfwer to her, That it was not furprizing to
fee Tears flhed by Perfons fo much affiicled as the
Queen was. What then, faid Madame, are not
thirty Tears Misfortunes enough to inure her to
them ? Thus did this Princefs wipe away the
Tears which lately fell from her in fuch a Torrent.
The fine Seafon being come, Madame went
to St. Cloud, and took with her Mademoifelle de
Chartres now the Abbefs of Chelles, and Ma
demoifelle de Valois now Princefs of Modena.
Madame 'fpent all the Summer at ¦S'/.C/^fo that I
was

300 Paris.
made feveral Trips thither. Itoldhermy Cafe,and
defir'd that fhe would pleafe to intercede for me
with the Duke her Son. She always promis'd
me fhe would, but never did ; and yet fhe faid to
every body who talk'd of me to her, That floe
wifh'd me well ; while, on the other hand, tho'
this Princefs mortally hated S  a Pruffian
Gentleman, fhe earneftly importun'd the Duke
her Son to ferve him ; and I was prefent one day
when flie follicited for him. After the Duke of
Orleans retir'd, fhe call'd me to her, and faid,
Tou heard how I efpous'd the Interefts of S — ,yet I
cpi affure you he does not de ferve it. Then Madame
told me ftrange Stories to the difad vantage of S — ,
upon which I took the Freedom to defend his
Caufe, and to affure her Royal Highnefs that
he had been mifreprefented to her. What ! feid
Madame, will you offer to deny that he had his
Hand cut off for counterfeiting the Sign-Manual
of the King of Denmark? As I knew the Ad
venture of S  at the Danifh Court, and that
his was not a Crime of fuch a nature ; and as,
moreover, I knew that the Lofs of his Right
Arm was owing to a Fall that he had receiv'd, I
reprefented to Madame, that I fhould have
thought the cutting off of his Hand Punifhment
enough in all reafon for the Crime of which
fhe fufpected S  ; but that neverthelefs, his
Arm was cut off near the Shoulder. Alas ! faid
the Princefs, that's becaufe it was cut a fecond
time. But, Madame, I inftantly reply'd, How
could your Royal Highnefs favor a Man that was
capable of fuch a Fraud? I have my Reafons f$r
it, faid foe. I did not venture to indulge my Cua
riofity further. But in fine, this M. de S  who
was to the laft degree abhorr'd, obtain'd what
he defir'd ; whereas, for my part, as well as I
was

Paris. 301
was wifh'd, I could not poffibly obtain fo much as
a pofitive Denial, which would at leaft have
ferv'd to undeceive me, and to make me look
out for Preferment from another Quarter.
While Madame was at St. Cloud, the Duchefs
of Berry refided at Meudon, tho' fometimes fhe
came to Paris. I had the Honor of paying my
Compliments to this Princefs very often. She
was good-natur'd and generous, and very free to
afk Favors of the Regent her Father, who fel
dom deny'd her ; fo that whoever had her Pro
tection, was in a fure way to be advanc'd. The
Counts R  , a young Man of Quality, and
who was juft enter'd as a Lieutenant in that
Princefs's Guards, knew better than any body
how to gain his Miftrefs's Favor. I knew him
fome time before this Preferment of his, when
he was a Lieutenant in the King's Regiment,
very much out at heels, and by confequence
not in a Condition to keep a certain Sett of Com
pany ; at leaft, in the manner that he would
have defir'd : But by meer Chance he was quar-
ter'd upon the Duchefs of Berry, who wanted a
Man of a good Family to be Lieutenant of
her Guards ; for till then thofe who officia
ted in that Poft were only Perfons of a com
mon Extraction, for which reafon few there
were that ftrove to get it. R  thought very
prudently: that in his prefent Circumftances he
was not oblig'd to mind fuch Scruples ; and he
fpoke to his Sifter, who was a Lady of the Bed-
Chamber to the Duchefs, of the Defign he had
to offer his Service. He actually did fo, and was
admitted. He perform'd the Duty of it a good
while, and the Princefs took no more Notice of
him than foe did of any of her other Officers.
What began to make him known was this. One day

302 PARIS.
day as the Princefs was going out foe obferv'd.
that R  Was not on horfeback by the fide" of
her Coach, as his Duty demanded of him ; and
fhe complain'd of it to the Duke de la Rochefou-
cault the Captain of her Guards. This Officer,;
who was fond of R  , and was, moreover,
naturally inclin'd to do him Service, faid to the
Princefs that R  was not well ; but fetting
his Indifpofition afide, as he had the Honor to
be a Gentleman, he thought it hard to ride like
a Stable-Boy by the fide of her Coach, while
feveral Officers of the Houfhold, who were not
equal to him, rode in the Coach that follow'd,;
The Duchefs of Berry, who was a kind Miftrefs,'
immediately gave Orders* that the Lieutenant
of her Guards fhould ride in the Waiting-Coach.
R  return'd her Thanks, and was more af-
fiduous than ever in his Attendance on her.
Madame de M- —  fpoke afterwards fo
much in Commendation of R——, that the
Princefs her felf talk'd with him feveral times,-
and was convinc'd that Madame de M— ¦- had
told her the Truth* and that R  deferv'd
her Favor. He was quickly Mafter of a fplen-
did Fortune, gay Furniture, Clothes and Equi
page ; and foe alfo preferr'd him to feveral Re
giments, which he always difpos'd of to his ad
vantage. To the Honor of R  be it feid,
that his Profperity did not make him a jot the
vainer ; he was ftill as good-natur'd and civil as
ever, his old Friends always found him the
fame, and very often he did them important
Services. He had afterwatds a Quarrel with the"
Regent, who caus'd him to be banifh'd from
his Regiment ; and during his Exile the Duchefe
of Berry died at la Muette, the 20th of July 4
1 7 19, aged only 24,
2 Mean!

Pari s. 303
Mean time the, King who had been at Paris
ever fince his Return from Vincennes, was remo
ved but of the hands of the Women into thofe
of the Men, and the Perfon appointed for his
Governor was (the: Marfoal -de Villeroyi The
Choice of him was the more applauded, becaufe
he was one of the old experienced Courtiers, 'and
a Man whofe Zeal and Attachment to the King's
Perfon no body queftion'd. The Conftitution of
this young Prince was fo tender, that they could
not be too careful of it. The Marfoal, as old
as he was, folly anfwer'd What was expected of -
him : He gave extraordinary Application to the
difcharge of his Duty, and was never out of
his Majefty's fight. This Nobleman's Poft be
ing the moft honorable that can be defir'd in
France, there quickly arofe envious Perfons* :
who ftrove, tho' in vain, to depreciate him in
the Efteem of the Public. They confefs'd that
he was a very proper Perfon to teach the young
Monarch to walk and make his Salute liked
King, to put his Hat on with a Grace, to accoft
a Lady in the politeft manner, and other things
of that- nature ; but that he was by no mearts
fit to infpire him with Ideas fuitable to his Rank*
and that he could never make him think like a
King. But the confequence fhew'd what the
Marfhal was capable of, and the young Prince
quickly, gave Proofs that he had learnt ofthe
Marfoal not only to walk* but to think like a
King. I remember one Paflage, which is a
very plain Indication of his being fully perfuaded
that he was the fole Mafter in his Kingdom*
and that there was no Perfon above him. When
Madame came to the Thuilleries, fhe made but a
very foort Vifit at Court, becaufe fhe went to
hear Mafs ', and fhe faid to the King as foe re^
tired.

304 Par is.
tired, Thai fhe. was going to wait on a greater
Lord than he. The young Prince feem'd a little
furpriz'd at firft, but after, a Moment's Reflexion
he made her Anfwery. Undoubtedly,. Madame, you.
are going to pray to God. Another day the.
French Comedians having play'd the Tragedy
of Athalia before his Majefty, 'tis feid the Prince
could not bear with any Patience to fee young
Joas feated on the Throne, for he had a Fancy
that he was a fecond King ; nor would he fo
much as applaud the Lad who fo perfectly well
play'd the Part of Joas. Thefe Paffages are a
fufficient Demonftration, that he had been infpiVd
with Sentiments fuitable to his Dignity ; and
that in time, perhaps, he will not be inferior in
any refpect to his Auguft Great Grandfather.
As to my own Affairs, I had the Mortifi
cation to find them ftill in the fame Situa-.
tion. 'Tis certain that no Solliciration was .
wanting on my part, nor Promifes on the part .
of the Regent ; but after all, nothing was con
cluded, and I was then not a whit forwarder
than when I arriv'd in France, tho' I had not
near fo much Money. Mean time I was too
earneft for entring into the Service to be difheart-
ned, and fhutting my Eyes againft the Im
probability of Succefs, I renew'dmy Sollicitation.
My Refidence at Paris being extremely ruinous
to, me, my particular Acquaintance could not.
conceive how I was able to fupport my felf.
Mademoifelle de Pollnitz foon heard that I had .
not yetobtain'd any thing in France, and that
neverthelefs I was obftinately .bent. on flaying -
there : She could not bear the Thoughts of the '
Expence, which fhe was fenfible I was oblig'd'
to be at ; and as my Eftate was entail'd upon
her, foe imagin'd that the Money I fpent in
' France

'5

Paris. j&i
France was-fo much taken out of her Peeked
She refolv'd therefore fo make me quit Paris,
knowing very Well that 'twas cheaper to live
elfewhere. For this end fhe defir'd the Princefs
de G— --, who correfponded by Letters with
Madame, to write to her Royal Highnefs, and
to intreat her to protect me no longer, becaufe
I did not deferve her Favors. The Letter was
accordingly written and fent to Madame, who
told me the whole Contents of it. 'Twas fo
well cook'd up, that my Coufin might boaft of
having a good Secretary. But her Royal High-
hefs afliir'd me, that this Letter fhould make no
Impreflion upon her, and that foe would always
be my Friertd. I moft humbly thank'd the
Princefs, withdrew in a terrible Pet with my
Coufin ; and in the firft tranfport of my Paffion
I wrote her a Letter, in which I did not fpare
her. As foe was really a Woman of very good
Senfe, foe anfwer'd me in the feme Style. I re
plied ; foe did the feme ; and thus we carried
on a Literary Correfpondence, in which there
were very pretty Sayings on both fides.
To compleat my Happinefs I Was afflicted
with a Redundancy of Choler* which was fol
low'd with the Jaundice, a Diftemper that brought
me to the very Brink of the Grave. My Friends
did not forfeke me ; and among others I may
fay, that I had more than ordinary Obligation
to the Abbe d'Asfeldt, who defir'd me to re
flect on my State ; and as he knew that I was
not a Roman Catholic, and that the Prejudices
in which I had been bred up, gave me great
Prejudice to the contrary Party* he conjur'd me
to permit him to difcourfe me about Religion,
only one Hour in a Day ; to which I confented
with pleafure. Every body knows with what
Vol. III. X an

3o6 Paris.
• .jrr
an Energy he fpeaks, and with what a winning
Grace. He continued his Vifits all the time of
my Sicknefs, which by degrees went quite off.
I was fo affected with what he faid to me, that
I promis'd him I would receive Inftruction
when I was recover'd ; and as foon as I got a-
broad, I was as good as my Word. He brought
me acquainted with Father Denis, a barefooted
Carmelite, who in fome Conferences with me
finifh'd what the Abbe d'Asfeldt had begun ;
fo that in a little time after, I made public
Profeffion of my Faith to Father Denis *, in
prefence of an infinite number of Perfons of
Quality. The Marquis d'Asfeldt and the Ab|be
his Brother were my Witnefles, and fign'd my
Confeffion of Faith along with me. When the
Ceremony was ended, I was accofted on all fides*
with Embraces from abundance of People, of
whom three parts in four were quite unknown'
to me ; yet their Zeal for Religion made them
fond of expreffing how glad they were to fee
me admitted into the Bofom of the Church.
I receiv'd the Communion the feme Week, up
on the Feftival of All-Saints : And at length I
waited on the Cardinal de Noailles, who made a
very fine Speech to me, exhorting me to conti
nue ftedfaft in the Religion that I had em
brac'd. The News of my Converfion was foon fpreadin
Germany, and Luther and Calvin themfelves could
not have exclaim'd againft it more than my good
Coufin did. The fame Princefs who had formerly
recommended me fo heartily to Madame, wrote to
* The Confefiion of Faith, as he deliver'd it fome time
after to the Cardinal  at Rome, is inferted at the end of
Vol- IV. by way of Jppendix.

Paris. 307
to her again to tell her,That fhe ought not to be fur-
prifed at my changing my Religion, and that 'twas
nothing but a Ceremony which I had perform'd
two or three times before. But tho' flie gave it
this Turn, it made little or no Impreflion upon
Madame. And for my own part I did not give
much heed to what my Enemies faid ; and that
I might not be in the way of hearing it, I left
off going to the Royal Palace, where Madame
refided after foe quitted St. Cloud.
I fpent the Winter of 1 7 1 7 very difagreeably,
that is to fay, I wanted Money ; and without
that current Metal, a Man may live as well in
the remoteft Defer't as in Paris. I was quickly
oblig'd to lay down my Equipage, and at laft to
fell fome of my Clothes to fatisfy my clamorous
Debtors : Yet for all this I could not ftave off an
Affront from one ofthem,who to be fure was more
hungry than the reft; for tho' he had promis'd
to give me a Month longer, he caus'd me to be
arrefted in the little Market of the Suburb of
St. Germain, and all at once was I hurried to
the Abbey. This might have prov'd a very fa
tal Misfortune to me, if I had not been affifted
that very day by M. de N  a Counfellor of
Parliament, to whom I fent word of it the
very Moment I was in Hold ; upon which he
came immediately, and offer'd his Bond for the
Debt: But my Creditor would hear of no Terms
except the Money down, and refus'd to take his
Security. M. de N- — was fo exafperated at
this Denial, that he wrote a Line to the Firft
Prefident defiring him to fet me at liberty,
which I obtain'd accordingly upon the Spot,
without Money, or fo much as giving the Cre
ditor any manner of Security. M. de N-  —
too, in order to oblige me to all Intents and Pur-
X 2 pofes,

$6$ Paris.
pofeS, was fo good as to get a Writ of Protecti
on for me,, after which my Creditors could not
touch me : And indeed, confidering the Situa
tion I was then in, that was the greateft piece
Of Service that could be done for me.
I was no fooner got out of this Scrape but I
fell into another, not altogether fo vexatious in
deed, yet very perplexing. In, my Vifits to the
Prefident de P-^—'s Lady, I became acquainted
at her Houfe with a Widow,' who tho' old,
ugly, covetous and filly, and to crown all, ter
ribly fond of Law, was fo rich, that all thofe a-
miable Qualities were over-look'd by a number
of pleafant Companions, who ftrove to make
Love to her, in hopes of contracting a Mar
riage which feem?d fo likely to make their For
tunes. The Widow could not tell how to fix
her Choice ; not that foe was averfe to Matri
mony, but the Conditions foe requir'd were fo
extraordinary, that the very mention of them
made her Gallants take their Leave of her. The
Prefident de P — 's Wife, who knew the Lady
very well, and my Circumftances even better,
advis'd me to try my Luck; and for my En
couragement fhe promis'd to ferve me : and ferve
me fhe did fo effectually, that the Lady was not
difpleas'd with the Pains which fhe perceiv'd I
took to make my felf acceptable to her. She
offer'd me an Apartment in her Houfe ; in foort,
fhe made me to underftand that I need not de
fpair of any thing. I had fome Reluctance to ac
cept of that Offer, altho' it was fo advantagious;
and for this Reafon chiefly, the Want of Money,
becaufe I did not care to be at her Houfe with
out being better equip'd. By good Luck my
Landlady, who was one of thofe intriguing
Dames with which Paris fwarlns, help'd me out of

Paris. 309
of this Difficulty. She difcover'd all in an In
ftant what was the matter, and in concert with
an Italian Valet de Chambre, who had liv'd
with me for fome time, foe help'd me without
any Difficulty to every thing that was neceffary
for my Appearance with Splendor. I then hir'd
more Servants, bought very fine Liveries ; in
foort, all my Equipage was in a few days more
gay than ever. 'Tis true it was all upon Tick ;
but our old Lady, as covetous as foe was, would
not let me fuffer upon that fcore. In the mean
time I had a very difficult Game to play ; for I
was oblig'd to counterfeit being over head and
ears in Love with the moft difagreeable Wo
man upon the Face of the Earth ; and at the
very time too when I was ftill courting Madame
de R—, who without difpute was as handfome a
Woman as any whatfoever. Nor was this all ; for
the old Lady, to be like the fine Women forfooth,
affected to be jealous ; and whenever I ventur'd
to leave her, which was but very feldom, fhe was
fore to fet on a Spy to watch me. We generally
went abroad together. By eight o'clock in the
Morning we us'd to be at the Palais importu
ning the Judges, or elfe provoking the Attorneys
and Sollicitors to fcold like Madmen. When
we had done there, the good Lady return'd
home and fat down to her Toilet, and I us'd to
fit by her in an Arm-chair till I was quite tir'd.
At firft indeed I had fome Pleafure in being fo
near a Spectator of the Art by which a very dif
agreeable Face may be fometimes made tole
rable. My old Lady's was all artificial from the
Forehead to the Chin ; and I queftion whether
a Picture takes up more Colours than foe made
ufe of to dawb her Features with ? Her Apparel
was rich, butasmuchdy'd and daubed as all the
X 3 reft.

310 Paris.
reft:. A Correfpondence fo tirefome as this was,,
gave me a horrid Difguft ; but yet when I re
flected what a Pafs I had reduc'd my felf to by
my Extravagance, I thought' it was not my In
tereft to break it off. I continu'd therefore to
play the Part of an amorous Suitor. A nd at
laft, fearing that I fhould fink under the Fa
tigue, I began to talk flrenuoufly of Marriage ;
but the good Lady ftill faid it was yet too foon,
and that fhe was willing to have further Tryal .
of me. She refolv'd at length to confent to it; but
'twas upon fuch extraordinary Terms, that really
I fhould have renounc'd any other Match upon
that fcore, if it had been twenty times more ad
vantagious. I refolv'd therefore to have no
more to fay to the filly Woman, and to retire.
I thought of making another Tour to Berlin to
fettle my Affairs, and to fell my Land if Ma
demoifelle de Pollnitz would give her Confent \
but I put off my Departure for a little time in
hopes of feeing the Czar of Mufcovy, who was
fhortly expected at Paris.
This Monarch, from no other Motive butCu-
riofity, came from one of the Extremities of Eu
rope to fee the Court of France. They would
have had him make a public Entry •, but he de
fir'd to be receiv'd without Ceremony. Verton
the. King's Chief Steward met him on the Fron
tier, and conducted hirn to Amiens, where the
Marquis de Nefle complimented him in the
Name of the King, and then went with him
halfway to Paris. The Marfoal de Teffe,who was
charged to accompany the Prince all the time
he was to ftay in France, went alfo to meet him.
The Czar arriv'd at the Louvre by ten o'clock
at Night, and was conducted to the Queen Mo
ther's Apartment, which had been fumptuoufly furnifh'd

Paris. 311
furnifo'd for his Reception. Some Moments
after his Arrival the Marfoal de Villeroy came
from the King to make his Excufes that he was
not at the Louvre to receive him, by reafon his
Majefty's tender Years and Conftitution did not
permit him to fit up fo late. They faid that the
Czar was not fatisfy'd with this Excufe, nor with
the Regent for not coming to meet him. 'Tis
certain that he appeared to be very much out of
Temper all the Evening, would eat no Supper,
and took but one Glafs of Beer : Nor would he
ftay at the Louvre, faying, That the Furniture
of his Apartment was too rich ; and that his At
tendants, who were not the moft cleanly, might
happen tofpoil it. 'Twasone o'clock in the Mor
ning when the Czar was pleas'd to foift his
Lodging, and the Marfoal de Teffe would have
been fadly put to it, had he not caus'd the Pa
lace of Lefdiguieres to be furnifo'd by way of
Precaution. The Czar thought this Houfe alfo
too richly furnifo'd, and notwithftanding all
they could fay he would not lie in a magnificent
Bed which was put up in the Apartment that
was to be his, but caus'd a little Bed to be fet
up for himfelf in the Wardrobe. Next day the
Regent came and paid him a Vifit, when the
Prince de Kourakin the Czar's Ambaflador to
Holland ferv'd for their Interpreter. The Vifit
lafted near an Hour, and there all the Cere
monial was fettled that was to be obferv'd to
the Ruffian Monarch.
After this the King went to feehim firft, being
accompanied from the Palace ofthe Thuilleries,
with the chief Lords and Officers ofthe Crown.
The Czar receiv'd his Majefty as he alighted
from the Coach, and took him in his Arms with
a Tranfport of Fondnefs ; at which the young
X 4 Monarch

<§n$£H»

't&fofrw&s

|j| BastsT
Mo4iVe¥'feeai^ &iffiM MfM'&bn
t& Czar, Thd$ifae <^m#rp$ia&tm
^Mif^afBm^;. yfaititewijIfcibMn.
-Ibhf'W '$lfty0 mabWDomimon^y.
c'hakje'ihe fifnl^efpeU paid to^hffavyk ffiM'mftlf,
"¦•andthaj he hadghien Orders- for the @m^S.mice
-iMwayti'fo give wafyW his. Tbei^fne \wcWMo-
^aWls went hand in hand into a- Gtemlkr%4ie1re
*twq'ChkiVs of State were plac'div-T'lieS-Cza-rvbi-
"t|k|^hefStr"artgerfate ohthe Right' Hand. -The
ispdkcfe Maine landkhe Marfoal de- Villeroy ftcfed
.%lted the King's Chair of State, and anfwerM
^rffcQ|itftionS: which the Ozapaflt'd^his Ma-
jeftyv ~After\afob|t Vifit the-'Kfog refe jrft,
- and;-wa5?^comp£mied to his Coach by the Czar,
who at tiMpg Leaveof his Majefty' caught him
"tip again in his Arms* and hoiftingtiim high e*than
h*s Head* faid, Hewiflf'-d that his Grandeunand
Peyser -might, furpafs '•that of the a
XIV, HeyhelpM the King^ntq his1
did not return till-itMoV'd1 off. ^-~ft*V
Next: day the Czar went to the ^Thuilleries
With the fame. Train as the King' , hasiwhen^he
goes abroad, and rode in the KingSs Coach at
tended by the chief Lords' of his. .Court,"1 who.
fat over againft him, and at the Coach-Doors.
As foon as he ente»'d the Court* the King went
to, the G^te of the Caftle, receiv'd him at nfeis.
"landing, and then conducted him to his Ap&rt^.
mertt, always giving the Czar the Right Halad,
I i>ever few more People at th&30ftilleries than
there were on that day, infomwsto^at the two
Monarchs had fearce room to?fi^ otlfhe Czar
foew'd_^ prodigious' Care of the l^rigo'Ikept film
?.tp by one pfaud, and wav'Gbntihk^otherdtQ
.Keep off fuch as were apt toueppdd too mear
iuteii Af(;er' st Vifit nq longer than,, that7 which.

B? A R I §? 313
the King BSiadti to the Prince, his Majefty re
conducted him to the Coach, and the Czar re
turn'd to his Houfe with the fame Train that
bad accompanied him, .When that Prince re
turn'd to his Apartment, he told the Marfoal,
That he was very much furpriz'd at the infinite
Croud of People in the- way. To which the
Marfhal made Anfwer, That the French had fa
great a Veneration, for his Perfon, andfo high an
: Idea of Mi.- illuftrlom Qualities, that no wonder
L they were, fo eager." to. fee a Prince, who they knew
beforehand was deferving of their Admiration.
The Czar > feem'd very well pleas'd with this
Anfwer, yet. he defir'd* That for the future,
when he went, ..abroad, the People might be ob
lig'd to keep, out of his way. He paid a Vifit
next day to the Regent and to Madame. The lat
ter talk'd • to him for two Hours in High-
Dutch, and the Czar anfwer'd the Princefs in
Low-Dutch., When he was withdrawn he faid
to M. de S  , That Madame was extremely
inquifitive ; that foe wanted to know every thing j
and that foe had afk'd him too many Queftions; but
that after all, he told her no more than what he
was willing floe foould know.
: The Czar was very curious to fee every thing
that was worth feeing in and about Paris. He
inform'd himfelf of every thing, and took care
to write every thing in his Pocket-book that he
thought remarkable. He rofe at Day-break, and
rambled about from one Place to another till
Night. To prevent all manner of Incumbrance
he chofe to make ufe of none but the Marfoal de
fpeffe's Coaches, tho' that Nobleman would have
been well enough contented without fuch Pre
ference, becaufe he kill'd feveral of his Horfes ;
and the poor . Marfhal himfelf muft have funk
under

314 P A R 1 s,
under the Fatigue of the perpetual Motion that
he was oblig'd to, if the Czar had ftaid' mudh
longer ; but this Monarch loft no time, and ex-
amin'd every thing with equal Nicety and Dif-
patch, becaufe he intended to begone as foon
as he had fatisfy'd his Curiofity.
The Court fpar'd nothing to pay this Prince
all due Honors. The Regent for this purpofe
order'd a general Review of all the King's Houf
hold Troops, and of the French and Swifs
Guards in the Walks of Roule and in the Ely-
fian Fields. The Czar repair'd thither on horfeback,
and 'twas expected he would have ftaid out the
whole Review ; but he only rode brifkly in the
Front of the firft Line, without calling his Eyes
onthe Troops, and then clapping Spurs to his
Horfe, without paying any Compliment to the
Regent, he return'd full Gallop to Paris. From
thence he went directly to St. Ouen, where the
Duke de Trefmes, Firft Gentleman of the Bed-
Chamber* and Governor of Paris, gave him an
Entertainment, with which he feem'd better
pleas'd than with the Review. He was- loth to
confent to the Admiffion of the Ladies into the
Orangery where the Table was fpread, and only
fpoke to Madame de Bethune, Daughter of the
Duke de Trefmes, for which Diftinction foe was
oblig'd to M. de Bethune, who having been a
good while in Poland, talk'd the Polifh 'Lan
guage very well, which procur'd him the Ho
nor of being able to converfe with his Czarifo
Majefty. The chief Noblemen, after the Ex
ample of the Duke de Trefmes, made Entertain
ments for the Ruffian Monarch. The Duke Re
gent alfo prepar'd a Grand Feaft for him at St. Cloud;
but juft as the Czar was fetting out from Paris,
he was feiz'd with a violent Fit of the Cho- lic,

Paris. 315
lie, which hinder'd his going abroad ; nor do I
know that he had a Sight of the Caftle of St.
Cloud at all. He feem'd to be more delighted with
Verfailles than any other Place, infomuch that he
caus'd a Plan of it to be taken, and faid, He would
have a Building fomething like to it erebled in his
own Country. With this View he engag'd Work
men of all forts, and promis'd them great Ad
vantages to encourage them to go to Mufcovy.
A great number fuffer'd themfelves to be taken
in, and the Regent confented to let them go
out of the Kingdom ; but we are affur'd that
the Promifes made to them were not perform'd,
and the Generality thought themfelves very hap
py when they were return'd to France. This
Prince was not liberal ; and what Prefents he
made were only valuable as they came from fo
great a Prince. I faw a poor Soldier ofthe In
valids make him a Prefent of a Plan of that
Hofpital, which had coft him ten Years Labor ;
but tho' the Prince feem'd to think it a fine
Piece, yet the Soldier had a very fmall Reward.
The King of France, however, made him a
noble Prefent, and thereby convinc'd him how
different the Temper of the French was from
that of the Mufcovites. The Czar, in fhort, re
turn'd towards his Dominions very well fatif-
fy'd with France, and went firft to Holland
where the Czarina ftaid for him ; and from
thence he proceeded by Land to Peterjbourg.
The Czar's Refidence in France had brought
fuch a vaft Number of Foreigners to Paris,
that the Citybeing more populous than ever, new
Pleafures were thought of to divert them. A
private Gentleman made a Propofal to me,
which if I could have fucceeded in, would have
been of very great Service to me at that Juncture ;
for

3*6 Par is.
for it was to put a confiderable Sumv of Money
in my Pocket, if I could obtain a" Patent for li-
cenfirtg Balls and Plays in the Elyfian Fields,
where the Projector wou'd have erected Booths
for that purpofe. I fpoke of this to the Regent,
who, according to his Cuftom, promis'd me the
Grant at the firft Word ; but M. d'Argenfm,
who was then only Lieutenant of the Police,
made him foon alter his Mind ; for he reprefen
ted to his Royal Highnefs, that fuch Balls woifld
infallibly be attended with great DiforderSi The
Objection was fpecious, and like enough to be
true ; but after all, fuch a Licence would not
have increas'd the Diforder very much, efpecially
at a Place where 'twas for along time the Fa-
. fhion to take the Air in the Night, fo that there
Were often more Coaches in the Courfe or Ring
afterMidnight, than in the Day-time.11 Befides,
a way might be found to avoid all the Diforders
that could poffibly be forefeen. ButM. d"Argenfon
was a Man that neither lov'd Novelties* nor Op
portunities of obliging. I was the better pleas'd
with this Project, becaufe if it had taken,- I few
that I fhould be ina Condition totlay fome time
longer at Paris, and to live in a genteel manner.
But at laft, when I faw it defeated,- T'thoughtof
nothing but returning to Berlin.' While I was
putting every thing In order for my Journey, I
few the Count de Roihenbourg at Pariz, -wtio was
come from Berlin, and to return thither ftwtly
with a Commiffion on fome" Affairs of France.
This Gentleman, who encourag'd me in my De
fign to go thither, affur'd me that it would be
the eafieft matter in the World for me to fell
tny Lands; that the King had juft erected Fiefs j
and that he gave every Man leaVe to difpofe of
his Eftate ; nay more, he offer'd to cany me along with

Paris, Strasbourg. 317
with him, and toadvance me what Money I wan
ted. I thought all thefe to be very advantagi
ous Propofals ; but they were Words without
Deeds. 'Tis true he lent me Money, that is to
fay,- Government Bills ; but taking an advantage
of the Neceflity he found me in, oblig'd me to
conclude one ofthe moft fatal Bargains I ever
made in my Life. I difcountjed my Bills, that is
to fay, I loft confiderably by them, and with
the refidue qf the Money I fet out from Paris to
StrafboUrg,- where M. de Rothenbourg had ap-
pointedrfo meet me : But for his part he went by
the way of^Burgundy, where he had an Eftate ;
fo that Ijftaid for him near a Month,, which
furely I fhould not have done if I had been in
Galh. When he came he told me, That 'twas
. impoffible for him to carry me with him to Berlin,
1 becaufe he had no room in his Coach. Tis true
that it was full, but there were fome People in
it, whom it would have better become to have
got up behind. I was by this means under an
indifpenfable Neceflity to ftay at Strafbourg, till
I had a fufficient Remittance from Berlin, to
enable me to continue my Journey, without be
ing beholden to any body.
I did not repent my Stay at Strasbourg ;
for tho' I fiad been at it before, yet I never was
there long enough to make any Obfervation
upon the Remarkables of the Place., Strafbourg
* is one of the beft Cities in Europe. 'Tis the
Capital of Alface, and was conquer'd by Lewis
XIV. in 168*2, without any. Expence but of
Menaces and Money. That Monarch fortify'd
it confiderably, and catjs'd a Citadel and Arfenal
to be built there, which are Monuments worthy , of
* Sec Vol. I. p. 305, C5V,

3i 8 Strasbourg.
of a Great King. The Cathedral Church has not
its equal for its Bulk and Grandeur. The Doors
are of Brafs, and very well wrought. There's a
Pyramidal Spire 574 Foot high, which is a very
noble Piece of Work. The Great Clock is alfo
worth feeing. I was furpriz'd to fee the great
number of Wheels and Machines that give Mo
tion to all the Conftellations, and turn the
Needles, which upon Dials of feveral forts
mark the Hours of the Day and Night, with the
Courfe of the Moon and the other Planets. In
the Veftry of this Church, which is very rich,
are moft fumptuous Altar-Ornaments and Copes.
TheEpifcopal Palace which joins to the Church
is indeed a very commodious, but not a magni
ficent Building, tho' it ftands upon a confiderable
Spot of Ground, whereon a fine Structure might
be erected ; but there's no Appearance that fuch
a thing will be undertaken yet a while, becaufe
the Cardinal de Rohan now Bifhop of Strafbourg,
who would be the propereft Perfon for it in the
whole World, refides but little at Straflbourg,and
juftly prefers Saverne to it, where he has a moft
ftately Palace.
Strafbourg was formerly an Imperial City, the
Magiftrates whereof were Lutherans, but now
the Catholics are the Matters, and have exclu
ded the Lutherans from all manner of Employ
ment. The King of France keeps a ftrong Gari-
fon in it, and the Commandant here for the King
' is the Marfoal de Bourg. This Nobleman lives
more retir'd than is ufual for People that are in
Power. The Officers go to him very often in
the Morning, when the Marfoal makes them
fit down in a Circle, where I have feen fuch a
Silence obferv'd, that if Foreigners were Wit-
nefles of it, they would not twit the' French with

Strajsbourg, Hanau. 319
with having too much Clack. This Levee
us'd to hold about half an Hour, after which
every one went to dinner where he pleas'd, the
Marfoal only keeping a Table for Grand Fefti-
vals, or when any Perfon of Diftinction arriv'd
from the Court of France, which is very rare,
except when the Cardinal de Rohan is at Straf
bourg. When his Eminency is there, a great deal
of Company follows him, and he lives with an
Air of Grandeur foitable to his Birth and Dig
nity. Add to this, that there is not any Noble
man, perhaps, that is of a more courteous and
polite Deportment. When this Prelate is not at
Strafbourg the Place is very melancholy, efpeci
ally for fuch as dort't run into the common De
baucheries of Youth ; for the latter indeed always
find wherewith to amufe themfelves : and indeed
I have obferv'd with my own Eyes that the
young Fellows of Strafbourg are very debauch'd,
and the Ladies very gentle.
After I had ftaid a while at Strafbourg, I re
ceiv'd News at laft from Berlin, together with
Money to proceed in my Journey. I made
hafte thro* the Cities of Heidelberg'*, Darmftad
and Francfort, and ftopt at Hanau, where I
hadtheHonor of paying my Compliments to the
Count of that Name, who commonly refides
there. He married a Princefs of Brandenbourg-'
Anfpach, Sifter to the Princefs of Wales, by
whom he has had but one Daughter, married
to the Hereditary Prince of Heffe-Darmftad, fo
that the Family of Hanau is like to be extinct in
the Perfon of this Count. A part of his Terri
tories, viz. thofe which are Fiefs of the Em
pire, will revert to the Landgrave of Heffe-Caffel,
* See Vol. I. p. 360.

320 Hanau, FuldtL-
Caffel, according to Conventions which this
Prince has made with the King of Poland, who
was Heir to a good Part of the County of Ha
nau as Elector of Saxony j but the latter fold all
his Pretenfions to the Landgrave.
The City of Hanau * ftands near the Maine,
and is diftinguifo'd into the Old and New Towns.
The new Town owes its Foundation to the
Walloon Proteftants, who came to fettle in this
County during the Religious Wars in the Ne
therlands. The Streets of this Quarter, which is
the fineft ofthe two, are broad, and as ftrait as a
Line, and the Architecture of the Houfes on
both fides is almoft the fame. A very exact Po
lice Is obferv'd in it, as well for the Neatnefs of
the Streets, as for the Security ofthe Inhabitants.
This Count's Predeceffors eftablifti'd feveral Ma
nufactures at Hanau ; and here is a confiderable
Trade in Snuff and Woollen Stuffs. The French
Refugees have contributed not a little to render
this City much more confiderable than it was be
fore. The Caftle or Palace of the Count is in the
Old Town ; and he has another Houfe at the
Gates ofthe Town call'd Philip's-Ruhef, the A-
partmentsof which are very fine and nobly fur
nifo'd, and the Gardens are of a grand Tafte,
and a very advantagious Situation.
From Hanau I went to Fulde, an Abbat*s
Town of the E/npire, in which ftands the fa
mous Abbey of Fulde ofthe Order of St. Bene
dict. The Fryars are all Gentlemen by fixteen
Defeents. The Abbat is elected by his Fryars*
and has the Title .of Primal of the Abbat s,
Prince of the Empire, and Hereditary Chancel lor
* See Vol. I. p. 360,
+ Sec Vol.1./. 361-
2

Fulde," Eisenach, Got ha. 321
lor of the Emprefs. The Perfon who is now
vefted with that Dignity is of the Family of
Butler. He maintains a great Court and feveral
Regiments ; fo that he lives abfolutely like a
Temporal Prince, i fhould have lik'd his Re
ception of me very well, if he had not made me
drink fo hard, that if I had ftaid there longer, my
next journey might probably have been a vaft
way beyond Berlin. *Tis my Opinion, Things
duly confider'd, that there's no need of any ex- '
traordinary Vocation to be a Fryar at Fulde; for
thofe Gentlemen enjoy every thing that a Man
would wifh for in a genteel Life. The Houfe
they dwell in is more like the Palace of a great
King than a Convent ; and the Abbey-Church,
and another" lately built without the Town, may
be reckon'd among the nobleft Buildings in Ger
many. .
. From Fulde I went to Eisenach *, thro' the
moft deteftable Roads that I ever travell'd.
Eifenach ftands upon the River Nefe, at the feet
of horrible Mountains. 'Tis the Seat of the
Duke of Saxe-Eifenach of the Weimar-Branch,
who being abfent at that time,. I had not the
Honor to fee him..
I proceeded from Eifenach to Goth a -J", the
Refidence. of the Duke of &dxe-Gotb~a, who i&
the moft powerful Prince of Saxony, next -to
the Elector. He is defcended from the 'unfor
tunate John-Frederic Elector of $axony,~-w ho Was
put- under the Ban ofthe Empire, andtdepfriv'd
of his Electorate by Charles V, 'The. Town
Is -well built, and the Duke-'s .Palace,' which is fo-
parate from it, is furrounded with Ramparts.'^
Vol. HI. ... ikr¥, From
* See Vol. I. p. 183.
+ See Vol. I. p. i-pi-

322 Erfurt, L e i p s i e.
From Gotha I went to ErfukIt *, a City
which formerly Was dependent onthe Family of
Saxony, who by a folem'n Treaty yielded it to
the Elector of Mentz in 1 66$ ; and' it now be^
longs to the prefent Elector of that Name. The
Inhabitants have made feveral Attempts to fhake
off their Dependency upon that Elector, who; on
. his part has not been wanting in Meafures to
i- make them eafy ; and has made- confiderable
Fortifications to the Caftle, in which. he main
tains a good Garifori. The To Wii " is large, aftd
contains fine Churches, of which the Cathedral
.is remarkable for its Bulk : This' Church had
formerly a moft magnificent Steeple ; but fome
years ago the Spire was entirely confumed by
Lightning. '_ '' Ul
From Erfurt X went to LeiHic t> one 'of
the moft confiderab'e Cities in the Electorate 'of
Saxony, and of^ fpecial Note for its Univerfity
and its Fairs. The former, which wasr founded in
1408, by Frederic the Warrior, has always
fupported it felf with Reputation, nptwithftand-
ing the Neighbourhood of the Univerfity of
Hall. The Situation of Leipfic is charming, and
which way foever one enters it, there are beauti -
ful Floufes and Gardens kept in excellent Or
der. The Bofes and Appel, Merchants of Leip
fic have .Gardens at the Gates of the Town, in
which they have laid out furprizi'ng Sums of Mo
ney : Appel efpecially has a Garden which a
Prince need not be afoam'd of. Befides' thefe
Gardens here arc Walks, which are riot the lefs
agreeable for being natural. Here is a remark
able Wood, which is called in the Language of
the
* See Vo), I. /. 178. ,
* See Vol. I. p. 83.

Leipsic, Berlin. 323
ofthe Country Rofendahl, i. e. the Vale of ' Rofes.
It confifts of fourteen Walks, with, a great
, Meadow in the Middle. Each "Walk has' at
noble Point of View, and they are all agreeably
diverfify'd. The Infide of Leipfic is perfectly
anfwerable to the Out-parts : The Streets are
very even, and the Houfes large and Well-built.
The only fault I found with them is, that they
are too much charg'd with Sculpture, and not
duly proportion'd : They are all very lofty, and
,for the Generality five or fix Stories high. The,
Rents of them, are very dear, and at the time of
the Fairs there's fuch a Refdrt of Merchants hi
ther from ail parts, that 'tis very difficult to get
a Lodging. When I came thither 'twas Michael
mas Fair; at which time the King of Poland
Wasthere. This Prince when he comes to Leip
fic does not lodge in the Caftle, tho' it has
very commodious Apartments, but refides in
fhe Houfe of Appel, the Merchant whom I juft
now mention'd, who is Proprietor of one of
the fineft Gardens thereabouts. That King
gives the Preference to his Houfe, becaufe 'tis
hear the Place, where the Fair is kept. So
much, Madame, for what is chiefly remarkable
at Leipfic. .
I made no long flay there, becaufe I was im
patient to return to Berlin. At my firft Ar
rival there I liv'd very retir'd. I forefaw the
little Satisfaction I had to expect at that Court*
which ma.de me refolve not to be feen there,
Neverthelefs I could not conceal my felf long j
for the Favors with which the Margravine
Dowager had always honor'd me, obliged me to
pay my Refpects to that Princefs, who receiv'd
me very kindly, arid foon after fpoke of me to
his. Majefty in fo favorable a Manner* that he
Y 2 ' was

324 Berlin.
was defirous to fee me ; and he fent M. de Grum* ,
kau to bid me wait on him at Charlottenbourg, and
to fend in my Name to him by Aft, one of his
Valets de Chambre. I could have been very
glad to have been, excus'd from paying Obedi
ence to that Order ; but it was too punctual,
his Majefty having actually appointed the , Hour
that I was to appear before him. On the Day
fix'd I therefore went to Charlottenbourg, and
fent for Aft, who came and conducted me to
a Gallery, where he bade me wait a little time ;
but I had not been there a Quarter of an Hour
when the King enter'd it, attended by la Four-
cade, Major-General and Commandant of Ber
lin. His Majefty came up directly to me, and
afk'd me, with a good deal of Vivacity, From
whence I came, and what was the Caufe of my
Return to Berlin ? I made anfwer, That I was
come laft from France, and that my domeftic Con
cerns had brought me back to Berlin. His Ma
jefty, who proceeded to enquire into my Af
fairs, feem'd well enough pleas'd with the An-
fwersl had the Honor of making to him, and
turning towards la Four cade, faid to him, That
he fhould never have known me, if he had not been
appriz'd who I was beforehand : And then he
faid to me, That he fhould hereafter look on me
no other than as a Frenchman. I made anfwer,
That I fhould think my felf very unfortunate if
his Majefty fhould look on me in that Light ; and
that let me be at ever fuch a Diftance from his
Perfon and his Dominions, I fhould always be
ambitious of calling my felf his Subject ; and that
I fhould conftantly preferve the fame Sentiments of
Refpecl and Loyalty to my King and Country, in
which I had been educated. The King then
afk'd me, Whether I had any Intention to fell my

Berlin. 325
my Eftate ? I confefs'd to hifn, That I had na
other Remedy left to enable me to fatisfy my Cre
ditors ; and I actually entreated him to interpofe
his Authority to procure the Confent of Ma
demoifelle dePollnitz to the Sale of it. The
King faid to me, That he would give his Orders
to M. de C- , to engage her to hearken to'
Reafon ; and then he very gracioufly difmifs'd"
me. I went back to Berlin, and did not fail to re
turn Thanks to the Margravine for the good
Offices fhe had done me with the King. The
Queen returning fome few days after th's from
Charlottenbourg to Berlin, I had the Honor to
pay my Refpects to her, and was kindly receiv'd.
It was quickly blaz'd after what Manner I had
been receiv'd by their Majefties, which was
Reafon enough to engage the Courtiers to fhew
irie that Complaifance, which otherwife I durft
not have expected. I took little notice, how
ever, of thofe Gentlemens Compliments, but
prepar'd my felf for finifhing the Grand Affair
for which' I was come. I caus'd advantagious
Offers to be made to Mademoifelle de Pollnitz,
to gain her Confent. The King order'd a Let
ter to be Wrote and fent to her at Hanover, to
deterriiine her in my Favor; afliiring her at the
fame time, 'That he thought my Propofals very
reafonable ;] and that her Acceptance of them would
do him a Pleafure. I alfo went my felf to Ha
nover, to try if I could perfuade her : But nei
ther the Vifits I made to her upon the Affair,
not thofe fo powerful Recommendations of it,
had any Effect ; and flie continu'd obftinate in
her Refufal.
At my Return from Hanover, the King fent
me an Order to wait on him. I was intro-
Y 3 duc'd

3;:2'6"^v B E R L I N. v
duc?d by one of his Favorites into the Clofet
where his Majefty us'd to fmoak. The King.
was then playing at a Game with Tables call'd'
Tick-tack, the Prince of Anhalt.. ¦ Velt-Marfhal,;
and feveral other Generals and Officers being
prefent. The King rofe up as foon as the Game
was ended, came to me and talk'd with a me
for a while very gracioufly., And then fitting,
down, he order'd all that were in Company to
take their Seats. Every one took his Place
¦without obferying any Rank. The King fmoak-
ed, as did moft of the Gentlemen in the Clofet ;
but by good Luck no body offer'd me a Pipe,
which I was very glad of, becaufe I could ne
ver fmoak in all my Life. The King talk'd tq
me a great deal about my Affairs ; and in parti
cular about the Sale of my Eftate. ; 'Twas not
long before -I perceiv'd that my Coufin had
brought the King over to her Intereft ; for as
foon as my Land came to be the Topic of Con-
verfation, he told me in very plain Terms, That
it would be very wrong for me to part with it,
even tho' my Coufin were to give her Confent to if;
that inftead' of paying my Debts with the Pur chafe-
Money, I would be apt to fquander it in my Plea
fures ; that 'twas high time to think of fome, Em
ployment to enable me to pay my Debts, without
felling my Eftate. He added, That if, neverthe
lefs, I perfified in my Refolution to fell it, he would
write again to Mademoifelle- de Pollnitz ta per-
fwade her to confent to it ; and that this was the
utmoft that he could do for me, as Affairs ftood ;
fince it would be an Injuftice to. compel her to give
a' Confent to any thing that foe imagin'd. would be
to her prejudice. After a little, farther Difeourfe
with me about im domeftic Affairs, his Maje
fty talk'd to me of the Report current at Berlin, That

Berlin. 327
That I had chang'd my Religion , and afk'd me,
Whether 'twas ¦ really true, that I was turn'd Pa-
pift. I told him, That I was of the Religion of
my ArceftorS.- Here I will acknowledge to my
foame, that I had not Courage enough to make
public Declaration that I Was a Catholic. Be
fides, I hoped in fo prefling a Dilemma to get
off by a double; Entendre ; which is a Rule a-
dOpted by-the Doctors themfelves. The double.
Entendre confifted in that, when I faid I was
ofthe Religion of my-Anceftors, I meant that
Which was formerly profefs'diby my Grandfather
and Great-Grandfather ; and indeed all my An-
ceftors were Catholics. :~My Grandfather him"
felf was a Catholic once* tho' he embrac'd the
heW Religion, to fwim with the Stream. The
King, who concluded from what I feid, that I
was ftill a Proteftant, did not prefs me farther
upon that Head ; but the Prince of Anhalt was
iioHo eafily fatisfy'd; for he gave the King to un
derftand that he believ'd the Reports of my hal
ving chang'd my Religion, were but too true,
and he actually faid to his Majefty That the only
way to be fure of the Truth of what I had affirm' d,
would be to give me the Sacramental Teft in the
Church of the Dome. The K ing was alfo of that O-
pinion, neverthelefs it did not take effect. At
our leaving the King, the Prince of Anhalt, who,
'tis' like, wanted to get a real Confeffion. from
me, that I had chang'd my Religion, charg'd it
home upon my Confcience, and blam'd me very
much for not having own'd. that I was a Catho
lic. But" as I could not be certain what was the
Prift of thofe Remonftrances, I was fo far from
declaring my Mind to that Nobleman, that I
ftill continu'd in the Negative.
Y 4 The

328 Berlin.
¦ The Audience which I had ofthe King gain'd
me his Good-will ; and he one day fpokefo ho
norably of me in prefence of the Courtiers, that
my Friends advis'd me to ftrike in with this Ray
of Favor, and petition him for fome Employ
ment. I follow'd their Advice* arid wrote ac
cordingly to the King, who was then at Potz
dam. Two Days after I fent my Letter, I receiv'd
an Anfwer, fign'd with his Majefty's own Hand,
which was drawn up in thefe Terms ;
I received your Letter of the a.th of January,
(17 18) and for Anfwer I affure you, that I grant
you the firft Penfion of Gentleman of the Bed-Cham
ber that fhall happen to be vacant.-
FREDERIC- WILLIAM.
I had fuch a grateful Senfe of his Majefty's
kind Intentions towards me, that as foon as he
was return'd to Berlin, I did not' fail to go and
thank him. His Majefty was fogood as to fay,
That the Trifle he had now granted me was not
worth Thanh. I thought, Madame, that this
was a very hopeful Beginning for a Man not
us'd to fee his Undertakings crown'd with Suc-
tefs. The Courtiers ftrove who fhould be moft
complaifant to me ; and I receiv'd Compliments
from all hands, which fully perfuaded me, that
I was in high Favor : But my Stare; did not in
dulge me long with this Calm ; and a Storm foon
arole, which drove me farther out of Port than
I was before. It was owing to the following
Accident. In the beginning of the Year 171 8, the King
recall'd M. de Kniphaufen his Envoy in France,
with a defign to nominate another in > his room.
Several

Berl-in» 329
Several Perfons follicited for this Poft ; but I
thought my felf as well qualify'd for it as the beft;
and to pave the way for it, I propos'd to feve
the Government a great deal of Charge, by con- •-
tenting myfelf With an Abatement of two hundred
Crowns per Month lefs than the ufual Salary.
This Propofal was fo well relifo'd by M,de
Grumkau the Minifter of State, that he protect
ed me, and undertook to recommend me to the
King: I alfo fpoke of it my felf to M. d' Ilgen,
the Minifter for Foreign Affairs, whofe Daugh
ter was married to the faid M. de Kniphaufen. I
gave this Minifter to underftand, that L fhould
never have had a Thought of afking for this
Place, if I had not been fatisfy'd, that M..de
Kniphaufen himfelf had deflred to be recalled. M.
d' Ilgen receiv'd me with the utmoft Civility, and
promis'd with an Oath to ferve me upon this
Occafion ; adding, that he could not exprefs his
Happinefs in having fuch an Opportunity to dif-
cover the Refpect and Veneration which he had
for my Family. Such extraordinary Complai
fance in a Courtier made me fufpect the Sincerity
of his Intentions, and I was quickly convinc'd
that my Jealoufy was but too well founded.
When my Audience was over, this Minifter
would needs Wait on me to the Door : I oppos'd
it as much as I could, but when I faw it was to
no purpofe I gave him his way, and he attend
ed me to the very Door of my Coach. I us'd
: many words with him upon his own Threihold,
and begg'd him not to go a Step farther, efpe
cially as it rain'd very hard, which you'll fay
was Reafon enough of it felf to have engaged
him to retire : Yet it all fignify'd nothing, he
would not abate an Ace of his Complaifance, but
ftiffly flood it out by the fide of my Coach,, till it

3$°* -~ J$ E R L I N.- „--
it mov'doff. This, .however, was all the Se,r^,
vicehe did me; for inftead of ferving me with the'
King, I knew from good Hands, that he acted
the Reverfe. I was told that he was not pleas'd
with me for defiring lefs Salary than his Son-in-
law. had, who, when he was.at Paris, was con
tinually writing to Berlin, that bis Allowance
was not fufficient to maintain him.
To compleat»my Happinefs, the King receiv'd
an anonymous Letter, affuring him that I was
a true Catholic ; and to inforce the Belief of ^ it,
there was added to. the Letter an authentic Cer
tificate -from Father; Draw, before whom I had
,made the Confeflion of my Faith. ;The King
exprefs'd his Refentment againft me, and com-
> plain'd that I had impos'd upon him.., Several
People alarm 'd me. with more Danger than there
was in reality ; however, I was not frighten'd
at firft, for I fufpected that the only Aim ofthe
general Talk was to hinder me from going to
Court, and did not think that the King was fo an
gry as they gave out, till at laft I was appriz'd
that his Majefty had fome Thoughts of putting
„ me under an Arreft. The Perfon who came to
bring me this Intelligence was H  , who was
very well with M  the King's Favorite ;
and I gave the more Credit to it, becaufe I did
not think that; he could be fo difoonorable as to
attempt to do me an ill Office. This H — '—•
Was a poor Wretch, who after having fpent a
. handfome Fortune, ,ha,d a very fmall Penfion,
...Wfhich the King gave him, for having executed
a Commiffion at Stralfund with, the King of
Sweden, which few but himfelf would have ac
cepted. As his Penfion. was too pitiful to fob-
fifthim,, feveral Perfons reliev'd him ; and I
Wjill, venture to fey, That tho'. I was' not in! Very eafy

Berlin, Mentz. 331
eafy Circumftances my felf, yet I was fome
Support to him. Neverthelefs, I can with
Truth declare it, that he requited me with In
gratitude. : He came to me with an Aggrava
tion of that piece of Intelligence, which when
all was faid and done, was not of fuch a Nature
as to drive me from the Court ; but his manner
of divulging it, made me believe I was ruin'd
paft Recovery, if I perfifted in flaying at Ber
lin. He came one day into my Chamber with
a moft dejected Air, and told me, That he had
been juft inform'd by M. de M— — , that as foon
as the King was returned, I foould infallibly be
arrefted ; and at the fame time he put on fuch
an external Appearance of Concern to fee me
oblig'd to fly, that I took all he faid for Gofpel.
I refolv'd therefore to be gone ; but the Difficul
ty was to raife Money, which I had no means
of doing but by making a great many difadvan-
tagious Contracts, whereby I was a very great
Sufferer in the Sequel.
After I had made Money of every thing I fet
put in the Night from Berlin, leaving word at
home that I was bound to Hanover ; but as foon
as I was got out of Town I fteer'd my Courfe
for Leipfic, where I ftaid a few days, and then
went to Mentz, where I had a Coufin in the
Elector's Service, who entertain'd me as a good
'Kinfman would do, and introduc'd me to his
Mafter, who gave me a moft gracious Recep
tion. I have already had the Honor to tell you
of the Prerogatives ofthe Elector of Mentz at the
Coronation of an Emperor. It only remains for
me to fpeak to you of his Perfon. He was Fran-
cis-Lotharius of Schonborn, of the Illuftrious Fa
mily ofthe Counts of Schonborn. Befides the Arch-
bifhopric of Mentz, he, had alfo the Bifhopric of
Bamberg.

3,32 _Me. NT z.
Bamberg. He had then two Coadjutors, the E-
Jector of Triers Count Palatine of the Rhine for
Mentz ; and the Count de Schonborn, Vice-Chan
cellor of the Empire, for Bamberg. He might
then be about feventy Years of Age. 'He was
a Prince of a noble Afpect, affable, ador'd by
both his Doriieftics and his Subjects, and very
hearty for every thing that might coriftibute fo
the Tranquillity and Honor ofthe Empire. The
City of Mentz is oblig'd to him for the noble
Works with which he has caus'd it to be forti-'
fy'd ; for it may be faid he has fpar'd no Coft
to put his Capital in foch a State as to have no
thing to fear from Foreigners.
Mentz * ftands upon a rifing Ground along
the Rhine, in one ofthe fineft Parts of Germany.
'Twas formerly no more than a Bifhopric Suffra
gan to Triers, but Pope Zachary, or as fome fey
Gregory ill. erected it into an Archbifhopric, and
granted him at the feme time the Primacy ofthe
Churches of Germany. 'Tis faid that the firft
Bifhop of Mentz, who was honor'd with the Dig
nity of Elector, was nam'd Willigife,. and that he
was the Son of a Cartwx'ight, or, as others fay, a
Carman of the Village of Schoningen in the
Country of Brunfwic, He advanc'd himfelf
purely by his own Merit to the Dignity of Chan
cellor to the Emperors Qtho III. and Henry II.
and finally to that of Archbifoop of Mentz. But
in all the height of his Fortune this Prelate con
tinued in fuch an humble Frame of Mind that he
caus'd Wheels to be painted every whereabout
his Palace, that he might have the Badges ofthe
Meanncfs of his Extraction always in his Eye& :
And we are affur'd this is the Reafon why the
Electors
* See Vol. II. /• 353.

Mentz, Stutgard. 333
Electors of Mentz always bear in their Arms a
Wheel Argent in a Field Gules.
The Chapter of Mentz con lifts of forty two
Canons, of whom the Dean and the twenty three
firft are call'd Capitulars, and the other Domicel-
laires. The former only are thofe that elect the
Archbifoop, who from the Moment that he is
chofe, becomes an Elector of the Empire. The
Pope confirms his Election in Spirituals, and the
Emperor does the fame in Temporals. The E-
lector becomes at the fame time Great Chancellor
ofthe Empire of Germany, which gives him the
Title of perpetual Dean of the Electors, and an
Infpection into the Aulie Council and the Impe
rial Chamber of Wetzlar.
Mentz has a very fiourifhing Trade, efpecially
in Wines. The beft Vineyards for Rhenifh
Wines are in the Dominions of the Elector, and
efpecially in the Neighbourhood of Mentz. And
that which alfo contributes very much to the
Brifknefs of its Commerce is, that all the Mer
chandize that paffes up and down the Rhine,
flops in its Harbor, to be put on board frefo
Bottoms. I did not ftay long at Mentz, but fet out for
Stutgard *, the Capital of the Duchy of
Wirtcmberg. This City ftands in a very fine
Country, and is divided into two parts by a
fmall River call'd the Neckar. The Houfes at
Stutgard are generally ill-built, yet as the Streets
are broad and lightfome, the Town is very gay.
The Ducal Palace is very old but very commo
dious, by reafon of the Extent and Number of
the Apartments. Here is a very fine Garden
with an Orangery, which is not to be paralleled.
The
* See Vol. I. p. 279.

$34 S T U T G A R D.
The Trees are kept in full Mould, fecur'd af
a Roof and a Aiding Partition* which they take
care to warm in the Winter by, feveral Stoves-
that make it one continu'd Summer. The Duker
of Wirtemberg is feldom in this Palace, except at
the time of the Carnival ; but as for his Duchefs,
foe is there almoft always, and has_ a feparate
Houfe from the Duke's, where foe fives very
retir'd: I wifh'd for an Opportunity to pay my
Refpectsto her, but was depfiv'd of that Ho
nor, becaufe I had not been introduc'd to the
Dukfe. This Princess ufual Refidence is at Lud-
wigfbourg a Pleafure-Houfe which he caus'd tp
be built fome Leagues from Stutgard.; but while
I Was at Wirtemberg he was with the Whole
Court at Wildftadt, whither I went to have the
Honor of paying my Duty to him. Wildftadt
is one of the vileft Places in Germany, yet 'tis
very much frequented by reafon of its Baths of
Mineral Waters, which are faid to be a fove-
reign Remedy for many Difeafes* efpecially Sci-"
aticas, and for bracing the Nerves. The Duke
commonly fpends a Month or fix Weeks here
with his whole Court, which being very nume
rous and fplendid, Wildftadt is tlien a Place a-
greeable enough. The Duke had with hint
fhe Hereditary Prince, his Son, who is married
to Henrietta of Pruffia, the late Margrave Phi
lip's Daughter. The Perfon of this Prince was
very amiable, and. like the Duke his Father* his
Behavior is the moft courteous that can be, efpe
cially to Foreigners, to whom they are both very
.kind. While the Court was at Wildftadt, their
Amufement in the Morning was the ufe of the
Baths, where the Duke and the Prince his Son
,gave Gentlemen the Liberty of bathing with
them,; for it muft be obferv'd that each Bath will

WlLDST APT. 333
will hold twenty Perfons very commodioufly.
When the Bathing was over, they took their
'Reft. Towards Noon there was an Affem
bly in the Apartment of the Duke, who went
from thence to the Apartment of the Heredi
tary Princefs, who lodg'd with the Prince her
Hufband in a Houfe over againft the Duke's.
'There was a Table for fixteen Guefts very well
ferv'd, where the Gentlemen eat with the Duke
and his Children, and none but Pages waited.
After Dinner the Duke either rode, or caus'd
others to ride fome manag'd Horfes, than which
I have no where feen any that were more beau
tiful or better train'd than his were. In the E-
vening there was another Affembly at the Prin-
cefs's, where there was play till Supper-time. I
was told that when the Court was at Ludwigf-
bourg there was a greater Variety of Diverfions, and
that befides Gaming there was fome Theatrical
Entertainments, of which the Duke was very
fond, and actually kept a Company of French
Comedians in Pay, who perform'd very well.
In a word, this Prince may be faid to have ne
glected nothing that he thought fuitable to his
Dignity, or that might render his Court more
fplendid. And that every thing might look with
a certain Air of Grandeur, he was refolv'd, like
other Sovereig-ns, to eftablifh an Order, of which
he himfelf is the Head. They call it the Order
' of St. Hubert. 'Tis a broad red Ribband* to
which hangs a Crofs enamell'd white. None
"are admitted into it, but Perfons of diftinguiftv'd
Families. Befides this Order, the Duke alfo
wears thofe of Pruffia and Denmark alternatively.
The Hereditary Prince wears the Pruffian Or
der at large, and that of the Duke his Father at
¦ his Button-Hole, juft as they wear the Crofs bf
St.

33^ WlLDSTADT;
St. Lewis in France, except neverthelefs oh the
Feftival Days of St. Hubert, when he wears the
red Ribband at full length.
Among the Perfons of Diftinction that accom
panied the Duke to Wildftadt, thofe of moft
Note were the Count de Gravenitz and S  ,
which two Gentlemen had the fole Difpofition of
Affairs. The firft was Grand Marfoal of the
Court and Prime Minifter, and he wore the Or
der of Pruffia, the King having therewith honor'd
him at the Marriage of the Hereditary Prince
With the Princefs of Pruffia. This Minifter, who
had the Duke of Wirtembergfs intire Confidence,
had been nominated to accompany the Heredi
tary Prince to Berlin. He certainly deferv*d
the Favor with which the Duke honor'd him ;
and I have not known many Noblemen more
civil and obliging. But S  — wanted a great
deal of being fo affable ; tho' his Origin was very
different. He was a meer Creature of Fortune* who
to be fure thought himfelf at the height of Felicity
when he was Secretary to the late M. B  , Mi
nifter of State to the late King at Berlin. Ne
verthelefs, after the Death of his Mafter his Star
guided him to the Court of Wirtemberg, where
he has amafs'd immenfe Riches, and is enter'd
into the greateft Employments. He wears the
Order of Dannebrog, the King of Pruffia hav
ing defir'd it for him ofthe King of Denmark,
upon the Recommendation ofthe Duke of Wir
temberg, who being very willing to give his Mi
nifter fome Badge of Honor, and not caring at
the fame time to debafe his own Order of St,
Hubert, caus'd the Order of Dannebrog to be
demanded for him, which is given to all Perfons
indifferently without regard to Quality.
The

WlLDST A A T. 337
The Duke of Wirtemberg's Court is altoge
ther Lutheran, as well as the reft of his Domi
nions. Mean time he permitted the Princefs,
who is a Calvinift, to have a particular Chapel
for her felf and her Domeftics. The Countefs
de Gravenitz, Wife to the Grand Marfhal, who
is a Catholic, was alfo allow'd a Chapel for the
Exercife of her Religion. /
I forgot to tell you what Title is affum'd by
the Dukes of Wirtemberg. They call themfelves
Banner-Bearers of the Empire, which Title they
diftinguifo in the third Quartering of theirShield*
which is Azure with the Banner of the Empire*
Or charg'd with a Spread-Eagle Sable, plac'd
Bend-wife. , The Dukes of Wirtemberg have
another Dignity more folid than the former, viz.
to bejoint Directors ofthe Circle of Swabia, with
the Bifhop of Cpnftance.
The Duchy pf Wirtemberg was formerly con-
fifcated to the ufe of Ferdinand I. Brother to the
Emperor Charles V. but 'twas afterwards reftor'd
to the Princes, of this Name, on condition of
their holding it dependent on the Houfe of Au-
ftria. This Feudal Subjection was annull'd in
163 1, in the time of Frederic Duke of 'Wirtem
berg, on condition that upon the Failure of Iffue
Male, the Duchy fhould devolve to the Houfe
of Auftria. In purfuance of thefe Treaties the
Princes of that Family bear the Title and Arms
of the Family of Wirtemberg.
While I ftaid at this Court that Diforder
which I had been teaz'd with for feveral Years
became at laft fo ferious an Affair, that inftead
of proceeding, to Vienna, to which I at firft pur-
pos'd td go, I fet out for Strafbourg, in hopes
of finding fkilful Surgeons there to make theme-
ceffary Operation upon me. Several offer'd to
Vol. III. Z take

338 Phaltzbourg, Luneville.
take me in hand, but the King's Lieutenant af-
fur'd me, that my beft way wou'd be to employ
the Perfon that was Surgeon to the Great Hof-
pital. I did fo, but can't fey I had much rea
fon to like him. He may, for aught I knowy
be an able Surgeon, but fure I am that he is a
very dangerous Phyfician. He thought fit to
give me Drugs (to prepare me, he feid, to fup
port the Operation) which had like to have fent.
me into the other World : But by good Luck I
perceiv'd his Ignorance before he had time to kill
me. I took no more of his Remedies ; and
when I found my felf well enough recover'd to
bear the Fatigues of a Journey, I refolv'd to go
to Paris, which I take to be the Nurfery of the
moft experienced Surgeons. I ftop'd a few days
at Saverne, where there was a very great Com
pany at the Houfe of the Cardinal de Rohan,
to whom I had the Honor of paying my Com
pliments ; and he receiv'd me with that Air of
Politenefs and Grandeur, for which we know this
Prince is diftinguifh 'd.
From Saverne I went to Luneville, and in all
the Way found no confiderable Place but
Phaltzbourg, which was formerly a Part of
Lorrain, and had the Title of a Principality. 'Tis
now a Place very regularly fortify 'd, and ferves
to guard the Road into Lorrain, which France
fecur'd to her felf by the Treaty of Ryfwic.
The Court of Lorrain commonly refides at
Luneville, fince the Beginning of the late
War, when the French put a Garifon into Nancy,
of which they continu'd Mafters till the Treaty
-bf Baden. This City, which heretofore was
inconfiderable, is now worth feeing.. The Duke
of Lorrain has added a great many Buildings to
it, which are a great Ornament to it ; and there fore

Luneville.. 339
fore the Duke and Duchefs chufe to refide here,
preferably to any other Place. As to the Du
chefs, fhe has a particular Reafon for being fofond
of Luneville, it being the City affign'd her for
her Jointure.
The Caftle, which is very fine, has nothing
noble without, but the Infide is moft magnifi
cent. The Entrance and Front very much re-
femble thofe of Verfailles towards Paris. As
to the Front towards the Garden I can fay no
thing of it, becaufe that fide of the Palace was
not finifh'd when I went thither. The Apart
ments of their Royal Highnefies are fpacious,
and richly furnifo'd. The firft Antichamber is a
very large Saloon of curious Structure. 'Tis
wainfcotted and adorn'd with the Pictures of the
Lorrain Family. In one, the Duke's Father
is reprefented making a triumphant Entry in a
Chariot drawn by four white Horfes, with Fame
flying before it, Peace and Victory offering him
Crowns of Laurel, and the additional Trophy of
Turks in Chains trampled under his Horfes Feet.
The Whole together forms a magnificent Pain
ting ; and I was told there are Tapeftries in the
Duke's Wardrobe, which are a Copy of it, but
I did not fee them.
This Saloon feparates their Royal Highneffes
Apartments from the Chapel, which for the
Contrivance of it very much refembles that; of
Verfailles. It ftands on the Right ofthe Entry
into the Saloon, and the Apartments are on the
Left. The Prince's Apartment looks over Lu
neville, and over the Courts belonging to the
Kitchen, and the Princefs's is fituate on the Gar
den-fide. The Princefs's is much larger than
the Duke's ; and when I faw it, 'twas richly
furnifo'd, adorn'd with noble Gilding, Glaffes
> Z 2 and

34° Luneville.
and Paintings by the beft Mafters ; but this Part
of the Palace has fince been intirely confum'd by
Fire* tho' I am aflur'd the Whole is re-built as
well as before, and that the Apartments are every
whit as well furnifo'd. So much for the Palace :
I will now give you a foort Account of their
Royal Highneffes, and their Auguft Family, as
it ftood in 1718, when I had the Honor to
fee it.
Leopold Duke of Lorrain and Bar was the
Head of the Family* and the Sovereign of the
Country. He married Mademoifelle of France,'
Elizabeth-Charlotte of Orleans, Daughter 6f
Philip of France, Duke of Orleans, Brother of
Lewis XIV. By which Marriage they had three
Princes and three Princefles. The eldeft Prince,
who was flil'd Duke of Bar, died in 1723, ata
Time when he was in Expectation of great For
tune. His Brother, who is Heir to that Ex
pectancy, is actually bred up at Vienna, where
the Emperor takes particular Care of his Edu
cation. The Duke of Lorrain's Houfhold is confide
rable, and every thing is eftablifti'd there on a
good Footing. His Hunting Equipages are
magnificent, and fo well furnifo'd, that Foreign
ers who accompany the Prince into the Field,
are equipp'd With Horfes out of his Stables,
The Prince's Attendance is almoft the fame as
that ofthe Princes of France, and all his Houf
hold on the fame Footing. The Marquis de
Craon was then the Great Chamberlain and Prime
Minifter. He was a very courteous Nobleman,
and treated all that had Bufinefs with him with
extraordinary Civility. He had great Credit at
Court, and the Prince was mighty bountiful to
him ;, infomuch that after having heap'd Wealth upon

Luneville,, Nancy. 141
upon this Favorite, he had a mind to fee him
promoted to the eminent Dignity of Prince,
which upon the Duke's Defire the Emperor
conferr'd upon him accordingly. Not long after,
one ofthe Prince of Craon's Daughters was mar
ried to a Prince of the Lorrain Family, viz. the
Prince de Lixin, formerly known by the Name
ofthe Chevalier de Lorrain, who is now the
Duke of Lorrain's Steward of the Houfhold.
His Father-in-law has given him his fine Houfe
at Craon, not far from Luneville. Madame de
Craon, who is a Partner in her Hufband's For
tune and Credit, is Lady of Honor to the Du
chefs, and very much efteem'd by the Duke. I
had the Honor to fee this Prince fpend the Af
ter noons at her Houfe, and the Courtiers, after
the Example of their Mafter, did juftice to the
Lady's Merit.
From Luneville I went to Nancy, which is
the Capital City of Lorrain, and was formerly
the Refidence of the Sovereigns ofthe Country.
It ftands but a little diftance from the River
Meurte, in the midft of a beautiful Plain ; and
is divided into two Parts, viz. the Old and New
Towns. I had the Honor to tell you, that the
.French made a Conqueft of it in 1631. It had
good Reafon to remember, that it was once un
der a Foreign Dominion ; for its Fortifications
were fo demolifo'd in 1668, that there was but
one Rampart remaining without a Parapet ; and
in this Condition it was reftor'd to its Sovereign
at the Peace of Ryfwic. Not many years after,
when Lewis XlV. enter'd into the War for
maintaining his Grandfon upon the Spanifh
Throne, he oblig'd the Duke of Lorrain to re
ceive a Garifon at Nancy. The Duke was fo
difgtifted at this Proceeding, that tho' the King
Z 2 had

342 Nancy, Toul.
had given Orders to his Officers, to pay his
Royal'Highnefs all the due Honors and Refpect,
he would not flay in a ToWn, of which he
might be feid to be Sovereign, but not the Ma
fler ; and retried to Luneville, where he continu'd
ever after, tho' Nancy was evacuted at the Trea
ty of Baden.
A little way from Nancy, in the Road to
Paris, there's a Chapel and a Crofs, faid to
have been erected upon the very Spot where
Charks the laft Duke of Burgundy. Was kill'd in
1476, when he was hefieging the Town, then in
poffeffion of Rene Duke of Lorrain. There's
a Copper-plate affix'd to the Crofs upon the
High-way, on which may be read the Parti
culars. Between Nancy and Toul, which is "in the
Paris Road, one paffes thro' the Foreft of Hay e,
wherein Lewis XIV. caus'd a Way to be cut,
which will be a lafting Monument to Pofterlty,
of the Magnificence of that Great Prince. Thofe
who are bound to' Toul crofs the Mofelle in a Fer
ry-boat about a League on this fide thar Town,
to which they arrive over a pretty large Plain.
The Learned give a very ancient Original to
the City of Toul ; for they pretend it was firft
founded by Tullus Hoftilius King ofthe Romans ;
But you may believe as much of this as you
pleafe. All that I can fay of the Town, after
having view'd it well, is, that 'tis very ill built,
and not worthy ofthe Attention of the Curious.
'Tis a Bilhopric Suffragan of Triers, and one of
the three Bilhoprics of Lorrain that were yielded
to France.
From Toul I travell'd to Bar-le-Duc, the
Capital of the Duchy of Bar. This Duchy is
dependant on the Crown of France, tho' 'tis
part

Bar-le-Duc, Chalons. 343
part of the Dominions of Lorrain, and is under
the Jurifdiction of a Parliament. The Dukes of
Lorrain were formerly oblig'd, either in their
own Perfon, or by an Envoy, to perform Ho
mage to the King of France, upon the Death
either of a King, or of a Duke ; which Obliga
tion was chang'd, or rather limited, during the
Regency ofthe Duke of Orleans, in a Journey
which the Duke and Duchefs of Lorrain made
to Paris in 171 8, when it was regulated, That a
Duke of "Bar foouldbe oblig'd to pay Homage but
once in his Life to a King of France ; but that he
fhould pay it in Perfon. This Convention was re-
gifter'd in the Parliament of Paris. But this was
not the only Advantage which the Duke reap'd
from his Journey ; for the Regent, at the Re-
queft of his Sifter, reftor'd a great number of
Villages to him that ought to have been reftor'd
to the Duke of Lorrain at the Peace of Ryfwic,
and which the Miniftry of France had thought fit
to keep. From Bar-le-Duc to Chalons, 'tis a wild
defert Country, yet very fruitful in Corn. The
Roads are deteftable if it rains ever fo little ;
which added to the length of the Poll-Stages,
renders it a very difagreeable Journey. They
fay 'twas in thefe Fields that the King Meroveus,
Aetius General of the Romans, andTheodoric King
of the Vifigoths, fought fo bloody a Battle in 45 1 ,
with Attila King of the Huns, that they kill'd
two hundred thoufand of his Men. But this is
a Fact which I will not warrant. The Situa -
tion of Chalons is very advantagious. The Ri
ver Marne which runs into the Seine almoft at
the Entrance of Paris, is a great Convenience for
the Merchants of that City. This City is in
Champaigne, and its Bifhop has the Title of Count
Z 4 and

344-Chateau-Thierry, Meaux.
and Peer of France. The ancient Counts of
Champaigne refided here, and the Palace they
liv'd in is ftill to be feen. The Parliament of
Paris was transferr'd hither in 1592 ; and there
that illuflrious Affembly pafs'd that famous Arret
againft the Pope's Legate, and the League, which
under the Pretence of Religion tended to de
prive Henry Ill's lawful Succeffor, Henry IV. of
the Crown of France.
Several moft illuflrious Marriages have been
celebrated in the City of Chalons, 1. That of
Philip of Orleans , Brother to Lewis XIV. 2.
That of Lewis Dauphin of France Son of Lewis
XIV. with Anne-Chriftina-Vitloria of Bavaria,
on the 7th of March 1680 : And finally, the
Marriage of Lewis Duke of Orleans, Son of the
Duke Regent, to Auguft a- Maria-Johanna of Ba
den, on the 13th of July 1724.
There's not one confiderable Place all the way
from Chalons to Paris. I pafs'd thro' Chateau-
Thierry, which is a Duchy that was given to
TM.de Bouillon in Exchange for the Principality of
Sedan ; with this Claufe neverthelefs, that the
King fhall keep the Sovereignty of it. The
Marne runs at the Foot of this Town.
Ten Leagues from hence there's the City of
Meaux, which is the Capital of Brie, with the
Title of a Bifhopric. But neither in the Church
nor Town did I fee any thing remarkable. The
Suburbs are very fruitful, and the Neighbour
hood of Paris gives the Inhabitants an Oppor
tunity of puttingpff their Commodities to Ad
vantage. 'Tis but a few Hours Journey from Meaux
to Paris in the direct Road. But I went fome
Leagues out of the way to fee M, de JV— — , at
his Seat at C— - — , near Fontainbleau, and after
having

Paris. 34.5
having fpent fome days there very pleafantly,we
travell'd together to Paris. When we had pafs'd
the Time that was neceflary to difcharge the Ob
ligations of Friendfhip and Decency, I reflected
on what was the real Motive of my Journey ;
which, as I have had the Honor to tell you, was
to put my felf into the Hands of fome able Sur
geon. The Man to whofe Care I committed
my felf was the famous La Peronie, who per
form'd the Operation upon me with the utmoft
Skill, yet I fuffer'd extreme Pain, During my
Ulnefs, which was of fome Continuance, my
Friends, who were my faithful Companions,
were fo good as to inform me of every thing
that pafs'd ; and if it had been lawful to have
betray'd them, or if I had been in any Poft un
der the Government, I might perhaps have
made fome Difcoveries to the Duke Regent,
which would have been to his advantage, and,
enabled him to flifle that Flame at its firft
breaking out, which indeed he extinguifo'd af
terwards, tho' it was perhaps owing as much,
if not more, to his good Fortune, than to his
Prudence. Paris was at that time in a Crifis, when it
dreaded a Minority as troublefome as that of
Lewis XIV. Every body was diflatisfy'd. There
was a loud Clamor againft the Royal Bank. And
the Government-Bills were a frefo Subject <5f
Complaint ; for tho' they were eftablifo'd at the
Beginning of the Regency, with a Promife to
keep up their Credit, yet there was a very great
Lofs by difcounting them ; and as the Public was
overcharg'd with them, and as there is nothing
which fits fo uneafy on People as their Lofs,
every one gave public Vent to his ill Humor.
At this fame Juncture the Duke Regent was
afflicted

346 Paris.
afflicted with fore Eyes, which indanger'd his
Sight. I was affur'd that the Chancellor faid to
fome People in Confidence, That 'twas abfolutely
neceffary to think of proper Meafures for tranf-
f erring the Regency to another Perfon, in cafe that
Prince foould happen to be blind : And they fey
that 'twas for this Expreflion that he loft the
Seals, which were taken from him the 28th of
January 171 8. When M. de la Vrilliere Se
cretary of State went to him to demand them,
the Chancellor refign'd them immediately, fay
ing, That he reftor'd them to his Royal Highnefs
with more Pleafure than he took them. At the
time that they were brought to the Regent the
Duke de Noailles was with him, who being
more than ordinary furpriz'd to fee the Seals,
becaufe he knew nothing of the Chancellor's Dif
grace, could not help afking the Regmt, What
he was going to do with the Seals ? To which that
Prince made Anfwer, That he defign'd them for
M. d'Argenfon Lieutenant of the Police. The
Duke being diflatisfy'd with this Change, de
fir'd the Regent's Leave to retire, which was
granted him with more Readinefs than he de
fir'd. The Seals were given upon the fame day to
M. d'Argenfon. The Regent himfelf fign'd the
Patent, and the Grant of the Great and Little
Commiflions ; and in the Afternoon the new Mi
nifter took the ufual Oath to the King ; and at
the fame time the Duke Regent declar'd him
Chief of the Council ofthe Finances. The Difgrace
of the Chancellor made the Parliament uneafy,
and occafion'd frefh Murmuring among the
People ; the rather becaufe 'twas reported, that
his Royal Highnefs ow'd him a Grudge for his
Refufal

Paris. 347
Refufal to fign certain Edicts which were not
lik'd by the Parliament.
While Paris was in fuch a Ferment, there was
fome Commotion in Bretagne, The Payment
of the Free Gift being demanded of the States
then affembled, they made anfwer, That they
could not grant it till they had firft examin'd their
Funds. They intended, they feid, to regulate
their Finances, which were very much diforder' d.
This Delay was look'd upon as an open Rebel
lion, andat the fourth Affembly they receiv'd Or
ders to feparate. This put them quite out of
Temper, and the Nobility deputed four of their
Body to Court to prefent his Royal Highnefs a
long Memorial, in which they demonftrated
how impoffible it was for their Province to pay
the Free Gift at that inftant. They complain'd
ofthe Invafion ofthe Privileges of a Province
which had only fubmitted to France upon con
dition that they fhould be fecredly preferv'd.
They concluded with praying his Royal High
nefs to grant them, at leaft, fome time longer.
We fiatter our felves, Sir, faid they , in the clofe
of their Memorial, that a Delay of a few days,
contrary indeed to an ill Cuflom, but agreeable to
ancient Poffeffion, will not give your Royal High
nefs the worfe Opinion of a Nobility which is fo
much devoted to you, and to which you have declar'd
your Good-will.
The Regent made anfwer to the Deputies,
That they muft obey and pay, and that then they fhould
fee what could be done. This Anfwer did not fa-
tisfy the uneafy Bretons, and the Parliament of
the Province fent their Deputies to Paris. When
they were admitted to the King's Audience, M.
di Bloffac, who was their Spokefman, made
much the fame Reprefentation as the Deputies of
the

348 Paris.
the Nobility had done before. All the Anfwer
they had was a Declaration from the King, by the
Keeper of the Seals, who was prefent, That
the Privileges of their Province fhould not be in-
fring'd. The fame Deputies prefented a long
Petition to his Majefty, wherein they difcover'd
not lefs Love and Refpect to the King than Zeal
for their Privileges, but ftill infifted on the Im-
poffibility of paying the Free Gift fo foon'.
Thefe Remonftrances, however, were as ineffec
tual as thofe of the States ; and the Regent, who
was refolv'd to be obey'd, made ufe of his Au
thority, by banifoing the moft mutinous of the
Gentry from the Province, and others of 'em
he caus'd to be fummon'd to Paris, as well as
feveral of their Members of Parliament, in order
to give an Account of their Conduct.
Such, Madame, was the State of Affairs when
I arriv'd at Paris. There was no Talk of any
thing but Difturbances, and every thing feem'd
to tend to a Revolt. The Duke Regent, in or
der to obviate any Enterprize of that fort,
thought fit to fecure the Soldiery in his Intereft v
and for this end he caus'd them to be paid.
punctually, gave Gratuities to the Officers, and
to put Feathers in their Caps he made a nume
rous Promotion of the Knights of St. Lewis.
There was a Creation of about four hundred in
a few days, fo that go where one would, there
was nothing to be feen but the Croffes of St.
Lewis. It were to be wifh'd that the Species
had been as common, but of this there was lefs
Probability tha^i ever. The Regent had juft
undertaken a general Recoinage of the Money,
which feem'd to be a Thing of great Confequence
to private People. His Royal Highnefs caus'd
the Edict for this purpofe to be regifter'd, and
forefeeing that the Parliament would not come into

Paris. 349
Ihto his Meafures, he caus'd the fame to be pub-
lifo'd by the Officers ofthe Mint, The Parlia
ment was flung to the quick by the Publication
of this Edict, and pretended that, in order to its
being regifter'd, it ought to have been firfi com
municated to them. The Chambers met. upon
this Occafion, and 'twas agreed that all the So
vereign Courts fhould be invited to join with
the Parliament in an Affair of fuch Importance.
M. L. C. P. P. D. L. C. D. A. when the In
vitation was fent to his Company, took the ad
vantage of it to make his court to the Regent,
and went and inquir'd at the Royal Palace how
he had beft act. The Regent took this well at
his hands, and his Royal Highnefs fent an im
mediate Prohibition to the Court of Aids, the
Chamber of Accounts, and the Officers of the
Mint to take any notice of the Parliament's In
vitation. Neverthelefs the Parliament ftill continu'd its
Affemblies, and fent a Deputation to the Royal
Palace, confifting of the Firft Prefident, the
Prefident d'Aligre, and feveral Counfellors,to en
gage the Regent to revoke the aforefaid Edict ;
and they reprefented in a very long Difcourfe,
That the Rife of the Species could not but be pre
judicial to the French and profitable to Foreigners,
who would get fixty Livres by a Mark of Silver,
which intrinfically would not be \Worth twenty
five Livres ; and that this would circulate an in
finite number of counterfeit Species in the King
dom, confidering the immenfe Profit that Foreign
ers would make by it. They then complain'd of
the Edict's being regifter'd at the Court of the
Mint, and not in the Parliament, to whom it
ought, at leaft, to have been communicated.
The Duke Regent made anfwer to the Deputies, That

35° P a r rs.
That he did not think he oughff to fend the laft
Edit! to the Parliament, becaufe the Court of the
Mint was eftablifh'd a fuperior and' competent
Court in Matters of that kind ; that there had
been no Edit! fent to Parliament concerning- the
Mints, fince the Tear 1659, except one which was
fent thither in 1715, out of pure RefpeSl to that
Company ; that as to the Inconveniencies, he had
maturely weighed them, but that he could not ex
cufe himfelf from iffuing the Edicl ; and that as
to the Sufpenfion of the Editl, 'twas not to be
thought of, the Work being fo far advanc'd, and
a great Quantity of Species already given out, be
fides Debts that muft neceffarily be paid off.
The Parliament not being fatisfy'd with this
Anfwer, there was another Affembly, to the
Number of 1 65 Members, next day, viz. the
20th of June, from 8 o'clock in the Morning till
2 in the Afternoon, when they pafs'd an Ar
ret, by which it was agreed to make moft
humble Remonftrances to the King to obtain
Letters Patent for cenfuring the laft Edict of
the Mint, not regifter'd in Parliament, as pre
judicial to the King, to Trade, to the Govern
ment, and to the Fortunes of private People ;
that in confequence thereof all Perfons fhould be
prohibited to receive the new-coin'd Species, and
to make Payments in any other Species than
thofe which had their Currency, by virtue of
the Edict of 1 7 1 5, and all Notarys fhould like-
wife be prohibited to pafs any Act for Payments
or Reimburfements made'with the new Species.
This Arret was fet up in Writing within the Pa-
feis or Parliament- Houfe, and the Parliament
took care to have feveral written Copies of it dif-
pers'd, becaufe of the Prohibition which their own

Paris. 351
own Printer was laid under, not to commit it
to the Prefs.
The Regent, who was fenfible how prejudi
cial this Arret was to his Authority, affembled
the Council, when they pafs'd an Arret decla
ring that of the Parliament to be an Incroach-
ment upon the Regal Authority, and that his
Majefty revok'd and annull'd it, as well as all the
Resolutions taken in that Body. All Mankind
was alarm'd, and they fear'd, not without Rea
fon, what would be the Confequences of fo vio
lent a Proceeding. The Parliament on then-
part did not abate one jot of their State ; and
when the King's Council laid upon the Table a
Letter de Cachet, with the Arret of the Coun
cil of State, they agreed to fend the Whole back
again without reading one Word of it ; and that
the Arret pafs'd the day before fhould be put in
execution according to its Form and Tenor.
Hereupon the Council of State pafs'd another
Arret, by which the King claini'd to himfelf
and his Council the Cognizance of all the Diffe
rences which might arife with regard to the
Coin. This done, the Regent fent two Com
panies of French Guards to the Mint, and a-
nother Detachment to the Bank : And after
having, by this means, made every thing fe
cure, he gave the Parliament leave to come and
make their Remonftrances to the King. The
Perfon who fpoke in the Name ofthe reft was
M. de Mefmes the Firft Prefident, at the Head of
feven Prefidents a Mortier, thirty-two Counfel-
lors, and the King's Council. His Speech was
long and well ftudy'd. He began with extol
ling the Qualities obfervable in the young King.
Then he faid, That ' tho' the Parliament only
iviflo'dfor the Opportunity of coming into his Pre
fence

35 2 Paris.
fence to admire them, they were under a Neceflitff
of acquainting him with the juft Alarms of all the
Orders of the Kingdom, upon account of an Edit!
for a general Recoinage of the Species, which
impoverifh'd thofe that had any Fortunes left, in
France, without being any Relief to the numerous
Poor. This Speech was divided into two Parts.
The firft related to the manner in which the
faid Edict had been publifo'd. The fecond en
ter'd into the particular Inconveniencies with
which the various Claufes of the Edict would be
attended, if his Majefty was not fo far mov'd by
thofe Reafons, as to order its Repeal. M. de
Mefmes fupported thofe two Articles by a Speech
as nervous as it was eloquent ; and at the Clofe
he faid, that in the Arrets which had been pafs'd
by his Company, they had only follow'd the
Precedents that had been found in the Regi-
fters. The Firft Prefident left his Speech in Wri
ting, that the King might be able to anfwer it ;
and it was not long before the feid Anfwer was
return'd. The Deputies of the Parliament be
ing fent for to the Tuilleries, on the 2d of July
1 71 8, the Keeper of the Seals faid to them in
his Majefty's Prefence, The King has caus'd the
Remonftrances of his Parliament to be examin'd
in Council, and his Majefty will always be dif-
pos'd to give them a favorable Hearing, when they
have not a Tendency to the fplitting or the cram
ping of his Authority. He added, That theEditJ
in queftion had been maturely examin'd -, and that
'twas the beft Remedy for paying off the Debts ofthe
State ; that the faid Edict was not fuch a Burden
upon the Public ; and that it was only fo to thofe
who floould make advantagious Contrails by obli
gatory Deeds. He concluded with faying, That the

F a ri s. 353
the King prohibited every Affembly tending to the
negletl of Submiffion; and that he had given Orders
for regiftring the Letters Patent in purfuance of
the Arret of Council whereby his Majefty claims
the Cognizance of the Difputes already rifen or
that may arife relating to the Edict. This An
fwer being reported to the Parliament, Com
miflioners were appointed to examine it ; and at
the fame time to fearch the Regifters if there
was any Precedent for Letters Patent of that
fort, in order to conform to it. The Commif-
fioners having made their Report, the Company
came to a Refolution to reprefent to the Duke
Regent, That nothing had been determin'd on that
SubjecJ, becaufe the Company defired that they
might firft of all make new Remonftrances to the
King ; and that they intreated his Royal High
nefs to procure them an Audience. The Regent
was nettled at the Parliament's Importunity, and
he made anfwer to the King's Council, who were
fent to him with the Mefiage, That he floould
have thought that the Parliament would have reft-
.ed fatisfy'd with the Anfwer which the King had
before given ; but that fince he faw they were not,
he would venture, notwithftanding the Diflike that
his Majefty expreffed to Remonftrances, to give
them the Liberty of prefenting them, but no other-
wife than in Writing.
The Parliament was not difcouraged, but ftill
continu'd to demand an Audience, which was at
length granted for the 26th of July ; when all.
the People of Diftinction in Paris flock'd to
Court to hear the Remonftrances. The firft Prefi-
dentfpoke for near three quarters^of anJHour, tho*
his Difcourfe was nothing more than a Recapitu
lation of what he had faid before. His Majefty
made anfwer, My Keeper of the Seals will explain
Vol. III. A a tny

354 Pari s.
my Intentions to you. But the Keeper of the
Seals faid no more than this, The King has al
ready explain' d his Intentions to you, and he will
explain them to you farther hereafter.
The Parliament diflatisfy'd with this Anfwer,
which they thought too Laconic, as Affairs then
ftood, fell in a Rage with the Man whom they
had good reafon to look upon as the Primum
Mobile ofthe Confufion of Affairs; I mean John
Law, whofe rapid Fortune furnifo'd a large
Field of Difcourfe. They were very fenfible
that a Director of the Bank could not eafily ac
quire fo much Wealth, but a great many People
muft be confiderable Lofers. The Parliament
therefore cited this Financier to appear before
them in Perfon, but he never went, near them;
and when, in a few days after, they chang'd the
Summons to a Warrant for arrefting him, the
Duke Regent protected him by an Arret of
Council. This Prince wifely judging of what
Importance it was to him to make the Parlia-*
ment eafy, and to fecure Refpect to the Regal
Authority of which he was the Depofitary, ap
pointed a Bed of Juftice to be held at the Palace
ofthe Thuilleries for the 26th of Auguft. He or
der'd the King's Houfhold Troops to keep to
their Arms, and to be every Man at his Poft. The
fame day he fent circular Letters of Invitation to
all the Dukesand Peers, to the Marfhals of France,
to the Knights ofthe Orders, to. the Governors
and Lieutenant-Generals of the Provinces, to
the Secretaries, and to fome of the Counfellors
of State who were nominated by the Keeper of
the S^als. The Princes were alfo invited to this
Tribunal. The Parliament walk'd thither on
foot, about 1 1 o'clock in their red Robes. The
Prefident de Novion was at the Head of their
Body,

Paris. 355
Body, becaufe the firft Prefident was at that time
very much afflicted with the Gout ; however,
he went to the Thuilleries in a Coach.
After the Council ofthe Regency broke up, the
King went from his little Apartment upon the
Terrafs to his Gallery, to which he was accom
panied by the Duke Regent and the Princes of
the Blood. Four Prefidents au Mortier and fix
Counfellors came thither to receive him, and
conducted him to his Bed of Juftice. The King
being feated on his Throne, and all the Com
pany having taken their Places, they began with
reading the Letters Patent eftablifoing M. d'Ar
genfon Keeper of the Seals, which were ordered
to be regifter'd. After this an Arret of Council
Was read, forbidding the Parliament to take Cog
nizance of the Affairs of State. Upon the
reading of this Arret, the firft Prefident broke
Silence and faid, The Subjebl feem'd to him of fo
great Importance, that with the due Refpecl and
Submiffion which the Company had for his
Majefty's Orders, he defired his Majefty's Per-
mifjion to 'withdraw, to take it into Confidera-
tion. As little Attention was paid to this
Remonftrance, as to the preceding ones. The
Regent drew near to the King and whifper'd
him ; and the Keeper of the Seals, after ap
proaching his Majefty for a Minute, made an
fwer to the Company, The King -will be obey'd,
and obey'd too upon the Spot.
Then a Declaration was read, importing, that
the Dukes and Peers fhould have Seats in Par
liament immediately after the Princes of the
Blood. A fecond, which derogated from the,
Declaration of the King, dated the 5th of May
1694, and reftrain'd the Legitimated Princes to
the meer Honors and Prerogatives of their Peer
ages : And a third, which re-eftablifhed the Count
Aa2 de

356 Pa r i s.
deTholoufe in all his Rights, Ranks and Prero
gatives for his own Perfon only.
After the reading of thefe Declarations the
Duke fpoke and reprefented to his Majefty, That <
the late King having feem'd defirous that the
Duke of Maine fhould have the Care of his Maje^
fly's Education, tho' the Place belong' d to him by
Birth-right, he did not then oppofe it, becaufe he
was at that time a Minor ; but as this was not
the Cafe now, he defir'd that the Honor might be
conferr'd upon him : which Demand was granted
to him, as well as that of the Dukes and Peers,
who demanded to have Precedence of the Pre-
fidents au Mortier in Parliament.
Thus ended the Bed of Juftice, which, will no
doubt be famous to the lateft Pofterity. The
Parliament was very much mortify'd at the Con
duct obferv'd to them, and declar'd next day in
their Affembly, by an Arret which was regifter'd,
That they neither could, nor ought, nor intended to
have any Share in what pafs'd the Day preceed-
ing in the Bed of Juftice ; and that Pofterity
might be inform'd of it, Commiffioners were no
minated to draw up a verbal Account of all the
Proceedings. The Regent being inform'd of
what the Parliament was doing, fent Detach
ments ofthe Gray and Black Mufketeers, com
manded by a Brigadier, who on the 28th at
Night, took up thofe that had been the moft
zealous for this Opinion. Such were Meffieurs
de Blamont, Prefident of the 4th of the Inquefts,
Feydeau Counfellor of the fame Court, and St.
Martin a Counfellor of the Grand Chamber.
They were - -clapp'd into three Coaches, each
guarded, by eight Mufketeers and an Officer,
and carried to Places which the Court had ap
pointed i

Paris. 35 7-
pointed ; and at the fame time the Papers ofthe
two former were feiz'd.
As foon as the Parliament was acquainted of
this Arreft, they met and made a Deputation to
the King, to intreat him to permit them to en
joy the Privilege they always had of trying thofe
of their own Body for any Crimes they may be
accus'd of. The Keeper of the Seals made them
anfwer, The Affairs which bring this Deputation
to the King are Affairs of State, which demand
Silence and Secrecy : The King is oblig'd to fee due
Refpecl paid to his Authority. The future Beha
vior of his Parliament will determine his Maje
fty's Sentiments of, and Difpofitions towards them.
The Deputies went next day to the Royal Palace
to make frefo Interceflion with the Regent for the
Liberty of their Brethren ; but his Royal High
nefs returned much the fame Anfwer to them as
they had the day before, whereupon the Parlia
ment fhut up their Tribunals, and left off de
creeing Juftice. Mean time the King's Council
were always in Motion at the Louvre, and at the
Royal Palace, but could not obtain a fatisfacto-
ry Anfwer ; and on the 5th of September the
Marquis d'Effiat, Mafter of the Horfe to the
Duke Regent, gave the Company notice on the
part of his Royal Highnefs, to open the Courts
again, and to continue the Seffions, affuring them,
that an Anfwer fhould foortly be returned to
their late Inftances.
Mean time the Rumor of the Violence us'd
to the Prefident and the Counfellors that had
been apprehended, put a great many People out
of Temper: Thefe Exiles were confider'd as
Martyrs to the public Liberty, and every Man
made their Cafe his own. Several Parliaments
feem'd inclinable to fupport that of Paris. The
A a 3 Par-

3*5.-8- Paris.
Parliament, of Bretagne difcover'd more Zeal,
than any other, and wrote a fine Letter to the
Parliament of Paris, offering to join with them
in the Demand of the Exiles Liberty ; they alfo
wrote another on the feme Subject tq his Majefty,
which they addreffed to M. de la Vrillier.e Secre
tary of State.
At the fame time a very important Event hap
pened, which took off the Attention of the
French, -in a great meafure, from their own Af
fairs* and rais'd the Speculation of all Europe.
This was the Spanifo Expedition to Sicily. To
let you fully into the Secret of this Affair, I
muft go farther back, and give you a general
Account ofthe State of Affairs of Europe in the
preceding Year. The Emperor, in purfuance
of his Alliances with the Republic of Venice,
from whom the Turks had taken a Part of
the Morea, was follicited to declare War againft ,
thofe Infidels. The Pope, on his part, dreading
that the Turks fhould land in Italy + caus'd In-
flances to be made to his Imperial Majefty to
perfuade him to the War. The Emperor could
not determine with himfelf for a good while to
break with the Turks, for fear led Spain fhould
take an Advantage of fuch Rupture, and fall upon
his Provinces in Italy. The Pope encouragM
the Emperor, by acquainting him, That the
King of Spain had given him his fotemn Promife
that he would undertake nothing in Italy. He
alfo gave him to underftand, That inftead of hav
ing any reafon to be afraid of Spain, he might ex-
pelf all manner of Affiftance from that Crown in
the prefent War ; fince it had engag'd to fend him
a powerful Squadron ; and that the better to enable
him to dv this, he (the Pope) had given him leave
to raife the Tenths upon the Clergy of Spain.
Thefe

Pari s.1 359
Thefe Reprefentations made an Impreflion upon
the Emperor ; but the Thing which abfolutely
determin'd him, was the Treaty of Guaranty,
that he had concluded with England, by which
that Crown engaged to affift him with its Na
vy, in cafe that his Dominions were invaded.
He therefore declared War againft the Turks,
and fent a numerous Army againft them, un
der Command of Prince Eugene, of Savoy.
The Campaign prov'd very glorious for this
Prince. He began it with a Victory near Temef-
waer, after which he laid Siege to that Place,
and in a very little time reduc'd it. Meanwhile
Spain prepar'd a Naval Armament, under Pre
tence of fending Succours to the Venetians. But
how was all Europe furpriz'd, when it was
known that the Prime Minifter of Spain, the
Cardinal Alberoni, heretofore Chaplain to the
Duke de Vendome, afterwards Agent of Parma
at the Court of Madrid, and finally, by the
Queen's Favour, promoted to the Summit of
Grandeur and Profperity, had prevail'd on the
King of Spain to employ the Sums that were le
vied upon the Eftatesof the Clergy, and appro
priated for the Support of the Honor of the Chri
ftian Name, in the Conqueft of Sardinia! The
Reduction of it was attended with no great Dif
ficulty, becaufe the Ifland, in reliance upon the
Faith of Treaties, was at that time but indiffe
rently furnifo'd with Troops. The Emperor
made his Complaints to the Pope, and to France
and England as Guarantees of the Neutrality of
Italy. Thefe Powers did their utmoft to en
gage the King of Spain to defiflrfrom his Pre
tenfions. The Duke Regent order'd the Duke
of St. Aignan, Ambaflador of France at the
Spani/h Court, to reprefent to the King all the
F Aa4 In-

360 Paris.

Inconveniencies into which this War mjght
plunge him ; but the Spanifh Minifter, who re-
ly'd upon the fecret Correfpondence he had in
France, refus'd' all' Propofals of an Accommo
dation, tho' they were fo very advantagious to
the King of Spain: For it was propos'd to him,
that the Emperor fhould recognize him the law
ful Pofleffor of • Spain and the Indies -,;and more
over, that he fhould confent to the fecuring of the
Succeffions of Parma and Placentia to the Queen
of Spain's Children ; Terms infinitely more advan
tagious than thofe that had been granted to him
by the Peace of Utrecht, and of which the King
of Spain fo earneftly defir'd to fee the Confirma
tion the Year that Lewis XIV. died.

The End of the Third Volume.

An Alphabetical INDEX
T O T H E
THIRD VOLUME.

A
A Brian VI. (Pope) his Birth and Parentage 220'
221.
St. Aignan (Duke de) 359.
Aix-la-Chapelle, Relics and Town, 233, &c.
Alberoni Cardinal, 359.
Albert of Bavaria Count of Holland, 130, 131.
Albert (Margrave) of Brandenbourg, his Marriage to
the Princefs of Courland, 54.
Albert, Margrave of Brandenbourg, Grand Mafter ofthe
Teuto?ik Order, his Marriage^ and Warwith Poland, 13.
Alcibiades of Germany, who fo call'd, 146.
Altena, t. 231.
Alva, Duke of, his Cruelty and Statue, 168. his Son, 138.
Amsterdam, t. its Foundation and Increafe, 130,131.
Its Defcription, 132, <&c.
Remarks on its Inhabitants, 133, 137.
Anabaptifts, their Head, 161.
Axhalt-Dejfau {Leopold Prince of) his Valor, 55, 56,
68, 83.
Arnheim, (M. de) 88.
Antwerp, t, 166, &c.

An Alphabetical Index
Appel, a Merchant, 322.
Argenfin, M. de, 86, 346.
Arm-Chair, confequence of its Refufal, 12, 2<>.
Asbach, Barons de, 11.
Asfeldt (Abbot of) 306.
Attila,King of the Huns, his Defeat, 343.
Audenard (Battle of) 76, 77.
Augsbourg Confeffion, 146.
Aumont (Duke of) his different Reception at London
by the feveral Parties, and the burning of his Houfe,
206.
Auverquerque (Veldt Marfhal de) 255.
B.
TiAden (Lewis Margrave of) 15, 16, 17.
-"-* Bdlderic of Cleves, Bifhop of Utrecht j 221.
Z?«//, extraordinary given by the Author, 209.
Barcelona Siege rais'd, 6^-
Barfous (Count de) 8. His Banifhment from the Pruf-
fian Court, 52.
Bargeman's Daughter, her notable Rife, 9 to 12.
Bar-le-duc, /. 342.
Bartholdi, Pruffian Minifter, 20, 21, 22.
Baffotnpierre (Brothers) their Hiftory, 85.
Bender, t. 67.
Bensberg, t. 142.
Bergerie, (M. de la) 57.
Berlin, /. 93, &c. 229. Diftance from -Kaningsberg,
28.
Berry (Duke of) his Character, i%<;.
Duchefs, 1 86. Her Character and Favour with
the Regent, 287, 288. Her Kindnefs for the
Count deK — , 301. Her Death, 302.
Biberflein, (Marfhal de) 223.
Bilefeld, t. 161.
BHinsky, Count de, 1 7.
B'lls, French, 291, 345.
Blamont, M. de, Prefident, 356.
Blankenbourg, Duke of, 114, 116.
Blafpiel, M. Minifter, 20.
Botingbroke (Henry St. John, Lord) his Reception w
France, 198, 205, 206.
Barfly the Queen of PruJJia's Confeffor, 91, 92. ' Btife
J J 5

to the Third Volume,
Bofe, a Merchant, 322.
Bot, the Architect, 124.
Bouffers, Marfhal, 259.
Bourbon, Duke of, 185, 186, 236.
Bourg, Marfhal de, 318.
Bouvines Battle, 176.
Brandenbourg, Princes of, Apparition prefaging their
Death, 211.
Brandenbourg B**ettb, Margrave of, 54, 103.
Brandenburg, t. 228.
Br ant z, General, our Author's Uncle, 18.
Breda, t. 218.
Breslau, t. 243.
Breteuil, Baron de, 266.
Brit any (Duke of) his Death, 184.
Difcontent of that Province, 347.
Bruges, t. 276.
Brunfwic (Ducal Family of) 116. The City, 118.
Brussells, t. 170.
Bulau Countefs, 32. M. de, Steward, <; 8.
Burgundy (Charles Duke of) kill'd, 343.
Burgundy (Duke of, afterwards Dauphin) his Character
and his Death, 182, 183. Death and Chara&er of
the Dauphinefs, 182, 183.
Bydgoft Treaty, 14.

/^"Ambray, t. 172. Its Archbifhop, 173. League,
^ 174-
Cassel, t. i<tf. Landgrave's Family, 15?.
Chair of State refus'd by the Prince of Orange to the
Elector of Brandenbourg, and its Confequence, 12,
&c
Chalons Family, 74-
Chalons-sur-Marne, t. 343.
Chamber of Juftice, 289.
Chamillard, M. de, 80.
Charles II. King of Spain, his Death, 21, 26.
Charles V. (Emperor) 13, 257.
Charles VI. (Emperor).
See Eleclion and Coronation.
Charles XII. King of Sweden, Origin and Progrefs of
his War with Poland, 61, to 67. How he was be-
tray'd

An Alphabetical Index.
tray'd by one of his Minifters, 61, 66.
Charolois, (Count de) 186.
Chartres, (Duke de) i8f.
Chateau-Thierry, t. 344.
 Cambrejis Treaty, 175.
Clarendon, Lord, 252.
Clermont, (Count de) 1 86.
Colbe (fee Wartemberg.)
Coligny, Admiral, 174.
Cologne^ (Jofeph Clement Elector of) 164. 1. 163,^.
Archbifhops of, 164, &c.
Compiegne, /. 175.
Conde (Princefs of) 190.
Conty (Princefs of) 191.
(Second Dowager) 191.
(Prince of) 17, 53, 72, 186, 236.
Coronation ofthe Emperors, 157, <&c.
Cough, fo dreaded by a Soldier, that he chofe rather to
be kill'd, 219.
Courland (Duke of) 41. Difpute about hisGuardianfhip,
102. His Marriage with the Czar's Niece, and his
Death, 103, 104,
——Duchefs of, 36, 54.
Court what moft contributes to its Luftre, 3.
Craon, Marquifs de, 340.
Culmbach, Princefs of, 83.
Custrin, t. 44,45.
Czar of Mufcovy in France, 310, to 315.
D.
T\ Anckleman (Baron de) Prime Minifter of Frederic I.
•*-' King of Pruffia, 4. ' The Rife of his great Favor,
5. His Difgrace, 6, 7, 8. Fads relating to it, 9, 12,
14, 15, 16.
Da7ickelmanM.. our Author's Tutor, 81.
Dannebrog Order, 336.
Dauphin of France, his Death and Character, 182,
Delft, t. 128.
Denis (Father) 306.
Denmark, King, his Difputc with the Duke of Holftein,
61, 63, &c.
Defalleurs M. Envoy of France, 26.
Devos, Manufacture for Tapiftry, 1 70. Dohna.

to the Third Volume.
Dohna, Count de, 33, in, 148, 159.
Don John of Au fir ia, 172.
Dorerbeck M. Cup-bearer of Pruffia, 17.
Dort, t. 129.
Dresden, t. 244.
Drefi, a remarkable Converfation about it, between
two great Ducheffes in France, 186, to 189.
Duliz, a wealthy and generous Jew, 127.
Duplanti, his Adventure after the Battle of Audenarde,
7ft 77-
DUSSELDORFF, t. 141. E.
TfAgle-Black (Order of) in Pr»^, its Inftitution, 29,
¦*-* 30.
Eckeren Battle, 170.
Effiat, Marquis de, 357.
Eisenach, £.321.
Elbing mortgaged and taken, 18, 19.
Eleilion of the Emperors, 147 to 154.
Eltz, fee Mentz,.
Emmeric, t. 124.
England (George I. King of) his Behaviour at the News
' of his Proclamation, 251,252. His Departure for
England, 253. A Angular Circumftance of his Co
ronation, 254.
Erafinus, his Statue, 129.
Erfurt, t. 322.
Erlach, M. de, 86.
Erneji Augufius, Duke of Hanover, 57, 58.
Eugene (Prince of) a Plot to poifon him, 81. His
Character of the Prince of Anhalt, 55, 56. His
glorious Campaign in Hungary, 359.
F.
TfEldtbruck (Mademoifelle de) fee Auverqueraue.
" Fenelon, M. Archbifhop of Cambray, 173.
Fur/e (Duchefs de la) cheats our Author of fome Mo*
ney, 198.
 -Marfhal de, 172.
Finck, Count, Ambaflador, 71.
Fifiula, what call'd in France, 248.
Fit£thum, M. de, 245. Flemming,

•t, 197.
bis Character, 182. His

An Alphabetical In4d&X
Plemming (James Henry Count de) 62. How he S-
mus'd the Author, 241, 245, 246.
Florence V. Count of Holland, iffaffinated, 130.
Fontainbleau, Palace and Cou :
France (Lewis XIV. King of )
remarkable Wifh in favour of the Mercers of Paris,
^o. How he liv'd in his latter days, 182, 195. His
>eath, 283, 284.
>  (Lewis XV. King of) 184, 185. His Ahrweft©
Madame, when fhe faid fhe was going to wait on a
greater Lord than he, 304.
Francfort on the Main, t. 145;
Francke, Dr. 91, 92.
Frederic-Henry, Prince of Orange, his Will, 50.
Fredevic-William (King -of) \ fee Fruffia .
Frederic Elector of Saxony, unfortunate, 227.
Frederic-William the Great, Eledtox of Brandenbourg,
his War with Charles-Guflavus King of Sweden, 14.
His Statue, 55.
Frederic-William, Elector of Brandenbourg, his Wives
and Iffue, 3,4.
Frederic, Son to the Duke of Alva, as cruel as his Fa
ther, 138.
Fulde, ft .320. Abbat, 321.
G.
fflEorge I. (King ) fee England.
^-* George II. (King) his Valor in Flanders, 75, -<J„
Gerfdorf, M. de, Colonel, 107.
Ghent, t. 257.
Golden Fleece, Order inftituted, 277.
Gotha, t. 321.
Gravenitz, Count de, 336.
Gripilli, a famous Italian Statuary, 142.
Grumkau, M. 329.
Gueldres taken, 53.
Guflavus-,Cbarks King of Sweden, 14,
H.
"OAgue, /. 126, &c.
JL-1 Halberstadt, t. 113.
Hall in Saxony, t. 113. Ham,

to the Thir4 Volume.
Ham, t. 124.
Hambourg, t. 230, 249.
Hanau, /. 319. Some Particularities of the Count
and his Court, 320.
Hanover, /. 120. George (late) Eleftor, his Concern
for the Death of the Queen of Pruffia his Sifter, 58.
Harlem, t. 137.
Harrach, Count de, 22.
Haye Foreft, 342.
Heiden, Baron de, General, 124.
Henning, M. de, Pruffian Minifter, 148.
Hervorden, t. 124.
Heffe, Princefs of, 83.
Hohenzollern, Prince, 159.
Holftein, Prince and Princefs, 32,33,37,61.
Honflaerdyke Palace, 139.
St. Hubert, Order of Knights, 335.
I.
JAckel, the King of Pruffia s Jefter,90.
James 11. how his Queen Dowager was condol'd by
the French Court, on the Mifcarriage of the Preten
der's Expedition to Scotland, 299.
Jefuits Church at Antwerp confum'd, 167.
Jews ztthcHague, 127. At Francfort, 145.
Illgen (Baron de) 108. His Differvice to the Author,
329.
Imhoff, Minifter to the D. of Wolfembuttle, 117
Infurance-Office from Fire erected at Berlin, 108.
John of Leyden the Taylor, 161.
St. John, an Equeftrian Order, 54.
JofephJsLm^exor of Germany, his Death, 123.
Jofeph Clement, Elector, fee Cologne.
Issouin, t. our Author's Birth-place, 2.
Juftice, Bed of, erected in France, 354.
K.
KAmcke (Brothers) their Hiftory, 104; 105, 110,111.
Authors of the Difgrace of the Count de War
temberg, 105, 106, &c.
gsof »' ogn, Three, 165.
Kinski, Count de, 160. Knights

An Alphabetical InDeX
Knights of St. Lewis, their Poverty, 292. Their Num
bers* 348.
Kniphaufen, M. de, Ambaffador,32S,329.
Kolbe, fee Wartemberg (John Cafimir de Kolbe).
Koningfmark, Countefs of, 244. -
Kraut, M.. Aid de Camp, 79.

L

L.
— , Envoy of Pruffia at Hambourg, Character of
his Lady, "and an Account of an Entertainment
that he gave' the Author, ^ to 25*-
Lady of Precious 'Stones, who fo call'd, and why, 279.
A Learned Lady, 221.
Law, John, Projector of the Miffiffippi Scheme, 354*
League of Cambray, 74.
Leap, a defperate one for a young Lady, 255, 256,
Leek, Lord of  ,218, ¦.<
Legitimated Princes of France, 294, &(¦
Leopold, Emperor, his Death, 60.
Leipsic, t. 322.
Lewis XIV. and XV. See France.
Leyden, t. 125.
Limbourg Duchy mortgag'd, 7,, 8.
Lippe, Count de, 124.
Lion tam'd by a Duke of Brunfwic, 119.
LlPSATDT, t. 124.
Lifle Siege, 73. Its Surrender, 81.
Defcription of the Towfi, 258, 259.
Longueville Family, 295.
Lorrain (Court of) 338, 339, to 341.
Lottum (Count de) 52, 77, 79, 102.
Loven, Mademoifelle de, 244.
Louvain, t. 256.
Lubomirski, Princefs of,- 243, 244,
L&wendabl, Marfhal, 245.
Luneville, /.-. 338.
Lutherans and Calvinifts, 146,
Luxembourg Garden, 200. M.
ft/fAGTiEBURG, t. and DuChy, 113, 226,227.
-*-vx Maine (Duke and Duchefs) 191, 284, 286, 287.
Maintenon, Madam, 284.
Malplaquet (Battle of) 89. Marl-

to the Third Volume.
Marlborough (Duke of) his Journey to Berlin, M
Bribes a Minifter of the King of Sweden, 61, 66
Marly, t. 181, 183.
Marne, r. 343.
Marfm, Marfhal de, 6<).
Mastricht, t. 25?.
Match-maker, Elector of Brandenburg, a great one, 2?,
Meaux, *. 344.
Mechlin,/. 170.
MecHemburg (Princefs of) married to Frederic I. King
of Pruffia, 86. Her extravagant Devotion, 91.
Her Anfwer to the King upon it, 92. Lofes herSen-
fesj 211. She is fent back to Mecklemburg after the
King's Death, 213.
Medicis, Mary de, Queen of France, her Diftrefs, 1-65,
166, 175.
Mentz,/, and Elector, 331, 332.
Mefmes,M. de, Prefident of the Parliament of Par/,3.52,
Metternich, Count de, Ambaflador of Pruffia, 71, 73,
75' h8-
MltfDEN, t. 123,
Mons, t. 171.
Montluc, John de, 173.
Montmotency, Conftable, 174, 176.
Motte (M. de la) fee Wynendale.
Munster, t. 161. Treaty, 162. Bifhop, 163.
Muntzer, Head of the Anabaptifts, 161.
Mufcovites, Succefs over the Swedes, 65, to 68".
N.
XJAncy, *. 341.
x^ Naffau, Princes of, 218.
Naffau-Orange (Princefs ot) refufes to give her Daugh
ter to the King of Pruffia, 82.
•<¦ — (Prince of) drown'd in paffing the Moerdyie, 139,
Provifional Settlement made by the States Genera),
between him and the King of Pruffia, touching King
William's Succeffion, 140.
Naffau Weitbourg (Count de) 154.
Nautre (le) Gardener, 1 80,
Nemours, Madame de, Princels of Neufchatel, 72.
Neufchatel adjudged to the King of Pruffia, 71, 73, 73^
Newport, t. 277, 278.
Nimeguen, t. 125.
JXovion, de, Prefident ,354.
Voi. III. B b q:

An Alphabetical Index
< . °-
rXRange, Maurice, Prince of, his Daughter, our Au-
^¦^ rhbr's Grandmother, 2. Frederic-Henry, Prince of,
his Will, 50, 5 r. Parliament of Orange, 59. William,
Prince of, his Tomb, 128.
Orange, /. feiz'd by Lewis XIV. 53.
Oranjebaum,/. 113.- , >
Orleans (Duke of) Regent of France ;¦ 185. Beginning
of his Regency, 284, &e. Hiftory of it, 345, &c.
Orleans (Madame de) Elizabeth Charlotte of Bavaria,
her Charader, 186, 187; Her Cenfure of the Du
chefs of Berry, 1 88, 189. What fhe faid to the Author
on the Misfortunes of the Queen of England, Who
was Dowager to James II. 299. Her Promife of
Protection to the Author, and her Non-performance,
300, 301.
Orleans, Maid of, 175.
Ofnabrug (Duke of Tori) ¦ Bifhop of, his pertinent Re
mark on Poland, 243.
Offuna, Duke of, 215. P.
T)AIatine (Charles Philip of Neubourg, Elector) 143.
^ Palatine (Family) 143, &c.
"Papenheim, Count de, 150, 158.
Paris, /. 177, 199, 345, <&c How the Author liv'd
there, 176, <&c. 210.
Parliament of Paris, its Broils with the Regent, 348,
349, &c~.
Peers of France, 293.
Ferfian Ambaflador at Paris, Particulars relating to
him, 265, &c. His Entry at Paris, 265. His Au
dience of the King, 267. How he fmoak'd his Pipe
at the Opera, 269.
Phaltzbourg, /. 338.
Philip II. of Spain, his remarkable Vow, 175.
Philip, V. fee Spain
Philip, Margrave of Brandenbourg, his Temper, 60.
Character of his Lady, 60. His Death, 160.
Pinneberg, Conferences there, 61.
Poland ( Intrigues in the Election of its King) 155' to 18.
. Its Crown pawn'd to the King of Pruffia, 19.
Poland,Auguft«s II.King of,fee Charles jpl.K.of Sweden.
Poles (their Character) 241, 242. Pollnitz,

to the Third Volume.
Pollnitz, Mademoifelle de, 23, 46, 238, 239, 325, e5r.
Pollnitz (Charles Lewis, Baron de) our Author. His
Extraction, Education, and the Hiftory of his Fami
ly, 1, 2, &c. Has an Electorefs for his God-mother, 3.
¦ His honourable Interceffion with the King of Pruffia
for his Father-in-law, 45, 46. His Entrance by that
King into the Princes Academy, 52. His Service in
Flanders as a Voluntier,75. Adventure that he ttlls .after
! the Battle of Audenarde, 76. Another at the Siege
of Life, 79. His Return to Berlin, 81. His Ad
vancement to the Poft of Gentleman of the Bed
chamber, 88. His miftaken Conceit, that he was in
great Favor, 89. The King's Reprimand of him and
Reconcilement, 90,91. His Departure from Ber
lin, in order to travel abroad upon fome ha: fh Words
faid to him by the King, 11 1, 112, 113. iHowhe loft:
all his Money by Play at Hanover, and prevail'd on
his Mother for more, 122. His Lofs of his Mother,
154. " His Introduction to and Reception by the King
of France and the Princes, 192,193. Hisdangerous
Illnefs at Paris, 199. The Acquaintance he made
with an Adtrefs in Luxemburg Garden, and the Con-
fequences of that Amour, 200, 204. Tempted to
turn Catholic, 205. What Lewis XIV. faid of him,
205. He gives an extraordinary Ball, 209. He falls
in Love with Mademoifelle de S  , 214. Confe-
quences of it, 215, 235. His unlucky Tumble into
a Heap of Dung, 215. Oblig'd by his extravagant
Charges to go home, 215, 217. His fudden Return
to Paris, 217. His Amour with the Countefs of
Wartemberg, 224, 225. His Journey to and Recep
tion at Berlin, 228, 229. His return back again to
Parts, 235. He falls in Love with Madame deP — ,
235. He renews his Courtfhip to Madame de S — ,
235,236. His Return again to Berlin,^ 7. Remarks on
his Diftemper, 238. His Reception at the Court of
Hanover, 238. And at Berlin, 240. How he was
amus'd by the Count de Flemming, 241, 245, 246.
His ill Succefs at the Court of Poland, 241, 242,245.
His Arreft at Drefden, and how he obtain'd his Li
berty, 246. How he broke his Leg, and was trou
bled -with a Fiftula, 247. His merry Defcription of a
Houfe and Family at Hambourg, and of an Entertain
ment he had there, 249, 250. His Return once more
B b 2 t<»

An " Alphabetical Tito wx-
m "VarHs, 259. How he fell in teve.withj Madaja
He R— --*j 260, 270, to 275. The Conf^^ce^oiSft
2')2, 270, to" 275, &c. He follicits fitnpfoj-ment in
France, 263, c^-r. An Adventure that J&ppen?d.ito
Him at a Ball, 270, 271. His Quarrel ss*ttejtte Mar
quis de V—, 273. His Extravagance, b^A*f^fe^ml
how he got out ofthe Scrape, 274, 275V JrUsfSsar
fion of 2000 Livres, 275. His Difpute^ with rusCou-
fin, 276. His Lofs of his PenfionHand ,So|Kftfcatjcan
to regain it, 291, 292. His Prefent from S^wfesl,
292. Who made him large Promifes^ f)ut. did no
thing for him, 301, 304. .His .rncitanchely. Situation,
305. His embracing the Popifh Religion, 306,
His Arreft for Debt, 307. His Intrigue sith an Old
Woman, 303, 309. His unfuccefsful, Propofal of a
Scheme to the Regent, 3 16. . His'^Departurefrom ha
rts, 3 16. His Return to Berlin, and Reception by
the King of Bruffix, 323, 324, to 327.. HisRevgrfi-
on of the next Gentleman of the Bed-Chamber's Pen
fion that fell, 328. The Occafion of -his, DifgraGe,
329, 330. His precipitate Retreat fro m Berlin, 331,
Oblig'd by his Ftftula to go to Paris, 337, 3 38,345 , :
The Operation there; perform'd on him, 345. ,. - ,
Potzdam, t. 40. . v.
Pretender's Mifcarriage in his Expedition'to Scotland, 296,
297. A flagrant Inftance of his Bigotry, 297. His
Return to France, 298.
Princes of the Blood, in France, Contention betwixt
them, 294, &c
Princefs (Madame la) 190,
Printz, M. de, 111,212,240.
Pruffia (Frederic I. King of) his Coronation, 28, to 38.
His Entry' to Koningsberg, 38. His Reception by the
Magiftrates of Dantzic when he came on their Terri
tories^. His 'Entry at Berlin, 41. His Pretenfions td
the Succeffion of Willia-in III. King of England, 49,
50. His Meafures for juftifying them, 51. His Re
ception at the Hague, 51. His Protection to the Re
fugees fxomOr ange, 53. His Sovereignty of Neuf-
thatel recogniz'd, 71, &c. Negociations lor his 2d "
Marriage, 82V83. His Choice of the Princefs :of
Mecklemburg, 84, The new Queen's Arrival, 86, 87.
Their Marriage 86. His Care of his Subjects that were
afflicted with the Plague, 93, His Domeftic Atten
dance,

to 'the Third" yc^me.^ -i
dance, 98, &c. His Tour to theHague, li&./iThe
Magnanimity with which he receiv'd the ifews/ of
the 'Prince of Orange's Death, 140. He fickens, of a
Fright and dies, 210, 211,212.
Pruffia (Frederic-William King of) his Diverfion when
liewfas Prince Royal, 41, 42. Tiis Marriage to the
Elector of Hanover's Daughter, and her Charac5er,7o.
What Lewis XIV. faid when he faw her Wedding-
Apparel, 70. Her Entry at Berlin, 70, 71. Her
Delivery of ^Prince, hisBaptiftnas Prince of Orange,
^nd his Death, 74, 75. His Aceeffioa to the
Grown, 212. The Alteration hemade athisCourt,
213.
Ptuffia (Queen of) the firft Wife 06 Frederic I. and Si-
ifter to the late Elector of Hanover, her Death, 5$.
Honors done to her Corpfe, 58, 59. Her Character,
4,59, 60. -• --¦:
Pruffia (Queen of) fecond Wife to Frederic I. keMeth-
lemburg, Princefs of.
Pruffia (Court of) 3, to 113.
Pruffia Duchy, 13.
Pruffia, particular Reafon of its being ere&ed into a
Kingdom^ ai, 12,29. And Negociationj for that
purpofe,, 14, &c 25. Owing to a Blunder,2i, 22, 25.
Pmfieux, M. "de, Ambaflador of France, 72, 73.
Pmtowa, Battle of, 67, 6%.

ryUedlwibourg Abbey, 18.
*kSlJ>T)QyiNTiN, t, 174., Battle, ibid.
R.
TVAdziowski, Cardinal, 16.
*^- RamelJiesrfiatde, its Confequences, 68, 169.
Refugees, French, their Reception at Berlin, 53,93, 94*'
Their Gratitude, 54,
Regenftein, Counts of, 114.
Reitwitz, M. de, Polifh Envoy, 19.
Religions, a Multiplicity of 'em, where, 232.
Rhinberg taken, 53.
Rifhliefi, Cardinal, 165, 1 75.
"Rohan, Cardinal de, 319. B b 3 Rothen--

An Alphabetical Ind/EX
R'othepbourg (Count de) amufes the Author, 316, 517^
Rotterdam, /. 129.
Ryfwic Treaty, 20.
/ S.
CT. Denys, /. 176.
^ — Quintin, /. 174.
Saltzdahl, /. 115, &c
Saverne, /. 338.
Saxony, Frederic-Auguftus, Elector of, 17. Electoral
Prince of, 269.
Saxony (Maurice Count of) his Character and Marri
age, 244. The Electorate ruin'd, 66.
Schalifer, Baron de, 82.
Schenk, /. 125.
Schmettau, M. de, the Minifter, 16, 20, 51, 75.
Schonborn, Count Lotharius Francis de, Elector of
Mentz, 147.
Schuurman (Ann Mary) 221.
Seaux Caftle, 192.
Seckingen, Baron de, 144,
Senlis, /. 176.
Shift (feamlefs) faid to be the Virgin Mary's, 234.
Shrewsbury (Duke of) fent to Paris, 206. Characters
ofthe Duke and Duchefs, 206,207, The. King's
Complaifance to her, 207, 208.
Sigifmundl. King of Poland, his War with the Margrave
of Brandenbourg, 1 3 .
Simmer en, Vxincsfs de, 8.
Snuff, the Queen of Pruffia reprimanded by the King
for taking it, 35.
Sobieski (John King of Poland) his Death, 15. His Son
James, 63. Sobieski, Princefs, 145.
Sophia, Princefs of Hanover, her Character, 120. Death,
Spanheim, M. Pruffian Ambaflador, 26, 50, 74.
Spani/b Succeffion, Quarrel about it, 47, 48, &c. 60.
Stanhope, Mr. 51.
Staniflaus (King) proclaim'd, 61, 64. Crown'd 6^.
Steinbock, Count de, 232
Stoffius (M. de) Treafurer of the Order of the Blatk
Eagle, 107.
Strasbourg, t. 317.
Stutgard, t. 333. Sultz,

to the Third Volume,
Sult&bach (Hereditary Prince, of) 144.
Sweden (fee Charles XII. King of) the prefent King's
Marriage, 6, 155.
Synod of Dort, 130. T.
TApiftry Manufacture, 170.
Tefchen (Princefs of) 243, 244.
Teffe, Marfhal de, 69, 310, 3 11.
Tilly, Count, 123.
Tobianski, Count de, 38.
Tonningen, t. 63.
Torcy, M, de, 268.
Toul, /; 342.
Tour, M. 50.
Tour Taxis, Prince of, 154.
Treaty of Munfter, 161.
Trianon Palace, 180.
Tromp,Mirtin,-"ta& Dutch Admiral, his Tomb, 128.
Thwpx, Pruffian, characterise, 55, 56,68, 83.
Turenne, Marfhal, 172, 279.
Turin Siege rais'd, 68. U.

\7"Alenciennes, /. 172.
* Vendofme, Duke of 76, 77.

Versailles, /. 177, &c. to 197.
Vienna Siege, 21.
Villars (Marfhal de) 236.
Villeroy, Marfhal de, 171, 303.
Vilvorde Canal, 170.
Voifin, M.de, Chancellor, 263,264.
Vrilliere, M. de, Secretary, 358.
Utrecht, /. 220. Treaty, 222.
'^X/'Arsaw, /. 241, <&c.
* v Wartemberg (John Cafimir de Colbe) Count de,
Prime Minifter to Frederic I. King of Pruffia; his Hi
ftory/ 8,1 7,24. Cabal againft him, 42. His Re
venge, 44. HisDifgrace, 104, 109, m. His Death
at Franrfort, and how he was lamented by the King
of Pruffia, 223.
Wartemberg(Counte& de)her mean Extra<tion,greatFor-
t\ine,<),io,&c .Some Particulars relating to herCondudt
23,24, 26, 27. Her Retirement to Utrecht, 223, &c.
Con-

An Alphabetical Index.
Confequence of her Intrigue with the Chevalifif I*
B=*--, 234, 22 % Her B&havitfjir a$ Parti, ¥7 9, 1$FC#!
BepartiiVe for Hollank ib'; '' *>**
Warienfteben (Marfhal def 53. *
Web (General) fee Wynendale.
Werf, Vander, a Dutch Painterj 142.
Wesel, t. 124.
Wefen-: (Counc de) t$s Marriage to out Aytntor'sMotn%,
26, 27. Hh Preferment, 28; His Enga^eilient in a
Cabal againft the Count de Wartemberg, 4a. How
it prov'd his Ruin, 43, &c. His Death, 8|$,
Weftphalia Treaty, 162.
Wilditat, t. 334.
William III. King of England, by whom prevail'd on to
call the illuftrious Houfe of Hanover to the Succef
fion, 23, 24. Difpute about the. Succeffion to bit
own Eftate as Prince of Orange, 49, 50! His Will, 51.
Winter, very cold, 88.
Wirtemberg, (Duke of) his Family and Court, 334,^.
337-
Witgenftein (Count de) his Promotion and Difgrace,
47,59,90, 107. HisReleafe, 111.
Wolfembuttle,*. 114. Character of the Duke***-
thony*Ulric, 11.5.
Wolferfdohfc 109.
Woman, in white, an Apparition, 211.
Wynendale, M. de la Matte's Defeat there by General/
Web,%o. '
X.
"STImenes, Cardinal, 221. Y.
VfPRES, t. 278, 279,
rjEifs, Duchefs oi, 83.
*-* Zell, Dorothy, Duchefs Dowager of, to whom re
married, 3.
Zell, /. no.
Zinzendorf Count de, 159.
FINIS.

3 9002